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Intel® Developer Zone
Modernização de código
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Todos os programas para desenvolvedores
Intel® HPC Developer Conference 2017
Keynote & Plenary Sessions
Welcome & Opening Keynote: The Intertwined Futures of HPC and AI (Part 1 & Part 2)
(24 min)
Technology visionaries architecting the future of high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI) shared key challenges and Intel's direction. They also discussed adapting AI into HPC workflows, their perspectives for architectural developments, upcoming transitions and range of solutions, technology opportunities, and the driving forces behind them.
Joe Curley, Gadi Singer, and Dr. Al Gara, Intel
Plenary Session: Gravitational Waves - The Role of Computing in Opening a New Field of Astronomy
On September 14, 2015, the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) made the first direct observation of gravitational waves from two merging black holes. On August 17, 2017, the LIGO and Virgo observatories detected gravitational waves from the merging of two neutron stars—an event seen as both a short gamma-ray burst and subsequent kilonova by space- and ground-based observatories. These and other discoveries mark the beginning of gravitational wave astronomy. In this talk, we highlight what we have learned and hope to learn in this new field, and point out many of the ways in which high-throughput and high-performance computing have been essential to its progress.
Dan Stanzione, executive director of the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), University of Texas at Austin
Joshua L. Willis, PhD, computational scientist, California Institute of Technology, Laser Interferometer
Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Lab
Plenary Session: Deep Learning for Science
Deep learning has revolutionized the fields of computer vision, speech recognition, and control systems. Can deep learning work for scientific problems? This talk explores a variety of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory applications that are currently benefiting from deep learning. We cover:
Classification and regression problems in astronomy, cosmology, neuroscience, genomics, and high-energy physics
Results from a deep-dive into the problem of detecting extreme weather patterns in climate simulations
Short- and long-term challenges at the frontier of deep learning research, and speculation about the role of deep learning and AI in the future of scientific discovery
Prabhat, director of the Big Data Center at NERSC
Michael F. Wehner, senior staff scientist in the Computational Research Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Plenary Session: Leading the Evolution of Compute: Neuromorphic and Quantum Computing
Intel recently announced important progress in the research into future novel microarchitectures and device technologies: neuromorphic and quantum computing. Neuromorphic computing draws inspiration from our current understanding of the brain's architecture and its associated computations. Loihi, Intel's recently announced neuromorphic research chip, is extremely energy-efficient, uses data to learn and make inferences, gets smarter over time, and does not need to be trained in the traditional way. Quantum computing offers the potential for exponentially greater performance on many algorithms that are computationally challenging on today's computing architectures. We've just delivered a 17 superconducting qubit chip to our research partner QuTech (TU-Delft and TNO) in the Netherlands for measurement and evaluation as part of our investigation into full computing system stacks for two quantum device technologies. This talk gives a brief overview of our directions and progress in developing these novel architectures
Jim Held, PhD, Intel
Todos os tópicos de 2017
Palestras principais e sessões plenárias Inteligência artificial Programação paralela Sistemas Linguagens de alta produtividade Desenvolvimento de visualização Empresas Pôsteres Tutoriais práticos
Revista Intel® Parallel Universe
Livros sobre programação paralela
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Join the original and best-selling Alibaba course.
Alibaba is the biggest online global trade marketplace, and is a goldmine for making money importing products factory direct and reselling. This course will teach you how to safely and effectively import products from overseas using Alibaba so YOU can make 80/90/100% margins on hot-selling products. The content is designed for a beginner with no experience in product manufacturing or importation. I will lay out and explain both the basics and advanced tactics in excruciating detail. This course will teach you how to buy products factory direct so that you can make the most money.
If you are an entrepreneur with a new product idea, or an existing product that you want to save money on manufacturing overseas, then this is the course for you. The world of importation is vast and unforgiving, do not dive in alone! There is TONS of money to be made importing products cheaply from overseas then reselling online or in your store. For a beginner, the process can be daunting and overwhelming. Don't go it alone!
My explanation style is swift but detailed. I will lay out every single minor point that you need to know to take your product from conception to actualization, or from single prototype to a large order arriving at your door.
You will learn about necessary cultural differences. You will receive effective email templates for negotiating politely about quality and price, and learn their ways of doing business to ensure successful transactions. I will teach you how to find the highest quality products at the best prices.
You will learn the red flags to spot for picking reputable and reliable manufacturers, and how to negotiate samples to ensure quality before ordering large amounts. You will become an expert at spotting quality just by looking at their Alibaba listing using a precise checklist.
Overall, you will have a complete understanding of the entire Alibaba importation process from factory search and selection, to negotiations, to OEM packaging if needed, to finally freight and shipping. And along the way, you will get let in on the secret tips and tricks for maximizing success.
Don't stall any longer! Enroll today and start your future as a global trade expert.
This is a comprehensive course meant for anyone interested in importing a product direct from manufacturers. No prior importation, trade or technical experience is required.
The instructor gives all the most important info you need to get up and running with Alibaba. Great for beginners who know absolutely nothing about the business. But if you are looking to learn about how to place your products on Amazon or Ebay, you will have to learn that in another course. This instructor just takes it up to the ordering and delivery process but leaves it up to you once you have received and inspected the product.
General intro about myself and what this course is about.
+ – Getting Started - What is Alibaba and how does it work?
What is Alibaba and how can I make money with it?
+ – Communication - Inquire about quality, pricing, and terms.
What can be customized about your product?


text:
Sota Iwatani
PhD: Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine in Kobe City, Japan
Mentor: David Stevenson, MD
Research: My research focuses on improving the developmental outcomes of preterm infants, and I am interested in the role of increased bilirubin production in the neonatal period. At Kobe University, I studied hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants and established a novel method for the measurement of bilirubin, specifically unconjugated unbound bilirubin (free bilirubin). My current work explores the role of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of bilirubin, in a variety of conditions that affect newborns.
Stephanie Leonard
PhD: Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, CA
Mentor: Suzan Carmichael, PhD and Elliott Main, MD
Research: My current research focuses on severe maternal morbidities, which are serious health conditions that occur at delivery or postpartum. I'm studying statewide trends and disparities in these conditions and using a machine-learning approach to evaluate risk factors. This work is part of the CPQCC/CMQCC Research Collaboration.
Can Liu
PhD: Karolinska Institutet in Solna, Sweden
Mentor: Suzan Carmichael, PhD
Research: At the Karolinska Institutet I studied the psychosocial factors of preterm birth, specifically investigating a mother's living circumstances across her lifespan. With a background at the intersection of clinical and social research, I am specialized in perinatal epidemiology using national registers. Together with Dr. Suzan Carmichael, I will look for ways to improve maternal health by building scientific evidence that can inform clinical and social policy.
Krista Mary Smith Sigurdson
PhD: Sociology, University of California, San Francisco in San Francisco, CA
Mentor: Jochen Profit, MD, MPH
Research: I am a qualitative health researcher, currently working on mixed methods projects on racial and other social disparities in the quality of NICU care. To further our understanding of NICU quality, I use open-ended surveys with families and clinicians, qualitative interviews with experts, and ethnographic observations. I am interested in areas of healthcare where maternal and infant health overlap but where questions remain over how to prioritize the needs of families and babies.
My dissertation was a multi-sited ethnography of human milk banking, sharing, and the use of human milk in biomedical innovation. This work introduced me to the use of banked human milk in the NICU and to NICU quality improvement in general. I use approaches from science studies (history, philosophy, sociology and anthropology of science) to inform my work in its focus on contemporary innovations in maternal and infant health care.
Abraham (Avi) Tsur
MD: The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School in Jerusalem, Israel
Mentors: David Stevenson, MD and Ron Wong, PhD
Research: I am a physician scientist focused on innovative pharmacological and mechanical strategies for the prevention of preterm birth and pregnancy complications related to impaired placental development.
My current research objective is pharmacological reversal of pregnancy complications related to heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) deficiency. Our lab and others have demonstrated that HO-1 deficiency leads to impaired placental development and consequently maternal and fetal pregnancy complications.
Earlier in my career during my obstetrics and gynecology residency in Israel, I invented the OBSPRING, an innovative, dynamic mechanical device for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth. The OBSPRING is currently under safety investigation in non-pregnant women and planned for clinical trials in London in 2018.
Elizabeth Wall-Wieler
PhD: Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
Research: In my current research, I am using large claims databases to study pregnancy complications. Specifically, I am examining the social determinants of severe maternal morbidity, complications among women who had stillbirths, and whether there is a relationship between psychotropic medication use and ectopic pregnancy.
Kari Weber
PhD: Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, MD
Mentor: Gary Shaw, DrPH
Research: My current research focuses on perinatal epidemiology, specifically birth defects. I am currently exploring the co-occurrence of preeclampsia and birth defects and performing a comprehensive analysis of potential risk factors for anophthalmia and microphthalmia. My research interests include maternal lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and environmental exposures.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I moved to San Francisco a few weeks ago, and I am slowly adjusting to my new life out here. It's been a rollercoaster ride of changes, but I'm here to stay (for now).
Park Guell was our first tourist attraction, which is a beautiful creation by architect Antoni Gaudi (his work is everywhere in Barcelona). The natural public park is filled with lush gardens and is known as the face of Catalan modernism.
Stay tuned for Barcelona, Part 3.
2017, you were a roller coaster ride. Thankful to spend my New Year's Eve weekend with my family in New York City. Ready to start fresh in 2018.


text:
Ellen Virginia Holly is an American actress. Beginning her career on stage in the late 1950s, Holly is perhaps best known for her role as Carla Gray–Hall on the ABC daytime soap opera One Life to Live (1968–80; 1983–85). Holly is noted as the first African American to appear on daytime television in a leading role.

Biography

Career
Born in New York City, Holly is a life member of The Actors Studio. Holly began her career on stage appearing in the Broadway productions of Tiger, Tiger Burning Bright and A Hand Is on the Gate, then embarked on a television and film career. In 1968, Holly became the first black actress to be cast as a recurring cast member on daytime TV.

She guest-starred on Sam Benedict and The Nurses as well as landed the role of actress-turned-Judge Carla Gray on One Life to Live, a role she played from 1968 to 1980 and again from 1983 to 1985. Holly came to the attention of Agnes Nixon, the creator of One Life to Live, after writing a letter to the editor of The New York Times about what it was like to be a light-skinned African American. Nixon created the role of Carla and offered Holly a role on her show.

When Holly began on One Life to Live in October 1968, her African-American heritage was not publicized as part of the storyline; her character, named Carla Benari, was a touring actress of apparently Italian-American heritage. Carla and white physician Dr. Jim Craig fell in love and became engaged, but she was falling for an African-American doctor. When the two kissed onscreen, it was reported that the switchboards at ABC were busy by fans who thought that the show had shown an African-American and white person kissing. The fact that Carla was the African-American Clara Grey posing as white was revealed when Sadie Grey, played by Lillian Hayman, was identified as her mother. Sadie convinced her daughter to embrace her heritage and tell the truth. Holly left the series in 1980, but returned in 1983.

In 1996, she released her autobiography describing her life and struggles as a light-skinned black actress in Hollywood. According to her autobiography One Life: The Autobiography of an African American Actress, she was fired from the show by new executive producer Paul Rauch in 1985. Holly returned to daytime in the long-term recurring role of a judge on Guiding Light from 1989 until 1993. She made a return to the small screen in 2002 when she appeared as Selena Frey in the TV movie 10,000 Black Men Named George, alongside Andre Braugher and Mario Van Peebles.

Personal life
Ellen Holly was born in New York to William Garnet Holly and Grace Holly. Holly is Black, and claims African, English, French, and Shinnecock Native heritage. Holly is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.

Holly never married or had children. She had a relationship with her One Life to Live co-star Roger Hill who is also known for his role as Cyrus in the cult film The Warriors. In her autobiography, she wrote about her romance with Harry Belafonte.

Filmography

References

External links

 Ellen Holly at the Internet Off-Broadway Database

Living people
American soap opera actresses
Actresses from New York City
African-American actresses
American television actresses
20th-century American actresses
American film actresses
American stage actresses
Delta Sigma Theta members
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
Year of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


When Jane Bashara was found strangled to death in the back of her SUV nobody knew what to make of it. Things like this simply didn't happen in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan, a wealthy community of million-dollar homes.
The Bashara's, now empty nesters in their mid 50's, also were not the type of people who were found murdered in a parking lot. They were the type of people who volunteered for charity when they weren't hanging out at the country club.
No one suspected that there were deep dark secrets between them that would end in murder.
I just moved to Grosse Pointe Park last fall and was told this story! I can't believe it has finally hit S&S!! I know what I'm listening to tomorrow!
Listening to this episode is so surreal considering it happened in my state. Another great episode!


text:
Назва

Історія дослідження території

Географічне положення

Крайні пункти

Час

Геологія

Геологічна будова Африки нескладна. Майже весь материк Африка являє собою древню платформу, на якій після протерозойської ери горотворні процеси не відбувалися. Лише на північній та південній окраїнах материка розташовані молоді гірські системи (Атлаські, Капські гори). В основі африканської платформи залягає комплекс докембрійських кристалічних порід, зібраних у складки і прорваних різними за віком інтрузіями гранітів, гранодіоритів, габро тощо. Палеозойські породи залягають на докембрії, місцями на кислих лавах і представлені комплексом пісковиків, сланців, доломітизованих вапняків та інших порід. Породи палеозою слабо дислоковані. Протягом палеозойської ери африканська платформа була внутрішньою частиною великого південного континенту, відомого під назвою Гондвани. Мезозойська серія порід представлена континентальними утвореннями, складеними з різних пісковиків, глин, мергелів та ін. Мезозойська товща порід збагачена підземними водами, особливо в Сахарі. Палеогенові і неогенові відклади поширені головним чином на південь від екватора і представлені еоценовими вапняками та континентальними і лагунними відкладами. Визначним геологічним явищем на африканському континенті є грандіозні розломи, розташовані в східній частині.

Майже вся Африка, крім Атлаських гір на північному заході і Капських гір на крайньому півдні, являє собою стародавню платформу, що включає також Аравійський півострів і острів Мадагаскар із Сейшельськими островами. Фундамент цієї Африкансько-Аравійської платформи, складений породами докембрію, здебільшого складчастими і метаморфізованими, виступає у багатьох районах Африки — від Антиатласу і Західної Аравії до Трансваалю. У складі фундаменту відомі породи усіх вікових підрозділів докембрію — від нижнього архею (понад 3 млрд років) до верхів протерозою. Консолідація більшої частини Африки завершилася до середини протерозою (1,9-1,7 млрд років тому); у пізньому протерозої розвивалися лише периферичні (Мавритано-Сенегальська, Аравійська) і деякі внутрішні (Угарта-Атакорська, Західно-Конголезька, Намакваленд-Кібарська) геосинклінальні системи, і до початку палеозою вся площа сучасної платформи була стабілізована.

На ділянках ранньої консолідації відклади пізнього, а місцями навіть раннього або середнього протерозою уже відносяться до платформного чохла. Породи раннього докембрійського фундаменту представлені різними кристалічними сланцями, гнейсами, метаморфізованими вулканічними утвореннями, які на значних площах заміщені гранітами. Для них характерні родовища залізних руд, золота (у зв'язку з гранітами), хромітів (в ультраосновних породах). Великі скупчення золота й уранових руд відомі в уламкових породах основи осадового чохла на півдні Африки. Більш молоді, слабо метаморфізовані породи верхнього протерозою вміщують поклади олов'яних, вольфрамових (у гранітах або поблизу них), мідних, свинцевих, цинкових і уранових руд.

До початку ери відносяться потужні вулканічні виливи і виверження основної (базальтової) магми, найбільше поширені у Південній Африці, але ще зустрічаються і на заході Північної Африки. До цього ж часу (кінець юри) відноситься оформлення сучасних контурів Африки, пов'язане з опусканням по розривах дна Індійського й Атлантичного океанів і утворенням системи периокеанічних прогинів, що містять значні поклади нафти і газу (Нігерія, Габон, Ангола й ін.). Мадагаскар відокремився від континенту наприкінці палеозою. У цей же час відбувається інтенсивне занурення сучасного узбережжя Тунісу, Лівії з утворенням покладів нафти у крейдових і еоценових відкладах. У середині і кінці крейди значна трансгресія охопила Сахарську плиту: виникли морські протоки, що з'єднали Середземне море з Гвінейською затокою і проіснували до середини еоцену.

Корисні копалини

Мінеральні багатства Африки, що пов'язані головним чином з докембрійськими утвореннями, представлені значними родовищами золота, олова, молібдену, хромітів, азбесту, торію, вольфраму, урану та алмазів. Гнейсова товща Африки багата на графіт, особливо на острові Мадагаскар. Кембрійські утворення дуже багаті на родовища мідянистих пісковиків (район Демократичної Республіки Конго, Зімбабве), які містять також кобальт і уран. Значні родовища урану відомі в Південній Африці. З покладами верхнього палеозою та мезозою пов'язані родовища вугілля. У Демократичному Конго і Південній Африці в мезозойських кімберлітах містяться кристали алмазів. За добуванням алмазів Африка займає друге місце у світі після Росії. В останні роки виявлено значні родовища нафти і горючого газу в Сахарі, Алжирі, Марокко, Тунісі, Анголі, Камеруні, Єгипті та Нігерії. В крейдових і палеогенових відкладах Північної Африки відомі багаті родовища фосфоритів.

Африка має великі запаси залізних руд (загальні запаси оцінюються приблизно у 16-23 млрд т), марганцевих руд (близько 400 млн т), хромітів (500—700 млн т), бокситів (3,3 млрд т), міді (достовірні і ймовірні запаси близько 48 млн т), кобальту (0,5 млн т), фосфоритів (26 млрд т), олова, сурми, літію, урану, азбесту, золота (Африка дає близько 80 % сумарного видобутку), платини і платиноїдів (близько 60 % видобутку), алмазів (98 % видобутку). Після Другої Світової Війни на території Африки (переважно в Алжирі, Лівії і Нігерії) виявлені великі запаси нафти (загальні запаси оцінюються в 5,6 млрд т) і природного газу.

Сейсмічність

Рельєф

Суцільний континент (острови і півострови — близько 5 % території) із значним середнім підвищенням поверхні над рівнем моря, з півночі обмежений горами Атлас, з півдня — Капськими і Драконовими горами; понад 70 % поверхні розташовано на висоті 300—2000 м; середня висота 658 м; найвища точка — вулкан Кібо в масиві Кіліманджаро (5895 м), найнижча — западина озера Ассаль (153 м нижче рівня моря); розлогі низовини (долина річки Конго, пустеля Калагарі), переділені гірськими масивами і височинами Агаґґар, Тібесті; на сході Африки — Східно-Африканська рифова система.

Рельєф Африки дуже одноманітний, переважають рівнини та плоскогір'я. Пересіч. висота А. 750 м, при цьому сх. і пд. частини А. більш підвищені. Так, у пн., широкій частині А. переважають висоти 200—500 м над рівнем моря, на південь від 10° пд. ш.— 1000—2000 м, на Сх., в межах Східно-Африканського нагір'я, — понад 3000 м. Більша частина А. довгий час залишалася сушею, на поверхні її відбувалися інтенсивні процеси вивітрювання, тому великого поширення набули пенеплени, столові форми поверхні, ступінчасті плато "і нагір'я — зденудовані виступи кристалічного фундаменту (Абісинське, Ахаггар та ін.). Між ними лежать великі улоговини — прогини фундаменту, заповнені продуктами вивітрювання (западини Калахарі, Конго, Чад). Протягом мезозою, палеогену і неогену в Сх. А. (від гирла р. Замбезі до Суецької зат.) утворилася найбільша у світі система розколів і грабенів, на місці яких виникло Червоне м., більшість озер Сх. А. та западина пустелі Данакіль, а також великі базальтові плато на Абісинському нагір'ї. Вздовж системи грабенів розташовані згаслі та діючі вулкани А. Найвища вершина африканського материка — згаслий вулкан Кіліманджаро (5896 м). Часті сильні землетруси свідчать про активність тектонічних процесів у цих районах. До старод. масиву на Пн. А. прилягають молоді гори Атлас. Пд. окраїна материка облямована Капськими горами, які виникли на початку мезозою. На Пн. від цих гір простягається «Великий Уступ», його найвищою частиною є Драконові гори.

У рельєфі Африки переважають рівнини, плато і плоскогір'я, що лежать на висоті 200—500 м над рівнем моря (39 % площі) і 500—1000 м над рівнем моря (28,1 % площі). Низовини займають лише 9,8 % площі, головним чином уздовж прибережних окраїн. За середньою висотою над рівнем моря (750 м) Африка поступається лише Антарктиді і Євразії. Майже всю Африку на північ від екватора займають рівнини і плато Сахари і Судану, серед яких у центрі Сахари піднімаються нагір'я Ахаггар і Тібесті (гора Емі-Куси, висота 3415 м), у Судані — плато Дарфур (гора Мара, 3088 м). На північному заході над рівнинами Сахари піднімаються Атлаські гори (гора Тубкаль, 4165 м), на сході уздовж Червоного моря простягається хребет Етбай (гора Ода, 2259 м). Рівнини Судану з півдня обрамлені Північно-Гвінейською височиною (гора Бинтимані, 1948 м) і плоскогір'ям Азанде; зі сходу над ними піднімається Ефіопське нагір'я (гора Рас-Дашан, 4620 м). Воно круто обривається до западини Афар, де знаходиться найглибша западина Африки (озеро Ассаль, 150 м).

За плоскогір'ям Азанде лежить западина Конго, обмежена з заходу Південно-Гвінейською височиною, з півдня — плоскогір'ям Лунда-Катанга, зі сходу — Східно-Африканським плоскогір'ям, на якому височать найвищі вершини Африки — гора Кіліманджаро (5895 м), гора Рувензорі (5109 м). Південну Африку займають високі рівнини Калахарі, облямовані з заходу плоскогір'ями Намакваленд, Дамараленд, Каоко, зі сходу — Драконовими горами (гора Табана-Нтленьяна, 3482 м). Уздовж південної окраїни материка простягаються середньовисотні Капські гори. Перевага на материку вирівняного рельєфу зумовлена його платформною структурою. У північно-західній частині Африки з глибоким заляганням фундаменту і широким розвитком осадового чохла переважають висоти менше 1000 м (Низька Африка); на південному заході Африки характерні висоти понад 1000 м (Висока Африка). Прогинам і виступам Африканської платформи відповідають великі западини (Калахарі, Конго, Чадська та інші).

Найбільше піднята і роздроблена східна окраїна Африки у межах активізованої ділянки платформи (Ефіопське нагір'я, Східно-Африканське плоскогір'я), де простягається складна система східно-африканських розломів. У піднятих областях Високої Африки найбільшу площу займають цокольні рівнини і цокольні брилові гори, що обрамляють западини Східної Африки (у тому числі Рувензорі) і Катанги. У Низькій Африці цокольні хребти і масиви простягаються уздовж узбережжя Гвінейської затоки, виступають у Сахарі (у нагір'ях Лхаггар, Тібесті, хребет Етбай). Лавові плато і конуси поширені на Ефіопському нагір'ї і в Східній Африці (Кіліманджаро, Кенія й ін.), вінчають вершини Ахаггара і Тібесті, є в Судані (гора Марра), Камеруні (вулкан Камерун, гори Адамава), перекривають Драконові гори в Лесото.

Узбережжя

Клімат

Розташування кліматичних зон симетричне — від зони екваторіального клімату з буйними вічнозеленими екваторіальними лісами із симетричними смугами тропічного клімату з розлогими пустелями (особливо на півночі), напівпустелями і саванами до субтропічного клімату і рослинності на крайньому півдні та півночі.

Внутрішні води
Сітка річок на континенті розміщена дуже нерівномірно. Величезні простори Сахари зовсім позбавлені постійних водотоків, у приекваторіальній смузі — густа сітка повноводних річок з широкими заболоченими долинами. Частина території А. належить до області внутр. стоку (пд. Сахара, Калахарі). Річки Африки належать до басейну Атлантичного ок. (р. Ніл — найбільша в Африці, в нижній течії перетинає Сахару і впадає в Середземне море, р. Нігер — впадає в Гвінейську затоку, р. Конго — найповноводніша в Африці) та до бас. Індійського ок. (р. Замбезі). Річки Африки протікають через різні кліматичні обл. і характеризуються складним режимом. Профіль рівноваги русла їх здебільшого невироблений, багато порогів і водоспадів (пороги на р. Нілі, водоспади Стенлі і Лівінгстона на Конго, 72 водоспади на Замбезі, найбільший з яких — водоспад Вікторія). Озера зосереджені в Східній Африці. Більшість з них тектонічного походження (Танганьїка, Ньяса, Рудольфа, Альберта, Ківу, Едуарда). Найбільше озеро А. — Вікторія (69,4 тис. км²). Воно займає прогин давнього фундаменту. В посушливих районах Африки є багато безстічних, мілководних озер, що часто змінюють свої обриси (Чад, Нгамі, «шотти» в Атлаських горах).

Для Африки в цілому характерний великий річний стік (5390 км³), за обсягом якого вона поступається лише Азії і Південній Америці. Річкова мережа найгустіша в екваторіальному кліматі; у пустелях і на піщаних рівнинах Калахарі річок майже немає. Континентальний вододіл проходить уздовж східної піднесеної частини Африки, у зв'язку з чим басейну Атлантичного океану належить 36,5 % площі Африки, басейну Індійського океану 18,48 %, басейну Середземного моря 14,88 %. Стік здійснюється в основному п'ятьма головними річками: Конго, Нілом, Нігером, Замбезі і Оранжевою, басейни яких охоплюють близько 1/3 площі Африки. З них Конго за обсягом річного стоку (1230 км') поступається лише Амазонці, а Ніл — найдовша річка на землі (6671 км). Безстічні басейни й області внутрішнього стоку охоплюють 30,5 % площі Африки. У результаті підвищення сухості клімату скорочувалися в розмірах або зникали стародавні озера, в які стікали стародавні річки.

Такі озера існували в Сахарі (Палеосахарське море й ін.), у Чадській улоговині (Палеочадське озеро). Живлення більшості річок переважно дощове. Ґрунтове живлення переважає у напівпустелях і пустелях. Розподіл поверхневого стоку дуже нерівномірний. Найбільшої величини шар стоку (1000—1500 мм на рік) сягає у районах надлишкового зволоження і виходів на поверхню кристалічних порід і латеритних шарів (північно-західне узбережжя Гвінейської затоки, східні схили Мадагаскару); у западині Конго шар стоку 500—600 мм. У субтропічних широтах стік збільшується до 200 мм. Майже всі річки Африки мають значні сезонні коливання стоку. У більшості річок стік буває переважно влітку і восени. Взимку стік переважає на північно-західних і південно-західних окраїнах, в областях з середземноморським кліматом. 37 % площі Африки має епізодичний стік.

Зрошувані землі становлять не більше 5 % всіх оброблюваних площ і зосереджені переважно у долинах Нілу (ПАР, Судан), Нігеру (Малі) і в ПАР. Транспортне значення річок Африки невелике через порожистість багатьох ділянок русл.

Найдовша в Африці і одна з найдовших у світі річка Ніл; численні озера, переважно тектонічного походження; у пустелях річки пересихають, утворюючи сухі русла (ваді), солоні озера (шотти) та великі запаси артезіанської води; 30 % площі континенту — безстічні території;

Річки

В Африці виділяють річки таких типів: 1 — екваторіальний тільки з дощовим живленням і рівномірним стоком; 2 — суданський (найпоширеніший) з перевагою дощового живлення і літнього й осіннього стоків; 3 — сахарський, до якого належать тимчасові або епізодичні водотоки (у Сахарі називаються уедами); 4 — середземноморський з дощовим і частково сніговим живленням і різким скороченням або припиненням літнього стоку. Усі великі річки Африки — транзитні, мають складні режими. Майже всі великі озера Африки лежать у тектонічних западинах на Східно-Африканському плоскогір'ї; вони довгі, вузькі і дуже глибокі. Озеро Танганьїка — друге у світі за глибиною (1435 м) після Байкалу. Найбільше в Африці озеро Вікторія (площа 68 тис. км²) — друге після озера Верхнього (США) прісноводне водоймище Землі. Озеро Тана, утворене в результаті підгачування долини лавовим потоком, — найбільше на Ефіопському нагір'ї.

Озера

В аридних областях Африки переважають реліктові озера внутрішнього стоку, з відносно невеликими глибинами, плоскими берегами, солоною водою (крім солонуватого озера Чад, що має підземний стік у западині Боделе). У північно-західній частині Сахари і в Атласі тимчасові солоні озера називаються шотами, або себхами. Ґрунтові води залягають на невеликих глибинах під руслами тимчасових водотоків; підземні утримуються головним чином у континентальних нижньокрейдових пісковиках Сахари і Північного Судану, у Південній Африці накопичуються у тріщинах корінних порід, у пісковиках і закарстованих вапняках системи Карру. За потенційними запасами гідроенергії (700 млн квт, близько 20 % світових) Африка поступається тільки Азії. Найбільшими запасами володіють басейни Конго (390 млн квт) і Замбезі (137 млн квт), але використовується менше 1 %. На території Африки, що одержує в середньому близько 800 мм опадів на рік, є можливість використовувати для зрошення поверхневі, ґрунтові і підземні води.

Болота

Підземні води

Ґрунти

Для всієї Африки між тропіками характерний латеритний процес ґрунтоутворення. В екваторіальному кліматі під вологими вічнозеленими лісами розвинуті ґрунти червоно-жовті латеритні, для яких характерна хороша аерація і водопроникність. Лише в західній частині западини Конго, де стік річок дуже уповільнений, велику площу займають латеритні глейові і тропічні болотні ґрунти. З півночі і до півдня від зони червоно-жовтих ґрунтів лежать зони червоних ґрунтів, що розвиваються при сухому сезоні до 5 місяців під змішаними листопадно-вічнозеленими лісами і вологими саванами. На вододільних рівнинах у багатьох місцях ерозія оголює їх нижні горизонти, що насичені залозистими конкреціями й утворюють панцирні латеритні кори. При підвищенні сухості клімату під сухими саванами і напівпустелями з'являються червоно-бурі і червонясто-бурі ґрунти з карбонатними конкреціями. Найбільше вони розвинуті у Східній Африці у зв'язку з посушливістю її клімату.

В улоговинах Судану, Східної і Південної Африки значні площі займають чорні гідроморфні і тропічні болотні ґрунти. На півдні Східної Африки і в Південній Африці під рідколіссями знаходяться великі масиви червоно-коричневих ґрунтів, більш гумусованих, аніж ґрунти саван. Пустельний процес ґрунтоутворення протікає в субтропічних і тропічних пустелях. Ґрунти пустель примітивні, щебенисті або галечникові. Розвинуті стародавні сольові кори, що бронюють рельєф, і молоді, що утворюють солончаки. Ґрунти оазисів — солончакові і лучно-солончакові. На субтропічних окраїнах Африки у середземноморському кліматі ґрунти коричневі (у вологіших районах) і сіро-коричневі (у сухіших), збагачені карбонатами і гіпсом. У напівпустелях і пустелях — сіроземи. На південному і південно-східному узбережжі в мусонних субтропіках у коричневих ґрунтах з'являється червонуватий нижній горизонт.

В Африці використовується близько 1/5 придатних для оранки земель, площа яких може бути розширена при дотриманні правильної агротехніки, оскільки поширена примітивна вирубно-вогнева система землеробства, що призводить до швидкого виснаження ґрунтів, зниження їхньої родючості і розвитку ерозії. Найродючіші чорні тропічні ґрунти, що дають гарні врожаї бавовнику і зернових, і ґрунти на вулканічних породах. Жовті, жовто-червоні ґрунти, що містять до 10 % гумусу, і червоні ґрунти з 2-3 % гумусу потребують регулярного внесення азотних, калійних, фосфорнокислих добрив. Коричневі ґрунти містять 4-7 % гумусу, але їх використання ускладнене переважним поширенням у горах і необхідністю зрошення при сухому літі.

Рослинність

Тваринний світ

Охорона природи

Стихійні лиха та екологічні проблеми

Фізико-географічне районування
В Африці яскраво проявляється широтна зональність, природні зони послідовно змінюють одна одну від екватора на північ та південь. Розміщення природних зон на материку зумовлене кліматичними умовами, кліматоутворюючими факторами, в свою чергу, виступають географічна широта, висота поверхні над рівнем моря, морські течії, перерозподіл опадів залежно від характеристики рельєфу. Тому широтна зональність може порушуватись, тоді природні зони витягуються у меридіональному напрямку.

 Вологі екваторіальні ліси (гілея). Розташовані по обидва боки від екватора, в западині Конго та на узбережжі Гвінейської затоки.
 Сезонно-вологі ліси. Широка перехідна смуга між тропічними лісами із постійним зволоженням і зонами саван і чагарників із чітко вираженим сухим сезоном. Найбільші площі займають у Південній півкулі.
 Савани та рідколісся. Широка природна зона у субекваторіальній смузі із чітким сухим сезоном, який припадає на зимовий період. Сезон дощів пов'язаний зі зміною внутрішньотропічної зони конвергенції, яка рухається вслід за сонцем (літнє сонцестояння), і припадає на теплий сезон.
 Пустелі та напівпустелі. Розміщуються в тропічній зоні висхідних атмосферних потоків і на західних узбережжях континенту, що їх омивають холодні морські течії. Це найбільша пустеля світу — Сахара (північна частина континенту), прибережні пустелі червономорського та сомалійського узбережж, прибережна пустеля Наміб (на південно-західному узбережжі) та внутрішньоконтинентальна пустеля Калахарі (південь континенту).
 Твердолисті вічнозелені ліси і чагарники. Розташовані вузькими смугами на північно-західній та південно-східній околиці континенту й відокремлені від решти території високими горами.
 Області висотної поясності. Високогір'я Атлаських гір, Ефіопського нагір'я, гори Рувензорі, Драконові гори тощо.

Див. також
 Географія Євразії
 Географія Європи
 Географія Азії

Примітки

Джерела

Література
Українською
 Африка //

 Назарович А. Н. Основы региональной геологии материков, ч. 2. — М., 1952.
 Народы Африки. — М., 1954.
 Дю Тойт А. Геология Южной Африки. — М., 1957.
 Krenkel E. Geologie und Bodensschätze Afrikas. Leipzig, 1957.


text:
Q: Creating a custom bottom navigation bar This is what my widget tree essentially looks like (without the boilerplate)
PageController pageController = PageController();

return Column(
  children: [
    PageView(
      controller: pageController,
      children: [
        Navigator(onGeneralRoute: (settings) => MaterialPageRoute(context) {
          return Screen1(); // has AutomaticKeepAliveClientMixin
        }),
        Navigator(onGeneralRoute: (settings) => MaterialPageRoute(context) {
          return Screen2(); // has AutomaticKeepAliveClientMixin
        }),
        Navigator(onGeneralRoute: (settings) => MaterialPageRoute(context) {
          return Screen2(); // has AutomaticKeepAliveClientMixin
        }),
      ],
    ),
    // bottom bar
    Row(
      children: [
        Button(onPressed: () => pageController.jumpToPage(0), "1"),
        Button(onPressed: () => pageController.jumpToPage(1), "2"),
        Button(onPressed: () => pageController.jumpToPage(2), "3"),
      ],
    ),
  ],
);

This works fine for the most part. The problem is, there are more routes that I go to on each of the Screens.
The behaviour I want is for each of the Screens to reset (go back to initial view) if I press the same bottom bar item again.
Possible solutions?

*

*Some kind of function in Screens that recognizes when PageView updates with new screen (not sure if this is a thing) and then I could use a parameter in each of the Screens that orders them to go back to initial view (with Navigator.of(context).popUntil(etc..))

*Any other solution that you might now

Thanks!
Edit: I don't want to use a pre-existing widget or package

A: You can check the current page and then perform routing like
 Button(onPressed: ()  {
   if(pageController.page!.toInt()! = 0)
       pageController.jumpToPage(0), "1");
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Lock Brief has been a classic for over 30 years and with good reason. Designed with simplicity in mind, this traditionally styled bag has all you need for every day use. A large single gusset keeps loading and un-loading a breeze and the quick release lock makes for a secure closure.


Hello everyone, my name is Bobby, I am a beautiful Lesser Sulphur Crested Cockatoo.
As you can see I have beautiful feathers and I love to be sprayed to keep them looking good. I am a little nervous around the ladies so will need someone who will build my trust up as I really love men only. I really don't like dogs either as they make me nervous. I will step up with a little coaxing from my chosen man. I even like teenage boys. I love to dance to music and I wave goodbye to you. I am fully flighted and I do like to talk.
I am use to my safehouse being at home so someone who is around a lot will be great for me and will also help with my confidence. I do like to explore boxes, so if you do have to go out, give me plenty to do.
Can any man offer me a loving home?


Checks the status from the authentication run and adds the reasons as variable to the $result.
This method uses the information that is set by the runAuthRequiredFilter() filter to generate an user-readable text of the found $reasons and sets these as the variable ezcAuth_reasons in the $result. You can supply your own mapping from status codes to messages, but a default is provided. Please refer to the Authentication tutorial for information about status codes.


As the Bank of Ghana (BoG) continue with its reform of the Banking sector, there is the need to institute measures to save weak banks as well.
This is a recommendation coming from the Institute of Fiscal Studies (IFS) to the BoG.
According to the institute, the BoG should take regulatory action which would restructure weak banks, improve transparency and reduce risks to financial stability.
According to Prof Newman Kusi, Executive Director of the Institute of Fiscal Studies (IFS), who made the call, since the major risk to the banking sector is the high level of non-performing loans, banks should put in place measures to strengthen credit management and risk processes and improve loan recovery efforts.
He also called on financial institutions in Ghana to commit resources and time to develop appropriate and innovative products to meet the demands of the economy while targeting economically active clients outside the formal sector.
Prof Kusi said the time has come for the Governor of the Bank of Ghana and the Minister of Finance to pay greater attention to economic reforms and macro policies that stimulate higher and inclusive economic growth.
"Ghana's financial and insurance sector can contribute immensely to the economic development agenda of the country. But this cannot be achieved if financial institutions and insurance companies in the country operate without understanding the nature and characteristics of the economy.
In a recent paper published by IFS, Prof Kusi, said Ghana's Financial and Insurance Sector was in crisis.
He revealed that banking in Ghana cannot evolve around debits and credits, salary loans, consumer loans and still expect to have a wider and deeper financial sector.
"For the banking sector, the end of December 2018 will be historic, as it will mark the deadline for compliance with the GH¢400 million new minimum capital requirement.
On insurance, he said insurance companies must work to widen their distribution channels by forging partnerships with the financial institutions and telecommunication companies to reach the neglected and unbanked population.
OLD FOES SA & MOROCCO SET FOR 2019 AFCON BID BATTLE?


Definition - What does Widow mean?
A widow is a woman that survives the death of her husband. This is a legal designation in cases relating to pensions and insurance policies. It is a commonly used term to refer to a woman when she outlives her husband. This only relates to the death of a spouse and not a divorce.
In many instances, there is a financial gain to a surviving wife of a man who has a pension policy from working especially if the man was the sole wage earner. The woman is entitled to draw upon the dead husband's pension; that entitlement is referred to as a widow's pension. There are government related benefits and social security benefits that can change in amount when a husband dies and the designation used in those instances is the same.


For information about how to best contact individual CHC staff members, please visit the staff page. Calling or emailing an individual staff person directly will elicit the most timely response.
For general questions and comments that are not time sensitive, please use the form below. This form is monitored bi-monthly, so please call 202-547-7022 x.10 if you need a more timely response.
Thanks, in advance, for your comments and questions.


text:
Pirate Party to Dominate Iceland Parliament, Survey Finds
The Pirate Party would dominate Iceland's parliament if elections were held today. That's the conclusion of a new survey which found that the Pirates appear to be maintaining an impressive lead over their rivals, with around 38% of voters saying they will be voting for the party and kicking the ruling coalition out of power.
Founded ten years ago by Rick Falkvinge, over the years the Swedish (and first) Pirate party grew into a considerable political movement.
Against what some believed were insurmountable odds, Pirates were even able to put their representatives into the European Parliament, where German politician Julia Reda has been a Member since 2014.
While local variants continue to ebb and flow elsewhere, over in Iceland there's an intriguing situation playing out which has seen the Pirates transform from fresh-faced upstart to political powerhouse.
In 2013 (and after just a few months of existence) the Icelandic Pirate Party picked up a notable 5.1% of the vote, meaning that the party entered the national government with three Members of Parliament. But now, just three years later, a dramatic situation is playing out.
According to the results of a new poll published Friday, the Icelandic Pirate Party now appears to count on the support of a staggering 38.1% of the population. To put that into perspective, that means that if elections were held today, the party would leap from the three seats it currently holds to a massive 26 seats.
While all survey results should be received with caution, if these figures can be maintained it means that the Pirates would oust the incumbents to become the most significant player in the country's parliament.
The survey, carried out by 365 Media, found that The Independence Party is roughly maintaining the 27.6% of the vote it achieved in the 2013 elections. However, The Progressives have dropped from 24.4% to 12.8%.
If that prediction plays out the two parties combined would plummet from the 38 seats they currently hold to just 27, meaning that if people went to the polls today the parties would lose their parliamentary majority.
In fact, as the Grapevine frames it, not only are the Pirates now the country's largest political party, but no two-party ruling coalition could be formed in Iceland without including the Pirates.
Typically, however, the Icelandic Pirates are taking the latest poll results in their stride. Instead of the unbridled celebrations one might expect, they're remaining ever level-headed.
"I just do not know. I do not judge it," says "shocked" Pirate MP Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson.
While the Pirates are exercising caution, the pattern seems clear. In early 2015 the party was predicted to take 23.9% of the votes, a figure that had swelled to 34.2% last October.
Nevertheless, there is still a way to go. Elections don't take place until 2017 and the party has already made it clear that it is seeking change rather than the ability to take power.
"We don't really want to govern, but rather have the system working as a whole where everyone in it has responsibility for their actions," Pirate MP Ásta Helgadóttir previously told TF.
pirate-party
Travis McCrea's Answer to Ebook.bike Piracy Lawsuit Cites DMCA & Religious Defenses
September 28, 2019, 13:08 by Andy Maxwell
Pirate Party MEP Elected Vice-President of EU Parliament
July 4, 2019, 18:03 by Ernesto Van der Sar
The New Mayor of Prague is a 'Pirate'
October 29, 2018, 13:27 by Ernesto Van der Sar


text:
QOTD#21 Average University Costs
Difficulty: Medium Data Analysis Source: The Princeton Review
QOTD#21 Average University Costs	[#permalink] 15 Dec 2016, 06:42
50% (06:06) correct 50% (08:23) wrong	 based on 6 sessions
Question 4: In 2005, the ratio of the average annual cost to attend a private university to the average annual cost to attend a public university was the same as it was in 1990. If the average annual cost to attend a public university in 2005 was $11,000, what was the average annual cost to
attend private university in that year, to the nearest $1,000?
A. $18,000
B. $24,000
C. $29,000
D. $32,000
E. $34,000
Question 5: By approximately what percent did the average annual cost to attend a private university increase from 1980 to 2000?
A. 27%
B. 73%
C. 138%
D. 267%
E. 367%
Question 6: The average annual cost to attend a private university increased at a constant rate from 1995 to 2000, and 2.5 million students attended private universities in 1998. If 2 million students attended private universities in 1990, then by approximately what percent did the total dollar
amount spent on private universities increase from 1990 to 1998?
C. 55%
D. 70%
E. 90%
Drill 3
Question: 4, 5, 6
Page: 469-470
di new.jpg [ 28.2 KiB | Viewed 7169 times ]
Re: QOTD#21 Average University Costs	[#permalink] 15 Dec 2016, 06:55
Question 4: The private : public ratio in 1990 was about \(\frac{13}{5}\). Setting the ratios equal for the two years (setting up a proportion) gives you: \(\frac{13}{5}=\frac{x}{11000}\). The private cost is approximately $29,000, so the answer is choice C.
Question 5: The cost increases from about $6,000 to $22,000. Use the percent change formula to find the percent increase: \(\frac{16000}{6000}*100= 267%\), so the answer is choice D.
Question 6: The average cost of a private university in 1995 was $17,000, and the cost in 2000 was $22,000, as you discovered in the previous question. The increase over the 5-year period was $5,000. If the average cost increased at a constant rate, then the increase was $1,000 per year.
The 3-year increase from 1995 to 1998 was therefore $3,000, putting the average cost for a private university at $20,000 in 1998. To find the total cost for that year, multiply the average cost per student times the number of students: ($20,000)(2.5 million) = $50 billion. Similarly, in 1990, the total dollar amount spent on private universities was ($13,000)(2 million) = $26 billion. The billions cancel out of the percent change formula, giving you \(\frac{24}{26}*100 = 92%\), which is the closest to choice E.
bumpbot
Re: QOTD#21 Average University Costs	[#permalink] 05 Mar 2021, 18:18
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text:
Equality Survey 2022
Changing lives through football by being inclusive, progressive and respectful
As part of Cheshire FA's commitment to Equality, Inclusion and Diversity - we require YOUR help.
By completing our 2022 Equality Survey, you will enable us to understand the diversity across the county, taking your perspectives to help shape the game and allow it to grow further.
We require support from players, coaches and referees across Cheshire. The survey takes approximately 2-5 minutes to complete.
CEO Steve Smithies spoke of the importance of this survey: "We want to ensure that Cheshire FA is an inclusive environment for all to play football. By completing this survey, you, our grassroots community, will directly help to shape the work we do moving forward. We really do appreciate you taking the time to complete this."
Dan Landstrom, Football Development Officer for Disability & Inclusion, added: "At Cheshire FA, we have made great strides in recent months with our work around Equality, Diversity and Inclusion - but we need to continue to work hard in ensuring we have a game that is accessible and available to all."
As a thank you for completing this survey - upon completion, you will be presented with a link to complete another form that will allow you to enter a Raffle Prize Draw where you have the opportunity to win some top prizes including:
England Match Tickets
Use of a VEO camera… and more!
Click here to complete the survey


text:
3 Michigan Beers Named Best IPAs In America
floridagirl0815 via ebay.com
Michigan's craft beer scene is anchored by some big names like Founder's, Bell's, Short's, New Holland, and many more. But none of those big names showed up on Thrillist's list of The 34 Hottest IPAs in America Right Now.
Get out of the way Mad Hatter, All Day IPA, and Two-Hearted Ale, you have some new competition! Here are the 3 Michigan IPAs that made the list:
M-43 N.E. India Pale Ale (6.8%)
Old Nation Brewing Company - Williamston, Michigan
Old Nation's M-43 is literally a lifesaver. The brewery was on hard times when they released their IPA, M-43 and ever since they have been selling out there stock left and right. Their website describes M-43 as designed to accentuate the deep and complex character from the combination of Calypso, Amarillo, Citra, and Simcoe hops. You can find M-43 year-round at over 300 Michigan beer retailers.
The Juice Is Loose (8%)
Transient Artisan Ales - Bridgman, Michigan
Transient's The Juice is Loose is a double IPA with sweet fruity notes of tangerine and passionfruit. The Juice is Loose rotates and is only available at their brewery in Bridgman, so it isn't the easiest beer to find.
Same Same Different (7.2%)
Homes Brewery - Ann Arbor, Michigan
The first rule of Homes' Same Same Different is don't talk about Same Same Different. Or at least that is what the head brewer says because the more people who hear about the harder it is to keep it in stock. Homes Brewery's website describes their beer as "Bright, citrusy, tropical hop flavor, brewed with Mosaic, Citra and Simcoe." You can find Same Same Different year-round at many Michigan retailers (when they have enough brewed to keep up with demand).
Source: 3 Michigan Beers Named Best IPAs In America
Categories: Michigan News


text:
import torch
try:
    remove_plus = torch.__version__.find("+")
    remove_dotdev = torch.__version__.find(".dev")

    PYTORCH_VERSION = torch.__version__
    if remove_plus != -1:
        PYTORCH_VERSION = torch.__version__[:remove_plus]
    if remove_dotdev != -1:
        PYTORCH_VERSION = torch.__version__[:remove_dotdev]

    PYTORCH_VERSION = list(map(int, PYTORCH_VERSION.split(".")))
except:
    # for unknown errors, just set a version
    PYTORCH_VERSION = [1, 8, 0]

if PYTORCH_VERSION >= [1, 6, 0]:
    TORCH_HAS_AMP = True
else:
    TORCH_HAS_AMP = False

def is_amp_enabled():
    if TORCH_HAS_AMP:
        return torch.is_autocast_enabled()
    else:
        return False

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mrs. Jones, thank you for coming here and sharing your story with us; and I thank your son sitting over here, and two other fine young man who were the victims of violence, for helping to describe their condition to Governor and Mrs. Florio, and to me today -- and what happened to them.
That is one of the many changes that I hope we can make as we move toward the 21st century. But I believe very strongly that in order for us all to have the courage to make those changes, we need a higher level of personal security in this country. And I wanted to come back here to this magnificent health facility to talk today for a moment about the relationship between health care and the need for health security, and violence and the need for personal security.
As you've already heard, these two things are very closely related. I'm honored to be here with my good friend and former colleague, Governor Jim Florio. You know, I was elated when Jim was awarded the John F. Kennedy Profiles in Courage Award earlier this year, because I think he really earned it. (Applause.) My guess is, he earned it by making even some of you in this audience mad from time to time. But I know what it's like to be a governor and to have to work on a balanced budget, and I know what kind of trouble New Jersey was in, and you now have the best credit rating in the Northeast. I know, too, how hard it is to stand up and fight for things like an end to assault weapons, and what a long struggle it is; just passing the law is only the beginning before the final impact is felt, perhaps a year, perhaps five years down the road.
Today I saw a lot of things that I have seen before over the last three and a half years since I started looking into the health care system and long before I even dreamed of running for president. I saw at this great American health institution, the very best of American health care, as well as what is wrong with America's health care. And, indeed, if we want to finally, at long last, join the ranks of every other advanced country in the world and provide health care security to our people, health care that's always there and that can never be taken away, we have to work vigilantly to keep what is right with our health care system as we work to change what is wrong.
What is right is obvious about this place. I saw the care that the nurses and the doctors were giving. I saw the concern that this hospital administrator had for the way each part of this hospital worked as I worked my way through it. And I saw the way a lot of these patients, many of them very young, responded to their caregivers. I saw the gratitude in the parents and the family members' eyes. That is the core, the kernel, the heart, the spirit, of our health care system. And we can't do anything to interfere with that. Indeed, we have to be committed to enhancing that.
But I also heard three different stories about people who showed up here without health care coverage or with an insurance policy that wouldn't pay or with two different groups arguing about who owed and about long delays before the hospital got paid, and massive, massive expenditures of time and money filling out first one form and then another, and then hassling people to try to get them to pay the bill. And that is what is wrong with this health care system.
We are the only country in the world with an advanced economy that can't figure out how to cover all of our people. So what happens? They get health care all right, and then the rest of you pay the bill or the hospital goes broke. And so many of our people get health care when it's too late and too expensive because they have no coverage so they don't get the primary and preventive services that keep people well.
And, of course, as I already said, the administrative costs are absolute nightmares. I was in the Washington Children's Hospital the other day and was told that every year they spend in that one hospital alone $2 million filling out forms that have nothing to do with keeping patient records for health care purposes; that the doctor spends so much time, the 200 doctors on staff there, on paperwork that has nothing to do with patient health care and keeping records of it, that they could see another 10,000 children a year collectively -- just 200 doctors if they didn't have to do it.
So the question for us is, how do we change what's wrong, keep what's right, and how can we deal with the burden of our health care system? We now spend over 14 percent of our income in America on health care. Canada spends 10 percent. No other nation in the world spends over 9 percent -- even Germany and Japan, two very wealthy advanced nations, spend less than 9 percent of their income on health care; and their health outcomes are roughly similar, if not better, than ours.
Now, how did this come to be, and how can we change it? We don't want to do anything to undermine the quality of health care. If you cover everybody, if you give them primary and preventive health care services, if you do as our plan and you increase investment in medical research, you can improve quality. You certainly don't erode it. We don't want to destroy people's right to choose their health care system. Under our plan, each employee in each workplace would get at least three choices. Today, only one-third of workers who are insured in the workplace have more than one choice. Contrary to some of the complaints about it, our plan will increase consumer choice, not decrease it.
We do have to simplify the system. I said that before. And we do have to achieve savings in some areas where they can be achieved. Plainly, if you reorganize the system, you won't have as much fraud and abuse, and you'll have dramatic savings in paperwork. I don't think people understand the --your administrator was telling me that this hospital has 25 percent administrative costs. The average hospital has hired four clerical workers for every direct health caregiver in the last 10 years. The average doctor 10 years ago was taking home 75 percent of all the money that came into a private clinic. Today, that figure is down to 52 percent -- 23 cents gone to a system of 1,500 separate insurance companies, thousands of different policies, thousands of different forms and government paperwork and bureaucracy on top of that.
And finally, we have to ask people to assume some more responsibility. Two-thirds of our plan will be paid for by asking employers and employees who don't pay anything into the system now to do their part, while giving discounts to very small businesses with lower-wage workers to avoid breaking them. We have to ask people who can afford to pay, to pay, because the rest of you are paying for them. And then when they get really sick they get their health care and you still pay for them. So we need some more responsibility.
Now, if you did all this and you look again at this American health care system, even if you just forget for a moment about the human element -- and it's very hard to do with all these wonderful young people here -- and you see us way up here at 14.5 percent a year of our income, everybody else at about 9 percent. And we're losing 100,000 a people a month, permanently, who are no longer covered with health insurance and 2 million people a month lose their health insurance, but the rest of them somehow get it back. But the system is hemorrhaging.
What can we do nothing about, and what do we want to do nothing about? We wouldn't want to anything about the fact, I don't think, that we invest more in medical research and technological advances than other countries. We should be proud of that, it contributes to our economy. The fact that we have the strongest in this state pharmaceutical companies in the world. And they do a lot of research to find new drugs. We shouldn't begrudge that. Indeed, in our plan I'd like to make more use of pharmaceutical treatment where appropriate by giving people on Medicare and people with health insurance policies some coverage for drugs so that they can manage their health care better, I think many times at lower cost.
Then you look at the things we plainly want to do something about -- the bureaucracy, the unnecessary procedures, the fact that the system is rigged for defensive medicine. A lot of problems with it. Then you ask yourself about, what's the rest of the difference? The rest of the difference is, this country has more teen pregnancy, low-birthweight births, AIDS rates and other kinds of serious, highly costly illnesses and much more violence.
And we -- there is nothing I can do in a health care bill that will do away with that. We have simply got to be willing to change our behavior or admit that we are going to tolerate living in a country where homicide is the second leading cause of death among Americans between the ages of 15 and 25 and the leading cause of death among teenage boys today.
We just have to say, well, we've just decided we're going to continue to live in the only country where police routinely find themselves outgunned by out-of-control teenagers. We'll just have to say we have decided that we're not going to make our streets, our parks, or even our schools safe again. You heard the story of this fine family over here that Governor Florio cited.
I was in California this weekend on a town meeting. We were interconnected with four big cities in California. This fine, young Korean American businessman stood up and talked about how his brother was shot dead by somebody that wasn't even mad at him in one of these arbitrary shootings. And then a young African American boy, a junior high school student, stood up and told me how he and his brother did not want to be in a gang, did not want to have weapons, just wanted to be good students. And they were so concerned about the lack of safety in their school that they changed schools.
So they went to the newer, safer school. And on the first day of school, they were lined up registering for school, and this young man's brother, standing right in front of him, was shot down because he got caught in the crossfire in a gunfight in the middle of the safer school.
This is a huge economic problem, all right -- you've already heard this. Most of the people who are victims of the $4 billion of gun violence every year in this country, 80 to 85 percent of them have no health insurance. So you pay for them. The system pays for them. It's part of the escalating cost of health care. It's part of why we can't close the gap between where we are and where other countries are. But the human tragedy is the most important thing.
Why should this young man have to worry about how well he's going to walk for the rest of his life? And let me just say this: I come from a state where over half the people have a hunting or fishing license, or both. There are towns in my state where you have to shut the schools and the factories down on the opening day of deer season, because nobody's going to show up anyway. (Laughter.) I was in the woods with a .22 when I was a kid. I love the outdoors. This has got nothing to do with people having the right to train, to learn how to use, to care for a sporting weapon and to do it under controlled circumstances. It's got nothing to do with this. But I also live in a state now where kids get shot in their schools with weapons that were designed solely for the purpose of killing people.
And Dr. Hammond told me when we were making this tour something I didn't know. He said that just in the last few years, when people go to sites where people were shot with guns, they are three times more likely to see the gunshot end in a fatality because of the use of semiautomatic and automatic weapons and multiple bullets in a body. Just in the last few years.
And so, I tell you, my fellow Americans, we have a decision to make. And this is the time to make it. We can't keep saying that we deplore these things and it's terrible and keep extolling our American values on how much more law-abiding we are than other people and put up with this. We either need to say this is a level of chaos and human degradation and waste of human potential and incredible cost in society that we are willing to tolerate because we cannot bear to do something about it; or we need to get up, stand up and be counted and do something about it.
We have to make a decision, and it's time to make it. And it directly bears on the ability of your nation to develop a health care system that fixes what's wrong, keeps what's right, provides security and doesn't break the bank. It is directly related.
We have a crime bill -- Governor Florio mentioned it -- before the Congress. It does a lot of things, but most importantly, here's what it does. It requires the Brady bill, which is a national five-day waiting period, to establish background checks to check for age, criminal history and mental health history. It matters. You must do it nationally -- why? Just near here in New York City, of the many thousands of weapons confiscated last year by the police, 85 percent of them came from other states. If you don't have a national system, you will never fix this. It is a huge deal.
The second thing the crime bill does is to provide for the 50 percent of the downpayment of the commitment I made when I was running for President that I wanted to ask the Congress to give the American people another 100,000 police officers in the next four years -- not just to catch criminals, but to deter crime. And lest you think it doesn't work, let me -- I can cite you many examples. Places in New Jersey which have more police officers, where the crime rate has gone down. In New York City where the crime rate has gone down in seven FBI, all the seven major FBI categories where community policing has been deployed. In the city of Houston, which had a 17 percent drop in crime in one year, because when people are there in force, it prevents crimes from occurring in the first place. So that's an important part of this.
Another part of the crime bill gives states funds to establish innovative programs for kids when they get in trouble before they do shoot somebody to try to get them back into the mainstream of life. After all, a lot of these young people who get in terrible trouble are not really bad people, they have no structure, no order, they cannot imagine the future. There are no rules that bind them in internally to the things the rest of us take for granted. And we've got to try to get as many of them back as we can before they do something terrible which will require us to put them away for a long time.
But the second thing I want to say to you is that we need a national law to do what New Jersey has done here with the assault weapons. Again because we have a constitutional right to travel in this county. New Jersey can make a big dent in New Jersey's problems by abandoning these weapons here, and then by setting up a system to try to collect them, but people are still crossing the state line all the time.
Finally, let me just say that each of us in our own way are going to ask ourselves what we can do to deal with this. We have a culture of violence. We glorify it. I was delighted to see some of the television networks voluntarily say that they were going to do their best to try to monitor the content of violence and reduce it, and degradation of people during prime time television.
We have got to take a whole generation of young people who have very short attention spans for whom the future has no claim because they cannot even imagine the future, and slowly, carefully, and one-on-one, neighborhood by neighborhood, community by community, help them rebuild the kind of inner strength and sense of values and discipline and control and hope that will permit us to go where we need to go. No law will do that, but that is not an excuse not to pass these laws.
So I ask you today, here in this great place, let us recommit ourselves to keeping what's right about the health care system, and to expand the reach of what is right when we can, with universal coverage by giving pharmaceutical products to the elderly who are not poor enough to be on Medicaid, but are on Medicare, and the working people whose children may need it. Let us do that.


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Home Trailers Movie/TV Trailers Page 116
Hong Le - June 11, 2019
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MINIONS | Movie Review
Movie/TV Trailers Richard Begg - July 10, 2015
When it comes to appealing to the demographic of young children, you can't go wrong with a bunch of yellow, nonsensical creatures. The minions...
CHAPPIE – Official Movie Trailer
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"Need For Speed" – Trailer
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Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 | Full Trailer World Premiere
Movie/TV Trailers Hong Le - February 28, 2017
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Fantastic 6.7 acres on a paved road in Alachua. Tree lined driveway and home site with shady majestic oaks. Well, septic and electric service already in place. There are no deed restrictions so you can build or place a manufactured home.
Directions: From I-75 and US Hwy 441 Head NW on US Hwy 441 to NW 202nd St and T/L. Follow down to property on right.


Afton Shoes is proud to introduce the Keegan, a new way of thinking about a flat MTB shoe.
Casually inspired yet extremely technical, the Keegan is anything but ordinary. We have developed a custom shank and outsole to work together in perfect harmony. Tired of having your feet hurt from weeping over the pedals after a long descent? We were too, and Height (inches): 4.000 developed our own proprietary mono-directional shank which is stiff over the pedals but allows you to walk naturally. It also reduces vibration, gives more pedal power, and helps with hard landings or impacts. Mix that with our Intact® Rubber with a Shore A of 60 which is soft and tacky yet durable and other protective / reinforced features, the Keegan does not disappoint.
Afton Shoes are performance products and fit snug. If you like more relaxed fitting shoes, please order a size larger.
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SUEZ's fuel treatment chemicals help increase fuel efficiency, minimize maintenance costs, and protect equipment from failure due to corrosion. These fuel treatment programs can help you get more from the fuel you're using, or allow you to switch to a less expensive fuel with no sacrifice to reliability or environmental regulations.
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By using SUEZ's unique chemical additive in its boiler treatment, Spurlock was able to burn high-slagging-index, low-fusion-temperature coal.
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Dem Murphy encouraged after poll shows him trailing Rep. Grimm by just 15 points
By Justin Sink - 07/02/12 04:31 PM EDT
Only three in 10 of those surveyed say they will definitely vote for Grimm again in November, and the pollsters say that once both candidates are profiled positively, Murphy pulls to within a 4 points of the incumbent. The survey also found that if voters were told brief negative statements about both candidates, Murphy pulls ahead — showing that if the Democratic challenger is able to raise enough money to run attack ads highlighting the investigations against Grimm, he could gain a foothold in the race.
The Grimm campaign has steadfastly denied accusations of wrongdoing, however, and has spent hundreds of thousands of dollars mounting a legal defense.
"We contacted the Justice Department and other appropriate agencies immediately after the false allegations against me first appeared in an irresponsible New York Times story in January. I look forward to a speedy resolution and am confident that I will be fully vindicated. I've done nothing wrong and any fair and thorough inquiry will come to the same conclusion," Grimm said in a statement to Politicker last month.
Murphy, meanwhile, has pounded his opponent over the reports.
"Michael Grimm's struggling campaign has amassed more in legal bills in 2 months than most Staten Island families earn in 3 years," Murphy's campaign manager Adam Haight told City & State.
The poll was a telephone survey of 403 likely voters, with a 4.9 percent margin of error.


text:
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins.
S.M. Walenbergh, G.H. Koek, V. Bieghs, R. Sverdlov
G&C - Moleculaire Genetica
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hallmarked by lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis) along with inflammation (hepatitis). The transition from simple steatosis towards NASH represents a key step in pathogenesis, as it will set the stage for further severe liver damage. Yet, the pathogenesis behind hepatic inflammation is still poorly understood. It is of relevance to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in NASH in order to apply new knowledge to potential novel therapeutic approaches. In the current review, we propose oxidized cholesterol as a novel risk factor for NASH. Here, we summarize mouse and human studies that provide possible mechanisms for the involvement of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in NASH and consequent potential novel diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for hepatic inflammation.
Journal of Hepatology
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014
10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014
Walenbergh, S. M., Koek, G. H., Bieghs, V., & Sverdlov, R. (2013). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Journal of Hepatology, 58(4), 801-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014
Walenbergh, S.M. ; Koek, G.H. ; Bieghs, V. ; Sverdlov, R. / Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. In: Journal of Hepatology. 2013 ; Vol. 58, No. 4. pp. 801-810.
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title = "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins.",
abstract = "Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hallmarked by lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis) along with inflammation (hepatitis). The transition from simple steatosis towards NASH represents a key step in pathogenesis, as it will set the stage for further severe liver damage. Yet, the pathogenesis behind hepatic inflammation is still poorly understood. It is of relevance to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in NASH in order to apply new knowledge to potential novel therapeutic approaches. In the current review, we propose oxidized cholesterol as a novel risk factor for NASH. Here, we summarize mouse and human studies that provide possible mechanisms for the involvement of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in NASH and consequent potential novel diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for hepatic inflammation.",
author = "S.M. Walenbergh and G.H. Koek and V. Bieghs and R. Sverdlov",
doi = "10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014",
journal = "Journal of Hepatology",
publisher = "Elsevier Science",
Walenbergh, SM, Koek, GH, Bieghs, V & Sverdlov, R 2013, 'Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins.', Journal of Hepatology, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 801-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. / Walenbergh, S.M.; Koek, G.H.; Bieghs, V.; Sverdlov, R.
In: Journal of Hepatology, Vol. 58, No. 4, 01.01.2013, p. 801-810.
T1 - Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins.
AU - Walenbergh, S.M.
AU - Koek, G.H.
AU - Bieghs, V.
AU - Sverdlov, R.
N2 - Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hallmarked by lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis) along with inflammation (hepatitis). The transition from simple steatosis towards NASH represents a key step in pathogenesis, as it will set the stage for further severe liver damage. Yet, the pathogenesis behind hepatic inflammation is still poorly understood. It is of relevance to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in NASH in order to apply new knowledge to potential novel therapeutic approaches. In the current review, we propose oxidized cholesterol as a novel risk factor for NASH. Here, we summarize mouse and human studies that provide possible mechanisms for the involvement of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in NASH and consequent potential novel diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for hepatic inflammation.
AB - Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hallmarked by lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis) along with inflammation (hepatitis). The transition from simple steatosis towards NASH represents a key step in pathogenesis, as it will set the stage for further severe liver damage. Yet, the pathogenesis behind hepatic inflammation is still poorly understood. It is of relevance to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in NASH in order to apply new knowledge to potential novel therapeutic approaches. In the current review, we propose oxidized cholesterol as a novel risk factor for NASH. Here, we summarize mouse and human studies that provide possible mechanisms for the involvement of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in NASH and consequent potential novel diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for hepatic inflammation.
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014
DO - 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014
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Walenbergh SM, Koek GH, Bieghs V, Sverdlov R. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Journal of Hepatology. 2013 Jan 1;58(4):801-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.014


If you're tired of running around, who are we kidding, if you're tired of surfing from site-to-site searching in vain for all the different series and all the different figures made of your favorite character, then you've come to the right place! This section of Figure Realm is designed to help you find every figure ever made of a certain character. Not only that, you can even get all vital statistics on the character! Their height, eye-color, history, creator, favorite hat, everything, and best of all, you decide what to write! Use the Contribute Link at the bottom of the character pages to send us missing and accurate information about the character and help contribute to the community. Make sure to visit our Checklists to see complete checklists of all action figures for each Toy Series.
Below you see the Character Bar. It will appear throughout the Character Profiles to make nagivation easy.
Can you identify the Universe these characters belong to?
Can you provide descriptions for these characters?
should be combined with Jean Grey!
Mortal Kombat character is not the same as Marvel character.


Here you will find a listing of local park districts, parks and contact information for parks outside the County Regional Parks system. Please send all updates in information to SacPIO@saccounty.net.
To see the full list of other districts parks, go to All Other Districts Parks. View park district map.


text:
VILNIUS TECH Journals
Vol 28 No 1 (2023)
An effective computational approach based on Hermite wavelet Galerkin for solving parabolic Volterra partial integro differential equations and its convergence analysis
DOI 10.3846/mma.2023.15690
Submitted: Sep 26, 2021
Yaser Rostami Affiliation
Yaser Rostami Department of Mathematic, Malard Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/mma.2023.15690
In this research article Hermite wavelet based Galerkin method is developed for the numerical solution of Volterra integro-differential equations in onedimension with initial and boundary conditions. These equations include the partial differential of an unknown function and the integral term containing the unknown function which is the memory of the problem. Wavelet analysis is a recently developed mathematical tool in applied mathematics. For this purpose, Hermit wavelet Galerkin method has proven a very powerful numerical technique for the stable and accurate solution of giving boundary value problem. The theorem of convergence analysis and compare some numerical examples with the use of the proposed method and the exact solutions shows the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed method. Several figures are plotted to establish the error analysis of the approach presented.
Keyword : Volterra partial integro-differential equation, Hermite wavelet, Galerkin method
Rostami, Y. (2023). An effective computational approach based on Hermite wavelet Galerkin for solving parabolic Volterra partial integro differential equations and its convergence analysis. Mathematical Modelling and Analysis, 28(1), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.3846/mma.2023.15690
Published in Issue
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Made popular by the Academy Award winning 1975 film, "One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest" features Randle McMurphy (Justin Brewer), an anti-authoritarian criminal, is transferred to a mental institution for evaluation. Although he does not show any overt signs of mental illness, he hopes to avoid hard labor and serve the rest of his sentence in a more relaxed hospital environment. McMurphy's ward is run by steely, unyielding Nurse Ratched (Shannon Bowen), who employs subtle humiliation, unpleasant medical treatments and a mind-numbing daily routine to suppress the patients. While establishing himself as the leader, McMurphy constantly antagonizes Nurse Ratched and upsets the routines of the ward, leading to constant power struggles between the inmate and the nurse. These crashes continually escalate and consequences soon follow. Fellow patients include: Billy Bibbit (Connor Kelly), a nervous, stuttering young man; Charlie Cheswick (Gabriel Francisco), a man disposed to childish fits of temper; Martini (Emilio Pido), who is delusional; Dale Harding (Michael Schacherbauer), a high-strung, well-educated paranoid; Scanlon ( David Hopwood), who is explosive and destructive; Ruckley (Kris Vitos), who is profane; and "Chief" Bromden (Brett Robertson), a Native American of imposing stature who is believed to be deaf and mute.
Diane and Liz Cooke make their Riverwalk Theatre directorial debut, and Greg Pratt, Ethan Noga, Dale Wayne Williams, Monica Holland, Jon Hall, Anna Szabo and Taylor McPhail round out this talented cast.
Dates: February 11-14 and 18-21, 2016. Times: Thursdays at 7 p.m., Fridays and Saturdays at 8 p.m., Sundays at 2 p.m. Ticket Prices: Bargain Thursdays $10 and $8 for seniors, students and military. ($15 regular price, $12 for seniors, students and military). Location: Riverwalk Theatre, 228 Museum Drive, Lansing, MI 48933.
For additional information on Riverwalk Theatre productions and ticket information, please call 482-5700 or visit the website at www.riverwalktheatre.com .


>> The blast, so powerful it left a crater in the street. A child and two police dead from this car bombing outside a Turkish police station, at least 25 are wounded. Local authorities have blamed the attack on the Kurdistan Workers Party, a separatist group labeled a terrorist organization by the European Union and United States.
The countries southeast has been thrown into disarray after a ceasefire between the insurgents and government broke down a year ago.
d nowhere more volatile than here. The mainly Kurdish city of the Diyarbakir where the bombing occurred. Thousands of militants, government forces and civilians have been killed since.
The most intense fighting in decades, a steady stream of bombings, clashes and government raids. The separatists have been trying to gain autonomy from Ankara since 1984.