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Successful management of absent sternum in an infant using porcine acellular dermal matrix
Roy Alfred Semlacher, Muhammand A.K. Nuri
DOI : https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2018.00829
Arch Plast Surg > Epub ahead of print
Semlacher and Nuri: Successful management of absent sternum in an infant using porcine acellular dermal matrix
Archives of Plastic Surgery 2019;aps.2018.00829.
Published online: April 11, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2018.00829
Roy Alfred Semlacher1 , Muhammand A.K. Nuri2
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital & Health Network, MultiCare Health System, Tacoma, WA, USA
2Seattle Children's and Mary Bridge Children's Regional Cardiac Surgery Program, Tacoma, WA, USA
Correspondence: Roy Alfred Semlacher Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, 316 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Suite 314, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
Tel: +1-253-403-2120 Fax: +1-253-403-2654 E-mail: rsemlacher@multicare.org
The authors thank Tyler Seick (Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma, WA, USA) for assist of surgery.
Received July 10, 2018 Revised October 26, 2018 Accepted December 15, 2018
Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Congenital absent sternum is a rare birth defect that requires early intervention for optimal long-term outcomes. Descriptions of the repair of absent sternum are limited to case reports, and no preferred method for management has been described. Herein, we describe the use of porcine acellular dermal matrix to reconstruct the sternum of an infant with sternal infection following attempted repair using synthetic mesh. The patient was a full-term male with trisomy 21, agenesis of corpus callosum, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, right-sided aortic arch, and congenital absence of sternum with no sternal bars. Following removal of the infected synthetic mesh, negative pressure wound therapy with instillation was used to manage the open wound and provide direct antibiotic therapy. When blood Creactive protein levels declined to ≤2 mg/L, the sternum was reconstructed using porcine acellular dermal matrix. At 21 months postoperative, the patient demonstrated no respiratory issues. Physical examination and computed tomography imaging identified good approximation of the clavicular heads and sternal cleft and forward curvature of the ribs. This case illustrates the benefits of negative pressure wound therapy and acellular dermal matrix for the reconstruction of absent sternum in the context of infected sternal surgical site previously repaired with synthetic mesh.
Keywords: Sternum / Acellular dermis / Surgical mesh / Thoracic surgery / Negative pressure wound therapy
Complete congenital sternal cleft, also called absent sternum, is a very rare and potentially life-threatening birth defect. The condition involves the lack of bone between hyoid and pubis and often co-occurs with a variety of other abnormalities of midline fusion [1,2]. The absence of a sternum introduces multiple risks to the patient, including mediastinal injury, hypothermia, insensible fluid losses, and respiratory and hemodynamic sequelae [1]. The condition can be diagnosed prenatally or at birth. Early intervention is preferred, while the thoracic cage remains compliant, to protect the heart and mediastinal structures and support thoracic function. Long-term management may require further reconstruction with autologous tissues to support normal growth.
Published experience with absent sternum is limited to sparse case reports, and no preferred method for management has been described [1,2]. In this report, we describe the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to manage absent sternum in a full-term infant, despite infection of previously placed synthetic mesh. Sternal reconstruction, in the presence of infection, was required because the patient could not be weaned from high-flow oxygen due to unstable pulmonary mechanics.
Consent to publish the case report was obtained from the patient's family. This report does not contain any personal information that could lead to the identification of the patient.
The patient was a full-term male with a diagnosis of trisomy 21, agenesis of corpus callosum, small restrictive ventricular septal defect, large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), right-sided aortic arch, and congenital absence of sternum with no sternal bars (Fig. 1). Follow-up echocardiogram demonstrated spontaneous closure of the PDA.
On day 10 post-birth, the patient underwent sternal stabilization with a synthetic repair material (Physiomesh; Ethicon, Bridgewater, NJ, USA), which was sutured to ribs 2 to 5 bilaterally and the superior aspect of the rectus abdominus. Bilateral pectoralis major flaps were elevated. Because the left pectoralis major was insufficient to cross the midline, a bovine pericardial patch was used to bridge the medial borders of the pectoralis muscles.
Initially, the patient responded well. However, on postoperative day (POD) 13, the patient developed a clinical infection with fluctuance over the left anterior shoulder. Cultures identified methicillinsensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Infectious disease consult initiated vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam and recommended removal of the synthetic mesh used for sternal reconstruction.
On POD 21, the synthetic mesh and bovine pericardium were removed and mediastinal exploration was performed. Negative-pressure wound therapy using the V.A.C. (KCI; Acelity Co., San Antonio, TX, USA) was used to manage and protect the open wound. Intraoperative cultures were positive for MSSA.
On POD 24, the patient was taken back to operating room and negative-pressure wound therapy was applied using the V.A.C. VERAFLO (KCI; Acelity Co.), which has both negative-pressure and instillation capabilities. The device was programmed to instill 6 mL of a rifampin-gentamycin solution, which was left in place for 5 minutes and then evacuated, followed by re-initiation of negative pressure therapy. This cycle was repeated every 4 hours. At this time, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was 6.0 mg/L.
On POD 30, the patient underwent sternal reconstruction with rifampin-impregnated porcine ADM (Strattice; Allergan plc, Madison, NJ, USA). A surgical plane was developed between the rib heads and the pericardium on both sides. Bilateral pectoralis major myocutaneous were raised laterally to the midclavicular level. Sutures (4.0 PDS-plus) were then placed in the ribs and through the ADM in a horizontal mattress fashion, placing the ADM in an underlay position between the pericardium and the ribs. The bilateral pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps were readvanced and approximated in the midline with 4.0 PDS-plus sutures placed at the muscle fascia- subcutaneous junction. By POD 45, all antibiotics were discontinued; CRP level was 0.3 mg/L. The patient was discharged on POD 51.
At 21 months POD, the patient demonstrated no clinical concerns, including no respiratory issues and was requiring no supplemental oxygen. The infant was sitting but had not started crawling. Examination identified a 1.5-cm gap between the clavicular heads at the superior aspect of the sternum, with good approximation of the sternal cleft in the inferior aspect. Computed tomography imaging, 9 months post-sternal reconstruction, demonstrated forward curvature of ribs as would occur normally in the presence of a sternum (Fig. 2). Plain photography at 3 years after the ADM procedure showed full healing and normal chest development (Fig. 3).
Complete sternal cleft, also called absent sternum, is an uncommon form of the rare congenital sternal cleft abnormalities. Although absent sternum can occur in isolation, it is often associated with a variety of other midline abnormalities, such as Cantrell's pentalogy. In the current case, the patient had multiple congenital abnormalities, including trisomy 21, agenesis of corpus callosum, a small restrictive ventricular septal defect, right-sided aortic arch, and a large PDA, which resolved spontaneously. Repair of the sternal deficit in patients with absent sternum is required to protect mediastinal structures and support thoracic function.
The description and management of absent sternum is limited to case reports in the literature. Reported methods of repair include primary approximation (i.e., suturing the proximal ends of the ribs across the midline), sliding or rotating chondrotomies, and reconstructions using autogenous tissues or prosthetic repair materials [2-4]. Because of age-related changes in thoracic compliance and advances in neonatal surgery, correction of the sternal deficit should be attempted as early as possible. In neonates, for example, the sternal bars (if present) can easily be approximated with simple sutures, as the thoracic cage remains highly compliant at this age. However, the complete absence of sternal bars, as in the current case, may dictate the need for more advanced techniques to achieve closure of the thorax.
Previous case reports have described the use of synthetic repair materials to repair partial or complete sternal clefts [4-6]. In the current case, initial sternal reconstruction was attempted using a composite synthetic mesh (Physiomesh) composed of a nonabsorbable, macroporous polypropylene mesh laminated between two layers of absorbable mesh. The advantages of synthetic repair materials have been described in other fields of surgery, most notably hernia repair. These materials are relatively inexpensive, demonstrate good tensile strength, and provide permanent (nonabsorbable mesh) or temporary (absorbable mesh) support for repair of tissue deficits. However, synthetic repair materials typically require removal in the setting of infection and are often avoided in patients at high risk for infection [7-9]. The synthetic mesh used in this case became infected with MSSA and required removal. Previous case studies have also reported the removal of infected synthetic mesh following repair of cleft sternum [6].
Unlike synthetic mesh, biologic repair materials, including the porcine ADM used in this case, consist of extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from biologic tissues, which fosters remodeling of the prosthesis. The ECM in these materials supports the migration of native cells into the prosthesis, the ingrowth of blood vessels, and incorporation of the prosthesis into the surgical site. Of relevance to the current case, the high level of infiltration of biologic repair materials by blood vessels and immune cells means that these prostheses often can be managed without removal in the setting of infection and are generally preferred for cases with high infection risk [7-11].
The current case illustrates these advantages of biologic repair materials. When the synthetic repair material became infected, the mesh was fully removed and the wound was managed with negative pressure wound therapy (V.A.C.), followed by a device that provides both negative-pressure wound therapy and antibiotic instillation into the wound (V.A.C. VERAFLO). These devices create a negative-pressure environment at the wound site, which holds the incision edges together, reduces lateral tension and edema, stimulates perfusion, enhances the development of granulation tissue, reduces bacterial colonization of wound tissues, protects the surgical site from external infectious sources, and prepares the wound surface for the acceptance of skin grafts when needed [12-14]. The use of negative-pressure wound therapy for the management of deep sternal wounds is a relatively new technique that has been associated with good outcomes in adults following sternotomy [15]. The benefit of the V.A.C. VERAFLO in the current case were 2-fold. First, it stabilized the chest wall anteriorly, mimicking manubrial-clavicular stability and improving the patient's pulmonary function as a temporizing measure while preparing for reconstruction with ADM. Second, it allowed direct delivery of antibiotics to the infected wound, analogous to the antibiotics beads often used in orthopedics. There were no concerns of having the V.A.C. in place over the heart because the pericardium was intact.
The reason that ADM reconstruction was attempted despite deep sternal infection was that the patient required high-flow oxygen due to unstable pulmonary mechanics. Reconstruction was urgently needed to stabilize the patient's pulmonary function. The long-term benefits of ADM reconstruction in this case include the reapproximation of the rib heads and support for the development of natural rib curvature. Because of this reapproximation of normal anatomy, autologous tissues may be used if additional sternal reconstruction is required to support further growth and development, potentially simplifying future procedures.
Following the application of negative pressure wound therapy and direct wound irrigation with antibiotics (along with systemic antibiotics), the patient's CRP fell from 6 to 2 mg/L. Once the end point of CRP ≤2 mg/L was reached, the sternal deficit was reconstructed using porcine ADM, which was soaked in rifampin. The wound healed without further complications, demonstrating key benefits of biological repair materials: adequate strength for closure of a sternal deficit and utility in the setting of a contaminated/infected wound.
In conclusion, complete congenital sternal cleft is a rare abnormality that requires closure to protect the mediastinal structures and support thoracic function. The authors utilized negative pressure therapy to stabilize pulmonary function, which facilitated weaning the patient from high-flow nasal cannula, along with direct antibiotic wound irrigation and systemic antibiotics preparing the wound for closure. Timing of wound closure was determined by CRP level. Porcine ADM was then used to successfully manage absent sternum in an infant with an infected sternal surgical site previously repaired with synthetic mesh.
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Ethical approval
The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained.
Patient consent
The patient's family provided written informed consent for the publication and the use of his images.
Conceptualization, writing original draft. Semlacher RA. Writing review and editing. Nuri MA.
Thoracic CT showing absent sternum before reconstruction
(A) Computed tomography (CT) and (B) 3-dimensional reconstruction of patient's thoracic cage at age 3 days, before sternal reconstruction. Note absence of sternum and open shape of thoracic cage, with left and right ribs in parallel, rather than curved.
Thoracic CT 9 months after sternal reconstruction
(A) Computed tomography (CT) image and (B) 3-dimensional reconstruction of patient's thoracic cage 9 months after sternal reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix. Note normal anterior curvature of ribs, as would occur in the presence of a sternum.
Patient at 3 years after sternal reconstruction
Photograph of patient 3 years after acellular dermal matrix-based sternal reconstruction. The wound has fully healed and the thoracic cage shows normal structure and development.
1. Torre M, Rapuzzi G, Carlucci M, et al. Phenotypic spectrum and management of sternal cleft: literature review and presentation of a new series. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012;41:4–9.
2. Sarper A, Oz N, Arslan G, et al. Complete congenital sternal cleft associated with pectus excavatum. Tex Heart Inst J 2002;29:206–9.
3. Suri RK, Sharma RK, Jha NK, et al. Complete congenital sternal cleft in an adult: repair by autogenous tissues. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;62:573–5.
4. Kohli V, Nooreyazdan S, Das BN, et al. Surgical reconstruction for absence of sternum and pericardium in a newborn. Indian J Pediatr 2006;73:367–8.
5. Al-Yamani M, Lavrand F, Thambo JB, et al. Upper sternal cleft with a complex congenital heart defect: repair in a single stage. Ann Thorac Surg 2016;101:760–2.
6. Olthof PB, Colenbrander DA, Van Der Kuip M, et al. Mesh-repaired complete sternal cleft complicated by multi-resistant bacterial infection. APSP J Case Rep 2014;5:30.
7. Paton BL, Novitsky YW, Zerey M, et al. Management of infections of polytetrafluoroethylene-based mesh. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2007;8:337–41.
8. de Vries Reilingh TS, van Goor H, Charbon JA, et al. Repair of giant midline abdominal wall hernias: "components separation technique" versus prosthetic repair: interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial. World J Surg 2007;31:756–63.
9. Szczerba SR, Dumanian GA. Definitive surgical treatment of infected or exposed ventral hernia mesh. Ann Surg 2003;237:437–41.
10. Diaz JJ Jr, Guy J, Berkes MB, et al. Acellular dermal allograft for ventral hernia repair in the compromised surgical field. Am Surg 2006;72:1181–7.
11. Ventral Hernia Working Group; Breuing K, Butler CE, et al. Incisional ventral hernias: review of the literature and recommendations regarding the grading and technique of repair. Surgery 2010;148:544–58.
12. Gupta S. Optimal use of negative pressure wound therapy for skin grafts. Int Wound J 2012;9 Suppl 1:40–7.
13. Atkins BZ, Tetterton JK, Petersen RP, et al. Laser Doppler flowmetry assessment of peristernal perfusion after cardiac surgery: beneficial effect of negative pressure therapy. Int Wound J 2011;8:56–62.
14. Colli A, Camara ML. First experience with a new negative pressure incision management system on surgical incisions after cardiac surgery in high risk patients. J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;6:160.
15. Ennker IC, Malkoc A, Pietrowski D, et al. The concept of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) after poststernotomy mediastinitis: a single center experience with 54 patients. J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;4:5.
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Home > Arts & Life > Lights, camera, Mountain
Lights, camera, Mountain
Quinnipiac selected as location for Mountainfilm world tour
By Adrianna Lovegrove on April 3, 2018
The Mountainfilm festival travels year-round and worldwide to show the best short films selected from the annual festival in Telluride, Colorado. Every year, they present a multitude of showings, which are hosted by an assortment of organizations, corporations, schools and universities.
This year, Quinnipiac will host the film festival in the Mount Carmel Auditorium on April 4 at 7 p.m. The festival will "enrich the filmmaking efforts by the students and faculty within the school," according to the Mountainfilm website.
"I think it's a great opportunity and it shows the larger emphasis that they are putting towards the film program," President of the Quinnipiac Film Society Connor Carey said. "It's kind of putting us on the map to have such an event. People are kind of taking notice how good our film program actually is."
Because the festival allows for the vendor to choose the price of tickets, Quinnipiac will allow students free admission into the event.
"Our fee-based structure gives local organizers the ability to set ticket prices, sell local sponsorship packages and conduct raffles to achieve financial and fundraising goals," the Mountainfilm website said.
The film organization provides the event with a presenter who walks the audience through the films, often adding in personal accounts of their experiences with the filmmakers.
Quinnipiac's presenter will be Jessica Galbo. Galbo worked extensively with Mountainfilm as their assistant tour director and director of education programs. She currently works as the choreographer for the Telluride Aids Benefit Fashion Show and is a presenter for Mountainfilm on Tour.
Mountainfilm on Tour is able to reach over 70,000 people in over 150 locations across the world, according to its website. Its intent is to help spread filmmakers' inspiring content to those who wouldn't normally have the opportunity, by bringing the festival to them.
Mountainfilm features documentaries on environmental issues, adventures, politics and humanitarian causes. Over 100 films were selected to be shown in the 2017 annual festival in Telluride last May. Of those feature presentations, 13 will be screened on April 4.
Now playing at Mountainfilm…
A film which follows a man who continues to pursue his dream of mountain biking after losing his leg during his battle with cancer. "If I don't ride a bike, I will lose my mind. It's because I need to find that spiritual place, that spiritual channel on the trail," Wilson said. The director Simon Perkins' interest in film started during his time as a a fly-fishing and bird-hunting guide in Vermont.
After being thrown out of her car windshield at 80 and surviving a stroke at 85, Yvonne Dowlen continues to ice skate everyday at 90 years old. "It is easier to skate than walk," Dowlen said in the film. "You push with one foot and you stand on the other one. And you don't have to keep moving your feet all the time." The nine minute film reflects on the decades of elegance she showed on the ice.
"Joe Lahout"
The movie is named after the man who owns America's oldest ski shop, Joe Lahout. The film is described as "the story of an old-timer who still believes in skiing's simple roots: speed, freedom, and the great outdoors," the synopsis of the movie read. The movie was directed by Nick Martini who grew up outside of Boston, Mass. but spent his childhood skiing in Northern New Hampshire.
"Denali's Raven"
Leighan Falley travels through the Alaskan range with her daughter Skye buckled into the backseat of her de Havilland Beaver, a single propellor plane. Following a long line of aviators, Falley now works as a commercial pilot to meet her desire to capture breathtaking landscapes. She finds inspiration from the women she works alongside with everyday. Denali's Raven peeks in to the life of an Alaskan pilot, skier, hiker and mother.
"The Time Travelers"
The U.S. Men's rafting team decided they were going to try and break the speed record for 277 miles of the Colorado RIver through the Grand Canyon in only 34 hours. The mission demanded the team to design and build a 48-foot-long raft, swapping out paddles for oars and intense training for eight months. The film follows their journey as they attempt to beat the odds.
"Zain's Summer: From Refugee to American Boy"
Zain and his family fled Pakistan to start a new and American life, free from violence and persecution. The film follows the young boy as he joins a six-month summer program that helps prepare young immigrants for the start of school in the United States.
Visit mountainfilm.org for the full list and summaries of films on tour this year.
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About Adrianna Lovegrove

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Injured at work: How the employee-employer relationship affects the right to sue
Ontario Auto Insurance: What are we paying for?
Automobile, Insurance
2016 Helmets on Kids campaign kicks off in Toronto
Association News, Safety
The End of Limitation Periods for Ontario Sexual Abuse Cases
Every Dog Has its Day: Hopefully Not in Court
Stay safe on your motorcycle this spring
Renovations Beware and Take Extra Care!
Insurance, Personal Injury
Plaintiff Privacy: Personal Information Collected for Trial
Optional Benefits: A Necessity
D.O.N.T.: OTLA supports province-wide campaign targeting distracted drivers
New Laws Likely Insufficient in Preventing Pedestrian Deaths
Ontario insurers continue to profit from victims of arson
Ontario to Provide Counselling Compensation for Traumatized Jurors
CPSO Transparency: By-Law Amendment a Step in the Right Direction
Evans v. Canusa Automotive Warehousing Inc., 2015 ONSC 6406 (CanLII)
Written by Michael Ettedgui / Summaries / October 22, 2015
Released October 16, 2015 | CanLII
This endorsement on costs concerns the plaintiffs' effort to escape an adverse costs award after their action was dismissed following the defendants' successful summary judgement motion. The plaintiffs requested there be no cost order on the basis of their impecuniosity, which they sought to substantiate by filing an affidavit stating they had accumulated debt and tax liabilities in excess of $260,000.00. In the alternative, the plaintiffs sought an order allowing them, to pay $100.00 per month until the conclusion of another action in which they were involved. The plaintiffs were unsuccessful and costs were ordered against them.
Emery J., explained that the general rule regarding costs is that they follow the event. Citing Fong v. Chan, 1999 CanLII 2052 (ON CA) ("Fong"), he explained this is so in order to meet three purposes:
to indemnify successful litigants for the cost of the litigation;
to encourage settlements; and
to discourage and sanction inappropriate behavior by litigants.
When economic hardship is considered, however, the authorities are divided. In Myers v. Toronto (Metropolitan) Police Force [1995] O.J. No. 1321 (Div. Ct.), it was stated,
Because of the importance of avoiding a situation in which litigants without means could ignore the rules of the court, the trial judge acted reasonably in refusing to take into account the impecuniosity of the plaintiff.
In Baksh v. Sun Media,(Toronto) Corp., 2003 CarswellOnt 24, Master Dash stated:
For orders of the court to have any meaning they must be enforced. I am not satisfied by cogent evidence that the plaintiff is impecunious. Even if I were so satisfied, a party should not be able to set up his own impecuniosity as a shield against costs sanctions. To allow that would mean that a plaintiff could bring, resist, or appeal motions with no fear of consequences, and would emasculate the powers provided in rules 57.03(2) and 60.12…
On the other hand, in Baines v. Linett&Timmis Barristers & Solicitors, 2014 ONSC 3165 (CanLII), Perell J. refused to order costs against an impecunious party, writing,
I see no purpose to be served in the circumstances of this case in making a notional or symbolic costs award that, practically speaking, cannot be paid but gives lip service to the normal rule that the successful party is entitled to costs.
Finally, the Court in Sutherland v. Manulife Financial, 2011 ONSC 1170 (CanLII) reviewed the law concerning costs awards against impecunious parties and held such awards should be "rare".
In this case, the plaintiffs' claims were considered "ill-conceived and unfounded at law." Further, they were "relatively sophisticated in business matters." Under these circumstances, Emery J. felt they were "prepared to litigate without regard to costs" and granting their request would require ignoring the first and third principles set out in Fong.
#costs #debt #impecunious plaintiff
Michael Ettedgui
Michael practices exclusively in the field of personal injury law at Campisi LLP.
Michael was called to the Bar in 2014. He received his law degree from Osgoode Hall Law School, where he participated in various programs geared towards access to justice and practical legal education. In particular, Michael volunteered with unrepresented litigants at family court and was the student co-ordinator of Osgoode Hall's Pro Bono Students Canada chapter.
When he is not working, Michael enjoys spending time with his wife and three young children.


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No Fault Divorce Coming to England and Wales
by Jackie Jessiman, Senior Associate, Family Law
Divorce laws are set to get their first overhaul in over 50 years. A Bill has recently made it through the House of Commons that will introduce no fault divorce for the first time in England and Wales, bringing about a change that aims to decrease conflict at this stressful and difficult time.
Currently, a person seeking a divorce is required to prove that unreasonable behaviour, adultery or desertion has occurred. This need for a 'guilty' party can sometimes lead to conflict where there was none and increased animosity between the divorcing spouses.
Many family lawyers believe that this requirement of assigning blame during divorce proceedings is counterproductive, Resolution, a body of family lawyers, have run a years-long campaign for a no fault divorce that will allow couples to decide that their marriage has come to an end without the need to assign fault to one of the parties.
The recent case of Owens v Owens bought increased attention to this matter and was followed with interest by lawyers, judges and ministers alike as it made its way through the appeal courts to the Supreme Court. The Petitioner, Tini Owens, urged the Supreme Court "please release me" arguing that she should not be expected to remain with her husband of 38 years. The couple have been separated for three years and there is no prospect that they will ever live together again.
It is currently possible for someone to petition for divorce without assigning blame, but this is only possible after two years (with the consent of their spouse) or five years (if their spouse does not agree). As Owens did not consent to the divorce, Mrs Owens had to petition on the grounds of unreasonable behaviour, a claim which Mr Owens defended, which led to court hearings to prove the particulars of the unreasonable behaviour.
In the Owens case, at least 100 examples of Mr Owens' behaviour were pleaded, yet the Court still refused to allow the divorce, finding Mrs Owen's examples not unreasonable enough for a divorce to be granted. For this reason, many divorce petitioners tend to 'beef up' their examples of unreasonable behaviour in order to ensure the divorce goes through the court. This flies in the face of family law protocol, which seeks to minimise conflict by agreement wherever possible at every stage of the divorce process.
Some argue that the two years separation with consent or five years separation without consent does give couples a no fault divorce. In practice, however, these grounds are rarely used because of the time requirements that they impose. Tini Owens first petitioned for divorce in 2015 and being required to wait for 5 years before she can finally move on with her life seems to be an unfair condition to impose on a person who just wishes to end their marriage.
Changes to Come
However, in part due to the Owens case, things are due to change. As of 25 June 2020, Royal Assent has been given to the Divorce, Dissolution and Separation Bill and this will overhaul the divorce process when it is introduced into law in Autumn 2021. Major changes that will be coming include:
Irretrievable breakdown of a marriage will now be the sole ground for divorce and there will be no facts of behaviour or period of separation needed to prove that the marriage has irretrievably broken down.
The new laws will introduce a minimum timeframe of 6 months from petition stage to final divorce. It will take 20 weeks to get from the petition stage to decree nisi and a further 6 weeks from the decree nisi before a decree absolute is granted. This does mean that divorces will take on average 6 weeks longer than they currently do.
For the first time, divorcing spouses will be able to jointly apply for a divorce. This will not be a requirement, the option for one person to initiate divorce proceedings will be retained and it will also no longer be possible to contest a divorce.
Had these laws been in place when Tini Owens first petitioned for divorce, her husband would not have been able to prevent the divorce from taking place and she would not have gone through the arduous process of defended divorce. The lawyer who represented Mrs Owens during her case said.
"This announcement is welcomed by Tini Owens, in particular. She hopes that no-one else will have to go through the long and painful process she has had to endure, as required by the current law. She looks forward to new divorce law which is fit for the 21st century."
The Family Law team have previously written articles on Owens vs Owens here and here.
Find out more about Jackie Jessiman
Find out more about the divorce services available at Fraser Dawbarns
This article aims to supply general information, but it is not intended to constitute advice. Every effort is made to ensure that the law referred to is correct at the date of publication and to avoid any statement which may mislead. However, no duty of care is assumed to any person and no liability is accepted for any omission or inaccuracy. Always seek our specific advice. Fraser Dawbarns LLP are always happy to provide such advice.


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Змагання з синхронного плавання на Чемпіонаті світу з водних видів спорту 1991 відбулися на  в Перті (Австралія).

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https://www.fina.org/sites/default/files/histofina_sy_final_2_0.pdf

Синхронне плавання
Артистичне плавання на чемпіонатах світу з водних видів спорту

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


On March 7, 2016, the City of Brandon submitted an application to the Public Utilities Board (PUB) for an increase in the City's 2016, 2017, & 2018 water and sewer utility rates.
The following table shows the City of Brandon water, sewer, and service charges.
For further information please call City of Brandon Utility Billing Section at (204) 729-2262 or e-mail water@brandon.ca.


Often I find that I need two or more Idea windows open at the same time working on the same code repository. Each will correspond to a different copy of, say, a subversion repository on my local drive. The easiest way for me to work on multiple tasks in parallel is just to check out the repository into multiple directories. For example, I'll have one copy which has the version of the code that's currently in QA, and I'll use that for quick bug fixes. I'll have another copy for new features, and maybe another for experimenting with new ideas.
What is the best way to configure my Idea projects so that it's easy to support this style of work? What I'm doing now is maintaining multiple projects that are essentially identical, except that they refer to different root directories. This is especially painful when trying to manage a large set of external jar files.
What I think would be ideal is a way to specify a shared project template which can be customized with a set of base directories corresponding to the different copies of the repository. What's the closest I can get to this?


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The Racing Spot / Formula 1
Brazilian Sliding Doors
If you go back to the very beginning of Formula 1, a round in Brazil would initially have seemed about as likely as a round in the Antarctic. But then the first Grand Prix arrived over there in 1973 and it's now an essential fixture on the calendar
Back in 1973 Emerson Fittipaldi had just won the first of his two world titles, with Lotus. The second one would come the following year, with McLaren. Following this revelation, which unleashed the sort of popular partisan support in the grandstands more usually associated with football (and we're talking about Brazilian football here, so truly manic levels of fandom…) there were two other drivers with green and gold passports who went on to inspire adoration from their fans: firstly Nelson Piquet, and then Ayrton Senna. Both champions, of course, whose destiny was linked with Pirelli. Piquet claimed his final win on Pirelli tyres, at the 1991 Canadian Grand Prix with Benetton. Senna made his world championship debut with Pirelli driving for Toleman in 1984.
Fittipaldi, Piquet, Senna: for more than 20 years these great Brazilians made the F1 circus dance to a samba beat, at more than 300kph. And it's been a winning samba as well: between the three of them they won 78 grands prix and eight world titles throughout 20 seasons from 1972 to 1991. In other words the Brazilians were on top for nearly half this unforgettable and emotional period of Formula 1, right up to that fateful May 1st in 1994, which snuffed out the life of both Ayrton Senna and the period of Brazilian domination in F1.
Brazil continues to be represented in Formula 1 by Felipe Massa: a driver who was meant to have retired this year, before the extraordinary turn of events that led to Nico Rosberg hanging up his helmet, Valtteri Bottas taking his place at Mercedes, and Massa cancelling his retirement to return to Williams. Whether this year will see the end to his F1 career is yet to be confirmed. But the Brazilian Grand Prix will always have bitter-sweet memories for Massa, as in 2008 he could so easily have become world champion there, adding to the legend of Brazilians in F1, had it not been for two incidents that deprived him of the title that was so tantalisingly within reach.
That year, Massa scored six of his 11 career wins. Five of them were condensed into what was practically just half a season: from Bahrain in April to Belgium at the beginning of September. That was Ferrari at its best in the post-Schumacher era: a Ferrari that was born competitive and then able to evolve at the crazy pace that was needed to keep up technically.
Then came Singapore: the very first race on the city-state street circuit, with its party atmosphere and dazzling lights to mark the very first night race in the history of Formula 1. Massa was perfect and did everything he had to do: taking pole position and making a great start to lead the race. Right up to the pit stops, that is: one of the most unfortunate stops in Ferrari history and probably one of the most unfortunate in the entirety of F1. It's impossible to forget the fuel hose stuck to the Ferrari after that fateful stop. And Felipe Massa, unaware, just went. Briefly. He soon came to a furious halt at the end of the pit lane after seeing that that the hose was spraying fuel everywhere – with all the associated risks in a crowded pit lane surrounded by machinery at high temperature. In the end, there was no fire and nobody was hurt. But all hopes of victory or even just points for the unfortunate Massa were gone.
The second 'sliding doors' moment of the cruel 2008 season came at the final race of the season, at home in Interlagos, where Felipe could literally smell the title. And again he did exactly what he needed to do and won the race convincingly. It was just a shame for him that sudden heavy rain – one of those thunderous showers that can so quickly transform Interlagos into a hazardous skating rink – meant that it all kicked off further down the field. Some way behind Massa was Alonso, Raikkonen and Vettel. Behind them in turn was Timo Glock in the Toyota, which unbelievably hit problems on the very final part of the final lap. The stricken white and red car fell back during the climb towards the finish line, allowing Lewis Hamilton's McLaren to get past only a few hundred metres before the finish. This was one of the most important overtaking manoeuvres of Hamilton's life, as that fifth place allowed the now three-time world champion to claim his first world title by just one point. The memories remain that remain of that fateful final lap at Interlagos will always be linked to the disbelieving look on the face of Massa's father, Luis Antonio. His unalloyed joy at the championship was transformed in an instant to a stunned hell, as he saw Hamilton take the fifth place he needed at the very last moment and so deprive his son of the longed-for title.
Pirelli: you don't change
a winning tyre
Getting in bed
with Formula 1®


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Guam Joins South Pacific Cruise Alliance
The Micronesian U.S. Territory of Guam has joined the South Pacific Cruise Alliance (SPCA), becoming its ninth member.
"Guam's location in the northern Pacific and close to Asia makes it an ideal cruising destination from the eastern markets and a potential homeport for cruising around Micronesia," commented David Vaeafe from American Samoa and president and chairman of the SPCA.
Vaeafe said in a prepared statement that the SPCA welcomes the opportunity to share information, best practices and experiences to help the destination develop its cruising sector.
"The Guam Economic Development Authority (GEDA) is very excited for this opportunity to work with the SPCA and its partners in strengthening the Pacific's position in the cruise market," added Melanie Mendiola, GEDA CEO.
"Under the new leadership of Governor Lourdes Leon Guerrero, GEDA is breathing new life into initiatives to get more cruise ship traffic into Micronesia with the hopes of creating more jobs, promoting the entrepreneurial spirit and increasing resiliency of our already thriving visitors' industry.
"Guam receives over 1.5 million travelers per year primarily from Japan and Korea. We are investing millions in upgrading our ports of entry including Guam International Airport Authority and the Port Authority of Guam with plans to develop Guam as a viable homeport for top tier cruise brands," she said.
SPCA members include American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Tonga and Wallis & Futuna.
For 2020, 723 cruise ships are expected to call at alliance ports and destinations.


Are you interested in joining Intermezzo String Orchestra? Click here for details.
Intermezzo students typically collaborate each season with dancers and instrumental soloists, are exposed to unusual instruments like baroque bows, celtic harp, or orchestral piano, and take a concert-tour to Santa Fe area schools. Each year in March, Intermezzo also travels to Albuquerque to join 650 other students in the Albuquerque Middle School Orchestra Festival. Other recent adventures include an impromptu concert for the Santa Fe Board of Education and waltz lessons in conjunction with preparing Loreta Fin's Aeolian Waltz.
Intermezzo serves the needs of young string players who have some previous orchestral experience, who are refining and building upon their fundamental skills, and who can fluidly sight-read music of a level below that of their current playing level. Students are introduced to more advanced orchestral techniques including: leading one's own section, leading the orchestra; following one's own section leader, following the concertmaster; following more subtle and refined cues from a conductor; playing without a conductor; supporting and accompanying solo performers; and learning more refined bow-distribution, dynamics, and tone colors. The minimum equivalent level in the Suzuki curriculum is "Hunters' Chorus" from Book 2.
Target Age Group: Advanced/late elementary school and early middle school students.
The Washington Post: "The singing and playing, under the baton of Elizabeth Young, were notably strong." Additionally, Elizabeth is a dedicated and experienced teacher. Currently on the faculty of the New Mexico School for the Arts, her past students have attended music schools and conservatories around the world. Elizabeth looks forward to working with the students of the Intermezzo String Orchestra and bringing her passion, joy, and enthusiasm for music-making to the SFYSA!


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24 Hours in San Francisco
Sweet spots in the City by the Bay
Forty-nine square miles, 43 hills, and 120+ neighborhoods (depending on who you ask). San Francisco isn't just bigger than the space it occupies, it's larger than life. The "City by The Bay" lives up to its reputation – enshrouded in fog, surrounded by water on three sides, and connected to the rest of the world by only a delicate thread — the Golden Gate Bridge.
Yes, San Francisco is exactly what you see in the movies: whimsically decorated Victorian houses, steep hills patrolled by cable cars and that bridge. But it's also an evolving city, where techies rub elbows with organic foodies, and where you can find haute cuisine sat next to authentic Mexican food on the same corner. It's also the home of our spring MarkMaker, Aleksandra Zee, an artist who works with wood to create large-scale wall hangings. Find out more about her in our Guide to the Modern Trail.
If you're on the West Coast, check out our 24 hour guide to San Francisco:
Wake up at Hotel G
San Francisco's Union Square neighborhood is where you'll find many of the city's historic hotels. Built in 1909 as the Fielding Hotel, the newly renovated Hotel G nods to the past (original wood floors and concrete ceilings) with modern touches and homey décor (hand-dyed rugs and California-shaped pillows) meant to feel more like a friend's stylish apartment than a traditional hotel. There's an on-site gym, restaurant and wine bar. Why leave? Read on.
Address: 386 Geary Street, San Francisco CA 94102
Fuel up at Brenda's French Soul Food
Photo: Libby Truesdell
There's nearly always a line at Brenda's so go early – and hungry. With a menu of delectable dishes like crawfish beignets, shrimp and grits, and French toast with butter pecan sauce, Brenda's is no place for light eaters.
Address: 652 Polk St, San Francisco, CA 94102
Visit the world's most famous prison
Alcatraz Island has been home to a citadel, a military prison and a national park, but its most famous use was as a maximum-security penitentiary from 1934 to 1963. In that time it housed some of the century's most notorious criminals like Chicago gangster Al 'Scarface' Capone and George 'Machine Gun' Kelly.
More than 1.4 million people visit each year to tour the former prison, hear tales of attempted escapes and view the cells of infamous inmates like Robert Stroud, better known as the 'Birdman of Alcatraz'.
Tickets include the ferry ride to the island as well as a self-guided audio tour.
Address: Pier 33 The Embarcadero, San Francisco, CA 94111
Have an indoor picnic at the Ferry Building Marketplace
A short stroll down the Embarcadero brings you to the San Francisco Ferry Building, which was once the second-busiest transit terminal in the world. Today it's not only the point of departure for ferries around the bay, but also a bustling food hall and marketplace lined with purveyors of olive oil, sourdough bread, wine, cheese, meat and much more.
Nosh your way around or have lunch at one of the many on-site restaurants, such as the Slanted Door, Gott's Roadside or Hog Island Oyster Company. On Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, there's an outdoor farmer's market.
Address: One Ferry Building, San Francisco, California 94111
Ride a cable car
San Francisco is a city of hills so give your legs a rest (they'll need it) by riding one of the iconic cable cars, part of the world's last manually operated cable car system. There are three lines: Powell-Hyde, Powell-Mason, and California. During peak hours the lines at either end of the Powell lines can be hours long; hop on somewhere along the route or opt for the California line.
Address: 1201 Mason Street, San Francisco, CA 94108
Visit Fisherman's Wharf
Fisherman's Wharf is, on a bad day, a tourist trap overrun with people. But if you can see past the crowds, there's some charm to discover. Head to Pier 39 to see lazy sea lions piled nearly on top of one another as they rest on the docks. Check out the sea life at the Aquarium of the Bay and don't miss the antique and vintage arcade games at Musée Mécanique.
Musée Mécanique Address: Pier 45 Shed A, San Francisco, CA 94133
Walk or bike across the Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge has been an icon of San Francisco since it was built in 1937. Thousands of people walk and bike across its 1.5-mile span every day, checking out the stunning vistas of the city and the Marin Headland as well as Alcatraz and Angel Island. One popular bike route goes over the bridge and into Sausalito; from there, less ambitious bikers can ride a ferry back to the city.
Often a windy city, throw a waterproof lightweight jacket into your bag, like our Kibby Mountain Hooded Bomber Jacket to be set for all weather.
Hop-on, hop-off buses also offer transport across the bridge and make additional stops around the city, such as the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood and Alamo Square, where you'll find the famous 'Painted Ladies' Victorian houses that made a cameo in the opening credits of Full House. Cue theme song.
Have a progressive dinner in the Mission
San Francisco has far more delicious food than you could ever eat in one day, so make the most of your time on a progressive dinner crawl around the Mission, the epicenter of San Francisco's dining scene. Along the way, check out the city view from Dolores Park or wander down Clarion Alley to see beautiful street art.
On a nice day, start with a beer at Zeitgeist, a haven for hop-heads and beer enthusiasts. The beer garden serves 40 beers on tap and a limited food menu (burgers and brats). If wine and cheese is more your style, head to Mission Cheese for wine and cheese flights (pictured below). For cocktails and eclectic small bites that change with a new theme every few months, try Trick Dog or for a more substantial meal, go for pasta with a cult following at Flour + Water (pictured above).
If you have room, cast your vote for the city's best burrito in the rivalry between Taqueria Cancun and El Farolito. Finally, cap it all off with your choice of whimsical flavors at Humphry Slocombe ice cream: be brave and try peanut butter curry, chocolate smoked sea salt or the indulgent Secret Breakfast with bourbon, vanilla, and corn flakes.
Zeitgeist Address: 199 Valencia St, San Francisco, CA 94103
Finish with a classic cocktail at a hidden bar
Housed in a former speakeasy, Bourbon and Branch is often credited with bringing the craft cocktail craze to San Francisco. There's no bar sign and you need a password to enter (make reservations on the website) giving the outing an air of mystery. House rules, such as a ban on cell phones, keep up the façade, but it's the delicious, Prohibition-era drinks that keep guests coming back for more.
Address: 501 Jones St, San Francisco, 94102
For more San Francisco insider info, take a look at our Guide to the Modern Trail where our MarkMaker Aleksandra Zee shows off our latest collection.
Latest From Timberland


Now in addition to the AA Inter 3 website which has been up and running for about 4 years, i've just set up a new site which we'll hope to update much more frequently. Go to aainter3.net - our new blog and website - to check out what we're up to throughout the year. All of the students will be authors to the site and will also have their own pages on which to post recent work and thoughts.
After a long and hard week, the Intermediate Unit 3 exhibition of 10 CHAIRS opened to private view this evening. It will run from Feb 18-March 18 so if you're in the neighborhood, drop by the AA and see the chairs.
The chairs are the result of individual agendas dealing with looping, shifting, insatiability, sidedness, viewfinding, contact, lightness, friendliness, privacy and negotiation, all within the larger unit brief of Performative Form.
Many congratulations and thanks to the students who put their heart and soul into the work and the show. It looks great. I look forward to seeing how they carry their ideas through to the next project.
Lots more images in flickr or coming soon on the Inter 3 website.
The unit's exhibition at the Architectural Association has been set for February 18. On show will be 1:1 prototypes of the chairs as well as video, scaled models, and 2d documention. Go here for the exhibition schedule and description.
I've been remiss in not keeping up to date with the postings - but we've had a very busy 2 weeks and I'll do some updating v. soon. Will switch over blog hosting tomorrow to a new company - once that's up and running, will tell all from the intense 10 days in Los Angeles. Was a great trip - from houses to offices - lots to see. Images from the trip are all in Flickr - click on images at the right.
You are currently browsing the archives for the AA Inter 3 category.


While NFL teams with returning head coaches started their offseason program Monday, the Dolphins were getting ready for their three-day voluntary minicamp.
The minicamp will be conducted from Tuesday through Thursday, with practice scheduled to begin each day at 11:25 a.m.
Only teams with new head coaches, as is the case with the Dolphins and Brian Flores, are eligible to conduct this voluntary veteran minicamp.
The Dolphins then will embark on Phase Two of the offseason program next week.
That will last for three weeks and will feature on-field workouts that may include individual player instruction and drills and team practices conducted on a "separates" basis.
No live contact is permitted, nor are offense vs. defense drills.
will feature nine days of Organized Team Activities (OTAs) and will conclude with a three-day minicamp June 4-6.
No live contact is permitted during Phase Three, but 7-on-7, 9-on-7 and 11-on-11 drills are allowed.
The Dolphins also will conduct a three-day rookie minicamp on either of the two weekends following the NFL draft, so either May 3-5 or May 10-12.
With the 2019 NFL draft now less than two weeks away, General Manager Chris Grier will hold the annual pre-draft press conference Wednesday afternoon.
In the meantime, reports will continue to surface about player visits and potential team interest, though it should be noted that every team will study a lot of prospects each year and visits and workouts don't necessarily correlate to draft selections.
After the release of the preseason schedule last week, expectations are that the 2019 regular season schedule will be unveiled sometime this week.
It's when we'll find out the dates and times of the Dolphins games and whether reports of the Dolphins facing the Dallas Cowboys on Thanksgiving Day were accurate.
As a reminder, the Dolphins' 2019 home opponents include Buffalo, New England, the New York Jets, Baltimore, Cincinnati, the Los Angeles Chargers, Philadelphia and Washington.
Road opponents include the other three AFC East teams, as well as Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Indianapolis, Dallas and the New York Giants.
Head Coach Brian Flores revealed his vision for the Dolphins on Sunday when he addressed the more than 800 participants at the fourth annual Coaches Clinic at Hard Rock Stadium.


Yeats is known as an influential poet of the 20th century. His love and affection for Ireland and his people can be seen in many of his poems. In "To Ireland in the coming times" Yeats passion for Ireland and the revolution against Britain at the time can be seen in his writing. Ireland was undergoing a transition from a nation under British rule to a nation of its own with an identity. Many poets, Yeats included, helped fuel this revolution through their writing. Yeats theme through out the poem is consistent; Ireland is a strong nation and no matter what the obstacles the nation has always and will always overcome.
Yeats makes it very clear in many of the stanzas that he loves Ireland and that his nation is great. Yeats also makes it very clear that he knows Ireland is going to go through hardships during and after the revolution, but that his great nation will prevail. William Butler Yeats was born on June 13, 1865 to parents John Butler Yeats and Susan Mary Pollexfen. His father, John Butler Yeats, was a known portrait painter and lawyer. Yeats family was very well off his father having steady income and his mother being from a very wealthy family.
Yeats went to school in both London and Ireland, but he finished his education in Dublin at The Metropolitan School of Art in 1886. During his time at The Metropolitan School of Art, some of his pieces of writing were published in the Dublin University Review. After finishing his education Yeats and his family relocated to London. During this time Yeats progressed in his writing and influence in the literary world. He would often become homesick for Ireland and would write poems about his longing to be back home.
One of the poems resulting from his homesickness was, "The Lake Isle of Innisfree". In 1889 Yeats life changed forever, he met the love of his love Maud Gonne. Gonne was a poet, feminist, actress, and a revolutionist, because of her Yeats started to be more engaged in the revolution that was taking place in Ireland. His love for Gonne can be seen in many of his poems and although he proposed several times, she always declined. In 1911 he met Georgie Hyde Lees, and on October 20th, 1917 they wed. They had two children together, Anne Yeats and Michael Yeats.
Lees shared Yeats same interest in Ireland's mystical and mythical past. She introduced him to automatic writing and from there he was able to write "A Vision" (1925). In 1922 Yeats received an honorary degree from Trinity College in Dublin, at this time the Irish civil war had started. That same year he was given a seat in the Irish senate, where he remained for 6 years before resigning due to failing health. The following year in December of 1923 Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize for his literary works. In 1939 on January 28th at the age of seventy-three Yeats died.
Yeats legacy, passion, and love for Ireland will continue to live on, and he will remain one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. The theme for "To Ireland In The Coming Times" is that Ireland is a strong nation and always overcomes hardships. The setting for the poem is very essential to the message that Yeats is trying to direct. Ireland during the time was going through a revolution to separate itself from Britain and become its own nation. Many poets, including Yeats, were involved in the political movement and revolution. Their form of fighting and showing support of the cause was through their writing and work.
Ireland was going through many changes and Yeats writing shows this in many ways. Without the revolution and turmoil in Ireland at the time the writing that Yeats accomplished might not have existed. Other poets that were involved in the political revolution are Thomas Osborne Davis, James Clarence Mangan, and Sir Samuel Ferguson. Yeats mentions these poets in " To Ireland In The Coming Times", but he does not mention them in a very favorable manner. In "To Ireland in The Coming Times", Yeats uses many symbols to show Ireland's strength as a nation.
One of the symbols is the red-rose-bordered hem; Yeats repeats this symbol in every stanza. " Nor be I any less of them, because the red-rose-bordered hem of her, whose history began Before God made the angelic clan, Trails all about the written page. " (5-9). The red-rose-bordered hem symbolizes Yeats's view of Ireland as feminine. It also symbolizes the nationalism in Ireland during this time. The red-rose-bordered hem shows how bloodshed will occur in order for Ireland to be free from England. But that nonetheless Ireland will prevail.
Another ymbol Yeats uses to describe the strength that Ireland has, is when he states that Ireland's heart began to beat. "When Time began to rant and rage the measure of her flying feet Made Ireland's heart begin to beat;"(10-12). Here Yeats once again shows Ireland in a feminine way, but also states that Ireland has already gone thorough struggles and hardships and they have overcome. Yeats is showing how the revolution against England will be hard but they will overcome as a nation and stand as they've done so many times before. Yeats views Ireland in a very mystical and mythical way.
In many of his poems this element is seen. He discussed this mythical side of Ireland that is suppressed due to the strong Christian religion in Ireland at the time. Yeats states in the poem, "Ah, faeries, dancing under the moon, A Druid land, a Druid tune! " (31-32). This element of using mystical creatures such as faeries gives a sense of Yeats's interest in Ireland's mystical history and background. Druids were known as mythical creatures that were considered to be of high social status. But as Christianity started to spread in Ireland the tales and status of the druids virtually disappeared.
Yeats feels that Christianity is causing a division between the citizens of Ireland and that by uniting as a nation, through Ireland's Celtic history, the people can go back to what Ireland essentially is and its true identity. One of Yeats's greatest inspirations for his poetry was his unrequited love for Maud Gonne. In many of Yeats poems he portrays this love and his sorrow for never being able to achieve a relationship with Gonne. In the last stanza of, " To Ireland in The Coming Times", Yeats expresses his undying love for Gonne and the frustrations he is enduring because of her rejections.
In the first line of the last stanza Yeats writes, "While still I may, I write for you the love I lived, the dream I knew. "(32-33). Here he is saying he is writing for Ireland while he is still able, but he is also writing for Gonne. Due to never being able to be more than a friend to her, Yeats shows his love for her in his poems. He dedicated many poems to this love he had for Gonne. Yeats wants her to know that even though she constantly rejects, he will always love her. Yeats wants Ireland to have a brighter future. He wants his people to stand strong and continue to stand strong no matter what the future may bring.
The measure of her flying feet Made Ireland's heart begin to beat; And Time bade all his candles flare to light a measure here and there; and may the thoughts of Ireland brood upon a measured quietude. " (11-16). Here Yeats shows how Ireland whose history is long and extensive, has always come on top no matter the circumstances. "That you, in the dim coming times, May know how my heart went with them After the red-rose-bordered hem. "(45-47). He is also saying that no matter what he wants his people to know that he will always support them and knows that they will stay strong even after he is long gone.
Yeats also wants the people of Ireland to know that he wants Ireland to overcome the hard times. Yeats also hopes for a better future for the people of Ireland and for a much better future. Yeats's theme in "To Ireland In The Coming Times" is that Ireland's unity is unbreakable, no matter what Ireland will prevail as a nation and continue to be strong. Yeats shows his love, admiration, and patriotic feelings for Ireland in "To Ireland In The Coming Times". Many of his poems incorporated his strong affection for his country and his strong political influence in Ireland.
Many of Yeats's poems were used to express his unrequited love for Maud Gonne as well. In "To Ireland In The Coming Times", Yeats includes all of these elements, his love and faith for Ireland, his unrequited love, and his knowledge of Ireland being a strong nation. Yeats believes and knows that Ireland is a united nation and no matter the obstacles or challenges his nation will overcome. Yeats will always be known as an influential writer. His work and legacy will continue to live on, especially in the hearts of Ireland's people.


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New timetable in St. Michael's Castle from October 31 and November 01-02
31 october 2018—2 november 2018	> Russian Museum
Dear visitors! On October 31 and November 01-02 St George's Hall and the nearest halls (№№ 239, 243, 244, 244А, 245) of St Michael's Castle are closed due to technical reasons. Please accept our apologies for any inconveniences caused.
New timetable in St. Michael's Castle from June 28
28 june 2018—28 june 2018	> Russian Museum
Dear visitors! On June 28 Hall and the nearest halls (№№ 244А, 245) of St Michael's Castle are closed due to technical reasons. Please accept our apologies for any inconveniences caused.
New timetable in St. Michael's Castle from June 20 to June 21
Dear visitors! On June 20-21 St George's Hall and the nearest halls of St Michael's Castle are closed due to technical reasons. Please accept our apologies for any inconveniences caused.
New timetable in St. Michael's Castle on May 24
24 may 2018—24 may 2018	> Russian Museum
Dear visitors! On May 24 the museum is open before 19:00. The ticket office is closed at 18:30. Also today is closed the Dining room and the Living room of Mariya Fedorovna. Please accept our apologies for any inconveniences.
Museum night in St. Michael's Castle
Dear guests, on May 19 (Saturday) Museum Night will pass in St. Petersburg. The Russian museum wait for you in St. Michael's Castle from 6 to 11 p.m.!
New timetable in St. Michael's Castle from May 12 to May 18
Dear guests! From May 12 to May 18 the courtyard of St. Michaels Castle will be closed due to technical reasons. On May 17 Open fund of sculpture from 18th to 19th century will be closed due to technical reasons.
previous 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	next


May is Lyme Disease awareness month! - What's Up With Anna?
The Lyme Lie | The Truth That Can Save Your Life!
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These are top keywords linked to the term "Lyme Ribbon".


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← New McEnroe Documentary Focuses on the Art of Being a Champion
Hot and Bothered: 2018 US Open Review →
September 9, 2018 · 8:26 am
Before digging into the controversy of last night's US Open Women's Singles final, once again, let's focus first on Naomi Osaka. The 20-year-old Osaka not only played a superlative match in her first ever major final, but also endured an unexpected storm, and did not allow it to distract her from eventually winning the title. Osaka is a great champion and many feel this is will be the first of many major titles for her.
Yet, once again, Serena Williams finds herself in the middle of controversy at the US Open, and once again with an umpire. In this case Carlos Ramos.
His first warning for coaching, at Patrick Mouratoglou, who Williams wasn't even aware that he was sending her a signal, escalated into a point penalty for racquet abuse, then followed by a game penalty when an irate Williams called him "a thief" during a changeover. Osaka went on to win 6-2, 6-4, but the whole incident left everyone watching and the players feeling rather grim after the match concluded.
Even after Osaka won, the hail of boos from an angry Arthur Ashe Stadium crowd, almost ruined the trophy ceremony with both Osaka and Williams in tears. Until Williams asked the crowd to not boo anymore and instead, celebrate the achievement that Osaka just earned.
After the match, the dramatic episode was deconstructed and analyzed at length with many commentators and fans offering their own viewpoint on what happened and what should have happened. In my opinion, the game penalty was unnecessary. Yet Ramos, being the umpire, felt that Williams calling him "a thief", constituted verbal abuse at an official, and thus deserved the penalty.
Ramos being a stickler, almost to the letter, of the rules is nothing new. Although he is a very well respected umpire, he does have a history of calling warnings and penalties at players for what almost seem, to others, rather inoffensive offenses. At last year's French Open, he handed both Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic time violations on their serves that many felt was excessive. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he gave a code violation to Andy Murray after he said "stupid umpiring." The list goes on.
Umpire controversies at this year's US Open are nothing new.
Earlier in the event, umpire Mohamed Lahyani raised many eyebrows when he jumped down out his of chair to literally counsel Nick Kyrgios in his second round match. While Lahyani later said that he did so out of concern for Kyrgios' health, Lahyani telling the mercurial Australian "You are great for tennis." didn't sound like a medical question, more so than a coaching pep talk. Kyrgios, who was losing, suddenly started playing a lot better and ending up defeating Pierre-Hughes Herbert who was none too happy about Lahyani's intervention.
Umpires are human and will decide how they, and they alone, will oversee a match. In Lahyani's case, he likes to take a very personal approach, and at times, likes to help and advise players during a situation, which is not exactly an umpire's job. Ramos, is the total opposite, almost machine-like in the way he administers cold, logical decisions based on the code, not computer code, but the code of conduct. "If player does this, then player must be given this penalty." A player's emotions, the surroundings, etc. are not part of the code, and therefore, not part of the equation, or the solution.
At the end of her press conference, Williams said she felt that Ramos' decisions exemplified a double standard in how men's versus women's matches are officiated and that she would continue to fight for women's rights. All-time great Billie Jean King also spoke out on what she viewed as a double standard in the match.
(1/2) Several things went very wrong during the @usopen Women's Finals today. Coaching on every point should be allowed in tennis. It isn't, and as a result, a player was penalized for the actions of her coach. This should not happen.
— Billie Jean King (@BillieJeanKing) September 9, 2018
(2/2) When a woman is emotional, she's "hysterical" and she's penalized for it. When a man does the same, he's "outspoken" & and there are no repercussions. Thank you, @serenawilliams, for calling out this double standard. More voices are needed to do the same.
Williams' issues with an umpire at the US Open years ago ultimately led to a big change in how tennis matches are officiated. The 2004 US Open quarterfinal that Williams lost to Jennifer Capriati featured horrendous calls by umpire Mariana Alves. After the match, the USTA apologized and later suspended Alves from calling any more matches during the event.
That match, in many ways, paved the way for the development and later implementation of the Hawk-Eye system. A system that was utilized on all courts at this year's US Open. Could we see another change in how matches are officiated after this recent controversy?
It's possible. The US Open experimented this year with allowing on-court coaching during qualifying and also implemented the shot clock to help speed up the time players take to serve (although it's hard to tell yet if the shot clock is actually doing so). With technology being relied up more and more, could we see a time when all linespeople are replaced with Hawk-Eye at tour level and major events, as it was during this year's World Team Tennis matches? It wouldn't be a surprise.
That just leaves the umpire. And what kind of umpire does tennis want as it goes deeper into the 21st century while relying more and more on technology to speed up the game and capture the interest of more fans? An umpire with empathy that takes into account all the intangible factors, including a player's temperament, before making a decision? Or a clear, logical umpire, or a robot for that matter, that arrives at the same decision regardless of who is playing, strictly based on the code, both the written code of conduct for the sport and the written computer code that such a electronic umpire would rely upon?
That's a decision for the sport to make. Until then, let the last words on this for now be similar to what Williams said during the trophy ceremony. This is Naomi Osaka's moment, so let's all take the time to celebrate her and her well-deserved accomplishment in becoming, at last, a Grand Slam champion.
Comments Off on Will Serena Confrontation with US Open Umpire Change the Sport Again?
Filed under Tennis, U.S. Open
Tagged as Naomi Osaka, Serena Williams


text:
History of the Historic Records Center
Historic Fairfax Courthouse
Land Records Research
Finding Aids/Indexes
Term Papers (Judgments)
Fiduciary Bonds
Drawer X
Fairfax Court Slavery Index
DD-214 Discharge Papers
Historic Courthouse Friday Motions
Washington Wills
Back to Circuit Court
CONTACT INFORMATION: Our office is open 8AM-4PM M-F
CCRHistoricRecords@fairfaxcounty.gov
4000 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 1600
Fairfax County Public Library Virginia Room
Loudoun County Circuit Court Historic Records
Prince William County Public Library
Fairfax County Public Schools History
Search Historic Records Center
"Patrick Henry Argue the Parsons' Cause," George Cooke, 1834 (Virginia Historical Society). Depiction of early court in colonial Virginia.
The Office of Clerk of Court dates back to the Colonial period. Until 1852, the Clerk of Court was appointed by the Governor of Virginia based on recommendations from county citizens. After 1852, the office became an elected position. Historically, justices (judges) were not required to have any legal training, so the Clerk of Court was and still is required to have intimate knowledge of federal and Virginia law in order to ensure the legality of court decisions and operations.
During the colonial period, public officials, such as court clerks, made their living by collecting fees for services rendered. During the 18th century, clerks began receiving a salary in addition to these fees. Services provided by the Clerk of Court included recording documents, issuing court orders, taking depositions, making inventories, processing estates, and keeping records of births, deaths and marriages. Today's circuit court clerks' duties are similar, such as recording deeds, wills and marriage licenses, keeping court records and ensuring court case procedures follow legal guidelines.
"Original Clerk's Office," Library of Congress. Built ca. 1810.
When the Fairfax County Courthouse moved to Providence (now the City of Fairfax) in 1799, the Clerk of Court operated out of a two-story brick office building separate from the one-room courthouse. A plat created in 1800 shows the location of the office – it stood directly across from the intersection of today's Sager Avenue and Chain Bridge Road. In 1853, a larger building was commissioned; this was used until it burned down in 1875. A new, two-story stone building was constructed by 1881 and was further modernized in 1902 with the addition of electricity and the telephone.
In 1928, a large addition was made to the 1799 Historic Courthouse. The clerk's office moved into this addition soon after. The original two-story brick clerk's office was demolished in 1930. The 1881 clerk's office was used for record storage until the 1954 addition was made, at which point it, too, was demolished. With the completion of the Judicial Center in the early 1980s, the Circuit Court Clerk's office moved entirely out of the Historic Courthouse annex.
With the completion of the Fairfax Circuit Court Historic Records Center in 2013, records from 1742 to the 1940s have now returned to the Historic Fairfax Courthouse.


One man responsible for shock Whitehall biscuit budget overspend.
Cultured man exiled from Croydon.
Man offered under-the-counter sheep in pub.
Fisherman mistakes fish for crocodile.
No headlines this week as they've become caught in the Christmas decorations.


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This simple and beautiful design is great for food or just to display as the piece of art that it is. Serene and elegant, this is a 4.75" small bowl perched on a tripod of tiny legs. Use this size for sauces, spices, rings, even little guest soap!
4.75" diameter x 1.75" h.


The Catholic Message Board • View topic - Any Advice for Getting Back into Latin?
Any Advice for Getting Back into Latin?
Post subject: Any Advice for Getting Back into Latin?
But I'm out of practice since I left, how can I get back up to speed?
Post subject: Re: Any Advice for Getting Back into Latin?
Get a copy of the Vulgate New Testament.
Paradigms have zilch to do with understanding latin as a language.
Read Lingua Latina. Buy some Latin novellas, listen to podcasts like quomodo dicitur. Focus on comprehension, not grammatical analysis and you will go far.
If you can, look into one of the living Latin things this summer. I did the Conventiculum Lexingtongiense last summer. It was great, through hard work. $150 for a week immersion. This year doing the Rusticatio by SALVI.
There is also, new this year, a lay open Veterum sapientia conference.
Podcasta latine optima sunt. I recommend Quomodo dicitur?
One professor recommended a Latin online course a few years ago, but I didn't have the leisure to make the commitment.
Do you have any courses you can vouch for, or would to suggest podcasts are better?
I can vouch for the Conventiculum, but that is in person.
Jonathan Arrington offers online courses. I can at least vouch that he knows Latin fluently.


text:
Die Finanzverwaltung in Österreich ist der Teil der öffentlichen Verwaltung und gliedert sich in die Steuerverwaltung und die Zollverwaltung.

Oberste Behörde der Finanzverwaltung ist das Bundesministerium für Finanzen und zuständig für die finanziellen Interessen der Republik Österreich durch Erhebung von Abgaben und Beiträgen. Untergeordnete Organisationseinheiten sind das Finanzamt Österreich, das Zollamt Österreich, das Finanzamt für Großbetriebe, das Amt für Betrugsbekämpfung, der Prüfdienst für Lohnabgaben und Beiträge und die Zentralen Services.

Organisation
Die Finanzverwaltung besteht aus folgenden Einheiten:
 Dem Bundesministerium für Finanzen (gegliedert in Sektionen, Gruppen, Abteilungen und eine Stabsstelle)
 Dem Finanzamt Österreich mit 32 lokalen Dienststellen an 67 Standorten. Dieses ist gegliedert in die Bereiche Private, Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen und Steuerschuldner und den operativen Einheiten:
 Dienststelle Sonderzuständigkeiten für Gebühren, Verkehrsteuern, Glücksspiel, Spenden etc.
 FinanzService-Center (für Auskünfte)
 Dem Zollamt Österreich mit fünf Dienststellen und diversen Zollstellen. Dieses ist gegliedert in die Bereiche Betreuung Wirtschaftsbeteiligte und Kontrolle und Strafsachen.
 Dem Finanzamt für Großbetriebe an acht Standorten (gegliedert in Prüfteams)
 Dem Amt für Betrugsbekämpfung an 58 Standorten (gegliedert in Teams in den Bereichen Finanzstrafsachen, Finanzpolizei, Steuerfahndung und die Zentralstelle Internationale Zusammenarbeit)
 Dem Prüfdienst für Lohnabgaben und Beiträge an 53 Standorten (gegliedert in Prüfteams)
 Den Zentralen Services. Diese sind gegliedert in die Organisationseinheiten Zentrale Fachstelle, Bundesfinanzakademie, Predictive Analytics Competence Center, IT-Koordination und Datamanagement.

Einzelnachweise

Siehe auch
 Bundeskanzleramt (Österreich)

Weblinks
 Bundesministerium für Finanzen
 Ämter und Behörden
 Bundesministerium für Finanzen (facebook)
 Bundesministerium für Finanzen (YouTube)
 Bundesministerium für Finanzen (flickr)

Finanzen

Wirtschaftspolitik (Österreich)
Öffentliche Finanzen (Österreich)


Home › Uncategorized › Application submission deadline extended: February 14, 2015.
Application submission deadline extended: February 14, 2015.
ALA snow storm, Superbowl weekend, there's just too much going on to get your IRDL application submitted today. We understand. We're extending the submission deadline to 10PM on February 14, 2015. Rest easy, spend the extra time making sure your research questions are as awesome as they could be. We look forward to reviewing your proposal.


The museum is partnering with local firm Escape Manor to offer two escape rooms in the evenings after other visitors have gone home.
The first one allows users to pretend they are cat burglars breaking into the facility after dark in the museum's earth exhibit. Their entry trips silent alarms, however, and they have only 60 minutes to get out with "space gems" before the RCMP and security teams sweep in and arrest them.
The other scenario in the museum's mammal exhibit imagines you are a museum guard who finds out you are about to be framed for a theft, with only an hour for you to identify the real culprit and prove your innocence.
So far both escape rooms have a roughly 30 per cent success rate, which is about standard for the company's rooms.
Steve Wilson, co-founder of Escape Manor, said the idea came about after they designed an escape from the Diefenbunker last year, and when the nature museum gave them the opportunity they jumped at the chance.
"We were blown away at the chance to do an escape room in a national museum, so we started the planning process from there," he said.
Escape Manor has received several industry accolades this year.
In April, Escape Manor was named a New Company of the Year award winner by Ottawa Tourism. Several months later, one of the company's co-founders, Billy Rogers, was named a Forty Under 40 recipient.
Wilson said museum staff worked with them to make the transition from active museum to escape room pretty seamlessly and in their first weeks of operation it has been going well.
"The museum clears out the galleries at around 5 p.m. and our team rolls in and takes out all of our equipment," he said.
He said they are able to use the exhibits from the museum as part of the fun.
"We built puzzles around those items and used actual literature from different placards that they have," he said.
John Swettenham, the museum's director of marketing, said the idea seemed like a natural fit. He said the museum is primarily a location for families and children, but it wants to expand.
He said the museum's Nature Nocturne nights are one example of its adult outreach and this is just another.
Swettenham said working with Escape Manor gave the museum a chance to build something collaborative that would showcase the facility to people who may have not have been in years.
He said the museum is happy with the first week of booking and there may be more opportunities in future.
Swettenham said there are no concerns about people trying out a real heist in the museum and officials are sure the exhibits will be safe and sound.
Wilson jokes with so many young children and school groups going through the museum during the day, he believes the exhibits may actually be safer at night.
This story was originally published by Metro News. With files from OBJ staff.


Discussion in 'General Discussion' started by Ghada Ali youssef, Feb 4, 2017.
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What they do: Assess injuries, administer emergency medical care, and extricate trapped individuals. Transport injured or sick people to medical facilities.
What they do: Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it onto conveyors or into shuttle cars in a continuous operation.
What they do: Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials.
What they do: Collect and dump refuse and recyclable materials into trucks.
What they do: Operate equipment used for the release, control, or use of nuclear energy to assist scientists in laboratory or production activities.
What they do: Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment.
What they do: Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing, multi-engine aircraft, usually on scheduled air-carrier routes, for the transport of passengers and cargo.
What they do: Rig derrick equipment and operate pumps to circulate mud through a drill hole.
What they do: Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons, registered nurses, or other surgical personnel and perform medical laboratory tests.
* This job category combines the related detailed occupations of surgical assistants, surgical technologists, and medical and clinical laboratory technologists.
What they do: Operate or maintain stationary engines, boilers, or other mechanical equipment to provide utilities for buildings or industrial processes.
What they do: Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater.
What they do: Prepare histologic slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists.
What they do: Investigate and inspect people, common carriers, goods, and merchandise, arriving in or departing from the US or between states to detect violations of immigration and customs laws and regulations.
What they do iagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot.
What they do: Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals and perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals.
* This category combines the related detailed jobs of veterinarians, veterinary assistants, and laboratory animal caretakers and veterinary technologists and technicians.
What they do: Administer anesthetics or sedatives during medical procedures, and help patients in recovering from anesthesia.
* This category combines the related detailed jobs of anesthesiologist, nurse anesthetist, and anesthesiologist assistant.
What they do: Provide personal services to ensure the safety, security, and comfort of airline passengers during flight. Greet passengers, verify tickets, explain use of safety equipment, and serve food or beverages.
What they do: Examine, diagnose, and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental tissues affecting oral hygiene and retention of teeth. May fit dental appliances or provide preventive care.


text:
Heartfelt Buoyancy
Tchaikovsky, known
and unknown -
heard by
GERALD FENECH
'... a wondrous sense of joy ...'
Contrary to most Tchaikovsky recordings, this enterprising CD couples one of the most performed works by the composer with one of the least executed. The Tempest, Op 18, was the second Shakespeare-inspired project after the 1869-70 overture Romeo and Juliet. The latter has always been one of the best-loved works in the Tchaikovsky canon, but The Tempest remains strangely neglected, though in truth, it was never subjected to the revisions that Romeo and Juliet underwent...
The full article includes 3 music samples and is available to Music & Vision subscribers. For further information, please visit the signup page.
Sponsor this article and unlock the whole feature so that it's available to everyone here on this page.
Copyright © 4 April 2014 Gerald Fenech,
Gzira, Malta
TCHAIKOVSKY: THE TEMPEST; PIANO CONCERTO NO 1
BRIDGE RECORDS INC
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UPDATE: The Church of Scientology has released the following statement in response to Remini's missing person's filing on David Miscavige's wife, Shelly: "This ill-advised, ludicrous self-promotion and the media inquiries it generated caused an inexcusable distraction for the LAPD in an era when the time and resources of its officers are stretched thin each day. Creating this unnecessary burden for law enforcement was even more irresponsible given the entire episode was nothing more than a publicity stunt for Ms. Remini, cooked up with unemployed, anti-religious zealots who blog on the fringe of the Internet. Sadly, rather than move on with her life and career, Ms. Remini has aligned herself with a handful of untrustworthy, lunatic tabloid sources who obsessively harass the Church to advance their selfish agendas."
EARLIER: Only a woman born in Brooklyn could be this bold. Though most former Scientologists like Katie Holmes have chosen to stay silent about their years in the church, Leah Remini appears to be declaring war against the religion that has been accused of being a cult.
One month after Remini quit Scientology following an argument with the head of the church, David Miscavige, the King of Queens actress has reportedly filed a missing person's report with the Los Angeles Police Department, inquiring into the whereabouts of the leader's wife, Shelly.
And Shelly might have been the catalyst to Remini leaving the church — reportedly, the actress' problems with Miscavige began when she asked about the leader's wife at Tom Cruise and Holmes' 2006 wedding.
Shelly's disappearance is widely known, but seemingly not discussed within Scientology's circle. She hasn't been seen in public since one year after Cruise and Holmes' nuptials, in 2007. And, based on her words to People two weeks ago, Remini plans on being steadfast in her war against the church. "I believe that people should be able to question things," Remini said. "I believe that people should value family, and value friendships, and hold those things sacrosanct. That for me, that's what I'm about. It wouldn't matter what it was, simply because no one is going to tell me how I need to think, no one is going to tell me who I can, and cannot, talk to."
Former Scientologists like Paul Haggis have spoken out publicly against the church, but none have taken action quite like Remini.