Editor's note: This is a guest post by Jedd Johnson, CSCS from DieselCrew.com.
The primary focus on the part of these performers was strength, while the appearance of their body came secondary.
They foucused on strengthening their legs, back, and grip first and by using complex, ground based movements, the size of their shoulders, arms, and chest followed right along.
George Hackenschmidt didn't try to build a V-shape torso with flared lats and a wasp-like waist. He built a thick back, a thick core, and could support tremendous amounts of weight in movements like the squat and deadlift.
These days, it's different. Most of the weight training that goes on in the gym today is not nearly as focused on the development of strength. Now, the focus is mostly on aesthetics – perfectly proportioned biceps and calves, a broad chest, and big biceps.
You can bet the Sandows of the day didn't care about the peak on their biceps. The Hackenschmidts of the era weren't worried about a big pump in their chest.
Somewhere along the lines, there was a shift from being strong to looking good. Much of this shift can be blamed on the overwhelming presence of bodybuilding literature at the newsstand.
I want to share with you all what I feel are the best feats of strength to perform in order to build a strong back, powerful body, and an impressive grip.
Without a doubt, one the best pure feats of strength is lifting something from the floor and up overhead. I don't care if it's a barbell, a dumbbell, a stone, or a beer keg filled with sand and water, there is just something about getting the object to arm's length overhead that means you are truly strong. To do this requires practically all the musculature in the body from the ground to the hands. If your back is weak, the object won't make it off the ground. If your legs are weak, they will crumble beneath the load as you try to push it up overhead. And if your mind is weak, you can get halted at any point along the way.
The best thing about overhead lifting is that you are getting up out of a seated position and performing the lift on your feet. This type of lifting requires more talent and athleticism than the seated variations which in turn makes you more of an athlete and more of a man.
The majority of my overhead lifting is done with a log. I have competed in many Strongman competitions and the Log was always one of my favorite events, whether it was for max weight or for repetitions. Not only does it build your overhead strength, but also makes your lower back stable, as well as the grip.
I love Keg Lifting also, because kegs are so unstable. While you can hold a barbell or dumbbell pretty easily, the keg has a dynamic center of gravity that you have to compete with along with the fact it is so heavy and bulky.
It is one thing to lift something heavy off the ground. It's another thing altogether to pick it up and then carry it.
This is the primary difference between the sport of powerlifting and the sport of strongman. In the sport of powerlifting, the lifts that are executed are the bench press, the deadlift, and the squat. While tremendous weights are lifted in these three disciplines, all that takes place is the lifting and lowering of the weights. In many strongman competitions, however, the objective is to lift and then move heavy and bulky items such as stones, farmer's walk implements, yokes, and sandbags. This is often done at high rates of speed as well. The athletes in strongman competitions have to be extremely strong, and be able to move nimbly over the course to be successful.
Carrying heavy objects, just like overhead lifting, requires the recruitment of every muscle in the body. With each step, tremors course through the body, requiring you to re-adjust and stay on track. The joints have to be strong and stable in order to keep from buckling with each stride, all while keeping your breathing under load. Carrying objects is a great way to train, and it can be done in the gym or in a parking lot or field. The most important thing is not where it is done, but that it actually gets done.
The Farmer's Walk is a basic strongman event. You just pick up the farmers and take off. My farmers were made by a friend from scrap industrial pieces. He made the handles extra thick so it is more taxing on the grip and the handles are extra high, which causes swing. You have to be ready to stroll with these things.
Carrying the keg is a challenge not only because you have to pick it up but because you then have to move with it. Also, because it sits on your belly, it can be very hard to breath.
There are few things in strength training that feel as good as bending steel. Strength feat enthusiasts have enjoyed bending nails, bolts, stock, wrenches, hammers, horse shoes and more for years. Training for this type of feat is becoming more common all the time as resources become more available to the public.
Generally when bending steel, there is some form of protective covering placed on the ends of the item being bent to avoid puncturing the skin. Usually this is a towel or thin piece of suede leather. This is extremely important because the hands have to press on the ends of the object with a great deal of pressure. If there is no protection, there is a much higher risk of injury, especially punctures and lacerations. Also, with no protection, the pain factor is escalated and when that happens it is much harder to apply full strength into the object, and the feat might not be completed.
Obviously, there has to be some limitation to how much protective gear is used because eventually it becomes padding. A balance needs to be maintained between protecting yourself and making the feat too easy.
There are two main types of bending – braced bending and unbraced bending. Braced bending is done by pushing the object against your thigh, knee, or other part of the body to get the bend started. When bending very long objects, like steel bars, very thick objects, like wrenches and hammers, or very resilient items, such as frying pans, bracing is needed. Unbraced bending is done by keeping the object free of the body for the most part and relying more on hand and wrist strength to start and complete the feat.
In order to bend something, you have to go about it with intensity. When going for a top-level bend, if you are not 100% focused on the bend at hand, you will not be successful.
Short unbraced bending, such as nail, bolt, and stock bending is featured in many grip strength competitions each year. Unbraced bending is chosen because it is a better means for testing hand, wrist and grip strength.
As you can see, there are many ways to bend steel. However, short bending should not be considered a grip strength feat only. There is a great deal of engagement of the core and torso to create radiant tension that travels down through the arms and into the hands to strengthen the grip on the object being bent. This increase in tension increases your bending ability while at the same time making it a safer practice as it keeps your hands from slipping off the object and causing injury. If you are interested in learning how to bend nails, bolts and other items, there is no better resource than the Nail Bending eBook. It is the definitive resource on short, unbraced bending.
As you can see, there is much more to training that can be done in the weight room than just bodybuilding. While bodybuilding is a perfectly healthy and rewarding endeavor, feat of strength training can actually be just as effective at building muscle and getting a respectable body. The added benefit of feat training is the real world strength that comes along with it, strength you can keep under wraps until you need it for something serious, like changing a tire or carrying your friends out of a burning building.
Jedd Johnson is a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist in Northeastern PA. He specializes in Grip Strength Training but studies all types of strength training disciplines. His website, http://www.DieselCrew.com is an on-line community with the objective of helping its readers become as strong and healthy as possible.
Feel free to drop me an email at jedd[dot]diesel[at]gmail[dot]com.


text:
Shimano Canadian Cyclocross Championships
Conquista is very proud to support this event and WinnipegCX 2014.
Winnipeg, Manitoba – During the last weekend in October a small city on the Canadian prairie, Winnipeg, will host a national cyclocross championship that seeks to surpass all previous editions in scope and quality. Moreover, a downtown venue will maximize exposure to the event and sport by taking cyclocross to the people.
Canada's national cyclocross competition has a 25-plus year history. The 2014 Shimano Canadian Cyclocross Championships is the first edition to run as a three-day full-blown festival similar to big American events like Providence. On October 24 the Kick Cancer Cyclocross Derby launches the weekend with new programming in the shape of community races and clinics. Serious competition ensues with the Canadian Cyclocross Championships on October 25 and Manitoba Grand Prix of Cyclocross international UCI C2 race the next day. Title sponsor Shimano will provide neutral support throughout the weekend.
The Forks in the heart of Winnipeg hosts the three-day festival. This popular gathering place showcases shopping, dining, and cultural attractions in a waterside park setting. Gravel paths, deep sand, grass, pavement, cobblestones, and riverfront furnish elements for a dynamic and fast course. One section winds through a marketplace selling strong coffee, warm pastries, and international fare from empanadas to spring rolls.
Riders will experience a circuit with an in-town feel similar to venues in the Belgian motherland of cyclocross while introducing the sport to thousands of individuals. Upwards of 30,000 people visit The Forks on its busiest days.
Racing where the public plays
The Forks first held a cyclocross competition in 2013 with Manitoba's provincial championships. Current women's elite Canadian cyclocross champion and new mountain bike world champion Catharine Pendrel is familiar with the venue and scheduled to compete in both days of elite racing.
"Races are always better when we can draw large crowds and share our sport," Pendrel says. "I like it when people that have never watched a bike race can happen upon one and check it out and meet the people that devote their lives to it! I think the downtown venue will add energy to the riders, races and the crowds."
Friday's day one presents a morning through night slate of fun races, bike skills and heckling lessons, and special sessions for women that include a Fast and Female chat for junior riders. Activities benefit the Cancer Care Manitoba Foundation.
Canada's elite and best amateur cyclists battle for red and white maple leaf jerseys on Saturday. Maghalie Rochette and former elite champion Mical Dyck will face Pendrel among others for the elite women's title. On the men's side, current elite champion Geoff Kabush and reigning junior and U23 champions Willem Boersma and Michael van den Ham are set to compete, as well as last year's elite podium finishers Aaron Schooler and Cameron Jette.
Saturday's non-championship races highlight athletes pursuing dominance in U13, U15, and U17 categories. Concentrated and smiling faces should light up the separate kids course.
Elite riders expected to challenge Canada's best at Sunday's Manitoba Grand Prix of Cyclocross include Americans Ellen Noble and Jeremy Durrin, as well as top British rider Gabby Durrin.
With Winnipeg located within a day's drive north of Minneapolis, the UCI race is expected to draw a fair number of Americans. Cheers of national pride will echo within The Forks during Friday night's Canada versus USA relay race and Wannabe Canadian Challenge on Saturday.
Fans can view online livestreams of the weekend's elite races plus Saturday's U23 and junior men's competitions via Canadian Cycling Magazine. And in another first, the Canadian premiere of the film "Working Dogs," featuring Kabush, plays on Thursday evening.
Canadian cyclocross centerpiece
This year's championships take place earlier than the typical November calendar slot.
"Last year we ran them in the last week of November," says Nicholas Vipond, competition coordinator for Cycling Canada. "But generally that weekend in Winnipeg is under two feet of snow and minus 20 Celsius."
Canada's numbing December cold and associated ice-encrusted eyelashes can deter even the most hardened cyclocross racers from training and racing outdoors. So the Canadian 'cross season generally extends from September through November. Strong local series thrive around Vancouver and Ottawa, Vipond says. Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba operate solid provincial series.
A shorter season, significant distances between population centers, and accessibility for many Canadians to a robust number of American races leads most invested in the sport to the same conclusion: holding one or two big annual events is a better approach than building a national cyclocross series.
With only one other 2014 UCI race in Canada, the one-day C2 Cyclocross de Rimouski, the national championship becomes a singular opportunity for Cycling Canada to put on the country's biggest cyclocross event.
"It's great to have big events at 'home' because they connect our community," Pendrel says.
"For me it's a chance to get to know some of the up and comers, the organizers and families behind the racers. For developing riders, they get exposed to what bigger, faster races look like and can challenge themselves at a higher level without the challenges of international travel."
True to both grassroots Canadian cyclocross culture and European tradition, local brewer Half Pints will supply a Belgian IPA called "Dead Ringer" which it created uniquely for the Shimano Canadian Cyclocross Championships.
Winnipeg welcomes the event again next year with continued support from title sponsor Shimano.
For more information see the event website at http://winnipegcx2014.ca.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Szminka i krew – album zespołu Partia wydany w 2002 roku nakładem wydawnictwa Ars Mundi, zawierający dwa nowe utwory, covery oraz nagrana koncertowe

Lista utworów
 "Powietrze"
 "Nieprzytomna z bólu"
 "Brand New Cadillac"
 "I Don't Care"
 "Das Model"
 "Karma Chameleon"
 "Kobiety"
 "30 dni i 30 nocy"
 "Światła miasta"
 "Warszawa i ja"
 "Reve"
 "Żoliborz – Mokotów"
 "Grab the Money and Run"
 "Kim jesteś?"

Przypisy

Albumy Partii
Albumy muzyczne wydane w roku 2002
Albumy Ars Mundi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: angular ng-repeat with condition How do you do something like this in angular with ng-repeat?
I'll be using the example from the documentation which inits an array with 2 friends, what if I wanted to only do a repeat for all friends that are 26 and older?
    <!doctype html>

I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:

[{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.

A: Here is the working fiddle
   $scope.call = function(a){

    if (a.age > 26)
        return true;
    else
        return false;

}

A: I used a filter in ng-repeat to:

A: Create a custom filter.
HTML:

and

JS:
var someApp=angular.module('someApp', []);

someApp.filter('age', function() {
    return function(input, uppercase) {
        var out = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
            if(input[i].age >= 26){
                out.push(input[i]);
            }
        }
        return out;
    }
});

A: you can use "ng-show="friend.age >=26"  with the ng-repeat="friend in friends". it will only show the friends who's age is  greater than and equal to 26.

      I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:

=26">
           [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


At Metcalf Family Dentistry, we offer a range of comprehensive dental services to patients of all ages. Doctors Metcalf and Dalton have the skills and knowledge necessary to provide every patient with the care they need. With a warm and welcoming environment, our patients feel comfortable and can ask any questions they may have about their dental treatments.
For more information about any of our services or to make an appointment, feel free to contact us today! We look forward to hearing from you.


text:
Heart disease at mid-century
White, Paul D.
Biometry
PMCnull
Public Health Reports
urn:sha256:f77e9302cc3da0d3100fefa237e46e147902f5e2550053b5fd126451eb809022
Nurses for alcoholics
Lolli, Giorgio
Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus and rheumatic fever in Miami, Fla
Streitfeld, Murray M.; Saslaw, Milton S.; Doff, Simon D.;
Smoked fish as a vehicle of salmonellosis
Olitzky, I.; Perri, A. M.; Shiffman, M. A.; Werrin, M.;
Mosquitoes and encephalitis in the irrigated High Plains of Texas
Harmston, Fred C.; Shultz, George R.; Eads, Richard B.; Menzies, George C.;
Costs of care of aged and infirm residents in Florida nursing and boarding homes
Britt, Ferne Hobson; Jacks, Margaret H.;
The use of a series of TV programs to educate parents in child care
Wagner, Anne B.; Patno, Mary Ellen;
1955 summary of disease outbreaks
Dauer, Carl C.; Sylvester, Granville;
Problems in the use of tranquilizing drugs
The sanitary engineer in hurricane floods
Tetzlaff, Frank; Lauster, K. C.; Mark, Richard S.;
Urinary fluoride levels associated with use of fluoridated waters
Zipkin, I.; Likins, R. C.; McClure, F. J.; Steere, A. C.;
Health activities to combat flood damage
Palmer, Melvina F.
LePrince, malaria fighter
Sampling plan for a small household survey
Public Health Report ; v. 71, no. 8 : table of contents
Public Health Rep. 71(8)
Public Health Report ; v. 71, no. 8 : cover
Nurses for Alcoholics -- Mosquitoes and Encephalitis in Texas -- Disease Outbreak Summary-1955 -- Heart Disease at Mid-Century -- Floods and the Sanitary Engineer -- APHA Southern Branch Conference.
Public Health Report ; v. 71, no. 8 : frontispiece
Public Health Rep. 71 (8)
For the story of the late Joseph A. A. LePrince (1875-1956), a pioneer in the fight against malaria and yellow fever and a veteran campaigner against other tropical diseases, see page 756.
Fly production in treated and untreated privies
Kilpatrick, John W.; Schoof, Herbert F.;
Trends in Mortality Among Females in the United States, 1900–2010: Progress and Challenges
Hahn, Robert A.; Chang, Man-Huei; Parrish, R. Gibson; Teutsch, Steven M.; Jones, Wanda K.;
Introduction : We analyzed trends in US female mortality rates by decade from 1900 through 2010, assessed age and racial differences, and proposed explanations and considered implications. : Methods : We conducted a descriptive study of trends in mor...
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Vol. 48, no. 50, December 24, 1999
National blueprint, increasing physical activity among adults age 50 and older
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. AARP (Organization). American College of Sports Medicine. American Geriatrics Society. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). National Institute on Aging.
"The development of the National blueprint, increasing physical activity among adults age 50 and older was sponsored by AARP, American College of Sports Medicine, American Geriatrics Society, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The Nation...


text:
Q: Bootstrap Navbar breaks on Responsive page I've converted a project into being responsive using Bootstrap. The project can be viewed on http://homareno.com/
The responsive nabvar breaks on mobile view on one page only: http://homareno.com/usa.php
On that page I have to use a secondary CSS file provided by the client which is:
http://homareno.com/ResponsiveSearchForm/default.css
There seems to be a conflict there as the nav class has been re-used, however removing or renaming the class on the css file breaks the search form within the page.

A: I have some tips for you:
1:
What is title tag after header tag? You have to use title tag in <HEAD> tag.
2:
In default.css:256 you have this:
header, .resp-accordion {
    display: none !important;
}

Remove display:none or change to block.
3:
In default.css:386 you have this codes:
.mainMenu ul {
    display: block !important;
    top: 0 !important;
}

Remove top and display attributes.


text:
Difference between revisions of "Adena Culture"
Admin (Talk | contribs)

800 B.C. to A.D. 1

The Adena culture refers to the prehistoric Native Americans that lived in southern Ohio and neighboring regions of West Virginia, Kentucky, and Indiana during the Early Woodland Period. They were the first people in this region to settle down in small villages, cultivate crops, use pottery vessels, acquire exotic raw materials, such as copper and marine shell, to make ornaments and jewelry, and bury their honored dead in conical burial mounds.

The "Adena culture" is an archaeological term used to refer to a pre-contact American Indian culture that lived in Kentucky, southeastern Indiana, southwestern Pennsylvania, and most prominently in the Scioto River and Hocking Valleys in southern Ohio, and the Kanawha Valley near Charleston, West Virginia, during the Early Woodland Period (ca. 2,800-2,000 BP). The name "Adena" originates from the estate of Ohio Governor Thomas Worthington, about one and a half miles northwest of Chillicothe, Ohio, in Ross County, which he called "Adena," which Worthington's diary claims comes from a Hebrew name that "was given to places for the delightfulness of their situations." Worthington's estate was the home of a 26 foot tall ancient burial mound, hence the "Adena Mound" and "Adena culture."

This transition from a purely hunting and gathering way of life to a more settled farming way of life sometimes is referred to as the "Neolithic Revolution," but in Ohio, the process was more evolutionary than revolutionary. The Late Archaic ancestors of the Adena already had begun to gather intensively many of the plants that would become the staple crops in the Early Woodland Period and they occasionally made pottery and used copper and shell to make ornaments.

The Adena grew a variety of plants in their gardens, including squash, sunflower, sumpweed, goosefoot, knotweed, and maygrass. This set of native plants often is referred to as the Eastern Agricultural Complex. The Ohio and Mississippi Valleys were one of only seven regions in the world where people turned local plants into the basis for a food-producing economy. The consequences of this change in how people made a living would be far-reaching.

It is important to emphasize that the Adena culture is not the name of any American Indian tribe. We do not know what these people might have called themselves, or how they defined their societal or cultural groups. "Adena culture" is a term of archaeological convenience that encompasses similarities in artifact style, architecture, and other cultural practices that distinguish the Adena culture from earlier and later cultures in the region. Since the Adena Mound site exemplified all the significant features of the culture, it became the "type site" and the name of the site was applied to the entire culture.

The Adena lived in small villages near their gardens, but they likely moved frequently as they continued to follow a hunting and gathering way of life, which they supplemented with the harvest from their gardens. Adena pottery consisted of large, thick-walled vessels that likely were used to cook the ground-up seeds of the Eastern Agricultural Complex into a gruel- something like oatmeal.

The Adena cemented their ties to particular regions by burying their dead in prominent mounds that may have served as territorial markers. Sometimes the mounds would be accompanied by small, circular earthen enclosures that surrounded ritual spaces. The Miamisburg Mound, in Montgomery County, is the largest example of an Adena burial mound in Ohio.

Through research, we know the Adena people were hunter-gatherers, but also began domesticating various crops, such as squash, sunflower, sumpweed, goosefoot, knotweed, maygrass, and tobacco. These people lived in small villages near their gardens, but likely moved frequently as they followed animal herds and other food sources, such as nuts, which supplemented the harvest from their gardens. In addition to undertaking small-scale horticultural production, the Adena were also the first people to produce clay pottery in Ohio, which is characterized by large, thick-walled vessels that were likely used to cook ground seeds into an oatmeal-like substance.

By 100 B.C., some of the Adena groups had begun to build larger earthworks and expand their efforts to acquire exotic raw materials. These groups became the Hopewell culture, but many people continued to follow the old ways and in some regions, such as southwestern Ohio, the Adena culture persisted well into the 1st century A.D.

It is important to emphasize that the Adena culture is not the name of a Native American tribe. We do not know what these people might have called themselves. Instead, it is a term of archaeological convenience that encompasses similarities in artifact style, architecture, and other cultural practices that distinguish the Adena culture from earlier and later cultures in the region. The name comes from the name of the estate of Governor Thomas Worthington in Chillicothe. A large mound on this property was called the Adena Mound. Since this mound site exemplified all the significant features of the culture, it became the "type site" and the name of the site was applied to the entire culture.

The Adena cemented their ties to particular regions by burying their dead in prominent mounds that archaeologists believe may have served as territorial markers. Sometimes the mounds were accompanied by small, circular earthen enclosures that may have surrounded ritual spaces. The Miamisburg Mound in Montgomery County, Ohio, is the largest example of an Adena burial mound in the state. Based on the archaeology conducted at the time, we know that Adena burial mounds contained multiple burials and these individuals were usually accompanied with funerary objects such as bracelets, ear spools, gorgets, or large ornaments worn around the neck, and bone or stone tools. Deceased individuals were either cremated or laid on their backs in timber-lined tombs.

By around A.D. 1, some Adena groups began to build larger earthworks and to expand their efforts to acquire exotic raw materials, such as copper and mica. These later peoples are who we today refer to as the Hopewell culture, but many continued to follow the old ways in some regions, such as southwestern Ohio, and the Adena way of life persisted well into the first century A.D.

==See Also==

#Woodward, Susan L., and Jerry N. McDonald. Indian Mounds of the Middle Ohio Valley: A Guide to Mounds and Earthworks of the Adena, Hopewell, Cole, and Fort Ancient People. Lincoln: The University of Nebraska Press, 2002.
#Abrams, Elliot M. and Ann Corinne Freter. Emergence Of Moundbuilders: Archaeology Of Tribal Societies In Southeastern Ohio. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2005.
#Lepper, Bradley T. "The Adena Pipe: icon of ancient Ohio." ''Timeline'' Volume 27, Number 1, pages 2-15. 2010.
#Lepper, Bradley T. Ohio Archaeology: An Illustrated Chronicle of Ohio's Ancient American Indian Cultures. Wilmington, Ohio, Orange Frazer Press, 2005.
[[Category:Prehistory Groups]][[Category:Prehistory]][[Category:American Indians]]
Painting from the Ancient Ohio art series depicting an Early Woodland/Adena (800 BC - AD 1) gathering at a ceremonial earthwork in the Hocking River Valley.
800 B.C. to A.D. 1
The "Adena culture" is an archaeological term used to refer to a pre-contact American Indian culture that lived in Kentucky, southeastern Indiana, southwestern Pennsylvania, and most prominently in the Scioto River and Hocking Valleys in southern Ohio, and the Kanawha Valley near Charleston, West Virginia, during the Early Woodland Period (ca. 2,800-2,000 BP). The name "Adena" originates from the estate of Ohio Governor Thomas Worthington, about one and a half miles northwest of Chillicothe, Ohio, in Ross County, which he called "Adena," which Worthington's diary claims comes from a Hebrew name that "was given to places for the delightfulness of their situations." Worthington's estate was the home of a 26 foot tall ancient burial mound, hence the "Adena Mound" and "Adena culture."
It is important to emphasize that the Adena culture is not the name of any American Indian tribe. We do not know what these people might have called themselves, or how they defined their societal or cultural groups. "Adena culture" is a term of archaeological convenience that encompasses similarities in artifact style, architecture, and other cultural practices that distinguish the Adena culture from earlier and later cultures in the region. Since the Adena Mound site exemplified all the significant features of the culture, it became the "type site" and the name of the site was applied to the entire culture.
Through research, we know the Adena people were hunter-gatherers, but also began domesticating various crops, such as squash, sunflower, sumpweed, goosefoot, knotweed, maygrass, and tobacco. These people lived in small villages near their gardens, but likely moved frequently as they followed animal herds and other food sources, such as nuts, which supplemented the harvest from their gardens. In addition to undertaking small-scale horticultural production, the Adena were also the first people to produce clay pottery in Ohio, which is characterized by large, thick-walled vessels that were likely used to cook ground seeds into an oatmeal-like substance.
The Adena cemented their ties to particular regions by burying their dead in prominent mounds that archaeologists believe may have served as territorial markers. Sometimes the mounds were accompanied by small, circular earthen enclosures that may have surrounded ritual spaces. The Miamisburg Mound in Montgomery County, Ohio, is the largest example of an Adena burial mound in the state. Based on the archaeology conducted at the time, we know that Adena burial mounds contained multiple burials and these individuals were usually accompanied with funerary objects such as bracelets, ear spools, gorgets, or large ornaments worn around the neck, and bone or stone tools. Deceased individuals were either cremated or laid on their backs in timber-lined tombs.
By around A.D. 1, some Adena groups began to build larger earthworks and to expand their efforts to acquire exotic raw materials, such as copper and mica. These later peoples are who we today refer to as the Hopewell culture, but many continued to follow the old ways in some regions, such as southwestern Ohio, and the Adena way of life persisted well into the first century A.D.
Late Woodland Cultures
Adena Spear Points
Adena Pipe
[Early Woodland/Adena Culture]
Abrams, Elliot M. and Ann Corinne Freter. Emergence Of Moundbuilders: Archaeology Of Tribal Societies In Southeastern Ohio. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2005.
Lepper, Bradley T. "The Adena Pipe: icon of ancient Ohio." Timeline Volume 27, Number 1, pages 2-15. 2010.
Lepper, Bradley T. Ohio Archaeology: An Illustrated Chronicle of Ohio's Ancient American Indian Cultures. Wilmington, Ohio, Orange Frazer Press, 2005.
Woodward, Susan L., and Jerry N. McDonald. Indian Mounds of the Middle Ohio Valley: A Guide to Mounds and Earthworks of the Adena, Hopewell, Cole, and Fort Ancient People. Lincoln: The University of Nebraska Press, 2002.
Retrieved from "https://ohiohistorycentral.org/index.php?title=Adena_Culture&oldid=36427"
Prehistory Groups


text:
/**
 * Network error functions.
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package com.github.klane.wekanet.function.error;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Like many of you, I have stressed over my garden this year. I had mentioned in a previous article that my garden was not growing – even with silver bells and cockle shells – like I wanted it to. But then came the rains, along with the e-mails and phone calls full of suggestions, and the garden seems to have taken an all-or-nothing attitude and is growing at full production.
So as I sit on the front porch writing this article, I am distracted by the gigantic squash plants and imagining gallons of zucchini-green chile soup and loaves upon loaves of bread. As the mind continues to wander, I start thinking on a larger scale about local foods and how all of us can help support our local food economy.
One thing all of us can do is to find time while we are at the La Plata County Fair and visit the animals. Many of the kids – 4-H and FFA, alike – devote hundreds of hours into taking care of the animals. But we also need to see, and promote, the larger picture of agriculture in our area. These young adults will hopefully be one of the faces of agriculture in the future, and we need to let them know that we support the idea of local production.
After the Fair, the CSU Extension office and Healthy Lifestyle La Plata will be putting on a number of events to showcase locally grown food.
On Aug. 28, Chris Crowl from Cosmopolitan restaurant and Vera Hansen from Cyprus Cafe will compete in the first of two cook-offs at the third Annual Iron Horse Chef Competition at the Durango Farmers Market. One of the best spectator events of the year, the Iron Horse Chef is about having fun. We also try to show off the spectrum of local goodies you buy (farmers market), how to prepare them (amazing chefs), and how to support local agriculture (farms and ranches). The winner of that event will go against the defending champion, Ryan Lowe of the Ore House, on September 11th.
In its fourth year, the Tour de Farms, which highlights what is unique, healthy and homegrown about our agricultural community, will be held September 5th. This year we will have two separate rides – an in-town, five-mile "family friendly" route that will visit public and private gardens, and a 30-mile leisurely ride through the Animas Valley to visit James Ranch, Linnaea Farms and others.
Register for the rides at www.heal thylifestylelaplata.org. It's best to sign up early, because it typically fills up quickly.
The Eat Local Challenge, which will be held September 5 through 12, is a celebration of local food – our gardens and farms, our local restaurants and chefs, and our locally owned, independent retailers. Think of the Eat Local Challenge as a pledge drive to support the local food economy. After this weekend, visit www.local-first.org to read about the ways to step up and make a difference.
Share the food, share the bounty and share some of that hard-earned dollar.
And don't be surprised if you find zucchini on your doorstep.
parmenterdm@co.laplata. co.us or 382-6464. Darrin Parmenter is director and horticulture agent of the La Plata County Extension Office.


CHARLOTTE, N.C. --- The Tusculum University women's basketball team is ranked 10th in the latest D2SIDA Southeast Region rankings, through games of December 2.
The Pioneers (4-2) dropped a pair of South Atlantic Conference road games last week to fall six positions in the poll. Tusculum lost 67-54 at Anderson on Wednesday, then fell at Catawba on Saturday by a score of 64-51.
There was a great deal of volatility in this week's rankings, with no team remaining in the same position as last week, and three teams moving four spots or more in the poll. Tusculum is one of five SAC teams in this week's rankings, up from four the week before.
North Georgia is the top team is this week's rankings, followed by Wingate and a tie for third between Carson-Newman and Barton. Newberry checks in at fifth, with Lander in sixth and former top-ranked team Columbus State all the way down in seventh. Anderson and Clayton State enter this week's rankings at eighth and ninth, respectively, with Tusculum rounding out the poll in 10th.
The Pioneers do have victories over two teams that are regionally ranked by D2SIDA this week -- Clayton State by a 65-62 score on Nov. 15 and Virginia State, ranked seventh in the Atlantic Region, by a 74-48 margin on Nov. 19.
The Pioneers will be home to play Newberry on Sunday, Dec. 9 at 2 p.m. at Pioneer Arena in their only action this week.


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ELAC Womens Basketball
ELAC women's basketball moves to the next round after a down to the wire win
The women's basketball team beat Ventura College on the last shot of the game on Thursday.
Delilah Kimble-Gray scored the game-winner that advanced the Huskies to the next round of the playoffs.
Multiple players got double digits in points.
ELAC celebrates student-athletes
East Los Angeles College faculty and students gathered together at the front of the school to celebrate the athletes from the spring and fall season on Thursday.
COVID-19 disrupts women's basketball team recruitment
It's been a tough situation for East Los Angeles College Head Coach Bruce Turner with the pandemic still ongoing.
"[COVID-19] has affected recruiting and our numbers," Turner said.
The team currently has 14 players on the roster. There are nine sophomores and five freshmen on the team. Three players are still pending to join the team.
Delilah Kimble Grey gets scouted
Delilah Kimble Gray played at the East Los Angeles College men's gym for a high school all-star game. She was then scouted by Assistant Coach Wilbert Knight.
Sports Feature: Women's basketball looks to rebuild after injury— plagued season
Assistant coach Wilbert Knight of the Women's Basketball team talked about how he felt the team performed this past season. He spoke about how he envisions the team will succeed next season.
Women's basketball player signs with Kansas State
By Dorany Pineda When Anastasia Tsybaeva's was in seventh grade, she stood at five feet ten inches. Despite having never played, her physical education teacher convinced her to join the basketball club. She was the only girl among 40 boys. "After two days I quit because everybody was making fun of me," Tsybaeva said. "They're like 'How are you so tall and you can't play?'" It wasn't until her freshman…
Women's basketball upset by No. 8 Siskiyous
By Dan Gudino Women's basketball seeded No.2 was upset by No. 8 seed College of Siskiyous at Las Positas College, 93-81 last Friday. Sophomore Katrina Reeves led all Huskies with 23 points, eight rebounds and two steals. Sophomore Tiffani Martinez scored 22 points and five rebounds. Martinez went quiet for the second half because she scored 14 of her 22 points in the first half. Martinez led in the SCC-North…
Women's basketball advances to Elite Eight
By Dan Gudino Sophomore guard Allissa Gomez scored 14 points in overtime, sending women's basketball to the Elite Eight of the state playoffs after an intense 70-64 win at home against Pasadena City College on Saturday. With two minutes to go in the game, Gomez splashed a go-ahead jump shot, falling to the floor on her back as she was fouled. She then closed the game with five straight free…
Women's basketball continues No. 1 in state
By Rogelio Alvarez Women's basketball defeated Los Angeles Trade Technical College, 81-62 last Friday at home, extending its win streak to seven. East Los Angeles College, currently ranked No. 1 in the state, has an overall 24-2 record and 7-1in Southern Coast Conference North play. ELAC is tied for first place in the SCC North Conference. "We had a great second half. We played team basketball, played some great defense…
Women's basketball closes 2016 with tournament championship
By Dan Gudino Women's basketball hosted and won the 4th annual Husky Classic Tournament on Thursday, beating Saddleback College 67-58. East Los Angeles College, finishes 2016 as the No. 1 team in the state with a 14-1 record. It was a rematch of the 5th Saddleback Lady Gaucho Classic Tournament back in November, where the Huskies beat Saddleback in the tournament final, 62-57. The win against Saddleback granted the Huskies…
Latest Issue: Fall 2022 Issue 11 Pup Edition
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To remove the existing steel bracelet from an S/el requires that it be dismantled, working from the clasp end towards the watch. Unlike other metal bracelets the S/el one cannot simply be removed intact by detaching it from the watch end - each link has to be separated until you are left with the two on the watch that the leather band attaches to. The links have to be pulled apart (they are joined by a pin with a groove at the end, see our images above). Sometimes you can get them apart by pulling and twisting, but you may need to use a soft pry tool. For anyone with reasonable manual dexterity this is not particularly difficult, but it is a little fiddly and time-consuming.
If you are based in the EU we can perform the conversion for you if you send your watch in to us - please contact us for further details.


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Tribal History
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Native American Tribes & the Indian History in Modale, Iowa
Home / Native Americans in Iowa / Native American Tribes & the Indian History in Modale, Iowa
Ages before the terms Native American or Indian were necessary, the tribes were spread all over the Americas. Before any white man set foot on this territory, it was settled by the forefathers of bands we now call Sioux, or Cherokee, or Iroquois.
For thousands of years, the American Indian grew its culture and legacy without interference. And that history is fascinating.
From Mayan and Incan ruins, from the mounds left in the central and southern parts of what is now the U.S. we have learned much. It's a story of beautiful artwork and deep spirituality. Archaeologists have unearthed highly elaborate structures and public works.
While there was inescapable tribal conflict, that was simply a slight blemish in the tale of our ancestors. They were at peace with this beautiful continent and intensely plugged into nature.
The European Settler Arrives
When European leaders dispatched the first ships in our direction, the plan was to discover new resources – however the quality of weather and the bounty of everything from wood to wildlife subsequently changed their tune. As those leaders heard back from their explorers, the motivation to colonize spread like wildfire.
The English, French and Spanish rushed to carve up the "New World" by sending over inadequately prepared colonists as fast as they could. Initially, they skirmished with the alarmed Indians of America's eastern seaboard. But that shortly gave way to trade, because the Europeans who arrived here learned that their survival was doubtful with no native help.
Thus followed decades of comparative peace as the settlers got themselves established on American soil. But the pressure to push inland followed soon after. Kings and queens from thousands of miles away were anxious to find even more resources, and some colonists came for independence and adventure.
They wanted more space. And so began the process of forcing the American Indian out of the way.
It took the form of cash arrangements, barter, and notoriously, treaties which were nearly uniformly neglected after the Indians were moved away from the land in question.
The U.S. government's policies towards Native Americans in the second half of the nineteenth century were influenced by the desire to expand westward into regions inhabited by these Native American tribes. By the 1850s nearly all Native American tribes, roughly 360,000 in number, lived to the west of the Mississippi River. These American Indians, some from the Northwestern and Southeastern territories, were confined to Indian Territory located in contemporary Oklahoma, while the Kiowa and Comanche Native American tribes shared the area of the Southern Plains.
The Sioux, Crows and Blackfeet dominated the Northern Plains. These Native American groups experienced hardship as the steady stream of European immigrants into northeastern American cities pushed a stream of immigrants into the western lands already inhabited by these diverse groups of Indians.
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The early nineteenth century of the United States was marked by its continual expansion to the Mississippi River. However, due to the Gadsden purchase, that lead to U.S. control of the borderlands of southern New Mexico and Arizona in addition to the authority over Oregon country, Texas and California; America's expansion did not end there. Between 1830 and 1860 the U.S. practically doubled the amount of acreage within its control.
These territorial gains coincided with the arrival of hordes of European and Asian immigrants who wanted to join the surge of American settlers heading west. This, combined with the discovery of gold in 1849, presented attractive possibilities for those ready to make the huge trip westward. Therefore, with the military's protection and the U.S. government's assistance, many settlers started establishing their homesteads in the Great Plains and other parts of the Native American tribe-inhabited West.
Native American Policy can be defined as the regulations and operations made and adapted in the United States to summarize the relationship between Native American tribes and the federal government. When the United States first became a sovereign nation, it implemented the European policies towards the local peoples, but over two centuries the U.S. adapted its own widely varying regulations regarding the evolving perspectives and necessities of Native American supervision.
In 1824, in order to apply the U.S. government's Native American policies, Congress created a new bureau within the War Department called the Bureau of Indian Affairs, which worked directly with the U.S. Army to enforce their policies. At times the federal government recognized the Indians as self-governing, separate political communities with different cultural identities; however, at other times the government attempted to compel the Native American tribes to give up their cultural identity, give up their land and assimilate into the American culture.
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With the steady flow of settlers into Indian controlled land, Eastern newspapers circulated sensationalized reports of savage native tribes committing widespread massacres of hundreds of white travelers. Although some settlers lost their lives to American Indian attacks, this was not the norm; in fact, Native American tribes often helped settlers cross the Plains. Not only did the American Indians offer wild game and other necessities to travelers, but they served as guides and messengers between wagon trains as well. Despite the good natures of the American Indians, settlers still feared the risk of an attack.
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To quiet these concerns, in 1851 the U.S. government placed a conference with several local Indian tribes and established the Treaty of Fort Laramie. Within this treaty, each Native American tribe accepted a bounded territory, allowed the government to construct tracks and forts in this territory and pledged not to go after settlers; in return the federal government agreed to honor the boundaries of each tribe's territory and make gross annual payments to the Indians. The Native American tribes responded quietly to the treaty; in fact the Cheyenne, Sioux, Crow, Arapaho, Assinibione, Mandan, Gros Ventre and Arikara tribes, who signed the treaty, even consented to end the hostilities amongst their tribes in order to accept the conditions of the treaty.
Navajo Jewelry is Celebrated Worldwide by American Indian Art Collectors
This peaceful agreement between the U.S. government and the Native American tribes didn't last long. After hearing tales of fertile terrain and tremendous mineral wealth in the West, the government soon broke their promises established in the Treat of Fort Laramie by allowing thousands of non-Indians to flood into the region. With so many newcomers moving west, the federal government established a plan of limiting Native Americans to reservations, small swaths of land within a group's territory "" set aside exclusively for Indian use, to be able to grant more territory for "" non-Indian settlers.
In a series of new treaties the U.S. government made Native Americans to surrender their land and migrate to reservations in exchange for protection from attacks by white settlers. In addition, the Indians were offered a yearly payment that would include cash in addition to foodstuffs, animals, household goods and farming equipment. These reservations were established in an attempt to pave the way for increasing U.S. growth and administration in the West, as well as to keep the Native Americans separate from the whites in order to decrease the chance for conflict.
History of the Plains Indians
These accords had many complications. Most significantly many of the native peoples didn't altogether understand the document that they were signing or the conditions within it; further, the treaties did not acknowledge the cultural practices of the Native Americans. In addition to this, the government departments responsible for applying these policies were weighed down with poor management and corruption. In fact most treaty terms were never implemented.
The U.S. government rarely honored their side of the agreements even when the Native Americans went quietly to their reservations. Dishonest bureau agents often sold off the supplies that were intended for the Indians on reservations to non-Indians. Additionally, as settlers demanded more property in the West, the federal government continually reduced the size of reservation lands. By this time, most of the Native American peoples were unhappy with the treaties and angered by the settlers' persistent appetite for land.
A Look at Native American Symbols
Angered by the government's dishonest and unfair policies, several Native American tribes, including bands of Cheyennes, Arapahos, Comanches and Sioux, fought back. As they fought to maintain their territories and their tribes' survival, over a thousand skirmishes and battles broke out in the West between 1861 and 1891. In an effort to coerce Native Americans onto the reservations and to end the violence, the U.S. government responded to these skirmishes with costly military operations. Obviously the U.S. government's Indian policies were in need an adjustment.
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Native American policy changed radically following the Civil War. Reformers believed that the scheme of pushing Native Americans inside reservations was far too strict even while industrialists, who were worried about their land and resources, viewed assimilation, the cultural absorption of the American Indians into "white America" as the only permanent strategy for ensuring Native American survival. In 1871 the federal government enacted a critical law stating that the United States would not treat Native American tribes as independent nations.
This law signaled a drastic change in the government's relationship with the native peoples – Congress now viewed the Native Americans, not as countries outside of its jurisdictional control, but as wards of the government. By making Native Americans wards of the "" government, Congress imagined that it was better to make the policy of assimilation a broadly recognised part of the cultural mainstream of America.
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Many U.S. government officials viewed assimilation as the most effective solution to what they viewed as "the Indian problem," and the single permanent strategy for protecting U.S. interests in the West and the survival of the American Indians. In order to accomplish this, the government urged Native Americans to relocate out of their customary dwellings, move into wooden homes and turn into farmers.
The federal government handed down laws that required Native Americans to abandon their traditional appearance and way of life. Some laws banned common religious practices while others required Indian males to cut their long hair. Agents on more than two-thirds of American Indian reservations established courts to impose federal polices that often restricted traditional cultural and religious practices.
To speed the assimilation course, the government started Indian facilities that attempted to quickly and forcefully Americanize Indian youth. According to the director of the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, the schools were developed to "kill the Indian and save the man." In order to achieve this goal, the schools forced enrollees to speak only English, put on proper American fashion and to replace their Indian names with more "American" ones. These new regulations helped bring Native Americans closer to the conclusion of their classic tribal identity and the start of their daily life as citizens under the full control of the U.S. administration.
Native American Treaties with the United States
In 1887, Congress handed down the General Allotment Act, the most important element of the U.S. government's assimilation program, which was created to "civilize" American Indians by educating them to become farmers. In order to make this happen, Congress wanted to establish non-public title of Indian property by splitting up reservations, which were collectively held, and providing each family their own plot of land.
In addition to this, by pushing the Native Americans onto limited plots of land, western developers and settlers could purchase the remaining land. The General Allotment Act, referred to as the Dawes Act, required that the Indian lands be surveyed and each family be given an allotment of between 80 and 160 acres, while unmarried adults received between 40 to 80 acres; the remaining territory was to be sold. Congress was hoping that the Dawes Act would break up Indian tribes and stimulate individual enterprise, while trimming the cost of Indian supervision and providing prime property to be purchased by white settlers.
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The Dawes Act turned out to be catastrophic for the American Indians; over the next decades they lived under regulations that outlawed their traditional way of living yet failed to offer the critical resources to support their businesses and families. Splitting the reservations into small parcels of land led to the significant decrease of Indian-owned land. Within three decades, the tribes had lost more than two-thirds of the region that they had controlled before the Dawes Act was enacted in 1887; the majority of the remaining land was purchased by white settlers.
Regularly, Native Americans were cheated out of their allotments or were forced to sell their land in order pay bills and provide for their own families. Consequently, the Indians were not "Americanized" and were routinely unable to become self-supporting farmers or ranchers, as the makers of the Act had expected. Further, it generated anger among Indians toward the U.S. government, as the allotment method often ruined land that was the spiritual and societal focus of their activities.
Between 1850 and 1900, life for Native Americans changed significantly. Due to U.S. administration policies, American Indians were forced from their housing as their native lands were parceled out. The Plains, which they had previously roamed alone, were now filled up with white settlers.
The Upshot of the Indian Wars
Over the years the Indians have been cheated out of their territory, food and way of living, as the federal government's Indian policies shoved them inside reservations and tried to "Americanize" them. Many American Indian bands could not survive relocation, assimilation and military loss; by 1890 the Native American population was lowered to less than 250,000 persons. Due to generations of discriminatory and corrupt policies implemented by the United States government between 1850 and 1900, life for the American Indians was changed permanently.
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After 15 years of working in the natural medicine industry, I have witnessed many patients struggle to afford the natural journey they would desire. As a result, they self-diagnose and may not be receiving the right treatment. I realized how important it is to make natural medicine affordable, safe and informed for those who do not have the budget to spend on expensive consultations. This website addresses the need for professional advice regarding natural remedies taking into account any medical aspects.


The BRIT Awards take place tonight - the famously uncool, but always entertaining show that celebrates British pop in all its many forms.
We'll be there at the show, tweeting live updates from the event itself. Click back later tonight to see all the red carpet arrivals, news and action.
This evening's show, broadcast live on ITV from 8pm, will feature an eclectic array of performances - here's what we're most excited about.
To be clear, we don't think Kanye is the Messiah - this is a comparison he gives himself. Whether you like Kanye or not, he's set to pack a good set and we're hoping, praying that it'll feature a surprise performance from Rihanna and Paul McCartney, whom he collaborated with on FourFiveSeconds.
Yes, the more cynical among you will say that Take That should take the hint and call it quits, not even quiet Jason wants to be part of the band any more (fool), but die-hard fans will agree that the manband grow more handsome with each passing year, their new music is as uplifting as hoped and Gary Barlow's eyes are as kindly as ever. He's also getting much better at dancing (there is a mild possibility of rose tinted tunnel vision here).
Dear Taylor, please, please can you sing Shake It Off - the song that's been getting us out of bed every morning since 2 January? Please cam you dress like a cheerleader in the brightest of colours and please, please notice us in the audience and ask us to come for a sleepover afterwards. We could eat Minstrels and watch Audrey Hepburn films in silk pyjamas that we know you keep aside for guests. We promise we won't ditch you for Rihanna and a depraved night out like some people did after the Met Ball (Ok, maybe we would, but it'd be nice to have the option).
James Corden is gone and Ant and Dec are in - their first time hosting the event since 2001. We don't know how to feel as they are now primarily the domain of Saturday night TV, but we're interested in seeing what they have to bring to the Brits table.
Madonna set the bold fashion bar very high (or extremely low depending on how you look at it) at the Grammys with her strange bum-bearing ensemble. It'll take a lot to top that, but we reckon the Queen of Pop has another daring outfit up her sleeve. Bring it, Madge, bring it.
Just where will Sam Smith put another award?
He already has won Brit under his belt, with the 2014 Critics Choice, but he's up for another five this year - including Best Male Solo Artist. He received four Grammys earlier this month, and we imagine he'll be adding a few more to his mantelpiece after tonight. Post-event, he'll be hosting one of the most exclusive after-parties on a boat, of course.


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The Name Project
Name Project: Phoebe Lovatt
The Name Project seeks to understand how our names shape our character and the role it plays in our identity.
Some reflect our cultural backgrounds.
Others are indicative of our parents' values, interest and ideologies.
This week's Name Project features Phoebe Lovatt, founder of the WW Club. The WW Club is a co-working space and virtual platform, for women who do creative work to collaborate or just share ideas with each other and well...work. Phoebe, whose name means 'radiant' or 'bright' admits that she likes that that's what her name means. Her name has played an important role in not only the woman she aspires to be but the energy of those she's attracted to. "I really respond to people who I feel have a sense of light about them, whether they're energized in some way or lit up from within." With the growing number of creative women who have become apart of the WW Club from Los Angeles to her hometown London, it seems Phoebe has already fulfilled the prophecy of her name and has inspired women worldwide to radiate in their own ways as well.
We all have a name, that subsequently has a story. Here is Phoebe's name story.
IG: phoebelovatt
Directed and shot by Antoinette Brock. Post production/editing by http://fromforeign.co


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We live in weird times. Our president delivers policy statements by midnight tweet, and the opposing political party seems poised, at least this week, to recruit their own TV star to run against him in the next election. Recreational marijuana use is now at least partly legal in twenty-nine states, including the largest by population, and yet the federal government is reversing its prior reversal of strict prohibition. Foundational tenets of the republic like birthright citizenship suddenly seem up for discussion again, 150 years after passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Perhaps our relatively stable postbellum political sphere is merely beginning to show its age. After all, whatever one might say about the Red Scare, the Cold War, 1968, or the War on Terror, Americans have avoided a second civil war. Nuclear warmongers and "doomsday preppers" aside, there are still thoughtful people out there willing to find political solutions to big problems. I think.
The political strife we face today in the American public sphere is similar, in some ways, to the debates in that past era of sectional and ideological strife that resulted in war over slavery. The issues are different, but lives remain at stake for many immigrants, for the abused, for young black men, and for poor and sick Americans of any age. Abolitionism won in the end. It might behoove us, left or right, to consider the ethos of a winning cause.
Mathew B. Brady, carte de visite of Susan B. Anthony, c. 1870. Courtesy of the Library of Congress.
Women's rights, abolition, and temperance advocate Susan B. Anthony preached this message of radical empathy to white Americans in an effort to help them understand and feel what their complicity in slavery was doing to black people. In an 1859 speech, Anthony began by reminding her audience of the "four millions of thinking, acting, conscious beings, like ourselves, driven to unpaid toil" under "the sanction of this professedly Christian, Republican Government," but quickly left figures behind as she described the lived experiences of enslaved people.
"Let us, my friends, … make the slave's case our own," she asked. "Let us feel that it is our own children, that are ruthlessly torn from our yearning mother hearts, and driven into the 'coffle gang,' … to be sold on the auction block to the highest bidder." Anthony framed the problem of slavery in personal terms—narrative instead of numbers—that might help white people creatively imagine themselves in the place of their fellow human beings with different colored skin.
"Make the slave's case our own," c. 1859, Susan B. Anthony Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Courtesy of American Memory.
"Were we, ourselves, the victims of this vilest oppression the sun ever shone upon," she continued, "no appeal to the Bible or Constitution, no regard for peace and harmony in our religious or political associations … could for a moment quiet our consciences, silence our voices, or stay our action." Reminding her audience members of their own desires for freedom and liberty, Anthony pointed to the hypocrisy of Americans whose respect for "law and order," property rights, and political decorum would quickly crumble if they were the ones being victimized.
Recent debates over federal health care policy, tax rules, and spending priorities have demonstrated precisely the kind of "blind reverence" for the rules and preservation of our "political associations" that Anthony warned would fall apart the moment privileged folks experience the harsh realities their policies prescribe for others. Congress's continued failure to fund the Children's Health Insurance Program would surely be remedied if their own children were dependent on it. And how might immigration policy or climate change action have unfolded differently in the past twenty years if loyalty to party had not trumped the lives of DREAMers and citizens of tiny island nations?
Empathy is at least a part of the answer, and Anthony made a case that thoughtful white Americans could not in good conscience deny, though many still chose to do so.
Anthony and her white abolitionist colleagues were not themselves without moral taint, as recent scholarship has explained. After the war, white women's rights advocates could not agree on the prioritization of black male or white female suffrage, causing an ugly rift that would take a generation to heal. Stanton aimed her own racism at immigrants in the later nineteenth century. Studies have rightly pointed out how abolitionists' fetishization of black bodies in pain reinforced old tropes, tropes of which western culture has still not fully divested itself. We may still learn from the successes and shortcomings of "moral suasion," nonetheless.
As in the 1850s, much of the responsibility falls on white people to engage in radical empathy to address our political logjam. Wealth, gender identity, citizenship, sexuality, religion, and many other factors determine who has the power to make change. As Americans work toward their ideal of "all people created equal"–by abolishing racism, sexism, poverty, and all inequitable treatment of human beings–we will likely find like Americans long before us that tweet-storms and self-righteous tirades of all stripes do little to persuade others who are, fundamentally, just like us.
Radical empathy sounds like it is exactly what we need. Thank you for an instructive article. Best wishes on your career at Chico State. Being a Lake County resident I feel like we are neighbors.
I look forward to reading more articles from you.


Home > Blog > How Much Should Picture Framing Cost?
How Much Should Picture Framing Cost?
The cost of picture framing should not greatly exceed the cost of the art to be framed.
Picture framing is expensive. One reason has to do with the fact that most traditional frame shops practice conservation framing to the exclusion of any other kind. Conservation framing is a costly method that seeks to preserve the long term value of art for generations to come.
But when you think about it, most items don't need to be preserved for so long. Most art is purchased to fill empty wall space and express a personal aesthetic. The idea that future generations will share in this aesthetic and want to continue displaying it is kind of a stretch.
What's more, many art pieces have low intrinsic value. They may cost the buyer less than $400 and then lose value over time. Other art, such as posters and digital prints, are probably not worth much to begin with and will probably not increase in value over time.
To spend lavishly to frame them on the remote chance that they will become valuable in the future plays on a fear born of ignorance. We are all aware of art that we cherish that was imperiled because some numbskull didn't know how to frame it properly. But we have mostly forgotten about the art that got put out by the dumpster because it no longer appealed to anyone. What if someone had paid top dollar to have all that stuff framed!
So how much should we be paying to have things framed?
Not everything should be conservation framed.
Employing a strictly logical measure, the cost of framing should not greatly exceed the cost of the art itself. The cost of embellishing something should not cost more than the thing to be embellished.
Given the intrinsic cost of picture framing – the cost of a frame, mat, glass and backing – it is often difficult to achieve this commonsense objective, but that doesn't mean you shouldn't try. When art has little or no inherent value and will probably not be handed down from generation to generation, you should try to hold down the cost of framing it.
Holding down the cost of framing doesn't mean that the framing has to be cheap or inferior. When framed art is hung on the wall, it may look just fine, and to an unstudied eye may look as good as something that costs far more. So why pay more?
That's true. But it's also true that spending four times the cost of an item to have it framed is bad economics, no matter how you slice it.
Many professional framers take the view that picture framing is like quality furniture building; it requires superior materials, deft craftsmanship and a good aesthetic eye. But even the best furniture builder will not tell you that a good sofa pillow should cost more than the sofa, or that the canopy on a four poster bed should cost more than the bed.
Which is not to say there is no place for high end, custom picture framing of the kind traditional frame shops typically specialize in, just that high end framing should be reserved for high end art. If the art costs $1,000 to purchase, than paying $400 to have it framed makes good fiscal sense.
But if the art costs $200, paying $400 to have it frame borders on recklessness.
So how do you pay a commensurate value for picture framing if traditional frame shops discourage you from doing so?
There are some ways, which we will explore in the final post in this series, entitled: How Can You Reduce the Cost of Picture Framing.
Why is Picture Framing So Expensive?


A big congratulations to Caitlyn and Michael on their wedding day today at The Acre Orlando it was a picture perfect ceremony and a super fun reception. It was a pleasure working with 4Rivers BBQ. We were honored to provide DJ Services for their special day!


We form relationships with our customers through regular communication, keeping them updated on how water treatment programs are delivering the best results.
Your phone calls are answered by a person, not a computer, to ensure a swift response to your needs.
You gain access to our extended network of industry specialists.


text:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace Outlander.Core.Tests
{
	[TestFixture]
	public class LearningRateTester
	{
		[Test]
		public void retrieves_all()
		{
			Assert.AreEqual(35, LearningRate.All().Count());
		}

		[Test]
		public void retrieves_clear()
		{
			Assert.AreEqual(LearningRate.For(0), LearningRate.Clear);
		}

		[Test]
		public void defaults_to_clear_for_unkown()
		{
			Assert.AreEqual(LearningRate.For(57), LearningRate.Clear);
			Assert.AreEqual(LearningRate.For(-1), LearningRate.Clear);
			Assert.AreEqual(LearningRate.For(string.Empty), LearningRate.Clear);
			Assert.AreEqual(LearningRate.For("abcd"), LearningRate.Clear);
		}
	}
}


text:
Odegaard: 'It was a soft penalty'
Martin Odegaard was disappointed in the officiating in Arsenal's 2-1 loss to Manchester City, highlighting the 'soft' penalty they were given.
Speaking to beIN Sport after the game, Odegaard voiced his disappointment at the loss.
The feeling is not good, obviously. I think we played a great game, we managed to play our game, we put them under pressure, we created a lot of good situations, we scored the first goal and I feel like we controlled the game pretty well. Then you have three situations that go against us, and It's obviously hard to take, but we did a good performance, and we did everything we could."
Odegaard looked to have been caught by City goalkeeper Ederson in the box but referee Stuart Atwell didn't review the footage.
To me, I took the ball first, and then he kicked my leg and that's my opinion. Their penalty? It's a very soft one. You can see it on the replay, he goes down, then Granit takes his shirt, but he's already on the way, and the referee was standing behind, and he said no penalty and saw it clearly, and then on the camera you can always make it look worse, but to me, it's very soft, so it's frustrating."
Arsenal defender Gabriel was sent off for two quick yellow cards in succession, a contentious decision which turned the game in City's favour.
I don't want to say too much about it, to be honest. I think after the penalty there were a lot of emotions, and it's very easy to give a second yellow card like this, and also the first one is very easy. It's frustrating. "
Despite the loss, the young Arsenal squad gave a scintillating display and look to have improved massively since their 5-1 loss to City at the start of the season.
Yeah, of course, if you look at the progress from our first game against them until now, it's huge. We're close to being at their level, we showed that in a lot of moments today in the game. With 11 players, I think we were controlling the game, we were leading, we played a great game. Even with 10 players, we've defended well because they didn't create much before the last chance and the goal. We have to take the good things out of the game and keep going because we've improved a lot. It's hard to take when you lose like this, we have to take the good things out of the game and keep going and keep improving and strike back in the next game."
Club NewsOdegaard
OFFICIAL: Spurs v Arsenal postponed
Aston Villa linked Emile Smith Rowe
Willian close to Corinthians move
Ramsdale: 'Inconsistent decisions today'
Aubameyang linked with Newcastle move


Countdown – 17 days to go!
Just 17 days to go! Today's countdown message is an important one. Christmas! A time for celebrating togetherness, community spirit and for many people a reminder of a religious, important message for that time of year. We haven't forgotten that in our plans for the forthcoming Festive Event.
This year is the turn of new Blantyre minister Murdo MacDonald, of Livingstone Memorial Church, who will conduct a brief service accompanied by Christmas Carols ahead of the festive lights being switched on. Whatever your religious beliefs, Christmas is a time for all the community to get together, celebrate what we're blessed to have and to look out for each other.
On Sunday 26th November, we invite everybody to come along at 4pm for this service. It's being held outside the large marquee at David Livingstone Centre Grounds prior to the switch on at 4.15pm.


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A believer loves, and is grateful to God for the bounties. He bestowed upon him, but being aware of the fact that his good deeds, whether mental or physical, are far from being commensurate with Divine favors, he is always anxious lest God should punish him, here or in the Hereafter. He, therefore, fears Him, surrenders himself to Him and serves Him with great humility. One cannot be in such a mental state without being almost all the time mindful of God. Remembering God is thus the life force of faith, without which it fades and withers away.


This Go Dogs Paw Prints Bow will remind you of the 101 Dalmations running away from the mean Cruella Deville! This is a double layered bow, the bottom is a black 1.5" wide grosgrain ribbon. The top layer is a white 7/8" satin ribbon that is covered with black dog foot prints. The center is wrapped into a french knot with a white grosgrain ribbon, which holds the black sheer ribbon in place as it runs through the center of the bow. GO Dogs GO!


❶Then the woman would turn her head back to face computer and did not looked so happy about that, her facial expression appears less happy than before.
The girl was wearing a pink blouse and white pants. I think she was Hispanic. She was about 40 inch tall and weighed around 30 pounds. I could hear when her mom called her Diana. For her age, she had a perfect physical development because I could see how she ran with other girls of the same age.
She was jumping the string, and playing hides and seeks, so I could tell that the girl was healthy and had good physical development. Also she used branches of the trees as if they were magic wands, so I realized that Diana is in the section of mental representation Make-believe-play. She developed a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks. Instead, it seems that these theories simply rely on different sets of data.
For instance, in determining the stage of cognitive development, I had to examine whether the child is able to speak a language, while in the case of psychosexual theory, I needed to see if the child still wears diapers. Therefore, it seems that these theories simply explain different aspects of development even though the general conclusions that they reach aspire to explain the entire developmental process by means of the theoretical mechanisms that they use.
One could, perhaps, try to explain cognitive development in light of the psychosexual theory, or conversely, but, in my view, that would not make for a very sound and elegant theory. Development Throughout the Lifespan. Social Behavior and Interpersonal Skills of Children ages years old: Let us create the best one for you!
The primal importance of a child's bond to its mother has always been recognised, and is a topic that has fascinated people for thousands of years. Playwrights from Sophocles to the modern day have explored this, and in more recent times psychologists have devoted much research and conjecture to understanding it. Among psychologists, there is much debate about exactly how important this attachment is, and why.
At the turn of the century, the treatment of new-born babies was regarded as having little significance for later life, as babies were thought to be immune to influence. This idea, like many others prevalent at that time, was attacked by Sigmund Freud. He believed see Freud, for a synopsis, but this theory was put forward considerably earlier that the relationship a child has with its mother is a prototype on which all future relationships are based. Freud's theory held that the child becomes attached to its mother because she is its source of food, hence she gratifies its most basic needs.
Slightly later in childhood, the drive for food is supplemented by another basic drive - the need for sexual pleasure. According to Freud's theory, the mother, who is already an object of love because of her role in satisfying the first need, becomes an object of desire with whom the child wants to gratify its sexual desire this is with reference to boys - an equivalent mechanism was proposed for girls, but much criticised, and Freud eventually admitted to not understanding female sexuality.
In the normal course of growing up, the child comes to accept that this can not be, and sets out to become an adult, and find another figure with whom to satisfy this need.
Naturalistic Observation essays When given the assignment of Naturalistic Observation, observing at Starbucks seemed like a great idea. Starbucks is a place where people just go to talk and read, with the university being nearby I expected to see college students studying. Starbucks is a well known.
Naturalistic Observation This paper is going to describe the behavioral and cognitive traits that can be inferred from that behavior of a two year old child that I observed in the park as she was playing with her mother. The child that I observed is a girl, has blonde hair and is physically well-developed for her age.
View Essay - Sample Paper on Naturalistic observation from PSYCH at University of Michigan. 1 Men and Women: Who Touches More? Sample Paper 2 I) Introduction This study was a%(15). Although it seems like naturalistic observation and participant observation are simply categories, you should understand that there is a really a continuum of intrusion into the environment. It depends on the extent to which the researcher is involved in the research study.
Observation Paper Glondys Rodriguez Naturalistic Observation My observation took place in a park where a birthday party was celebrating. I looked at a girl of 6 years old or so. The girl was wearing a pink blouse and white pants. I think she was Hispanic. She was about 40 inch tall and weighed around 30 [ ]. Naturalistic observation involves recording subjects' naturally occurring behavior while they are in their natural environment. This experiment revolves around this type of observation. Specifically, it involves the observation of the various human dyads (male-female, male-male, female-female.


1) A chef to cook dinner for me.
2) Might as well have a maid to clean it up.
3) An afternoon coffee... that would hit the spot.
7) Replies to the three emails I sent.
8) A color printer/photocopier at school that I can use.
9) Warmer temps. The sun is deceptive.
10) Not having morning duty.
I can agree with all of that...except the coffee.
It will get warmer, I promise! And I agree that a foot massage would be a wonderful addition to this day.
My boyfriend cooks for me, but I need so much 2) and 9).


text:
Mazowsze, także Mazovia – łacińska nazwa Mazowsza
 Korporacja Masovia wł. Konwent Masovia - Korporacja Studentów Uczelni Poznańskich – męska organizacja akademicka

Zobacz też:
 Mazovia


Home › Bible › what kind of light is your church?
what kind of light is your church?
Yesterday morning at church part of me wanted to leave my seat to take photographs, but I recognized the fact that I would have become more of an observer than a participant, and I didn't want to interrupt the depth and the beauty of the worship experience.
It was one of those mornings where the profound presence of God facilitates such a visceral emotional connection that the experience becomes overwhelming, and even Presbyterians find themselves standing with tears streaming down their faces, a lump in their throat, and – if they're not careful – their hands in the air.
Part of it was the music, part of it was the preaching (thanks, Rebekah), part of it was the fact that the CLC was packed full with the worshipping community, part of it was the sense of unity that comes when we take communion together.
During the serving of the elements, I watched the people lining up to take the bread and the wine, and I couldn't help but notice how many family groups – parents and children together – came forward, how many teens, how many young adults in their twenties and thirties, and I felt a great sense of joy, and promise. and expectation for our future as the Body of Christ.
Then, during the Sunday-school hour, my discipleship class had its best attendance to date… and we were interrupted several times by youth leaders scrambling for chairs because so many high-school teens showed up… and the confirmation class has 31 8th-graders… and there's this palpable shift in momentum around here, an ongoing initiative of the Holy Spirit that has this entire campus buzzing like a power-grid substation humming with so much voltage it makes your hair stand on end just standing around.
Overall it was a busy weekend, so I'll summarize with a few photos. This first image is from Saturday evening, when Rebekah was asked to officiate at a simple wedding ceremony in the living room of a beautiful home. Hank and Brenda Patrick have been an important part of the life of WFPC for many years, and when their son's wedding at the North Carolina Arboretum was washed out by the relentless rains, they quickly relocated to their home.
There is a special closeness when people take their vows in a family home; and I was conscious of the privilege of being invited to share in the intimacy of such an occasion. More and more, Rebekah and I being drawn into the heart of the people here in Wake Forest; and – more and more – we are falling in love.
Finally, I have to post this image from our daughter, Naomi – just before the family headed to church yesterday morning. It was World Communion Sunday, and so Rebekah and I were able to share our experience of unity with our children and grandchildren in Richmond, as well as Andrew and Alicia, breaking bread together in Uzbekistan, nine time zones to our east.
Through everything I have shared in this post, the power of the witness of Christian unity is hard to miss. In her sermon, Rebekah pointed out how critically important it is that we allow the light of Christ to shine in and through us in this dark world. There is no better witness for Jesus than to love our brothers and sisters; there is no greater threat to the Kingdom than our division.
Praying the Holy Spirit keeps that light shining brighter and brighter for and through your community!
Very nice…you are a "shining light example" of the Body of Christ with your words!


text:
Crider Family photographs
Overview This collection consists of nine cartes de visite and cabinet cards, along with a remembrance card for S.M. Crider. Other people represented here are Benjamin H. Crider and Bertha Dewberry.
Overview Various postcards of Carrollton and West Georgia region buildings, houses, and churches and scenes of the University of West Georgia campus.
Repository: University of West Georgia Special Collections X
Subject: Carrollton (Ga.) -- History X
Subject: Carroll County (Ga.) X
Carroll County (Ga.) -- Photographs 3
Carrollton (Ga.) -- History 3
Carrollton (Ga.) 2
Adamson Square (Carrollton, Ga.) -- Photographs 1
Carroll County (Ga.) 1
Carroll County (Ga.) -- Genealogy 1
Carroll County (Ga.) -- History 1
Carroll County (Ga.) -- History, Local 1
Fourth District Agricultural and Mechanical School (Carrollton, Ga.)--History. 1
Genealogy 1
Local history 1
Public schools--Carroll County--Georgia--United States. 1
Tallapoosa (Ga.)--Photographs. 1
Universities and colleges--Georgia--Bowdon. 1
West Georgia College--History. 1
West Georgia College 2
Bonner House (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Bottling Plant (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Carrollton City Hall (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Carrollton Fire Department (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Carrollton High School (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Carrollton Presbyterian Church (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Crider family 1
First Baptist Church (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
First National Bank (Carrollton, Ga.). 1
Fitts Drug Store (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Fourth District Agricultural and Mechanical School (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Halcyon Club (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
Hotel Clifton (Carrollton, Ga.) 1
House, Myron W. (Myron Wade), 1951- 1
Mandeville Mills, Inc. 1
State University of West Georgia 1


text:
New Zealand welcomes 2023 with fireworks
STORY: The fireworks show from Auckland's 328-metre tall Sky Tower returned after the cancellation of last year's fireworks due to concerns over the coronavirus Omicron variant.
The display lasted five minutes with 500 kilograms of pyrotechnics launched from the tower with the Auckland Harbour Bridge also illuminated.
Revellers watched on as brightly coloured single star comets and multiple fireworks shot into the night sky.
Prince Harry's 'Spare': Meghan Markle's attempt to 'distance' herself amid Hollywood fallout
According to a new report, the Duchess of Sussex "may have raised gentle concerns" about Prince Harry's memoir "Spare" and whether it was the right move.
Luis G. Rendon/The Daily Beast/GettyRussia is building up a network of fortifications and trenches along the front in Ukraine, in apparent anticipation of a new round of heavy fighting, according to satellite imagery analysis shared exclusively with The Daily Beast.The analysis from Brady Africk, an open-source intelligence analyst, shows that Russia is building up fortifications all along the front in Luhansk, from the Russian border down to Donetsk, and throughout Zaporizhzhia and Kherson.The
Auckland Smashed by Almost a Full Summer of Rain in a Day
Torrential rains, flash floods lash Auckland; Elton John concert cancelled
State of Emergency Declared in Auckland as Flooding Hits
'Once-in-a-lifetime' green comet to light up the skies: how to watch it from the UK


text:
Call to book01904 521 936
With its varied history and mixed influences from a number of different countries, Montreal boasts a rich cultural heritage. After being settled by French colonists in 1642, Montreal was taken by the British in the 1750s. Though there was a strong resentment among many of the citizens, the city nevertheless emerged as the major economic, financial and transportation hub of Canada. This ushered in a new era of wealth, and during this time much of the stunning architecture seen in the city today was built. Today, Montreal offers many interesting museums and beautiful green spaces, and the city remains a favoured tourist spot.
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Our customers love our Montreal tours
"It was well organized. Dr. Keith Diffy was friendly to everyone. He always kept us aware of what we would be doing. What time to meet in the lobby or at the bus. He would organize a dinner ( optional) so we could meet each other.
Mrs A Moehead
"Fantastic experience Kay our tour manager was very professional and helpful. Thoroughly enjoyed the company of our fellow travelers. The accommodation was superior and the overnight stays and tours excellent
Vieux Montreal
Montreal's Old Town is an area of immaculately restored buildings and pretty cobbled streets. Brimming with charming cafés and inviting restaurants, it has some of the best examples of 18th century architecture in all of North America - and a visit here seems almost essential.
When completed in 1829, this was North America's largest religious building. From the outside alone, the building is impressive, but its dazzling interior of gold leaf, and stained-glass windows is simply breathtaking. In fact, the cathedral's designer was so impressed with his masterpiece that he converted to Catholicism so he could be buried there.
A great green space affording magnificent views over the city below, as well as a fine expanse of parkland to wander about in. Among the highlights of the park is St Joseph's Oratory, a magnificent basilica that has become an important American pilgrimage destination.
McCord Museum of Canadian History
A highly enjoyable museum detailing some of Canada's story - from the First Nation People's materials and carvings to photographs from the early 20th century. Named after the man who made the museum possible, the museum is one of Montreal's best-loved attractions.
Where to go when - Autumn
14/05/2020 · By Sukie Chapman
'Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness' begins the famous ode, 'To Autumn' by John Keats, in which he extolls the virtues of finding beauty in unexpected places.
Around the World by Train with Tony Robinson: USA
08/04/2019 · By Katie Shaw
Iconic rail journeys, authentic cowboy ranches, hungry gators and energetic cities: it's the final instalment of Tony Robinson's worldwide rail adventure, and he's in the grand old USA.
Canada vs. the U.S.A
04/07/2018 · By Lorna Heatley
What is it about July that makes countries want to claim their Independence? Yes, we're definitely blaming the month here.
The Wildlife of Canada
Canada is an untamed treasure trove of beautiful, wild landscapes and remarkable native wildlife.
Banff National ParkBritish ColumbiaCalgaryChurchillHalifaxJasper National ParkKamloopsNiagara FallsTorontoVancouverVictoriaWinnipeg