text:
Dialogos of Eide
PLato said,"Look to the perfection of the heavens for truth," while Aristotle said "look around you at what is, if you would know the truth" To Remember: Eskesthai
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The mechanism that explains why our universe was born with 3 dimensions: a 40-year-old puzzle of superstring theory solved by supercomputer →
The Nature of Reality
Posted on December 28, 2011 by PlatoHagel
The last major changes to the periodic table was done in the middle of the 20th Century. Glenn Seaborg is given the credit for it. Starting with his discovery of plutonium in 1940, he discovered all the transuranic elements from 94 to 102. He reconfigured the periodic table by placing the actinide series below the lanthanide series. In 1951, Seaborg was awarded the Noble prize in chemistry for his work. Element 106 has been named seaborgium (Sg) in his honor.A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODIC TABLE
How do you attempt to describe it?
Photo by Graham Challifour. Reproduced from Critchlow, 1979, p. 132.
"I'm a Platonist — a follower of Plato — who believes that one didn't invent these sorts of things, that one discovers them. In a sense, all these mathematical facts are right there waiting to be discovered."Harold Scott Macdonald (H. S. M.) Coxeter
In my perspective the Platonic solids were a first attempt at trying to describe reality?
The Body Canvas
Over the holiday period I had but a moment to peruse the latest article by Matt Strassler. It's called, " A New Particle at the LHC? Yes, But… " Also Update:LHC: is χb(3P) a new particle?
Holding these thoughts I had a bit of time to think as to how one might go about this other then the ways on which we have particularize the particles of energy collisions that are decay products of the energy involved? I understand what he is saying so the following was sure to follow.
Picture of the 1913 Bohr model of the atom showing the Balmer transition from n=3 to n=2. The electronic orbitals (shown as dashed black circles) are drawn to scale, with 1 inch = 1 Angstrom; note that the radius of the orbital increases quadratically with n. The electron is shown in blue, the nucleus in green, and the photon in red. The frequency ν of the photon can be determined from Planck's constant h and the change in energy ΔE between the two orbitals. For the 3-2 Balmer transition depicted here, the wavelength of the emitted photon is 656 nm.
N category and the Hydrogen spectrum
So many thoughts go through my mind not just of the orbitals or Bohr's model, but of how we might have looked at new elements created to have them classed in Mendeleev's the table of elements. Describing these elemental signatures to have them assigned a space" in between" of those we have already mapped.
Proceedings of Societies [Report on the Law of Octaves]
Mr. JOHN A. R. NEWLANDS read a paper entitled "The Law of Octaves, and the Causes of Numerical Relations among the Atomic Weights."[41] The author claims the discovery of a law according to which the elements analogous in their properties exhibit peculiar relationships, similar to those subsisting in music between a note and its octave. Starting from the atomic weights on Cannizzarro's [sic] system, the author arranges the known elements in order of succession, beginning with the lowest atomic weight (hydrogen) and ending with thorium (=231.5); placing, however, nickel and cobalt, platinum and iridium, cerium and lanthanum, &c., in positions of absolute equality or in the same line. The fifty-six elements[42] so arranged are said to form the compass of eight octaves, and the author finds that chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine are thus brought into the same line, or occupy corresponding places in his scale. Nitrogen and phosphorus, oxygen and sulphur, &c., are also considered as forming true octaves. The author's supposition will be exemplified in Table II., shown to the meeting, and here subjoined:–
The shapes of the first five atomic orbitals: 1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, and 2pz. The colors show the wave function phase. These are graphs of ψ(x,y,z) functions which depend on the coordinates of one electron. To see the elongated shape of ψ(x,y,z)2 functions that show probability density more directly, see the graphs of d-orbitals below.
Qualitative understanding of shapes
The shapes of atomic orbitals can be understood qualitatively by considering the analogous case of standing waves on a circular drum.[19] To see the analogy, the mean vibrational displacement of each bit of drum membrane from the equilibrium point over many cycles (a measure of average drum membrane velocity and momentum at that point) must be considered relative to that point's distance from the center of the drum head. If this displacement is taken as being analogous to the probability of finding an electron at a given distance from the nucleus, then it will be seen that the many modes of the vibrating disk form patterns that trace the various shapes of atomic orbitals. The basic reason for this correspondence lies in the fact that the distribution of kinetic energy and momentum in a matter-wave is predictive of where the particle associated with the wave will be. That is, the probability of finding an electron at a given place is also a function of the electron's average momentum at that point, since high electron momentum at a given position tends to "localize" the electron in that position, via the properties of electron wave-packets (see the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for details of the mechanism).
This relationship means that certain key features can be observed in both drum membrane modes and atomic orbitals. For example, in all of the modes analogous to s orbitals (the top row in the illustration), it can be seen that the very center of the drum membrane vibrates most strongly, corresponding to the antinode in all s orbitals in an atom. This antinode means the electron is most likely to be at the physical position of the nucleus (which it passes straight through without scattering or striking it), since it is moving (on average) most rapidly at that point, giving it maximal momentum.
A mental "planetary orbit" picture closest to the behavior of electrons in s orbitals, all of which have no angular momentum, might perhaps be that of the path of an atomic-sized black hole, or some other imaginary particle which is able to fall with increasing velocity from space directly through the Earth, without stopping or being affected by any force but gravity, and in this way falls through the core and out the other side in a straight line, and off again into space, while slowing from the backwards gravitational tug. If such a particle were gravitationally bound to the Earth it would not escape, but would pursue a series of passes in which it always slowed at some maximal distance into space, but had its maximal velocity at the Earth's center (this "orbit" would have an orbital eccentricity of 1.0). If such a particle also had a wave nature, it would have the highest probability of being located where its velocity and momentum were highest, which would be at the Earth's core. In addition, rather than be confined to an infinitely narrow "orbit" which is a straight line, it would pass through the Earth from all directions, and not have a preferred one. Thus, a "long exposure" photograph of its motion over a very long period of time, would show a sphere.
In order to be stopped, such a particle would need to interact with the Earth in some way other than gravity. In a similar way, all s electrons have a finite probability of being found inside the nucleus, and this allows s electrons to occasionally participate in strictly nuclear-electron interaction processes, such as electron capture and internal conversion.
Below, a number of drum membrane vibration modes are shown. The analogous wave functions of the hydrogen atom are indicated. A correspondence can be considered where the wave functions of a vibrating drum head are for a two-coordinate system ψ(r,θ) and the wave functions for a vibrating sphere are three-coordinate ψ(r,θ,φ)
s-type modes
Mode u01 (1s orbital)
p-type modes
Mode u11 (2p orbital)
d-type modes
Mode u21 (3d orbital)
So yes understanding that if you had Einstein crossing the room it becomes important to wonder about what gathering capabilities allow such elements to form other then students. You are looking for something specific?
String theory isn't just another quantum field theory, another particular finite list of elementary particles with some interactions. It's an intellectually and literally multi-dimensional reservoir of wisdom that has taught us many things of completely new kinds that we couldn't foresee. The Reference Frame: LHC: is a new particle?: LHC: is χb(3P) a new particle?
This entry was posted in Law of Octaves, Mendeleev, Orbitals and tagged Law of Octaves, Mendeleev, Orbitals. Bookmark the permalink.
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Windows 10, 8.1 users that were looking for Apple to release support for their iCloud Control Panel can finally rejoice as Cupertino has made this available in the latest iCloud Control Panel version. Below are more details.
Windows 10, 8.1 users that have been using Apple's products have been plagued with a lot of issues, a recent one being with iTunes crashing in Windows 10, 8.1. But now comes some good news for those of you who where complaining that there was no support for the iCloud Control Panel software.
iCloud keeps mail, contacts, and calendars up to date between your iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Mac, and Windows PC, and lets you share calendars and task lists. iCloud also keeps your Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Google Chrome bookmarks on Windows in sync with your Safari bookmarks on iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, and Mac.
With My Photo Stream, iCloud automatically downloads the photos you take with your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch to your PC, — and any photos you add to My Photo Stream are automatically available on your other devices set up with iCloud. You can also share photos and videos with just the people you choose, and invite friends to add their own photos, videos, and comments with iCloud Photo Sharing.
The latest iCloud Control Panel version finally brings support for Windows 10, 8.1, as well as the fact that signing into the iCloud Control Panel will now automatically sign you into Outlook, as well. You can use the iCloud Control Panel software in Windows 10, 8.1 to view and manage your iCloud account, such as e-mails, bookmarks, photos, and more, as well as see the available storage space. Download it following the link from below.
Many iCloud users usually need more than the 5GB of storage space that they get when signing up. You can increase your storage plan, starting at 50GB for $0.99. if you've got many photos, videos and documents to store, then you should definitely consider upgrading your storage space.
Open iCloud > navigate to Storage > View Account.
Enter your Apple credentials > Follow the on-screen instructions.


25th June 2015 - The Infinigate Group announced that it has significantly increased its turnover for the recently ended fiscal year by 18.5%, recording 239 million Euros. As one of Europe's leading VADs (Value Added Distributors) of IT Security solutions, Infinigate now has operations in 8 European countries with its recent expansion into France last year.
The recently closed fiscal year 2014/15 (1.4.2014 - 31.3.2015), Infinigate Group's turnover reached 239 million Euros, representing an 18.5% increase in revenue and an exceptionally high growth in profits of more than 30%. This marked the Group's tenth consecutive year of record sales growth. Infinigate has achieved a compound annual growth rate of 29% per year over the past 10 years and profit before depreciation CAGR of 31%.
While industry analysts indicate that the IT security market grew by 5.3% last year, Infinigate's organic growth rate of 18.5% proved more than three times the average market growth, resulting in the capture of additional market share which further strengthened its position in Europe.
Most IT VADs in Europe provide a broad range of IT solutions, making it difficult to build any specialization. Infinigate believes that its success is driven predominately by their clearly defined strategy and strong IT security focus. Infinigate live and breathe IT security which has enabled them to develop a deep level of expertise around leading, cutting-edge security solutions and to offer a high standard of technical support. Only with this focus and a certain passion, a true VAD is able to deliver the market expectation of high service quality and market development for vendors and partners. Business growth is then only a logical consequence of this strategy.


text:
<?php

/* Backend/Product/add.html.twig */
class __TwigTemplate_1100ad4dca91017144cd7a331c76f11f9d11b8e83d5b4c6f7f1551d4a99cd054 extends Twig_Template
{
    public function __construct(Twig_Environment $env)
    {
        parent::__construct($env);

        // line 1
        $this->parent = $this->loadTemplate("Backend/layout.html.twig", "Backend/Product/add.html.twig", 1);
        $this->blocks = array(
            'title' => array($this, 'block_title'),
            'css' => array($this, 'block_css'),
            'body' => array($this, 'block_body'),
            'js' => array($this, 'block_js'),
        );
    }

    protected function doGetParent(array $context)
    {
        return "Backend/layout.html.twig";
    }

    protected function doDisplay(array $context, array $blocks = array())
    {
        $this->parent->display($context, array_merge($this->blocks, $blocks));
    }

    // line 2
    public function block_title($context, array $blocks = array())
    {
        echo "Thêm sản phẩm";
    }

    // line 3
    public function block_css($context, array $blocks = array())
    {
        // line 4
        echo "    <link href=\"/assets/Backend/plugins/Magnific-Popup-master/dist/magnific-popup.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\">
    <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/assets/Backend/plugins/html5-editor/bootstrap-wysihtml5.css\" />
    <link href=\"/assets/Backend/plugins/select2/dist/css/select2.min.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" />
";
    }

    // line 8
    public function block_body($context, array $blocks = array())
    {
        // line 9
        echo "

 Thêm sản phẩm

    <form action=\"/san-pham/create\" method=\"POST\" id=\"dinhkemform\" enctype=\"multipart/form-data\">

Thông tin sản phẩm

                                        Tên

                                            <input type=\"text\" id=\"ten\" name=\"ten\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Tên loại sản phẩm\" required>

                                        Loại sản phẩm

                                            <select class=\"select2 m-b-10 select2-multiple\" name=\"id_producttype[]\" style=\"width: 100%\" multiple=\"multiple\" data-placeholder=\"Chọn thuộc tính nhóm\">
                                                <option value=\"\">Chọn loại sản phẩm</option>
                                                ";
        // line 43
        if (($context["producttype"] ?? null)) {
            // line 44
            echo "                                                    ";
            $context['_parent'] = $context;
            $context['_seq'] = twig_ensure_traversable(($context["producttype"] ?? null));
            foreach ($context['_seq'] as $context["_key"] => $context["item"]) {
                // line 45
                echo "                                                        <option value=\"";
                echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, twig_get_attribute($this->env, $this->getSourceContext(), $context["item"], "_id", array()), "html", null, true);
                echo "\">";
                echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, twig_get_attribute($this->env, $this->getSourceContext(), $context["item"], "ten", array()), "html", null, true);
                echo "</option>
                                                        ";
                // line 46
                if (twig_get_attribute($this->env, $this->getSourceContext(), $context["item"], "childs", array())) {
                    // line 47
                    echo "                                                            ";
                    $context['_parent'] = $context;
                    $context['_seq'] = twig_ensure_traversable(twig_get_attribute($this->env, $this->getSourceContext(), $context["item"], "childs", array()));
                    foreach ($context['_seq'] as $context["_key"] => $context["child"]) {
                        // line 48
                        echo "                                                                <option value=\"";
                        echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, twig_get_attribute($this->env, $this->getSourceContext(), $context["child"], "id", array()), "html", null, true);
                        echo "\">   --- ";
                        echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, twig_get_attribute($this->env, $this->getSourceContext(), $context["child"], "ten", array()), "html", null, true);
                        echo "</option>
                                                            ";
                    }
                    $_parent = $context['_parent'];
                    unset($context['_seq'], $context['_iterated'], $context['_key'], $context['child'], $context['_parent'], $context['loop']);
                    $context = array_intersect_key($context, $_parent) + $_parent;
                    // line 50
                    echo "                                                        ";
                }
                // line 51
                echo "                                                    ";
            }
            $_parent = $context['_parent'];
            unset($context['_seq'], $context['_iterated'], $context['_key'], $context['item'], $context['_parent'], $context['loop']);
            $context = array_intersect_key($context, $_parent) + $_parent;
            // line 52
            echo "                                                ";
        }
        // line 53
        echo "                                            </select>

                                        Mô tả

                                            <textarea class=\"mota form-control\" id=\"mota\" name=\"mota\" rows=\"5\" placeholder=\"Mô tả ...\"></textarea>

                                        Mô tả chi tiết

                                            <textarea name=\"motachitiet\" id=\"motachitiet\" class=\"form-control\"></textarea>

                                        Hình ảnh

                                                <input type=\"file\" name=\"dinhkem[]\" class=\"dinhkem btn btn-info\" multiple accept=\"image/*\" placeholder=\"Chọn hình ảnh\" style=\"display:none;\" />
                                                 Chọn hình ảnh

                                          <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"md_checkbox_26\" name=\"status\" class=\"filled-in chk-col-blue\" value=\"1\" checked />
                                          Hiển thị

Thuộc tính sản phẩm

                                        <select name=\"id_attribute[]\" class=\"form-control custom-select select2\" style=\"width: 100%; height:36px;\">
                                        ";
        // line 101
        if (($context["attributes"] ?? null)) {
            // line 102
            echo "                                            ";
            $context['_parent'] = $context;
            $context['_seq'] = twig_ensure_traversable(($context["attributes"] ?? null));
            foreach ($context['_seq'] as $context["_key"] => $context["attribute"]) {
                // line 103
                echo "                                                <option value=\"";
                echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, twig_get_attribute($this->env, $this->getSourceContext(), $context["attribute"], "_id", array()), "html", null, true);
                echo "\">";
                echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, twig_get_attribute($this->env, $this->getSourceContext(), $context["attribute"], "ten", array()), "html", null, true);
                echo "</option>
                                            ";
            }
            $_parent = $context['_parent'];
            unset($context['_seq'], $context['_iterated'], $context['_key'], $context['attribute'], $context['_parent'], $context['loop']);
            $context = array_intersect_key($context, $_parent) + $_parent;
            // line 105
            echo "                                        ";
        }
        // line 106
        echo "                                        </select>

                                        <input type=\"number\" name=\"gia[]\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Giá\" required>

                                        <input type=\"number\" name=\"giaban[]\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Giá bán\" required>

                                        <input type=\"number\" name=\"soluong[]\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Số lượng\" required value=\"1\">

                                            <input type=\"file\" name=\"hinhanh[]\" style=\"display:none;\" accept=\"image/*\" class=\"image-icon\"/>

                            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"btn btn-info\">  Cập nhật</button>
                             Trở về
                             Thêm thuộc tính

</form>
";
    }

    // line 144
    public function block_js($context, array $blocks = array())
    {
        // line 145
        echo "

";
    }

    public function getTemplateName()
    {
        return "Backend/Product/add.html.twig";
    }

    public function isTraitable()
    {
        return false;
    }

    public function getDebugInfo()
    {
        return array (  273 => 166,  269 => 165,  265 => 164,  244 => 145,  241 => 144,  201 => 106,  198 => 105,  187 => 103,  182 => 102,  180 => 101,  130 => 53,  127 => 52,  121 => 51,  118 => 50,  107 => 48,  102 => 47,  100 => 46,  93 => 45,  88 => 44,  86 => 43,  50 => 9,  47 => 8,  40 => 4,  37 => 3,  31 => 2,  11 => 1,);
    }

    public function getSourceContext()
    {
        return new Twig_Source("", "Backend/Product/add.html.twig", "C:\\wamp64\\www\\mvcframework\\App\\Views\\Backend\\Product\\add.html.twig");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A national day of action against welfare reform so protests outside WINZ offices across the country. "We believe the National Party has utilised beneficiaries as the scapegoats of NZ which is unfair considering the tax cuts that they gave to the rich" says The Peoples Collective NZ.
150 people marched through Dunedin. They called for Prime Minister John Key to resign and Social Development and Employment Minister Paula Bennett to "go to hell". Dozens of people protested outside WINZ in Wellington, Christchurch and Auckland. Despite the unseasonable rain there was still a good cross-section of the public in attendance in Auckland and it was great to see some fresh faces – both first-time protesters and first-time citizen journalists, gathered to witness the dissent against the impending cuts. Smaller protests also took place in Rotorua, Hamilton, Tauranga, Nelson, Kaikohe and Hawkes Bay.
Today, PM John Key announced that the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) unlawfully intercepted Kim Dotcom and others in the Megaupload case.
Key says the Crown has filed a memorandum in the High Court in the Megaupload case advising the Court and affected parties that the GCSB had acted unlawfully while 'assisting' the cops to locate certain individuals subject to arrest warrants issued in the case. The GCSB had acquired communications in some instances without statutory authority.
Updates: DotCom snooping more evidence GCSB is not under control | Crown Law also Dotcom lawbreakers?
Beneficiaries who have had enough of the attacks on them by this government will be picketing Work and Income (WINZ) offices across the country in a national day of action.
The National Day Of Action Against Welfare Reform is being called for Friday October 5 by the Facebook group Occupy WINZ. The group is coordinating with people and organisations across New Zealand who oppose the governments agenda for welfare reform and are calling for people to join in protests on the day.
Details of events are being coordinated in towns and cities throughout the country and will be posted on the National Day Of Action Against Welfare Reforms page as they are organised.
Houston-based oil giant Anadarko has committed to test-drilling three deep sea oil wells in Canterbury and Taranaki in 14 months. Anadarko, who owned 25% of the Deepwater Horizon rig in the Gulf of Mexico that spilled millions of barrels of oil last year, are planning to drill at sea-depths of up to 1500 metres in what can only be described as a recipe for disaster.
The 'Nanny State' is a term frequently used by right-wingers to decry state regulation of big business, particularly in relation to workers rights and environmental destruction. The negative association with women, and mothers in particular, is a frequent tool of the right.
Three young men have today pleaded guilty to conspiracy to charges arising from FBI infiltration and targetting of Occupy Cleveland. Douglas L. Wright, 26, of Indianapolis; Brandon L. Baxter, 20, of Lakewood, Ohio; and Connor C. Stevens, 20 have plead to charges of conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, attempted use of a weapon of mass destruction, and attempted use of an explosive device to destroy property used in interstate commerce.
The FBI case is based on a paid informant and the procurement of fake explosive devices that were provided to the men. An undercover FBI agent sold the men inoperable detonators and plastic explosives and authorities arrested them on April 30 after determining that they planned to proceed with the attack.
Immigration officers have spent two weeks training at the NZ Police College to exercise new powers to enter premises and detain people for deportation under the Immigration Act. There is no guarantee that there will not be a return to the racist 'dawn raids' of the 1970s in which Pacific Island communities particularly in South Auckland were subjected to violent early morning raids as police searched for overstayers.
Monsanto and DuPont vice presidents of biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology respectively are among the keynote speakers at a major international biotech conference in Rotorua next week (Sept 2-6). The 12th International Conference for Agricultural Biotechnology will include some New Zealand genetic engineers giving presentations.
While not all biotech involves genetic engineering, Organic NZ anticipates that a number of speakers and attendees will be promoting GE as the solution to our agricultural problems, when in fact it will only create more problems. Organic farming is the clean, green, sustainable solution.
Today, the Court of Appeal issued a judgment on the second bail application of Tame Iti and Rangi Kemara, two of the 'Urewera 4' who were jailed for 2.5 years for firearms convictions on 24 May this year. The Court denied their application for bail.
The substantive decision of the Court of Appeal on both the convictions and the sentences for all four people - Tame, Rangi, Urs and Emily - is still forthcoming.
Global Peace and Justice Auckland is organising a protest outside the Defence Force Army Centre at 204 Great North Road, Grey Lynn from 12 noon this Sunday 26th August to call for New Zealand troops to be brought home from Afghanistan where five have been killed in the past three weeks for no material purpose.
October 13: Decentralised occupations nationwide!
The destiny of Christchurch - a neoliberal or ethical human rights culture for the rebuild?
Crown Law also Dotcom lawbreakers?
Syria: Total solidarity with the people, down with the dictatorship.
There have been no other press items in the last week.


Just got an CBS Sports Alert that Magic Johnson has stepped down and stunned the Lakers with his resignation.
Even Magic doesn't want to play with LeBron.
Best way out for Magic, there is no way they ever wanted to publicly fire him.
Might as well make Lebron the official President of the Lakers. With Magic gone, Lebron probably will have now complete say in exactly how the roster will look. So might as well give him the President title.
He already was. Magic being gone is irrelevant to that.
Earvin was a horrible hire for many reasons, including: getting rid of D LO, Randle, and drafting Ball. Plus screwing up the AD talks. A good lotto pick plus prime free agents plus development of young Lakers will have Lebron in the mix next year.
Stephen A. says the issue was an internal front office battle with GM Rob Pelinka. Magic wanted to fire both Luke and Pelinka. Pelinka is supported by Kobe and Jeannie Buss didn't want to get rid of Pelinka. Magic saw it wasn't going to work and opted out.


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Infinite Detention, Military Police and the Denial of Resident Rights
A couple of days ago, I receive a few emails regarding provisions in the newest Senate Defense Authorization Bill which would allow military to arbitrarily arrest and detain individuals anywhere over the globe. Senate Bill 1867 mostly regards boring defense budget appropriations and general administrative issues. However, sections 1031 and 1032 directly address detainee issues. I have attached the text at the end of this post.
At issue is the proposed exemption of US citizens and permanent residents from arbitrary military arrest and detainment. Senators Levin and McCain along with others on the Senate Defense Sub-Committee has proposed removing the exemptions, allowing the military to detain anyone it likes, anywhere it likes.
Unfortunately, I must confess that I did not catch this nuance at first and referred only to the original text of the document. I had to insert said foot into said mouth when I got past the poor representation of the issue which was rich on sensationalism and poor on details. For that, I stand up and willingly state that I WAS FUCKING WRONG and now have to come out against this travesty of American Justice.
Fortunately, the Obama administration has vowed to veto the Appropriations Bill if the exemptions for US Citizens and Permanent Residents is not included, according to Democratic Senator Udall of Colorado, who is fighting to keep the exemptions. This alone will likely facilitate the inclusion of exemptions that will protect at least legal US residents.
However, the fact that this measure has gotten this far in the legislative process should be troubling for everyone, particularly if one has any memory of the awful Bush years (though this memory seems to be fading as fast as the battery in my laptop). We've sown a path of an increasing disregard for human rights, free speech, free expression and political dissent in this country.
The Obama admin should be applauded for threatening to veto the bill in its current state, but the Obama admin itself has been lax on issues of political liberty and human rights. We still have Guantanamo, still the admin pursues a policy of assassination of enemies abroad (though truthfully, I doubt anyone misses Awlacki or Bin Laden), and the admin is notably silent on issues of violent suppression of political dissent in the recent OWS protests.
Equally troubling, though less discussed, is the exemption covering only US citizens and permanent residents. This potentially could leave the door wide open for miltary arrests and arbitrary detention of undocumented immigrants, for example, or persons the political establishment does not care for, who happen to be here on temporary work visas or holiday. However unsurprising, the measure could even make the Supreme Court's docket (though I'm no expert on Constitutional law), as a clear affront to Constitutional protections of due process for all in the United States, citizen, legal resident or no.
To those I have mislead, please accept my apology. Below is the text of the controversial sections as they were before the removal of the exemptions:
Update: I've been informed that this is the new version of the text that does not include the exemption mentioned above.
Subtitle D–Detainee Matters
SEC. 1031. AFFIRMATION OF AUTHORITY OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE UNITED STATES TO DETAIN COVERED PERSONS PURSUANT TO THE AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILITARY FORCE.
(a) In General- Congress affirms that the authority of the President to use all necessary and appropriate force pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107-40) includes the authority for the Armed Forces of the United States to detain covered persons (as defined in subsection (b)) pending disposition under the law of war.
(b) Covered Persons- A covered person under this section is any person as follows:
(1) A person who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored those responsible for those attacks.
(2) A person who was a part of or substantially supported al-Qaeda, the Taliban, or associated forces that are engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners, including any person who has committed a belligerent act or has directly supported such hostilities in aid of such enemy forces.
(c) Disposition Under Law of War- The disposition of a person under the law of war as described in subsection (a) may include the following:
(1) Detention under the law of war without trial until the end of the hostilities authorized by the Authorization for Use of Military Force.
(2) Trial under chapter 47A of title 10, United States Code (as amended by the Military Commissions Act of 2009 (title XVIII of Public Law 111-84)).
(3) Transfer for trial by an alternative court or competent tribunal having lawful jurisdiction.
(4) Transfer to the custody or control of the person's country of origin, any other foreign country, or any other foreign entity.
(d) Construction- Nothing in this section is intended to limit or expand the authority of the President or the scope of the Authorization for Use of Military Force.
(e) Requirement for Briefings of Congress- The Secretary of Defense shall regularly brief Congress regarding the application of the authority described in this section, including the organizations, entities, and individuals considered to be `covered persons' for purposes of subsection (b)(2).
SEC. 1032. REQUIREMENT FOR MILITARY CUSTODY.
(a) Custody Pending Disposition Under Law of War-
(1) IN GENERAL- Except as provided in paragraph (4), the Armed Forces of the United States shall hold a person described in paragraph (2) who is captured in the course of hostilities authorized by the Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107-40) in military custody pending disposition under the law of war.
(2) COVERED PERSONS- The requirement in paragraph (1) shall apply to any person whose detention is authorized under section 1031 who is determined–
(A) to be a member of, or part of, al-Qaeda or an associated force that acts in coordination with or pursuant to the direction of al-Qaeda; and
(B) to have participated in the course of planning or carrying out an attack or attempted attack against the United States or its coalition partners.
(3) DISPOSITION UNDER LAW OF WAR- For purposes of this subsection, the disposition of a person under the law of war has the meaning given in section 1031(c), except that no transfer otherwise described in paragraph (4) of that section shall be made unless consistent with the requirements of section 1033.
(4) WAIVER FOR NATIONAL SECURITY- The Secretary of Defense may, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Director of National Intelligence, waive the requirement of paragraph (1) if the Secretary submits to Congress a certification in writing that such a waiver is in the national security interests of the United States.
(b) Applicability to United States Citizens and Lawful Resident Aliens-
(1) UNITED STATES CITIZENS- The requirement to detain a person in military custody under this section does not extend to citizens of the United States.
(2) LAWFUL RESIDENT ALIENS- The requirement to detain a person in military custody under this section does not extend to a lawful resident alien of the United States on the basis of conduct taking place within the United States, except to the extent permitted by the Constitution of the United States.
(c) Implementation Procedures-
(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall issue, and submit to Congress, procedures for implementing this section.
(2) ELEMENTS- The procedures for implementing this section shall include, but not be limited to, procedures as follows:
(A) Procedures designating the persons authorized to make determinations under subsection (a)(2) and the process by which such determinations are to be made.
(B) Procedures providing that the requirement for military custody under subsection (a)(1) does not require the interruption of ongoing surveillance or intelligence gathering with regard to persons not already in the custody or control of the United States.
(C) Procedures providing that a determination under subsection (a)(2) is not required to be implemented until after the conclusion of an interrogation session which is ongoing at the time the determination is made and does not require the interruption of any such ongoing session.
(D) Procedures providing that the requirement for military custody under subsection (a)(1) does not apply when intelligence, law enforcement, or other government officials of the United States are granted access to an individual who remains in the custody of a third country.
(E) Procedures providing that a certification of national security interests under subsection (a)(4) may be granted for the purpose of transferring a covered person from a third country if such a transfer is in the interest of the United States and could not otherwise be accomplished.
(d) Effective Date- This section shall take effect on the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and shall apply with respect to persons described in subsection (a)(2) who are taken into the custody or brought under the control of the United States on or after that effective date.
One response to "Infinite Detention, Military Police and the Denial of Resident Rights"
Trident Military College says : December 1, 2011 at 5:07 am
Sounds like it could be a slippery slope; U.S citizens are entitled to a trial and what if the government accidentally imprisons someone who isn't a terrorist? It's happened before.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It is a "tree save" community, meaning that the developers didn't come in and clear-cut the area - the cheap way out.
The neighborhood is known for its immaculate landscaping, beautiful homes that exude Southern charm, and many amenities.
In 2005, Ardrey neighborhood was named North Carolina Community of the Year by the NC Homebuilder's Association.
Ardrey has a wonderful location. You can be in the heart of Ballantyne or Blakeney in just 5 minutes. Southpark Mall and Carolina Place Mall are both just 15-20 minutes away.
This community is home to pastel-colored Charleston-style and Victorian homes sitting along tree-lined streets with paved sidewalk and benches. You'll find houses with varying shades of blue, green, yellow, orange, red, pink, and even purple.
There are also 12 parks and a 35-acre nature preserve on the premises, as well as a community clubhouse, fitness center and pool, a children's playground, a bocce court, and even a dog park.
Children who live in Ardrey attend top-rated Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools.
The real estate market in Ardrey offers an assortment of Charleston, cottage, and Victorian-style homes built between the mid-2000s and 2010s. They typically start around 2,800 and range up to 4,500 square feet.
Many of the homes feature covered porches, master suites on the main level, open floorplans, granite countertops, 10-foot ceilings, hardwood floors throughout, French doors, and breakfast bars. The prices for Ardrey's over 350 homes typically fall within $450,000 to $650,000.


Brand New Never Been Worn Garmin Approach S20 GPS golf watch. The box has been open (I took it out to look at it and decided I wanted to go another route). Choose the right club every time with the Approach S20 GPS golf watch, which shows distance to the front, center and back of greens. This watch displays the shape and layout of greens, helping you choose proper shot angles. The item "Garmin approach s20" is in sale since Saturday, June 30, 2018.
This item is in the category "Sporting Goods\Golf\Golf Accessories\Rangefinders & Scopes". The seller is "dbsbikes" and is located in Carmel, Indiana. This item can be shipped to United States.


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Festool er en tysk producent af maskinværktøjs fra Tyskland Festool Group GmbH & Co. KG ligger i Wendlingen, og det er et datterselskab til TTS Tooltechnic Systems holding company. Selskabet er kendt for sin systembaserede tilgang til værktøj og fokus på fjernelse af støv.

Selskabet blev grundlagt af Gottlieb Stoll og Albert Fezer i 1925 under navnet Fezer & Stoll. Firmaet fremstillede verdens første transportable motorsav i 1927. Firmaets navn blev forkortet til Festo i 1933. Festo grundlagde Festo Tooltechnic i 1992, og power tool-divisionen blev oprettet som det selvstændige firma Festool i 2000. The company remains privately owned by the family of co-founder Gottlieb Stoll.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Maskinproducenter fra Tyskland
Etableret i 1925
Værktøjsproducenter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"This is the time to slow down and recognize the fragility of life."
Called "Day of the Dead" in English, Día de Los Muertos (or Día de Muertos) is a holiday celebrated from November 1 to 2 to commemorate and honor, you guessed it, the dead. The origins of the Mexican holiday are somewhat complicated, as it's believed to claim both indigenous origins from the Aztec festival for Mictecacihuatl (The Lady of The Dead) and Catholic origins from All Saints' Day, brought over to Mexico by the Spanish conquistadors.
The day of remembrance pays tribute to the deceased, partially by way of delicious food: sugar skulls, cookies, mole and more dishes. Aside from eating the treats associated with the holiday, families visit their ancestors in cemeteries, cleaning tombs and building elaborate decorations with candles and flowers.
If you're searching for inspiration for your own Día de Los Muertos celebration, look to these chefs, who share their own traditions here.
"Día de los Muertos was one of my favorite holidays growing up. It was my mothers birthday the same day, so it meant a whole week of celebration. We would go early in the day to the Tianguis near our home in Mexico City and stock up on pan de muerto and calaberitas de azúcar, or sugar skulls. We would then stop by the cemetery to visit my grandparents' graves and decorarte their tombstones with beautiful flowers and tasty treats. It was never a day of mourning, but pure celebration."
- Esdras Ochoa, chef of Salazar in L.A.
"In my family tradition, we'll usually will make a small shrine with candles, flowers, pan de muerte and have a photo of a past-away family member. Over the years I've also adopted just drinking mezcal."
"As I write this email I am sipping on Oaxacan hot chocolate from my family, yearning to be home back in Oaxaca and taking in all the smells, flavors and colors that inspire art and food. Dia de Los Muertos is celebrated in Oaxaca as a celebration of all our dearly departed, and just like Mexican cuisine, this celebration tells a story of worlds clashing: the pre-colonial ceremonies and the Catholic imposition merging as one of the most recognizable celebrations in the planet.
The celebration with the food on the altars tells a story that dates back thousands of years. Every family will put up an ofrenda of food, usually what your dearly departed loved to eat, from the traditional tamales to mole made specifically for this occasion to the hot chocolate simmering away. And, of course, no celebration is complete with out mezcal.
This is an excuse to slow down and celebrate the bounty of the land, celebrate family and the dearly departed. This is the time to slow down and recognize the fragility of life and to take the rest of the year with gusto. Sharing food brings communities together and, if only for a second, slows down time. Now, off to make tamales!"
"Growing up in Mexico, Dia de los Muertos was always one of my favorite holidays. My mom, Gloria (our restaurant is named after her), is a really talented artist, and when I was a kid, she would help me make and decorate traditional paper maché skulls. I still have a nice collection of them at home. Today, my mom still does Dia de los Muertos art and holds an exhibition every year with her artist friends. This year, she's holding the exhibition in Mexico for the first time.
One of my fondest memories of the holiday was when we honored my uncle who had passed away. His favorite food was chilaquiles, so to honor him, we had breakfast for dinner and enjoyed chilaquiles along with our pan de muerto and sugar skulls. These days, I don't go all out to celebrate the holiday, but I'll still set up my paper maché skull collection and have a little fiesta en mi casa."
"Traditionally, the day starts with the food, and one of my fondest memories that I can reflect on is the smell of the pan de muerto, or 'dead bread,' cooking in the house."


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Aquarela takes audiences on a deeply cinematic journey through the transformative beauty and raw power of water. Captured at a rare 96 frames-per-second, the… More Details »
Trailer 1 (01:46)
Official Trailer (01:49)
Viktor Kosakovskiy
Sawsan Asfari, Su Bainbridge, Joslyn Barnes
Aquarela takes audiences on a deeply cinematic journey through the transformative beauty and raw power of water. Captured at a rare 96 frames-per-second, the film is a visceral wake-up call that humans are no match for the sheer force and capricious will of Earth's most precious element. From the precarious frozen waters of Russia's Lake Baikal to Miami in the throes of Hurricane Irma to Venezuela's mighty Angel Falls, water is Aquarela's main character, with director Victor Kossakovsky capturing her many personalities in startling cinematic clarity.
The Composer Eicca Toppinen is the main man of Finnish cello-metal band Apocalyptica, and is also a talented composer and producer.
Movie details provided by
Based on 20 Critics
No score yet based on 3 Reviews
Aquarela's soundtrack shifts from ambient post-rock to gnarly speed-metal to widescreen strings. The effect is a serenely apocalyptic warning: Climate change is a killer, with water as its indiscriminately lethal weapon.
Brad Wheeler
The Globe and Mail (Toronto)
Aquarela takes a deep dive into watery realms around the world, offering up an experience that can truly be described as immersive.
Leslie Felperin
The downside to the film is Kossakovsky's feeling that he had to include people in the mix.
Demetrios Matheou
See All Critic Reviews on Metacritic.com


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₱480,000	Manual	Gas
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1997	Subaru	WRX


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HOME > ENVIROGUARD
About EnviroGuard
EnviroGuard is a woman owned (WBE), ISO 9001-2015 Certified Manufacturer of UL Listed and UL Recognized products in the US and Canada.
EnviroGuard designs, manufactures and sells the only patented, UL listed, NEBS approved spill containment system on the market.
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Matt Leinart Foundation
"The Matt Leinart Foundation is committed to granting resources and opportunities to support disadvantaged youth through learning centers, sports activities and granting wishes: to build character development, and help each child maximize academic and personal achievement."
The Matt Leinart Foundation is a California 501(c)(3) Charitable Organization designed to provide opportunities to children who would normally not receive them. The children may come from financially and/or socially disadvantaged areas, or may have permanent physical and/or mental disabilities. Among other charities, the Foundation supports the Banner's Children's Hospital in Phoenix; Los Angeles' Camp Ronald McDonald for Good Times; and Phoenix, Arizona based charity, Vested Interest.
www.mattleinartfoundation.org
"To restore hope, expand knowledge, and advance personal independence through a holistic, exercised-based approach to spinal cord injury recovery."
The "Be Perfect" Foundation is an idea Hal Hargrave had during his stay at a local rehab facility after his recent, life-changing spinal cord injuries. During his recovery now at Project Walk and The Claremont Club/Casa Colina Club, the Hargrave's have been exposed to many SCI victims that do not have the financial means to cover all costs Recovery. Lifetime costs for spinal cord injuries can total over $2.5 million per victim. In most cases, insurance only covers 50-65% of these costs over a lifetime. 13 Thousand SCI victims are added each year. There remains much to battle financially alongside the battle towards recovery, and some more than others need immediate assistance from those that are able!
www.beperfectfoundation.com
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text:
Pros, Cons to Dissolving Lung Clots: Study: MedlinePlus
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Pros, Cons to Dissolving Lung Clots: Study
Clot-busting drugs appear to save lives but increase risk of serious bleeding
Related MedlinePlus Page
TUESDAY, June 17, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Drugs used to break up blood clots in the lungs may lower the risk of death, but they also increase the risk of bleeding, a new study finds.
Researchers analyzed data from 16 trials involving use of clot-busting drugs called thrombolytics to treat life-threatening clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
Despite the drugs' apparent life-saving benefits, the risk of major bleeding, particularly in the brain, remains a concern, experts say.
"The study advances our understanding, but is not enough to provide a definitive recommendation for use in all patients," said Dr. Joshua Beckman, director of the cardiovascular fellowship program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, who was not involved in the study.
The evidence suggests that clot-busting therapy has merit but needs more study to refine the method by which it is given and to whom, added Beckman.
What's important, said lead study author Dr. Jay Giri, is "we discovered that thrombolytic therapy was associated with a death benefit in intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism."
This is a hotly debated topic, Giri said, "and no prior study has had the statistical power to demonstrate this finding.
"Of course," he added, "this potential benefit must be balanced against potential bleeding risks in the individual patient."
The research suggests patients younger than 65 might be at less risk for bleeding from clot-busting drugs, said Giri, an assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
A pulmonary embolism is usually treated with blood thinners that prevent clotting or drugs that dissolve clots.
The current study, published in the June 18 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, is called a meta-analysis. In this type of study, researchers attempt to find common threads across multiple studies. The weakness of this method is that it relies on data in studies not necessarily designed to draw the conclusions the researchers are looking for.
For Beckman, author of an editorial accompanying the study, this is a key point.
"Moreover, the study shows that the care of patients with pulmonary embolism -- with or without the clot-busting medications -- has gotten much better," he said.
"The rate of death has decreased significantly over the more than four decades of studies included, making it harder to show a benefit of clot-busting therapy in the most recent studies," Beckman said.
He'd like to see how clot-busters compare to newer blood thinners, he said. Also, it's still not clear if the drugs should be delivered intravenously or by catheter directly to the lungs, he noted.
Whether only younger patients should receive thrombolytics is another question for future study, Beckman said.
For the current study, Giri's team analyzed data from studies published over 45 years that included 2,115 patients in all.
The investigators found that clot-dissolving drugs reduced the relative risk of dying early by 47 percent. Among those given these drugs, 2.2 percent died, compared with 3.9 percent of those not receiving clot-busting therapy.
But the risk of major bleeding was nearly tripled with clot-busting drugs compared with drugs used to prevent clotting -- 9.2 percent versus 3.4 percent, the researchers found. Major bleeding was not significantly increased in patients 65 and younger, the authors noted.
Those receiving the clot-busting therapy were also more likely to suffer brain bleeding than those given anti-clotting drugs (1.5 percent versus 0.2 percent). But they were less likely to have another clot in the lung (1.2 percent versus 3 percent), the study found.
Each year pulmonary embolism contributes to almost 30,000 U.S. deaths. Risk of death is heightened for up to three months after the clot occurs, the researchers said.
SOURCES: Jay Giri, M.D., M.P.H., assistant professor, clinical medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Joshua Beckman, M.D., director, Cardiovascular Fellowship Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; June 18, 2014, Journal of the American Medical Association


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MP says working parents 'let down' by the government over free childcare
Tracy Brabin says rising costs since 2010 have not been matched by wages
Tony EarnshawLocal Democracy Reporter
Batley and Spen MP Tracy Brabin
Hundreds of thousands of working parents have been left counting the cost as the government's free childcare offer falls short of what they need.
That's the view of Batley and Spen MP Tracy Brabin, whose comments follow new analysis of childcare costs in Yorkshire that has revealed a rise from £101.15 a week in 2010 to £125.70 a week now.
An average two-child family in Yorkshire will have spent nearly £1,760 on childcare over the seven weeks of the summer holidays this year, at £880 per child.
During the same period wages rose by only 14% across the country, meaning that childcare is a greater proportion of family income.
Parents in Kirklees pay much less for childcare - see whether you agree
Ms Brabin, the Shadow Minister for Early Years, warned that childcare costs were rocketing just as the government's new free entitlement fell dramatically short of the numbers pledged by former Prime Minister David Cameron.
She said the next Labour government "will give every two to four-year-old 30 hours of free childcare a week, with the resources to actually deliver it."
She accused the Tories of letting down working families across Yorkshire, adding: "With the summer coming to an end, parents have been feeling the squeeze as they face ever rising childcare costs and wages that just can't keep up. The government has left hundreds of thousands of working parents either ineligible or unable to access the free childcare they were promised."


The 3rd Annual West Prince Sprint Triathlon will be taking place on May 26, 2012 at the Rodd Mill River Resort.
There will be 5 starting heats of 5 racers each.
They will start with a 750 m swim in the Pool, followed by a transition to the 20 km bike course on the roads. The bike course is fairly flat with a few small hills to get the competitors heart rates up. The bike ride will consist of 2 laps of a 10 km out and back loop. Racers will then switch to the 5 km run along the same route as the bike course (only shorter). The run will be mostly flat with one small hill near the turnaround point.
The pool swim, combined with a relatively flat course, make for a great first tri as I discovered last year.


Unique Amish Historical from a Bestselling, Award-Winning AuthorAmish pacifism is sorely tested in the Paradise Valley settlement in the 1920s. When an army of bandits descends on them, the Amish are saved by the last-minute arrival of government troops. But they soon learn that soldiers can be as cruel as the bandits themselves. Then a bishop travels to Mexico, and Caleb's daughters are finally able to marry, though the ban still looms for Miriam even as her beloved Domingo decides he must go off to fight in the coming war. As Caleb's frail hope of peace and freedom in Mexico slips away, he is left to ponder the question: In times of trouble, on whom should we rely?


The International Criminal Court has been operational since mid-2003, following the entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 1 July 2002. The Rome Statute is among the most complex international treaties, a combination of public international law, international humanitarian law and criminal law, both international and domestic. The Commentary provides an article-by-article analysis of the Statute. Each of the 128 articles is presented accompanied by a bibliography of academic literature relevant to that provision, an overview of the drafting history of the provision and an analysis of the text. The analytical portion of each chapter draws upon relevant case law from the Court itself, as well as from other international and national criminal tribunals, academic commentary, and the related instruments such as the Elements of Crimes, the Rules of Procedure and Evidence and the Relationship Agreement with the United Nations. Written by a single author, the Commentary avoids duplication and inconsistency, providing a comprehensive presentation to assist those who must understand, interpret and apply the complex provisions of the Rome Statute.


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The 'Glory' Regiment: Leading the Way
"The Storming of Fort Wagner." (Image via Wikimedia Commons)
On this date in 1863, the 54th Massachusetts Infantry was defeated in the second battle of Fort Wagner, near Charleston, South Carolina.
Here's a few things you may not have known about one of the first African-American units in the American Civil War.
The governor of Massachusetts, John A. Andrew, authorized the regiment in March 1863, after the Emancipation Proclamation. It was decided by the War Department that white officers would be in charge of all black units. Robert Gould Shaw was chosen to lead the unit as its colonel.
Shaw was born to a family of wealthy Boston abolitionists. He attended Harvard for three years but withdrew before graduating. Shaw joined the 7th New York Militia in 1861 as a private and would defend Washington, D.C., and later fight in the first battle of Winchester and the battles of Cedar Mountain and Antietam. He was approached about leading a black regiment in late 1862 and was initially hesitant, but was impressed by the dedication of his soldiers.
The recruitment of soldiers was so successful that the unit's doctors were able to set a very rigid physical exam for entry. The Surgeon General said of the unit: "A more robust, strong and healthy set of men were never mustered into the service of the United States." The regiment left Boston on May 28, 1863, heading for Beaufort, South Carolina.
When the soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts were recruited, they were promised the same pay and allowances as white soldiers. However, when they arrived in South Carolina, they were informed that they would be paid 70 percent the amount that white soldiers were paid and would also have to pay for their uniforms, which was not required of white soldiers. Shaw and his men protested the measure, and the regiment boycotted receiving their pay. The state of Massachusetts offered to make up the difference, but the troops refused on principle.
The regiment's first action took place on July 16 on James Island, South Carolina. They lost 42 men in the battle.
Two days later, the regiment, along with two brigades of white troops, began the assault on Fort Wagner.
Shaw led his men into battle shouting "Forward, Fifty-Fourth, forward." Shortly afterward, he was shot three times and died almost instantly.
After the soldier carrying the flag was fatally wounded, Sergeant William H. Carney, who was born a slave in Virginia in 1840, retrieved the flag and marched forward with it, suffering multiple wounds. As the Union troops retreated under fire, Carney struggled, but managed to make it back behind Union lines. As he handed the flag off to another survivor he said, "Boys, I only did my duty; the old flag never touched the ground." In 1900, more than 37 years after the battle, Carney became the first African-American to earn the Medal of Honor. 272 of the 600 soldiers were killed, wounded or taken hostage. A total of 53 were killed.
Shaw was buried in a mass grave with many of his men. Confederate General Johnson Hagood returned the bodies of other Union officers who died, but because Shaw led black soldiers, he buried him in an unmarked grave with his men, intending it as an insult. Shaw's family and friends took it as an honor.
His father, Frank Shaw, said "We would not have his body removed from where it lies surrounded by his brave and beloved soldiers…. We can imagine no holier place than that in which he lies, among his brave and devoted followers, nor wish for him better company."
In 1864, the U.S. Congress passed a bill to pay the men of the 54th the same as their white counterparts.
Governor Andrew said of the regiment, "I know not where, in all of human history, to any given thousand men in arms there has been committed a work at once so proud, so precious, so full of hope and glory."
The regiment's story was dramatized in the 1989 film "Glory" with Matthew Broderick playing Robert Gould Shaw.
The unit was reactivated in 2008 to act as the Massachusetts National Guard's ceremonial unit, which renders military honors at funerals and other state functions.
Our question: What actor won an Academy Award for his performance in "Glory"?
Today is Constitution Day in Uruguay.
It's unofficially World Caviar Day, Hug Your Kid Day, and World Listening Day.
It's the birthday of comedian Red Skelton, who was born in 1913; Nelson Mandela, who was born in 1918; and writer Hunter S. Thompson, who was born in 1937.
Because our topic happened before 1960, we'll spin the wheel to pick a year at random.
This week in 2000, the top song in the U.S. was "Everything You Want" by Vertical Horizon.
The No. 1 movie was "X-Men," while the novel "The House on Hope Street" by Danielle Steel topped the New York Times Bestsellers list.
Weekly Take-Home Test
What was the site of the last Confederate surrender?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gould_Shaw
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Hagood_(governor)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_John_Simmons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harvey_Carney
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_(1989_film)
https://www.checkiday.com
http://www.biography.com/people/groups/born-on-july-18
54th Massachusetts, civil war, Featured, glory, history, podcasts, trivia


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BU cars is the generic term for BRT elevated gate cars used on predecessor lines of the New York City Subway system. Various orders of these cars were built by the Osgood-Bradley, Brill, Cincinnati, Laconia, Pullman, Gilbert & Bush, Harlan & Hollingsworth, Wason, Pressed Steel, Brooklyn Heights Railroad, John Stephenson, and Jewett car companies.

Background
These cars consisted of a variety of equipment used on the BRT and later BMT. Some cars were inherited from steam railroads that became part of the BRT, while others were built new for the BRT as late as 1907. In 1913, the BRT introduced an advanced steel car design for subway service (the AB Standard), thus ending BU cars' production.

The term BU was derived from the Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad (BUERR) Company, one of the last operating companies of Brooklyn elevated lines before the BRT formed the New York Consolidated Railroad in 1912 to absorb the BUERR and other properties.

Historians disagree as to whether the term "BU" was commonly used before the BMT was purchased by the City of New York in 1940, or whether it was mainly an introduced term to describe the wooden elevated cars of the former private company.

Disambiguation
The primary distinguishing feature of BU cars is that they were elevated cars built mostly or substantially of wood, with or without steel frames, where passenger access to the cars was provided by open platforms at both ends of each car. A trainman between each pair of cars manually opened and closed folding gates to admit or bar passengers from entering or leaving.

All gate cars used in BRT elevated service can be described as BUs. This excludes several classes of elevated equipment:
Steam coaches of companies preceding the BUERR that were never converted to, and used in, regular BUERR or BRT elevated service;
Steam excursion coaches of the former Sea Beach Railway that were acquired by the BRT ("3200 class") but not used in elevated service and numbered as part of the streetcar department;
Former BU cars (the C-types and Q-types) that were converted into closed cars and the gates replaced by automatically operated subway-style sliding doors.

The BU cars should not be confused with the Manhattan El cars, a series of gate cars that were operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company.

BUs in the New York Transit Museum fleet

Three BU cars that were converted to closed Q-type cars in 1938 for BMT service to the 1939 New York World's Fair were converted back into BU gate cars in the Coney Island Rapid Transit Car Overhaul Shop for the transit museum in 1979. The conversion was made of wood with steel frames and dates from 1903–1907. However, the cars retain their 1957 lowered roofs and 1950 lightweight trucks, as well as modified marker light positions on the ends. They also remain unitized as a three car set, rather than as three self-contained cars as originally built.

These cars are the oldest operational members of the New York Transit Museum fleet. Those built in 1907 were the last BU cars ever built. They are fully operational and are occasionally used on museum-sponsored excursions; however, when the excursion goes through underground subway tunnels, they must be towed by steel cars. For safety reasons, passengers may not ride in these cars in subway tunnels; non-employees must ride in the accompanying steel cars during the tunnel portions of the trip.

The three museum BUs are currently numbered and coupled as 1407-1273-1404. They were rebuilt from Q-type unit 1622A-B-C in the late 1970s. As part of the June 22, 1965 "Transit Day" commemoration at the World's Fair, Q-type 1622A-B-C were rehabilitated and repainted in the original colors used for the 1939–40 World's Fair, blue and orange, which are also the colors of the New York City flag. After they were converted back into gate cars, they were given their original numbers and received the red paint scheme that they originally wore when they were brand new.

Other surviving BUs
Besides the three cars preserved at the New York Transit Museum, many other still-extant cars have been preserved;

 Cars 197, 659, 999, 1227, 1349, and 1362 are preserved at the Shore Line Trolley Museum. Some have been modified with trolley poles and are occasionally (but not often) used for trips around the museum, while others need restoration.
 Car 1365 is preserved at the St. Louis Museum of Transportation. It is currently a static display.

References

Train-related introductions in 1879
New York City Subway rolling stock
Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation
Pullman Company
1879 in rail transport


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