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UPS-TNT verdict exhorts EC to engage with economists and sets scene for damages fight
16 January 2019 12:43 by Nicholas Hirst
Do econometric modeling, do it rigorously and share your work with the companies before you, Europe's top court told the European Commission's merger-review authority today, as it confirmed that a 2013 veto of UPS's takeover of TNT Express was void.
The judgment is the latest to boost the role of economics in competition cases and, by affirming that regulators breached UPS's procedural rights, sets the scene for UPS to argue its claim for 2 billion euros in damages from the commission.
While that action will be more complex, requiring the EU courts to engage more closely with regulators' evidence and reasoning, the company will take heart from the way the European Court of Justice has already highlighted apparent inconsistencies in the regulator's logic.
Today's judgment upheld a lower court finding that the commission infringed UPS's defense rights by making changes to its econometric model without informing the parties.
In dismissing the commission's appeal against that decision, the EU's top court confirmed that such changes should not have been made without "being brought to the attention of the undertakings concerned and allowing them to submit their comments."
The EU judges scolded the commission, noting that although the changes were made "more than two months before the adoption of the [final] decision," the EU executive had not explained why it would have been "impossible in practice, at that time, to give UPS a short deadline for it to comment on the final version."
— Objective econometrics —
At the very least, that confirms that if investigators engage with the economics in a merger, they must do so diligently.
A spokesperson for the commission said it had already acted on the guidance provided by the General Court following UPS's victory before the lower court, and had striven to "give the parties ample and sufficient opportunities to comment and respond" to economic analyses.
Nonetheless, lawyers for merging parties will say this ruling raises the bar for EU officials to share their working with economists at every turn.
It could increase the burden on investigators, who will be all too aware that any false move — even just on a procedural matter — can bring the whole house crashing down.
Yet the judgment appears to go further, underlining the important role that econometric modeling can play in merger reviews.
Such assessments, the court noted, are "by their nature and purpose" an "appropriate" means for the commission to project the future effects of a merger.
Use other means at your peril, the court seems to be saying.
— Damages —
In its judgment, Europe's top court also felt it necessary to remind the commission that such models must be "objective" so as not to "prejudge" the outcome and undermine "trust" in EU merger reviews.
The question of whether the analysis on UPS-TNT was objective will loom large in the claims brought by UPS and Irish aviation firm ASL, which had agreed to buy TNT Airways.
After the General Court annulled the prohibition decision, UPS filed an appeal at the General Court in December 2017, seeking 1.742 billion euros (around $1.9 billion) in compensation. ASL is suing for 263.6 million euros.
In the meantime, UPS's arch-rival Fedex bought TNT after receiving unconditional approval from the commission and selling TNT Airways to ASL.
— Inconsistencies —
In determining the commission's liability to UPS and ASL, the General Court will have to grapple with the evidence and assess whether, leaving aside the procedural error, regulators were right to block the merger on competition grounds.
That will likely entail a grueling assessment of the decision's more than 2,000 paragraphs, its economic reasoning, and the evidence underpinning it.
Today's judgment seems to offer some guidance in that regard, as it noted apparent inconsistencies in the commission's use of certain variables in its econometric model.
The commission might respond that, in the absence of the econometric models, the deal would still have been blocked given its effect on competition in the Danish and Dutch markets. That was a line it used to try to dismiss UPS's appeal.
Yet after today's judgment, the General Court judges may well ask: how could you predict that without relying on such models?


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BBNaija: I Would Have Picked Peace As Deputy, Not Maria – Pere
August 12, 2021 News Staff Gists 0
The current BBNaija Head of House, Pere, has opened up about his regrets after choosing Maria as his deputy.
In a discussion with Cross and Boma on Wednesday night, Pere said he regretted picking Maria because she has refused to heed to his advances.
According to him, he thought he would have enjoyed his private space with Maria but the latter was not welcoming to his charm.
He said, "One thing that's getting me angry is that I picked the wrong deputy head of house."
Cross asked him who he would have picked and Boma suggested Peace.
Pere agreed with him, saying that he could have "run things" with Peace low-key in the house.
Cross then told Pere that the latter may have another chance if he wins Head of House again.
"You'll wait till the next time you win it. And we don't know when that will be. It seems this position is a one-time thing," Cross said.
He added, "This week, you and Peace could have bonded well now. Peace is a 'correct babe'."
Cross also said that he plans to have a relationship with Peace but that will be outside the house.
Pere also said that when he goes outside the show, he also has plans of his own concerning the female housemates.
Concerning the choice for deputy, Pere said he was a bit confused about who to pick.
"I even wanted to pick one of the new girls but as they didn't play the game, they may not be allowed into the role," he said.
However, Boma told him that it was expected of Pere to pick Maria and the house would have been surprised if he had picked another person.
Posted Aug 12th, 2021
BBNaija: "It Never Happened" – Yerins Debunks Claims Of Peeping At Maria Inside Bathroom
Sound Sultan: Baba Dee Slams 'Fake Friends' For Snubbing Singer's Memorial

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home unpaid leave
Keyword: unpaid leave
City of Toronto lifting coronavirus vaccine mandate Dec. 1
The City of Toronto is lifting its coronavirus vaccination mandate for employees, effective Dec. 1. According to a press release, the mandate, which was introduced in September 2021, is ending due to more than 99 per cent of City employees and more than 90 per cent of the public having at least two doses of […]
Could provincial governments legislate paid time off for religious holidays outside of Christianity?
When it comes to paid time-off policies for religious holidays outside of Christmas and Easter, can provincial governments do more to ensure all employees receive two paid days off to observe their chosen faith? While Andrew Zabrovsky, an employment lawyer with Hicks Morley Hamilton Stewart Storie LLP, says the government could make changes to the […]
By: Lauren Bailey
Employee placed on unpaid leave over mask refusal not entitled to reasonable notice: Alberta court
An Alberta court has ruled that a Calgary grocery store worker placed on indefinite unpaid leave — for failure to comply with a mandatory mask policy — has resigned as opposed to being constructively dismissed and isn't entitled to reasonable notice or compensation in lieu thereof. "This decision may signal that adjudicators will have little […]
By: Julius Melnitzer
Thomson Reuters expanding remote work policy, sabbatical program
Thomson Reuters Corp. is introducing new benefits for its global employees, including an expanded 'work from anywhere' policy and a new sabbatical program. To build on its existing Flex My Way program, which offers employees the opportunity to work from anywhere in their country of residence for up to eight weeks, the technology company expanded the […]
Alberta expanding bereavement leave policy to include parents experiencing miscarriage, stillbirth
Alberta's government is proposing an amendment to provincial labour legislation that would extend bereavement leave to parents who've experienced a miscarriage or stillbirth. The proposed amendments would expand access to any employee who would've been a parent, including biological parents, adoptive parents and surrogates, according to a press release. While employees won't be required to […]
Rio Tinto providing all employees with 18 weeks of paid parental leave
Rio Tinto Group is making parental leave more accessible for employees by removing the distinction between primary and secondary caregivers. The policy change — which takes effect in Canada in June and will be implemented worldwide by the end of 2023 — provides all new parents with 18 weeks of 100 per cent paid parental […]
By: Blake Wolfe
TD expanding fertility treatment coverage, bereavement policy
The Toronto-Dominion Bank is enhancing its benefits offerings in 2022 with expanded family planning coverage. The bank's benefits program is now covering fertility and reproductive treatments and offering support for surrogacy or donor costs and adoption costs, with a $20,000 lifetime maximum for each benefit, says Melanie Burns, TD's senior vice-president of human resources and talent […]
How Accenture, Traction on Demand are supporting working parents in 2022
A new year is bringing back old issues for employers and employees alike. The rise of the highly contagious Omicron coronavirus variant meant many students once again switched to online schooling. And while some schools across Canada are now reopening, employers continue to use a combination of flexible schedules and benefits offerings to support working […]
A look at current provincial policies on bereavement leave
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has made legislated bereavement leave policies top of mind for both employers and employees. As of Sept. 15, at least one in 1,376 Canadian residents have died from the coronavirus, for a total of 27,315 deaths, according to The New York Times. Bereavement leave is available for employees across most Canadian jurisdictions and some of […]
Where do the federal parties stand on paid sick leave?
Paid sick days has been a hot topic throughout the coronavirus pandemic and political leaders are pitching their solutions in the lead-up to the federal election next month. Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau promised 10 sick days for federally regulated employees while out on the campaign trail last week. Read: Liberals promising 10 sick days for federally regulated employees […]
By: Melissa Dunne


It's summertime at the Oregon Coast. To me this means long days filled with sunshine … ocean breezes … bird songs … star-filled nights and feeling like time has expanded. A sense of playfulness and adventure fills my heart.
As I bask in this lovely summertime feeling, it reminds me that life is easier when I connect with the natural flow of life. Mother nature and her seasons constantly remind me of how things change and flow with ease. When I drop my resistance and let go of my 'Oh, no, I want it to be like that instead of like this', life unfolds beautifully, naturally like a summer flower.
When I trust that life, the Universe and my Authentic Self are guiding me perfectly in every moment, I can truly relax and let life happen.
Spend time in nature or watching animals or children play.
Take time out each day to check in and notice how you feel.
Dance; skip; spin; move your body in a way that feels good!
Do something that makes you giggle each day.
What are your thoughts? Please leave a comment and share!
5 Steps to DeStress and Manifest!
Please tell me that you're going to keep this up! Its so good and so important. I cant wait to read more from you. I just feel like you know so much and know how to make people listen to what you have to say. This blog is just too cool to be missed. Great stuff, really. Please, PLEASE keep it up!
Nice to be visiting your blog again, it has been months for me. I needed this article to complete my assignment in college, and it is similar topic to your article. Thanks, great share.
Sydney, thank you for returning. Best of luck.
Just a fast hello and also to thank you for discussing your ideas on this page. I wound up in your blog right after searching physical fitness connected issues on Yahoo… guess I lost track of what I was looking for! Anyway I'll be back once again within the future to check out your blogposts down the road. Thanks!
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Such a lovely post Rena! Like you, I am basking in the wonderful summertime feeling. There's something so freeing about getting out in nature, feeling the warm breeze and sunlight on your skin. But true inner peace comes from the inside. Thank you for reminding us to relax and just let life happen. Love your tips for moving through life with ease! Thank you so much!


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Home Security Syrian Army blocks US military convoy in northeast Syria
Syrian Army blocks US military convoy in northeast Syria
The Syrian Arab Army (SAA) intercepted a U.S. military convoy that was attempting to pass their checkpoint in the northeastern region of Syria on Wednesday.
According to a local source in the Al-Hasakah Governorate, the Syrian Arab Army intercepted the U.S. military convoy as it was attempting to bypass their checkpoint near the small village of Umm Al-Khayr.
The source said the confrontation did not last long and the U.S. military ultimately turned around to find another route to their intended destination in the Tal Tamr countryside.
As shown in the video footage above, the standoff was non-violent and did not last very long, as the U.S. forces turned around without further engaging the Syrian military.
Damascus,Syria,Syrian_Army,US_ARMY,USA
Israeli occupation airforce fly over Beirut for 2nd time in several days
Huge explosion targets military vehicles in southern Yemen


From the root ط و ر (ṭ-w-r).
Borrowed from Aramaic טוּרָא / ܛܘܪܐ (ṭūrā, "mountain, high territory").
Borrowed from Arabic طَوْر (ṭawr).
From Arabic طُور (ṭūr, "hill, mount").
From Persian طَور (towr, "manner, style").
This page was last edited on 9 April 2019, at 05:13.


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Could you post the link to the youtube video?
Thanks. It's always good to have both. Sometimes music recognition softwares can only identify a song when the talking is removed, sometimes it's better when it's not removed. In this case the software didn't recognize both.


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Rear-View Mirror: 5 Bold, Brilliant Tech Gambits, Part 1
By Jeff Meisner
It's been said that the meek shall inherit the Earth, but in the cutthroat world of technology, only the bold survive.
Some of the biggest names in the high-tech and media sectors launched initiatives in the last year that have changed the landscape — perhaps permanently.
All of their innovations — spanning the software, digital music, online video and mobile phone spaces — were fraught with risk.
This two-part series shines a spotlight on five bold decisions that paid off in the past year. Here are the first two:
The launch of Hulu, a joint venture between NBC and News Corp., owner of Fox. The online advertising-supported site allows viewers to watch television and movie content — thousands of titles — for free.
Amazon.com's launch of Amazon MP3, which enabled the e-commerce giant to break the digital rights management stranglehold on digital music. Today, the storefront has nearly 7 million songs available for download. And it's legal.
The Hulu Story
What spurred NBC and News Corp. to launch Hulu?
"They saw an opportunity to provide media to their viewers in a new way," Hulu Chief Technology Officer Eric Feng told the E-Commerce Times. "From my perspective, News Corp. and NBC were just being very innovative companies."
Yet there may have been more behind the Hulu launch than a desire to innovate.
"Other people were generating eyeballs on the Web from [NBC's and Fox's] content," noted Josh Martin, an analyst with the Yankee Group.
"The best way to fight piracy is to make your content freely available in an easy-to-consume fashion," he told the E-Commerce Times. "NBC and Fox saw it would be risky to wait on this."
Since its official launch in March 2008, Hulu has increased its content lineup from 100 titles to thousands of videos, including full episodes of TV shows, full-length movies, sports games and highlights, and clips.
But getting there wasn't easy.
The biggest challenge in getting the site up and running was persuading hundreds of content owners to unleash their copyrighted material.
"Between March and July 2007, Fox and NBC were doing a lot of work clearing rights and putting together a content lineup for the service," Feng said. "The rights landscape is very complex, and the rights have to be cleared on a show-by-show, and sometimes regional, basis."
When NBC and Fox first announced their intention to launch Hulu, the initiative was not well received in tech circles.
"The blogosphere had doubts that two big media companies would be able to work together because joint ventures are so fraught with peril," Hulu's Feng said. "We were actually nicknamed 'The Clown Co.' by the bloggers. But we really rallied around that. We wanted to prove them wrong."
Hulu also faced the risk that piracy would actually increase if viewers rejected the service outright when it was launched.
"The greatest risk was about devaluing [NBC's and News Corp.'s] brand or releasing something legitimate and having it fail," Yankee Group's Martin said. "What kind of sway would that have given rogue Web sites? They would have been able to say that they can drive traffic on the Web, but the copyright holders can't."
That didn't happen. Hulu is growing fast. It went from 2.85 million unique visitors in September to 5.34 million in October, an 87.4 percent increase, according to comScore.
Amazon Goes DRM-Free
Digital music has come a long way since the launch of Napster in 1999. References to Apple's iTunes store and iPod devices are right up there in the popular lexicon with "Dude, just Google it."
Never one to get left behind when it comes to selling something over the Internet, Amazon.com has always been at the forefront of music. It's been selling CDs for a decade and digital music files in all their various formats for the past several years.
Early last year, however, Amazon felt it was time to change the way digital music was delivered to customers.
"We took a look in 2007 at what was going on in the digital music space," Pete Baltaxe, director of worldwide digital music at Amazon.com, told the E-Commerce Times. "We asked ourselves, 'What would be the ideal customer experience? Interoperability between devices.'"
In other words, consumers should be able to download music and listen to it on any device they want, be it a desktop or laptop computer, a smartphone, an iPod or a Zune.
The problem was that the four major record labels — Warner Music Group, EMI Group, Universal Music Group and Sony BMG Music Entertainment — were reluctant to let go of their digital rights management technology.
DRM technology empowers the labels to detail what can and cannot be done with their copyrighted content. It can be used to limit the number of times someone listens to a song, or the number and kinds of devices used to listen to a song.
"One of the primary challenges was convincing the record labels that this was the best way to go, by proving to them that it was a great customer experience," said Baltaxe. "We had to help them understand that the best offense against piracy was to present customers with a great legal alternative. As you might imagine, some of the labels took more convincing than others."
The biggest risk, then, was whether Amazon could get all the labels on board — and eventually, it did. By the end of January, all four major record labels had signed on to what was by then called "Amazon MP3."
"The long-term payoff," Baltaxe said, "is that Amazon MP3 makes Amazon.com even more of a complete music destination."
More by Jeff Meisner
Are Web Video Providers on the Wrong Track?
Hulu to Open Doors for General Admission
Amazon's Shot at iTunes Heard Round the World
FOSS, the Recession and the Lower-TCO Promise
AT&T Launches Netbook-With-Service Experiment
Microsoft Offers Small-Biz Server Value Meal
New Google VC Fund on the Prowl for Great Ideas
Google Music Service Could Take Wind Out of Chinese Pirates' Sails
Can Twitter Keep It Real as It Searches for Dollars?
Blockbuster, TiVo Join to Deliver the Video Goods
Sony Ericsson May Be Headed for Splitsville


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Tag Archives: Muroc Army Air Field
January 8, 2022 Aviation140-1001, 44-83020, Clarence L. Johnson, Fighter, First Flight, Halford H.1B Goblin, Kelly Johnson, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Lockheed Model L-140, Lockheed XP-80 Shooting Star, Lulu-Bell, Milo Garrett Burcham, Muroc Army Air Field, Prototype, Test PilotBryan Swopes
The Lockheed XP-80 prototype, 44-83020, at Muroc Army Air Field, 8 January 1944. (Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company)
Milo Garrett Burcham
8 January 1944: At Muroc Army Air Field (later to become Edwards Air Force Base), the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation's chief engineering test pilot, Milo Garrett Burcham, took the prototype Model L-140, the Army Air Forces XP-80 Shooting Star, 44-83020, for its first flight.
Tex Johnston, who would later become Boeing's Chief of Flight Test, was at Muroc testing the Bell Aircraft Corporation XP-59 Airacomet. He wrote about the XP-80's first flight in his autobiography:
Early on the morning of the scheduled first flight of the XP-80, busload after busload of political dignitaries and almost every general in the Army Air Force arrived at the northwest end of the lake a short distance from our hangar. Scheduled takeoff time had passed. I was afraid Milo was having difficulties. Then I heard the H.1B fire up, and he taxied by on the lake bed in front of our ramp. What a beautiful bird—another product of Kelly Johnson, Lockheed's famed chief design engineer—tricycle gear, very thin wings, and a clear-view bubble canopy. Milo gave me the okay sign.
This was the initial flight of America's second jet fighter, and what a flight it was. Milo taxied along in front of generals and politicians, turned south and applied full power. I could see the spectators' fingers going in their ears. The smoke and sand were flying as the engine reached full power, and the XP-80 roared down the lake. Milo pulled her off, retracted gear and flaps, and held her on the deck. Accelerating, he pulled up in a climbing right turn, rolled into a left turn to a north heading, and from an altitude I estimated to be 4,000 feet [1,219 meters] entered a full-bore dive headed for the buses. He started the pull-up in front of our hangar and was in a 60-degree climb when he passed over the buses doing consecutive aileron rolls at 360 degrees per second up to 10,000 feet [3,048 meters]. He then rolled over and came screaming back. He shot the place up north and south, east and west, landed and coasted up in front of the spectators, engine off and winding down. I have never seen a crowd so excited since my barnstorming days. I returned to the office and dictated a wire to [Robert M.] Stanley [Chief Test Pilot, Bell Aircraft Corporation] "WITNESSED LOCKHEED XP-80 INITIAL FLIGHT STOP VERY IMPRESSIVE STOP BACK TO DRAWING BOARD STOP SIGNED, TEX" I knew he would understand.
—Tex Johnston: Jet-Age Test Pilot, by A.M. "Tex" Johnston with Charles Barton, Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C., 1 June 1992, Chapter 5 at Pages 127–128.
A few minor problems caused Burcham to end the flight after approximately five minutes but these were quickly resolved and flight testing continued.
The XP-80 was the first American airplane to exceed 500 miles per hour (805 kilometers per hour) in level flight.
Clarence L. "Kelly" Johnson with a scale model of a Lockheed P-80A-1-LO Shooting Star. Johnson's "Skunk Works" also designed the F-104 Starfighter, U-2, A-12 Oxcart and SR-71A Blackbird. (Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company)
The Lockheed XP-80 was designed by Clarence L. "Kelly" Johnson and a small team of engineers that would become known as the "Skunk Works," in response to a U.S. Army Air Corps proposal to build a single-engine fighter around the de Havilland Halford H.1B Goblin turbojet engine. (The Goblin powered the de Havilland DH.100 Vampire F.1 fighter.)
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation was given a development contract which required that a prototype be ready to fly within just 180 days.
Milo Burcham, on the left, shakes hands with Clarence L. Johnson following the first flight of the Lockheed XP-80, 8 January 1944. (Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co.)
The XP-80 was a single-seat, single-engine airplane with straight wings and retractable tricycle landing gear. Intakes for engine air were placed low on the fuselage, just forward of the wings. The engine exhaust was ducted straight out through the tail. For the first prototype, the cockpit was not pressurized but would be on production airplanes.
As was customary for World War II U.S. Army Air Forces aircraft, the prototype was camouflaged in non-reflective Dark Green with Light Gull Gray undersides. The blue and white "star and bar" national insignia was painted on the aft fuselage, and Lockheed's winged-star corporate logo was on the nose and vertical fin. Later, the airplane's radio call, 483020 was stenciled on the fin in yellow paint. The number 20 was painted on either side of the nose in large block letters. Eventually the tip of the nose was painted white and a large number 78 was painted just ahead of the intakes in yellow block numerals. Early in the test program, rounded tips were installed on the wings and tail surfaces. This is how the XP-80 appears today.
The highly-polished Dark Green and Light Gull Gray Lockheed XP-80 prototype parked at Muroc Dry Lake, 1944 (Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co.)
The XP-80 is 32 feet, 911/16 inches (9.9997 meters) long with a wingspan of 37 feet, ⅞-inch (11.2998 meters) and overall height of 10 feet, 21/16 inches (3.1004 meters). It had a Basic Weight for Flight Test of 6,418.5 pounds (2,911.4 kilograms) and Gross Weight (as actually weighed prior to test flight) of 8,859.5 pounds (4,018.6 kilograms).
The Halford H.1B Goblin used a single-stage centrifugal-flow compressor, sixteen combustion chambers, and single-stage axial-flow turbine. It had a straight-through configuration rather than the reverse-flow of the Whittle turbojet from which it was derived. The H.1B produced 2,460 pounds of thrust (10.94 kilonewtons) at 9,500 r.p.m., and 3,000 pounds (13.34 kilonewtons) at 10,500 r.p.m. The Goblin weighed approximately 1,300 pounds (590 kilograms).
Cutaway illustration of the Halford H.1B Goblin turbojet engine. (FLIGHT and AIRCRAFT ENGINEER)
The XP-80 has a maximum speed of 502 miles per hour (808 kilometers per hour) at 20,480 feet (6,242 meters) and a rate of climb of 3,000 feet per minute (15.24 meters per second). The service ceiling is 41,000 feet (12,497 meters).
Unusual for a prototype, the XP-80 was armed. Six air-cooled Browning AN-M2 .50-caliber machine guns were placed in the nose. The maximum ammunition capacity for the prototype was 200 rounds per gun.
The Halford engine was unreliable and Lockheed recommended redesigning the the fighter around the larger, more powerful General Electric I-40 (produced by GE and Allison as the J33 turbojet). The proposal was accepted and following prototypes were built as the XP-80A.
Lockheed built 1,715 P-80s for the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy. They entered combat during the Korean War in 1950. A two-seat trainer version was even more numerous: the famous T-33A Shooting Star.
Lockheed XP-80 Shooting Star 44-83020 was used as a test aircraft and jet trainer for several years. In 1949, it was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. 44-83020 is on display at the Jet Aviation exhibit of the National Air and Space Museum. It was restored beginning in 1976, and over the next two years nearly 5,000 man-hours of work were needed to complete the restoration.
The prototype Lockheed XP-80 Shooting Star, s/n 140-1001, 44-83020, at the Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum. (NASM)
August 25, 2021 AviationAllison J35-A-11, Bu. No. 37970, D-558-I, Douglas Aircraft Company, Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, Edwards Air Force Base, FAI, Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Fighter Pilot, Marion E. Carl, Marion Eugene Carl, Muroc Army Air Field, Muroc Dry Lake, Test Pilot, World Record for Speed Over a 3km Straight CourseBryan Swopes
Major Marion E. Carl, USMC, with a Douglas D-558-I Skystreak at Muroc Dry Lake, 1947. (U.S. Navy)
25 August 1947: Major Marion Eugene Carl, United States Marine Corps, flying the Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, Bu. No. 37970, set a new Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) World Record for Speed Over a 3 Kilometer Straight Course, averaging 1,047.356 kilometers per hour (650.797 miles per hour).¹ The Skystreak was flown over a course laid out on Muroc Dry Lake, site of Muroc Army Air Field (now Edwards Air Force Base) in the high desert of Southern California.
Douglas D-558-I Skystreak Bu. No. 37970 makes a pass over the 3 kilometer course on Muroc Dry Lake. (U.S. Navy)
Four passes were made over the course at an altitude of 200 feet (61 meters) or lower. Two runs were made in each direction to compensate for any head or tail winds. The official speed for a record attempt was the average of the two best consecutive passes out of the four.
Major Carl's record exceeded one set by Commander Turner F. Caldwell, Jr., U.S. Navy, just five days earlier by 10.053 miles per hour (16.178 kilometers per hour).
Major Marion E. Carl, USMC, and Commander Turner F. Caldwell, Jr., USN, stand with the record-setting Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, Bu. No. 37970, on Muroc Dry Lake. (U.S. Navy)
The D-558 Program was intended as a three phase test program for the U.S. Navy and the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) to investigate transonic and supersonic flight using straight and swept wing aircraft powered by turbojet and/or rocket engines. The Douglas Aircraft Company designed and built three D-558-I Skystreaks and three D-558-II Skyrockets. The Phase I aircraft were flown by Douglas test pilot Eugene Francis ("Gene") May, Navy Project Officer Commander Turner F. Caldwell, Jr., and Major Marion Carl.
Major Marion E. Carl, USMC; Gene May, Douglas Aircraft Company; Commander Turner F. Caldwell, USN.
The D-558-I Skystreak (also referred to as the D-558-1) was a single-engine, straight winged, turbojet-powered airplane. It was built of magnesium and aluminum for light weight, but was designed to withstand very high acceleration loads. It was 35 feet, 8 inches (10.871 meters) long with a wingspan of 25 feet, 0 inches (7.62 meters) and overall height of 12 feet, 1¾ inches (3.702 meters). The airplane had retractable tricycle landing gear. Its empty weight was approximately 7,500 pounds (3,400 kilograms), landing weight at the conclusion of a flight test was 7,711 pounds (3,498 kilograms). The maximum takeoff weight was 10,105 pounds (4,583.6 kilograms). The aircraft fuel load was 230 gallons (870.7 liters) of kerosene.
The D-558-I was powered by a single Allison J35-A-11 turbojet engine. The J35 was a single-spool, axial-flow turbojet with an 11-stage compressor section, 8 combustion chambers and single-stage turbine. The J35-A-11 was rated at 5,000 pounds of thrust (22.24 kilonewtons). The engine was 12 feet, 1.0 inches (3.683 meters) long, 3 feet, 4.0 inches (1.016 meters) in diameter and weighed 2,455 pounds (1,114 kilograms). The J35-A-11 was a production version of the General Electric TG-180, initially produced by Chevrolet as the J35-C-3. It was the first widely-used American jet engine.
The D-558-I had a designed service ceiling of 45,700 feet (13,930 meters). Intended for experimental flights of short duration, it had a very short range and took off and landed from the dry lake at Muroc. (After 1949, this would be known as Edwards Air Force Base.) The experimental airplane was not as fast as the more widely known Bell X-1 rocketplane, but rendered valuable research time in the high transonic range.
Gene May did reach Mach 1.0 in 37970, 29 September 1948, though he was in a 35° dive. This was the highest speed that had been reached up to that time by an airplane capable of taking off and landing under its own power.
The three D-558-I Skystreaks made a total of 229 flights and Bu. No. 37970 made 101 of them. After the Douglas test program was completed, -970 was turned over to NACA as NACA 140, but it was quickly grounded after the crash of the number two aircraft, and was used for spare parts for number three.
Today, 37970 is in the collection of the National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. The other surviving Skystreak, Bu. No. 37972, is at the Carolinas Aviation Museum, Charlotte-Douglas International Airport, Charlotte, North Carolina.
This painting depicts Major Marion E. Carl's speed record attempt over the 3 kilometer course at Muroc Dry Lake. (Steve Cox, 24″ × 30″, acrylic on board)
¹ FAI Record File Number 9865
August 20, 2021 AviationAllison J35-A-11, Bu. No. 37970, Bu. No. 37971, Douglas Aircraft Company, Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, Muroc Army Air Field, Muroc Dry Lake, Test Pilot, Transonic Flight, Turner Foster Caldwell Jr., World Record for Speed Over a 3km Straight CourseBryan Swopes
Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, Bu. No. 37970, makes a pass over the 3-kilometer course at Muroc Dry Lake. (U.S. Navy)
20 August 1947: At Muroc Dry Lake in the high desert of southern California, Commander Turner Foster Caldwell, Jr., United States Navy, flew the first of three Douglas D-558-I Skystreaks, Bu. No. 37970, to a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) World Record for Speed Over a 3 Kilometer Straight Course.¹
Four passes were made over the course at an altitude of 200 feet (61 meters) or lower. Two runs were made in each direction to compensate for any head or tail winds. The official speed for a record attempt was the average of the two fastest consecutive passes out of the four.
Commander Caldwell's average speed was 1,031.178 kilometers per hour (640.744 miles per hour). He was awarded his second Distinguished Flying Cross for this flight.
Commander Turner F. Caldwell, Jr., United States Navy, with the number one Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, Bu. No. 37970, at Muroc Dry Lake, 1947. (U.S. Naval Institute)
The D-558 Program was intended as a three-phase test program for the U.S. Navy and the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) to investigate transonic and supersonic flight using straight and swept wing aircraft powered by turbojet and/or rocket engines.
The Douglas Aircraft Company designed and built three D-558-I Skystreaks and three D-558-II Skyrockets. The Phase I aircraft were flown by Douglas test pilot Gene May and the Navy's project officer, Commander Turner Caldwell.
Major Marion E. Carl, USMC, left, and Commander Turner F. Caldwell, Jr., USN, stand with the record-setting Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, Bu. No. 37970, on Muroc Dry Lake. (U.S. Navy)
The D-558-I Skystreak was a single-engine, turbojet-powered airplane. It was built of magnesium and aluminum for light weight, but was designed to withstand very high acceleration loads. It was 35 feet, 8 inches (10.871 meters) long with a wingspan of 25 feet (7.62 meters) and overall height of 12 feet, 1¾ inches (3.702 meters). The airplane had retractable tricycle landing gear. Its empty weight was approximately 7,500 pounds (3,400 kilograms), landing weight at the conclusion of a flight test was 7,711 pounds (3,498 kilograms). The maximum takeoff weight was 10,105 pounds (4,583.6 kilograms). The aircraft fuel load was 230 gallons (870.7 liters) of kerosene.
This photograph shows two of the three D-558-I Skystreaks being inspected by U.S. Navy officers at the Douglas Aircraft Company plant. In the foreground is the number two aircraft, Bu. No. 37971, with the sections of the fuselage separated. The entire nose section, including the cockpit, could be jettisoned in an emergency. Just beyond that, two wing tip fuel tanks are displayed on a cart. The second aircraft is Bu. No. 37970. An Allison J35-A-11 jet engine is shown between that and the last airplane, another Douglas product, the famous AD Skyraider. (Douglas Aircraft Company)
Rear Admiral Turner F. Caldwell, Jr., United States Navy, circa 1960. (U.S. Navy)
Midshipman Turner F. Caldwell, jr., 1935. (U.S. Navy)
Turner Foster Caldwell, Jr., was born 17 November 1913 at Narbeth, Pennsylvania. He was the first of four children of Lieutenant Turner Foster Caldwell and Eleanor Polk Owings Caldwell. The senior Caldwell was a graduate of Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, and was commissioned as an ensign, United States Navy, through the Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C). Commander Caldwell was assigned to the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, 1 September 1930, and was promoted to the rank of captain, 1 October 1930. He retired from the Navy 1 August 1940.
Turner Foster Caldwell, Jr., entered the United States Naval Academy as a midshipman, 12 June 1931. He graduated and was commissioned an Ensign, United States Navy, 6 June 1935.
Ensign Caldwell was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant (Junior Grade), with date of rank 6 June 1938. He was assigned as a flight instructor at NAS Pensacola, Florida. On that same day, Lieutenant (j.g.) Caldwell married Miss Helen Adele Glidden of Coronado, California, at Yuma, Arizona. They would have four children.
By 1940, Lieutenant (j.g.) Caldwell was assigned to Scouting Squadron Five (VS-5). On 7 December 1941, VS-5 was aboard USS Yorktown (CV-5) at Norfolk Virginia.
Caldwell was promoted to Lieutenant, 1 January 1942. He was a Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless scout bomber bomber pilot with Scouting Squadron Five (VS-5) aboard U.S.S. Yorktown (CV-5) and commanded the squadron with its 18 SBD-3s aboard U.S.S. Enterprise (CV-6) during the occupation of Guadalcanal and the Battle of the Eastern Solomons.
Two Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless dive bombers from VB-5, USS Yorktown, 1942. (U.S. Navy)
Between March and September 1942 he was three times awarded the Navy Cross, the U.S. Navy's second-highest award for valor after the Medal of Honor. He was promoted to lieutenant commander (temporary) 1 May 1943, and to commander, 1 March 1944. (He retained the permanent rank of lieutenant until after the war.)
Later he commanded a night fighter group of F6F Hellcats and TBM Avengers, CVLG(N)-41, assigned to USS Enterprise (CV(N)-6). For his actions during that period he was awarded his first Distinguished Flying Cross and the Legion of Merit.
After the war, Caldwell commanded Carrier Air Group 4 (CVG-4) aboard USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CVB-42). He was promoted to the rank of captain, 1 July 1954. Captain Caldwell commanded the "long-hull" Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14), from 5 September 1959 to 24 August 1960.
USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14) underway off the Philippines, 24 May 1960. (San Diego Air and Space Museum Archives)
Captain Caldwell was promoted to the rank of rear admiral, 1 April 1963. He rose to the rank of Vice Admiral, 1 November 1967, and served as Director of Anti-Submarine Warfare Plans. Admiral Caldwell retired from the Navy in May 1971. He died at Kilmarnock Hospital, Rappahannock, Virginia, 12 October 1991.
Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, Bu. No. 37970, at the National Naval Aviation Museum, Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. (U.S. Navy)
August 15, 2021 Aviation45-21787, Altitude Record, B-29-95-BW, Bill Bridgeman, Boeing B-29 Superfortress, Boeing P2B-1S Superfortress, Bu. No. 37974, Bu. No. 84029, Douglas Aircraft Company, Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket, Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket, Ed Heinemann, Edwards Air Force Base, George R. Jansen, Mothership, Muroc Army Air Field, Muroc Dry Lake, NACA 144, Reaction Motors LR8-RM-6, Rocketplane, Test Flight, Test Pilot, Westinghouse J34-WE-40, William Barton BridgemanBryan Swopes
William Barton Bridgeman (Boris Artzybasheff/TIME Magazine)
15 August 1951: Just 8 days after he set an unofficial world speed record of Mach 1.88 (1,245 miles per hour; 2,033.63 kilometers per hour) Douglas Aircraft Company test pilot William Barton ("Bill") Bridgeman flew the rocket-powered United States Navy/National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket, Bu. No. 37974, to a world record altitude at Edwards Air Force Base in the high desert of Southern California.
The Skyrocket was airdropped at 34,000 feet (10,363 meters) from a highly-modified U.S. Navy P2B-1S Superfortress, Bu. No. 84029. The mother ship was a U.S. Air Force Boeing B-29-95-BW Superfortress, 45-21787, transferred to the Navy and flown by another Douglas test pilot, George R. Jansen.
Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket, Bu. No., 37974, NACA 144, is dropped from the Boeing P2B-1S Superfortress, Bu. No. 84029, NACA 137. (NASA)
The flight plan was for Bridgeman to fire the rocket engine and allow the Skyrocket to accelerate to 0.85 Mach while climbing. The Skyrocket was powered by a Reaction Motors LR8-RM-6 engine, which produced 6,000 pounds of thrust. As the rocketplane continued to accelerate to Mach 1.12, the test pilot was to pull up, increasing the angle of climb while holding an acceleration rate of 1.2 Gs. This would result in a constantly increasing angle of climb. When it reached 50°, Bridgeman was to maintain that, climbing and accelerating, until the rocket engine ran out of fuel.
Initially, the plan was to continue climbing after engine shutdown until the D-558-II was approaching stall at the highest altitude it could reach while on a ballistic trajectory. There were differing expert opinions as to how it would behave in the ever thinner atmosphere. On the morning of the flight, Douglas' Chief Engineer, Ed Heinemann, ordered that Bridgeman push over immediately when the engine stopped.
Bill Bridgeman stuck to the engineers' flight plan. As the Skyrocket accelerated through 63,000 feet (19,200 meters), it started to roll to the left. He countered with aileron input, but control was diminishing in the thin air. The next time it began there was no response to the ailerons. Bridgeman found that he had to lower the Skyrocket's nose until it responded, then he was able to increase the pitch angle again. At 70,000 feet (21,336 meters), travelling Mach 1.4, he decided he had to decrease the pitch angle or lose control. Finally at 76,000 feet (23,165 meters), the engine stopped. Following Heinemann's order, Bridgeman pushed the nose down and the D-558-II went over the top of its arc at just 0.5 G.
Bill Bridgeman. (Unattributed)
"In the arc she picks up a couple of thousand feet. The altimeter stops its steady reeling and swings sickly around 80,000 feet. The altitude is too extreme for the instrument to function.
"Eighty thousand feet. It is intensely bright outside; the contrast of the dark shadows in the cockpit is extreme and strange. It is so dark lower in the cockpit that I cannot read the instruments sunk low on the panel. The dials on top, in the light, are vividly apparent. There seems to be no reflection. It is all black or white, apparent or non-apparent. No half-tones. It is a pure, immaculate world here.
"She levels off silently. I roll right and there it is. Out of the tiny windows slits there is the earth, wiped clean of civilization, a vast relief map with papier-mâché mountains and mirrored lakes and seas. . . .
"It is as if I am the only living thing connected to this totally strange, uninhabited planet 15 miles below me. The plane that carries me and I are one and alone."
—The Lonely Sky, William Bridgeman with Jacqueline Hazard, Castle and Company LTD, London, 1956, Chapter XXII at Page 268.
After the data was analyzed, it was determined that William Bridgeman and the Douglas Skyrocket had climbed to 79,494 feet (24,230 meters), higher than any man had gone before. This was the last flight that would be made with a Douglas test pilot. The rocketplane was turned over to NACA, which would assign it the number NACA 144.
A Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket, Bu. No. 37974, glides back toward Rogers Dry Lake at Edwards Air Force Base. A North American Aviation F-86E-1-NA Sabre, 50-606, flies chase. Lieutenant Colonel Frank K. "Pete" Everest and Major Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager frequently flew as chase pilots for both Bill Bridgeman and Scott Crossfield. (NASA)
Bill Bridgeman had been a Naval Aviator during World War II, flying the Consolidated PBY Catalina and PB4Y (B-24) Liberator long range bombers with Bombing Squadron 109 (VB-109), "The Reluctant Raiders." Bridgeman stayed in the Navy for two years after the war, then he flew for Trans-Pacific Air Lines in the Hawaiian Islands and Pacific Southwest Airlines in San Francisco, before joining Douglas Aircraft Co. as a production test pilot, testing new AD Skyraiders as they came off the assembly line at El Segundo, California. He soon was asked to take over test flying the D-558-2 Skyrocket test program at Muroc Air Force Base.
The D-558-II Skyrocket was Phase II of a planned three phase experimental flight program. It was designed to investigate flight in the transonic and supersonic range. It was 46 feet, 9 inches (14.249 meters) long with a 25 foot (7.62 meter) wing span. The wings were swept back to a 35° angle. The Skyrocket was powered by a Westinghouse J34-WE-40 11-stage axial-flow turbojet engine, producing 3,000 pounds of thrust, and a Reaction Motors LR8-RM-6 four-chamber rocket engine, which produced 6,000 pounds of thrust. The rocket engine burned alcohol and liquid oxygen.
There were three D-558-2 Skyrockets. Between 4 February 1948 and 28 August 1956, they made a total of 313 flights. Bill Bridgeman's speed and altitude record-setting Skyrocket, Bu. No. 37974, NACA 144, is in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum.
Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket, Bu. No. 37974, NACA 144. (NASA)
August 7, 2021 Aviation45-21787, Bill Bridgeman, Boeing P2B-1S Superfortress, Bu. No. 37974, Douglas Aircraft Company, Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket, Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket, Edwards Air Force Base, Flight Test, George Jansen, Muroc Army Air Field, NACA 144, Reaction Motors LR8-RM-6, Rocketplane, Test Pilot, The Lonely Sky, Westinghouse Gas Turbine Division, Westinghouse J34-WE-40, William B. Bridgeman, William Barton BridgemanBryan Swopes
William Barton Bridgeman. (Boris Artzybasheff/TIME Magazine)
7 August 1951: Douglas Aircraft Company test pilot William Barton Bridgeman flew the rocket-powered U.S. Navy/NACA/Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket, Bu. No. 37974 (NACA 144), to a record speed of Mach 1.88 (1,245 miles per hour/2,034 kilometers per hour) at Muroc Dry Lake (later Edwards Air Force Base) in the high desert of southern California.
The D-558-2 was airdropped at 34,000 feet (10,363 meters) from a Navy P2B-1S Superfortress, Bu. No. 84029 (a U.S. Air Force Boeing B-29-95-BW Superfortress, 45-21787, transferred to the Navy and heavily modified as a drop ship) flown by another Douglas test pilot, George Jansen.
In his autobiography, Bridgeman described the flight:
We are at 34,000 feet. My cue. Ten cold minutes preparing the ship for flight. The trap door springs and releases the captive Skyrocket swollen with explosive propellants. She blasts into flight.
Thirty seconds and I am supersonic. Sixty-eight thousand feet and this is it. Over the rim. Easy. The electrically controlled stabilizer flies her now. It takes over for me. At .6 G I push over just enough to get my speed. I am on the ragged edge between .6 G and .8 G. It is working! Everything is going according to my plan. It is so easy this time. Surely I cannot be breaking my last record without having to pay for it. The Machmeter is moving up, fluttering toward the Number 2. . . the rockets sputter and the fuel is gone. That's all she wrote.
Late that afternoon the official speed attained by the Skyrocket reduced from data and film came out of the aerodynamicists' office. Mach 1.88.
—The Lonely Sky, William Bridgeman, Castle and Company LTD, London, 1956, Chapter XXII at Page 260.
NACA 144, a Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket, Bu. No. 37974, parked on Muroc Dry Lake. (NACA E-1441)
Bill Bridgeman had been a Naval Aviator during World War II, flying the Consolidated PBY Catalina and PB4Y (B-24) Liberator long range bombers with Bombing Squadron 109 (VB-109), "The Reluctant Raiders." Bridgeman stayed in the Navy for two years after the end of the war, then he flew for Trans-Pacific Air Lines in the Hawaiian Islands and Southwest Airlines in San Francisco, before joining the Douglas Aircraft Company as a production test pilot. He flew new AD Skyraiders as they came off the assembly line at El Segundo, California. Bridgeman soon was asked to take over test flying the D-558-2 Skyrocket test program at Muroc Air Force Base.
There were three D-558-2 Skyrockets. Between 4 February 1948 and 28 August 1956, they made a total of 313 flights. The Skyrocket flown by Bill Bridgeman to Mach 1.88 is in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum.
NACA 144, a Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket, on display at the National Mall Building, Smithsonian Institution. (NASM)


Home appliances could be expensive. If yours fails, you're going to question whether you've had your money's worth and whether it's within its warranty before replacing it. It's also worth knowing what lifespan to expect of a new appliance before buying a new one so that you can compare the warranty's that the manufacturers have on offer.
Consumer body Which? conducted a survey into what percentage of domestic appliance were fault free after 10 years.
The survey found hobs to be the most reliable appliances, with 90% of hobs remaining fault-free even 10 years after purchase.
Free-standing cookers were found to be the least reliable appliances, with only 66% of them still without faults after 10 years. This means that more than a third of free-standing cookers are likely to develop a fault within this time frame.
Other less reliable domestic appliances include fridge freezers and washer dryers, whereas cylinder vacuums and tumble dryers were reported as some of the most reliable, after hobs.
For the full report and details on which brands were recorded as the most reliable, click here.


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Featuring In-Person Elements
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Following a year in which trade fairs all across the world went almost entirely digital, Formnext 2021 now promises to combine such elements with a return to real-life encounters in a hybrid concept that will feature a parallel conference organized by content partner TCT and supporting digital formats.
The event will enable the world of additive manufacturing and the next generation of industrial production to finally come together again in Frankfurt on 16 – 19 November 2021. To account for developments in the ongoing pandemic, Formnext is now offering exhibitors flexible planning and reservation options, including an early-bird discount that will be valid until 16 April.
In planning its hybrid concept for the upcoming trade fair, Mesago Messe Frankfurt GmbH – the organizer behind Formnext – is building on the experience it gathered last year in holding the all-digital Formnext Connect 2020.
"The feedback we've received from exhibitors, attendees, and the exhibitor advisory board has made it clear that a genuine in-person event is essential to this industry. Everyone is longing to visit some real booths and have some face-to-face conversations," reports Sascha F. Wenzler, Vice President of Formnext at Mesago Messe Frankfurt GmbH. In organizing this year's event, Mesago's experts are thus focusing on the physical aspect: "Digital elements can definitely complement Formnext, but they'll never replace the real thing," Wenzler continues. "Like in years past, Formnext 2021 is scheduled to take place at the state-of-the-art facilities on the western premises of Messe Frankfurt."
Since the health and safety of all attendees remains priority one, the plans for Formnext 2021 are being made on the basis of a health concept that at minimum meets the corresponding legal requirements. The overall event concept will also be adapted to reflect the latest developments in the pandemic. Here, Wenzler and his team are counting on a positive trend based on the testing and vaccination efforts being made around the world, which should enable more people to undertake business trips as the year progresses.
To provide Formnext's exhibitors with as much flexibility as possible in their planning, both the related deadlines and the event's general terms and conditions have been adjusted. In addition to the early-bird discount that will be available until 16 April, exhibitors can, for example, cancel their bookings free of charge until the end of June. In light of the current situation, Formnext 2021 is also offering modified, turnkey booth concepts that make planning an entire trade-fair appearance a simple affair without any major additional effort.
In terms of its subject matter, Formnext will continue to focus on the entire process chain involved in industrial 3D printing. "An array of highly innovative companies from the various sectors of this industry can't wait to present their latest developments to our audience in person," Wenzler says. "In this way, Formnext can also aid the economic recovery of a lot of areas by serving as a catalyst of innovation."
To offer a counterpart to the in-person event for the very first time, the Formnext Digital Days are being planned two weeks later (30 November – 1 December 2021). "We're hoping that these two days provide an intriguing digital platform, especially for attendees and exhibitors who can't make it to Frankfurt in November due to travel restrictions," Wenzler explains.
Further information on the Formnext concept, options for exhibitors, and the event's current plans is available at formnext.com.
Mesago Messe Frankfurt GmbH
Rotebühlstr. 83-85
Telephone: +49 711 61946-0
Email info(at)mesago.com
Web: mesago.com
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Manager (association football)
(Redirected from Association football manager)
This article is about real life association football managers. For the video game, see Football Manager.
Find sources: "Manager" association football – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Alex Ferguson winner of the most English Manager of the Year awards, all won during his tenure as manager of Manchester United. As of 2015 he is the UEFA Coaching Ambassador.[1]
In association football, a manager is an occupation of head coach in the United Kingdom responsible for running a football club or a national team. Outside the British Isles and across most of Europe, a title of head coach or coach is predominant.
1 Responsibilities
2 European and North American managers
ResponsibilitiesEdit
The manager's responsibilities in a professional football club usually include (but are not limited to) the following:
Selecting the team of players for matches, and their formation.
Planning the strategy, and instructing the players on the pitch.
Motivating players before and during a match.
Delegating duties to the first team coach and the coaching and medical staff.
Scouting for young but talented players for eventual training in the youth academy or the reserves, and encouraging their development and improvement.
Buying and selling players in the transfer market, including loans.
Facing the media in pre-match and post-match interviews.
Some of the above responsibilities are shared with the director of football or sporting director, and are at times delegated to an assistant manager or club coach.
Additionally, depending on the club, some minor[citation needed] responsibilities include:
Marketing the club, most especially for ticket admission, sponsorship and merchandising.
Growing turnover and keeping the club profitable.
These responsibilities are more common among managers of small clubs.
European and North American managersEdit
The title of manager is almost exclusively used in British football.[2] In the majority of European countries where professional football is played, the person responsible for the direction of a team is awarded the position of coach or "trainer". For instance, despite the general equivalence in responsibilities, Bobby Robson was referred to as the manager of England, while Joachim Löw was described as the head coach of Germany (Germany also has a team manager role that is subordinate to the head coach and that is filled by Oliver Bierhoff).
The responsibilities of a European football manager or head coach tend to be divided up in North American professional sports, where the teams usually have a separate general manager and head coach (known as a field manager in baseball), although occasionally a person may fill both these roles. While the first team coach in football is usually an assistant to the manager who actually holds the real power, the American-style general manager and head coach have clearly distinct areas of responsibilities. For example, a typical European football manager would have the final say on in-game decisions (including player line-ups), and off-the-field and roster management decisions (including contract negotiations). In American sports, these duties would be handled separately by the head coach and general manager, respectively.
Association football portal
List of football managers with most games
Caretaker manager
Player-manager
League Managers Association for managers in England
List of managers and coaches who have qualified for the UEFA Pro Licence
^ Europe's top coaches convene in Nyon. UEFA website. 2 September 2015
^ "Manager or Coach?". Football Italia. 5 September 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
The unsackables: Europe's longest-serving coaches. UEFA. 21 May 2016
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manager_(association_football)&oldid=924712010"


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Business News›Startups›Online rummy business exits show investors making handsome returns
Online rummy business exits show investors making handsome returns
Shashwati Shankar
Madhav Chanchani
, ET Bureau Last Updated: May 02, 2017, 08:25 AM IST
Venture capital firm Matrix Partners India has made over 20 times returns by selling its stake in Head InfoTech India, which operates the online rummy gaming company Ace2Three.
Rummy is turning out to be a great bet for the exit-starved startup investors.
Venture capital firm Matrix Partners India has made over 20 times returns by selling its stake in Hyderabad-headquartered Head InfoTech India, which operates the online rummy gaming company Ace2Three.
The venture capital firm is said to have made over $40 million (Rs 257 crore) on its seven-year-old investment, as the Canadian investment firm Clairvest picked up a majority stake in Ace2Three for $74 million (Rs 474 crore) last week.
The transaction is one of the rare large-cash exits in the Indian startup ecosystem, but not for players running rummy businesses.
The deal comes as investors in Adda52, backed by the Indian Angel Network, saw similar returns of 22 times when it was acquired by Delta for Rs 155 crore in September 2016. The startup had raised angel funding from investors including entrepreneur-investor Alok Mittal and Onida's Gulu Mirchandani at a valuation of Rs 7.2 crore, according to filings with the Registrar of Companies.
Another startup in the space is RummyCircle, owned by Tiger Global Management-backed Play Games24x7.
These startups are highly profitable, with margins for some as high as 35%. The gaming space has also started to see the interest of global strategics from markets like the US and UK, besides private equity firms who prefer cash-generating businesses.
Ace2Three was founded by Deepak Gullapalli in 2006, when the Internet user base in India was still small. Around the same time, Matrix Partners India was looking to back gaming startups, after seeing the success of players in China like Shanda and Netease, which had taken gaming as the base to become big platforms for content.
"But then we figured that gaming like in China will not work here, and that's how we ran into Ace2Three, which was made for India and a made-in-India gaming company," said Avnish Bajaj, MD at Matrix Partners India, adding that the exit is an example that "local and innovative business models also provide opportunities for the best-in-class venture returns".
According to companies in the space, interest continues from both the local as well as global investors. These players are also using profits earned from rummy to expand into other cardbased games.
"Our focus has been on growing our RummyCircle business and our freemium games, which we are very bullish about. From private equity guys, venture capital investors to international gaming companies, who are looking to enter the Indian market, there are diverse investors interested in this space," said Bhavin Pandya, cofounder of Play Games 24x7.
What has also helped Rummy boom as compared to poker is the regulatory clarity around it. In 1968, the Supreme Court gave a verdict that recognised rummy to be a game of skill. But legal challenges for players in this space still continue.
In November 2016, the Telangana police filed a case against Ace2Three based on complaints that the company was duping players by manipulating its software.
"The differing rules from state-to state and meeting those guidelines can be challenging," said Anuj Gupta, cofounder of Adda52.
Earlier in 2012, the Madras High Court passed a verdict calling Indian rummy, illegal as it involves stakes. As a result of that verdict, the police started putting Mahalakshmi Cultural Association and its members on trial and made the club's owner go to the Madras High Court regarding the case hearing and prosecution.
Subsequently, the Mahalakshmi Cultural Association filed a petition in the Supreme Court along with few more hosts of clubs and online rummy gaming sites. The case was initiated with the support of advocate Sunil Fernandes.
However, the high courts of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, in separate orders, said rummy was not illegal. Due to these divergent views, the top court was approached by clubs as well as online companies like RummyCircle and Ace2Three. The bench questioned keeping online Indian rummy websites out of the inspection procedure, saying the Madras High Court didn't include Indian rummy online portals in the verdict.
"There were no allegations in the case against us but the order had an impact on our business in Tamil Nadu. We then filed a petition with the Supreme Court. They set aside the Madras High Court order. This resulted in a favourable order in 2015," said Deepak Gullapalli, the founder of Ace2Three.
Online rummygamingMatrix PartnersAdda52RummyCircleace2three


Yeah it's Friday! The show is one week away! How did that happen?
I will be posting next week on a random basis. I will be sharing on FB as we set things up.
A pair of shabby night stands.
Look at the baskets, not the crap beyond!
Hot pink bird cage houses a darling chandi.
I look forward to sharing many transformations next week. Be sure to stop back to see how these items have been restyled.
One week from today,YAY!I will be there! Can't wait!
The vanity is absolutely gorgeous!
looks awesome! LOVE the bird cage chandi!! Looks like a ton of great pieces!!
BEAUTIFUL work!! Just found your blog and can't wait to follow along!
I'm Back with a Makeover!


The spacious One Bedroom Villa at Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino offers classic gold and black décor and 900 square feet of space.
Relax and enjoy our newest room type as you embark on your Las Vegas vacation. The spacious One Bedroom Villa offers classic gold and black décor at the luxurious Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino.
The 900 sq. ft. One Bedroom Villa at Westgate Las Vegas provides an ideal setting for a memorable vacation or business trip. Complete with views of the Las Vegas Strip or the serene Las Vegas Country Club, the One Bedroom Villa features a luxurious king bed, a separate Kitchen/Dining Room and Living Room, two 60" LED Smart TVs, and a luxurious bathroom featuring a rain head shower system with a two-person jetted tub.


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Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Curr Pharm Des
The Role of Life Events and HPA Axis in Anxiety Disorders: A Review
Carlo Faravelli 1 , Carolina Lo Sauro, Lorenzo Lelli, Francesco Pietrini, Lisa Lazzeretti, Lucia Godini, Laura Benni, Giulia Fioravanti, Gabriela Alina Talamba, Giovanni Castellini, Valdo Ricca
1 Department of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy. carlo.faravelli@unifi.it
Carlo Faravelli et al. Curr Pharm Des. 2012
Stressful life events and dysfunctional Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders. This paper attempts to review the existing literature on childhood traumata, recent life events, HPA axis functioning and their relationship in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Social Phobia. Preclinical and clinical models will be analyzed. Stressful life events seem to have a role in the onset and in the course of these disorders and HPA axis abnormalities have been reported in almost all anxiety disorders. The hypothesis that early stressful life events may provoke alterations of the stress response and thus of the HPA axis, that can endure during adulthood, predisposing individuals to develop psychopathology, will be evaluated.
Childhood Stressful Events, HPA Axis and Anxiety Disorders
C Faravelli et al. World J Psychiatry 2 (1), 13-25. 2012. PMID 24175164. - Review
Anxiety disorders are among the most common of all mental disorders and their pathogenesis is a major topic in psychiatry, both for prevention and treatment. Early stress …
Alterations in HPA-axis and Autonomic Nervous System Functioning in Childhood Anxiety Disorders Point to a Chronic Stress Hypothesis
GC Dieleman et al. Psychoneuroendocrinology 51, 135-50. Jan 2015. PMID 25305548.
Our findings indicated that children with AD have specific psychophysiological characteristics, which resemble the psychophysiological characteristics of chronic stress. …
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis Genetic Variation and Early Stress Moderates Amygdala Function
CR Di Iorio et al. Psychoneuroendocrinology 80, 170-178. Jun 2017. PMID 28364727.
Early life stress may precipitate psychopathology, at least in part, by influencing amygdala function. Converging evidence across species suggests that links between chil …
[Stress and Psychotic Transition: A Literature Review]
B Chaumette et al. Encephale 42 (4), 367-73. Aug 2016. PMID 27161263. - Review
Stress has been studied for many years in schizophrenia, either by subjective methods (questionnaires), or objective methods (standardized experimental protocols) with bi …
Stress and HPA-axis Functioning in Young People at Ultra High Risk for Psychosis
KN Thompson et al. J Psychiatr Res 41 (7), 561-9. Oct 2007. PMID 16831447.
It is thought that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning mediates between the experience of stress and development of psychotic symptoms. This study aimed …
Normalized Cortisol Reactivity Predicts Future Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With Mild/Moderate Asthma
SM Dinces et al. Front Psychol 10, 2570. 2019. PMID 31803112.
Cortisol reactivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) has been associated with neuropsychological processes including attention and memory in children with asthma. Wh …
Sex-specific Association Between the Cortisol Awakening Response and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Healthy Individuals
CS Melia et al. Biol Sex Differ 10 (1), 55. 2019. PMID 31791404.
There are sex differences in the association between OC symptoms and HPA axis measures in healthy individuals.
Childhood Trauma and Stressful Life Events Are Independently Associated With Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents
SKR Baddam et al. Behav Sci (Basel) 9 (10). 2019. PMID 31658779.
Adolescence is a critical developmental period associated with an increase in stress, the appearance of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and changes in sleep patterns. Ev …
Positive Affect as a Buffer Between Chronic Stress and Symptom Severity of Emotional Disorders
AR Sewart et al. Clin Psychol Sci 7 (5), 914-927. Sep 2019. PMID 31632843.
Research has demonstrated that stressors play a critical role in the development of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), and major depressiv …
Multi-omics Analysis Identifies Mitochondrial Pathways Associated With Anxiety-Related Behavior
Z Misiewicz et al. PLoS Genet 15 (9), e1008358. 2019. PMID 31557158.
Stressful life events are major environmental risk factors for anxiety disorders, although not all individuals exposed to stress develop clinical anxiety. The molecular m …
Anxiety Disorders / etiology
Anxiety Disorders / physiopathology *
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / pathology
Life Change Events *
Pituitary-Adrenal System / metabolism
Pituitary-Adrenal System / pathology
Stress, Physiological
Stress, Psychological / complications *
Ingenta plc


I needed to generate some anagrams, which I know falls into the area Permutations (combinations being altogether the wrong thing for this). There is a nice code sample on Wikipedia that shows how to generate these for an unordered collection.
Nice use of generators in C#. I have to see if such a construct can be emulated in C++.


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JazzHR Named Tech 50 Finalist for Driving Innovation in the Pittsburgh Region
JazzHR | October 13, 2020
JazzHR is excited to announce that we've been named a finalist in the Pittsburgh Technology Council's Tech 50 Awards in the category of "Solutions Provider: Innovative Tech"!
The Tech 50 Awards honors technological innovation in the Pittsburgh region. As the go-to recruiting software for over 7,000 SMBs, JazzHR's award-winning technology has transformed the hiring process for thousands of businesses. This year alone, we released brand-new enhancements to our product that allow teams to reach the right candidates faster, including improvements to our:
Jobs List
eSignatures
Since our founding in 2009, JazzHR has been a proud member of the Pittsburgh technology community. In addition to technological innovation, JazzHR was also recently recognized as one of Pittsburgh's top workplaces and one of the region's fastest-growing companies.
We look forward to the virtual award ceremony on November 12th!
How to Make Quality Hires if You Don't Have a Hiring Manager
The Comprehensive List of Short-Term Employment Laws (for Businesses That Need Flexible Workers)


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Interview with Gabrielle Swain, April 5, 2003
Project: Quilt Alliance's Quilters' S.O.S.- Save Our Stories Oral History Project: Art Quilts at the Sedgwick
Gabrielle Swain talks about her quilt, "Maple Breaks," including its appearance and the techniques she used to create it, and the special meaning of the quilt and her focus on nature. She talks about how she began quilting, using quilting to survive through difficult times, and how her own quilting skills and techniques have changed since she first began in 1983. She talks about what makes a great quilt and what makes a great quilter. Swain talks about the book she wrote in 1994, which led to her teaching classes around the country. She talks about how quilting has impacted her family, American life, and women's history.
2019oh0245_qsosart0003
Gabrielle Swain
Amy Henderson
Maple Breaks Techniques Teaching quiltmaking Quiltmaking process Appliqué
Arts and crafts. Quilting. Quilts. Quilts--Design. Artists Decorative arts Textile artists Textiles Families.
All rights to the Quilters' S.O.S. -- Save Our Stories (QSOS) oral history project, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred from the Quilt Alliance to the University of Kentucky Libraries. Please contact the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History regarding rights pertaining to individual interviews.
Swain, Gabrielle Interview by Amy Henderson. 05 Apr. 2003. Lexington, KY: Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries.
Swain, G. (2003, April 05). Interview by A. Henderson. Quilt Alliance's Quilters' S.O.S.- Save Our Stories Oral History Project: Art Quilts at the Sedgwick. Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries, Lexington.
Swain, Gabrielle, interview by Amy Henderson. April 05, 2003, Quilt Alliance's Quilters' S.O.S.- Save Our Stories Oral History Project: Art Quilts at the Sedgwick, Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries.
Persistent Link for this Record: https://kentuckyoralhistory.org/ark:/16417/xt72nsljbktsx


This is an exciting opportunity to join this Strategic Management Team as they continue the momentum of their exceptional year of drama as part of Hull UK City of Culture 2017, continuing to produce and present inspiring work that represents the diversity of a modern Britain.
To take accounts to trial balance, issue relevant Financial Reports on all Theatre Operations including Management Accounts, and be responsible for the efficient and effective day to day running of the Finance department.
- Production of annual consolidated accounts in partnership with auditors.
- Working knowledge of taxation issues (particularly Income Tax, NI, VAT and Gift Aid) and the ability to broaden that knowledge as required.
Closing date: Midday Monday 17th September.


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Posted inContributors, Opinion
Maine salmon farms can be models of sustainable aquaculture
by Contributed July 11, 2018
Credit: George Danby
Mainers treasure healthy, wild places, but as a state, we also need prosperity and good jobs for people and their families. There are two developments on the horizon that can protect our waters and native fish while making Maine a leader in sustainable aquaculture.
Recently, Whole Oceans in Bucksport and Nordic Aquafarms in Belfast announced plans to build land-based salmon farms, part of an emerging trend that's attracting global investment. The race is on to bring larger volumes of environmentally friendly, U.S.-grown salmon to market.
The Atlantic Salmon Federation's support for these proposed salmon farms may come as a surprise. Two decades ago, we were on the front page of Maine's newspapers expressing our concern that wild salmon stocks and the health of our coastal bays were being threatened by a sea-cage industry plagued by large escapes, increased densities of sea lice and diseases such as infectious salmon anemia.
While significant regulatory and industry improvements in Maine prevent the large farm escapes of the past, in Canada we are engaged in legal, regulatory and public advocacy battles with industry and governments where new sea-cage farms are being sited with little regard to wild species or the environment. At the same time, we have been supporting the development of alternatives to growing salmon in sea cages next to rivers where wild salmon run in Maine and Canada.
In 2011, we began a partnership with the Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute in West Virginia to assess the biological, technological and economic requirements of commercial-scale, land-based salmon aquaculture. These trials have involved growing tens of thousands of salmon in large tanks under one roof.
On land, growers control water temperature, light and feeding while keeping fish separate from marine parasites and pathogens. Trials at the Freshwater Institute have shown that land-based salmon can be grown without vaccines, antibiotics and pesticides. The result is that land-based salmon farming has little or no impact on wild salmon or other fish populations, marine mammals, crustaceans, or seabirds.
There has been concerns raised about the amount and location of waste that would be discharged by the proposed farms in Belfast and Bucksport. Again, the advantage of land-based aquaculture is the ability to eliminate pathogens and control discharge unlike the sea cages where all wastes flows directly into the marine environment.
Our studies and the experience of the industry is that 99 percent of solids and phosphorus are removed as well as 60 percent of the nitrogen, which compares very favorably to other industries. In addition to Maine's strict permitting processes for discharge, these companies have every incentive to maintain a healthy coastal environment because they are using both salt and freshwater in their tanks.
Our conclusion is that land-based salmon farming is an innovative, sustainable alternative to sea-cage aquaculture. There is little if any impact on wild species or the environment, and salmon are not stressed by predators and parasites.
Land-based salmon farms require large initial investments. Nordic Aquafarms and Whole Oceans are proposing to spend almost a combined half billion dollars to set up their projects. This level of investment is already bringing jobs to Maine, with both companies announcing recent hires and the promise of more employment to come.
At the same time, it's important these projects work for the communities where they operate. We believe they will. The companies have been listening to local concerns and making every attempt to earn trust and approval. We are confident these companies can become models of environmentally sustainable aquaculture and make Maine a leader in this industry.
Andrew Goode is the vice president of U.S. programs for the Atlantic Salmon Federation, which is dedicated to the conservation, protection and restoration of wild Atlantic salmon and the environment on which they depend.
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Tagged: salmon