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New York WILD in The New Yorker
"The Bat Man of Mexico" team at New York WILD from left to right: Amy Cooper, Rodrigo Medellin and Tom Mustill. Photo by Kamau Ware.
"On a blustery night last week, just after the blizzard that wasn't, Rodrigo Medellín was in the second-floor library of the Explorers Club, on Manhattan's Upper East Side, for the U.S. première of "The Bat Man of Mexico," a BBC documentary about him and his work. It was the opening night of the second annual New York WILD Film Festival, and the documentary, which had won the prize for Best Exploration Film, was the evening's main event.
Medellín, who is fifty-seven, wore a gray blazer with a silver lapel pin in the shape of a bat. He spent about an hour wading through a sartorially mixed crowd—topcoats and puffer jackets, generous helpings of tweed, some Gore-Tex, occasional fur—engaging in small talk with club members, filmmakers, and other attendees. When he finally made it over to the tequila bar, he seemed relieved. "Do you know who owns this tequila company?" he asked. He took a sip." "It's the guitar player from ZZ Top. But it's actually quite good."
Read more of the article from The New Yorker.
Newsroom, Press


It's Christmas Eve, and our family is driving back from an adventure in Taos, New Mexico where we got to play in the SNOW! If you follow me on Instagram, you may have seen all of the stuff I posted on the Instagram stories (the hidden part where you have to click on my profile picture there, and it erases after 24 hours). I was definitely over-gramming there, but because it erases, I feel ok with it, you know? I'd love to hear if you were watching, and if you are still clueless, I'm happy to help you figure it out. When I knew we'd be in snow, I decided to pack along our Christmas Jammies, with HOPES that we could take them in the snow. When we first got to the house we rented (more on that later) there was no snow on the ground, but 2 days later, it came pouring down, and I sqeeled with delight and busted out the buffalo plaid. I've loved this pattern for years, and it's so popular now, I worry I'll get sick of it, but I was happy that Target had them in family sizes…companies are finally getting the clue that we want matching Christmas Jammies for families! I had to make them a few years ago. Anyway, here we are…I had my tripod without a remote (I need to find a new one, any suggestions) so ran back and forth for a few pics. My only bummer about this method is no candids really. I tried, at the end. Anyway, Merry Christmas to all, I'll share more details about our NM trip next week!
Here are a bunch of pics in no particular order. If you want to see a little video of how it all came together, scroll to the bottom!
Do you have a favorite? I can't help but love them all, it's hard to pick!


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As part of a continuing commitment to provide greater clarity to the Rules of Golf, the United States Golf Association (USGA) and The R&A, golf's governing bodies, announced revisions to the 2012-2013 edition of "Decisions on the Rules of Golf." The changes, part of a customary two-year Decisions review cycle, become effective on Jan. 1, 2014.
Amendments To 2012-2013 Edition "Decisions on the Rules of Golf, 2014-2015" contains more than 1,200 entries addressing specific situations under the Rules of Golf. A total of 87 changes have been made to the 2012-2013 Decisions book: three new Decisions, 59 revised Decisions, one re-numbered Decision and 24 Decisions withdrawn.


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Why Paramount was Right to Sell Annihilation to Netflix
I just finished watching Annihilation. I watched it with my parents and my 14 year-old sister. We have a pretty snazzy home theatre, so it was as close to watching it at the theatres as you could in Australia.
Paramount was right. Annihilation would've bombed at the box office, as it did in the few countries which it did release in theatres.
Do you know how I know? Better yet, I'll let you decide based on a series of quotes from my family when the movie finished.
"What did you think of that. I'd say a solid 6 out of 10." Dad
"I can't stand Natalie Portman. She's always looking at the camera in long drawn out stares. It dragged way too long." Mum
"If you thought that was better than The Hunger Games you're crazy." Sister.
I managed to control my rage, although I might have said "You are all literally too dumb to understand that movie," which I think was pretty restrained.
I'm a writer. I've studied film, tv and writing for 5+ years at uni. I love genre stuff. Anything and everything, but the amount of quality genre stuff is incredibly low (outside of the literature sphere).
To say I was disappointed wouldn't be quite right because I wasn't expecting anything better. Although my mum loved the new Blade Runner when we saw it at the movies.
What happened to Annihilation makes me sad the same way that Blade Runner 2049 flopping made me feel bad. But it's not to suggest that intelligent genre pieces are dying. No, it is to acknowledge the remarkability of them even being made in the first place.
Take for example the original Blade Runner film. It is based on the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep by Philip K Dick – which is possibly the greatest title for anything ever. I recently read a biography on Dick and to say the fact that Blade Runner ever existed was a bona-fide miracle.
The amount of times Dick tried to kill himself, got admitted to a mental hospital, or the sheer lifelong ignorance of mainstream critics of his work…you get my point.
Intelligent sci-fi is never going to be mainstream because your average person either never thinks or is completely apathetic towards abstract metaphysical ideas.
Take my sisters comment for example. Yes, she is young and will most likely get there eventually, but her main criticism seemed to be that "nothing really happened".
Are you kidding me? The sheer number of abstract ideas which were presented in interesting and original ways…argh I'm not going to get started on why the film was good.
This is what you should learn from this. Appreciate and respect smart genre works when they happen…because they hardly ever do.
The fact that Paramount spent 55 million dollars on the film and let Alex Garland have ultimate creative control over the script should be lauded.
Ultimately the film would've been great to see in the theatres. I would've gone to see it. The problem is: no one else would've.
Author JKPimentoPosted on March 31, 2018 March 31, 2018 Categories Misc, Reviews, Thoughts, UncategorizedTags alex garland, annihilation, annihilation film, australia, film, genre, natalie portman, netflix, oscar isaac, paramount, sci fi, theatre, usaLeave a comment on Why Paramount was Right to Sell Annihilation to Netflix
A Coen Brothers Critique: Who is Hail, Caesar For?
I just finished watching Hail, Caesar! the latest film to be written, directed and produced by the Coen Brothers. For some reason, I PAID for this film on blu-ray and when it finished all I could think was 'I got nothing out of this'. Now I don't know why I bought the film, I think for some reason I thought it was a Wes Anderson film. Considering that The Grand Budapest Hotel is one of my most favourite films of recent years, I was looking forward to a new Anderson film. But no, just another Coen brothers affair and I'm left dissapointed.
Hail, Caesar! is a day in the life of a big shot producer, Josh Brolin, at a big movie studio in the Golden Age of Cinema, 1950's Hollywood. Now I'm no schmuck, I've studied film and what the Golden Age was like, so I'm not one to miss the references and all that. Also many of the actors in the film I really enjoy, but for the most part, there are so many shoved in that many only have a single scene or two, so there is limited character development or even room for comedy. This has the added overall effect of taking time away from the main plot lines. In the end, I was left feeling like Hail, Caesar! was a fun, kinda quirky historical piece and that was it. I'll probably never think about it again.
Don't get me wrong, for all intents and purposes it's a very well crafted and executed film but there's so little substance, and I know the Coen Brothers films are more about characters than plot, but come on give me something to follow, someone to root for. I think that's the problem with Coen Brother's films, they are well made and unique movies with lots of star power so they're really hard to criticize. I like the fact that they're meant to be for an audience of a certain educational level and you get more out of them the more you watch them. However, this is meant to be a comedy and I barely laughed a single time. I like the actors in the movie, appreciate the characters, understand (most) of the movie industry references and yet I have no reason to watch it again and have no idea who I would recommend this to.
Maybe my expectations were too high, but if someone like me found the film forgettable then who is it for? 1950's cinema historians, the George Clooney Josh Brolin fan club, anyone still alive today who worked in the Golden Age of Cinema? The Coen Brother's could take a lesson out of Anderson's book in that The Grand Budapest Hotel featured a tonne of actors playing oddball characters, yet each was given appropriate screen time for their role, the narrative was charming and engaging and we had likeable characters to root for, oddball characters to laugh at and villainous characters to despise.
Just like Anchorman 2 was criticized for straying into the self-indulgent at times, I feel as though the Coen Brothers are at risk of the same here. Fargo was a fine film, I enjoyed it much more the second time when I understood more about the subverting of cinema conventions in the narrative. The Big Lebowski is a cult classic that I have to watch again, No Country for Old Men was a great film with a strong central plot and Inside Llewyn Davis was a critically lauded film that I'm yet to see. The Coen Brothers make well crafted movies…when they focus on the narrative.
Once again the problem remains, who is Hail, Caesar! for?
Author JKPimentoPosted on December 15, 2016 December 15, 2016 Categories Misc, Reviews, ThoughtsTags 1950's, anchorman 2, big lebowski, caesar, channing tatum, Coen, coen brothers, comedy, critique, cult, Ethan Coen, fargo, film, film review, geek, george clooney, golden age, hail, Hail Caesar!, hollywood, inside llewyn davis, Joel Coen, jonah hill, josh brolin, media, movie review, movies, nerdy, no country for old men, ralph fiennes, review, Reviews, scarlett johansson, story, the grand budapest hotel, Thoughts, tilda swinton, wes andersonLeave a comment on A Coen Brothers Critique: Who is Hail, Caesar For?
Movie Reviews: Arrival and Brazil
Last night, I went to the theater to see Denis Villeneuve's Arrival and the night before that I watched Terry Gilliam's Brazil on blu-ray. I do love my sci-fi and both of these are very different approaches to the genre. I'll talk about Brazil first because I watched it first.
Brazil is a 1985 dystopian science fiction film starring Jonathan Pryce (played the High Sparrow on Game of Thrones), plus a slew of cameos from noted British character actors and – strangely – Robert De Niro. This is a strange film, really bizarre and surreal. If you know any of Terry Gilliam's other works, like 12 Monkeys and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, then this shares many of the similarities of those films. I think the best things about the Gilliam films I've seen thus far are his skills in world building and the whimsical machines which exist in the dystopia.
The actual narrative itself feels somewhat bloated and there's some ridiculous dream sequences which perhaps drag on for a bit too long. I did really enjoy the film overall and I can't get the stupid song out of my head that the film is based around. I probably wouldn't recommend this to your general viewer, but if you like dystopia, sci-fi, Terry Gilliam or just weird stuff from the 80's then you'll get a kick out of Brazil.
My feelings were kind of mixed when I went to see Arrival, mainly because I knew the movie had been received well and Denis Villeneuve was a good director (from Sicario and Prisoners), but I can't stand Amy Adams. Her role as Lois Lane in the new Superman films and whoever she was in American Hustle (which still stands as one of the most overrated movies ever) really put me off her. I don't know what it is about her, the fact that she seems to play the same character every time, or I just don't buy her acting. Anyway, I did really like her in this role so maybe I'll come around.
So Amy Adams plays a linguist who's haunted by flashbacks of her daughter who died young from some rare disease. Aliens…arrive (see what I did there) and the military sends after language experts to try and communicate with them. It gets a bit silly with the whole China thing, like 'oh China is irrational and of course will be the first who wants to blow them up'. Then like the rioting and looting and stuff is dumb and the fact that there is always some dumb American soldier who does something rash because he needs to protect his family. Man am I getting sick of that trope.
The whole reason that stuff is dumb is because the Aliens literally do nothing. The ships just sit there, a door opens every 18 hours and they converse with whoever goes in for a bit. Then the world just loses their shit because aliens are here and the government seems to be doing nothing. Apart from those gripes, the film was quite good. Really smart sci-fi, that avoids alot of the dumb action stuff that often bogs down the genre. The film is so like a Christoper Nolan one in it's structure that to say any more would spoil it.
Overall, would very much recommend Arrival, especially as a debut sci-fi film for the director that will have you thinking long after the credits role.
Author JKPimentoPosted on November 24, 2016 Categories ReviewsTags 12 monkeys, aliens, american hustle, amy adams, arrival, brazil, denis villeneuve, dystopia, fear and loathing in las vegas, film, JK Pimento, lois lane, media, movies, review, Reviews, sci fi, terry gilliamLeave a comment on Movie Reviews: Arrival and Brazil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Brexit fury: Boris blimp joins 9ft Nigel Farage puppet at anti-Brexit march in London
Posted on Jul 20 2019 - 5:25pm by admin
antiBrexitBlimpBorisBrexitFarageFuryJoinsLondonMarchNigelpuppet'
The March for Change demonstration has kicked off in central London as protesters demand resources be directed towards the NHS, schools and affordable housing instead of Brexit provision. The balloon depicts the ex-foreign secretary with his distinctive flyaway blonde mop of hair and a T-shirt with a picture of the famous Brexit bus with '£350m' scrawled across it. This is a nod to the slogan on the Leave campaign's bus in the run up to the June 2016 Brexit referendum, which read: "We send the EU £350 million a week, let's fund our NHS instead."
Campaigners say they wasn't to "make it clear to Boris Johnson that we want to stop the Brexit chaos".
The march kicked off at noon, with crowds leaving Park Lane making their way towards Parliament Square.
Organisers Britain for Europe said: "While politicians have spent the last three years arguing about what Brexit looks like, all the issues that led to Brexit in the first place have gotten worse.
"Our NHS is in crisis, our schools are having to beg for stationery and we still don't have nearly enough affordable housing.
"When the UK first narrowly voted to leave in 2016, the promise was that we would leave with a better deal.
"Three years later, and Boris Johnson wants to force us out without a deal. We need change and we need it now."
The blimp will be joined by 9ft puppet depicting Brexit Party leader Nigel Farage, organised by Best for Britain.
A stilt-walker will hold up the caricature of the ex-UKIP leader alongside a puppet of Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt, who is also vying for the Tory down.
A number of celebrities have vowed to show up, including Gavin Esler and Ayesha Hazarika.
Billy Bragg tweeted he would be "singing a few songs" in Parliament Square where the crowds will gather to hear speeches.
The British singer-songwriter summed Brexit up as a "Tory psychodrama that David Cameron dragged us all into".
Anti-Brexit groups from across the country have descended on the capital carrying placards which read: "I'm 15, don't let Brexit steal my future", and "Exit from Brexit".
Nigel Farage lashes out at People's Vote march in London – 'Not the majority!'
Nigel Farage FURY as Brexit Party MEPs quit to back BORIS… including Annunziata Rees-Mogg
Brexit LIVE: Nigel Farage reveals the 3 things Boris must do to secure Brexiteer support
Nigel Farage attacks Lib Dems 'crude' anti-Brexit slogans at EU Parliament opening
Nigel Farage challenges Boris Johnson to accept 'most generous offer ever' to save Brexit
6 + nine =


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Virtual Information Evening
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Exam Notices
Year 7 Catch Up
Clubs & After School
Closure Day Work
Applying for Free School Meals
Safeguarding Policy Covid-19 Appendix
Home» Parents» Transport
In Catchment Transport
If you live within the catchment area for Caldew School, transport is organised by Cumbria County Council.
Further information is available from www.cumbria.gov.uk or alternatively, telephone 01228 226427 or 01228 226428. Any queries related to school transport for those living in catchment should be directed to the Council.
Parents/carers must apply for school transport through Cumbria County Council.
Out of Catchment Transport
If you live outside the catchment area for Caldew, parents/carers are responsible for their child's transport arrangements.
The Council operates a Spare Seat Scheme to assist parents/carers, which involves making available, at a charge, spare capacity on vehicles contracted to take children entitled to free transport to and from school. The current cost is £410 per year, payable in termly instalments of £165, £155 and £90. It should be noted that the position regarding the availability of spare seats will not be known until after the start of the academic year and it must be stressed that, until you are advised by Cumbria County Council that a seat is available, you must make appropriate arrangements to get your child to school.
Currently there are several pay-to-ride services which our students use
Stagecoach 91/91A - A Caldew School Schoolrider currently costs £16.00 per week. Please contact Stagecoach directly on 01228 819090 for further information.
Irvings of Dalston - £2.50 per day. Please contact Irving of Dalston directly on 01228 710810 for further information. Please note that this route is very popular and a waiting list may be in operation
Reays 74/75 - Child ticket £3.00 per day or £12.00 per week. Please contact Reays directly on 016973 49999 for further information
There is also a regular train service between Carlisle, Dalston and Wigton, operated by Northern Rail. Visit www.northernrailway.co.uk for train times and ticket prices.
Caldew School Transport
Irvings of Dalston Timetable
Northern Rail Timetable
Reays 74/75 Timetable
Stagecoach 91/91A Timetable
Transport for 6th Form Students
Transport arrangements for 6th Form students who live in catchment are different than for students in Years 7 - 11. Free transport for 6th Form students will only be available from Cumbria County Council in the following circumstances:
Qualifying Post-16 students from 'low income' families;
Qualifying Post-16 students who have a learning difficulty and/or disability.
For students who do not meet either of these criteria, spare capacity on vehicles contracted by the Cumbria County Council for students with a statutory entitlement to transport will be offered to Post-16 Education Providers at a cost of £410 per seat per year (payable in three termly instalments). This process is administered by Caldew School, and any queries should be directed to the Admin Office in the first instance.
Leaders have reviewed the curriculum, so that the courses offered match pupils' needs and interests and prepare them for their next steps in education or employment effectively.
Leaders have taken positive steps to widen pupils' participation in the range of cultural, creative and sporting activities that take place beyond lessons, including for the significant proportion of pupils who do not live locally.
Students make good progress because of the typically strong standard of teaching.
The support for pupils with an education, health and care (EHC) plan is matched to their specific requirements. Consequently, these pupils typically make good progress and move on to next steps in education and employment.
Students' outcomes are good. A significant proportion of students typically attain the highest grades, including at A* to B, at A Level.
Caldew School is an exempt charity and a company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales. Company no. 07680823
2019 - 2021 Caldew School
Dalston, Carlisle, Cumbria, CA5 7NN
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Eclipse IDE is a productive and fast development environment for java. Nevertheless, the learning curve is deceptively difficult even for an experienced java programmer. This difficulty stems largely from the power and flexibility of the Eclipse IDE. This document is written to help a java programmer to quickly download and start using Eclipse as their primary IDE in a couple of hours. The information presented here is a summary of what I have learned about Eclipse over the last couple of months. I am hoping this document would save the reader a ton of time in getting upto speed with Eclipse.
The primary motivation of the article is to get you, a java programmer, up and running in Eclipse in a short amount of time. To do that, I have deliberately documented the oddities, road blocks, conceptual walls over a period of time. This article won't make you an expert in Eclipse, but will certainly make Eclipse a great tool for your java programming activities.
Downloading Eclipse is quite easy. But you will have to know a few more things than just downloading to start using Eclipse. For example, it is better to set the JVM that Eclipse is going to be using to run itself. It is also better to understand the concept of an Eclipse "workspace" upfront. What follows is a detailed explanation of these aspects with some recommendations.
You can find the main Eclipse download site at Main Eclipse download site. If you find that the main Eclipse site is slow, you may want to consider some mirror sites for Eclipse. Be forewarned though, I had hard time figuring out the directory structure and filenames at these mirror sites.
When you download you will see a file that looks like Eclipse-SDK-3.0.1-win32.zip. Expand this file into a convenient root directory. The zip file already has "Eclipse" as the root directory. You have just finished installing Eclipse. Very nice so far.
As pointed out, the second argument to Eclipse.exe points to the workspace. For Eclipse, a workspace is a logical collection of projects. A workspace is a drectory on your hard drive where Eclipse stores the projects that you define to it. For example you can define a "project 1" and a "project 2" in workspace-a, then proceed to create a workspace called "workspace-b" for holding another set of projects "project 3" and "project 4". As an added bonus, in a workspace, individual projects can reside anywhere on your hard drive and don't have to reside as children of the workspace directory.
if you don't specify the workspace on the command line, then Eclipse will ask you at startup where the workspace is, while giving you an option to use the install directory as the default workspace. On this startup screen Eclipse also offers you take that default directory and not ask you again. Alternatively you may want to specify your own workspace and not use the default. To specify your own workspace directory, create a directory first on your hard drive, and then use that name as one of the arguments to the shortcut as explained in the previous section.
By that logic it is possible to define a workspace for each project you may develop. What I have learned very quickly is that creating separate and numerous workspaces is counter productive as you have to manage that many Eclipse shortcut icons on your desktop and also not take advantage of the visibility to multiple projects at one time.
My current thinking is to put most of the projects in just one workspace. If you are going to use one workspace, one thinking is why not use the default workspace and not worry about creating a new one. This will work if you keep your projects outside of this directory. Othewise when you install a new Eclipse you may inadvertently delete stuff from the old install directory.
Do I have to do anything special to create a workspace directory?
As pointed out, a workspace directory is just like anyother directory on the hard drive. When you specify this directory name to Eclipse, Eclipse will create some files within this directory to manage the projects. The projects controlled by this workspace may or may not reside in this directory. This depends on what you chose while creating new projects via Eclipse with in this workspace. If you take the default, then the project directories will be created inside the workspace. Or you can change the default to create the projects outside the workspace directory in their own project specific directories.
If you run the "Eclipse-install-dir/Eclipse.exe" with out setting it up for the JVM and a personalized workspace, Eclipse will prompt you for allowing it to use the install directory as its workspace. That is OK too, but make sure you use that workspace consistently. Otherwise if you change the workspace by mistake you won't see your projects that you have created earlier in the previous workspace.
If you used my recommendation and created a shortcut with JVM and the workspace, then Eclipse will not prompt you, but will load the home view of Eclipse allowing you to get started with Eclipse.
Working with java projects involve creating classes, creating packages, editing java files, refactoring java files, compiling java files, creating libraries or jars out of java files, debugging java files, running java files. For a java programmer these are some of the very common tasks. What follows is an explanation of how Eclipse does each of these tasks.
If "workspace" is the concept you have to understand for running Eclipse, "perspectives" is the concept you have to understand well for using Eclipse.
Because we are trying to create a java project let us navigate to the java perspective. Go to "menu/file/new/project" and choose Java project. Here you can choose a project name and its location. The location of the project can be inside the workspace or outside the workspace. By default, Eclipse chooses a location inside. If you want otherwise, unclick the default and specify your own directory outside of the workspace. As a "name" and a "location" are sufficient to create a java project, you can choose to "finsih" the wizard to see your java project created.
Subsequently the perspective in Eclipse will be changed to the Java perspective allowing you to see your java project in the Java Package explorer. Package explorer window allows you to see your java packages and java source files inside your java project. At this time as you haven't yet created any packages or java files your view will not show any java packages. So you will only see a project with no files or packages in it.
You can type that whole package string once. You don't have to create those directories individually. Using the project root as the root, Eclipse will create the directory structure mapping to the package names.
The previous exercise assumed that your java files and java packages will use the project root directory as the root directory. Sometimes for the sake of separating java source files clearly from the rest of the project, you may want to use a subdirectory like "src" as the root for java packages and source files. You can accomplish this by carrying out the following steps.
With a java package in place, you are ready to create a java source file in Eclipse. In the package explorer window right click on your package to create a class inside that package. Say you give your java class a name "HelloWorld". In response Eclipse will create a "HelloWorld.java" source file inside that package.
The created java source file is automatically opened for editing in the center window of the screen with a bunch of windows all around. You will start feeling cheated with so little space for your expressive hand to work on. Well this is where Eclipse just shines. Eclipse allows you to maximize that view so that your edit window takes all the possible space. This functionality of maximizing an edit window and restoring that edit window back to its original position, is tied to the title bar of that edit window. Double clicking the title bar of the edit window will maximize the view or vice versa if it was already maximized.
When Eclipse generated your java class, it used a template to spit out code for your java class. You can change the template for this generation by following comments in this generated file.
Navigator view will show you the exact file structure on the hard drive for your projects.
Thus far you know how to create java projects, packages, and files. Now it is to time turn the attention to building a java project, specifying depenedent jar files, and creating jar files of your own for reusable code.
In Eclipse 3, the default setting is to build a java project automatically. If you don't want this you can go to "menu/project/Build Automatically" menu item and turn off this option. I have grown to like this option for building projects or source files automatically. Very efficient overall. There may be times where you want to turn this feature off. Your choice there.
Now add this code to your java class and save your file. This save operation would have already had your project built. To debug the project, Look for a "bug" icon on the tool bar and look for its drop down. While focused on the HelloWorld java file, you can choose "debug as a java application" to run your java class in debug mode. You will see the console output in one of the bottom tabs.
The above action basically created a debug configuration for your file identifying your class as the runnable class etc. If you do this for another java file in your project that would create another debug configuration with that name. Or you can manually create a debug configuration identifying the classname that contains the main method etc. There is more to debugging in Eclipse which is covered later in the document.
When you add a jar file as a dependency it will show up in the package explorer at the same level as your project. If the jar file has java source files as well as java class files in them, you can debug into the jar file as well. You can drill down into this jar file and pick the class file you want to debug, and double click on it. Eclipse will open up that class file with a suggestion to add the source code. At that time you can specify the same jar file again as the source for the java class files the jar file has the source. It is also possible to provide source via a source directory as well for that binary only jar file.
Once you are done with options, you can choose a jar file target for this export. This target jar path may be outside the project hierarchy or inside the project hierarchy. If it is inside make sure you exclude that directory during the jar generation process as part of the jar file. Then click on "Finish" to produce the jar file.
If you were to keep the jar file inside the hierarchy you can right click on it and open it using a system registered editor. In windows if the jar file is associated with winzip then this will show you what the final jar looks like. It is always a good idea to check the final jar to make sure the jar has every thing you need - neither more nor less.
Next time you want to generate that jar file, just right click on this jar description file and chose "createJar". If you want to modify this description file, either you can do it manually or invoke the GUI again by right clicking on this file and chosing "Open Jar packager".
While viewing a java file in the editor, just double click in the left margin against a source line to put a break point. You can put break points in the dependent jar files as well, as long as you have access to the source files of those jar files. Eclipse allows you to drill down and expand into a jar file to see the constituent directories and files. You can drill down into these dependent jar files and pick the class file you want to debug and double click on it. It will open up that class file with a suggestion to add the source code. Here you can specify the same jar file again as the source if the jar file has the source as well, or use an alternative source. This is especially heplful for remote debugging, which is covered later in the document as part of working with WAR development.
In older IDEs debugging used to be "just click a button", but is a bit more involved in modern IDEs, especially in Java. Older IDEs, especially under windows, worked with one project that usually resulted in a single executable file. So a "debug" in the IDE implied only one thing: build and run the only executable that is in the project. But the modern IDEs like Eclipse and Visual Studio can build multiple projects in a single environment. This means a single "debug" button is ambiguous. This is further more complicated for Java because, a workspace could not only include multiple projects, but each project may have more than one executable java file with a main method in it. This is an additional ambiguity that one has to deal with while debugging or running a program in Java.
Once you understand these issues you can anticipate perhaps with a bit of intuition how each IDE would have solved the debug ambiguity problem and how they implement single button click debug. In Eclipse this is handled through debug configurations. These are named configurations where you specify all the relevent material for the IDE so that the IDE can unambiguously resolve the java class that has a main method to start running.
Let me consider first debugging a java class that already has a main method in it.
Alternatively you can also right click on the java source file and choose "debug/java application"
Either choice will start the debugging process with stdout going to the console. In addition Eclipse will create debug/run configuration for this java class with its unqualified name in the work space. You can view/change this configuration later by going to the debug menu and choosing the "debug ..." menu item.
Alternatively, you can highlight a package and choose to "debug as application". Eclipse will then does a type search for a class with a main method inside of that package. Then it will allow you to pick a class from the list of classes. This selction will not only start the debug process but also creates a debug configuration as mentioned above. This method is equivalent to the method above except that this time Eclipse allowed you to choose that debug class a bit differently.
You can take this process one up the chain and choose the project and ask Eclipse to do "debug as a java application". This time Eclipse will try to locate a class with a main method in all of the packages and also in the dependent jar files.
Alternatively if you chose the debug menu item "debug ..." then Eclipse will show all the currently available debug configurations. You can edit a debug configuration to match your new specs or create a new degug configuration by choosing class name and the rest of the debug dependencies.
So far I have summarized the activities related to the creation and build of java projects. Let me now show you some hints or tips that would make you more productive as you start working with multiple files in your projects.
The goal of an IDE is to provide the developer enough visibility for all the needed assets and being able to manipulate them. The effectiveness of an IDE lies here. Eclipse has more than adequate facilities in this area. This section of the article intends to lay these out for you in the form of hints and tips.
Here you can add new file types and also editors that can handle these associations. Once these are defined, you will be able to double click on the files in your project and have them take advantage of Eclipse's nice windowing capabilities. Particularly the ability to work in regular/maximized views seemlessly.
Alternatively if you don't want to define a file association, you can drag the file into the editing window to force the editor to try to open that file. This is especially useful for batch files. Because double clicking on a batch file could result in two connotations. It might mean to run the batch file or to open it. If you leave the double click to "run" the file, you might want to drag the batchfile on to an editor to edit that batchfile.
The ability of Eclipse to go from a complex view with many windows to a simple view with only one window and go back where you started is very very nice. Eclipse does this very quickly as well. This is not limited to just two levels, as I have seen it done with three levels as well, all tied to the window/section title bar mouse clicks. The nice thing is you can do this not only to the editor windows but also to such utility windows as debug windows, console windows etc.
Another thing I use while editing files is ctrl-shift-f4. This will close all current windows that you are working on, particularly the editor windows. Sometimes you have oppened so many files, it just doesn't make sense to squinch your eyes to find out which file you want.
Which of the above you see depend on the context (perspective).
The usual file search facilities are available in Eclipse through search menus. For example you can search for files that contain some text you are looking for. What is pleasantly unusual after that is, when you choose the file to view from the search box at the bottom, notice the narrow right margin next to the editor window. You will see tiny rectangles or markers indicating the position or line of the occuring or found text. Simply click on that marker and you will be taken to that line of that file.
what more, if you were to change the source file to fix some of the searched patterns, that file reference will disappear from your search collection at the bottom. This allows for a very quick search and replace operation across a large number of files.
These markers are also quite helpful in the auto compilation mode where you can just follow the errors/issues and fix them. In the auto build mode these markers also get aggregated to the package level and also to the project level. That means if you see something wrong with a file because it did not compile, or if there is a warning, you will see a marker on that file and on that package and also on that project. This allows for a quick location of the errors. Just follow the markers starting at the project and down to the file.
Another unusual but nice facility Eclipse provide is searching or opening a java type. Go to "menu/navigate/Open type". This will open a dialog box where you can enter a partial class name and Eclipse will narrow the search with every letter you type. This is quite useful in locating java classes quickly irrespective of what packages they are in. If you are in a java perspective you can get to the same menu by typing the key combination ctrl-shift-t.
The magic of "open declaration"
While walking through java code you may want to see where a given class or a method is originally defined. By placing the cursor on one of these words, right click and choose "open declaration" to have Eclipse open the source file where the object, whether it is a class or a method, is originally defined.
Another wonderful thing Eclipse does is fill in a package import name for you when you try to create a type in the source code and that type is not already imported. Just hightlight the type string and do "right click/source/import type". This will import that type for you. Or you can use the key combination ctrl-shift-m while high-lighting the type name.
I don't use this often, but if you have imported types with a *, then you can use organize imports to import only those types that are used. This is automatic. Just choose the option and the file will change to include the specific types. Note that you will not be prompted for any confirmation.
As mentioned earlier attention markers are quite helpful in the auto compilation mode where you can easily follow them and fix them. In the auto build mode these markers also get aggregated to the package level and also to the project level. That means if you see something wrong with a file because it did not compile or there is a warning then you will see a marker on that file, and on that package, and also on that project. This allows for a quick location of the errors. Just follow the markers starting at the project and down to the file.
Also compilation errors, warnings and other messages show up in the "task window" at the bootom of your screen. You can configure how much information you want to see here. On the top right hand corner of the "task window" you will see an icon for "filters". This dialog allows you to configure the task view.
With that setting, if I select a project in the IDE, then all the problems related to that project will be shown. If I expand the project and choose a package with in that project, I will only see problems related to that package, so on and so forth.
The recent release of Eclipse helps out with code blocks in multiple ways. when a cursor is positioned somewhere in the editor the enclosing programming unit (function, class, etc) block is indicated with a thin (green) vertical bar in the left margin. As you type "if", "while" etc, Eclipse helps out with anonther color coded vertical bar indicating the span of the block. This seems to have a mind of its own in 3.0 release. Hopefully will get better in the next release. Also if you position the cursor next to an ending brace, the matching brace is enclosed in a color coded lightly visible rectangle.
When the code blocks are small one can grasp them in their entirity. However if you have an extended "if", it helps to realize the start and end of that code block. Even when you are careful not to extend your "if" blocks, you have the "try/catch" blocks to contend with, and even function boundaries. When this facility is not there you may not have missed much, but once you have used it, you may find yourself looking for it.
The right margin of your editing area is used quite effectively in Eclipse. The lines or areas requiring attention are subtly high-lighted using small colored rectangles. Using these markers you can quickly tell if there are deprecations in that file or errors in that file or search strings in that file. Moreover by clicking on these markers you can go to that area quickly to resolve the issue.
You may think of IDE as a place to compile, but it is also a good editing environment that brings together disjointed directories in to a single visual environment. For example, while working with a project, you may want to monitor log files, or look into external batch files or write notes in another part of a directory tree. For things like this you can use the Eclipse IDE to create a simple project and hook up your directory root in to the workspace as a simple project. This allows you to view/manipulate files in that directory without leaving the editor. For example I use a project called "work" pointing to "c:\work". This allows me to work with text files in this directory within the ide environment.
There are probably a number of ways to work with war projects. One can use a tool like Websphere Studio or MyEclipse studio. But these solutions require a substantial investment in cost and learning (atleast the websphere). The first goal for me is to document how one can use Eclipse with out any additional plugins to develop simple websites using Tomcat. This mode of working is especially useful for simple tools like Aspire/J2EE that require just an editing environment to be productive. I call this mode "Basic War development" in Eclipse.
One will have to use a commercial solution to take advantage of these additional benefits.
Once you have this directory structure in place, simply create a java project and specify the target directory as the webapp directory. Eclipse somehow seem to identify the inner jar files as dependent jar files. Eclipse will also automatically create a .classpath file and a .project file in that directory.
The .classpath file contains the jar files that are going to be used to build any java files if they were to be present. This is an xml file that can be tuned manually if needed. The .project file contains the project specific information in an xml format. Both these files are usually managed by the IDE and visible only in the navigator window. But when you migrate between different Eclipses or different boxes it might help to manually change these files to the new environments with out recreating the projects from scratch.
You can do this by going to "window/preferences/workbench/file association". I usually set them to a plain text editor. But if you happen to find a good editor for each one of those separately, do use those specialized editors. I haven't had much luck. Perhaps I will post a note when I do find one.
The next thing you do often is to locate a file in your war structure and try to edit it. For this you chose "search/search" available as "ctrl-h". Just type in the filename or a partial filename and you will be taken there. When the files are too many in the pane you can use "ctrl-shift-f4" to get rid of them all. Once in a while you want to go back to the previously opened files. You can do this by going to the "file" menu. By default it seem to show 4 files. I suppose one can increase this number. It will be nice to see this list as part of the editor pane.
I have noticed a couple of times that after editing a property file in the Eclipse text editor it will introduce some strange characters in the file, making the java property file reader to throw an exception. What makes hard is that these characters are invisible in regular editors. Only option is to carefully retype the lines using trial and error elimination.
The leading ^ carat symbol indicates the begining of a line.
So far I have discussed a WAR project with no java source files in it. This section will talk about how you can use Java as part of your WAR development effort and also being able to debug into java source files. Note that this does not cover the JSP debugging. This mode is especially usful for development systems like Aspire where the JSP pages are used only for painting, and all the business logic is acomplished by server side parts.
Start out by creating a sub directory called "src" under your web app root. Then proceed to define the "src" folder as your source folder for the java files. You can do this by "your-project/right-click/properties/java build path/source/Add Folder". Also on the same dialog box, change the output folder to "webapp-root/web-inf/classes". This will allow for the generated classes to be available for tomcat to load them from the war path.
Notice how jpda settings are set to socket and a socket address. Also see how the first argument to tomcat is mentioned as "jpda". This batch file is based on tomcat 5.0.28. For your specific version of tomcat you may have to tune it accordingly. When this file is run Tomcat's jvm will start in debug mode. In this mode the jvm will be listening on the above specified port "8587".
Sometimes if the JVM is not able to acquire the port it may start in regular mode abandoning listening on that port. One way to know whether if it is waiting on that port or not is to use the "netstat" tool.
This will print out all the server ports that are being listened on. Befor running your batch file, you should not see this port in the print out. After running your batch file you should see this port in the printout. Sometimes you will not see this port after running your batch file. This means most likely, for an unknown reason, JVM has failed to acquire this port. In my case I have tried a different port number and that seem to succeed.
You will have to chose the same port number that you have used in your debug batch file. The "source" tab is an important tab in the remote debug configuration dialog. It tells Eclipse where to look for the source files in addition to the project you have chosen. For example if you are using external jar files as part of your setup, you can set them up in a separate project and include that project as part of the source tab.
Once you create this configuration, you can save it and use that configuration for debugging. You will be able to put break points in the "src" folder that you have created earlier under your web application project. You can also put breakpoints in the external jar files project that you may have created.
3. A small FAQ I manage for Eclipse as I run into issues with Eclipse.


They've done it again. As with nazi germany and the soviet union, while the real government of the USA has been busy grooming china to be the USA's enemy in a future war, they have been busy transferring crucial military tech to it.
But the west is definitely not controlled by satanists.


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Canadian Income Tax Explained
Danielle Kubes
Danielle Kubes is a trained journalist and investor who has written about personal finance for the past six years. Her writing has been published in The Globe and Mail, National Post, MoneySense, Vice and RateHub.ca. Danielle writes about investing and personal finance for Wealthsimple. She has a Bachelor of Humanities from Carleton University and a Master of Journalism from Ryerson University.
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Benjamin Franklin's infamous quote certainly holds true in Canada.
"In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes,"
Canada's taxes are as abundant as our lakes. First there are a multitude of taxes on consumption, such as sales tax, land transfer tax, liquor tax, gas tax and custom tariffs on imported goods. Then there are taxes on assets, such as property taxes and car stickers. And finally, there's a tax on income.
What is income tax?
For almost every dollar you earn you must deposit portion in the government coffers.
It wasn't always this way. Before World War I Canada was a tax-free haven. Unlike England or the United States Canada prided itself on its no-federal-tax regime and viewed it to attract desperately needed skilled immigrants, investors and capitalists. Instead, the government made money mostly by selling off natural resources and charging high custom fees on imported goods.
But in 1917, the then-Finance Minister Sir Tomas White implemented the income tax act to pay for World War I and asked that it should be reviewed after the war.
But once implemented the government was unable to let go of this new and profitable stream of revenue and we've had it ever since.
While income tax may seem natural and inevitable to us today, it was met with resistance at the time and considered a significant burden.
When income taxes were first introduced, single people had a personal exemption of $24,500 in today's dollars, while married people had an exemption of $50,000. Over those amounts they were taxed just 4%.
Now married and single people have identical federal personal exemptions, at around $13,230. The top federal tax rate is 33% and when we add in provincial tax rates, the total marginal tax rate now reaches 53.53%.
Surprisingly, 33% or 9 million Canadians pay no income tax at all. The millstone falls upon the necks on the 67%, or 18.4 million Canadians who do. For them, income tax is likely one of the most expensive line items on their budget.
Collectively, taxes now contribute about $265 billion annually to our government, which makes up about 50% of its total revenue.
But they pay it without (much) complaint because it's the price of living in one of the most developed, prosperous nations of all time. As Oliver Wendell Holmes, the 19th century US Supreme Court Justice said, "I hate paying taxes. But I love the civilization they give me."
The Canadian Revenue Agency (CRA) collects this money to pay for the government's operating expenses and delivery of services. Taxes are the reason we have the military, the police force, libraries, high schools, hospitals, roads, prisons, and the CBC. The government also choose to redistributes much of these taxes to lower income and vulnerable Canadians in the form of child benefits, employment insurance, old age security, and social assistance.
How income tax works in Canada
You're required to report your income to the CRA annually by filing paperwork known as a tax return. In this return you must list all your income sources and note your eligibility for any deductions or credits.
The tax system is based off of trust. Although the CRA does know about some of your income, they mostly rely on citizens to self-report their total income accurately.
Fudging or cheating on your taxes is serious—our system would collapse if we didn't all pay our fair share. Plus, the CRA is now cracking down on fraudsters. It set aside $444.4 million over five years to help track down $2.6 billion in additional taxes it thinks hasn't been paid.
The CRA recommends you file a return even if you do not earn any money.
Remember how we said our government redistributes taxes to some Canadians? Well they determine your eligibility for these redistribution schemes based on your tax return. So if you don't file your taxes you may miss out on free money. Some payouts you may be eligible for include:
Child tax benefit
GST/HST credit
Guaranteed income supplement
The deadline to pay your income taxes
The deadline to pay taxes, for those who earn enough to do so, can be confusing because the date you must pay does not always line up with the date that you must file.
Employed individuals have the same payment and file date: April 30th. That's because their taxes usually get taken off at the source, on each paycheque, and so their tax calculation is simpler.
Self-employed individuals must pay any taxes owed by April 30th, but they have until June 15th to file their return. That's likely because their taxes are more complicated—they are responsible for setting aside money throughout the year, keeping organized books and for storing proof of expenses.
Large corporations must pay any taxes owed two months after their year end, while small Canadian businesses have until three months after their year end. However, they have until six months after their year end to actually file their taxes. Sometimes a corporation's fiscal year end lines up with the calendar year.
The CRA charges a fee for late filers—5% of your balance owed plus an additional 1% for each month late.
Income tax rates in Canada
Canada has a graduated tax system, which means the more you earn the more you pay.
Under this system, money is divided into income brackets which determines the applicable tax rate. A common mistake is to assume that all income is charged at the rate of its highest tax bracket. In fact, we are charged progressively, which means that first you pay the rate in the lowest bracket and only pay the higher rate on each additional dollar. This is also called your marginal tax rate.
For example, if you earn $1, you'll pay 10%. But on the second dollar you'll have to pay 20%. And on the third dollar, you'll be on the hook for 30%. But you never have to pay 30% of $3. Instead, you paid a total of just $0.60 which works out to an average tax rate of just 20%.
Some find this graduated system fair, while others feel it burdens hard workers, penalizes success, and discourages prosperity.
Corporations are the exception to this system, however. They get to pay a flat tax instead of a graduated tax. The flat tax for small, private Canadian corporations, for example, maxes out at 15% (9% federal rate plus up to an additional 6% provincially, no matter how much they earn).
Graduated tax rates can be extremely confusing because the tax brackets don't depend just on the amount earned—they also depend on where the money comes from. Plus, Ottawa and each province has a completely different tax bracket. You must add the two together to come up with the total rate.
Some Canadians are surprised to learn that not all income is treated equally. To encourage economic growth, the government typically gives a tax break to money earned from selling an investment—capital gains are charged at half the typical rate. And to encourage jobs and development, small Canadian corporations, as we said, have extremely low tax rates. The highest tax rates are applied to wages and salaries.
The CRA differentiates between these six types of income sources:
Other income (including employment and interest)
Eligible dividends (from large, public Canadian corporations)
Ineligible dividends (from small Canadian corporations)
General corporate income
Small business corporate income
So, for example, let's say you made $50,000 in employment income, and you live in Ontario. That's in the second tax bracket both federally and provincially.
The federal government charges you 15% on the first $48,535 you made, minus the federal exemption of $13,229, and then 20.5% on the remaining amount. Ontario charges you 5.05% on the first $44,740, minus the provincial exemption of $10,783, and 9.15% on the remaining amount. That's what we mean when we say that the more you make the more you pay.
Or, let's say you sold a lucky stock and made $50,000. That would be considered a capital gain, which is taxed at half the typical rate. So Ottawa would charge just 7.05% on the first $48,535 and 10.25% on the remaining amount Ontario would charge you 10.03% on the first $44,740 and 12.08% on what remains.
The tax system is set up so that if you earned $50,000 of eligible dividends and no other income and live in Ontario you would pay almost no tax. Dividend money is considered to have already done its duty, since it comes from after-tax corporate profit.
Income that's not taxable
Luckily, not all income is taxable. Here are some examples of income that is taxed in Canada:
Income that we're required to pay a duty on includes:
Self-employment income minus expenses
Income from selling stocks, bonds or an investment property
Withdrawals from RRSPs
Corporate income minus expenses
Income exempt from taxes includes:
Most lottery winnings
Most inheritances and gifts
Child benefit payments
Payouts form a life insurance policy
School scholarships
Withdrawals from TFSA
Strike pay from a union
British Columbia 5.06% on the first $40,707 of taxable income
7.7% on the next $40,707-$81,416
10.5% on the next $81,416-$93,476
12.29% on the next $93,476-$113,503
14.7% on the next $113,503-$153,900
Alberta 10% on the first $131,200
12% on the next $131,200-$157,464
Saskatchewan 11% on the first $45,225 of taxable income,
12.75% on $45,225-$129,214
Manitoba 10.8% on the first $32,670 of taxable income
12.75% on the next $32,670-$70,610
Ontario 5.05% on the first $43,906 of taxable income
9.15% on the next $43,906-$87,813
12.16% on the next $150,000-$220,000
13.16 % on the amount over $220,000
Quebec 0% $0-$15,269
15% $15,269.01-$43.790
20% More than $43,790.01, but not more than $87,575
24% More than $87,575.01, but not more than $106,555
25.75% More than $106,555
New Brunswick 9.68% on the first $42,592 of taxable income
Nova Scotia 8.79% on the first $29,590 of taxable income
17.5% on the next $93,000-$150,000
Prince Edward Island 9.8% on the first $31,984 of taxable income
Newfoundland and Labrador 8.7% on the first $37,579 of taxable income
Nunavut 4% on the first $45,414 of taxable income
7% on the next $45,414-$90,829
9% on the next $90,889-$147,667
Yukon 6.4% on the first $47,630 of taxable income
Northwest Territories 5.9% on the first $43,137 of taxable income
How to reduce your income tax
Paying what you owe in income taxes is a civic duty. But there's no reason to pay a penny more than is required. Finding ways to reduce your taxable income is not only legal, but financially responsible. Strategies to do so range from the simple and the common—maximize deductions—to the elaborate and the esoteric—like buying flow-through shares. Ultimately, a good accountant will be the best person to help find you tax efficiencies in your particular situation.
But here's a few ideas:
1. Change up your income sources
As we discussed previously, our government gives some types of income preferential treatment. Employment income and interest bear the heaviest burden, while capital gains and dividends are barely touched. Instead of relying on a job and stashing funds in a savings account, many people try investing. If you can manage, over the long-term, to transfer surplus income from your salary into an investment portfolio you will be able to shelter much of your funds from taxes.
2. Move from sole-proprietorship to incorporation
If you're a freelancer or have a small business, consider switching from a sole-proprietorship to a corporation. While incorporating comes with heavier compliance requirements and a trickier tax return, it could drop your tax rate significantly. In Ontario, for example, high earners would go from a marginal tax rate of 53.5% to just 13.5%. That's only inside the corporation of course—once you transfer the funds and pay yourself a salary or dividend you'll have to pay income taxes at your regular marginal rate. This strategy will only save you on taxes if you make enough to be able to retain income inside the corporation. Speak with a professional accountant to see if your small business can benefit from this tactic.
3. Defer taxes
There's a concept in financial planning that states that money today is always better than money tomorrow. So if there's a way to put off paying taxes until tomorrow you should always take advantage of that opportunity. That's because money can grow over time, and the more money you have the faster it can grow. Paying taxes impedes this process.
The most obvious way to defer taxes is to stash funds and invest inside your RRSP. The money can grow sheltered from taxes until you withdraw funds in retirement. While eventually you'll have to pay the piper, your marginal tax rate will hopefully be lower than it is in your prime working years. You can do the same in your TFSA. Although you're contributing with after-tax funds, the money once inside will also be able to grow free, away from the long-reach of the CRA.
For investors and small business owners, a common way to defer taxes is to leave money inside a corporation for as long as possible. If you own an investment property you can write off the depreciation every year, which delays paying taxes until you actually sell the property.
As you can see, there's still quite a bit of wiggle room in the tax code to postpone your tax obligations and put your money to better use.
4.Maximize all deductions
Deductions work by lowering your income, hopefully by enough to kick you down a tax bracket.
Typical deductions include charitable donations, medical expenses, union dues, RRSP contributions, childcare expenses, and capital losses.
How to calculate income tax
Calculating your exact income tax is no easy task. Canada's tax system is a warren of baffling codes, 1.1 million words long, that sometimes even confuses call centre agents at the CRA. (An audit found that nearly 30% of the answers given to taxpayers by these agents was wrong.)
A rough calculation can be done by first figuring out your total income minus any applicable deductions. Then simply multiply your income, per source, by its suitable marginal tax rate.
To get an estimate, use an online tax calculator.
How to pay income tax online
You can file longhand, the old-fashioned paper way, or though a free or paid service online. Many Canadians choose to outsource the work to an accountant, although learning to do your own taxes can feel like quite an achievement, as if you've just cracked some sort of cryptogram, 1,412 pages long.
You can pay your taxes by mailing a cheque, or by walking into any major bank with a cheque.
If you prefer to pay online you have three options:
Pay through online banking. Simply set-up up the CRA as a bill payee through your bank
Pay direct at the CRA with a debit card through "My Payment"
Use a third-party service to pay with a credit card or PayPal.
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With This Ring, I Close The Loop (and #OpenAPS)
Written by Mike Hoskins — Updated on June 1, 2018
We're thrilled to see so much innovation cropping up in the "real world" of diabetes these days, with many do-it-yourself creations moving the needle forward. That's a big part of what DiabetesMine is all about, and the impetus behind the grassroots #WeAreNotWaiting movement that kicked off in late 2013.
Just recently, we shared the story of the Mazlish family in New York family (aka the Bigfoot clan), and how they've been using a homemade closed loop system for 2+ years now.
Today, it's a privilege to share another story from the opposite end of the country where a soon-to-be married couple, Dana Lewis and Scott Leibrand, have also "closed the loop" with their own homemade tech known as the Do-It-Yourself Pancreas System (or DIYPS, for short).
First, meet Dana and Scott. Diagnosed with type 1 during her freshman year of high school, Dana's from the greater Seattle, WA, area and works as senior manager of digital content for a non-profit health system. Of course, many in the online advocacy world know her as the founder of the weekly #HCSM chat years ago, which later inspired the #DSMA chat on Twitter each week. The man beside her is Scott, a "type awesome" with a computer networking engineering background and career.
They're both busy professionals, working on this DIYPS project in their spare time, which is impressive! Check out this great Q&A with the couple from March 2014 for more detail on their story and how their D-tech project came to be, in November 2013.
In early February, they took their effort to the next level by launching the #OpenAPS (Open Artificial Pancreas System) project, aimed at bringing closed loop functionality to anyone who wants to delve into it for themselves. Like so many in this tech-savvy #WeAreNotWaiting open-source world, they're sharing pretty much everything online for free — allowing independent users, researchers, non-profits and even industry folk to experiment and hopefully make D-tech better for all of us.
We connected with the couple by phone recently, and here's what they had to say about the new #OpenAPS effort and how the DIYPS system has helped them in their personal lives — especially now, leading into their upcoming wedding in August (!)
DM) OK, what exactly is the Do-It-Yourself-Pancreas System?
Dana) If you look at the setup, it doesn't look like an AP system. It's very underwhelming to look at, but that's the beauty of it.
The basic idea of the system and physical components are a Raspberry Pi (credit card-sized computer), a Medtronic Minimed pump, a Dexcom CGM, and a Nightscout uploader. They are really basic physical components, and it's battery powered and stays in close proximity to the user. It uses an algorithm that basically asks, 'Hey, do you need this much insulin as a bolus?' And it converts that to a basal rate. That's the only configuration we had to do.
Scott) The OpenAPS we have today is based on existing components we had for DIYPS. We use the Nightscout uploader, it does all the calculations in the cloud, and then the Raspberry Pi just has to connect to the Internet and download that to the pump. It's a very dumb system, actually, but that's because it's designed to be simple. This is not the same kind of "blackbox algorithm" that most Artificial Pancreas projects use, and it's designed to be extremely safe. It just sets a temp basal for 30 minutes at a time, so there's minimal risk of administering too much insulin — and even if it did, it can't administer enough to do any harm. We have been very mindful during this entire process of making it an easy-to-understand system and making sure it's completely safe and very predictable, using the same bolus and basal paradigm used in pumping.
There are things we want to make better, like compacting the uploader so it only takes up half a pocket and is more portable. It is portable with a battery pack now, but it's just not small enough to be practical to carry all over the place right now.
When we saw you both at the most recent D-Data Exchange event, you hadn't yet closed the loop… This all moved quicker than you were expecting, right?
Scott) We've been going non-stop since December, and every night for a year from when we first got data off the CGM, in mid-November '13.
Dana) When we looked at closing the loop, we said, "Hey, we can do this by Aug. 1 for the wedding…." we ended up doing that in two weeks and closed the loop for the first time in December. So, we have many months to get it perfected and running the best we can. A big question now is, how it will be used at the wedding?
What's the personal experience been like for you using this DIYPS?
Dana) This has changed how I live with diabetes, regardless of all the data. That's not something to overlook in all of this. That approach is revolutionary, and it's something we want to translate and make available to other people and clinicians. We think it's a novel way to approach something everyone needs in living with diabetes, to make these decisions and get to extremely better outcomes.
But what's fascinating to me is that if you took all my tech away, I'd still be so much better based on what I've learned from using the system.
OK, it sounds pretty awesome. But what about those of us who aren't very tech-savvy, and may not be able to put this together for ourselves?
Dana) My goal is to help educate people about how I've used this. I don't want to discourage people to think you have to be an engineer, or have some tech knowledge to get this set up. There are a lot of people involved, and there is so much support — and that's why we have this all being shared and discussed openly.
Why open-source and community-based?
Scott) The reason this worked is because a bunch of people found each other. We couldn't have done this without John Costik (a D-Dad who began the Nightscout/CGM in the Cloud movement), and Ben West, who helped with the CareLink package. There are so many various people who are a part of this. It's a social movement as much as it is a technical thing.
How do you think this changes the game for industry and regulated products?
Scott) Our dream here is to get to a point where the simple APS is considered just the standard way of doing things. The diabetes companies can start innovating on the harder problems. We want to free up their time, and make these things come together…
Dana) We want them to make better pumps and sensors, and be able to focus on that. We don't want to underplay their role in all of this. We wouldn't be here without them. Ideally, you could pick whichever pump and CGM brand you like, and then use those devices with this algorithm simply by plugging it in and turning it on. That's the dream, to have this plug-and-play system for closed loop. You shouldn't be limited by proprietary products and brands of technology.
And you have talked with the FDA about all of this?
Dana) Yes. I am constantly surprised when we reach out to the FDA at how receptive they are when they respond. It's clear that we have equal rights to initiate these regulatory conversations. Last year at this time, we never imagined two individuals could go talk to the FDA about this setup and get anywhere meaningful!
Scott) They're listening. It will be interesting to see where we go from here, as we get into more AP systems that are still being developed.
What's the next milestone for your project?
Dana) There is not a specific timeline or deadline. We are in Phase I, so to speak — getting other innovators building their own loop. With this Call to Action that's happening now, we want to share the data and build upon what we're all learning. We are also talking to potential partners and sponsors for clinical trials.
Scott) The timeline is dependent on how quickly we get certain things done. There are two parallel tracks:
The N=1 studies that are outside the regulatory process, just people experimenting on themselves. There is no need for (investigational trial) approval or mass use. That's going on, and it's the #WeAreNotWaiting side of this. The plan is to start collecting individual data and putting that together to show it's safe.
Then there's the traditional clinical trial vision, to find and start talking to people with experience getting FDA approval for those studies.
It seems this is a critical moment when many of these developments are "coming out of the closet," so to speak…
Dana) That we are being open and transparent, I think, does help companies and others who are in stealth mode. And it gives people with diabetes to hope that it's coming.
Scott) It's exciting to see so many who've been doing this, but haven't been comfortable sharing until now. That's big. The speed at which Nightscout is running, makes all of this move ahead more quickly. It's interesting to see those efforts come out into the open.
How can we all help?
Dana) The big thing I hear all the time is, "I want it!" and then the question of how they can get it. Sign up for the OpenAPS mailing list, and you can find all kinds of information there online including any announcements we make.
Everyone's a part of this. It takes all kinds of people with different skills and knowledge, and just being willing to share stories. Recently, someone saw a typo appearing on the Nightscout screen, and he opened up the tracking document online and put a bug report in to get it fixed. That involved Github (development environment), and it was very straightforward to make the change himself even with a small learning curve. So just proofreading is important, and just spreading word and talking about it. There's something everyone can do.
This is such great news, both on the #OpenAPS front and about that big wedding coming up! We wish huge success on both fronts!
This content is created for Diabetes Mine, a leading consumer health blog focused on the diabetes community that joined Healthline Media in 2015. The Diabetes Mine team is made up of informed patient advocates who are also trained journalists. We focus on providing content that informs and inspires people affected by diabetes.
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