text:
/**
 * @file coco_suite.c
 * @brief Definitions of functions regarding COCO suites.
 *
 * When a new suite is added, the functions coco_suite_intialize, coco_suite_get_instances_by_year and
 * coco_suite_get_problem_from_indices need to be updated.
 *
 * @see Instructions on how to write new test functions and combine them into test
 * suites.
 */

#include <time.h>

#include "coco.h"
#include "coco_internal.h"
#include "coco_utilities.c"

#include "suite_bbob.c"
#include "suite_biobj.c"
#include "suite_toy.c"
#include "suite_largescale.c"

/** @brief The maximum number of different instances in a suite. */
#define COCO_MAX_INSTANCES 1000

/**
 * @brief Calls the initializer of the given suite.
 *
 * @note This function needs to be updated when a new suite is added to COCO.
 */
static coco_suite_t *coco_suite_intialize(const char *suite_name) {

  coco_suite_t *suite;

  if (strcmp(suite_name, "toy") == 0) {
    suite = suite_toy_initialize();
  } else if (strcmp(suite_name, "bbob") == 0) {
    suite = suite_bbob_initialize();
  } else if (strcmp(suite_name, "bbob-biobj") == 0) {
    suite = suite_biobj_initialize();
  } else if (strcmp(suite_name, "bbob-largescale") == 0) {
    suite = suite_largescale_initialize();
  }
  else {
    coco_error("coco_suite_intialize(): unknown problem suite");
    return NULL;
  }

  return suite;
}

/**
 * @brief Calls the function that sets the instanced by year for the given suite.
 *
 * @note This function needs to be updated when a new suite is added to COCO.
 */
static const char *coco_suite_get_instances_by_year(const coco_suite_t *suite, const int year) {
  const char *year_string;

  if (strcmp(suite->suite_name, "bbob") == 0) {
    year_string = suite_bbob_get_instances_by_year(year);
  } else if (strcmp(suite->suite_name, "bbob-biobj") == 0) {
    year_string = suite_biobj_get_instances_by_year(year);
  } else {
    coco_error("coco_suite_get_instances_by_year(): suite '%s' has no years defined", suite->suite_name);
    return NULL;
  }

  return year_string;
}

/**
 * @brief Calls the function that returns the problem corresponding to the given suite, function index,
 * dimension index and instance index.
 *
 * @note This function needs to be updated when a new suite is added to COCO.
 */
static coco_problem_t *coco_suite_get_problem_from_indices(coco_suite_t *suite,
                                                           const size_t function_idx,
                                                           const size_t dimension_idx,
                                                           const size_t instance_idx) {

  coco_problem_t *problem;

  if (strcmp(suite->suite_name, "toy") == 0) {
    problem = suite_toy_get_problem(suite, function_idx, dimension_idx, instance_idx);
  } else if (strcmp(suite->suite_name, "bbob") == 0) {
    problem = suite_bbob_get_problem(suite, function_idx, dimension_idx, instance_idx);
  } else if (strcmp(suite->suite_name, "bbob-biobj") == 0) {
    problem = suite_biobj_get_problem(suite, function_idx, dimension_idx, instance_idx);
  } else if (strcmp(suite->suite_name, "bbob-largescale") == 0) {
    problem = suite_largescale_get_problem(suite, function_idx, dimension_idx, instance_idx);
  } else {
    coco_error("coco_suite_get_problem_from_indices(): unknown problem suite");
    return NULL;
  }

  return problem;
}

/**
 * @brief Allocates the space for a coco_suite_t instance.
 *
 * This function sets the functions and dimensions contained in the suite, while the instances are set by
 * the function coco_suite_set_instance.
 */
static coco_suite_t *coco_suite_allocate(const char *suite_name,
                                         const size_t number_of_functions,
                                         const size_t number_of_dimensions,
                                         const size_t *dimensions,
                                         const char *default_instances) {

  coco_suite_t *suite;
  size_t i;

  suite = (coco_suite_t *) coco_allocate_memory(sizeof(*suite));

  suite->suite_name = coco_strdup(suite_name);

  suite->number_of_dimensions = number_of_dimensions;
  assert(number_of_dimensions > 0);
  suite->dimensions = coco_allocate_vector_size_t(suite->number_of_dimensions);
  for (i = 0; i < suite->number_of_dimensions; i++) {
    suite->dimensions[i] = dimensions[i];
  }

  suite->number_of_functions = number_of_functions;
  assert(number_of_functions > 0);
  suite->functions = coco_allocate_vector_size_t(suite->number_of_functions);
  for (i = 0; i < suite->number_of_functions; i++) {
    suite->functions[i] = i + 1;
  }

  assert(strlen(default_instances) > 0);
  suite->default_instances = coco_strdup(default_instances);

  /* Will be set to the first valid dimension index before the constructor ends */
  suite->current_dimension_idx = -1;
  /* Will be set to the first valid function index before the constructor ends  */
  suite->current_function_idx = -1;

  suite->current_instance_idx = -1;
  suite->current_problem = NULL;

  /* To be set in coco_suite_set_instance() */
  suite->number_of_instances = 0;
  suite->instances = NULL;

  /* To be set in particular suites if needed */
  suite->data = NULL;
  suite->data_free_function = NULL;

  return suite;
}

/**
 * @brief Sets the suite instance to the given instance_numbers.
 */
static void coco_suite_set_instance(coco_suite_t *suite,
                                    const size_t *instance_numbers) {

  size_t i;

  if (!instance_numbers) {
    coco_error("coco_suite_set_instance(): no instance given");
    return;
  }

  suite->number_of_instances = coco_count_numbers(instance_numbers, COCO_MAX_INSTANCES, "suite instance numbers");
  suite->instances = coco_allocate_vector_size_t(suite->number_of_instances);
  for (i = 0; i < suite->number_of_instances; i++) {
    suite->instances[i] = instance_numbers[i];
  }

}

/**
 * @brief Filters the given items w.r.t. the given indices (starting from 1).
 *
 * Sets items[i - 1] to 0 for every i that cannot be found in indices (this function performs the conversion
 * from user-friendly indices starting from 1 to C-friendly indices starting from 0).
 */
static void coco_suite_filter_indices(size_t *items, const size_t number_of_items, const size_t *indices, const char *name) {

  size_t i, j;
  size_t count = coco_count_numbers(indices, COCO_MAX_INSTANCES, name);
  int found;

  for (i = 1; i <= number_of_items; i++) {
    found = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < count; j++) {
      if (i == indices[j]) {
        found = 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (!found)
      items[i - 1] = 0;
  }

}

/**
 * @brief Filters dimensions w.r.t. the given dimension_numbers.
 *
 * Sets suite->dimensions[i] to 0 for every dimension value that cannot be found in dimension_numbers.
 */
static void coco_suite_filter_dimensions(coco_suite_t *suite, const size_t *dimension_numbers) {

  size_t i, j;
  size_t count = coco_count_numbers(dimension_numbers, COCO_MAX_INSTANCES, "dimensions");
  int found;

  for (i = 0; i < suite->number_of_dimensions; i++) {
    found = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < count; j++) {
      if (suite->dimensions[i] == dimension_numbers[j])
        found = 1;
    }
    if (!found)
      suite->dimensions[i] = 0;
  }

}

/**
 * @param suite The given suite.
 * @param function_idx The index of the function in question (starting from 0).
 *
 * @return The function number in position function_idx in the suite. If the function has been filtered out
 * through suite_options in the coco_suite function, the result is 0.
 */
size_t coco_suite_get_function_from_function_index(const coco_suite_t *suite, const size_t function_idx) {

  if (function_idx >= suite->number_of_functions) {
    coco_error("coco_suite_get_function_from_function_index(): function index exceeding the number of functions in the suite");
    return 0; /* Never reached*/
  }

 return suite->functions[function_idx];
}

/**
 * @param suite The given suite.
 * @param dimension_idx The index of the dimension in question (starting from 0).
 *
 * @return The dimension number in position dimension_idx in the suite. If the dimension has been filtered out
 * through suite_options in the coco_suite function, the result is 0.
 */
size_t coco_suite_get_dimension_from_dimension_index(const coco_suite_t *suite, const size_t dimension_idx) {

  if (dimension_idx >= suite->number_of_dimensions) {
    coco_error("coco_suite_get_dimension_from_dimension_index(): dimensions index exceeding the number of dimensions in the suite");
    return 0; /* Never reached*/
  }

 return suite->dimensions[dimension_idx];
}

/**
 * @param suite The given suite.
 * @param instance_idx The index of the instance in question (starting from 0).
 *
 * @return The instance number in position instance_idx in the suite. If the instance has been filtered out
 * through suite_options in the coco_suite function, the result is 0.
 */
size_t coco_suite_get_instance_from_instance_index(const coco_suite_t *suite, const size_t instance_idx) {

  if (instance_idx >= suite->number_of_instances) {
    coco_error("coco_suite_get_instance_from_instance_index(): instance index exceeding the number of instances in the suite");
    return 0; /* Never reached*/
  }

 return suite->functions[instance_idx];
}

void coco_suite_free(coco_suite_t *suite) {

  if (suite != NULL) {

    if (suite->suite_name) {
      coco_free_memory(suite->suite_name);
      suite->suite_name = NULL;
    }
    if (suite->dimensions) {
      coco_free_memory(suite->dimensions);
      suite->dimensions = NULL;
    }
    if (suite->functions) {
      coco_free_memory(suite->functions);
      suite->functions = NULL;
    }
    if (suite->instances) {
      coco_free_memory(suite->instances);
      suite->instances = NULL;
    }
    if (suite->default_instances) {
      coco_free_memory(suite->default_instances);
      suite->default_instances = NULL;
    }

    if (suite->current_problem) {
      coco_problem_free(suite->current_problem);
      suite->current_problem = NULL;
    }

    if (suite->data != NULL) {
      if (suite->data_free_function != NULL) {
        suite->data_free_function(suite->data);
      }
      coco_free_memory(suite->data);
      suite->data = NULL;
    }

    coco_free_memory(suite);
    suite = NULL;
  }
}

/**
 * Note that the problem_index depends on the number of instances a suite is defined with.
 *
 * @param suite The given suite.
 * @param problem_index The index of the problem to be returned.
 *
 * @return The problem of the suite defined by problem_index.
 */
coco_problem_t *coco_suite_get_problem(coco_suite_t *suite, const size_t problem_index) {

  size_t function_idx = 0, instance_idx = 0, dimension_idx = 0;
  coco_suite_decode_problem_index(suite, problem_index, &function_idx, &dimension_idx, &instance_idx);

  return coco_suite_get_problem_from_indices(suite, function_idx, dimension_idx, instance_idx);
}

/**
 * The number of problems in the suite is computed as a product of the number of instances, number of
 * functions and number of dimensions and therefore doesn't account for any filtering done through the
 * suite_options parameter of the coco_suite function.
 *
 * @param suite The given suite.
 *
 * @return The number of problems in the suite.
 */
size_t coco_suite_get_number_of_problems(const coco_suite_t *suite) {
  return (suite->number_of_instances * suite->number_of_functions * suite->number_of_dimensions);
}

/**
 * @brief Returns the instances read from either a "year: YEAR" or "instances: NUMBERS" string.
 *
 * If both "year" and "instances" are given, the second is ignored (and a warning is raised). See the
 * coco_suite function for more information about the required format.
 */
static size_t *coco_suite_get_instance_indices(const coco_suite_t *suite, const char *suite_instance) {

  int year = -1;
  char *instances = NULL;
  const char *year_string = NULL;
  long year_found, instances_found;
  int parce_year = 1, parce_instances = 1;
  size_t *result = NULL;

  if (suite_instance == NULL)
    return NULL;

  year_found = coco_strfind(suite_instance, "year");
  instances_found = coco_strfind(suite_instance, "instances");

  if ((year_found < 0) && (instances_found < 0))
    return NULL;

  if ((year_found > 0) && (instances_found > 0)) {
    if (year_found < instances_found) {
      parce_instances = 0;
      coco_warning("coco_suite_get_instance_indices(): 'instances' suite option ignored because it follows 'year'");
    }
    else {
      parce_year = 0;
      coco_warning("coco_suite_get_instance_indices(): 'year' suite option ignored because it follows 'instances'");
    }
  }

  if ((year_found >= 0) && (parce_year == 1)) {
    if (coco_options_read_int(suite_instance, "year", &(year)) != 0) {
      year_string = coco_suite_get_instances_by_year(suite, year);
      result = coco_string_parse_ranges(year_string, 1, 0, "instances", COCO_MAX_INSTANCES);
    } else {
      coco_warning("coco_suite_get_instance_indices(): problems parsing the 'year' suite_instance option, ignored");
    }
  }

  instances = coco_allocate_string(COCO_MAX_INSTANCES);
  if ((instances_found >= 0) && (parce_instances == 1)) {
    if (coco_options_read_values(suite_instance, "instances", instances) > 0) {
      result = coco_string_parse_ranges(instances, 1, 0, "instances", COCO_MAX_INSTANCES);
    } else {
      coco_warning("coco_suite_get_instance_indices(): problems parsing the 'instance' suite_instance option, ignored");
    }
  }
  coco_free_memory(instances);

  return result;
}

/**
 * @brief Iterates through the items from the current_item_id position on in search for the next positive
 * item.
 *
 * If such an item is found, current_item_id points to this item and the method returns 1. If such an
 * item cannot be found, current_item_id points to the first positive item and the method returns 0.
 */
static int coco_suite_is_next_item_found(const size_t *items, const size_t number_of_items, long *current_item_id) {

  if ((*current_item_id) != number_of_items - 1)  {
    /* Not the last item, iterate through items */
    do {
      (*current_item_id)++;
    } while (((*current_item_id) < number_of_items - 1) && (items[*current_item_id] == 0));

    assert((*current_item_id) < number_of_items);
    if (items[*current_item_id] != 0) {
      /* Next item is found, return true */
      return 1;
    }
  }

  /* Next item cannot be found, move to the first good item and return false */
  *current_item_id = -1;
  do {
    (*current_item_id)++;
  } while ((*current_item_id < number_of_items - 1) && (items[*current_item_id] == 0));
  if (items[*current_item_id] == 0)
    coco_error("coco_suite_is_next_item_found(): the chosen suite has no valid (positive) items");
  return 0;
}

/**
 * @brief Iterates through the instances of the given suite from the current_instance_idx position on in
 * search for the next positive instance.
 *
 * If such an instance is found, current_instance_idx points to this instance and the method returns 1. If
 * such an instance cannot be found, current_instance_idx points to the first positive instance and the
 * method returns 0.
 */
static int coco_suite_is_next_instance_found(coco_suite_t *suite) {

  return coco_suite_is_next_item_found(suite->instances, suite->number_of_instances,
      &suite->current_instance_idx);
}

/**
 * @brief Iterates through the functions of the given suite from the current_function_idx position on in
 * search for the next positive function.
 *
 * If such a function is found, current_function_idx points to this function and the method returns 1. If
 * such a function cannot be found, current_function_idx points to the first positive function,
 * current_instance_idx points to the first positive instance and the method returns 0.
 */
static int coco_suite_is_next_function_found(coco_suite_t *suite) {

  int result = coco_suite_is_next_item_found(suite->functions, suite->number_of_functions,
      &suite->current_function_idx);
  if (!result) {
    /* Reset the instances */
    suite->current_instance_idx = -1;
    coco_suite_is_next_instance_found(suite);
  }
  return result;
}

/**
 * @brief Iterates through the dimensions of the given suite from the current_dimension_idx position on in
 * search for the next positive dimension.
 *
 * If such a dimension is found, current_dimension_idx points to this dimension and the method returns 1. If
 * such a dimension cannot be found, current_dimension_idx points to the first positive dimension and the
 * method returns 0.
 */
static int coco_suite_is_next_dimension_found(coco_suite_t *suite) {

  return coco_suite_is_next_item_found(suite->dimensions, suite->number_of_dimensions,
      &suite->current_dimension_idx);
}

/**
 * Currently, four suites are supported:
 * - "bbob" contains 24
 * single-objective functions in 6 dimensions (2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40)
 * - "bbob-biobj" contains 55 bi-objective
 * functions in 6 dimensions (2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40)
 * - "bbob-largescale" contains 24
 * single-objective functions in 6 large dimensions (40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280)
 * - "toy" contains 6
 * single-objective functions in 5 dimensions (2, 3, 5, 10, 20)
 *
 * Only the suite_name parameter needs to be non-empty. The suite_instance and suite_options can be "" or
 * NULL. In this case, default values are taken (default instances of a suite are those used in the last year
 * and the suite is not filtered by default).
 *
 * @param suite_name A string containing the name of the suite. Currently supported suite names are "bbob",
 * "bbob-biobj", "bbob-largescale" and "toy".
 * @param suite_instance A string used for defining the suite instances. Two ways are supported:
 * - "year: YEAR", where YEAR is the year of the BBOB workshop, includes the instances (to be) used in that
 * year's workshop;
 * - "instances: VALUES", where VALUES are instance numbers from 1 on written as a comma-separated list or a
 * range m-n.
 * @param suite_options A string of pairs "key: value" used to filter the suite (especially useful for
 * parallelizing the experiments). Supported options:
 * - "dimensions: LIST", where LIST is the list of dimensions to keep in the suite (range-style syntax is
 * not allowed here),
 * - "dimension_indices: VALUES", where VALUES is a list or a range of dimension indices (starting from 1) to keep
 * in the suite, and
 * - "function_indices: VALUES", where VALUES is a list or a range of function indices (starting from 1) to keep
 * in the suite, and
 * - "instance_indices: VALUES", where VALUES is a list or a range of instance indices (starting from 1) to keep
 * in the suite.
 *
 * @return The constructed suite object.
 */
coco_suite_t *coco_suite(const char *suite_name, const char *suite_instance, const char *suite_options) {

  coco_suite_t *suite;
  size_t *instances;
  char *option_string = NULL;
  char *ptr;
  size_t *indices = NULL;
  size_t *dimensions = NULL;
  long dim_found, dim_idx_found;
  int parce_dim = 1, parce_dim_idx = 1;

  coco_option_keys_t *known_option_keys, *given_option_keys, *redundant_option_keys;

  /* Sets the valid keys for suite options and suite instance */
  const char *known_keys_o[] = { "dimensions", "dimension_indices", "function_indices", "instance_indices" };
  const char *known_keys_i[] = { "year", "instances" };

  /* Initialize the suite */
  suite = coco_suite_intialize(suite_name);

  /* Set the instance */
  if ((!suite_instance) || (strlen(suite_instance) == 0))
    instances = coco_suite_get_instance_indices(suite, suite->default_instances);
  else {
    instances = coco_suite_get_instance_indices(suite, suite_instance);

    if (!instances) {
      /* Something wrong in the suite_instance string, use default instead */
      instances = coco_suite_get_instance_indices(suite, suite->default_instances);
    }

    /* Check for redundant option keys for suite instance */
    known_option_keys = coco_option_keys_allocate(sizeof(known_keys_i) / sizeof(char *), known_keys_i);
    given_option_keys = coco_option_keys(suite_instance);

    if (given_option_keys) {
      redundant_option_keys = coco_option_keys_get_redundant(known_option_keys, given_option_keys);

      if ((redundant_option_keys != NULL) && (redundant_option_keys->count > 0)) {
        /* Warn the user that some of given options are being ignored and output the valid options */
        char *output_redundant = coco_option_keys_get_output_string(redundant_option_keys,
            "coco_suite(): Some keys in suite instance were ignored:\n");
        char *output_valid = coco_option_keys_get_output_string(known_option_keys,
            "Valid keys for suite instance are:\n");
        coco_warning("%s%s", output_redundant, output_valid);
        coco_free_memory(output_redundant);
        coco_free_memory(output_valid);
      }

      coco_option_keys_free(given_option_keys);
      coco_option_keys_free(redundant_option_keys);
    }
    coco_option_keys_free(known_option_keys);
  }
  coco_suite_set_instance(suite, instances);
  coco_free_memory(instances);

  /* Apply filter if any given by the suite_options */
  if ((suite_options) && (strlen(suite_options) > 0)) {
    option_string = coco_allocate_string(COCO_PATH_MAX);
    if (coco_options_read_values(suite_options, "function_indices", option_string) > 0) {
      indices = coco_string_parse_ranges(option_string, 1, suite->number_of_functions, "function_indices", COCO_MAX_INSTANCES);
      if (indices != NULL) {
        coco_suite_filter_indices(suite->functions, suite->number_of_functions, indices, "function_indices");
        coco_free_memory(indices);
      }
    }
    coco_free_memory(option_string);

    option_string = coco_allocate_string(COCO_PATH_MAX);
    if (coco_options_read_values(suite_options, "instance_indices", option_string) > 0) {
      indices = coco_string_parse_ranges(option_string, 1, suite->number_of_instances, "instance_indices", COCO_MAX_INSTANCES);
      if (indices != NULL) {
        coco_suite_filter_indices(suite->instances, suite->number_of_instances, indices, "instance_indices");
        coco_free_memory(indices);
      }
    }
    coco_free_memory(option_string);

    dim_found = coco_strfind(suite_options, "dimensions");
    dim_idx_found = coco_strfind(suite_options, "dimension_indices");

    if ((dim_found > 0) && (dim_idx_found > 0)) {
      if (dim_found < dim_idx_found) {
        parce_dim_idx = 0;
        coco_warning("coco_suite(): 'dimension_indices' suite option ignored because it follows 'dimensions'");
      }
      else {
        parce_dim = 0;
        coco_warning("coco_suite(): 'dimensions' suite option ignored because it follows 'dimension_indices'");
      }
    }

    option_string = coco_allocate_string(COCO_PATH_MAX);
    if ((dim_idx_found >= 0) && (parce_dim_idx == 1)
        && (coco_options_read_values(suite_options, "dimension_indices", option_string) > 0)) {
      indices = coco_string_parse_ranges(option_string, 1, suite->number_of_dimensions, "dimension_indices",
          COCO_MAX_INSTANCES);
      if (indices != NULL) {
        coco_suite_filter_indices(suite->dimensions, suite->number_of_dimensions, indices, "dimension_indices");
        coco_free_memory(indices);
      }
    }
    coco_free_memory(option_string);

    option_string = coco_allocate_string(COCO_PATH_MAX);
    if ((dim_found >= 0) && (parce_dim == 1)
        && (coco_options_read_values(suite_options, "dimensions", option_string) > 0)) {
      ptr = option_string;
      /* Check for disallowed characters */
      while (*ptr != '\0') {
        if ((*ptr != ',') && !isdigit((unsigned char )*ptr)) {
          coco_warning("coco_suite(): 'dimensions' suite option ignored because of disallowed characters");
          return NULL;
        } else
          ptr++;
      }
      dimensions = coco_string_parse_ranges(option_string, suite->dimensions[0],
          suite->dimensions[suite->number_of_dimensions - 1], "dimensions", COCO_MAX_INSTANCES);
      if (dimensions != NULL) {
        coco_suite_filter_dimensions(suite, dimensions);
        coco_free_memory(dimensions);
      }
    }
    coco_free_memory(option_string);

    /* Check for redundant option keys for suite options */
    known_option_keys = coco_option_keys_allocate(sizeof(known_keys_o) / sizeof(char *), known_keys_o);
    given_option_keys = coco_option_keys(suite_options);

    if (given_option_keys) {
      redundant_option_keys = coco_option_keys_get_redundant(known_option_keys, given_option_keys);

      if ((redundant_option_keys != NULL) && (redundant_option_keys->count > 0)) {
        /* Warn the user that some of given options are being ignored and output the valid options */
        char *output_redundant = coco_option_keys_get_output_string(redundant_option_keys,
            "coco_suite(): Some keys in suite options were ignored:\n");
        char *output_valid = coco_option_keys_get_output_string(known_option_keys,
            "Valid keys for suite options are:\n");
        coco_warning("%s%s", output_redundant, output_valid);
        coco_free_memory(output_redundant);
        coco_free_memory(output_valid);
      }

      coco_option_keys_free(given_option_keys);
      coco_option_keys_free(redundant_option_keys);
    }
    coco_option_keys_free(known_option_keys);

  }

  /* Check that there are enough dimensions, functions and instances left */
  if ((suite->number_of_dimensions < 1)
      || (suite->number_of_functions < 1)
      || (suite->number_of_instances < 1)) {
    coco_error("coco_suite(): the suite does not contain at least one dimension, function and instance");
    return NULL;
  }

  /* Set the starting values of the current indices in such a way, that when the instance_idx is incremented,
   * this results in a valid problem */
  coco_suite_is_next_function_found(suite);
  coco_suite_is_next_dimension_found(suite);

  return suite;
}

/**
 * Iterates through the suite first by instances, then by functions and finally by dimensions.
 * The instances/functions/dimensions that have been filtered out using the suite_options of the coco_suite
 * function are skipped. Outputs some information regarding the current place in the iteration. The returned
 * problem is wrapped with the observer. If the observer is NULL, the returned problem is unobserved.
 *
 * @param suite The given suite.
 * @param observer The observer used to wrap the problem. If NULL, the problem is returned unobserved.
 *
 * @returns The next problem of the suite or NULL if there is no next problem left.
 */
coco_problem_t *coco_suite_get_next_problem(coco_suite_t *suite, coco_observer_t *observer) {

  size_t function_idx;
  size_t dimension_idx;
  size_t instance_idx;
  coco_problem_t *problem;

  long previous_function_idx = suite->current_function_idx;
  long previous_dimension_idx = suite->current_dimension_idx;
  long previous_instance_idx = suite->current_instance_idx;

  /* Iterate through the suite by instances, then functions and lastly dimensions in search for the next
   * problem. Note that these functions set the values of suite fields current_instance_idx,
   * current_function_idx and current_dimension_idx. */
  if (!coco_suite_is_next_instance_found(suite)
      && !coco_suite_is_next_function_found(suite)
      && !coco_suite_is_next_dimension_found(suite)) {
    coco_info_partial("done\n");
    return NULL;
  }

  if (suite->current_problem) {
    coco_problem_free(suite->current_problem);
  }

  assert(suite->current_function_idx >= 0);
  assert(suite->current_dimension_idx >= 0);
  assert(suite->current_instance_idx >= 0);

  function_idx = (size_t) suite->current_function_idx;
  dimension_idx = (size_t) suite->current_dimension_idx;
  instance_idx = (size_t) suite->current_instance_idx;

  problem = coco_suite_get_problem_from_indices(suite, function_idx, dimension_idx, instance_idx);
  if (observer != NULL)
    problem = coco_problem_add_observer(problem, observer);
  suite->current_problem = problem;

  /* Output information regarding the current place in the iteration */
  if (coco_log_level >= COCO_INFO) {
    if (((long) dimension_idx != previous_dimension_idx) || (previous_instance_idx < 0)) {
      /* A new dimension started */
      char *time_string = coco_current_time_get_string();
      if (dimension_idx > 0)
        coco_info_partial("done\n");
      else
        coco_info_partial("\n");
      coco_info_partial("COCO INFO: %s, d=%lu, running: f%02lu", time_string, suite->dimensions[dimension_idx], suite->functions[function_idx]);
      coco_free_memory(time_string);
    }
    else if ((long) function_idx != previous_function_idx){
      /* A new function started */
      coco_info_partial("f%02lu", suite->functions[function_idx]);
    }
    /* One dot for each instance */
    coco_info_partial(".", suite->instances[instance_idx]);
  }

  return problem;
}

/* See coco.h for more information on encoding and decoding problem index */

/**
 * @param suite The suite.
 * @param function_idx Index of the function (starting with 0).
 * @param dimension_idx Index of the dimension (starting with 0).
 * @param instance_idx Index of the insatnce (starting with 0).
 *
 * @return The problem index in the suite computed from function_idx, dimension_idx and instance_idx.
 */
size_t coco_suite_encode_problem_index(const coco_suite_t *suite,
                                       const size_t function_idx,
                                       const size_t dimension_idx,
                                       const size_t instance_idx) {

  return instance_idx + (function_idx * suite->number_of_instances) +
      (dimension_idx * suite->number_of_instances * suite->number_of_functions);

}

/**
 * @param suite The suite.
 * @param problem_index Index of the problem in the suite (starting with 0).
 * @param function_idx Pointer to the index of the function, which is set by this function.
 * @param dimension_idx Pointer to the index of the dimension, which is set by this function.
 * @param instance_idx Pointer to the index of the instance, which is set by this function.
 */
void coco_suite_decode_problem_index(const coco_suite_t *suite,
                                     const size_t problem_index,
                                     size_t *function_idx,
                                     size_t *dimension_idx,
                                     size_t *instance_idx) {

  if (problem_index > (suite->number_of_instances * suite->number_of_functions * suite->number_of_dimensions) - 1) {
    coco_warning("coco_suite_decode_problem_index(): problem_index too large");
    function_idx = 0;
    instance_idx = 0;
    dimension_idx = 0;
    return;
  }

  *instance_idx = problem_index % suite->number_of_instances;
  *function_idx = (problem_index / suite->number_of_instances) % suite->number_of_functions;
  *dimension_idx = problem_index / (suite->number_of_instances * suite->number_of_functions);

}


text:
Music Voice
Distinguished Professor - Voice Performance, Music Performance
Vocal Studies
mailto:vchernov@schoolofmusic.ucla.edu
Internationally renowned Russian baritone Vladmir Chernov joined the Music Department faculty at UCLA In January 2006 as a Professor of Vocal Studies.
Vladimir Chernov was born in a small village near the city of Krasnodar in southern Russia. Although there was no established musical tradition in his family, music was an important part of family life. His grandmother had a beautiful soprano voice and sang often. Both parents played guitar and mandolin, and frequently brought the family together for evenings of music. He was aware from childhood that he had a special gift and dreamt of dedicating his life to vocal performance and theater. Everyday radio and gramophone played famous classical works, opera, operetta, folk songs, symphonies, ballet music which had a significant influence on young Mr. Chernov.
Mr. Chernov began his vocal training in 1974 with Mikhail Chugunov in Starvropol before being admitted to the Tchaikovsky Conservatory in Moscow. At the Conservatory, he studied with Gyorgi Selesnev and Gugo Tiz. Soon after graduating from the Tchaikovsky Conservatory, Mr. Chernov was accepted as a soloist at the Kirov Opera in St. Petersburg in 1981. Success in various competitions followed in the same year after his debut at the Kirov Opera. At the Glinka Vocal Competition in Moscow, he took second place and was given a Special Jury Prize for folk song. Over the next few years, Chernov achieved more notable success in other major international vocal competitions including: the International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow (1982) where he was awarded third place, Voci Verdiani in Busetto (1983) where he won the special Carlo Galeffi prize, and the Miriam Helin Vocal Competition in Helsinki where he was given first prize and the Tito Gobbi Award (1984). Throughout this time, Mr. Chernov studied with Giulietta Simionato at the prestigious Accademia della Scala di Milano.
As a soloist of Marinsky Opera house, his repertoire included Figaro in Il Barbiere di Siviglia, Malatesta in Don Pasquale, Shelkalov in Boris Gudonov, the title role in Eugene Onegin, Count Yeletsky in Pique Dame, and several other roles in contemporary works. His concert repertoire included art songs and cycles by Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninov, Borodin, Glinka, Arensky, Rubinstein, Balakeriv, and Dargomyrsky. He also frequently performed several oratorios and cantatas by J.S. Bach and works by Scarlatti, Gluck, Hayden, and Handel with organ throughout Europe and Russia. His devotion to German classical art songs was essential. He sang several cycles of Schubert such as Die Schoene Mullerin, several cycles by Gustav Mahler including Lieder eines Fahrenden Gesellen, Ruckert Lieder, Kinder toten Lieder. His collaboration with living Russian composers during this period, such as Georgy Sveredev, Valery Gavrilin, Petrov, and others was an extremely important part of his artistic growth. He is also known for his unique expression of the bel canto repertoire and has been hailed as one of the leading Verdi baritones in the world. Mr. Chernov's rich vocal tone, unmatched acting ability, and impeccable musicality are recognized and praised throughout the operatic world.
Several years later, Mr. Chernov met Tamara Denisova, a vocal technician and coach, in St. Petersburg, Russia. Tamara introduced him to essential basic principles of vocal technique and different approach to singing. The technical change allowed for more freedom in his voice, and thus more career opportunities.
From 1984 to1989 Mr. Chernov toured in Bulgaria with Ruslan Pravchev and Emil Chakerov, Czech Republic, Poland, Germany, Italy, and Finland. Mr. Chernov opened the 1987 season on a tour with the Kirov Opera in Covent Garden with performances of Eugene Onegin (title role), Pique Dame (Yeletsky), and Roberto Devereux (Roberto). Gaining international notoriety, he was invited to the United States to sing the role of Marcello in La Bohème (Boston) and Posa in Don Carlo (Los Angeles). Over the following years, Mr. Chernov debuted at houses worldwide including Glasgow (Don Carlo in La Forza del Destino), Covent Garden (Figaro in Il Barbiere di Sigivlia), Teatro dell'Opera di Roma (Miller in Luisa Miller), and Seattle (Andrei in War and Peace). He performed the role of Foscari in I Due Foscari at Carnegie Hall in 1991, and soon made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera as Miller in Luisa Miller. He then became a featured artist at the Metropolitan Opera, and performed in multiple productions of Don Carlo, Il Trovatore, Stiffelio, Simon Boccanegra, La Traviata, La Bohème, Il Barbiere di Siviglia, and various gala productions. Chernov's success at the Metropolitan Opera was followed by further successes at San Francisco Opera (Ezio in Attila), Vienna Staatsoper (Yeletsky in Pique Dame and Ford in Falstaff), Lyric Opera of Chicago (Renato in Un Ballo in Maschera), Paris (title role in Simon Boccanegra), Teatro alla Scala (Stankar inStiffelio). In 1988, he collaborated with Tarem Quartet, a Russian Folk instrumental group.
Mr. Chernov has also been featured in countless festivals, solo recitals, and galas. He has appeared in the Salzburg Festival, Munich Opera Festival and various houses including Deutsche Oper Berlin, Arena Verona, Opernhaus Zurich, Gran Teatre del Liceu, Sydney Opera House, Tokyo Opera, and Seoul. As a recital artist Vladimir Chernov has appeared at many of the world's leading venues including the Wigmore Hall in London, Lincoln Center in New York, Alice Tully Hall in New York, Vienna Konzerthaus, Los Angeles Dorothy Chandler Pavillion, Moscow Philharmonia, St. Petersburg Philharmonia, Finnish National Opera in Helsinki and many other cities. He sang several song cycles accompanied by Vladimir Yurovsky with various orchestras including the London Symphony. In addition, he performed and collaborated with Daniele Gatti. He also sang many performances under the baton of Maestros Claudio Abbado, Juri Timarkanov, Seiji Osava, James Levine, Zubin Meta, Valery Giergiev, Marcello Viotti, Fabio Luisi, Roberto Abbado, and Heinrich Heider.
Mr. Chernov began the 2005/2006 Season by adding three more roles to his repertoire. He performed concert versions of Herod in Herodiade, Dandini in La Cenerentola, and sang the title role in Nabucco. The same year, he sang and recorded a concert entitled "Pauline Viardot and Friends" with Marylin Horne as narrator at Wigmore Hall in London, in San Francisco, and Paris. The following years brought more international success with performances of La Traviata in Brussels, La Forza del Destino in Tokyo, Eugene Onegin in Spain, Madama Butterfly in Los Angeles, La Boheme in Spain, Il Signor Bruschino in Graz, and Don Giovanni in Spain. In Spain he sang in Bilbao, Oviedo, Santander, Pamplona, Salamanca, and Barcelona, and has sung in every major opera house in Italy and Germany. In France, he sang in Lyon, Marseilles, Nice, and Toulouse. In addition, Mr. Chernov was invited to Seoul to perform a solo recital at the Hyundai Music Center with Semion Skigin.
In 2010, Mr. Chernov performed the role of Giorgio in Los Angeles Opera's world premiere production of Daniel Catan's Il Postino. In the same year, he performed the role of Count Capulet in Gounod's Romeo et Juliette. His performance of Count Capulet was hailed as "a marvel" and "a standout performance." His solo recital tour continued when he performed a new composition entitled "Four Noctunes for Voice and String Quintet" by Ian Krouse. The following year he sang premier performances of "Duarate's Love Songs," described by their composer Roger Bourland as part of an "opera in progress" with librettist Mitchell Morris.
Vladimir Chernov has been an active member of various international competitions. In 2008, he was a member of the jury of the Jose Iturbi Competition in Los Angeles. He is also a permanent member and head of the international vocal competition in St. Petersburg, 300 Years of Classical Art Song. In 2011, he was an acting member on the jury of the Concours International Competition de Chant des Chateaux en Medoc in Bordeaux, France. In 2012, he was member of jury Nadezhda Obukhova Classical Voice Competition in Lipetsk. In October 2012, he was the head of the vocal jury for the Vissi d'Arte competition in Prague, Czech Republic.
More recently, Mr. Chernov has appeared in many concerts internationally. He sang with the Los Angeles Balalaika Orchestra in various venues over the past four years throughout Los Angeles including the Colburn School of Music, UCLA Schoenberg Hall, and in San Diego. He also gave several recitals with UCLA philharmonia. He gave several master-classes and recitals in Toulouse, Vols am Schlern, North Italy. He was part of the UCLA tour in Armenia where he performed works by Shostakovich and "Noctunes for Voice and String Quintet" by Ian Krouse. In June of 2013, Mr. Chernov performed a solo recital with Warren Jones and taught several private lessons and open masterclasses at the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara.
Mr. Chernov is currently a permanent professor at the UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music, and has students all over the world. Young singers are drawn a combination of his unique technical approach and his incredible musicality. As a teacher, he is constantly in the dynamic process of profound acknowledgement of important skills required for his young students.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Serving adults and adolescents in Sonoma County.
Are you curious what this whole mindfulness thing is all about? If you have ever wanted to learn more about mindfulness or meditation, this work is for you.
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My path to becoming a therapist was not linear, but here I am. I have respect for the process. In our work together, we will start where you are and we will honor your unique journey.
I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental atmosphere in therapy. I help my clients (you!) in discovering your personal roadblocks, gaining clarity on your values, defining what success means to you, and creating an exciting vision for your future.
The goal is to provide you with tools that you can take with you and have forever.
I currently wok with adults and adolescents, under the supervision of Christy Livingston, LMFT #53569.
Stress, anxiety and depression are all common in modern life. With the right tools, it's absolutely possible to overcome the ups and downs with more ease.
Together, we will get to the root of the issue and figure out what's needed to help you get un-stuck. You don't have to struggle any longer.
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We'll make a plan to achieve your goals.
My approach is fueled by the desire to blend both science and soul, Eastern and Western. I believe in re-wiring the brain using the wisdom of the body. Getting present is key. I utilize cutting-edge mindfulness practices in order to help my clients do this on a practical level.
Together, we can shift old habits and patterns, creating new ones that will truly support you in your life.
"I met Jenna in our Graduate program and am now happy to call her a friend. Being a counselor myself, I have her at the top of my referral list. She is one of the most authentic people I know, and she incredibly passionate about helping others. If she weren't my friend, I would hire her as my own counselor."
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Ask a question or book an appointment below. For emergencies call 911 or visit your nearest hospital.


Then this happened last week.
But even as a kid you can accomplish amazing, wonderful things — like meeting the subject of the portrait that fascinated her so much. That's right, Parker not only got to meet Obama, but she danced with her too. How many people can say that?
And if people thought Parker looking up at Michelle's big, beautiful portrait was moving, seeing them together IRL was next level.
And just when we thought it was absolute perfection, it somehow got even better.
Sigh. Oh, Michelle, we miss you so. Your husband as well, though that goes without saying.


text:
Patient Groups: Uphold Health Care Law As Congress Intended
Patient Groups Warn of Potential for Dire Consequences in Latest Affordable Care Act Case
Washington, D.C., June 14, 2018—Patient groups representing millions of Americans with pre-existing conditions filed an amicus curiae or friend of the court brief today in the U.S. District Court case, Texas v. United States, citing the devastating impact patients would face should the court side with plaintiffs and move to invalidate the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
The groups, which include the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, American Diabetes Association, American Heart Association, American Lung Association, and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, argue the law was intended to help patients and Congress's refusal to repeal the law without a replacement reinforces that intent.
Twenty states led by the Texas Attorney General (AG) filed a lawsuit challenging the health care law known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in federal court in Texas. The plaintiffs in Texas vs. U.S.A argue that because Congress repealed the individual mandate's tax penalty as part of tax reform legislation, the entire law is invalid and must now be struck down.
Following is the groups' joint statement:
"The critical patient protections in the health care law provide an essential lifeline for millions of Americans who suffer serious illnesses, like cancer, lung and heart disease, diabetes, neurological and chronic respiratory conditions. Their ability to access affordable, meaningful health insurance is critical to their health and wellbeing.
"Prior to the health care law, people who needed health insurance the most—older and sicker Americans—found it difficult or impossible to obtain affordable coverage. Denial for pre-existing conditions, outrageous premiums and inadequate benefit packages were often the only available options. Without access to comprehensive health coverage they could afford, patients were often forced to delay or forego necessary health care.
"Before the ACA more than half of heart patients reported difficulty paying for their care and of those patients more than 40 percent said they had delayed care or had not filled prescriptions. Uninsured patients with diabetes were six times as likely to forgo necessary medical care than those with coverage. Uninsured patients were less likely to be screened for cancer and more likely to be diagnosed with later stage disease which is harder to survive and more costly to treat.
"Since the law went into effect, uninsured rates have decreased more than six percent nationwide. This has improved patients' ability to prevent, detect and treat their disease. Because of the ACA, there is already a small but statistically significant shift toward early-stage diagnosis for colorectal, lung, breast and pancreatic cancer in states that have increased access to health care through Medicaid because of the law.
"The health care law, including the individual mandate, Medicaid expansion, tax credits and patient protections essential to chronically ill patients, was intended to increase the number of Americans with health care coverage. Congress's refusal to repeal the law without an acceptable replacement confirms Congress's intent. The courts should respect the will of Congress. Tossing out the law would clearly ignore the will of Congress at the expense of 27 million Americans losing their health care by 2020, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.
"We urge the court to uphold the law and recognize Congress's clear intent to improve access to life-saving health care for millions of Americans."
About ACS CAN
ACS CAN, the nonprofit, nonpartisan advocacy affiliate of the American Cancer Society, supports evidence-based policy and legislative solutions designed to eliminate cancer as a major health problem. ACS CAN works to encourage elected officials and candidates to make cancer a top national priority. ACS CAN gives ordinary people extraordinary power to fight cancer with the training and tools they need to make their voices heard. For more information, visit www.acscan.org.
About the American Diabetes Association
Nearly half of American adults have diabetes or prediabetes; more than 30 million adults and children have diabetes; and every 21 seconds, another individual is diagnosed with diabetes in the U.S. Founded in 1940, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) is the nation's leading voluntary health organization whose mission is to prevent and cure diabetes, and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes. The ADA drives discovery by funding research to treat, manage and prevent all types of diabetes, as well as to search for cures; raises voice to the urgency of the diabetes epidemic; and works to safeguard policies and programs that protect people with diabetes. In addition, the ADA supports people living with diabetes, those at risk of developing diabetes, and the health care professionals who serve them through information and programs that can improve health outcomes and quality of life. For more information, please call the ADA at 1-800-DIABETES (1-800-342-2383) or visit diabetes.org. Information from both of these sources is available in English and Spanish. Find us on Facebook (American Diabetes Association), Twitter (@AmDiabetesAssn) and Instagram (@AmDiabetesAssn)
About the American Heart Association
The American Heart Association is devoted to saving people from heart disease and stroke – the two leading causes of death in the world. We team with millions of volunteers to fund innovative research, fight for stronger public health policies and provide lifesaving tools and information to prevent and treat these diseases. The Dallas-based association is the nation's oldest and largest voluntary organization dedicated to fighting heart disease and stroke. To learn more or to get involved,
call 1-800-AHA-USA1, visit heart.org or call any of our offices around the country. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
About the American Lung Association
The American Lung Association is the leading organization working to save lives by improving lung health and preventing lung disease, through research, education and advocacy. The work of the American Lung Association is focused on four strategic imperatives: to defeat lung cancer; to improve the air we breathe; to reduce the burden of lung disease on individuals and their families; and to eliminate tobacco use and tobacco-related diseases. For more information about the American Lung Association, a holder of the Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Guide Seal, or to support the work it does, call 1-800-LUNGUSA (1-800-586-4872) or visit: Lung.org.
About the National Multiple Sclerosis Society
The Society mobilizes people and resources so that everyone affected by multiple sclerosis can live their best lives as we stop MS in its tracks, restore what has been lost and end MS forever. Last year alone, through our comprehensive nationwide network of services, the Society devoted more than $100 million to connect approximately one million people affected by MS to the connections, information and resources they need and invested $42 million to support more than 380 new and ongoing research projects around the world. We are united in our collective power to do something about MS now and end this disease forever. For more information about multiple sclerosis and the National MS Society go to nationalMSsociety.org or call 800-344-4867.
Michelle Kirkwood, American Diabetes Association, 703-299-2053, Mkirkwood@diabetes.org
Retha Sherrod, American Heart Association, 202-785-7929, Retha.Serrod@heart.org
American Heart Association Heart and Torch logo
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text:
Q: Laplace transform of partition function a general result or a mathematical result? In the following derivation I am trying to show that the function $Z_C(\beta)$ is obtained from the function $Z_M(E)$ by Laplace transform. Let,
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{Z_M}\frac{\partial Z_M}{\partial E}=\frac{\partial \ln Z_M}{\partial E}=\beta
\end{equation}
Then,
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial }{\partial E}(\ln Z_M-\beta E)=0
\end{equation}
Let the bracketed term equal $Z_C(\beta)$ be the Legendre transform relationship,
\begin{equation}
\ln Z_M-\beta E:=\ln Z_C
\end{equation}
Take the exponential and integrate over $E$ we get,
\begin{equation}
Z_C(\beta)=\int Z_M(E)e^{-\beta E}dE
\end{equation}
I have two questions, Firstly why integration over $E$ in the final step doesn't lead to,
\begin{equation}
\int Z_C(\beta)dE=\int Z_M(E)e^{-\beta E}dE
\end{equation}
Secondly, is there a general relationship between the Laplace transform of a function and the Legendre transform of the $\ln$ of that function or is this a property of physics rather than the mathematics?
There is also a related question here.

A: General Mathematical Result
If you can evaluate the Laplace transform via saddle point method you will get a Legendre transform from a Laplace Transformation.  This means the function your transforming should have a significant peak only at one point:
As you can see, the Laplace transformation doesn't necessarily get you a Legendre transformation in the exponential:
$\int f(x)e^{-xs}=\int e^{ln(f(x))-xs}$ here $s$ isn't guaranteed to be $\frac{d}{dx}ln(f(x))$ but if f(x) is peaked at one point you can apply the saddle point approximation. In the saddle point approximation you evaluate the integral at the point where the integrand is maximum:
$\frac{d}{dx}[ln(f(x))-xs]|_{x_0}=\frac{d}{dx}ln(f(x))|_{x_0}-s=0$ which implies $\frac{d}{dx}ln(f(x))|_{x_0}=s$
so the evaluation of that integral is $e^{ln(f(x_0))-x_0s}$ where $x_0$ and $s$ have the usual relationship for a Legendre transformation.

Aplication in physics
Of course in physics you want all your thermodynamic potentials to have the have minimum peaks(- sign in $Z=e^{-F\beta}$) so your system settles down into a single well defined state. In this way all the partition functions for the different ensembles can be found by Laplace transformation and you will get the corresponding Legendre transformed thermodynamic potential.
I suggest you read this article which demonstrates this result for the micro-canonical to canonical and gives a very good review of the Legendre transformation.  Then from there it is easy to go gibs or grand(which is really just gibs when you consider $\mu$ a force):
So starting from $Z = \int e^{-\beta H}$ you need to add energy from the force,$J$, you are constraining instead of its conjugate $x$: $H-> H' =H+Jx$.  Then since you are now constraining $J$ instead of $x$, $x$ now parametrizes your probability and you need to integrate over it to get the correct normalization($Z$).
so $Z->Z'=\int dx \int e^{-\beta(H+Jx)}=  \int dx e^{Jx}\int e^{-\beta(H)}=  \int dx e^{Jx}Z$
Thus you have your Laplace transform which by following the steps above will get you the desired Legendre transform of the Helmholtz free energy; the Gibs free energy.

A: The relationship between the Laplace and Legendre transforms is through the method of steepest descent, which is usually exact in the thermodynamic limit (since the configuration space typically goes with the system size as $C(N)\Omega_0(E)^N$). For finite $N$, the microcanonical entropy (density) is slightly different from the canonical entropy since it does not include fluctuations about the average energy. Here $\Omega_0(E)=e^{\log(S_M(E))}$ is the same as your $Z_M(E)$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Looks like supreme online has changed things up a bit since that.
You can no longer check for issues with the invalid card number trick mentioned in previous post.
You need a checkout delay of like 10 seconds (10000).
Users have reported reported successfully checking out by slightly changing the address. Changing email address may also help.
It probably still is about proxy ban but they have made it harder to check for proxy ghost bans. Time out during drop is hard ip ban.
Remember, the card declined error is just a generic message that supreme throws when one of the variables doesn't match what they expect. They show this generic message to not allow users to find the missing piece.
So as mentioned in previous blog post, it can be one of many things that produces this error. We as bot developers can only assure you that it has nothing to do with how BNB AIO handles checkout. We have a lot of users checking out successfully with the bot every single week.
Good luck for the next drop!


MADRID (AP) — Athletic Bilbao remained in the relegation zone of the Spanish league after being held at Alaves to 0-0 on Monday. Bilbao is in 18th place of the 20-team league and level on points with Villarreal, which is the last team in safety.
Bilbao generated the few scoring chances of the regional Basque Country derby, but goalkeeper Fernando Pacheco saved shots by Raul Garcia and Inigo Cordoba in each half. "We wanted to win, of course, but these types of physical, hard-fought matches are good to boost the team's morale," Bilbao defender Inigo Martinez said. "We have to keep our heads up."
Bilbao won its previous two matches under new coach Gaizka Garitano, who replaced the fired Eduardo Berizzo two weeks ago. Bilbao, which only has players from the northern Basque Country or neighboring areas, has never been relegated to the second division.


Valentine's Day is coming and you are yet to find the perfect gift for your sweetheart?
Don't panic, there's still plenty to choose from especially for women. If you're looking for something simple and sweet, something she could wear everyday and remind her of you, then you could never go wrong with giving your loved on a pair of earrings.
Yes, there are still a lot of things you have to consider, given her tastes or personality. Is she the confident type of girl who likes to dress up and have fun? Or is she the type who always looks put together when you go out or the type who likes to have simple things and values sentimentality than anything else?
You should also consider the state of your relationship, jewelleries as gifts are huge indicators of where you are in a relationship. You don't want to overwhelm your partner by splashing her with this over-the-top bejewelled, 3-carat diamond earring when you've only been dating for like a month. So you may want to go with something more simple and subdued but you could buy one in a heart-shape or in something red, just as a commemoration of the day.
You also have to consider whether or not you want to give her a more personalized type of earring where it's probably one of a kind or something in the shape or color that's significant to your partner, such as birthstones or favourite colors etc.
There are different types of earrings available in the market and there are types of earrings that matches specifically to certain types of faces, for different occasions, and evoke specific types of moods.
So there are three major types of earrings: the studs, hoop, and drop earrings or hanging earrings. The studs are the safest option you'll have if you don't have any knowledge on face types and matching them with specific earrings because studs go with every face type. Studs are classic earrings that goes straight through your earlobes, they may be set with different types of gemstones or a different types of metalwork design. There's a lot of movement for you here, you can choose a simple earring with a high-quality jewel as the center piece that says elegance, and it shows that the relationship is serious and you're willing to invest your resources towards making this girl happy. Or you could buy stud earrings with an intricate metalwork but no expensive gemstone or such that says we've been dating and I really like her so here's a gift with a design that has significant meaning for you. So, studs are very versatile and classy, that there's very little room for error.
Next, are the hoop earrings, they are circular earrings that connect in your earlobes. Hoops could just be a simple gold or silver band but it could also be thicker in size with little gemstones surrounding it, there are variations in the circumference as well. As a Valentine's Day gift, it is advisable to buy a hoop earring that's simple with little gems around. But it all depends on the tastes of your partner. Fashion analysts say that hoop earrings are best for square faces, the circular hoops help soften the face and not make it look too angular.
Lastly, the dangling earrings, basically these are the earrings that dangle from your ears. There are more types of dangling earrings than there are studs and hoops. Some dangling earrings are called chandeliers because like literal chandeliers, these earrings have several layers hanging from your ears. Chandelier earrings are best for special occasions or for night-outs in clubs. It also brings out the eyes, cheekbones, and jawlines of women with heart-shaped face. There are also drop earrings which are like studs – simple and elegant – only that they're hanging from your earlobe instead of attached. They say that it brings out the symmetry in a face. Like the studs, there are cheaper and more expensive variations of these earrings, and each could have different meanings depending on your partner and your relationship.
So this Valentine's Day, choose wisely and try as much as possible to harness what you know about your partner to be able to choose the perfect gift for her.


text:
Rebeca M. Lopez
Sarah K. Mueller
Godfrey & Kahn S.C.
Godfrey & Kahn Updates
Corporate & Business Organizations
As Local Mask Mandates Expire, How Should Employers Respond?
Following the May 13, 2021, and May 16, 2021, guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) relaxing mask requirements for fully vaccinated individuals outside of healthcare and select other settings, most state and local government mask mandates have been lifted or will soon be allowed to expire. As a result, many employers across the U.S. are exploring their options regarding their masking policy.
Recap of the CDC's guidance
The CDC's guidance states that fully vaccinated individuals "can resume activities without wearing a mask or staying 6 feet apart, except where required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules, and regulations, including local business and workplace guidance."
Essentially, this means that fully vaccinated individuals can leave their masks at home unless a state or local mask mandate or a business' policy says otherwise. The CDC also suggests fully vaccinated individuals with compromised immune systems ask their healthcare provider about continuing to wear a mask and/or social distance.
As for unvaccinated individuals, the CDC recommends continuing precautions, including wearing a mask and social distancing.
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE FULLY VACCINATED?
According to the CDC, individuals are considered fully vaccinated:
Two weeks after their second dose in a 2-dose vaccine series, such as the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines
Two weeks after a single-dose vaccine, such as Johnson & Johnson's Janssen vaccine
Also at the federal level, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which oversees workplace safety, directed employers to the new CDC guidance. However, employers should be aware that OSHA continues to consider an Emergency Temporary Standard which may include mask guidance and requirements.
Expiring local orders
State and local laws mandating masks continue to decrease in number and Wisconsin is following this trend. On March 31, 2021, the Wisconsin Supreme Court invalidated the statewide mask mandate. On June 1, 2021, the City of Milwaukee's mask ordinance will expire, and the City of Madison's and Dane County's joint mask requirement ends June 2, 2021.
Three common approaches to changing workplace mask policies
Considering recent changes in state and local mask mandates as well as mounting pressure from employees to make policy adjustments, many non-healthcare employers are changing their mask policies. Although there has been a spectrum of approaches, the following are three common ones:
1. WAIVING MASK REQUIREMENTS FOR FULLY VACCINATED EMPLOYEES
Many employers are sticking closely to the recent CDC guidance by retaining a mask requirement for employees who are not fully vaccinated and allowing fully vaccinated employees to forgo masks. A key decision point for employers when choosing this approach is whether to require proof of vaccination. Many employers are relying on the honor system as there are important legal considerations before asking employees about their vaccination status.
2. RETAINING MASK REQUIREMENTS REGARDLESS OF VACCINATION STATUS
Some employers are retaining mask requirements for all employees. Reasons for this may include: an inability to socially distance in the workplace, uncertainty regarding the potential OSHA standard or a local order requiring that masks remain in place.
3. ELIMINATING THE MASK REQUIREMENT ALTOGETHER
Some employers are eliminating mask requirements for all employees. Reasons for this approach may include: a fully vaccinated workforce, an outdoor work environment or the ability to socially distance during the entire workday with limited crossover. It is important to note that this approach carries the most risk for employers because the CDC still recommends masking in public spaces in certain instances, like being unvaccinated, and OSHA continues to consider an Emergency Temporary Standard.
Communicate any changes and be clear that unmasking is optional
Any changes to an employer's mask policy should be formally communicated to employees via the same methods used to convey general workplace guidance. Such policy changes should emphasize that unmasking, as allowed by the policy, is optional, thereby allowing individuals who wish to continue masking, for whatever reason, to do so.
Each approach comes with varying legal risks and benefits, depending upon the specific facts related to the workforce, industry and other variables. Employers considering changes to their mask policies should contact legal counsel to discuss these issues and update their COVID-19 safety plans to reflect any changes to their practices.
Copyright © 2023 Godfrey & Kahn S.C.National Law Review, Volume XI, Number 152
Rebeca Lόpez is an associate in the Labor, Employment & Immigration Practice Group in the Milwaukee office.
www.gklaw.com
Sarah Mueller is an attorney in the Labor, Employment & Immigration practice group. Sarah's practice focuses on advising clients on a wide variety of day-to-day employment matters, including administering federal and state family and medical leave laws, disability accommodations, and wage and hour matters.
Prior to joining Godfrey & Kahn, Sarah was a Judicial Intern for the Wisconsin Court of Appeals. While in law school, Sarah served as a Comment Editor for the Marquette Law Review. Sarah also served as a leader for Marquette University Law School's Academic Success Program...


To have come to the spiritual satanism have been the best election I've ever done. Hail Satan, hail all gods of duat.
I'd been adamant to answer this for my astrology is rusty and I do not like giving out incorrect or false information. However since you haven't been receiving any responses I might as well.
From my own personal knowledge and research in astrology the houses and the signs are two separate layers and are not in accordance to one another. So if your sun is transiting the same sign another planet is but is in a separate house, then it affects the current house that it is in even if that house isn't the same one another planet is in while transiting the same sign.


Plan of Attack is all about gameplay. Strategic gameplay. Players are faced with important decisions each round that affect themselves and their team. What objective to attack, planning your defense, acquiring money or experience, bankrupting the enemy team, choosing your skill class, and planning your path to victory.
Plan of Attack features realistic weapons in use by both American and foreign armies. In Plan of Attack you can play as either the American Alliance or as the Coalition Forces. Available to each side are 6 weapons that are unique to that team, as well as several shared weapons.
This page was last modified on 3 June 2009, at 17:16.


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Allium pseudowinklerianum är en amaryllisväxtart som beskrevs av Reinhard M. Fritsch och Furkat Orunbaevich Khassanov. Allium pseudowinklerianum ingår i släktet lökar, och familjen amaryllisväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

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pseudowinklerianum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Be certain that to interview any roofers that you simply're enthusiastic about. Focus on your needs and their qualifications. Fastidiously take note of their attitude. Professional contractors needs to be enthusiastic, happy with their work, and be prepared that will help you along with your undertaking. If you're confident that they're keen on your venture, ask them for vital statistics enterprise info as a way to make your closing resolution.
After a radical inspection and cleaning of the roof, it's crucial to patch and seal any drawback areas. Make sure that the climate report exhibits good weather, because sealing materials might take as much as two days to utterly treatment. A sealant or other coating ought to be utilized after the areas are cured. Before spending thousands of dollars on having your roof repairs by a contractor, see if you are able to do the fixes. While more difficult matters (equivalent to needing your complete roof replaced) require the assistance of a roofer, you are able to do less complicated issues on your own, like shingle repairs. You'll be able to head to the Web for step-by-step guides on simple fixes.
You probably have a leaking roof, however the roofing contractor you contacted cannot get there for a couple days, you may wish to strive a short lived repair. Get some heavy plastic materials and nail it up. While not excellent, it is going to provide a short lived answer for you. Try a contractor's work historical past before you think about hiring them. Confirm these references by personally calling past purchasers so you may determine the standard of their work. As well as, if your contractor has current purchasers, drive by the shoppers' homes as a way to take a look at the contractor's work firsthand.
Be leery of anybody who randomly knocks in your door, and presents to repair your leaky roof. Unscrupulous con-males will supply to do the work, and most occasions run with your cash, with out doing any of the work in any respect. When you need a roofing job executed, do your analysis and discover a roofing contractor which you could belief. The extra contact info you get in your roofing firm, the higher. Ask the project manager or foreman for not solely his contact data, but that of the corporate he works for. It is best to know his full title and who on the company you must communicate to if there's a downside.
If you happen to cannot discover out where your roof leak is coming from, don't despair.
Do not ask your roofer to work in your gutters. This is not their space of experience and they're prone to mess up. Due to this fact, merely focus on having them do your roof, and if your gutters should be replaced consequently, discover someone to try this job that makes a speciality of it. Don't buy low cost roofing supplies. Shopping for sub-par supplies will lead to increased costs down the highway as a result of cheaper materials do not last as long and the work should be redone sooner, slightly than later.
Use the NRCA, or National Roofing Contractors Affiliation to find a local roofing firm. Go to their website and enter your tackle to begin looking native firms. The NRCA has worksheets to help making a decision. This worksheet contains things like years of coaching underneath a selected firm, years of expertise, lawsuits towards the company, etc. It additionally confirms whether they have correct local licenses, insurance coverage, offered warranties, and material details.
Determine in the event you're going to be able to hire a roofer that's going to offer you upkeep yearly. Whatever the skills of your roofer, you're more likely to have some points, especially in case your native space has extreme temperatures. Checking your roof yearly can assist your roof to look good. In case you stay in a snowy local weather, you'll be clever to watch out when removing snow out of your roof. Be sure to don't harm the floor when shoveling snow away. For optimum safety, attempt utilizing a gentle bristled floor broom to remove the final bit of snow as an alternative of utilizing a shovel.
When putting in a new boot on any pipes which go away your roof, make certain they match as snug as a bug in a rug. If they're even barely loose, water can seep inside them, inflicting you a headache you don't want. Choose the fitting measurement to spare your self from problems down the highway. As was mentioned to start with of the article, roofing is a subject that many homeowners could be clever to educate themselves in. Ensuring that your roof is in good condition will not only maintain you from having to make costly repairs in the future, however it is important to protect you, your loved ones and your home. You'll be glad you probably did.
It is best to always assess the state of affairs completely before you start any roofing restore job. By no means attempt to repair a roof when it's raining, snowing, or conditions are icy.


text:
Q: How can i run two processes such that we have 'n' iterations in both processes and iterations run alternately We have two processes A and B both having 'n' iterations. Lets assume ith iteration in process A is Ai and in process B is Bi. So iterations should run in the following manner:
A1 B1 A2 B2 and so on.
Now in each iteration every process takes an input and writes output to a file which acts as an input for next iteration of other process.


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Films Quotes
Top 10 Films Quotes
I always knew I wanted to be in films but didn't want anyone to taunt my parents. So I excelled in studies. I was a topper in school and college, so when I decided to become a model, people said, 'Oh your daughter is modeling,' so at least my parents could say, 'Yeah but she also came first in class.'
Daughter Parents People School
Yes I have made a lot of money and I have a lot of respect, my films have done well, and I know there are loads of loads of people who look up to me and really love me. I really just thought this is like a strange dream. I have never thought this is a success - I don't have a standard.
Love Success Me People
Science fiction films are not about science. They are about disaster, which is one of the oldest subjects of art.
Science Art Disaster About
In India, the films are not looked upon just as entertainment. They're a way of life.
Life Way India Entertainment
Films don't decide my whole life. They are just a part of who I am. What I do in my personal life should be of no concern to the filmmakers or the fans.
Life I Am Fans Personal
I live in Leeds, which is about 200 miles north of London, and I get to go and do all the 'Harry Potter' stuff and make great films and be part of this wonderful thing all around the world, and then I get to go home and chill out with my friends in Leeds and go watch the football and go to the pub.
Home Chill Football Great
To join or not to join films was the biggest choice I had to make. I'd done two years of biogenetic engineering, was an economics graduate and a gold medalist. I had also been a Bharatanatyam dancer from age five, always won the best actress award in school. Finally, I decided to do things for my soul, chose to act.
Best Age My Soul Soul
When I was a kid, there was no collaboration; it's you with a camera bossing your friends around. But as an adult, filmmaking is all about appreciating the talents of the people you surround yourself with and knowing you could never have made any of these films by yourself.
Yourself You People Friends
I have had unsuccessful films, but I learned a lot from those films. I give my failures as much importance as my success.
Success Unsuccessful Give Those
I don't watch a great deal of television because I don't have a television, and I don't have a huge catalog of films that I've watched, either.
Great Television Watch Because
I think that short films often contain an originality, a creative freedom, an energy and an invention that is inspiring and entertaining. I think they are, as Shakespeare put it, a good deed in a naughty world.
Good Freedom World Creative
I'm excited that 'The Good Guy' is getting distribution because indie movies they're not - people ran out of money and they're not making these movies anymore. It's all superhero movies or real obvious tent pole studio films.
Good People Money Real
Our films are changing so people across the world can see them - when 'Highway' premiered at the Berlin Film Festival, a Polish lady said to me, 'It has a strong message for women.' So it's good to know our films are connecting universally.
Good Me Women People
Inspiration comes from so many sources. Music, other fiction, the non-fiction I read, TV shows, films, news reports, people I know, stories I hear, misheard words or lyrics, dreams... Motivation? The memory of the rush I get from a really good writing session - even on a bad day, I know I'll find that again if I keep going.
Good Dreams Day Music
If I give five flops, I won't get a job. You have to perform at the box office when you are at the top. No one is running a charity here. People are putting huge amounts of money to make movies, and they want the films to be successful. They have invested money in you, so it is your duty to make sure the film does well.
You People Money Job
I don't plan or schedule my career thinking first I will play a common man, then a police officer, then a superhero. I love good scripts, and I don't care if I play the main part in it or not. I want to be a part of good films. That's my dream... 'Jacobinte Swargarajyam' was that film for me.
Nivin Pauly
Love Good Me Man
I am definitely interested in doing films in Bollywood. And not only in Hindi - I am open to working anywhere in the country, even if it is Punjabi.
Prabhas
I Am Doing Country Only
Competitive feeling means you want do do good work. You can't lie about wanting to be on top. There is no reason for me to be insecure at this time. I would be insecure if I was sitting at home doing nothing, but I am in films now, and that's where I always wanted to be.
Work Good Me I Am
Apoorva Raagangal,' 'Moondru Mudichu,' 'Avargal' - these were all my guru K. Balachander's films; I became a hero with these three films.
Guru Hero Three Were
Different people in different parts of the world can be thinking the same thoughts at the same time. It's an obsession of mine: that different people in different places are thinking the same thing but for different reasons. I try to make films which connect people.
Thoughts Time People World
I have been told that... time doesn't flow in a straight line in my films. It goes round in a circle. Sometimes people comment that the films remind them of Ozu. Maybe that's right. But in Japan, nobody comments on how time passes in my films. So perhaps that is a different way of thinking.
Hirokazu Kore-eda
Time People Thinking Nobody
I don't come from a film background. I haven't learned anything about films or film-making. But I have a thirst to know everything about my profession. I want to learn about cinematography, about editing, about music recordings, about post-production. So when people in the know talk, I willingly listen.
Music People Editing Know
At the end, it's your movie and your performance that stands out. So if I am a good actor, and if am being part of good entertaining engaging films, audiences will like me.
Good Me I Am Your
We have spent so many years looking at images of another beauty ideal and so many years taking in magazine covers and films that represent a beauty standard that we'll never meet. People don't realize that there are makeup artists and hairstylists behind the scenes - even in something as simple as a 'candid' Instagram photo.
Philomena Kwao
Beauty Simple People Looking
My films are like clouds: their meaning keeps changing every minute.
Clouds Meaning Like Every
I really want to do more mature, artistic, twisted, edgy films. That is my goal.
Lucas Grabeel
Mature Edgy More Want


The Beautiful Butterflies Stitched framed print is unique and fun. Vibrant, stitched detailing is offset against a dramatic black backdrop, and encased in a stunning metallic rose gold frame. This piece pairs perfectly with the Folk Floral Stitched Framed Print.


This 3-star hotel in Kassel's Old Town offers a 1950s design, soundproofed rooms, and a free fitness room. The Kassel town hall and Rathaus tram stop are 50 metres away. All of the spacious rooms at the Grand City Hotel Hessenland Kassel Zentrum feature cable TV, a work desk, and Wi-Fi via hotspot. A free bottle of mineral water is provided every day. Varied breakfast buffets are prepared at the Grand City Kassel in the mornings. Guests are welcome to relax in the bar throughout the day. Attractions near the Hotel Hessenland Kassel include the Museum of the Brothers Grimm, only a 2-minute walk away. Schloss Wilhelmshöhe palace is less than 10 minutes away by car. Public parking is available near the Hotel Kassel Zentrum.


Quality bird seed, suet and live food for feeding and attracting wild birds to your yard. Premium wild bird seed, seed mixes and blends, no-melt suet cakes, seed and nut cakes, suet balls, suet dough, suet plugs, suet nuggets, edible bird feeders, live mealworms, dried mealworms and more. Providing the essential 100% all natural ingredients wild birds love.


Most of us have many social networks that we try and keep up to date but it is getting harder and harder every day with so many networks. WildFire! allows you to update multiple communities in one go. You can add all of your networks in the WildFire application and select which ones to send an update to. You can group them, sort by type, and even view your Twitter lifestream from the WildFire interface.
WildFire is a Lotus Notes 8.5 Sidebar application to update status's across a wide range of social networks including Sametime, Lotus Connections, Facebook, GTalk, PingFm, Plurk, Tumblr, Twitter, Wordpress and more.
You can also have mulitple of each network type.
WildFire was developed by ISW who is an Australian IBM Premier Partner. You can learn more about ISW at http://www.isw.com.au/wildfire.
A video overview of WildFire is available here.
Download and start using WildFire here.


text:
Sports Notebook
Star-Bulletin staff
LPGA FIELDS OPEN
Pressure puts away Pressel
» South Korean sweep
By Paul Arnett
parnett@starbulletin.com
If anybody thinks Morgan Pressel doesn't take this game seriously, they weren't standing by her at the scorer's tent yesterday after her final-round 71 left her five shots behind Michelle Wie in their personal match-play pairing at yesterday's Fields Open in Hawaii.
Pressel tried her hardest to hold back the tears after she finished bogey-bogey, but they wouldn't listen as she cried steadily for 15 minutes. It was clear she wanted to give Wie a go. Unfortunately for her, the golf gods didn't shine down upon her as she wound up in a tie for 11th.
"I don't know what I can take from this," Pressel said of playing in front of one of the largest galleries of her young career. "It might be something to forget. You want to remember all the positives and this final day certainly wasn't one of them."
She and Wie began the final round tied for ninth, six strokes off the pace set by South Korean rookie Seon Hwa Lee, who lost to Meena Lee in a three-hole playoff. She had a hint on Friday that this might not be her week as her iron play let her down. But yesterday, her normally reliable putting stroke left the course early on.
"On Friday, my iron play was pretty poor," Pressel said. "My driving was good, but today everything just bottomed out. Like, I don't know why I putted that line at 17 and let it get away from me. If I birdie 17 and 18, it looked like it would be right in there. I guess that's what I had in mind, but I shouldn't have hit my shots so hard. I don't know."
Pressel played the front nine in 2 under thanks to her second birdie of the day at the par-5 fifth, but would have to wait another eight holes before birdieing again. She had a 15-footer for eagle at the par-5 13th that slipped by, leaving a tap-in birdie to go to 10 under to trail Wie by only one after she bogeyed the hole.
Wie got it back with a birdie at the par-5 14th as Pressel parred. Wie picked up another birdie at the 17th to go to 13 under as Pressel bogeyed to fall to 9. It was all academic after that.
"Yeah, it was great playing with her," Wie said. "She's a nice girl. She played great. She struggled there at the end, but she's a very talented player who will play well this year."
DENNIS ODA / DODA@STARBULLETIN.COM
Morgan Pressel shot a final-round 71 yesterday and finished tied for 11th, five shots behind playing partner Michelle Wie.
Pressel had a solid two-week stay in Hawaii. She managed a tie for fifth last week at the SBS Open and a tie for 11th yesterday to earn a little more than $50,000 total, but she didn't see it that way.
"I mean, it was a good start, but still very disappointed, still not happy," Pressel said. "Hopefully, I can do better the rest of the season. It was fun (playing with Michelle). We had a great time. She played really well. I've got to hand it to her, she really putted well today and it looked like she could close it out.
"The galleries were fun. They were obviously pulling for her. They were very nice. I like playing in front of people, I just didn't have it today. There were definitely some people out there cheering. I just didn't give them much to cheer about. Sorry, but it's terribly disappointing."
Creamer makes a run: If Paula Creamer is interested in becoming the top player in the world, she needs to play better than she did the past two weeks in Hawaii. At last week's SBS Open at Turtle Bay, Creamer finished in a tie for 13th.
She began yesterday's final round in a tie for 37th, but a closing 67 shot her up 26 spots to a tie for 11th with eight other golfers, including Pressel and 2005 Women's British Open champion Jeong Jang.
Now, whether it's enough to hold off Wie for the No. 2 spot in the world remains to be seen. Wie needed only 15 points to pass Creamer. Her third-place finish might be just enough to put Wie into the lead. The list comes out Tuesday. Stay tuned.
Inside the numbers: Yesterday's scoring average of 71.795 was the highest of the week, which was unusual since there were only 73 golfers in the field as opposed to the 132 who teed it up on Thursday. Friday's 71.400 was the lowest for the week.
There were only 18 golfers who shot in the 60s compared to 33 on Friday. The hardest hole for the week was the par-4 18th with a weekly scoring average of 4.270. Yesterday the golfers averaged 4.356 at the picturesque closing hole with nine birdies, 41 pars, 13 bogeys, nine double bogeys and one quadruple bogey by Karen Stupples.
Stupples had back-to-back bogeys on the two holes prior to posting the dreaded snowman. Those six shots cost her nearly $14,000. The easiest hole for the week was the par-5 14th with a scoring average of 4.620. Yesterday, the golfers averaged 4.548 shots at that hole with 36 birdies, 34 pars and only three bogeys.
E-mail to Sports


text:
Shopaholic to the Stars by Sophie Kinsella (audio)
September 1, 2015 by Serena
Source: Public Library
Audiobook, 12.5 hours
I am an Amazon Affiliate
Shopaholic to the Stars by Sophie Kinsella, narrated by Clare Corbett, is a fun romp with Becky Brandon (nee Bloomwood) in the Hollywood hills as her husband, Luke, takes a temporary marketing position with actress Sage Seymour. Becky is thrilled with the idea of being in Los Angeles, and she suddenly envisions a life of red carpet affairs, movie premiers, and becoming a stylist to the stars. Becky, Luke, and Minnie are swept up into all things Hollywood, but Luke, naturally, remains the most level-headed. Despite Becky's over-shopping issues, which manifest in pre-purchases for stars she either has barely met or never even had any contact with, she's managed to make some connections and be set on the path of her dreams.
Things get a bit complicated when there is a very public mix-up that fuels and ongoing feud between Sage and her movie-star rival, Lois Kellerton. However, any potential character arc with Becky has ceased, at least so it seems in this book, and readers are likely to see her return to her old, selfish ways that often got her into too much trouble and places where her own rationalizations sound feeble even to her. Although she now realizes, at least some of the time, that her rationalizations for purchases and bad behavior are just that, she continues on a path that while amusing, is devastating to those around her, even without her meaning it to be. She even finds herself wrapped up so tightly in Hollywood's machinations that she doesn't think to herself that she should just walk away.
Becky's head used to be easily turned by the prettiest bobble or the latest fashion, but in this one, her head is turned by attention, as if her husband and daughter do not dote on her constantly. Her ego is larger than the series at this point, and while readers may want to see what happens after the end of this really open-ended book, they may not want to read more of the same character. Shopaholic to the Stars by Sophie Kinsella, narrated by Clare Corbett, was fun to listen to and Kinsella is definitely a talent when it comes to writing quips, comebacks, and witty dialogue, but by the seventh book in the series, we want more depth from Becky Bloomwood. While an entertaining way to spend the afternoon, the series has become a bit stale.
Madeleine Wickham is a bestselling British author under her pseudonym, Sophie Kinsella. Educated at New College, Oxford, she worked as a financial journalist before turning to fiction. She is best known for writing a popular series of chick-lit novels. The Shopaholic novels series focuses on the misadventures of Becky Bloomwood, a financial journalist who cannot manage her own finances. The books follows her life from when her credit card debt first become overwhelming ("The Secret Dreamworld of a Shopaholic") to the latest book on being married and having a child ("Shopaholic & Baby"). Throughout the entire series, her obsession with shopping and the complications that imparts on her life are central themes.
Filed Under: audiobooks, borrowed copy, chicklit, fiction, Publishers/Publicists, random house, Read in 2015, reviews Tagged With: audio, Shopaholic to the Stars, sophie kinsella


In this study time-dependent and spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein field equations in an anisotropic background with a purely radial tension are presented. There exist three classes of solutions,1) An open spacetime with a wormhole at its center. 2) A conical spacetime. 3) A closed spacetime. These inhomogeneous solutions are reduced to FRW spacetimes in matter-dominated era, asymptotically. Therefore, they can be used to describe local inhomogeneities that are not considered in the standard model. For the wormhole solution. it is explicity shown that the considered matter is non-exotic, that is, it does not violate the energy conditions. Also, static solutions are studied. There is only one static solution,a conical spacetime. In this case, the matter satisfies the energy condition critically.


"Rude workers, wasn't even allowed to put my empty cup in the bin.. expensive clothing bad quality "
"I have shopped there for at least 10 years and have seen lots of changes (and managers) and always recommended to everybody to shop there. Unfortunately it has lost it's way..clothing has doubled for poor quality used clothes....$35 for men's jeans,$12 for used cardigan with pilling....are you kidding me....I have spent a fortune over the years at this shop and it's always been a favourite...it's off the top of the list ."
"Very overpriced! Typical for alot of the Salvos shops. This one seems to be particularly pricey and perhaps the managers who decide on the value of items need to take a trip to the magill Rd antique shops, I think they'll find the same items cheaper. Salvos are into spending huge money on advertising telling us that they have to spend big $$ on dumping fees but I've often seen them "sorting" & throwing so many perfectly good items out! So Salvos...who should cover the dumping costs?? Salvos...it's all about the profit!! "
"Fantastic slavos in a rich suburb, hav got sportsgilr, gripp and witchery jeans there for $5 each all in fantastic condition"


A healthy balanced diet is recommended throughout life and pregnancy is no exception. Not only are you eating to provide yourself with essential nutrients, but also your growing baby, too. But what types of foods should you be eating?
Plenty of starchy foods, such as rice, potatoes, pasta and bread, particularly wholegrain varieties.
Five different portions of fruit and vegetables each day. They can be fresh, frozen, dried or tinned and one glass of fruit juice a day counts as one portion.
Dairy foods containing calcium, such as cheese, milk and yogurt.
Protein-rich foods, such as meat, fish, pulses and eggs. It's good to aim for at least two portions of fish per week, including oily fish and all these foods are good sources of iron too, which can help during pregnancy.
Plenty of foods high in fibre, such as wholegrain bread, pulses, fruits, vegetables and rice.
Minimal amounts of fatty and sugary foods, such as cakes, pastry and biscuits. It's good for health in general not to eat too many of them, but can also help you avoid putting on too much weight during the course of your pregnancy.
When you're pregnant, you need to ensure your growing baby gets a good supply of all the essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals. As part of a balanced and healthy diet, make sure you eat plenty of foods rich in iron, folic acid and calcium, as all are crucial for your unborn baby.
Iron is primarily found in red meat, pulses, bread, fortified cereals and green vegetables. It's good to have iron, as pregnant women can often become deficient in it and some women need iron supplements.
Folic Acid is found in fortified bread and cereals, brown rice and green vegetables. Having a good supply can reduce the risk of your baby developing neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. Although it's good to eat foods rich in folic acid, you should also take a daily dose of 400mcg of folic acid throughout pregnancy and when you're trying to conceive.
Calcium is mainly found in dairy products such as cheese, milk and yogurt and both full-fat and low-fat versions. As well as calcium, dairy foods also contain other vital nutrients, like vitamin D, vitamin B and zinc, which are needed for a healthy diet.
As well as advice on the best food to eat during pregnancy, there is also guidance on those things that you should avoid. To find out more, read our article Which Foods Are Not Safe in Pregnancy?.


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Brad Pitt to Have Jesus Killed?
Pitt's considering the title role in Pontius Pilate.
by Amos Barshad on January 8, 2013
According to Deadline, Brad Pitt is considering taking on the title role in Warner Bros.' Pontius Pilate. Which means he'll be playing the fellow who, reluctantly or otherwise (considering your source), sentenced Jesus to death. Things sure are gonna be awkward at Mel Gibson's annual potato sack race this year!
The movie was written by Vera Blasi, the screenwriter behind 2000's Woman on Top and the upcoming Emperor, a WWII drama starring Tommy Lee Jones as General MacArthur and Matthew Fox as a Japanese expert advising MacArthur on what to do with the war-crimes-accused Emperor of Japan. Which means Blasi is versed in the genre of men singularly tasked with making decisions that will reverberate through history.
Deadline reports that the movie follows Pilate as he's knocked off the political fast track and is "instead assigned by Tiberius to become the prefect of Judea, at a time when Jerusalem was a cauldron of religious tensions between various factions of the Jewish faith … Rather than a straight-ahead Biblical film, Blasi's script reads almost like a Biblical era Twilight Zone episode in which a proud, capable Roman soldier gets in way over his head. His arrogance and inability to grasp the devoutness of the citizenry and its hatred for the Roman occupiers and their pagan gods lead him to make catastrophic decisions. All of this puts him in a desperate situation and in need of public approval when he is asked to decide the fate of a 33-year-old rabbi accused by religious elders of claiming he is King of the Jews." SPOILER ALERT: The King of the Jews gets the chop.
Presumably, Blasi, along with whatever director ends up coming on board, will attempt to make a movie that explores the intense pressure Pilate operated under while deciding just who this Nazareth fellow was, neither vilifying him nor pardoning him for his decision. But, even when attempting a full-fledged humanistic approach, it's still a crazy bold move to try to pull off Pontius Pilate. If Brad Pitt does sign on, is he thinking, "I trust in the caliber of the filmmaking team, and I'm inspired by the ambition of the project"? Or is he thinking, "Come on, dudes. I'm Brad f—ing Pitt. I can do whatever the f–k I want"?