CHICAGO/LONDON (Reuters) - With toilet roll and tissues swept up in an escalating international trade row, it's not just Procter & Gamble's (PG.N) Charmin that's going to get the squeeze.
Higher prices in the wake of possible tariffs would exacerbate what is already mounting pressure on consumer product company profits from soaring costs from pulp, a main ingredient in tissues, diapers and sanitary towels.
P&G, the purveyor of Charmin toilet paper, Bounty towels and Puffs tissues, said on Tuesday that it had recently begun notifying retailers of a 5-percent average price increase on all three brands. The company said it had also started rolling out an average 4-percent price increase on Pampers diapers in North America.
Kimberly-Clark (KMB.N) raised prices on Kleenex and other tissue products around the world by 2 percent in the most recent quarter, while cutting its full-year profit forecast.
The price of hardwood pulp, an ingredient in tissues and toilet paper, has surged by about 60 percent since late 2016, according to the Pulp and Paper Products Council, which tracks prices based on global customs data. The price of softwood pulp, used in diapers and sanitary pads, jumped by 21 percent during that period.
"They have to raise prices – if you're paying 21 percent more for softwood pulp and 60 more for hardwood, you have to pass that price on to someone or you're just not going to be able to stay in business," said Arnaud Franco, senior analyst at the council.
Demand from China, the world's biggest and fastest-growing consumer of pulp, is at the heart of the global shortfall. Pulp prices were at an all-time low in 2016, weakened by China's slowing economy. A pick-up in economic momentum in 2017 spurred higher demand for hard and softwood pulp, which the market could not meet due to a few large mills closing unexpectedly.
Additionally, in an effort to shed its role as the main recycler of the world's waste, China only imported 7.1 million tons of waste paper in the first half of 2018, down 52 percent from last year. Its ban on imported, unsorted mixed recycled paper came into effect December 31, leaving the Chinese in sudden need of large quantities of recovered pulp, used in packaging.
Trade battles are further complicating matters. Canada levied tariffs on $575 million worth of U.S. tissue, toilet paper and paper towel exports earlier this year as part of its trade dispute with the United States.
Industry executives worry that tariffs from China could be next on the horizon, if the United States goes through with a threat to tax a further $200 billion of Chinese imports.
If China reacted in kind, and placed tariffs on a similar amount of U.S. imports, that would cover about $2.4 billion worth of U.S. paper and pulp exports to China, said Jake Handelsman, senior director of international trade at the American Forest & Paper Association.
Not only is pulp a core component in consumer products such as paper towels, but many companies also use packaging made with it. As costs to produce and ship paper goods climb, consumers may have to pay more for everyday items such as tissue or sanitary napkins.
U.S. shoppers have already been spending more this year for many of these products, according to Nielsen data, analyzed by investment management firm Bernstein.
Ultimately, the price shoppers pay is up to retailers - which balance prices across a range of products - and may not always reflect costs passed along by the manufacturer. Retailers may hike prices for paper towels, for instance, to avoid raising them on diapers.
Similarly, retail prices for Bounty paper towels began rising about six months ago, though retail prices for Puffs tissues have mostly fallen or been flat since the start of the year. P&G declined to comment on the Nielsen data.
"Pulp is pervasive. When pulp moves, it's the proverbial golf ball through the garden hose that ripples through the industry's entire cost structure," AlixPartners consumer products consultant David Garfield said.
At Sweden's Essity, pulp accounted for 25 percent of its costs in consumer tissue, which relies almost solely on virgin, not recycled, pulp for its softness, it said. The company said its year-on-year pulp costs jumped 35 percent and gobbled up nearly half of its consumer tissue unit's potential operating margin in the second quarter.


text:
A Speech by Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs David R. Stilwell
Bonnie Glaser: Good afternoon, everyone. I'm Bonnie Glaser. I'm director of the China Power Project here at CSIS. Thank you all for coming today.
We're privileged to have the Assistant Secretary of State, David Stilwell, to give a speech today. Assistant Secretary Stilwell assumed the post of the Assistant Secretary of State for the, of course, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs on June 20th of this year. I'm guessing it seems like a lot longer than that, but it's just about over six months. His position immediately prior to that was as director of the China Strategic Focus Group at U.S. Indo-Pacific Command in Hawaii.
Mr. Stilwell served in the Air Force for 35 years. We were just chatting about linguistic backgrounds. So he began as an enlisted Korean linguist, learning Korean when he was 18, and retired in 2015 with the rank of brigadier general. His last position as a military officer was Asia advisor to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs.
Assistant Secretary Stilwell served multiple tours of duty, as you know, in Japan and Korea as a linguist, as a fighter pilot and a commander. And he served as the defense attaché at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing from 2011 to 2013.
So given the growing complexity of the U.S.-China relationship, we definitely need to have a steady hand at the tiller at the Department of State, and we know we have that with Assistant Secretary Stilwell. Please join me in welcoming him.
David Stilwell: Good afternoon, and thanks for waiting a week. You know, things happen at the worst possible time.
It's great to be here. I've been – I think it's my third interaction with CSIS since I've gotten this job, in six months. That's a good pace, I think, to go.
The title of today's presentation is "U.S.-China Bilateral Relations and the Lessons of History." If I were to translate it into Chinese, it would be shi shi qiu shi, "seek truth through facts." The goal is to plow through a lot of misinformation and assumptions on both sides, and just sort of identify what has been a very productive interaction, you know, at least in one respect with the Chinese country, with the people, and with the government, and to clear the air – to help, you know, lay out the facts. In particular, I want to focus on a part of this history that's hugely important and yet often overlooked, namely the vast range of official U.S. contributions sustained over decades that have empowered the People's Republic of China and aiding in its development.
So why recount history? Well, I'm a historian. That's what I studied in school. My master's degree was in Chinese military modernization. That's going to come up later in this speech. And it's always good to take a pause and reflect.
So if we don't acknowledge this history, we can't claim to understand the current state of U.S.-China relations.
Second, the history is colorful and dramatic. It involves secret presidential directives, sensitive diplomacy, some of the most consequential economic and technological shifts the world has ever seen, and it's a very long history. Which means it's going to be a very long speech, and I'll apologize in advance, but I think you'll enjoy hearing the story.
But the most important aspect of this is that recounting this history refutes false claims of propagandists who claim that the Trump administration's competitive posture toward Beijing is motivated by some longstanding American animus or some desire to, in their words, quote, "keep China down." The fact is that for decades American policymakers have extended the hand of friendship to the PRC, and yet that has not been reciprocated. This historical record will show that clearly.
When commentators occasionally discuss how American policy has contributed to Chinese empowerment, they often focus on America's general role in sustaining a free and open Indo-Pacific, sea lanes, and all the rest. Their point is that, you know, like a more passive form, this international order provided by the
U.S. is what allowed China and others in the region to focus on economic growth and trade and the rest. That certainly is a large part of this story, but – and to create and preserve that international order required enormous U.S. expenditures of blood, treasure, and ideas – but there's more to that story.
China was not just the indirect beneficiary of all this; U.S. support for China's development was deliberate, direct, and specific. It took many forms. In short – we'll get to the details here – we provided military and intelligence assistance, we made generous technology transfers, we ensured preferential trade and investment access, we sponsored and arranged for vast educational exchanges – and we still do – and we provided development financing and organized government-to-government capacity building, and much more.
So before we get into details, I want to note that the primary drivers of China's strengthening were the Chinese people themselves. China's greatest achievements in recent decades reflect the intelligence, the talents, and the courageous and entrepreneurial spirit of the Chinese. Those traits fueled China's growth when the Chinese Communist Party finally loosened the disastrous stranglehold that it had placed on the people in the PRC's opening decades. Once Communist Party leaders recognized the failures of the Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, and the chaotic fight for succession following Mao's death, and they moved to liberalize China's system, the Chinese people were able to get to work. And the United States and others were enthusiastic about offering our help. But acknowledging the centrality of the Chinese people in this story shouldn't bind us to the important contributions – or shouldn't blind us to the important contributions of others, especially to the contributions of the United States.
Unfortunately, the PRC has acted in recent years with increasing hostility toward the United States, our interests, and our principles. This has prompted the American people and the current administration to reevaluate these policies. As Secretary Pompeo has said, "We accommodated and encouraged China's rise for decades, even when that rise was at the expense of American values, Western democracy, security, and good common sense." Unquote. So Beijing's hostile behavior was not inevitable. It was not justified, and it is, in fact, a choice by Chinese leaders. It is by no means what American officials desired or expected 40 years ago when they initiated this multifaceted U.S. policy of intense support for Beijing's modernization and its liberalization.
America's willingness to help China achieve its ambitions was clear to leader Deng Xiaoping even before he inaugurated the era of reform and opening at a Communist Party conference in December of 1978. Indeed, on the very day that he presented and opened this concept of reform and opening, he also accepted an invitation from the U.S. government that had been tendered prior to become the first PRC leader to visit the United States. By the next month the U.S. and China had announced normalization of their relations and Deng was on an airplane to Washington.
I mentioned this story in another speech earlier this month, but I'm going to repeat it just because it needs to be restated. On that flight to the U.S., as historian John Pomfret records, Deng's foreign minister asked Deng Xiaoping why he picked the United States for his first trip as leader. "Because," answered Deng, "America's allies are all rich and strong, and if China wants to be rich and strong it needs America." Sound logic.
For Deng, the engineer of China's modernization and prosperity, it was clear that America could be relied on to help. He was pushing longstanding PRC plans for the four modernizations – we know what those are – addressing science and technology, industry, agriculture, and defense. And the U.S. would help in all four areas, and then some. And this produced results.
So after the horrific privations caused by the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping intensely desired that Chinese students would study in the United States. I believe we have some here. When Deng received White House Science Advisor Frank Press in the runup to normalization, Deng insisted that Press call the president immediately with a request to accept 5,000 Chinese students. Awakened by that call at three in the morning, President Carter replied, tell him to send 100,000, and so he relayed that suggestion. By 1987, less than 10 years later, there were indeed 100,000 Chinese students studying in America, part of a boom in visas, scholarships, and other educational exchange that transformed science and technology in the PRC. And that process is still booming.
Technology was a key theme of Deng's 1979 first trip to the U.S., and he visited Ford Motor Company, Boeing, and NASA. He signed an agreement for U.S. aid to science in China and he agreed with the White House to establish a joint intelligence station in northwest China known as Operation Chestnut. It led to deeper military and intelligence cooperation.
Several months after Deng's trip Vice President Mondale visited China and he told Deng Xiaoping, we have insisted repeatedly – and I will state it again – we strongly believe in the importance of a strong China. Mondale showed it by previewing a major accommodation on trade policy and human rights: the United States would grant China most-favored-nation trading status, cutting tariffs on Chinese goods to the preferential level offered to friends and allies, even though Beijing did not meet the political and civil rights standards required for that status under U.S. law, kind of hoping. Creating this kind of exception for the PRC would become common U.S. practice.
The Carter administration also used America's leading position at the World Bank to clear the path for China's membership in 1980. Beijing began receiving World Bank loans the following year, and it has since received some $62 billion, making it the world's second-largest beneficiary of World Bank support.
After President Carter left office many U.S. foreign policies changed, but the approach to aiding China's modernization endured. It even intensified. The Reagan administration helped the PRC especially in the military and technology domains. In 1981 President Reagan issued National Security Decision Directive – NSDD – 11, opening the path to sell the Chinese air, ground, naval, and missile technology. This built on Carter's 1980 authorization of the sale of PRC of nonlethal military equipment. In 1983 Reagan's NSDD 76 authorized peaceful nuclear cooperation to boost Beijing's civilian nuclear program. And by the mid-1980s the U.S. had agreed to sell the PRC hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of torpedoes, anti-artillery, radar, and other military systems and equipment.
In 1986 the U.S. and China announced the Peace Pearl program to modernize Chinese F-8 fighters with sophisticated navigation, radar, and other electronics. Peace Pearl, the Pentagon said, would improve the security of a friendly country which has been an important force for political stability and economic progress in Asia and the world. Those are very optimistic and positive words. And if you have any questions on Peace Pearl, you can talk to Ken Allen back there, who has photos, stories – he's got the entire program that he can relay to you, and I encourage you to talk to him because it is eye-watering.
The Reagan administration loosened controls on export of technology to the PRC in 1983, again furthering the work that began in the Carter years. Before a 1984 visit by PRC Premier Zhao Ziyang Reagan signed NSDD 120, directing the administration to lend support to China's ambitious modernization effort, especially through our liberalized technology transfer policy. The classified policy document stated that the U.S. seeks a strong, secure, and stable China that can be an increasing force for peace both in Asia and the world.
In 1986 the Reagan administration even helped the PRC establish research programs in genetic engineering, automation, biotech, lasers, space technology, manned spaceflight, intelligent robotics, and supercomputers. That year the U.S. also worked with Japan and others to usher Beijing into the Asian Development Bank, which later extended the PRC $40 billion in loans for transport, energy, water, agriculture, finance, and other projects.
So let's recall that in the first decade after normalization in 1979, as in the years immediately before 1979, a key U.S. consideration in America's China policy was, of course, the Cold War, in which the PRC was a counterweight to the Soviet Union. But even when the Cold War ended, U.S. policy toward China remained highly favorable. So as the Cold War was drawing to a close, U.S. leaders went out of their way to show their intention to remain committed to China.
Recall that George H.W. Bush response to the Tiananmen massacre of 1989. Here was a brutally violent refutation of the optimistic notion that modernization by the Chinese Communist Party would mean political liberalization, something I assumed all along. But nevertheless, President Bush decided not to fundamentally reassess U.S. relations with the PRC after 1989. The senior Bush suspended new arms sales, but he decided to follow through on many existing programs – to include Peace Pearl, which was terminated later by the Chinese and not the U.S. President Bush also opposed economic sanctions favored by a majority of members of Congress. Now is the time, he told the public, to look beyond the moment to important and enduring aspects of this vital relationship for the United States. Though the administration announced it had suspended high-level contacts with the PRC, Bush dispatched the national security adviser on a secret mission to Beijing carrying letters that stressed the importance of getting our relationship back on track. And so the two sides did.
The measured U.S. response to the massacre reflected a hopeful and accommodationist frame of mind that continued to shape U.S. policy toward China for years to come. Across decades, we accommodated the PRC's human rights abuses without significant protest. We mostly shrugged at the PRC's proliferation of nuclear and missile technology to Pakistan, Iran, and North Korea, and others. We largely overlooked the PRC's division of U.S.-origin dual-use technology to the military. We offered little opposition to the PRC's theft of intellectual property, piracy of trademarked goods, and countless other unfair trade practices. Policymaking requires balancing interests, and we often had reasons to let this or that PRC offense go unanswered. But the consequences mounted.
Following Tiananmen, one change that did come was the PRC leaders introduced a harsh patriotic education campaign in China into the schools and culture. The aim of this campaign was to shore up support for the Communist Party by playing to nationalism and vilifying foreigners, especially Americans and Japanese, as so-called hostile forces seeking to contain China and block its rise. Stoking this mythology of U.S. hostility was itself a hostile act against the U.S., but U.S. officials hardly took notice. Instead, we concentrated on producing the next chapter in our policy of support for the PRC. And this was probably the most favorable and consequential of all – PRC accession to the World Trade Organization.
President Bill Clinton entered office highly critical of Beijing's human rights record. He promised to reestablish the link between the PRC's trade privileges and human rights as the Jackson-Vanik amendment concerning most favored nation status had intended. However, by 1994 Clinton had dropped that insistence. He began to favor bestowing on the Chinese, on the PRC, permanent normal trade relations and backing its membership in the WTO, even if there weren't improvements in human rights. He embraced an idea, long part of U.S. thinking about trade with the PRC, that became dogma: If we expand international trade links with China, it would inevitably liberalize politically, benefitting the Chinese people, the cause of human rights, and the world in general. And that's a lofty ideal. And, you know, it's very laudable that we pursued that.
Unfortunately, this view dominated U.S. thinking as U.S. played an indispensable role in bringing about China's WTO accession. And WTO accession was rocket fuel for PRC's ambitions, giving it the global market access that turned China into the world's manufacturing and export powerhouse. No policy has strengthened the PRC more. And like so much else, helping China enter the WTO involved our purposefully ignoring PRC and proper trade practices and empty promises. As Secretary Pompeo has said, we encouraged Chinese membership in the World Trade Organization and other international organizations premised on their commitment to adopt market reforms and abide by the rules of those organizations. And all too often, China did not follow through.
So the friendly U.S. approach to China in the 1990s was evident when the Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan visited Beijing in 1994. It is very important to the United States, as well as the whole world, that China succeed, Greenspan told PRC Premier Zhu Rongji. Therefore, we're willing to provide as much assistance as we can to your central bank in those technical areas where we have many years of experience.
Generous technical assistance was a U.S. policy priority for decades. Even before normalization, President Carter issued Presidential Directive 43, instructing federal agencies to support PRC capacity building in education, energy, agriculture, space, geosciences, commerce, and public health. Soon there was hardly an agency in Washington, D.C. without a program to provide training and know-how to strengthen PRC government capacity, to expand trade, and generally to aid PRC integration into global affairs. These programs lasted for decades and they continue to the current day. No other country has received such an outpouring of U.S. capacity building as the PRC has.
The U.S. government similarly helped American businesses help Beijing. In the 1990s, American investment banks worked with PRC leaders to create state- owned megafirms such as China Mobile, and then raised money via stock listings in places like New York and London. U.S. policy meanwhile allowed them to raise money from U.S. investors, despite not meeting basic regulatory requirements. Tens of billions of dollars flowed into PRC state coffers. The 1990s also said U.S. aid to Chinese civil society. At the request, I should stress, of PRC government. The Asia Foundation and Ford Foundation partnered with PRC officials on economic reform, international relations, and Beijing's own overseas assistance programs.
The Carter Center signed an MOU with Beijing's Ministry of Civil Affairs in 1998 to help with experiment village elections. I think we all remember those. The American Bar Association spent two decades working with PRC judges, officials, and lawyers on criminal justice reform, legal training, and combatting domestic violence. Heifer International helped thousands of Chinese farmers raise livestock more sustainably. And such efforts often received funding from the U.S. government, transparently in alignment with Beijing's own policies.
Unfortunately, the PRC has grown inhospitable to foreign civil society groups. Beijing today paints foreign NGOs as insidious subversives, not partners in Chinese development. It's not that the NGOs have changed. Beijing has. It has lost its former enthusiasm for openness, transparency, and foreign links.
Nor is the CCP keen to share any credit with outsiders for China's development, less the starring role of the party be diminished. So Beijing today claims that U.S. civil society groups are a black hand, undermining China. Beijing also enforces a 2016 law designed to drive foreign NGOs out of China. And it has successfully done that, reducing the number of NGOs from 7,000 in 2016 to mere hundreds today.
These were not the outcomes sought by U.S. leaders before the 1990s, or since. Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama both had concerns about aspects of Beijing's behavior, just as their predecessors had. And both took measures to hedge against risks posed by Beijing. But both ensured that the United States engaged the PRC fundamentally as a partner and a supporter. Both expanded trade and technology ties with the PRC. Even as Beijing cheated on the U.S. and trade – U.S. trade deficit with China soared to a cumulative $4 trillion. Both supported elevating Beijing's status in important international organizations, even as Beijing often subverted the mission and spirit of these organizations.
Both believed that Beijing – bought into the line that irritants in the bilateral relationship could be worked out by an ever-more diplomatic pageantry and high-level dialogues. And both welcomed more and more PRC students, with some 270,000 in America by 2015. And just for the record, to clear the air and to counter the misinformation, the number of PRC university student in the U.S. is now a whopping 370,000, contrary to allegations of us closing down that pipeline.
So we're proud of America's long record of pursuing friendship with China and the Chinese people. In this 40th year since U.S.-PRC normalization it's worth recalling that U.S. optimism and friendship toward China and the Chinese people dates back centuries. American missionaries established hospitals and universities in China in the 1800s. American diplomats backed the open-door policy in the late 1800s. And then they set up the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship in 1909 that seated Xinhua University. American soldiers defended China during World War II, sacrificing thousands of lives to support our alliance commitment and resist an expansive and aggressive force. After the war, America insisted that China receive a seat among the founding members of the United Nations and a veto on the Security Council.
So, in conclusion, it's natural that once the PRC turned to reform and opening 40 years ago, America would extend our hand in friendship. And it is altogether bogus that Beijing today claims that America's new competitive posture toward the PRC betrays some long desire to keep, quote, "China down" as a nation. On the contrary, our posture today is based on disappointment that Chinese Communist Party leaders decided to respond to our good faith with such an aggressive and consistent bad faith.
Just want to relate a personal story on this. While in Beijing I became associated with a group that actually fostered U.S.-China relations through the memory of World War II. The exhibit that they put out is called Guójiā Jìyì, National Memories. It was here at the Reagan Building, sponsored by the Wilson Center, and then I sponsored it, and the Pentagon, in March of 2015. These photos began with a black and white photo handed to a friend of mine in 1999 of a funeral happening obviously in China, in southern China, with an American chaplain and an American officer, a Major McMurray being buried, and a bunch of Chinese soldiers are – or Chinese people in soldier's gear.
He saw this photo. And based on the educational process he went through, it tilted his world. He couldn't believe this actually happened. So he went into the Chinese archives to find the evidence that supported this. And he didn't find anything. But someone said, you can go to the U.S. National Archives right here in D.C. and find more. He came here, he found 60,000 black and white photos of this very mutually beneficial cooperation during World War II. And being disappointed in the history that he was taught, intentionally has been spreading that word inside and outside of China ever since in the form of coffee table books, just full of these photos with stories, and these displays that I discussed.
We have to recognize this history. It's key. It's what we in the open press world and those who can read whatever we care to understand as our history.
Original Source: https://www.csis.org/analysis/speech-assistant-secretary-state-east-asian-and-pacific-affairs-david-r-stilwell
Comments on China	8:25 am , December 29, 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At Great River Rescue we want to help educate the public about the work we do and the importance of proper pet care. If your group is interested in taking a tour of our facility, or having a presentation given, we can help! All you need to do is contact us at 751-7910 and we can set something up. Tours can be scheduled with Brandon at a time that is convenient for you. We do ask that you give us as much advanced notice as possible to arrange the best possible time for everyone. Presentations can generally be scheduled during normal business hours (Monday – Friday 9 am to 4 pm).
Take time to conduct a cleaning project at the shelter.
Bake dog or cat treats or make toys out of old shirts and towels to donate.
Hold a supply drive for needed items like cat litter, bleach, or laundry detergent.
Raise funds for your group with a portion being donated to Great River Rescue.
Build dog houses or cat climbing structures to be donated or raffled off.
Again, just call us at 751-7910 to set something up. Thanks!
Great River Rescue is often invited to attend events hosted by other community organizations and businesses. We are happy to attend these events with some shelter pets to further our outreach and connect with community members. At the same time, it takes time and resources for us to attend these events. Sometimes, we don't have time, or animals appropriate for such an event. To help other organizations determine whether or not they should invite us we've created a list of expectations we have for your event.
Please give us at least one month's notice prior to your event. We may or may not be able to commit to attending your event depending on our schedule.
Know that our commitment to attend may be dependent on our ability to find volunteers. If we can't find enough volunteer help, we will let you know within a few days prior to the event. You are welcome to provide extra helpers for us if you can.
We will bring our donation jar – please help promote our cause and encourage your guests to donate.
We always strive to bring friendly and safe animals to events. You may need to check with your insurance carrier to ensure that it is acceptable to have animals present.
The animals we bring are not immediately available for adoption. Those interested in adoption need to either apply online or at our shelter and visit the animal at the shelter.
Thank you for your understanding of these expectations for outreach events. We look forward to partnering with you on your upcoming event!
Share Your Love – Tell others about the work of Great River Rescue. Let them know how important it is to support our organization. Make a presentation at your school or community group about the importance of proper pet care. Ask us to help you with this project.
Make Adoption Posters – Take pictures of the animals or download their photos and create posters about them. Post them up at your school or work.
"Like" us on Facebook – Like us and share our posts with your friends. Encourage others to "Like" us on Facebook.
"Follow" us on Twitter – Follow us on Twitter and comment on our posts.
Get Crafty – Make your own dog and cat toys or blankets at home. Braiding simple rags and towels together is a great way to make a chew toy for dogs. Do an online search to find more great craft ideas for pets.
Do Some Baking – Bake your own cat and dog treats to donate to the shelter. There are plenty of great recipes out there for which you only need a few ingredients!
Fundraising – Organize your own fundraiser for the shelter. Sell lemonade or baked goods, or hold a penny drive at your school. There are lots of ways you can raise money for the pets.
Hold a Supply Drive – Ask us what supplies we most need and then organize a supply drive with your friends and neighbors. You could even hold a party and invite your friends to bring pet supplies as a gift.
Donate Household Items – Do you have any extra pet supplies, office supplies, towels or blankets that you don't need? Donate them to the Humane Society.
Be a Clean Freak – If you are too young to work directly with the animals, you can still help clean around the shelter.
Get Creative! – Do you have any good ideas about ways to promote adoptions? Anything you can do to help us get these pets adopted is appreciated.


text:
Q: Assigning certain variables to array as key and value i have this table which has around 5 columns in it
column1, user_id, column3, column4, user_exp

If i do a select query like this
$mat_sql = mysql_query(
 "SELECT *
  FROM users
  ORDER BY user_exp DESC LIMIT 10", $general);

How would i get only the user_id and user_exp into an array, with user_id as the key and user_exp as the value?
Thanks

A: $mat_sql = mysql_query("SELECT user_id, user_exp FROM users ORDER BY user_exp DESC LIMIT 10", $general);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($mat_sql)) {
    $result['user_id'] = $row['user_exp'];
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Meet the Rally Medical Advisory Board
Every Rally Grant awarded is scrutinized and vetted by the Rally Medical Advisory Board comprised of the top pediatric oncologists in North America. Each grant application goes through our dual peer review process. We then award grants to the highest scoring applications. We do this because we take every dollar you have given to Rally seriously. The Rally Medical Advisory Board works hard to make sure every dollar makes the biggest impact that it can.
Peter C. Adamson, MD
Sanofi; Cambridge, MA – Global Head, Oncology Development and Pediatric Innovation
Saro Armenian, D.O., MPH
City of Hope; Durante, CA – Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Population Sciences
Oren Becher, MD
Northwestern University; Chicago, IL – Associate Professor in Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
Smita Bhatia, MD, MPH
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL – Director for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship
Scott Borinstein, MD, PHD
Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt; Nashville, TN – Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Michael Burke, MD
Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI – Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology / Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Nai-Kong V. Cheung, MD, PHD
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY – Neuroblastoma Program Head, Pediatric Oncology
Mark Chiang, MD, PHD
University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI – Assistant Professor, Division of Hematology / Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
Murali Chintagumpala, MD
Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX - Professor of Pediatrics; Director, Neuro-Oncology Program
Eric J. Chow, MD, MPH
Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle, WA – Medical Director, Cancer Survivorship Program
Dai Chung, MD
UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX – Professor and Chief in Pediatric Surgery
John Crispino, PHD, MBA
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN – Member; Director, Experimental Hematology
Brian D. Crompton, MD
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA – Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Anthony Daniels, M.D., M.Sc.
Vanderbilt Eye Institute and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; Nashville, TN – Chief, Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology
Christopher Derenzo, MD, MBA
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN – Assistant Member, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Girish Dhall, MD
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL - Director, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
Jeffrey Dome, MD, PHD
Children's National Health Center; Washington, D.C. – Division Chief, Hematology / Oncology; Vice President, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders
Adam Durbin, MD, PHD
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN – Assistant Member, Division of Molecular Oncology
Adam J. Esbenshade, MD, MSCI
Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN – Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Natia Esiashvili, MD
Emory University; Atlanta, GA – Associate Professor in Radiation Oncology Department
Angela M. Feraco, MD, MMSC
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA – Instructor in Pediatric Oncology
Adolfo Ferrando, MD, PHD
Columbia University Medical Center; New York, NY – Associate Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics
Debra Friedman, MD
Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt; Nashville, TN – Director of the Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
Gregory Friedman, MD
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL – Associate Professor of Pediatrics Neuro-Oncology Program
Amar Gajjar, MD
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN – Director of Neuro-Oncology Division
Jonathan Gill, MD
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX – Director, Clinical and Translational Research Program
Kelly Goldsmith, MD
Emory University; Atlanta, GA – Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Vidya Gopalakrishnan, MD
MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX – Associate Professor of Pediatrics Research and Molecular and Cellular Oncology
Adam Green, MD
University of Colorado; Aurora, CO – Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Abha Gupta, MD
The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, Ontario Canada – Medical Director, Adolescent and Young Adult Program
Rintaro Hashizume, MD, PHD
Northwestern University; Chicago, IL – Assistant Professor, Neurological Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
Douglas S. Hawkins, MD, MPH
Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle, WA – Chair, Children's Oncology Group; Professor of Pediatrics
Daniel Herranz, PharmD, PhD
Rutgers University; New Brunswick, NJ – Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Pediatrics
Douglas Hoffmann, MD, MPH
Marietta, GA – Pathologist / Hematopathologist
Andrew Hong, MD
Emory University; Atlanta, GA - Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Eugene Hwang, MD
Children's National Medical Center; Washington, D.C. – Director, Neuro-oncology Fellowship Program; Director, Clinical Neuro-oncology Immunotherapeutic Program
Michael Isakoff, MD
Connecticut Children's Medical Center; Hartford, CT – Clinical Director, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorder; Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Theodore S. Johnson, MD
Medical College of Georgia; Augusta, GA – Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Emily Johnston, PHD
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL – Assistant Professor of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology
Cigall Kadoch, PHD
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA – Assistant Professor, Pediatric Oncology
Jonathan Kaufman, MD
Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA – Associate Professor of Hematology and Medical Oncology
Michael Kinnaman, MD
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY - Instructor in Pediatric Oncology
Orly Klein, MD
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford; Palo Alto, CA - Clinical Assistant Professor
Kim Kramer, MD
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY – Pediatric Oncologist
Jacqueline Kraveka, D.O.
Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC – Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Gadi Lalazar, MD
Rockefeller University and Weill Cornell College of Medicine; New York, NY – Instructor, Clinical Investigation
David Loeb, MD, PHD
Children's Hospital at Montefiore; New York, NY – Chief, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Marrow and Blood Cell Transplantation
John M. Maris, MD
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA – Director, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Giulio D'Angio Chair in Neuroblastoma Research, Professor of Pediatrics
Melinda Merchant, MD, PHD
Epizyme; Cambridge, Massachusettes - VP Early Stage Development
Shakeel Modak, MD
Daniel Morgenstern, MD, PHD
The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, Canada – Staff Oncologist, Solid Tumor Program
Luke Mosley, MD, MTS
Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH – Assistant Professor
Sabine Mueller, MD, PHD
University of California; San Francisco, CA – Associate Professor, Neurology
Esther Obeng, MD, PHD
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN – Assistant Member, Molecular Oncology
Devang J. Pastakia, MD, PHD
Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN – Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Renee Read, PHD
Emory University; Atlanta, GA – Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology
Damon Reed, PHD
Moffitt Cancer Center; Tampa, FL – Associate Professor
Etan Orgel, MD, MS
Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA – Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Lewis R. Roberts, MB ChB, PhD
Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN – Professor in Gastroenterology Cancer Research
Jezabel Rodriguez-Blanco, PhD
Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC – Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Daniel Runco, MD, MS
Indiana University; Indianapolis, IN – Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Marta Sanchez-Martin, PHD
Kyn Therapeutics; Cambridge, MA – Senior Translational Scientist
Elias Sayour, MD, PHD
University of Florida; Gainesville, FL – Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics
Jeff Schwartz, MD
Sacred Heart Hospital; Pensacola, FL - Medical Director, UF Health Pediatric Subspecialty Program; Division Chief, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Kevin Shannon, MD
University of California; San Francisco, CA – Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Sanford Simon, PHD
Rockefeller University; New York, NY – Professor, Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics
Simone Sredni, MD, PHD
Northwestern University; Chicago, IL – Research Associate Professor of Neurosurgery
Sarah Tasian, MD
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA – Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Mireya Paulina Velasquez
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN – Assistant Member, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Daniel Wechsler, MD, PHD
Emory University; Atlanta, GA – Professor, Department of Pediatrics
James Whitlock, PHD
The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto, Canada – Division Head of Hematology / Oncology
Lena Winestone, MD
University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA – Assistant Adjunct Professor
Jason T. Yustein, MD, PHD
Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX – Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Wafik Zaky, MD
MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX – Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Patient Care
Jiwang Zhang, MD, PHD
Loyola University; Chicago, IL – Associate Professor of Pathology
Medical Advisory Board Cambridge
Dr. Adamson's primary research focus has been on pediatric cancer drug development, specifically early phase clinical trials and clinical pharmacologic studies. Dr. Adamson serves as the Global Head of Oncology Development and Pediatric Innovation for Sanofi. Previously, Dr. Adamson served as the Chair of the Children's Oncology Group (COG), a National Cancer Institute supported consortium of more than 200 centers across North America, Australia, New Zealand and parts of Europe, which conducts clinical-translational research including large-scale clinical trials in children with cancer. Other key roles include Director of the Office for Clinical and Translational Research at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, co-Director of the University of Pennsylvania CHOP Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA), Program Director of the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) and Principal Investigator of its NICHD funded Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit (PPRU). Dr. Adamson is recognized as an Emeritus Professor CE of Pediatrics by the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine.
Medical Advisory Board Durante
Saro Armenian is a pediatric hematologist/oncologist with expertise in pediatric cancer, epidemiology, and cancer survivorship. Dr. Armenian is leading a clinical research study into whether a low dose of the drug carvedilol can reduce the risk of congestive heart failure in childhood cancer survivors who received chemotherapy with anthracyclines.
Medical Advisory Board Chicago
Dr. Becher received his MD from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, completed his residency at Children's National Medical Center, and completed his fellowship at NY Presbyterian and Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases. His research areas include the development of improved clinical trials and effective treatments for children with brain tumors, particularly high-grade gliomas.
Medical Advisory Board Birmingham
Dr. Bhatia is a graduate of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi where she also completed her residency. She completed her fellowship at the University of Minnesota and was a professor at City of Hope before moving to UAB. Her research focuses on cancer outcomes with an emphasis on the long-term health and well-being of cancer survivors. Her overarching goal is to reduce the burden of morbidity among cancer survivors.
Medical Advisory Board Nashville
Scott Borinstein received his M.D and Ph.D. at The Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Va. He completed his residency and fellowship at Seattle Children's Hospital in Seattle, WA. Dr. Borinstein's research focuses on the development of better treatment for pediatric sarcomas. Specifically, his laboratory investigates how changesin DNA methylation contribute to the pathogensis of Ewing sarcoma.
Medical Advisory Board Milwaukee
Dr. Burke received his MD from Ross University School of Medicine in Portsmouth, Dominica. He completed his residency at the Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University and his fellowship in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. His research interests revolve around relapsed childhood leukemia.
Medical Advisory Board New York
Dr. Cheung is a pediatric oncologist who specializes in immunologic approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric cancers. His focus is the treatment of neuroblastoma, a tumor that arises from primitive cells of the sympathetic nervous system and that primarily affects young children.
Medical Advisory Board Ann Arbor
Dr. Chiang received his M.D., PH.D. and training from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. His research interests revolve around T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, NOTCH signaling and mouse modeling of hematological malignancies.
Medical Advisory Board Houston
Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX
Professor of Pediatrics; Director, Neuro-Oncology Program
Dr. Chintagumpala is a Professor of Pediatrics and the Director of the Neuro-Oncology Program at Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine. He is a senior member of the Solid Tumor Program and the Co-Director of the Retinoblastoma Center of Houston. With more than 30 years of clinical experience he has led and participated in several clinical trials in both solid tumors and brain tumors.
Medical Advisory Board Seattle
Dr. Chow received his M.D. with thesis from the University of California in San Francisco. His Research is focused on cancer survivorship, with focus on childhood cancer survivors and hematopoietic cell transplantation survivors of all ages. Dr. Chow and his team are interested in better understanding exposures that influence (both good and bad) a cancer survivor's subsequent risk for developing heart disease and related conditions. Dr. Chow holds leadership positions within the Children's Oncology Group's Outcomes and Survivorship Committee and the National Cancer Institute-sponsored Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.
Dai Chung
Dr. Chung is a Professor in the Department of Surgery and the Chief of the Division of Pediatric Surgery at UT Southwestern Medical Center. He specializes in pediatric surgery. He earned his medical degree at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, where he also completed an internship and a residency in surgery. He received advanced training through a fellowship in pediatric surgery at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, as well as through research fellowships with the National Institutes of Health at Shriners Burns Hospital and the University of Texas Medical Branch.
Medical Advisory Board Memphis
Dr. Crispino is the Director of the Division of Experimental Hematology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Previously, Dr. Crispino was the Associate Director of Education and Training at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, IL as well as a Lora S Lurie Professor of Medicine. Dr. Crispino studies the biology of normal and malignant blood cell development. In 2002, his team discovered that GATA1 mutations are associated with acute megakaryocytic leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Since that time, his laboratory has focused on understanding why children with DS face an increased risk of both myeloid and lymphoid leukemia and on developing improved therapies for the malignancies.
Medical Advisory Board Boston
Dr. Crompton is a pediatric oncologist who specializes in caring for patients with solid tumor malignancies and cancer predispositions. His laboratory focuses on utilizing proteomic and genomic approaches to expand our understanding of cancer biology and identify novel treatment approaches for pediatric sarcomas. One goal of his laboratory is to validate the use of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with other agents in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Dr. Crompton's group is also focused on developing new non-invasive tumor profiling techniques, also known as liquid biopsies, to quantify disease burden, monitor patients for clinical responses to therapy, and discover clinically relevant patterns of tumor evolution.
Dr. Daniels is chief of the Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology and director of the Ocular Oncology Fellowship Program in the Department of Ophthalmology at Vanderbilt Eye Institute and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center. He graduated from Princeton University and subsequently received a master's degree in public health policy from the London School of Economics. After attending the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Dr. Daniels completed an internship at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and then both his ophthalmology residency as well as a vitreoretinal surgery fellowship at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary at Harvard Medical School. He subsequently did additional training in the management of ocular tumors at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and at the Mayo Clinic. Dr. Daniels specializes in ocular tumors in adults and children, including melanoma, retinoblastoma, ocular metastases, lymphoma and ocular surface tumors. His research focuses on drug discovery and animal models for eye cancers.
Dr. DeRenzo's research is focused on harnessing the body's immune system to treat pediatric patients with solid tumors. Specifically, he works with T cells, and his efforts are aimed at developing novel methods to enhance T-cell therapies for pediatric patients with solid tumors.
Dr. Girish Dhall is a Professor of Pediatrics and Director of the Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow and Transplantation at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Dr. Dhall serves as the Co-Chair of the Children's Oncology Group study for treatment of CNS germ cell tumors in children. His major area of interest is clinical research in CNS germ cell tumors and infant medulloblastoma and designing early phase clinical trials for patients with pediatric brain tumors. Dr. Dhall earned his degrees from the University of Mumbai and completed his internship and residency at New York Medical College. He completed fellowships with the New York University and Children's Hospital Los Angeles.
Medical Advisory Board Washington, D.C.
Dr. Jeffrey Dome is a pediatric hematologist-oncologist in Washington, DC. He specializes in pediatric solid tumors, with an emphasis on Wilms tumors and other pediatric kidney tumors. He is also the chair of the Renal Tumor Committee for the Children's Oncology Group (COG).
Dr. Durbin received his MD and PhD from the University of Toronto, studying pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. He completed his residency at Boston Children's Hospital and Boston Medical Center, and then his fellowship in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital. He is currently an Assistant Member in the Division of Molecular Oncology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital studying epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of high-risk pediatric cancers, including neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, drug discovery for pediatric high-risk tumors, and pathogenesis and modeling of rare tumors.
Dr. Esbenshade is a pediatric neuro-oncologist. He completed his fellowship and a Master of Science in Clinical Investigation at Vanderbilt University in 2010. His research is focused on cancer control, supportive care and survivorship. His specific interests include establishing evidence-based management for the metabolic and infectious complications of pediatric cancer. In the Children's Oncology Group, he currently serves as the Vice Chair of both the Cancer Control and Supportive Care Committee and the Young Investigators Committee.
Medical Advisory Board Atlanta
Dr. Esiashvili's clinical interests include brain tumors and sarcomas. She is a member of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American College of Radiology, the Children's Oncology Group and the Pediatric Radiation Oncology Society, among others. She serves as a manuscript reviewer for International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, and has published several journal articles and book chapters. She has received various awards for her work in radiation oncology, as well spoken at a number of national and international conferences.
Dr. Feraco is an Instructor in Pediatric Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital and conducts research within the Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care at Dana-Farber. She attended medical school at the University of California, San Francisco, and completed her residency and chief residency in the Boston Combined Residency Program, followed by fellowship training in pediatric hematology/oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital. She received her Master of Medical Science in Medical Education from Harvard Medical School. Angela's research seeks to alter the current communication paradigm during the early treatment phase of childhood cancer, thereby facilitating enhanced family outcomes across the illness trajectory.
Dr. Ferrando is currently conducting research related to T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. In 1999, he was rewarded the Special Doctorate Award from the University of Oviedo in Spain. He has served on the Editorial Board of Leukemia and is a member of the American Society of Hematology.
Dr. Friedman's research emphasis is long term outcomes for cancer survivors. Novel therapeutic protocols for childhood cancer, designed to decrease adverse long-term effects of therapy.
Dr. Friedman is a graduate of the College of William and Mary and the Medical College of Georgia. He completed his pediatric residency and fellowship in pediatric hematology/oncology at UAB. His primary interests are pediatric neuro-oncology and conducting pediatric brain tumor research. His overarching goal is to improve outcomes for children with malignant brain tumors by developing and improving novel, targeted therapeutics like oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virotherapy in the lab and then translating these therapies to clinical trials.
Dr. Gajjar's current clinical research interests focus on innovative protocols for the treatment of childhood brain tumors, with a focus on medulloblastomas, PNET and Rhabdoid tumors (ATRT). He is co-chair of the Department of Oncology, Interim Chair for the Department of Pediatric Medicine and Co-Leader for the Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, as well as the Scott and Tracie Hamilton Endowed Chair in Brain Tumor Research.
Dr. Gill's main clinical interest is in sarcomas and rare solid tumors in children. His primary research interest is in Developmental Therapeutics and developing clinical trials introducing new agents or novel combination therapies. He is a member of the Children's Oncology Group, Bone Tumor Committee.
Dr. Goldsmith received her MD from the University of Alabama School of Medicine, followed by training at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. She is currently an assistant professor of pediatrics and the director of the MIBG therapy program. Her laboratory focuses on neuroblastoma and experimental therapeutics that restore therapy sensitivity. Her work has led to a first in pediatric phase 1 clinical trial.
Dr. Gopalakrishnan received her PhD from The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and completed her postdoctoral fellowship at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Her research focuses on studying the molecular basis of medulloblastoma and identifying novel therapeutic targets for the disease.
Medical Advisory Board Aurora
Adam Green, MD, is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and an attending pediatric neuro-oncologist at Children's Hospital Colorado. He completed his undergraduate degree in neurobiology at Dartmouth College and attended medical school at NYU. He served as a resident and chief resident in pediatrics at the University of Colorado and as a pediatric hematology-oncology fellow at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital. There, he trained in translational research in pediatric brain tumors with Drs. Andrew Kung and Stu Orkin, and in childhood cancer disparities with Dr. Carlos Rodriguez Galindo. His lab investigates novel targets and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of pediatric high-grade glioma. There are several clinical trials currently open or in development based on work from his lab. He also studies causes and interventions for demographic and socioeconomic outcomes disparities in childhood cancer.
Medical Advisory Board Toronto
Dr. Gupta received her MD at the University of Toronto. She completed her pediatrics residency at Yale New Haven Children's Hospital (New Haven, CT) and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Ottawa) before moving back to Toronto to complete her fellowship in pediatric hematology/oncology at The Hospital for Sick Children. To complement her training, Dr. Gupta completed a one-year fellowship in Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology with a focus on sarcoma. She is the Medical Director of the Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program at Princess Margaret where she is working with a team of people to create the infrastructure to ensure consistent and high-quality delivery of information and services to young people with cancer. At SickKids, along with pediatric urologist, Dr. Armando Lorenzo, she is Co-Medical Director of the Fertility Preservation Program. The goal of this program is to ensure consistent and high-quality delivery of information regarding fertility preservation to children and adolescents with cancer.
Dr. Hashizume received his MD, PhD and residency training from St. Marianna University School of Medicine followed by his postdoc training at MD Anderson. His current research focuses on the treatment of DIPG. Both his clinical and research areas of interest are treatment of primary adult and pediatric brain tumors, and translation of findings from research into treatment of brain tumor patients.
Douglas S. Hawkins, MD
Dr. Hawkins is the Group Chair of the Children's Oncology Group (COG), a National Cancer Institute supported consortium of more than 200 centers across North America, Australia, New Zealand and parts of Europe, which conducts clinical-translational research including large-scale clinical trials in children with cancer. Dr. Hawkins is a clinician at Seattle Children's Hospital and Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine. Prior to becoming COG Group Chair in 2020, he was the Chair of the COG Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee and a member of the COG Bone Tumor Steering Committee. Dr. Hawkins had focused on clinical research, particularly in the treatment of pediatric sarcomas. He was the chair of two COG clinical trials, one for Ewing sarcoma and another for rhabdomyosarcoma. He chairs the international EURO EWING Consortium External Advisory Board and also chairs the international Frontline and Relapse in RhabdoMyoSarcoma Study (FaR-RMS) Data Monitoring Committee.
Medical Advisory Board New Brunswick
Daniel Herranz, PharmD, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Pediatrics at Rutgers University. Over the last 10 years, Dr. Herranz has pursued a combined training in metabolism and epigenetics and how both affect human cancer development through the generation and analysis of relevant mouse models. After obtaining his training in Pharmacy from the Complutense University of Madrid, Dr. Herranz completed a PhD in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry from the Autonomous University of Madrid under the supervision of Dr. Manuel Serrano at the Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO). After completing his PhD, Dr. Herranz joined the laboratory of Adolfo Ferrando at Columbia University in April 2011 as a Postdoctoral Fellow. Dr. Herranz is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology at the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and a Resident Member at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey. His successful early career has been recognized by his being selected as a 2022 AACR NextGen Star.
Medical Advisory Board Marietta
Dr. Hoffmann earned his doctorate in medicine from University of Michigan Medical School and completed his pathology residency at University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. He completed a fellowship in hematopathology at UCLA's Center for the Health Sciences in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Dr. Hoffmann also has a keen interest in health care finance, and holds an MBA with finance concentration, and a masters degree in finance, both from Georgia State University J.Mack Robinson College of Business.
Dr. Hong received his MD from the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine. He completed his internship and residency at the Boston Combined Residency Program in Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology fellowship training at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center. He is currently on the faculty at Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta / Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center. He is also the chair of the Renal Tumor Biology Committee for the Children's Oncology Group (COG). His lab focuses on using functional genomics to interrogate kidney and brain cancers with the ultimate goal of identifying new therapeutic targets.
Dr. Hwang received his M.D. at Duke University School of Medicine, completed his residency at Brown University, and returned to Duke to finish his fellowships in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology. He is currently an associate professor at Children's National Medical Center, where he designs and leads developmental therapeutic clinical trials for children with brain cancer, with an emphasis on immunotherapy.
Medical Advisory Board Hartford
Dr. Isakoff is a graduate of New York University School of Medicine. He trained in pediatric medicine at Yale New Haven Children's Hospital and completed his fellowship in pediatric hematology and oncology at Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Dr. Isakoff has been practicing medicine since 1999, the last 14 years at Connecticut Children's Medical Center. He is the Clinical Director of The Center for Cancer & Blood Disorders, the Medical Director for the Clinical Trials Unit, The Director for the Sarcoma Program at The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders and the Program Director for the Reid R. Sacco Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Program. Dr. Isakoff is also an Associate Professor at The University of Connecticut School of Medicine.
Medical Advisory Board Augusta
Theodore S. Johnson, MD, PHD
Dr. Johnson received his MD and PhD from the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University. As a translational physician-scientist, Dr. Johnson opened the Pediatric Immunotherapy Program at Augusta University for children with cancer. The Johnson Laboratory uses immune-competent animal models of in vivo solid tumor growth to study the contribution of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and other immunosuppressive pathways, to immunological tumor tolerance.
Dr. Johnston is a pediatric oncologist at the University of Alabama-Birmingham. Her research focuses on health disparities in end-of-life care for children with cancer. In particular, she is interested in how we determine what good end-of-life care is for children with cancer and how we can ensure everyone has access to the end-of-life care they deserve.
Cigall Kadoch, PhD completed her graduate studies at the Stanford University School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the Laboratory of Dr. Gerald Crabtree. Here, Dr. Kadoch worked to identify and characterize novel components of a chromatin remodeling complex, among them, SS18, which is translocated in synovial sarcoma (t(X;18)), resulting in the hallmark SS18-SSX oncogenic fusion protein. Through a series of biochemical and mechanistic investigations, Kadoch uncovered a mechanism of oncogenesis driven by SS18-SSX mediated perturbation to mSWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes.
Dr. Kaufman earned his MD from the Medical College of Georgia and completed his training at Emory University School of Medicine. His research interests include new drug development for relapsed multiple myeloma patients, identification of induction therapy for these patients, new therapies for Amyloidosis and novel conditioning regimens for myeloma transplant patients.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY
Instructor in Pediatric Oncology
Dr. Kinnaman received his MD from Stony Brook University School of Medicine and completed his residency at Children's Hospital at Montefiore. As a pediatric oncologist, he specializes in taking care of children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with pediatric sarcomas. He is a member of the Iacobuzio-Donahue Lab Group, with research efforts focused on describing and detailing the clonal evolution of cancer cells in pediatric sarcomas.
Medical Advisory Board Palo Alto
Dr. Klein is a board certified pediatric oncologist specializing in blood and marrow transplantation. She attended medical school at Mount Sinai School of Medicine where she also completed her residency in pediatrics. She completed a fellowship in pediatric hematology and oncology at the joint program of Johns Hopkins and the National Cancer Institute. She is currently a Clinical Assistant Professor at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and studying the mechanisms of lung dysfunction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
A pediatric oncologist who specializes in the care of children with neuroblastoma and other cancers that have spread in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). Kim is conducting translational research to better understand why this happens and to try to find more-effective treatments, particularly for relapsed disease. In my research, I am investigating novel treatments to eliminate microscopic tumor cells in the central nervous system.
Medical Advisory Board Charleston
Dr. Kraveka is actively involved in clinical pediatric research in the Children's Oncology Group, where she is a member of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Neuroblastoma Committees. She serves on the Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Neuroblastoma Developmental Therapeutic and the Neuroblastoma Clinical and Biological Risk Factors Task Force Subcommittees. Dr. Kraveka is also a COG Study Committee Member for ANBL0532, a Phase III Randomized Trial of Single versus Tandem Myeloablative Consolidation Therapy for High-Risk Neuroblastoma.
Dr. Lalazar received his MD from the Hebrew University and completed his residency and fellowship in Gastroenterology at the Hadassah medical center in Jerusalem, Israel. His research focuses on creating disease models for pediatric and non-cirrhotic liver cancers and utilizing them to identify novel treatment approaches.
Dr. Loeb received his MD and PhD from Columbia University in New York City, followed by training in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at Johns Hopkins University, where he was currently an Associate Professor. He is currently the Chief of the Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Marrow and Blood Cell at Children's Hospital at Montefiore. His research interests revolve around translational research related to childhood sarcomas. He has a laboratory research effort aimed at understanding the role of a transcription factor called WT1 in the biology of sarcomas, another project aimed at identifying and targeting sarcoma stem cells, and is involved in numerous clinical trials, both investigator-initiated trials at Johns Hopkins as well as trials run through cooperative groups.
Medical Advisory Board Philadelphia
Dr. Maris received his MD from The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and completed his residency at CHOP. He completed a fellowship in hematology/oncology at CHOP and has board certifications for the American Board of Pediatrics and the American Board of Pediatrics/Pediatric Hematology-Oncology. He has special interest in the molecular genetics and treatment of neuroblastoma.
Dr. Merchant received her doctorate in medicine from the University of Miami School of Medicine. She was an Assistant Attending at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and also worked at the National Cancer Institute as a Staff Clinician and Head of the Clinical Sarcoma Program. Before joining Epizyme, she was the Senior Medical Director at AstraZeneca and Clinical Director of the Pediatric Oncology Branch of the NCI.
Dr. Modak is a pediatric oncologist who specializes in the treatment of children and young adults with neuroblastoma and other solid tumors, such as desmoplastic small round cell tumors. His multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals discusses each patient's case in order to put together an individualized treatment plan. Memorial Sloan-Kettering treats a large number of patients with neuroblastoma, and this volume has afforded him and his team a wealth of knowledge and depth of expertise that benefits all patients.
Dr. Morgenstern is a Staff Oncologist at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto and Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto. He originally trained in the UK, including combined medical and PhD degrees from the University of Cambridge and clinical training at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London. He moved to Canada in 2016 and is currently Director of the New Agent and Innovative Therapy (NAIT) and Therapeutic mIBG Programs, and co-lead of the neuroblastoma service. Dr. Morgenstern's clinical activities are focussed on neuroblastoma and solid tumour patients participating in early phase clinical trials. His research interests are similarly in early phase trials and, in particular, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in paediatric cancers and the development of precision medicine approaches for paediatric solid tumours.
Medical Advisory Board Cincinnati
Luke Mosley, MD, is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Pediatric Palliative Care and Department of Anesthesia at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Attending Physician in Pediatrics and Palliative and Comfort Care at the University of Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Dr. Mosley completed his medical training and earned a Master of Theological Studies in theology and bioethics at Vanderbilt University and completed his residency and fellowship training at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
Medical Advisory Board San Francisco
Dr. Mueller received her M.D. and PH.D. from the University of Hamburg followed by her training at Harvard Medical School and the University of California, San Francisco. Her research focus is on testing new therapeutic approaches for children with brain tumors and long-term follow up can assessing the vascular side effects in pediatric brain tumor survivors. She is also the Director of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Center where she oversees the overall program including clinical services and research.
Dr. Obeng received her MD and her PhD from the University of Miami. She completed her residency in the Boston Combined Residency Program in Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology fellowship training at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital. Her research focuses on the genomics of myeloid malignancies, specifically using functional genomics to identify and interrogate novel synthetic lethal pathways in pre-leukemic cells.
Dr. Pastakia received his MD from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and completed his residency and fellowship at Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System. Dr. Pastakia focuses on central nervous system tumors, participating in trials of standard and novel agents to improve outcomes. His research focuses on outcomes for brain tumor patients, working collaboratively with surgical and psychosocial outcomes researchers.
Dr. Read received her PH.D. from Washington University in St. Louis, MO followed by training at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Her current research focuses on Glioblastomas and the roles of developmental signaling pathways in neural progenitor cells that give rise to Glioblastomas. Her research has led to an early-phase clinical trial of a drug that targets the Hippo pathway transcriptional effector YAP.
Medical Advisory Board Tampa
Damon Reed, MD
Dr. Reed's main clinical interest is in sarcomas. He is currently conducting a phase I/II study of TH-302 in combination with Doxorubicin in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. He has been published twice in peer review journals.
Medical Advisory Board Los Angeles
Dr. Etan Orgel is an Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and the Director of the Medical Supportive Care Service for the Cancer and Blood Disease Institute at the Children's Hospital Los Angeles. He is the Co-Chair of the Supportive Care Committee for the Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia & Lymphoma trial consortium. Within the Children Oncology Group (COG), Dr. Orgel serves on multiple trial committees focused on supportive care challenges for children and adolescents undergoing therapy. His clinical focus is in treating leukemia and lymphoma with specific expertise in the treatment of Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous Lineage (ALAL). He is leading an investigative stratum within a COG frontline trial investigating best therapy for children with this rare form of leukemia. Dr. Orgel is a translational clinician-scientist with NIH and foundation funding supporting his two primary areas of research: reducing the impact of obesity and the adipocyte marrow microenvironment on B-ALL chemoresistance, and separately, incorporating novel agents and strategies to limit chemotherapy-induced permanent hearing loss from radiation and platinum chemotherapy. He completed his medical training at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, earned a Master of Science degree in clinical investigation from the University of Southern California, and completed his pediatric residency and fellowship training at the Children's National Medical Center and Children's Hospital Los Angeles.
Medical Advisory Board Minnesota
Dr. Lewis R. Roberts is the Peter and Frances Georgeson Professor in Gastroenterology Cancer Research and a Consultant in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the Mayo Clinic, where he is Director of the Hepatobiliary Neoplasia Clinic, Co-Chair of the Hepatobiliary Cancer Disease Group of Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Co-Principal Investigator of the Mayo Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Hepatobiliary Cancers, Associate Director of Pre-Doctoral Programs in the Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences and Director for Research at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine. Dr. Roberts earned his medical degree from the University of Ghana Medical School, a PhD in Physiology and Biophysics from The University of Iowa, and completed postgraduate training in Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Cancer Genetics at Mayo Clinic.
Dr. Roberts clinical practice is focused on liver and bile duct cancers and gastrointestinal endoscopy. His research include studies of the molecular mechanisms of liver and biliary carcinogenesis; biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and treatment of liver, bile duct and pancreas cancers; and prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis and liver cancer in Africa as well as in immigrant African communities in the USA.
Jezabel Rodriguez-Blanco, PhD completed her graduate studies in neurosciences at the University of Oviedo (Spain). Then, after receiving additional training in neurosciences at the University of Columbia (NY), she completed a postdoctoral appointment in cancer research at the University of Miami (FL). During her years as a postdoc her work was aimed to understand the role developmental pathways play in cancer, specifically in medulloblastoma. Now as an independent investigator at MUSC, Dr. Blanco's research is still focused on medulloblastoma, and aimed at identifying novel therapeutics for these underserved group of patients. Due to the significant morbidity that current multimodal therapy has in developing children, one of her major research lines is focused on finding targeted therapeutics for these tumors. Additionally, she is working to find novel therapeutics for some of the most lethal forms of pediatric brain tumors. This second research line includes tumors considered very high-risk disease such as the TP53 mutant Sonic Hedgehog subgroup or the MYC amplified group 3 medulloblastoma, and high-grade gliomas, such as the virtually incurable diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.
Medical Advisory Board Indianapolis
Dr. Daniel Runco is an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. He attended Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine and completed residency in pediatrics at Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of Medicine. He served as Chief Resident and Clinical Lecturer in the Department of Pediatrics at Riley Hospital for Children before completing fellowship in hematology/oncology at the Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Dr. Runco also earned a Master of Science in Clinical Research from Emory University Laney Graduate School before joining the Indiana University School of Medicine faculty. His clinical focus is caring for children with tumors of the brain and spine and his research interests include nutrition, feeding dysfunction, and supportive care in children undergoing cancer treatment. Dr. Runco was recognized as a Children's Oncology Group Young Investigator at the State-of-the-Science Nutrition Meeting in 2018 and continues to be active in several national professional societies.
Dr. Sanchez-Martin is a translational scientist committed to bringing new therapies to the clinic of pediatric oncology patients. She now serves as a Senior Translational Scientist for Kyn Therapeutics conducting translational research in onco-immunology and targeting immunometabolism and immunosuppression in cancer. Previously, she focused on the discovery and pre-clinical development of new targeted therapies and combinations for the treatment of pediatric lymphoid leukemias and generating a repository of patient-derived mouse models to implement precision medicine approaches in pediatric cancers.
Medical Advisory Board Gainesville
Dr. Sayour trained at Duke University where he completed a pediatric hematology/oncology fellowship and NIH research fellowship in cancer biology and developmental therapeutics. He enrolled in the Duke University Graduate School and completed his Ph.D. Dr. Sayour has been involved in translating bench work into clinical trials governing the development of dendritic cell vaccines with adoptively transferred cytotoxic T cells against recurrent medulloblastoma. He has also started an integrative pediatric immunotherapy working group at the University of Florida that includes surgeons, clinicians, veterinarians, and pre-clinical scientists working to advance novel directed therapeutics against refractory malignancies. Their goals are to identify novel antigen targets and construct robust immunotherapeutic treatments against these malignancies.
Medical Advisory Board Pensacola
Studer Family Children's Hospital at Sacred Heart Hospital, Pensacola, FL; Medical Director, UF Health Pediatric Subspecialty Program; Division Chief, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Dr. Schwartz received his medical degree from the University of Kentucky. He completed his Pediatric Residency at Wake Forest University and his Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellowship at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. He has been the Children's Oncology Group Principal Investigator for his center since 2010. While his primary focus is clinical care, his research interests include supportive care.
Dr. Shannon received his MD from Cornell University Medical Center followed by training at UT Southwestern Medical School in Dallas, TX. His research program focuses on hematopoietic growth control, leukemogenesis, RAS signaling, mouse cancer modeling and molecular therapeutics. He was also director of the USCF Medical Scientist Training Program.
Dr. Simon received his PhD from NYU Medical Center in New York City followed by his fellowship at Rockefeller University where he's currently a professor. His background is in basic cellular events with a particular emphasis on biophysical analysis. Over the past 20 years, however, he has focused primarily on cancer biology. He's currently studying liver cancer and is collaborating with a researcher at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. His results from this work have formed the foundation of new clinical trials and a blood test he's developing. This work was highlighted by President Obama at the launch of the Precision Medicine Initiative.
Dr. Sredni is currently involved in the study of childhood tumors of the kidney and of the central nervous system with special interest in the epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of the aggressive behavior of malignant rhabdoid tumors. Her purpose is to better understand the biology of these rare tumors and to uncover novel targets for future therapy development.
Dr. Tasian is a pediatric oncologist and physician-scientist interested in development of molecularly-targeted therapeutics for children with high-risk leukemias. Her laboratory research program focuses upon testing of signal transduction inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapies in genetic subsets of ALL and AML. Dr. Tasian has leadership roles in the Children's Oncology Group ALL and Myeloid Diseases committees and is involved in several early phase clinical trials testing new agents in children with leukemia.
Mireya Paulina Velasquez, MD
Dr. Velasquez received her MD from the Universidad Francisco Marroquin in Guatemala followed by her training at Baylor College of Medicine. She is interested in adoptive immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. Her current work is focused on using genetically modified T cells to target hematological malignancies, their functional characterization in vitro and working with leukemia and lymphoma xenograft models.
Dr. Wechsler received his MD and his PhD in Physiology from McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He completed his residency in pediatrics and a fellowship in pediatric hematology/oncology at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Wechsler is the director of pediatric oncology at the Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. The primary focus of Dr. Wechsler's laboratory is an investigation of the pathogenesis of CALM-AF10 leukemias. They were the first to describe a translocation between MLL and CALM genes in an infant with acute myeloid leukemia, and from this stemmed their interest in understanding the more common CALM-AF10 leukemias.
James Whitlock, MD
Dr. Whitlock is the Division Head of Hematology/Oncology and the Women's Auxiliary Millennium Chair in Hematology/Oncology at The Hospital for Sick Children and Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Toronto. He is presently a member of the COG Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Executive Committee and Vice-Chair for New Agents and Relapse and served that organization as Chair and Vice-Chair of national clinical trials and strategic committees.. He has also served on a number of committees for other national and international organizations including the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, the Histiocytosis Association of America and the Histiocyte Society.
Dr. Winestone is a pediatric stem cell transplanter at University of California in San Francisco. Her research is focused on health disparities within pediatric oncology with a specific emphasis on access to care for patients with leukemia. Dr. Winestone currently serves as the Vice Chair of the Diversity and Health Disparities Committee within the Children's Oncology Group. She completed her fellowship and Master's in Health Policy Research at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania.
Dr. Jason Yustein's research interests include furthering the biological, molecular and genetic understanding of pediatric sarcomas, including osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, through the formation of novel model systems that will lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and subsequent development of new treatment interventions. For example, Dr. Yustein is utilizing osteoblast-specific expression of an oncogenic p53 mutant to form a novel, applicable transgenic mouse model of metastatic osteosarcoma, a condition that has a particularly poor prognosis. Such models will allow for further understanding of critical genes and microRNAs involved in sarcoma development, progression and metastasis and utilized as preclinical models for therapeutic testing and efficacy. Dr. Yustein is Director of the Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center and a member of the Bone Tumor Program.
Dr. Zaky received his MD from Cairo University in Egypt followed by his residency at SUNY Upstate Medical University and his fellowships at NYU Medical Center and Children's Hospital Los Angeles. His main career goal is to improve the lives affected by brain tumors, especially those with recurrent or progressive disease. Currently, he is the PI of a novel study of targeted therapy in relapsed brain tumors including high grade gliomas using drugs that target most common deregulated pathways in these tumors He is also Co-PI in series of locoregional therapy trials and was on the planning committee for the first pediatric neurooncology symposium at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Dr. Zhang received his MD and MS from Lanzhou Medical College in China, followed by his PhD at Shanghai Second Medical University. He is not the Associate Professor of Pathology and Director of the Stem Cell Biology program at Loyola University in Chicago. His interests involve hematopoietic disorders including leukemia, MPD, MDS, and bone marrow failure.


text:
Heads & Tales è il primo album del cantautore statunitense Harry Chapin, pubblicato dall'etichetta discografica Elektra l'11 marzo 1972.

L'album è prodotto da Jac Holzman. I brani sono interamente composti dall'interprete, mentre gli arrangiamenti sono curati da Fred Kewley.

Dal disco vengono tratti i singoli Taxi e Could You Put Your Light On, Please.

Tracce

Lato A
(Intitolato Heads)
Could You Put Your Light On, Please
Greyhound
Everybody's Lonely
Sometime, Somewhere Wife
Empty

Lato B
(Intitolato Tales)
Taxi
Any Old Kind of Day
Dogtown
Same Sad Singer

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Placing the right ad unit in the right location can make a lot of difference to your Adsense earnings through forums.
Adsense placement suggestions are everywhere including the one by Google.
And I am sure you have already seen those type of suggestions and so instead of you going through the pain of testing which one works better than the other I have tested them all on variety of niche forums and I will be sharing with you the best 3 Adsense placement for you to use directly.
Remember placing the right ad unit in the right location can make a lot of difference to your Adsense earnings through forums. I am not only going to tell you Top 3 Adsense placements for forums but will also show you real world examples that I use myself.
Note that Adsense TOS does not allow me to share earning numbers and so I will not be sharing any numbers.
My top placement for Adsense is a 728×15 link unit with 5 links per unit. Many people are surprised to hear this but the fact is, in forums link unit near the breadcrumb works the best. Try to have 5 links in the ad unit instead of 4 units because that will make the size of the Adsense links similar to your breadcrumb links.
See the sample that I use on my MBA Forum.
The next best performing ad unit is rectangle ad unit just below the navbar.
300×250 Ad unit performs better (See why here) but feel free to test other rectangle ads. You can see the ad in action at C Programming Forum and this ad unit is only shown to guests. Once the user is registered he does not see any ad below the navbar.
One more test I did for this ad placement. Left aligned ad or right aligned ad and the one that works best is left aligned ad with content in the right and the only reason I can think off for this is the Google heat map.
Many suggest an Adsense ad after the first post but I prefer to go one step further i.e. placing an ad after the first visible post and not after the first post of a thread. Thread pages can not only be found by thread id's but also by post id's and so having an ad unit after the first post is not as effective as having the ad after the first visible post. This has really worked well for me.
Visit each URL and you will notice an ad after the first visible post in your screen and not after the first post of the thread.
Which is your best performing Adsense Placement?
If you have any question about Adsense ad placement, ask them in comments below. I will be more than happy to answer your queries. Also don't forget to share your best performing ad placement.
You are already overloaded with ads.
I was referring to this: http://news.yahoo.com/rss/ with a link back to the source of course.
is posting RSS feeds on forums against Adsense policy?
I'm guessing it's not a problem? I've been getting plenty of duplicate ads lately.
How do you avoid duplicate ads on the same page even when using different formats?
Why do I need to avoid them and it is best done by the ad networks.
I don't have a forum… yet. simply a website but I still got some tips here – thanks!
Hi, Will you please check my forum site and let me know what you think about my adsense placement? I'm still adding in different spots but I would love to hear your feedback.
Hi Justin, just a glimpse look at the home page shows that a banner ad takes more than twice the space than it should because of the black and blue box around it.
Apart from that my personal choice is always add ads after certain traffic levels or else you will be demoralized with all zeros all round.
The only question I have for quite some time now is about the Adsense Search Box placement. Have searched a lot about it but could not get much info. Can you share the best placements of Adsense for search.
Naveen the only reason you don't see much content related to Adsense for Search is because there is not much difference you will get when placing a box of different size at difference location.
User searching for something on your site will find search box in few seconds anyway but I prefer to have it right at the top above the fold and preferably in center and if not in center than in the top right side of the screen.
Yes I think I will try as you have in your forums but I have one more question.
The way you have search on forums is quite prominent but not that much on this blog and is this intentional or design constraint.
Sorry to bothering you all the time with such questions.
No I am fine with your questions and so it does not bother me at all. Now your questions about search at CodeItWell.com I have plans to add the search in the header and I have that on my Finance Blog and so that will be coming soon here as well. This is nothing to do with design constraint or anything but as I am building more content first to be searchable.
I am also looking forward to this questions answer.
I already have given the answer and refresh the page to see my answer.
The one that works best for me is a leaderboard below the navbar.
Yes that is also a good placement but I think having a rectangle outperforms the leaderboard for me in few niches but not in all.


Swift codes, or BIC codes as they are sometimes called, allow you to make an international wire transfer. Unlike routing numbers used for domestic wire transfers, a Swift code is used for making or receiving an international wire transfer. If you want to send or receive money internationally to a bank account held with AO 'M-REESTR', you'll need the appropriate Swift code..
Important: Swift codes or BICs of AO 'M-REESTR' are for making or receiving an international wire transfer.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta charset="utf-8" />

      <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/full_list.css" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8" />

      <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/common.css" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8" />

    <title>Method List</title>
    <base id="base_target" target="_parent" />

Method List

              Classes

              Methods

              Files

Search: <input type="text" />

      #authenticate_user
      AuthenticationController

      #build_update_dispatches
      ShareProfile

      #cache_contact_methods
      ShareProfile

      #cache_id
      EmailAddress

      #cache_id
      PhoneNumber

      #cache_id
      Address

      #cache_id
      SocialAccount

      #create
      CrudController

      #create
      ContactMethodsController

      #created_by_name
      ShareProfile

      #current_user
      ApplicationController

      decode
      JsonWebToken

      #destroy
      CrudController

      #destroy
      UpdateDispatchesController

      #email
      User

      encode
      JsonWebToken

      #index
      ContactMethodsController

      #index
      ShareProfilesController

      #index
      UpdateDispatchesController

      #index
      HomeController

      #register
      AuthenticationController

      #remember_created_at
      User

      #reset_password_token
      User

      #set_formatted
      Address

      #share
      ShareProfilesController

      #show
      CrudController

      #sign_in_count
      User

      #to_cache
      Address

      #to_cache
      EmailAddress

      #to_cache
      PhoneNumber

      #to_cache
      SocialAccount

      #update
      CrudController

      #update_share_profiles
      ContactMethod

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub