text:
Scalpel can achieve better clinical outcomes compared with electric cautery in primary total knee arthroplasty: a comparison study
Wei Lin1,
Yike Dai1,
Jinghui Niu1,
Guangmin Yang1,
Ming Li1 &
Fei Wang1
Whether using the scalpel can provide better and faster recovery after the primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still controversial. The aim of this research was to compare the clinical outcomes of using the scalpel and the electric cautery in primary TKA.
From January 2016 to December 2017, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 313 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using the scalpel (group S). During this period, we selected 313 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using the electric cautery (group E) for comparison. The tourniquet time, operative time, blood loss, wound complications, visual analog score for pain, range of motion, Knee Society Score were assessed between the two groups. The Forgotten Joint Score was used to analyze the ability to forget the joint.
There were no significant differences in tourniquet time, operative time, blood loss between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the group S, the visual analog score for pain, range of motion, Knee Society Score were found better results at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery (p < 0.05). Besides, during the follow-up period, the Forgotten Joint Score was significantly higher compared with group E (p < 0.05).
In this research, the patients who underwent TKA by using the scalpel could achieve better clinical outcomes. In addition, if forgotten artificial joint after TKA was the final goal, the patients who underwent TKA by using the scalpel would acquire better quality of life.
More than 100 million people around the world are affected by osteoarthritis (OA) [1]. It is a chronic disease, the knee joint is the most severely affected joint, and there is no doubt that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most effective surgical method for the treatment of end-stage knee OA [2]. The main advantages of TKA are to relieve the pain of the knee, improve the knee function, restore lower limb alignment, and improve the quality of life of patients [3]. In the process of TKA, some surgeons like to use the scalpel and others like to use the electric cautery to expose the articular cavity. However, which of these two methods is better is still controversial.
In the past 10 years, many surgeons believe that using the electric cautery can reduce blood loss during surgery, so there is a tendency to use electric cautery instead of the scalpel [4, 5]. But many experienced orthopaedic surgeons still prefer to use the scalpel to cut skin and soft tissue quickly and efficiently to complete the TKA [6]. The electric cautery is one of the conventional instruments in surgery, and it has the advantages of good hemostatic effect, convenient and simple operation, etc. The unipolar electric cautery is a traditional device that transfers current through a resistance wire electrode to generate heat, which is used for tissue coagulation [7]. Although using the electric cautery in surgery is very effective, it has the potential to cause complications. At the end of the twentieth century, the incidence of electrosurgical injuries remained at about 2 to 5 per 1000 people [8, 9]. One study discovered that using electric cautery during surgery resulted in poor wound healing and high wound infection rates [10]. Some studies have noted that using the electric cautery during surgery not only increases the cost of the operation, but also generates a lot of harmful smoke during the operation, which affects the health of the surgical staff [11, 12]. Because the electric cautery generates a lot of heat, mistakes in operation may lead to more soft tissue damage [13, 14].
We found few studies comparing the clinical outcomes in primary TKA by using the electric cautery or the scalpel. Consequently, we conducted a retrospective, and case matched research to compare the clinical outcomes between the two methods, with a follow-up of at least 2 years. We assumed that using the scalpel might achieve better clinical outcomes compared to the electric cautery in primary TKA.
With the approval of the Institutional Review Committee, we performed a retrospective case-matched study from January 2016 to December 2017. Three hundred thirteen patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using the scalpel from January 2016 to December 2016 were included in group S. From January 2017 to December 2017, we selected 313 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using the electric cautery (group E) for comparison. To improve the reliability of this research, the two groups matched in a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and follow-up time. Inclusion criteria were (1) unilateral primary knee osteoarthritis; (2) flexion-contracture deformity < 20°; (3) varus deformity < 20°. Patients who had valgus or stiff knee, neurological problems, anticoagulant therapy, revision TKA, inflammatory arthritis, or previous open knee surgery were excluded. All surgeries were performed in our center by the same senior orthopaedic surgeon.
In the two groups, the skin was incised with a scalpel, 10 mg/kg dose of tranexamic acid (TXA) was administered intravenously to all patients before surgery, and after the implant was placed, 2.0 g TXA mixed with 100 ml of normal saline directly into the surgical site and soaked in the solution for 2 min [15]. According to the patient's physical condition, using hypotensive anesthesia with low mean arterial pressures. All surgeries were accomplished through the medial parapatellar arthrotomy, and pneumatic tourniquets were used during surgeries to help stop bleeding. In the group S, we used scalpel number 22 (Jinhuan® surgical blade, Jinhuan medical supplies Co., Ltd., Shanghai Pudong, China) for the midline skin incision, and then scalpel number 10 (Jinhuan® surgical blade, Jinhuan medical supplies Co., Ltd., Shanghai Pudong, China) to dissect the sub-fascial layers and opened the joint cavity by the incision of the medial retinacular tissue. Then release the medial deep collateral ligament. The synovium, meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament were removed. Some major small blood vessels around the knee joint did not coagulate, and the tourniquet was released when the wound was closed. In group E, using the same number scalpel for the midline skin incision. Then, using electric cautery (Peng's Multifunctional Operational Dissectors (PMOD), Co., Ltd., Zhengjiang Shuyou, China), set at 65 W coagulation mode, to separate and cut the soft tissues in the knee joint cavity mentioned above. After the implant was placed, the tourniquet was released, and the bleeding points were coagulated by the electric cautery during the surgery. All patients received the same type of knee prosthesis (CR, Mobile bearing, LINK, Germany, Gemini MK II) and postoperative treatment options, including rehabilitation programs and pain control.
Outcome evaluation
The assessments were conducted by a senior orthopaedic surgeon who did not participate in the treatment. Patients demographics in regard to age, sex, BMI, follow-up time, operative time, tourniquet time, blood loss, wound complications were examined. Routine blood tests were performed 1 day before and 1 day after surgery to avoid the effect of perioperative infusion on the test results.
The range of motion (ROM), visual analog score (VAS) for pain, Knee Society Score (KSS) [16] were assessed. For comparing the postoperative status of the patients who received TKA via the two different methods, we used the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS; a 12-item questionnaire with a maximum of 100) to analyze the ability to forget the joint [17]. Higher scores represented better results. All data were assessed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after surgery.
All statistical data were used the Shapiro-Wilks test to check the normality of continuous variables. If the data were normally distributed, the two groups would be compared using t-test; if not, the non-parametric test would be performed. And the Fisher's exact test was performed for categorical variables. The correlation between the FJS score and surgery method (scalpel versus electric cautery), sex, gender and BMI were analyzed by multiple linear regression. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 19.0 (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, USA). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
All patients in both groups were followed up at least 2 years. No significant differences were found between the two groups in regard to age, sex, BMI, ROM, VAS, KSS, operative time, blood loss, tourniquet time before surgery (p > 0.05) (Tables 1, 2). Wound complications accounted for 2 cases (0.6%) in group S; 9 cases (2.9%) in group E (p = 0.033). No revision surgery was performed in either group.
Table 1 Patients demographics in the two groups
Table 2 Postoperative clinical results in the two groups
In the group S, the results of VAS, ROM, and KSS were better than those in the group E at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery (p < 0.05) (Tables 3, 4). Furthermore, during follow-up, the FJS score in group S was significantly higher than that in group E (p < 0.05) (Table 5). The multiple linear regression showed that higher FJS score was correlated with the scalpel method (p < 0.05) (Table 6).
Table 3 The VAS and ROM in the two groups
Table 4 The KSS scores in the two groups
Table 5 The FJS scores in the two groups
Table 6 Multiple linear regression analysis
The most significant finding in this research was that the patients who underwent TKA by using the scalpel could achieve better clinical outcomes. In addition, if forgotten artificial joint after TKA was the final goal, the patients who underwent TKA by using the scalpel would acquire better quality of life.
Blood loss is an major problem in the process of TKA, which will cause many related complications. TXA has been suggested as a treatment option to reduce blood loss during TKA. Some studies have indicated that the intravenous use of TXA in the perioperative period has achieved significant effects in reducing blood loss [18, 19]. Similarly, studies have confirmed that topical use of TXA can obtain similar clinical effects as intravenous use of TXA, and the less possibility of complications [20, 21]. In addition, other studies have pointed out that the topical use of the hemostatic agent, such as Floseal®, has achieved significant results in controlling blood loss during TKA [22,23,24,25]. In the present study, in order to reduce the related complications caused by blood loss, all of our patients have combined intravenous and topical use of TXA. Most surgeons believed that, like abdominal surgery [26] and spinal surgery [27], electric cautery could reduce blood loss during TKA. In present study, we did not calculate the estimated blood loss by weighing the gauze and calculating the amount of liquid in the suction bottle. Instead, we adopted a method mentioned in the previous article [28], the blood loss was compared between the two groups by comparing haemoglobin, hematocrit before and after surgery. It has known that one unit of blood loss has an effect of 3% on hematocrit levels and 1 g/dL on hemoglobin. In our research, we found that there was no significant difference in the hemoglobin levels and hematocrit whether using the electric cautery or the scalpel. Perhaps it was related to the tourniquet, tranexamic acid, and hypotensive anesthesia with low mean arterial pressures during surgery. Furthermore, Tammachote et al. [11] believed that the main cause of intraoperative blood loss might be due to osteotomy and femoral medullary hemorrhage during surgery.
Postoperative wound infection is one of the most severe complications after TKA. The causes of infections are diverse, for example, incision hematoma, contaminated incisions, and less stringent aseptic procedures. Although we used broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent this problem, we had not got satisfactory results. Some studies have pointed out [29,30,31] that electric cautery may cause delayed wound healing and histological indicate that tissue damage from electric cautery can easily cause tissue damage and increase the infection rate of the incision site. In addition, previous researches have reported that the inflammatory response at the wound affects early functional exercise after joint replacement [32, 33]. And, the damage caused by electric cautery to surrounding tissues may be the main factor leading to the inflammatory response [13, 14]. These findings were consistent with our study that higher wound complications were found by using the electric cautery after TKA. In order to prevent surgical site infection and wound complications, the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention has put forward prevention guidelines [34]. In addition, as an alternative to traditional dressings, negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used to effectively treat open wounds in various situations [35, 36]. Recently, there is increasing evidence that closed incisional NPWT (ciNPWT) can potentially reduce the risk of surgical site infection, wound complications, reoperation, and decreased length of hospitalization in patients with TKA [37,38,39]. Although we did not use this kind of ciNPWT in our study, it might be a better choice when we encounter severe wound complications in the future.
The FJS is a newly developed scoring system in recent years, which is often used to measure patients' ability to forget joint replacement or joint awareness in daily life. Even if the patient's knee function is improved and no pain is felt, the FJS score will be lower if the patient is "aware of" the presence of artificial joints in daily life. As a result, minor complaints that are not identified by specific issues (such as "Can you do sports?") are called "aware" joints, which may reduce the ceiling effect and more sensitively reflect postoperative quality of life [17, 40]. Ozaki et al. believed that FJS is a scoring system that can express "sense of stability" as "awareness" [41]. Morten et al. believed that FJS combines factors such as stiffness, pain, the ability of daily activities, and patients' expectations to reflect patients' ability to forget artificial joints in activities, so this scoring system may be the best tool to evaluate the results of TKA [42]. Another study found that when using the FJS scoring system to evaluate the difference in knee awareness of patients who underwent patellofemoral arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and TKA treatment, they found that patients who underwent different joint arthroplasties had very large differences in the FJS [43]. In the present study, we found higher FJS score by using the scalpel after TKA, and this might mean that the patients had a higher quality of life.
Increased potential smoke plume risk is another risk factor of electric cautery [11, 12]. Surgical smoke exposure may increase the risk of acute or chronic lung diseases such as pneumonia or asthma. One study noted that in Mexico, as a result of exposure to electric cautery smoke, many surgical surgeries developed lump (58%) and sore throat (22%) in the throat [44]. Some studies have also shown that perioperative nurses have twice as many respiratory diseases as asthma, bronchitis, allergies, and sinus infections in the general population [45, 46]. Therefore, for the safety of patients and medical staff, we should pay more attention to the problem of smoke generated by electric cautery during surgery. However, a previous study pointed out that traditional surgeries with the scalpel were more cost-effective than the electric cautery [11]. Therefore, we recommended that using the ordinary scalpel as much as possible when performing primary TKA.
The limitation of this research was that it had a retrospective short-term follow-up design, which has its potential weaknesses. A prospective and long-term research should be performed to confirm these findings.
The detailed data and materials of this study are available from the corresponding author via e-mail on reasonable request.
TKA:
Total knee arthroplasty
Visual analog score
KSS:
Knee society score
FJS:
Forgotten joint score
OA:
TXA:
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The authors would like to thank all the staff of the participating departments.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
Wei Lin, Yike Dai, Jinghui Niu, Guangmin Yang, Ming Li & Fei Wang
Wei Lin
Yike Dai
Jinghui Niu
Guangmin Yang
Fei Wang
FW designed the study. WL, YKD, and JHN performed the experimental work. GMY, ML, and WL evaluated the data. WL wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Fei Wang.
This study was approved by the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University and followed the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients.
Lin, W., Dai, Y., Niu, J. et al. Scalpel can achieve better clinical outcomes compared with electric cautery in primary total knee arthroplasty: a comparison study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21, 409 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03457-1
Electric cautery


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text:
class PrefService;

namespace autofill {
class AutofillManager;
}

namespace password_manager {

struct CredentialInfo;
class PasswordFormManager;
class PasswordManager;
class PasswordManagerDriver;
class PasswordStore;

enum PasswordSyncState {
  NOT_SYNCING_PASSWORDS,
  SYNCING_NORMAL_ENCRYPTION,
  SYNCING_WITH_CUSTOM_PASSPHRASE
};

enum class CredentialSourceType {
  CREDENTIAL_SOURCE_PASSWORD_MANAGER = 0,
  CREDENTIAL_SOURCE_API,
  CREDENTIAL_SOURCE_LAST = CREDENTIAL_SOURCE_API
};

// An abstraction of operations that depend on the embedders (e.g. Chrome)
// environment.
class PasswordManagerClient {
 public:
  PasswordManagerClient() {}
  virtual ~PasswordManagerClient() {}

  // For automated testing, the save password prompt should sometimes not be
  // shown, and password immediately saved instead. That can be enforced by
  // a command-line flag. If auto-saving is enforced, this method returns true.
  // The default return value is false.
  virtual bool IsAutomaticPasswordSavingEnabled() const;

  // Is saving new data for password autofill and filling of saved data enabled
  // for the current profile and page? For example, saving is disabled in
  // Incognito mode.
  virtual bool IsSavingAndFillingEnabledForCurrentPage() const;

  // Checks if filling is enabled for the current page. Filling is disabled when
  // password manager is disabled, or in the presence of SSL errors on a page.
  virtual bool IsFillingEnabledForCurrentPage() const;

  // Informs the embedder of a password form that can be saved or updated in
  // password store if the user allows it. The embedder is not required to
  // prompt the user if it decides that this form doesn't need to be saved or
  // updated. Returns true if the prompt was indeed displayed.
  // There are 3 different cases when |update_password| == true:
  // 1.A change password form was submitted and the user has only one stored
  // credential. Then form_to_save.pending_credentials() should correspond to
  // the unique element from |form_to_save.best_matches_|.
  // 2.A change password form was submitted and the user has more than one
  // stored credential. Then we shouldn't expect anything from
  // form_to_save.pending_credentials() except correct origin, since we don't
  // know which credentials should be updated.
  // 3.A sign-in password form was submitted with a password different from
  // the stored one. In this case form_to_save.password_overridden() == true
  // and form_to_save.pending_credentials() should correspond to the credential
  // that was overidden.
  virtual bool PromptUserToSaveOrUpdatePassword(
      scoped_ptr<PasswordFormManager> form_to_save,
      CredentialSourceType type,
      bool update_password) = 0;

  // Informs the embedder of a password forms that the user should choose from.
  // Returns true if the prompt is indeed displayed. If the prompt is not
  // displayed, returns false and does not call |callback|.
  // |callback| should be invoked with the chosen form.
  virtual bool PromptUserToChooseCredentials(
      ScopedVector<autofill::PasswordForm> local_forms,
      ScopedVector<autofill::PasswordForm> federated_forms,
      const GURL& origin,
      base::Callback<void(const CredentialInfo&)> callback) = 0;

  // Informs the embedder that the user has manually requested to save the
  // password in the focused password field.
  virtual void ForceSavePassword();

  // Informs the embedder that automatic signing in just happened. The form
  // returned to the site is |local_forms[0]|. |local_forms| and
  // |federated_forms| contain all the local and federated credentials for the
  // site.
  virtual void NotifyUserAutoSignin(
      ScopedVector<autofill::PasswordForm> local_forms) = 0;

  // Called when a password is saved in an automated fashion. Embedder may
  // inform the user that this save has occured.
  virtual void AutomaticPasswordSave(
      scoped_ptr<PasswordFormManager> saved_form_manager) = 0;

  // Called when a password is autofilled. |best_matches| contains the
  // PasswordForm into which a password was filled: the client may choose to
  // save this to the PasswordStore, for example. Default implementation is a
  // noop.
  virtual void PasswordWasAutofilled(
      const autofill::PasswordFormMap& best_matches) const;

  // Called when password autofill is blocked by the blacklist. |best_matches|
  // contains the PasswordForm that flags the current site as being on the
  // blacklist. The client may choose to remove this from the PasswordStore in
  // order to unblacklist a site, for example. Default implementation is a noop.
  virtual void PasswordAutofillWasBlocked(
      const autofill::PasswordFormMap& best_matches) const;

  // Gets prefs associated with this embedder.
  virtual PrefService* GetPrefs() = 0;

  // Returns the PasswordStore associated with this instance.
  virtual PasswordStore* GetPasswordStore() const = 0;

  // Reports whether and how passwords are synced in the embedder. The default
  // implementation always returns NOT_SYNCING_PASSWORDS.
  // TODO(vabr): Factor this out of the client to the sync layer.
  virtual PasswordSyncState GetPasswordSyncState() const;

  // Only for clients which registered with a LogRouter: If called with
  // |router_can_be_used| set to false, the client may no longer use the
  // LogRouter. If |router_can_be_used| is true, the LogRouter can be used after
  // the return from OnLogRouterAvailabilityChanged.
  virtual void OnLogRouterAvailabilityChanged(bool router_can_be_used);

  // Forward |text| for display to the LogRouter (if registered with one).
  virtual void LogSavePasswordProgress(const std::string& text) const;

  // Returns true if logs recorded via LogSavePasswordProgress will be
  // displayed, and false otherwise.
  virtual bool IsLoggingActive() const;

  // Returns true if last navigation page had HTTP error i.e 5XX or 4XX
  virtual bool WasLastNavigationHTTPError() const;

  // Returns the authorization prompt policy to be used with the given form.
  // Only relevant on OSX.
  virtual PasswordStore::AuthorizationPromptPolicy GetAuthorizationPromptPolicy(
      const autofill::PasswordForm& form);

  // Returns whether any SSL certificate errors were encountered as a result of
  // the last page load.
  virtual bool DidLastPageLoadEncounterSSLErrors() const;

  // If this browsing session should not be persisted.
  virtual bool IsOffTheRecord() const;

  // Returns the PasswordManager associated with this client.
  virtual PasswordManager* GetPasswordManager();

  // Returns the AutofillManager for the main frame.
  virtual autofill::AutofillManager* GetAutofillManagerForMainFrame();

  // Returns the main frame URL.
  virtual const GURL& GetMainFrameURL() const;

  // Returns true if the UI for confirmation of update password is enabled.
  virtual bool IsUpdatePasswordUIEnabled() const;

  virtual const GURL& GetLastCommittedEntryURL() const = 0;

  // Use this to filter credentials before handling them in password manager.
  virtual const CredentialsFilter* GetStoreResultFilter() const = 0;

 private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(PasswordManagerClient);
};

}  // namespace password_manager

#endif  // COMPONENTS_PASSWORD_MANAGER_CORE_BROWSER_PASSWORD_MANAGER_CLIENT_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
RAJI
Rajiv Malhotra
Rajiv Malhotra Explained
Birth Date: 1950 9, df=yes
Birth Place: New Delhi, India
Alma Mater: St. Stephen's College, Delhi
Genre: Religion and science, civilizations
Notableworks: Being Different (2011),
Breaking India (2011),
Indra's Net (2014),
The Battle for Sanskrit (2016),
Academic Hinduphobia (2016)
Residence: United States
Rajiv Malhotra (born 15 September 1950) is an Indian-American author who, after a career in the computer and telecom industries, took early retirement in 1995 to found the Infinity Foundation, which focuses on Indic studies, and also funds projects such as Columbia University's project to translate the Tibetan Buddhist Tengyur.
Apart from the foundation, Malhotra promotes a non-western view on "Indic" cultures, mainly Hinduism. Malhotra has written prolifically in opposition to the academic study of Indian culture and society originating in Europe and the United States, especially the study of Hinduism as it is conducted by scholars and university faculty of the West, which he maintains denigrates the tradition and undermines the interests of India "by encouraging the paradigms that oppose its unity and integrity".
Malhotra studied physics at St. Stephen's College, Delhi and computer science at Syracuse University before becoming an entrepreneur in the information technology and media industries.[1] [2] He took early retirement in 1994 at an age of 44, to establish the Infinity Foundation at Princeton, New Jersey in 1995. Besides directing that foundation,[3] he also chairs the board of governors of the Center for Indic Studies at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, and advises various organisations. American Indologist Yvette Rosser, responding to current political trends in American journalism, describes Malhotra's stance toward Hinduism "as that of a 'non-Hindutva Hindu'".
Malhotra had been a speaker at an international conference held over the Center for Indic Studies, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth and was a board member of the Foundation for Indic Philosophy and Culture at the Claremont Colleges.[4] He also wrote extensively on internet discussion groups and ezines.
Infinity Foundation
Malhotra founded the institute in 1995; followed by Educational Council of Indic Traditions (ECIT) in 2000.[5] The foundation works without any full time workers; sans Malhotra himself. The stated goals were to fight a perceived misrepresentation of ancient Indian religions and to document the contributions of India to world civilization. None of the members of the advisory board was an academic and most belonged to the software industry.
The Foundation has given more than 400 grants for research, education and community work and has provided small grants to major universities in support of programs including a visiting professorship in Indic studies at Harvard University, Yoga and Hindi classes at Rutgers University, the research and teaching of non-dualistic philosophies at University of Hawaii, Global Renaissance Institute and a Center for Buddhist studies at Columbia University, a program in religion and science at University of California, an endowment for the Center for Advanced Study of India at University of Pennsylvania, and lectures at the Center for Consciousness Studies at University of Arizona. The foundation has provided funding for journals like Education about Asia and International Journal of Hindu Studies and for the establishment of the Mahatma Gandhi Center for Global Non-violence at James Madison University.
While the foundation's own materials describe its purposes in terms of education and philanthropy, scholars of Hinduism and South Asia see it largely as an organization committed to the "surveillance of the Academy," and a senior U.S. scholar of Hinduism, Columbia University's Dr. Jack Hawley, has published a refutation of the foundation's characteristic charges against the study of Hinduism in North America.[6]
Criticism of American academia (2000s)
Wendy's Child Syndrome
See also: Invading the Sacred.
In early 2000s Malhotra started writing articles criticising Wendy Doniger and related scholars, claiming that she applied Freudian psycho-analysis to aspects of Indian culture.[7] His 2002 blog titled Wendy's Child Syndrome[8] was considered as the starting point of a "rift between some Western Hinduism scholars [...] and some conservative Hindus in India, the United States, and elsewhere". Martha Nussbaum has called it a "war" by "the Hindu right" against American scholars.
The blog "has become a pivotal treatise in a recent rift between some Western Hinduism scholars—many of whom teach or have studied at Chicago—and some conservative Hindus in India, the United States, and elsewhere." Malhotra concluded in his blog: "Rights of individual scholars must be balanced against rights of cultures and communities they portray, especially minorities that often face intimidation. Scholars should criticize but not define another's religion."
According to Braverman, "Though Malhotra's academic targets say he has some valid discussion points, they also argue that his rhetoric taps into the rightward trend and attempts to silence unorthodox, especially Western, views."
The essay, together with a series of related essays and interviews, has been republished in Academic Hinduphobia, in the wake of the withdrawal of Doniger's from the Indian market, due to a lawsuit "alleging that it was biased and insulting to Hindus."[9] The withdrawal led to extensive media attention, and renewed sales in India. According to Malhotra "the drama has diverted attention away from the substantive errors in her scholarship to be really about being an issue of censorship by radical Hindus," hence the republication of his critique of Wendy Doniger and scholars related to her.
American academia
In his 2003 blog Does South Asian Studies Undermine India? at Rediff India Abroad: India as it happens, Malhotra criticises what he views as uncritical funding of South Asian Studies by Indian-American donors.[10] According to Malhotra:
Malhotra voices four criticisms of American academia:
"American academia is dominated by a Eurocentric perspective that views western culture as being the font of world civilisation and refuses to acknowledge the contributions of non-western societies such as India to European culture and technique".
The academic study of religion in the United States is based on the model of the "Abrahamic" traditions; this model is not applicable to Hinduism.
Western scholars focus on the "sensationalist, negative attributes of religion and present it in a demeaning way that shows a lack of respect for the sentiments of the practitioners of the religion".
South Asian Studies programmes in the United States create "a false identity and unity" between India and its Muslim neighbour states, and undermine India "by focusing on its internal cleavages and problems".
Malhotra argues that American scholarship has undermined India "by encouraging the paradigms that oppose its unity and integrity", with scholars playing critical roles, often under the garb of 'human rights' in channelling foreign intellectual and material support to exacerbate India's internal cleavages. According to Malhotra, Indian-American donors were "hoodwinked" into thinking that they were supporting India through their monetary contributions to such programmes. Malhotra compares the defence of Indian interests with corporate brand management, distrusting the loyalties of Indian scholars:
According to Malhotra, a positive stance on India has been under-represented in American academia, due to programmes being staffed by Westerners, their "Indian-American Sepoys" and Indian Americans wanting to be white — whom he disparages as "career opportunists" and "Uncle Toms" [11] who "in their desire to become even marginal members of the Western Grand Narrative sneer at Indian culture in the same manner as colonialists once did."[11] Malhotra has accused academia of abetting the "Talibanisation" of India, which would also lead to the radicalisation of other Asian countries.
U-turn theory
According to Malhotra, the Western appropriation of Indic ideas and knowledge systems has a long history. According to Malhotra, in what he calls "the U-Turn Theory", the appropriation occurs in several stages:[12] [13]
In the first stage, a Westerner approaches an Indian guru or tradition with extreme deference, and acquires the knowledge as a sincere disciple.
Once the transfer of knowledge is complete, the former disciple, or/and his/her followers progressively erase all traces of the original source, repackage the ideas as their own thought, and may even proceed to denigrate the source tradition.
In the final stage, the ideas are exported back to India by the former disciple and/or his followers for consumption. Malhotra cites numerous examples to support this theory, dating from the erasure of Upanishadic and Vijnanavada Buddhist influences on Plotinus to the modern day reimportation of Christian yoga into India.
Another example is William James and his The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902), Aldous Huxley and his The Perennial Philosophy (1945), and the works of Ken Wilber, all of which he claims to have been influenced by Vivekananda. Malhotra questions why his influence remains unacknowledged and uncredited in much Western thought.
Academic Hinduphobia: A Critique of Wendy Doniger's Erotic School of Indology (early 2000s/2016)
Several of Malhotra's essays from the early 2000s were re-published by Voice of India in 2016 in Academic Hinduphobia: A Critique of Wendy Doniger's Erotic School of Indology.[14] According to Malhotra, the essays have been republished in the wake of the withdrawal of Doniger's from the Indian market, due to a lawsuit "alleging that it was biased and insulting to Hindus." The withdrawal led to extensive media attention, and renewed sales in India. According to Malhotra "the drama has diverted attention away from the substantive errors in her scholarship to be really about being an issue of censorship by radical Hindus," hence the republication of his critique of Wendy Doniger and scholars related to her.
Breaking India (2011)
See main article: Breaking India.
Malhotra's book Breaking India: Western Interventions in Dravidian and Dalit Faultlines discusses three faultlines trying to destabilise India:
Islamic radicalism linked with Pakistan.
Maoists and Marxist radicals supported by China via intermediaries such as Nepal.
Dravidian and Dalit identity separatism being fostered by the West in the name of human rights.
This book goes into greater depth on the third: the role of US and European churches, academics, think-tanks, foundations, government and human rights groups in fostering separation of the identities of Dravidian and Dalit communities from the rest of India.[15]
According to Malhotra:
Being Different (2011)
See main article: Being Different.
Being Different is a critique of the western-centric view on India, characterised by the Abrahamic traditions. Malhotra intends to give an Indian view on India and the west, as characterised by the Indian Dharmic traditions. Malhotra argues that there are irreconcilable differences between Dharmic traditions and Abrahamic religions. The term dharma:
According to Malhotra, Abrahamic religions are history-centric in that their fundamental beliefs are sourced from history – that God revealed his message through a special prophet and that the message is secured in scriptures. This special access to God is available only to these intermediaries or prophets and not to any other human beings. History-centric Abrahamic religions claim that we can resolve the human condition only by following the lineage of prophets arising from the Middle East. All other teachings and practices are required to get reconciled with this special and peculiar history. By contrast, the dharmic traditions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism—do not rely on history in the same absolutist and exclusive way.[16]
According to Malhotra, Dharmic traditions claim an endless stream of enlightened living spiritual masters, each said to have realised the ultimate truth while alive on this earth, and hence, able to teach this truth to others. Unlike in the case of Dharmic traditions, the great teachers of Abrahamic traditions are not living models of embodied enlightenment. Instead, Abrahamic teachers proclaim the truth based on historical texts. The consequences of these divergent systems are at the heart of Dharmic-Abrahamic distinctions. Dharmic flexibility has made fundamental pluralism possible, which cannot occur within the constraints of historicentrism.[17]
According to Malhotra, both Western and Dharmic civilisations have cherished unity as an ideal, but with a different emphasis. Malhotra posits a distinction between a "synthetic unity" that gave rise to a static intellectual worldview in the west, positioning itself as universal, and an "integral unity" that gave rise to a dynamic worldview based on the notion of Dharma. While the former is characterised by a top-down essentialism embracing everything a priori, the latter is said to be a bottom-up approach acknowledging the dependent co-origination of alternative views of the human and the divine, the body and the mind, and the self and society.
Indra's Net (2014)
See main article: Indra's Net: Defending Hinduism's Philosophical Unity.
Indra's Net is an appeal against the thesis of neo-Hinduism and a defense of Vivekananda's view of Yoga and Vedanta. The book argues for a unity, coherence, and continuity of the Yogic and Vedantic traditions of Hinduism and Hindu philosophy. It makes proposals for defending Hinduism from what the author considers to be unjust attacks from scholars, misguided public intellectuals, and hostile religious polemicists.
The book's central metaphor is "Indra's Net". As a scriptural image "Indra's Net" was first mentioned in the Atharva Veda (c. 1000 BCE). In Buddhist philosophy, Indra's Net served as a metaphor in the Avatamsaka Sutra and was further developed by Huayen Buddhism to portray the interconnectedness of everything in the universe.Malhotra employs the metaphor of Indra's Net to express
The book uses Indra's Net as a metaphor for the understanding of the universe as a web of connections and interdependences, an understanding which Malhotra wants to revive as the foundation for Vedic cosmology, a perspective that he asserts has "always been implicit" in the outlook of the ordinary Hindu.
A revised edition was published in 2016, after charges of plagiarism. The revised edition omits most references to the work of Andrew J. Nicholson but rather refers original Sanskrit sources instead which according to Malhotra, Nicholson failed to attribute his ideas to and explains that the unity of Hinduism is inherent in the tradition from the times of its Vedic origins.[18]
The Battle for Sanskrit (2016)
See main article: Battle for Sanskrit: Dead or Alive, Oppressive or Liberating, Political or Sacred?.
The Battle for Sanskrit is a critique of the American indologist Sheldon Pollock. Malhotra pleads for traditional Indian scholars to write responses to Pollock's views, who takes a critical stance toward the role of Sanskrit in traditional views on Indian society. Malhotra is critical of Pollock's approach, and argues that western Indology scholars are deliberately intervening in Indian societies by offering analyses of Sanskrit texts which would be rejected by "the traditional Indian experts." He also finds western scholars too prescriptive, that is, being "political activists" that want to prescribe a specific way of life.
The inducement for this book was the prospect of Sringeri Peetham, the monastery founded by Adi Shankara in south India, collaborating with Columbia University to set up an "Adi Shankara Chair" for Hindu religion and philosophy, sponsored by an Indian donor. The instalment committee for the chair was to be headed by Sheldon Pollock, whom Malhotra regards as an erudite scholar but also as one who undermines the traditional understanding. Malhotra contacted the lead donor to voice his concerns, which were not shared by the donor. Nevertheless, Malhotra fears "the issue of potential conflict when the occupant of the chair takes positions that undermine the very tradition that has backed and funded the chair." According to Malhotra,
The `network of trust' created by the book is said to have caused 132 academics from India to sign a petition asking for the removal of Sheldon Pollock from the editorship of the Murty Classical Library of India.[19]
Scholars have widely recognized that Malhotra has been influential in sparking widespread dissatisfaction with the Western world's scholarly study of Hinduism. John Hinnells, a British scholar of comparative religions, considers Malhotra to lead a faction of Hindu criticism of methodology for the examination of Hinduism. Prema A. Kurien considers Malhotra to be at "the forefront of American Hindu effort to challenge the Eurocentricism in the academia."
Other scholars welcome his attempt to challenge the western assumptions in the study of India and South Asia but also question his approach, finding it to be neglecting the differences within the various Indian traditions. In response, Malhotra points out that he does not state that all those traditions are essentially the same, that there is no effort to homogenise different Dharmic traditions, but that they share the assertion of integral unity.
In October 2018 Rajiv Malhotra was appointed as honorary visiting professor at centre for media studies at JNU, Delhi[20] . On 6th November he delivered his first lecture organized by the School of Sanskrit and Indic studies on the topic of Sanskrit non-translateables [21] .
Martha Nussbaum criticises Malhotra for "disregard for the usual canons of argument and scholarship, a postmodern power play in the guise of defense of tradition.". Brian K. Pennington has called his work "ahistorical" and "a pastiche of widely accepted and overly simplified conclusions borrowed from the academy." Pennington has further charged that Malhotra systematically misrepresents the relationship between Hinduism and Christianity, arguing that in Malhotra's hands, "Christian and Indic traditions are reduced to mere cartoons of themselves." According to Jonathan Edelmann, one of the major problems with Malhotra's work is that he does not have a school of thought that he represents or is trained in. This fact undermines his claims to be engaged in purvapaksa debate. Purvapaksa debate requires location in a particular place of argument.
In May 2015, St. Olaf College Hindu-American scholar Anantanand Rambachan, who studied three years with Swami Dayananda, published an extensive response to Malhotra's criticisms in Indra's Net charging that Malhotra's "descriptions of my scholarship belong appropriately to the realm of fiction and are disconnected from reality." According to Rambachan, Malhotra's understanding and representation of classical Advaita is incorrect, attributing doctrines to Shankara and Swami Dayananda which are rejected by them.[22] Malhotra's epistemological foundations have also been critically questioned by Anantanand Rambachan. He does not, according to Rambachan, situate his discussion in relation to classical epistemologies or clarify his differences with these.
Allegations of plagiarism
In July 2015, Richard Fox Young of Princeton Theological Seminary[23] and Andrew J.Nicholson who authored Unifying Hinduism, alleged Malhotra had plagiarized Unifying Hinduism in Indra's Net. Nicholson further said that Malhotra not only had plagiarised his book, but also " twists the words and arguments of respectable scholars to suit his own ends." Permanent Black, publisher of Nicholson's Unifying Hinduism, stated that they would welcome HarperCollins' "willingness to rectify future editions" of Indra's Net.[24]
In response to Nicholson, Malhotra stated "I used your work with explicit references 30 times in Indra's Net, hence there was no ill-intention," and cited a list of these references.[25] He announced that he would be eliminating all references to Nicholson and further explained: According to Malhotra, he removed all references of Nicholson in chapter 8 of Indra's Net, replacing them with references to the original Indian sources.[26]
Rajiv Malhotra (2011), Breaking India: Western Interventions in Dravidian and Dalit Faultlines (publisher: Amaryllis;)
Rajiv Malhotra (2011), Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism (publisher: HarperCollins India;)
Rajiv Malhotra (2014), Indra's Net: Defending Hinduism's Philosophical Unity (publisher: HarperCollins India;)
Rajiv Malhotra (2016), Battle for Sanskrit: Dead or Alive, Oppressive or Liberating, Political or Sacred? (publisher: Harper Collins India;)
Rajiv Malhotra (2016), Academic Hinduphobia: A Critique of Wendy Doniger's Erotic School of Indology (publisher: Voice of India;)
Rajiv Malhotra regularly speaks at Indian and international fora, universities and events. Many of his videos are available on YouTube and the Infinity Foundation website.
Book: Malhotra, Rajiv . Globalization, pre modern India . Nagendra Rao . Daya Books . 2005 . India and Globalization.
Malhotra . Rajiv . 2007 . The axis of neo-colonialism . World Affairs . 11 . 3 . 0971-8052 .
Book: Malhotra, Rajiv . The Challenge of Eurocentrism: Global Perspectives, Policy, and Prospects . Rajani Kannepalli Kanth . American Exceptionalism and the Myth of the Frontiers . Palgrave Macmillan . 2009 . 978-0-230-61227-3.
Key online writings
Rajiv Malhotra (2016), Rajiv Malhotra Explains The Challenges Of Understanding Sheldon Pollock
Antonio de Nicolas, Krishnan Ramaswamy, and Aditi Banerjee (eds.) (2007), Invading the Sacred: An Analysis Of Hinduism Studies In America (publisher: Rupa & Co.)
François Gautier
Kali's Child
Anantanand Rambachan
Bengali Renaissance
Neo-Vedanta
Anti-Hinduism
Invading the Sacred
Printed sources
Book: Mittal, Sushil . Gene R. Thursby . 2006 . Religions of South Asia: an introduction . Routledge.
Book: Nussbaum, Martha C. . 2009 . The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future . 25 May 2013 . Harvard University Press . 978-0-674-03059-6.
Shrinivas . Tilak . 2012 . Differing Worldviews (Western and Dharmic) in Rajiv Malhotra's Being Different . . 16 . 3 . 287–310 . 10.1007/s11407-012-9130-2 . 1022-4556.
Book: Peter Wilberg . April 2008 . Heidegger, Phenomenology and Indian Thought . 22 January 2012 . New Gnosis Publications . 978-1-904519-08-9.
Web-sources
Book: Adluri . Vishwa . Bagchee . Joydeep . The Nay Science: A History of German Indology. 2014 . 978-0199931361 . 26 July 2019.
Book: Juluri . Vamsee . Hinduism and its culture wars . 2014 . Westland . 26 July 2019.
Book: Juluri . Vamsee . Rearming Hinduism: Nature, Hinduphobia, and the Return of Indian Intelligence Vamsee Juluri - Google Search . Westland . 242 . 26 July 2019.
Malhotra's criticisms
Book: Nicholson . Andrew J. . Unifying Hinduism: philosophy and identity in Indian intellectual history . 2014 . . New York . 9780231149877., (266 pages), paperback
rajivmalhotra.com
The Infinity Foundation
Huffington Post – Blog by Rajiv Malhotra
Jeffrey J. Kipal, The Tantric Truth of the Matter. A Forthright Response to Rajiv Malhotra
Pragatya - Magazine of Indic Ideas and Culture
Braverman. Amy M.. December 2004. The interpretation of gods. University of Chicago Magazine. 97. 2.
Web site: Rajiv Malhotra. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc.. 31 January 2012.
Web site: Infinity Foundation . yes . https://web.archive.org/web/20131217004737/http://infinityfoundation.com/index.shtml . 17 December 2013 . dmy-all.
Book: Campbell, James T. . Race, Nation, and Empire in American History . Guterl . Matthew Pratt . Lee . Robert G. . 2007 . University of North Carolina Press . 9780807831274 . en.
Book: Kurien, Prema A. . A Place at the Multicultural Table: The Development of an American Hinduism . 2007 . Rutgers University Press . 9780813540566 . en.
Web site: Course Challenges | Religion.
http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0412/features/ Amy M. Braverman (2004), The interpretation of gods. Do leading religious scholars err in their analysis of Hindu texts? The University of Chicago Magazine
http://rajivmalhotra.com/library/articles/risa-lila-1-wendys-child-syndrome/ Rajiv Malhotra (2002), RISA Lila – 1: Wendy's Child Syndrome
rajivmalhotra.com, Academic Hinduphobia
http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/dec/08rajiv.htm Rajiv Malhotra (2003), Does South Asian Studies Undermine India?
Web site: America Must Re-discover India . www.rediff.com . 2016-09-14.
http://beingdifferentbook.com/iit-mumbai-april-1-2013/ "Are Indians buying back their own ideas from the West?" lecture at IIT Mumbai, 1 April 2013
http://beingdifferentbook.com/u-turn-theory-lady-sri-ram/ Lecture on U-Turn Theory: How the West Appropriates Indian Culture at Lady Sri Ram College, Delhi, 26 August 2006
http://www.breakingindia.com/ Rajiv Malhotra (2011), Breaking India: Western Interventions in Dravidian and Dalit Faultlines"
Web site: Dharma and the new Pope . 2013-02-25.
http://rajivmalhotra.com/books/indras-net/changes-chapter-8/ Revised chapter 8
Nikita Puri, Murty Classical Library: Project interrupted, Business Standard, 12 March 2016. See also the full input of Rajiv Malhotra to the journalist.
Web site: CMS Faculty . www.jnu.ac.in . en . 2019-02-20.
Web site: SS&IS organises a lecture by Shri Rajiv Malhotra . jnu.ac.in . en . 2019-02-20.
"Untangling the False Knots in Rajiv Malhotra's 'Indra's Net,' http://swarajyamag.com/culture/untangling-the-false-knots-in-rajiv-malhotras-indras-net/
News: FP Staff . Historian Richard Fox Young accuses writer Rajeev Malhotra of plagiarism . 13 July 2015 . . . 7 July 2015.
http://permanent-black.blogspot.nl/2015/07/unifying-hinduism-statements-from.html Unifying Hinduism: Statements from the Author and from the Publisher
http://swarajyamag.com/culture/nicholsons-untruths/ Nicholson's Untruths
Web site: Changes to Chapter 8 - Indra's Net . Indra's Net . 2016-04-15.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Rajiv Malhotra".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Access Institute for Psychological Services
Sheryl Lee Ralph
From bringing characters to life on screen, performing on Broadway, producing, becoming a bestselling author, and touching lives across the world through her philanthropy, Emmy Winner, Golden Globe nominee, Critics Choice nominee, Tony Award nominee, NAACP Image Award nominee and Independent Spirit Award winner Sheryl Lee Ralph has become a staple in the entertainment industry, with an acclaimed career spanning over three decades.
Sheryl is well known for creating the role of Deena Jones in the legendary Broadway musical "Dreamgirls" which launched her career in 1981 earning her Best Actress nods for Tony and Drama Desk Awards. She has stared in multiple film, television and theater productions. Sheryl can currently be seen starring on ABC's smash hit, comedy series "Abbott Elementary" which follows a group of teachers brought together in a Philadelphia public school simply because they love teaching. The show earned a total of seven Emmy nominations from the Television Academy for its freshman season, including Outstanding Comedy Series, with Sheryl winning Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She also landed the Golden Globe nomination for Best Performance By An Actress In A Supporting Role In A Musical-Comedy Or Drama Television Series.
Sheryl is a passionate health and mental advocate and honored AIDS activist. She has opened up about her personal struggles with depression and has worked to highlight the health disparities that disproportionally impact Black Americans. Sheryl is the founding director of the DIVA (Divinely Inspired Victoriously Anointed) Foundation. She also created the critically acclaimed Divas Simply Singing! an evening of song and entertainment that is the longest consecutive running musical AIDS benefit in the country.
Vincent J. Hughes
As a key member of the Democratic leadership team in the Pennsylvania Senate, Senator Hughes has been a champion on major policy issues such as expanding healthcare for low-income workers, raising the minimum wage, defending the right to vote, fighting for increased funding for public education, and rebuilding PA's distressed communities. As Democratic Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, Senator Hughes also plays a major role in developing Pennsylvania's annual budget of over $30 billion and guiding the state's spending priorities.
Senator Hughes was a leader in the fight for the full implementation of the Affordable Care Act in Pennsylvania. The centerpiece and final part of this struggle was the successful implementation of Medicaid Expansion, which is providing health insurance to over 500,000 low income working people who previously could not afford to purchase coverage on their own. He has been recognized both locally and nationally for his work on HIV/AIDS, as well as his efforts to raise awareness on the challenges of mental and behavioral health in the African American community.
Hosted By: Access Institute for Psychological Services


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Notes in the Margins: Profs' phones, campus conservatives, food waste
Alex Friedrich August 31, 2010, 11:05 AM Aug 31, 2010
Profs get smartphones, so students can call them As a professor, how do you get dropout-prone college students to stay in school? Give them your cellphone number. How do you get professors to promptly field text messages, calls and e-mails from students? A Georgia college says buy them smartphones and pay for the service plan. (USA Today)
Who's 'Really Ready' for college? Retired Marquette dean gives advice Robert Neuman shares strategies to help middle school and high school students avoid common problems in prepping for college. (USA Today)
Are campus conservatives really an oppressed minority? Research presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association affirmed that many conservative students thrive on the very campuses that tend to be portrayed as hostile to them. (USA Today)
Rochester mostly caters to 'elderly visitors to Mayo' A writer in the Rochester Post-Bulletin appreciates the recent Washington Monthly profile of the University of Minnesota – Rochester, but thinks it uses hyperbole and includes some odd details.(postbulletin.typepad.com)
The tunnels are coming to WSU More than a year and a half after Winona State University announced plans to build two pedestrian tunnels under the Canadian Pacific rail line near the main campus, work is slated to begin this week. (Winona Daily News)
Waste Not at Bethel University Bethel student Nick Voss was shocked about the amount of food waste on a typical campus, so he began to fight it. (bethel.edu)
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Alex Friedrich
afriedrich@mpr.org
Alex Friedrich reports on higher education issues for MPR News. Among the stories he has covered: the fall of the Berlin Wall, aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, collapse of the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, 2003 Moscow suicide bombing and 2004 presidential elections in the Republic of Georgia. He holds a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Georgia and a master's in European political economy from the London School of Economics.
"MPR is an important part of my commitment toward maintaining a healthy lifestyle." —Elizabeth from St. Paul, MN


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Jean Ratelle's Number 19 to Be Retired on February 25, 2018
Becomes ninth Ranger to have his number retired by the organization
by New York Rangers @NYRangers / NYRangers.com
New York Rangers President Glen Sather announced today that the organization will retire jersey No. 19 in honor of Rangers great Jean Ratelle in an on-ice ceremony prior to the Rangers' game against the Detroit Red Wings on Sunday, February 25, 2018 as part of Jean Ratelle Night presented by Chase.
"Jean Ratelle is truly one of the greatest players to have ever played for the New York Rangers," Sather said. "Few players have demonstrated the class, dignity, and gracefulness that Jean possessed throughout his career, both on and off the ice. I had the good fortune to call Jean a teammate with the Rangers, I am proud to still call Jean a friend, and I am honored to announce that he will take his rightful place in the rafters of Madison Square Garden."
Ratelle played parts of 16 seasons with the Rangers (1960-61 - 1975-76), registering 336 goals and 481 assists for 817 points, along with a plus-167 rating in 861 games. He ranks second on the Rangers' all-time goals list, ranks third on the franchise's all-time assists list and all-time points list, and ranks sixth in career games played with the Blueshirts. Ratelle and Rod Gilbert are the only players who rank third or higher on the Rangers' all-time lists for goals, assists, and points. In addition, Ratelle is one of only five players in franchise history who played in parts of 16 or more seasons with the Rangers (along with Gilbert, Harry Howell, Brian Leetch, and Ron Greschner).
During his tenure with the Rangers, Ratelle was the recipient of the team's Most Valuable Player Award twice (1971-72 and 1972-73), the Players' Player Award five times (1967-68, 1968-69, 1969-70, 1970-71, 1974-75), and the Frank Boucher Trophy as the team's most popular player on and off the ice (as selected by the Rangers Fan Club) twice (1971-72 and 1972-73). He ranked 10th or higher in the NHL in goals three times (1967-68, 1971-72, 1972-73), assists three times (1967-68, 1969-70, 1971-72), and points five times (1967-68, 1968-69, 1969-70, 1971-72, 1972-73) during his Rangers tenure. He also registered 30 or more goals in more seasons than any other player in franchise history (six). Ratelle recorded the final goal at the 'Old Garden' (MSG III) in a 3-3 tie against Detroit on February 11, 1968, and he took the first faceoff for the Rangers at the current MSG (MSG IV) on February 18, 1968 against Philadelphia.
Ratelle was the center on the Rangers' famous Goal-A-Game Line (G-A-G Line) with left wing Vic Hadfield and right wing Rod Gilbert. During the 1971-72 season, Ratelle, Hadfield, and Gilbert ranked third, fourth, and fifth, respectively, in the NHL in points during the regular season. Ratelle tallied 109 points (46 goals, 63 assists) and posted a plus-61 rating in 63 games during the 1971-72 season, becoming the first Ranger to tally 100 points in a season (along with Hadfield) and establishing a single-season franchise record for points. Ratelle received the Lester B. Pearson Award (since renamed the Ted Lindsay Award) as the NHL's Most Outstanding Player as selected by the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA) in 1971-72, as well as the Lady Byng Trophy for being the player "adjudged to have exhibited the best type of sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct combined with a high standard of playing ability."
Ratelle played in parts of 21 NHL seasons with the Rangers and Bruins, registering 491 goals and 776 assists for 1,267 points, along with a plus-295 rating in 1,280 games. A five-time NHL All-Star, Ratelle was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985, and in 2017, he was named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players. Ratelle is the only player in NHL history who tallied at least 1,200 career points while amassing fewer than 300 career penalty minutes. Ratelle received the Lady Byng Trophy twice in his NHL career (1971-72 and 1975-76), and he also received the Bill Masterton Trophy, awarded annually to the player who "best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship, and dedication to hockey," in 1970-71.
Ratelle will join Rod Gilbert (7), Ed Giacomin (1), Mike Richter (35), Mark Messier (11), Brian Leetch (2), Adam Graves (9), Andy Bathgate (9), and Harry Howell (3) as the only Rangers whose jersey numbers have been retired by the organization. Gilbert was the first Ranger to have his number retired on Oct. 14, 1979, and was joined by Giacomin's No. 1 on Mar. 15, 1989, Richter's No. 35 on Feb. 4, 2004, Messier's No. 11 on Jan. 12, 2006, Leetch's No. 2 on Jan. 24, 2008, Graves' No. 9 on Feb. 3, 2009, and most recently, Bathgate's No. 9 and Howell's No. 3 on Feb. 22, 2009. In addition, Ratelle's jersey number will be among nine New York Knickerbockers that have been remembered in the ceiling of The World's Most Famous Arena. Former Knicks players Walt Frazier (10), Dick Barnett (12), Earl Monroe (15), Dick McGuire (15), Willis Reed (19), Dave DeBusschere (22), Bill Bradley (24), and most recently Patrick Ewing (33) have all had their numbers honored by the team, along with Hall-of-Fame coach Red Holzman (613).
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In a blog dated 07 March, Crypto.com announced that Kasim Zorlu has joined its leadership team as Senior Vice President, Head of Growth.
The blog introduced the Hong Kong-based Crypto.com as a pioneering payment and cryptocurrency platform. Kasim Zorlu was the former executive at Rovio Entertainment, a Finnish game development company.
The blog explained that this development comes as a forerunner to the company's imminent launch in the US and Europe later this year. Crypto.com expressed that it has rapidly expanded its suite of services for consumers and businesses in the previous year.
Kris expressed much enthusiasm to welcome Kasim to the team and looked forward to exciting accomplishments. This is the right set of credentials for a veteran like Kasim who has spent around 15 years in the media industry on various marketing-related roles.
Kasim reciprocating to this warm gesture expressed his eagerness to apply his experience of user behavior to foster better engagement of digital products. He also conveyed that he would endeavor to secure more users and expand the suite of Crypto.com's products. Kasim noted that his valuable experience comes from having worked in the competitive and dynamic gaming industry.
The blog continued that prior to joining Crypto.com, Kasim was Vice President of Performance Marketing at Rovio. Rovio is a company well known for creating Angry Birds and Bad Piggies. Kasim had previously spent over 11 years at leading online gaming companies building customer acquisition and retention teams.
The blog also highlighted Kasim's expertise in scaling user bases and bringing incremental revenue growth. The write up acknowledged that Kasim is a recognized innovative leader in the areas of data-driven user acquisition, engagement and retention. Kasim had also held stints at companies like Gram Games and Bee Square Games.


DVD/ Lord of Rings fans...can you help me?
Discussion in 'The Lounge' started by BurlyShirley, Jan 5, 2008.
I am trying to buy my wife the Lord of the Rings Trilogy as her b-day/our anniversary is coming up. I know she would prefer the version that is both widescreen, hi def and contains all the available extras, interviews...all that crap.
I am sorting through different versions of how this trilogy has been released, and Im not much into DVDs or electronics or any of that.
I dont know what "Theatrical Extended" edition means. Does "Theatrical" mean widescreen?
...actually, could someone just point me to the most up to date comprehensive version of this set?
That set is the most recent. It has both the Theatrical and Extended Versions of all three films. Widescreen only. I have all the other versions and was thinking of buying this just so I can have the extended version of each film on one disc instead of two. The only drawback to this set might be that it won't have as many extras as the prior extended edition releases if she's really into all the fluff.
edit: "Also lost are the meager features included on the theatrical edition, plus the four commentary tracks, two discs of bonus features, and DTS 6.1 ES sound from the four-disc Extended Editions."
That would be enough for me to not have this as my only set. Plus the details on the set say you have to flip the disc to watch the whole movie. The only reason to buy this is for extra DVD for each movie that has a new documentary on it.
The extended versions really are the ultimate (thus far) in nerd-dom.
Yeah, see what i mean? Is the platinum one wide screen?
Does the theathrical set have all the extras possible?
I have this set and it has everything.
You do need to change the disc in each film cause they couldnt fit a whole extended (extended means extra footage) on one DVD.
I have that set and it has everything.
...but the reviews say it doesnt have alot of the commentary/extras?
Yes the platinum extended set is widescreen (never offered in P&S as far as I know). This set has 2 "extras" discs per movie and is the one to have if you like bonus features. The theatrical set has 1 bonus disc per movie. If she has to have as much bonus material as possible you'll need both sets. I think there are some things included in the theatrical bonus material that's not included in the extended. A real nerd should be able to tell you what exists on both. I don't know.
FYI I really like the extended versions of the films and don't watch the theatrical ones anymore.
...you know what I am going to do? Just show her this thread and make her decide. Thanks for the info.
Mine is a 12DVD Box.
Get the Platinum Extended Version. She'll be geeked out for days. Get her the theatrical set if you want to make an extra deposit in the love bank. The combined theatrical/extended set (in the OP) is NOT what you want if you want lots of extras.


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DeSantis/Nuñez Administration Schedule for Tuesday, April 13, 2021 Governor Ron DeSantis Announces Nearly $150 Million in Awards to Florida Communities for More Resilient Infrastructure
Governor Ron DeSantis Directs DEP To Develop Long-Term Closure Plan For Piney Point
Governor also commits $15.4 million for innovative technologies
Palmetto, Fla. – Today, Governor Ron DeSantis announced next steps in the state's response to the ongoing issues at Piney Point. The Governor is directing the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to develop a long-term plan to close the site.
Governor DeSantis was joined at the Piney Point facility in Manatee County by Senate President Wilton Simpson, Senator Jim Boyd, Representative Tommy Gregory, Representative Will Robinson, DEP Secretary Noah Valenstein and the entire Manatee County Board of County Commission.
"The longstanding problems at Piney Point must end," said Governor DeSantis. "I am directing the Florida Department of Environmental Protection to develop a plan to close Piney Point to ensure this never happens again. I am redirecting $15.4 million for innovative technologies to pre-treat water at the site."
DEP's team of engineers and scientists, who are critical to response efforts, will develop a plan for site closure, which moves the state forward with a science-focused and thoughtful approach. This plan will ensure this closure is the last chapter in the long history of Piney Point.
"I want to thank the Governor and Legislature for their leadership and support in closing this site once and for all," said DEP Secretary Noah Valenstein. "While we take this next critical step, our legal team will continue to fully investigate the incident here at Piney Point in order take any and all legal actions to ensure we hold HRK and any other actors fully accountable."
To assist DEP in ongoing restoration and mitigation efforts, Governor DeSantis also announced that he is redirecting $15.4 million from existing appropriations at DEP to be used for innovative technologies to pre-treat water at the site.
At today's event, Senate President Wilton Simpson expressed the Senate's support to supplement these immediate actions with future funding appropriations, starting with an estimated $100 million in the coming fiscal year.


Winter officially kicks off Dec. 22. Get ahead of the winter weather with Storm Team4, which has the latest weather info on all platforms.
Check out Storm Team4 on the web for the latest forecasts, live interactive radar, weather alerts and more.
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Raley wins City of Bainbridge essay contest about Hernando de Soto
The City of Bainbridge recently held an essay competition, where students were asked to write a 250-word essay on Hernando de Soto. They then submitted it before a panel of judges, who chose Breonna Raley as the winner.
Raley's winning essay details how de Soto sold all of his belongings to explore Florida and later Georgia, passing through Bainbridge.
Hernando's Early Life
Hernando de Soto [ her-nan-doh ] was born c. 1500 in Jerez de los
Caballeros,Spain. Everyone here was mainly poor, they suffered harshly to survive here in Badajoz,Spain. As a child de Soto's parents hoped he would become a Lawyer. However, de Soto told his father that he instead wanted to explore the West Indies. Growing up a patron named Pedro Arias Davila funded money to de Soto for the University of Salamanca.
Conquering Peru
In 1532, explorer Pizarro made de Soto second in command to conquer Peru. While exploring the highlands in 1533, Hernando de Soto stumbled upon a road leading to Cuzco, which is the capital of Peru's Empire. Cusco was a town, today it is located in Southern Peru. Hernando soon started a successful battle to capture Cuzco.
Exploring North America
De Soto was restless at his home. He heard people talking about the riches in Florida. He then sold all his things. De Soto took the money and with a crew 700 men and 10 ships went to explore America. De Soto first explored Florida, then Georgia, and then Alabama.(lt is said that de Soto may have passed through our city Bainbridge, Ga.) There were battles along the way with Indians, which included ambushes, and enslaving. The worst battle yet was in Alabama. After that in 1541, He then traveled more west where he and his crew discovered the Mississippi River. They carried on through Arkansas and Lousinana. They turned back to the Mississippi River in 1542. But, fever struck de Soto. His crew buried him in the
Mississippi River, in which he found. Today, de Soto is famous for being a spanish explorer, conquistador, and a discoverer of the large and long Mississippi River.
The City will host one more essay completion in the coming weeks for middle school students, where air pods will be given to the winner.
Wi-Fi, new supplies incoming for students
Superintendent Tim Cochran announced at Thursday's Board of Education meeting that the Decatur County School System had received a grant... read more


Skirt, long sleeve part best with connected collar, head piece. (BW562 Thigh Hi sold one by one.) Care instructions: Dry Clean Handiest At Fest Threads, we stock an in depth line of Halloween costumes for women and men featuring the freshest new styles in addition to your favorite Halloween classics. Whether or not you plan to decorate up as superhero or a vampire, we have now the costume you might be searching for! Fest Threads brings you fashion for each season and holiday including Halloween, Christmas, Mardi Gras, July Fourth, and the whole lot in between!
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Annick Orliange is a leading French graphic artist. A member of the famous Grapus group (1976-1980) her poster, logo and editorial design has been included in many international exhibitions and biennials. Banlieues Bleues is one of the biggest jazz festivals in the Paris area, running for over 20 years. This is the poster for the 1992 event.


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By Michael Weiss | December 7, 2012
Two professors from the Rosen College of Hospitality Management at the University of Central Florida are celebrating the launch of their new peer-reviewed publication, the Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, which aims to be the leading international journal for the study of tourist destinations. As the publication's co-editors, Dr. Alan Fyall and Dr. Youcheng Wang, along with Dr. Brian Garrod from Aberystwyth University, recently released their first issue (November 2012), with 144 pages of original research and insightful reviews.
Published by Elsevier, a world-leading provider of scientific, technical and medical information products and services, the Journal of Destination Marketing & Management provides a critical understanding of all aspects of destination marketing and management, as they are situated in their particular policy, planning, economic, geographical and historical contexts.
The journal will be of particular interest to those involved in the interdisciplinary approach of marketing and management, economic development and planning, geography, sociology, psychology, anthropology, retailing, policy making and public administration of tourist destinations.
"For academics to fully understand destinations, engagement with professionals in the field is critical to ensure that research is contemporary, relevant and of value to those making decisions and allocating funds for infrastructure, attractions and marketing campaigns," said Fyall. "It is for this reason that the Regional Spotlight feature of short, contemporary and critical opinion pieces from those very close to the workings of destinations, is such an important aspect of the new journal. It is thus hoped that our new journal will serve as a catalyst for both academics and professionals who are passionate about tourism destinations in advancing academic scrutiny and management expertise to the ultimate benefit of the visitor."
According to Fyall, destinations are arguably the single most important prerequisite for the continued success of the global tourism industry, and warrant serious and sustained academic scrutiny.
"The journal is a timely and significant contribution to an area of study which is relatively under-researched but important to scholars and professionals who are treating destinations as units of analysis in the context of tourism studies," said Wang. "We are committed to developing Journal of Destination Marketing & Management as the leading international journal for the study of tourism destinations."
Elsevier will offer free online access to the publication's content for the next 12 months, before switching to a paid subscription format. To access the Journal of Destination Marketing & Management online, visit www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/2212571X.
More About Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Disney Aspire Graduate Plans to Continue Education at UCF
How to Create Tasty, Healthy Meals on a College Budget
More About Business & Economy
College of Business' 21st Annual Hall of Fame to Take Place Feb. 13
Longest Economic Expansion in U.S. History Will Continue, Predicts UCF Economist
40 Years After Graduating, Business Alum Still Inspired to Give Back
Rosen College of Hospitality Management Hospitality Management Tourism Youcheng Wang Alan Fyall


Fully updated for SharePoint 2013, this book is an ideal starting place for SharePoint development. Covering all the major topics that a new developer needs to know in order to get started, this resource contains 100 percent new content and addresses the major overhaul to the SharePoint 2013 platform. The team of authors, led by Microsoft's Steve Fox, presents you with a detailed overview that helps you establish a starting point for development. They then walk you through ways to advance your knowledge so that you leverage the new SharePoint 2013 features to build custom solutions.
Touching on everything from developing applications using Office services to development workflow applications, Beginning SharePoint 2013 Development covers everything you need to know to start confidently working with the platform today.


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Texas Association of School Personnel Administrators
About TASPA
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Holly has been with TASB Legal Services since 2002. She has primary responsibility for development of the TASB model employment contracts and is the lead author of TASB Legal Services' Guide to Educator Contracts and TASB Legal Services' Guide to Superintendent Contracts. In addition, Holly is the co-editor (with Senior Attorney Mark Tilley) of the legal reference material in the Policy Reference Manual. Holly has authored a number of papers and articles regarding employment issues impacting school districts. She is a frequent speaker on topics relating to employment law and employee benefits, including federal leave laws, wage and hour laws, and Affordable Care Act compliance for school districts.
Holly attended Bryn Mawr College in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, and The University of Texas at Austin, graduating in 1986. She received her law degree with honors from The University of Texas at Austin in 1990.
After law school, Holly clerked for Chief Justice Jimmy Carroll of the Third Court of Appeals of Texas. From 1991 to 2002, she was in private practice with Wells Pinckney & McHugh and Thompson & Knight, both in Austin, specializing in labor and employment law.
Holly is a member of the School Law and Labor and Employment Law sections of the State Bar of Texas and has been board certified in Labor and Employment Law by the Texas Board for Legal Specialization since 1996. She is also a member of the Texas Council of School Attorneys and the National Council of School Attorneys. Holly is an avid swimmer and enjoys gourmet cooking and international travel.
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Recently Hawaii experienced it's worst honey bee die-off since the survey began seven years ago. It's estimated that a total of 38% of Hawaii honey bee colonies collapsed according to the latest 2015-2016 annual survey by the Bee Informed Partnership. California honeybee loss was at almost 40%. Highest honey bee loss in the entire US was in Mississippi at over 71%!
This is a sharp rise in honey bee die-offs from the previous survey year. In 2014-2015 only 14% Hawaii bee colonies experienced collapse. That year Hawaii had least die-offs in the entire US. We wrote about it because it was significant and very positive news. But, unfortunately things changed for the worse very quickly.
For the first time in US history bees were added to the Endangered Species list. Seven species of yellow-faced bees native to Hawaii were added to the Endangered Species Act in 2016. Although, this protection came right after the recent 38% honeybee die-off, it took the Xerces Society almost a decade to convince the government to protect these Hawaiian bee species.
The million dollar question is: "What caused a 2.7 time increase in Hawaiian honey bee deaths in just one year?" Indeed, there are numerous factors that can hurt the bees: pollution, toxic agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, loss of habitat due to development, as well as biological enemies such ants, mites, and viruses like varroa and nosema.
One less-talked-about potential bee-killer is Geoengineering. Geoengineering is also known as Weather Modification – a form of climate control practiced all over the world, including Hawaii. It's ironic that the scientific community often dismisses it as "chemtrails conspiracy theory," while on the other hand it promotes it as areal atmospheric spraying and cloud seeding.
For example, NASA admits using atmospheric "tracers" containing aluminum, lithium, barium and other particles. Lithium is also used in batteries and as an anti-psychotic drug. Aluminum is a neurotoxin with strong links to Alzheimer's and nerve damage. Aluminum is also toxic to plants. Barium is toxic, as well.
Another example is straight from Harvard University. In 2018 Harvard scientists are planning to spray an aerosol into the stratosphere to reflect the Sun's heat to combat global warming. These researchers want to test several undisclosed materials. However, from our own research aluminum oxide particles are one of the main ingredients used for this purpose due to their reflectivity and low weight.
Considering all of the above causes behind bee deaths it is our conclusion that it is not a single cause, but rather a combination of above causes responsible for collapses in bee populations.
Fake Substitutes Instead of Real Solutions?
Tech companies and researchers are rushing to capitalize on the sharp decline in bees and other pollinators. After all, humanity and plants' lives have depended on real living pollinators for thousands and millions of years, respectively. Why not replace them with artificial robots.
So now, instead of finding real solutions, some are quick to offer fake substitutes in the form of robot bees. or Autonomous Flying Robots is not science-fiction, they are tiny insect-like-drones developed by Harvard University.
It's ironic that Harvard is also behind the proposed 2018 geoengineering experiment (mentioned above), which could harm real bees with aluminum oxide aerosol. There are other similar bee-robot developments taking place around the world, including Japan.
Live the Organic Life. As much as possible, buy organic food, naturally derived household and personal care products. Organic farming specifically prohibits the use of bee-killing neonicotinoid pesticides and many other agricultural chemicals that are harmful to the bees and other beneficial insects, such as the Monarch butterflies. In addition, conventional, non-organic agricultural chemicals wreak havoc on our own health through toxic residues in food. So it's a win-win for the bees and for our own health when we buy organic.
Start an organic garden. Turn that plain-old boring lawn into a mini-biosphere where bees can thrive. Bees need flowers to pollinate. Grow bee-friendly plants. Where there are no flowers, there's no sustenance for the bees. In addition, your family can harvest healthy, ultra-fresh organic produce without having to go to the grocery store every time. Organic gardening is very grounding and a great way to connect to nature, while making a difference for the bee community.
Awareness and sharing. Keep it simple. Share this knowledge with everyone and anyone. If everyone on Earth followed the first two steps outlined above the whole world would change and transform into a welcoming habitat for the bees and other beneficial pollinators. The whole world would heal and become harmonious once again.
The following photos are from our visit to an organic honeybee farm on the Big Island in 2016.