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Posts Tagged 'LHC'
Higher Civilization: Ideas Rule
Gandhi was asked once what he thought about Western Civilization. He quipped:"It would be a good idea." Hilarious. However, what Western civilization was became a rather uncivilized debate in 1914. What the engine of civilization is a better question. It is an idea easier to pin down. I propose:
What's the ultimate idea generating the most civilization? That ideas should rule more than the rest.
The crazy Frenchman, Franky Zapata has now perfected the "Flyboard Air" (losing fingers in the process, as the turbines develop together 1,000 horsepower).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAy9A3LLu4I
Some will sneer that flying has little to do with the advancement of thinking, but that would be erroneous. Such a flying machine requires great advances in energy density, miniaturization, and electronic control.
Franky Zapata's Preceding Invention
Ideas are technology dependent, and that development, in turn, is economically dependent. Telescopes were initially developed in the Netherlands to scrutinize ships from further afield (with all sorts of military and economic consequences). Then Galileo got the idea to turn one towards the Moon, or Jupiter. It is unlikely that Galileo was the first to do so, but he was the first to describe it "scientifically" what he saw. Galileo was a university professor, so he had to talk about what he saw, and was taken seriously. But that does not mean he was the true originator.
One often hears that the US invented everything, but that's only true when one forgets that others invented the same things earlier. Thus, actually, Alzheimer helps for becoming a great inventor, in one's mind. (Claiming the superiority of some famous Anglo-Saxon thinkers is actually part of an exploitative mood, started with the "West Country Men", Locke, Hume, etc.)
Inventions such as the first plane, transistor, and CPU happened in France of all places, not the USA (but they are attributed to the USA, just as Poincare's ideas are attributed to Einstein). As the case of HIV (a virus discovered in Marseilles), when there are huge economic and political advantages at stake, the US president is given a Nobel Prize: prizes and power follow where the money is, and, ultimately, that's where fracking works… The research leader of the HIV discovery never got the Nobel Prize (although a student of his did).
Franky Zapata has already invented these crazy water jet machines on which people stand and make acrobatics above water. More than 3,000 have been sold, worldwide. He The French military and various security and rescue services have expressed interest.
Ideas are technology dependent, and that, in turn, is economically dependent. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) just turned on again. LHC rests in winter, because electricity is too expensive then. Starting now, days are long in France (which is at the latitude of southern Canada), and French nuclear plants churn out cheap electricity. The LHC's mighty radiation festers 100 meters below the French countryside, and nobody has complained yet that the worms were getting irradiated. Naively, physicist expressed their hope to find Dark Matter in the present run. There is five times more Dark Matter, at least, than Standard Model Matter.
For more French craziness one can consult: Highliners Versus Flysuit. Modern wingsuits were developed in France (the initial modern inventor died skydiving in Hawai'i; a century ago, a wingflier launched himself from the Eiffel Tower. He succumbed from a heart attack).
We are experiencing the richest times, ever, the mind has ever known. An example is the fighting which is developing with NASA's future space telescope, WFIRST. WFIRST is a modernized Kepler telescope. Since the rough outline of the mission was launched, with a cost of 2.3 billion dollars, more than 5,000 planets were found. Not just that, but a flurry of questions. It is tempting to have those questions answered.
And moods are developing: first, why don't we look if some of these planets are similar to Earth, complete with oceans and dinosaurs? Well, it turns out that now WFIRST could not block the main star light as well as it could have. Could we fix that? Yes, by floating a specially designed screen which would float far from the telescope, and whose artful geometry would prevent light to go around it (that can be done, with sharp petals interfering with light just so).
So should WFIRST be completed by a Star Shade? That's another billion or so.
Poets of the trashy kind will say: enough of your planets, go live there if you can! Let's go back to our landfills, help the poor, and worship the enemies of civilization! However, another mood is rising, deep down, and secretive: what if studying Earth-like planets would reveal new dangers ready to ambush Earth's civilization? What if exo-paleontology could be a lifesaver?
Indeed. New ideas and new moods bring new, higher morality. Those who see in the Moon a message direct from god will find much easier to find a message direct from god to justify killing those they perceive as their enemies. Don't laugh: Islamist authorities determine when the new moon happens (and of course they differ, an interesting conflict based on the refutation of the science of astronomy!)
In related news, the French Republic is threatening to withdraw from the TTIP (Trans Atlantic Infamous Plutocratic) negotiations:"Europe gives a lot, and receives very little in exchange". French president Hollande observes: "We will never accept questioning essential principles for our agriculture, our culture and for the reciprocity of access to public [procurement] markets… At this stage [of talks] France says 'No.'"
When ideas rule, and new ideas are born, so does craziness. At least from the point of view of the old logic. Once shown a new theory to explain Quantum Mechanics, what I call a Sub Quantum Physics, Niels Bohr sneered:"It's not crazy enough!"
New ideas come with their own logic. Even when they are born from the old logic, it's only if the help of much craziness. So we should welcome innovative craziness. Nearly all great discoveries started as fun and games.
Much of the stalling between what the future was imagined to be, eighty years ago (flying cars, etc.) has to do with the lack of innovation in miniaturized, ultra-efficient energy. So welcome to the Flyboard Air!
Tags:Discoveries, Flying Air Board, LHC, Technological progress, Zapata
Posted in Systems Of Moods, Technology | 2 Comments »
Philosophia Naturalis I
Philosophy is what inquiring minds have to do when we don't know for sure, and before we know for sure. The latter is called science (OK, sometimes we have to revise our opinions drastically, as new axioms supersede the old ones).
I have sharply differed with professor Strassler in the past (he wrote at some point that physics was strictly defined by equations, and I sharply debunked that myth: it is obviously not even the case of mathematics; to his honor, he published my brutal objection).
My position, same as Archimedes, Newton or Descartes, is that philosophy comes first. When a dashing scientific advance does not require new philosophy, it means it's not that deep.
New Physics Principles Are Always Born From Philosophy
I have my own possible insights to propose in physics, but before I get there, let Matt Strassler expose the problem. I have done so myself in similar terms, but it's refreshing to read a top professional do it so well, and to the point.
In a magnificent essay, "What if the Large Hadron Collider Finds Nothing Else?", wonderfully philosophical, for a professional physicist, Mr. Strassler ponders how future science is guessed by exploring how we established our beliefs. That's my kind of science:
"What will it mean, for the 100 TeV collider project and more generally, if the LHC, having made possible the discovery of the Higgs particle, provides us with no more clues?…
Before we go any further, let's keep in mind that we already know that the Standard Model isn't all there is to nature. The Standard Model does not provide a consistent theory of gravity, nor does it explain neutrino masses, dark matter or "dark energy" (also known as the cosmological constant). Moreover, many of its features are just things we have to accept without explanation, such as the strengths of the forces, the existence of "three generations" (i.e., that there are two heavier cousins of the electron, two for the up quark and two for the down quark), the values of the masses of the various particles, etc. However, even though the Standard Model has its limitations, it is possible that everything that can actually be measured at the LHC — which cannot measure neutrino masses or directly observe dark matter or dark energy — will be well-described by the Standard Model. What if this is the case?
Michelson and Morley, and What They Discovered
In science, giving strong evidence that something isn't there can be as important as discovering something that is there — and it's often harder to do, because you have to thoroughly exclude all possibilities. [It's very hard to show that your lost keys are nowhere in the house — you have to convince yourself that you looked everywhere.] A famous example is the case of Albert Michelson, in his two experiments (one in 1881, a second with Edward Morley in 1887) trying to detect the "ether wind".
Light had been shown to be a wave in the 1800s; and like all waves known at the time, it was assumed to be a wave in something material, just as sound waves are waves in air, and ocean waves are waves in water. This material was termed the "luminiferous ether". As we can detect our motion through air or through water in various ways, it seemed that it should be possible to detect our motion through the ether, specifically by looking for the possibility that light traveling in different directions travels at slightly different speeds. This is what Michelson and Morley were trying to do: detect the movement of the Earth through the luminiferous ether.
Both of Michelson's measurements failed to detect any ether wind, and did so expertly and convincingly. And for the convincing method that he invented — an experimental device called an interferometer, which had many other uses too — Michelson won the Nobel Prize in 1907. Meanwhile the failure to detect the ether drove both FitzGerald and Lorentz to consider radical new ideas about how matter might be deformed as it moves through the ether."
So far so good. Then Strassler deviates from reality with a bout of Einstein religion (attributing Relativity to Einstein, because the real discoverer was French)
It's Poincare' who invented and named the "Principle of Relativity", and insisted that Lorentz get the Nobel for the Lorentz transformation-Poincare' Group; the only reason Poincare' did not get the physics Nobel for Relativity is that he died in 1911: no Nobel was given for Relativity, as a result: it could not be given for the parrot because he parroted!
It's not just a question of anti-French hatred, or scientific priority, but of logical causality (thus Poincare' versus Einstein is a scientific problem of the most subtle type!).
Strassler: "In Michelson's case, the failure to discover the ether was itself a discovery, recognized only in retrospect: a discovery that the ether did not exist. (Or, if you'd like to say that it does exist, which some people do, then what was discovered is that the ether is utterly unlike any normal material substance in which waves are observed; no matter how fast or in what direction you are moving relative to me, both of us are at rest relative to the ether.) So one must not be too quick to assume that a lack of discovery is actually a step backwards; it may actually be a huge step forward."
After he published the proof of E = mcc in 1900, Poincare' pondered a lot about the part in parenthesis above. So did I. My conclusion? Particles create space, that's why they are always at rest relative to it. (This is a glimpse to a possible future explanation, I do not claim it's obvious.)
Strassler: "Epicycles or a Revolution?
There were various attempts to make sense of Michelson and Morley's experiment.
Some interpretations involved tweaks of the notion of the ether. Tweaks of this type, in which some original idea (here, the ether) is retained, but adjusted somehow to explain the data, are often referred to as "epicycles" by scientists. (This is analogous to the way an epicycle was used by Ptolemy to explain the complex motions of the planets in the sky, in order to retain an earth-centered universe; the sun-centered solar system requires no such epicycles.) A tweak of this sort could have been the right direction to explain Michelson and Morley's data, but as it turned out, it was not. Instead, the non-detection of the ether wind required something more dramatic — for it turned out that waves of light, though at first glance very similar to other types of waves, were in fact extraordinarily different. There simply was no ether wind for Michelson and Morley to detect.
If the LHC discovers nothing beyond the Standard Model, we will face what I see as a similar mystery. "
The reason why Ptolemy could get away with epicycles is that any periodic motion can be decomposed in a sum of circular motions. The mathematician Fourier, born in Grenoble, proved this, and used it to solve a lot of things.
Notice that the problem with Ptolemy was philosophical implausibility: the Greeks knew that the Sun was very far (say more than 30 million kilometers). Thus the Sun had to be enormous.
Sitiing on their bottoms, Greeks astronomers could have been asked the following question: "Hey guys, do you think it's more likely that something as enormous as the Sun turns around tiny Earth once a day, at an enormous speed, or that the Earth rotates around itself, once a day, and around Sol, at a much more sedate way?"
Of course the latter.
To get an even stronger feeling that way, one had to have a feeling for inertia, which Buridan, contradicting Aristotle, discovered around 1320 CE. This is exactly the reasoning Buridan made when he published his heliocentric theory (misattributed to Copernic, because Buridan was French, and the Church mighty).
Amusingly a mathematician, Steward, published a list of "the 17 equations that changed the world". He shows his ugly pro-plutocratic face, by mentioning an equation about the pricing of derivatives in the financial markets, as one of the 17.
Steward claims Newton found two of the 17 equations. The first one, the definition of a derivative, was found by Fermat (a Frenchman, thus incapable of science). The second one, that of the gravitational force was, according to Isaac Newton himself, discovered by another Frenchman (Newton wrote this under oath, in his fight about that equation, with Hooke… a physicist still famous for the elastic force law).
Mr. Steward forgot, among his equations, to mention the Quantum equation: E = hf (Planck-Einstein-De Broglie). There is more money in flattering hedge fund managers, than in remembering Quantum Physics.
In the next essay, why Matt Strassler feels one needs to think out of the box, and I will roll out my own type of experiments to keep on pushing, until we get a different worldview. Whereas nobody can be sure about the Standard Model approach giving birth to something interesting, I will explain my proposed approach is guaranteed to be fruitful (at least at some point).
Tags:Epicycles, LHC, Michelson-Morley, Ptolemy, Relativity, Standard Model
Posted in Energy Physics, Philosophy of Quantum mechanics, Physics | 7 Comments »
Finance Worth: CERN, Not Pluto
CERN, the Centre Europeen de Recherche Nucleaire, one of Europe's greatest successes, proposes to make a new collider, the Future Circular Collider, with a circumference of up to 100 kilometers. The present largest accelerator at CERN, the Large Hadron Collider, or LHC, is 27 kilometers around (at a depth of up to 175 meters, to shield from radiation). The new machine would use the existing particle injectors (worth billions of dollars). It would be mostly south of the present one, mostly under France.
One aim? Searching for Dark Matter. Dark Matter seems to constitute about 25% of the mass-energy in the universe. Most of the rest is "Dark Energy". The physics some claimed to understand, the TOE, the grotesquely named Theory Of Everything, including the much ballyhooed "Higgs" are only about the remaining 4%. Never, ever, has physics being in such a crisis: it has no idea what 96% of the universe even looks like!
LHC & Proposed FCC Lurk Mostly Below France
The loud mouth celebrity physicists, explain everything with their nothing theories. "Big Bang" theorists create universes out of nothing. Yet, they had not seen Dark Matter coming, nor, a fortiori guess it could exist. Dark Matter is, so far, a purely astronomical discovery. "Theories Of everything" bang everything big time, but only within the 4%.
At least I have a theory for Dark Matter… But it is in a completely different explanatory universe: it goes back to the Foundations of Quantum Physics, and it asks: What if? What if Quantum Theory was incomplete? What would be the simplest way in which it would be completed?
This is how Dirac invented Quantum Field Theory and predicted both spin and antimatter. Dirac started from the general Quantum Principle of De Broglie: all and any particle is associated to a wave. De Broglie has also came up with the idea that said wave ought to be compatible, somehow, with Special Relativity.
A Zoo Of Pre-Existing Accelerators Inject Into LHC
Special Relativity is the Poincare'-Lorentz theory of a mechanic compatible with electromagnetism (which was splendidly abstracted by Albert Einstein a bit later). Dirac guessed an equation for the electron that was relativistic. There was already such an equation ("Klein-Gordon"), but it was a second order Partial Differential Equation ("PDE"), and, for reasons I forgot, it was not satisfying. Dirac got the bizarre idea of taking the square root of the equation, so to speak.
A reason is that the most general wave equation is actually simply a First Order PDE. So Dirac wrote his guess. There was just a problem: it lived in a four dimensional space one had never seen before. That was spin space. So guessing the equation led to guessing the space… a space were spin was natural.
Then Dirac invented an even weirder space, full of some stuff, with holes therein, of opposite charge. At some point it was guessed one could view these holes as anti-electrons, and it was much simpler that way, philosophically speaking.
It was completely unexpected triumph: spin and antimatter were soon discovered, as predicted by Dirac's equation. Philosophically speaking, the big idea extended further (Huyghens-)De Broglie's big idea, that waves with frequencies determined by Energy-Momentum were what nature was all about.
It was also the inception of Quantum Field Theory. The next big idea there, at least big idea that I understand, was renormalization. That was also a far-fetched idea, a non-linear feedback of the Field (whatever the Field was) on particle creation, modifying the Field.
(To this day what this all these computations really mean is hotly debated: the philosophy in power was called "shut-up and calculate"… even if it's not clear what it is one calculates!)
There have been many proposals to "explain" Dark Matter. One of the most spectacular is "Supersymmetry" ("SUSY"). That postulates a symmetry between bosons and fermions. So all the bosons and fermions we know would have a "supersymmetric" partner. As there are lots of bosons, SUSY would create a lot of mass, a lot of Dark Matter.
LHC found no evidence of SUSY. However, SUSY solves neatly other difficulties in QFT (Quantum Field Theory), so even if the giant successor to LHC found no SUSY, SUSY believers would still believe (and they said as much already).
That is, except if someone comes up with a completely unexpected, completely shattering explanation. And the proof thereof, like Dark Energy and Dark Matter, could come from astronomy. So build those giant telescopes!
Some will object about the colossal spending (at least 20 billion Euros for the FCC). But it's only new science and the new tech it will produce and necessitate, that will avoid the incoming catastrophe and feed the mouths.
The LHC is the largest, most powerful superconducting machine in the world. That led to progress in basic superconducting tech (including safety mechanisms, as the energies involved are huge)
Those who ask to curb spending in science and the futuristic tech enabling it are not just idiots, they are accomplices of the world's greatest criminals, those who defend the party of obscurantism (like BHL).
Governments and the clueless who vote for them have entrusted, in recent decades, the so called "bankers", who are, in volume of stolen goods the greatest criminals ever. And this will go on as long as the ring leader banksters don't do very hard time, after seeing their assets and properties confiscated as is done for drug dealers (drug dealers are a subset of the banksters community, as banks launder drug cash).
In the very latest scandal, revealed today, most of the world's largest banks manipulated foreign currency exchanges. If you had told that to the New York Times a year ago, it would have censored the comment (and he did). Krugman, that big leftist, at least from the Wall Street's point of view, was all for "Quantitative Easing". What's that? Sending banksters ever more money, they will save civilization. No wonder Krugman is fat: he probably eats too much caviar.
Yet, don't be afraid for the banksters, and their caviar stores: this latest massive, multitrillion dollar heist, is not going to send them to jail. Their boy is in the White House, Oblabla his name, feels all self-important, especially when he golfs with, or serves, banksters. The thrill of it.
What can people do? Well, ask for more money, for science and education, pointing out that, whereas Obama and his Republican Congress give their co-conspirator Elon Musk $7,500 each time Musk sells a coal-electric car, the Tesla Model S, they suggested to cut Thermonuclear Fusion research… months after inertial confinement fusion has achieved break-even.
How did the Allies win in World War Two? Because they had more advanced science and technology (radar, more advanced computers and computer scientists/code breakers, more advanced practical plane tech, such as self-sealing tanks, and electronics for proximity fuse inside artillery shells, resisting to 20,000 gs).
Now we can see living corpses of old time fascism: Juan Carlos of Spain, head of a corrupt family put in place by the guy, Franco, that Hitler, Mussolini and USA plutocrats had put in place.
is another living skeleton, inaugurating the most expensive Olympic games, ever, exactly where the last great battle of the Caucasus happened, 150 years ago.
For those who don't know, Putin led a war that killed 150,000, officially, in Chechnya (said war was started with 5 mysterious hugely lethal bombings of apartment buildings, never elucidated, in the late 1990s… probably the work of Mr. Putin's KGB). Putin had the Olympic torch carried by famous warriors of the war against Georgia, a few years ago. The region of Georgia annexed by Putin starts 15 kilometers from Sochi. War games or Olympic games? The answer is obvious.
To displace Pluto, we have to displace Pluto's activities. Spending in physics means indulging in the Enlightenment. If we do not do this, economic activity will happen nevertheless. Somewhere else, less productive. Pluto will find servants, and it's his activities, not the activities conducive to the Enlightenment, that will dominate.
The Enlightenment is a curious thing. When strong, it dominates. Even those who reject it.
The present president of Algeria, Bouteflika, long a top general, is original FNL stock. The FNL conducted an enraged, hyper cruel war against France, to "free" Algeria (15% of the population succeeded to flee when it was "freed"). OK, I am not denying that (part of) the French government had started (some of) it. It's besides the subject.
In recent years, Bouteflika has been sick. What did he do? Get the world's best, most enlightened medical care he could find. He spent months at the Val De Grace, a military hospital, next to Paris. Yes, French military, exactly the fiend the FNL fought like crazy for 10 years or so, now a friend.
So the Enlightenment can win. But it has to be fed. Fund CERN.
Tags:Banksters, CERN, Choices, Dark matter, De Broglie, Dirac, Financing, Future Circular Collider, LHC, Pluto
Posted in civilization., Corruption, Plutocracy | 11 Comments »


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HistorySpin: Stephen Decatur, American Bad Ass - Part 2
StuartScottsEye
Holy shit! Remember this guy? It's crazy how life can get in the way of writing stupid pieces about dudes that no one cares about for free on the internet. Anyway, I said this would be three parts, so here is part two. Look for the next one sometime shortly after we have colonized Mars. If you need a refresher, here is part one.
What's so great about Decatur's life is that if you were to break it into three parts, you would realize that part one has a perfect ending point. And, because I'm an idiot, it's the story I'm about to tell to kick off part two. So, sit back, relax, and let's talk about this crazy asshole just a little bit more.
First Barbary War - Part 2
So it's August 1804. The fact that Decatur is hard as fuck is kind of starting to get around. Since the burning of the Philadelphia, Decatur has been promoted to Captain. He was 25 at the time - the youngest dude ever to hold that rank in the US Navy.
Anyway, Edward Preble is in command of the fleet off of Tripoli, and he decides it's time to kick their asses once and for all and plans an assault on Tripoli harbor. He breaks his fleet in two divisions, with Decatur in command of one of them.
The fighting is insane. Three solid hours of ship-to-ship combat. Bombs going off, cannons firing, ships' masts and rigging falling all over the damn place. During the fighting, Decatur and his crew board a Tripolitan ship and take control of it after an intense hand-to-hand battle. As Decatur and his crew are celebrating this small victory within the larger battle, a small American boat approaches their gunboat.
The news is heavy. James Decatur, Stephen's brother, has just been killed. He and his crew were straight hoodwinked. They boarded a boat full of Tripolitans that had waved the white flag of surrender. But, as they boarded, they were cut to pieces.
Decatur, being the guy that he is, loses his god damn mind. He leaves his prize ship in command of someone else and takes his ship out hunting for the dude who killed his brother. Eventually, he finds them. His crew is outnumbered five to one, but they board anyway, fighting hand-to-hand. Decatur finds the ship's captain and they have a straight up sword fight. The stories of the battle would have you believe the guy is basically a giant. During the fight, another Tripolitan swings his sword at Decatur's head, but a young member of Decatur's crew dives in front of him and takes a sword to the dome in order to save Decatur's life. The Tripolitan gets the upper hand in the fight and they roll around on the deck of the ship. Just as the Tripolitan captain is about to stab Decatur in the heart, Decatur is able to pull out his pistol and blast the dude in the chest, killing him instantly. Pretty sweet revenge.
Anyway, blablabla, the First Barbary War ends, who cares what happens. Decatur is given command of the USS Constitution for a little while just after all this happens. And that's pretty fucking cool.
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Alright, this is weird, even for me. Decatur isn't even involved in this. But it almost started the War of 1812 five years early, and is important because it's the reason Decatur's going to die in fifteen years. It's a long story that probably deserves its own post. But, I'm lazy, so here's the short version of the short version.
Some important facts: (1) being in the British Navy sucked pretty hard; (2) people wanted out; (3) the Brits claimed they had a right to search basically any ship they wanted to find "British citizens" that had deserted and impress them into the British Navy.
Also during this time, the Brits are fighting Napoleon. They're blockading Chesapeake Bay because two French warships are chilling there. Some dudes deserted a British ship and were thought to have joined the American Navy.
So, James Barron is in command of the Chesapeake and sails out of Norfolk, Virginia. Remember, Barron commanded the first ship Decatur ever served on. He was Decatur's mentor for years. Anyway, the ship is a damn disaster. Shit is everywhere all over the deck, the crew isn't trained, it ain't in fighting shape. When he heads out, he's hailed by the Leopard. The Captain of the Leopard sends his Lieutenant over with a search warrant saying he wants to find the British dudes he thinks are on the ship. Barron ain't having that, and says he won't let the ship be searched.
The Leopard's Lieutenant heads back to his ship. Barron tries to get his crew to quarters and get ready for battle because he thinks something might be up, but the ship isn't ready for fighting, the guns aren't loaded. As the Lieutenant gets back to the Leopard, the Leopard just blasts the shit out of the Chesapeake with a couple of broadsides. It's mayhem on board the Chesapeake. Masts are coming down, splinters are flying everywhere, 18 people are wounded. The crew of the Chesapeake only manages to fire one gun before pathetically striking its colors and surrendering.
This is a MASSIVE embarrassment for the U.S. It's a huge ass scandal. So, here's why it's important: Decatur sat on the board of James Barron's court martial. He talked all kinds of shit on Barron, most of it deserved. Barron was suspended from the Navy for five years. This is one of the major causes of the War of 1812. It's more interesting than this dumb summary makes it seem. I promise.
The War of 1812 was 50/50 for Decatur. While in command of the USS United States, he captured the British frigate Macedonian. This is fucking AWESOME in the history of US Naval warfare. Someday maybe I'll write a post about the Naval War of 1812 - or you could just read Teddy Roosevelt's book of the same title and learn about it.
Then he got blockaded in for most of the rest of the war. He also lost the USS President, a sister ship to the Constitution, but probably better in every way, and the fastest frigate in the US fleet at the time. Unfortunately, Decatur was seriously outgunned in the battle and his only options were strike his colors or have his whole crew killed. Kind of a bummer, but no one was too mad at him about it. So, the War of 1812 ends. No one knows who won. If you have an opinion, leave it in the comments below, but only if your opinion is that America won.
Second Barbary War
The Algerians, Tunisians, and Tripolitans start acting a damn fool again after the War of 1812 ends (it ended in 1815 in case you're some kind of god damn moron). So two squadrons are dispatched to kick their asses. Decatur is in command of one, William Bainbridge is in command of the other. Decatur's squadron leaves first.
While Decatur is on his way over there, his ship meets up with the Algerian frigate Mashouda. Decatur and crew kick those dumb Algerians' asses. He takes the ship and 400 prisoners. He goes to Algeria and basically forces them to give in to everything the US wants. Then he does the same thing in Tunis and Tripoli. He is a damn hero because he basically negotiated treaties to end the War without any kind of crazy ass fighting.
Bainbridge, who outranks Decatur, shows up in all these places with his squadron and realizes that Decatur has beaten him there and basically stolen all the glory that was supposed to be his. He is PISSED.
Five years later, Stephen Decatur gets killed in a duel. Maybe there's a massive conspiracy involving Bainbridge and other high-ranking Navy types. Maybe there's not. I'll tell you next time.
Hey, here's Part 3!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Thousands of small and medium sized businesses are the mainstay of the UK economy. The Enterprise Group of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales in their report, Barriers to Growth, claim these small companies encounter more problems than do their French or German counterparts. The survey places businesses into size categories, and though each category had problems which were graded differently, common denominators were found.
Credit information is essential for businesses wishing to remain profitable and competitive. Various credit information agencies hold substantial data on most commercial organisations, including partnerships and sole traders, plus information on private citizens. Credit information can be used for debt recovery, fraud prevention, credit assessment and to ascertain the credit worthiness of potential new customers.


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Pasícrates de Soli (Pasicrates, ) fou un príncep o rei de Soli a Xipre, un dels que es van sotmetre a Alexandre el Gran i que va anar en persona a trobar al rei macedoni a Tir el 331 aC. En aquest encontre va prendre part en els festivals que es van celebrar amb gran magnificència.

El seu fill Nicocles va acompanyar al rei en la seva campanya asiàtica. El va succeir Eunost probablement abans del 315 aC.

Reis de Xipre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Kickflips and protests: This DMV-based skate collective values inclusivity
Daryl Perry
(Photo courtesy of Lydia Embry)
Hannah Bauer always wanted to get into board sports. However, they played volleyball their entire life up through college, which impacted their body to the point where they thought they wouldn't be able to play another sport. But in 2017, Bauer bought their first skateboard and now skates 6-foot ramps and teaches other skaters how to do tricks.
Being from the Midwest, they said skating isn't big there. But that didn't stop Bauer. It took them two years to learn to balance on the board, they said, and currently, they are the co-founder and one of the co-leaders of DMV-based skate collective, Flo DMV.
"Flo DMV is a safe space that celebrates individualism while connecting skaters through community, and it's a safe space for LGBT community," Bauer said, adding that the group is also for anyone who "defines themselves as a marginalized skater."
"It's a space for them to come skate and connect with other people because, beyond skating, it's been a wonderful place for people to connect with other people that they identify with," they said.
[The Diamondback's summer rewind: The best songs of the season]
Bauer moved to Washington, D.C., in 2018 and said if they couldn't find a skating group they wanted to join, they would make their own. Other skate collectives inspired Bauer to start Flo DMV in November 2019.
Flo DMV has rotating leaders, which Bauer said is common in collectives. It's a "passion project" done in people's spare time, they said. There's little money involved — it's all for the love of the sport.
The collective welcomes skaters of all ages, though most of its skaters are in their 20s. Moms have skated with their daughters at events, which is one of Bauer's favorite moments to see.
"It's definitely always more targeted towards women, trans skaters, queer skaters, nonbinary skaters," Bauer said.
This emphasis on creating a space for these underrepresented groups is integral to the collective. Bauer said "there's a level of intimidation" felt when skating in male-dominated skate parks.
"There's a never-ending rhetoric of 'Oh, do you need help? Can I give you some advice?' Just the unwelcoming words from a male skater thinking that you need help because you're not a male skater," they added.
Another co-leader of the collective, Tracy Ennesser, said her experience when going to skate parks is that men can be "territorial," and it's hard to practice and fall in front of them unless you have a lot of confidence.
Ennesser is from San Diego and everyone there gets involved in skateboarding at a young age, she said. She skated throughout her adolescence, but not seriously until she moved to Washington, D.C. She went through a breakup and was "refinding" herself when she decided to skate seriously.
One day, Ennesser joined her best friend's skate session, where she said something clicked for her. The next day she decided that skating was going to be the activity to "fill the void" and at 23 years old, bought a board, which she named "Dr. Trixie Wheels."
After skating for about two years, Ennesser wanted to be a part of a community. She started out in Flo DMV as a member in late 2019 and Bauer asked her to step into leadership in September 2020. Soon after getting hit by a car — which put her out of skating for a while — Ennesser did five months of physical therapy before getting ACL surgery this past March.
"Skateboarding was my sanctuary. It was always my safe space, and especially through the pandemic when there was so much uncertainty and alone time and being afraid, that was an outdoor sport where I wasn't afraid," she said.
Becoming a co-leader following her injury was a silver lining, Ennesser said, because it was valuable for her to be a part of this community in a different way, and she would be able to learn more.
The collective held socially distanced events in the summer of 2020, but stopped in the fall of that year because the pandemic was getting worse and they didn't want anyone to get sick, Ennesser said. This year, they've had a few events, such as Group Skate and Go Skate Day.
People have connected through the group's Instagram account, getting inspiration from seeing other skaters do tricks, Bauer said.
The collective's Instagram presence has helped them share their message of inclusion and what they stand for, such as taking part in protests or sharing mutual aid fundraisers and organizations. Now, Ennesser said, she wants to figure out how the group can connect with people who aren't on social media, such as parents representing their children.
This emphasis on community and connection to other skaters is paramount to Flo DMV.
"I can say from personal experience that I've always enjoyed skating, had more fun and learned new tricks when I was skating with female, trans, queer skaters more because we just have a different outlook on skating," Bauer said.
[College Park band T.M.M. reflects on the journey to their third album]
Jazper Taur, a skater and leader for the nonprofit organization Black Girls Skate, highly values this aspect of the collective. Like others, they found the group through Instagram and went to an event. Their first event was the group's Pride Group Skate, where they learned how to drop in from Bauer. Taur said Bauer is a great teacher.
"Even though I was very scared about dropping in, Hannah really created an environment that made it very comfortable to just take that leap and try," they said.
Taur grew up in skate culture around Washington, D.C., and was nervous to get started in skating because of unwelcoming skaters in their neighborhood. Flo DMV's friendly and intimate atmosphere makes it easy for beginners to ask for help and get support, they said.
Taur started skating around three years ago after they got viral meningitis, which was almost fatal.
"I always wanted to skate. I've already almost died at this point, what can skating do to me that life hasn't already done?" they said.
After having to relearn how to walk twice, skating was the only alternative Taur had as transportation to their wheelchair since walking caused them pain.
"My relationship with skating is very special to me because I'm chronically ill and I do have to watch what I do a lot," they said. "But through skating and being there for myself, it's helped me regain trust with my body, and properly support it through its healing process."
Taur also appreciates how "nontraditional skaters" — underrepresented groups and those who aren't in Thrasher or other magazines — are getting recognition from groups like Flo DMV.
"I really believe that as long as you enjoy skating you belong in skating," they said. "It doesn't matter what kind of skating you do. As long as you count yourself as part of the squad you're in."
local collective
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Monica Godnick


Meet our 'Valence Team Around the Family' and keep up to date with our Health and Safety advice and documents.
Valence Team Around the Family: We are here to help and support the families of Valence Primary School. Please do not hesitate to contact us or ask at the office for an appointment. We aim to offer support and advice as well as signpost other helpful agencies regarding a wide range of topics including Child Protection, Domestic Violence, Substance Abuse, Financial difficulties, Housing, Punctuality and Attendance.
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Childlines info and tips will help you understand these things and get support if you're worried, visit their 'Worries About the World' area to find out more https://www.childline.org.uk/info-advice/your-feelings/anxiety-stress-panic/worries-about-the-world/ (opens in new window).
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The Bright Sky app is available on the App Store and Google Play.
Visit our e-Safety page for lots of helpful advice and tools you can use to help keep your child safe whenever and wherever they go online. The links below are also a great starting point for expanding your confidence and knowledge in keeping your child safe online.


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Plaza Norte 2 är ett stort shoppingcenter som ligger i San Sebastián de los Reyes i Madrid. Det ligger i det stora affärsområdet Megapark, tillsammans med kedjor som IKEA, Carrefour och Media Markt, på ett avstånd av ungefär 18 kilometer längs A-1  från Madrid. Det kallas också för "Kupolen i Madrid" (Cúpola de Madrid). Det har två våningar och rymmer över 200 butiker (bland annat kläder, heminredning och smycken) och 25 restauranger och 14 biografer.

Konstruktion
Projektet genomfördes av ett arkitektföretag i London, Chapman Taylor Partners.

Av byggnadens inredning, luftig och mycket utsmyckad, märks inflytandet från sextonhundratalets Venedig. Lampor i venetiansk stil, obelisker täckta med lapis lazuli, malakit, onyx och porfyr, skivor av marmor etc.

Byggnaden har en yta av 147 920 m². Det mest slående och mest spektakulära av hela komplexet är den gigantiska kupolen, 35 meter hög, i mitten kroppen av byggnaden, som sammanfogar byggnadens fyra skepp.

Drift
Köpcentret drivs av SCCE (Sociedad de Centros Comerciales de España)

Teknisk information
Byggd area: 2 147 920 m2
Uthyrd yta (brutto): 51 557 m2
Galleria inkl tekniska anläggningar: 27 272 m2
Biografer: 14 st
Affärslokaler: 225 st
Garageplatser: 6 800

Externa länkar
Plaza Norte 2

Köpcentrum i Spanien
San Sebastián de los Reyes


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GTA Online Unveils The Music Locker w/Moodyman, Keinemusik + Palms Trax
LifestyleLifestyle December 8, 2020 December 8, 2020
Rockstar Games continue to champion new underground music and culture with the latest Grand Theft Auto Online update, The Cayo Perico Heist. Featuring an exotic, all-new location, The Cayo Perico Heist tasks 1-4 players with planning and executing an action-packed Heist on the heavily fortified Caribbean island of Cayo Perico, home to infamous drug lord El Rubio and his entire operation, setting the scene for the biggest update in the title's seven-year history. The Cayo Perico Heist also adds a brand-new underground nightclub and social space called the Music Locker, featuring in-game appearances and DJ sets from Detroit's Moodymann, Berlin collective Keinemusik, and Palms Trax as the club's residents.
The Music Locker is an exclusive underground dance club and social space located beneath the existing Diamond Casino & Resort. Players can hit the dancefloor and socialize the night away together to world-class resident DJs in the game's latest immersive, real world nightclub experience. By giving players new ways to party and socialize in-game in authentic club environments, The Music Locker builds on ideas originally introduced in the GTA Online: After Hours update, which featured a player-owned Nightclub and appearances from The Blessed Madonna, Solomun, Dixon and Tale of Us as resident DJs and in-game characters.
Opening The Music Locker on week one is Detroit legend Moodymann, spinning motor city soul, techno and disco, ably supported by his backup dancers. Later in the season, Berlin collective Keinemusik will take clubbers on a journey from the sounds of open-air beach parties to the hottest nights in Europe, while Palms Trax is preparing to bring old-school house, exotic strains of disco and the latest from the UK underground to his Music Locker Residency later this month. The Music Locker also introduces new gameplay features including the ability to dance with a partner, as well as new dance moves for all players to show what they have on the dance floor.
Stay tuned for tons more music news from GTA Online in the coming days, including new radio stations, more new DJs and extra music for existing stations across the Los Santos airwaves in the city's biggest musical update since launch! Like all Grand Theft Auto Online updates, access to The Cayo Perico Heist is free with every copy of Grand Theft Auto V, and will be available December 15th on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and PC.
by Decoded Magazine
Tagged: Gaming Grand Theft Auto GTA Keinemusik Moodyman
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move to the main contents
About the Supreme Court
Access to the Supreme Court
Organization Chart of the Supreme Court
Justices of the supreme court
Judicial System in Japan
Judgments of the Supreme Court
The Legal Training and Research Institute of Japan
The Training and Research Institute for Court Officials
Supreme Court Library
Supreme Court of Japan
2009 (Gyo-Hi) 326
Date of the judgment (decision)
Minshu Vol. 65, No. 3
Judgment concerning the case where it is impermissible to refuse an application for registration of extension of the duration of a patent right on the grounds that, prior to the approval for manufacturing and sale under Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, which gave rise to the necessity to file the application, another approval for manufacturing and sale under said paragraph had been issued with regard to a pharmaceutical product which has the same active ingredient as well as effect and efficacy as those of the pharmaceutical product covered by the approval pertaining to said application
Case to seek revocation of the trial decision by the Japan Patent Office
Judgment of the First Petty Bench, dismissed
Court of the Prior Instance
Intellectual Property High Court, Judgment of May 29, 2009
Summary of the judgment (decision)
Even in the case where, prior to the approval for manufacturing and sale under Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act because of which an application for registration of extension of the duration of a patent right has been filed, another approval for manufacturing and sale under said paragraph had been issued with regard to a pharmaceutical product which has the same active ingredient as well as effect and efficacy as those of the pharmaceutical product covered by the approval pertaining to said application, if the pharmaceutical product covered by the earlier approval is not included in the technical scope of the patented invention specified by any of the claims for the patent right pertaining to the application for registration of extension, it is unreasonable to deny that it was necessary to obtain the approval, which gave rise to the necessity to file said application for registration of extension, for the working of the patented invention based on said patent right, on the grounds of the existence of the earlier approval.
Article 67, paragraph (2), Article 67-3, paragraph (1), item (i), and Article 68-2 of the Patent Act, Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act
Article 67, paragraph (2) of the Patent Act
Where there is a period during which the patented invention is unable to be worked because approvals prescribed by relevant Acts that are intended to ensure the safely, etc. or any other disposition designated by Cabinet Order as requiring considerable time for the proper execution of the disposition in light of the purpose, procedures, etc., of such a disposition is necessary to obtain for the working of the patented invention, the duration of the patent right may be extended, upon the filing of a request for the registration of extension of the duration, by a period not exceeding 5 years.
Article 67-3, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Patent Act
Where an application for the registration of extension of the duration of a patent right falls under any of the following items, the examiner shall render the examiner's decision to the effect that the application is to be refused:
(i) where the disposition designated by Cabinet Order under Article 67(2) is not deemed to have been necessary to obtain for the working of the patented invention;
Article 68-2 of the Patent Act
Where the duration of a patent right is extended (including the case where the duration is deemed to have been extended under Article 67-2(5)), such patent right shall not be effective against any act other than the working of the patented invention for the product which was the subject of the disposition designated by Cabinet Order under Article 67(2) which constituted the reason for the registration of extension (where the specific usage of the product is prescribed by the disposition, the product used for that usage).
Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act
A person who intends to manufacture and sell a pharmaceutical product (excluding the pharmaceutical products designated by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by specifying standards, and the pharmaceutical products for in vitro test designated pursuant to the provisions of Article 23-2, paragraph (1)), a quasi-pharmaceutical product (excluding the quasi-pharmaceutical products designated by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare by specifying standards), a cosmetic product containing the ingredients designated by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare, or a medical device (excluding general medical devices and the controlled medial devices designated pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph) shall obtain approval from the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare for manufacturing and sale for each product item.
Main text of the judgment (decision)
The final appeal is dismissed.
The appellant of final appeal shall bear the cost of the final appeal.
Concerning the reasons for acceptance of final appeal argued by the agents appointed for final appeal, SUDO Noriaki, et al.
1. In this case, the appellee of final appeal, who holds a patent right for Patent No. 3134187 (this patent and patent right shall hereinafter be referred to as the "Patent" and "Patent Right," respectively), seeks revocation of the trial decision issued by the Japan Patent Office (JPO) dismissing the appellee's request for a trial against the examiner's decision to refuse the appellee's application for registration of extension of the duration of the Patent Right.
2. The outline of the facts legally determined by the court of prior instance is as follows.
(1) The Patent (containing 22 claims) was based on the patent application filed on March 6, 1997, for the invention entitled "controlled release composition," and was registered on December 1, 2000.
The invention claimed in the Patent relates to a controlled release composition wherein the core containing medicinal substances is coated by a coating agent that contains a water-insoluble substance, a certain hydrophilic substance, and a certain cross-linked acrylic polymer.
(2) On September 30, 2005, the appellee obtained approval for manufacturing and sale under Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Disposition") with regard to the pharmaceutical product called "Pacif Capsules 30mg" (hereinafter referred to as the "Pharmaceutical Product"). The Pharmaceutical Product contains morphine hydrochloride as its active ingredient, and has the effect and efficacy of a painkiller for various types of cancers that cause a medium to high level of pain.
(3) Prior to the Disposition, another approval for manufacturing and sale under Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act had been issued to another pharmaceutical product called "OPSO (oral solution) 5mg/10mg" which has the same active ingredient as well as effect and efficacy as those of the Pharmaceutical Product (this approval and pharmaceutical product shall hereinafter be referred to as the "Earlier Disposition" and "Earlier Pharmaceutical Product," respectively). The Earlier Pharmaceutical Product is not included in the technical scope of the patented invention specified by any of the claims for the Patent Right.
(4) On December 16, 2005, the appellee filed an application for registration of extension of the duration of the Patent Right, on the grounds that the appellee had been unable to work the patented invention based on the Patent Right during a certain period of time due to the necessity to obtain the Disposition, but the JPO examiner issued a decision to refuse this application. Dissatisfied with this decision, the appellee filed a request for a trial against the examiner's decision of refusal.
(5) On October 21, 2008, the JPO issued a trial decision dismissing the appellee's request for a trial, holding that since the Earlier Disposition had been issued, prior to the Disposition, with regard to the Earlier Pharmaceutical Disposition which has the same active ingredient as well as effect and efficacy as those of the Pharmaceutical Product, it is not found that it was necessary to obtain the Disposition for the working of the patented invention based on the Patent Right (this trial decision by the JPO shall hereinafter be referred to as the "JPO Decision").
3. Even in the case where, prior to the approval for manufacturing and sale under Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, which gave rise to the necessity to file an application for registration of extension of the duration of a patent right (this approval shall hereinafter be referred to as the "later disposition"), another approval for manufacturing and sale under said paragraph (hereinafter referred to as the "earlier disposition") had been issued with regard to the pharmaceutical product which has the same active ingredient as well as effect and efficacy as those of the pharmaceutical product covered by the later disposition (the pharmaceutical product covered by the earlier disposition and that covered by the later disposition shall hereinafter be referred to as the "earlier pharmaceutical product" and "later pharmaceutical product," respectively), if the earlier pharmaceutical product is not included in the technical scope of the patented invention specified by any of the claims for the patent right pertaining to the application for registration of extension, it is unreasonable to deny that it was necessary to obtain the later disposition for the working of the patented invention based on said patent right, on the grounds of the existence of the earlier disposition. The purpose of the system of extension of the duration of a patent right is to reclaim the period of time during which the patentee has been unable to work the patented invention due to the necessity to obtain the disposition designated by Cabinet Order as set forth in Article 67, paragraph (2) of the Patent Act. Just because the earlier disposition had been issued with regard to the earlier pharmaceutical product which has the same active ingredient as well as effect and efficacy as those of the later pharmaceutical product, inasmuch as the earlier pharmaceutical product is not included in the technical scope of the patented invention specified by any of the claims for the patent right pertaining to the application for registration of extension, the existence of the earlier disposition does not mean that the patentee must have been able to work the patented invention based on the patent right pertaining to the application for registration of extension where the later pharmaceutical product constitutes the working of said patented invention, nor does it meant that the patentee must have been able to work the patented invention specified by any of the claims for said patent right. If the earlier pharmaceutical product is not included in the technical scope of the patented invention specified by any of the claims for the patent right pertaining to the application for registration of extension, this conclusion is not affected irrespective of how the scope of the effect of the patent right (Article 68-2 of the Patent Act) is defined in the case where the duration could have been extended because of the existence of the earlier disposition.
Since the Earlier Pharmaceutical Product is not included in the technical scope of the patented invention specified by any of the claims for the Patent Right, it is unreasonable to deny, in this case, that it was necessary to obtain the Disposition for the working of the patented invention, on the grounds of the existence of the Earlier Disposition.
4. For the reasons stated above, the ruling by the court of prior instance can be affirmed as justifiable in that the court found the JPO Decision to be illegal, holding that the existence of the Earlier Disposition cannot be the grounds for denying that it was necessary to obtain approval for manufacturing and sale under Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act for the working of the patented invention based on the Patent Right. We cannot accept the arguments for the final appeal.
Therefore, the judgment has been rendered in the form of the main text by the unanimous consent of the Justices.
Justice YOKOTA Tomoyuki
Justice MIYAKAWA Koji
Justice SAKURAI Ryuko
Justice KANETSUKI Seishi
Justice SHIRAKI Yu
(This translation is provisional and subject to revision.)
4-2 Hayabusa-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8651 JAPAN
Phone: (81)-(0)3-3264-8111


Enjoy reduced minimums for six weeks on shares when you begin trading with IG.
For South African shares you can trade with reduced minimum commissions for the first six weeks of your live trading account.
You pay a spread on every non-share CFD, and commission on every share CFD. Find these charges for individual markets below, or see out 'costs and charges' document for examples of how spreads, commissions and margins can affect your positions.
With share CFDs you trade at the real market price, so we don't attach our own spread. Instead, we take a small commission when you open the position, and again when you close it. In each instance, a minimum charge applies.
Some product details are different when you trade using the MT4 platform.
The spread is the difference between the offer price (what you'll pay if you buy a market) and the bid price (what you'll pay if you sell a market). This spread is wrapped around any underlying market price.
Margin trading gives you full exposure to a market using only a proportion of the capital you'd normally need. Margin is the amount of money you need to open a position, defined by the margin rate.
At IG, our margins are among the lowest in the industry. We can offer even lower rates for the majority of positions thanks to our tiered margin system.
You pay a commission charge on every share CFD.
Funding and interest charges apply to CFD trades. Find out how we apply funding and interest below, or see our 'costs and charges' document for examples of how funding and interest can affect your positions.
For nearly all our markets, this is calculated in the same way. For forex, the funding cost is calculated differently. See the table below.
We charge 2.5%* above the relevant interbank rate.
Eg. If the relevant interbank 1-month rate is 0.5%, you would be charged 3.00% (annualised). You receive the relevant interbank rate, minus 2.5%*.
If the interbank rate is greater than 2.5%,* we credit your account; if the interbank rate is less than 2.5%,* your account is debited.
Eg. If the relevant interbank 1-month rate is 0.5%, you would be charged 2.00% (annualised). For forex positions, we charge funding based on the current tom-next rate.
Tom-next shows, in pips, the difference between the interest paid to borrow the currency that is being notionally sold, and the interest received from holding the currency.
For fixed-expiry trades on stock indices and commodities we offer futures for CFDs. We build the overnight funding charges into the spread, so that everything is included, for futures and forwards. This makes it easier to identify your break-even level on your trades.
We place the full balance of individuals' funds into segregated bank accounts. In South Africa, these segregated bank accounts earn interest at a rate determined by the bank. Your money be paid out using the reference rate SABOR less 2%. We are keeping the difference between these two rates as an administrative charge. Each of these rates will be fully disclosed in your month end statement.
Interest will be calculated on the cash balance, which is the cash ledger balance plus unrealised profits less unrealised losses. Balances in currencies other than South African Rands will not attract credit interest.
Margin trading gives you full exposure to a market using only a fraction of the capital you'd normally need. It is the amount of money you need to open a position, defined by the margin rate.
Our offices are normally open 24 hours a day between 11pm on Sunday (9pm for forex) and 10.15pm on Friday night (London time).
Trading hours vary between markets, but standard UK market hours are 08.00-16.30 (London time).
How does overnight funding work?
When you trade with us, you trade on margin. This means you provide only a deposit to open a position, and we in effect lend you the rest of the money required. If you close your position on the same day, there is no funding fee. If you keep it open overnight, we charge a small fee to cover the cost of the money you've effectively borrowed.
For forex and spot metals trades, it is the tom-next rate plus a small admin fee.
For futures markets there is no overnight funding fee because the cost of funding is built into the spread.
Are charges fixed or do they vary?
Share CFDs directly reflect the underlying market price, and are subject to commission.
Our forex spreads vary depending on underlying market liquidity. The more liquid the market, the narrower our spread – as low as 0.6 pips. As the underlying market spread widens, so does ours – but only to our maximum cap.
Our stock index spreads vary by the time of day. During the underlying market hours we offer our standard and tightest spreads eg 1 point on the FTSE 100. When we offer an out-of-hours market, so you can benefit from 24-hour trading, we offer a wider spread.
Our commission varies depending on the host country for your stock. All SA and UK shares are subject to a flat 0.20% and 0.10% commission respectively, while all US stocks are subject to a commission of 2 cents per share, for example. See our contract details for all our share CFD commissions.
The overnight funding fee is calculated using the relevant interbank rate for stock index and share trades. The fee for forex trades is calculated using the tom-next rate. These rates change daily, varying the funding fee each day. Mini and micro CFD contracts are subject to a higher funding rate.
Is there a currency converison charge?
CFDs traded in a currency other than your account's base currency may incur a currency conversion charge. Our default setting is instant conversion, where foreign-currency profit is converted to your base currency and funding, commission and dividend charges are taken into account before your account is credited. We also offer daily, weekly and monthly conversion settings. Our standard charge is 0.3%.
There is a small, one-off fee when you choose to attach a guaranteed stop. For shares, for example, this is 1% of the underlying transaction value.
What are interbank and tom-next rates?
The interbank rate is the interest rate charged between banks for short-term loans. It is a key indicator for other interest rate charges, which is why we use it as a basis for calculating our overnight funding fees for your share and stock index trades.
Tom-next is the rate used to calculate the funding adjustment when a forex position is held overnight. It is an industry-standard rate, derived from the interest rate differentials of the pair's currencies and market expectations of interest rate change.
The spread is the difference between our Sell and Buy prices. We derive these prices based on the underlying market's value.
There are some extra services that we charge for.
Direct Market Access (DMA) There's no charge for using DMA to trade CFDs on forex and shares, though in order to access live DMA prices for some shares you'll need to pay a monthly exchange fee.
Live price data feeds Obtaining live share prices from an exchange to trade share CFDs incurs a monthly fee.
ProRealTime Charts Subscribing to real-time charts costs R300 per month. This is refunded if you place four or more trades a month. We reserve the right to charge you for the sevice if your qualifying trades are of an extremely low value.
Inactivity fee We charge a R150 fee on the first of every month, if no trading activity has occurred for two years or more.
Account documentation fee We charge a $50 fee on accounts which have not supplied a mandatory W-8 or W-9 form prior to the dividend ex-date of a qualifying trade on a US-incorporated stock. We do not apply this fee to accounts with up-to-date documentation or accounts which have not entered into qualifying trades. We will notify you if you have entered into a qualifying trade and need to complete a form.
Closing price means underlying market price at 10pm (UK time).
A tom-next rather than an interbank rate is used in the calculation of funding costs for forex and spot metals.
Tom-next is the day's market swap rate for that pair or metal.
-0.39 would be used to calculate the funding cost on a long position.
-1.39 would be used to calculate the funding cost on a short position.
Three-day funding is charged on a Wednesday.
Size for CFDs means total contract value (number of contracts x value per contract).


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Lenny B Productions
REMIX • MIXING • DEMOS
Songwriter. Producer. Remixer. Artist. DJ. A permanent staple in the dance world since 1994, Lenny B has produced numerous #1 Billboard remixes for Britney Spears, Rihanna, Kelly Clarkson, One Direction, Shania Twain, Martina McBride, Wynonna, The Fray, LeAnn Rimes, and countless others. Lenny B has worked with Warner Brothers, Arista, J, Maverick, Atlantic, Columbia, Jive, Epic, IDJMG, Curb, Nettwerk, and countless other labels spanning across the globe.
During the late 90's, Lenny became one of the first artists to remix a country hit – Shania Twain's "You're Still The One" (Lenny B X-Mix). Since then, Lenny has helped turn other country hits by artists Martina McBride, LeAnn Rimes, Wynona Judd, and Kelly Clarkson, into #1 Billboard hits with his EDM-style production. In June 2014, Lenny was featured in Rolling Stone Country to discuss the current fascination and use of EDM (electronic dance music) with country songs.
Since 2012, Lenny has been writing and producing country pop. His remix experience, along with the popularity of pop and EDM's influence on country music, led Lenny to transition from producing pop and EDM to pop-country. He is currently working with his friend and mentor, legendary singer/songwriter Billy Falcon, who has written with Jon Bon Jovi (Billy's songs have been covered by Cher, Stevie Nicks, and Trace Adkins, amongst many others). Lenny has also co-written and produced several songs with #1 Songwriter ("Friday Night by Eric Paslay), and one of CMT's "Next Women of Country", Rose Falcon (Faith Hill, Lady Antebellum, Jessie James). Additionally, Lenny has worked with singer/songwriter, John Goodwin, who's songs were featured in the movie, "Crazy Heart"); Round House Music's Lindsey Lee ("Love Is Your Name" by Steven Tyler); #1 Songwriter, Dylan Altman (Tim McGraw, Will Hoge, Jason Aldean, Jake Owen, Trace Adkins); and several writers from Dan Hodges Music (Kelsea Ballerini, Victoria Avenue, Lacy Green).
Born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts, Lenny started studying piano when he was five, discovered DJing at fourteen, and by the time he was sixteen, he was already spinning professionally with DJs locally and throughout New England. In 1992 he combined his DJ skills with his musical talent and became one of the founding members of the X-Mix remix service. His original productions have appeared on compilations from Ministry of Sound, Ultra Records, BasicLUX Records, and Plastik Records.
Rolling Stone Country: In the Club: Country's Fascination With EDM
Lenny B
HAHAHA! 😉😜😁🎼🎵🎶🎤🎧🎷🎸🎹🎺🎻🥁 . . #nashville #eastnashville #musiccity #musicrow #recording #studio #recordingstudio… https://t.co/a5eZV9x40l
LOL! I hope everyone had a #HappyHalloween 🎃👻 . . #nashville #eastnashville #musiccity #musicrow #recording #studio… https://t.co/PKkmSpg73A
The struggle is real--and why I listen to NPR in my car... LOL! Time to get to work... now where's my coffee?! ☕😀🎼🎵… https://t.co/46MC9MU4le
I did a thing... . I needed a break from the pop-country and CCM madness of the past few weeks, so I thought I'd d… https://t.co/l5cRwdWXO7
I did a thing... . I needed a break from the pop-country and CCM madness of the past few weeks, so I thought I'd d… https://t.co/y91Bfii7Av
Knockin' out some BGVs with the amazing Angela Hurt for a couple of Melissa Montgomery tunes today (well, yesterday… https://t.co/ngTv7V8hFU
Knockin' out some BGVs with the amazing Angela Hurt for a couple of Melissa Montgomery tunes today (well, yesterday… https://t.co/zyCnyBtITu
Getaway - Before & After: https://t.co/qzZ35fwDXx via @YouTube
Before & After: Melissa Montgomery "Don't Give Up On Yourself": https://t.co/Ik52Da1lUk via @YouTube
Oh, not just, "rappers"... 😉😜😁🎹🎼🎵🎶🎤🎧🎷🎸🎹🎺🎻🥁 . Trying to get through making a new Before & After video today, and it'… https://t.co/gYTbGohck4
For my guitar-playin' friends... HAHAHA! 😉😜😁🎵🎶🎤🎧🎷🎸🎹🎺🎻🥁 . . #nashville #eastnashville #musiccity #musicrow… https://t.co/hdsZ39l9WQ
Well, that's 4 more keys than Guetta' s keyboard, and look at what HE can do, right?! But where's the hi-hat roll b… https://t.co/rCyFLaXuml
Lenny B Productions, Nashville, TN678 523 8416


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Gornja Bačuga is a village in central Croatia, in the Town of Petrinja, Sisak-Moslavina County. It is connected by the D30 highway.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the village of Gornja Bačuga had 79 inhabitants. This represents 19.90% of its pre-war population according to the 1991 census.

Notable people

References

Populated places in Sisak-Moslavina County


text:
Giorgi and Nakada share Fermi Prize
Marcello Giorgi (left) and Tatsuya Nakada. Credits: INFN; CERN
Marcello Giorgi of the University of Pisa and Tatsuya Nakada of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) have been awarded the Enrico Fermi Prize from the Italian Physical Society for their outstanding contributions to the experimental evidence of CP violation in the heavy-quark sector. Giorgi is cited "for his leading role in experimental high-energy particle physics with particular regard to the BaBar experiment and the discovery of CP symmetry violation in the B meson systems with beauty quarks", while Nakada is recognised for his conception and crucial leading role in the realisation of the LHCb experiment that led earlier this year to the discovery of CP violation in D mesons with charm quarks. The prize was presented on 23 September during the opening ceremony of the 105th national congress of the Italian Physical Society in L'Aquila, Italy.
From the ground to the skies: Gaurang Bhaskar Yodh 1928–2019
Breakthrough Prize for black-hole image
Read article '2019 Nobel Prize in Physics for cosmic perspectives'
2019 Nobel Prize in Physics for cosmic perspectives
Read article 'Spiro awarded Lagarrigue Prize'
Spiro awarded Lagarrigue Prize


Members of the Gallia County School Board seated with teachers who are a part of the Diamonds in the Rough project. From left, front row: Melvin Carter, Terry Halley, Beth James, and Stephanie Mulford. From left, back row: Brea McClung, Aaron Walker, Stephanie Campbell, and Cindy Graham.
GALLIA COUNTY — Local teachers and administrators will travel to Chicago to present on their work on educating through the Advanced Placement (AP) Standard at the AP Midwestern Forum.
Their presentation is called Diamonds in the Rough. According to Cindy Graham, a central figure to the story, this standard of increased rigor at River Valley High School is the result of finding what is valuable in rough Appalachian culture. This started with a trip to the Midwestern Forum two years ago that sparked the desire to do more for the students.
In the past, teachers have taken curriculum that was tailored to students with trouble learning traditionally, and struggled to scale it up to students that needed to be challenged. Now, teachers at RVHS are setting the bar with the AP Standard and bringing it to the level of students that learn in different ways.
"This allows us to raise all students, academically," said Graham.
This development has brought about numerous benefits for students; including an Ohio Supreme Court Justice coming to RVHS to talk with students through the Mock Trial Program.
Graham is a part of a research team in Southeast Ohio that travels annually through the Gallia-Vinton Educational Service Center (ESC) for professional development and continuing education. These trips provided necessary networking with other schools and colleges while improving teachers as educators. According to Graham, this laid the foundation for what was to come. Teachers who are better educated can themselves educate students more effectively.
This importance on culture results from a need to know ones self, according to Graham. She explained that students had gone to college in other parts of the country and were viewed as lesser than where ever they were. By teaching students about their culture, they are able to better equip students for college. By raising the standard to AP, all students are better equipped for the future, both culturally and academically.
The trend of increased rigor and student expectations, in accordance with their learning ability, has resulted in beneficial partnerships for RVHS. The Mock Trial Program has partnered with RVHS. AP has sent two consultants to River Valley to help develop their program and rigor, both of which will be a part of the presentation in Chicago. University of Rio Grande has partnered with RVHS in allowing their classes to be taught by River Valley teachers in River Valley classrooms.
"Dr. Denise Shockley is a prime example of what we are trying to teach our students," said Graham. "We want them to embrace the positive aspects of their Appalachian Heritage and yet feel confidant enough to learn about new ideas." Shockley leads the professional development and research team through the ESC, which Graham credits for the inception of infusing rigor. Because of this program, RVHS teachers are capable to teach college level classes at River Valley.
"That is what we are doing, digging down and finding the diamond in the rough," said Graham.
Graham will travel to Chicago in February with other teachers including Aaron Walker, Brea McClung, Stephanie Campbell, and RVHS Principal TR Edwards.


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Henry Plant: King of Florida
Henry Plant | September 3, 2013
March 9 – December 31, 2011
An article titled "Henry B. Plant, The King of Florida" appeared in the November 1898 issue of Success Magazine. In it, the author wrote that "South of Mason and Dixon's Line, probably no name is better known – unless it be those of the living Confederate leaders, than that of Henry B. Plant, founder and manager of the "Plant System" of travel. The article went on to state "Fifteen years ago, Mr. Plant pointed to the isolated, hot, sandy little village of Tampa, containing six or seven hundred people. There, said he, we will have a city. There, across the river, we will build one of the greatest hotels of the world. Ten miles down the coast, where there is nothing but sandy beach, we will have a deep-water port, and establish communication with the West Indies and Central America."
Henry Plant: King of Florida exhibit outlines the secrets to Mr. Plant's success, his extraordinary vision, his many accomplishments and his legacy. He was highly revered by his 12,000 employees and during the 1895 Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta; Plant System Day was devoted to the commemoration of Plant's extraordinary service to the South. The Atlanta Constitution wrote in 1895 "Mr. Plant is one of those remarkable men who masters all conditions and creates environment. He is a builder – a creator. A whole state blossoms at the touch of his magic wand."
Exhibit vignettes trace Mr. Plant's early beginnings as a cabin boy in New England, to New York and then south to Georgia and Florida. Rare photographs and artifacts on loan from private collectors, historical societies, and museums are displayed. A projector displays oversized images of trains, steamships, depots, Plant System hotels and rare footage of vintage trains in motion.
In the interactive portion of the exhibit, visitors learn the meaning of conductor's signals, the uses of the various whistle sounds and how passenger tickets designated where one rode on a train or steamship.
Henry Plant: King of Florida exhibit is underwritten by The Saunders Foundation.
Category: Past Exhibits
« Facing the Late Victorians
Strolling in a Perfect Paradise »


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Sing Our Rivers Red
Tanaya Winder
Julie Carr
Earring Exhibit
Tanaya Winder is from the Duckwater Shoshone, Pyramid Lake Paiute, and Southern Ute nations. She is a poet, performer, and activist and is a co-founder of Sing Our Rivers Red (SORR), a collective of indigenous artists, poets, and activists working to help raise awareness around the crisis faced by indigenous women in Canada and the US. According to the Department of Justice, "Native American women are 2.5 times more likely to experience assault in their lifetimes than women of other races. One in three will be raped in their lifetime, and on some reservations women are murdered at a rate ten times higher than the national average."
Recently in Jacket2
Jacket2's January 2020 reading period
Jacket2 welcomes unsolicited queries during the month of January 2020. Reviews of recent books or anthologies of poetics criticism and theory; reviews and articles devoted to poets and poetries outside the US; reviews, articles, or essays that put texts, authors, movements in conversation; coauthored reviews or essays; articles, essays, or features on the ephemeral, the local, or the emergent; on poetic movements, topics, or groups, rather than single authors; articles and features that make use of archival and multimedia materials; articles, reviews, and features by and/or about queer, nonbinary, trans, women, and nonwhite authors; and more.
Jacket2 welcomes unsolicited q
Near/Miss
New from University of Chicago Press: paper, cloth, e-book
Audible.com has also published an audiobook of my reading of the full work.
Kazim Ali: Four New Poems & an Excerpt from an Interview
[NOTE. Kazim Ali was born in the United Kingdom and has lived transnationally in the United States, Canada, India, France, and the Middle East. His books encompass multiple genres, including the volumes of poetry Inquisition, Sky Ward, The Far Mosque, The Fortieth Day, All One's Blue, and the cross-genre texts Bright Felon and Wind Instrument. His novels include the recently published The Secret Room: A String Quartet and among his books of essays are the hybrid memoir Silver Road: Essays, Maps & Calligraphies, and Fasting for Ramadan: Notes from a Spiritual Practice. He is also an accomplished translator (of Marguerite Duras, Sohrab Sepehri, Ananda Devi, Mahmoud Chokrollahi and others) and an editor of several anthologies and books of criticism. He is currently a Professor of Literature at the University of California, San Diego. His newest books are a volume of three long poems entitled The Voice of Sheila Chandra and a memoir of his Canadian childhood, Northern Light.]
Crumpled Up
Debris crushed to flowers made
summer you will thought swam
Shard have this ember
rendered member of the body whose
urge surged swerve and shine
ocean opens shone hours
ours to contrail pretends


Hmmm. I took my sewed up sparkle skirt cardboard that was working perfectly last week in class apart before taking a stab at re-assembling it with alligator clips and adding an LED. I knew this circuit would be perfect for one of the versions of a plush night light which would work with motion activated LEDs packed into a plushy foam lined tin can dragged behind your bicycle to create the noisiest bike night light ever.
I wanted to start from scratch in order to get practice with this. I got everything hooked up and with the original code from last week I was getting the numbers to change when running the test.
Sort of a mess on the dining room table but luckily Jocelyn had already gone up to bed.
This was particularly helpful because I was using her fancy deco era (or maybe it's Victorian?) magnifying glass to see what I was connecting too. It worked really well!
I then reloaded the sparkle skirt code from the website and I got an error PIN 6 not defined. I went back to the code from our original LED testing and I copied a line of code from it that defined Pin 6 but then I got an error that "lsm was not declared in this scope". I tried deleting lines of code that had lsm to see if I'd get a different error but there were lsm lines throughout so that was a bust. I tried reloading it and I tried going back to the code from our neopixel experiments and copying some pieces of that in but it still wouldn't work.
I'm stuck because I don't know what LSM means or does so I have to do more research.
I made this excellent drawing of my two ideas for a Plush Tin Can Night Light Lamp which conceptually contained at least two redundancies in it. So I parsed out and embraced one redundancy in each of these pieces I plan to make for next week.
A plushy sewn insert protects the delicate motion sensing LED electronics inside an empty Bustelo coffee can. The can is either dragged by a rope behind your bike or slid onto one of those detachable fenders you can get for you bike. The bouncing of the can causes the LED to flash brightly and frantically and sporadically making sure you're super visible at night. If you drag it by the rope you get the added benefit of a loud obnoxious sound making you even easier to spot out on the NYC streets.
The plushy's on the inside!
A cushy pillow has LEDs built in that provide reading light for bedtime. When you doze off while reading the beginners guide to programming in processing and your cheek touches one of two touch capacitive cloth inserts flanking your head it switches the unit from reading mode to comfortable mood lighting mode for a restful ease into your evening REM sleep.


text:
Q: I need to make a master Excel workbook that references other workbooks so I can search for items in one place instead of multiple Excel sheets. I have co-workers that keep track of product they work on using an Excel workbook, each person has their own. Currently if I want to find out who worked on an item, I have to search each workbook individually, or regularly compile them into one workbook.
I have tried making a master workbook using Connections and referencing each workbook into a sheet for each employee but apparently this has a limit of 255 columns.
I am looking for advise on the best way to create a workbook to combine all the info from my coworkers into one Master workbook. I have read about SSIS but have no idea how to go about creating/attempting this as I can NOT find the Excel Connections Manager that all my research talks about.
EX. When I open my master workbook, Steve, Jess, & Kelley's individual workbooks automatically populate into mine so I can easily search all at once.
Any suggestions/ advise would be very much appreciated. Thanks you

A: SSIS is a very powerful tool.  I've used it successfully to consolidate data from thousands of spreadsheets into a database, catering to varying sheet and column contents.  However it is a developer tool with a steep learning curve.
I would use the Power Query Excel Add-In for your challenge. It can combine data from multiple files into a single Excel table, e.g.
http://dutchdatadude.com/combining-excel-files-using-power-query-for-excel/

A: If all of the documents are saved on the network or on your local drive you can write some VBA to quickly import the data. Start with:
Workbooks.Open ("C:\thefilepath\thefile")
then you can copy the data into your 'master workbook' and automatically close the other sheets. You can also write some code that would let you select only the files you want open if that's what you are looking for.
I think this will prove to be a slow option if there is a lot of data. Database options other than excel will probably work better.

A: Use VBA!
its very simple to learn,  it will take about 30 lines of code to do this.
for each workbook

open...

copy all rows into source sheet

close

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Are you losing sleep over the economy? Put your worries to bed and finally get the shuteye you're after.
Find out why sleep apnea is costing Americans more than just a good night's sleep.
/Newsletters/2010/March/24/Hidden-Insomnia-Health-Risks-How-To-Sleep-Better.htm A chronic lack of sleep may be devastating your physical and emotional health. Here's help when you need it most! Hidden Insomnia Health Risks: How to Sleep Better, Starting Tonight!
Hidden Insomnia Health Risks: How to Sleep Better, Starting Tonight!
A chronic lack of sleep may be devastating your physical and emotional health. Here's help when you need it most!
/Newsletters/2010/July/28/8-Top-Dreams.htm Your dream world may be trying to tell you something … Dream experts weigh in on how to use your dreams to your advantage. 8 Top Dreams: What Do they Really Mean?
8 Top Dreams: What Do they Really Mean?
Your dream world may be trying to tell you something … Dream experts weigh in on how to use your dreams to your advantage.
Finally, the real information you need to fall asleep, stay asleep and wake up feeling refreshed and well rested!


text:
Tyler Aveni
Tyler Aveni is a former consultant with CGAP's Inclusive Markets Team, focusing on China and select countries in the surrounding region. His research explores innovative finance in China and has touched on topics such as payment systems, enabling technology and the regulatory environment.
Tyler also works at a financial technology ("FinTech") accelerator, advising businesses on how to grow and scale in Asia. Prior to joining CGAP in 2016, he was China co-country director for French financial inclusion NGO Planet Finance. Tyler holds B.A. degrees in economics and Chinese from Williams College in the United States. He is fluent in English and Mandarin.
By Tyler Aveni
What Can Mobile Money Make Possible? China Has Many Answers
What's the secret to Alipay and WeChat Pay's success in mobile payments? Creating in-app universes of bundled services has played a big role by making mobile payments more useful to customers.
China's Alipay and WeChat Pay: Reaching Rural Users
This Brief explores the emergence, similarities, and differences between China's Alipay and WeChat Pay and the affects these elements may have on the way they compete in the rural arena.
Crowdfunding in China: The Financial Inclusion Dimension
Last year, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending in China surpassed the US$100 billion threshold and confirmed China as the world's largest P2P lending market, leaving North America a distant second. This tremendous growth was driven by a mix of circumstances.


text:
Young Companies
Young Company 11-15
Acting Diploma
Moving with the Times
SPARK artists
Schools touring
Referral projects
MCS Academies
At Pegasus, we are committed to contributing to and working with our local community. We run a range of projects, from supporting young local artists, to working with vulnerable young people and touring productions at local schools.
Celebrating its' 10th Anniversary, Dancin' Oxford and Pegasus Theatre are delighted to announce the Moving with The Times commission for 2021.
Three dance artists/companies have been commissioned to present and showcase work as part of the Dancin' Oxford 2021 Spring Dance Festival at Pegasus Theatre on 5 & 6 March 2021.
Each selected company or artist have received a guaranteed £1,000 commission fee to create the work.
The commission also includes technical support, marketing and promotion provided by Pegasus and Dancin' Oxford.
SPARK supported artist programme
Pegasus is committed to supporting creative works with, for, and by young people. We do this through the SPARK supported artist programme.
Over the course of a year, we provide artists and companies bespoke support to grow new ideas across a range of creative disciplines.
How we support artists:
Fundraising & marketing support
Artist development sessions
Performance and programming opportunities
Applications for SPARK are currently closed until further notice.
Schools touring shows
Pegasus believes that theatre is an essential tool for the safe learning and development of young people. We produce high quality shows for schools touring based on relevant topics and issues that are hard to talk about. We work with local authorities and services to provide essential support for young people, parents, and teachers.
Our longest running show is Under My Skin by Ali Taylor. Commissioned annually by Oxfordshire County Council, it provides vital information about self-harm and mental heath issues, including signposting to local support services.
Find out more about schools touring opportunities by emailing producer@pegasustheatre.org.uk.
Support projects like this
Pegasus Youth Board
Are you a young person aged between 11 and 25? Would you like to have a say in the way Pegasus is run? Young people are the life-force of Pegasus. We will soon be recruiting new members to our Youth Board to help plan and shape the future of the theatre. Watch this space for more information about how you can apply.
Make a difference to the life of Pegasus and young people in Oxford and beyond.
Register your interest by emailing participation@pegasustheatre.org.uk.
The MCS Performance Academy and MCS Technical Academy are returning with their unique and challenging programme. There are a limited number of places available for young people not attending Magdalen College School.
The Performance Academy is led by MCS's resident director and producer. It's an opportunity for students aged 13+ to learn key theatre-making skills from industry professionals, developing their personal stagecraft as they work towards a final production at Pegasus.
The Technical Academy is led by Christie Phillips and Dan Parry of Contained Creatives. This is an opportunity for students aged 13+ to learn the essentials of lighting, sound and set design from industry professionals, developing their technical and stage management skills.
The Technical Academy will piece together aspects of the design and set production for the Performance Academy's final production, with both groups working towards a bronze or silver Arts Award.
Extensive experience is not necessary, but we're looking for young people who are serious about developing their theatre-making skill. You must be fully committed to being a member of the Academy and attending all sessions, rehearsals and performances.
These places are subsidised by Magdalen College School.
Dates of the next MCS Academy are to be confirmed.
For further information, please email participation@pegasustheatre.org.uk.
Take a look at their eight-part radio play When We Meet Again here.
We run a range of classes at Pegasus which are tailored towards vulnerable young people and their needs. This includes Remix, for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, Looking Forward, for vulnerable young women and Acting Out for children in Years 5 and 6 experiencing challenging circumstances at home or school.
To find out more about these classes, please see our classes page or email participation@pegasustheatre.org.uk.
Work experience weeks at Pegasus are an opportunity to gain an insight into the various roles required to run a theatre venue.
Each student will gain a high quality experience throughout the week and will contribute to the work in our theatre. You will spend time working on projects across marketing, HR, finance, fundraising, creative learning and front of house. We expect all our applicants to be flexible, adaptable, have initiative and a real passion for careers in a theatre.
Our work experience programme is currently suspended.
For any queries, please email participation@pegasustheatre.org.uk.
Download an application form here
Coming up at Pegasus…
BEST BEFORE: the Mark Thomas Comedy Product Vintage Cuts #2
Online show. The Mark Thomas Comedy Product rocked the 90's TV world. Challenging corporations, upending politicians and their failures. The show quite literally exposed corruption and stopped arms deals! Small wonder it has never been repeated on Channel 4.
Wild Boor Ideas: Play the World Online
Live, interactive, online play session. Join Emma Boor and a host of puppet friends in creative, immersive play exploring a different ...
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