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Interview With Dr. Henry Morgentaler
Interview With Dr. Henry Morgentaler October 4 1976
In the emotional, often bitter debate over abortion law in Canada, Montreal physician Dr. Henry Morgentaler has become a symbol for those who argue that the decision on whether to terminate a pregnancy should be left to a woman and her doctor. Nearly three years ago, Morgentaler, a survivor of Nazi death camps during World War II, was acquitted of performing an illegal abortion, but was sent to prison anyway by the Quebec Court of Appeal. Now, for the third time, a Montreal jury has refused to convict Morgentaler (see Canada section) and by so doing has once again focused attention on the anomalies of the present law. Earlierthisyear, Morgentaler was interviewed for Maclean's by Luana Parker, who found him surprisingly charitable and convinced of the rightness of his actions.
Maclean's: Has the experience of being in prison and the struggle you have had in the last couple of years broken you? Do you regret your decision? Has it been worthwhile? Morgentaler: I haven't been broken. I've been wounded, but I'm recovering slowly. Do I regret the decision? No, mostly because I was able to help so many people. If I had to die now I would die knowing that my life was worthwhile, that I had done something in my life to help people, help which no one else could have or would have given in those circumstances. Maclean's: Would you do it again? Morgentaler: That's hard to say. If I had known beforehand all the suffering I would have to go through, the arbitrary awesome power the state can bring to bear upon an individual to break him, to bring him to his knees, maybe I wouldn't have. I don't know. I was confident that not only would I not go to jail but that what I was doing was in the highest traditions of medical practice, that is to offer a helping hand in a competent way to people asking for it. If you were near a lake, would you extend a helping hand to a drowning person, even if there would be a law saying you may not extend a helping hand? Many were drowning in the sense that they were willing to go to any lengths to obtain an abortion, legal or not legal, by "quacks" or even by themselves, with a great risk to life and health. I was just offering a helping hand, and I was sure that no court, no jury, would convict me for such an act. In a sense I was right. When I explained to the jury at length what my motivations were, what my practice was, how I came to my decision, they understood very well.
Maclean's: What were your feelings
when you finally ended up in jail then? Morgentaler: It seemed unwarranted. It was so unexpected. I was shocked and stunned. But the logical thing to do, of course, was accept the consequences of my act, and this is what I did. I did not set out to be a martyr. I set out to help people. But if I had to sacrifice my freedom for a cause in which I believe, well so be it.
Maclean's: What was it like in jail? I know you had some very depressed times. Were there any happy moments?
Morgentaler: There's usually a period of adjustment, the shock of incarceration.
I DIDN'T SET OUT TO BE A MARTYR, BUT IF I HAD TO SACRIFICE MY FREEDOM, SO BE IT
You notice that you're cut off from your family, your friends, from your usual surroundings. You are depersonalized. Your clothing is taken away. You become a number. It reminded me of the concentration camp experience, which brought about feelings of dejection, sadness, despondency. But after two weeks or so you adjust. There are things which compensate. There are a lot of young people, and everyone has a different story to tell. In my particular case, there were moments in jail when I felt quite good. I was getting along splendidly with most of the prisoners. I got
interested in prisoners' rights. I organized a petition at Bordeaux Jail for very modest demands.
Maclean's: Like conjugal visits? Morgentaler: That was added to attract the attention of the media, but I think it's a good idea. There is no reason why people deprived of their freedom should also be deprived of sex, especially those who are married or have girl friends whom they go out with steadily. But the other demands were very modest, like having contact visits. In Bordeaux Jail you are separated from your visitor by a glass partition, and you can't even touch hands. The terrible thing about prison is that it is so dehumanizing. Most of these people are there only for two years, for small offenses, and the idea is that they should be reintegrated into society. But it's hard to see how you can reintegrate someone into society when you make him a robot of a person. In a sense, I was fighting for my own dignity as a person, as a prisoner, and for the dignity of the other prisoners: that was the idea of the petition. The prisoners liked me. The authorities didn't.
Maclean's: Is it true that you had given abortions to several cabinet ministers' and judges' wives, daughters, mistresses? Morgentaler: It is true that I gave abortions to wives and daughters and mistresses of veiy' prominent people. I have not kept a list, but I think it just underscores the hypocrisy. Some of these same people would stand up on a public forum and denounce abortion and then behind the scenes they would send someone close to them to a clinic where they knew this person would get a safe medical abortion. Maclean's: When you were in Bordeaux, you wrote some depressed, almost bitter poems wondering why all the women you had helped were now strangely silent. Morgentaler: It's as if they had forgotten that I risked my freedom to help them. Many of them may have felt compassion for me but thought they could not do anything. As a matter of fact, I received a number of very moving letters from patients. It was a great help. Now women often come up and shake my hand and say, "We want to thank you for all you've done for women."
Maclean's: Does that make it seem worthwhile?
Morgentaler: I was able to help people, and I think this is what medicine is all about, really. What I deplore is the fact that what should be viewed as a medical service is still surrounded by this aura of criminality. So many women are still
victimized. After a while, after my initial decision to do abortions. I realized that the new method I had developed and perfected was so good that it was a scandal that women across Canada were not able to use it. I announced publicly that I was doing abortions. I even performed an abortion on national TV to show that such a method does exist, that it's simple. It can be done in a medical clinic on an ambulatory basis without hospitalization, without general anaesthesia, with a very quick recovery. It was a coincidence that it was shown on Mother's Day, 1973. and those people who were against abortion thought it was a kind of provocation.
Maclean's: How do you feel about your opponents, the Right to Lifers.
Morgentaler: I respect those people who for religious or other reasons are against abortions. What I resent is the fact that there is a very small fanatical minority so strongly against abortion that they want to impose their idea of morality on the whole of the population through the criminal law.
Maclean's: Does it make you angry when people say you made a lot of money doing abortions?
Morgentaler: From the start I set myself a maximum. At first it was $300. Then it was $200.1 had patients who offered to pay me almost as much as I would have liked, but I said no. Once the maximum was set at $200, nobody paid more than $200. Maclean's: What proportion of patients paid the maximum?
Morgentaler: That is very hard to say. There were days when almost nobody paid the full amount. It was widely known that my policy was not to refuse anybody because of inability to pay. Consequently I was getting referrals from many of the social agencies that were taking care of the poor, unmarried mothers, people on welfare, mothers with many children, and so on.
Maclean's: Did you ever do any abortions for nothing?
Morgentaler: Oh yes, many.
Maclean's: Did you ever turn anybody away?
Morgentaler: I never turned anyone away for money, but have I refused anyone? Yes. First of all. my method itself was good only up to 12 weeks, and when I examined a woman and found that she was over 12 weeks I referred her to a hospital or the United States. Some women were refused because they were not sure that they really wanted the abortion. If they hesitated, I would usually discuss it with them. They had to be sure that they really wanted it. Maclean's: How do you feel, after talking about abortion for several years and giving God knows how many interviews? Are you a little tired of the whole subject? Morgentaler: Yes. I wish I could start talking about something else for a change. I've been campaigning for about nine years. The point I want to make—and I think it is a very important point—is that the method
of ambulatory abortion by vacuum suction is simple and safe, but many doctors don't know about it. Here I was sitting in my clinic with what I considered to be a tremendous method which was so safepeople walking out healthy, smiling, joyous, grateful—and for some reason, for some quirk in the law. Canadian women were not able to take advantage of it. What puzzles me is that people are afraid it's going to be conveyer belt abortion. It's as if some people for some reason would be afraid that the operation was too simple, too easy. It's as if there's a hidden bias that women, if they have to have an abortion, have to suffer, have to undergo agonies and pain for their sin. It's a very punishing attitude.
Maclean's: But your opponents felt that no
I GAVE ABORTIONS TO WIVES, DAUGHTERS AND MISTRESSES OF VERY PROMINENT PEOPLE
matter how aesthetic it was and how little pain was involved that it was murder. Morgentaler: There are some people who believe that the earth is flat. There are people with all kinds of beliefs. There's not much you can do about that. I think the important thing in society is to respect somebody else's beliefs. I don't mind if people are against abortion. But I invite them to practise what they preach. If a woman is against abortion, it's not for me to question her motive, religious, personal or whatever. I would defend her right not to have an abortion if someone wanted to impose it on her. I think it is her right to decide whether a pregnancy should continue or not. But I do not think it is her right to impose her views on any other woman who may decide that an abortion is the re-
sponsible and the right thing to do at the time.
Maclean's: How do you deal with the problem of when the fetus becomes viable? Does that worry you at all?
Morgentaler: I did a great deal of research and study on it. It is clear to me that at the beginning stages of conception you are not dealing with a baby. There is no baby there. There are a few cells with different shapes, and more cells are added up, and so on and so on. It is only around five months that you could say, well, here we have an entity that possibly could be considered a baby. But up to five months it is such a small entity that it is definitely not a baby. You can call it a project.
Maclean's: Did this depress you at all? Morgentaler: No. Usually, you are dealing with a situation where a woman has decided that she does not want this embryo to become a human being. This is not a decision against motherhood per se, because half the women who have abortions are mothers already and the other half want to become mothers later. A well done abortion ensures that they will be able to. A woman who has an abortion by a quack very often becomes sterile and can't procreate later on. If you consider all the possible consequences, the danger of quack abortions or self-done abortions, the danger of suicide if a woman has to go through a compulsive pregnancy, has to give up a baby to an institution, the possibility that that baby, because of the frustrations in an institution, may become a juvenile delinquent or a criminal or a psychotic—when you weigh all this, there is no ethical problem in performing abortions.
Maclean's: How has taking up this cause affected your personal life?
Morgentaler: When I started doing abortions it added a certain dimension to my life, in the sense that I felt that I had more integrity. I was true to my beliefs. I was practising what I was preaching. This was the positive aspect. The negative aspect, of course, was that I was subjected to a great deal of stress. I was worried that some of my patients might be injured, might end up with complications, because it was a new method. Later on, there were all the unpleasant things, like having to go to court all the time, being handcuffed and humiliated, going to jail. There's no doubt that it has affected my life. After you spend five years in a concentration camp and in a ghetto in your youth it's not an easy prospect to face imprisonment. If I hadn't been a gambler I probably wouldn't have risked so much.
Maclean's: Are there any other political struggles that you identify with? Morgentaler: Oh yes. I'm very interested in the treatment of political prisoners. I'm interested in all the problems that mankind faces where it is possible for people to collectively do something instead of not doing anything. You've got to deal with these problems, you've got to do your best individually and collectively. There are so
many things going on in society that need correction. The whole penal system stinks. Many things need to be done to humanize it. There's so much poverty still around and so many injustices in other fields. There's no shortage of causes to be involved in.
Maclean's: People describe you as being restless. They say you will always catapult yourself into something, because somehow life without that is for you uninteresting. Morgentaler: I do need a cause, something that is greater than myself, to provide me with meaning. I think most people need a cause. Some people don't realize it. Maclean's: What about politics? Your father was a socialist. What about you? Morgentaler: I would describe myself as a democratic socialist. At one point I was considering going into politics. It's still possible that I will do that, although I rather doubt it. To a certain extent I have become a symbol of abortion reform in Canada. I'm sort of vilified by people, called murderer and assassin by people who consider abortion murder, which is very unpleasant. On the other hand, I get adulation from those people who believe that I helped the cause, that I sacrified something for the cause. But until the passions die down it would be hard for me to be active politically, because most political parties do not like to touch hot subjects. Personally I would like to defuse some of that passion. I think it is generated mainly by the small minority of fanatics who consider abortion to be an abominable crime. Maclean's: Do you blame them? Morgentaler: Reluctantly I would say yes. It's only natural that the state and the medical profession should recognize that a woman is a fully responsible human being and should have the right to decide if she wants an abortion rather than a continuation of a pregnancy. Once she has made up her mind as to that fact, the state and the medical profession should respect that decision. It seems such a reasonable kind of stance.
Maclean's: It sounds as if you are saying that it's fine to break the law as long as in your heart you believe you are right. Morgentaler: I don't say that. I believe that it is important to have laws, that a society without laws would be in chaos. But I also believe that laws are made by man. They are very often imperfect. There are laws that are unjust, and such laws need to be changed. Parliament changes laws all the time. A person who engages in civil disobedience has to be convinced that the law is causing tremendous harm and may cause death and injury. I always believed that what I was doing was legal in the sense that I was testing the law, trying to prove that the law is cruel and dangerous to women. I figured if my day came in court, I would be able to prove it in court and change the law that way.
Maclean's: What do you think your parents would have felt had they been alive? Morgentaler: I'm sure they would have
been proud of me. When I was acquitted by a second jury my first thought was that it was a great moral victory, that my father and mother would have been proud of me. My father was one of the leaders of the Jewish Socialist Party in Poland. He was also secretary of the Union of Textile Workers and he defended the workers in court when there was a question of litigation and they could not pay a lawyer. So he was engaged in social battles. He was arrested by the Nazis as a prominent member of the Socialist Party, as soon as they invaded our city. He was held in prison, probably tortured and eventually sent away and probably executed. So I have an idealized image of my father which I have to live up to, a tremendous social con-
AFTER FIVE YEARS IN A CONCENTRATION CAMP IT WAS NO EASY THING TO FACE IMPRISONMENT
science, an involvement in social causes, a devotion to justice, a devotion to building a better society, the values of universal brotherhood and the belief in man as being basically good. This is a bit naïve, maybe. I believe that man has a potential for good and evil and it's up to us to cultivate in ourselves what's good by providing a society that will underscore or value the positive aspects of the human personality. Maclean's: It sounds like a religion. Morgentaler: It is. Not a belief in the supernatural, but in a system of values, something you are committed to. I have my faults and my shortcomings. Maybe I should learn to be more indulgent toward my own faults and weaknesses, but it gives a certain stimulus to live up to a value system or high ideal. I'm very often dissatisfied when I find that I'm not doing
enough to promote the ideals I believe in. Occasionally I'm too passive. I like to withdraw occasionally and read a good book and be a private person. I don't always enjoy being in the limelight.
Maclean's: What about the state of your health? Do you think it has been affected badly?
Morgentaler: Oh, yes. I'm one of those fellows who likes to be in top physical condition. When I'm not, it depresses me because it sort of shows your imperfections or your fallibility as a human being. It brings about a sense of being nearer death. Maclean's: Did you regret it then? Did you think "Why did I ever get into this?" Morgentaler: It's hard to tell. I don't remember. There are times when I felt despondent, rejected and depressed about being unjustly incarcerated. I knew that I had not committed any crime, that my only crime had been to help people. I knew that I had challenged the law, tested the law. I knew that I played fair. I played above board and I didn't feel that the authorities played fair with me. I felt that they played dirty tricks on me.
Maclean's: You had a chance, if I understand it correctly, to plead guilty to the 10 remaining charges and have the sentences concurrent with the one you were serving, and you decided to insist on pleading not guilty and going through with the judge and jurv for each of the 10 cases.
Morgentaler: Yes, I'm very proud of that decision. It was one of the hardest decisions to make, because I had been convicted already, I was serving my sentence,, and my lawyers were telling me that if I pleaded guilty the Crown would agree to have all my sentences concurrent, which means there would be no more charges against me. I would be subjected to no more legal expense, no more stress. But it was a question of principle. I did not feel guilty of any offense. I felt that I had not committed a crime and actually I welcomed the opportunity to prove to another jury that I was justified in providing an abortion. I don't think I could have lived with myself for the rest of my life if I had given in or crumbled.
Maclean's: Do you intend to do more abortions?
Morgentaler: No, not for the time being. I would gladly cooperate and work toward the establishment of clinics such as mine was. I actually offered my clinic to the government to train doctors and nurses. Maclean's: What will you do if you go back to your general practice and people come to you again because of your reputation and say, "I'm desperate, I need an abortion." How would you face that?
Morgentaler: To tell you the truth I would be very tempted to provide them with safe abortions in my clinic, but I don't think that it would be wise for me to do that because I just could not stand the stress and the strain. After six or seven years of legal battles I think I have done my part. I hope other people will take it from here.£?
Stalking the boy wonder
October 1976 By Peter Brimelow
The prince who fell from grace
October 1976 By Kevin Doyle
Laughing on the outside
October 1976 By Michael Enright, Linda Diebel
A little more traveling music, this time with a definite upbeat
The return of a man called Trudeau
October 1976 By IAN URQUHART
A whole nation of thin people, wildly signaling to be let out
October 1976 By JAMES PAUPST


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The Saudi plan to take down Hezbollah - Wikileaks
Niccolo and Donkey Tuesday 7 Dec 2010
The Saudis continue to prove themselves as a member of the real Axis of Evil :
Saudi Arabia proposed creating an Arab force backed by US and Nato air and sea power to intervene in Lebanon two years ago and destroy Iranian-backed Hezbollah, according to a US diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks.
The plan would have sparked a proxy battle between the US and its allies against Iran , fought in one of the most volatile regions of the world.
The Saudi plan was never enacted but reflects the anxiety of Saudi Arabia – as well as the US – about growing Iranian influence in Lebanon and elsewhere in the Middle East .
The proposal was made by the veteran Saudi foreign minister, Prince Saud al-Faisal, to the US special adviser to Iraq, David Satterfield. The US responded by expressing scepticism about the military feasibility of the plan.
It would have marked a return of US forces to Lebanon almost three decades after they fled in the wake of the 1983 suicide attack on US marine barracks in Beirut that killed 299 American and French military personnel.
Faisal, in a US cable marked secret, emphasised the need for what he referred to as a " security response " to the military challenge to the Lebanon government from Hezbollah, the Shia militia backed by Iran and, to a lesser extent, Syria.
The cable says: "Specifically, Saud argued for an 'Arab force' to create and maintain order in and around Beirut.
"The US and Nato would need to provide transport and logistical support, as well as 'naval and air cover'. Saud said that a Hezbollah victory in Beirut would mean the end of the Siniora government and the 'Iranian takeover' of Lebanon."
The discussion came just days after Hezbollah and other pro-Iranian and pro-Syrian groups in Lebanon laid siege to Beirut, threatening the pro-western government of Fouad Siniora, after 17 months of street demonstrations.
Saud said Siniora strongly backed the idea but the only Arab countries aware of it were Egypt and Jordan, along with the secretary general of the Arab League, Amr Moussa.
No contacts had been made with Syria on any Beirut developments, Saud said, adding: "What would be the use?"
Saud said that of all the regional fronts on which Iran was advancing, Lebanon would be an "easier battle to win" for the anti-Iranian allies.
Satterfield responded that the "political and military" feasibility of the undertaking Saud had outlined would appear very much open to question, particularly securing UN agreement, but the US would study any Arab decision.
Saud concluded by underscoring that a UN-Arab peacekeeping force coupled with US air and naval support would "keep out Hezbollah forever" in Lebanon.
President Camacho Wednesday 8 Dec 2010
Fuckin' Saudis... if this "war for oil" bullshit was true, and America was acting out of cold economic self-interest, S.A. would have been toppled instead of Iraq. Nobody likes the Saudis.
Well, give Washington credit-- they won't now be used as a pawn for Sunni Islam; perhaps they actually learned something after being embaressed and completely duped by Chalabi and his neocon pals into providing the muscle for the Shia takeover of Iraq.
Nasrullah is a very clever political actor, and like his counterpart Sadr in Iraq he understands the nessecity of "crossover appeal". When Hezbollah kicked Israel out of South Lebanon several years ago, he ordered his people to waive not the Hezbollah battle standard but the national Lebanese flag. Even Christians and Sunni Muslims admire Hezbollah's tenacity; it will be interesting to see if and to what extent their units will cordinate with the Lebanese Army in the future.
This all places Syria in an awkward position, being allied with Iran yet at the same time wary of Shia Islam's advance on its southern flank. But don't expect America to display any diplomatic tact in exploiting these relationships with a pant-suit wearing Secretary of Defense and Curious George as C-in-C.
Angocachi Thursday 9 Dec 2010
Saudi Arabia grants the Anglo-American oil industry juicy contracts Saddam Hussein wouldn't. You have to understand that when people say "war for oil" what they mean or should mean is not that the US-UK is trying to acquire oil for the American and British people, but rather business for corporations like Halliburton.
Chalabi didn't dupe the US into Iraq, the PNAC (American oil combined with American Likudniks) did. He helped them because he saw it as a route to power, anti-Saddam powers united.
Syria is ruled by Shia, that's why its pro-Hezbollah and pro-Iran. They support the advance of Shia hegemony in the region.
Niccolo and Donkey Thursday 9 Dec 2010
Angocachi said: ↑
Not only is it the profit-motive, but the acquisition of control of natural resources and their transit routes aids in gaining strategic leverage over up and coming powers that threaten American global dominance.
In short, it shores up hegemonic ambitions.
President Camacho Thursday 9 Dec 2010
Saudi Arabia grants the Anglo-American oil industry juicy contracts Saddam Hussein wouldn't. You have to understand that when people say "war for oil" what they mean or should mean is not that the US-UK is trying to acquire oil for the American and British people, but rather business for corporations like Halliburton. Chalabi didn't dupe the US into Iraq, the PNAC (American oil combined with American Likudniks) did.
Walt and Mearshimer address this extensively in their book on the Israel Lobby. In short, peacetime is always best for oil companies, because in any war production is interrupted. Have Halliburton & co really been seeing exploding profits since the occupation of Iraq? Seems that there are immense costs associated with their activities there which would negate this. Surely they understood they couldn't have just "stole" all the oil.
He [Chalabi] helped them because he saw it as a route to power, anti-Saddam powers united.
Agreed, this just shows how naive and foolish American policy-makers were, promoting an obvious sleaze like Chalabi as the democratic savior of Iraq. It's like they didn't even do a background check on him.
The Alawite Clan that runs Syria are considered heretics by both Sunni and Shia alike. They are first and foremost practical realists determined to keep Islam (and Israel) at bay.
The Syrians proved they were serious about that when they wiped out the Muslim Brotherhood in Aleppo in the 1980s and again when they interceded on behalf of the Christian militias against the Muslim/PLO forces (including Hezbollah) when it became clear the latter would prevail in the Lebanese Civil War. Syria's Shiite proxy in South Lebanon were the moderates of Amal, who engaged in combat against Hezbollah during that period.
Now Syria is using Hezbollah because they are squeezed between America in Iraq and a militant Israeli administration, but the Syrian government is not particularly ideological. Neither was Saddam.
I doubt this is the mindset of the folks who've run DC. The staff of the white house has been a series of corporate and lobbyist agents, they don't think of the world as a game of Risk, the way old empires and socialist despots have, but as a market they now have the power of the Pentagon, CIA, and UN to open to their respective corporations and on behalf of whatever lobby has deployed them.
President Camacho said: ↑
Mostly true.
But on Halliburton and co. Yes the costs were high, but to the taxpayers, not the corporations. And profits can be high in peacetime or war, but without a war to depose uncooperative regimes, they can't make a penny. If I were Saddam, I would have done what Iran did, throw a few token contracts the saber-rattlers' way and watch the Likud-Oil axis snap in half.
Oil company profits boomed during the first few years of the war as the price of oil skyrocketed to $100 bucks a barrel.
From a strategy point of view, the Russians (amongst others) had their oil contracts ripped up and lost access to that supply. This provided the Americans with greater leverage.
Yes, IIRC something on this order happened to French companies who were dealing with Saddam. I don't know how tied in this was with the French gov'ts decision to keep out of Iraq, they had their own reasons too.
TotalFinaElf lost their multi-billion concessions and the Russians lost theirs at the giant West Qurna field.
The funny thing is that the war and post-war haven't gone as planned and the foreigners are once again in Iraq getting concessions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In the latest development in the ongoing saga of the A-10 Warthog, President Donald Trump's budget proposal for the 2018 fiscal year keeps the iconic attack aircraft going for the foreseeable future, at least in theory. Unfortunately, the Pentagon's wording makes it very clear that it will still defer to the U.S. Air Force on the fleet's ultimate fate.
Released on May 23, 2017, the Pentagon's overview of the proposal makes it clear that the budget they want will adequately fund the entire existing fleet of A-10s. At that time, there were just over 280 Warthogs across both the active and reserve components.
The inclusion of full funding for the A-10 is notable because the aircraft's future was very much in doubt in 2016. The Air Force has had an at best complicated relationship with the blunt-nosed plane since the first examples entered service in the 1970s. In the face of budget caps and cuts mandated in the 2011 Budget Control Act, the service has repeatedly sought to retire all of the Warthogs ostensibly to free up funding for other more advanced aircraft, namely the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter.
However, as The War Zone's own Tyler Rogoway noted at the time, it appeared Pawlikowski was simply hedging her command's bets that the Air Force would fail once again in the face of Congressional backlash to send the A-10s to the Bone Yard for good. There was no indication that the service wasn't still hoping to move ahead with its plans to slowly phase out the aircraft.
On the face of things, the Pentagon's latest budget proposal seems to settle the argument and preserve the A-10s, which continue to prove themselves extremely valuable in combat in Iraq and Syria, as well as other deterrence missions elsewhere. Unfortunately, reading between the lines, it's not clear how much the budget proposal actually changes things.
"Fleet strategy and viability will be assessed as the Air Force determines a long term strategy," the Pentagon's overview report clearly states. "We still had to make tough choices in balancing capability, capacity, and readiness while focusing on modernizing weapons systems and infrastructure," the Air Force said about its own budget planning.
Even if the Trump's budget passes in its current form, which is extremely unlikely, Air Force officials would be able to argue for shifting any funding set aside for the A-10s for other projects it feels they are more important. Beyond the A-10, there are other aircraft also in desperate need of upgrades and overhaul. Of course, Congress would need to approve any such decision.
More importantly, the question remains of just how the Air Force plans to deal with the larger looming issue of simply becoming unable to pay for its existing aircraft along with expensive new purchases such as the F-35 and the KC-46A tanker. Air Force officials repeatedly insist there just isn't any money for any new aircraft. In May 2016, it became clear that the service wouldn't be able to maintain its fighter fleet as a whole by 2021 without a massive injection of new funds.
And that may be the bigger issue. Trump's defense spending proposal for the 2018 fiscal year is not dramatically different from the outlays President Barack Obama and his administration envisioned for the coming years. The Trump administration has cited an increase in defense spending of more than $50 billion over Obama's proposal for the 2017 fiscal cycle. However, the president's new baseline defense budget is actually only approximately $18 billion more than what the previous administration already estimated would be necessary in the next fiscal year.
With this in mind, you can expect to see us look deeper into the actual budget proposal as a whole, as well as reactions in Congress and any plans to fundamentally change the final funding amounts for various systems.


What role can democracy and the digital (separately or together) play in ameliorating global warming? On the contrary, how does each further contribute to the expansion of practices that generate more (and more) CO2? From the absence of the environment in many elaborations of the common to the greenhouse gases produced by server farms, this workshop will try to provide some answers to the complex equation: digital + democracy + environment.


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Steamer Stephenson
Captain A. C. Moser of the Stephenson further reports that when he went up by the Soo the storm warnings were for brisk to high south west winds on the east end of Lake Superior and brisk to high north west winds on the west end of Lake Superior. He can make no suggestions which he believes will increase the safety at sea in such a boat as the Stephenson except that he considers the side tank method of construction preferable because it will allow the putting of a boat deeper in the water when running without cargo. It is his opinion that the Stephenson has plenty of power and that her hatch covers are well secured and amply strong. In his opinion, on account of lack of sea room in which to run before severe gales, we will always have disasters on the lakes and he attributes his own ability to keep out of trouble at this particular time to the fact that he was far enough east of Keweenaw Point to permit his boat to lie in the trough of the sea and drift with the wind.
Cleveland, Ohio,
Vessel Geo. Stephenson.
Lake Superior Bound Up
Pittsburgh Steamship Co.
I have to report that on November 7th, 3:32 P.M. we passed Whitefish Point upbound, light. Wind south east fresh. At 10:30 P.M. the wind shifted N.W. At 10:55 we were in a big sea and blizzard, the wind blowing a gale from the north-west. We were then about 35 miles east south east of Manitou Island. We had all tanks full before and we put as much water in cargo hold as we dared, but by midnight we fell in the trough of the sea with the wheel hard aport. I backed for three minutes and she backed in the wind, but the engine raced too much, and I had to stop backing. I then put the wheel astarboard and let her go east for an hour, but I knew that we were drifting south as much as we were going east, but I wanted to gain time to approach Keweenaw Point in daylight. I headed west again, figuring that by losing the sea I could tell when we got near the shore. At daylight we tried to take a sounding but I could see I would lose the men overboard and had to let it go. At 8:00 A.M. we lost some of the sea and she started to answer the helm. I then headed in the wind and we got a sounding of 42 fathoms, clay. I knew we were somewhere in Keweenaw Bay. I steered N.W. and kept on sounding and by 10:00 A.M. we were in smooth water and got a 12 fathom sounding, when we let go anchors. At 5:00 P.M. it stopped snowing and I saw we were about 1 mile S. W. of Keweenaw Point. On the morning of the 9th at daylight I saw a steamer ashore at the N.E. Point of Manitou Island. She seemed abandoned. There were no lights on her and no smoke coming from her stack. At 7:00 A.M. we saw a signal of distress go up on her foremast. Her decks were out of water but big seas breaking over her. We hoisted our flag in answer. We hove up and went to Mendota, where I sent the mate ashore to find a telephone and notify the life savers. By hiring a motor boat from a fisherman to take him across Lake LaBelle, and horse and sleigh from there to Delaware, the message was sent to the Eagle Harbor Life Saving Station. It blew hard and snowed the following night. I felt ashore with the boat with orders to get definite news and if the men had not been rescued, to call up Portage Lake Ship Canal Life Saving Station. He learned the Eagle Harbor crew had made two attempts to get there, but had to return. He called up the Portage Station and learned they had not been notified, but they would start by loading their boat on a flat car to take her to Lake LaBell and from there go to the wreck. At 2:00 P.M. he called up again and learned that the Portage crew had started at 1:30 P.M. of the 10th. We had a fierce blizzard all day yesterday until 5:00 P.M. when it stopped snowing and the wind went down. I hove up at 9:20 P.M., came through Gull Rock Passage at 11:00 P.M. It was moonlight and I saw the steamer lying there with her decks above water and her cabins on her. I don't know what boat it was.
I incurred $13.00 expenses.
A.C. Moser


DETROIT (TNS) — Former U.S. Rep. John David Dingell Jr., who was one of the U.S House's most powerful chairmen and helped write and pass some of the most consequential legislation in the nation's history, died Thursday, according to reports and statements from elected officials including Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer. He was 92.
Dingell, of Dearborn, Mich., served nearly 60 years in the House, making him the longest-serving member in Congress' history. He stepped down in early 2015.
"He is my love and we have been a team for nearly 40 years. I will be taking each day as it comes," she said in the post. Five months earlier, in September 2018, Dingell had suffered a mild heart attack and was briefly hospitalized.
Known in Washington and metro Detroit as "Big John" or "the truck" for his hard-charging personality, Dingell was an iconic presence in both.
After retiring at age 88, Dingell surprisingly embraced Twitter, reveling in the brevity of the form. He had more than 252,000 followers as he made playful, often sarcastic comments on culture ("Staff has now informed me of what a Kardashian is. I'm only left with more questions"), Michigan sports ("Say what you will about the Lions, they've nearly perfected walking backward between plays while the flags are being picked up") and politics.
"One of the most consequential members of Congress in the last century" is how congressional scholar Norm Ornstein described Dingell, noting he had a hand in "virtually every major social policy advance" since the 1960s. He was mentioned alongside congressional giants such as House Speakers Sam Rayburn and Tip O'Neill, as well as the late Sen. Robert Byrd, whom Dingell surpassed as the longest-serving member in 2013.
Dingell joined Congress as a Democrat in a postwar era when that party's dominance in the House was a given and survived to see the institution he loved crippled by partisan factions and an intransigence that he loathed. His own career saw him expand exponentially the scope of the Commerce Committee and lead oversight efforts that would see the breakup of AT&T and run several Reagan-era officials out of office.
Even at the end, Dingell — having lost his committee chairmanship to a challenge in his own party and bent by age and injury — continued to employ an encyclopedic knowledge of legislative processes and a lifetime of relationships on both sides of the political aisle to help shape legislation, including pipeline regulations and food safety protections. Even after Republicans regained majority control in 2011, he remained a force to contend with as "chairman emeritus" — and a longtime friend of the chairman who succeeded him for a time, U.S. Rep. Fred Upton, R-Mich.
A few years ago when the city of Ann Arbor desperately needed financial help to replace a crumbling bridge, he placed a call to then-Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, an old friend, to help secure funding.
Born on July 8, 1926, in Colorado Springs, Colo., Dingell spent much of his formative years in Washington, D.C. His father, who had ties to organized labor, moved the family back to Detroit and won election to a newly created congressional district in 1933. Despite redistricting, changes in political fortunes and Michigan's loss of seats through the years, the state has had a Dingell representing it since that time.


text:
package io.github.thecrazyphoenix.societies.api.event;

import io.github.thecrazyphoenix.societies.api.society.Society;
import org.spongepowered.api.event.Cancellable;
import org.spongepowered.api.event.Event;

/**
 * Base event for when a society changes.
 * This is called when anything owned by the society changes.
 */
public interface ChangeSocietyEvent extends Event, Cancellable {
    /**
     * Retrieves the modified society.
     * This is the society or sub-society which is most concerned by this event.
     * This object represents the old state for all events except {@link Create}.
     * @return The society affected by this event.
     */
    Society getSociety();

    /**
     * Called when a society is created.
     */
    interface Create extends ChangeSocietyEvent {}

    /**
     * Called when a society is destroyed.
     */
    interface Destroy extends ChangeSocietyEvent {}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Discovery, Inc. (voorheen Discovery Communications, Inc.) was een Amerikaans media- en entertainmentbedrijf. Het bedrijf, opgericht in 1985, exploiteerde verschillende tv-zenders en themakanalen, gespecialiseerd in documentaires en andere populairwetenschappelijke programma's.

Discovery begon met een enkele zender; The Discovery Channel. In 2008 bood Discovery 100 kanalen in meer dan 170 landen en in 33 talen. Discovery, Inc. heeft haar hoofdkwartier in Silver Spring.

De programma's van Discovery waren zowel eigen producties als van andere zenders overgenomen programma's.

Afdelingen
Discovery is onderverdeeld in vier groepen: Discovery Networks U.S., Discovery Networks International, Discovery Commerce, en Discovery Education.

Discovery Networks U.S.
Discovery Networks U.S. beheert 17 Engelstalige zenders en twee Spaanstalige zenders. De zenders van deze groep zijn:

Discovery Networks International
Discovery Networks International heeft een breed gamma aan zenders, met Discovery Channel en Animal Planet als belangrijkste, die vrijwel overal ter wereld te ontvangen zijn. In totaal heeft deze afdeling zo'n honderd afzonderlijke kanalen in meer dan 40 talen. Discovery Networks International is onderverdeeld in een aantal regio's: EMEA, (bevat ook Australië en Nieuw-Zeeland) en Latijns-Amerika.

Kanalen van Discovery Networks International zijn:

Discovery Commerce
Discovery Commerce is gespecialiseerd in de verkoop van producten op het gebied van levensstijl, gezondheid, wetenschap en educatie, evenals producten gerelateerd aan de programma's op de Discovery-netwerken.

Discovery Education
Discovery Education is een afdeling die zich richt op educatieve video's die online bekeken kunnen worden. Tevens verkoopt deze afdeling dvd's, video's en cd-roms van deze programma's.

Externe link
 Discovery Communications website

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New Delhi All Destinations
Explore New Delhi
All New Delhi Tours
Wrestling Classes
Taj Mahal Tours & Tickets
Jama Masjid (Masjid e Jahan Numa) Tours & Tickets
Red Fort (Lal Qila) Tours & Tickets
India Gate Tours & Tickets
Qutub Minar Tours & Tickets
Swaminarayan Akshardham Tours & Tickets
Chhatarpur Temple (Chhatarpur Mandir) Tours & Tickets
Tomb of I'timad-ud-Daulah
How to Experience the Holi Festival of Colors in India
Ways to Experience Punjabi Culture in New Delhi
Food Lover's Guide to New Delhi
How to Spend 3 Days in New Delhi
Agra & Taj Mahal Tours from New Delhi
Don't-Miss Dishes in New Delhi
Tomb of I'timad-ud-Daulah Tours
Tomb of I'timad-ud-Daulah Tours and Tickets
Known locally as "Baby Taj," the Tomb of I'timad-ud-Daulah is a gorgeous white structure that actually predates the larger and more famous Taj Mahal by a few years. It was the first Mughal building created entirely in marble, and its existence marks the transition from sandstone to marble in Mughal architecture.
Yamuna River, Agra
Tours and Activities to Experience Tomb of I'timad-ud-Daulah
You are viewing Virtual Experiences in New Delhi. See more Virtual Experiences around the globe. 🌎
Delhi to Agra and Taj Mahal Private Day Trip by Express Train with Lunch
Spare day in Delhi and eager to see the Taj Mahal? This full-day private trip to Agra by fast train makes the excursion easy and comfortable. Settle into the Gatimaan Express for your journey to Agra, and on arrival, enjoy guided tours of the UNESCO-listed Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, and Baby Taj before returning to Delhi. Includes Delhi hotel pickup and drop-off, return rail fares, guides, and buffet lunch in Agra. Upgrade to include entrance fees and a ride on the business class train car.
Private Day Tour of Taj Mahal and Agra Fort By Superfast Train - All Inclusive
Travel by fast train round-trip from Delhi to Agra to pack in more sightseeing and spend less time on the road. The Gatimaan Express train gets you to Agra and your local guide and private driver meet you upon arrival. Visit the Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Itmad-Ud-Daulah (Baby Taj), and Mehtab Bagh, before returning to Delhi in the evening. Choose the transport and guide option or upgrade to included lunch, entrance fees, and train-class options.
All Inclusive Day Trip to Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Baby Taj from Delhi by Car
Get an up-close look at the history and the landmarks of the Mughal Empire during this day trip from Delhi to Agra. Visit the iconic Taj Mahal—India's most stunning homage to love, and learn how this World Wonder was built by Shah Jahan for his Mumtaz. Make a stop at Agra Fort, and learn about the 16th-century Mughal monument from your guide. Upgrade your tour to include entrance fees and/or a buffet lunch at a 5-star hotel.
Private Day Trip to Agra includes Taj Mahal and Agra Fort from Delhi
Journey back to the days of India's Mughal Empire on this private Delhi to Agra tour that includes admission to two World Heritage sites—Agra Fort and the Taj Mahal. With a private guide, you'll admire the 16th- and 17th-century architecture of the enormous Agra Fort and the Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah (aka Baby Taj), and gaze in wonder at the exterior and interior grandeur of the Taj Mahal, one of the New7Wonders of the World. On this private day trip, you can be sure you'll enjoy an in-depth and personalized experience.
3-Day Private Luxury Golden Triangle Tour to Agra and Jaipur From New Delhi
Experience India's Golden Triangle on this private 3-day tour of Agra, Jaipur, and Delhi with transport in a private vehicle. See UNESCO-listed spots, such as Agra Fort, Amber Fort, Qutub Minar, and Jantar Mantar. Catch sight of the Taj Mahal at sunrise, and explore Jal Mahal, which lies in the middle of Man Sagar Lake. Other highlights include India Gate and Hawa Mahal.
Private Taj Mahal Day Trip by Express Train with Lunch
Don't let limited time in India stop you visiting the Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New7Wonders of the World. Instead, opt for a time-saving tour that transports you to the monument via express train, for a faster and smoother journey. Save hours of time and benefit from the insider knowledge of your guide as you explore the iconic Taj Mahal as well as the Agra Fort and Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah (Baby Taj).
Private Sunrise Taj Mahal Tour from Delhi by Car
This sunrise tour to the Taj Mahal in Agra is an ideal trip for travelers short on time in India, but who still want to see one of the country's most iconic sites. Be picked up from your hotel in Delhi in the early hours and driven to Agra, so you can relax in the private car on the way. Reach Agra in time for a beautiful sunrise over the romantic monument.
11-Hour Agra Day Tour: Sunrise and Sunset of Taj Mahal
Experience the stunning beauty of sunrise and sunset on this immersive full-day tour of Agra. Unearth the history and folklore surrounding the iconic Taj Mahal as you listen in to stories from your local guide. Tour Agra Fort, the "Baby Taj," and admire a romantic view of the Taj Mahal from Mehtab Bagh. Your private guide guarantees personalized service and incredible sunrise and sunset views of India's most famous landmark. Option to travel to Jaipur with a stop at the abandoned city of Fatehpur Sikri is also available.
Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah Skip-the-Line E-tickets & guide
Explore Itimad-ud-Daulah, otherwise known as the Baby Taj, in a flexible way on this half-day tour in Agra. Choose to book the admission ticket on its own or the admission ticket with transportation from your hotel, depending on your schedule and budget. Once you arrive at the attraction, enjoy the freedom of exploring on your own time.
Full Day Private Taj Mahal & Agra Tour from Delhi by Express Train
Depart from Delhi by express train and set out on a full-day tour of Agra's most famous monuments. Visit the Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage sites, and the Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah (Baby Taj). Learn about these impressive landmarks from your informative guide. Your tour includes train tickets—so you skip the lines at the station—and an air-conditioned private vehicle in Agra.
Delhi to Agra Taj Mahal Private Day Trip by Superfast Train
Are you ready to experience the amazing view of Taj Mahal and other nearby historic monuments on your visit to Agra by train,Your journey by train from New Delhi to Agra will take just 100 minutes, Agra attracts tourists from all over the world. Agra, popularly known as the city of TajMahal is situated on the banks of River Yamuna in the northern region of Uttar Pradesh. this package is recommended for those who wants to experience a journey in one of the fastest train in India Or to those who wants to explore three UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.
Private Guided Tour of Agra
• Pick up available from anywhere in Agra. • Choose from a variety of start times to suit your schedule • Hassle-free experience with our Most Experienced guides. • No Rush - Explore the Taj Mahal at your own pace
Private Golden Triangle Tour 3 Days - Delhi, Agra and Jaipur from Delhi
Enjoy the perfect introduction to India's three most popular destinations - Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. Leave all the planning for logistics, hotels, cabs, tickets, and local guides to us and explore the icons and discover the secrets of this fascinating region.
Private Taj Mahal Day Tour With Agra Fort From Delhi By Car - All Inclusive
Private Taj Mahal Day Tour With Agra Fort From Delhi By Car - All Inclusive is easy with round-trip transfers and a guide will make sure to show you all highlights of the tour. You will travel in an air-conditioned vehicle, enjoy the scenery along the way and then explore Taj Mahal and Agra Fort, both are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. After the Agra Fort have your delectable buffet lunch at 5 star hotel and then after you will also visit tomb of Itmad-Ud-Daulah, also known as (Baby Taj) equally beautiful and historically important monument in Agra. Your tour guide will explain to you the history, architecture of the monuments, the arts, city's culture and daily life.
Private Day Trip to Agra Including Taj Mahal and Agra Fort
Spend the day touring incredible Agra on this tour from Delhi. Visit the stunning Taj Mahal, and tour the grounds with your highly-qualified local guide. Learn about the history, design, and architecture of this incredible landmark. Stop at Fort Agra, see the Baby Taj Mahal and end your day with stunning views of the iconic Taj Mahal from the moon garden.
Private Tour:Day Trip to Agra from Delhi including TajMahal &Agra fort (A/c Car)
Planning same day Agra tour by car is the best option of refreshment and to know about the magnificence of "Epitome of Love". A tour is planned for you to explore one of the Seven Wonders of the World – Taj Mahal. It will be a wonderful trip to maximize your fun and keep you away from the busy schedule for a day. Here is a Same Day Tour itinerary to let you explore Taj Mahal, Agra Fort in Agra.
Same Day Taj Mahal Tour from Delhi
No matter how much time you have in India, no visit to the country is complete without ticking off the Taj Mahal. Skip the stress of advance planning on a day trip to the Taj Mahal from New Delhi, the ideal choice for first-time visitors short on time. Travel in the air-conditioned comfort of a private car means that you can take convenience breaks whenever you see fit while letting someone else drive gives you more time to focus on the scenery.
Private Taj Mahal Tour by Train from Delhi-All Inclusive
Experience the bygone era of the Mughal Empire in the iconic Taj Mahal, during this private day tour from Delhi by Gatimaan Train. You'll avoid busy public transport, and instead enjoy a hotel pickup and a hassle-free transfer to Agra in a private vehicle. See two UNESCO World Heritage Sites—the Taj Mahal, and Agra Fort, as well as Itmad-ud-Daulah, which is known as the Baby Taj. It'll be the ultimate stress-free day with all entrance fees, lunch, and transport included
Same Day Agra Tour by Car From Delhi
Agra, the city of the world-famous Taj Mahal… but not only! It would be a mistake to think that Agra only has to offer sightseeing of the World Wonder Taj Mahal. This city, located in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh around 200 kilometers away from Delhi, has indeed a rich historical background, that can be felt thanks to the numerous and various monuments in and around the center of the city.
One Day Agra ( Taj Mahal ) private Tour from Delhi
Taj Mahal same Day Tour From Delhi by Car This is the same day Agra tour from Delhi by car. this private tour will start from Delhi or nearby Delhi from any hotel or Airport. around 10 - 12 hrs tour. as you know Agra is the most popular destination in India because of Taj Mahal. besides Taj Mahal, there is Agra fort the most popular Fort of India also a World Heritage site.
Taj Mahal Sunrise Tour from Delhi : All Inclusive
This tour is recommended for backpackers, or group travelers who want to visit the Taj Mahal and Agra City with a premium budget. Travel to Agra in an Private Air-Conditioned vehicle to visit one of the world's most iconic monuments, the Taj Mahal. NOTE :- TAJ MAHAL REMAINS CLOSED ON FRIDAY. NOTE :- PLEASE READ PRICE SECTION CAREFULLY.
Private Full Day Taj Mahal and Agra City Tour
Explore the magnificent beauty of Taj Mahal by skipping the long queues. Post that, experience the wonderful Agra Fort or Baby Taj as per your choice in a hassle free manner.
Private Taj Mahal Tour from Jaipur by Car
This private tour is an excellent way to see Agra's top attractions in a short space of time. Avoid the hassle of booking transfers and enjoy having door-to-door round-trip transport from Jaipur included. No need to worry about getting lost—a private guide accompanies you around the Taj Mahal and Agra Fort as you explore the magnificent architecture.
Same Day Agra Tour from Delhi
With a customizable pickup time at your hotel or airport in Delhi—plus round-trip transport in a private vehicle—this tour gets you to Agra and back in the same day. You'll benefit from the services of a private guide who explains the significance of two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Taj Mahal and Agra Fort. A visit to Itimad-ud-Daulah, aka Baby Taj, adds value.
What''s the best way to experience Tomb of I'timad-ud-Daulah?
The best ways to experience Tomb of I'timad-ud-Daulah are:
More Tours in New Delhi
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More attractions near New Delhi
Banke Bihari Temple (Banke Bihari Mandir)
Chhatarpur Temple (Chhatarpur Mandir)
Greater Kailash M Block Market
AapnoGhar Amusement and Water Park
Mehrauli Archaeological Park
Qutub Minar
Kingdom of Dreams
Lajpat Nagar Central Market
Hauz Khas Village
Lotus Temple (Bahá'í House of Worship)
Humayun's Tomb
Dilli Haat
Sai Baba Temple
Recommended for New Delhi


Boat is located in Deale,Maryland.Please contact the owner @ 202-716-4067…PRICED TO SELL. 1999 Well maintained. 8.1 Horizon Mercruisers. 370 horsepower each.
New risers and manifolds. 3 yr old canvas.
Ac. 2 flat screen TVs.
LED interior and exterior lighting.
Raymarine Hyper touch Navagation. $4000.00 Sea deck flooring.


Hakafa and North Shore Congregration Israel are joining together to offer a special class that will meet on Thursdays, October 4, 11, 25, Nov. 1, 8, and 15 from 10:30 AM to 12:30 PM at North Shore Congregation Israel (1185 Sheridan Road, Glencoe).
How do you want to be remembered? Write your legacy letter now and let your loved ones know! Curious? Talk to Rabbi Elder, or contact Carole Mark Gingiss.


Word & Meaning – Importance of Word?
In the 5 stage process of perception which we discussed last week, one important factor we need to consider is "Ego/Mind" which interprets the Guna to an experience. For example when we say Dog, the 'Mind' interprets Dog to a loyal friend or a bike chaser or a rabies generator. Essentially what is the quality of dog mean to you? If you understand this process this explains the uniqueness between individuals or the root cause of differences in a society. Also remember the fact that the inputs are never limited to sound and when see a picture the process of perception starts with step 3.
What is the importance of Word?
Here he compares Lord Shiva (Consciousness) and Shakti (Energy) like Sound (Shakti) and Meaning (Shiva). Both sound and meaning are inseparable. You would now understand the wisdom behind this poem since there is no sound without a meaning. Also Sabda Brahman (Sound) merges with the Artha Brahman (Light) and both are inseparable. Here Artha Brahman is the light and the meaning of the word. Remember we say that 'Throw some light" when we don't understand something.
In Tamil ெபாருள் (porul) means "a thing" and it also means "meaning". We will see how பரம்ெபாருள் (Paramporul) is the Lord Shiva as a God's particle and how he is referred to as the meaning too. The same applies to Sanskrit where "artha" means wealth / things – remember Arthasastra? And it also refers to "meaning" as in the above poem. How rich these languages are?
A word is made up of letters called Akshara in Sanskrit. The meaning of Akshara is that which cannot be broken down further i.e., Word can be broken down to letters but it cannot be broken down further. A letter has a form like "A" and has a sound associated with it. This means the light and sound are merged in a letter. As per the principle stated above in the process of perception, the primordial state is one where light and sound is merged into each other.
If you don't dispute the philosophy that everything merges into god at the primordial state and at this state, sound and light are inseparable, and then you would agree that an Akshara is God / Brahman. Each letter has significance and meaning in Indian languages especially Tamil and Sanskrit. A word is a combination of Form (Light), Sound and meaning and these are first 3 aspects of perception which takes us from a gross state to a formless subtle un‐manifest state. The statement from New Testament "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" reflects the same principle.
As per ancient scriptures, Veda is the breath of god or the aural vibration of consciousness cannot take you to the state of moksha. Words don't take you to God, it can help you in the process but has its limit, since the sound and meaning merges into something else as we move towards more subtle space.
Every word or Akshara has four states Para, Pashyanti, Madhyama and Vaikari. Vaikari is the fourth state where the sound is audible to us. If we recite something mentally then the sound has 3 states only and these 4 states signify as to how a feeling (bhava) becomes thought and thought becomes form and then a sound. So it is feeling or Bhava or subtle desires (vasanas) which is registered in our subconscious mind drive our thoughts.
This entry was posted in Religion, Science, Spirituality and tagged articles, inspiration, life, personal, philosophy, religion, research, science, thoughts, word by Ganesh. Bookmark the permalink.
People tend to listen and respond as if words have more or less fixed meanings. But words don't have fixed ordained meanings. They mean what we, the community of word users, agree they mean–and we often disagree and change our minds. Word meanings are in motion like the fluid consciousness that gives them birth, and dictionaries are the fluent history of our collective verbal habits. Dictionaries are not meaning bibles but an ephemeral record of how we have used words. Words are a catalyst for consciousness–there is no meaning in the words themselves. Or we might say words have shadow meanings that follow the actual meaning that exists in the life of consciousness. Words are symbols, forms, obscure mysteries—they are in the world of dead things and only take on meaning in a moment of illumination in the mind and heart of the reader or speaker.


text:
Q: Prove that an empty sudoku has always a valid solution I have to prove that if you put some random number (between 1 and 9) at any of the fields of an empty Sudoku, it is always solvable, but I do not find the way to it.
One way to prove it would be solving the 9*81 possible initial values, but doesn't seem like a proper way to proceed.
I also did think about formulating the problem as an equation system and prove that it has many solutions, but I'm not sure how to do this.
Any idea out there?
Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MQM fails to provide justice to masses: Siraj
KARACHI - Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) chief and Senator Sirajul Haq has said that Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) has failed to provide justice to people of Karachi while politics of the city is held hostage which has converted the metropolis into Moen-jo-Daro.
He expressed these views while addressing an "Iftar party", organised by JI Karachi chapter in Metroville area, SITE Baldia here on Friday.
Commenting on BBC report, Sirajul Haq stated that the media had already revealed relations of MQM with enemy of the country in the past, but unfortunately, governments and other authorities could not take any action against MQM.
Senator Siraj said that the PPP and MQM have failed to provide relief to the people of Sindh adding that both parties are enjoying backing of establishment.
He demanded provincial government to accept its negligence towards death of innocent people due to heat stroke in Karachi.
He said that the JI leadership is determined to impose Islamic rules from Chitral to Karachi adding that the leadership has vowed to eliminate corruption, poverty, unemployment and tyrannous from the country.
He said that negligence of provincial government has unveiled in Sindh and particularly in Karachi adding that the people of Karachi are still facing water shortage and those who have ruled the city for last 30years have failed to ensure relief to the masses.
Speaking on the occasion, JI Karachi chief Hafiz Naeemur Rehman has said that rulers are not taking situation of Karachi seriously and is providing shelter to those who getting assistance from Indian spy agency RAW.
He reiterated that JI leadership will move to court against the criminal negligence of K-Electric; adding that the provincial and federal governments are equally responsible for the death of thousands of innocent people in Karachi due to scorching summer and prolonged load-shedding.
JI leader Abdur Razzaq Khan said that it is unfortunate that federal and provincial government have not yet taken any effective measures over the death of the people due to heat stroke in city.
Meanwhile, an anti-terrorism court (ATC) on Friday reserved verdict on a bail plea submitted by Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) leader Amir Khan till June 29. Counsel for the MQM leader, who has been charged with protecting and harbouring terrorists, argued that neither any evidence nor a witness has been presented against his client.
In response, the Rangers' law officer informed the court that interrogation of the accused has not been completed yet. "The Rangers wrote a letter to Sindh government for Amir Khan's judicial inquiry but no response has been received so far," he stated. After hearing the arguments, the ATC judge reserved verdict on the MQM leader's bail plea till June 29.
Govt fails to provide potable water at Fort Munro
Siraj asks Imran to take one U-turn for masses
K-E asked to provide electricity to ancient villages
Haleem demands justice for slain siblings of Hyderabad
International departures Mughals also used to go to cool kashmir in summers leaving their people behind to 'enjoy' heat and thirst
Mansoor Zaib Khan
Employment, productivity and growth
Samson Simon Sharaf
Shrinking the swamp
Sindh's syndromes
Afrasiab Khattak
Wounds of Waziristan
World Drug Report 2015
Proposed 'Power Emergency'
Addressing Afghan Concerns
A disgraceful nation
Friends to the rulers
Unlimited inanity
Killing with blame game
Rolling some top heads


I've been using this Hockey Forechecking Drill in my practices, and it has worked really well for my team. The thing I really like about it, is that it allows you to work on a lot of different stuff at once. Obviously, the main focus is forechecking, but you're also working on D-Zone Coverage, and Breakouts as well.
If defending team breaks out, forecheckers peel off as soon as puck crosses blue line. After breaking out, the defenders cross the red line, dump it in, and become the NEW forecheckers at the other end.
If the forechecking team scores, coach blows two quick whistles to kill the play, then dumps a new puck into the far end. Defending team hustles to the far end to become the NEW forecheckers.
Give this one a go – I think you'll get some good usage out of it!


Tap groups of two or more matching tiles to merge them. When they merge their number will increase. Your goal is to reach the target number. Tip: When you merge tiles the tile that you tapped will become the new one. You can use this mechanic to strategically set up your next move. Merge It is easy to play but difficult to master. The last two levels are especially challenging, can you beat them within the time limit?


text:
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Dr Yasser Bhatti
Lecturer in Innovation and Strategy
Email: y.bhatti@qmul.ac.uk
Room Number: 3.36A, Bancroft Building, Mile End Campus
Student drop-in and feedback hours
Mondays: 3.00pm-4.00m, Tuesdays: 3.00pm-4.00pm (term time)
Roles: Research and Teaching at QMUL with additional engagement and affiliations including:
Director, Recruitment and Admissions (PG), Queen Mary University of London
(Honorary) Lecturer, Imperial College London
(Non-Stipendiary) Lecturer in Management, New College, University of Oxford
Yasser completed his PhD in Innovation and MSc in Entrepreneurship from University of Oxford's Said Business School with thesis topic: "Frugal innovation: Social entrepreneurs' perceptions of innovation under institutional voids, resource scarcity and affordability constraints."
He has conducted several empirical studies and received grants amounting to £580K as Principal Investigator, Co-Investigator, Co-organizer, and Research Lead from organisations including National Institute for Health Research, Commonwealth Fund, Said Foundation, Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, University of Oxford Software Incubator, Green Templeton College, Research and Management Development Association, and AT&T Foundation.
PhD Supervision: I supervise three Phd candidates at Imperial College London, one of whom has graduated. Please get in touch if interested for supervision at QMUL in areas of my research interest.
For up to date list also check: http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=N5r3oL0AAAAJ&hl
Research Interest/Grants: Yasser's research interests are in innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategy with focus on innovation under constraints, the localisation and globalisation of innovation, and the role of emerging market economies and situated actors such as social entrepreneurs in emerging trends in innovation, particularly in frugal innovation for healthcare. He studies these phenomena through the lens of institutional theory and resource based view. He also has an interest in regional clusters, scenarios and futures.
Bhatti, Y., Basu, R., Barron, D., & Ventresca, M. 2018. Frugal Innovation: Models, Means, Methods. Cambridge University Press.
Harris, M., Bhatti, Y., Prime, M., del Castillo, J., Parston, G., Darzi, A. 2016. Global Diffusion of Healthcare Innovation: Making the Connections. Doha, Qatar: World Innovation Summit for Health. (http://www.wish.org.qa/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IMPJ4495_WISH_GDHI_WEB-1.pdf )
(http://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/management/entrepreneurship-and-innovation/frugalinnovation-models-means-methods )
Bhatti, Y. & Prabhu, J. 2018. (Accepted & forthcoming) Frugal Innovation and Social Innovation: Linked Paths to Achieving Inclusion Sustainably, In Handbook of Inclusive Innovation: The Role of Organizations, Markets and Communities in Social Innovation. Edited by Gerry George, Ted Baker, Paul Tracey and Havovi Joshi: Edward Elgar.
Prime, M., Bhatti, Y., & Harris, M. 2017. Frugal and reverse innovation in surgery. In Global Surgery: The Essentials. Edited by Adrian Park and Ray Price: Springer, pp 193-206.
Bhatti,Y. Khilji, S. & Basu, R. 2013. Frugal Innovation. In Globalization, Change and Learning in South Asia. Edited by Khilji, Shaista & Rowley, Chris. UK: Chandos Publishing. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857094643500076 )
Bhatti, Y., del Castillo, J., Olson, K., and Darzi, A. 2018. Putting humans at the center of healthcare innovation. Harvard Business Review, March. (https://hbr.org/2018/03/putting-humans-at-the-center-of-health-care-innovation )
Prime, M., Attaelmanan, I., Bhatti, Y. et al. 2018. From Malawi to Middlesex – The case of the Arbutus Drill Cover System as an example of the cost saving potential of frugal innovations for the UK NHS. BMJ Innovations, March, 4: 103-110. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2017-000233 )
Harris, M., Bhatti, Y. et al. 2018. Low-Cost Innovation in Healthcare: What you find depends on where you look. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 111(2): 47-50. (https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076817738501 )
Bhatti, Y., Prime, M., Harris, M. et al. 2017. The Search for the Holy Grail: Frugal Innovation in Healthcare from Developing Countries for Reverse Innovation to Developed Countries. BMJ Innovations, 3(4). (http://innovations.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/bmjinnov-2016-000186)
Bhatti, Y., Harris, M., Taylor, A., et al. 2017. Global lessons in frugal innovation to improve healthcare delivery in the United States. Health Affairs, 36(11). (http://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0480 )
Harris, M., Bhatti, Y., et al. 2017. Explicit bias towards high-income country research: a randomized, blinded, crossover experiment in English clinicians. Health Affairs, 36(11). (http://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0773 )
Kulasabanathan, K., Issa, H., Bhatti, Y., Prime, M., del Castillo, J., Darzi, A., Harris, M. 2017. Do International Health Partnerships contribute to Reverse Innovation? A mixed methods study of THET-supported partnerships in the UK. Globalization and Health, 13:25. (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-017-0248-2 )
Prime, M, Bhatti, Y, Harris, M, Darzi, A. 2016. African healthcare innovation: An untapped resource? World Hospitals and Health Services Journal. Special issue on Learning from African Innovations, 52(3).
Harris, M., Bhatti, Y., & Darzi A. 2016. Innovations in health care delivery -- Does the Country of Origin Matter in Health Care Innovation Diffusion? Journal of the American Medical Association, 315(11):1103-4. (http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2503181)
Selin, C., Kimbell, L. Ramirez, R. and Bhatti, Y. 2015. Scenarios and design: Scoping the dialogue space. Futures, 74: November 2015. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328715000804)
Bhatti, Y., Selin, C., Ramirez, R. and Chermack, T. 2015. Introduction to the special issue in futures on design and scenarios. Futures, 74: November 2015.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328715001391)
Bhatti, Y., Nishtar, S. and Scott, I. 2014. Gender equality: Coming soon to emerging markets near you. Ivey Business Journal, March/April issue. (https://bit.ly/2lhpjyD and http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/95698410/)
Bhatti, Y. 2014. Reverse Innovation: Create Far from Home, Win Everywhere. Book Review in South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 3(1), 102-104.
Bhatti, Y. 2013. Jugaad Innovation: Think Frugal, Be Flexible, Generate Breakthrough Growth. Book Review in South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 2(2), 279-282.
Refereed Conference Papers
Bhatti, Y., Mueller, J., Ramirez, R., Tapinose, E. 2017. An Empirical Study of Learning Scenario Planning and of Carrying out Scenario Planning Interventions. British Academy of Management Conference, Warwick, September 5-7, 2017.
Tapinos, E., Ramirez, R., Bhatti, Y. 2017. The Relationship Between Selection, Application and Outcomes of Strategy Tools; the Case of Scenario Planning. Strategic Management Society (SMS) Annual Conference, Houston, October 28-31, 2017.
del Castillo, J., Bhatti, Y., Hossain, M. 2017. The Collaboration between and Contribution of a Digital Open Innovation Platform to a Local Design Process -- The Case of OpenIDEO and Helix End-of-Life Challenge. British Academy of Management Conference, Warwick, September 5-7, 2017.
Attaelmanan, A., Bhatti, Y., Prime, M., Harris, M., Darzi, A. 2017. The development and diffusion of surgical frugal innovations – lessons for the NHS. LSE International Health Policy Conference, London, February 16-19, 2017.
Bhatti, Y. Ramirez, R., and Riaz, S. 2016. Using Live Cases to Learn Scenario Planning – How the purpose matters for impact and meaningfulness. Academy of Management Annual Meeting, 5-9 August 2016, Anaheim. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2016:1 10973; https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/AMBPP.2016.10973abstract
Prime, M. Bhatti. Y, Harris, M., and Darzi, A. 2016. Frugal Innovations for Healthcare: A Toolkit for Innovators. Academy of Management Annual Meeting, 5-9 August 2016, Anaheim. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2016:1 12622; https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/AMBPP.2016.12622abstract
Bhatti, Y. & Ramirez, R. 2015. Using Live Cases to Learn Scenario Planning – What impact on the executives in the Cases? Conference on Improving Scenario Methodology: Theory and Practice, 14-15 December 2015, Warwick Business School.
Bhatti, Y., Kimbell, L., Ramirez, R., and Selin, C. 2014. Scenarios and Design -- Scoping the Dialogue Space for Oxford Futures Forum 2014. Oxford Futures Forum, University of Oxford. (Available at http://www.oxfordfuturesforum.org.uk/)
Banerjee, P., Bhatti, Y., Jain, S., Fu, X., Ventresca, M., and Khilji, S. 2013. Frugal Innovation: Ways forward for Concept, Theory and Practice. 73rd Academy of Management Annual Meeting, 9-13 August 2013, Orlando, Anaheim. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013:1 12079 https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/ambpp.2013.12079symposium
Bhatti, Y. 2013. How social entrepreneurs conceptualize innovation -- the case of frugal innovation. Skoll Centre Research Colloquium on Social Entrepreneurship, 22-25 July, Said Business School, Oxford University. (Also accepted at 6th Annual Conference of the Academy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 29-30 Aug 2013, Oxford and the 2013 International Social Innovation Research, 2-3 Sept, Oxford).
Bhatti, Y. 2012. What is frugal, what is innovation? Towards a theory of frugal innovation. Academy of Management Annual Meeting, 3-7 August 2012, Boston. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2012:1 10794; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2005910
Bhatti, Y. 2012. Towards a theory of frugal innovation. Trans-Atlantic Doctoral Conference, London Business School, 10-12 May, 2012.
Bhatti, Y. 2011. The effect of institutional voids, resource constraints, and affordability constraints on innovation in local and foreign firms in emerging market contexts. 5th Woxbridge Doctoral Conference, Warwick Business School, Warwick, UK, 12-13 April.
Bhatti, Y. The interplay of regional clusters, entrepreneurial activity and innovation across the European Union. 4th Global Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Imperial College, London, 2-3 Oct.
Bhatti, Y. 2010. Establishing the effect of regional clusters on entrepreneurial activity—Evidence from the UK. 4th Woxbridge Doctoral Conference, Judge Business School, Cambridge, 14-15 April.
Bhatti, Y. 2010. Does cluster activity enhance entrepreneurial activity? GEM UK Conference, Aston Business School, Birmingham, 30 March.
Bhatti, Y. 2009. Establishing the effect of regional clusters on entrepreneurial activity. Academy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Conference, Beijing, China, 16-18 July 2009.
Bhatti, Y. 2009. Clusters, Entrepreneurship and Innovation. VII th International Conference on GEM-based Research, Cadiz, Spain, June 2009.
Other (Technical reports and teaching case)
Wadge, H, Bhatti, Y., Carter, A., Harris, M., Parston, G., and Darzi, A. 2016. Brazil's Family Health Strategy: Using Community Health Care Workers to Provide Primary Care, The Commonwealth Fund, December 2016. Available at: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/case-studies/2016/dec/brazil-family-health-strategy
Bhatti, Y. 2010. "Trends from Emerging Markets: Rethinking Globalization, Innovation, and Diversity for Future Leaders". Said Business School and Green Templeton College.
Bhatti, Y. 2009. Teaching case on "Intellectual Property in Software Industry". Said Business, Oxford.
Bhatti, Y. 2009. Establishing the Effect of Regional Clusters on Entrepreneurial Activity—Evidence from the UK. Master's Thesis. Said Business School, Oxford. Won the Dan Gowler Prize for Best Dissertation.
Bhatti, Y. 2008. Manual on Objective Computer Based Testing Techniques. Ministry of IT Pakistan.
Bhatti, Y. 2007. Paper for Higher Education Commission on "A First Step Towards Entrepreneurial Development in Pakistan: Entrepreneurship for Technologists", FAST-NUCES, Islamabad.
Bhatti, Y. 2004. Facilitation of Telecommuting -- Getting the Job Done. UNICEFF Staff Journal, July Issue.
Bhatti, Y. 2004.UNICEF User Manual for e-General Vacancy System. UNICEF, New York.
Malhotra, N., Mitra, S., and Bhatti, Y. 2003. Best Practices in Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity – Project report for AT&T Corp. Georgia-Tech, USA.
Ahmed, N., Bhatti, Y., Bilal, A., and Shaiq, S., 2000. Development Cooperation Report 1996-2000. United Nations Development Programme, Pakistan.
Bhatti, Y. 2001. Strategy for Development of IT Sector. Pakistan Mission to United Nations, NY, USA.


An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is an integrated set of programs that provides support for core organizational activities. ERP is a software infrastructure embedded with "best practices," or best ways to do business based on common business practices or academic theory. The aim is to improve the cooperation and interaction between all the organizations' departments, such as the products planning, manufacturing, purchasing, marketing and customer service department. ERP systems is a fine expression of the inseparability of IT and business. As an enabling key technology as well as an effective managerial tool, ERP systems allow companies to integrate at all levels and utilize important ERP systems applications, such as supply-chain management, financials and accounting applications, human resource management and customer relationship management (Boubekri, 2001). ERP systems hold the promise of improving processes and decreasing costs. Furthermore, two important new frontiers for ERP systems are electronic business (e-business) and supply-chain management (Wang and Nah, 2001). The systems can connect with suppliers, distributors, and customers, facilitating the flow, the product and information. ERP systems implementation is costly and complex. In many cases, an ERP system is the largest single investment in any corporate-wide project. The software is expensive, and the consulting costs even more. Meta Group found that the average ERP systems implementation takes 23 months with total owners' cost of $12 million (Stewart, 2000). The ERP systems implementation is the process where business process and ERP system match each other. Usually the firm has to change the business process per ERP systems. Sometimes most positions have to be redesigned according to the ERP systems. Thus the difficulties and high failure rate in implementing ERP systems have been widely cited in the literature (Davenport, 1998; Kim, Lee, & Gosain, 2005)). The failure percentage of ERP systems was determined by one study as ranging from 40 to 60% and from another study as between 60 and 90% (Langernwalter, 2000; Ptak and Schragenheim, 2000; Yingjie, 2005). Although the failure rates of these ERP implementations have been highly publicized, this has not distracted companies from investing large sums of money on ERP systems (Somers & Nelson, 2004). ERP systems provide companies with the means of integrating their business functions into a unified and integrated business process. As companies implement more enterprise based systems throughout their organizations, the need for integration of these systems becomes even more paramount. Expanding from the functional areas of accounting, human resources, and shop floor control to an enterprise-wide system has become a format for producing full organization integration. Over the past few years, limited research has been conducted about ERP implementation issues: mainly case studies in individual organizations have been reported. That is a motivation toward conducting empirical studies to explore critical factors that affect ERP systems implementation. This study presents the results of an empirical study that surveyed managers from seven corporations, who were identified as having a key role in ERP systems implementation, in order to assess empirically which CSFs are critical in leading a successful implementation of ERP systems. A factor analysis solution was used to derive factors affecting successful ERP implementation. These factors are: ERP implementation management, users aptitudes and communication and technical knowledge. The study reveals that about 81.5 % of the variances in ERP systems implementation were explained by the critical factors identified in the study. The remainder of this article is organized in four sections. First ERP-related literature is reviewed. The next section introduces the research methodology, followed by the presentation of the results. The paper ends with the conclusions and implications for future research and practice.
An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is an integrated set of programs that provides support for core organizational activities. ERP is a software infrastructure embedded with "best practices," or best ways to do business based on common business practices or academic theory. The aim is to improve the cooperation and interaction between all the organizations' departments, such as the products planning, manufacturing, purchasing, marketing and customer service department. ERP systems is a fine expression of the inseparability of IT and business. As an enabling key technology as well as an effective managerial tool, ERP systems allow companies to integrate at all levels and utilize important ERP systems applications, such as supply-chain management, financials and accounting applications, human resource management and customer relationship management (Boubekri, 2001). ERP systems hold the promise of improving processes and decreasing costs. Furthermore, two important new frontiers for ERP systems are electronic business (e-business) and supply-chain management (Wang and Nah, 2001). The systems can connect with suppliers, distributors, and customers, facilitating the flow, the product and information.
ERP systems implementation is costly and complex. In many cases, an ERP system is the largest single investment in any corporate-wide project. The software is expensive, and the consulting costs even more. Meta Group found that the average ERP systems implementation takes 23 months with total owners' cost of $12 million (Stewart, 2000). The ERP systems implementation is the process where business process and ERP system match each other. Usually the firm has to change the business process per ERP systems. Sometimes most positions have to be redesigned according to the ERP systems. Thus the difficulties and high failure rate in implementing ERP systems have been widely cited in the literature (Davenport, 1998; Kim, Lee, & Gosain, 2005)). The failure percentage of ERP systems was determined by one study as ranging from 40 to 60% and from another study as between 60 and 90% (Langernwalter, 2000; Ptak and Schragenheim, 2000; Yingjie, 2005).
Although the failure rates of these ERP implementations have been highly publicized, this has not distracted companies from investing large sums of money on ERP systems (Somers & Nelson, 2004). ERP systems provide companies with the means of integrating their business functions into a unified and integrated business process. As companies implement more enterprise based systems throughout their organizations, the need for integration of these systems becomes even more paramount. Expanding from the functional areas of accounting, human resources, and shop floor control to an enterprise-wide system has become a format for producing full organization integration.
Over the past few years, limited research has been conducted about ERP implementation issues: mainly case studies in individual organizations have been reported. That is a motivation toward conducting empirical studies to explore critical factors that affect ERP systems implementation.
Critical Success Factors: (CSF) indicates the few key areas of activity in which favorable results are absolutely necessary for the manager to succeed.
Change Management: Change management is the process of developing a planned approach to change in an organization. Typically the objective is to maximize the collective benefits for all people involved in the change and minimize the risk of failure of implementing the change.
Business Process Reengineering (BPR): Any radical change in the way in which an organization performs its business activities. BPR involves a fundamental re-think of the business processes followed by a redesign of business activities to enhance all or most of its critical measures—costs, quality of service, staff dynamics, etc.
Project Management: Is the ensemble of activities concerned with successfully achieving a set of goals. This includes planning, scheduling and maintaining progress of the activities that comprise the project.
Factor Analysis: Any of several methods for reducing co-relational data to a smaller number of dimensions or factors; beginning with a correlation matrix a small number of components or factors are extracted that are regarded as the basic variable that account for the interrelations observed in the data.
Project Champion: A member of an organization who creates, defines or adopts a new technological innovation and who is willing to risk his or her position and prestige to make possible the innovation's successful implementation.


text:
Q: how to implement reactjs global configuration I am trying to follow this link about setting up global configuration. And I am unable to make it work.  When I run my reactjs component I get an error that Config is undefined.
my webpack.config file looks like this:
module.exports = {
  entry: './src/app.js',
  externals: {
    'Config': JSON.stringify({
      optionsService: 'http://localhost:8080/options'
    })
  },
  output: {
    path: __dirname,
    filename: 'bundle.js'
  },
  module: {
    loaders: [
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,
        loader: 'babel-loader',
        query: { presets: [ 'es2015', 'react' ] }
      }
    ]
  }
};

and I've tried using it like this:
import React from 'react';
import Config from 'Config';

// these also fail
// const Config = require('Config');
// var Config = require('Config');
// let Config = require('Config');

export default class MyComponent extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
            {Config.optionsService}
            </div>
        );
    }
}

I've also tried the commented out lines, to no available.
What am I doing wrong?
Thank you
Matt

A: $ npm install react-global-configuration

After install:
import config from 'react-global-configuration';

config.set({ foo: 'bar' });

getting your value
import config from 'react-global-configuration';

config.get('foo');


text:
Q: Mocking an Autowired dependency of a dependency in Spring tests I am trying to mock a dependency of a dependency in my tests. Below is what my classes look like.
class A {
  @Autowired B b;
  @Autowired C c;

  public String doA() {

    return b.doB() + c.doC();
  }
}

class C {
  @Autowired D d;

  public String doC() {

    return d.doD();
  }
}

class D {

   public String doD() {

      return "Hello";
   }
}

I am trying to mock the method doD() in class D when calling method doA();
However, I do not want to mock the doB() method in class B.
Below is my test case.
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(
  classes = MyTestApplication.class,
  webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT
)
public class ATest {

  @Autowired
  private A a;

  @InjectMocks
  @Spy
  private C c;

  @Mock
  private D d;

  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
  }

  @Test
  public void testDoA() {

    doReturn("Ola")
      .when(d)
      .doD();

    a.doA();
  }
}

This still ends up returning "Hello" instead of "Ola".
I tried @InjectMocks on A as well in the test class. But that just results in the autowired B dependency B being null.
Is there something that's missing with my setup or is it the wrong way to go about this?
Thank you.

A: Use @MockBean as this will inject the mock bean into the application context before executing the test method docs.

Annotation that can be used to add mocks to a Spring ApplicationContext. Can be used as a class level annotation or on fields in either @Configuration classes, or test classes that are @RunWith the SpringRunner.

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(
classes = MyTestApplication.class,
webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)

  public class ATest {

  @Autowired
  private A a;

  @MockBean
  private D d;

  @Test
  public void testDoA() {

   doReturn("Ola")
      .when(d)
      .doD();

    a.doA();
   }
}


text:
GM Is Adding 400 Jobs to Bowling Green Plant for C8 Corvette Production
Chevrolet Corvette Chief Engineer Tadge Juechter and General Motors Chairman and CEO Mary Barra drive in a camouflaged next generation Corvette down 7th Avenue near Times Square Thursday, April 11, 2019 in New York, New York. The next generation Corvette will be unveiled on July 18. (Photo by Jennifer Altman for Chevrolet)
Wade Thiel·
C8 CorvetteNews
Ushering In a New Corvette Era With New Jobs
The C8 Corvette will bring more than the first mid-engine Corvette. It will also add 400 new jobs to the Bowling Green, Kentucky, facility. The facility will be adding another shift to help with the C8 Corvette production, and that means it needs to hire many more workers. The addition of the 400 employees will bump the total employees for the plant to around 1,300 according to local ABC news station 13 WBKO.
General Motors Chairman and CEO Mary Barra made the announcement today. She was accompanied by Executive Vice President of Global manufacturing Gerald Johnson and United Workers Vice President Terry Dites to make the announcement. Barra congratulated the community on its efforts of helping build the Corvette brand into what it is today. She said this during the announcement:
The Corvette's iconic status owes so much to the men and women of Bowling Green, where it has been built exclusively for almost 40 years. This is the workforce that can deliver a next-generation Corvette worthy of both its historic past and an equally exciting future, and today's announcement gets us one step closer to its reveal on July 18.
It's nice to see Barra and GM acknowledge the hard work of the people at the plant. GM has recently been under fire for closing plants in the U.S. and this is a notable shift. It's good to know the Corvette will continue its legacy in Bowling Green into the C8's lifetime. We're even more excited for the reveal of the C8 in July now.
Wade Thiel
Wade Thiel divides his time between motorcycles, cars, and the outdoors. He lives in Indianapolis, Indiana, and can be found tinkering in his shed when he isn't writing.