Every year, thousands of people are injured in car crashes across the country. While vehicle manufacturers have made great strides in making cars safer by improving airbag design, installing shatter-proof windshields, and equipping cars with more effective seat belts, an alarming percentage of the population are still injured in car accidents. The injuries sustained in car crashes can be severe and leave some victims permanently disabled and struggling with medical expenses, which can be especially frustrating for those whose accidents were caused by someone else's reckless or negligent conduct.
Fortunately, those who are injured as a result of someone else's negligence may be eligible to receive compensation from the at-fault parties, even if they also contributed to their accident in some way. Filing a lawsuit requires compliance with a host of procedural rules, which if violated, could lead to a claim being barred by the court, so if you were injured in a car crash, it is critical to have the advice of an experienced Maumee auto accident lawyer.
Although these types of driver errors are responsible for the majority of car crashes, a surprising number of accidents are actually the result of manufacturer error. In these situations, an injured party can still collect compensation if he or she can establish that a vehicle manufacturer's use of a defective design or their improper assembly of the car caused the accident.
Many of these injuries result in permanent disability, scarring, chronic pain, or even death. Treatment could not only require emergency care, but ongoing therapy, consultations with specialists, and the use of prescription medications. These costs alone can quickly drive a family into debt, especially if the injured party is unable to return to work because of his or her injury.
In some cases, collecting damages from an at-fault party is the only way that a car accident victim can cover medical costs and begin the long process of recovery, so if you were involved in a car crash that was caused by someone else's negligences, please contact Lafferty, Gallagher & Scott, LLC at 419-241-5500 to schedule a free case evaluation with an experienced Maumee auto accident lawyer.


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PAPrepLive.com/
Sunny. High 32F. Winds NNW at 10 to 20 mph..
Partly cloudy early followed by cloudy skies overnight. Some mixed winter precipitation possible. Low near 20F. Winds N at 5 to 10 mph.
In this file photo, former Delaware County District Attorney Katayoun M. Copeland speaks at a press conference announcing a state Senate Bill 773, which would crack down on repeat DUI offenders.
Former D.A. Copeland heads back to feds, cites her accomplishments
From the U.S. Attorney's office in Philadelphia she came, and to the U.S. Attorney's office in Philadelphia she shall return.
Such is the ping-ponging trajectory of outgoing Delaware County District Attorney Katayoun "Kat" Copeland's impressive prosecutorial career, spanning nearly three decades and thousands upon thousands of cases as both a state and federal prosecutor.
"I'm looking forward to continuing along the same career path," Copeland said this week. "It's something I have a passion for, it's what I've done for 28 years and I'm grateful to continue along the same path of keeping our residents safe."
A longtime Radnor resident, Republican Copeland was appointed as the county's top law enforcement officer in January 2018 to serve out the remainder of Jack Whelan's term when he was elected to the Delaware County Common Pleas Court.
Copeland had previously served in the Delaware County D.A.'s office for 19 years, starting in 1992 as an assistant district attorney. She later became chief of drug enforcement and headed the Criminal-Terrorism Unit. By 2004, she had become a deputy district attorney, where she continued to oversee terrorism-intelligence concerns and drug enforcement efforts.
Copeland estimates that by the time she first joined the U.S. Attorney's Office in 2011, she had already prosecuted more than 4,000 cases in Delaware County. She continued handling cases involving international drug operations, large-scale racketeering conspiracies and attempted murders as a federal prosecutor, only leaving the post when the opportunity arose to become Delaware County's district attorney.
With the election of Jack Stollsteimer, who was sworn in this week as the first Democrat to take the District Attorney post, Copeland said she is now on her way back to the feds in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, having enthusiastically accepted an offer to work under her old colleague, U.S. Attorney William McSwain.
"I'm looking forward to working in an office of such collegial people and individuals who I have had the pleasure of working with before, and I'm looking forward to working with Bill McSwain and supporting his mission of keeping our nine counties safe," she said. "I'm excited about the new opportunities available to me, and it's nice to be able to look back on the last two years and have appreciated every single moment of being the district attorney of Delaware County. I've not only appreciated the mission that we've pursued as an office, but I've appreciated the individuals with whom I've had the ability to engage in that mission with."
And there is much to be appreciative about. Copeland took on numerous efforts to combat the opioid epidemic, aggressively pursue child predators and improve community safety during her tenure, including an increased police presence in the Sun Village section of Chester that she said has drastically reduced gun violence and violent crime.
"I think that speaks volumes about what kind of partnerships can truly make a difference in the community with good, hard work," she said. "It was wonderful to see how much they appreciated it, too, that they were able to sit out on their steps and enjoy a beautiful day without being concerned about what would happen to them. They got to come out of their houses and engage with their neighbors, and not worry about things like gunfire or people coming in and robbing them."
County council on Wednesday approved a $500,000 grant for an anti-Violence/Gun Initiative that Copeland said she had applied for with the hope of expanding the successes in Sun Village to other areas.
Copeland also took on large-scale issues, including an investigation into the Sunoco Mariner East pipeline with state Attorney General Josh Shapiro and the Glen Mills Schools, which is accused of fostering a culture of abuse for decades.
On the court side, Copeland said she was proud of the work her administration did with a newer "Second Chance Court" and Drug Treatment Court, which earned accreditation from the National Drug Court Institute through a stringent application process.
"We've always, as an office, been ahead of many of our neighboring communities," Copeland said. "We began Drug Treatment Court in the late '90s, in 1997; I started it under Pat Meehan. We brought in Veterans Court. After I left they created the Mental Health Court under Jack Whelan when he was district attorney. He created the Second Chance Court. And they have each been successful programs which have served the community well."
Another major focus of her administration was senior crime, which Copeland said she hopes will continue to be at the fore of the office following her departure. She said she looked over her schedule of the past two years and was struck by just how many events had been conducted for seniors.
With a new district attorney comes a new staff, however, and Copeland posted a list of outgoing employees to social media last weekend as a homage to those departing with her. She noted those leaving collectively had 212 years of unblemished service to the county.
"I was sad to leave the office along with so many of my coworkers, as I consider them all family members," she said. "I wanted to make sure on my last day that it wasn't about me, that it was about them, so we celebrated all 12 of them and it was wonderful to be able to spend your last day celebrating the careers of individuals who have accomplished so very much."
But Copeland was also heartened that much of the staff was retained and wished them continued success in the office under their new boss.
"I am proud of the hard work that they will continue to do as an office and that Mr. Stollsteimer will have the benefit of their historical knowledge, of their dedication, of what they have learned throughout the years from all these individuals who have now left the office, and that they will be able to, God willing, continue the mission of the office, of keeping the residents of Delaware County safe," she said.
New motto, new committees, new future for Keffer's U.D.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The sequel to my wildly successfully album, Royalty Free Background Music. This album contains a selection of new songs from my as-yet unwritten musical comedy, School Reunion. It contains songs that would be the perfect backing for a number of different genres, settings and moods, for use in YouTube videos, home videos, and much more. If you would like to use the pieces commercially, please contact us. Otherwise, you're free to use the pieces anywhere you please!
This product is a digital download containing 12 songs. After payment, your album will be immediately available for download.


text:
| November 24, 2012, 12:32 pm
Man convicted in Fort Collins cold case exonerated; now who killed Peggy Hettrick?
Tim Masters was a 15-year-old sophomore at Fort Collins High School when he spotted something that didn't look real on his way to his bus stop.
Peggy Hettrick, 37
Courtesy Fort Collins Police
He walked up to within six feet of the woman's body that lay on her back in a field about 100 feet from the 3800 block of South Landings Drive. Her bra, blouse and black coat had been pushed up above her breasts; her panties and bluejeans had been pulled down to her knees.
It was also only 100 feet from the trailer where Masters lived with his father. To Masters, it looked more like a mannequin. It was very real though.
It was the body of 37-year-old Peggy Lee Hettrick.
Hettrick was a college dropout and aspiring writer who was known for wearing fanciful hats while she worked as manager of the accessories department in the old Fashion Bar clothing store. An avid cook, she packed lunches of shrimp and avocado. She was writing a book. Her half-written, neatly typed novel about diamond smugglers was in a drawer in her apartment.
Categories: City of Fort Collins
| November 17, 2012, 8:57 am
Denver 16-year-old boy shot in cross-fire at park
Xavier Walker used to crack his older sister Brandis Patterson up.
[media-credit id=183 align="alignleft" width="160″][/media-credit] Xavier Walker, 16
Courtesy of the Colorado Bureau of Investigation
There was that time when he told her the only way he could get his big head in a football helmet was to slather grease all over his hair. The way he described it, she could picture him straining to pull the helmet on. She laughed and laughed.
Xavier was somewhat of a jokester.
"He made people laugh," Brandis said.
Xavier could draw Daffy Duck and other Disney characters in such hilarious detail in his special drawing pad.
Xavier would pull the pad out and show Brandis, who was two years older. He drew elaborate drawings of super heroes of his own invention with bulging muscles.
Alamosa woman kidnapped before testifying against suspect in home invasion
The cryptic messages were drawn in snow near Zapata Falls, just south of Great Sand Dunes National Park.
Angelica Sandoval
"Help. Danger. Call Cops. Angel loves Lariah."
Along with the words, there were arrows pointing to where Angelica Sandoval may have been taken while held captive.
The discovery gave her family momentary hope they soon would find the mother of 1-year-old Lariah.
But the 21-year-old Alamosa woman, who was 4-feet-11 and weighed 105 pounds, remains missing since she vanished Feb. 23, 2011 just days before she was to testify in a burglary
Comments Off on Alamosa woman kidnapped before testifying against suspect in home invasion
| November 2, 2012, 2:15 am
Greeley child snatched from living room after Christmas concert
Jonelle Matthews, 12, disappeared 30 years ago, photo courtesy Greeley Police Department
It was a busy night.
In an active family that always seemed to be going in different directions at the same time, the four members were doing different things.
That night Jonelle Renee Matthews' mother Gloria was flying out of state to spend time with her father over the holidays.
Her sister Jennifer, then 16, was playing basketball for Greeley Central High School.
Jonelle's father, Jim Matthews, the principal of Platte Valley Elementary School in Kersey, first took her to a fast food restaurant for a quick hamburger before driving her to Franklin Middle School. He then drove to the high school to catch Jennifer's basketball game.
Jonelle got on a bus with classmates who were part of a choir. They traveled together to a nursing home to sing Christmas carols. Jonelle loved to sing. She was also on a choir at her church.
After the concert was over, Jonelle caught a ride home with her friend Deanna Ross and her father Russell Ross. The Rosses noticed that the garage door had been left open.
Categories: City of Greeley, Colo.


Bellator announced the next step in its European expansion initiative with details of the first event in the exclusive U.K., Ireland and Western Europe fight series. Set for Newcastle, England, Bellator returns to Metro Radio Arena on Saturday, Feb. 9 for Bellator Newcastle: Pitbull vs. Scope.
One of the most feared competitors on the roster, Patricky "Pitbull" Freire (20-8) returns for lightweight action against one of Bellator's most promising British fighters in former BAMMA champ Ryan Scope (11-1).
A perennial contender since joining Bellator in 2011 at Bellator 36, Patricky made an immediate impact by emphatically knocking out two true veterans of the sport. However, his most impressive run has come as of late, stringing together six wins in seven bouts and winning his last four against Josh Thomson, Benson Henderson, Derek Campos and Roger Huerta. Looking to put quickly himself back in the lightweight title picture, the 32-year-old Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt out of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, will have to get past a former world champion on his own quest to capturing gold.
Ryan Scope will enter the Bellator cage for the first time on February 9 looking to improve upon his exceptional 11-1 mark as a professional; a record the Sunderland fighter accrued on the European MMA scene since turning pro at age 17. With eight stoppages in his 11 wins, Scope will face an opponent who shares his affinity for not allowing fights to go the distance. At only 26 years of age and now free from injury, "Big Baby" find himself in his toughest test to date in hopes of a memorable Bellator debut in front of a partisan crown in Newcastle.
Going with Pitbull in this one.


How about decorating your look with these enchanting earrings? The pair has been studded with gorgeous Boi Poi black spinels that are dazzles beautifully at your earlobes. It features a gorgeous dangling pattern for adding a dramatic dangle to your look. Made out of Platinum Overlay Sterling Silver, these designer's inspired duo is perfect to wear on special occasions.
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I have experienced a number of Crossfit Gym's and I rate Thermal as the best. The real difference is the coaching. The owner, Vinny, is not only extremely knowledgeable, but he also cares about his clients and is vested in their health. It's a friendly atmosphere that offers something for the beginner as well as the long time athlete.
Whether an experienced athlete or brand new to crossfit you should check out crossfit Thermal! I joined Thermal about 6 months ago and it has been an amazing experience. The coaches are so knowledgeable and give you the individual attention you need to reach your fitness goals. Every class is challenging and fun. The Thermal community is supportive and encourage you to be the best you can be!
Crossfit Thermal is a top notch facility with coaching to match.
Vinny is an amazing coach and really tunes in to the athletes and his/her needs. His passion and knowledge of Crossfit makes class very enjoyable. I am always challenged by each and every WOD.
The growing community is awesome and supportive – it makes you feel like you are a part of a family.
If you are thinking about testing the Crossfit waters or are in the area, Crossfit Thermal is the place to go!
Vinny provides an excellent combination of motivating a person while making the workout fun. I have been going to the gym for years but never had someone instruct me on proper lifting. In a very fun, encouraging, and supporting way Vinny made some positive corrections in my deadlift technique and I instantly could feel the difference. The Crossfit Thermal facilities are top notch.
I had recovered from a car accident in 2005 and now 9 years later am still hesitant to do some movements with moderate to heavy weight when doing back exercises. However, I felt really comfortable receiving instruction from Vinny on proper lifting technique, not pressured to lift at a weight higher than I was comfortable, and challenged in a fun way. After learning proper technique from Vinny I felt more confident in what my body can do. Next time I'll place more weight on the bar!
The warm-up, instruction of the WOD, and the instruction on the individual activities was the perfect length of time and made me feel ready to exercise. The music at Crossfit Thermal is much better than the gym! Fun, motivating, and charged music kept me going. Even better, I didn't have to wear any ear buds and a music player that usually gets in the way when exercising. I enjoyed the team effort in completing the WOD. Vinny has very positive and infectious energy that makes exercising fun and physically productive.
Best Crossfit Class I have ever taken!
My husband and I moved to Conshy and we are so excited we found Thermal! We had a great community back in AZ and didn't think we would be lucky enough to find that again, but we did! Coach Vinny, Coach P, Coach Sarah and Coach KT are so knowledgable and fun to take classes with. There is a huge focus on the movements and being efficient. Programming is excellent! Love this box!


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Q: django second project on the same server: Settings file logic not evaluating properly? I have a server running two django projects and I have made an environment variable on my server and I check to see if it is there before running some logic in the settings which will choose whether debug is on or off... This works perfectly in my first project but I just implemented it in my second and there are a few problems...
if 'PRODUCTION_SERVER' in os.environ:
    REAL = True
else:
    REAL = False

if REAL:
    DEBUG = False
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['mydomain.com',]
else:
    # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
    TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True
    DEBUG = True
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

*

*The setting of the REAL variable is evaluating to False and I have already checked that it is in my server environment, both from an ssh shell and the django shell. Why would that be?

EDIT, I exported the variable in /etc/bash.bashrc...
export PRODUCTION=True

and when I look at printenv I see that it is there...

A: make both variables as either PRODUCTION or PRODUCTION_SERVER. Also, if I may add, don't default to debug = True, since you will need different settings for testing, development, staging etc. You can have a base.py in settings folder and inherit that file with DEBUG=true/false in your respective dev.py/prod.py

A: I was never able to find out what my problem was, I ended up realizing that I had different BASE_DIR settings for the different servers, so I wrote an if statement based on that to differentiate between the two.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Roman triumph () was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly celebrate and sanctify the success of a military commander who had led Roman forces to victory in the service of the state or, in some historical traditions, one who had successfully completed a foreign war.

On the day of his triumph, the general wore a crown of laurel and an all-purple, gold-embroidered triumphal toga picta ("painted" toga), regalia that identified him as near-divine or near-kingly. In some accounts, his face was painted red, perhaps in imitation of Rome's highest and most powerful god, Jupiter. The general rode in a four-horse chariot through the streets of Rome in unarmed procession with his army, captives, and the spoils of his war. At Jupiter's temple on the Capitoline Hill, he offered sacrifice and the tokens of his victory to Jupiter.

In Republican tradition, only the Senate could grant a triumph. The origins and development of this honour were obscure: Roman historians placed the first triumph in the mythical past. Republican morality required that the general conduct himself with dignified humility, as a mortal citizen who triumphed on behalf of Rome's Senate, people, and gods. Inevitably, the triumph offered the general extraordinary opportunities for self-publicity, besides its religious and military dimensions. Most triumphal celebrations included a range of popular games and entertainments for the Roman masses.

Most Roman festivals were calendar fixtures, tied to the worship of particular deities. While the triumphal procession culminated at Jupiter's temple, the procession itself, attendant feasting, and public games promoted the general's status and achievement. By the Late Republican era, triumphs were drawn out and extravagant, motivated by increasing competition among the military-political adventurers who ran Rome's nascent empire. Some triumphs were prolonged by several days of public games and entertainments. From the Principate onwards, the triumph reflected the Imperial order and the pre-eminence of the Imperial family. The triumph was consciously imitated by medieval and later states in the royal entry and other ceremonial events.

Background and ceremonies

The vir triumphalis
In Republican Rome, truly exceptional military achievement merited the highest possible honours, which connected the vir triumphalis ("man of triumph", later known as a triumphator) to Rome's mythical and semi-mythical past. In effect, the general was close to being "king for a day", and possibly close to divinity. He wore the regalia traditionally associated both with the ancient Roman monarchy and with the statue of Jupiter Capitolinus: the purple and gold "toga picta", laurel crown, red boots and, again possibly, the red-painted face of Rome's supreme deity. He was drawn in procession through the city in a four-horse chariot, under the gaze of his peers and an applauding crowd, to the temple of Capitoline Jupiter. His spoils and captives led the way; his armies followed behind. Once at the Capitoline temple, he sacrificed two white oxen to Jupiter, and laid tokens of victory at the feet of Jupiter's statue, thus dedicating the triumph to the Roman Senate, people, and gods.

Triumphs were tied to no particular day, season, or religious festival of the Roman calendar. Most seem to have been celebrated at the earliest practicable opportunity, probably on days that were deemed auspicious for the occasion. Tradition required that, for the duration of a triumph, every temple was open. The ceremony was thus, in some sense, shared by the whole community of Roman gods, but overlaps were inevitable with specific festivals and anniversaries. Some may have been coincidental; others were designed. For example, March 1, the festival and dies natalis of the war god Mars, was the traditional anniversary of the first triumph by Publicola (504 BCE), of six other Republican triumphs, and of the very first Roman triumph by Romulus. Pompey postponed his third and most magnificent triumph for several months to make it coincide with his own dies natalis (birthday).

Religious dimensions aside, the focus of the triumph was the general himself. The ceremony promoted him – however temporarily – above every mortal Roman. This was an opportunity granted to very few. From the time of Scipio Africanus, the triumphal general was linked (at least for historians during the Principate) to Alexander and the demi-god Hercules, who had laboured selflessly for the benefit of all mankind. His sumptuous triumphal chariot was bedecked with charms against the possible envy (invidia) and malice of onlookers. In some accounts, a companion or public slave would remind him from time to time of his own mortality (a memento mori).

The procession
Rome's earliest "triumphs" were probably simple victory parades, celebrating the return of a victorious general and his army to the city, along with the fruits of his victory, and ending with some form of dedication to the gods. This is probably so for the earliest legendary and later semi-legendary triumphs of Rome's regal era, when the king functioned as Rome's highest magistrate and war-leader. As Rome's population, power, influence, and territory increased, so did the scale, length, variety, and extravagance of its triumphal processions.

The procession (pompa) mustered in the open space of the Campus Martius (Field of Mars) probably well before first light. From there, all unforeseen delays and accidents aside, it would have managed a slow walking pace at best, punctuated by various planned stops en route to its final destination of the Capitoline temple, a distance of just under 4 km (2.48 mi). Triumphal processions were notoriously long and slow; the longest could last for two or three days, and possibly more, and some may have been of greater length than the route itself.

Some ancient and modern sources suggest a fairly standard processional order. First came the captive leaders, allies, and soldiers (and sometimes their families) usually walking in chains; some were destined for execution or further display. Their captured weapons, armour, gold, silver, statuary, and curious or exotic treasures were carted behind them, along with paintings, tableaux, and models depicting significant places and episodes of the war. Next in line, all on foot, came Rome's senators and magistrates, followed by the general's lictors in their red war-robes, their fasces wreathed in laurel, then the general in his four-horse chariot. A companion, or a public slave, might share the chariot with him or, in some cases, his youngest children. His officers and elder sons rode horseback nearby. His unarmed soldiers followed in togas and laurel crowns, chanting "io triumphe!" and singing ribald songs at their general's expense. Somewhere in the procession, two flawless white oxen were led for the sacrifice to Jupiter, garland-decked and with gilded horns. All this was done to the accompaniment of music, clouds of incense, and the strewing of flowers.

Almost nothing is known of the procession's infrastructure and management. Its doubtless enormous cost was defrayed in part by the state but mostly by the general's loot, which most ancient sources dwell on in great detail and unlikely superlatives. Once disposed, this portable wealth injected huge sums into the Roman economy; the amount brought in by Octavian's triumph over Egypt triggered a fall in interest rates and a sharp rise in land prices. No ancient source addresses the logistics of the procession: where the soldiers and captives, in a procession of several days, could have slept and eaten, or where these several thousands plus the spectators could have been stationed for the final ceremony at the Capitoline temple.

The route
The following schematic is for the route taken by "some, or many" triumphs, and is based on standard modern reconstructions. Any original or traditional route would have been diverted to some extent by the city's many redevelopments and re-building, or sometimes by choice. The starting place (the Campus Martius) lay outside the city's sacred boundary (pomerium), bordering the eastern bank of the Tiber. The procession entered the city through a Porta Triumphalis (Triumphal Gate), and crossed the pomerium, where the general surrendered his command to the senate and magistrates. It continued through the site of the Circus Flaminius, skirting the southern base of the Capitoline Hill and the Velabrum, along a Via Triumphalis (Triumphal Way) towards the Circus Maximus, perhaps dropping off any prisoners destined for execution at the Tullianum. It entered the Via Sacra then the Forum. Finally, it ascended the Capitoline Hill to the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. Once the sacrifice and dedications were completed, the procession and spectators dispersed to banquets, games, and other entertainments sponsored by the triumphing general.

Banquets, games, and entertainments
In most triumphs, the general funded any post-procession banquets from his share of the loot. There were feasts for the people and separate, much richer feasts for the elite; some went on for most of the night. Dionysius offers a contrast to the lavish triumphal banquets of his time by giving Romulus's triumph the most primitive possible "banquet" – ordinary Romans setting up food-tables as a "welcome home", and the returning troops taking swigs and bites as they marched by. He recreates the first Republican triumphal banquet along the same lines. Varro claims that his aunt earned 20,000 sesterces by supplying 5,000 thrushes for Caecilius Metellus's triumph of 71 BCE.

Some triumphs included ludi as fulfillment of the general's vow to a god or goddess, made before battle or during its heat, in return for their help in securing victory. In the Republic, they were paid for by the triumphing general. Marcus Fulvius Nobilior vowed ludi in return for victory over the Aetolian League and paid for ten days of games at his triumph.

Commemoration

Most Romans would never have seen a triumph, but its symbolism permeated Roman imagination and material culture. Triumphal generals minted and circulated high value coins to propagate their triumphal fame and generosity empire-wide. Pompey's issues for his three triumphs are typical. One is an aureus (a gold coin) that has a laurel-wreathed border enclosing a head which personifies Africa; beside it, Pompey's title "Magnus" ("The Great"), with wand and jug as symbols of his augury. The reverse identifies him as proconsul in a triumphal chariot attended by Victory. A triumphal denarius (a silver coin) shows his three trophies of captured arms, with his augur's wand and jug. Another shows a globe surrounded by triumphal wreaths, symbolising his "world conquest", and an ear of grain to show that his victory protected Rome's grain supply.

In Republican tradition, a general was expected to wear his triumphal regalia only for the day of his triumph; thereafter, they were presumably displayed in the atrium of his family home. As one of the nobility, he was entitled to a particular kind of funeral in which a string of actors walked behind his bier wearing the masks of his ancestors; another actor represented the general himself and his highest achievement in life by wearing his funeral mask, triumphal laurels, and toga picta. Anything more was deeply suspect; Pompey was granted the privilege of wearing his triumphal wreath at the Circus, but he met with a hostile reception. Julius Caesar's penchant for wearing his triumphal regalia "wherever and whenever" was taken as one among many signs of monarchical intentions which, for some, justified his murder. In the Imperial era, emperors wore such regalia to signify their elevated rank and office and to identify themselves with the Roman gods and Imperial order – a central feature of Imperial cult.

The building and dedication of monumental public works offered local, permanent opportunities for triumphal commemoration. In 55 BCE, Pompey inaugurated Rome's first stone-built Theatre as a gift to the people of Rome, funded by his spoils. Its gallery and colonnades doubled as an exhibition space and likely contained statues, paintings, and other trophies carried at his various triumphs. It contained a new temple to Pompey's patron goddess Venus Victrix ("Victorious Venus"); the year before, he had issued a coin which showed her crowned with triumphal laurels. Julius Caesar claimed Venus as both patron and divine ancestress; he funded a new temple to her and dedicated it during his quadruple triumph of 46 BCE. He thus wove his patron goddess and putative ancestress into his triumphal anniversary.

Augustus, Caesar's heir and Rome's first emperor, built a vast triumphal monument on the Greek coast at Actium, overlooking the scene of his decisive sea-battle against Antony and Egypt; the bronze beaks of captured Egyptian warships projected from its seaward wall. Imperial iconography increasingly identified Emperors with the gods, starting with the Augustan reinvention of Rome as a virtual monarchy (the principate). Sculpted panels on the arch of Titus (built by Domitian) celebrate Titus' and Vespasian's joint triumph over the Jews after the siege of Jerusalem, with a triumphal procession of captives and treasures seized from the temple of Jerusalem – some of which funded the building of the Colosseum. Another panel shows the funeral and apotheosis of the deified Titus. Prior to this, the senate voted Titus a triple-arch at the Circus Maximus to celebrate or commemorate the same victory or triumph.

Awarding a triumph
In Republican tradition, only the Senate could grant a triumph. A general who wanted a triumph would dispatch his request and report to the Senate. Officially, triumphs were granted for outstanding military merit; the state paid for the ceremony if this and certain other conditions were met – and these seem to have varied from time to time, and from case to case – or the Senate would pay for the official procession, at least. Most Roman historians rest the outcome on an open Senatorial debate and vote, its legality confirmed by one of the people's assemblies; the senate and people thus controlled the state's coffers and rewarded or curbed its generals. Some triumphs seem to have been granted outright, with minimal debate. Some were turned down but went ahead anyway, with the general's direct appeal to the people over the senate and a promise of public games at his own expense. Others were blocked or granted only after interminable wrangling. Senators and generals alike were politicians, and Roman politics was notorious for its rivalries, shifting alliances, back-room dealings, and overt public bribery. The senate's discussions would likely have hinged on triumphal tradition, precedent, and propriety; less overtly but more anxiously, it would hinge on the extent of the general's political and military powers and popularity, and the possible consequences of supporting or hindering his further career. There is no firm evidence that the Senate applied a prescribed set of "triumphal laws" when making their decisions, Valerius Maximus extrapolated various "triumphal laws" from disputed historic accounts of actual practice. They included one law that the general must have killed at least 5,000 of the enemy in a single battle, and another that he must swear an oath that his account was the truth. No evidence has survived for either of these laws, or any other laws relating to triumphs.

Ovation

A general might be granted a "lesser triumph", known as an Ovation. He entered the city on foot, minus his troops, in his magistrate's toga and wearing a wreath of Venus' myrtle. In 211 BCE, the Senate turned down Marcus Marcellus' request for a triumph after his victory over the Carthaginians and their Sicilian-Greek allies, apparently because his army was still in Sicily and unable to join him. They offered him instead a thanksgiving (supplicatio) and ovation. The day before it, he celebrated an unofficial triumph on the Alban Mount. His ovation was of triumphal proportions. It included a large painting, showing his siege of Syracuse, the siege engines themselves,  captured plate, gold, silver, and royal ornaments, and the statuary and opulent furniture for which Syracuse was famous. Eight elephants were led in the procession, symbols of his victory over the Carthaginians. His Spanish and Syracusan allies led the way wearing golden wreaths; they were granted Roman citizenship and lands in Sicily.

In 71 BCE, Crassus earned an ovation for quashing the Spartacus revolt, and increased his honours by wearing a crown of Jupiter's "triumphal" laurel. Ovations are listed along with triumphs on the Fasti Triumphales.

Sources

The Fasti Triumphales (also called Acta Triumphalia) are stone tablets that were erected in the Forum Romanum around 12 BCE, during the reign of Emperor Augustus. They give the general's formal name, the names of his father and grandfather, the people(s) or command province whence the triumph was awarded, and the date of the triumphal procession. They record over 200 triumphs, starting with three mythical triumphs of Romulus in 753 BCE and ending with that of Lucius Cornelius Balbus (19 BCE). Fragments of similar date and style from Rome and provincial Italy appear to be modeled on the Augustan Fasti, and have been used to fill some of its gaps.

Many ancient historical accounts also mention triumphs. Most Roman accounts of triumphs were written to provide their readers with a moral lesson, rather than to provide an accurate description of the triumphal process, procession, rites, and their meaning. This scarcity allows only the most tentative and generalised (and possibly misleading) reconstruction of triumphal ceremony, based on the combination of various incomplete accounts from different periods of Roman history.

Evolution

Origins and Regal era

The origins and development of this honour are obscure. Roman historians placed the first triumph in the mythical past; some thought that it dated from Rome's foundation; others thought it more ancient than that. Roman etymologists thought that the soldiers' chant of triumpe was a borrowing via Etruscan of the Greek thriambus (θρίαμβος), cried out by satyrs and other attendants in Dionysian and Bacchic processions. Plutarch and some Roman sources traced the first Roman triumph and the "kingly" garb of the triumphator to Rome's first king Romulus, whose defeat of King Acron of the Caeninenses was thought coeval with Rome's foundation in 753 BCE. Ovid projected a fabulous and poetic triumphal precedent in the return of the god Bacchus/Dionysus from his conquest of India, drawn in a golden chariot by tigers and surrounded by maenads, satyrs, and assorted drunkards. Arrian attributed similar Dionysian and "Roman" elements to a victory procession of Alexander the Great. Like much in Roman culture, elements of the triumph were based on Etruscan and Greek precursors; in particular, the purple, embroidered toga picta worn by the triumphal general was thought to be derived from the royal toga of Rome's Etruscan kings.

For triumphs of the Roman regal era, the surviving Imperial Fasti Triumphales are incomplete. After three entries for the city's legendary founder Romulus, eleven lines of the list are missing. Next in sequence are Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and finally Tarquin "the proud", the last king. The Fasti were compiled some five centuries after the regal era, and probably represent an approved, official version of several different historical traditions. Likewise, the earliest surviving written histories of the regal era, written some centuries after it, attempt to reconcile various traditions, or else debate their merits. Dionysius, for example, gives Romulus three triumphs, the same number given in the Fasti. Livy gives him none, and credits him instead with the first spolia opima, in which the arms and armour were stripped off a defeated foe, then dedicated to Jupiter. Plutarch gives him one, complete with chariot. Tarquin has two triumphs in the Fasti but none in Dionysius. No ancient source gives a triumph to Romulus' successor, the peaceful king Numa.

The Republic
Rome's aristocrats expelled their last king as a tyrant and legislated the monarchy out of existence. They shared among themselves the kingship's former powers and authority in the form of magistracies. In the Republic, the highest possible magistracy was an elected consulship, which could be held for no more than a year at a time. In times of crisis or emergency, the Senate might appoint a dictator to serve a longer term; but this could seem perilously close to the lifetime power of kings. The dictator Camillus was awarded four triumphs but was eventually exiled. Later Roman sources point to his triumph of 396 BCE as a cause for offense; the chariot was drawn by four white horses, a combination properly reserved for Jupiter and Apollo – at least in later lore and poetry. The demeanour of a triumphal Republican general, and the symbols he employed in his triumph, would have been closely scrutinised by his aristocratic peers, alert for any sign that he might aspire to be more than "king for a day".

In the Middle to Late Republic, Rome's expansion through conquest offered her political-military adventurers extraordinary opportunities for self-publicity; the long-drawn series of wars between Rome and Carthage – the Punic Wars – produced twelve triumphs in ten years. Towards the end of the Republic, triumphs became still more frequent, lavish, and competitive, with each display an attempt (usually successful) to outdo the last. To have a triumphal ancestor – even one long-dead – counted for a lot in Roman society and politics. Cicero remarked that, in the race for power and influence, some individuals were not above vesting an inconveniently ordinary ancestor with triumphal grandeur and dignity, distorting an already fragmentary and unreliable historical tradition.

To Roman historians, the growth of triumphal ostentation undermined Rome's ancient "peasant virtues". Dionysius of Halicarnassus (c. 60 BCE to after 7 BCE) claimed that the triumphs of his day had "departed in every respect from the ancient tradition of frugality". Moralists complained that successful foreign wars might have increased Rome's power, security, and wealth, but they also created and fed a degenerate appetite for bombastic display and shallow novelty. Livy traces the start of the rot to the triumph of Gnaeus Manlius Vulso in 186, which introduced ordinary Romans to such Galatian fripperies as specialist chefs, flute girls, and other "seductive dinner-party amusements". Pliny adds "sideboards and one-legged tables" to the list, but lays responsibility for Rome's slide into luxury on the "1400 pounds of chased silver ware and 1500 pounds of golden vessels" brought somewhat earlier by Scipio Asiaticus for his triumph of 189 BCE.

The three triumphs awarded to Pompey the Great were lavish and controversial. The first in 80 or 81 BCE was for his victory over King Hiarbas of Numidia in 79 BCE, granted by a cowed and divided Senate under the dictatorship of Pompey's patron Sulla. Pompey was only 24 and a mere equestrian. Roman conservatives disapproved of such precocity but others saw his youthful success as the mark of a prodigious military talent, divine favour, and personal brio; and he also had an enthusiastic, popular following. His triumph, however, did not go quite to plan. His chariot was drawn by a team of elephants in order to represent his African conquest – and perhaps to outdo even the legendary triumph of Bacchus. They proved too bulky to pass through the triumphal gate, so Pompey had to dismount while a horse team was yoked in their place. This embarrassment would have delighted his critics, and probably some of his soldiers – whose demands for cash had been near-mutinous. Even so, his firm stand on the matter of cash raised his standing among the conservatives, and Pompey seems to have learned a lesson in populist politics. For his second triumph (71 BCE, the last in a series of four held that year) his cash gifts to his army were said to break all records, though the amounts in Plutarch's account are implausibly high: 6,000 sesterces to each soldier (about six times their annual pay) and about 5 million to each officer.

Pompey was granted a third triumph in 61 BCE to celebrate his victory over Mithridates VI of Pontus. It was an opportunity to outdo all rivals – and even himself. Triumphs traditionally lasted for one day, but Pompey's went on for two in an unprecedented display of wealth and luxury. Plutarch claimed that this triumph represented Pompey's domination over the entire world – on Rome's behalf – and an achievement to outshine even Alexander's. Pliny's narrative of this triumph dwells with ominous hindsight upon a gigantic portrait-bust of the triumphant general, a thing of "eastern splendor" entirely covered with pearls, anticipating his later humiliation and decapitation.

Imperial era

Following Caesar's murder, Octavian assumed the permanent title of imperator and became the permanent head of the Senate from 27 BCE (see principate) under the title and name Augustus. Only the year before, he had blocked the senatorial award of a triumph to Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger, despite the latter's acclamation in the field as Imperator and his fulfillment of all traditional, Republican qualifying criteria except full consulship. Technically, generals in the Imperial era were legates of the ruling Emperor (Imperator). Augustus claimed the victory as his own but permitted Crassus a second, which is listed on the Fasti for 27 BCE. Crassus was also denied the rare (and technically permissible, in his case) honour of dedicating the spolia opima of this campaign to Jupiter Feretrius.

The last triumph listed on the Fasti Triumphales is for 19 BCE. By then, the triumph had been absorbed into the Augustan Imperial cult system, in which only the emperor would be accorded such a supreme honour, as he was the supreme Imperator. The Senate, in true Republican style, would have held session to debate and decide the merits of the candidate; but this was little more than good form. Augustan ideology insisted that Augustus had saved and restored the Republic, and it celebrated his triumph as a permanent condition, and his military, political, and religious leadership as responsible for an unprecedented era of stability, peace, and prosperity. From then on, emperors claimed – without seeming to claim – the triumph as an Imperial privilege. Those outside the Imperial family might be granted "triumphal ornaments" (Ornamenta triumphalia) or an ovation, such as Aulus Plautius under Claudius. The senate still debated and voted on such matters, though the outcome was probably already decided. In the Imperial era, the number of triumphs fell sharply.

Imperial panegyrics of the later Imperial era combine triumphal elements with Imperial ceremonies such as the consular investiture of Emperors, and the adventus, the formal "triumphal" arrival of an emperor in the various capitals of the Empire in his progress through the provinces. Some emperors were perpetually on the move and seldom or never went to Rome. Christian emperor Constantius II entered Rome for the first time in his life in 357, several years after defeating his rival Magnentius, standing in his triumphal chariot "as if he were a statue". Theodosius I celebrated his victory over the usurper Magnus Maximus in Rome on June 13, 389. Claudian's panegyric to Emperor Honorius records the last known official triumph in the city of Rome and the western Empire. Emperor Honorius celebrated it conjointly with his sixth consulship on January 1, 404; his general Stilicho had defeated Visigothic King Alaric at the battles of Pollentia and Verona. In Christian martyrology, Saint Telemachus was martyred by a mob while attempting to stop the customary gladiatorial games at this triumph, and gladiatorial games (munera gladiatoria) were banned in consequence. In 438 CE, however, the western emperor Valentinian III found cause to repeat the ban, which indicates that it was not always enforced.

In 534, well into the Byzantine era, Justinian I awarded general Belisarius a triumph that included some "radically new" Christian and Byzantine elements. Belisarius successfully campaigned against his adversary Vandal leader Gelimer to restore the former Roman province of Africa to the control of Byzantium in the 533–534 Vandalic War. The triumph was held in the Eastern Roman capital of Constantinople. Historian Procopius, an eyewitness who had previously been in Belisarius's service, describes the procession's display of the loot seized from the Temple of Jerusalem in 70 CE by Roman Emperor Titus, including the Temple Menorah. The treasure had been stored in Rome's Temple of Peace after its display in Titus' own triumphal parade and its depiction on his triumphal arch; then it was seized by the Vandals during their sack of Rome in 455; then it was taken from them in Belisarius' campaign. The objects themselves might well have recalled the ancient triumphs of Vespasian and his son Titus; but Belisarius and Gelimer walked, as in an ovation. The procession did not end at Rome's Capitoline Temple with a sacrifice to Jupiter, but terminated at Hippodrome of Constantinople with a recitation of Christian prayer and the triumphant generals prostrate before the emperor.

Influence

During the Renaissance, kings and magnates sought ennobling connections with the classical past. Ghibelline Castruccio Castracani defeated the forces of the Guelph Florence in the 1325 Battle of Altopascio. Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV made him Duke of Lucca, and the city gave him a Roman-style triumph. The procession was led by his Florentine captives, made to carry candles in honour of Lucca's patron saint. Castracani followed, standing in a decorative chariot. His booty included the Florentines' portable, wheeled altar, the carroccio.

Flavio Biondo's Roma Triumphans (1459) claimed the ancient Roman triumph, divested of its pagan rites, as a rightful inheritance of Holy Roman Emperors. Italian poet Petrarch's Triumphs (I triomfi) represented the triumphal themes and biographies of ancient Roman texts as ideals for cultured, virtuous rule; it was influential and widely read. Andrea Mantegna's series of large paintings on the Triumphs of Caesar (1484–92, now Hampton Court Palace) became immediately famous and was endlessly copied in print form. The Triumphal Procession commissioned by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (1512–19) from a group of artists including Albrecht Dürer was a series of woodcuts of an imaginary triumph of his own that could be hung as a frieze  long.

In the 1550s, the fragmentary Fasti Triumphales were unearthed and partially restored. Onofrio Panvinio's Fasti continued where the ancient Fasti left off. The last triumph recorded by Panvinio was the Royal Entry of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V into Rome on April 5, 1536, after his conquest of Tunis in 1535. Panvinio described it as a Roman triumph "over the infidel." The Emperor followed the traditional ancient route, "past the ruins of the triumphal arches of the soldier-emperors of Rome", where "actors dressed as ancient senators hailed the return of the new Caesar as miles christi," (a soldier of Christ).

The extravagant triumphal entry into Rouen of Henri II of France in 1550 was not "less pleasing and delectable than the third triumph of Pompey ... magnificent in riches and abounding in the spoils of foreign nations". A triumphal arch made for the Royal entry into Paris of Louis XIII of France in 1628 carried a depiction of Pompey.

See also

 Imperial fora
 Joyous Entry
 Triumphal arch
 Roman triumphal honours
 Victory parade

References

Bibliography

 Bastien J-L, Le triomphe romain et son utilisation politique à Rome aux trois derniers siècles de la République, CEFR 392, Rome,  2007
 Bastien J-L, Le triomphe à Rome sous la République, un rite monarchique dans une cité aristocratique (IVe-Ier siècle av. notre ère) dans Guisard P. et Laizé C. (dir.), La guerre et la paix, coll. Cultures antiques, Ellipses, 2014, pp. 509–526
 Beard, Mary: The Roman Triumph, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and London, 2007. (hardcover).
 Beard, M., Price, S., North, J., Religions of Rome: Volume 1, a History, illustrated, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
 Bosworth, A. B., From Arrian to Alexander: Studies in Historical Interpretation, illustrated, reprint, Oxford University Press, 1988.
 Bowersock, Glen W., "Dionysus as an Epic Hero," Studies in the Dionysiaca of Nonnos, ed. N. Hopkinson, Cambridge Philosophical Society, suppl. Vol. 17, 1994, 156–166.
 Brennan, T. Corey: "Triumphus in Monte Albano", 315–337 in R. W. Wallace & E. M. Harris (eds.) Transitions to Empire. Essays in Greco-Roman History, 360–146 B.C., in honor of E. Badian (University of Oklahoma Press, 1996)
 Galinsky, G. Karl, The Herakles theme: the adaptations of the hero in literature from Homer to the twentieth century (Oxford, 1972).
 Goell, H. A., De triumphi Romani origine, permissu, apparatu, via (Schleiz, 1854)
 Künzl, E., Der römische Triumph  (Münich, 1988)
 Lemosse, M., "Les éléments techniques de l'ancien triomphe romain et le probleme de son origine", in H. Temporini (ed.) ANRW I.2 (Berlin, 1972).  Includes a comprehensive bibliography.
 MacCormack, Sabine, Change and Continuity in Late Antiquity: the ceremony of "Adventus", Historia, 21, 4, 1972, pp 721–752.
 Pais, E., Fasti Triumphales Populi Romani (Rome, 1920)
 Richardson, J. S., "The Triumph, the Praetors and the Senate in the early Second Century B.C.", JRS 65 (1975), 50–63
 Schmidt-Hofner, Sebastian, "Trajan und die symbolische Kommunikation bei kaiserlichen Rombesuchen in der Spätantike", in R. Behrwald & C. Witschel (eds.) Rom in der Spätantike (Steiner, 2012) pp. 33–60.
 Southern, Pat, Augustus, illustrated, reprint, Routledge, 1998.
 Syme, Ronald, The Augustan Aristocracy (Oxford University Press, 1986; Clarendon reprint with corrections, 1989)
 Versnel, H S: Triumphus: An Inquiry into the Origin, Development and Meaning of the Roman Triumph (Leiden, 1970)
 Wienand, Johannes, "O tandem felix civili, Roma, victoria! Civil War Triumphs From Honorius to Constantine and Back", in J. Wienand (ed.) Contested Monarchy: Integrating the Roman Empire in the 4th Century AD (Oxford, 2015) pp. 169–197
 Wienand, Johannes; Goldbeck, Fabian; Börm, Henning: Der römische Triumph in Prinzipat und Spätantike. Probleme – Paradigmen – Perspektiven, in F. Goldbeck, J. Wienand (eds.): Der römische Triumph in Prinzipat und Spätantike (Berlin/New York, 2017), pp. 1–26.
 Zaho, Margaret A, and Bernstein, Eckhard, Imago Triumphalis: The Function and Significance of Triumphal Imagery for Italian Renaissance Rulers, Peter Lang Publishing Inc, 2004,

External links

Roman Triumph on World History Encyclopedia
Fasti Triumphales at attalus.org. Partial, annotated English translation. From A. Degrassi's "Fasti Capitolini", 1954. Attalus.org

Triumph
Triumph
Victory parades
Processions in ancient Rome

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Barack Obama, Bernie Sanders, Conservatives, Democrats, Donald Trump, Elections, Elizabeth Warren, Featured Post, Joe Biden, Republicans, Uncategorized	— October 20, 2020 at 1:22 pm
An Annotated Field Guide to 2020 Presidential Voters
by Mitchell Robinson
You supported Amy Klobuchar, or Pete Buttigieg, or another "more centrist" candidate in the primaries; now voting for Biden…
You consider yourself a moderate; thoughtful, empathetic, perhaps fiscally conservative yet socially liberal; you were attracted to the intelligence of Pete, or Amy's "seriousness", but believe that at this point, they would want you to vote for Biden, too.
You supported Elizabeth Warren in the primaries; now voting for Biden…
You still can't believe that more persons didn't see the qualities in Warren that you thought made her the best choice among the Democratic contenders. Intelligence, experience, humor, policy depth–come to think of it, the same qualities that led you to vote for Hillary Clinton in 2016. But as you put away your disappointment after Warren withdrew from the race, the decision to vote for Biden took about 5 seconds. Because, come on.
You supported Bernie Sanders in the primaries; now voting for Biden…
Like your friends who supported Warren and the other Democratic candidates, your heart is in the right place; and like Warren and Sanders, your own personal beliefs are quite a bit more progressive than Biden's; but in spite of your deep sense of disappointment–even despair–over Sanders withdrawing from the campaign, you were able to put the good of the country over your anger at the progressive agenda not being fully realized–and you have vowed to keep the pressure on Biden should he win the election. And you will.
You supported Bernie Sanders in the primaries; are now voting for the Green Party candidate…
Like your friends who supported Warren, your heart is in the right place–but you have put your own sense of righteousness above the gnawing and growing sense of certainty that a vote for a third party candidate might be helping assure a second term for Trump–who you think is an awful human being and a danger to the planet. The planet you claim to care about so very much.
You supported Bernie Sanders in the primaries; are now voting for the Libertarian candidate…
Unlike your friends who supported Warren, your heart is definitely NOT in the right place–you only followed Sanders because he seemed angry, and that's a feeling you can get behind, but you lost interest when he kept going on and on about "income inequality"–enough already! You read an Ayn Rand novel in middle school and could never quite outgrow your deep, selfish belief that only your wants and needs were important. Your own beliefs, oddly, are a hodgepodge of wildly conservative and outlandishly liberal policy stances from the outermost fringes of political thought, but what brings them all together is the unwavering certainty that you are the smartest, most clever C student who ever barely graduated from high school and only got into college, or law school, because you came from a pretty good family and took advantage of the social safety net and other public institutions that you are now committed to dismantling piece by piece, or outright destroying. And you are convinced that even if Trump is a disaster for another 4 years, how bad could things really get? After all, "I'm no stone-hearted person. But I also believe that the hope which you describe in people's eyes, if seen after a Biden win, is at the least misplaced. At worst, it's complete false hope."
Also, you are a straight, white man, and just do not understand what that has to do with anything.
Independents & Undecideds…
You voted for Barack Obama in 2012; then voted for Donald Trump in 2016…
Both of you are just a mess. Sit down in a quiet place and think about your decisions. Then vote for Biden before it's too late. And stop posting on social media. You're just a mess, and now your friends think you're a Russian bot.
You're not sure who you are voting for because "both candidates are so bad!"
When asked, you swing between voting 3rd party "in order to send a wake up message–to both parties!", or not voting at all–because, quite frankly, it seems like a lot of work at this point, and Call of Duty ain't gonna play itself.
You haven't settled on a candidate yet, and claim to be considering all of your choices very carefully…
You are known to say things like "Well, all politicians lie! It's just so hard to know who to trust!," and "I don't even watch the news any more–why bother? It's all fake–you can't trust the media." Either you have uncritically bought in to Trump's disinformation campaign, or you just couldn't be bothered to do any real reading or thinking for yourself, and think that spouting off like this makes you sound clever. In either case what you really are is a "low information voter"–or as the pundit class calls you, "persuadable." As such, you will receive approximately 98% of the mainstream media's coverage between now and Election Day–with fawning stories about your "hardscrabble upbringing in the Rust Belt, or Appalachia, or somewhere"–when you will enter the voting booth claiming to still be "unsure" of which candidate you "prefer." Because not so secretly, you really, really like the attention your faux indecision has been garnering, and you know it goes away the second you share the truth–you've been a Trump supporter since Day 1 but don't want anyone to know because even you embarrass you.
Also, you're exhausting.
You voted for Trump in 2016; you now own several red MAGA hats, and proudly fly a Confederate battle flag on your Toyota minivan…in Michigan…
You like that he "speaks his mind" (even though he often stakes out positions on both sides of the same issue: "NO STIMULUS!!!" "I WANT A BIGGER STIMULUS THAN BOTH PARTIES!!!"), and "keeps his promises" (although Mexico has not paid for the wall, which hasn't actually been built, and no immigrants want to come to the US because of the way our federal government has mishandled Covid).
You also "like his policies!", although his tax cuts didn't seem to help out your family very much, while your wealthy brother-in-law–who, truth told, is kind of a jerk, and also a Trump guy!–somehow bought a new boat last year and expanded his chain of cash bail bond shops into 2 more states. And never invited you out on the boat.
So even though a creeping sense of doubt has been worming its way through your brain lately, you've been able to drown it out so far by listening to a steady diet of Trump MAGA praise on Fox News, which plays 24/7 in your house, at work, and in every small business in your small rural community.
You also think that "Q" guy has some pretty interesting theories about what's going on–and there's no harm in listening to what he has to say. Right? Right?
You voted for Trump in 2016, and still lean toward Trump now, but have to admit he's "kind of crass at times"…
You *hate* when your libtard family and friends call you a racist; it's not your fault that you've feel so uncomfortable ever since that Somali girl started taking your soy latte order at the Starbucks. And how can Trump be a racist if Candace Owens–that patriot!–if voting for him?!? And she's a girl, too–so he's clearly not a sexist.
Still, so many of your friends have stopped talking to you, and even some of your children. Which makes you wonder if maybe you're not seeing something. But your retirement accounts are still doing ok–at least they were the last time you checked on them in 2018. And that nice man at the brokerage company would tell you if things looked wonky…you think.
At the end of the day your strong sense of faith is really what guides your decision making, so as a life long Catholic that brings you back to Trump. What's that, you say? Trump isn't a church-goer? And Biden is a practicing Catholic? No, that can't be true…I just don't know what to think any more.
Tags Donald Trump Elections Joe Biden vote voting
Author: Mitchell Robinson Mitchell Robinson is associate professor of music education at Michigan State University. His research is focused on music education and education policy. Follow him on Facebook HERE and Twitter at @MRobmused. His own blog is at MitchellRobinson.net.


text:
The Spotlight Kid è il sesto album di Captain Beefheart & the Magic Band e venne pubblicato nel 1972. Spesso ricordato come il più commerciale dei dischi di Beefheart, il prodotto è fondato sul blues, ma introduce alcuni strumenti "esotici" come la marimba.

Pur non arrivando in posizioni relativamente alte come quelle dei due dischi precedenti nelle classifiche del Regno Unito, The Spotlight Kid fu il primo album di Captain Beefheart ad apparire nella Top 200 di Billboard. Raggiunse, infatti, il centotrentunesimo posto, ovvero la posizione più elevata mai raggiunta da un disco di Don Van Vliet negli Stati Uniti.

Attualmente, il disco è disponibile solo in un cofanetto contenente anche il suo successore, Clear Spot. Per comprare i due album separatamente, bisogna necessariamente acquistare le versioni in vinile.

Tracce

Tutte le canzoni scritte da Captain Beefheart

Lato A
 I'm Gonna Booglarize You Baby – 4:33
 White Jam – 2:55
 Blabber 'n Smoke – 2:46
 When It Blows Its Stacks – 3:40
 Alice in Blunderland – 3:54

Lato B
 The Spotlight Kid – 3:21
 Click Clack – 3:30
 Grows Fins – 3:30
 There Ain't No Santa Claus on the Evenin' Stage – 3:11
 Glider – 4:34

Formazione
 Captain Beefheart - voce, armonica a bocca, jingle bells
 Zoot Horn Rollo (Bill Harkleroad) - chitarra
 Rockette Morton (Mark Boston) - basso, chitarra
 Drumbo (John French) - batteria, percussioni
 Ed Marimba (Art Tripp) - batteria, percussioni, marimba, pianoforte, clavicembalo
 Winged Eel Fingerling (Elliot Ingber) - chitarra
 Rhys Clark - batteria
 Ted Cactus - batteria

Collegamenti esterni


Waste of a good cast. For a movie about bike racing, it never gets up to speed.
Two generations of radical bikers face off in this rubber-burning action drama. Manuel "Smoke" Galloway (Laurence Fishburne) is the leader of the Black Knights, an underground motorcycle club. Smoke, like most of his fellow Knights, is a successful white collar worker who can afford fancy leathers and top quality bikes, and Smoke has earned a reputation as the "King of Cali," willing take on anyone in a drag race, legal or no. Kid (Derek Luke) is a gifted young rider whose father was once Smoke's mechanic; when Kid's dad died after an accident, Kid set out to become the best biker he could be to carry on his father's name and reputation. Smoke, however, has no room in the Black Knights for Kid, and so he and several fellow outcast riders start their own club, the Biker Boyz, and challenge Smoke to prove once and for all who is the fastest rider on the scene. Biker Boyz also features appearances from Orlando Jones, Lisa Bonet, Djimon Hounsou, Larenz Tate, and Kid Rock.
The dialogue is almost as loud as the exhausts; and the bits of detail aren't enough in a movie that teens may find delivers an unpalatable message -- daddy knows best.
Guy flicks can be just as galling as the chick variety.
After Dancing in September, his droll examination of race and representation in Hollywood, Bythewood now hawks contrived escapism in lieu of provoking thought.
Not without moments of excitement, romance and rubber-burning redemption.
When the filmmakers aren't busy accommodating cameo models and comedians, they seem to be dozing off at the handlebars.
Biker Boyz is just a silly film.
Basically this is a cheap rip-off of The Fast and the Furious, with fewer thrills, fewer spills, and two fewer wheels.
Think MTV does biker movie with great cast.
At times entertaining, but never boring. It sure could have been a lot worse.
... Director Reggie Rock Bythewood assures us of two things beyond all doubt: motorcycles are really loud and really fast.
A surprisingly ambivalent entry in genre that's usually brain-dead.
Good movie. This movie only have a little sad parts. The music is good.
Feeble rip-off of The Fast And The Furious with motorbikes. It's true that TFATF was also dim-witted, contrived and loaded with cliches, but at least it did it with visual flair. This is just a waste of time.
Not your average biker flick...Lawrence Fishburne once again delivers a believeable performance dispite the odds set up against him. Truly one of his most memorable performance since "Boyz 'N the Hood".
not worth getting revved up over.


text:
Cancelling the debt of the poorest countries and and providing them with unrestricted market access
1. The present situation
Since the beginning of the 1980s the poorest countries have seen their development dragged down by the weight of debt. Nevertheless growth has been generalised throughout the world - by more than 3 per cent a year in the advanced economies as a whole - but the highly indebted poor countries - HIPCs - have derived no benefit from that. The debt of the poorest countries has risen to $350 billion. In Africa the debt represents 60 per cent of the GNP.
Efforts at debt reduction have so far been clearly insufficient. It is not longer possible to be content with partial solutions - such as reschedulings and refinancings -; which just postpone the problem rather than tackle it.
2. Measures - The objective - Zero Debt for the Poorest Countries in 2001
Cancellation of the debt - whether bilateral or multilateral - of the poorest countries in order to:
assure a new generation of a future freed from this burden
use the freedom of manoeuvre afforded by the ending of debt service to fight against poverty for more just and democratic societies, and to finance basic social services (health, education and local development).
3. The campaign
National action plans must be established in order to:
Mobilise Europeans: the Cairo EU-Africa Summit in April 2000 is an important step forward. This dialogue, the framework and content of which are promising signs of putting into practice a process of solidarity between Africa and Europe, must be continued with a view to an equal partnership. Each country of the Union must undertake to abandon the whole of its bilateral financial claims against the poorest countries.
Bring in the United States: at the G8 Summit in Cologne, the most industrialised countries formally undertook action through the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative. The finance for this must be urgently put in place at the G8 meeting in 2000 in Okinawa.
The SI must solemnly ask the United States to undertake its responsibilities in the international community's action to support the poor countries.
Act within the international financial institutions - IMF and World Bank - to change their ways of intervening on debt questions.
4. The event
A gathering with the NGOs in Paris in 2001 to set in motion the plans for combatting poverty.
Making the fight against poverty in Africa an urgent priority
A. AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
1. Guidelines
There is an urgent need to:
give budgetary help to the poorest sections of society;
put in place a programme of collective action in the fight against poverty;
finance measures to assist rural peoples to stay on the land and raise their production, and
restore an economic climate that favours strong economic growth.
2. Improving productive capacity by creating jobs in targeted areas in town and countryside.
In towns, particular attention must be paid to the informal sector and to training the urban workforce.
In the countryside government and popular initiatives must be undertaken to take account of the rights of the poor, particularly on the question of access to land. Access to credit must be made easier for the poor.
3. Improving access to social services
Infrastructure of a public, private or community nature must be put in place to provide health, education, access to drinking water, electricity and roads.
The proportion of children at school must rise to 75 per cent by 2003 through the implementation of a plan to build primary schools through the efforts of local groups, NGOs and popular organisations.
4. Improving the nutrition of children and vulnerable groups
Plans must be made for the improvement of the nutrition of children under three, pregnant women and nursing mothers.
The supply of food must be assured to the poorest households in towns and certain rural areas.
5. An effective policy of information, education and communication must be put in place
National information systems must be improved, popular participation in it encouraged and villages encouraged to appoint spokespeope.
B. AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
1. Objectives
- To reduce poverty by half by 2010
- To finance this reduction by means released by the reduction of the debt
- To mobilise firstly the governments led by social democratic parties
- To involve other European countries - To involve the IMF and the World Bank
- To join efforts with the ONGs
3. The framework
The meeting in Africa of the second SI Council of 2000.
Stopping violence against women
This task involves both men and women. We need to get away from the idea that this is a women's problem and that they are the only ones who need to deal with it. It is a human, social and political problem of the first order which requires the commitment as well as the explicit and specific presence of men.
To launch a campaign such as the one planned by the Socialist International on a matter which is already the subject of many NGO campaigns as well as government action, it is essential to establish:
The specific value which the Socialist International can bring as a political organisation.
The tools to be used.
The action.
The specific value of an SI campaign
This problem is already being dealt with by many NGOs all over the world and has been the subject of social and government action in many countries. The specific nature of our campaign stems from the type of organisation setting it in motion: a worldwide political organisation of men and women which is in power in many countries (and is therefore able to legislate) and in opposition in other countries. Our organisation, in any case, has access to major international bodies (United Nations, ILO, OSCE, European Union, etc.) and is firmly rooted in society and maintains close contacts with women's NGOs and various other movements.
The campaign tools must be the following:
1. The member parties themselves, with which we need to intensify communication on this matter.
2. Governments in countries where we are in power by means of integral plans, legal and legislative measures, etc.
3. Communication media.
4. Socialist presence in campaigns run by other institutions, NGOs, etc.
Must be based on three main ideas:
1. Women's rights are human rights.
2. Violence against women is a negation of democracy. Violence against women: a question of State.
3. Zero tolerance on violence against women.
1. A general awareness-building campaign (activities to be carried out by parties, institutions, governments and the media). We need to base action on simple content, using posters as well as visible signs (ribbons, taking part in a specific day of action, major musical events, etc.).
2. Direct political action aimed at international bodies (international treaties, participation in conventions, etc.).
3. Actions aimed at developing tools to gather knowledge and aid reflection (Universities, Foundation, Study Groups, etc.). Making contact with universities which are dealing with this matter and trying to create a "pooling of ideas" on this issue.
Fixing the 25 November 2000 as 'World Day Against Violence' to launch the campaign.
Prepare an event focused on the campaign.
Initial working method
1. Study and analysis of existing campaigns.
2. Charting our campaign, its aims and the various activities.
3. Consultation with campaigning experts.
4. Planning of concrete actions, their duration and assessment methods.
5. Drawing up of a political Manifesto to be put to a vote at an SI Council meeting and to include specific undertakings on the part of all parties.
Abolishing the death penalty
The Socialist International is committed to assuming all necessary political initiatives in order to take on again and to relaunch, within the United Nations, the European Union resolution which provides for a moratorium of the death penalty, with a view to its total abolition.
The Socialist International asserts, in the face of terrible conflicts and horrible suffering of civil populations, the importance of the realisation of a new international law of human rights based on a new equilibrium between the principle of national sovereignty and the principle of the protection of fundamental human rights.
In this context, the Socialist International highlights the importance of a necessary reform of the UN and its instruments, by the insertion in chapter 7 of the Charter of the United Nations of an explicit reference to the principle of international intervention, with its procedures and spheres of application, in case of manifest massive violations of human rights.
We thus consider this proposal as the first and meaningful step towards the definition of rules and decision-making powers able to guarantee coherence, universality and full legitimacy to the principle of humanitarian intervention.
In that context we support the constitution of the International Penal Court.


Dr. Jonathan Master, professor of theology and Dean of the School of Divinity at Cairn University, presented his speech "Theology of Integration" during the 2015 Biblical Integration Conference. This year's theme, "Excellence and Discipleship in Christian Schooling" will pick up where last year's conference left off with topics on leadership and teaching and has an added track for student life issues.
•	Jonathan Master serves as professor of theology and dean of the School of Divinity at Cairn University. He also is director of Cairn's Center for University Studies, which oversees the Cairn Honors Program. He is executive editor of the online magazine, Place for Truth, and host of the podcast Theology on the Go. His book, A Question of Consensus, was published in June 2015 by Fortress Press.


1.2 What can I add to Wikisource?
1.3 How can I add a book?
1.4 Where can I read works?
1.5 How is the site structured?
1.6 How is the community organized?
1.7 Why should I bother with Wikisource?
The script is below. Post any remark about it under the relevant piece.
Wikisource is a free online library. It's free because the texts that it hosts are free for everyone to use and its access is free of charge on the Internet.
Wikisource is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, which also hosts other projects, including the well-known Wikipedia.
Wikisource multilingual portal is at wikisource.org, while the English-language collection is at en.wikisource.org.
Wikisource is made by people like you. Anyone can create an account and start editing.
Wikisource has got a software extension which is used to make an e-book from a scanned physical book. Though, inserting texts without scans is still possible.
What can I add to Wikisource?
The English Wikisource community has approved a few policies, including the inclusion policy and the copyright policy.
The inclusion policy states that any work on Wikisource must come from a verifiable source: The scans are preferred. Translations from other languages are suitable, too.
Unpublished original contributions (with a few exceptions), current advertisements, anonymous texts with a doubtful copyright status, excerpts of larger works, evolving works, and mere reference material are not suitable for Wikisource.
The copyright policy states that Wikisource content is released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike license, which allows sharing, adaptation, and commercial use.
Thus you can only add works that are either in the public domain or under a license that grants these freedoms.
Public domain is determined by the United States law—all works published before 1923 are in the public domain.
How can I add a book?
The first step is uploading the scans to Wikimedia Commons. The preferred file format for scans is DjVu.
You don't have to create another account there if you have already created one on Wikisource: Accounts can be used on all Wikimedia projects.
The second step is creating the Index page on Wikisource. The Index page will show links to individual pages.
The third step is proofreading the pages. Click a red page link, edit the text to match the original in spelling and formatting, and mark the page as proofread. Do the same for the other pages of the book.
The last step is publishing the finished book. Click the title link and use the "pages" tag to transclude the book. If there are internal subdivisions (like chapters), transclude just the frontispiece, the preface, and the index; then create a subpage for each subdivision.
Adding a book may seem difficult, but don't worry: Experienced users enjoy helping newcomers. Looking at already finished books is also helpful.
Where can I read works?
Works can be read online on either the desktop version or the mobile version of the site. The mobile version is the default for all mobile devices excluding tablets.
If you click the "Printable version" link in the toolbox, you'll get a page with the same content but no navigation links. Such page is ideal to be printed or downloaded as HTML.
Another link in the toolbox allows to create collections of Wikisource pages, which can be downloaded in various file formats. You can save the collection you create to make it available to others in a specific category.
There is also an export tool for Wikisource on Wikimedia labs, but it's still in development.
The site has a main page which includes the newly added texts, the current featured text, and the current collaborations. Fully proofread books can be added to the new texts, and fully validated ones can be featured text candidates.
Collaborations are a great way to start contributing: You can practice with the editing process without having to do everything yourself.
Wikisource has got several namespaces, including the "Author" namespace. An author page lists works written, translated, edited, or illustrated by a certain person. It may also list works about him or her.
Another namespace is for portals. A portal is usually related to a specific topic, but there are portals about associations and bodies of various kind, people who are not authors, and Wikisource processes.
Another namespace is for categories. A category groups items with a specific characteristic. Some categories are added to pages automatically; others need to be added manually, but it's easy if you enable the HotCat gadget in your preferences.
Wikisource is a hypertextual library. When a text mentions another text or an author that is on Wikisource, it can be hyperlinked.
There are also links to other Wikimedia projects and to other language editions of Wikisource.
How is the community organized?
The volunteer community is the lifeblood of Wikimedia projects. We are all peer fellows, but we entrust some administrators with specific service tasks like protecting or deleting some pages and blocking users who misbehave.
Decisions on Wikisource are made by consensus. We discuss a lot: The central discussion is at the Scriptorium, but every page has got a talk page to discuss improvements.
The community portal is the central place where we find things we need to know and things we can do. Help pages document the whole project.
Users have got user pages with their profile, and user talk pages where others can post messages for them.
Why should I bother with Wikisource?
Wikisource volunteers contribute in many ways. Their reasons for being on Wikisource vary from person to person and their projects are often independent because they have got different preferences. These volunteers know they are all helping to build one of the most reliable collections of free and informative texts that the world has ever known. Wikisource is like the great library of Alexandria except Wikisource is easier to search and more difficult to destroy. Books are downloaded from the site in many formats or just read there. Some are printed, thereby using old, frail, discolored books to create thousand of new books. Validated transcriptions from scans are very accurate, so they are ideal for academic use. These forms of education and adventures of a long-ago past will endure, amuse, and teach generations of the future.
If I should find I like Wikisource then what can I do to promote Wikisource aside from editing?
WikiSource Library. This is an old book placed on WikiSource and available to anyone for free.. The text and images come from pages that are copied from original book scans. In one area these are shown as individual scans with new text or images copied beside the old book scanned. In another area you can read these new free books. Some are illustrated and some are not illustrated. This video is a 1st attempt to explain some of WikiSource. The main page will show 1st and the link will show last. This particular old book that has been saved is about "Cycles" - all kinds of old riding cycles of long ago. Unlike some free book sites WikiSource shows the old pages beside the copied new pages.
If you'd like to be an announcer in the video, sign your name below. By doing this, you agree to release any video or audio recording for the video under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike 3.0 license. The portion of video for each announcer depends on the number of announcers.
This page was last edited on 2 February 2013, at 18:16.


Before I knew it, my seven semesters left at Harvard turned into five, turned into three, and will soon turn into one. I'll be barreling towards a destination that is in fact the end of a chapter in my life.
Through Israeli Apartheid Week, the Palestine Solidarity Committee aims to raise the suppressed voice of Palestinians, share their pain, and connect it to other struggles against injustice.
The situation in Israel-Palestine is political and is a matter of human rights and justice, not one of ideology or religion as we so often hear.
Yet as trust lies at the core of civil debate, clear efforts to restore that trust would carry far more weight than lecturing us about the dangers of inconveniencing the administration.
To the extent that I am a conservative, I want to conserve conversation; if we lose respectful disagreement, we lose the foundation of our freedom.
Being a part of a family takes commitment and as I now reflect on my time at Harvard, I am lucky to have a family in Harvard Basketball. Furthermore, being able to lead and captain this group of men has been a privilege in my final year.


text:
Shadwell est un village du Yorkshire de l'Ouest, en Angleterre. Il est situé à près de Leeds.

Il y a une bibliothèque, une école, magasins et deux pubs.

Voir aussi

 Thorner

Village dans le Yorkshire de l'Ouest
Paroisse civile dans le Yorkshire de l'Ouest


Dr. Jonathan Kanter will be leading a day-long workshop on December 1st, 2018 entitled, "Intentionally Creating Close Relationships". To find out more, please click here.
A FAP workshop led by Dr. Jonathan Kanter in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Center Director, Dr. Jonathan Kanter, spoke at this year's Legal Executive Diversity Summit, sponsored by the Washington Initiative for Diveristy. To find out more, please click here.
A FAP workshop led by Dr. Jonathan Kanter and Alessandra Villas-Boas in Salvador, Brazil.
FAP Workshop: Maximizing the natural functional mechanisms of social connection in psychotherapy.
A FAP workshop led by Dr. Jonathan Kanter in São Paulo, Brazil.
The FAP Intensive is an annual gathering where we welcome students and professionals who are new to FAP as well as seasoned FAP practitioners, trainers, and researchers to immerse ourselves in FAP's theory and techniques (e.g., the rules), and mostly in the cultivation of awareness, courage, love, and behaviorism skills so that we can bring our best and most authentic selves to our personal and professional lives. The leaders spend a great deal of time planning the intesive so that there is always new material for experienced FAP clinicians.
Special guest Julie Gottman will present on what is most important to know about working with challenging couples, along with in-vivo exercises. She and FAP experts will also discuss the similarities and differences between the Gottman Methods and FAP, and we they may have to offer each other.
A two day, experiential FAP workshop led by Drs. Mavis Tsai and Bob Kohlenberg covering theory and techniques.
Meg McKelvie presents on "FAP and Couples" in April's interactive online FAP seminar.
Benji Schoendorff presents on "FAP and ACT" in March's interactive online FAP seminar.
Joanne Steinwachs presents on "consequating CRB1s using punishing mindfully and lovingly" in January's interactive online FAP seminar.
In this interactive workshop, participants will improve their ongoing therapeutic work using ACT with FAP's foundational skills of awareness, courage, and love (ACL). Participants will learn the behavioral underpinnings of ACL before acquiring the therapeutic skill necessary to use these bahaviorally defined terms in their practice. By the end of the workshop, participants will have learned how to create a FAP relationship in the context of their ongoing work, how to add FAP targets of ACL to their case conceptualization, and how to apply FAP to specific populations.
Tien Mandell presents on "primary procoess emotion systems and affect regulation as CRB indicators" in November's interactive online FAP seminar.
This workshop, hosted by the ACBS Chicago Chapter, will provide beginner/intermediate training in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP). Dr. Jonathan Kanter, a lead researcher in FAP and the Director of the Center for the Science of Social Connection at the University of Washington will lead the workshop. As part of the workshop, attendees will be asked to share personal information about themselves with others in the workshop and to practice authentic connection using FAP principles while respecting personal boundaries and privacy.
The workshop includes didactic and experimental elements to create a wpoerful context for change by practicing the core FAP skills - developing awareness, exercising courage, and responding to others with love, care, and compassion. This experiential work will be linked to behavioral principles and will be directly applicable to improving the effectiveness of your work with clients. The workshop is suitable for anyone interested in learning FAP as well as those who are more experienced. It is relevent for therapists from all therapeutic orientations.


text:
Q: Printing with a pause not working in Java I have been trying to get a program writen in java to output text letter by letter with a pause in between each letter. The code word-wraps a string and prints it. My delay method "slow()" works well when the delay is half a second or a second, but at lower delay times it does some weird things.
When printing and the delay is extra short, the program hangs on that line for the delay times the number of letters being printed before the line return and then spits everything out at once.
Also when the delay is set to 250 milliseconds the text also prints out incorrectly.
In the example the string is:

"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla vitae molestie leo, sed molestie turpis."

The expected output would be:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
  elit. Nulla vitae molestie leo, sed molestie turpis.

But the output at 250 is:

Lrem ipsum dolrst aet, conseteur adipiscing
  elit. ulla vitae olestie lo sed oleste turis.

Here's the code:
public static void main(String[] args) {
    String x = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla vitae molestie leo, sed molestie turpis.";
    say(500,x); // Works Nicely, does one letter at a time with a 0.5s wait in between.
    System.out.println();
    say(250,x); // Has proper delay, but prints strange stuff
    System.out.println();
    say(100,x); // Prints Line by line with a wait of (letters*0.1s) wait in between.
}

public static void say(int speed, String words) {
    int i = 0;
    int ii = 0;
    while (i < words.length()) {
        slow(speed);
        System.out.print("" + words.charAt(i));
        if (ii >= 50 && words.charAt(i) == ' ') {
            System.out.println(words.charAt(i));
            ii = 0;
        } else {
            ii++;
        }
        i++;
    }
    System.out.println(" ");
}

public static void slow(int time) {
    try {
        Thread.sleep(time);
    } catch(InterruptedException ex) {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    }
}

Alternate slow() method with same glitches:
public static void slow(int time) {
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    while(System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime < time) {

    }
}

I'm not sure if it's important, but this is all done in NetBeans 7.4 x64 with JDK 1.7.
I am new to Java, but not new to programming. Any help would be appreciated!
The main problem is the timing, that is what I need to work; The weird printing is just a question why.

A: This smells fishy.. Your code looks good and works just fine for me, having run it from the command line.  I think, like Jim Garrison said, this has to do with your environment.  Have you tried running your program from the command line so as to leave Netbeans out of it?
The next thing I would suspect is the line Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); in your catch(InterruptedException ex) block.  Try commenting that out (and doing nothing except maybe printing the InterruptedException stack trace (ex.printStackTrace()).

A: Idiomatic solution using Timer/TimerTask:
Idiomatic things to note:

*

*Use of BreakIterator to separate the text apart.

*Use of Timer/TimerTask to manage the delays.

*Use of AtomicLong for thread safe shared object.

Q23794090.java
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import java.text.BreakIterator;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

public class Q23794090
{
    private static final Timer TIMER = new Timer();
    private static AtomicLong DELAY = new AtomicLong(0L);

    private static void say(final long delay, @Nonnull final String value, @Nonnull final BreakIterator bi)
    {
        bi.setText(value);
        int start = bi.first();
        int end = bi.next();

        while (end != BreakIterator.DONE)
        {
            final String s = value.substring(start, end);
            TIMER.schedule(new TimerTask()
            {
                @Override
                public void run()
                {
                    System.out.print(s);
                }
            }, DELAY.addAndGet(delay));
            start = end;
            end = bi.next();
        }
        TIMER.schedule(new TimerTask()
        {
            @Override
            public void run()
            {
                System.out.println();
                System.out.println("========================");
            }
        }, DELAY.addAndGet(0));
    }

    public static void main(final String[] args)
    {
        final String x = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla vitae molestie leo, sed molestie turpis.";
        say(250, x, BreakIterator.getCharacterInstance());
        say(500, x, BreakIterator.getWordInstance());
        say(1000, x, BreakIterator.getSentenceInstance());
        TIMER.schedule(new TimerTask()
        {
            @Override
            public void run()
            {
                TIMER.cancel();
            }
        }, DELAY.addAndGet(1000));
        try { Thread.currentThread().join(); }
        catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
    }
}

Works in Intellij Idea 13.x
In the console so there is no problems with having to call System.out.flush() any nonsense like that.
Things to improve:

*

*BreakIterator factory methods take an optional Locale, since there isn't a Latin one that I could find easily, I just let it use the default. In my case this is en_US. Your milage may vary.


The paddy are placed on mats, nets, or plastic sheets (canvas) to dry. It is the most hygienic sun drying practice because grains become less contanimated with stones and other dirt. It also allows easy collection in case of rainfall. However, there is danger of re-wetting from soil moisture.
Farmers, grain collectors, traders, and millers use drying pavements, which are usually specifically constructed for drying. This method can dry a high capacity of grains and can be partially mechanized by using wheel tractors.