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text:
Jordan Frees Convicted Murderers Of Israelis
Ignoring an official request submitted by Israel, Jordan released four Jordanian prisoners who were sentenced to life imprisonment. The murderers were sentenced in Israel for the murder of Capt. Yehuda Lifschitz and First Sgt. Pinchas Levy in 1990, and were handed over to the Jordanian authorities a year ago to continue serving their sentence.
The four – Salem Yousef Salame Abu-Jalun, Khaled Abd el-Rizek Abu Jalun, Amin Abd el-Karim Alsanae and Suleiman Tahah Mohammed Ajluni – were handed over to Jordan as a gesture to King Abdullah.
In the framework of their transfer, it was agreed that Jordan would not grant them an amnesty, at least for a year and a quarter after their transfer, meaning from December 2009, but a clause was added to the agreement stating that the king could grant them an amnesty if Israel decided on a massive release of prisoners as a gesture to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.
Since the cabinet on Sunday approved the release of 200 security prisoners, the Jordanians saw themselves as acting in accordance with the agreement.
When the issue was discussed through discreet channels, Israeli officials said it would prefer that the release be delayed by few more weeks so that it would not be linked to the gesture to Mr. Abbas. The Jordanians rejected the request and the four were released yesterday morning.
Reached at her home, Pinchas Levy's mother told the Israeli media that she was greatly disappointed with Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, who had assured and reassured her that the murderer of her son would never be released from jail by Jordan.
David Bedein can be reached at dbedein@israelbehindthenews.com. His Web site is www.IsraelBehindTheNews.com.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package mesosphere.marathon.util

import akka.actor.Scheduler

import scala.concurrent.duration.{ FiniteDuration, _ }
import scala.concurrent.{ ExecutionContext, Future, Promise, blocking => blockingCall }
import scala.util.control.NonFatal
import scala.util.{ Failure, Random, Success }

/**
  * Functional transforms to retry methods using a form of Exponential Backoff with jitter.
  *
  * See also: https://www.awsarchitectureblog.com/2015/03/backoff.html
  */
object Retry {
  type RetryOnFn = Throwable => Boolean
  val defaultRetry: RetryOnFn = NonFatal(_)

  private def randomBetween(min: Long, max: Long): Long = {
    math.abs(Random.nextLong() % (max - min + 1)) + min
  }

  /**
    * Retry a non-blocking call
    * @param maxAttempts The maximum number of attempts before failing
    * @param minDelay The minimum delay between invocations
    * @param maxDelay The maximum delay between invocations
    * @param retryOn A method that returns true for Throwables which should be retried
    * @param f The method to transform
    * @param scheduler The akka scheduler to execute on
    * @param ctx The execution context to run the method on
    * @tparam T The result type of 'f'
    * @return The result of 'f', TimeoutException if 'f' failed 'maxAttempts' with retry-able exceptions
    *         and the last exception that was thrown, or the last exception thrown if 'f' failed with a
    *         non-retry-able exception.
    */
  // scalastyle:off magic.number
  def apply[T](
    name: String,
    maxAttempts: Int = 5,
    minDelay: FiniteDuration = 10.millis,
    maxDelay: FiniteDuration = 1.second,
    retryOn: RetryOnFn = defaultRetry)(f: => Future[T])(implicit
    scheduler: Scheduler,
    ctx: ExecutionContext): Future[T] = {
    // scalastyle:on
    val promise = Promise[T]()

    def retry(attempt: Int, lastDelay: FiniteDuration): Unit = {
      f.onComplete {
        case Success(result) =>
          promise.success(result)
        case Failure(e) if retryOn(e) =>
          if (attempt + 1 < maxAttempts) {
            val nextDelay = randomBetween(
              lastDelay.toNanos,
              math.min(
                maxDelay.toNanos,
                minDelay.toNanos * (2L << attempt))).nano
            scheduler.scheduleOnce(nextDelay)(retry(attempt + 1, nextDelay))
          } else {
            promise.failure(TimeoutException(s"$name failed after $maxAttempts. Last error: ${e.getMessage}", e))
          }
        case Failure(e) =>
          promise.failure(e)
      }
    }
    retry(0, Duration.Zero)
    promise.future
  }

  /**
    * Retry a non-blocking call
    * @param maxAttempts The maximum number of attempts before failing
    * @param minDelay The minimum delay between invocations
    * @param maxDelay The maximum delay between invocations
    * @param retryOn A method that returns true for Throwables which should be retried
    * @param f The method to transform
    * @param scheduler The akka scheduler to execute on
    * @param ctx The execution context to run the method on
    * @tparam T The result type of 'f'
    * @return The result of 'f', TimeoutException if 'f' failed 'maxAttempts' with retry-able exceptions
    *         and the last exception that was thrown, or the last exception thrown if 'f' failed with a
    *         non-retry-able exception.
    */
  def blocking[T](
    name: String,
    maxAttempts: Int = 5,
    minDelay: FiniteDuration = 10.millis,
    maxDelay: FiniteDuration = 1.second,
    retryOn: RetryOnFn = defaultRetry)(f: => T)(implicit
    scheduler: Scheduler,
    ctx: ExecutionContext): Future[T] = {
    apply(name, maxAttempts, minDelay, maxDelay, retryOn)(Future(blockingCall(f)))
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Exclusive Hire Country House Wedding Venue – Leicestershire – Derbyshire	littlefoxsuttonboningtonhalladmin	2018-12-17T14:46:49+00:00
EXCLUSIVE COUNTRY HOUSE WEDDING VENUE
TIMELESS – BREATHTAKING – EXQUISITE
Sutton Bonington Hall is an exclusive country house that's available for private hire.
The Hall is ideally located in the heart of the East Midlands, near Loughborough and close to the borders of Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire.
Having entertained many noteworthy individuals over the centuries, including prime ministers and various members of the Royal Family, our enchanting family home can be transformed into a stunning venue that can be exclusively hired for weddings and other private events.
The Hall offers a warmth and charm all of its own
Sutton Bonington Hall may appear grandiose but from the moment you step foot in this beautiful house, you will feel completely and utterly at home here.
The Hall has remained in the same family for generations, which is perhaps why such incredible warmth awaits beyond its doors.
Queen Anne period features mix seamlessly with more contemporary fittings to create a country house that has its own distinctive identity. The house has been lovingly updated to deliver an unforgettable experience to our guests; much of the original architecture has been retained and enhanced to ensure the property maintains its unique sense of character.
Hiring our country house
Wonderfully decorated and tastefully furnished, the Hall can be yours to enjoy exclusively with friends and family.
Sutton Bonington Hall can host up to 120 guests but is equally comfortable accommodating more intimate occasions of 40 or less, making it the perfect choice of venue for a small wedding or a larger family gathering. Those attending are welcome to stay overnight in one of The Hall's six classically designed bedrooms, all of which overlook our magnificent grounds.
And though much of the allure of Sutton Bonington Hall lies in the period property itself, our team are always on hand to ensure your stay at our country house in Leicestershire is unforgettable.
We pride ourselves on delivering a flexible, thoroughly bespoke service to our guests and we would be delighted to help you organise your wedding or private event. We have strong relationships with many local caterers and suppliers who will be able to deliver those all-important finishing touches to your event.
The Hall is available for a certain number of private bookings every year, so be sure to contact us early to secure your stay with us and avoid disappointment.
To discuss costs and availability, please contact our team today.
Sutton Bonington Hall, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5PF | Telephone: 01509 672355 | Email us at: enquiries@suttonboningtonhall.com | Follow us on Facebook
© Copyright 2017 Sutton Bonington Hall. All Rights Reserved. Website Design by Little Fox Web Design Photos kindly supplied by: www.bursill.com | www.garethnewsteadphotography.com | www.humpstonandbull.co.uk & www.graceelizabethphoto.com


text:
Myra Mimlitsch-Gray | Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art | August 31- December 10, 2016
Myra Mimlitsch-Gray
August 31 – December 10, 2016
Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art
The Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art at SUNY New Paltz presents In/Animate: Recent Work by Myra Mimlitsch-Gray, an exhibition by internationally renowned master metalsmith, Myra Mimlitsch-Gray. Curated by Akiko Busch, a distinguished writer on design and the environment, In/Animate will be on display in The Dorsky Museum's Sara Bedrick Gallery. The public opening reception will be held Saturday, Sept. 10, from 5–7 p.m.
In/Animate collects more than 50 unique works that together explore a variety of artistic processes in iron, copper, brass, silver and enameled steel, sparking new conversations about how household objects can express ideas about presentation, utility and class. Mimlitsch-Gray's works all possess a deep sense of materiality. She was trained in the craft tradition, and describes her intention as "acquiring mastery while deconstructing the model." Her works are distinguished by the physical processes of their making – her hand wrought, hand shaped, hand hammered, hand finished pieces are elegantly conceived and immaculately crafted, advancing ideas about form and utility to a new level. Mimlitsch-Gray's domestic artifacts suggest a coalescence of body and thing, conveying the mutability of the animate and inanimate and reflecting the intimacy between people and the objects they use. A spoon can be a lip; a dangling twist of fabric is a vein. Here we find form and materials ordinarily associated with sufficiency and comfort recast to convey new and unsettling meanings.
In/Animate is accompanied by a fully illustrated, 72-page catalogue featuring texts by Myra Mimlitsch-Gray, exhibition curator Akiko Busch and Daniel Belasco, the curator of exhibitions and programs of The Dorsky Museum.
view available works on ARTSY
Myra Mimlitsch-Gray holds a Master of Fine Arts degree from Cranbrook Academy of Art and a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Philadelphia College of Art. She is the recipient of the 2016 American Craft Council Award and an inductee of its College of Fellows. Other awards include the 2014 Individual Artist Fellowship in Crafts/Sculpture from the New York Foundation for the Arts, the 2012 United States Artists Glasgow Fellowship in Craft and Traditional Arts, and Individual Artist Fellowships from the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation (1995), the National Endowment for the Arts (1994) and the New York Foundation for the Arts (1997, 2005). In 1998 she was honored for her work as an educator at SUNY New Paltz with a SUNY Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching. In 2014 the Metal Museum in Memphis, Tennessee named Mimlitsch-Gray "Master Metalsmith" and presented her first museum retrospective, Staging Form. Her work can be found in the collections of Cranbrook Art Museum, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan; Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan; Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York; Mint Museum of Craft and Design. Charlotte, North Carolina; Museum of Fine Arts. Boston, Massachusetts; Museum of Arts and Design. New York, New York; National Museums of Scotland; Philadelphia Museum of Art; Racine Art Museum. Racine, Wisconsin; National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution; Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art. SUNY-New Paltz, New York, Victoria and Albert Museum. London, England and Yale University Art Gallery. New Haven, Connecticut among others.
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Six Tips To Take Control of Your Financial Health | Thoughtful Plan Inc.
Similar to taking care of your personal health by proactively incorporating healthy habits and annual checkups, you can also take control of your financial health when you are proactive and engaged in managing your finances. And also like your physical and mental health, your financial health requires an ongoing commitment and focus in order to get results.
Regardless of your stage in life, it's important to establish certain habits that can put you in the position to be able to reach your financial goals, whether that's a vacation, a college fund, savings for a rainy day or a successful retirement.
There are a few universal tips to consider as you establish and maintain your financial health.
1. Determine your financial goals: You have to know where you want to end up to know the way to get there. The goal can be as short-term or ambitious as you need it to be, at this moment in your life. Maybe it's creating a budget to be able to have more money to save. Or maybe you're looking ahead at what you'll need for a happy retirement. Either way, you need to look ahead and establish the goal and create the timeline to reach it.
2. Create a financial plan: You wouldn't expect to lose 10 pounds without evaluating your diet and exercise and then tweaking either of those to create results. Similarly with financial health, you need to evaluate your current financial situation, and then develop a financial plan that can help you work toward your goal. That includes the need to consider your current budget, projected income, investments and other factors so that you can create your personal road map to a well-planned financial future.
3. Revisit your financial goals: Your financial goals can–and should–reflect your life circumstances. Family additions as well as career or health changes can change the demands on your finances, altering your outlook and objectives. Make it a point to re-examine your financial goals at least twice a year. To the same point, revisit your investments as well. Over time, market fluctuations can tip the balance sheet. At least once a year, consider rebalancing your portfolio so you can be assured you are staying on the right track with your long-term objectives. But keep in mind, rebalancing your portfolio may have tax implications.
4. Enroll in your 401(k): If your employer offers a 401(k) plan, enroll as soon as possible so your money has a chance to grow. Contributions are tax-deferred, and most employers make matching contributions: That's free money for you. Contact your employer or plan administrator for specific information regarding employer match requirements and vesting schedules. Saving as much as you can while you are working is an easy habit to establish and an effective way to pursue your retirement goals.
6. Turn to expert advice: Finally, just like your physical and mental health, experts can play an important role in getting results. An independent financial advisor can help you to establish your financial health today so that you can work toward your financial aspirations for the future.
The opinions voiced in this material are for general information only and are not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual. There is no guarantee that a diversified portfolio will enhance overall returns or outperform a non-diversified portfolio. Diversification does not protect against market risk.


text:
The Graduate College » Current Students » News » Jelena Vićić
Student Spotlight: Jelena Vićić
Growing up in Serbia (formerly Yugoslavia), Jelena Vićić has always been a voracious learner, interested in the nonsensical ways of violence and the precariousness of international relations. Currently, Jelena is a UC doctoral student, studying cybersecurity and serving as the 2018–19 graduate student government (GSGA) president. Before coming to UC, Jelena earned bachelor degrees in both journalism and political science from the American University in Bulgaria (AUBG) and a master's in advanced international studies from the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna.
The importance of studying war and international relations became prominent for Jelena. Growing up, she says she was "always intrigued by the absurdity of violence." The more she studied and traveled, the more she understood the presence of uncertainties and conflict, and the more she was driven towards education and constant learning.
Her master's thesis was titled "EU Mediation in the Balkans: Normalization of Kosovo-Serbia Relations." In order to complete her thesis work, she traveled to Kosovo and conducted qualitative interviews for her research. The connections she made there led to post-grad work in the Non-governmental organization sector of Kosovo. This job contributed to her being selected for a traineeship with the European Parliament just two years later—Jelena was one of thirty people chosen out of three thousand applicants. Of her experience working for the European Parliament, she says, "It brought me into the Euro-bubble in Brussels and I was given a chance to learn first-hand about the EU politics… I was driven to learn, and also to network and meet interesting people."
However, two separate events that happened during her EU stay left a lasting impact on Jelena. She was only 18 days into her job when the Brussels attacks took place—she had been nearby when the bombs detonated. Shortly after, the UK made the decision to formally leave the EU. She describes both events as something that "…signifies the turbulence of the current political moment in Europe, and globally. Both events were heartfelt in the corridors of the European Parliament where I worked as a trainee; there was a sense of silence, sadness, and quiet disbelief after both. Mostly, I remember those feelings, and I remember deep conversations about the future of Europe and the world."
After the traineeship in Brussels, Jelena became a graduate student at UC. While studying in Vienna she had taken a course called Politics, Security, and Strategy in Cyberspace. The class was taught by Dr. Richard Harknett, a University of Cincinnati professor and Fulbright scholar. A couple years after her first cybersecurity class in Vienna, she found herself working towards a PhD in political science in Cincinnati with Dr. Harknett as her PhD advisor.
Cyberspace is considered to be the new battlefield between disagreeing countries. Whereas war typically presents itself as fighting on physical grounds, international competition is taking new form inside a virtual environment called cyberspace. Jelena is concerned with regulating cyberspace and maintaining a secure and safe cyber environment: thus, cybersecurity.
Turns out, the livelihoods of whole countries are embedded in cybersecurity. National economies, politics, and aggression by countries—all are carried out and live inside cyberspace, and by doing so the possibility of destruction and loss is created, as well as a need for protection.
"Our whole lives are embedded in cyberspace," says Jelena. "When we look at conflict and war, in the past, war has always carried devastating atrocities in both blood and property. Countries had to invade each other's territory to be able to influence and to gain power. But now, with cyberspace, we have a completely new environment that is arguably man-made; it is a virtual environment that states can use to compete with each other. That's what's so interesting about it—how it changes the nature of war and the nature of power."
Jelena's dissertation research looks at the fundamental dynamics as to why cyberspace has become an environment of competition and potential conflict, what that means for international and national policies, and why cybersecurity is so necessary.
Beyond her schooling, Jelena has created further impact during her stay in Cincinnati. "I like it here," she says. "The feel itself is very new. There are many opportunities for growth and opportunities for research. So that's exciting. I'm doing a lot things that excite me, not only research-wise, but with the GSGA."
The GSGA—the Graduate Student Governance Association—is the graduate student government body at UC, and Jelena serves as its president. The GSGA represents the entire UC graduate student community and strives to make the graduate student experience as beneficial as possible to students and the university, through acts of advocacy and inclusion. Jelena was first attracted to the organization because, as one can expect, graduate studies can feel isolating at times.
"I discovered that being a doctoral student could be quite an isolating experience. Naturally so, students tend to focus on their careers and their research and start living in their own academic ivory towers. In my first year, I learned about the GSGA and realized that this organization could serve as a bridge between students from different departments and programs, bring them together and make the UC experience more meaningful. Contributing to community building became my goal, and I wanted to do that as soon as possible."
Before being elected as president, Jelena served as the GSGA Vice President for the 2017–18 academic year. In that role, Jelena organized the GSGA's first Spring Ball. Having been inspired by her two years spent living in Vienna, a place where balls are a seasonal part of life, Jelena wanted to create something that celebrated inclusiveness, respect, and diversity in a formal, but fun way. The ball's theme, "Around the World in One Campus," did just that. As the official part of the program, Excellence Awards were presented to graduate student winners in recognition of their achievements in certain areas. Over 250 people attended the 2018 GSGA Spring Ball, the first time the organization has hosted any event of that nature, and the ball's huge success is set to become a yearly occasion.
"The idea," Jelena explains, "was to contribute to community building at UC, to shine light on successes and achievements of graduate students, and to do all that while giving to charity."
But that's not where her dreams for GSGA's future stop. As the 2018–19 GSGA president, she hopes the organization will only continue growing, becoming bigger and better, all the while promoting the core values of spreading diversity, graduate student friendship, and respect.
"I am hoping that the GSGA will become more visible as an organization on campus. We represent over 11,000 graduate students, which is a large number. All of us on the executive board want to make sure that we serve our students the best we can. We want to create pathways for more graduate students to engage with us, we want to help increase access to UC resources to graduate students, and make the UC experience as enjoyable as possible. I am looking forward to working with students, faculty, and administration towards these ends. I would encourage students to learn about us through our website and through our social media."
In the meantime, as you'd probably guess, Jelena plans on keeping busy. Her end goals consist of conducting policy-relevant research and utilizing the organizational skills she's developed working for the GSGA—she says her dream job would be the head of a cyber-research center. But for now? She loves meeting new people, talking to old friends, playing tennis and talking about ideas, art, and architecture. Most of all, she's dedicated to voracious learning, which goes back to her childhood.
"My mom made a point of taking me and my brother to the library even before we started first grade. One of my favorites is 1984 by George Orwell, because it tells a story of what happens when a state wants to control both how people behave and how they think, and what they say. It talks about a complete loss of freedom and privacy, and how dangerous and devastating that is. It's a cautionary tale."
Written by Danniah Daher, graduate assistant to the graduate school office.


These tracheal catheters may be used for ventilation, sampling, or administration. Three standard sizes are available for use in mice, rats, and other small rodents. Our tracheal tubes may be trimmed to fit your needs- contact us to see if we can make the modification you need.


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Williamson County Parks and Recreation Department is pleased to announce that the Academy Park Gym, located at 120 Everbright Ave. will now offer gym-based activities and a free walking club for seniors (55+), Monday through Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.
Williamson County Parks and Recreation director, Gordon Hampton, is excited about the new programs and options, stating, "Adding senior programs at the Academy Park Gym is another piece of our master plan for providing the very best in recreational activities for our growing senior population." Hampton added that Senior Athletics Programmer Julie Wood will supervise activities which initially will include indoor games like shuffleboard, badminton, table tennis, and others. "We want to tailor our programs to meet the needs and desires of our area seniors," he added, "so we want to hear their ideas about new activities." The admission fee for gym use is $1 for seniors, or free with any WCPR pass.
A free walking club will also be formed, with group walks on Tuesday afternoons and Thursday mornings. All activities are open to the public.
The Academy Park Gym is part of a campus which contains the new Williamson County Enrichment Center, Performing Arts Center, public library and Renaissance High School. The Academy Park campus also features a large multi-purpose playing field, as well as bocce ball and pickleball courts.
For a schedule of weekly activities at Academy Park Gym, pick up a schedule at the facility or visit HYPERLINK "http://www.wcparksandrec.com" http://www.wcparksandrec.com. For more information or to share ideas about new activities, contact Julie Wood at (615) 599-3058 or HYPERLINK "mailto:Juliew@williamson-tn.org" Juliew@williamson-tn.org.
Williamson County Parks and Recreation is a public organization, here to benefit the community. Anyone may register for and participate in the department's programs, teams, classes and events. For program registration, pass purchasing or additional information, visit HYPERLINK "http://www.wcparksandrec.com" http://www.wcparksandrec.com. You may also receive department information by "liking" Williamson County Parks and Recreation on Facebook; following us on Twitter at @wc_parksandrec or Instagram at @willcoparksandrec or on Pinterest or YouTube.


text:
Read President Trump's statement on John McCain
On Monday, President Donald Trump released the following statement regarding the death of Republ...
Posted: Aug 28, 2018 5:53 PM
Updated: Aug 28, 2018 5:53 PM
On Monday, President Donald Trump released the following statement regarding the death of Republican Sen. John McCain:
Despite our differences on policy and politics, I respect Senator John McCain's service to our country and, in his honor, have signed a proclamation to fly the flag of the United States at half-staff until the day of his interment.
Government bodies and offices
I have asked Vice President Mike Pence to offer an address at the ceremony honoring Senator McCain at the United States Capitol this Friday.
At the request of the McCain family, I have also authorized military transportation of Senator McCain's remains from Arizona to Washington, D.C., military pallbearers and band support, and a horse and caisson transport during the service at the United States Naval Academy.
Finally, I have asked General John Kelly, Secretary James Mattis, and Ambassador John Bolton to represent my Administration at his services.
The President also released the following proclamation, ordering the US flag to be flown at half-staff:
As a mark of respect for the memory and longstanding service of Senator John Sidney McCain III, I hereby order, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, that the flag of the United States shall be flown at half-staff at the White House and upon all public buildings and grounds, at all military posts and naval stations, and on all naval vessels of the Federal Government in the District of Columbia and throughout the United States and its Territories and possessions until sunset, on the day of interment. I also direct that the flag shall be flown at half‑staff for the same period at all United States embassies, legations, consular offices, and other facilities abroad, including all military facilities and naval vessels and stations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord two thousand eighteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-third.
READ: Sen. John McCain's farewell statement
READ: Former President Barack Obama's eulogy for Sen. John McCain
Trump rejected plan for McCain statement
John McCain's final message for the President
Read Trump's official statement about Steve Bannon
John McCain Fast Facts
READ: Former President George W. Bush's eulogy for Sen. John McCain
READ: Meghan McCain pays tribute to her father, the late Sen. John McCain
Trump finally speaks about John McCain


NEW YORK: Twenty people have been killed in a car crash in the US state of New York, police confirmed on Sunday, with local media reporting that one of vehicles slammed into a crowd of pedestrians at a country store.
Police said the accident occurred Saturday afternoon when two cars collided in Schoharie County, near the state capital, Albany.
A witness named as Bill Waterson said the limousine was carrying a party on their way to a wedding reception.
"This is terrible, terrible, terrible," he was quoted as saying.
It was unclear how many of the fatalities were pedestrians or occupants of the vehicles but witnesses at the scene said several bodies could be seen on the ground outside the Apple Barrel, according the Times Union.


Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials: Beyond The Maze – Got Fandom?
In this next installment of the acclaimed Maze Runner series, based on the books by James Dashner, Thomas (Dylan O'Brien) and his fellow Gladers are faced with their greatest task yet. They're out looking for clues or signs about the obscure and the all-powerful organization known as WCKD (Wicked). Their quest takes them to the Scorch, a barren wasteland filled with unfathomable obstacles. Teaming up with resistance fighters, the Gladers take on WCKD's mightily superior forces and uncover its inhuman plans for them all.
The first movie caught me by surprise. I didn't expect it to be as good as it was so I knew when they said they were making the second one, I had to watch it and buy the books as well. I was pleased with the first movie due to its stunning visuals but it was confined to one space whilst this movie expands the Maze Runner universe to The Scorch in Scorch Trials. Thomas and his comrades are in pursuit for clues about the perilous and wicked organization that held them hostage in the last movie. Their journey takes them to "The Scorch," a grim landscape filled with new adversaries and obstacles. The biggest of these threats are "Cranks". They are more or less zombies which can run. If you've watched World War Z, you can relate. They make the walkers in AMC's The Walking Dead look like puppy dogs. With whispers of a resistance movement massing in the mountains,Thomas and company decide to make their way there, to see what WCKD have in mind for them.
This is certainly a sequel. It doesn't recap the events of its predecessor. It starts where The Maze Runner left off, and I definitely advise that you watch The Maze Runner before watching Scorch Trials otherwise you will be clueless. Maze Runner was confined to one location, The Glade. Scorch Trials incorporates many locations including: The Scorch, ruined cities, dynamic compounds, abandoned camps and the mountains. They have used their budget well considering the sheer amount of effects. The action scenes are engaging. No they weren't in a maze. Mainly running from guards shooting at them, sand storms or sprinting zombies. Dylan O'Brien (Teen Wolf) comes into his own in this movie. His character, Thomas, becomes a leader that the rest of the group can look up. He's not a child anymore, constantly asking questions. Rather than asking the questions, he is now answering the questions.
The movie also brings new characters into the fold. Giancarlo Esposito (Breaking Bad) crops up as a villain to begin with, but turns into more of a likeable anti-hero. He is accompanied by his adopted daughter Brenda (Rosa Salazar). Salazar (Insurgent) has some awesome scenes with O'Brien later in the movie. There's also Alan Tudyk (Frozen), who makes a cameo appearance as a wasted club owner. Game Of Thrones' Thomas Brodie Sangster (Jojen Reed) comes back as Newt. He's really becoming a great actor. I remember seeing him in a Doctor Who two-parter titled "Human Nature" & "The Family Of Blood" a few years ago. Also, he was in "Love Actually" and "Nanny McPhee" as a child. I think his best performance is in BBC's Wolf Hall as Rafe Sadler. The standout performance of the movie is Game Of Thrones' Aidan Gillen. He looks evil in general. He has an evil face. You look at this guy and you always think he looks shady and is up to something. This movie is no different. He's as evil as it gets. Much alike his character Petyr Baelish in HBO's Game Of Thrones, Janson is deceptive and then he reveals his other agenda. A truly grand performance from Gillen.
He looks evil. Then you hear him speak and it gives you chills.
With franchises like this, it's easy to draw parallels with other uncanny franchises like Divergent and The Hunger Games. They all follow the themes of big brother and humanity's fear of those who break the status quo. It's the constant power struggles between the authorities and the people. Following the crowd is being a sheep. Being mindless and doing what everyone else is doing. These films show us that deviating from social norms isn't bad. It shows that we can think for ourselves, if we so choose and that's nothing to be afraid of.
All in all, I think it is a great movie. Certainly cinema-worthy, in 3D purely for the effects. I can't wait for the next movie, Death Cure. I was impressed with the overall acting, effects and the continuation of the story. The ending left me annoyed because it ended on an epic cliffhanger and now I have to wait until 2017 for Death Cure.


Privileged teenager at the centre of racism storm has more than tripled her college fundraising target.
A Tennessee teenager who started a campaign page to pay her college fees after her father cut her off for dating a black man has raised more than $30,000 (£25,000) despite accusations of racism.
Private high-school student Allie Dowdle claims her father has stripped her of her savings and is refusing to pay for her higher education because she refused to stop dating black student Michael Swift. She set up a GoFundMe page on Wednesday 11 January and surpassed her $10,000 goal within 24 hours.
Three days later, Dowdle has received a further $20,000 from supporters around the world. At 3pm GMT on 16 January she had totalled $31,920, triple her target, from 1,290 donors.
Yet from the get-go she also received a swathe of criticism in the comments section of the GoFundMe page including the accusation that "expecting to avoid work, student loans, etc and be treated like a hero for dating a black guy seems pretty racist". Comments for the page have now been disabled, presumably by the page administrator, Dowdle.
In her online pitch to donors, she wrote: "I'll never forget the yelling my parents did, when they expressed how disappointed they were in me [for dating Swift], that I could do so much better. I did not know what to do. I couldn't comprehend how someone could be seen as less because of pigment."
Another critical comment on the campaign page, now removed by the administrator, read: "This campaign is an absolute insult to the millions of people who have been supporting themselves (and their families) for years, even before 'they were 18', the millions of people struggling with student loan debt, the millions of people of color who are confronted with the behemoth that is racism everyday."
Her father has denied that he is punishing her because she has a black boyfriend. "It was never about race," he told the New York Daily News, before admitting that Swift was not his ideal son-in-law because of "issues" associated with interracial relationships in Tennessee.
Swift is older than Dowdle and now attends Clemson University in South Carolina. He and Dowdle are FaceBook friends and her GoFundMe page shows the two of them posing intimately at a formal engagement.
Dowdle did not respond to a request for comment and it is unclear whether she plans to keep the money raised beyond her $10,000 target or donate it to a charitable cause.


XML sitemap is a fantastic tool but you have to do it properly otherwise it can definitely backfire.
I can't count the number of times while doing SEO audits, I discovered completely abandoned XML sitemaps asking Googlebot to index empty or 404 pages.
This function will first search for XML sitemap urls. It will check robots.txt file to see if an XML sitemap url is explicitly declare.
if not the script will do some random guess ('sitemap.xml', 'sitemap_index.xml' , …) most of the time, it will find the xml sitemap url, if not everything end's here.
Then, the xml sitemap url is fetched and the urls extracted.
If it's a classic XML sitemap, a data frame (special kind of array) will be produced and return.
If it's index XML sitemap , the process will get back from the start with every XML sitemaps inside.
This will produce a data frame with all the information extracted. This works for index XML sitemaps too.
Another interesting function allows you to crawl the sitemap URLs and verify if your web pages send proper 200 HTTP codes.
It can take some time depending on the number of URLs. It took several hours for https://www.gov.uk/ for example.


text:
National insurance payments cut for self-employed
Self-employed workers were handed a tax cut of just over £130 a year by the chancellor as he made good on his promise to simplify taxes for Britain's 3 million self-employed. However, many thought that other budget moves — including the proposed changes to freelancers operating as limited companies — were detrimental to self-employed workers.
George Osborne announced that Class 2 national insurance payments would be abolished from April 2018 — saving most self-employed an average of £134 a year. "This will allow millions of self-employed individuals to keep more of their money and invest it back into growing their business," he said.
However, he decided to give public sector employers the liability for whether contract workers, who operate within limited companies, should be paid as employees or freelance. Matt Searle, an IT contractor, said he wouldn't work in the public sector any more as he believes all contractors will effectively become PAYE taxpayers. "Even if the implementation is a year or two away I wouldn't want to take on a project now. These public sector IT projects last years and I just wouldn't want to risk it," he said.
The Association of Independent Professionals and the Self Employed said a contractor turning over £87,000 a year would pay £15,120 in corporation tax and £11,281 in taxes on company dividends. This would total about £2,000 less in tax than if they were an employee.
"That £2,000 has to pay for the cost of running the business, and it only goes a very small way to make up for the loss of other benefits of full-time employment which are denied to freelancers," it said.


Choral Camp is mandatory for all Choristers with the goal to form friendships, learn musicianship, and establish procedures important for the upcoming season.
The choristers will become familiar with the staff of the Phoenix Children's Chorus. It is important that a professional rapport be established between the choristers and the chorus staff before rehearsals begin for the upcoming season. This professional rapport will allow the directors to run efficient rehearsals, which will maximize learning for the chorister.
The choristers will get to know each other and learn to feel comfortable singing in an ensemble. Singing makes everyone feel vulnerable. It is important that each chorister feels confident and understands that their voice counts.
The choristers will learn and practice procedures and techniques that will be expected of them during the upcoming season. Rehearsals must be efficient if we are to present quality choral performances. This is especially important since we only meet once a week.
The choristers will be introduced to the music they will be performing during the upcoming season.
The choristers will learn basic music reading fundamentals. They will also be exposed to basic fundamental vocal technique.
The choristers will be involved in activities that teach the value of teamwork.
Basic etiquette, important when the Phoenix Children's Chorus is traveling, will be reinforced.
The camp will help instill in the children a sense of pride in the Phoenix Children's Chorus and the work they do in each rehearsal.
It is the intent of the staff to create excitement among the choristers and the parents about the upcoming season.
If your chorister does not participate in camp, they start the year out at a distinct disadvantage. Please ensure your choristers attend mandatory Choral Camp.


text:
Q: perl: Scalar found where operator expected at script cannot find answer in Google, nor figure it out myself.
Win7 64bit
This is perl 5, version 22, subversion 3 (v5.22.3) built for MSWin32-x86-multi-thread-64int from Active State
with modules List::BinarySearch and PAR::Packer installed with cpan
Idea is to edit a text file and add numbers in sorted order. Below is a short version just to reproduce the problem.
Problem: binsearch_pos works when I run the script as pl but fails when I make a standalone EXE out of it.
Code to reproduce:
    #!\usr\bin\perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use List::BinarySearch qw/binsearch_pos/;

my @numbers=(0,1,2,4,5,6);
print @numbers;
print "\n";
@numbers=searchandadd(\@numbers,3);
print @numbers;

#search right idx and add value
sub searchandadd {
    my ($array, $add) = @_;
    my @array = @{$array};
    my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b } @array;
    my $idx = binsearch_pos { $a <=> $b } $add, @sorted;
    if (0+@sorted == $idx) {
        splice @sorted, $idx, 0, $add;
    } else {
        splice @sorted, $idx, 0, $add
        if $sorted[$idx] ne $add;
    }
    return @sorted;
}

Expected output (from test.pl currently):

C:\Users\timo>test.pl 012456 0123456

EXE creation:
pp -o test.exe test.pl
EXE output:

C:\Users\timo>test.exe
  Scalar found where operator expected at script/test.pl line 17, near "} $add"
          (Missing operator before  $add?) syntax error at script/test.pl line 17, near "} $add" Global symbol "$idx" requires
  explicit package name (did you forget to declare "my $idx"?) at
  script/test.pl line 18. Global symbol "$idx" requires explicit package
  name (did you forget to declare "my $idx"?) at script/test.pl line 19.
  Global symbol "$idx" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
  declare "my $idx"?) at script/test.pl line 21. Global symbol "$idx"
  requires explicit package name (did you forget to declare "my $idx"?)
  at script/test.pl line 22.

I get same error when EXE made with perl2exe or pp. Could this be because there is some other version of binsearch_pos lurking somewhere?
I'm lost.
BR,
Timo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Perlane is a cosmetic dermal filler that restores volume and fullness to the skin to correct moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds, such as the lines from your nose to the corners of your mouth (nasolabial folds).
Perlane is made of hyaluronic acid. In the human body, natural hyaluronic acid provides volume and fullness to the skin. The hyaluronic acid in Perlane has been modified slightly to last longer than the body's hyaluronic acid. The hyaluronic acid in Perlane is produced by a biotechnical process.
Is Perlane derived from animals?
Perlane contains no animal proteins. This limits any risk of animal-based disease transmission or allergic reactions. No allergy testing is required before use.
Perlane requires no pre-testing. However, you should take a few precautions before being treated with Perlane. Prior to treatment, avoid using aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, St. John's wort, or high doses of Vitamin E supplements because this may increase bruising or bleeding at the injection site. Also, if you have previously suffered from facial cold sores, discuss this with your doctor who may prescribe a medication to minimize recurrence.
Perlane have well defined safety profiles. Clinical studies showed no significant differences in the safety of Perlane.
Perlane is proven to deliver long-lasting results. Perlane lasts at least six months in the majority of patients.* The patented stabilization technology helps maintain the cosmetic effect for those time periods.
How often should I have Perlane treatments?
How is Perlane different from Botox Cosmetic?
Botox Cosmetic is used to correct wrinkles in a different way. Perlane cosmetic fillers are injected into the skin, adding volume to smooth wrinkles such as the lines from your nose to the corners of your mouth (nasolabial folds).
Perlane is injected directly into the skin in small amounts by an ultrafine needle. As with all injections, some patients may experience discomfort.
How much does a Perlane treatments cost?
A Perlane procedure is customized to your specific needs, so the cost will vary from patient to patient. In general, the cost of Perlane treatment is comparable to the cost of similar procedures. However, because Perlane provide long-lasting results of about six months, they may prove to be very economical over the long term. Ask your doctor to give a cost estimate based on your particular needs.


If you are unable to receive your Pre-Sequel Unlocks, please make sure to look over the Exclusive Unlocks Thread to ensure you have met all the requirements to receive the Unlocks in your SHiFT account.
In your particular instance, you will need to make sure your Telltale account is linked in-game, then make sure that you have linked your Steam account to your Telltale account using the 'Link to Steam' button in your Settings page. (To get to your Settings page, click My Accounts at the top right of the webpage, then click Settings from the drop down menu. Inside the Settings menu you will see the 'Link your Steam Account' button.) Make sure you have linked your Steam account, and you should then receive your Exclusive Loot/Unlocks in your SHiFT account.


According to a source whose previous information has proven to be accurate, the Consortium of news organizations that recounted the presidential votes in the 2000 Florida election was shocked to find that former Vice President Al Gore decisively won the state, and it is now concealing the news of Gore's victory from the American people.
The source is a former media executive who previously revealed information that the Bush administration was lying about Clinton staffers having vandalized the White House. That information led me to accuse Karl Rove of manufacturing the "crime". My accusation appeared in an article that was posted by Buzzflash.com on January 28, 2001, and it was confirmed by a General Accounting Office investigative report several months later.
Having previously established credibility as a well-informed and accurate conduit of information, the executive now claims the Consortium is deliberately hiding the results of its recount because Gore was the indisputable winner.
Originally, the Consortium believed that there were three potential outcomes of the recount, any of which would have been acceptable to the participating news conglomerates. The first was a Bush win, which would have resolved the issue. The second was a dead heat/inconclusive result, which would have maintained the status quo. The third was a narrow Gore victory, which would have given die hard Democrats a debate point, but would have simply been another photo finish recount that most Americans would have disregarded as being currently irrelevant.
The Consortium was stunned to discover that the recount revealed Gore won a clear victory. Even after casting aside the controversial butterfly ballots and discarding ballots that were "iffy", Gore decisively won the recount. While the precise numbers are still unavailable, a New York Times journalist who was involved in the project told one of his former companions that Gore won by a sufficient margin to create "major trouble for the Bush presidency if this ever gets out".
Gore's victory was large enough that it became apparent he would win prior to the Consortium recount being fully completed. And contrary to a recent claim by the New York Times, the terrorism of September 11 was not the crucial factor that determined whether to release the results to the American people. Prior to that time, the de facto majority shareholders in the publicly traded New York Times Company reportedly intervened on the side of quashing the recount results and convinced the other participants to shelve the story. The executive claims that the most important decisions at the Times are made by the influential money center banks that exercise actual voting control of a majority of stock. These banks are extremely pro-Bush. In addition to their control of the Times, they have substantial financial clout with the Washington Post Company, Dow Jones and Company, and the Tribune Company. As a result, the banks exert tremendous influence on a majority of the Consortium.
The story of Gore's victory has been spiked at the highest levels of the media conglomerates that are involved, rather than at the cosmetic steering committee level of the recount project. The Consortium reportedly has received intense pressure from members of the Bush inner circle both in and out of government, but has not been lobbied by representatives of Gore.
The huge disparity between the original recount and the Consortium recount stems from the G.O.P. tactics in Florida. Their strategy was to aggressively contest every pro-Gore ballot, even the obviously valid ones. The Republicans then accused the vote counters of being biased because most of the challenges were resolved in favor of Gore. By using this approach, the Bush partisans successfully intimidated the counters into bending over backwards to show "fairness", resulting in thousands of legitimate Gore votes being disqualified or relegated to a pile of disputed ballots.
"It was the old baseball manager's trick of crying about every call in order to pressure the umpire to give you more than your fair share," said the executive. "And it worked in Florida. However, in the relative calm of the Consortium recount - absent the pressure tactics - the Bush total remained basically consistent with the original count, while the Gore total shot way up."
As for what will happen next, the executive said, "Once the dominant pro-Gore trend became apparent, the Consortium was never going to release the results; the pressure from the big money boys was too great. Terrorism just provided a better excuse for withholding the information than the 'technical difficulties' stalling tactic that was otherwise going to be used. The Consortium is determined to make sure that the original results of their recount will never see the light of day."


Why should i wear ear plugs when surfing?
Exotosis is a condition which is commonly known as swimmers ear, or surfer's ear. The cause of surfer's ear is due to cold wind and water entering the ear canal, and this in turn causes excessive growth of bone in the ear canal. This bone growth blocks the ear canal, causes infection, hear loss and results in unpleasant surgery to clear the ear canal. Follow this link to read about Exostosis, or surfers ear.
I didn't wear ear plugs for years, but after I noticed that my ears hurt and they felt like they had some sort of pressure inside them, I began to investigate why. I quickly found that I was suffering the initial stages of exotosis and needed to find a solution to prevent further bone growth in my ear canal. Luckily I didn't need surgery because I caught the symptoms early and have worn ear plugs ever since.
Over the years I have tried numerous ear plugs, some are good and some bad. One downside to wearing plugs is they block your hearing, which in turn can affect balance. However, there are ear plugs such as Proplugs which are perforated to enhance hearing. However, the Proplugs sometimes popped out when being washed around in the white water of a big wave. I then tried Sorky ear plugs and these where good, but they weren't perforated, so my hearing was impaired. So I was left using ear plugs which weren't quite perfect, until I was given a pair of Seals ear plugs to review!
Seals are a parent company of well the known brand of ear plugs of called Sorkys. Seals are very similar to Sorky in design, but the major difference is that Seals are perforated. This means there's there's no lack of hearing, which also effects balance. The perforated part of the plug features a membrane which stops water seeping through the perforation.
To insert the ear plugs, you apply them to the application tool provided in the pack and gently insert into the opening of the ear. The tool provided is used to make inserting the plugs easier, but I found it a bit fiddly and found it easier to fit the ear plugs with the tips of my fingers. The process of inserting the plugs was very easy and they felt super comfortable. Taking the plugs out is even simpler; you just pull the stem which hangs out of the ear.
When I first applied the plugs, my hearing was very slightly dampened, but I could hear. I was further surprised when i used them in the water, my hearing didn't seem slightly dampened as it did when I first fitted them. At first glance I was initially concerned that these little pieces of silicon would never stay in place when in the water. Other brands of ear plugs come with some sort of leash to make sure if they pop out, you can retrieve them and refit. Seals seemed to be confident that they wouldn't pop out because they come without a leash. I have found that they stay in place even when being washed around in a massive wipe out. When using the plugs in the water, they felt like i had nothing in my ears. I kept freaking out and thinking they had popped out. However, every time I checked to see if they were still there, I could feel the silicon stem in my ears. After a few hours use I totally forgot they were there!
For safe storage, the ear plugs are placed in a small aluminium case which can be attached to a key ring.
Its a very good job that these ear plugs don't pop out because the RRP is set at £39.99. This seems excessive for two very small bits of medical grade silicon and an aluminium case. Sorky ear plugs are set at a RRP of £34.99 which is £5 cheaper than Seals. However, I would pay the extra £5 just for the added benefit of being able to hear very clearly in the water. It's such a nightmare when people are talking to you in the water and you can't hear jack diddly.
Ok, the £40 price tag might seem a lot, but I would rather have a good pair of ear plugs which allow me to ear freely and prevent exotosis and my head being drilled. It's a no brainer really, i think this piece of kit is just as important as a surfboard, or wetsuit!
I have a pair of sorkys which are the same thing by the looks of things! I thought sorkys were perforated as well? Still 40 quid for something which costs 2p to make is shocking!
They do the job but cost too much like most surf products these days!


text:
Get help with your Oxidation state homework. The oxidation state of an uncombined element is zero. The oxidation number of an atom is zero in a neutral substance that contains atoms of only one element. 2. The oxidation state of nitrogen is most positive in which of the following compounds? Long answer. MEDIUM. To find the oxidation state of , set up an equation of each oxidation state found earlier and set it equal to . Add to both sides of the equation. Minimum oxidation state $\mathrm{-III}$. This applies regardless of the structure of the element: Xe, Cl 2, S 8, and large structures of carbon or silicon each have an oxidation state of zero. Is there any way in vasp to mention the oxidation state of constituent atoms. The oxidation number of #"O"# in compounds is usually -2, but it is -1 in peroxides.. Rules to determine oxidation states. Solve the equation for . Oxidation and reduction are therefore best defined as follows. In H2o, oxidation state of H and o are balanced.given that total oxidation state is +2. Ex: Oxidation state of sodium (Na) is zero. Sometimes, the oxidation states can also be written as a superscripted number to the right of the element symbol (Fe 3+). Maximum oxidation state: $\mathrm{+V}$. An atom of an element may be capable of multiple oxidation numbers. Together that is another 4 electrons for oxygen. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. View Answer. How to find Oxidation Numbers In chemistry, the terms "oxidation" and "reduction" refer to reactions in which an atom (or group of atoms) loses or gains electrons, respectively. I have an Iron complex in which Fe has oxidation state 3. 2. oxidation number for an ion is equal to its charge. ex. Cl-, Br-, all have oxidation -1. The oxidation number for metals that can have more than one oxidation state is represented by a Roman numeral. There are a few rules to follow when assigning oxidation state of an element. The oxidation state of a particular atom can be determined by using the following rules. The oxidation number of #"H"# is +1, but it is -1 in when combined with less electronegative elements.. As the table shows, the presence of the other oxidation states varies, but follows some patterns. (-1 oxidation state). ex. To find the oxidation state of , set up an equation of each oxidation state found earlier and set it equal to . Oxidation Number: The number that is assigned to an element to indicate the loss or gain of electrons by an atom of that element is called as the oxidation number. Just follow the normal rules for determining oxidation states. Then count electrons. The oxidation number of a free element is always 0. The oxidation state is the positive or negative number of an atom in a compound, which may be found by comparing the numbers of electrons shared by the cation and anion in the compound needed to balance each other's charge. Tap for more steps... Add and . Access the answers to hundreds of Oxidation state questions that are explained in a way that's easy for you to understand. Determination of Oxidation State of an Atom. Once you recognize that, you will notice that Cu + is both oxidized to Cu 2+ and reduced to Cu. Oxidation state of H is +1. When an oxidation number is assigned to the element, it does not imply that the element in the compound acquires this as a charge, but rather that it is a number to use for balancing chemical reactions. The total charge of the compound should equal to the sum of the charges of each atom present in that compound. Oxidation occurs when the oxidation number of an atom becomes larger. Oxidation increases oxidation state and reduction decreases oxidation state. An oxidation number refer to the quantity of electrons that may be gained or lost by an atom. Oxidation numbers are … The algebraic sum of the oxidation states in an ion is equal to the charge on the ion. (-2 oxidation state). Identify the pair of binary corresponds in which nitrogen exhibits the lowest and the highest oxidation state. Oxidation number also referred to as oxidation state is the number that is allocated to elements in a chemical combination. The oxidation number is placed in parentheses after the name of the element (iron(III)). Oxidation states show how oxidised or reduced an element is within a compound or ion. Oxidation State. This Demonstration shows the colors and absorption spectra of the six most common oxidation states (2 to 7) of the element manganese. The oxidation state, sometimes referred to as oxidation number, describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound.Conceptually, the oxidation state, which may be positive, negative or zero, is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic, with no covalent component. We know that each NH3 has a +1 charge so there are three NH3's for a combined total of +3. O2, N2, He, are all oxidation numbers zero. Since is in column of the periodic table, it will share electrons and use an oxidation state of . For example, the sum of the oxidation numbers for SO 4 2-is -2. You count the valence electrons around "N" according to a set of rules and then assign the oxidation number. Chlorine can give seven electrons to make chloric acid to show +7 oxidation number. Oxidation Number of Periodic Table Elements. Rule 6: The oxidation state of hydrogen in a compound is usually +1. All oxygens in there will have $\mathrm{-II}$, all nitrogens $\mathrm{-III}$, all hydrogens (they are either connected to oxygen or to nitrogen) $\mathrm{+I}$. Multiple Oxidation States. In a C-H bond, the H is treated as if it has an oxidation state of +1. Notice that, Cu + has an oxidation number of +1, but because there are two atoms of copper, the combined oxidation number is +2. Rules for oxidation numbers: 1. Since is in column of the periodic table, it will share electrons and use an oxidation state of . Since the overall complex has a +1 charge, Pt has to have a -1 oxidation state because (+3) + (-1) + (-1) = +1. In order to find the oxidation number, you need to look at the charge of each piece of the complex. The common oxidation states of all of the metals in the periodic table are all positive. This means that every C-H bond will decrease the oxidation state of carbon by 1.; For carbon bonded to a more electronegative non-metal X, such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or the halogens, each C-X bond will increase the oxidation state of the carbon by 1. Warning! If the hydrogen is part of a binary metal hydride (compound of hydrogen and some metal), then the oxidation state of hydrogen is –1.. Rule 7: The oxidation number of fluorine is always –1. > The Rules Lone pair electrons (LPs) belong entirely to the atom on which they reside. 1. oxidation number of a free element is always zero. The oxidation state of carbon increases from +2 to +4, while the oxidation state of the hydrogen decreases from +1 to 0. Shared electrons (bonding pair electrons or BEs) between identical atoms are shared equally. Sulfur can take two electrons to form sulfide anion. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all of the atoms in a neutral compound is 0. To find the correct oxidation state of Mn in MnSO4 (Manganese (II) sulfate), and each element in the molecule, we use a few rules and some simple math. Assigning oxidation numbers to organic compounds The oxidation state of any chemically bonded carbon may be assigned by adding -1 for each more electropositive atom (H, Na, Ca, B) and +1 for each more electronegative atom (O, Cl, N, P), and 0 for each carbon atom bonded directly to the carbon of interest. [1] This does have a general quantum chemical explanation. For pure elements, the oxidation state is zero. The oxidation number of diatomic and uncombined elements is zero. Chlorine can take one electron to form chloride anion. Any bond between elements is cleaved heterolyticly giving only the electronegative element all electrons of that bond. If you now subtract the number of electrons assigned to H and O from their corresponding valence electrons, you will find that the oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 and oxygen, -2. You can find in several handbooks on XPS, how to use the XPS spectra for oxidation state determination. Redox Reactions - Examples. Because there is a change in oxidation number, we can confidently say that the above equation represents a redox reaction. The oxidation number of Cl is -1 in HCl, but the oxidation number of Cl is +1 in HOCl. When you select an oxidation state, an arrow points to the "petri dish" containing an aqueous solution of a compound in this oxidation state, appropriately colored. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine usually have an oxidation number of –1, unless they're in combination with an oxygen or fluorine. Oxidation state 0 occurs for all elements – it is simply the element in its elemental form. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion. Main principles of identifying oxidation state. Sulfur gives its all last six electrons to make sulfuric acid molecule (+6 oxidation state). The oxidation number of a Group 1 element in a compound is +1. I want to mention the oxidation state explicitly. For example, iron Fe and calcium Ca have an oxidation state of zero, because they consist of one element that is not chemically bonded with others, and so do polyatomic molecules with the same type of atom, for example for ozone O₃ the oxidation state … View Answer. Chemists have developed a method to find which atoms have gained/lost electrons, especially since some reactions can seem very complicated. MEDIUM. CN has a -1 charge. If the oxidation state increases the substance is oxidised If the oxidation state decreases the substance is reduced. Sum of all oxidation states is +2, let oxidation state of Al be x. 3. Related Posts. These oxidation states add up to eight, which is exactly the number of electrons that typically make up the outer (valence) shell — where chemistry happens. The oxidation state of a neutral element is always zero. Learn how to calculate or find the oxidation number of … ; The sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms or ions in a neutral compound is zero. So oxidation state of the metal in the salt is: Oxidation number or state of periodic table elements in a chemical compound or molecule is the formal charges (positive or negative) which assigned to the element if all the bonds in the compounds are ionic. They are positive and negative numbers used for balancing the redox reaction. When 6 × 1 0 2 2 electrons are used in the electrolysis of a metalic salt, 1.9 gm of the metal is deposited at the cathode The atomic weight of that metal Is 57. So, by the oxidation bookkeeping method, oxygen is assigned a total of 8 electrons, while hydrogen is assigned 0. Since the oxidation state of copper has reduced from +2 to 0, this is a reduction reaction. To determine if electrons were gained or lost by an atom, we assign an oxidation number to each atom in a compound. 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how to find oxidation state
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how to find oxidation state 2020


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Der Metschberg ist ein Berg im Berner Oberland in der Nähe des Hahnenmoospasses. Er ist mit einer Höhe von  nur unwesentlich höher als der Hahnenmoospass selbst. Jedoch hat man vom Metschberg viele Wandermöglichkeiten und Aussicht auf den Wildstrubel.

Berg in den Alpen
Berg in Europa
Berg im Kanton Bern
Lenk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Phentermin ist ein Phenylalkylamin, das als Appetitzügler und Psychostimulans Verwendung findet.

Darstellung und Gewinnung
Die Herstellung von Phentermin erfolgt in vier Schritten. Die Synthese geht vom Benzaldehyd aus, an das im ersten Schritt im Sinne einer Henry-Reaktion 2-Nitropropan addiert wird. Das resultierende 2-Methyl-2-nitro-1-phenyl-1-propanol wird dann über Raney-Nickel zum Amin hydriert. Mittels Thionylchlorid erfolgt im dritten Schritt die nucleophile Substitution der OH-Gruppe zum 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-phenylpropylchlorid. Die Zielverbindung wird im letzten Schritt durch eine palladium-katalysierte Hydrierung erhalten.

Pharmakologie
Bei Phentermin handelt es sich um ein Amphetamin-Derivat, dessen Wirkungsmechanismus auf der Beeinflussung von Neurotransmittern im menschlichen Gehirn beruht. Es stimuliert Neuronenbündel zur Abgabe von Katecholaminen, einschließlich Dopamin, Adrenalin (Epinephrin) und Norepinephrin. Der Wirkungsmechanismus entspricht dem von anderen Appetitzüglern, wie Diethylpropion und Phendimetrazin. Dabei wird das Hungersignal teilweise unterdrückt, allerdings schwächt sich diese Wirkung bei fortgesetzter Anwendung nach wenigen Wochen ab. Phentermin kann, ähnlich wie Amphetamine, eine psychische Abhängigkeit hervorrufen und ist suchtgefährdend.

Zulassung
In Deutschland ist Phentermin bereits seit Anfang der 1970er Jahre nicht mehr zugelassen. Der Wirkstoff ist Bestandteil des in den USA vor allem zu dieser Zeit vertriebenen Appetithemmers Fen-Phen, einer Kombination aus Phentermin und Fenfluramin, der dafür verantwortlich gemacht wird, dass es bei einigen Probanden zu Herzklappenveränderungen kam. Aufgrund dieser Vorfälle wurde das dafür verantwortlich gemachte Fenfluramin gänzlich vom US-Markt genommen. Mittlerweile sind hinsichtlich dieses Medikaments in den USA Tausende von Klagen aus Produkthaftung anhängig.

Seit 2012 ist Phentermin in Verbindung mit dem Wirkstoff Topiramat auf dem amerikanischen Markt unter der Marke Qsymia als Appetithemmer zur Behandlung von Adipositas zugelassen. Die Europäische Arzneimittel-Agentur stuft das Risiko des Präparats auch nach einer Reevaluation immer noch höher ein als den möglichen Nutzen, weswegen eine Zulassung nicht erfolgte.

Trivia
Bubba Smith, bekannt aus der Police-Academy-Filmreihe, starb am 3. August 2011 an einer Überdosis Phentermin. Der Schauspieler hatte das Arzneimittel trotz bestehender Herzprobleme und Bluthochdrucks eingenommen.

Einzelnachweise

Amphetamin
Stimulans
Arzneistoff
Anorektikum
Betäubungsmittel (BtMG Anlage III)
Psychotroper Wirkstoff


text:
class Solution {

    private class Point {
        public int x;
        public int y;

        public Point(int x, int y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }
    }

    public int maxDistance(int[][] grid) {
        int[][] distances = new int[grid.length][grid[0].length];
        Queue<Point> nextQueue = new LinkedList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < distances.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < distances[i].length; j++) {
                distances[i][j] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                if (grid[i][j] == 1) {
                    nextQueue.add(new Point(i, j));
                }
            }
        }
        int distance = -1;
        while (!nextQueue.isEmpty()) {
            distance++;
            Queue<Point> queue = nextQueue;
            nextQueue = new LinkedList<>();
            while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
                Point current = queue.poll();
                if (current.x < 0 || current.x >= grid.length || current.y < 0 || current.y >= grid[0].length
                    || distances[current.x][current.y] <= distance) {
                    continue;
                }
                distances[current.x][current.y] = distance;
                nextQueue.add(new Point(current.x - 1, current.y));
                nextQueue.add(new Point(current.x + 1, current.y));
                nextQueue.add(new Point(current.x, current.y - 1));
                nextQueue.add(new Point(current.x, current.y + 1));
            }
        }
        int maxDistance = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < distances.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < distances[i].length; j++) {
                //System.out.println(i + " " + j + ": " + distances[i][j]);
                if (grid[i][j] == 0 && distances[i][j] < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                    maxDistance = Math.max(maxDistance, distances[i][j]);
                }
            }
        }
        return maxDistance;
    }
}