text:
Sapphire (1959)
I caught about 40 minutes of this last night, not knowing beforehand that it was going to be shown. It's riveting, with vast amounts of social history and some great performances, and interesting locations.
I hope that Talking Pictures TV will show it again - things seem to turn up several times.
Originally posted by zither View Post
You can check Talking Pictures schedules on line.
Originally posted by cassidy View Post
oddbodjunior
4 April 2017, 02:29 PM
The dvd I have of Sapphire is unfortunately full frame. Was the Talking Pictures presentation broadcast in widescreen ?
Originally posted by oddbodjunior View Post
My husband says:
"ISTR it was shown widecreen on Talking Pictures.
"However, your DVD may not be wrong. At the time that Sapphire was made, films were often shot full-frame but distributed with instructions to the projectionist to mask off the top and bottom of the frame, creating a widescreen image on the cinema screen. Examples that come to mind include The Dam Busters and A Hard Day's Night. The way to check this is to look at the film's title screen. If the titles only use the middle third of the screen measured vertically, then you've got this kind of film and you may be able to correct it using the zoom or aspect controls on your TV. If the titles fill the whole vertical space but are squashed or cut off on the left and right then sorry, you've probably got a pan-and-scan.
"Good luck!"
According to IMDB it was shot in 1.66:1 and the version on YouTube is a lot 'wider' than my purchased DVD copy. Some comments on Amazon suggest that this version is wrong, but someone else says it is correct. Confusing to say the least !.
Yes, that does all sound odd!
Talking Pictures TV is showing it again on 18th April at 10.10. We can check!
I trust you enjoyed it.
Yes, it's really interesting, although didactic in parts, of course. I liked the representation of post-war London, with the dingy lodging-houses, the cars and so on.
Yvonne Mitchell is always worth seeing. I spotted Philip Lowrie, who used to play Dennis Tanner in Coronation Street, in a tiny part (in a coffee bar, as one of a group of students).


text:
Q: Retriving data from a table in HTML by using nextSibling I have two tables in HTML:

    Article title:
    My title

    Author:
    Doe John

By using document.getElementsByClassName("txtdarkgreybold") I can retrieve string Article title: but I am interested in what comes after it, that is: My title. How do I do this? In the second table I can get Author: but I am interested in Doe John. I was thinking about nextSibling as a way to get the strings that come after string I can get but I cannot implement it on my own.

A: You could use nextElementSibling with textContent :
document.querySelector('.txtdarkgreybold').nextElementSibling.textContent

Hope this helps.

console.log( document.querySelectorAll('.txtdarkgreybold')[0].nextElementSibling.textContent );

console.log( document.querySelectorAll('.txtdarkgreybold')[1].nextElementSibling.textContent );

    Article title:
    My title

    Author:
    Doe John

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


All non-customised items will be posted to reach you within 7 working days, this applies to the UK only.
Items will only be posted after full payment has been confirmed.
Items posted to countries outside of the UK may take a little longer.
All items will be posted to the billing address only.
All items will be sent using registered/"signed for" delivery.
Completion times and hence delivery times for customised or commissioned items will depend entirely on the nature of the item and the work required. Please contact me in such cases.
I may not be able to accept orders from countries beyond the United Kingdom (UK), this may be due to my limitation as a hobbyist, or due to either high postage costs or rigorous import requirements to your country. If this is the case, you will be informed as soon as possible but please feel free to contact me if you still wish to pursue a purchase. In any event please accept my apologies if this situation arises.
Each item will have a handling and postage charge applied to it during the checkout process.
This charge applies to postage within the UK only, for purchases from outside of the UK please contact me using the contact page and I will quote you and invoice you separately for the items and postage to your country.
the postage charge applied at checkout, is to cover single item postage. If multiple items are purchased the postage and handling costs will increase, but I will endeavour to reduce the actual cost for multiple items if possible and then refund you the saving (less the Paypal transaction fee).
If you find that the costs for postage are getting too high, please contact me telling me the items you wish to purchase and I will quote you a postage price for the items you wish to order. If this is agreeable, I will then invoice you through Paypal and post the order once payment has been received.


text:
Q: Unable to locate element : xpath I have made a youtube automation bot. I am getting error : unable to locate element (for the Xpath of subscribe button)
here is my code
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium import common
from selenium.webdriver.common import keys
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager
import time

class actions:

    def __init__(self, email, password):
        self.email = email
        self.password = password
        profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
        profile.set_preference("dom.webdriver.enabled", False)
        profile.set_preference('useAutomationExtension', False)
        profile.update_preferences()

        driver = webdriver.Firefox(
            executable_path=GeckoDriverManager().install(), firefox_profile=profile)
        self.bot = driver
        # self.bot.maximize_window()
        self.bot.set_window_size(400, 700)
        self.is_logged_in = False

    def login(self):
        bot = self.bot
        bot.get("https://accounts.google.com/signin/v2/identifier?service=youtube&uilel=3&passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Faction_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26app%3Ddesktop%26hl%3Den%26next%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.youtube.com%252F&hl=en&ec=65620&flowName=GlifWebSignIn&flowEntry=ServiceLogin")
        time.sleep(5)

        try:
            email = bot.find_element_by_name('identifier')
        except common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException:
            time.sleep(5)
            email = bot.find_element_by_name('identifier')

        email.clear()
        email.send_keys(self.email + keys.Keys.RETURN)
        time.sleep(5)

        try:
            password = bot.find_element_by_name('password')
        except common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException:
            time.sleep(5)
            password = bot.find_element_by_name('password')

        password.clear()
        password.send_keys(self.password + keys.Keys.RETURN)
        time.sleep(5)
        self.is_logged_in = True

    def kill(self):
        bot = self.bot
        bot.quit()

    def subscribe(self, url):
        if not self.is_logged_in:
            return

        bot = self.bot
        bot.get(url)
        time.sleep(4)

        try:
            value = bot.find_element_by_xpath(
                '/html/body/ytd-app/div/ytd-page-manager/ytd-watch-flexy/div[5]/div[1]/div/div[7]/div[2]/ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer/div/div/div/ytd-subscribe-button-renderer/tp-yt-paper-button').get_attribute('aria-label')
            value = value.split()
        except:
            bot.execute_script(
                'window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight/3.5)')
            time.sleep(3)
            value = bot.find_element_by_xpath(
                '/html/body/ytd-app/div/ytd-page-manager/ytd-watch-flexy/div[5]/div[1]/div/div[7]/div[2]/ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer/div/div/div/ytd-subscribe-button-renderer/tp-yt-paper-button').get_attribute('aria-label')
            value = value.split(':')

        if value[0] == "Subscribe":
            try:
                bot.find_element_by_xpath(
                    '/html/body/ytd-app/div/ytd-page-manager/ytd-watch-flexy/div[5]/div[1]/div/div[7]/div[2]/ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer/div/div/div/ytd-subscribe-button-renderer/tp-yt-paper-button').click()
                time.sleep(3)
            except:
                bot.execute_script(
                    'window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight/3.5)')
                time.sleep(3)
                bot.find_element_by_xpath(
                    '/html/body/ytd-app/div/ytd-page-manager/ytd-watch-flexy/div[5]/div[1]/div/div[7]/div[2]/ytd-video-secondary-info-renderer/div/div/div/ytd-subscribe-button-renderer/tp-yt-paper-button').click()
        time.sleep(3)

how can i resolve this issue. I am not able to understand where things are going wrong. Or i should try find elements by id or other ways instead of Xpath.
Or is there any problem with any software.
Please help me out

A: Always use relative XPath in your test. Using the absolute XPath will cause regular test failures.
Refer to this tutorial about writing the relative XPaths. https://www.guru99.com/xpath-selenium.html
This extension will help you to write the relative XPaths. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chropath/ljngjbnaijcbncmcnjfhigebomdlkcjo

A: You can refer how to write XPath in different ways using functions like text(), starts-with(), contains(). so you can locate them by visible texts also.
Refer this articlehere


text:
The Scream is coming to London! Rare version of Edvard Munch's iconic painting will be displayed in Britain for the first time in a decade
Painting to be included in major exhibition titled Edvard Munch: Love and Angst
The British Museum says is the largest UK display of Munch's prints for 45 years
Munch made several versions of The Scream, which is his most iconic artwork
Most famous version of painting famously sold at auction for a record $119.9m
By Alexander Robertson For Mailonline
Published: 09:50 EST, 8 January 2019 | Updated: 11:36 EST, 8 January 2019
The London Museum will showcase a rare black-and-white lithograph of The Scream artwork from 1895 (pictured)
A rare version of Edvard Munch's famous The Scream is set to go on display in Britain for the first time in a decade.
The harrowing image will be included in a major exhibition titled Edvard Munch: Love and Angst, which the British Museum says is the largest display of Munch's prints in the UK for 45 years.
The Norwegian artist's work has been hailed as 'one of the most iconic images in art history' by the director of the British Museum.
Munch made five versions of The Scream, which shares the psychological strain and raw emotion of the 20th century master's work.
The London Museum will showcase a rare black-and-white lithograph of the artwork from 1895.
The print has come from an Oslo private collection and is one of fewer than 20 such impressions, all printed by Munch himself, in existence today.
It was last seen in Britain as part of a touring exhibition in Glasgow in 2009.
The most famous version of the artwork, a painting from 1893, sold at auction for a record $119.9 million in 2012.
More than 80 pieces will go on display in April, the museum announced.
There is only one Munch oil painting in a British public collection, namely The Sick Child (1907) at the Tate, which has been lent to the British Museum for the exhibit.
Women are being targeted': Tory MP Anna Soubry slams abuse... 'I fear the moment when every memory will go': Barbara...
Giulia Bartrum, curator of the upcoming exhibition said: 'Munch's work was to do with the inner workings of the human mind. That was what he was trying to express in his work and that has huge resonance today.
'He was also a European, he was really cosmopolitan. That is a fantastic message to convey.'
'We hope to lift the veil on the deeply personal and emotional artworks of the man behind The Scream.'
The Girl at the Window (1894), The Day After (1894), Self-Portrait (1895), Jealousy II (1896), The Sick Child (1894) and Melancholy III (1902) are among the works that will feature at the exhibit
British Museum staff member Prya holds up a self-portrait by Munch, which is one of 80 pieces that will go on display in April
Munch, living from 1863 to 1944, lost his mother and favourite sister in childhood, and suffered psychological crises verging on madness during his lifetime, which saw the birth of modernity and modern anxieties.
He strove to produce 'soul art' and reflect the deepest and darkest feelings of humanity.
The new exhibition includes prints ranging from the fearful to the shockingly erotic - he had numerous love affairs - many of which have never been seen in the UK before.
The exhibition will also include an x-ray of the artist's hand with a bullet lodged in it, an injury sustained in an argument with a lover.
Hartwig Fischer, director of the British Museum, said: 'This survey of Munch's pioneering art will allow visitors to see why he is considered one of the greatest artists of all time.'
Munch initially made his name, and income, from printmaking.
He experimented with the form throughout his life, and produced a print of The Scream following his famed paintings.
EDVARD MUNCH'S THE SCREAM
The first and most recognisable Scream, a painted version from 1893
'The Scream' is the popular name given to each of five versions of a composition created by the Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910.
The German title Munch gave these works is Der Schrei der Natur (The Scream of Nature).
The works show a figure with an agonized expression against a landscape with a swirling orange sky.
Edvard Munch created the five versions in various media, including paint and pastel.
It is estimated that each composition is worth over £110 million.
Some say it was a volcanic sunset after the 1883 Krakatau eruption, while others think the wavy sky shows a scream from nature.
The first version of 'The Scream' was released in 1893.
It depicts a dark human-like figure clutching its head in apparent horror against the backdrop of a swirling, red-orange sky.
There are five known versions of The Scream: an 1893 tempera on cardboard; an 1893 crayon on cardboard; an 1895 pastel on cardboard that billionaire Leon Black bought for nearly $120 million at auction; and a tempera on hard cardboard thought to have been painted in 1910.
A two-tone lithograph was created in 1895, and is the version that will be displayed in Britain this year.
Rare version of Edvard Munch's iconic Scream painting coming to UK
Amber Heard packs on the PDA with new girlfriend Bianca Butti before taking to the podium to speak at 4th Annual Women's Day March in LA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Six sea (or nautical) miles from the coast of Gansbaai, quite close to Dyer Island and Geyser Rock, a great white shark breaks through the water surface. Its dorsal fin cuts through the water. The dorsal fin can be seen quite distinctively. It is an individual, special feature of recognition of the shark, unique and unmistakable. Following the article, which appeared in the edition of "Wissenschaft" on 20th August, 2004, US biomechanics have deciphered the use of the rakish shape of the shark fin. The dorsal fin and also the tail fin with its asymmetric composition ensure the mobility of the shark. The researchers analysed the swirls of current (high-speed camera), created in an upward motion by the enlarged fin. "The current conducts the water simultaneously backwards and downwards", as explained by Cheryl Wilga and George Lauder from the Rhode Island University. "In this way the vertical manoeuvrablility is increased. "With fishes with symmetrical fins, swirls of current are formed around a rotational axis, however the shark allows the water to flow in a more complicated way. Two swirl centres layered above each other stabilise it with sideways (or lateral) and vertical movements (Wissenschaft 20/08/2004).


What is wrong with you? Seriously, I really want to know. Psychologists, like psychiatrists, aren't supposed to diagnose people we don't actually assess in-person so I will refrain from saying you have any particular diagnosis or diagnoses. However, I think it's completely fair to use observed behaviors and see how they may be consistent with one or more diagnoses. To streamline this effort I got information from the Mayo Clinic to put together a table with the signs and symptoms of the two diagnoses I think your behaviors are likely most consistent with and will mark those behaviors I've observed in you or that have been reported by multiples sources in the news. Then we'll see what we get when they are all tallied up. I think that's fair.
*Or, I would add, not caring about the negative consequences of one's behavior.
I'm actually quite stunned to see the results. Even I hadn't seriously thought there would be observed evidence of your behavior that is consistent with every single criteria for both narcissistic and antisocial personality disorder. My ears are ringing and I feel sick to my stomach as I try to process this. And incredibly, the thing that prompted me to look at your behavior in this way isn't even on either list. What else could there be, you might wonder. Well, I have been especially appalled lately at the quotes about how you like to watch people around you argue and fight, that you enjoy it and try to make it happen. This is a particularly sadistic behavior and I don't know why it isn't included in the antisocial list, but maybe it's because the base rate is too low.
Most of the time people whose behavior is indicative of such severe antisocial personality disorder (with or without the narcissism) are in prison. If they are not in prison it's usually because they have inherited wealth or are otherwise protected by their social status, which appears to be your situation. However, I think all this crap is going to catch up with you and you are going to be in a heap of trouble any day now.
May we be safe from self-absorbed psychopaths.
May we be happy with politicians who are not self-absorbed psychopaths.
May America be healthy enough to withstand our self-absorbed psychopath in chief.
May we not lose sight of the imperative of peace in the face of this evil onslaught.


Four years into his tenure as the director of the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL), Micah Kane has helped to turn around a historically troubled agency. Among other innovations, he's overseen a shift from individual house construction to larger-scale, master-planned regional developments such as East Kapolei, where DHHL recently broke ground on Phase I. With 403 units, it's the department's largest residential development to date.
Q: How has DHHL been able to refocus its efforts?
A: The advisory board we assembled has been a key component of our success. My first week here, I remember sitting right at this desk, thinking, What am I going to do? I don't know how to develop. But we have 200,000 acres of land, we have quite a bit of money through the trust, we have offices on every island, the ability to designate zoning and expedite permitting, 140 staff members. If you gave any developers those resources, they'd be in good shape. So we chose 10 of the best developers and businessmen in the state, and convinced them that we wanted them to be part of this process. With the East Kapolei II project, for example, we broke them into groups and said, we have 318 acres of land, we have to house 1,600 people, these are the requirements for schools, parks, public facilities, and you've got $10 million. Make it work. Brainstorming challenges like that bring out the most creative, interesting ideas.
Q: So more homes are being built. What is Hawaiian Homelands doing to make sure that Hawaiians can afford them when the time comes?
A: We've invested about $1.5 million in what we call our HOAP program [Home Ownership Assistance Program]. It takes families on our wait list who need help, and gets them engaged in financial literacy and evaluation. In the past 18 to 24 months, we've done 76 homebuyer education classes across the state, with 1,600 beneficiaries attending. We've had 1,400 families in one-on-one case-management efforts. Already, out of the 1,600 beneficiaries, 92 of them are in homes. Those are families who were on some type of government assistance, and now they're contributing taxes back into our community.
Q: Your current strategic plan calls for every qualified Hawaiian currently on the list to be given an opportunity to be placed on land by 2008. How is that going?
A: The list is this real abstract issue. There are about 20,000 names on the list. We estimate that one out of every two has a home right now. There isn't any urgency for them to get a home from us. Another 25 percent we're statutorily required to keep on our list, but we don't have any communication with them. So we want to build about 6,000 units over a five-year period. We're in the third year of our strategic plan, and we're projected to do about 1,500 this next year. We're kind of on track, probably 300 units behind. But the model is there, the projects are there, the momentum is there. Now it's just an issue of money.
Q: Is the Department of Hawaiian Homelands still facing legal challenges from those who feel that it discriminates unconstitutionally on the basis of race?
A: Right now, we spend about 25 percent of our time defending our right to exist as a Hawaiian organization in Hawai'i. We're spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on legal battles. We have to put up a defense, but, just as importantly, we have to tell people what we do, tell them the impact we're having, not only on Native Hawaiians, but on the state as a whole. We're housing people who had been in that low-income, affordable rental market, which is freeing up thousands of units for the non-Hawaiian community.
Q: What do you see as the ultimate goal of the Department of Hawaiian Homelands?
A: We envision a department that is so successful that we will work our way out of a job. There will not be a need for the Department of Hawaiian Homelands. Our native people, as defined under the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, will have been rehabilitated. I get kind of emotional about it.


text:
Wojciech Woźniak (ur. 1975) – archiwista
 Wojciech Woźniak (ur. 1964) – artysta
 Wojciech Woźniak (1952–2019) – dziennikarz
 Wojciech Woźniak (ur. 1934) – piłkarz
 Wojciech Woźniak (1946–2003) – poeta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
2011/09/25 19:06 titorelli 2011/09/25 19:04 titorelli 2011/09/25 19:03 titorelli 2011/09/25 19:03 titorelli 2011/09/25 19:02 titorelli 2011/09/25 19:01 titorelli 2011/05/02 20:11 titorelli 2011/05/02 20:10 titorelli 2011/04/13 00:57 titorelli 2011/04/12 16:21 titorelli 2011/04/12 15:59 titorelli 2011/04/12 13:23 titorelli 2011/04/12 13:01 titorelli Filled in missing part: "The public debt crisis"2011/04/12 12:33 titorelli 2011/04/12 07:13 benjamin As in the preface, I'm assuming some formatting laguage reason for the double brackets - (( and )). In the third paragraph of this text there is a gap which needs to be filled in i.e. "… is not over yet and if the situation worsens". I'm assumed you knew that some details needed to be inserted inthe preface too, but I thought I'd remind you since I've forgotten such things in the past and had unfortunate notes appear in print, like "remember to fill in name here" and such. In the ninth paragraph there is a reference to "the modes of production and of existence". 'Mode of production' is usually expressed in the singular, as in there is one mode of production at a time. I've left it as plural, but I'd think about which you want. But as with the preface, the English is actually excellent.2011/04/11 14:17 titorelli 2011/04/11 14:17 titorelli Översättningssida skapad
en:crisis-and-communisation [2011/09/25 19:04]
titorelli
en:crisis-and-communisation [2015/04/12 21:08] (current)
//Communisation is not any kind of peaceful experimentation with new ways of life, but the revolutionary answer by the proletariat to an acute social crisis. The text below offers a few observations on this connection in the light of the current crisis.// //Communisation is not any kind of peaceful experimentation with new ways of life, but the revolutionary answer by the proletariat to an acute social crisis. The text below offers a few observations on this connection in the light of the current crisis.//
- The class struggle between capital and the proletariat takes place all the time and forms the whole of our existence. In most cases it takes relatively peaceful forms, but throughout history it has given rise to numerous revolutionary movements which have threatened the existence of the mode of production. These movements have always originated in a refusal of unendurable proletarian living conditions, but it is not simply that an 'excessive' exploitation regularly calls capitalism into question. Often it is rather a 'too lenient' treatment of the working class which is the immediate cause behind social unrest. We can take Greece as an example, where the very poor finances of the State (caused, according to the bourgeoisie's representatives, by too generous conditions for many groups of workers) in the end had to be remedied by the blood-letting of the working class. Exploitation and surplus value production are two terms for the same thing, and since the capital relation lives from producing surplus value, i.e. from exploiting workers, the class contradiction necessarily belongs to its most inner essence. Never can it escape from this contradiction, no matter how much the mode of production manages to mutate. Therefore, the threat that this relation will explode from the inside lurks behind every serious crisis. + The class struggle between capital and the proletariat takes place all the time and forms the whole of our existence. In most cases it takes relatively peaceful forms, but throughout history it has given rise to numerous revolutionary movements which have threatened the existence of the mode of production. These movements have always originated in a refusal of unendurable proletarian living conditions, but it is not simply that an 'excessive' exploitation regularly calls capitalism into question. Often it is rather a 'too lenient' treatment of the working class which is the immediate cause behind social unrest. We can take Greece as an example, where the very poor finances of the State (caused, according to the bourgeoisie's representatives, by too generous conditions for many groups of workers) in the end had to be remedied by the blood-letting of the working class. Exploitation and surplus value production are two terms for the same thing, and since the capital relation lives from producing surplus value, i.e. from exploiting workers, the class contradiction necessarily belongs to its most inner essence. Never can it escape from this contradiction, no matter how much the mode of production manages to mutate. Therefore, the threat that this relation will explode from the inside lurks behind every serious crisis.
- Serious crises, such as the one we have been experiencing since 2008, break out in situations where the capitalist class fails to guarantee sufficiently high surplus value production under bearable conditions for the producers of this surplus value (that which in bourgeois jargon is called combining growth with social considerations). The most abstract definition of a crisis for the capitalist mode of production is that its reproduction is being threatened, that is to say the continued reproduction of the antagonist classes. It is on the concrete level, however, that we can see the crisis develop before our eyes: banks and companies that are threatened with bankruptcy and workers who are losing their jobs, are evicted from their homes, or are subjected to wage cuts, reduced pensions, poorer healthcare and so on. When single capitals or groups of proletarians get into straits, the State can intervene in order to ward off an emergency, by bailing out companies or handing out a little extra money to the municipalities and thereby maintaining a certain level of service. But there are never any miracle cures. In such instances, the State indebts itself, and sooner or later the budget has to be balanced, which means that in the end it is the proletariat which has to pay for it. The only mercy that the capitalist class can offer the proletarians of a country in crisis is some form of installment plan (a mortgage on future exploitation), or they can let the proletarians of another country pay a part of the bill. An example of the former is how Iceland was instructed to compensate Britain and the Netherlands for their losses connected with the collapse of Icesave: 2.8 billion euros plus interest over a period of thirty years. An example of the latter is the Swedish government's vigorous pressure within the EU and the IMF in 2009 in order to prevent a devaluation of the Latvian currency, which would have been devastating for the Swedish banks that had lent out enormous sums to the Baltic countries. The latters' brutal austerity packages were probably completely necessary in order to save the Swedish banking system from collapse, something which explains the extremely tough demands by Sweden and the EU.((Only after the height of the storm had passed did the Swedish finance minister dare to speak directly: 'This I have never said so clearly before, but the truth is that Sweden was in very, very big trouble in 2009, virtually over the edge' – Anders Borg, January 19, 2011.)) Acute measures such as emergency loans for the auto industry or nationalisations of mortgage companies do not, however, solve the underlying problem behind the crisis, which is a crisis of investment or rather a crisis of accumulation, i.e. a crisis of exploitation.((Cf. Screamin' Alice, '[[http://endnotes.org.uk/articles/15|The breakdown of a relationship? Reflections on the crisis]]', October 2008.)) Order insists that exploitation be deepened. + Serious crises, such as the one we have been experiencing since 2008, break out in situations where the capitalist class fails to guarantee sufficiently high surplus value production under bearable conditions for the producers of this surplus value (that which in bourgeois jargon is called combining growth with social considerations). The most abstract definition of a crisis for the capitalist mode of production is that its reproduction is being threatened, that is to say the continued reproduction of the antagonist classes. It is on the concrete level, however, that we can see the crisis develop before our eyes: banks and companies that are threatened with bankruptcy and workers who are losing their jobs, are evicted from their homes, or are subjected to wage cuts, reduced pensions, poorer healthcare and so on. When single capitals or groups of proletarians get into straits, the State can intervene in order to ward off an emergency, by bailing out companies or handing out a little extra money to the municipalities and thereby maintaining a certain level of service. But there are never any miracle cures. In such instances, the State indebts itself, and sooner or later the budget has to be balanced, which means that in the end it is the proletariat which has to pay for it. The only mercy that the capitalist class can offer the proletarians of a country in crisis is some form of installment plan (a mortgage on future exploitation), or they can let the proletarians of another country pay a part of the bill. An example of the former is how Iceland was instructed to compensate Britain and the Netherlands for their losses connected with the collapse of Icesave: 2.8 billion euros plus interest over a period of thirty years. An example of the latter is the Swedish government's vigorous pressure within the EU and the IMF in 2009 in order to prevent a devaluation of the Latvian currency, which would have been devastating for the Swedish banks that had lent out enormous sums to the Baltic countries. The latters' brutal austerity packages were probably completely necessary in order to save the Swedish banking system from collapse, something which explains the extremely tough demands by Sweden and the EU.((Only after the height of the storm had passed did the Swedish finance minister dare to speak directly: 'This I have never said so clearly before, but the truth is that Sweden was in very, very big trouble in 2009, virtually over the edge' – Anders Borg, January 19, 2011.)) Acute measures such as emergency loans for the auto industry or nationalisations of mortgage companies do not, however, solve the underlying problem behind the crisis, which is a crisis of investment or rather a crisis of accumulation, i.e. a crisis of exploitation.((Cf. Screamin' Alice, '[[http://endnotes.org.uk/articles/15|The breakdown of a relationship? Reflections on the crisis]]', October 2008.)) Order insists that exploitation be deepened.
In the autumn of 2008 we witnessed how the capitalist states coordinated themselves on a world scale (from Washington to Beijing, from Frankfurt to Stockholm) in order to confront the financial crisis, but still they are far from mastering the situation. We've gone from a situation where the banks were at the brink of bankruptcy to one in which whole countries are threatened by insolvency. The public debt crisis is not over yet and if the situation worsens – for instance as a result of renewed struggles in Spain or in other deeply indebted countries, or as a consequence of higher oil prices – this could very well produce a domino effect like the one that the banks were facing in the autumn of 2008 and the beginning of 2009. The international community is already holding a number of countries above water (Iceland, Latvia, Greece, Hungary, Ukraine, Ireland…) and the question is how many more it is able to hold up. In the autumn of 2008 we witnessed how the capitalist states coordinated themselves on a world scale (from Washington to Beijing, from Frankfurt to Stockholm) in order to confront the financial crisis, but still they are far from mastering the situation. We've gone from a situation where the banks were at the brink of bankruptcy to one in which whole countries are threatened by insolvency. The public debt crisis is not over yet and if the situation worsens – for instance as a result of renewed struggles in Spain or in other deeply indebted countries, or as a consequence of higher oil prices – this could very well produce a domino effect like the one that the banks were facing in the autumn of 2008 and the beginning of 2009. The international community is already holding a number of countries above water (Iceland, Latvia, Greece, Hungary, Ukraine, Ireland…) and the question is how many more it is able to hold up.
A global crisis of exploitation does not automatically lead to revolution, although the revolution is unthinkable without such a crisis. At the same time, a communist revolution today is one of the most difficult and dangerous things one can imagine, in that it would mean a confrontation with all the State apparatuses of the world. The alternatives must thus be extraordinarily grim for it to be a reality at all. To make the revolution is not to sacrifice oneself to an ideal but to try to reach a solution to immediate pressing needs. A global crisis of exploitation does not automatically lead to revolution, although the revolution is unthinkable without such a crisis. At the same time, a communist revolution today is one of the most difficult and dangerous things one can imagine, in that it would mean a confrontation with all the State apparatuses of the world. The alternatives must thus be extraordinarily grim for it to be a reality at all. To make the revolution is not to sacrifice oneself to an ideal but to try to reach a solution to immediate pressing needs.
- //Riff-raff// is part of the communisation current. We maintain that the only revolutionary perspective today is that of communisation, that the communist revolution of today necessarily has to take the form of communisation. As a revolutionary practice this is characterised by the proletariat, in its struggle with capital, immediately taking on the task of abolishing its own conditions of life, i.e. all that which determines the proletariat as a class: property, exchange, work, the State, etc. Such a revolution passes neither through the conquering of political power nor the appropriation of the means of production, not even as a necessary step on the way. On the contrary, the revolutionary process is characterised by that process in which politics and the economy, the value form as a social mediation between individuals, is abolished and replaced by communism. The proletariat thus does not raise itself to become the dominant class, but abolishes itself along with all other classes in the course of the struggle against capital. Communisation does not fall from the sky, nor does it 'arrive from the future'; it is a qualitative leap and a rupture with the form of class struggle that takes place every day (struggles over the wage, working conditions, etc). It breaks out the moment when the proletarians are forced to //take communist measures// against the class enemy: //methods with which capital can be destroyed//. + //Riff-raff// is part of the communisation current. We maintain that the only revolutionary perspective today is that of communisation, that the communist revolution of today necessarily has to take the form of communisation. As a revolutionary practice this is characterised by the proletariat, in its struggle with capital, immediately taking on the task of abolishing its own conditions of life, i.e. all that which determines the proletariat as a class: property, exchange, work, the State, etc. Such a revolution passes neither through the conquering of political power nor the appropriation of the means of production, not even as a necessary step on the way. On the contrary, the revolutionary process is characterised by that process in which politics and the economy, the value form as a social mediation between individuals, is abolished and replaced by communism. The proletariat thus does not raise itself to become the dominant class, but abolishes itself along with all other classes in the course of the struggle against capital. Communisation does not fall from the sky, nor does it 'arrive from the future'; it is a qualitative leap and a rupture with the form of class struggle that takes place every day (struggles over the wage, working conditions, etc). It breaks out the moment when the proletarians are forced to //take communist measures// against the class enemy: //methods with which capital can be destroyed//.
- In the middle of the nineteenth century, Marx and Engels defined communism in the following manner: 'Communism is for us not a //state of affairs// which is to be established, an //ideal// to which reality [will] have to adjust itself. We call communism the //real// movement which abolishes the present state of things. The conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence.' (//The German Ideology//, 1845) Communism as the real movement, this can by no means be interpreted to mean that communism can be witnessed here and now as existing communist relations. Such relations are completely incompatible with capitalist society. Communism as the real movement has to mean, rather, that it can be //deduced// from the "the premises now in existence", from really existing class struggle. And since class struggle has changed – indeed the whole world has changed – the revolutionary perspective necessarily has to look different today. We must honestly ask ourselves what sort of revolution can be imagined from how the world is today. + In the middle of the nineteenth century, Marx and Engels defined communism in the following manner: 'Communism is for us not a //state of affairs// which is to be established, an //ideal// to which reality [will] have to adjust itself. We call communism the //real// movement which abolishes the present state of things. The conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence.' (//The German Ideology//, 1845) Communism as the real movement, this can by no means be interpreted to mean that communism can be witnessed here and now as existing communist relations. Such relations are completely incompatible with capitalist society. Communism as the real movement has to mean, rather, that it can be //deduced// from the "the premises now in existence", from really existing class struggle. And since class struggle has changed – indeed the whole world has changed – the revolutionary perspective necessarily has to look different today. We must honestly ask ourselves what sort of revolution can be imagined from how the world is today.
It is always hazardous to speak of the future, but the risks are smaller when we are discussing the near future. Let us therefore sketch out the following scenario: the crisis has deepened and enormous quantities of capital have been lost. The capitalist class desperately has to increase exploitation in order to restart accumulation anew. The proletariat is resisting and after a while the situation arises, somewhere, where none of the classes can yield, which leads to enormous disturbances in society. The wage loss due to strikes and unemployment along with a currency crisis then creates an acute need for all sorts of provisions at the same time as one can no longer pay for these. The movement thus enters a new phase, when the proletarians stop paying the rent, electricity, water, and start to break into warehouses, occupy farm lands and so on, in short when they take what they need. Now, these encroachments on property rights are not the appropriation of the means of production and of existence; these do not pass over to the workers to become their property. Instead they cease to be property – they become //communised//. In the struggle against capital, the proletarians are strengthened and united by making themselves independent of working for money; //class unity appears thus in the process of the dissolution of classes// – in communisation. To concretely abolish themselves as proletarians is going to be the most difficult thing in the world, but is at the same time the ultimate weapon in the class struggle. With its communising measures the proletariat combats efficiently the class enemy by destroying all the conditions which constantly recreate the proletariat as a class. In the end, the proletariat can only fend off capital by negating itself as a value-creating class and //at the same time// – in one and the same process – producing completely new lives that are incompatible with the reproduction of capital. It is always hazardous to speak of the future, but the risks are smaller when we are discussing the near future. Let us therefore sketch out the following scenario: the crisis has deepened and enormous quantities of capital have been lost. The capitalist class desperately has to increase exploitation in order to restart accumulation anew. The proletariat is resisting and after a while the situation arises, somewhere, where none of the classes can yield, which leads to enormous disturbances in society. The wage loss due to strikes and unemployment along with a currency crisis then creates an acute need for all sorts of provisions at the same time as one can no longer pay for these. The movement thus enters a new phase, when the proletarians stop paying the rent, electricity, water, and start to break into warehouses, occupy farm lands and so on, in short when they take what they need. Now, these encroachments on property rights are not the appropriation of the means of production and of existence; these do not pass over to the workers to become their property. Instead they cease to be property – they become //communised//. In the struggle against capital, the proletarians are strengthened and united by making themselves independent of working for money; //class unity appears thus in the process of the dissolution of classes// – in communisation. To concretely abolish themselves as proletarians is going to be the most difficult thing in the world, but is at the same time the ultimate weapon in the class struggle. With its communising measures the proletariat combats efficiently the class enemy by destroying all the conditions which constantly recreate the proletariat as a class. In the end, the proletariat can only fend off capital by negating itself as a value-creating class and //at the same time// – in one and the same process – producing completely new lives that are incompatible with the reproduction of capital.
- Since the communisation process is characterised by the abolition of all social classes, including the proletariat, it leads – if it is completed – to an end of class struggle. It would be a big mistake, however, to imagine this process as one of gradually diminishing class antagonism, concurrently with communist relations pushing aside the capitalist ones. Communisation is a rupture with the everyday class struggle in that it is no longer any kind of defence of labour. Still, it is //from the beginning to the end// a //class practice//. (From having struggled to exist one now struggles for not having to exist.) Communisation is thus not an alternative way of life; it won't be a social experiment of free individuals. Communisation is on the whole not a //free choice// but again an immediate need in a certain situation, a task which the proletarians impose on themselves, compelled by material conditions, when their situation has become unbearable and incompatible with the accumulation of capital. It is only the struggle with capital which can drive the proletariat to the point where it is compelled to smash the State, abolish capital and itself, in order to escape from its situation. Communisation should thus not be seen as a strategy or a method that can be chosen in an abundance of others, as if the proletariat had been standing in front of a smörgåsbord of possible revolutionary solutions. When we speak of revolution it is instead as material //necessity//, and the object of theory is to define this necessity: the conditions for the abolition of the capitalist mode of production. Only an analysis of the //existing// contradictory relation, of the conditions of its reproduction and of its //non-reproduction//, as well as a careful and detailed analysis of the 'empirical' class struggles that we witness and take part in today, can contribute to this being anything but a pious hope or pure speculation. + Since the communisation process is characterised by the abolition of all social classes, including the proletariat, it leads – if it is completed – to an end of class struggle. It would be a big mistake, however, to imagine this process as one of gradually diminishing class antagonism, concurrently with communist relations pushing aside the capitalist ones. Communisation is a rupture with the everyday class struggle in that it is no longer any kind of defence of labour. Still, it is //from the beginning to the end// a //class practice//. (From having struggled to exist one now struggles for not having to exist.) Communisation is thus not an alternative way of life; it won't be a social experiment of free individuals. Communisation is on the whole not a //free choice// but again an immediate need in a certain situation, a task which the proletarians impose on themselves, compelled by material conditions, when their situation has become unbearable and incompatible with the accumulation of capital. It is only the struggle with capital which can drive the proletariat to the point where it is compelled to smash the State, abolish capital and itself, in order to escape from its situation. Communisation should thus not be seen as a strategy or a method that can be chosen in an abundance of others, as if the proletariat had been standing in front of a smörgåsbord of possible revolutionary solutions. When we speak of revolution it is instead as material //necessity//, and the object of theory is to define this necessity: the conditions for the abolition of the capitalist mode of production. Only an analysis of the //existing// contradictory relation, of the conditions of its reproduction and of its //non-reproduction//, as well as a careful and detailed analysis of the 'empirical' class struggles that we witness and take part in today, can contribute to this being anything but a pious hope or pure speculation.
- There are those who maintain that communism is necessary now: 'To go on waiting is madness. The catastrophe is not coming, it is here. We are already situated within the collapse of a civilization. It is within this reality that we must choose sides.' This you can read in //The Coming Insurrection//, a book which has attracted much attention recently. This is not theory, however, but rhetoric and propaganda. It is a call for action, just like the authors' previous book //Call//. What is assumed here (if not explicitly) is that the objective conditions of the revolution are ready, or rather overripe, and that now only a subjective condition is needed which can smash 'a dying social system [that] has no other justification to its arbitrary nature but its absurd determination – its senile determination – to simply //linger on//…' (//Call//, p. 4.) We do not conceive of the revolution as the coincidence of objective and subjective conditions. Revolution, communisation, is actually not a necessity here and now, for we can still not witness it. But that doesn't mean that it can't be necessary tomorrow! It is easy to become impatient when one sees where the world is heading, and we may all feel trapped inside an 'absurd determinism'. The law of determinacy is inexorable however; never can we act in a way which makes ourselves independent from this determinism. But as a part of determinism, as //necessarily determined// by class antagonism, we can act //in accordance with what we are – against what we have been – and as a class abolish all classes//, when we are one day brought face to face with this awful task. + There are those who maintain that communism is necessary now: 'To go on waiting is madness. The catastrophe is not coming, it is here. We are already situated within the collapse of a civilization. It is within this reality that we must choose sides.' This you can read in //The Coming Insurrection//, a book which has attracted much attention recently. This is not theory, however, but rhetoric and propaganda. It is a call for action, just like the authors' previous book //Call//. What is assumed here (if not explicitly) is that the objective conditions of the revolution are ready, or rather overripe, and that now only a subjective condition is needed which can smash 'a dying social system [that] has no other justification to its arbitrary nature but its absurd determination – its senile determination – to simply //linger on//…' (//Call//, p. 4.) We do not conceive of the revolution as the coincidence of objective and subjective conditions. Revolution, communisation, is actually not a necessity here and now, for we can still not witness it. But that doesn't mean that it can't be necessary tomorrow! It is easy to become impatient when one sees where the world is heading, and we may all feel trapped inside an 'absurd determinism'. The law of determinacy is inexorable however; never can we act in a way which makes ourselves independent from this determinism. But as a part of determinism, as //necessarily determined// by class antagonism, we can act //in accordance with what we are – against what we have been – and as a class abolish all classes//, when we are one day brought face to face with this awful task.
:: March 2011 :: March 2011
en/crisis-and-communisation.txt · Last modified: 2015/04/12 21:08 (external edit)


Caspian Lake is certainly towards the top of the list for the cleanest lake in Vermont. This beautiful lake offers water skiers their own place to set up a slalom course, the shallow areas are perfect for snorkelers and divers can enjoy the depths. During the winter months Caspian Lake is a very popular ice fishing location. There are many camps, homes and vacation rentals that line the edge of this fun-filled lake.
Caspian Lake and Stannard Mountain Views. Exquisitely restored 3-bedroom farmhouse and 3-bedroom schoolhouse on 10 gardened and treed acres, with a secluded writing cabin in the woods, and a deeded easement to private dock.
Cute, comfortable and cozy cottage just off of Caspian Lake with Right of way access to the lake, docks and views. 2 bedrooms and 3/4 bath, great kitchen space with dining area and living room. Large screened porch all on one side of the cottage large enough for picnic table if you wish. One car, detached garage with sleeping area and storage above. Washer & Dryer hook ups in separate room off back of cottage. Large lot with plenty of lawn to relax or play games on!! Don't miss this one it's not going to last long.


Serves as the central resource with design, process, manufacturing, test, quality and marketing as the product(s) move to production and distribution. Involvement lasts throughout all stages of a product's lifecycle including modifications, upgrades and maintenance of the product or product line.
Advanced professional role with broad understanding of their area of expertise.
Resolves complex issues requiring in-depth knowledge and skills.
Exercises judgment in decision making, determines approach, methods and procedures to use on new assignments.
May coordinate and guide the work of others.
Career level professional individual contributor role.
Experienced, fully qualified professional with a full understanding of their area of expertise.
Works independently on problems of diverse scope.
Conduct various types of research and analysis to support business operations of an internal business segment, division, group or line of business. Assist management in resolving business issues in an effective and productive manner.
Design, document and re-engineer business processes and publish business metrics results. • Performs analyses of the business goals, objectives and needs of the general business environment for appropriate FIS segment, division, group or line of business.
• Performs research and analysis to support business operations and presents findings to manager or project leader.
• Plans and designs business processes and make recommendations and changes in order to improve and support business systems and activities and/or to deliver greater effectiveness and efficiency.
• Utilizes systems and data to resolve business issues in the most effective and productive manner.
• Identifies and implements best practices and suggests how to improve current practices.
• Calculates/estimates costs and benefits of alternative actions or solutions to establish their viability/return on investment.
• Develops recommendations to solve problems and issues related to business operations.
• Analyzes and documents business processes and metrics and identifies improvement opportunities.
• May train internal employees on changes to business practices, processes or procedures.
• May perform special projects upon request and on occasion.
• May provide coaching and/or guidance to less experienced Business Analysts.


Last year we began a notebook which we lovingly entitled, "The Chronicles of Sightings". It came out of a period when I in particular was wondering if God truly exsisted and cared to be involved in our lives. Dad and Mom brought the idea to the family to chronicle the times we've spotted God clearly working in every detail, providing for all our needs, and moving mountains we were powerless to move. Stories began to fill up the pages over the weeks, but in the midst of cleaning for company shortly after, the notebook was moved from the kitchen counter to a quiet spot in the back of the home, sitting unnoticed for many months.
Not too long ago, we pulled the notebook out of its hiding place to resume its familiar resting spot. Since then there have been more entries, and I think it's time to share and give God the glory through some of the chronicles we recorded. He alone deserves the wonderful praise for all the intricate and amazing things He works in our lives, sometimes things so small we overlook them, or so huge that we are overwhelmed by His gracious hand.
God has worked many little details to provide for our bus while on a tight budget. Things we thought tough or impossible to cover financially God has provided. We are amazed at His provision; give Him the glory, honor, and praise!
Next up on "The Chronicles", surprise blessings through Dad's unemployment!
Well, praise God – and I'm looking forward to hearing of even more blessings!


Thames Valley Police covers the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. The police force area covers 2,216 square miles in the south east of England. The resident population is ethnically diverse and is increased by university students and the large numbers who visit, socialise in, commute into, or travel through the area each year.
They have a very proactive approach to volunteering and community engagement with a long standing Special Constabulary and a Police Support Volunteer programme that has been in place since 1997. The Police Cadet programme is the newest form of volunteering and has been in place across the force since 2014. Across these schemes there are approximately 1200 volunteers, and in addition, Thames Valley Police also works with over 10,000 external volunteers from organisations such as Neighbourhood Watch, Community Forums, Independent Advisory Groups and partner volunteering organisations.
Volunteers support a wide range of departments and teams across the force area and are involved in tasks as diverse as puppy socialising, administration, training, roads policing as well as providing a critical friend role. Their support and the continued development of the roles they undertake is a vital part of the Community Resilience strategy, aimed at making communities stronger and safer.
Across the range of volunteering options, Thames Valley Police works with volunteers from the age of 13 onwards and from all communities. Their contribution is celebrated annually through the Community Policing Awards and the Force Open Day , which provides an opportunity for the public to see the wide range of tasks they undertake.
The opportunities for volunteering roles are wide ranging and they welcome applications from individuals with specialised skills as well as those reflected in advertised vacancies.
Thames Valley Police Support Volunteers and Cadets are regularly involved in the training programmes for police officers, Special Constables and PCSOs.


text:
Receiving Nation's First California Compliance Forest Carbon Offsets
Finite Carbon and Downeast Lakes Land Trust Receive Nation's First California Compliance Forest Carbon Offsets
First issuance of compliance forestry offsets for the California emissions trading program allows sales generating over $2 million.
SACRAMENTO, CA and GRAND LAKE STREAM, ME November 13, 2013 — Finite Carbon and the Downeast Lakes Land Trust today announced the nation's first issuance of California Air Resources Board Offset Credits for a forestry project. Nearly 200,000 compliance offsets were issued for the Farm Cove Improved Forest Management Project in eastern Maine. The initial offsets have been contracted to two non-disclosed compliance buyers in the first sales of registered and issued forestry offsets for California's greenhouse gas cap and trade program.
Located on 19,118 forested acres owned and managed by Downeast Lakes Land Trust, the Farm Cove Project was the first Climate Action Reserve Improved Forest Management project developed and registered outside of California. Forest offset projects are one of four offset types allowed under the Air Resources Board greenhouse gas emissions trading program that launched on January 1, 2013. Under the Air Resources Board program, regulated emitters may use approved and verified offset projects to meet up to eight percent of their emissions cap.
The Farm Cove Project was one of only two forest offset projects included in the California Air Resources Board inaugural listing of compliance offset projects in March 2013. As an early action forestry project for the California program, Farm Cove achieved dual verification to ensure project integrity by the Rainforest Alliance and Environmental Services, Inc. In addition, the forest management practices of Downeast Lakes Land Trust have been audited and certified by the Rainforest Alliance as meeting the environmental and social criteria of the Forest Stewardship Council.
"Today is a huge milestone for an important segment of the carbon market," said Finite Carbon President Sean Carney. "The issuance and sale of forest offsets answers two important questions for landowners: 'yes, the compliance carbon market is real, and yes, so is the revenue.' We look forward to bringing another ten projects over the finish line in the next several months and expect a number of additional forest owners to sign up for the program in 2014."
"This has been a long process because we're at the leading edge of what could become an important tool for funding forest conservation," said Mark Berry, Executive Director of the Downeast Lakes Land Trust, "As we seek to expand our community forest ownership with purchase of an important property, the skilled team at Finite Carbon have helped us to leverage our existing community forest by participating in the carbon market."
Downeast Lakes Land Trust will use proceeds from the sale of Farm Cove forest carbon offsets to help finance its capital campaign to expand the Farm Cove Community Forest by purchasing the adjacent 22,000-acre West Grand Lake Forest. The property around the village of Grand Lake Stream, Maine has outstanding habitat and recreation values and is integral to a 1.4 million acre international corridor of conserved forests and wetlands between Maine and New Brunswick, Canada. It is essential to the trust's vision of contributing to the long-term economic and environmental well-being of the Downeast Lakes region. The trust has an option agreement to purchase the property from the current owners, and must complete its fundraising effort by the end of 2015.
Click here for more information about Downeast Lakes Land Trust's work with forest carbon offsets.


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text:
Short Story Month: 2015--E.T.A Hoffman, "The Sandman"
E.T.A. Hoffmann's stories are often self-conscious manipulations of the relationship between the projective unconscious world previously developed in the fairy-tale and the world of conscious everyday reality later developed in realistic fiction. Like Bertha in Tieck's tale, "Fair Eckbert," Nathanael in Hoffman's "The Sandman" is caught between the dual world of fantasy and reality. However, the difference is that whereas Bertha is the projection or objectification of Eckbert, Nathanael seems to exist in the "as if" real world, albeit as a "madman" disengaged from that real world. Hoffman makes this dichotomy between the world of everyday reality and the fantastic world of imagination, dream, and the art work much more explicit than does Tieck or Goethe.
"The Sandman," although still aligned with the marchen conventions of its predecessors, moves us closer to the realistic conventions of its heirs. The opening letters between Nathanael and Klara make the dichotomy clear. Nathanael becomes so convinced of the reality of the sandman (about which his mother has told him as a child to metaphorically signify the coming of sleep) that he does not accept the metaphoric explanation but must attach the sandman to a real person in the world, the old lawyer Coppelius, on whom he blames the death of his father.
Klara's letter to Nathanael expresses the common-sense explanation that all the terrible things Nathanael has described as events in the world have happened in his mind only, that "the outer world had very little part in them." The tension here is clearly between the poetic imagination of Nathanael and the prosaic imagination of Klara. Nathanael seems to transform himself and all those around him into characters of his own hallucinatory fiction in which he proclaims there is no freedom, that all are the playthings of dark and cruel powers against which they are powerless to rebel.
And in fact, Nathanael begins to compose stories in which Coppelius becomes the shadow that lies between him and his happiness with Klara. When he reads one of his stories to her, she cries, "Throw the mad, senseless, insane fairy tale into the fire," and he in turn calls her a "lifeless damned automaton" for not taking his tales as truth. The automaton motif is, of course, embodied later by the figure of Olympia; the irony of the reference to Klara as automaton is that whereas in terms of Nathanael's imaginary world, the real but prosaic Klara is lacking in life, the actual automaton Olympia is imbued with life by the power of his imagination.
Although Nathanael attributes a poetic imagination to Olympia, she is like the lifeless figure of a fiction somehow propelled into the context of the everyday world. The prosaic Siegmund says he finds Olympia uncanny, as if she "were only acting the part of a living being," much as a character in a fiction does. Nathanael notes that although Olympia only utters a few words, "those few words are true hieroglyphs that express the inner world filled with love and higher knowledge of the spiritual life as seen from the viewpoint of the world beyond." Olympia is thus made to represent the paradoxical nature of fictional character itself--not a human being, but acting the part of one and uttering words that may seem lifeless and meaningless to the prosaic world, but which are received by the poetic imagination as true reality.
The implication of a fictional figure living "as if" she were a real person in the world is carried to its absurd extreme by Hoffman in what becomes a self-reflexive parody of such an aesthetic conceit. When Olympia's imposture is discovered in the farcical scene of Professor Spallanzani and Coppelius fighting over the doll, Nathanael is taken to the madhouse, and the people are so disturbed at the pretense that they develop a horrible distrust of human figures and take many steps to assure themselves that their friends and loved ones are real; it is inevitable that a professor of poetry and rhetoric knows the truth of the matter--that the "whole thing is an allegory--an extended metaphor."
And indeed, the whole story is an extended metaphor for the basic nature of the art work itself, for Nathanael takes his inner fantasies to be external reality and projects them on to the external world, just as, in a reverse way, he responds to an artificial construct as if it were real. Nathanael's death is predetermined, for he has entered into the "madness" that underlies the art work--madness manifested as the ultimate metaphoric projection in which the only true life and reality is the life and reality of the imagination. However, the grotesque nature of the events and characters in the story conveys an ironic rather than a romantic acceptance of such an aesthetic notion of reality.
The advance of Hoffman's tale over that of Tieck lies precisely in this ironic tone, a tone that parodies the romantic view, for even as we lament the death of Nathanael, we realize that he has been sacrificed to the irony of the story. This ironic distancing created by the tone of the narrator, which transforms what is basically a romantic fairy tale into a gothic tragedy is a new element in the novella developed and expanded in the works of Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville. By presenting a romantic tale tempered by a distanced point of view, Hoffman makes the tone of the teller more important to the novella than ever before.
Later in the 19th-century development of short fiction, the supernatural is more emphatically rejected and the strangeness of life is seen to be solely a function of psychology. With the 19th-century romantics, the two separate worlds become united in such a way that the sacred is secularized and the profane is elevated to the divine. Moreover, the mechanism for this turning point increasingly becomes the self-conscious subjectivity of the story teller.
Labels: Hoffman Sandman
frances pickard said...
Thanks for this series. I've never thought about the origins of the short story before, and I'm enjoying the examples and your analysis.
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BACK in Belgium: now you can also run the Iron Viking during the Mud Edition in Gent! Due to popular demand it is now possible to participate in the ultimate obstacle run challenge during the Mud Edition. Get ready for 42km and 100+ obstacles and kilometers of mud. If you finish within the 7.5 hrs time limit you will earn the most-wanted medal/beer opener in Belgium, the Iron Viking medal! Do you and your friends dare to take on this legendary challenge?
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People get to use the remote control trucks for their entertainment during their outdoors. The remote truck outdoor activities are not restricted for certain age brackets and thus people with interest in them get to have fun with them. Remote control trucks are defined by the different characteristics that bring out the difference in their functionality. The advancement in technology affects the construction of the remote control trucks and thus trucks with more advanced features keep emerging read more here. The buyer is responsible for investigating the trucks from different sellers to identify the one that possesses their required components.
The high speed of remote control trucks makes them suitable for people requiring having them for fun read more here. The individual whose remote control truck has the highest speed is likely to shine among the competitors. Buying the recent model of a remote control truck may help to assure the buyer of getting the truck with the required speed. Its important for the buyers to take enough time to compare the different qualities of the remote control trucks offered by different manufacturers to identify a manufacturer whom they need to purchase from.
People require buying remote control trucks that can give them a long time of service. The buyer should confirm the body and the wheels of the remote control truck to confirm that it's of the highest quality. The buyer who needs to purchase a remote control truck that can be used around the year should consider looking for the waterproof feature of the truck. The design of the wheel of the remote control trucks can determine the ability of the remote control truck to drive under difficult terrains.
The lighting system of the truck is very important since it determines whether the truck can be useful during the night hours. The remote control truck owner will can thus enjoy at any time they feel convenient for them. Using the remote control trucks with poor lighting at night can be dangerous for the user since they cannot see the right direction of the remote control truck. People can drive safely off the roads with trucks which have well-developed wheels and proper lighting system.
The buyer is more guaranteed of good quality of the remote control trucks if they purchase from manufacturers who have gained public trust. The length in which the remote control truck manufactures can stay within the given market is determined by their ability to manufacture quality trucks thus the ability to attract and sustain customers to the organization. The buyer might end up buying fake quality of the remote control trucks from retailers thinking it's from the preferred manufacturer. Choosing to purchase from the manufacturer will be a good option for the buyer since they will be assured of the purchased brand. The buyers of the remote control trucks should thus consider purchasing the recent model.


Unhappy in your current position, you look around and wonder why you haven't forged ahead on your own.
You have the brain power, the drive and the skills, so what is it that's holding you back? Is it lack of confidence? Is it the fear of the unknown? Is it about the money? You can come up with a million and one excuses about why it's not the right time to start a business.
Before you decide to permanently close the door on the small business idea, why not do a little research first? Why not learn more about what it takes to start a small business and what it takes to stay in business? Who knows—you might already have everything it takes.
Change is scary, heck, just the idea of change can be cause for anxiety. The thing about change though is that it helps us grow. A culture that grows is a culture that thrives, and your small business has the potential of leaving a positive mark on your neighborhood. Change is beginning to sound a little better, isn't it? That's because change is good. Looking to change your life by starting a new business? Before you get too far ahead, ask yourself these 25 questions—they'll help you decide what plan of action to take.
Why do I want to start a small business? – Being a small business owner takes passion. If you don't have your reason for starting a small business firmly in mind you will burn out before you succeed.
How much money does it take (up front) to start a small business? – This really depends on your business model. Make sure that, whatever business you choose, you know as closely as you can what the costs are going to be.
Will I need to take out a small business loan to help pay for expenses? – If you are not going to be profitable for a while and do not have the personal cash reserves to invest in the business, a SBA loan may be your best bet. You can talk to a local SBA to get help with this.
Will I have to pay a lot in taxes when I start my small business? – Depending on where you live you could have a substantial tax burden. Know your local regulations and fees before getting started.
How many people could I affordably staff? – Think of staff as an investment in the business. If you can make more money faster by bringing in the right staff member, then it is a good investment. If you bring in a person that is revenue neutral then it might be a good investment to free up your time. If you bring in a person that will not pay for their salary then you have made a bad investment.
What kind of employee would I want to hire? – Think of what your weaknesses are as a worker. Go find the person that fills those gaps. You may also want to consider contracting those weaknesses out to another company, instead of taking on an employee.
What would my small business specialize in, selling products or offering services? – What are you good at? Can you make items affordably that others want? Or do you have the ability to do work for others that they need? Find your niche that you are good at and you will have the passion you need to find your product or service.
Where would I run my business out of, a store-front or my home? – Working out of your home can be tough, but the rent is AWESOME! If you can do it and make money they go for it, but a store front or office also helps keep you accountable to coming in to do work every day.
How will my business be different from others that sell/offer similar products/services? – If you are competing with someone who was first to market you can still do very well (just as Burger King). You do need something that makes you different and attracts people to try what you have to offer over your competitors.
How do I get in touch with suppliers? – Make sure you build your supply chain so that you always have the products you need. This requires finding the right suppliers.
How soon will I be able to market my products/services? – Think of how long it will take you to get to where you are selling. Whether that is a product or service, you aren't in business until you are selling something.
How many months will it take before the small business starts making a profit? – Profit projections can be hard to make, but you need a real goal for making your business profitable. You do not want to be the person that runs up debt with no real plan for making money.
How big should I make the advertising budget? – Know your market. If your business will require foot traffic and you have a bad location, then advertising is going to be of great importance. If you are in the middle of the busiest area where people are looking for you then advertising may not be a big priority at first.
Should I hire a manager to perform the daily tasks of the small business, or should I be the one to do it? – This is going to depend on you and your cash flow. Can you afford the manager would be my first question. If you do not have the expertise needed to make the business work, then a manager may be a necessity.
How thoroughly should I know my competition? – You competition is not going to be excited about you joining the market. You need to know what makes them successful and how you can differentiate yourself to draw in more customers.
Can I afford not to make a profit during your first year in business? – Most business do not make a profit their first year. You must know that you can survive the early growth phase before you jump in.
How will I respond if my small business does not grow at the speed I want it grow? – Sometimes we make plans on growth and it doesn't happen. What will the plan be if the business grows at a slower rate than expected?
What type of customers do I want my business to attract? – Your target audience will determine if your business is successful. Not only do you need to know who they are, but are there enough of them to make your business work.
What type of small business insurance policy do I need? – Every industry is different. When I started selling insurance I had to purchase errors and omissions insurance. This made sure my family didn't get hit with a big bill, if I ever missed something on someone's application. Whatever business you choose may need insurance to cover liabilities. Do not go around without the proper insurance. One bad situation and you will be out of business.
What is my two-year plan for the business? – Where do you want your business to be in two years? Once you have the goal in mind put together the plan on how to get there.
How long do I want to keep my business open? – Is this going to be a family owned business that gets handed down to your children? Or will this be a part-time gig that helps you make money while you look for work? Figure out what it will take to make this happen and, if you are going to close it down, determine what your exit strategy will be.
How will I respond if my small business goes out of business? – It is imperative that you have a backup plan. Being a business owner can be brutal and even the best laid plans can go awry. Make sure you know what you will do should the worst happen.
If you've done your research, you probably already know that 96 percent of businesses close their doors before they hit their 10-year stretch. You've also most likely learned that managerial styles dictate turnover rate and that customers weigh their opinion heavier than logic. Building and maintaining your small business won't be easy, but it will be rewarding. You'll be part of the neighborhood fabric ushering positive change.


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Mars, 4th Planet from the Sun
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is often described as the "Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a...
Saturn, 6th Planet from the Sun
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest. In Roman mythology, Saturn is the god of agriculture. The associated Greek god, Cronus, was the son of Uranus and Gaia and the father of Zeus (Jupiter). Saturn is the root...
Pluto, 9th (Dwarf) Planet from the Sun
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of icy trans-Neptunian objects. It was the first such object to be discovered. It is the largest and second-most massive known dwarf planet in the S...
Venus, 2nd Planet from the Sun
Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the sixth largest. On June 8 2004, Venus will pass directly between the Earth and the Sun, appearing as a large black dot travelling across the Sun's disk. This event is known as a "transit of Ve...
Wernher Von Braun, Inventor of the Rocket
Wernher von Braun was a German, later American, aerospace engineer, and space architect. He was the leading figure in the development of rocket technology in Germany and the father of rocket technology and space science in the United States...
Buzz Aldrin, 2nd Man on the Moon
Buzz Aldrin was the second human to walk on the moon. On July 20, 1969, he followed Neil Armstrong onto the lunar surface while a third American astronaut, Michael Collins, remained in orbit overhead. Aldrin attended West Point, flew fighte...
Michael Collins, 3rd Astronaut Apollo 11
Michael Collins is a former American astronaut and test pilot. Selected as part of the third group of fourteen astronauts in 1963, he flew in space twice. His first spaceflight was Gemini 10, when he and command pilot John W. Young performe...
Neil Armstrong, 1st Man on the Moon
As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first piloted lunar landing mission, Armstrong gained the distinction of being the first person to step on the surface of the Moon. On July 16, 1969, Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin E. "Buzz"...
Yuri Gagarin, 1st Man in Space
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He was the first human being to journey into outer space, when his Vostok spacecraft completed an orbit of the Earth on April 12, 1961. Gagarin became an international celebrity, a...
Sputnik 1 : First Satellite in Space
Sputnik 1 or Elementary Satellite-1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was a 58 cm (23 in) diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptica...
Nasa, National Aeronautics and Space Act
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the United States government agency that is responsible for the civilian space program as well as for aeronautics and aerospace research. President Dwight D. Eisenhower establis...
Apollo 11 : First Man on the Moon
Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first humans on the Moon, Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC. Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56...
Voyager Golden Record, Launched in 1977
The Voyager Golden Records are two phonograph records that were included aboard both Voyager spacecraft launched in 1977. The records contain sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth, and are intended...
Settlement on Mars, Mars One
Mars One will establish a permanent human settlement on Mars. Crews of four will depart every two years, starting in 2024. Our first unmanned mission will be launched in 2018. Join the Global Mars One Community and participate in our missio...


text:
Brunei's seafood industry poised for big jump
| Danial Norjidi |
A NOTABLE recent development took place last month when a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Pure Fresh International Holdings Limited and Ghanim International Corporation Sdn Bhd.
The MoU was signed for a strategic partnership for overall aquaculture development and the processing of seafood for export to China's massive market.
In addition, the MoU has paved the way for the establishment of a larger-scale processing centre for blue shrimp and other seafood, a hatchery for the breeding of blue shrimp, aquaculture farms and a laboratory for the testing of physical, chemical and microbiological properties.
It was also reported that more than BND400 million will be allocated for the projects which will be implemented in phases over a period of five years.
Pure Fresh International Holdings Limited has already set up its first Southeast Asian processing centre near Muara Port, in collaboration with Ghanim International Corporation.
The processing centre, costing more than BND10 million, has been in operation since April 2018, processing blue shrimps for export to China.
Speaking to the Bulletin, Ghanim International Corporation Chief Executive Officer Dr Nur Rahman explained that the MoU is an alignment of two businesses, creating integrated relations and focus on specific items.
"We know exactly what to do to capitalise on Brunei's clean and safe environment, and its quality blue shrimp and seafood," he said.
He shared that over the next few months they will be mitigating all the issues in hatchery breeding and growth. "Pure Fresh has been working with a number of growers and a number of local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that are already supplying to their processing plant at the Muara Fish Landing Complex area. We can engage more growers and entrepreneurs to come into play, as the demand is huge."
Touching on massive markets and opportunities, he said, "Besides China, Singapore and Malaysia, Australia and Japan are also interested to buy blue shrimps from us. Our challenge is to grow more and sell more. It's an opportunity for local growers and we hope to capitalise on this.
"With the processing plant in Muara, we can supply eight containers a month easily, as long as we have the raw materials."
Meanwhile, Director of Pure Fresh Eyan Ou said, "We are committed to take part in the development of Brunei Vision, to enhance the viable value chain and reliable exports, to safeguard the future of the industry."
He noted that since the beginning of their partnership with Ghanim they have successfully exported blue shrimp and other Halal products, with more in the coming months, as we continue to work together on other projects to meet the huge demands from China and other countries.
He also added, "With the bruneihalalfoods brand, we see that there are massive opportunities for us not only in China, but also in the Muslim world and in Western countries. Despite the challenges, the opportunities are much bigger. We will do our best to work with Ghanim and local SMEs."
Dr Nur Rahman and Eyan Ou also lauded the positive response from the Chinese market.
Eyan Ou highlighted that Brunei's blue shrimps are very popular in the Chinese market. "Customers say it's very tasty, with a unique colour. The blue shrimp crackers are also very popular, and most Chinese people associate Brunei Darussalam with its blue shrimps."
Dr Nur Rahman added, "Brunei's fresh blue shrimp and blue shrimp's crackers have become a unique product for China's market, and given their quality, there is not much competition.
"There are not many people in the world who are commercially producing such quality blue shrimps, and this is a window of opportunity for us."
He also explained that they are not only promoting bruneihalalfoods under Ghanim International Corporation, but are also promoting Brunei Darussalam as a country.
"The demand is so high, that local blue shrimp and seafood farmers would not be able to produce enough for supply. We are willing to take 100 per cent of everything that comes from the farms."
To capture more Chinese markets, he highlighted the need to ensure that the quality, consistency and supply are maintained. "It's a win-win situation, and we are very honoured to be able to invest in Brunei Darussalam."
Dr Nur Rahman added that Brunei is very peaceful, and that all the government agencies are very supportive of foreign direct investments (FDIs).
Eyan Ou said, "We are working together with Ghanim International Corporation to export bruneihalalfoods products to China and also to Muslim countries."
Currently, bruneihalalfoods products are available online via Alibaba, Jindong and Pure Fresh apps, as well as through retail shops and outlets in Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Qingdao.
He went on to add, "We also have five million members under Pure Fresh. If every member buys one box of fresh blue shrimps per month, the demand would be massive.
We will work hard with Ghanim and local blue shrimp farms to increase our production for export."
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text:
Q: Inheriting Constructor. i.e. calling an other function of same class from constructor I am calling function of the same class from constructor. But its giving me the error.
public class Connection
{
    public Connection()
    {
    }

    public Connection(string parameter) : this(GetConnection(parameter))
    {
    }

    private static string GetConnection(string parameter)
    {
        return parameter;
    }
}

But public Connection(string parameter) : this(GetConnection(parameter)) is giving me error.
The error is:

Constructor 'Test.Connection.Connection(string)' cannot call itself.

What is the error behind this. Is this type of calling possible??
Thanks!!!
`

A: You can call another constructor with this syntax (either this class constructor through this keyword, or one of the available base class constructors through base keyword). While you're having a potential StackOverflowException here instead.
You can simply do this:
public class Connection
{
    public Connection()
    {
    }

    public Connection(string parameter)
        : this()
    {
        string connectionString = GetConnection(parameter);
    }
}

Off topic: the following potential StackOverflowException is already not identifiable by compiler (i.e. it's compiled without errors and warnings), but only at runtime:
public class Connection
{
    public Connection()
        : this(GetConnectionString())
    {
    }

    public Connection(string parameter)
        : this()
    {
    }

    public static string GetConnectionString()
    {
        //...
    }
}

Please read Using Constructors (C# Programming Guide) for more info:

A constructor can invoke another constructor in the same object using
  the this keyword. Like base, this can be used with or without
  parameters, and any parameters in the constructor are available as
  parameters to this, or as part of an expression.

Also see Calling base constructor in c#.

A: You are recursively calling contructor with one parameter of type string. You have two constructors one is parmeterless and other with one parameter, The constuctor from which you are calling this(GetConnection(parameter)) is the only constructor with one parameter and compiler will again call the constructor from which you are calling instead of calling parameterless construtor (the other constructor you have).
This will call parameterless constructor from one parameter constructor.
public Connection()
{
}

public Connection(string parameter) : this()
{
}

To call constructor of base class you need to use :base() instead of this()

A: Why not just call it from within the Constructor's scope?
You can have something like this maybe:
public Connection(bool getParam = false)
    {
       if (getParam)
       {
          _param = GetConnection(parameter);
       }
    }


Featuring 3 baskets loaded with gifts from local Hallowell merchants. Tickets on sale at Boynton's Market, Dom's Barber Shop, Cause 4 Paws, Joyce's Restaurant and Hattie's Chowder House. Drawing December 15 at noon at Boynton's Market.
Christmas In Old Hallowell Raffle Winners!


The Green Stars community were saddened to hear of the passing last weekend of yet another club legend, Cyril O'Connor. Cyril's long career with the club began in 1952 as a 16 year old in the back row of St Josephs CYMS RFC under the tutelage of players such as his namesakes Pat and Mike O'Connor and the eagle eye of his brother Rory. Other members of his family were prominent in the affairs of the club, soon to re-adopt the original club name Aberavon Green Stars RFC. Terry was club treasurer for many years and their father Dano always a keen supporter.
Cyril was captain for five successive seasons starting in 1955 and thus played a major role in building the foundations for the unbeaten period 1962-65. He did, in fact, regain the captaincy in September 1965 for what could have been a fourth successive invincible season. He had the honour to be captain for the 100th game without defeat (that puts the recent achievement of the Celtic FC in perspective) against Morriston at Little Warren on September 4, 1965 thus creating a world record in rugby union.
He had the record for the number of games played in the unbeaten period making 94 appearances in which he scored 90 points. Cyril, like his brother Rory, was an outstanding blind side wing forward, as fast as he was hard, and an astute reader of the game - ideal qualities for a captain and pack leader. Cyril also made his mark outside the rugby world and graduated from his first job in Chidzoys, Bethany Square to become a respected official with the National Union of Blastfurnacemen alongside fellow Green Stars Pat Curran and Tim Donovan. All following in the footsteps of Din Harrington.
Cyril O'Connor, the Quiet Man, will be missed by many people and our condolences go out to his family Clare, Andrew, faithful companion as well as son, and, of course, Judy - a character in her own right.