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David Gill Brings Expertise in Conservation Interventions to Duke Marine Lab
Tim Lucas, 919/613-8084, tdlucas@duke.edu
DURHAM, N.C. – David Gill developed an early love for the ocean growing up in Barbados. Seeing firsthand the changes in coral reefs surrounding the eastern Caribbean island only piqued his interest in marine conservation
David Gill, assistant professor of marine conservation, Duke Univ.
"It's a combination of living close to the beach and every Sunday watching Jacques Cousteau documentaries as a kid and being completely fascinated by the ocean and its marine life," he says.
Gill joined the faculty at Duke University's Nicholas School of the Environment in July.
"We are fortunate to welcome such an extraordinary young scholar into our community," says Andy Read, Duke Marine Laboratory director. "David is a perfect fit for us. His quantitative approach to assessing the outcome of marine conservation interventions, such as the establishment of marine protected areas, dovetails with other research programs here at the Marine Lab and will be attractive to students at all levels."
Gill's research looks at how people and the environment interact in marine spaces and how stakeholders can sustainably conserve the ocean for the future.
"A lot of that centers around issues with small-scale fisheries, coral reef conservation, marine protected areas as well as management, monitoring and governance," he says.
By focusing on how those interventions impact marine systems and the communities that depend on them, Gill hopes his research will help produce more effective management options.
Billions of people depend on the ocean for their food and their livelihoods, so studying how different management approaches affect their socioeconomic outcomes is a big part of his research.
"We have to look at the conservation options that are not only good for the environment but also equitable," says Gill, adding that this is especially the case in the developing world. "That way we don't further marginalize those depending on the oceans."
Gill, who conducts the majority of his research using global marine datasets as well as in coastal communities from the eastern Caribbean to Central America, says there is urgency in his work.
"Oceans are underdoing some drastic changes right now," he says, explaining that for example, they could be inhospitable for coral reefs in only a few decades if nothing changes. "Immediate action needs to be taken."
"Fortunately, there's been a lot of efforts at the global and local scale where people have come together to conserve oceans. One of the biggest examples is the establishment of marine protected areas"
Within the last few decades, the amount of protected areas has ballooned, he says. More than 7 percent of the world's ocean – 25 million square kilometers or almost 9.7 million square miles – is under some type of protection.
That's why it is of growing importance to know how well they're working and how we can design them to be more effective.
Gill will teach a class on marine protected areas next spring. The course will focus on how we design them, how we factor in the local context, as well as how we monitor and gauge their success.
Gill received his PhD in 2014 from the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES) at the University of the West Indies in Barbados. He arrives at Duke following postdoctoral fellowships at the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), George Mason University and Conservation International.
He hopes his experience with consulting and NGOs will also be useful for students who are interested in non-academic careers.
Gill, who will spend the fall conducting data analysis as part of his research, says he's excited about the opportunity to work with the Duke Marine Lab's research community.
"There's great research at the Marine Lab that is producing cutting-edge science around the world," he says. "Just seeing the work that folks do there, I thought, 'yeah, this is definitely a good fit,'" he says.
"The view isn't bad either."
David Gill
GRAINGER HALL
9 CIRCUIT DRIVE
webmanager@nicholas.duke.edu
Duke Forest
Duke Marine Lab
Nicholas Institute

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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INTERVIEW: Trung Nguyen on personal narratives in tarot and art
The people in my life deserve to find themselves considered in the fanciful parts of my imagination – in a perfect world, my loved ones are there, and that means there should be gender variance, there should be a lot of people of color, and depictions of queer affection.
Trung Nguyen is a comic book artist, illustrator and tarot creator based in Minnesota.
His Manga-style depiction of The Moon caught my eye on Twitter last week, and as I followed the links, I was excited to discover a fascinating artist in the process of creating his own tarot deck.
He's also working on as a comic-book version of The Little Mermaid, an adorable lo-fi web comic called Literal Unicorn Boyfriend, and loads of other brilliant projects too!
You can find links to all of Trung's work around the web via his website: trungles.com
Trung's work is colourful, cartoonish and draws on all kinds of mythologies, fairy tales and heroic narratives, as does all of his work. Increasingly, his work is encompassing more of his own personal narratives, too.
As we talked over email, Trung explained how these narratives – in particular as a refugee, as a person of colour, as a queer person – have come to inform and influence his art.
Hey Trung! Could you tell us a little about yourself?
I am mostly a comics artist working in Minnesota. I studied art history, painting, and a bit of sociology, so I tend to be all about histories of power and oppression discourses as evident through popular images and mass media and fairy stories (I know, it's a weird combination, but I really think it works together beautifully).
I love cartoons and animated TV shows. Recently, I've been investing in incorporating more of my personal narratives into my comics, so I'm going over old keepsakes of my refugee days before I came over to the United States.
Fairy tales and academic language are both ways to keep shared experiences that may be highly personal and emotional at arm's length, and I want to close that distance in the work I'm doing.
Refugee days? Could you tell us a little more about that?
Sure! I am Vietnamese, ethnically. I was born in a refugee camp near Bataan in the Philippines. My parents were "boat people" floating from the shores of South Vietnam with nearly a hundred other people in a tiny fishing boat for days on open water before landing on the shores of whichever neighboring nation would take them.
This was in the mid-80s. We were sponsored by some Minnesotans in 1992, so we moved to Minnesota when I was about two or three. We eventually became American citizens in 1998.
Trung's deck features people of varied ethnicities and sexualities. I asked him to what extent this had been a conscious decision.
I'd say it's a deliberate choice on its way to being a second-nature part of the way I work, and there's a bit of context to it. I mainly studied the visual vocabulary and tropes of fairy tales throughout most of my academic career. I spent a lot of time looking at Edmund Dulac, Rose O'Neill, Aubrey Beardsley, Harry Clarke, Margaret Evans Price, and Arthur Rackham, to name a few. Consequently, they more or less ended up in my work, and you can sort of tell.
The unfortunate side effect is that almost all my figures were white, and I took up a lot of the Orientalist tropes they employed in their imagery pretty uncritically for a while. At some point, I took a hard look at my work and wondered why none of the figures in my images looked like me, the people in my family, or any of the folks in my life. And it just amazed me, you know? If there was room in my mind enough to empathize with talking animals and flying lizards, why didn't I seem to exist in my own imagination? The notion was almost a little ridiculous, but at some point I actually had to convince myself, in all my Asian Americanness, that I deserve to exist in my own fantasies!
But that's the reality for many people of color – we internalize the idea that we are not considered people worthy of space in our own minds. The people in my life deserve to find themselves considered in the fanciful parts of my imagination – in a perfect world, my loved ones are there, and that means there should be gender variance, there should be a lot of people of color, and depictions of love and attraction should, by its nature, encompass queer affection.
I think that's what it means to be considerate – you hold people in consideration, they exist in your mind and your thoughts as, well, people. And if the people in my imagination start looking a little homogenous, it is imperative that I reassess my definition of people to best accommodate and support the agency of the people in my life.
Trung plans to include several different versions of The Lovers in his deck
I asked Trung more about the tarot project itself – how it all began and the ideas behind the card imagery.
I wasn't too familiar with tarot until I participated in a tarot-themed group exhibition in 2012 at this wonderful gallery called the Light Grey Art Lab in Minneapolis. [View the Light Grey Tarot here.]
It was my very first exhibition since I'd graduated that spring – I illustrated the 10 of Cups. My interest in the cards resurfaced a couple years later, and there's no way to spend so much time with each card and not come to develop a strong relationship with them. I began the project with the intention of exploring the iconography behind the Rider-Waite-Smith cards, re-envisioning them to bolster their narrative clarity, and to hopefully make them more accessible to contemporary readers.
So when I talk about 'personal narratives', for me this is the idea of "showing" and not "telling." Especially with the tarot illustrations, there are lots of symbols that need to be incorporated like a text. There are some superfluous elements of images here and there for embellishment, but I have to make sure each picture can be "read". It's sort of like writing a beautifully succinct academic text and then refining it by removing the extraneous purple prose.
The impetus for the project has changed a little bit from its inception. I originally started the tarot deck last year in black and white, but it lacked the capacity to elegantly convey so much narrative imagery in such small illustrations.
For 2015 I decided to regroup and redraw everything with the intention of playing with colors. The use of color makes them stick a little better in my memory.
So, what are your plans for this project? Will it be a complete deck and will you publish it?
I do plan to complete the whole deck. Seventy-eight or more illustrations is a daunting project, but with a little careful planning and proper preparation, it's a nice way for a new and very part-time artist to learn how to refine a rigorous project.
At this point, I might release the Major Arcana separately before I go on to work on the suits.
What is your favourite tarot deck, and why?
I am not too familiar with very many decks, but I've looked at a few and nothing really beats the Rider-Waite-Smith deck. I love Smith's illustrations. Although I'm not really trying to create something based on esoteric knowledge to which I have no access, the Rider-Waite-Smith deck is an excellent starting point for getting a grasp of tarot.
And how about your favourite tarot cards?
My favorite card at the moment, I think, is Death because it's so often conflated with literal death. Compounded with its number (XIII) and its classic death's head imagery, it tends to drudge up sentiments of doom. It's actually generally favorable, from what I've seen. It indicates closure, which is sometimes met with trepidation and sorrow I suppose, but it makes room for newness and transition. I reinterpreted the personification of Death as the child Thanatos in the arms of Nyx, his mother, playfully catching souls. I think it captures the sentiment of natural transition a little better than a grim reaper.
From my own deck, my personal favorite so far would have to be The Moon – it's my birth card, so it's always been a pet favorite. The story of the goddess in the Moon seemed to be really appropriate for the card, and I took it as an opportunity to break from Western iconographic traditions while retaining the meaning of the card as it's read. The Sun corresponds to it a little, but The Moon also seems to be related to The Hermit, which I also really like.
If you (like me) want to support the creation of this awesome tarot deck, you can make a monthly donation to Trung via Patreon.
You can also find and support Trung Nguyen all over the internet!
Trungles.com – main website
Imprnt – buy beautiful phone cases and art prints!
Tumblr – art blog
INTERVIEW: Leah Horlick on exploring trauma and transformation through tarot poetry
Poet Leah Horlick and I discuss the appearances of specific tarot cards in her book of poems, For Your Own Good.
The magic in-between: Exploring tarot and non-binary identity
Kori is a non-binary trans person, long time activist and community educator. In this interview, they explain how they use tarot in their work as a personal coach.
She is Sitting in the Night, Thea's Tarot, and our queer/feminist lineage
The Facebook event was mysterious—what exactly would "a contemporary queer re-visioning of a beautiful feminist tarot deck from the 80s" be?
Making a tarot deck
Imbolc, sabbats and moon dates for your diary
Write for Little Red Tarot
Leah Reddell says:
Ah! Thank you so much for sharing this artist! I'm blown away by his art and SAD that I can't immediately go purchase this deck! His art this gorgeous blend of Alphonse Mucha and Hayao Miyazaki with a splash of Arthur Rackham. I absolutely love it.
Isn't it beautiful? I've signed up to the Patreon in the hope that it will make the deck come faster… but hey, good things come to those who wait. Love the Mucha comparison too.
That's exactly who I'd blend to create art like this! This is exquisite! I cannot wait for this deck to be published and in my hands.
WallofIllusion says:
These are such gorgeous, gorgeous cards. Even in black and white, they're lovely, but with color–WOW.
I think this is what I'm enjoying most about learning tarot–learning to pick up on and read these symbols. It's like learning a new language and accessing a new mode of thought all in one, and I love it!
Yeah totally. Some decks are so heavy with symbols it's alienating at first…and then so satisfying when you start to understand them. I love the idea that the artist is trying to convey secret messages to me, hidden in their artwork. And best of all, it's totally up to you how to read them…once that deck is in your hands it's really beyond the artists' control (like any good work of literature I think.)
chloetarot says:
Oh my, I love what he says about consideration, and seeing himself and the people he loves in his fantasy life! Gorgeous cards, too 😀 Will definitely watch this space for the completed deck!
Yes – this idea of honouring the people you love (and yourself) by allowing them to be part of your imagined, ideal world seems so obvious, but maybe so hard to do – especially with the internalised racism Trung talks about:
But that's the reality for many people of color – we internalize the idea that we are not considered people worthy of space in our own minds.
I am so so so very in love with this deck and am definitely buying it when it's released– his artwork is so beautiful!
I think one of the reasons I love his work so much is because I studied art history in high school and am now studying sociology and Latin American Studies in college; all of my personal studies are now tending towards histories of power and oppression discourses and fairy tales and the construction of identity and media– so I love his combination of interests/backgrounds, because I love finding that I'm not the only one who thinks that combo works well together!
What a fabulous interview. The deck is absolutely stunning — I'm not familiar with the artists he's referencing, but it's so thoughtful and eye-capturing. "Death" is also a personal favorite of mine right now, and his interpretation of it absolutely blew me away.
Going to follow on social media immediately!
lustreats says:
Very colorful and cool. I'm really into his Hermit, and I like the thoughts behind his Death card. Would definitely buy a deck!
Jessi says:
Thank you, thank you, THANK YOU for sharing this! This deck is beautiful–I'd love to get my hands on it! I'm fairly new to the study of tarot, and one of the first things that struck me when researching decks was their homogeneity. We live in such a diverse, vibrant world! Honestly, it saddens me that people of color don't see themselves represented, and that this lack of representation affects self-conception so drastically (Benebell Wen just wrote an enlightening blog post regarding this). It's so important that we embrace diversity! More diversity in decks, please!
See the Cripple Dance | Trusting the Ace of Pentacles to provide access & luck during tumultuous times
Searching for Hecate – Panakaeia journal
Beltane: fruit and fools
Queering the Tarot: Knight of Wands
Tarot as a Path of Healing | Embodying (part 1)
Queering the Tarot: 8. Strength
Brewcraft: Ways to combine tea rituals with spellwork
Your top ten tarot decks
Q&A: Oracle decks and how to use them
Is magic "magic" or is it psychological?
The Seven of Pentacles is an invitation to integrate
Queering the Tarot | Four of Pentacles


text:
Home	> By Industry	> Health Technologies	> Healthcare Resource Guide
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Industry & Analysis
Healthcare Resource Guide: France
Market Entry
Current Demand
Statistics Snapshot
CS Contact
Capital: Paris
Population: 66.89 million
GDP: USD $2,775 trillion
Currency: Euro (€)
Total market demand in France for medical equipment was estimated at USD 40.3 billion in 2019, with imports accounting for USD 14 billion. Imports from the United States were forecasted at USD 4.7 billion, or 33.5% of total imports. This percentage is expected to remain approximately the same over the next two years, with overall demand growing at 3% annually.
2019 (estimated)
Total Market Size
Total Local Production
Total Exports
Total Imports
Imports From the U.S.
1 EURO =
1.10628 USD
France ranks among the top five largest medical device markets in the world. France spends 3% of total health expenditure on medical equipment and supplies, and 0.3% of its GDP, which is average for a Western European country. The overall market is generally well developed; however, certain sub-sectors in the more innovative forms of technology still present opportunities for entry. While the public sector is the largest purchaser of diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical equipment, the private sector is also a very dynamic player.
The continuing deficit of the national health insurance funds has prompted new measures to control spending on medical devices, similar to those already in force for pharmaceuticals.
To export medical devices to France, U.S. companies should either have a local agent/distributor or set up a subsidiary. Medical devices in the French market, whether imported products or domestically manufactured lines, are subject to the following requirements:
Medical devices are required to obtain the CE mark.
Medical devices are required to have French-language directions for use included.
The medical market is likely to only see moderate growth, as it has risen at a very small, steady rate in past years. The medical manufacturing industry has seen entry of foreign companies; larger manufacturers are now subsidiaries of multinational groups.
Domestic production in several sectors of the French medical device market is meeting part of the demand, and is supplemented by imports, which now account for around 35% of consumption.
U.S. companies can expect to face competition in this market from major global suppliers such as Siemens, Fresenius, Hitachi, Toshiba, Philips, and Smith & Nephew. Additionally, competition can be expected from French players such as Air Liquide, Asklé Santé, Coloplast, Landanger, Mediprema, Moria, Paul Hartmann, Peters Surgical, Proteor, Systam, Thuasne. France is home to many subsidiaries of American companies such as Abbott Vascular, Alcon, BD, Boston Scientific, 3M Santé, Baxter, Edwards Lifesciences, GE Medical, Johnson & Johnson Ethicon, Medtronic, St. Jude Medical and Zimmer.
The diagnostic sub-sector represents 34% of the total medical equipment market. State-of-the-art diagnostic medical imaging systems are in great demand. Applications for this technology already exist for pediatrics, cardio-vascular care, digestion, urology, and spinal/nerve treatment. As it is well-accepted and effective, the demand for this type of technology will continue to grow. Healthcare professionals are very optimistic about a feature of medical imagery equipment known as "image networking." This will dramatically improve diagnostics by providing an image data bank that would enable a specialist to compare the image of a current case to hundreds of previous cases.
This sub-sector represents 25% of the total medical equipment market. It includes all types of disposable medical products. The increasing elderly population reinforces the demand for all kinds of disposable equipment and supplies such as incontinence products and care kits used by nurses and families for home-care.
The surgical instrument and supplies sub-sectors represent approximately 18% of the total sector. Recent developments in the field of non-invasive surgery could have a strong impact on everyday hospital practices. These latest advances offer superior results and also present a significantly reduced risk to patients.
Technical aids
The French market for medical prosthetics, which accounts for about 7% of the total medical equipment market, is characterized by a strong potential for innovative internal prosthetics such as knees, hips, ligaments, and elbows, as well as by a slightly decreasing market for external prosthetics. Technological evolution, especially in the field of anesthesia, offers the potential for rapid changes in this market.
Intensive care equipment sector of medical technology, which includes respiratory monitors, pumps and incubators, represents about 9% of the total medical equipment market. Intensive care equipment follows the latest technological advances. Both public and private hospitals show an increasing demand for intensive care equipment and supplies.
The hygiene sub-sector represents approximately 5% of the total medical equipment sector. Patient and medical personnel safety is of growing concern to both members of the medical profession and the public. Best sales prospects will certainly focus around assuring stringent personnel safety requirements. This is especially due to the concern regarding AIDS and other contagious diseases. In the future, prevention should receive similar emphasis considering the present focus on protection.
All medical devices sold in France must carry the CE Mark. Registering with the French Ministry of Health is addressed on a case-by-case basis. It is in the best interest of any U.S. exporter, and in most cases, this task is handled by the importer/distributor. Indeed, having previous experience with the successful registration of products with the French Ministry of Health will be a critical factor to success in order to facilitate access to end users in France.
The Ministry of Health publishes an annual list of reimbursed products called the Liste des Produits et Prestations (LPP). This list includes items such as implantable medical devices, bandages, wheelchairs, etc.
In recent years, the French Ministry of Health created the Tarification à l'Activité (T2A) system for hospitals. This is a DRG system through which healthcare providers are reimbursed according to the service they provide to GHM – Groupes Homogènes de Malades (homogeneous group of patients) and GHS – Groupes Homogènes de Séjour (homogeneous group of stay).
Yet it is important to note that this system is currently being reformed.
In France, payment delay for public healthcare institutions has been set by law to a maximum of 50 days.
There are no significant barriers on healthcare products in France.
Hospital Procurement Executives have created a professional network: RESAH – Réseau des Acheteurs Hospitaliers – www.resah.fr
Tenders for the hospital sector can be found on several web sites, four of which are:
www.achat-hopital.com
www.e-marchespublics.com/appel_d_offre_marches_publics_hopitaux.html
https://www.boamp.fr/Espace-entreprises/Comment-repondre-a-un-marche-public/Glossaire/Journal-Officiel-de-l-Union-Europeenne-JOUE/(filtre)/J
http://www.journal-officiel.gouv.fr/
Paris Healthcare Week – May 26-28, 2020 http://www.parishealthcareweek.com
Is the CE mark enough to export a medical device to France?
No. In order to export a medical device to France, the device, bearing a CE mark, needs to be registered with the French Safety Agency for Health Products : ANSM – Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé -- https://ansm.sante.fr/ -- e-mail : dajr@ansm.sante.fr. It is a registration not an approval. It is very important that the device is registered otherwise it may not enter the country. The registration can be done either by the manufacturer or the distributor. In any case the device registration is in the name of the manufacturer even if the administrative paperwork is submitted by the distributor.
What is the custom import health clearance?
All medical devices entering the French market will be checked at customs, which will issue an import health and safety clearance. To obtain the clearance the following documents are required: Declaration of Conformity, CE certificate, Registration Number from the ANSM, Product labeling (as required in the EU directive): CE marking, authorized representative, Serial number/lot number, Lot numbers: all lot numbers need to be reported, preferably on the invoice but if this is not possible on the bill of entry.
What are the major sales channels in France?
There are two principal sales channels for medical devices served by diverse group of distributors, one for the hospitals/clinics and one for the pharmacies/orthopedic shops. Regarding the expanding online sales channel, French customers are still cautious, despite the increasing use of internet.
Best Prospects
Heath IT and telemedicine
Minimally invasive surgical equipment
Home care technologies
Healthcare spending (including investment)
$236,9 billion (2018)
...as percent of GDP
10 % (2018)
...of which spent on inpatient services (including long-term care)
...of which spent on pharmaceuticals/consumables
25.7% (2017)
...of which spent on investments
...of which spent on outpatient services
2.4 % (2018)
Hospitals, Procedures, Healthcare Professionals UN:
Number of hospitals -
Number of hospital beds
available beds per capita (1,000)
...6.1
of which in general hospitals (2017)
...253,367
of which in specialized clinics and rehabilitation centers (2017)
Number of surgical procedures
... cataract surgery performed
825,000 people in the population (2018)
...herniated disk surgery performed
30,000 people in the population (2015)
3.4/1,000 people (2018)
...of which surgeons are
59.62/100,000 in 2017
of which internists
...2,616 (2018)
of which pediatricians
Dentists 41,825 (July 2019)
Life expectancy men/women
Female: 85.4 years
Total: 3.7/1,000
Percent of population older than 65
(- 19.62%)
...projection, 2030
Annual deaths
9.2/1,000
caused by cancer (rounded number)
...157,400 (2018)
caused by circulatory diseases (rounded number)
Prevalence of nervous system and sense organ diseases
1/3 of the population, caused 36,000 deaths in 2015 which was double from 1998
U.S. Commercial Service Contact Information
Name: Alain Levy
Position: Commercial Specialist
Email: alain.levy@trade.gov
Phone: +33 (0) 1 43 12 70 14
Print | Last Updated: 10/2/19 11:49 AM
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Finalists for the prestigious UK New Zealander of the Year Award 2012 have been announced in London.
They are Kent Gardener, Bronwen Horton and Paul Kendrick, who all helped raise funds for the Canterbury earthquake appeal.
Gardener made a big contribution in the Step Up for Christchurch effort; Horton contributed to Canterbury earthquake fundraising and also founded the New Zealand Business Women's Network in the UK in 2009; while Kendrick also contributed towards the Canterbury Earthquake fundraising.
All three were recognised for the involvement and contribution that they made to enhancing New Zealand's profile in the UK over the last year.
The award, established by the New Zealand Society in 1999, will be presented to the winner at the society's annual Waitangi Day Charity Dinner at Plaisterers' Hall in London on February 10.
The tragic consequences of the Canterbury earthquake and the continuing aftershocks resulted in an unprecedented response from the New Zealand community in the UK, society president John Greager said today.
Previous winners have included: Terry Smith, chairman of Sir Keith Park's memorial campaign and chief executive of Fundsmith; Anna Hansen, chef and founder of The Modern Pantry restaurant in London; Esther Jessop, founder of Ngati Ranana, the London Maori cultural group; New Zealand war memorial architect, Jon Rennie; Susan and Tom Glynn, New Zealand restaurateurs in London; equestrian champion Mark Todd; golfer Michael Campbell; former secretary general of the Commonwealth Don McKinnon; and chef Peter Gordon.
As part of the NZ Society's official annual celebrations, a Waitangi Day evening service will be held at St Lawrence Jewry in London February 9.
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text:
Q: Is javadoc html or xhtml? I was typing some Javadoc into IntelliJ this morning and used a
 tag, which IntelliJ autocompleted to
|
 in its usual helpful way... but I'm under the impression that
 is defined not to be a container:
http://www.washington.edu/accessit/webdesign/student/unit2/common_tags.htm says:

A few tags are called non-container tags, because they don't contain
  any content - they stand alone. Examples are images and line breaks.
  XHTML requires that all open tags must be closed, even if they're not
  container tags. Therefore, non-container tags end in />. For example,
  the tag for a line break is
.

So is Javadoc HTML or XHTML? It seems to me IntelliJ should be completing
 to
 or leaving it alone.

A: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/documentation/index-137868.html

Format of a Doc Comment A doc comment is written in HTML and must
  precede a class, field, constructor or method declaration. It is made
  up of two parts -- a description followed by block tags. In this
  example, the block tags are @param, @return, and @see.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


HostDime services colocation clients who seek high density cloud infrastructure physically located in New Delhi, India.
HostDime's Tier 3 data center in India is located in New Delhi and an office in Thiruvananthapuram. A Tier 3 data center is an international standard wherein multiple active power and cooling distribution paths are set up, with certain number of paths being active and one path being redundant (N+1 redundancy). This allows us to provide 99.9% availability.
The 10,000 square-foot data center in New Delhi contains over 4000 square feet of server space. The primary objective in designing the India facility was to ensure both electrical and mechanical systems were efficiently maintained to support scalability and sustain principal performance. The highly-secure data center facility is manned by security guards and monitored by 72 high-definition cameras in and outside the facility. There is a 3 point check-in system before admittance into the data center floor including facial and biometric recognition.
Our unique power configuration will be able to service colocation clients who seek high density cloud infrastructure physically located in India.
HostDime India's network has two diverse and redundant connections from Airtel and Tata. Both providers have diverse entrances into the facility with multiple Gigabit fibers. Local clients will benefit from reduced latency due to the close proximity of their server. We recently invested heavily into upgrading infrastructure in India to boost performance and reliability.
HostDime also offers India Dedicated Servers and India VPS.


General Motors Europe lost $2 billion (1.5 billion euros) in its first three months of 2009 after its revenues almost halved, the company said today.
GM Europe's revenues fell to $5.3 billion from $9.9 billion as the company's unit sales dropped 29 percent to 405,133 vehicles.
Opel/Vauxhall, the company's biggest brands, saw sales fall 29 percent to 297,000. Chevrolet sales were down 26 percent to 97,300.
Saab sales were down 52 percent to 9,500 units.
As a result the company swung to a $2 billion loss in the first quarter of 2009 from a $100 million profit during the same period in 2008.
At an operating level, the company suffered a $1.2 billion loss compared with a $200 million profit in 2008.
These figures did not include one-time charges like the $734 million write off of GM's investment in Saab, which GM is trying to sell.
GM Europe's market share also fell during the first three months of 2009, to 8.9 percent from 9.6 percent in the year before.
"However, due to sales declines in other countries, GM Europe experienced a 46 percent decline in production volume versus the year-ago quarter, which largely impacted regional earnings," the company said in a statement.


text:
Q: Scipy or bayesian optimize function with constraints, bounds and dataframe in python With the dataframe underneath I want to optimize the total return, while certain bounds are satisfied.
d = {'Win':[0,0,1, 0, 0, 1, 0],'Men':[0,1,0, 1, 1, 0, 0], 'Women':[1,0,1, 0, 0, 1,1],'Matches' :[0,5,4, 7, 4, 10,13],
     'Odds':[1.58,3.8,1.95, 1.95, 1.62, 1.8, 2.1], 'investment':[0,0,6, 10, 5, 25,0],}

data = pd.DataFrame(d)

I want to maximize the following equation:
totalreturn = np.sum(data['Odds'] * data['investment'] * (data['Win'] == 1))

The function should be maximized satisfying the following bounds:
for i in range(len(data)):

    investment = data['investment'][i]

    C = alpha0 + alpha1*data['Men'] + alpha2 * data['Women'] + alpha3 * data['Matches']

    if (lb < investment ) & (investment < ub) & (investment > C) == False:
        data['investment'][i] = 0

Hereby lb and ub are constant for every row in the dataframe. Threshold C however, is different for every row. Thus there are 6 parameters to be optimized: lb, ub, alph0, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3.
Can anyone tell me how to do this in python? My proceedings so far have been with scipy (Approach1) and Bayesian (Approach2) optimization and only lb and ub are tried to be optimized.
Approach1:
import pandas as pd
from scipy.optimize import minimize

def objective(val, data):

    # Approach 1
    # Lowerbound and upperbound
    lb, ub = val

    # investments
    # These matches/bets are selected to put wager on
    tf1 = (data['investment'] > lb) & (data['investment'] < ub)
    data.loc[~tf1, 'investment'] = 0

    # Total investment
    totalinvestment = sum(data['investment'])

    # Good placed bets
    data['reward'] = data['Odds'] * data['investment'] * (data['Win'] == 1)
    totalreward = sum(data['reward'])

    # Return and cumalative return
    data['return'] = data['reward'] - data['investment']
    totalreturn = sum(data['return'])
    data['Cum return'] = data['return'].cumsum()

    # Return on investment
    print('\n',)
    print('lb, ub:', lb, ub)
    print('TotalReturn: ',totalreturn)
    print('TotalInvestment: ', totalinvestment)
    print('TotalReward: ', totalreward)
    print('# of bets', (data['investment'] != 0).sum())

    return totalreturn

# Bounds and contraints
b = (0,100)
bnds = (b,b,)
x0 = [0,100]

sol = minimize(objective, x0, args = (data,), method = 'Nelder-Mead', bounds = bnds)

and approach2:
import pandas as pd
import time
import pickle
from hyperopt import fmin, tpe, Trials
from hyperopt import STATUS_OK
from hyperopt import  hp

def objective(args):
    # Approach2

    # Lowerbound and upperbound
    lb, ub = args

    # investments
    # These matches/bets are selected to put wager on
    tf1 = (data['investment'] > lb) & (data['investment'] < ub)
    data.loc[~tf1, 'investment'] = 0

    # Total investment
    totalinvestment = sum(data['investment'])

    # Good placed bets
    data['reward'] = data['Odds'] * data['investment'] * (data['Win'] == 1)
    totalreward = sum(data['reward'])

    # Return and cumalative return
    data['return'] = data['reward'] - data['investment']
    totalreturn = sum(data['return'])
    data['Cum return'] = data['return'].cumsum()

    # store results
    d = {'loss': - totalreturn, 'status': STATUS_OK, 'eval time': time.time(),
    'other stuff': {'type': None, 'value': [0, 1, 2]},
    'attachments': {'time_module': pickle.dumps(time.time)}}

    return d

trials = Trials()

parameter_space  = [hp.uniform('lb', 0, 100), hp.uniform('ub', 0, 100)]

best = fmin(objective,
    space= parameter_space,
    algo=tpe.suggest,
    max_evals=500,
    trials = trials)

print('\n', trials.best_trial)

Anyone knows how I should proceed? Scipy doesn't generate the desired result. Hyperopt optimization does result in the desired result. In either approach I don't know how to incorporate a boundary that is row depended (C(i)).
Anything would help!
(Any relative articles, exercises or helpful explanations about the sort of optimization are also more than welcome)

A: I assume here that you cannot go through the whole dataset, or it is incomplete, or you want to extrapolate, so that you cannot calculate all combinations.
In case where you have no prior, and if you are uncertain about the smoothness, or that evaluations could be costly, I would use bayesian optimization. You can control the exploration/exploitation and prevent to get stuck in a minimum.
I would use scikit-optimize which implements bayesian optimization better IMO. They have better initialization techniques like Sobol' method which is implemented correctly here. This ensure that you're search space will be properly sampled.
from skopt import gp_minimize

res = gp_minimize(objective, bnds, initial_point_generator='sobol')

A: I think your formulation needs one more variable, which would be binary and would define if investment should be saved as 0 or should it have its initial value. Assuming that this variable would be saved in another column called 'new_binary', your objective function could be changed as following:
totalreturn = np.sum(data['Odds'] * data['investment'] * data['new_binary'] * data['Win'])

then, the only thing missing is introducing the variable itself.
for i in range(len(data)):
    investment = data['investment'][i]
    C = alpha0 + alpha1*data['Men'] + alpha2 * data['Women'] + alpha3 * data['Matches']
    data['new_binary'] = (lb < data['investment'] ) & ( data['investment'] < ub) & (data['investment'] > C)
    # This should be enough to make the values in the columns binary, while in python it is easily replaced with 0 and 1.

The only problem that I see now is that this problem becomes integer, so I am not sure if scipy.optimize.minimize would do. I am not sure what could be an alternative, but according to this, PuLP and Pyomo could work.


text:
Winter 2013: Corporate 5v5 League Champs: Industrial Economics
IEc avenges loss to win East Title
Beacontown Beavers 44 Industrial Economics 50
We are in game number 3 of The Clutter Games, tonight we crown a Corporate League East champion. Industrial Economics is here for the third season in a row, tonight they take on the Beacontown Beavers. Keohan is the man in these early stages, he\'s got 10 of his teams 17 points. It\'s been back and forth through the first 8 minutes of the half, right now IEc has an 18-17 lead with just under a NBA. quarter left in the half. I have to say that Wiles Kase plays with a lot more control than the days I used to see him at WSNS. He plays defense with his feet now and his offensive game seems polished with a mid-ramge jumpshot to boot. IEc calls time-out, it\'s their first of the half and they are up 23-21. With 8 minutes remaining in the half, one of these teams is going to have to take control of this game and have the momentum swing in their favor. Derr hits the three off the Smith pass, IEc has a 27-21 lead with just under 3 minutes to go in the half. Great defense played by Wolven, his fast hands and great hustle gives his team the ball. You can\'t coach that! We\'re at the half, and IEc has taken control of this half with a late surge they lead 31-22 over the Beavers. Derr leads all scores with 13, but Keohan is on his heels with 12. The difference between the two top scorers is their supporting cast, IEc\'s players have helped put their star in every aspect of the game while the Beavers lineup is struggling. It could be a long second half for the Beavers if they can\'t get it together on offense.
Nothing seems to want to fall for Keohan this half, his first 3 shot attempts this half go by the wayside, hopefully he doesn\'t turn onto the icebox because he\'s the only offense the Beavers can seem to muster up. Silton hits the mid-range jumpshot near the free throw line, he gives IEc a 35-24 lead with 17 minutes to go in the game. They are in the aforementioned drivers seat, let\'s see if they can remain control for the rest of the game. Wolven has been having a tough series of trips up and down the floor, he\'s hit the deck on 5 separate occasions in the past 2 minutes. Someone get that man an icepack or some elbow pads! This game is getting real physical with 12 minutes left in it. Both teams want to represent the East Division. Silton hits the three and its a 9-2 game this half. Both teams haven\'t been filling it up, but the tenacity on defense is a sight to watch. Wolven knocks down the three, he\'s cut the IEc lead ti 11. Time is running out on the game and the Beavers season, the sense of urgency is definitely at an all-time high. IEc is in the lead but the Beavers refuse to go down without a fight. After a Wolven three, IEc calls time-out as they have seen their lead get cut to 8. With a little under 6 minutes remaining in the game, the Beavers need to be in go for broke mode if they want to walk away with the victory. It\'s a 9 point game with 2 minutes left in the game, this could be the end of the Beavers season in these next two minutes. This one is in the books, IEc wins the East Divisional Championship with a 50-44 win over the Beavers. It was a hard fought game, especially in the second half, but IEc was able to fight through it and pick up the win. Congratulations to Industrial Economics!
Player of the Game: Jeff Derr 13 pts, 16 rebs, 5 asts, 2 stls
Hello Corp 5v5 fans! Francis Plaise filling in with some live write-ups here at the Cambridge YMCA! We are in game number 3 of The Clutter Games, tonight we crown a Corporate League East champion. Industrial Economics is here for the third season in a row, tonight they take on the Beacontown Beavers. Keohan is the man in these early stages, he\'s got 10 of his teams 17 points. It\'s been back and forth through the first 8 minutes of the half, right now IEc has an 18-17 lead with just under a NBA. quarter left in the half. I have to say that Wiles Kase plays with a lot more control than the days I used to see him at WSNS. He plays defense with his feet now and his offensive game seems polished with a mid-ramge jumpshot to boot. IEc calls time-out, it\'s their first of the half and they are up 23-21. With 8 minutes remaining in the half, one of these teams is going to have to take control of this game and have the momentum swing in their favor. Derr hits the three off the Smith pass, IEc has a 27-21 lead with just under 3 minutes to go in the half. Great defense played by Wolven, his fast hands and great hustle gives his team the ball. You can\'t coach that! We\'re at the half, and IEc has taken control of this half with a late surge they lead 31-22 over the Beavers. Derr leads all scores with 13, but Keohan is on his heels with 12. The difference between the two top scorers is their supporting cast, IEc\'s players have helped put their star in every aspect of the game while the Beavers lineup is struggling. It could be a long second half for the Beavers if they can\'t get it together on offense.
Click For Previous Weeks: 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Corporate 5v5 East W13 Basketball League
Commentary by ROACH and Counts...
We are in game number 3 of The Clutter Games, tonight we crown a Corporate League East champion. Industrial Economics is here for the third season in a row, tonight they take on the Beacontown Beavers. Keohan is the man in these early stages, he's got 10 of his teams 17 points. It's been back and forth through the first 8 minutes of the half, right now IEc has an 18-17 lead with just under a NBA. quarter left in the half. I have to say that Wiles Kase plays with a lot more control than the days I used to see him at WSNS. He plays defense with his feet now and his offensive game seems polished with a mid-ramge jumpshot to boot. IEc calls time-out, it's their first of the half and they are up 23-21. With 8 minutes remaining in the half, one of these teams is going to have to take control of this game and have the momentum swing in their favor. Derr hits the three off the Smith pass, IEc has a 27-21 lead with just under 3 minutes to go in the half. Great defense played by Wolven, his fast hands and great hustle gives his team the ball. You can't coach that! We're at the half, and IEc has taken control of this half with a late surge they lead 31-22 over the Beavers. Derr leads all scores with 13, but Keohan is on his heels with 12. The difference between the two top scorers is their supporting cast, IEc's players have helped put their star in every aspect of the game while the Beavers lineup is struggling. It could be a long second half for the Beavers if they can't get it together on offense.
Nothing seems to want to fall for Keohan this half, his first 3 shot attempts this half go by the wayside, hopefully he doesn't turn onto the icebox because he's the only offense the Beavers can seem to muster up. Silton hits the mid-range jumpshot near the free throw line, he gives IEc a 35-24 lead with 17 minutes to go in the game. They are in the aforementioned drivers seat, let's see if they can remain control for the rest of the game. Wolven has been having a tough series of trips up and down the floor, he's hit the deck on 5 separate occasions in the past 2 minutes. Someone get that man an icepack or some elbow pads! This game is getting real physical with 12 minutes left in it. Both teams want to represent the East Division. Silton hits the three and its a 9-2 game this half. Both teams haven't been filling it up, but the tenacity on defense is a sight to watch. Wolven knocks down the three, he's cut the IEc lead ti 11. Time is running out on the game and the Beavers season, the sense of urgency is definitely at an all-time high. IEc is in the lead but the Beavers refuse to go down without a fight. After a Wolven three, IEc calls time-out as they have seen their lead get cut to 8. With a little under 6 minutes remaining in the game, the Beavers need to be in go for broke mode if they want to walk away with the victory. It's a 9 point game with 2 minutes left in the game, this could be the end of the Beavers season in these next two minutes. This one is in the books, IEc wins the East Divisional Championship with a 50-44 win over the Beavers. It was a hard fought game, especially in the second half, but IEc was able to fight through it and pick up the win. Congratulations to Industrial Economics!
Hello Corp 5v5 fans! Francis Plaise filling in with some live write-ups here at the Cambridge YMCA! We are in game number 3 of The Clutter Games, tonight we crown a Corporate League East champion. Industrial Economics is here for the third season in a row, tonight they take on the Beacontown Beavers. Keohan is the man in these early stages, he's got 10 of his teams 17 points. It's been back and forth through the first 8 minutes of the half, right now IEc has an 18-17 lead with just under a NBA. quarter left in the half. I have to say that Wiles Kase plays with a lot more control than the days I used to see him at WSNS. He plays defense with his feet now and his offensive game seems polished with a mid-ramge jumpshot to boot. IEc calls time-out, it's their first of the half and they are up 23-21. With 8 minutes remaining in the half, one of these teams is going to have to take control of this game and have the momentum swing in their favor. Derr hits the three off the Smith pass, IEc has a 27-21 lead with just under 3 minutes to go in the half. Great defense played by Wolven, his fast hands and great hustle gives his team the ball. You can't coach that! We're at the half, and IEc has taken control of this half with a late surge they lead 31-22 over the Beavers. Derr leads all scores with 13, but Keohan is on his heels with 12. The difference between the two top scorers is their supporting cast, IEc's players have helped put their star in every aspect of the game while the Beavers lineup is struggling. It could be a long second half for the Beavers if they can't get it together on offense.
Beacontown Beavers
Jamison Cush 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 NA 0 0 NA
Jiten Patel 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 0 0 NA
Matt Keohan 18 3 0 1 1 1 0 2 2 100% 7 4 57%
Matthew Romeling 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 0 0 NA
Michael Karrat 2 2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 NA 2 0 0%
Mike Royce 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 0 0 NA
Stefan Cosmas 8 7 2 1 1 3 0 2 0 0% 1 0 0%
William Wolven 16 0 0 3 3 0 0 5 4 80% 7 2 29%
Ben Silton 17 4 0 2 1 0 0 2 2 100% 5 3 60%
Chris Smith 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 NA 0 0 NA
Eric Reker 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA 0 0 NA
Jeff Derr 13 12 4 5 2 1 0 2 2 100% 3 1 33%
Mikael Gentile 9 2 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 NA 2 1 50%
Neal Etre 0 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 NA 0 0 NA
Wiles Kase 11 6 0 2 1 0 0 4 3 75% 0 0 NA
Standings Corporate 5v5 East W13 Thru Week 12
1 Beacontown Beavers 8-1 0.889 W8 0 54.92 44.50
2 Industrial Economics 7-2 0.778 L1 1 46.92 36.17
3 Autotegrity 6-3 0.667 W5 2 47.09 41.64
4 EV Ballas 5-4 0.556 W1 3 43.82 42.36
5 Akamai 4-5 0.444 L1 4 40.40 42.20
6 Buy My Startup 4-5 0.444 L4 4 46.80 47.30
7 Brattle And One 2-7 0.222 W1 6 34.30 46.60
8 Boston Beer Company 0-9 0.000 L9 8 34.20 52.60
1 Bill Johnson
Autotegrity 22.29
2 Ray Kluender
Buy My Startup 19.11
3 Jeff Derr
4 William Wolven
Beacontown Beavers 17.00
5 Taylor Hall
EV Ballas 16.38
6 Matt Keohan
7 Stefan Cosmas
Autotegrity 64.00 7
EV Ballas 52.00 8
Beacontown Beavers 44.70 10
Buy My Startup 44.22 9
Beacontown Beavers 43.83 9
Industrial Economics 43.41 11
8 Eric Gormley
Boston Beer Company 35.36 7
9 Sean McCullen
10 Ben Silton
Boston Beer Company 11.00
Industrial Economics 9.91
Beacontown Beavers 9.25
7 Michael Hagerty
Brattle And One 9.00
Autotegrity 3.29 51%
Beacontown Beavers 3.08 46%
Buy My Startup 2.57 41%
6 Ben Silton
7 Kevin Bednarzyk
Boston Beer Company 1.57 32%
2 Eliav Kahan
Autotegrity 3.70
4 Zac Putnam
Akamai 3.00
Buy My Startup 2.86
7 Michael Karrat
7 Mikael Gentile


Babbitt is distressed about his life. Myra becomes seriously ill and is rushed to the hospital. Babbitt is shocked to his senses, apologizing to Myra and promising for real to change. As she is recovering in the hospital, they begin to evaluate their marriage and plan for a happy and unified future. Their old friends begin to visit. At some point well into Myra's recovery, Virgil Gunch repeats his offer to let Babbitt join the Good Citizen's League. Babbitt agrees and denounces Seneca Doane and his old liberal lifestyle.
The chapter represents Babbitt's re-entry into the folds of his former life. He has repented of his rebellious phase and is eager to resume life as before.


text:
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Willing to avail a personal loan but don't know which lender offers the best deal? If yes, all you need to do is just read this article. Today, in this article, we are going to talk about Bajaj Finserv personal loan, one of the leading names in the industry best known for offering a great deal.
Personal Loan Interest Rates: One of the most important factors that play a crucial role in your overall loan journey is none other than the interest rates. Currently, this lender is offering the credit to the applicants at a rate that ranges between 10.99%-16% per annum. If we go deep about the rates, it would not be wrong to say that with the lowest interest rate, you can have the privilege to enjoy the pocket-friendly EMIs and Interest Outgo. The lowest personal loan interest rates you have, the better it is for you in the long run as it reduces your overall loan burden.
Personal Loan Eligibility Norms: Before finalizing the deal, make sure you have gone through the eligibility first. Though different lenders have different conditions for the eligibility but ensure you are aware of the same.
There are various factors on which most of the lenders rate you. Yes, if we talk about those factors, they are age, income, credit score, job stability, work experience, relationship with a lender, etc. Once an applicant meets the points above, it would be a hassle-free journey for him/her.
Equated Monthly Installments: If you are interested in availing an online personal loan, make sure you have calculated your EMIs. Yes, ensure that your monthly installments should be pocket-friendly so that you can easily repay your loan in the future. You can use a personal loan EMI calculator online for the same that lets you know the exact and accurate calculations of your monthly installments. With the help of using this device, you can take a calculative decision in the future, which will further make you enjoy a hassle-free journey.
Documentation: In order to apply for Bajaj finserv personal loan, make sure that you have successfully submitted the required documents. Yes, documentation is something which plays a pivotal role in any loan journey. Without the complete list of documents, you might need to face the loan rejection.
Read Also: What Is The Best Way To Get Loans?
Documentation is something that can either make or break the deal for you as lenders keenly observe the same and on finding any loophole can reject your application. Thus, it's important that your documents are complete and verified so that you can have a smooth loan journey.
Hope, reading this article was helpful for you!
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text:
Rena Conti
Associate Professor of Markets, Public Policy, and Law, Questrom School of Business, Boston University
Associate Research Director of Biopharma and Public Policy, Institute for Health System Innovation and Policy, Questrom School of Business, Boston University
Dissertation Title: "Economic Value of New Treatments for Depression"... Read more about Rena Conti
Abigail Friedman
Associate Professor of Public Health (Health Policy), Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health
Dissertation Title: "Essays in Health Economics: Understanding Risky Health Behaviors"... Read more about Abigail Friedman
Norman Grantham Miller
Professor of Medicine, Stanford University
Senior Fellow, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University
Senior Fellow, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University
Dissertation Title:"Empirical Essays on Major Forces in Health, Population, and Development"... Read more about Norman Grantham Miller
Meredith Rosenthal*
C. Boyden Gray Professor of Health Economics and Policy
Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
*Harvard PhD Program in Health Policy Alumna & Faculty Member
Dissertation Title: "Risk Sharing in Managed Care"... Read more about Meredith Rosenthal*
Elizabeth Richardson Vigdor
Associate Teaching Professor and Undergraduate Program Director, Evans School of Public Affairs, University of Washington
Dissertation Title: "Measuring Health and Assessing the Impact of Health System Change"... Read more about Elizabeth Richardson Vigdor
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text:
package org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.action;

import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSDictionary;
import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSName;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.COSObjectable;

/**
 * This class represents a document catalog's dictionary of actions
 * that occur due to events.
 *
 * @author Ben Litchfield
 * @author Panagiotis Toumasis
 */
public class PDDocumentCatalogAdditionalActions implements COSObjectable
{
    private final COSDictionary actions;

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     */
    public PDDocumentCatalogAdditionalActions()
    {
        actions = new COSDictionary();
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param a The action dictionary.
     */
    public PDDocumentCatalogAdditionalActions( COSDictionary a )
    {
        actions = a;
    }

    /**
     * Convert this standard java object to a COS object.
     *
     * @return The cos object that matches this Java object.
     */
    @Override
    public COSDictionary getCOSObject()
    {
        return actions;
    }

    /**
     * This will get a JavaScript action to be performed
     * before closing a document.
     * The name WC stands for "will close".
     *
     * @return The WC entry of document catalog's additional actions dictionary.
     */
    public PDAction getWC()
    {
        COSDictionary wc = actions.getCOSDictionary(COSName.WC);
        return wc != null ? PDActionFactory.createAction(wc) : null;
    }

    /**
     * This will set a JavaScript action to be performed
     * before closing a document.
     * The name WC stands for "will close".
     *
     * @param wc The action to be performed.
     */
    public void setWC( PDAction wc )
    {
        actions.setItem(COSName.WC, wc);
    }

    /**
     * This will get a JavaScript action to be performed
     * before saving a document.
     * The name WS stands for "will save".
     *
     * @return The WS entry of document catalog's additional actions dictionary.
     */
    public PDAction getWS()
    {
        COSDictionary ws = actions.getCOSDictionary(COSName.WS);
        return ws != null ? PDActionFactory.createAction(ws) : null;
    }

    /**
     * This will set a JavaScript action to be performed
     * before saving a document.
     * The name WS stands for "will save".
     *
     * @param ws The action to be performed.
     */
    public void setWS( PDAction ws )
    {
        actions.setItem(COSName.WS, ws);
    }

    /**
     * This will get a JavaScript action to be performed
     * after saving a document.
     * The name DS stands for "did save".
     *
     * @return The DS entry of document catalog's additional actions dictionary.
     */
    public PDAction getDS()
    {
        COSDictionary ds = actions.getCOSDictionary(COSName.DS);
        return ds != null ? PDActionFactory.createAction(ds) : null;
    }

    /**
     * This will set a JavaScript action to be performed
     * after saving a document.
     * The name DS stands for "did save".
     *
     * @param ds The action to be performed.
     */
    public void setDS( PDAction ds )
    {
        actions.setItem(COSName.DS, ds);
    }

    /**
     * This will get a JavaScript action to be performed
     * before printing a document.
     * The name WP stands for "will print".
     *
     * @return The WP entry of document catalog's additional actions dictionary.
     */
    public PDAction getWP()
    {
        COSDictionary wp = actions.getCOSDictionary(COSName.WP);
        return wp != null ? PDActionFactory.createAction(wp) : null;
    }

    /**
     * This will set a JavaScript action to be performed
     * before printing a document.
     * The name WP stands for "will print".
     *
     * @param wp The action to be performed.
     */
    public void setWP( PDAction wp )
    {
        actions.setItem(COSName.WP, wp);
    }

    /**
     * This will get a JavaScript action to be performed
     * after printing a document.
     * The name DP stands for "did print".
     *
     * @return The DP entry of document catalog's additional actions dictionary.
     */
    public PDAction getDP()
    {
        COSDictionary dp = actions.getCOSDictionary(COSName.DP);
        return dp != null ? PDActionFactory.createAction(dp) : null;
    }

    /**
     * This will set a JavaScript action to be performed
     * after printing a document.
     * The name DP stands for "did print".
     *
     * @param dp The action to be performed.
     */
    public void setDP( PDAction dp )
    {
        actions.setItem(COSName.DP, dp);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home » Women
The Sexiest Models And Celebs Wearing Only Towels
Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Selena Gomez and Cara Delevingne are all included.
Mikelle Street
Mario Testino has a pretty nice life. Flying all around the world shooting models and celebrities for everything from magazine covers to ad campaigns; sweet gig. Luckily for you, he's decided to bring us all along via his #TowelSeries project on Instagram. Check out some of the hottest takes below.
https://www.instagram.com/p/515Dt_TC11
Aug 1, 2015 at 6:14am PDT
Grazi Massafera
https://www.instagram.com/p/4eUi3YzC1j
Jun 28, 2015 at 6:01am PDT
https://www.instagram.com/p/3FRHmKTCxU
May 24, 2015 at 3:59pm PDT
Rosie Huntington-Whiteley
https://www.instagram.com/p/2bnODhzCwr
May 8, 2015 at 11:44am PDT
https://www.instagram.com/p/1qfgBlzC4J
Apr 19, 2015 at 9:54am PDT
https://www.instagram.com/p/zx1bvnzCwK
Mar 3, 2015 at 12:17pm PST
https://www.instagram.com/p/xpl_79TC4m
Jan 9, 2015 at 2:26pm PST
https://www.instagram.com/p/vy2_37zC0x
Nov 24, 2014 at 11:45am PST
Laura Neiva
https://www.instagram.com/p/tAK55eTC42
Sep 16, 2014 at 3:15am PDT
Natalia Vodianova
https://www.instagram.com/p/pwVQGszC_L
Jun 27, 2014 at 10:03am PDT
Lindsey Wixson
https://www.instagram.com/p/o_tR1GzC7r
Jun 8, 2014 at 12:50pm PDT
https://www.instagram.com/p/nx68fCTC6q
May 9, 2014 at 7:49am PDT
https://www.instagram.com/p/nAq4K-TC-4
Sonya Gorelova
https://www.instagram.com/p/mx5WRlTCz7
Apr 14, 2014 at 11:03am PDT
https://www.instagram.com/p/mNsO_iTC1w
Mar 31, 2014 at 9:36am PDT
https://www.instagram.com/p/lpNe0aTC0s
https://www.instagram.com/p/kcskv9TC2U
Feb 15, 2014 at 11:25am PST
Emily Didonato
https://www.instagram.com/p/igloaszCys
Dec 29, 2013 at 6:38am PST
Photos by Mario Testino
Tags: Cara Delevingne joan smalls mario testino Rosie Huntington-Whiteley towel series Women


text:
Q: NUnit TestFixture and TestCase I have to write some integration tests with NUnit that should test HTTP endpoints.
This means that URL should be shared across all test methods.
[TestFixture("http://my.endpoint.com")]
public class TestSuiteOne
{
   [TestCase(10, 20, Expected = 30)]
   [TestCase(20, 30, Expected = 50)]
   public int TestA(int a, int b, HttpResponseMessage sut)
   {
        // AAA.
   }

   [TestCase("XXX", "YYY", Expected = "ABC")]
   public int TestA(string a, string b, HttpResponseMessage sut)
   {
        // AAA.
   }
}

To get SUT value on each test run that comes from test suite attribute I know two options:
Option A (read SUT from class property)

public abstract class TestSuiteBase
{
    protected(string endpoint)
    {
        Sut = endpoint;
    }

    protected HttpResponseMessage Sut { get; }
}

[TestFixture("http://my.endpoint.com")]
public class TestSuiteOne : TestSuiteBase
{
   public TestSuiteOne(string endpoint) : base(endpoint)
   {
   }

   [TestCase(10, 20, Expected = 30)]
   [TestCase(20, 30, Expected = 50)]
   public int TestA(int a, int b)
   {
        // act (read content/response code/headers/etc); Making a call I do not consider as act.
        var actual = Sut.DoSomething();

        // assert
   }

   [TestCase("XXX", "YYY", Expected = "ABC")]
   public int TestA(string a, string b)
   {
        // act (read content/response code/headers/etc); Making a call I do not consider as act.
        var actual = Sut.DoSomething();

        // assert
   }
}

Option B (intercept test method call)
public class MyTestCase: TestCaseAttribute
{
    public MyTestCase(params object[] args) : base(Resize(args))
    {
    }

    // I do resize before method call because VS Test Adapters discover tests to show a list in the test explorer
    private static object[] Resize(params object[] args)
    {
        Array.Resize(ref args, args.Length + 1);
        args[args.Length - 1] = "{response}";

        return args;
    }
}

public abstract class TestSuiteBase
{
   [SetUp]
   public void OnBeforeTestRun()
   {
       var ctx = TestContext.CurrentContext;

       var args = ctx.Test.Arguments;

       // Making a call I do not consider as act.
       args[args.Length - 1] = MakeCallAndGetHttpResponseMessage(args);
   }
}

[TestFixture("http://my.endpoint.com")]
public class TestSuiteOne : TestSuiteBase
{
   [MyTestCase(10, 20, Expected = 30)]
   [MyTestCase(20, 30, Expected = 50)]
   public int TestA(int a, int b, HttpResponseMessage sut)
   {
        // act (read content/response code/headers/etc); Making a call I do not consider as act.
        var actual = sut.DoSomething();

        // assert
   }

   [MyTestCase("XXX", "YYY", Expected = "ABC")]
   public int TestA(string a, string b, HttpResponseMessage sut)
   {
        // AAA.
   }
}

Is there any more convenient way how to combine value that comes from  TestFixture with TestCase?

A: Since you placed the endpoint string on the TestFixtureAttribute, I will assume

*

*That you want to share it with all the test cases in the fixture.

*That you do not want to share it with any other fixtures.

The only thing missing in your example is a constructor that will accept the argument you are providing. Just add something like...
public TestSuiteOne(string url)
{
     Sut = endpoint;
}

So long as you make Sut a readonly property or field, none of your testcases will be able to change it, whether they are run sequentially or in parallel.
Both the options you provide seem overly complex to me, at least insofar as you have explained the problem. The first one is closest to this answer.
Of course, it's entirely possible that you might do other things with the web site, which would cause parallel (or even sequential) tests to interfere with one another. Don't do that. :-) Seriously, sharing a driver is entirely different from sharing a string, but that's a different question.
IMO, by the way, you and your team should get used to one test framework or another. The lifecycle issue you mention is not the only subtle difference between NUnit and xUnit!


text:
Biografia
Si è laureato in Medicina veterinaria presso l'Università degli Studi di Milano nel 1969 e dopo aver svolto per alcuni anni il medico veterinario nella zona di Melegnano, nel 1974 si trasferisce a Magenta (MI) ove inizia a svolgere l'incarico di veterinario condotto, passando all'USSL locale nel 1981 e divenendo direttore del Dipartimento di Prevenzione Veterinaria dell'ospedale di Magenta.

Col suo trasferimento a Magenta, Zuffada ha dato il via alla sua carriera politica nella Democrazia Cristiana dapprima come consigliere comunale e poi come sindaco dal 1988, carica che manterrà sino al 1993. Passato a Forza Italia, è stato riconfermato in consiglio comunale fino al 2007 Nel 2002 venne eletto presidente del consiglio comunale di Magenta e dal 2005, dopo la candidatura, diviene consigliere regionale della Regione Lombardia con  preferenze. Sino al 2004 è stato referente di Forza Italia per il magentino, divenendo poi membro del comitato provinciale.

Nel Consiglio regionale lombardo, è stato membro della Commissione III Sanità e Assistenza e, sino al luglio 2008, della Commissione IV Attività produttive, incarico che lasciò per assumere la presidenza della commissione II Affari Istituzionali. Dal dicembre del 2006 sino al luglio del 2009 è stato membro della commissione speciale Statuto, incaricata di approvare un nuovo statuto regionale. Alle elezioni regionali in Lombardia del 2010 è stato rieletto consigliere regionale nelle liste del Popolo della Libertà.

Nel 2013 è stato eletto Senatore nella XVII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana.

Il 16 novembre 2013, con la sospensione delle attività del Popolo della Libertà, aderisce a Forza Italia. Nel dicembre 2016 aderisce al movimento di Daniela Santanchè "Noi Repubblicani - Popolo Sovrano".

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Zuffada
Politici di Forza Italia (2013)
Studenti dell'Università degli Studi di Milano
Senatori della XVII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
Consiglieri regionali della Lombardia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
/**
 * Created by Admin on 6/20/2016.
 */
/*module App {
    export class Contactdetlctrl {
        Contacts:Object[];
        ContactListService: ContactListService;
        param: string;

        constructor(ContactListService:App.ContactListService, param: angular.ui.IStateParamsService, $scope:ng.IScope) {
            this.ContactListService = ContactListService;
            this.Contacts = [];
            this.param= param;
            console.log("Before Param");
            console.log(param);
            console.log("After Param");

            this.getPosts();
        }
        getPosts(id: param.id):void {
            var self = this;

            self.ContactListService.getbyId().then((result:Object[]):void => {
                self.Contacts = result;
                console.log(result);

            });

        }

    }

    Contactdetlctrl.$inject = ['ContactListService','$stateParams'];
    angular.module('contactsApp').controller('Contactdetlctrl', Contactdetlctrl);
/**
 * Created by Admin on 6/20/2016.
 */

/*module App {
    export class Contactdetlctrl {
        Contacts:Object[];
        ContactListService: ContactListService;
        param: string;

        constructor(ContactListService:App.ContactListService, param: angular.ui.IStateParamsService, $scope:ng.IScope) {
            this.ContactListService = ContactListService;
            this.Contacts = [];
            this.param= param;
            console.log("Before Param");
            console.log(param);
            console.log("After Param");

            this.getPosts();
        }
        getPosts(id: param.id):void {
            var self = this;

            self.ContactListService.getbyId().then((result:Object[]):void => {
                self.Contacts = result;
                console.log(result);

            });

        }

    }

    Contactdetlctrl.$inject = ['ContactListService','$stateParams'];
    angular.module('contactsApp').controller('Contactdetlctrl', Contactdetlctrl);

//# sourceMappingURL=contactdetails.js.map


text:
Q: Searching in a TreeMap (Java) I need to do a search in a map of maps and return the keys this element belong.
I think this implementation is very slow, can you help me to optimize it?.
I need to use TreeSet and I can't use contains because they use compareTo, and equals/compareTo pair are implemented in an incompatible way and I can't change that.
(sorry my bad english)
Map<Key, Map<SubKey, Set<Element>>> m = new TreeSet();

public String getKeys(Element element) {
 for(Entry<Key, Map<SubKey, Set<Element>>> e : m.entrySet()) {
  mapSubKey = e.getValue();
  for(Entry<SubKey, Set<Element>> e2 : mapSubKey.entrySet()) {
   setElements = e2.getValue();
   for(Element elem : setElements)
    if(elem.equals(element)) return "Key: " + e.getKey() + " SubKey: " + e2.getKey();
  }
 }
}

A: The problem here is that the keys and values are backward.
Maps allow one to efficiently find a value (which would be Key and SubKey) associated with a key (Element, in this example).
Going backwards is slow.
There are bi-directional map implementations, like Google Collections BiMap, that support faster access in both directions—but that would mean replacing TreeMap. Otherwise, maintain two maps, one for each direction.

A: if you can't use contains, and you're stuck using a Map of Maps, then your only real option is to iterate, as you are doing.
alternatively, you could keep a reverse map of Element to Key/SubKey in a separate map, which would make reverse lookups faster.
also, if you're not sure that a given Element can exist in only one place, you might want to store and retrieve a List<Element> instead of just an Element

A: Using TreeMap and TreeSet work properly when compareTo and equals are implemented in such a way that they are compatible with each other. Furthermore, when searching in a Map, only the search for the key will be efficient (for a TreeMap O(log n)). When searching for a value in a Map, the complexity will become linear.
There is a way to optimize the search in the inner TreeSet though, when implementing your own Comparator for the Element type. This way you can implement your own compareTo method without changing the Element object itself.

A: Here is a bidirectional TreeMap (or Bijection over TreeMap).
It associates two overloaded TreeMaps Which are tied together.
Each one "inverse" constant field points to the other TreeMap. Any change on one TreeMap is automatically reflected on its inverse.
As a result, each value is unique.
public class BiTreeMap<K, V> extends TreeMap<K, V> {
    public final BiTreeMap<V, K> inverse;

    private BiTreeMap(BiTreeMap inverse) {
        this.inverse = inverse;
    }

    public BiTreeMap() {
        inverse = new BiTreeMap<V, K>(this);
    }

    public BiTreeMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        inverse = new BiTreeMap<V, K>(this);
        putAll(m);
    }

    public BiTreeMap(Comparator<? super K> comparator) {
        super(comparator);
        inverse = new BiTreeMap<V, K>(this);
    }

    public BiTreeMap(Comparator<? super K> comparatorK, Comparator<? super V> comparatorV) {
        super(comparatorK);
        inverse = new BiTreeMap<V, K>(this, comparatorV);
    }

    private BiTreeMap(BiTreeMap<V, K> inverse, Comparator<? super K> comparatorK) {
        super(comparatorK);
        this.inverse = inverse;
    }

    @Override
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        if(key == null || value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
        V oldValue = super.put(key, value);
        if (oldValue != null && inverse._compareKeys(value, oldValue) != 0) {
            inverse._remove(oldValue);
        }
        K inverseOldKey = inverse._put(value, key);
        if (inverseOldKey != null && _compareKeys(key, inverseOldKey) != 0) {
            super.remove(inverseOldKey);
        }
        return oldValue;
    }

    private int _compareKeys(K k1, K k2) {
        Comparator<? super K> c = comparator();
        if (c == null) {
            Comparable<? super K> ck1 = (Comparable<? super K>) k1;
            return ck1.compareTo(k2);
        } else {
            return c.compare(k1, k2);
        }
    }

    private V _put(K key, V value) {
        return super.put(key, value);
    }

    @Override
    public V remove(Object key) {
        V value = super.remove(key);
        inverse._remove(value);
        return value;
    }

    private V _remove(Object key) {
        return super.remove(key);
    }

    @Override
    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
        for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : map.entrySet()) {
            K key = e.getKey();
            V value = e.getValue();
            put(key, value);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void clear() {
        super.clear();
        inverse._clear();
    }

    private void _clear() {
        super.clear();
    }

    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
        return inverse.containsKey(value);
    }

    @Override
    public Map.Entry<K, V> pollFirstEntry() {
        Map.Entry<K, V> entry = super.pollFirstEntry();
        inverse._remove(entry.getValue());
        return entry;
    }

    @Override
    public Map.Entry<K, V> pollLastEntry() {
        Map.Entry<K, V> entry = super.pollLastEntry();
        inverse._remove(entry.getValue());
        return entry;
    }
}


The Pacific Northwest has so much to offer its residents and we look forward to sharing that with you.
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Are you thinking of selling your Greater Seattle Area house or condo? We have an amazing marketing system to ensure that you get your house sold quickly and for the best price.
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With the help of great technology, like this website, exceptional marketing capabilities, and an amazing group of real estate professionals we are able to provide world class service to clients in both King and Snohomish County.
We look forward to providing you with world class service.
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I WOULD REFER HIM TO ANYONE.
How well you will be treated and how hard these two work for you.
Jason Fox was born in Everett, WA and has lived in the area ever since.
His love for the area makes it an effortless transition to show people that are relocating the natural beauties that the Greater Puget Sound area has to offer.
Jason has been marketing the real estate industry for over a decade. During that time he has worked with 100's of the top real estate agents in the country assisting them with their marketing efforts. Forming and selling 3 companies that offered marketing services to the real estate industry.
The skills that he has learned and perfected to help others will now be used to assist his clients in selling their Seattle area home quickly and for top dollar.
Having formed and run 3 business and the selling them for a profit ensures that his negotiation skills are sharp. In his last business Jason was regularly voted as one of the most informative real estate blogs in the country at teaching real estate professionals marketing techniques.
We work out of the Lynnwood John L. Scott Real Estate office.


(AfDB) - The African Development Bank - Civil Society Committee held its first statutory meeting at the Bank's headquarters in Abidjan on 15-16 January, 2019.
The committee is an advisory group set up by the Bank to strengthen links and collaboration with civil society in Africa, and is composed of 11 civil society organisations with proven expertise in at least one of the Bank's five major development priorities, known as the High 5s. The committee members also represent the continent's five sub-regions (North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa), as well as active international non-governmental organizations in Africa. In addition to civil society representatives, the committee includes 11 staff members of the Bank.
"The overall objective of this first statutory meeting of the committee is to strengthen the involvement of civil society organisations in the implementation of the Bank's five key priorities at the country level and in the Bank's operations and projects," said Vanessa Moungar, Director of the Bank's Gender, Women and Civil Society Department, in her welcome remarks.
"The Bank must be known as a pan-African institution that engages with communities and informs, consults and involves them in its development efforts," added Njanmnshi.
The meeting unveiled the first ever issue of a quarterly newsletter, Voices of Citizens in Africa, developed by the African Development Bank's Civil Society and Community Engagement Division. This newsletter will publish news related to the Bank's engagement with civil society and will share experiences and good practices. As Vanessa Moungar asserted, "the Bank's engagement framework with civil society is on the move!"
The committee will meet for its second statutory session in May 2019, to review the progress made by each civil society representation at the regional level, on the sidelines of the Civil Society Forum, whose theme is aligned with that of the Bank's 2019 Annual Meetings: "Strengthening Regional Integration for Africa's Economic Prosperity."


text:
Q: Is there a way to get an arraylist element by its name? I write a program in Java, and i have the following problem:
//this is the important part of my class student
public class Student{
    private String name;
    public Student(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    //Getter
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

//this is the other class (could be the main for example)
public class Load {
    private ArrayList<Student> student= new ArrayList<Student>();
    student.add(new Student(name));
}

Later in the program I need those students again. I can get them like this:
System.out.println(student.get(0));

But I dont have the number of the students. Is there a way to get them by the name, which is in the class Student?

A: What you can do is create a function which takes a String as input, searches the student list and returns if the object was found.
public Student findStudentByName(String name) {
    for(Student studentObj : student) {
        if(studentObj.getName().equals(name)) {
            return studentObj;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

A: In this case maybe you can use a Map to save that list of Students. Then you shoud get Students by name.
Map<String, Student> students = new HashMap<String, Student>();
Student maryIn = new Student();
maryIn.setName("Mary");
students.put(maryIn.getName(), maryIn);

Student maryOut = students.get("Mary");

A: You can get the number of elements in a list by using student.size().
Additionally, you should use interface type whenever possible, in your case List<Student> student = new ArrayList<Student>();.
Also, have a typo in your code: student.add(new Student(name));.
As for the last question, just use an extra method inside Load that searches for the desired student name in the current list:
public Student searchByName(String targetStudentName) {
    for (Student s : student) {
        if (targetStudentName.equals(s.getName())) {
            return s;
        }
    }
    return null;
}


text:
MMS Staff News
Newsletter | Issue 7 | December 2017
You can't teach compassion, can you?
Dr Petrina Barson, Honorary Fellow in the Department of General Practice, has been teaching Compassion Cultivation to MD students at the Western Clinical School since 2015, and she has always thought this is an odd question.
"People rarely dispute the possibility of someone's compassion being diminished by the wrong kind of training or environment, so it seems strange to me that we doubt the possibility that the right kind of training could enhance someone's innate compassion" she said. "The more difficult question, I suppose, is how that could be done".
A team in the Department of Medical Education, the Department of General Practice, and the Western Clinical School, is attempting to answer this question. In 2015, Assoc Prof Stephen Lew, Director of Medical Education at the Western Clinical School, invited Petrina to teach Compassion Cultivation to his students out of a desire to produce graduates who are not only compassionate, but also resilient.
The 5-week course (10 contact hours), currently being delivered to all MD3 students during their aged care term, is based on the Compassion Cultivation Training devised by CCARE - the Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education at Stanford University. Tutorials include pedagogy about compassion for self and others – its facilitators and inhibitors, small group discussion and sharing, experiential exercises in pairs to enable exploration of students' personal experience of the concepts being discussed, and meditation. The course explores and practises various capacities which support compassion for self and others, including mindfulness, empathy, loving, kindness and the awareness of common humanity.
Students have evaluated this course very highly, and qualitative feedback has suggested transformative learning. To further understand its effects, Stephen and Petrina, along with Jennifer Schwarz from the Western Clinical School and Clare Delany from the DME, recently applied for and received a Learning and Teaching Initiative Grant of $20,000 from the University to teach and research this program over two years. With others from the DME and the DGP, they have begun a formal evaluation, using well validated measures of compassion, self-compassion, and wellbeing. Focus groups will be conducted to further explore its lived effects, and the grant will extend to supporting a symposium on Educating for Empathy and Compassion in 2019.


text:
The Very Reverend Catherine Ogle
Catherine Ogle is Dean of Winchester. Before taking on this role Catherine was a parish priest in West Yorkshire (among the first women ordained to the priesthood in the C of E) and later became Dean of Birmingham. Throughout her career she has built up churches and promoted them in mission whilst engaging with diverse communities. Catherine has extensive experience in interfaith working, Chairing the award winning 'Interfaith Kirklees' education project and establishing an innovative programme of Arts activities uniting artists and communities of different faiths in Birmingham.
As the 38th Dean of Winchester Catherine is Head of the Cathedral Foundation and a member of the Bishop of Winchester's senior team, supporting the mission of the diocese.


FindBiometrics Managing Editor Peter Counter (left) and David Benini, VP, Marketing & Product, Aware at FedID 2018.
FindBiometrics is in Tampa this week, bringing you live coverage from the 2018 Federal Identity Forum & Exhibition (FedID 2018). During day one on the exhibition floor I interviewed David Benini, Vice President, Marketing & Product at Aware. Our conversation began with discussing Aware's Knomi biometric software and its recent FIDO certification. We went on to talk about the importance of biometric standards in the identification industry, Aware's contract with the UK government to provide its BioSP solution, and how 2018 has been for the company.
Stay posted to FindBiometrics throughout the week for more FedID news straight from the source.


Fast trains from Vinaròs to Barcelona take around 1 hour and 49 minutes, covering a distance of approximately 174 kilometres. There are frequent services on the rail route between Vinaròs and Barcelona.
1. Are there direct trains from Vinaròs to Barcelona?
Direct trains from Vinaròs to Barcelona have been found.
We usually find around 27 direct trains on the route from Vinaròs to Barcelona every weekday.
2. How long is the train journey from Vinaròs to Barcelona?
The Vinaròs to Barcelona train travel time is normally about 1 hour and 49 minutes, whatever time you make the journey.
3. What are the Vinaròs to Barcelona train times and schedule?
On weekdays the earliest direct train to Barcelona is usually scheduled to depart Vinaròs around 06:53 and the last train is around 22:11. This is the same at the weekend.
What's the Vinaròs to Barcelona train price?
The earlier you book the better, and the cheapest tickets we've found for trains from Vinaròs to Barcelona are $17.67.
When to book Vinaròs to Barcelona train tickets?
Trains in Spain usually open for booking around 4 months in advance. If booking is not yet open for your dates then you can set a booking alert to receive an email on the day that the cheapest tickets are released for your journey from Vinaròs to Barcelona by train.
Which train companies operate between Vinaròs and Barcelona?


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text:
Q: Проблемы с VK api: при отправке сообщений боту в личку он не выдаёт ошибки Вечер добрый, начинаю писать бота в вк. Никогда не сталкивался с ВК Апи и возникли проблемы.
import vk_api
from vk_api.utils import get_random_id
from vk_api.bot_longpoll import VkBotLongPoll, VkBotEventType

vk_session = vk_api.VkApi(token = "Тут стоит токен, но сейчас я его убрал")

cmd_list = ['Ничего']

from vk_api.longpoll import VkLongPoll, VkEventType
longpoll = VkLongPoll(vk_session)
vk = vk_session.get_api()
for event in longpoll.listen():
    if event.type == VkEventType.MESSAGE_NEW and event.to_me and event.text:
        if event.text == 'Начать' or event.text == 'Привет'or event.text == 'привет'or event.text == 'начать':
            if event.from_user:
                vk.messages.send(
                    user_id=event.user_id,
                    message='И тебе не хворать! Если хочешь узнать, что я могу, напиши "Что ты умеешь?"'
        )
            elif event.from_chat:
                vk.messages.send(
                    chat_id=event.chat_id,
                    message='И тебе не хворать!'
        )
        if event.type == VkEventType.MESSAGE_NEW and event.to_me and event.text:
            if event.text == 'Что ты умеешь?':
                vk.messages.send(
                    user_id = event.user_id,
                    message = camd_list
        )

По итогу выдаёт ошибку:
   File "arc_bot.py", line 22, in <module>
    vk.messages.send(
  File "C:\Users\zolot\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\vk_api\vk_api.py", line 696, in __call__
    return self._vk.method(self._method, kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\zolot\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\vk_api\vk_api.py", line 656, in method
    raise error
vk_api.exceptions.ApiError: [100] One of the parameters specified was missing or invalid: random_id is a required parameter

Кто сталкивался, может подсказать, что я именно делаю не так? В ВК включил ЛонгПолл.

A: Нужно в запросы заполнять параметр random_id. Добавьте его во все vk.messages.send
Пример:
vk.messages.send(
    user_id=event.user_id,
    message='И тебе не хворать! Если хочешь узнать, что я могу, напиши "Что ты умеешь?"',
    random_id=get_random_id(),
)

A: В ошибке же все написано: vk_api.exceptions.ApiError: [100] One of the parameters specified was missing or invalid: random_id is a required parameter, то что у тебя не хватает обязательного параметра.
random_id - уникальный (в привязке к API_ID и ID отправителя) идентификатор, предназначенный для предотвращения повторной отправки одинакового сообщения. Сохраняется вместе с сообщением и доступен в истории сообщений.
Заданный random_id используется для проверки уникальности за всю историю сообщений, поэтому используйте большой диапазон (до int32).
целое число, доступен начиная с версии 5.45
Ссылка на документацию - https://vk.com/dev/messages.send