text:
FWCS Kicks Off STEM/STEAM Initiative with Discovery Education
Fort Wayne Community Schools and Discovery Education, the leading provider of digital content and professional development for K-12 classrooms, will kick off FWCS' STEM/STEAM initiative with a special leadership retreat on March 22. During this invite-only event, FWCS teachers and administrators, as well as local business and community leaders, parents and others, will gather at the FWCS Family and Community Engagement Center to create the vision for the seven schools involved in the initiative.
FWCS recently entered into a new collaboration with Discovery Education that will build a culture of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) education at Irwin Elementary, Portage Middle School and Wayne High School, and a STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math) culture at Whitney Young Early Childhood Center, Weisser Park Elementary School, Memorial Park Middle School and South Side High School. During the Leadership Retreat led by Discovery Education, participants will examine the future needs of the workforce across the greater Fort Wayne region, engage in hands-on activities that model the lessons students will experience and chart a roadmap for FWCS' STEM/STEAM journey.
"We are excited to bring business and community leaders together with our educators to build partnerships for the work we have ahead of us," FWCS Superintendent Dr. Wendy Robinson. "An initiative of this size and importance requires the best thinking of our entire community, and we look forward to partnering with Discovery Education to create a premiere STEM/STEAM education for our students."
As part of FWCS' expanded collaboration with Discovery Education, a variety of digital resources will support the district's efforts to accelerate STEM/STEAM learning at the seven schools. The new resources include Discovery Education Streaming Plus, STEM Connect and Discovery Education's Science and Math TechbooksTM, which are digital textbooks.
Discovery Education's professional development services will also play a critical role in helping the staff at the seven schools create a strong culture of STEM/STEAM education over the next four years.
"Discovery Education is proud to support Fort Wayne Community Schools' efforts to advance STEM and STEAM education," said Kelly Hoce, Director of Education Partnerships at Discovery Education. "We are excited to begin this exciting new initiative and support the talented FWCS team as they grow a vibrant culture of STEM/STEAM teaching and learning and support the success of students districtwide."
Since 2008, FWCS and Discovery Education have partnered to bring digital resources that empower teachers, enhance curriculum and inspire students to classrooms across the school system. Students and teachers district-wide currently have access to Discovery Education Streaming, a comprehensive digital service supplementing instruction across all K-12 curricular areas and aligned to state standards.
About Discovery Education Discovery Education is the global leader in standards-based digital content for K-12, transforming teaching and learning with award-winning digital textbooks, multimedia content, professional development, and the largest professional learning community of its kind. Serving 4.5 million educators and over 50 million students, Discovery Education's services are in half of U.S. classrooms, 50 percent of all primary schools in the UK, and more than 50 countries. Discovery Education partners with districts, states, and like-minded organizations to captivate students, empower teachers, and transform classrooms with customized solutions that increase academic achievement. Discovery Education is powered by Discovery Communications (NASDAQ: DISCA, DISCB, DISCK), the number one nonfiction media company in the world. Explore the future of education at www.discoveryeducation.com. For more information about Discovery Education's digital content services, digital textbook series and professional development resources, visit www.discoveryeducation.com. Stay connected with Discovery Education on social media through Facebook, on Twitter at @DiscoveryEd, or on Instagram and Pinterest.


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Entertainment headlines while we were on break
January 31, 2013 12:00 am by Hannah Benjamin
Five weeks is a long time for the entertainment industry, so while we were enjoying our holiday these celebrities, films, and musical artists were making headlines and doing what they do best – keeping us entertained.
Award season is upon us, and over break the Oscar nominees have been announced to include recent releases like Les Misérables and Django Unchained. Silver Linings Playbook took the nominations by storm, becoming perhaps the most underestimated award winner this year. Our local theater didn't even pick up the movie until it was Oscar nominated for Best Picture, Actor and Supporting Actor, Actress and Supporting Actress, Director, Film Editing, and Adapted Screenplay.
Kimye (Kim Kardashian and Kanye West) announced a pregnancy after publicly dating since last April. West dropped the news at a concert in Atlantic City, right before New Year's when asking the crowd to make some noise for his baby mama. Both families are incredibly supportive of the new baby.
Notre Dame linebacker Manti Te'o was allegedly hoaxed by a "Catfish" scam late last year and while we were on break, the real story broke out. Te'o had an online girlfriend who turned out never actually existed. The two had never met but kept a long distance relationship until her death from cancer Sept. 11, 2012. Except her death was fake too!
After Te'o learned of the hoax, he perpetuated the lie to save face and not cause a distraction for his team. Speculation on the validity of the hoax has been made, claiming that Te'o faked the whole scam for publicity or that it was a cover up for potential homosexuality. So far, nothing has been confirmed and Te'o still seems to be the victim.
After years of denial, Lance Armstrong confessed using performance enhancing drugs to win the Tour de France to Oprah Winfrey. Armstrong was stripped of his titles, lost most of his endorsements, and stepped down as chairman of the Livestrong foundation.
If all of that can happen in five weeks, who knows what this semester will bring? Let's hope it's just as exciting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.voovan.docker.command.Container;

import org.voovan.docker.command.Cmd;
import org.voovan.docker.message.container.ContainerProcess;
import org.voovan.docker.message.container.atom.Process;
import org.voovan.docker.network.DockerClientException;
import org.voovan.docker.network.Result;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 类文字命名
 *
 * @author helyho
 *         <p>
 *         JDocker Framework.
 *         WebSite: https://github.com/helyho/JDocker
 *         Licence: Apache v2 License
 */
public class CmdContainerTop extends Cmd {
    private String nameOrId;
    private String paArgs;

    public CmdContainerTop(String nameOrId) {
        this.nameOrId = nameOrId;
    }

    public CmdContainerTop psArgs(String paArgs){
        addParameter("ps_args",paArgs);
        return this;
    }

    public static CmdContainerTop newInstance(String nameOrId){
        return new CmdContainerTop(nameOrId);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Process> send() throws Exception {
        Result result = getDockerHttpClient().run("GET","/containers/"+nameOrId+"/top", getParameters());
        if(result!=null && result.getStatus()>=300){
            throw new DockerClientException(result.getMessage());
        }else{
            return ContainerProcess.load(result.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Religious Liberty Threats Follow Marriage Redefinition
August 14, 2014 | No comments | Posted in marriage, Politics, Religious Freedom, Sexuality | Tags: discrimination, HB/SB 300, marriage, religious freedom, same-sex marriage, wedding
by Brandon McGinley
It has long been contended by proponents of the traditional definition of marriage that with the abandonment of that definition will come assaults to the religious liberties we have long taken for granted. Naturally, those predictions were pooh-poohed, even by many people who support the traditional definition; many people on both sides of the debate over marriage want the issue to begin and end with the legal boundaries of of the institution. But that was never realistic, as has played out across the country, and as is playing out here in Pennsylvania.
In the last week, two Pennsylvania businesses–a bakery and a bridal shop–declined to provide services for same-sex weddings. That these two incidents were announced so close to one another in time and space (the businesses are 40 miles apart) strongly suggests that these businesses were targeted to create PR buzz for House Bill 300, which would create special classes in state law for sexual orientation and gender identity–and would bar business owners like these from making decisions about what services they will render based on their religious convictions under threat of jail time.
As in all the other celebrated cases of wedding vendor "discrimination" against same-sex couples, these Pennsylvania business owners do not object the their customers as people. The Bloomsburg bridal shop owner specifically indicated that the family is happy to fit apparel for people who identify with the LGBT community, but that applying their craft to the celebration of a marriage that violates their beliefs is unacceptable. This is about marriage and whether the state's redefinition of marriage must be assented to by all of its citizens regardless of their opinion of the matter.
For same-sex marriage activists, the work isn't done until everybody agrees–or at least pretends to agree. "We'd love for every venue and wedding purveyor to be 100 percent supportive [of same-sex marriage]," said a vendor at NEPA PrideFest. And that's the point of HB 300–to enforce uniformity across Pennsylvania on the question of the definition of marriage and of sexuality itself, which are, and ought to remain in our law, matters of conscience.


Cultural diversity is a modern-day reality in most workplaces. Cultural differences may show up in a variety of different ways and can at times cause misunderstandings or even conflict.
This course helps us to give thought to how culture may manifest in our own workplace. A framework is presented that helps us self-examine how we personally interact across difference. Finally, clear strategies are identified to build and strengthen your cultural competence.


text:
Frontiers in Neurology
Neurorehabilitation
Nicola Smania
University of Verona, Italy
Michelangelo Bartolo
Casa di Cura Habilita SpA, Italy
Paolo Tonin
Sant'Anna Institute, Italy
Data Availability Statement
Front. Neurol., 23 January 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00006
Human Computer Interface for Tracking Eye Movements Improves Assessment and Diagnosis of Patients With Acquired Brain Injuries
Michał Lech1*, Michał T. Kucewicz1,2 and Andrzej Czyżewski1
1Multimedia Systems Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
2Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN, United States
One of the first clinical signs differentiating the minimally conscious state from the vegetative state is the presence of smooth pursuit eye movements occurring in direct response to moving salient stimuli. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools for acute phase assessment of the level of consciousness, together with a neurological examination. These classic measures are limited to qualitative neurological examination without more quantitative measures provided from e.g., tasks with tracking position of the gaze. Among this and other limitations, it is prone to a relatively high rate of misdiagnosis. Here, we developed an interface for gaze tracking to enhance the assessment of consciousness in 10 patients with acquired brain injuries. According to the acute phase GCS assessment, nine of them were considered unaware and below the minimally conscious state. Chronic neurological examination confirmed six of them below the minimally conscious state. Our new Human Computer Interface (HCI) revealed that six patients were conscious enough to complete at least one of the gaze tracking tasks. Among these six patients, one was originally diagnosed as remaining in a vegetative state and one in coma. The patient diagnosed as remaining in a chronic vegetative state scored six GCS points acutely. Following assessment with our HCI the patient was re-diagnosed with a possible locked-in syndrome. Our HCI method provides a new complementary tool for clinical assessment of patients suffering from disorders of consciousness.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the most commonly used method for assessing consciousness level in the acute phase after acquired brain injuries. This acute phase assessment is typically followed by repeated neurological examination in the chronic phase. Alternative consciousness scales have been proposed but none has currently gained a comparable popularity (1, 2). Several shortcomings of the acute phase GCS and chronic neurological examinations have been reported for the last two decades (3–6). One of the main drawbacks is that the eye movements are not being tracked in the these assessments. The presence of smooth pursuit eye movements in response to a moving or salient stimulus is a critical clinical sign differentiating the minimally conscious state from the vegetative state (6). Several alternative scales use various stimuli to evaluate the visual smooth pursuit (6, 7). A moving mirror is used in the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) (8) and in the Western Neuro-Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP) (9), whereas a finger movement is used in the Coma/Near Coma Scale (10), the Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM) (11), the Sensory Modalities Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART) (12), and in the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness scale (FOUR) (1, 13). This additional assessment of eye movements enables patients in minimally conscious state to be more accurately identified compared to the GCS assessment. Furthermore, the FOUR scale specifically tests for voluntary eye movements or blinking in response to a command to open eyes, enabling early detection of the locked-in syndrome. This is critical for diagnosing rare cases of the syndrome, which is not detected in up to 50% of the cases (4). During the validation of the FOUR scale (14), the scale enabled us to identify 11% of patients who presented non-verbal signs of consciousness and thus remained unidentified in the GCS assessment. Overall, despite the existence of multiple methods for assessing the consciousness level, erroneous diagnosis is reported in up to 43% of the cases (15).
The high error rates in the above-mentioned scales can be explained by a clinical need to provide a fast assessment of patients' state when early diagnosis is crucial. As such they were not designed to provide more in-depth information about cognitive processing in the brain. Moreover, it is inherently difficult to quantify their measures, for instance, when assessing eye movements in response to tracking position of a finger or a mirror. Eye-tracking technologies present a promising aid to make assessments of consciousness more precise, accurate, and effective (16).
To address these issues, we developed a Human Computer Interface (HCI) technology for a more accurate and quantifiable assessment of the consciousness level. Our proposed HCI is based on tracking eye movements to follow position of the gaze on a computer screen during performance of simple cognitive tasks. We hypothesized that consciousness level can be more accurately identified by examining patient's ability to complete the gaze-tracking tasks. The technology can also hypothetically provide a deeper insight into the underlying cognitive impairments, including aphasia, alexia, or agraphia.
The gaze tracking technology gains popularity in biomedical engineering both for diagnostic and communication purposes. It is employed in research of severe neurological disorders like sclerosis (17) and visuospatial neglect (18). Trojano et al. (19) employed a computerized infrared 60-Hz eye-tracker system in assessment of characteristics of visual tracking in 18 DoC (disorders of consciousness) patients and in 11 healthy control participants. Among the DoC patients nine were in vegetative state (VS) and nine were in minimally conscious state (MCS). The proportion of on- or off-target fixations differed significantly between VS and MCS patients. Moreover, "the distribution of fixations on or off the target in all VS patients was at or below the chance level, whereas in the MCS group seven out of nine patients showed a proportion of on-target fixations significantly higher than the chance level" (19). These findings motivate the need for creating the gaze tracking devices and attempts of employing them in clinical practice.
In our system the gaze tracking technology is used both for controlling the computer while performing the tasks and for diagnostic purposes through analysis of the registered gaze responses. The technical framework of our HCI has been previously reported (20, 21), revealing a weak correlation between the GCS scores and the eye-tracker signals. Here, we tested the clinical feasibility of the HCI in assessment of the level of consciousness of patients suffering from acquired brain injuries.
The goal of the study was to assess the level of consciousness using objective measures of gaze tracking during two consecutive sessions with simple computer tasks. This new assessment was compared with the chronic neurological examination of the consciousness level. In addition, the acute phase GCS (the original 1974 version) assessment results have been presented in the paper to provide the information on initial state of patients. According to the original GCS, eye responses were assessed (4 point scale), together with verbal and motor responses (5 point scale). The neurological examination, in which no scale was applied, was performed by the clinician neurologist on the day of the incident and it was repeated annually. Although the purpose of the GCS is to assess patient's responses acutely, it is a common practice to use the scale for monitoring the responses chronically as well, as practiced in the medical center where the study was conducted. Both the basic neurological examination and the GCS assessment were additionally performed on the day of conducting the first session with each patient (Table 1). All patients showed consistent results of the neurological examinations over time, starting with the very first assessment performed on the day of their incident. The neurological examination (with no scale) as well as the diagnosis was made by a neurologist with long-standing experience with head trauma and acquired brain injuries. The GCS assessment was performed by a clinical therapist assisted by a physiotherapist in the motor response assessment. The verbal response was assessed solely by the clinical therapist, who specialized in aphasia, alexia and agraphia therapies. The eye response was assessed in cooperation of both the clinical therapist and the physiotherapist.
Table 1. Original clinical epicrisis of patients diagnosed based on standard neurological examination following the acute phase Glasgow Coma Scale assessment of consciousness state.
Written informed consent for participation was obtained from guardians of all participating subjects according to the Ethics Committee of approval of the clinic (more details included in Declarations). We recruited patients who satisfied the following inclusion criteria: adults (age over 18 years old at the time of recruitment), admitted with symptoms of impaired consciousness, including coma and akinetic mutism. Patients with diagnosed brain death, decerebration, and decortication were excluded from the study. The entire study was conducted in line with the rules and regulations of the institutionally approved research protocol. According to the General Data Protection Regulation the age of patients (in the day of conducting the research) has been presented in the form of ranges and the gender information has not been provided (Table 1).
Two experimental sessions were conducted with each patient. The second session was performed on the following day from the first one. The choice of tasks and the duration of tasks depended on the current patient state at the time of the experiment. The reactions and the performance of the patients were carefully observed by the therapist. All technical challenges with conducting the experiments with this patient population are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2. Challenges encountered during the diagnostic sessions.
Cyber Eye Hardware and Software
Our HCI consisted of "Tobii" eye gaze tracker hardware component (22), two monitor displays and speakers connected to a regular computer. We developed our own software with user-interface for research purposes. On one of the two monitors attached to the computer, the task content was presented to the patient. On another monitor, managing panels were displayed to the therapist. The whole solution was named "Cyber Eye," which comprised five diagnostic tasks assessing cognitive functioning of a patient. For each task a few therapeutic sets were prepared. In Figure 1 views of a patient's screen in each task are presented. Below, a description of each task is provided.
Task No. 1—"Indicate the heard word" Various words are displayed on the screen (Figure 1A). The task is to indicate with gaze a word spoken by a speech synthesizer. When the patient indicates the word (either correctly or not) a new word is randomly chosen by the application and it is generated by the synthesizer.
Task No. 2—"Indicate the heard sentence" Four sentences are displayed on the screen, one under another (Figure 1B). The task is to indicate by gaze the sentence articulated by the speech synthesizer.
Task No. 3—"Indicate the image" Three images are displayed on the screen (Figure 1C). A word describing a content of the particular image is articulated by the speech synthesizer. The task is to indicate the image associated with the spoken word.
Task No. 4—"Yes/No questions" Pictograms representing positive and negative answers are displayed on two sides of the screen (Figure 1D). A question is articulated by the speech synthesizer. The task is to answer the question by looking at one of the pictograms.
Task No. 5—"Indicate the digit" Ten digits are displayed on the screen as presented in Figure 1E. The task is to indicate by gaze a digit articulated by the speech synthesizer. The digit is randomly selected by the application.
Figure 1. Sample views of the screen in tasks No. 1–5 (A–E).
In tasks No. 1, 2, 3, and 5, when a patient indicated the ordered object (either correctly or not), a new object was randomly chosen by the application and its name was articulated by the synthesizer. A therapist could proceed to the next set of patterns using the managing panel. In each set related to the task No. 4 only one object (one question) was provided.
While the application was working, the gaze position and time stamps were registered in a log file for the purpose of further results analysis. Information about the start and the end of a particular task and about the chosen set were also contained in the log file. For each task the ordered object name and the name of the object selected by a patient were registered.
Accuracy of Gaze-Tracking
Two parameters are associated with quality of recorded gaze tracking data, i.e., accuracy and precision. Accuracy was defined as the average difference between the real stimuli position and the measured gaze position (23). Precision was defined as the ability of the eye tracker to reliably reproduce the same gaze point measurement. It can be represented as the variation of the recorded data via the Root Mean Square (RMS) of successive samples (23). Both parameters are graphically presented in Figure 2.
Figure 2. The accuracy and precision of the gaze tracker data recordings in three combinations: poor accuracy but good precision (A), good accuracy and good precision (B), and poor accuracy and poor precision (C) (23).
According to information from the Tobii gaze tracker website (23), "the accuracy error varies considerably across participants and experimental conditions. Accuracy is dependent on participant properties, illumination in the test environment, stimuli properties, calibration quality, data collection procedure and the eyes' position in the track box."
The experimenter was blinded to the ability of the patients to perform the calibration process as it would have created potential biases about the consciousness state. Therefore, the calibration was performed by the therapist at the cost of accuracy and precision. While the application was working, a green dot was displayed on the screen in the location where the fixation point was detected. Without applying any averaging algorithm the dot trembled vastly as the fixation point coordinates oscillated rapidly. It caused a sight fatigue making the system harder to control, especially for people with brain and vision impairments. Therefore, the method of smoothing the fixation point based on the Kalman filter (24) was developed. Thus, the poor precision was compensated. The poor accuracy, on the other hand, leads to real gaze point offset. Patients with acquired brain injuries often have impaired visual perception (including saccade movement impairment) (25, 26). That can also affect convergence between the real gaze point and the detected one. Therefore, the method for compensating the gaze point offset was developed and it has been described beneath.
Method for Compensating the Gaze Offset
The method for compensating the gaze offset was designed during the process of developing the system. A screen image was divided into nine rectangles, as presented in Figure 3A. A circle was inscribed in one of the rectangles in such a way that its diameter was equal to the longer side of the rectangle. For each element embedded within the graphical user interface (GUI) in tasks No. 1 and 5, the center (xc, yc) point was designated. The element indicated to be selected by gaze was considered properly selected if the distance d between the point (xc, yc) and the gaze point (xg, yg) was smaller than the radius (threshold) of the above mentioned circle. The distance d was calculated using Euclidean metrics (Equation 1).
d=(xg-xc)2+(yg-yc)2 (1)
For screen resolution 1,920 × 1,080 and the above described methodology, the threshold was equal to 320. According to the graphical representation of the method (Figure 3B), the element was selected if the gaze point belonged to the area designated by the circle.
Figure 3. The way of calculating the gaze point offset compensation threshold in the tasks No. 1 and 5 (A) with the graphical representation of the threshold in task No. 1 (B).
In task No. 2, each sentence occupied the substantial horizontal length of the screen, thus the Euclidean distance could not be used. Instead, the distance and the threshold were calculated only in y-axis, according to Equations (2, 3). Considering the placement of frames with sentences on the screen (Figure 1B) and considering height of the frames, the threshold was set to 150 pixels, by adopting constant value k = a/4, where a was the height of a sentence frame.
dII=|yc-yg| (2)
dTHRII=|yc-yc+1|-k (3)
The method of calculating the distance threshold in the task No. 2 is graphically presented in Figure 4. In tasks No. 3 and 4 no threshold was applied as the GUI elements were big enough to compensate the gaze fixation offset.
Figure 4. The way of calculating the distance threshold in the task No. 2.
The correctness of choosing the GUI element was measured on a dichotomous scale with value 1 meaning the correct selection and value 0 meaning the wrong selection. For each task a vector was created which contained a distribution of answers reflecting the probability of choosing the proper GUI element. The vector is named random vector herein. For example, for the task No. 2, repeated 12 times, the vector adopted values {1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0}, as each time four sentences were visible on the screen, and thus the probability of choosing the proper sentence was equal to 1/4. Therefore, every fourth answer in the vector was considered the proper one and it was denoted by "1." In the task No. 1, 10 words were visible on the screen, thus the probability of choosing the proper answer was equal to 1/10. Therefore, the random vector contained one digit "1" per 10 occurrences. The vectors created in this way for every task were compared in one-tailed Fisher's exact tests with vectors containing answers given by the patients. This particular test was chosen for the following reasons: dichotomous scale utilized (1—correct, 0—wrong); in some cases the contingency table contained values not >5 (therefore, the chi-squared test could not be used). The distributions were asymmetric, i.e., the results in which the random vector contained significantly more proper answers than the patient's responses vector were to be treated as highly insignificant (meaning patient did not show symptoms of consciousness). Therefore, one-tailed tests were utilized. The significance level α was set to 0.05. In Table 3, a sample distribution of patient responses, illustrating the procedure in task No. 1, is given. As the distances between the gaze points over words broad and baker (Figure 1A), and the center of the indicated word growth had been smaller than the threshold = 320, these words were considered as proper indications. Thus, the correctness measure for them was equal to 1 (Table 3, bold). The p-value was equal to 0.015 and the odds ratio was equal to 23.496, meaning that the patient had about 23 times greater odds of being conscious than the patient responding with a random distribution.
Table 3. Example of patient responses in task No. 1.
Ten patients (four females) were involved in this observational study conducted in "EPIMIGREN" medical center in Osielsko, Poland. These 10 patients were chosen from the group of 14 patients who had been at that time under hospital care in this particular medical center. Based on the inclusion criteria, described in Material and Methods, one patient was excluded from this study based on the age criterion and the remaining three patients were excluded due to decerebration/decortication. We found that 6 out of 10 patients expressed conscious task performance in at least one of the five HCI tasks (Table 4; p-values for statistically significant results in bold). Meanwhile, one of them (P4) was originally (and successively) diagnosed as remaining in vegetative state (acute phase GCS score of 6), and one (P9) as being in coma (acute phase GCS score of 7) (Table 4, Figure 6). Ranking the patients in descending order by the median odds ratios (Fisher's exact test) resulted in identification of the patients P4 and P9 as performing with the second and third best result, respectively (Figure 6). The consciousness state of patient P4 enabled him/her to complete 3 tasks with performance higher than chance level (Figure 6 and Table 4; Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05, n > 5). This finding corroborated a suspicion of the therapist that the patient remained in the locked-in state, despite obtaining the second lowest GCS score among the 10 patients.
Table 4. Results of the Fisher's exact test (p-values) and the chronic neurological examination.
Despite a clear indication to use the GCS only in the acute phase of acquired brain injury, it is often practiced to score consciousness state chronically. In this scenario, comparing the results obtained using the developed HCI with the ones from the GCS assessment, would have revealed congruency for patients P5 and patient P1 only. According to the HCI obtained results, it appears that the acute phase GCS scores between 6 and 8 would not reflect the chronic state differences amongst patients. The most disparate diagnosis outcome in this critical range of the acute phase GCS scores occurred for patient P4, who obtained only 6 GCS points (Figure 5), was subsequently diagnosed as remaining in a vegetative state, and was re-diagnosed with a locked-in syndrome after applying our HCI. Another pertinent example of patient P9 obtained 7 GCS points acutely and was subsequently diagnosed as being in coma. Meanwhile, the patient performed one of the tasks and obtained odds ratio 7.52 higher than a randomly responding patient (Figure 6).
Figure 5. Results of GCS assessment in the acute phase.
Figure 6. Comparison of the results of neurological examination with odds ratios-based scores obtained by employing the developed system. Abbreviations denoting the medical diagnosis are contained; for each patient the results from both sessions for each task are spread vertically; the patients are ranked in descending order by the median odds ratios; result of each session is presented as a green or a gray dot corresponding to a conscious (p < 0.05) and an unconscious (p ≥ 0.05) state, respectively. MCS, minimally consciousness state; VS, vegetative state; AM, akinetic mutism.
It is clinically accepted that a patient remaining in the chronic vegetative state scores 8 ± 1 GCS points in the initial acute phase, and a patient remaining in the minimally conscious state scores 11 ± 1 GCS points (27). Our results showed that 6 patients were conscious to some extent (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05, n > 5), suggesting that the acute phase GCS assessment would generally underestimate the predicted chronic state. Interestingly, patient P7 who was diagnosed as being in the minimally conscious state scored only 8 GCS points acutely. The developed system showed that the patient was conscious enough to complete one of the tasks correctly, despite the lowest odds ratio-based score amongst the patients showing the symptoms of consciousness (Figure 6).
Employing eye-tracking technology into clinical practice of identifying the state of consciousness presents several challenges. In this study, in particular, patient performance depended not only on brain impairment kind and severity, but also on their mental and physical state during the diagnostic session. Moreover, as presented in Table 2, the patients suffered from other impairments like eye ptosis, severe eye movement impairment, visual perception impairment, and saccade movement impairment. In some cases, the state of a patient on a particular day made the HCI sessions impossible to conduct. For example, because of the impairment of a right eye and the left eye ptosis, patient P4 had problems with gaze fixation in tasks 2–5 during session 1 (Table 2). However, the patient was able to perform two tasks correctly (4 and 5) in session 2 despite these impairments. Similarly, problems with the gaze tracking observed for the patient 5 in session 2 prevented proper task performance, e.g., task 5 was not possible at all. Nonetheless, these problems were not observed in session 1, in which the patient was able to complete three tasks (1, 4, and 5). In general, a patient was identified as conscious if the tasks were completed with a significant score in either of the two sessions. Our Human Computer Interface may therefore require repeated sessions to overcome such limitations present on this challenging group of patients.
There are several aspects to be improved in the HCI system. Currently, the system does not detect deliberate, conscious, wrong selections made by a patient while performing the tasks. In this hypothetical case, the assessment using our HCI would show lack of consciousness. In comparison, the risk of this error of omission is minimal while using scales testing for reaction to pain (e.g., Coma/Near Coma Scale) as refraining from reacting to painful stimuli is difficult. Another limitation of the HCI system is associated with relying on the mental and physical state of patients, which is highly variable. In general, the clinical scales with qualitative neurological assessment can be used with non-cooperative patient, whereas the HCI-based sessions require a patient to be in a relatively good condition on a particular day and to be willing to complete the tasks. Thus, our HCI could not be utilized in the acute phase of injury. Still, the developed HCI approach is proposed as a new complementary tool rather than a replacement for the clinical assessment of patients suffering from disorders of consciousness. Instead of classifying definite states of a patient, HCI ranks their scores based on the odds ratios to provide more precise information and thus improve identification of the actual state of consciousness. Nonetheless, differentiation between a vegetative state and coma would be still performed using standard neurological assessment and various scale-based methods other than our HCI. Similarly, distinguishing a minimally conscious state from akinetic mutism cannot be performed based exclusively on the odds ratios. However, our HCI system could be particularly useful in assessing the level of consciousness impairment in conscious patients and in identifying the locked-in syndrome.
The software development kit (SDK) provided with the Tobii gaze tracking system offered a method of filtering the raw gaze position signal. The method, however, resulted in poor precision, unstable and noisy measurements, intensifying the mouse chase effect (28, 29). Therefore, we developed a method of fixation point smoothing based on the Kalman filter and utilized it instead of the method provided with the SDK. This enabled us to create an application controllable even by patients with vision impairments. However, the level of smoothing of the fixation point depended on the parameter set arbitrarily based on the performance of the particular processing unit and frame rate of the gaze tracker. When combining the described procedure with another hardware, one should consider adjustment of this parameter in order to obtain the best possible smoothing of the gaze position. Choosing an arbitrary value of the parameter could potentially affect assessment of the actual level of consciousness.
Our aim was to present the tool complementary to the scales used clinically. We wanted to avoid creating an impression that our new HCI is an alternative option to replace the existing scales, e.g., The Four Scale (13). Our point is rather that HCI can be a tool complementary to the clinically used scales to improve their accuracy with more quantitative measures. For this reason, and due to the fact that it is not recommended to use the GCS with patients in the chronic phase, we do not directly compare the results of the GCS assessment with the results of the assessment with our HCI method. Besides, these cannot be compared statistically as the magnitudes of the GSC are qualitatively incompatible with the odds-ratio measure. The GCS has a fixed scale with a minimum and maximum values whereas no maximum value can be set for the odds ratios in our approach. High odds ratio values do not determine the significance effect unless p-value is smaller than the significance threshold (p < 0.05 in our study). Hence, the only way to compare the data statistically would be to classify the results as conscious/unconscious and to check if the differences in number of labels among groups is significant. The Fisher's exact test could be used for such a purpose as the scale would be dichotomous. However, such statistics might still be considered inappropriate and would create an impression of replacing the GCS, which was not the goal of this work, and which should not be practiced beyond the acute phase. In conclusion, our HCI system provides an alternative approach to assess the state of consciousness, which can complement the standard clinical methods. We found that the HCI contributed to improved diagnosis accuracy as compared to the currently practiced neurological examinations. The results obtained using the system exposed in another way the shortages of acute phase GCS assessment, reported earlier in the literature (2, 4, 30–32), and the need for complementary quantitative methods for chronically used neurological scales. The emerging technologies for communication between the human brain and the computer will continue to supplement and transform medical practice.
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.
Research was conducted on the basis of 2 Ethics Committee approvals of the Collegium Medicum Ludwika Rydygiera (part of Nicolaus Copernicus University), 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
1. decision No. KB 115/2017 issued on February 2, 2017
2. decision No. KB 56/2018 issued on February 27, 2018
ML developed the software, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. MK edited the manuscript and contributed to data analysis and presentation. AC designed the study and edited the manuscript.
The research was funded by the National Science Centre of Poland on the basis of the decision DEC-2014/15/B/ST7/04724.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The software for research purposes in clinical application was developed by the authors and is not available commercially. Commercially available Tobii gaze tracker was utilized in the system hardware.
We would like to thank Dr. Agnieszka Kwiatkowska for conducting diagnostic and therapeutic sessions with patients of the Epimigren Medical Center and contributing to the clinical aspects of this study.
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14. Bruno MA, Ledoux D, Lambermont B. Comparison of the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness and Glasgow Liege Scale/Glasgow Coma Scale in an intensive care unit population. Neurocrit Care (2011) 15:447–53. doi: 10.1007/s12028-011-9547-2
15. Schnakers C, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Giacino J, Ventura M, Boly M, Majerus S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the vegetative and minimally conscious state: clinical consensus versus standardized neurobehavioral assessment. BMC Neurol. (2009) 9:35. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-9-35
16. Ting WK, Perez Velazquez JL, Cusimano MD. Eye movement measurement in diagnostic assessment of disorders of consciousness. Front Neurol. (2014) 5:137. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00137
17. De Santi L, Lanzafame P, Spano B, D'Aleo G, Bramanti A, Bramanti P, et al. Pursuit ocular movements in multiple sclerosis: a video-based eye-tracking study. Neurol Sci. (2011) 32:67–71. doi: 10.1007/s10072-010-0395-1
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20. Czyzewski A, Kostek B, Kurowski A, Szczuko P, Lech M, Odya P, et al. Multimodal approach for polysensory stimulation and diagnosis of subjects with severe communication disorders. Proc Computer Sci. (2017) 121:238–43. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.033
21. Kurowski A, Odya P, Szczuko P, Lech M, Spaleniak P, Kostek B, et al. Multimodal system for diagnosis and polysensory stimulation of subjects with communication Disorders. In: Kryszkiewicz M, Appice A, Ślȩzak D, Rybinski H, Skowron A, Raś Z, editors. Foundations of Intelligent Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10352, Cham: Springer (2017) p. 47–56.
22. Tobii, Developer Zone,. Introducing the SteelSeries Sentry Eye Tracker. Available online at: https://developer.tobii.com/introducing-steelseries-sentry-eye-tracker/ (Accessed May 30, 2018).
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24. Kalman RE. A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Trans ASME J Basic Eng. (1960) 82:35–45. doi: 10.1115/1.3662552
25. Kerry Louise H, Hepworth LR, Rowe FJ. The treatment methods for post-stroke visual impairment: a systematic review. Brain Behav. (2017) 7:e00682. doi: 10.1002/brb3.682
26. Rowe FJ, Kerry H, Evans JR, Noonan CP, Garcia-Finana M, Dodridge CS, et al. Interventions for eye movement disorders due to acquired brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (2018) 3:CD011290. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011290.pub2
27. Marino S, Bonanno L, Ciurleo R, Baglieri A, Morabito R, Guerrera S, et al. Functional evaluation of awareness in vegetative and minimally conscious state. Open Neuroimag J. (2017) 11:17–25. doi: 10.2174/1874440001711010017
28. Drewes H. Eye Gaze Tracking for Human Computer Interaction. München: Dissertation an der LFE Medien-Informatik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (2010).
29. Jacob RJ. Eye tracking in advanced interface design. In: Barfield W, Furness TA, editors. Virtual Environments and Advanced interface Design. New York, NY: Oxford University Press (1995). p. 258–88.
30. McNett M. A review of the predictive ability of Glasgow Coma Scale scores in head-injured patients. J Neurosci Nurs. (2007) 39:68–75. doi: 10.1097/01376517-200704000-00002
31. Healey M, Jordan F, Pell B, Short C. The research teaching nexus: a case study of students' awareness, experiences and perceptions of research. Innovat Edu Teach Int. (2010) 47:235–46. doi: 10.1080/14703291003718968
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Keywords: consciousness level assessment, gaze tracking, eye movements, awareness, Cyber Eye
Citation: Lech M, Kucewicz MT and Czyżewski A (2019) Human Computer Interface for Tracking Eye Movements Improves Assessment and Diagnosis of Patients With Acquired Brain Injuries. Front. Neurol. 10:6. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00006
Received: 23 August 2018; Accepted: 03 January 2019;
Nicola Smania, University of Verona, Italy
Michelangelo Bartolo, Casa di Cura Habilita SpA, Italy
Paolo Tonin, Sant'Anna Institute, Italy
Copyright © 2019 Lech, Kucewicz and Czyżewski. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Michał Lech, mlech@multimed.org


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Q: Wait a moment befor showing an Intent If you can help me I will be very grateful.
What I want to do is to lunch an intent in the background and show it after 5 seconds.
my code to show Intent is :
Intent intentt = new Intent(Palet_result.this, Rpalet_result.class);
startActivity(intentt);

Thanks a lot.

A: You can use a handler:
    new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable(){
        @Override
        public void run() {
              Intent intent = new Intent(Palet_result.this, Rpalet_result.class);
              startActivity(intent);

        }

   }, 5000);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


He joins Major Equipment from Walter Watson where he was responsible for sales throughout Ireland and the UK. With an eight-year tenure at Walter Watson, Keith is already a familiar face to the Scottish dealer network.
'We're delighted Keith has joined the Major team,' said Eoin Murphy, Major UK general manager.
'He brings a wealth of technical and industry knowledge and we're very much looking forward to working with him.
'The Major product range is impressive with a great reputation for clever design and product reliability – I'm really excited to be a part of the Major team,' said Keith McCormick.
Echo has introduced a new battery-powered mower to its range of grounds care machines.
Muthing has brought a new mower to the UK market, the MU-Collect Vario mulcher, aimed at professional landscapers.


Xiaomi on its crowdfunding platform today announced the launch of a new wireless electric mop. The Xiaomi Electric Mop is made of plastic and thanks to a patented technology it simulates manual cleaning (making translational movements with a frequency of up to 1000 times per minute). Cleaning is done by two modules located in the lower part. Even though the mop is made of plastic, it exceeds conventional mop in strength for 3 times. The mop has a liquid atomizer and besides cleaning, it polishes the floor also.
The Xiaomi Electric Mop handle rotates 90 degrees, which allows cleaning in hard-to-reach places, such as under the furniture. The main panel is equipped with a LED flashlight, now every speck of dust under your control! The noise level of this mop is 68 dB, which is no greater than the volume of a normal conversation.
A battery charge lasts almost an hour of mop operation – equivalent to 4-5 cleaning in an area of 100 meters. The mop comes with a charge indicator, so user is always aware of when you need to recharge the mop. The Xiaomi Electric Mop comes with three types of nozzles: a standard nozzle in which soft and hard fibers alternate, an ecological thin nozzle made of biodegradable materials, and an electrostatic nozzle like a vacuum cleaner. This nozzle attracts dust and hair (good for pet owners). Nozzles will be available separately also.Delivery of Xiaomi Electric Mop will start on July 22.


Healthy Homes, which is funded by Sustainability Victoria, is helping low-income households where people are living with chronic health problems focus on improving the warmth of their home during winter.
The EnergySmart Public Housing Research Program is funded by the Department of Health & Human Services, replacing inefficient electric water heaters, electric heaters and delivering tailored thermal upgrades to 1,500 public housing properties.
Caroline's background is in people and project management in the 'for impact' sectors.
Fill out the form below to email Caroline Armstrong.


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Envelope Converting & Manufacturing
Custom & Specialty Envelopes
Custom Bubble Mailer Envelopes
Bind In Envelopes
Evidence Envelopes
Expansion Envelopes
Interoffice Envelopes
Large Envelopes
Special Stock
Full View Window Envelopes
Digital Envelope Printing
Jet Offset Printing for Envelopes
Web Printing for Envelopes
Flexographic Printing for Envelopes
Web Printing
Bindery & Folding
Happy Birthday to the Envelope
byJerry Velona
From the most recent management briefing of the Envelope Manufacturer's Association:
"The envelope is now 200 years old…According to all sources, the inventor of today's envelope is British paper merchant K.S. Brewer from Brighton. In 1820, he sold the first envelopes. He cut every single envelope using a template and a shoemaker's knife. His envelopes quickly became famous because of their uniform shape and easy handling."
Like all great ideas, it seems so obvious after the fact. But Mr. Brewer figured out that a folded and glued piece of paper was a perfect way to transport other folded pieces of paper. Shortly thereafter the first machines were designed to make it an automated process suitable for mass production.
This caused me to think about how printed communication was transported before the envelope. A quick Google search brought me to an article from the website AtlasObscura.com entitled "Before Envelopes, People Protected Messages with Letter-Locking". Letter-locking was an intricate method involving folds, slits and wax seals to keep "prying eyes" from viewing the contents. Practitioners of this ingenious method included Mary Queen of Scots (who wrote a final, inter-locked letter to her brother before being beheaded for treason in 1587) as well as Galileo, Machiavelli, Marie Antoinette and Boston philanthropist Isabella Gardner. The history of this is fascinating and I encourage you to check out the article.
Despite the disruption of digital technology and an overall decline in use over the past 15 years, the envelope converting industry remains a source for thousands of jobs throughout the US. While a younger demographic relies more on their smart phones for things like bill paying and the financial industry sends more information online than in the mail, direct mail has seen a resurgence due to its effectiveness and proven ROI in relation to digital marketing.
The digital world has created new opportunities for entrepreneurs and small businesses many of which have been of great benefit to the envelope industry. The last 10 years have seen an increase in custom greeting card and announcement companies. And the enormous number of products that are sold from websites are shipped in packaging like bubble envelopes and mailers of the sort that Elite Envelope prints.
My personal feeling is that, like all things, the pendulum will swing back more to the printed page including hand-written letters which are irreplaceable and have lasting value in ways that bits and bytes just don't. Kids will rebel against their parents who will exhort them to just "use their phones" because it's all they've known. I don't expect to see typewriters make a comeback, but the permanence of print will continue to have a substantial place in our culture and across the world.
So, long live the mighty envelope! And here's to the next two hundred years.
P.S. Elite Envelope is in its 17th year of converting and printing envelopes. Several years ago, our story was added to the Smithsonian's National Postal Museum website under America's Mailing Industry category. You can check it out here.
280 Pond Street
Quotes@eliteenvelope.com
8:00 AM - 5:00 PM Monday-Friday
© 2023 Elite Envelope & Graphics, Inc.


No one knows the breast cancer battle quite like someone who has gone through it. These uplifting stories will provide hope, comfort, and encouragement during your own breast cancer journey. Read a few survivor stories. You will go away reassured you are not alone in this fight against breast cancer.
Amy Wedow's metastatic breast cancer journey began in March 2013 with a grain of sand. At least that's how her husband described the lump he found in her breast.
Amy, who was first diagnosed with breast cancer in 2008, was vigilant about getting her annual mammograms and seeing her oncologist for regular checkups. But that granular lump, which felt like it was just under Amy's skin, initially was missed by her doctor.
Melissa Turner: One test. Three genetic markers. A family gets answers.
It was a new millennium. Science and technology were exploding. Screening for the BRCA 1/2 mutation was in its infancy. Melissa Turner, then 43 years old, wanted to be tested to see if she had the BRCA 1/2 mutation, but it largely was not covered by insurance companies, and it was a costly out-of-pocket expense. Nevertheless, Melissa knew she had to find a way.
Michelle Segura began to support Susan G. Komen® Colorado in the Denver Race for the Cure® in 2004, the year her mom was diagnosed with breast cancer. Segura has most of the picture buttons she and her mom have taken throughout the years at Race. The buttons serve as a timeline of sorts of Segura's family life and health.
Rochelle McKenzie wasn't sure how she was going to pay for her cancer treatments last year. A single mom who sold skin care products, Rochelle didn't have health insurance. Times were tight. And she certainly hadn't counted on hearing she had an aggressive form of breast cancer – not at age 30.
Shari Lynch didn't think breast cancer would happen to her. But it did nine years ago. Lynch, who benefited from a Komen® Colorado treatment grant, is doing well today. She recently shared her story with us, and she urges other women to know their bodies and get their mammograms.
For the past seven or eight years, Sheila Niemeier, along with some family and friends, straps on her snowshoes for Komen Colorado's Snowshoe for the Cure held at the Frisco Nordic Center in Frisco.
Komen Colorado recently talked with Snowshoe for the Cure participant Susan Walter. Walter, who spoke with us from her home in Tennessee, is a Snowshoe top fundraiser.


For the most part I try eating healthy, which means I cut down on my sugar and refined oil consumption fairly easily. What I can never bring myself to do, however, is eat more salad. Coming from a kitchen where the base of no meal is complete without sautéing onion and garlic, it is no surprise that salads are rather boring to me.
Hence, I try incorporating my greens in smoothies, wraps, as a side for a brekkie of scrambled eggs or dinner of baked fish. Basically, the idea is to consume greens with foods that make greens irresistable without destroying their nutrient content.
In this post, I am sharing a combination of baked salmon with a corn and peach salad, which is to die for. The whole meal is a blast of flavors packed with tons of nutrition. Also, my god, it looks beautiful on the plate! The colors are just so appetizing together that you would not be able to resist no matter the salad.
So without further ado, follow the recipe below for a tasty and easy weeknight dinner, especially perfect in the summertime.
Meanwhile, marinate the salmon in paprika powder, salt, lemon juice, olive oil, and garlic powder. You could also do this hours or night before preheating the oven for optimum flavor.
Once oven is heated, bake salmon for 8 minutes.
While the salmon bakes, toss the corn in paprika powder and salt.
Add the green mix and chopped corn.
Squeeze some lemon juice on top.
Put it all together on a plate and voila! Time to devour the best dinner salad you will have this summer.


The deadly Feb. 14 shooting in Parkland, Florida, has galvanized a generation of young Americans into political action on the issue of gun control. Now, according to a new survey released on Tuesday, they're more eager than ever to take their animus to the polls.
According to a survey by Everytown for Gun Safety and Giffords, gun violence prevention is the top issue in deciding who to vote for among young people who will be eligible to participate in the 2018 midterms elections.
Additionally, 72% of respondents said that they agreed somewhat or completely with the statement, "If politicians continue to do nothing in the wake of more and more people dying from gun violence, they should not be re-elected." Nearly half said that they would actively work to "un-elect" politicians who oppose stronger gun laws.
On March 24, the "March For Our Lives" rally will see young people in Washington, D.C. and other cities across the country take to the streets to demand that elected officials prioritize gun safety as an issue.
In an interview, Giffords political director Isabelle James said that the energy shown by young people on guns could have political implications even beyond the upcoming 2018 midterm elections.
"I think this is a strong indicator that lawmakers on the wrong side of this issue should be nervous that there could be a spike in turnout among this whole voting block of young people who are newly engaged, and who feel disrespected by the lawmakers who have prioritized special interests over their lives," she said.
Although the poll surveyed young people ages 15 to 30, reducing gun violence is a popular issue among teenaged respondents in particular. Of those surveyed, 60% of 15- to 18-year-olds said that they are "passionate" about reducing gun violence.
"They're demanding stronger gun laws, and politicians who ignore the people's will on gun safety do so at their own risk," Feinblatt said.


Now that you have taken the time to decide what you want in a PC and have gathered all the components, it's time to put it all together. These instructions are geared toward the assembly of the components listed on this web site. Make any changes you need based on your final component list.
Prior To Assembly, it is always a good idea to check the web site of the manufacturer of the motherboard, video card, modem for the latest BIOS and drivers. Just because you have all new components doesn't mean you have the latest drivers.
Unpack all components and record the serial numbers where available.
Insure proper grounding. If a grounding strap is not available, be sure to touch the case before you touch any sensitive component (memory, cpu, m/b).
Replace the ATX I/O plate on the case with the one that came with the M/B. This is needed to allow space for the RJ45 (Internet) connector above the USB connectors.
Verify that all the standoffs in the case are going to align with the holes in the M/B. One standoff will probably need to be added and one removed. Do not leave any standoffs under the M/B that are not filled with screws through the board or you will blow the board.
On a flat surface, install the CPU and fan. Connect the fan power cable to the connector on the M/B. Using this connection will allow you to monitor fan speed.
Connect the cables from the front panel (remember the white wire is "-" in the manual). When inserting the ATX power cable, support the M/B with your finger tips. You do not want to flex the M/B too much.
Install all the drive hardware and install all the drives.
Install all power and control cables to the drives. Remember, the colored end of the HD cable connects to the M/B. Connect the audio cable from the CD-ROM to the M/B.
Install the video card and the modem (if you need a modem).
Connect the monitor, keyboard, mouse and speakers.
You are now ready to check the CMOS settings and install some software.
As you turn on the computer start tapping rapidly and continuously on the Delete key. This should bring you to the Setup Screen.
Bring STANDARD CMOS SETUP and accept the defaults then tap the Esc key.
Go to the IDD HDD AUTO DETECTION page and have your drives determined. If necessary, write down the settings for your drives.
Return to the STANDARD CMOS SETUP page and verify the Primary Master has changed from Auto to User and has the parameters set. If you have only one HD, the Primary Slave and all Secondary drives should have the type "None".
Go to the BIOS FEATURES SETUP page and set your boot sequence. My preferences are A, C, CD-ROM. Choose anything you like but make sure you can boot from the CD-ROM for the Windows installation.
The remainder of the CMOS setup can be accomplished by just following the manual.
After you have saved your changes and as you reboot, keep your finger poised above the Pause key. Look for the CPU type and frequency. You should see the 1700+.
One of the next things you will see on the screen will be the information about Realtek. Unless you want to wake on LAN, ignore this message.
As soon as you see the box come up that gives you the information on your system, tap the Pause key. Here again you are looking for the "Main Processor information". It should read "AMD Athlon ™ XP 1700+. If you do not see this message, then one of your switches on the motherboard is in the wrong position.
Further down and on the right hand side, you should see "Processor Clock Speed 1467 MHz". If that line is not present then one of your switches on the M/B is set incorrectly. If everything went correctly then it is time to install your software.
Install Windows. Windows 2000 will automatically install the network driver.
Using the CD that came with the M/B, install all M/B drivers (4 in 1 and audio) and software.
Install the video card drivers.
Install any necessary modem drivers.
Once this has been accomplished, you are ready to spend your idle hours installing software, working, surfing the 'net and playing games.


READING, MA — The Board of Health has scheduled an emergency meeting for Tuesday, September 18, 2018, at 7:00 PM, at the Parker Middle School for the purpose of developing an action plan with the public to address recent resident complaints of rodent activity. The Board of Health and the Town take this matter very seriously and will work with the community to resolve the issue.
Eliminate Water Sources – Although rodent dependency on water varies with diet and species, water sources should be eliminated. High-protein diets increase a rodent's need for water, but house mice are capable of living with little water. All three species (Norway rat, roof rat, and house mouse), however, are attracted to water when it is available. Natural bodies of water, such as streams, lakes, and ponds excluded.
Standing water – such as buckets, pans, discarded tires, water bowls for pets, window wells of basements, and clogged rain gutters. For indoor inspections, check for water and other consumable liquids that are available overnight in open containers on tables or desks, sinks, cooking pans, and buckets.
Condensate – for example, collection pans under refrigeration or air conditioning units; from dripping or running water from a pipe onto the ground or pavement (or onto a basement floor indoors); or directly from the surface of, or dripping from, cold water pipes indoors.
Leaks – for example, a roof, pipe, or outdoor faucet onto the ground, pavement, or floor (indoors).
Eliminate Food Sources – Proper storage of refuse (also called municipal solid waste or MSW) requires the use of rodent-proof containers of adequate construction, size, and number. Refuse is defined as a mixture of garbage and rubbish. Garbage consists largely of human food waste (organic, putrescible), but it also includes offal, carrion, and animal feces (e.g., dog or horse). Rubbish is considered non-food solid wastes (combustible and noncombustible, non-putrescible) such as metal, glass, furniture, carpeting, paper, and cardboard. Rubbish also includes wood chips and yard wastes.
Eliminate Harborage – such as abandoned vehicles, abandoned appliances, lumber or clutter on the ground. Items left around yards such as old tires, car engines, drums, tree limbs, rubble, doors, mattresses, furniture, or any other large items. Weeds or grass exceeding 12 inches in height, as well as bushes and overgrown shrubbery, provide harborage. Rodents use dilapidated board fences, walls, or concrete slabs (e.g., patio slabs, broken sidewalks) as harborage. In homes, they use structural deficiencies such as crumbling masonry foundations, deteriorated fascia boards at the edge of roofs, and poorly fitted doors with gaps of sufficient size. Pipe and wiring gaps coming from the exterior into the house are also areas rodents gain access for harborage.
The Board of Health will continue to update the public about progress and next steps through the Town's website (ReadingMA.gov), social media, and other means of communication as needed.
* Source – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


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LA school board OKs plan to turn over…
LA school board OKs plan to turn over management of 30 schools
February 23, 2010 at 12:00 a.m.
The Los Angeles school board on Tuesday approved a plan to turn over the operation of 30 campuses to nonprofit educational groups, but most of the groups are led by teachers and administrators already in place.
After a 4 1/2-hour meeting that featured nearly 50 speakers, the board approved most of Superintendent Ramon Cortines' recommendations for 12 of the district's most problematic schools and 18 new ones for the 2010-11 academic year.
The vote represented the first round of Cortines' plan to turn over about a third of the district's schools to nonprofit groups with the goal of boosting student achievement.
The groups were selected from among 85 proposals submitted to the district under the Public School Choice Program adopted last year.
"Today we launch a new era at LAUSD of quality, of leadership and accountability – something that this board had the courage to elevate and make real," said board member Yolie Flores Aguilar, who last year introduced the School Choice Program resolution.
" Today we are no longer the insular institution we once were," she said. "But more important, what today represents is that mediocrity is not OK, and that we place high value first and foremost on quality education for all students."
In most cases, members backed Cortines' recommendations, but at some schools – such as Barack Obama Global Preparatory Academy, Esteban Torres High School and Griffith-Joyner Elementary School – the board selected different operators.
"We need to act now for all our students to succeed," Cortines said at the start of the meeting. "We must ensure our students are successful from pre-K to adult schools."
After several weeks of review, Cortines last week made his recommendations for each of the affected campuses – with the proposed operators including charter school companies; collaborations of parents, teacher and local district administrators; and Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa's Partnership for Los Angeles Schools.
"This has been a process of inclusion, collaboration, transparency and transformation at all levels – within the staff rooms, community centers and living rooms of everyone involved," Cortines said.
The plan to allow outside groups to govern individual campuses angered some education advocates, including the teachers union, United Teachers Los Angeles. On Tuesday, about 200 teachers and parents protested outside the board meeting.
But given the board's approval of the process, UTLA helped some groups of teachers and local school administrators submit management proposals, and those groups make up the bulk of Cortines' recommendations.
UTLA President A.J. Duffy said last week he was pleased that Cortines had recommended that the parent/teacher/administrator teams operate more than three-quarters of the schools up for bid. But he called on the school board to reject the superintendent's recommendation that outside operators, such as charter school companies, be given control of some campuses.
"We want the school board members to review all the teacher/parent plans the superintendent did not recommend," Duffy said. "Local communities wrote plans. Parents made their choice. Both of these should be respected."
The board's vote was preceded by dozens of speakers lobbying for their own particular group. Most were supportive of the concept of allowing different groups to operate schools in hopes of bringing new ideas into the district.
"I always hoped this day would come," teacher Roberta Benjamin told board members.
The school choice program "is the first step to breaking down the wall between charter public schools and non-charter public schools," she said.
Former teacher Yvette King-Berg said that no matter which side you were on, "the bar is being set higher" by allowing outside groups to manage certain campuses.
Former U.S. Rep. Esteban E. Torres, whose name graces an East Los Angeles high school, said the principal goal of the Public School Choice program is to develop the kind of schools "the community wants."
Although there was disagreement among some groups over the operators of particular schools, board member Steven Zimmer said he was impressed with all the proposals that were submitted.
"This is not about politics," he said. "It's not about pressure. It's not about power. It's not about land. It's not about facilities. It's about our children and our families and this could be about hope. Because there was hope in the living rooms and classrooms and community rooms where these plans were being written."


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https://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Orazietti-questions-hiring-of-job-coach-197406.php
Orazietti questions hiring of job coach
By Kate Ramunni, STAFF WRITER
Published 11:11 pm EDT, Thursday, October 29, 2009
SHELTON -- Wednesday night was frustrating for Board of Education member Jim Orazietti.
The meeting, held one week before municipal elections, could have been the last for any of the nine board members. During the meeting, tempers flared when Orazietti first tried to get the board to vote on naming the Shelton High School athletic complex after a former coach and Connecticut Hall of Fame member, and then questioned the hiring of a former administrator for a job-coach position.
Orazietti asked for information about the hiring of a job coach -- the same issue that came up at a prior board meeting when the board rejected hiring a former principal. Apparently that former principal is now doing the job on a temporary basis and will soon be hired permanently, a process Orazietti said was done to postpone the vote on the job until after the Nov. 3 elections.
The board was looking to hire a job coach whose responsibilities include finding employment for special-education students. Administrators chose former Mohegan School principal Bob Nager for the post, but some, including Orazietti, objected because the job was not properly posted.
The job was reposted -- with the added wording that state teaching certification is preferred -- and five candidates were interviewed for the $27-an-hour position. Nager was again chosen, but the board didn`t vote on the appointment Wednesday because they were still negotiating a start date, Supt. of Schools Freeman Burr said.
But because of the immediate need for someone in the position, Nager was hired on a temporary basis and is now working in the position, which led to Orazietti`s charge that the only reason the hiring wasn`t on Wednesday`s agenda was because some are hoping there will be a "substantial change in the board`s makeup" after next week`s election that would eliminate opposition to Nager`s hiring.
Board Chairman Win Oppel said that allegation was "unfair," but did not address it or the issue of Nager`s hiring any further. The job did need to be filled as soon as possible because of the possibility of legal issues that could arise if it remained vacant and the students weren`t provided the services they are eligible for, Oppel said.
Prior to that, Orazietti made a motion to name the SHS athletic complex in honor of former coach Joe Benento. Oppel ruled that motion out of order based on the board`s prior adoption of a new recognition policy that allows only plaques hung in honor of those to be recognized. But Orazietti pointed out that the vote the board took was not on the new recognition policy, but actually on the standing policy because the number identification of the policy was incorrect.
After a 15-minute recess, Oppel conceded that the recognition policy vote was done in error and he would entertain Orazietti`s motion. But moments later, board member Tim Walsh motioned to table it, which the board did, effectively shutting off Orazietti`s efforts.
Board member Francis MacIlvain said he, too, felt frustrated by Wednesday`s events.
"We are just trying to end the cronyism that exists in the Shelton school system," he said. "(The job coach position) was supposed to be so urgent and it`s still not filled, and it seems it was not on the agenda because they are bringing the same person back that was voted down the last time.
"That is typical of what goes on in the system -- the process is circumvented, that`s their way around it," MacIlvain said. "They basically do what they want to do and when the vote doesn`t go in their favor, they find a way around it."


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Q: How to animate a textblock so it appears as though it is bouncing on a surface in XAML or C#? Hello, if this question is not clear or needs any improving/additional information please tell me in the comments.
I'm creating an app and in the game the user of the app gets xp by playing and winning challenges. I am interested in creating a bouncing text animation, here is what I'm wanting:

I heard you can simulate this using BounceEase but I have not found enough information/resources in order to achieve this certain effect.
I hope the information I have given is satisifatory enough in order for you to try to find a solution to this, if not, please tell me.

A: You can use the BounceEasy function to animate the y translation. Check the following demo.
void BounceText(string text, int x, int y)
{
    var tb = new TextBlock
    {
        Text = text,
        RenderTransform = new TranslateTransform(x, y)
    };
    RootCanvas.Children.Add(tb);

    //--x animation 1
    var xAnim = new DoubleAnimation(x, x + 40, new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(.6)));
    Storyboard.SetTarget(xAnim, tb);
    Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(xAnim, new PropertyPath("RenderTransform.X"));

    //--x animation 2
    var xAnim2 = new DoubleAnimation(x + 40, x + 80, new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(.6)))
    {
        BeginTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.6)
    };
    Storyboard.SetTarget(xAnim2, tb);
    Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(xAnim2, new PropertyPath("RenderTransform.X"));

    //--y animation
    var yAnim = new DoubleAnimation(y, y - 40, new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(.3)))
    {
        AutoReverse = true,
        EasingFunction = new BounceEase { EasingMode = EasingMode.EaseIn, Bounces = 0 },
        RepeatBehavior = new RepeatBehavior(2)
    };
    Storyboard.SetTarget(yAnim, tb);
    Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(yAnim, new PropertyPath("RenderTransform.Y"));

    var sb = new Storyboard();
    sb.Children.Add(xAnim);
    sb.Children.Add(yAnim);
    sb.Children.Add(xAnim2); //--add this to animate 2 times

    sb.Begin();
}

Then you can use it like:
BounceText("+2 XP", 80, 80);

You can show the items using a canvas, for example:
...
<Canvas x:Name="RootCanvas"/>
...


text:
A $70 oil floor? Fat chance, but OPEC price plan may be first step
The safe money for oil traders is betting that Venezuela's plan to resurrect OPEC's old price band mechanism, attempting to set a $70 floor for the battered market, will be doomed from the start.
Saudi Arabia, the group's de facto leader, has shown zero interest in returning to a strategy of supporting prices; big producers outside the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, namely Russia, have essentially ruled out cuts. And most analysts say attempting to set a price range is futile, or that the $70 price is unsustainably high, or both.
Yet a handful of experts and observers say the proposal – articulated by former oil minister Rafael Ramirez – may be a catalyst for moving away from OPEC's laissez faire approach to collapsing oil prices, which throttled investment, shredded budgets and left some economies, such as Venezuela's, teetering on the brink.
Even if the idea fails to advance, it could represent the first meaningful step in months toward finding common ground that could help stabilize the oil market.
The plan, to be discussed at an October 21 meeting of technical experts in Vienna, seems simple: progressive production cuts to control prices, with a "first floor" of $70 per barrel and a later target of $100 per barrel, Ramirez explained.
His comments come after months of presidential visits and vague statements by President Nicolas Maduro, most of which has been dismissed as a desperate effort by a precarious leader with little history of petro-diplomacy.
Ramirez, by contrast, was the public face of Venezuela's oil policy for over a decade, working closely and often with Saudi Oil Minister Ali al-Naimi – one of the only remaining OPEC ministers from the previous decade, among the group's most cohesive periods – as oil prices raced from $20 a barrel to nearly $150 and back down again after the financial crisis.
"I think this one might have more substance," said Paul Horsnell, head of Commodities Research from Standard Chartered, who has been writing about oil markets and OPEC for two decades.
"Signing up to a $70-$100 band doesn't seem too difficult for anyone," he said. "As long as there is no automatic mechanism linking the band to output, it seems a very low cost way of expressing solidarity with the aspirations of other members."
Eight non-OPEC countries were invited: Azerbaijan, Brazil, Colombia, Kazakhstan, Norway, Mexico, Oman and Russia, according to Venezuela's oil minister Eulogio Del Pino.
The price band formula has been used before as a way out of crisis. After the late 1990s collapse in prices to $10 a barrel, the group set a band of $22 to $28 a barrel.
It was abandoned in 2005 as soaring demand caused prices to race higher, and the group has never formally set any target or range since then.
Attempts by Venezuela in past years to make OPEC go back to the band system have failed. This year prices are lower, but big producers – including Saudi Arabia and Kuwait – are reluctant to sacrifice again their market share to revive them.
Yet there are other signs that nearly a year of depressed prices, and deep uncertainty over how long sub-$50 a barrel oil may last, is wearing thin.
Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak met with Naimi last week in Istanbul, and has said Russia is ready to meet with OPEC and non-OPEC producers.
In a speech in Kuwait, senior Saudi energy advisor Ibrahim al-Muhanna bemoaned the lack of an "anchor" in the oil market, the absence of which fuelled volatility and depressed investment.
"This is an unnatural situation and it is difficult to see it continuing," Muhanna said, but offered no firm ideas on what might be done to remedy the situation.
A source close to Venezuela's OPEC delegation said it will be almost impossible to make Saudi Arabia and Russia sit at the same table to negotiate a cut given past acrimony over Moscow's failed promises to curb output, but to start with a floor price discussion at a technical level may help toward that goal.
Many analysts said targetting a notional price without any real commitments to production constraints would be a largely meaningless gesture, but others said it could help ease a jittery market and potentially soften the stance of some in OPEC.
"Countries can use the band as a broad reference," said Alvaro Silva, who served as OPEC's general secretary in 2002 and 2003, when the first price band was in effect.
"It worked fine in the past to give the market a price reference and avoid large price oscillations."
Apart from the mechanism itself, it is an open question whether producers would agree that $70 is the right goal. While several members including Iraq and Angola suggested in June that $75 to $80 a barrel was a reasonable area, core Gulf members may worry about losing too much market share at that level.
At that price, US shale oil production would likely come roaring back, according to one veteran analyst. "But set the floor $10 lower and it could work."
Source: Energy Voice
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text:
Home / Daring Raids of World War Two: Heroic Land, Sea and Air Attacks
Pen and Sword Aviation
Daring Raids of World War Two: Heroic Land, Sea and Air Attacks
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Author:Peter Jacobs
Photos:30 black and white images
Publisher:Pen and Sword Aviation
The Second World War saw a host of heroic raids enacted across the various theaters, all delivered valiantly in a variety of ways by British combatants; on land, by sea and from the air. Daring exploits such as the raid on Rommel, the endeavors of the Cockleshell Heroes and the Dam Busters have become legendary in the annals of warfare. All feature here, alongside details of fascinating lesser-known operations.It goes without saying that not all the raids were a success; in fact, some went disastrously wrong but the men who carried them out did so with extreme courage and in the knowledge that they might not return. Here, Peter Jacobs tells the gripping stories of some of the most heroic raids of the entire conflict. These include the disastrous landings at Dieppe; the amphibious assault on the dry dock at St Nazaire (more Victoria Crosses were won during this raid than in any other operation of the war); the airborne assaults on the German radar installation at Bruneval and later on Pegasus Bridge as a prelude to D-Day; and the low-level raid by RAF Mosquitos on the prison at Amiens to release members of the French Resistance.This is an intriguing and insightful historical record of thirty of the most daring and strategic raids of military history and is sure to appeal to all enthusiasts of the genre.


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