text:
own memories and the strategies they employ to overcome the weaknesses. Kalnikaite and Whittaker16 looked at the interplay between organic memory and metamemory in determining when people choose to access digital conversational records, showing that even when a digital record is accurate and complete, users do not rely on it if they feel they can remember the information unaided. The decision to use a digital-memory aid also depends on the efficiency with which a memory aid can be accessed. Indeed, the study found that efficiency of access sometimes overrides accuracy, with subjects being willing to settle for less-than-per-fect accuracy, as long as the method is quick and easy to use.
Lifelogging applications must be better at analyzing these trade-offs. When should people use efficient but fallible organic memory instead of less efficient but potentially more accurate digital records? Rather than seeing lifelogs as replacing memory, system designers would be better off viewing them as working in synergy with organic memory.
Lessons and Research Questions
For lifelogging research, prior work offers four key insights:
Selectivity, not total capture. Rather than unfocused efforts to "capture everything," system designers should channel their efforts more fruitfully by identifying the situations where human memory is poor or targeting the things users most want to remember. These situations are where the systems would provide their greatest utility. Furthermore, people may sometimes want to forget, a view anathema to the lifelogging philosophy.
Cues not capture. System designers must be explicit about the fact that these systems do not "capture experiences" but instead provide cues that might trigger different kinds of memories. This is not a simple matter of infelicity in language, pointing instead to the need to better understand cueing processes to build systems that genuinely support user requirements for memory support.
Memory refers to a complex, multi-fac-
eted set of concepts. There are different
types of memory, and system design-
ers must clarify the aspects of memory
they are targeting (such as recollection,
reminiscence, retrieval, reflection, and
remembering intentions). Greater clar-
ity should produce systems that better
fit their intended purpose and support
the user's relevant cognitive processes.
Unless system designers know precise-
ly what their systems are intended to
do, they can't determine whether their
designs are successful.
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2. bell, g. and gemmell, J. Total Recall: How the E-Memory Revolution Will Change Everything. dutton, new york, 2009.
3. bergman, o., beyth-marom, r., nachmias r., gradovitch, n., and Whittaker s. improved search engines and navigation preference in personal information management. ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems 26, 4 (sept. 2008), 1–24.
4. berry, e., kapur, n., Williams, l., hodges, s., Watson, P., smyth, g., srinivasan, J., smith, r., Wilson, b., and Wood, k. the use of a wearable camera: sensecam as a pictorial diary to improve autobiographical memory in a patient with limbic encephalitis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 17, 4/5 (2007), 582–681.
5. brewer, W. memory for randomly sampled autobiographical events. in Remembering Reconsidered: Ecological and Traditional Approaches to the Study of Memory, u. neisser and e. Winograd, eds. cambridge university Press, cambridge, u.k., 1988, 21–90.
6. brown, a. metacognition, executive control, self-regulation, and other mysterious mechanisms. in Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding, f.e. Weinert and r.h. kluwe, eds. lawrence erlbaum associates, hillsdale, nJ, 1987, 65–116.
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8. conway, m. Autobiographical Memory. open university Press, milton keynes, u.k., 1990.
9. czerwinski, m., gage, d., gemmell, J., marshall, c., Perez-Quinonesis, m., skeels, m., and catarci, t. digital memories in an era of ubiquitous computing and abundant storage. Commun. ACM 49, 1 (Jan. 2006), 44–50.
10. dumais, s., cutrell, e., cadiz, J., Jancke, g., sarin r., and robbins d. stuff i've seen: a system for personal information retrieval and re-use. in Proceedings of the Conference of the Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval (toronto, 2003). acm Press, new york, 2003, 72–79.
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12. gemmell, J., bell, g., and lueder, r. mylifebits: a personal database for everything. Commun. ACM 49, 1 (Jan. 2006), 88–95.
13. harper, r., randall, d., smyth, n., evans, c., heledd, l., and moore, r. the past is a different place: they do things differently there. in Proceedings of the Conference on Designing Interactive Systems. acm Press, new york, 2008, 271–280.
14. hodges, s., Williams, l., berry, e., izadi, s., srinivasan, J., butler, a., smyth, g., kapur, n., and Wood, k. sensecam: a retrospective memory aid. in Proceedings of Ubicomp (orange county, ca, sept.). springer, berlin, 2006, 177–193.
15. hori, t. and aizawa, k. context-based video retrieval system for the lifelog applications. in Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval (berkeley, ca, nov.). acm Press, new york, 2003, 31–38.
16. kalnikaite, v. and Whittaker, s. software or wetware? discovering when and why people use digital prosthetic memory. in Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (san Jose, ca, apr.–may). acm Press, new york, 2007, 71–80.
17. lamming, m., brown, P., carter, k., eldridge, m., flynn, m., louie, g., robinson, P., and sellen, a. the design of a human memory prosthesis. Computer Journal 37, 3 (Jan. 1994), 153–163.
18. mann, s. Wearable computing: a first step toward personal imaging. Computer 30, 2 (feb. 1997), 25–32.
19. Petrelli, d. and Whittaker, s. family memories in the home: contrasting physical and digital mementos. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 14, 2, (feb. 2010), 153–169.
20. richter, h., miller, c., abowd, g., and funk, h. tagging knowledge acquisition to facilitate knowledge traceability. International Journal on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 14, 1 (feb. 2004), 3–19.
21. russell, d.m. and lawrence, s. search everything. in Personal Information Management, W. Jones and J. teevan, eds. university of Washington Press, seattle, 2007.
22. schacter, d. The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. houghton mifflin, new york, 2001.
23. sellen, a., fogg, a., hodges, s., rother, c., and Wood, k. do lifelogging technologies support memory for the past? an experimental study using sensecam. in Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (san Jose, ca, apr.–may). acm Press, new york, 2007, 81–90.
24. sellen, a., louie, g., harris, J., and Wilkins, a. What brings intentions to mind? an in situ study of prospective memory. Memory 5, 4 (July 1997), 483–507.
25. tulving, e. Elements of Episodic Memory. oxford university Press, new york, 1983.
26. vermuri, s., schmandt, c., bender, W., tellex, s., and lassey, b. an audio-based personal memory aid. in Proceedings of Ubicomp (nottingham, u.k., sept.). springer, berlin, 2004, 400–417.
27. Whittaker, s., bergman, o., and clough, P. easy on that trigger dad: a study of long-term family photo retrieval. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 14, 1 (Jan. 2010), 31–43.
28. Whittaker, s., tucker, s., swampillai, k., and laban, r. design and evaluation of systems to support interaction capture and retrieval. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 12, 3 (mar. 2008), 197–221.
Abigail J. Sellen ( asellen@microsoft.com) is a principal researcher at microsoft research in cambridge, u.k., and special Professor of interaction at the university of nottingham, u.k. Steve Whittaker ( whittaker@almaden.ibm.com) is a research scientist at ibm almaden research center, san Jose, ca.


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text:
Turkish firms seek apology from Pak govt as police raid facilities
Lahore [Pakistan], December 24 (ANI): Turkish firms, Albayrak and Ozpak Group has sought an apology from Pakistan after their facilities were raided by riot police.
According to the employees of the companies, the Pakistani riot police raided the six garages of the two companies in Lahore, reported Anadolu Agency.
Both the Turkish firms have now asked for an official apology from Pakistan for being raided by riot police two days ago in Lahore.
Both firms use to provide cleaning services that had a fleet of over 750 vehicles, including garbage removal trucks, lorries and various vehicles.
The company officials stated that they were asked to deliver their cleaning tools to the Lahore administration through pressure and threat before their contracts expire.
Albayrak's Project Coordinator Cagri Ozel told reporters that police entered the workshops forcefully without any legal notice, forced the employees and their managers out on the streets and manhandled them.
Pakistan, which boasts of its friendship with Turkey was caught in a quagmire when the two firms accused its 'bestie' of illegally confiscating their cleaning vehicles before their contract expired.
Ozel said their service contracts expire on December 31, and they did not intend to take part in a new bid.
Earlier, in a joint statement, they termed the incident as "bullying," noting that they invested approximately $150 million in Pakistan since 2012, vowing to initiate legal proceedings,' reported Anadolu Agency.
The Turkish authorities informed that the service contracts of the Turkish companies with Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC) would expire on December 31, 2020.
Moreover, Turkish company officials stated that they had invested approximately USD 150 million since 2012 in a bid to strengthen the bilateral ties between the two nations. (ANI)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'Cleanup' Bill Gets NJ Closer to Legalization and Decriminalization of Cannabis, with Some Changes to Consequences for Youth
PRESS RELEASE – New Jersey Assembly and Senate committees passed legislation Jan. 7, addressing some technical issues and altering youth penalties that were passed in last month's cannabis legalization and decriminalization bills, bringing New Jersey one step closer to legalizing cannabis in practice.
RELATED: New Jersey Lawmakers Propose Fines for Underage Cannabis Use in Adult-Use Legalization Bill
The bill seeks to impose fines and driver's license suspension on cannabis possession and use for youth aged 18-21 and divert youth under 18 pre-booking.
ACLU-NJ Policy Director Sarah Fajardo said, "Cannabis arrests need to end, and they need to end now – we need legalization and decriminalization signed into law immediately. Today's clean-up bill is part of that process, but we need to make sure that we do not lose sight of the ultimate goals of ending cannabis prohibition: to ensure that no one is ensnared unjustly in a criminal legal system marked by inequities, and that includes young people.
"Today's clean-up bill reduces the range of fine amounts for youth aged 18-21 from the originally proposed amount in S21/A21, creates a diversionary program for youth under 18 for cannabis possession.
"It also adds license suspension as a punishment for cannabis use by minors, despite efforts statewide to limit this practice for adults because of its unequal effects and injustices. A license is a necessity to get to work and school for a significant number of New Jerseyans, including those under 21, and disrupting their lives by taking away their opportunities harms everyone.
"Though today's amendments eliminate direct criminal penalties for cannabis, we do know that the inability to pay or fulfill conditions can result in criminal-legal consequences, and that suspending a license can derail a person's life.
"New Jersey's juvenile justice system, as a whole, has undergone major shifts in recognition of the long-term harm it can do to young people, and in recognition of the severe racial disparities that define our youth justice system. We are committed to building on this progress and instituting restorative and innovative approaches to deterring youth use that rely on public health approaches.
"We thank the Legislature for today's amendments to A5211/S3320, and will continue working to reduce the harms of our current cannabis laws to youth across the state. »
Source: One
USDA Issues Final Rule on Hemp


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Categories: Quotes, Words & Writing | Tags: Freedom, healthy, Letting Go, New Beginnings, Rev. Safire Rose | Permalink.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The ultra-high energy cross-section for neutrino deep inelastic
scattering (DIS) has long been of theoretical interest. See,
e.g.\cite{DIS_list}.  The DIS
cross-section contributions due to the $b$-quark to $t$-quark transition and the $s$-quark to $c$-quark transition, mediated by
$W$-boson exchange\cite{bt_list}, may be observable in the IceCube experiment.  With the recently improved  determinations of the
$b$-quark and the $s$-quark parton distributions function (PDFs), single top-quark and single charm-quark
production by neutrinos can be calculated with a high degree of
confidence and this is one objective of our study.

The IceCube experiment has recently reported results from 7 years
of data\cite{Aartsen:2016syr}.
Neutrino events with energies in the
range 240 TeV to 10 PeV are found
at a level that significantly exceeds the
atmospheric neutrino background which is steeply falling with increasing energy. These observations have sparked interest
in possible origins of the high energy events \cite{Anchordoqui:2014etl}, including astrophysics sources, such as AGN and star-burst galaxies \cite{Aartsen:2016ngq}, or
new physics, such as leptoquarks \cite{Barger:2013pla,Dutta:2015dka,Dey:2015eaa}
and the decays of very-long-lived neutral particles associated
with quasi-stable dark matter\cite{Anchordoqui:2015lqa, Feldstein:2013kka, Bai:2016bls, Ahlers:2016abb}.

The Standard Model contributions from the production of
a single top-quark and a single charm-quark  will enhance the
DIS neutrino cross at PeV-energies and thus these contributions are relevant to IceCube observations.  We evaluate their DIS contributions and consider the characteristics of dimuon events associated with the semileptonic decays of the t-quark and c-quark.

We begin with a brief overview of the IceCube experiment and datasets.  IceCube is a 1 km$^3$ photomultiplier-instrumented detector located in the South Pole ice sheet.  The detector measures the total Cherenkov light emission in a high-energy neutrino event. The produced leptons and hadrons contribute to the observed Cherenkov light. The IceTop array of ice tanks on the surface is used to detect and reconstruct air showers; it thereby vetoes the large cosmic muon backgrounds.

There are two classes of events:

1)``Track-like" events are those with a highly energetic muon produced in the interaction of a $\nu_\mu$ within the detector or in the surrounding ice or rock. In addition to rejection of cosmic muon backgrounds by IceTop, the Earth also serves as a filter to eliminate cosmic muon backgrounds.  Muons with arrival directions above 85 degrees in zenith angle must originate from neutrino interactions, even if the muon track originates outside the detector volume.

 2) ``Shower-like" events are those with an electromagnetic shower that is contained in the detector
 but without a muon track. These events are due to $\nu_e$ or $\nu_\tau$ charged-current events , as well as neutral current events.

 The Class 1 track events are up-going in the detector.  They are essentially free of the atmospheric background, but they provide only partial sky coverage. There is a significant loss of the very high energy neutrino flux in the propagation of the neutrinos through the Earth.

The Class 2 shower events are required to have the visible electromagnetic energy confined within the detector volume.  The cosmic muon background is rejected by IceTop.  The Class 2 events have full sky coverage.

The contributions to the atmospheric neutrino flux from pair-production of
charm particles by the strong interaction have been considered \cite{Bhattacharya:2016jce, Halzen:2016thi, Gauld:2015yia, Laha:2016dri}, with the conclusion that this source cannot explain the excess of events observed by IceCube above 30 TeV\cite{Halzen:2016thi}.

In the Class 1 track events, the most probable neutrino
energy cannot be precisely determined because the high-energy muon often passes through
and exits the detector. However, the neutrino direction of the track events
is well determined to less than 0.5 degree.

In the Class 2 shower events, the energy of the incident neutrino is reasonably well determined, while the neutrino direction has large uncertainty (with a median uncertainty of 10 degrees).

Thus, the two Classes of events are complementary in their physics information.  The neutrino flux is steeply falling up to 100 TeV, as expected for neutrinos of atmospheric origin. Above 240 TeV, the neutrino flux has a flatter energy spectrum that is consistent with a $E_\nu^{-2}$ power law,
typical of an astrophysics Fermi acceleration mechanism of cosmic
rays~\cite{Waxman:1998yy}.  Whether there is a maximum energy cut-off of the neutrino flux remains an open question.

The three most energetic shower events have energies of
1.041 PeV, 1.141 PeV and 2.0 PeV, with 15\% energy resolution.
A track event was found with an exceptionally high-energy muon and
$2.6 \pm 0.3$ PeV deposited energy.
These are the highest energy neutrinos ever recorded by any experiment.
The high-energy neutrino flux inferred by IceCube depends on the effective area of the detector, under the assumption that the neutrino inclusive cross-section can be accurately modeled by charged-current and neutral-current DIS on light-quark flavors. Our study evaluates the impact of the $b$-quark to $t$-quark and the $s$-quark to $c$-quark transitions, treating the
$b$-quark as a massless parton in the proton~\cite{CTEQ:2016bdf,Olness:2016cgo} in the 5-flavor formalism.  In addition, we simulate the muon distributions in dimuon events for a further probe of heavy quark contributions.  Our focus is on events in which the deep inelastic interaction on a proton target of a $\nu_\mu$ gives a fast primary muon.

\section{Slow scaling in top-quark production}

In a 4-flavor parton scheme (4FS),
the leading-order (LO) partonic process for the QCD production of a $b$-quark
is  $gluon$ to $b \bar b$ and the top-quark is produced from the b-quark in an overall 2 to 3 particle process.
In the 4FS, the integration over the final-state bottom-quark momenta
leads to logarithmic dependence on $m_b$. In a 5-flavor scheme (5FS),
these logarithms are re-summed to all orders in the strong coupling
into a $b$-quark parton distribution function (PDF).

In the 5FS, the b-quark mass is set to zero, and all collinear
divergences are absorbed into the PDF through mass factorization. The dependence on the b-quark mass is encoded as a boundary condition on the Renormalization Group Equations. In the 5FS, top-production in DIS is a 2 to 2 particle process.  We
adopt the 5FS for our calculations for effectiveness, since either the 4FS or 5FS scheme should give the same cross-section.~\cite{Kilgore:2003hk}
A similar use of the $b$-parton PDF in the calculation of Higgs production at colliders can be found in
~\cite{Kilgore:2003hk,Maltoni:2003pn}.

The leading order Feynman diagram for top-quark production in the 5FS via the
weak charged-current neutrino interaction is shown in
Fig.~1, along with the top-quark decay to a b-quark and a real W-boson.
\begin{figure}

\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{vbf_icecube_top2}
\caption{
Leading order Feynman diagram for neutrino production
of the $t$-quark from the $b$-quark parton in the nucleon,
$\nu b \to \ell t$.
The W-boson decays to a fermion and an anti-fermion}
\label{fig:feynman_diagram}
\end{figure}

The charged current subprocess $\nu b \to \ell t$ gives the deep
inelastic $t$-quark production cross-section.
In the excellent approximation that the quark mixing matrix element $V_{tb}=1$, the differential DIS cross section is given by
\begin{equation}
\frac{d\sigma}{dx dy}=
\frac{G_F^2 (\hat s-m_t^2) m_W^4}{\pi (Q^2+m_W^2)^2} b(x',\mu^2) \ ,
\end{equation}
where the momentum transfer $q=p_\nu-p_\ell$ sets the scale
$Q^2=-q^2>0$. The Bjorken scaling variables are
$x=Q^2/2 p\cdot q$ and $y=p_N\cdot q/m_N$, with
$Q^2 = sxy$;
 $y=(E_\nu-E_\ell)/E_\nu = E_h/E_\nu$ is the fraction of the neutrino energy that is transferred to hadrons. The CM energy squared of $\nu N$ scattering is $s=2m_NE_\nu$, neglecting the small $m_N^2$ contribution.
From kinematics, the fractional momentum of the $b$-parton is
$x'=x+{m_t^2/ys}$.
The subprocess CM energy squared is $\hat s=(p_\nu+p_b)^2=x' s$.
The domains of the $x,y$ variables are
\begin{equation}
m_t^2/s < y < 1 \  {\ \rm and \ } 0<x<1-\fr{m_t^2}{sy} \ .
\end{equation}
Note that $b(x',\mu^2)$
is evaluated at the slow scaling variable,
i.e. $x'$.

After variable substitutions, we also obtain the formula
\begin{equation}
\frac{d\sigma}{dx dy}=
\frac{G_F^2 (2 m_N E_\nu x + m_t^2/y -m_t^2) m_W^4}
{\pi (m_W^2+2 m_N E_\nu xy)^2}
b(x+\fr{m_t^2}{sy},\mu^2) \ , \end{equation}
with $y(1-x)>m_t^2/s$. Note that the numerator factor
$(xs + m_t^2/y -m_t^2) \longrightarrow xs$
when $\hat s \gg m_t^2$, and thus
$xb(x)$ is obtained in Eq. (3) well above threshold.
A similar formula applies to the anti-neutrino case.
In our calculations we take $m_t$ for both factorization and renormalization scales, as found in other applications to reproduce NLO and NNLO results in a LO calulation\cite{Kilgore:2003hk,Maltoni:2003pn}

\medskip
\section{Cross sections and $y$-distributions}
\label{sect:Cross sections and y-distributions}

The calculated neutrino DIS charged-current cross sections are shown in Fig.~2
versus the neutrino energy. The upper curve is the result for 4 light parton flavors $(u,d,s,c)$; NLO QCD corrections\cite{Dobrescu:2003de} are found to be -1\% of the LO result at all energies and thus are insignificant.  However, the calculated DIS cross sections are subject to possible overall uncertainties associated with the PDFs, but again these will be independent of neutrino energy. The lower curve  in Fig.~2 is the contribution from top-quark production. Above 10 PeV the top-quark cross section approaches 5 percent of the usual CC result.  The middle curve is the contribution from of c-quark production from the s-quark.  Single charm production is about 25 percent of the total DIS.  The weak production of the charm quark from the strange quark in the proton has a low neutrino energy threshold and the energy dependence is quite unlike the steep rise with energy of top quark production.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{Fig2_sig_vs_E_sc}
\caption{Deep-inelastic $\nu_\mu$ cross-section for charged-current scattering on a proton target. The upper curve is the standard result for $u, d, s, c$ partons. The middle curve shows the cross-section from the $s$-quark to $c$-quark process. The bottom curve is the DIS contribution from scattering on the $b$-quark parton to produce the $t$-quark reaction.
}
\label{fig:total_cross_section}
\end{figure}

Physics with a high threshold energy, like the top, will first
become evident at low $x$ and high $y$. The distributions in the scaling
variable $y = 1 - E_\mu/E_\nu$ are shown in Fig. 3a, for three choices
of neutrino energy:
0.1 PeV (close to the threshold for top production), 1 PeV (an energy for which the background from atmospheric neutrinos is negligible) and 10 PeV (where the $y$-distribution for top production approaches the shape of the usual result of 4-quark flavors). The $y$-distribution at 0.1 PeV clearly exhibits the kinematic suppression from the top-quark threshold.

The theoretical  distribution in the $y$ variable from scattering on light partons has been used by the IceCube collaboration in estimating the neutrino energy of through-going muon events from the Cherenkov light. Figure 3b compares the average-$y$ values, $\langle y\rangle$, for production from 4-quark flavors with that from top-production. There are substantial differences in $\langle y\rangle$ for neutrino energies of 1-10 PeV. Thus, since $E_\nu$ = $E_{\rm hadron}/y,$ a  higher neutrino energy would be inferred for an event assuming production from light partons then would be the case  if it is a top-quark event. However, the importance of this effect should be modest, since the top cross section at a neutrino energy of 1 PeV is only at the 5 percent level.  At the highest energies in Fig. 3b, the 4-flavor and $t$-quark results for
$\langle y \rangle$ are converging, since sea quarks then dominate the cross
sections. We note that the trend towards smaller $y$ with increasing
energy, for both the usual CC and $t$-quark cross-sections, is a
consequence of the the $Q^2$ dependence of the $W$-propagator, which
suppresses high-$y$ contributions.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fig3a_dsdy.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fig3b_averagey_vs_E.pdf}
\caption{
(a) Distributions versus the scaling variable $y = 1 - E_\ell/E_\nu$ in
charged-current neutrino deep-inelastic scattering, at neutrino
energies of 0.1, 1, and 10 PeV; the distributions are normalized to unity to facilitate
comparison of the shapes; (b) Average $y$ versus neutrino energy for
scattering on $u, d, s$ and $c$ (dashed curve) and for scattering on the
$b$-quark parton to produce the $t$-quark (solid curve).}
\label{fig:invariables}
\end{figure}
\medskip

\section{Dimuon events}
\label{sect:Dimuon events}

In addition to a primary muon in the DIS of $\nu_\mu$s, the decays of a top quark into $B$-mesons  or a charm quark into $D$-mesons will lead to additional muons in about 10 percent of heavy quark events.  In the following we label the most energetic muon in an event as $\mu_1$, which mostly will be the primary muon from the neutrino production vertex and that of the second most energetic muon as $\mu_2$, which will mostly be the muon from the decay of the heavy quark.

 At high neutrino energies, $\mu_2$ will typically also have moderately high energy due to the large Lorentz boost from the center-of-mass frame to the laboratory frame.  We simulate the predicted kinematic distributions of these muons from heavy quark decays using MadGraph5~\cite{Alwall:2014hca}
 for the production cross sections and PYTHIA6~\cite{PYTHIA6} for the hadronizations into $B$ and $D$ mesons as well as their decays.  Top quarks decay before hadronization, so we include the spin correlations of production and decay in that case.

The muon transverse momentum and energy distributions are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:muon_pt_ene} and the angular separations of the two leading (in energy) muons are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:angular_separations}, at an incoming neutrino energy of 1 PeV. In each figure,  $\nu b$ represents a $b$ to $t$ conversion, $\nu s$ represents $s$ to $c$ conversion, etc.   All muons in the final state, both from the neutrino-vertex and those from a real $W$-boson, when present, as well as the $B, D$ decays, are included. The muons from decays of the longer lived pions and kaons are not included as they will lose energy quickly and range out during their propagation in the ice or rock.

The radiation of a W or Z boson, from internal and external particles of the lowest order weak processes, are also a potential source of multi-lepton events when the W or Z decay to muons (or the W and Z decay to c and b quarks that subsequently decay to muons). We have calculated these contributions to dimuon events and found that they are about an order of magnitude smaller than dimuons from top production, at neutrino energies above 1 PeV; these contributions are about equal to the top contribution at a neutrino energy of 0.3 PeV, due to the kinematic suppression of top production near its threshold.

The corresponding distributions from $\nu_e$ DIS are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:muon_pt_ene} as a useful comparison.  $\mu_1$ of an $\nu_e$ event has the energy distribution of  $\mu_2$ in a $\nu_\mu$ event.  The energy of the fastest muon is required to exceed 0.5 PeV in these plots.  For $\nu_e$ DIS, 46 percent of b to t events and 11 percent of s to c events satisfy this energy requirement.

The observation of an energetic $\mu_2$ will signal a heavy quark event.  The charm contribution dominates over top by about a factor of 10 for a 1 PeV primary neutrino energy, so disentangling the top signal from energy distributions alone would be challenging, but the angular separation of the two muons is more favorable, as discussed below. The proposed Generation 2 expansion of the IceCube detector will provide  a factor of 10 increase in events, along with sensitivity to higher neutrino energies, which may make a partial distinction possible of the top and charm dimuon signals.

Due to the very small deflection angle of a primary muon from the neutrino direction, the $P_T$
of $\mu_2$ with respect to the neutrino is essentially the same as relative to the $\mu_1$ direction.
In $\nu_e$ events, both muons originate from the hadron vertex and consequently the $P_T$ distribution is much softer, as can be seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:muon_pt_ene} .

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muon_pt_1PeV}
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muon_ene_1PeV}
\caption{Muon $P_T$ and energy distributions for incoming neutrino energy at 1 PeV. The labels of the curves denote the type of neutrino and the target sea-type quark. The highest energy muon in an event is required to have energy greater than 0.5 PeV.}
\label{fig:muon_pt_ene}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{dimuon_angle_1PeV_SecondaryMuon_500}
\caption{Angular separation between the leading dimuons. A minimum energy requirement of 500 GeV is imposed on the second most energetic muon ($\mu_2$).  Each curve is normalized to the fraction of the scattering cross-section that yields at least two muons with a $\mu_2$ energy above 500 GeV.
Colors and labels are the same as in Fig.~\ref{fig:muon_pt_ene}
}
\label{fig:angular_separations}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{dimuon_angle_cut}
\caption{Cross-section of channels that produce muon pairs with angular separation greater than 0.3$~^\circ$. Muon energies are required to be greater than the IceCube threshold of 70 GeV. The inclusive branchings of $W, Z$ into muons are included in each channel.}
\label{fig:xsec_after_ang_cut}
\end{figure}

The angular separation between $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$ is typically small, due to the high Lorentz boosts, yet some events will have an angular separation as large as  $1$ $\deg$, as shown in Fig~\ref{fig:angular_separations}.  The $\mu_2$ from top production is more likely to lead to a larger angular di-muon separation than is the case for charm.

When the two muons originate in the rock or ice prior to reaching the detector, the spatial separation of their tracks within the detection may be resolved.
IceCube can distinguish the tracks of two muons when their opening angle is greater than 0.28 deg (0.005 rad): see Fig.~2 of Ref.~\cite{Aartsen:2016syr}. With an angular separation cut $>$ 0.3 deg imposed, the dimuon cross-section from charm is about 0.2 pb, for neutrino energies between 10 TeV and 1 PeV,
as shown in Fig.~6.
For 2 muons that are separated by less than 0.3 deg, the energy inferred from the emitted light will exceed that from the primary muon.
A full detector simulation is necessary to properly judge the ability of IceCube to distinguish the tracks of the two muons.

Also, trimuon events can arise from $\nu_\mu$ production of the top quark and its decays to $W$ plus a $b$-quark (with the probability increasing from
9\%  at $E_\nu\sim$PeV  to 12\% in the high $E_\nu$ limit), with a primary muon from the neutrino vertex, a muon from leptonic $W$-decay and the third muon from $B$-decay; such an event is rare (of order 10$^{-2}$) but nearly background free. In trimuon events, the higher order electroweak contributions are about an order magnitude below the trimuon contribution from top production, for neutrino energies above 1 PeV.  Serendipitous discovery of the trilepton signature of top production is possible if close-by muon tracks can be distinguished.

\medskip

\section{Summary}
\label{sect:Summary}

Weak production of the top-quark gives an increase of order 5 percent in the neutrino deep inelastic scattering cross section at PeV energies, with a sharp threshold rise.  Single charm production contributes about 25 percent. With semileptonic decays, both give rise to di-muon events with distinctive kinematic characteristics.  The tracks of the two muons may be separated by up to one degree in the IceCube detector.  The top quark gives a unique and background free, but rare, three muon signal.  The discovery of energetic multi-muon events by IceCube will be a physics tour de force of great interest.

\medskip
\section{Acknowledgements}

VB thanks Fred Olness for illuminating discussions about the $b$-quark PDF and Francis Halzen for discussions about IceCube capabilities.
This work is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
under grants DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE-FG-02-12ER41811.
YG thanks the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy (MIFPA)
and Wayne State University for support.

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Rum and reggae fans can gather to taste and celebrate a festival of their favourite drink and music. This event takes place on 2 February 2019, at Cheltenham Town Hall.
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With this title you will look at some examples of architecture from different periods in history. Learn more about digital imaging by watching a graphic designer at work on her computer, combining elements of photography, painting and digital technology.
The Art of Architecture. Learn about The Art of Architecture and Digital Imaging. The concepts of line, color, light, shape, perspective, landscape, portraiture, architecture, ceramics, printmaking, and digital art are discussed.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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In the past 12 months, 53% of Americans ages 16 and older visited a library or bookmobile; 25% visited a library website; and 13% used a handheld device such as a smartphone or tablet computer to access a library website. All told, 59% of Americans ages 16 and older had at least one of those kinds of interactions with their public library in the past 12 months.
In our national survey, we asked respondents about their general library patronage—if they had experiences with libraries in childhood, how often they visit libraries or library websites, and what sort of experiences they have had in these visits. We also asked people how important libraries are, not only to them and their family, but also to their community as a whole.
One theme that emerged in our qualitative work was that library staff members frequently told us that they were eager to build connections with younger patrons, but often have difficulty maintaining these connections as they age. While we did not see many significant differences in younger Americans' overall library usage, some aspects of our quantitative findings do parallel these impressions. We found, for instance, that among recent library users ages 18-24, 36% say their use has decreased within the past five years; almost a third (27%) of those in their later twenties say this as well. And even though 16-17 year-olds rival 30-49 year olds as the age groups most likely to have used a library in the past year, they are less likely to say that libraries are important to them and their families. Parents and adults in their thirties and forties, on the other hand, are more likely to say they value libraries, and are more likely than other Americans to use many library services.
Our survey showed that 77% of Americans ages 16 and older say they remember someone else in their family using public libraries as they were growing up, but a fifth (20%) say that no one in their family used the library.
Adults in their later twenties (ages 25-29) were significantly more likely than most other age groups to say that they recalled family members using the library when they were growing up (88%), as shown in the following chart; adults ages 65 and older were the least likely to say this (68%).
Although many activities at libraries do not always require a library card, many others—such as borrowing books—usually do. Currently, 63% of all Americans ages 16 and older say they have a library card, including 65% of those under age 30. Looking at teens and young adults, we find little variation between the younger age groups; 18-24 year-olds (63%) and 25-29 year-olds (65%) are as likely to own a library card as 16-17 year-olds (70%).
When we asked about Americans' own personal use of public libraries, we found that 84% of Americans ages 16 and older have ever visited a library or bookmobile in person, including 86% of those ages 16-29. Older Americans are less likely than those under age 50 to have visited a library, particularly those ages 65 and older.
About 64% of Americans who had ever visited a public library say they had visited a public library or bookmobile in person in the past twelve months (including 67% of those ages 16-29). This means that 53% of all Americans ages 16 and older, and 58% of those ages 16-29, visited a public library or bookmobile in person in the past year.
The following chart shows how frequently Americans in different age groups visit a library or bookmobile in person, from those who visit a library at least once a week to those who have not visited a library within the past 12 months.
Overall, 80% of Americans say that it is "very important" to the community for libraries to have librarians available to help people find information they need, including 80% of those under age 30.
About half (50%) of those who visited a library in the past 12 months say they visit to get help from a librarian. Some 40% of library users under age 30 say they have done this in the past year, making them significantly less likely than those ages 30 and older (53%) to say so.
Asked how helpful library staffers are in general, 81% of those who had visited a library in the past 12 months say librarians are "very helpful," 17% say "somewhat helpful," 1% say "not too helpful" and another 1% say "not at all helpful." Library visitors under age 30 are significantly less likely than older library visitors to say that library staff are "very helpful" (71% vs. 85%).
In all, we find that 39% of Americans ages 16 and older have gone to a library website at one time or another. Some 48% of those ages 16-29 have used library websites, compared with 36% of those ages 30 and older. Among those website users, 64% visited a library site in the previous 12 months. This means that 25% of all Americans ages 16 and older visited a library website in the past year, including 28% of those ages 16-29 and 24% of those ages 30 and older.
Additionally, 13% of those ages 16 and older have visited library websites or otherwise accessed library services by mobile device, including 18% of those under age 30.13 Americans ages 18-49 are significantly more likely than older adults to have access a library website or services by mobile device.
We also asked recent library users about their own use of libraries has changed, if at all, over the last five years. "Recent library users" here are those who those who either visited a public library in person in the past 12 months, have gone on a public library website in the past 12 months, or have used a cell phone, e-reader or tablet to visit a public library website or access public library resources in the past 12 months. They amount to 59% of those who are ages 16 and older in the general population.
26% of recent library users say their own use of local libraries has increased in the past five years, including 22% of those under age 30.
22% say their use has decreased. This includes 30% of those under age 30, making them significantly more likely to say this than adults ages 30 and older (19%).
52% say their use has stayed the same during that time period, including 47% of those under age 30.
Among recent library users, college-aged adults ages 18-24 are significantly more likely than older adults to say that their library use has decreased in the past five years; adults in their thirties and forties are generally most likely to say that their library use has increased in that time period.
We also asked those whose use has either increased or decreased why their library use has changed. The sample size was not large enough to break out reasons by age group, although some of the answers from younger users about increased use included the need to take children or other family members to the library, using the library for research, and becoming a student. Some of the answers about why younger patrons library use decreased included being too busy and finding online resources to be more convenient.
Among all Americans ages 16 and older who had ever used a public library, almost all respondents say that their experiences using public libraries are either very positive (57%) or mostly positive (41%); only about 1% say their experiences had been mostly negative.
While younger respondents also report overall positive experiences, the youngest respondents (those ages 16-17 and 18-24) are significantly less likely than older library users to report "very positive" experiences—although only 2% report mostly negative experiences overall.
One section of our survey asked respondents directly about the importance of public libraries. We found that while a majority of Americans say that libraries say libraries are important to them personally, the vast majority of respondents in every age group say that libraries are important to their communities as a whole.
Just 18% of 16-17 year-olds say that libraries are "very important" to them and their families, though they are among the heaviest users of libraries. Instead, Americans ages 16-17 are more likely to say that libraries are "somewhat important" (47%) or "not too important" (21%) to them and their families.
And when asked about the importance of public libraries to their community, at least nine in ten Americans ages 16 and older (91%) say they considered the library either "very important" (63%) or "somewhat important" (28%) to their community as a whole.
While a strong majority of all groups considered libraries important to their communities, adults ages 25 and older are more likely to consider the library "very important" to their community than younger respondents ages 16-24.
About one in five Americans ages 16 and older (22%) feel they are aware of "all or most" of the services and programs their public library offers, including 23% of those under age 30.
46% of Americans feel they just know of "some" of what their library offers, including 40% of those under age 30.
20% of Americans say they know "not much" about services offered by their library, including 26% of those under age 30.
11% of Americans say they know "nothing at all" about what is available at their library, including 11% of those under age 30.
While there were few dramatic differences between age groups, younger respondents ages 16-17 (30%) and 18-24 (26%) were significantly more likely than most older age groups to say that they know "not much" about what different services and programs their public library offers. The chart below breaks down these findings further by age group.


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/// Use a blur effect that is suitable for composes well with dark colors, like in the demo app.
/// Use a blur effect that's tinted even lighter than the lightBlur style.
Use a blur effect that composes well with light colors, like plain UIKit bars.
Use a blur effect that is suitable for composes well with dark colors, like in the demo app.
Use a blur effect that's tinted even lighter than the lightBlur style.


This report allows you to examine and break down values in issue work logs in a table-based format.
The default configuration, with Issue and Work Logged By selected for Segment By, will show a table-based breakdown of each issue that was worked, as well as the quantity of hours that was logged by each user, for each interval in the time period. Adding more segmentations will show extra detail about each issue worked.
If you remove the default Issue segmentation, you will be able to see aggregate-level information about work performed during that period, and adding additional segmentations will allow you to roll up the worklog data by user-defined criteria (but still on a user-by-user basis).
Lastly, removing both the default Work Logged By segmentation and the Issue segmentation will produce a purely-aggregate summary of worklog data.
Run an Issues Work Log report. Remove all of the default segmentations and add a segmentation of "Resolution". The resulting table will show the amount of work performed over the period, separated into resolution-specific buckets of time.


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Barbacoa is a Mexican dish of slow cooked, spicy and tangy meat, often shredded and served as tacos. Our recipe uses beef but you can substitute this with pork if you prefer.
Place the chipotle paste, coriander, red onion, garlic, cloves, salt, lime juice, and cider vinegar in a food processor and pulse until combined.
Add to a removable slow cooker bowl and place the brisket on top of this mixture. Add the stock and the bay leaves. Use tongs to turn the meat a few times in the sauce.
Put the lid on the slow cooker. Cook until the meat shreds easily with 2 forks, 8 to 10 hours on Low or around 6 hours on High.
Delicious served as tacos with salsa, coriander, sour cream and onions.
This recipe is courtesy of Crock-Pot.


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HOUMA � Officials won�t predict how many Terrebonne and Lafourche voters will head to the polls Saturday. But if early-voting numbers are an indication, turnout could be larger than usual.
HOUMA � Local election officials won�t predict how many Terrebonne and Lafourche voters will head to the polls Saturday to cast ballots in the state Senate runoff.
But if early-voting numbers are an indication, turnout could be larger than usual.
Voters will decide who will represent District 20, which covers central and southern Lafourche and Terrebonne parishes, including most of Houma.
Early voting for the runoff ended Saturday and drew hundreds more voters than the early voting period for the three-man race held Aug. 1.
Candidates in Saturday�s runoff are Republican Brent Callais of Cut Off and Democrat Norby Chabert of Houma. The two edged out state Rep. Damon Baldone, D-Houma, in the primary.
In both parishes, a combined 582 more ballots were cast in early voting for the runoff compared to early voting prior to the primary.
In Terrebonne, 466 voters cast early ballots in the primary compared to 687 in the runoff, election officials said.
In Lafourche, early voters increased from 420 in the primary to 781 for the runoff, said Lafourche Clerk of Court Vernon Rodrigue.
Turnout for the primary was 20 percent in Terrebonne, where 39,231 voters were eligible to vote in the election, and 19 percent in Lafourche, where 28,695 voters were eligible.
Local election officials, however, caution that runoff elections typically have a lower turnout than primaries.
�It probably could increase, but historically I�ve never seen it increase, ever,� Rodrigue said.
Turnout can decrease because supporters of losing candidates, in this case Baldone, lose interest in the race, Lafourche Registrar of Voters Sterling Diaz said.
Baldone has not endorsed either runoff candidate.
This election in particular, called to replace Reggie Dupre when he resigned to take over as head of the Terrebonne Levee District, could draw fewer voters because there�s less time to campaign and mobilize voters.
Prior to 2006, early voting was called absentee voting and was intended to accommodate voters who anticipated being away from their home parish or hospitalized on election day. To vote early, voters had to sign an affidavit. Since early 2006, however, it�s been called early voting and is open to all eligible voters regardless of the reason, Terrebonne Registrar Linda Rodrigue said.
Though officials declined to estimate turnout, they encouraged the nearly 68,000 eligible voters to cast ballots in the elections.
Polls will be open from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Saturday. Check your voter-identification card to determine which Senate district you live in and where to vote. If you don�t have your card, you can access the information online at www.geauxvote.com or contact your local registrar�s office.
Call Thibodaux at 447-3256, Cut Off, at 632-5520 or Houma at 873-6533.


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What about your digital presence, are you in control of your internet-facing websites and API's ?
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Amazon S3, Box, Azure, Office 365– critical data extends outside your infrastructure in your cloud applications.
In addition to external scanning, UpGuard scans your cloud apps from the inside to continuously validate security configurations.
The network layer separates your business from the internet at large, is critical to availability, and is prone to misconfigurations.
UpGuard automates the creation of custom tests from discovered configurations, testing what matters to you.
Differences in the configuration of applications like Websphere, IIS, and Apache introduce subtle but costly failures.
UpGuard's patented method for detecting and visualizing differences in configuration state gives the visibility you need.
Security and Compliance teams need to increase automation and support new technologies as software delivery accelerates.
UpGuard validates your infrastructure on premises or in the cloud, on VMs, containers, serverless services, and more.
Prevent data breaches and protect your customers' trust.


text:
Q: Какая буква по счёту в массиве Есть массив из букв
     string[] endtext2 = new string[] { "а", "б", "в",
 "г", "д", "е", "ё", "ж",
"з", "и", "й", "к", "л", "м", "н", "о", "п", "р", "с",
"т", "у", "ф", "х",
 "ц", "ч", "ш", "щ", "ъ", "ы", "ь", "э", "ю", "я","a","b","c","d","i","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t" ,"u","v","w","x","y","z"};

Есть к примеру буква у как узнать какая по счёту она в массиве
A: Всё просто.
В общем случае вам поможет функция IndexOf:
char[] endtext2 = new char[]
    { 'а', 'б', 'в', 'г', 'д', 'е', 'ё', 'ж', 'з', 'и', 'й', 'к', 'л',
      'м', 'н', 'о', 'п', 'р', 'с', 'т', 'у', 'ф', 'х', 'ц', 'ч', 'ш',
      'щ', 'ъ', 'ы', 'ь', 'э', 'ю', 'я',
      'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', // наверное, тут была опечатка, да?
      'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r',
      's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' };
char c = ...;
int idx = Array.IndexOf(endtext2, c);
if (idx != -1) // допустим, что наш массив индексируется от нуля, как
{              // и все уважающие себя массивы
    // found at index idx
}

Можно ещё извратиться и использовать то, что буквы идут почти подряд, а с правильной локалью — точно подряд (http://ideone.com/SqCPPZ):
CultureInfo ics = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
CultureInfo rcs = new CultureInfo("ru-RU");

int findIdx(char c)
{
    string cs = c.ToString(ics);
    if (string.Compare(cs, "а", false, rcs) >= 0 &&
        string.Compare(cs, "я", false, rcs) <= 0)
    {
        // русская буква
        // выясним, где она относительно ё
        int compareToJo = string.Compare(cs, "ё", false, rcs);
        if (compareToJo < 0)
            return (int)c - (int)'а';
        else if (compareToJo > 0)
            return (int)c - (int)'а' + 1;
        else
            return 6; // номер ё в списке
    }

    if (string.Compare(cs, "a", false, ics) >= 0 &&
        string.Compare(cs, "z", false, ics) <= 0)
    {
        return (int)c - (int)'a' + 33;
    }

    return -1;
}

Но это вряд ли эффективнее простого поиска по таблице, как в первом варианте.


HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is to change the way both new and existing employee share schemes are administered.
In its Finance Bill 2014 new guidance notes, published on 7 February, HMRC detailed its new self-certification and online filing process, which follows recommendations made by the Office of Tax Simplification in March 2013.
From 6 April 2014, employers will be required to register online any new plans, both tax advantaged and non-tax advantaged, and self-certify that any tax-advantaged plans are compliant with the legislation.
Employers must also register and self-certify all existing plans by 7 July 2015, whether they will make any awards under an existing plan in the tax year 2014-15 or not.
The new process will be part of HMRC's Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE) Online for employers' service.
Anne Croft, employee share plan and employment tax lawyer at Tapestry, said: "The aim of these reforms is to simplify the process for employers when creating new share plans or amending existing ones, to speed up the grant process and to simplify annual reporting in relation to those plans.


INJAZ was established in 1999 as a project under the USAID-funded organization, Save the Children. In 2001, it was re-launched as an independent, non-profit, Jordanian organization under the patronage of Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah with the mission of inspiring and preparing youth to become productive members of their society and accelerate the development of the national economy.
To inspire and prepare youth to become productive members of the society and to accelerate the development of the national economy.
Injaz aspires to be a recognizable force in the development of Jordan's youth aiming to prepare generations that are capable of demonstrating the highest levels of success so that one day they may in turn invest in the nation.
Financial Literacy Programs: INJAZ offers several courses aiming to increase students' financial literacy and introduce them to basic financial management elements.
Work Readiness and Life Skills Programs: INJAZ offers several courses aiming to prepare students for the job market and empower them with various life skills.
Business Entrepreneurship Programs: Through the implementation of certain programs, INJAZ seeks to plant the seeds of entrepreneurship and promote it among the youth to encourage self-employment and the creation of more jobs for the youth, by the youth.
Social Leadership Programs: INJAZ aims to promote a sense of social responsibility encouraging students to embark on constructive initiatives through its programs focusing on building leadership skills and increasing their sense of responsibility, belonging, and good citizenship.
Career Guidance Programs: INJAZ offers several programs aiming to raise awareness on the different career options available to prepare the youth for the job market and motivate them to choose the future career that best suits their interests and capacities.
Inspirational Programs: INJAZ offers several programs aiming to inspire the youth motivating them to aim high through exposing them to successful role models in society and involving them in activities which instill a can-do attitude among the students.
School Adoption Program: The School Adoption Program (SAP) is a national program launched under the Patronage of HM Queen Rania Al-Abdullah in May 2006, initiated and implemented by INJAZ and its two strategic partners; the Ministry of Education (MoE) and the Private Sector. The SAP overall goal is to develop the Jordanian educational sector, and help create a new 'culture' of corporate social responsibility in which the private sector plays a major and direct role in the development of the education system.
occasional email news & updates.
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com.amazonaws.services.glacier.model

Class AbortMultipartUploadRequest

java.lang.Object
  com.amazonaws.AmazonWebServiceRequest
      com.amazonaws.services.glacier.model.AbortMultipartUploadRequest

All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable

public class AbortMultipartUploadRequest
extends AmazonWebServiceRequest
implements Serializable

Container for the parameters to the AbortMultipartUpload operation.

 This operation aborts a multipart upload identified by the upload ID.

 After the Abort Multipart Upload request succeeds, you cannot upload any more parts to the multipart upload or complete the multipart upload. Aborting
 a completed upload fails. However, aborting an already-aborted upload will succeed, for a short time. For more information about uploading a part and
 completing a multipart upload, see UploadPart and CompleteMultipartUpload.

 This operation is idempotent.

 An AWS account has full permission to perform all operations (actions). However, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) users don't have any
 permissions by default. You must grant them explicit permission to perform specific actions. For more information, see  Access Control Using AWS Identity and Access
 Management (IAM)  .

 For conceptual information and underlying REST API, go to  Working with Archives in Amazon Glacier  and  Abort Multipart Upload  in the Amazon
 Glacier Developer Guide .

See Also:
AmazonGlacier.abortMultipartUpload(AbortMultipartUploadRequest),
Serialized Form

Constructor Summary

AbortMultipartUploadRequest()

          Default constructor for a new AbortMultipartUploadRequest object.

AbortMultipartUploadRequest(String vaultName,
                            String uploadId)

          Constructs a new AbortMultipartUploadRequest object.

AbortMultipartUploadRequest(String accountId,
                            String vaultName,
                            String uploadId)

          Constructs a new AbortMultipartUploadRequest object.

Method Summary

 boolean
equals(Object obj)

 String
getAccountId()

          The AccountId is the AWS Account ID.

 String
getUploadId()

          The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

 String
getVaultName()

          The name of the vault.

 int
hashCode()

 void
setAccountId(String accountId)

          The AccountId is the AWS Account ID.

 void
setUploadId(String uploadId)

          The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

 void
setVaultName(String vaultName)

          The name of the vault.

 String
toString()

          Returns a string representation of this object; useful for testing and
 debugging.

 AbortMultipartUploadRequest
withAccountId(String accountId)

          The AccountId is the AWS Account ID.

 AbortMultipartUploadRequest
withUploadId(String uploadId)

          The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

 AbortMultipartUploadRequest
withVaultName(String vaultName)

          The name of the vault.

Methods inherited from class com.amazonaws.AmazonWebServiceRequest

copyPrivateRequestParameters, getRequestClientOptions, getRequestCredentials, setRequestCredentials

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

AbortMultipartUploadRequest

public AbortMultipartUploadRequest()

Default constructor for a new AbortMultipartUploadRequest object.  Callers should use the
 setter or fluent setter (with...) methods to initialize this object after creating it.

AbortMultipartUploadRequest

public AbortMultipartUploadRequest(String vaultName,
                                   String uploadId)

Constructs a new AbortMultipartUploadRequest object.
 Callers should use the setter or fluent setter (with...) methods to
 initialize any additional object members.

Parameters:
vaultName - The name of the vault.
uploadId - The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

AbortMultipartUploadRequest

public AbortMultipartUploadRequest(String accountId,
                                   String vaultName,
                                   String uploadId)

Constructs a new AbortMultipartUploadRequest object.
 Callers should use the setter or fluent setter (with...) methods to
 initialize any additional object members.

Parameters:
accountId - The AccountId is the AWS Account ID. You
 can specify either the AWS Account ID or optionally a '-', in which
 case Amazon Glacier uses the AWS Account ID associated with the
 credentials used to sign the request. If you specify your Account ID,
 do not include hyphens in it.
vaultName - The name of the vault.
uploadId - The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

Method Detail

getAccountId

public String getAccountId()

The AccountId is the AWS Account ID. You can specify
 either the AWS Account ID or optionally a '-', in which case Amazon
 Glacier uses the AWS Account ID associated with the credentials used
 to sign the request. If you specify your Account ID, do not include
 hyphens in it.

Returns:
The AccountId is the AWS Account ID. You can specify
         either the AWS Account ID or optionally a '-', in which case Amazon
         Glacier uses the AWS Account ID associated with the credentials used
         to sign the request. If you specify your Account ID, do not include
         hyphens in it.

setAccountId

public void setAccountId(String accountId)

The AccountId is the AWS Account ID. You can specify
 either the AWS Account ID or optionally a '-', in which case Amazon
 Glacier uses the AWS Account ID associated with the credentials used
 to sign the request. If you specify your Account ID, do not include
 hyphens in it.

Parameters:
accountId - The AccountId is the AWS Account ID. You can specify
         either the AWS Account ID or optionally a '-', in which case Amazon
         Glacier uses the AWS Account ID associated with the credentials used
         to sign the request. If you specify your Account ID, do not include
         hyphens in it.

withAccountId

public AbortMultipartUploadRequest withAccountId(String accountId)

The AccountId is the AWS Account ID. You can specify
 either the AWS Account ID or optionally a '-', in which case Amazon
 Glacier uses the AWS Account ID associated with the credentials used
 to sign the request. If you specify your Account ID, do not include
 hyphens in it.

 Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.

Parameters:
accountId - The AccountId is the AWS Account ID. You can specify
         either the AWS Account ID or optionally a '-', in which case Amazon
         Glacier uses the AWS Account ID associated with the credentials used
         to sign the request. If you specify your Account ID, do not include
         hyphens in it.

Returns:
A reference to this updated object so that method calls can be chained
         together.

getVaultName

public String getVaultName()

The name of the vault.

Returns:
The name of the vault.

setVaultName

public void setVaultName(String vaultName)

The name of the vault.

Parameters:
vaultName - The name of the vault.

withVaultName

public AbortMultipartUploadRequest withVaultName(String vaultName)

The name of the vault.

 Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.

Parameters:
vaultName - The name of the vault.

Returns:
A reference to this updated object so that method calls can be chained
         together.

getUploadId

public String getUploadId()

The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

Returns:
The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

setUploadId

public void setUploadId(String uploadId)

The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

Parameters:
uploadId - The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

withUploadId

public AbortMultipartUploadRequest withUploadId(String uploadId)

The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

 Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.

Parameters:
uploadId - The upload ID of the multipart upload to delete.

Returns:
A reference to this updated object so that method calls can be chained
         together.

toString

public String toString()

Returns a string representation of this object; useful for testing and
 debugging.

Overrides:
toString in class Object

Returns:
A string representation of this object.
See Also:
Object.toString()

hashCode

public int hashCode()

Overrides:
hashCode in class Object

equals

public boolean equals(Object obj)

Overrides:
equals in class Object

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text:
Building tomorrow's education with a human (and digital) touch
Campus Conversation focuses on reinventing student experience
What do progressive pharmacies, precision medicine and doctors' virtual house calls have to do with student success? A lot, if you work for the University of Colorado Denver.
Reimagining the future and the way students are served was the theme of the March 5 Campus Conversation, moderated by Vice Provost Linda Bowman, PhD, and fueled by video clips, audience interaction and the senior vice chancellor for Student Access and Achievement's own wit.
This March 5 talk – "The Unparalleled Student Experience: Coming Together for Student Success" – attracted a large turnout, nearly filling Room 2600 of the Student Commons Building.
Participants of the March 5 Campus Conversation in the Student Commons Building Room 2600 were challenged with reimagining the way university employees serve and communicate with students.
Anticipating and exceeding student expectations
Miss the March 5 Campus Conversation?
Watch a video of the talk
Bowman acknowledged Chancellor Dorothy Horrell's call to the CU Denver community to reimagine – "from recruitment to graduation and every human and virtual touchpoint in between" – ways to enhance student success.
"To me, that means we are anticipating student expectations and exceeding them," Bowman said, using TV commercial videos of forward-thinking health-related companies as analogies.
So, how can middle-of-the-night virtual doctor visits and personalized pill deliveries translate to homework troubles or tuition bills? Bowman called on the audience to ponder those questions and more.
Linda Bowman, vice provost and senior vice chancellor for Student Access and Achievement, decked in Mardi Gras beads, opened this month's Campus Conversation with a joke, setting the stage for an interactive event.
Leveraging technology and assets for student success
"We have so many assets," Bowman said, pointing to the university's dedicated employees as one example. "Just the fact that you are all here, that you care about what you do, is reflective of that," she said.
"Think about how we could really use those (assets and technology) in furthering our connections to work for our students."
Highlighting her team's 12 current "key initiatives" (Fig. 1), Bowman emphasized that it will take embracing change by everyone at CU Denver to realize the goal.
Why should employees navigate for students?
As an example of the importance of employee roles, Bowman used a pre-submitted question (one of nearly 20 entered online) asking why faculty and staff should dedicate themselves to helping students navigate through school.
"I see people as having mental calories. What do we want our students to expend those mental calories on?" Bowman asked. "I want them to expend them on learning."
By navigating the system for students, and by streamlining and making its resources more accessible, we are allowing the university's No. 1 clients to do what they came to CU Denver to do, Bowman said.
Audience interaction was a focal point of this month's talk on "The Unparalleled Student Experience: Coming Together for Student Success."
The importance of data in integrating change
Data-informed decision-making and predictive analytics also play a role in enhancing student experience and learning, Bowman said. That includes the university's work with EAB, a consulting firm that uses research and technology to help address educational challenges.
"There was a rumor that with EAB, students have a chip on their ID, and we are tracking their every move," Bowman said, addressing another pre-submitted question. While that "does sound a little like my creepy computer," she said, drawing a laugh, that's not the focus.
EAB analyzes population health and ways to solve the needs of groups of students, she said.
"It isn't so much about looking at students individually. That comes from those personal connections that our people are making," Bowman said. "It's about having those data behind the things that we offer and the things that we pull together for our support system that is so important."
An audience member responds to one of many questions from moderator and Vice Provost Linda Bowman.
Making 'precision education' a CU Denver norm
Comparing precision medicine (which uses varied data for individualizing patient care) to the university's vision, Bowman asked the audience how it relates to what they do:
"We have to understand that all of our students come from different backgrounds. That's really important to take into account when we are giving advice," one person said.
"It's understanding the motivations of the students and what their goals are to help them navigate the environment to reach their goals," another person said.
Noting that she cannot name them all, Bowman mentioned a number of projects on campus focused on personalizing the student experience (from chatbots and websites to an ambitious email audit).
"This unparalleled student experience work really is being guided by you. It's inspired by the things that you do," she said. "Now we've got to amass all of that and connect it together."
Three initiatives highlighted:
Angie VanDijk, director of the Academic Success and Advising Center, shares her team's project focused on helping students find a major before accruing too many credits.
Angie VanDijk: Success Advising
VanDijk, director of the Academic Success and Advising Center (ASAC) – a name on the verge of changing with the center's evolving focus – said a primary goal for her team is reducing the number of students with high credit counts and undeclared majors.
Working with schools and colleges across campus, ASAC will use holistic, well-timed support from start to graduation for students, helping them make timely decisions and understand financial literacy and the investment they are making in their future, VanDijk said.
Richard Allen: APLU Student Experience Project (SEP)
Allen, PhD, associate dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and psychology professor, said a research-practice partnership through the Association of Public Land Grant Universities (APLU) will focus on creating a greater sense of belonging among students.
The project includes six institutions and aims to address psychological barriers to create a more equitable learning environment, Allen said.
Margaret Wood: ACUE Course in Effective Teaching Practice
A 25-module online course is being offered that teaches faculty how to use research-based techniques that can help students succeed, said Wood, PhD, director of the Center for Faculty Development. "We know student learning, motivations and course pass rates are positively impacted."
Now recruiting for the next course, Wood encouraged faculty members to sign up, especially those teaching high-enrollment gateway courses that can be particularly tough for first-year students.
"We know if students fail one class in their first year, it really reduces the likelihood that they will return," she said. "We hope this class can add up to a really big change."
Margaret Wood, director of the Center for Faculty Development, talks about a training course for faculty, who are at the heart of student success, she said.
By Debra Melani, University Communications
Campus Conversation explores revenue shortfall, plans for the future
2019 State of the Campus: "From success to significance"
Campus Conversation sheds light on the digital future
Campus, campus conversation, Linda Bowman, Student Access and Achievement, student experience


We must urgently realize new scales and sources of climate finance for developing countries to enable our rapid transition to zero-carbon, climate-resilient societies. This includes additional public funding for mitigation and adaptation at a level at least comparable to current global ODA (around 135 billion USD p.a.). Innovative schemes such as globally funded renewable energy feed-in tariffs are required. The private sector must be encouraged to mobilize substantially larger sums. Governments should engage with banks and pension funds, enabling a shift to climate-friendly investments. Global and national climate funding must be effective, transparent and accountable.


Hawaii on a Budget – Can It Be Done?
Hawaii is a dream destination—a paradise. As such, traveling there is often seen as a once-in-a-lifetime event that will take several months or even years to save up for. For some people, it can seem totally out of reach.
I'm here to tell you that traveling to Hawaii on a budget can be done, and done extremely well. Of course, everyone's idea of a budget is different, but I'm going to define it in terms of flying to Hawaii at a discount, staying cheap, eating even cheaper, and doing things for free or for little cost.
Luckily, if you've decided to travel to Hawaii, you've chosen a tourist destination that is abundant with natural wonders, which are Mother Nature's generous gifts to residents and visitors alike. Sure, there are plenty of things to do and see in Hawaii that will require you to pay admission fees or buy a ticket. There are upscale restaurants and high-end hotels in Hawaii, just like in most every other place on the planet.
However, the great thing about Hawaii is that it's filled with some of the most amazing cheap or free sights and attractions, which are just a natural part of the incredible landscape of this tropical paradise.
Let's take a look at each aspect of a budget Hawaiian vacation in detail and talk about ways to save money on each one.
It's a given that you're going to have to fly to Hawaii, so you'll need to find a way to save money on your plane ticket.
No matter where you're traveling to, you can find deals in two ways—book early or look for last-minute deals on flights that need to be filled. If you're flexible with travel dates, you may be able to score a discounted plane ticket for traveling mid-week or taking red-eye flights.
There are plenty of ways you can sign up for airfare alerts online, which will let you know when special fares are available or when rates drop dramatically. Simply enter your desired city into the search criteria, and wait for email messages to appear in your inbox. These may ask you to purchase tickets that same day for deep savings.
Often, if you are willing to fly out of a secondary airport in your city, you will find the best deals on flights to Hawaii. It's also in your best interest to sign up for several airlines' frequent flyer programs, which are usually free and will help you to save money over the course of several flights. You may even qualify for free meals or upgrades.
Depending on what you want to do and what you have in mind for your Hawaiian vacation, you may find that one island is more economical for you than others. In general, Oahu and The Big Island tend to be cheaper, considering factors like food, accommodations, attractions, and transportation.
Lanai and Molokai, the smaller islands, are more expensive to travel to because of their remoteness. Maui and Kauai fall somewhere in between.
Of course, each island has incredible beaches and lots of green places to roam. If you can find a great deal on airfare, consider spending your vacation taking in only free activities and attractions like touring the island on foot and viewing nature's beauty.
Deciding where you want to stay in Hawaii will take some research and planning if you want to keep to a budget. Two great options for accommodations in Hawaii are home exchanges and vacation rentals, which are usually quite a bit cheaper than staying in traditional hotels, and often even free.
Home exchanges work by allowing travelers to free up their home for visitors coming to their city to stay in, and in return they can stay in someone else's home in Hawaii for no charge. It's simply a home swap that two parties agree to, which results in free accommodations for as long as agreed upon. This can be a wonderful travel resource.
Choosing vacation rentals in Hawaii works pretty much the same way as booking a traditional hotel, but your choice of accommodations will include high-rise apartments or condos, private residences, cottages, villas, estates, and even town homes. Vacation rentals are often cheaper than hotels because the property owners simply want to make a little money off a vacant property, and will sometimes charge minimal fees just to cover their costs.
When you stay in a vacation rental, you usually have access to cool features like full kitchens, spacious living rooms, multiple bedrooms, fireplaces, yards, pools and more.
If you're looking for a traditional hotel, try to find a discount rate by joining a travel or automobile club, or ask hotels for any special packages they may offer. You will find the best deals for a budget vacation if you are willing to stay at 2- and 3-star properties, which are plentiful on Oahu. As with airfare, try to be flexible with your dates and you'll have a better chance of scoring a great deal.
You can absolutely eat on a budget in Hawaii by avoiding restaurants in major tourist districts and in big hotels. Instead of dining in popular areas like Kaanapali on Maui, Poipu on Kauai, or Waikiki on Oahu, ask locals for their favorite hidden gems and off-the-beaten-path locations for great food and drink.
Sometimes you'll find delightful roadside stands selling fresh fruit and vegetables. There are also many farmers' markets in Hawaii that offer terrific selections of unique seasonal produce and goodies. You'll be able to pick up some tasty pineapples, mangos, coconuts, and other local treats, and many of these farmers have small cafés and eating areas where you can sit and dine.
So, you got to Hawaii for a great price, found a cheap place to stay, and are eating inexpensive local fare. What do you do in Hawaii on a budget?
The first thing you do is make your way to a beach. You'll be able to find great beaches on every island, and this is one of the best ways to engage in budget-friendly fun on your Hawaiian vacation.
Spend an hour or the entire day sunning, swimming, surfing, snorkeling and eating all of that cheap produce you bought earlier in the day. A couple of the best beaches in Hawaii that you can visit for free include Black Rock on Maui and Punalu'u Beach Park on The Big Island.
You won't have to part with any of your vacation dollars to see stunning sand in shades of red, black, green, gold and white. You may also see some beautiful ocean creatures breeching off of the Hawaiian coastline.
Don't forget to check out free museums and attractions like the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, on Oahu. This amazing sight costs nothing to view, but to assure yourself a ticket you'll have to arrive early, at about 7:30 a.m.
In short, with just a little bit of planning, you can have the Hawaiian vacation of your dreams without losing your shirt.
7th May 2014 10:00 am Simon Comments Off on Hawaii on a Budget – Can It Be Done?


South Korean yard Dae Sun Shipbuilding & Engineering has won an order from a local line, Sambu Shipping, to build a 3,500 dwt chemical tanker.
The order takes Dae Sun's ship tally to five for 2016. Sambu was able to tap into the government's new fleet modernisation scheme to get a decent ship finance deal for this contract.