text:
Marcus <zarch@rcn.com> (10.09.2005)
A quintessential London mood permeates the Cure. They conjure up the city streets of interminable darkness, rain, gloomy gray days punctuated by wonderful sun, warmth and excitement. At times long operatic screams, and hypnotic drones lull the listener into false securities. The interior soundscapes can fill up cavernous spaces of empty psyche. Plenty of Kafkaesque nightmares and Dostoevsky moments.
THREE IMAGINARY BOYS
Rich Bunnell <taosterman@yahoo.com> (21.03.2001)
Ah, I think I'll check today's daily updates at George Starostin's webpOHMYGODGEORGEISREVIEWINGTHECURE
...Anyway, I've only heard the American version of this album, Boys Don't Cry and though it's less structurally solid, the two singles really make it worth it. I can't rate it, though, because I don't remember how any of the other songs go (besides "Plastic Passion" and "Fire In Cairo") but I remember really liking it.
So I'll just use this space to talk about the Cure. I like the Cure. A lot of people don't, calling Robert Smith whiny and the songwriting inconsistent. That's true if you're talking about their "goth" period, but from 1985 onwards, when they "sold out"(stupid phrase, really), they really gained proficiency that they had lacked earlier. The band is solid, the mopey hooks are catchy - I dig it!
Puppeteer <Puppeteer@velocom.com.ar> (18.04.2001)
As both a great fan of The Cure and this page, I couldn't help but to write something out. Well I totally agree with the score (I would have agreed a 4 stars too). The key to follow The Cure I think, is to appreciate that subtle 'tame' way (as described above) the songs are arranged. I have to say their sometimes exaggerated simplicity and monotony got me really bored when hearing them for the first time; but once I got into their style, any other rock band sounded noisy and...kind of brutal to me. Meaning that Smith would absolutely avoid any distorted-noisy-guitar that could sound over the rest of the instruments with...nothing much but noise to give (at least on the early years he did avoid that). And we have as a result really interesting guitar-bass interactions on the songs. That would take me to talk about Michael Dempsey (bass player), which wasn't named on this review, and I think he truly deserves it. Because I think he's the best perfomer The Cure's ever had (after Smith I mean): adding some great bass lines and little loops of improvisation (like on 'It's not you', 'Grinding Halt' or 'Object'). Of course he never sounded spectacular, but of course he was adapted to The Cure's style and personality, which I could describe as "few notes, but accurate please". He left the band after this record, on what he would describe as a 'clash of personalities' (more like a clash of egos to me). And that was it for him. Too bad.
Man, why don't you mention '10:15' and 'Three Imaginary boys', I gotta object that too! Those are great songs!
Andrew <smithf@eircom.net> (23.02.2002)
Robert Smith did not provide vocals for this track ("Foxy Lady"), Dempsey (the then bassist) did. smith refused to sing someone elses song at that time.
Lee MCDAID <lmcdaid@stereowire.fsnet.co.uk> (27.11.2002)
sorry, i've just scrolled down the page and seen that someone has already pointed out that micheal dempsy sang foxy lady. the reason for this is that dempsy wanted to sing a song and smith didn't feel comfortable with someone else singing HIS lyrics....not the other way round.......
Gerard Nowak <gero@gower.pl> (20.05.2003)
I used to be rather a fan of this band (I mean to the point when they reached Disintegration), now I don't need such music. This album's a bit of a milestone. The gap between 17 Secs and Boys is wider and deeper than between any other two. This is due to:
1)Of course the keyboards. I guess not only the 'Reflection' bit a child could play, there are hardly any synth chords on this album, I guess the harmony on "At Night" was overdubbed rather than played at one go. Yet, yet, the synths seem to work here, they carry the overall aura of sadness rather effectively, so it's no problem.
2)The drums. This is a problem. Now, this isn't that striking, but for me this is the major disappointment against Boys. While on Boys Tolhurst's playing was inventive, here drums seem automatic. With the great exception of "Play for Today" there are about no fills! What happened? Does it have anything to do with Lol becoming more and more an object of derision within the band? I hate the plastic drums on every Cure record, and it started on this very one.
Generally, this is a very listener-unfriendly album with a very limited potential resonance. But it's very even and probably working for those who have pierced through the fasade, seeking various tinges of sadness to relate to. On the universal level, "At Night" seems the best song: great synth theme foreshadowing Dead Can Dance, some interesting guitar and vocals.
Time Inc. <michael_kochman@ew.com> (16.09.2002)
that special guitar sound you admire on The Cure's FAITH single PRIMARY is actually a bass guitar. More specifically two bass guitars (at least that's what the video of this tune displays.
Marcos Napier <baco@baco.nu> (12.10.2002)
I was going to post the same comment. Plus, there's a lot of 6-string basses, one of Cure's trademark sounds. And comparing that "guitar" sound to May or Edge or Gilmour, is just absolutely nonsense.
Evan Williams <Evan.Williams@mailbox.uq.edu.au> (12.12.2002)
Hi george, here in Australia there was a TV music show called Countdown that was on the ABC for decades and on it was played the music of the day. However it started in the days when there were no film clips and so bands played live. The Cure did just that and 'Primary' was the song they played. All that was required was 2 basses and drums , no guitars no synths. And it burnt.The basses were put through a phaser and were perfectly in time with the 'phasing' to get that helicopter sound and god did they thrash those instruments.I would think that anyone who watched Countdown in the eighties (which was just about every aust kid - it was VERY popular) remembers THAT show , these wild looking dudes with spiky black hair, red lipstick and nail polish absolutly playing out of their skins. Great song.
After a couple of years there's only one song worth returning to, as far as I'm concerned. That's "All the Cats Are Grey", an outstanding one - against a very thick keyboard background Robert Smith doesn't raise his voice to the level of shouting. And at the beginning of the song he doesn't even raise his voice at all! That's all unlike anything else in their early repertoire, and it works.
JAPANESE WHISPERS
<alagithil@optonline.net> (30.12.2005)
I am actually unfamiliar with the album, and most or all of its songs. However, as to your comment on the origin of the name "Bananafishbones," I find it likely that it is in fact derived from J. D. Salinger's short story, "A Perfect Day for Bananafish," in which Seymour Glass kills himself, rather than any Tom Waits song. Sounds Smithesque, eh?
Regarding the Cure--a very good pop band. Great life-affirming love songs. Wonderful bouncy happy hooks. WATCH AS I STAIN YOUR IDOLS WITH MAINSTREAM VIABILITY, GOTHS! MUHAHAHAHAHAkoffkoffobligatorykoffingfit.
THE HEAD ON THE DOOR
The only ALBUM from these guys that ever did anything for me. Nothing before or afterwards really measured up. 'Nuff said.
Fernando H. Canto <sirmustapha@ig.com.br> (18.07.2004)
My LP version includes an extra song, called 'Hey You'. It's nothing to go ape about, though: a 2-minute, silly rock'n'roll throwaway complete with soprano sax, but it's a fun one. Other than that... Well, this album is quite great! Lots of great songs, different sounds... Some of these songs are less likeable, like 'Torture' (with Smith's vocals occupying half of the mix), 'Fight' (that just sounds way too silly) and 'All I Want', but the other are very, very good. 'If Only Tonight We Could Sleep' is absolutely fantastic, easily my favourite of the bunch. 'One More Time' and 'A Thousand Hours' (which has some themes that sound VERY similar to 'Plainsong', don't you think?) are gorgeous ballads. I love 'Like Cockatoos', 'Icing Sugar', 'Just Like Heaven', 'Shiver And Shake' and 'How Beautiful You Are' (that's also similar to 'Love Song', and much better than that one, in my opinion). In all, most songs have something solid to contribute, and it works as a double album. Good onem, and gets a 12 from me.
Alexey Provolotsky <alpro@tut.by> (04.11.2005)
I got this album (my first and only Cure album, in fact) a couple of days ago and have quite a lovely time listening to it. I would never call it their White Album (and not because it�s worse, but because I don�t feel any diversity here; the band seems to be drowned in their sound), although I do admit it has quite a lot of styles. It�s the same with the Byrds� 5D. George considers that to be a very diverse record, but for me it doesn�t sound like that. Back to the Cure. The collection is impressive. 17 songs, done so professionally, so wonderfully built, so flawlessly arranged and still so rough. Like George, I love how their songs are structured. Why shouldn�t I, if the instrumental parts are so brainy and cute? Sometimes you get so overwhelmed by those instrumental parts, that when Robert Smith starts to sing, it becomes kinda painful (�Icing Sugar�, �A Thousand Hours� � both are nice!). The minor hits off the record were �Hot! Hot! Hot!�, �Why Can�t I Be You?� (with rather an anticlimactic chorus), both dumb but catchy pop and both sound totally DRUNK, and, of course, �Just Like Heaven�, their undeniable masterpiece. It doesn�t have any breathtaking hook or guitar solo, but the song is simply gorgeous and CLEVER. Speaking about cleverness, listen to �How Beautiful You Are�. The melody is primitive, not a single vocal hook, but the arrangements, mister, the arrangements! Me, I get to Heaven every time Smith sings the line �for the way we are� in the chorus for the second time. It�s God-like, isn�t it?
In general, there is much here to discuss. Every friggin� song has something to offer. The soft melody of �Catch�, the mystical atmosphere of �One More Time�, the unnecessary middle part of �Fight�, etc. My favourite track is either the opening devilish �The Kiss� or �Just Like Heaven�.
Also, some words about singing. It�s mostly good (the made-up emotional intonations work), but isn�t it disgusting how Robert Smith sings the word �delicious� in �Why Can�t I Be You?� Brrr.
A huge album. 13! A weak 13!
I bought this LP on a second-hand store. Fwow, is it a long LP! It excludes 'Last Dance' and 'Homesick', but it still goes up to 60 minutes. And I mean a single LP! Anyway, I was quite surprised with the quality of this record. Very beautiful. Very beautiful indeed. It has a very rich aura, a certain atmosphere... hard to describe. I agree with you that this stuff is not just "depressing". It is way too rich to sound just "depressing". It is certainly melancholic, but it's gorgeous and wonderful to listen to. The opening song, 'Plainsong', is wonderful. Great, soaring keyboard line. I particularly love 'Fascination Street', which means to rock in an... um, intelligent way. It rocks with intelligence. I like that. 'Pictures Of You', 'Love Song', and all four cuts on side B - first-rate material. I really like albums like these, that can really touch the soul in an unnatural way. It's that lush sound, those textures that really grip me... Ok, it doesn't *hook* on me, but it grips me tightly. This is not addictive or catchy or anything. Oh, well, this album is very special in its own way. I like it very much. Gets an easy 13, even maybe a weak 14, from me.
Austin <austintayeshus@hotmail.com> (17.07.2004)
I agree with most of your review -- this was a pretty underwhelming album for them (at first anyway).
However, and maybe it's the hardcore fan in me, I've actually concocted my own version of the album that would rank among my favorites by the band.
The thing is... RS made some really poor choices with the track selection on this record. Some of the best songs were unjustly scattered amongst the single b-sides for only die hard fans to hear (yours truly included). Wild Mood Swings originally started out (supposedly) as a mostly acoustic-ish, purposely sparse album. That's why you noticed the "almost folksy or 'rootsy' sound." Well, the b-sides are MOSTLY (with a few exceptions) the same thing, but with amazing results.
Amongst them, you get the proto-Bloodflowers sounding "It Used To Be Me," "A Pink Dream" which sounds like a Head on the Door outtake (think "In Between Days" without the loud keyboards), "Ocean" which plays like either a prequel or sequel to "This Is A Lie," and "Home" which RS plagiarized himself on for the band's current single "The End of the World."
I mixed in all six b-sides and removed "Club America," "Round & Round & Round," "Strange Attraction," and "Return" and resequenced the album to my preference and, like I said, made one of my very favorite records by the band.
I think the album gets an unfair negative criticism, because, as you even acknowledged in your review, there are some great songs to be found on it. And, especially when compared to their current album, it's a solid record that deserves a reassessment.
BLOODFLOWERS
Good review, George. For some reason I didn't think you'd like this one - there seem to be a lot of otherwise dedicated Cure fans who have something against it.
I can see its flaws - the production is very scratchy and abrasive, and Smith's voice is very high in the mix, which isn't necessarily a very good thing. But I think these songs are generally wonderful. My favourite is 'Maybe Someday', which is a snarling, vituperative mutation of all those pop masterpieces like 'Friday I'm In Love' and 'Just Like Heaven'. 'The Loudest Sound' and title track also do it for me, but the whole album does really.
For what it's worth, I really don't buy the whole Pornography-Disintegration-Bloodflowers 'trilogy' thing. They are three very different albums whose only common features seem to be sadness and high quality. In some ways (the raw, scratchy production), Bloodflowers actually recalls the debut album more strongly than either two of its miserabilist predecessors.
As I write, rumours of a follow-up to Bloodflowers are circulating, and I see absolutely no reason to disbelieve them - Smith has been stating or implying that each Cure album since The Head On The Door would be the last, and whilst the mood of Bloodflowers might superficially seem very final, I think this is actually a bit of a tease. "
Fernando Canto <sirmustapha@gmail.com> (01.07.2005)
I can't stand this album. I mean, I like some of the songs individually, but I can hardly listen to any of them. Maybe it has to do with that unbearable production: that ones that drowns you with dynamic compression and loudness until everything is helplessly distorted. And the case is critical here. In fact, I'll say that I don't even *remember* the songs in their whole, already having heard the album quite a couple of times. Maybe that's the curse of digesting an album quickly just to get to the other one. But the truth is, I guess I dislike the album just as much as you like it. I'm a big fan of Disintegration, but also for different reasons. I don't find that one loud, bombastic, grandiose and smashing. Instead, I find it poetic, balanced and gentle. The bursts of mind-bending gothicness come in fair dosages. The album's not there to BE sad - it's there to be beautiful. A sad kind of beauty, yes. And this album gives me the impression that Smith didn't think that was enough, so he set out to show he IS very sad and very angry, and made Bloodflowers. But it strikes me as superficial here. I can face it: Smith can't prove me he actually have so many problems. In the Disintegration time, he could at least PRETEND he did. But in Bloodflowers, he's pretty much a happy, married man trying to make a depressing album because that's what he's supposed to do. And that's a shame, when The Cure's music, in general, is surprisingly natural to me. It IS flashy, but in a counscious way. I NEVER took any of Smith's words to heart. But in Bloodflowers, it's like he wants me to do so. And I don't. I don't take the album, really. I like the opening track, I like 'Where The Birds Always Sing' (that nice guitar line thingy), 'Maybe Someday' and a bit of 'The Last Day Of Summer'. But 'Watching Me Fall'? It's so forced, it hurts. I guess I could isolate some tracks and like them individually, but the album as a whole is a statement of nothing. That "one last time before we go" gets me. Come on, I always treated "Robert Smith" as a character created by the man. Is the actual MAN trying to tell me something? Don't make me laugh. I'd give this a 10.
And here the antithesis is complete. I like this album. I don't love it, y'know. But to me, this album is far more successful than Bloodflowers 'cause it's more honest. It's pop goth, loud, abrasive, ugly at times, but not under a mask of "sadness" and "Cureness" and "the third part of the Pornography/Disintegration/Bloodflowers trilogy". So there. Smith is just a singer in a pop and roll band, and he knows it. I don't need much more. 'End Of The World' is a fabulous pop single that, for the first time in years, breaks away from the 'Just Like Heaven' -> 'Friday I'm In Love' -> 'Mint Car' progression. Unfortunately, the progression is resumed in 'Taking Off'. Heh. 'Never' is very discardable. 'Before Three' is goody, though! I actually like 'Lost' a lot, and 'The Promise'... Well, I like build-ups, and this is quite a darned good one. It just goes and goes. It keeps getting more and more dense as it goes. 'Us Or Them' is cool! I like the poisonous lyrics. I tend to be somewhat turned off by obvious and unsubtle polictical rants, but this one does it. And there's something about that 'I Don't Know What's Going On', that... You know, if you make it major key and give it to a female singer, it turns into "Lah-yah-yah the greatest moment! Lah-yah-yah the greatest love of them all!"... I know it sounds silly, but it DID strike me as VERY Cranberry-ish the first time I heard it. Eh, anyway. I don't care much about the extra tracks, either. Only 'Going Nowhere' is good as a nice, quiet ballad. 'Fake' is kinda okay, too. I give this a... uh, 11.


text:
package org.cogaen.lwjgl.scene;

import org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11;

public class Color implements ReadableColor {

	public static final ReadableColor WHITE = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
	public static final ReadableColor BLACK = new Color(0, 0, 0, 1);
	public static final ReadableColor CYAN = new Color(0, 1, 1, 1);
	public static final ReadableColor RED = new Color(1, 0, 0, 1);
	public static final ReadableColor BLUE = new Color(0, 0, 1, 1);
	public static final ReadableColor GREEN = new Color(0, 1, 0, 1);
	public static final ReadableColor ORANGE = new Color(1, 0.64, 0, 1);
	public static final ReadableColor YELLOW = new Color(1, 1, 0, 1);
	public static final ReadableColor GRAY = new Color(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
	public static final ReadableColor LIGHT_GRAY = new Color(0.75, 0.75, 0.75);
	public static final ReadableColor DARK_GRAY = new Color(0.25, 0.25, 0.25);

	private double red;
	private double green;
	private double blue;
	private double alpha;

	public Color(ReadableColor color) {
		this(color.getRed(), color.getGreen(), color.getBlue(), color.getAlpha());
	}

	public Color(double red, double green, double blue) {
		this(red, green, blue, 1.0);
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	public Color(double red, double green, double blue, double alpha) {
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		this.blue = blue;
		this.alpha = alpha;
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	public double getRed() {
		return red;
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		this.red = red;
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	public double getGreen() {
		return green;
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	public void setGreen(double green) {
		this.green = green;
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	public double getBlue() {
		return blue;
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	public void setBlue(double blue) {
		this.blue = blue;
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	public double getAlpha() {
		return alpha;
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	public void setAlpha(double alpha) {
		this.alpha = alpha;
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	public void setColor(ReadableColor color) {
		this.red = color.getRed();
		this.green = color.getGreen();
		this.blue = color.getBlue();
		this.alpha = color.getAlpha();
	}

	public void apply() {
		GL11.glColor4d(this.red, this.green, this.blue, this.alpha);
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Lord Florey Talks
IT @ Lincoln
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Women at Lincoln
Dr Susan Brigden
Would you like to introduce yourself?
The fortieth anniversary of the admission of women to Lincoln is my anniversary, too, for I arrived in Lincoln in 1980, as Darby Fellow in history, the first woman fellow. Historians ponder the role of chance in history. The chances of my coming to Lincoln were remarkably small. Yet I rode the wave of admission of women to men's Colleges, first at Clare in Cambridge, as a graduate student. I applied for a temporary post at Lincoln, in the spirit of putting a note in a bottle, and was astonished and terrified to be invited for interview. Oxford was my fifth university, after Manchester, Cambridge, Durham and Newcastle. I never wanted to move again, and I never have. Election to the Fellowship was an unimaginable honour, the greatest privilege, and is still. I retired in 2016.
Who or what shaped your time at Lincoln?
It was, I suppose, a bit odd being the first woman fellow. Can it be true that the women – the wives of Fellows, and I – withdrew after dinner, led by Lady Trend? Surely not; yet I remember this happening. Fellows were exceptionally kind to me on my arrival – even, or especially, those who had opposed the admission of women. I was carefully counselled and greatly supported by Lord and Lady Trend, and by Paul Langford, who did not wish the first woman fellow to be the last. Vivian Green and Dennis Kay were more subversive influences. My fellow historians, Paul Langford and Perry Gauci, were best of colleagues through decades. Tim Knowles, our brilliant Bursar, was my pupil. Henry Woudhuysen and I were junior fellows together. I learnt from him then, and I do still.
One of the great pleasures of College life is to experience the reality of the community of scholars. I have learnt so much from Fellows in other subjects -- though not as much as I should have done -- and have been fortunate to call on their knowledge. A career spent in a department of history would have been quite different. I have been cherished by the College's staff, many of whom I have known for years, and to whom I am so grateful.
The tutorial system is a privilege for tutors as well as undergraduates. I have been enlightened and enlivened by generations of undergraduates, many of whom are the friends of my heart. It was never boring (well, perhaps marking essays was, sometimes).
How do you think you have changed since arriving at Lincoln?
The course of my life is unimaginable without Lincoln. The College gave me my great chance. I have had the freedom to study and write, and the privilege of learning with generations of wonderful undergraduates. The Chapel has been important to me. I was married there, and have considered it a haven within a haven. I have known true friendship here.
What does the 40th anniversary of women studying at Lincoln mean to you?
Delight that we have come so far, gratitude for the friendships, confidence for the future. I think of all that Lincoln's women have achieved and all that they have meant to each other. On Saturday, the 28th March we planned to be celebrating our anniversary together, a constellation of Lincoln women. The celebration will happen, and we will look forward to being together.
What advice would you give to future women at Lincoln?
Be venturesome. Be kind to yourselves. Be kind to each other.
Nupur Patel
My name is Nupur Patel, a second-year DPhil student in Early Modern French, and until recently I was MCR President 2019-20 of Lincoln College. I came to Oxford when I was eighteen years old as an undergraduate studying History and French. Since then I haven't really left! After a brief gap year after my Bachelor's degree, I returned to Lincoln to complete a Master's degree and I'm now reaching the halfway point of my PhD. My first experience of Oxford was a daunting one. I come from a working-class area in Greater London, raised by two immigrant parents who never had the opportunity to study at university. Having been on free school meals and attended a state school which hadn't admitted any students to Oxbridge in my lifetime, Oxford seemed like a distant dream and an intimidating place. For a long time, I thought that because of my position I didn't really fit the 'Oxford type'. Being part of an outreach initiative, Aim Higher, taught me that there isn't an 'Oxford type' and that Oxford was well within my reach if I worked hard and believed in myself. I had some great teachers behind me who encouraged me to push myself and by October 2012 I found myself at Lincoln College. Despite my rocky start (mainly due to my Imposter Syndrome!), I gradually flourished academically and socially. I carved out a place for myself and soon enough, Lincoln started to feel more of a home from home.
For the most part, I've had a very enjoyable experience at Lincoln. Among a group of very supportive members of college, including friends, porters, college staff and a community of friendly JCR and MCR members. Dr Susan Brigden particularly stands out as being an important influence for me. She was my main History tutor as an undergraduate and the first female fellow of the College. Asides from being an incredibly inspirational and highly esteemed scholar in her field, Susan encouraged my great passion for Early Modern Studies and gave me all of the reassurance I needed to feel like I deserved to be at Oxford. Sadly, in more recent times I've still struggled to feel like I belong here and there are times where I wonder if I will ever feel completely at ease. I have fond memories of our tutorials about Humanism, the French Wars of Religion and Italian Renaissance Art. I thoroughly enjoyed learning from her and as a result I knew that I wanted to pursue postgraduate degrees in Early Modern Studies.
In more recent times I have so much respect for some fantastic college staff who have been incredibly supportive of me and my initiatives. To name some exceptional figures, Carmella, Lisa and Katie from the College Office, Michele from the Domestic Bursary, as well as Jane, Julia and Jo from the Development Office. There are many more! These officers have kept my spirits up in challenging times and have empowered me to keep fighting the good fight.
My time at Oxford wasn't always smooth sailing. In fact, the negative experiences at Oxford have perhaps shaped me the most: imposter syndrome, academic troubles, prejudice and discrimination, to name a few. At times I have noticed the lack of appreciation of kindness and that my race and gender have played a part in the ways in which I have been treated. In times of darkness, it's the people who pick you up and support you who teach you the most valuable life lessons about empathy and looking out for others. These very dark moments and the support systems around me instilled in me a deep sense of compassion for others, and a willingness to find a career in life that prioritizes this.
What does your current work involve?
My DPhil project looks at the notion of pudeur (modesty) in sixteenth-century French women's prose and poetry, which was perceived to be a primary feature of a woman's identity. As a term that is gendered as feminine and deployed by male writers, supposedly to protect the modesty of young women, I show that pudeur may be reclaimed differently by women writers whose literary works engage with meanings of pudeur in circulation. The inspiration behind this project stems from a desire to move away from the tendency to pigeonhole early modern women writers as either 'submissive' or 'subversive'. I seek to find more nuanced positions in their stories and to identify moments of female agency and negotiations of space that lie within traditionally patriarchal and oppressive discourses.
Presenting a Paper at the French Graduate Seminar, All Souls College, Oxford
This ambition to represent marginalized voices has played a huge part in my role as MCR President. The MCR Committee and I have sought to make College a more inclusive and welcoming space with more culturally diverse events. Among many initiatives, I introduced a new multi-faith prayer and quiet room and founded Lincoln's first ever annual Equality and Diversity Week, 'Lincoln Unites', to celebrate the diversity of the College and to spark conversations about the progress that still needs to be made. I should add that the JCR president and I also passed a proposal for a College tortoise! None of this has been easy and there have been times where I have been utterly devastated and frustrated by how slow change can be. It has sometimes felt like I have been trying to break down a brick wall with my bare hands.
With regards to the multi-faith prayer and quiet room, the whole project took six months of my life -consulting different chaplains around Oxford and college staff at Lincoln, reading academic journals about prayer rooms, gathering feedback from students at Lincoln, sometimes feeling rubbish about the state of equality at Oxford and finally putting together a detailed proposal for college to eventually pass. It was tiring to do all of this alongside other commitments, projects and my research. But all of it was worth it, because making people feel more integrated and included at Oxford, of all places, is always worth it.
I think people need to remember that there is a deep emotional burden attached to people from disadvantaged communities who are often made to feel responsible for pushing for initiatives, without real recognition for the time and energy that they put into them. I, myself, have sometimes come close to giving up. In these difficult times I try to remind myself that change, regardless of how slow it is, is happening and step by step, each generation of chipping away at the high brick walls. We're all making it slightly easier for the next generation and this alone should drive us to keep pushing the boundaries.
As the first BAME woman to become Lincoln's MCR President I'm fully aware of the importance of representing minority groups but also not always speaking for others. I've developed the skillset to give marginalized voices the platforms to speak for themselves and am conscious of the need for us all to constantly challenge inequalities that exist at Oxford, including issues of race, gender, sexuality, disabilities, and so on.
When I first came to Lincoln, I was a very timid and self-doubting person; I wouldn't dare share my thoughts unless I really had to, nor would I really question the accepted viewpoints around me. The tutorial system was a tough adjustment for me, but in the long run it challenged me to think; it encouraged me to be more analytical and to constantly question. Alongside academic work, my participation in college sports and committees has given me the tools and experience to become more assertive and outspoken on issues that I'm passionate about. The experiences, both positive and negative, that I've faced at University have given me the strength to find a voice. I've become so much more aware of the inequalities that people face and the privileges that I've benefitted from in my life, namely in a very prestigious institution like Oxford. This university is a microcosm with people from very different views and backgrounds. Coming face to face with these has only increased my empathy for others and a willingness to do something meaningful with my life which encompasses creating a positive shift in society.
The fortieth anniversary of women's admittance at Lincoln is a fantastic opportunity to celebrate a selection of inspiring women who have gone on to pursue diverse and enriching careers, relationships and life choices within and beyond Lincoln's walls. As a former female MCR President, standing alongside an all-female MCR executive committee and a female JCR President, I find it truly moving to be able to pay homage to my female predecessors who have paved the way for myself and other women, by carving out a progressive and inclusive community. This celebration not only marks a history of female success and representation, but they also empower the next generation of women to dream big. I am proud to have experienced this great moment in Lincoln's history and look forward to witnessing the torch being passed down to the next generation of female Lincolnites. No doubt, they will continue to achieve great things and improve the society in which we live.
Equally, this celebration symbolises an important opportunity for current and future members of Lincoln to reflect on how far we've come and how much work we still have to do at Oxford. Beyond this anniversary, there are many issues of equality and diversity that still need to be addressed and we need to constantly strive to make our society better and fairer for everyone, especially for those who have been historically marginalized.
As women I think it's very common for us to be quite modest, to play down our achievements and to constantly think that we're not good enough. In history we've been held back, we've been taught to know our places (which has historically been in the shadows…), and it has been engrained in us that big successes are out of our reach. If I could offer any advice it would be to challenge these thoughts and assumptions. Have confidence in yourself to dream big and don't be afraid to challenge the status quo, especially at Oxford! In my short life I've learned that some of the most valuable causes in life are the most challenging ones.
Going to university can be a struggle; people can feel lost, alone or not worthy of being here. I know this because at points I was part of this group. I have struggled with the feeling of belonging here. The initiatives that I have completed are part of a bigger movement led by many students, staff and other allies who want to make a difference. Remember this in times of darkness and never give up hope.
We as a society need to build communities together and extend the olive branch to everyone, even the people we fear or feel we don't know enough about. We need to take the time to listen and to understand them. We need to show everyone more empathy. We need to be allies and stand up for those who have been marginalized.
More importantly, never lose sight of the people around you who have supported and encouraged you. Remember the support you've been given and offer this to those who are less fortunate. The greatest gift that we can show others in life is empathy; experiencing empathy towards others brings us a little bit closer to challenging the injustices that many people, including women, face in society.
The Rev. Dr Melanie Marshall
Lincoln is the nicest College I've known. And I've known plenty!
I'm Mel and I've been the Chaplain here since 2015. Originally, I come from Aberdeenshire, but after studying for four degrees in classics and one in theology, I've got to know Oxford (and Cambridge) pretty well. I became a priest and started working at a church in London. But when the job at Lincoln was advertised, I knew at once it was the place for me.
All the things that interest me - academic, cultural, social - are part of the fabric and atmosphere of Lincoln. I'm never short of conversation, whether I'm at High Table, in Deepers, or just lurking about the quad. And all day long I get to do the things I like best - talking, listening, praying, singing, and eating.
Freedom has been the defining quality of my five years here. So much trust has been placed in me to spend my time and budget as I like. I'm able to direct my energies towards student needs in exactly the ways that seem best to me. A flexible working day means I can balance out the intensity of student welfare work. I might do some admin tasks with my music playing in the background, or maybe take a walk round the meadow to think or pray. There's sometimes time for lunch with a friend. All enormous privileges.
Peter McCullough encouraged me to apply for the job and I can't thank him enough. He has been a huge upholder of me personally and of the life of the Chapel. Louise and Lydia as Senior Tutors have been terrific colleagues (two among many). And Henry Woudhuysen has given me all the support and encouragement I could ever have hoped for in a boss, and far more besides. I've made some of the best friends of my life at Lincoln.
Of course, the students are what the job is all about. Their company keep me full of joy. Their kindness and good sense and generosity fill me with hope. They make me believe there is a future of our tattered nation - and world.
I have two hats. One I plop on my head when I'm dealing with student welfare. That mostly involves spending time with students who are having some difficulties. It's important to me to have an open-door policy. I won't always be free when a student drops in, but I often am. I want everyone in college to feel that they are welcome and I'll be glad to listen, and to help if I can. Training sessions and meetings are also part of the welfare brief. Some of these are really interesting and others are on the dry side, as you'd expect. But they're all washed away by the pleasure of hanging out with students. Eating doughnuts, discussions in Book Group, chatting over lunch in hall or Deepers, sliding into welfare tea for a bite of brownie. Believe it or not, it all counts as work.
In my Chaplain hat, I keep Chapel services running. That's one of the founding statutes of the College. We're meant to pray for the souls of those who've given us money, and I'm working just now on how to make that side of things a bit more visible. The Chapel is beautiful, of course. But the Choir and Organ Scholars really bring that beauty to life. The quality of the music has gone from strength to strength in my time here. I think touring abroad does a lot to bring musicians together. Organising Chapel services can feel pressured. You only get one shot to get it right, and there are a lot of moving parts. Luckily, I have amazing Chapel Wardens and musicians who are full of devotion and work hard to bring it all together, even though they have many other calls on their time. In my time here, students have learned to write moving prayers, sing glorious music, and serve the altar with dignity. Lincoln is a place of learning, and I'm proud to say Chapel is no exception. One thing I've learned is better vocal technique, in weekly lessons with our most wonderful singing teacher, Bronwen Mills. I'll take that skill with me through the rest of my life – and the enormous pleasure it gives me, too.
Happiness changes people profoundly. We all need the same basic conditions to grow as people. We need nurture. We need stability. We need the sense of a purpose, and of being valued. When you find the place where you can be yourself, you blossom.
I've made loads of mistakes and done plenty of things I shouldn't have done during my time here. My personality surely can't be to everyone's taste. But - here's what's amazing – it's never been held against me. All my shortcomings have been met with forgiveness and acceptance. On my side, I've hardly had any forgiving to do. Lincoln really is full of the kindest and most hardworking people I've known.
So I'd say I've learned how a community is held together by grace. And how generosity and patience and understanding can make people free. Those things can never be earned or demanded. But when they are freely given, they produce a sense of gratitude so complete that no thanks can ever be enough.
Just the beginning!
I knew I was arriving at Lincoln as the first female Chaplain in the College's history. I wondered if my sex would be an issue. It isn't - not in the least. To me, that's a real commendation of Lincoln as a community. I've never felt for a single second that it made any difference if I was a man or a woman. I've only ever felt affirmed, respected and trusted as a colleague and a friend.
So: long may it continue. Don't get me wrong. I know it's a sexist world. Years ago, when I was Vice President (Women) at the Oxford University Student Union, I spent all my time campaigning to make Oxford a more inclusive place. Now, I see places like Lincoln as a kind of haven. I hope that more and more women come to Lincoln and learn what it's like to be valued and respected regardless of their sex. I want to see them take those expectations out into the world – and settle for nothing less.
If you are hard up, apply for financial help. If you are sad or worried, go and talk to the Chaplain. If you have concerns about your work, talk to your tutors, adult to adult. If you love your subject, put the hours in. If there's something you enjoy, band together and do it, and get the Annual Fund to pay.
In a word: learn how to receive. Lincoln is a place of abundance. Don't be shy. It's not there for someone else. It's there for you.
Receive, receive, receive. And then go out, and start giving.
Ann Suraj
I started working at Lincoln College as a member of the Hall Service Team 15 years ago, after a four months extended holiday in India. A friend told me about the vacancy and, even though I had never been waitressing before, this immediately caught my interest. The job description suited my way of living very well. From the beginning, I have experienced Lincoln College as a friendly and diverse environment, and I have always enjoyed working here.
It has definitely been the people with whom I work every day that shaped me the most. Over those 15 years, I have seen many people come and go. Some of them have become close friends. One thing I particularly appreciate about my job is the tight interaction with the students. Especially when it comes to dietary requirements, we have developed a trained eye to meet the individual needs. Since I have started working here, the general sensitivity of specific diets has significantly increased. While this does make things more complicated, it also strengthens the relationship between staff and students and gives rise to a more nuanced interpersonal encounter. Moreover, our job profile has not stayed the same either. Today, compared to 15 years ago, we are much more flexibly assignable to different domains. One day one might help with the dishes, another day one might be serving the dishes or stand at the till. I appreciate this flexibility allowing for a broad variety of experiences. Also, I think our waitressing comes with less pressure in general. Not too long ago, we used to have two formally served dinners a day, subject to tight procedures and regulations for both Staff and students. In my view, over the years Lincoln has found a good balance in preserving its traditions and adapting to requirements of changing times. I think ultimately everyone has benefitted from the meal routines having become a bit more laid-back.
On the one hand, I find it staggering that for so many centuries female students have not been allowed access to this college and its educational environment and resources. On the other hand, this demonstrates even more sharply how far we have come in creating equal opportunities for all people, no matter what their gender, their background, their personal life story is. I experience Lincoln as a genuine and inspiring place. And, when looking at the portrait exhibition in Hall, it makes me proud to contribute with my work to the growth and welfare of so many female students that have so much to give to the world and form a part of the next generation of strong and inclusive citizens.
Work hard and don't be shy to aim high. Go to the top and become an inspiration to the younger generations. And don't forget to enjoy the great opportunities that Lincoln as an academic and social community has to offer.
Amy Dunning
Hello! My name's Amy, and I'm a second year reading Spanish and currently the JCR President at Lincoln. I'm from Stockport, near Manchester and honestly, I first applied to Lincoln on a bit of a whim. I had picked my other 4 universities on UCAS until my Spanish teacher suggested that I try and apply to Oxford. I was very lucky to be able to attend my school on a pretty significant bursary, and I often felt the wealth gap extremely strongly there, and so another 4 years of being the poor kid at a wealthy institution really didn't appeal to me. It sounds massively clichéd now, but as soon as I found the Lincoln website, I thought for the first time that this Oxford thing might be worth it after all – I read all about the welfare and pastoral support available and saw some testimonials from some extremely normal-looking students which definitely went some way to alleviating my fears. I decided to apply pretty last-minute on the tiny off-chance that I may get an interview. I came in with the attitude that I almost definitely wouldn't get an offer, but I would be able to spend a couple of days pretending to be a student in one of the most prestigious institutions in one of the world's most beautiful cities. Fast-forward three years, and here I am, still very much a Northerner with working-class roots, but feeling that all this doesn't necessarily mean I don't belong here too!
Of course, the first person who has significantly shaped my time at Lincoln so far is Dr Omlor. I think I will always remember my first tutorial with her. I brought a distinctly mediocre commentary on a Cervantes short story, in which I had made a grand total of zero original points, but which felt like my greatest achievement to date. I spent the next hour feeling equal parts inadequate and enthralled, and I knew that having her as a tutor meant that I would improve academically week on week without fail. Now a year later, I feel that I can hold a halfway-worthwhile conversation with her, but she never fails to make me see things in a different light. I came out of that first tutorial saying that Daniela is the most interesting and intelligent person I have ever met, and I still stand by that claim.
Other than that, the eclectic mix of non-academic things I have been involved within Oxford have all helped me become the person I am today. Last year, I got to direct the play for the annual Turl Street Arts Festival. Having only ever directed much smaller productions before, it was a huge learning curve to manage such a talented cast and work with a significant budget. TSAF is such a valuable tradition; one which I hope continues for many years to come.
I also don't think it would feel right to answer this question without mentioning my JCR committee, whose passion, commitment and resilience continues to surprise and inspire me on a daily basis.
Aside from the obvious avalanche of academic work we receive weekly at Oxford, my current work mostly involves trying to secure placements for my year abroad next year and my responsibilities as JCR President.
I attend a few weekly meetings but by far what I see as my most significant job is to act as the undergraduate representative to college. Aside from the significant benefits of being able to attend many alumni events and meet some of the incredible people with links here, I tend to be the first port of call for a lot of student issues. It is my job also to work to change college systems to ensure every piece of policy and practice acts in the best interest of the students. As I see it, Lincoln is made by the people it calls current and past students, and so I find it a massive honour to be able to represent them. In truth, not a day goes by that I'm not grateful I was elected, even if it has resulted in a few sleepless nights and tight deadlines!
I think it's really difficult to put into words what Oxford does to a person. At times, it has been the most emotionally difficult and personally challenging time of my life, and yet through all this, I've never really doubted whether it is worth it. On a selfish level, I feel like I am constantly working to better myself, and I like to think I am becoming a person that I would have been proud of a couple of years ago.
I think I am also a much more reasonable and diplomatic person. Before coming to university, I was very involved in politics, being Campaigns Manager at YouthPolitics UK where I worked closely with the likes of Andy Burnham and Alastair Campbell and had a lot of success lobbying for change at a governmental level, and even speaking at the World Forum in The Hague. But being JCR President is a whole different kettle of fish. It has made me realise that not every single change you may wish to make is feasible, and yet even the smallest differences can make a huge impact on those that benefit. And of course, I can now survive on way less sleep than I once did, and I've mastered the art of bashing out an essay in less than a day!
This is the question that I've had to think the most about how to answer. Not because this anniversary hasn't affected me at all, but because in reality I find it really hard to imagine a Lincoln without its women. So many of the people that have made my time here what it has been, and who have inspired me most, have been women. It absolutely staggers me that as recently as 40 years ago, that image of the college I love so much would be so different. In fact, it upsets me a lot that there is a time in living memory that I wouldn't even have been able to study at, never mind be JCR President of, Lincoln college. I think that makes it all the more poignant that until very recently we have had two women heading up the common rooms, as well as a new female Senior Tutor. I think this anniversary has particularly reminded me how privileged I am to live in a community where women do, for the most part, experience relative equality. Not long ago it would have been impossible for any woman, never mind a working-class, queer, Northern woman like myself to come to many colleges in Oxford, and that's something that I'm going to work on not forgetting from now on.
In truth, I'm not sure I'm really the best-placed person to give advice, and in fact this is the exact question I so often ask to the alumni I meet.
That said, what I feel is important and I guess also in the spirit of the 40th anniversary of women at Lincoln is to be unashamedly yourself here. It sounds really cheesy, I know, but there really is no 'Oxford type'. If you'd have told me a couple of years ago that I'd now be JCR President at an Oxford college, walking down the High Street holding hands with the woman I love, I think I would have laughed at you, and yet that is my reality. One thing I always endeavor to be is true to myself and my roots; I ask 'Would my Grandma be proud?" and if the answer is yes, then usually it's a pretty good idea. That's got me this far and I genuinely don't think I've ever been happier, so I would suggest that any upcoming women do the same – put yourself out there, be bold and ask those difficult questions.
Gayatri Tadikamalla
Hi, I'm Gayatri and I study medicine here at Lincoln. I was born and brought up in the UK and thanks to my parents, there was very much an Indian influence in my household. I mention this because I attribute a lot of who I am to the combination of Indian and British culture I was exposed to growing up and this is something I began to appreciate a lot more after coming to Lincoln.
For me, coming to Lincoln was not the obvious choice. Before coming here, I knew of Oxford in the context of the inspiring settings of 'Harry Potter' and 'His Dark Materials' and as the home of Prime Ministers and Nobel laureates. I thought of it as somewhere I would like to visit one day but didn't really consider it in the context of my own academia.
I didn't personally know anyone who had attended before I thought about coming to Oxford but learning more about it and seeing people from a similar background as myself thrive at the university gave me confidence. My friends and family were incredibly supportive and they continue to be. Getting back to the question - I chose to come to Lincoln on a whim, I was still making my mind up five minutes before our application deadline, but I am so glad I made that decision. Lincoln was so beautiful and so welcoming that when I visited for the first time, I felt like I would enjoy being here.
For now, the conversations that I have had with people and the friends that I have made are shaping my time here. I think I will be able to identify what shaped my time at Lincoln specifically, after I graduate in a few years.
I have definitely become more resilient, both academically and emotionally. When I became a student at the University of Oxford, and at Lincoln College, I felt like I could achieve anything. I quickly realized that a lot of the work comes from you, just like anywhere else, and that coming to this university doesn't necessarily mean you are going to succeed but it does provide opportunities. Here I learned how important a strong mindset can be in our endeavour to achieve certain goals - this insight motivated me to hold on. Both positive and less-than-positive experiences at Lincoln have helped me grow stronger as a person and realise what I value. I have become more relaxed as a result of being in an environment that is quite intense sometimes which seems both ironic and inevitable. I have become more confident in voicing my own opinions as a result of the experiences I have had here. That has not always been easy and being outspoken is still a work in progress for me but I do definitely think coming to Oxford has instilled an ability to not feel out of place when speaking to anyone, in any setting, and trust that my ideas are worth sharing.
When I heard that women had only been at Lincoln for 40 years, I was quite surprised. There are some indications that women are relatively new to Lincoln: the single permanent portrait of a woman in hall, the male-dominated body of senior academics, and the absence of a female Rector in the college's history. However, as a woman, I have never questioned my place here and have never felt like I have been treated differently because I am female. I guess that's the aim. I think a woman at Lincoln 40 years ago would not have been able to say the same which shows how far we have come. This feeling of comfort, of not even considering a time when I would not have been welcome here because I am a woman, is so valuable and I am so grateful to the women who came before me. Hearing what Lincoln alumni have to say, I do appreciate the time and effort they took to ensure women were well represented at Lincoln. At present, the population of women at Lincoln is becoming increasingly diverse at the undergraduate level which is a change in the right direction. 40 years is a milestone. Thinking about it, it means a lot.
The shared experience of identifying as a woman unites a group of people with a wide range of personalities and interests. There are so many opportunities here and so many amazing people to meet (of all genders). Each person contributes to the college through being here and creating this melting pot of opinions, ideas, influences, and experiences. The people here are worth getting to know. As a community of women, we owe it to ourselves to support each other, academically and otherwise. We owe it to ourselves to be kind to one another. Most people are at Lincoln for only a short time, but that time can be so formative. I would advise someone to think about what they want to get out of being here and work in service of that. Also, just enjoy it!
Dr Lydia Matthews
I was born in South Africa and the first time I left Africa was when I came to Oxford as a DPhil student. Moving from the very small Classics Department at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, which is where I'd been an undergraduate and graduate student, to one of the largest Classics faculties in the world, took some adjustment, but I quickly grew to love Oxford. I did my doctorate in Ancient History at Brasenose and then taught Roman History for a number of years, first at Worcester College, then at the University of Leicester, and finally at Oriel and Jesus. I came to Lincoln as Senior Tutor in 2019. The College has a well-earned reputation for friendliness and, although it's only been a few months since I joined, I've very quickly come to feel at home at Lincoln.
One of the things that I enjoy most about being Senior Tutor is getting to work with so many different people in College: from meeting the undergraduate and graduate freshers at the beginning of the year, to working with the Development Office and Bursary to make sure our students have the financial support they need, to working with our Tutorial Fellows and Chaplain and Student Welfare Coordinator to ensure that the we provide the best possible environment for our students.
I feel very lucky to have joined Lincoln in the year that we are celebrating the 40th anniversary of the admission of women to the College. One of the first events that I attended in College was the unveiling of the portraits, hanging in the Hall this year, celebrating some of the women of Lincoln who have helped make the College the place it is today. Working alongside the executives of the JCR and MCR, led by Amy and Nupur, two more inspirational Lincoln women, has left me confident that our students are continuing this tradition of inclusivity, hard-work, and talent.
One of the things I like about the work that I do as Senior Tutor is that no two days look the same. The main reason for this is that I spend much of my time talking to students and no two students are the same; we all come to Oxford with a different set of experiences and talents. We're very lucky that in a small community like Lincoln's we can celebrate these differences while all working towards the same goal of academic excellence; I spend much of my time working with students and their tutors working out how best to achieve this for each student.
Until I joined Lincoln all of my academic experience had been in the Humanities, from reading Classics and English as an undergraduate, to researching and teaching Ancient History, to working in the Humanities Division at Oxford. Since coming to Lincoln I have learned a great deal from Fellows and students who work in other areas: I have spoken about mathematical models in medicine with Professor Alan Garfinkel, about the aggressive behavior of male fruit-flies with Dani Edmunds, one of our graduate students in Zoology, and heard about the range of projects our fourth year engineering students are working on. The sense of excitement and intellectual curiosity that members of the College bring to their work across all the disciplines has made a deep impression on me.
This year, for the first time, we have more women than men studying at Lincoln. The road to full coeducation has been a long one, but it's difficult now to imagine the College without the contributions of our female students. The women of the College are still working to ensure that we have an inclusive and welcoming community at Lincoln, and, just this year have spearheaded the establishment of the of a multi-faith prayer room.
My main piece of advice would be to make the most of your time here. The opportunities you will have as a student at Lincoln are unparalleled. Use the time you have here to explore the furthest reaches of your intellectual curiosity and try to ensure that, when you leave, you have not only enriched yourself as an individual, but also your tutors and your fellow students.
Dr Natasha Phiri
I came to Lincoln in 2009, when I was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship from Zambia, to read for a Masters in Psychological Research. After completing my masters, I spent one year back in Zambia and came back to Oxford in 2011, to pursue my DPhil in Experimental Psychology. When applying for my DPhil, I had no doubt that I wanted to continue at Lincoln as it provided me with everything I could ask for a college; a rich history with its unique traditions, a vibrant graduate community and extremely supportive college staff.
Having the opportunity to pursue my DPhil at Oxford was a tremendous privilege and transformative experience. The DPhil was a challenging but rewarding experience that encouraged me to step outside of my academic comfort zone.
Beyond my academic development, I learnt a lot about what was important to me as an individual, including self-care and maintaining a good group of people around you. My support system was key in getting me through long days, grueling work, and keeping me motivated and happy.
At Lincoln, I met a group of wonderful people, particularly Abhisake Kole, Supatra Sachamitr and Beatrix Krause, who I eventually shared a home with. They were my rocks and source of encouragement, were also undertaking doctoral degrees, and could therefore share the realities of the ups and downs of it all, leading to the development of life-long friendship.
After completing my DPhil, I returned to Zambia to take up the position of Director of Research and Insights at Media 365, a company I co-founded with my siblings in 2008. Media 365 is 100% women owned and provides consultancy services in research, strategic communications, product and service design, and project management on various social issues such as health and good governance. Our clients include government, multinationals and non-governmental organisations. My role focuses on conducting behavioural research that feeds into the development of various projects. Some of the formative research that I have conducted has been used to inform national programs in areas such as water and sanitation, financial inclusion and HIV prevention.
I feel extremely fortunate to wake up every day and know that my work has impact, but it is not without challenges. In Zambia, women have a high rate of early stage entrepreneurship but often face challenges in growing their businesses. Access to finance is one of the challenges that I have faced as female entrepreneur, and while this is not a problem unique to women, women entrepreneurs do tend to have greater obstacles in accessing finance, due to a number of factors that may include bias, lack of appropriate knowledge and networks.
The years I spent at Lincoln were some of my most transformative. My perspective on the possibilities that could exist in my life was broadened. I met a diverse mix of people that encouraged me to work harder, dream bigger and do more. I had the opportunity to be of part of the MCR charities committee that has led to my continued passion for charity work. I work with a local community school who has as its vision the provision of quality STEM education at a low and affordable cost.
At Lincoln, I also spent some time in the Development Office, marveling at the commitment that alumni had towards the college and making a promise that I would continue to 'pay it forward' where I could. This influenced my decision to play a more active role in the Rhodes Scholarship community in Zambia, where I currently serve as the Deputy National Secretary.
I also learnt myself more. I thought I knew myself well but that time in my life showed me I still had a lot to learn! I learnt how to take better care of myself, the value of good friends and the importance of confidently pursuing my dreams.
It is hard to believe that it has only been 40 years since women were admitted to Lincoln! The fact that in my lifetime, women being a part of Lincoln is normal, makes me appreciate my experience so much more. However, there are so many women around the world who can't even imagine a future that includes higher education, let alone Oxford. The anniversary is a reminder that we shouldn't take our privilege for granted, that there are still barriers to overcome and we should endeavor to do all we can to ensure access to education for all. We as individuals, and as a collective, must continue to advocate for policies and opportunities that allow women to learn and pursue their education as far as they desire to.
As women, particularly women of colour, we unfortunately continue to face various cultural, societal, institutional and structural barriers in the pursuit of our dreams. We may also be challenged with voices in our heads that make us feel inferior. To the future women at Lincoln I would say, know your worth! Don't be afraid of what makes you uniquely you, listen to your intuition and be bold! Confidently pursue your passions, let your voice be heard and use every challenge as inspiration. Have a good support system and remember the amazing women who have gone before you and know that you can do it too.
Heather Mann
I come from a strawberry farming village on the edge of the former coal mining heartlands at the corner of Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. I went to the local comprehensive school where I dreamt of living somewhere more cosmopolitan and international than the rural East Midlands. I volunteered for my local Oxfam shop and was happily introduced to the Aegis Trust, a local genocide prevention organisation that took me to Rwanda at the age of 18, where I first encountered the challenges of education after genocide.
After my undergraduate, I trained with Teach First, working in Waltham Abbey in Essex and later moved to Germany where I hoped to learn German whilst teaching abroad. Teaching the British curriculum to German children awoke a number of questions about how, why and what we teach when we teach about genocide, and I thought why not study it and find out.
I had no knowledge of Oxford when I applied, and chose Lincoln purely because I used to live nearby the city of Lincoln and it was the first place when dancing on the floors of Ritzy's club that I felt like an adult.
There have been so many people that have shaped my time at Lincoln. The first was my inseparable friendship with Vincent. As an undergraduate visiting student from Paris, he was placed in the MCR by mistake, but we shared a bond as socially functioning misfits. He taught me a lot about confidence, self-hood, love, and a number of social and political discourses that were missing in my life. He told me to get over my British sensitivities and to call out others when they had done wrong. Though we fiercely disagreed on many things, I discussed anything and everything openly with him and adjusted or confirmed my historical, moral and political positions. He pushed me to be better and I miss him deeply.
I am coming to the end of my DPhil in History. My work explores the concept of collective memory and asks whether we can qualify what is collective memory of the Holocaust in England and France. To do so, I conduct life history interviews with school teachers who teach the subject, and therefore have to balance historical and social citizenship and moral meanings of the Holocaust. As teachers must be knowledgeable about history, but are not necessarily historians, they pick up their knowledge from a range of cultural and communicative sources including film, fiction, memoirs, testimony, social media and stories about the war passed down from their parents and grandparents. It changes locally and nationally, interacts with histories and memories of other events, current affairs and contemporary anxieties, and is somewhat dependent on a person's class, gender, religion and political ideology.
The challenges have been various: from mustering the courage to interview people in French (a language I hadn't used for 8 years), writing fluently and engagingly about complex and sometimes controversial topics, transcribing and translating hours and hours of interviews, and completing a project that sits across many different disciplines, each with their own codes of practices and extensive literatures.
I hope I haven't changed too much since arriving at Lincoln. I have developed greater confidence in myself. Oxford University has a skill for disturbing one's innermost anxieties and fears and I certainly had to tackle some of mine in my first couple of years of study. I must have developed resilience and self-belief at some point over the past five years.
I think Lincoln is a place where you are able to hear views that oppose your own, wherever you lie on the political spectrum, and either with new knowledge, new arguments and new perspectives, I've learnt to understand my own views, evaluate and adjust them and importantly to defend them.
Women studying at Lincoln has always been my status quo, and it's difficult to imagine a Lincoln without the presence of women. I imagine that it was challenging for the first women to break into an exclusively male environment, so I am grateful for those that came before me who made my experience the norm. There is still progress to be made to improve equality across college, and I hope the college uses this as a moment to move forwards.
I'd say take the opportunities the college offers, and when no such opportunity exists, make it happen. As a postgraduate you get to extend your studenthood and make the most of that status. Not only in student discounts, but in developing activities and interests around your studies and research. Go abroad, run for a student leadership position, create a seminar series. University is a blank space to take the initiative and make something your own.
Within college, I established Lincoln Leads which is now in its fourth year. After I lost the election for the MCR Presidentship, I decided to take the position of Academic Representative and, with the support of the rest of the committee, create something new and exciting out of the role. I wanted to bring together the different common rooms in Lincoln and make connections with the vast network of alumni and alumnae and provide a platform to share research, thoughts and insights to audiences outside of your usual seminar or conference. You can't make a success out of every failure in Oxford, but I think it's key to look for less obvious spaces where you can make a change and a positive impact. Now that I have passed the mantle of Lincoln Leads, I've applied similar formats elsewhere, through interdisciplinary History and Education outreach projects and an Oral History methodological seminar series to train the upcoming generation of historians. I'm not sure if any of these things alone will secure me a job, but I am keen to promote the DPhil as an experience where you can create something that is bigger than your thesis and see academia as a civic vocation.
Margot Harvey
My name is Margot Harvey and I'm one of the current Gender Representatives for Lincoln JCR. I am midway through my second year studying law (jurisprudence if we're being fancy) and I am really loving my time at Lincoln. I've lived a very sheltered life, growing up in Essex with four older sisters and two professional yet very present parents. I'm very aware of the fact I came to the university with an immense amount of privilege, and I came with a keenness to develop my understanding of how my upbringing has shaped the way I see the world and how to unlearn some of those lessons, and most importantly to use that privilege for something useful.
My time at Lincoln has been shaped by incredibly rewarding friendships, rigorous academic work and a growing passion for social activism. Lincoln is a really special community: far smaller than a school environment and (not to beat around the bush) physically rather tiny. Everyone is constantly on top of each other and I found myself, a rather extroverted individual, in social paradise. The friends I made in my first few weeks here I can say with certainly will be friends for life and are people I look to for frank advice, love, much needed study breaks, support, pep talks, laughter, exam prep, and sometimes all of those at the same time. My time at Lincoln has been defined by the wonderful and extraordinarily motivated people I keep around me. The academic workload that comes with a law degree here has also naturally shaped my time here significantly; it is certainly entirely different to previous and probably future experiences and is very rewarding in its own way. The passion I have for activism is also something I found in earnest when I came to Oxford. I had the privilege of acting as the Chair for the SU Campaign 'It Happens Here' in my first and second year, working towards preventing sexual violence and supporting its survivors. Campaigning alongside an incredibly supportive and passionate group has been very fulfilling.
As Gender Representative for Lincoln, my role is to raise awareness of gender issues, in practice primarily on behalf of women*. We've tried hard to be as active as we can possibly be, putting on events during the year, from Feminism & Facemasks night, to Q&As with the university's Independent Sexual Violence Advisor to demystify reporting and safeguarding processes at Oxford, to fun and inclusive social events like pub crawls for the 'Ladies of Lincoln'.
Recently, Lincoln's first Equality & Diversity Week called 'Lincoln Unites' has featured a panel of female alumni discussing their experiences and lives as women of Lincoln and an open discussion led by the Good Lad Initiative all about masculinity and mental health. We have met some challenges along the way – struggles to encourage some members of the JCR to understand the value of some female*-only spaces, to stretch our budget to do all we would like to and to push for improvements in university policy on issues such as sexual violence to ensure our students are well-looked after. Such challenges make the work we do all the more rewarding when it does pay off. We've also been lucky enough to make some amazing breakthroughs, in maintaining Lincoln's period products supply for all students and particular examples like the new Thames Valley Police initiative 'Project Vigilant' and student panel for the police, which I was invited to be a part of, all as a response to a recent open letter we passed through our JCR among others about drink spiking prevalence in Oxford.
I think Lincoln is the place where I really started to grow into myself. I have always been an opinionated and passionate person but didn't know quite what to do with those parts of myself, especially as a girl. Growing up, they tended to get me into trouble more often than not. But growing up and finding myself in an environment that is, for the most part, keen to debate and discuss, welcoming of new ideas and a place that rewards passion has been truly transformative. My understanding of equality, justice, feminism and all that comes along with those concepts has developed so much in recent years and Lincoln has been my home in that vital period.
This anniversary means a lot to me. Although it seems vaguely shocking to someone who has never lived in a world where women were not allowed to attend university and pictured those times as ions ago, it is in some ways thoroughly unsurprising. This anniversary reminds us not only of how far we have come but also of how far we have left to go. It reaffirms what we already know; that the oppression of women for time immemorial is not a concept we have outgrown but one we must still make a conscious effort to appreciate and combat. Hearing about and from some of the incredible women who have attended Lincoln and gone on to do such exciting things with their lives is so inspiring and I'm so glad to be part of a college which makes such a concerted effort to celebrate milestones like this.
The advice I would give to the future women of Lincoln would be to make the most of this wonderful place we get to call home. Oxford University in general and Lincoln in particular is such a special place, unlike anywhere else in the world, and taking advantage of this opportunity is paramount. The passion and drive of the people here is so exciting to be around and there is so much to be done. Diving into college life and getting involved in the exceptionally friendly and engaged environment that is Lincoln will do you wonders. Taking the time to get involved in areas where help is so desperately needed (volunteering for groups like Turl Street Homeless Action or fundraising for resources like Oxfordshire Sexual Assault and Rape Crisis Centre for example) is a place to put your energy and will be incredibly rewarding. My advice is to stay excited and enthusiastic, and always be in search of the best place to invest that energy.
Selina Abächerli
MSc Social Anthropology MCR E&D Rep 2019-20

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Rundu je grad u Namibiji u regiji Kavango.

Zemljopis
Rundu se nalazi na sjeveru Namibije na granici s Angolom na obalama rijeke Okavango na oko 1000 metara nadmorske visine. Godišnja količina padalina je u prosjeku 565 mm iako je u sezoni 2010./2011. bilo nešto više kiše 757 milimetara.

Povijest
Godine 1936. Rundu je postao sjedište lokalne guvernerije te je zamijenio Nkurenkuru kao glavnog grada regije Kavango. Grad je od tada izrastao u višejezični grad Kavango regije, ali njegov službeni status je još uvijek takva da je selo.Pet kilometara jugoistočno od grada nalazi se mala zračna luka koja se uglavnom koristi za turizam i prijevoz tereta.
U samom centru grada nalazi se bolnica najveća u regiji Kavango.

Stanovništvo
Broj stanovnika Runda brzo raste, tako je grad prema popisu stanovništva iz 2001. ima 36.964 stanovnika, a prema popisu iz 2011. godine 61.900 stanovnika.

Pobratimljeni i gradovi prijatelji
Čeboksari, Rusija
Nieuwegein, Nizozemska
Windhoek, Namibija

Vanjske poveznice

 Službene stranice

Izvor

Gradovi u Namibiji

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Department of Justice released the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design in September 2010, which set minimum requirements for newly designed and constructed or altered State and local government facilities, public accommodations, and commercial facilities to be readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities.[1]
IBC 2000 and IBC 2003 are referenced within the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design for areas such as a means of egress and areas of refuge. Section 207 of the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design (Accessible Means of Egress) requires that the means of egress must comply with Section 1003.2.13 of the International Building Code (2000 edition and 2001 Supplement) or section 1007 of the International Building Code (2003 edition).
Like the IBC, the ADA Standards require at least one accessible means of egress for every accessible space and at least two accessible means of egress are required where more than one means of egress is required. The accessible means of egress can include the use of exit stairways and evacuation elevators, when provided in conjunction with horizontal exits or areas of refuge. Standard elevators are not designed to be used during an emergency evacuation and will usually return to an entrance level when the building goes into alarm mode, but evacuation elevators are designed with standby power and other features according to the elevator safety standard and may be used for the evacuation of people with disabilities. The ADA Standards also acknowledge the need outlined in the IBC for areas of refuge, being fire-rated spaces on levels above or below the exit discharge levels where people unable to use stairs can go to register a call for assistance and wait for evacuation.
[1] Department of Justice, 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, p.1


text:
/**
 * @file
 * @brief Predicate --- Value Utilities
 *
 * @author Christopher Alfeld <calfeld@qualys.com>
 */

#ifndef __PREDICATE__VALUE__
#define __PREDICATE__VALUE__

#include <ironbee/predicate/ironbee.hpp>

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

namespace IronBee {
namespace Predicate {

/**
 * A Value in Predicate.
 *
 * This class is based on and similar to Field and ConstField.  In contrast
 * to Field, it provides the subset of functionality useful to Predicate and
 * some additional, Predicate  specific functionality: namely truthiness and
 * sexpr support.
 *
 * @sa ConstField
 * @sa Field
 **/
class Value
{
public:
    //! Underlying IronBee type.
    typedef const ib_field_t* ib_type;

    //! Types of values.
    enum type_e {
        NUMBER = ConstField::NUMBER,
        FLOAT  = ConstField::FLOAT,
        STRING = ConstField::BYTE_STRING,
        LIST   = ConstField::LIST
    };

    /**
     * Construct singular value.
     *
     * Only assignment, to_s(), to_field(), ib(), and conversion to bool are
     * supported.  All other operations are undefined.
     **/
    Value();

    //! Construct from ConstField.
    explicit
    Value(ConstField field);

    //! Construct from C type.
    explicit
    Value(ib_type ib);

    // Intentionally inline.
    //! Convert to ConstField.
    ConstField to_field() const
    {
        return m_field;
    }

    //! Access underlying C type.
    ib_type ib() const
    {
        return m_field.ib();
    }

    /**
     * @name Creation
     * Routines for creating new values.
     *
     * Nameless versions use the empty name.  Named versions require that
     * the name parameter last at least as long as `mm`.  Usually, this
     * means either a C string literal or a call to MemoryManager::strdup().
     **/
    ///@{

    /**
     * Create number value.
     *
     * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining value lifetime.
     * @param[in] num Number value.
     * @return New value.
     **/
    static
    Value create_number(
        MemoryManager mm,
        int64_t       num
    );

   /**
    * Create number value with name.
    *
    * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining value lifetime.
    * @param[in] name Name of value.  Must live at least as long as @a mm.
    * @param[in] name_length Length of @a name.
    * @param[in] num Number value.
    * @return New value.
    **/
    static
    Value create_number(
        MemoryManager mm,
        const char*   name,
        size_t        name_length,
        int64_t       num
    );

    /**
     * Create float value.
     *
     * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining value lifetime.
     * @param[in] f Float value.
     * @return New value.
     **/
    static
    Value create_float(
        MemoryManager mm,
        long double   f
    );

   /**
    * Create float value with name.
    *
    * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining value lifetime.
    * @param[in] name Name of value.  Must live at least as long as @a mm.
    * @param[in] name_length Length of @a name.
    * @param[in] f Float value.
    * @return New value.
    **/
    static
    Value create_float(
        MemoryManager mm,
        const char*   name,
        size_t        name_length,
        long double   f
    );

    /**
     * Create string value.
     *
     * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining value lifetime.
     * @param[in] s String value.
     * @return New value.
     **/
    static
    Value create_string(
        MemoryManager   mm,
        ConstByteString s
    );

   /**
    * Create string value with name.
    *
    * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining value lifetime.
    * @param[in] name Name of value.  Must live at least as long as @a mm.
    * @param[in] name_length Length of @a name.
    * @param[in] s String value.
    * @return New value.
    **/
    static
    Value create_string(
        MemoryManager   mm,
        const char*     name,
        size_t          name_length,
        ConstByteString s
    );

    /**
     * Alias list value.
     *
     * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining value lifetime.
     * @param[in] l  List to alias.
     * @return New value.
     **/
    static
    Value alias_list(
        MemoryManager    mm,
        ConstList<Value> l
    );

   /**
    * Alias list value with name.
    *
    * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining value lifetime.
    * @param[in] name Name of value.  Must live at least as long as @a mm.
    * @param[in] name_length Length of @a name.
    * @param[in] l List to alias.
    * @return New value.
    **/
    static
    Value alias_list(
        MemoryManager    mm,
        const char*      name,
        size_t           name_length,
        ConstList<Value> l
    );

    ///@}

    /**
     * Duplicate value.
     *
     * Unlike Field::dup(), this method does deep copying of lists taking
     * advantage of knowing that all lists are lists of values.
     *
     * This method is useful when a a Value needs its lifetime adjusted.
     *
     * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining new lifetime.
     * @return New value identical except for lifetime.
     **/
    Value dup(
        MemoryManager mm
    ) const;

    /**
     * Duplicate value, adjusting name.
     *
     * Unlike Field::dup(), this method does deep copying of lists taking
     * advantage of knowing that all lists are lists of values.
     *
     * This method is useful when a a Value needs its lifetime adjusted.
     *
     * @param[in] name New name.
     * @param[in] name_length Length of @a name.
     *
     * @param[in] mm Memory manager defining new lifetime.
     * @return New value identical except for name and  lifetime.
     **/
    Value dup(
        MemoryManager mm,
        const char*   name,
        size_t        name_length
    ) const;

    ///@cond Internal
    typedef void (*unspecified_bool_type)(Value***);
    ///@endcond

    /**
     * Convert to bool.
     *
     * Singular values and empty lists are false.  All others are true.
     *
     * @return Iff value should be treated as truthy.
     **/
    operator unspecified_bool_type() const;

    /**
     * Is null?
     *
     * Note that an empty list is a falsy non-null value.
     * @return True iff value is the NULL value.
     **/
    bool is_null() const;

    /**
     * Convert to sexpr.
     *
     * @return Sexpr representing value.
     **/
    const std::string to_s() const;

    /**
     * @name Value getters.
     *
     * All getters throw @ref einval if the wrong getter is used for the type
     * or if singular.
     **/
    ///@{

    //! Value as number.
    int64_t as_number() const;
    //! Value as float.
    long double as_float() const;
    //! Value as string.
    ConstByteString as_string() const;
    //! Value as list.
    ConstList<Value> as_list() const;

    //@}

    //! Name.
    const char* name() const;
    //! Length of name.
    size_t name_length() const;

    //! Type of value.
    type_e type() const;

private:
    // Used for unspecified_bool_type.
    static void unspecified_bool(Value***) {};

    //! Underlying field.
    ConstField m_field;
};

/**
 * Ostream Outputter.
 *
 * @param[in] o Where to output.
 * @param[in] v What to output.
 * @return o
 **/
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const Value& v);

} // Predicate
} // IronBee

#endif


text:
Home Earth News
Geophysicists Reveal Megathrust Fault Off Costa Rica
TOPICS:Costa RicaEarth ScienceEarthquakesGeophysicsGeoscienceUC Santa Cruz
By Tim Stephens, UC Santa Cruz February 12, 2018
Perspective view of the shallow megathrust looking seaward towards the trench; the frontal prism has been cut away. The color scales indicate depth below seafloor, and grey denotes the seafloor. Credit: Edwards et al., Nature Geoscience, Feb-2018
Geophysicists have obtained detailed three-dimensional images of a dangerous megathrust fault west of Costa Rica where two plates of the Earth's crust collide. The images reveal features of the fault surface, including long grooves or corrugations, that may determine how the fault will slip in an earthquake.
The study, published February 12 in Nature Geoscience, focused on the Costa Rica subduction zone where the Cocos plate slowly dives beneath the overriding Caribbean plate. Variations in texture seen in different portions of the fault surface may explain why Costa Rica has complex, patchy earthquakes that do not seem to slip to shallow depths, unlike some other megathrust faults, said first author Joel Edwards, a Ph.D. candidate in Earth and planetary sciences at UC Santa Cruz.
"Our new imagery shows large variability in the conditions along the megathrust, which may be linked to a number of earthquake phenomena we observe in the region," Edwards said.
Megathrusts, the huge continuous faults found in subduction zones, are responsible for Earth's largest earthquakes. Megathrust earthquakes can generate destructive tsunamis and are a serious hazard facing communities located near subduction zones. Understanding the mechanisms at work along these faults is vital for disaster management around the globe.
Edwards worked with a team of geophysicists at UC Santa Cruz, the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Texas-Austin, and McGill University to obtain 3-dimensional imagery of the fault interface using cutting-edge acoustic imaging technology. The long grooves, or corrugations, they observed along the interface are similar in size to those found along the base of fast-flowing glaciers and along some ocean ridges. The images also showed varying amounts of smoothness and corrugations on different portions of the fault.
"This study produced an unprecedented view of the megathrust. Such 3-D information is critical to our ability to better understand megathrust faults and associated hazards worldwide," said coauthor Jared Kluesner, a geophysicist at the USGS in Santa Cruz.
The acoustic dataset was collected in spring 2011 on the academic research vessel Marcus G. Langseth. The ship towed an array of underwater microphones and sound sources behind it as it made a series of overlapping loops over the area of the fault. The data were processed over the next 2 years and have since been used in a number of studies looking at different aspects of the subduction zone process. This particular study focused on the interface between the sliding plates, which serves as a record of slip and slip processes.
"The 3-D site selection was really good and the resulting acoustic dataset showed extraordinary detail," said Edwards, noting that coauthor Emily Brodsky, professor of Earth and planetary sciences, was the first to recognize the corrugations. Such features had been observed in exposed faults on land, but never before in a fault deep beneath the surface.
"I had an early rendition of the interface that vaguely showed long grooves, and during my qualifying exam, Brodsky saw them and asked, 'are those corrugations!?' I didn't know, but I knew they were real features. Slip-derived corrugations was a really neat hypothesis, and we dug into it after that," he said.
The area in this study had long been a target for drilling into the megathrust by the Costa Rica Seismic Project (CRISP). Coauthor Eli Silver, professor emeritus of Earth and planetary sciences at UC Santa Cruz, and others in the CRISP program decided to pursue a 3-D seismic study, which must precede any deep drilling, and the project was funded by the National Science Foundation in 2009. "At present, two drilling expeditions have been accomplished with shallower targets, and, though not yet scheduled, we are hopeful that the deep drilling will occur," Silver said.
Researchers hope to use similar imaging techniques on other subduction zones, such as the Cascadia margin along the northern U.S. west coast, where there is a long history of large megathrust earthquakes and related tsunamis. "Conducting this type of 3-D study along the Cascadia margin could provide us with key information along the megathrust, a plate boundary that poses a substantial hazard risk to the U.S. west coast," Kluesner said.
In addition to Edwards, Kluesner, Silver, and Brodksy, the coauthors of the paper include Danny Brothers at the USGS; Nathan Bangs at University of Texas, Austin; Jamie Kirkpatrick at McGill University; and Ruby Wood and Kristina Okamoto, both undergraduates at UC Santa Cruz.
Publication: Joel H. Edwards, et al., "Corrugated megathrust revealed offshore from Costa Rica," Nature Geoscience (2018) doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0061-4
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It was a breezy, chill sunrise this morning on the Bluff. I might need to switch to a slightly heavier jacket on these 50° mornings. And soon, it'll be time for longjohns and gloves and thick winter jackets too.
And isn't it always the truth, that how we see things affects how they affect us? There have been 50° mornings before, and yet even though the breeze adds a new dimension, those other 50° mornings in the summer did not feel as chill as it did today. And as I shivering, wishing for my long underwear, I had to ask myself; is it really that much colder, or do I just feel like it is?
Fortunately there was a nearby oak tree for shelter against the western winds. Small and spindly it is, but surprisingly effective at breaking the flow of the air and creating a cushion where I could stand and not be nearly as cold. And doubly fortunately, the winds were not strong enough for me to need to worry about blowing the tripod over.