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What are fiscal councils, and what do they do?
Lars Calmfors and Simon Wren-Lewis write on this topic in this VOX article.
In turn, this is based on a more detailed paper which is available here.
20 Comments on What are fiscal councils, and what do they do?
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20 replies on "What are fiscal councils, and what do they do?"
Dave, Dublinsays:
The "Diversity" section is especially interesting in the Irish context. If a fiscal council were set up in Ireland, would it have a wide monitoring role, or a more specific function, e.g. to examine the effects of the sale of State assets? If it is the second, then over time, it's function would diminish.
Also, how used to implementing independent or unpopular advice are the Irish political class. Take the example of the McCarthy Report, or the Croke Park agreement. Even worse, if the council came to be viewed as a gadfly, then it could easily be sidelined.
Paul Huntsays:
Any fiscal council worth its salt would have to be empowered and resourced by, and answerable to, Parliament – and, crucially, totally independent from government. Dismiss anything that falls short of this as it will be nobbled, sidelined or emasculated by government – or even worse captured by external forces in the way that the US Fed, SEC and Treasury wre captured by the Neocons, the financial goons and their 'useful idiot' economists in the late 1990s.
ObsessiveMathsFreaksays:
Neither link does a very good job of explaining how a fiscal council is any different to a Quango, and whether or not they are to be stocked with the same economists who talked us all into this mess. What's the point of any body or board if it's stuffed with ideologues.
Some clarification on whether the public exchequer should bother with these expenses is in order.
Zhou_enlaisays:
The devil will be in the detail as is the case with any important bureaucratic reform. Apologies for appearing lazy, but can anyone point me to the most up to date version of the fg proposal and confiation that same is on the programme for government (I am using iTouch).
A Fiscal Council is a very good idea. What the Council can do is provide credible calculations, as the Congressional Budgetary Office does, of different possible scenarios on a non-partisan basis in respect of choices that have to be made as part of the democratic process. But this would require a revolution in thinking in the Irish political system.
Something on the lines of the Dutch system would be best. (Thery never joke about money!). The ESRI could be folded into such a system without the need for extra resources provided its mandate was radically reformed .
The one major problem that would have to be overcome is the fact that economic commentary in Ireland can best be viewed as a form of light entertainment. Maybe a number of external appointees could be found to get the system up and running and to give it the required credibility internationally.
@ Zhou_enlai
Programme for Government P.23
"We will establish an independent Fiscal Advisory Council (FAC), separated from fiscal decisionmakers in government, that would undertake official fiscal macroeconomic projections and monitoring.
The Fiscal Advisory Council functions would include identifying and advising on cyclical and counter-cyclical fiscal policies and structural deficits; the cyclical or temporary nature of particular revenues; and the need to maintain an appropriate and effective tax base. The Fiscal Advisory Council will be independent of Government and will report to the Dáil and the public.
The modeling assumptions and inputs of the Fiscal Advisory Council will, as far as possible, be open to public scrutiny and its outputs would be freely available to external bodies, including in particular, the opposition parties."
http://www.socialjustice.ie/sites/default/files/file/Government%20Docs%20etc/2011-03-06%20-%20Programme%20for%20Government%202011-2016.pdf
Thanks Gavin Kostick
Jespersays:
Some additional information:
Lars Calmfors has in February resigned from chairing the fiscal council in Sweden (will step down when the mandate ends). He has denied it was due to disagreements with the finance minister. The given reason is to get more time for research.
One of the disagreements was regarding who they'd report to, the finance minister or the parliament. The request to report to the parliament instead of the finance minister was made together with a request for more funding from the finance department.
http://www.finanspolitiskaradet.se/english/swedishfiscalpolicycouncil.4.6f04e222115f0dd09ea80001437.html
& some Irish connections:
He's been interviewed on Irish radio (RTE) about the Irish situation, October 24 2010.
He is the professor who in November last year publicly said that it is not certain that a bilateral loan from Sweden to Ireland would be paid back in full.
Cormac Luceysays:
A Fiscal Council sounds very neat and dandy. We move a little bit of control of fiscal policy from the (not to be trusted) politicians and give it to the (expert) economists. But will this improve the quality of government?
A similar motive lay behind the decision to make central banks institutionally independent. How successful has that been in Ireland? Very unsuccessful I would say. Consider the most recent three governors.
Maurice O'Connell gave warnings of a bubble as far back as April 1999 when he said that there was evidence that the excessive rise in house prices had been partly driven by the ready availability of mortgage finance on generous terms. Did he do anything about it? No. Instead, on retirement, he joined the board of Depfa Bank which later went bust leaving a reported hole of €102 billion: from crying "wolf" to running with the wolves.
O'Connell's successor John Hurley presided over clear symptoms of a bubble yet he failed to diagnose it. His blithe dismissal of the dismal portents of the collapse of Irish banks' share prices in 2008 revealed a grave unwillingness to face the implications of unpleasant facts.
After the repeated failures of Central Bank governors who had originated in the Department of Finance, many greeted the appointment of Patrick Honohan with euphoria. But, examined objectively, has his performance been any better than that of his predecessors?
1. He presided over last July's stress tests which gave all our banks a clean bill of health. Three months later those stress tests were embarrassingly dumped.
2. He asserted that the debts resulting from Anglo-Irish Bank were "difficult but manageable." Three months later he led the Irish delegation which negotiated the EU/IMF/ECB bail-out.
3. He presides (still) over March's stress tests which included as a stress scenario (meaning, in Honohan's words "adverse and unlikely") a 50% fall in residential property prices from peak. The mega-auction last Friday week indicates that property prices have already fallen 65% from peak.
4. Nor do the March stress tests appear to have addressed the losses to banks resulting from tracker mortgages: a search in the CB stress test document for the word "tracker" renders very meagre results indeed. And this at a time when one bank is offering a 10% discount on accelerated tracker mortgage repayments. Implication: that bank faces a greater than 10% loss on its tracker mortgage book.
The suggestion of the Fiscal Council is that it will improve economic decision making by increasing the role of "experts" at the expense of "politicians". But, based on the independence of our Central Bank from political influences (enshrined in EU treaty law), that appears a rather far-fetched hope.
And that's before we get to the question of just how an independent fiscal council should adjudicate in an expressly political dispute such as that between UK Chancellor George Osborne (who wants accelerated fiscal retrenchment) and UK Shadow Chancellor Ed Balls (who offers a classic Keynesian warning against too much retrenchment too soon).
The behaviour of the three gentlemen above was described by TK Whitaker (himself a former CB governor) when he wrote that "The economic situation is more serious that we have been admitting officially. We have deliberately not been too pessimistic in public for fear of undermining confidence and also in the hope that as the months went by things would show a sufficient turn for the better. This hope is not being realised – indeed, it was not soundly based – and we now have to increase the corrective measures. We should also, without being alarmist, be more forthright about the nature and extent of our problems. We would be deluding ourselves if we continued to make reassuring comments on their temporary nature … There is a basic difficulty of a more lasting character and it is time we did something more effective about it."
Whitaker wrote that in October 1965 in an internal DoF memo that is quoted in Dermot Keogh's biography of Jack Lynch. It described the situation then and it describes the situation now. The crisis may change but the official mind-set doesn't. That is the mind-set which will probably dominate the new Fiscal Council.
Unlike a negligent central bank, a fiscal council is unlikely to do a lot of harm. But it is unlikely to do much good either.
@Jesper,
I don't know, but I would expect that there are enough solid parliamentarians in the Riksdag to ensure that the fiscal council reports to parliament – and to it alone – and that the finance ministry is mandated to ensure that it has sufficient resources. Perhaps the 20 or so Swedish Democrats – whom everyone in Sweden seems to wish to disown – will tip the balance in favour of parliament against the government on this matter 🙂
Having read through the various papers, the issues that come to the fore are somewhat obvious and not that numerous.
The first is the fact that there is bound to be tension between government and fiscal council (FC) if the former perceives the latter as interfering in the democratic decision-making process, including the government's right to make economically stupid decisions (at least in the eyes of the Fiscal Council).
The second is that only two basic functions can be envisaged for the FC (i) monitoring the adherence to fiscal targets and (ii) advising on the financial, taxation and probable economic impact of particular government measures.
It seems to me that the possibility of conflict with regard to the first function can be avoided if the process of budgetary forecasting and monitoring is first clearly established i.e. the system the FC is supposed to monitor is first clearly agreed.
With regard to the second, as any commentary will be a mixture of fact and opinion rather than a mathematical process, the credibility of the FC can only be built up over time, the bedrock of that credibility being (i) guaranteed legislative independence (including full right of access to official data and an obligation on the part of the institutions of the state to cooperate with it) (ii) the possibility for all democratically elected formal party formations to seek opinions from the FC on proposed government measures.
The thinking as reflected in the programme for government is muddled. "As far as possible, open to public scrutiny" are the type of weasel words which would be totally foreign to a Scandinavian audience, for example, where every citizen – at least in Sweden – has the right to view all official files (a fact which tends to make them rather thin, but that is another story).
The approach of the new government is rather like deciding the characteristics of the horse before agreeing the the type of cart it is supposed to pull.
The Swedes do not not seem to have thought the process through either. There is open written conflict between the government and Lars Calmfors, the first saying that the FC should evaluate the impact of the budgetary goals as set but not the goals themselves, the FC maintaining precisely the opposite i.e. that it is not possible to separate the two (see page 21 of Calmfors article).
In any case, the resources of the FC in Sweden are far too limited. What is needed is the Dutch approach. It might even produce a capable Minister for Finance. There is no need for a constitutional change; simply include the lucky man in the government's list of nominees for the Senate. And no need for additional large expense as the resources exist already in the ESRI and some other quangos. But that would be too simple.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrit_Zalm
The long-running debate on this blog, under the various threads, as to who to blame for Ireland's current difficulties, has an echo, I have just noted, in the current career position of Gerrit Zalm as head of ABN-Amro, now a fully state-owned bank, a fact of which I was unaware.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABN_AMRO
The Dutch just get on with it. It is time that we did the same rather than indulging in the argument of "now look what you made me do" more appropriate to the kindergarten than adult discussion.
@ DOCM
I incline to think the debate needs to be Janus faced – in order to see forward we must be able to look back.
@ Cormac Lucey.
You've covered a lot of ground in your post – may I slow over a piece of it for now:
"1. He [Governor Honohan] presided over last July's stress tests which gave all our banks a clean bill of health. Three months later those stress tests were embarrassingly dumped."
The Governer's defence of this, expressed variously but particularly with Vincent Browne, was (a) The mess in the paperwork of the banks they was much worse than they had anticipated, implying the banks were either very sloppy and/or devious, and (b) These stress tests actually had a broad and nuanced range of possibilities, but people did not want to hear, % balance of probabilities, they just wanted a number.
He didn't, to my notice, argue that these stress tests in lines across Europe, were simply designed as a publicity exercise to perk up the confidence fairy, without revealing too much of the sorry state of the EU banking system. This is what many people seem to think to be the case. Our bansk were then unable to hide their disastrous state, and round we went again.
He was then, also with VB, much more forceful that he stood over the March Stress tests. He is still a nuancer, but on the basis that the facts he had are now deeper and broader, the independence of the reviewer and the extreme levels set for the testing, he was clear that he fully expected not have to be having the same conversation as last time, further down the road with VB.
I would think that if, as you suggest, these March stress tests prove inadequate, then his reputation in his role as Central Banker will be in difficulty. Or rather, he seemed to me to be betting his reputation on these stress tests standing up.
But this also leaves us with the upcoming European Stress Tests. Governor Honohan is on the ECB of course. The difficulty is that now Irish Banks have been taken seperately, the European Banks may get on with more of a softer approach, leaving them to stagger on to 2013, while the Irish state keeps on coughing up.
I wonder what would be best for the ordinary European citizen – complete, transparent disclosure now, or a fudge hoping for the best later?
hoganmahewsays:
@DOCM
A question that interest me is why there is no capability in Ireland for non-parliamentarians to address a full session of parliament. We have our leaders occasionally address the full session of the US Congress, there's no equal facility for anyone to address either the Dail or the Seanad directly. At best they can be question in committee, but that is a limited audience.
Having a Fiscal Council that advises the MoF or even the Finance Committee is not going to be much use if the lobby fodder just vote through the whip.
@Paul Hunt,
it would probably be better if the fiscal council reported to the parliament but with the Swedish FOI it is not that important – all of their findings that they communicate to the finance minister is freely available so the parliament does have access.
The difficult part is the amount of resources and that is closely tied into what functions it is expected to have.
Too much funding can be as damaging (or actually even more) as too limited funding:
-too limited funding might lead to unability to fulfill function
-too much funding might lead to the council getting a bias towards keeping their position (and funding) instead of fulfilling their function
The function is a matter of preference (& costs):
-can the fiscal council assume that the details are in general correct & therefore focus on the big picture?
-should the fiscal council look at the details and also the big picture?
It is tricky to get the balance right. Should the fiscal council duplicate some of the work of the finance department to verify if it was done right? If so, which work?
If a fiscal council is seen as an auditor then one view might be:
Anglos auditors probably found plenty of small things wrong but might have forgotten to look at the big picture – more funding to the auditor probably would not have helped to avoid disaster but would probably have found more small things to correct….
& as for Sverige Demokraterna, I'm not a fan of them but: Their dissenting voice is causing a cozy consensus (group-think?) to be debated and while some don't like the debate, it is making Sweden better 🙂
I wouldn't hesitate to claim that some of the ones calling Sverige Demokraterna populists are themselves elitists 😉
@ Hoganmayhew
I agree and I think that the issue is covered in my comment. There is no point in putting an extra hand to advise on the bridge of the ship of state, if there are no moves by those at the tiller to prevent it from going on the rocks.
@ DOCM & Hoganmahew
Or is it as simple as saying that even now TDs should be given reports from the CB, CSO, ESRI? Not that they should swallow them whole, but that this is the info we have?
Or put it another way, are all TDs on the email list for reports froms these (and other) bodies?
@Gavin Kostick
Are they competent to read anything more than whinging constituency letters from their favoured voters?
I'm all in favour of cosy consensuses being debated. Indeed I believe they should be challenged with considerable verbal force. It's what makes me so immensely popular in certain quarters 🙂


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A Look Inside Studio Bluecerigo's New Montreal Office
Photography studio Bluecerigo hired architecture and interior design firm Alain Carle Architecte to design their new part office, part studio in Montreal, Canada.
"This new photographic agency wants to be a place of diffusion and creation as well as a place of life in its own right. For the sake of integrating daily rituals of guarding into complex working hours, a large part of the space is dedicated to the children of promoters and collaborators.
The original space has been completely restructured to create an open and versatile place. The addition of shutters to the openings allows to modulate the natural light, inherent to the photographer's work, according to a device that is both simple and aesthetic.
The space is fragmented by the implantation of "place-objects" which reconfigure the full and the empty spaces to offer unusual visual breakthroughs compared to the relatively modest scale of the places," says Alain Carle Architecte.
Location: Montreal, Canada
Design: Alain Carle Architecte
Photos: Adrien Williams
A Tour of Alfa Digital's New Moscow Office
A Look Inside Private Law Firm Offices in Melbourne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
50 shades of Saffron: Saffronising Education in India
by Gautam Ganapathy and Ranjith Kallyani
Dr.Dinanath Batra's books are popular among school kids in Gujarat.e. His books are a must-read in Gujarat. Gujarat State education minister prescribed his books as reference books complementing the prescribed text books as per the syllabus In order to get a peek into Dr.Batra's books, the following is a passage on stem cell technology in ancient India from his book titled Tejomoy Bharat.
"America wants to take the credit for invention of stem cell research, but the truth is that India's Dr Balkrishna Ganpat Matapurkar has already got a patent for regenerating body parts. You would be surprised to know that this research is not new and that Dr Matapurkar was inspired by the Mahabharata. Kunti had a bright son like the sun itself. When Gandhari, who had not been able to conceive for two years, learnt of this, she underwent an abortion. From her womb a huge mass of flesh came out. (Rishi) Dwaipayan Vyas was called. He observed this hard mass of flesh and then he preserved it in a cold tank with specific medicines. He then divided the mass of flesh into 100 parts and kept them separately in 100 tanks full of ghee for two years. After two years, 100 Kauravas were born of it. On reading this, he (Matapurkar) realised that stem cell was not his invention. This was found in India thousands of years ago."
These books have been published by the Gujarat state school textbook board and are being supplied to over 35000 schools across the state. Every book of Batra has a message from Shri.Narendra Modi, praising Gujarat state school textbook board for publishing a renowned scholar like Dr.Batra. Dr. Batra's organisation Shiksha Bachao Andolan Samiti is a 'movement that is aimed at cleansing distortions from education in India'. Dr.Batra was the brain behind the litigation against historian Wendy Doninger's book which resulted in the publisher withdrawing the book because it portrayed Hindus in a bad light, according to him. In last June the publisher Orient Blackswan has announced the suspending of several titles including Communalism and Sexual Violence: Ahmedabad since 1969 by Megha Kumar because it was claimed to be defamatory and derogatory towards RSS according to Shiksha Bachao Andolan Samiti.
In 2007, after pressure from Dr.Batra, Shivraj Chauhan (Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh) removed sex education from school curriculum saying it was against Indian cultural values. The purpose of having sexual education as part of the curriculum was to combat child sexual abuse and promote safer sexual practices and control the spread HIV/AIDS. The recent campaign to erect statues of Nathuram Godse is part of the strategy to rewrite history which fits with naked majoritarianism of the RSS brigade. In the resolution adopted at the 81st plenary session of the All-India Congress Committee (AICC) held in Bangalore, it was mentioned that 'textbooks used by Vidya Bharati (Educational Wing of the RSS) promoted negative attitude and violence towards minorities, justified the caste system, sati and child marriage as being a part of Indian culture, and contained superstitions and concocted facts inimical to scientific temper'. For him, children must be advised against Western ideas and should be moulded to create an ideal nationalist society. Times of India reported him opining that one way of achieving this ideal nationalist society is by daily visit by youths to RSS shakhas.
Education, especially higher education, has always been a preferred and vital area for Sangh Parivar to inject their ideology. What is happening now is a virulent assertion of Hindutva in the sphere of education. During the tenure of Dr.Murli Manohar Joshi as HRD Minister, J S Rajput (a RSS sympathiser) was appointed as the NCERT chairman which culminated in NCERT purging portions from history textbooks which mentioned that Brahmins consumed beef at one point in time.
India: A Hindu Rashtra
Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) president Pravin Togadia recently asserted that the whole world was once made up of Hindus and declared that the intention of the Sangh Parivar in India would be to make India 100% Hindu. Hindus currently make up 82% of the population. For him, 'safety of property and women' of the Hindu community would only be possible only if India becomes a place which is inhabited only by Hindus. The current vicious campaign undertaken by the Sangh Parivar trying to mobilize Hindus across caste barriers is a step in the direction of creating a nation state where 'Hindu' culture and traditions will have prominence over the apparently 'non-hindu' cultural practices of especially Muslims and Christians. But what is this 'Hindu' culture that is being bandied around these days after BJP's victory in the Lok Sabha elections this year?
Hindutva: A monolithic and fundamentalist construction of Indian Past
Introduction of a new naive, monolithic and fundamentalist reading of history for an uncritical and fanatical worship of a chauvinist version of one's past is common to all fascists. An appalling similarity in the educational reform can be observed across many fascists autocrats. Take an example of Hitler who invested much in developing a Nazi curriculum. The nationalist approach of history during Hitler included many significant distortions such as explaining the German defeat in 1918 as the work of Jewish and Marxist spies who had weakened the system from within; the Treaty of Versailles as the work of nations jealous of Germany's might and power; the hyperinflation of 1923 as the work of Jewish saboteurs etc. (Most frighteningly the Class X book published by the Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks presents an uncritical picture of Fascism and Nazism. This book details the strong national pride generated during Hitler, the efficiency in the bureaucracy and the administration and other 'achievements' but lacks adequate mentioning of the holocaust.)
Along with introducing changes in the school textbooks, Sangh Parivar's other strategy to saffronize higher education is to appoint RSS sympatheisers to top positions at elite institutions. Recent developments in the saffronisation agenda include appointment of Prof.Sudershan Rao who terms modern methods of historical inquiry including evidence from manuscripts, inscriptions, and artefacts found through archaeological explorations as western inspired. For him, reconstruction of past must be done through texts like Vedas which are the 'best evidence'. What qualifies a person like Mr.Rao who doesn't have a single publication in a peer reviewed historical journal to be the chairman of ICHR, is his being a member of Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana" (ABISY), a subsidiary organisation of the RSS. Unsurprisingly, among the 18 panellists Mr. Rao proposed recently to the ICHR, three are office bearers of ABISY.
The Saffron Environment
The saffronization agenda of education doesn't limit to distortion of history or introduction of mythology as sciences. A new saffron vigilante has been formed in campuses of higher educational institutions to ensure the 'smooth' (read Hindutva- friendly and uncritical) functioning of higher education institutions. It is through various programmes that this new Hindu environment is created.
Though there is a set of Hindutva branded programmes to create conducive environment for the effective operationalization of Sangh Parivar's ideology, saffronization seeps into the collective psche in a subterranean fashion which enslaves the unconscious. See some of the incidents happened in the campuses in Mumbai very recently. A few students of IITB organized a talk by a renowned scholar Dr. Dibyesh Anand on the issue of democratic rights of Kashmiri people. Though there was no opposition from any student groups or faculty, Dr. Anand was denied the permission to speak to students as an institute guest. Though the organizers did quite a lot of mail wrestling with the authorities, they were denied the sanction to organize it as an institute wide programme. On the other hand, Dr Subramaniam Swamy, who is infamous for his hard-line positions on the issue of Hindutva and the nature of Indian polity, was invited to talk in IITB during a cultural event and he enjoyed all the privileges of an institute guest. It was not an academic lecture and rife with overt political overtones that verged on the absurd as well the tasteless.
To come to terms with one's past is a much needed exercise in being able to understand the follies, absurdities and injustices that were perpetrated in the name of tradition. The current intrusion by the Sangh Parivar which is directly having a debilitating effect on the autonomy of institutions such as ICHR, NCERT and other elite institutions in India would prove to be catastrophic for the democratic and plural fabric of our country. Only through looking at ourselves critically and confronting our past, we can progress towards securing the dignity of all Indian citizens along with its natural environment. A culture of openness and courage to assimilate unsavory episodes of the past is a fundamental need which will pave the way for a more just and an inclusive India. By trampling on institutions that are to uphold the democratic and secular traditions in India, the state becomes an agent of a particular fringe which wants Indian past to be resonate to their vision of India which is constructed and not genuine. Do the Germans deny the holocaust? Yes some Germans certainly still take pride in the most atrocious killing machine that mankind has ever seen. But the majority of German citizens and the German state has confronted that unsavory period of its history and is acting accordingly.
India's contribution to the world has been tremendous for the hoary moral imagination and the finesse of our literary accomplishments. But issues like the caste system which till day remains one of the scourges of this great nation, denying dignity to millions of fellow countrymen, needs to be addressed head on. We cannot sweep it under the carpet in the name of blight to the dignity and honour of Indians. On the contrary, this kind of a denial or reconstruction of history to assuage our false pride would make us less empathetic and more virulent. Can we take pride in being violent and powerful over the weak and the dispossessed? We should become wise with history and not become bigoted and chauvinistic because the soul of this nation is not a Hindu soul (The monolithic, violent and intolerant sangh version). It is one where the human being is at the center. The soul of India is an amalgamation of the human imaginations far and wide and not monolithic as far as religion and tradition are concerned.
The perils of the recent development are not limited to distorting history and suppressing certain historians. Far and away the most ominous thing in the viciousness of the current political and cultural milieu is the self-censorship engaged in by elite institutions because they do not want to be in the bad books of the powerful. Beyond self-censorship which is very apparent with the cases illustrated above in IIT Bombay and TISS Mumbai, victimization of people who stand up to intrusion into institutional affairs of their concerned institutions has begun. The IIT Delhi director episode and the mass resignation of delegates from the Central Board of Film Certification citing intrusion are recent examples. With the suppressing of dissenting voices who are not in agreement with the campaign of the Hindu right, students are apprehensive that the democratic space that has been hard won in higher education campuses are being taken away in a systematic manner. It is time for students, faculty members and others who really believe in a democratic, tolerant and plural India to stand up and be heard. The failure to stand up against this campaign of distortion and coercion would prove much to be extremely detrimental to the democratic aspirations of millions of Indians. Another important consequence would be the complete loss of institutional autonomy of higher education institutions in this country which would have an adverse effect on the credibility of scholarship in these institutions.
50 shades of Saffron: Saffronising Education in India?
SC halts work in 26 mines operating illegally in Odisha #goodnews
#India -Sexual Violence, Consumer Culture and Feminist Politics #Vaw # Sexuality
Jean Dreze- MNREGA - The digging-holes myth
India at 70- Same Chairs, Different Bottoms
Advocacy, Human Rights, Justice, Kractivism, Law, Minority Rights, Politics, Religion


text:
House Democrats ask FBI to review Ivanka Trump's security clearance
More than 20 House Democrats are asking the FBI to review Ivanka Trump's security clearance as a presidential adviser
Updated: 5:05 AM EDT Jul 19, 2017
Pool photo
SOURCE: Pool photo
More than 20 House Democrats are asking the FBI to review Ivanka Trump's security clearance as a presidential adviser. The letter, sent by 22 representatives to Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe on Wednesday, suggests that Ivanka's SF-86 form may contain discrepancies. The Standard Form 86 requires the declaration of foreign contacts, meetings, and business interests by "you, or your spouse."The request comes amid recent revelations involving Ivanka's husband, Jared Kushner, who has had to update his SF-86 several times to add more than 100 foreign contacts, including a meeting he attended with Donald Trump Jr. during last year's election. "We are concerned that Ivanka Trump may have engaged in similar deception. For example, did she disclose her husband's meeting with Kislyak and Gorkov? Did she disclose her brother's and husband's meeting with Veselnitskaya? Did she accurately disclose her own foreign contacts in her initial filing, which reports suggest may be numerous? If in fact she did accurately disclose these meetings, who at the White House knew of Mr. Kushner's and Mr. Trump Jr's multiple contacts with Russian officials before they were made public? And, most importantly, did she discuss any of these meetings with the President, and, if so, when?" the letter asks, in part. Ultimately, however, the authority to grant/revoke security clearance to senior staff in the West Wing rests with President Donald Trump.
More than 20 House Democrats are asking the FBI to review Ivanka Trump's security clearance as a presidential adviser.
The letter, sent by 22 representatives to Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe on Wednesday, suggests that Ivanka's SF-86 form may contain discrepancies.
8th person identified in Trump Jr. meeting
House Dems pressure WH on Kushner, Flynn security clearances
The Standard Form 86 requires the declaration of foreign contacts, meetings, and business interests by "you, or your spouse."
The request comes amid recent revelations involving Ivanka's husband, Jared Kushner, who has had to update his SF-86 several times to add more than 100 foreign contacts, including a meeting he attended with Donald Trump Jr. during last year's election.
"We are concerned that Ivanka Trump may have engaged in similar deception. For example, did she disclose her husband's meeting with Kislyak and Gorkov? Did she disclose her brother's and husband's meeting with Veselnitskaya? Did she accurately disclose her own foreign contacts in her initial filing, which reports suggest may be numerous? If in fact she did accurately disclose these meetings, who at the White House knew of Mr. Kushner's and Mr. Trump Jr's multiple contacts with Russian officials before they were made public? And, most importantly, did she discuss any of these meetings with the President, and, if so, when?" the letter asks, in part.
Ultimately, however, the authority to grant/revoke security clearance to senior staff in the West Wing rests with President Donald Trump.


A gorgeous vineyard ombre wedding in Napa Valley just before the wildfires of 2017 reached the area by Tyler Chase Photography.
An elegant and rustic blue Virginia wedding with DIY details by Megan Morales Photography.
A fabulously elegant and vintage farm wedding in Florida with horses and an outdoor ceremony by Jamie Reinhart Photography.


Social Media & Photographer - You already know this, but our social media game needs work. We need likes. We need activity. We need visibility. We do a lot of things in this club and it would be awesome to brag about it online. Also, we would like to document some of our professional events, so we can reference them in later semesters. This is a really important job for the sustainability and future of VSS.
Web Design (Intern) - Danny, Patrick, and Neil will be overhauling the website over the summer, but once they are gone, someone will need to take over the site from them. Anyone willing to get experience with Squarespace and/or design should sign up!
New Member Training Leader- Asmay will be structuring the various consultant trainings but would appreciate the help of anyone willing to share their experiences with our next class of consultants. If you are willing to attend and share your expertise at a training event, have ideas on how trainings should be changed, or want leadership experience in consulting training, please sign up!
There are two ideas being thrown around right now. The first is going river rafting. This is something we had planned last fall, but we were unable to go last minute. Neil thinks river rafting would be an extremely fun and new way to do retreat. Retreat last time was planned in Arnold, CA, so we would probably be revisiting that.
The other idea for retreat was to head to a beach city. Some of the best retreats that the older members of the club have been to have involved a beach in some capacity. It's really relaxing and there are so many options for people to explore at the beach that everyone is bound to have fun. Ideas for location would be Santa Clara or Monterey.
Neil will be creating a poll soon asking for input on these ideas. If you have any other ideas for retreat, feel free to post in the Facebook group or on Slack. Neil wants to make this the best retreat you've been to!
Begin new member training with 15 minutes discussing their assignments to figure out what resources they need as a team. This should help alleviate concerns over not finding research resources and improve assignment quality.
I mainly have updates on clarifying the recruitment process, especially with deliberations, but will also briefly mention the budget. FYI there will be a much more detailed recruitment document sent out, but if you have concerns let us know now so we can add your input into finalizing recruitment.
For the most part the group interview will remain the same general format of "pitching to the VC your selected startup". Taking on the suggestions of everyone at Stakeholder's Meeting, we will start early on designing the 3 startups to be equally selectable as a company to pitch. There will be guidelines into specific questions and ways to judge say : quiet individuals, overly domineering members, and everything in between.
*Group Deliberations: At this stage of the interview process and only at this stage, we will allow vouches on case by case. We will review green lights and evaluations.
The issue that we were seeing in the past deliberations is that many VSS individuals. We will manually make a group sequence per person so that each VSS member will be active with a significant portion of the candidate pool. We understand that this will reduce the amount of great conversations that some of you mentioned and enjoyed, but this structure will allow you to meet a significant pool of the individuals.
There will be a interview training where we will outline the threshold for those to move on to the next stage of interviews. In the end, you are the interviewer and not us. We trust your opinion, but document why you scored your person/candidate so highly or poorly.
3 Stages to get in.
Instains are not IN the club.
There is no 100% way to recruit but hopefully with the addition of training and guidelines, deliberation will be as smooth as it can be while maintaining fairness in selecting candidates.
The budget is underway. We will have a best-case scenario and a worst-case scenario for budgeting in next month's newsletter. Due to the success of several clients supporting VSS financially from our own teams, we can confidently say that dues will be less than last semester. Fear not for exorbitant car fees, we will figure the car situation way in advance and optimize the budget for our college bank accounts.
Thank you so much! We will get back to you ASAP!


text:
You Deserve
More Respect
Stipulated Protective Order
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
GAINESVILLE DIVISION
REDACTED,
Plaintiff, Civil Action No.
REDACTED. INC., d/b/a
Defendant.
To expedite the exchange of discovery material in the above-captioned action (the [email protected]), to limit the use of discovery material to this Action, to facilitate the prompt resolution of disputes over confidentiality, and to protect discovery material entitled to be kept confidential, it is, pursuant to the Court=s authority under Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c) and for good cause shown, hereby ORDERED:
1. Definitions of ADiscovery Material,@ AConfidential@ and AHighly Confidential@.
(a) As used in this Order, Adiscovery [email protected] means: (i) any material produced, filed or served by, or otherwise obtained from, any party or person during discovery or otherwise in this Action or (ii) any information included in any such material. Discovery material may include, but is not limited to, deposition testimony and transcripts, answers to interrogatories, documents and tangible things produced by a party or person (whether produced pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 34, subpoena, or otherwise), and responses to requests for admission.
(b) As used in this Order, Aconfidential discovery [email protected] means any discovery material that the disclosing party or person believes in good faith contains confidential commercial, financial or other information. A party or person disclosing confidential discovery material shall designate that material [email protected] by stamping or labeling it [email protected] in a way that brings attention to a reasonable examiner. Parties or persons shall limit the [email protected] designation to discovery material that: (i) if disclosed without restriction, reasonably could result in detriment to the disclosing party or person and (ii) is unavailable from any other source. Confidential discovery material will be filed with the court in accordance with paragraph 9 of this Order.
(c) Confidential discovery material that the disclosing party or person believes in good faith contains personal information, trade secrets, or proprietary business or financial information can be designated as AHIGHLY [email protected] In addition to the limitations on the designation of discovery material as [email protected] described in Paragraph 1(b) above, parties or persons shall limit the AHIGHLY [email protected] designation to discovery material that could reasonably constitute trade secrets or other proprietary, confidential commercial information that, if disclosed to the persons described in Paragraph 3(a)(1), would result in a competitive disadvantage to the disclosing party in the product and geographic market alleged in the Action due to the existence of an actual or potential competitive relationship between the producing party, person, or entity, and other parties to this action and the material=s inclusion of specific, non-public information concerning the producing party, person, or entity=s business strategies, proprietary operational processes, revenues, costs, profits, or other information that might reasonably be used to gain a competitive advantage over the producing party. Examples of AHIGHLY [email protected] discovery material, to the extent embraced by the definition above, include, but are not limited to, business plans, market studies or surveys and confidential financial information such as tax returns, cost data and balance sheets showing profits and losses and customer lists. Information so designated shall be used and disclosed pursuant to Paragraph 4 of this Order. Any person=s designation of discovery material as AHIGHLY [email protected] will not operate to prejudice the receiving party=s right to challenge that designation pursuant to Paragraph 6.1 below.
2. Use and Disclosure of Discovery Material. Without the prior written consent of the party or person producing or otherwise disseminating the discovery material, parties or persons receiving discovery material produced or disseminated in this litigation shall not use the discovery material for any purpose other than the prosecution or defense of this Action. Nothing in this Order shall limit a producing person=s or party=s rights to use its own discovery material.
3. Use and Disclosure of Confidential Discovery Material.
(a) Limitations on Disclosure and Use: Except as further limited in this Order, a party or person receiving confidential discovery material may disclose it only to:
(1) named parties to this Action, and any employee of a party to whom the party=s attorney reasonably believes disclosure is necessary in connection with preparation for discovery or trial in this Action;
(2) non-employee counsel engaged by a party or person, and regular and temporary employees and independent contractors of such counsel;
(3) the Court and court officials involved in this Action (including court reporters or persons operating video equipment at depositions);
(4) any person designated by the Court, administrative agency or similar body of competent jurisdiction in the interest of justice, upon such terms as the Court, administrative agency or similar body of competent jurisdiction may deem proper;
(5) witnesses in preparation for or examination at deposition or trial, but only to the extent reasonably necessary to prepare and/or examine such witnesses at deposition or trial;
(6) consultants or experts retained by a party to assist in this Action; and
(7) any other person agreed to in writing by all parties.
(b) Undertaking: Before disclosure of any confidential discovery material is made to any person described in subparagraphs (1), (4), (5), (6) and (7) of paragraph 3(a), such person shall sign an undertaking in the form attached as Exhibit A to this Order. The undertakings so obtained shall be deemed work product, and the party or person who obtains them shall retain them during the course of this Action; provided, however, that such undertakings shall be subject to production in any action or proceeding to enforce the terms of this Order or to punish any violation of this Order. In the event that any person described in subparagraphs (1), (4), (5), (6) and (7) of paragraph 3(a) refuses to sign such certification, counsel seeking to disclose the confidential discovery material may seek written permission from the party or person designating the discovery material as confidential to disclose such material. The party or person disclosing the confidential discovery material may deny such permission solely on the person=s refusal to sign the required certification.
4. Use and Disclosure of Highly Confidential Discovery Material.
(a) Limitations on Disclosure and Use: A party or person receiving highly confidential discovery material may disclose it only to:
(1) counsel engaged by the party or person to assist in this Action, and regular and temporary employees and independent contractors of such counsel assisting in this Action;
(3) witnesses in preparation for or examination at deposition or trial, provided that the witness is not also described by paragraph 3(a)(1) above and only to the extent reasonably necessary to prepare and/or examine such witnesses at deposition or trial;
(4) consultants or experts retained by a party to assist in this Action;
(5) any other person agreed to in writing by all parties; and
(6) any person designated by the Court, an administrative agency or similar body of competent jurisdiction in the interest of justice, upon such terms as the Court, agency or body may deem proper.
(b) Undertaking: Before disclosure of any highly confidential discovery material is made to any person described in subparagraphs (1)-(6) of paragraph 4(a), such person shall sign an undertaking in the form attached as Exhibit A to this Order, and said form shall be served on the person or party that produced the HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL discovery material no less than twenty days prior to the disclosure of said HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL discovery material.
(c) Except as otherwise stated, when used in the remaining provisions of this Order, the term Aconfidential [email protected] applies to both [email protected] and AHIGHLY [email protected] discovery material.
5. Confidential Information in Depositions and Other Discovery.
(a) A deponent may during the deposition be shown, and examined about, confidential discovery material consistent with paragraphs 3 and 4.
(b) Parties and deponents may, within ten days after receiving a transcript of a deposition, designate pages of the transcript (and exhibits thereto) as confidential information to the extent the transcript contains material or information entitled to the designations appearing in paragraph 1 above. Such confidential information within the deposition transcript may be designated only by marking the relevant portions of the pages and inserting on such pages the appropriate designation. Until the expiration of the 10-day period during which designations may be made, the entire deposition will be treated as subject to protection as HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL under this Order. Confidential information appearing in deposition transcripts shall be tendered pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 9 of this Order, separate from the remaining portions of the transcript. If any depositions are videotaped, those portions of the videotape corresponding to portions of the deposition transcript containing confidential information shall be afforded the same status. If confidential information appears in written responses to discovery requests of any kind, such answers or responses shall be marked CONFIDENTIAL and shall be separately bound.
6. Declassification of Confidential Discovery Material.
(a) Application to strike designation: Any party seeking to challenge another person=s designation of confidential information may make, at any time until 20 days prior to the final pretrial conference ordered by the Court and in the manner prescribed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Local Rules, a motion to strike the designation. Such motion shall identify with specificity the confidential discovery material that is the subject of the motion, but shall not disclose or reveal the contents of that material except in the manner prescribed by paragraph 9 of this Order. If such a motion or application is made, all discovery material designated as confidential information shall maintain that status pending the Court=s resolution of the motion.
(b) Conference Required: Any party seeking to challenge another person=s designation of confidential information shall, prior to making a motion to strike such designation, contact the party or person that designated the discovery material and make a good faith effort to resolve any dispute concerning the designation by agreement or stipulation. A motion to strike shall identify the moving party=s efforts to comply with this subsection and shall state that the parties were unable to resolve the dispute concerning the confidential designation. A motion to strike a confidential designation made in violation of this paragraph shall be denied
7. Inadvertent Failure to Designate. The inadvertent failure of a party or person to designate discovery material as confidential shall not operate as a waiver of the discovery material=s confidential status. A party or person inadvertently producing confidential discovery material without so designating it may designate such information as confidential at any time after its production. Once such a designation has been made, the relevant discovery material shall be treated as confidential in accordance with this Order. No party or person shall be deemed to have violated this Order if, prior to notification of any later designation, such discovery material has been disclosed or used in a manner inconsistent with the later designation.
8. Inadvertent Production of Privileged Discovery Material. A party=s or person=s inadvertent production of discovery material subject to the attorney-client privilege, the work-product doctrine, or any other applicable privilege or protection from disclosure shall not waive such privilege or protection from disclosure. Within five days of receiving written notice from the party or person that inadvertently produced the privileged discovery material, any party or person with possession, custody, or control of such discovery material shall (i) promptly return all copies of such discovery material to the party or person originally producing it and (ii) not use that discovery material or the information contained therein for any purpose. No party or person shall be deemed to have violated this Order if, prior to notification of such a claim of privilege or protection from disclosure, such discovery material has been disclosed or used in a manner inconsistent with the privilege or protection from disclosure.
9. Filing of Confidential Discovery Material. All discovery requests, answers to discovery requests, deposition transcripts, briefs or any other papers that the parties or non‑parties file in this or any other action that attach, quote or refer to claimed confidential information or claimed confidential documents produced by any party or non-party, or portions of deposition transcripts that contain claimed confidential information, and which a party or non-party hereto expressly designates as confidential shall be filed under seal. Filed material that is subsequently determined not to be confidential will be unsealed.
10. Confidential Documents and Materials at Trial. The parties shall meet and confer to negotiate a proposal for Court approval addressing the treatment of confidential material at trial. Such proposal shall be submitted to the Court as a part of or contemporaneously with the Joint Pretrial Statement. To the extent the parties fail to agree on a proposal addressing the use of confidential material at trial, they may submit alternative proposals to the Court.
11. Application to New Parties and Non-Party Witnesses.
(a) New parties: The terms of this Order shall be binding upon all current and future parties to this action and their counsel. Within ten days of a new party=s appearance in this Action, counsel for the party which added the new party shall serve a copy of this Order on such new party=s counsel.
(b) Non-party witnesses: Any non-party producing discovery material or giving deposition testimony in this Action may avail itself of the confidential treatment provided for in this Order for their testimony and discovery material by following the procedures provided herein.
Further Requests for Production. If, at any time, any confidential discovery material in the possession, custody or control of any person other than the person who originally produced such confidential documents or materials is subpoenaed or requested by any court, administrative agency, or other person or entity, the person to whom the subpoena or request is directed shall immediately provide written notice to the person who originally produced such confidential documents or materials within five business days. The person to whom the subpoena or request is directed shall not take any position concerning the propriety of such request or subpoena or the discoverability of the information sought thereby that is adverse to the person or persons who originally produced such confidential documents or materials opposing the request for production of such documents or materials.
Preservation of Rights. Entering into, agreeing to or producing or receiving materials or otherwise complying with the terms of this Order shall not:
(a) Operate as an admission by any party or non-party that any particular discovery material contains or reflects any confidential matter; or
(b) Prejudice in any way the rights of any party or non-party to object to the production of documents it considers not subject to discovery; or
(c) Prejudice in any way the rights of a party or non-party to seek a Court determination whether particular discovery material should be produced.
Termination. The provisions of this Order shall continue to be binding after final termination of this Action. Within 90 days after entry of a final judgment in this Action, including any appeals, any party or person who received any discovery material designated for confidential treatment must, at the option of the receiving party or person, (i) return such documents and materials to the party or person who produced them, or (ii) certify in writing to counsel to the producing party or person that the receiving party or person has destroyed those documents and materials and the portions of all other material containing such confidential information. Confidential information filed under seal with the Court shall at the conclusion of the litigation remain permanently sealed by the Court. Counsel representing parties to this Action may, at their election, retain a single copy of all documents containing confidential information filed under seal with the Court.
Modification Permitted. Nothing herein shall prejudice the right of the parties to move to amend or modify this Order to permit the disclosure or use of discovery material produced or otherwise disseminated pursuant hereto for good cause shown and where the proposed disclosure is in the interest of justice.
Responsibility of Attorneys. The attorneys of record are responsible for employing reasonable measures to control, consistent with this Order, duplication of, access to, and distribution of copies of confidential discovery materials.


Back in the tail end of 2011, I received an email from a company called Red Maps. They found our 'Surfing on Solar Winds' track at SoundCloud.com. That track had reached its download limit, so they asked if I could send them the file.
Actually I had overlooked their email. When I realised my oversight, I quickly replied to them and pointed them to our 2009 digital album, One World One Moment, where the same track could be downloaded.
Here's how our music was featured. So cool that we have another music video!
I thought this was a very nice business model they got there. Its about creative opportunities, collaboration and reciprocal publicity. I also appreciate how they gave full credits to the collaborators (which is a lot more detailed that many videos where our CC music has been featured).
For helping put this little band on your map.
Our Series asks creative individuals to make a short film that captures the life, style and vibe of a city…using a Red Map.
We met Cristi via seeing her photography work in California. She captures people and scenes that result in incredibly fresh stories.
So, it was a no-brainer to ask her to make a film, and to see how she might visualize one of our favorite cities. Cristi Silva's LA makes one feel as though they've never seen the city before.
Ivan, Adrian and I-Ling are three Singaporeans who have up and gone pursued their dreams of creating music for the world under the Creative Commons program. Their music is available for all to hear, enjoy and download. We met them via SoundCloud.com under the name ramblinglibrarian. The music was the perfect match to give the film its soulful tour of LA.
Red Maps is a small, NYC-based company, making unique city maps that are smart, beautiful and easy-to-use. But our interest is not only maps, on our blog we highlight design in all its forms, including autos, furniture, architecture and more…we don't see a reason to limit ourselves. These short films are a way for us to collaborate with some very talented people. And if they help inform everyone about Red Maps…that's cool too. It's about having fun.
This entry was posted in Music Video, Remixed, Starfish Stories. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
4 Strings — євро-транс-проект відомого саунд-продюсера Карло Pecoopт'а і Ян де Boc, що працюють в стилі Uplifting Trance.

Resoort ось вже понад 9 років творить на європейській танцювальній сцені. Він брав участь у створенні великої кількості хітів і працював з такими відомими денс-діячами, як автор текстів Rob Davis, відповідальний за хіти проектів Fragma і Spiller, а також дуетом Rank 1.

Перший успіх, ще 2001 року, оригінальної інструментальної версії хіта «Into The Night», надихнув Карло і він вирішив додати до нього вокал і перевидати заново вже під назвою «Take Me Away» (Into The Night), що і зробив навесні 2002-го року, покоривши танцмайданчики всього світу неймовірно романтичним транс-хітом, з успіхом, що атакував практично всі денс і мейнстрім чарти «Танцювальної Планети MTV»! — двічі ставши срібним призером «MTV Dancefloor Chart»!

Першим релізом 4 Strings став сингл «Daytime», який отримав масову підтримку таких зірок світового ді-джеїнгу, як Judge Jules, Seb Fontaine, Dave Pearce, Graham Gold, Boy George і Йохан Гилен.

Вслід за цим у світ вийшов спочатку інструментальний, а потім і вокальний варіант ставшого супер-хітом треку «Take Me Away (Into The Night)», вокал для якого записала Madelyne.

Згодом 4 Strings порадували своїм новим творінням — «Turn It Around», вже реміксованним самим Карлом Резоортом, а також проектами Minimalistix, RMB, Hiver & Hammer, Cosmic Gate, World Clique й іншими.

Сингл «Turn It Around» досяг надзвичайної популярності в чарті «MTV Dancefloor Chart»!

Дискографія

Альбоми
 Believe Ultra Records 2002
 Turn It Around Ultra Records 2004
 Mainline Ultra Records 2006

Сингли
 2000 «Day Time»
 2001 «Into the Night»
 2002 «Take Me Away (Into the Night)»
 2002 «Diving»
 2003 «Let It Rain»
 2003 «Summer Sun»
 2004 «Back to Basics»
 2004 «Turn It Around»
 2004 «Come Closer»
 2005 «Until You Love Me»
 2005 «Love Is Blind»
 2005 «Sunrise»
 2005 «Desire»
 2006 «Hurricane»
 2006 «Jewel»
 2006 «Take Me Away 2006 (Remixes)»
 2006 «Mainline»
 2007 «Curious» (feat. Tina Cousins)
 2007 «Catch a Fall» (feat. Andrea Britton)
 2008 «The Way It Should Be» (vs. DJ Shaine)
 2009 «Let Me Take Your Breath Away»

Ремікси
 2002 Angelic — It's My Turn (4 Strings Remix)
 2001 Madelyne — Beautiful Child (A Deeper Love) [4 Strings Remix]
 2001 Mathias Ware feat. Rob Taylor — Hey Little Girl (4 Strings Remix)
 2001 Square — Nova (4 Strings Remix)
 2002 Minimalistix — Close Cover (4 Strings Remix)
 2002 Blank & Jones — Desire (4 Strings Remix)
 2002 Flesh & Bones — My Time Has Come (4 Strings Remix)
 2003 Symphony of Strings — Need You Now (Don't Want Your Love) [4 Strings Remix]
 2003 Carlo Resoort — Remover (4 Strings Remix)
 2006 Solid Sessions — Janeiro 2006 (4 Strings Remix)
 2006 DJ Atmospherik — Straight Flush (4 Strings Remix)
 2007 Re-Fuge feat. Nicole Tyler — So Real (4 Strings Remix)
 2009 Carlo Resoort — Lifetime (4 Strings Remix)
 2009 Jan Oostdyk — The Beginning (4-Strings Remix)

Посилання

 MySpace.com/4strings  — сторінка 4 Strings на МайСпейс
 DjGuide.nl/djinfo.p?djid=4922  — сторінка 4 Strings на DjGuide.nl
Транс-гурти

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Legibility is one of the most important factors when creating a website. Can visitors read the copy on your website? A good website is designed for ease of reading on all devices, including mobile phones. That means fonts are web-friendly, reverse type is used judiciously (white type can be dramatic but it's hard to read as body copy) and clutter is kept to a minimum.
Will visitors to your site clearly understand what it's all about? Or will they have to fiddle around to discover who you are and what you do? Once someone lands on your site, you have 15 seconds to convince him to stay. People looking for something they need are generally not very patient. The quicker they see how you can help them, the better.
Designers understand how people use websites. They know that design is a critical part of navigation. Graphic elements. Type. Colors. All of these affect how visitors move through your website. If you want those visitors to have a positive experience, you need to ensure your site is user-friendly.
You want your website to look great, and it also needs to perform. It needs to convert visitors to customers. So it's important to convince visitors to DO something. Tell them what you want them to do — sign up for a newsletter, download an article, read and comment on your blog, send you an email, register for that workshop, purchase something, call you, etc.
Is your website designed to be shared socially? Have you made it easy for visitors to share pages, images, articles and other content? Make it a priority to ask visitors to share your content with colleagues and friends. Then add social media icons to make it easy.
Your website is the online version of your brand. It's one that all the world will see. The look and feel of your site should be consistent with any other marketing materials you have produced. This goes for your social media pages as well. Colors, fonts, design, copy style and voice should all look like they came from the same company.
If your website is missing any of the above items, give me a call. I can help you create a superior site that will work to grow your business. Contact me today!


text:
Charles-Simon Catel, född den 10 juni 1773 i Laigle, död den 29 november 1830 i Paris, var en fransk kompositör och musikteoretiker.

Catel blev 1795 professor vid det nygrundade konservatoriet i Paris. Hans främsta verk är Traité de l'harmonie (1802), som utgör ett framsteg i förhållande till Rameaus äldre harmonilära och allmänt lades till grund för musikundervisningen i Frankrike. Hans operor – Sémiramis (1802), L'auberge de Bagnères (1807; "Värdshuset i Bagnères", 1817), Les Bayadères (1810) med flera – höll sig däremot inte länge på scenen. Catel komponerade även kammarmusik samt en mängd marscher för revolutionskrigen.

Källor

Franska klassiska kompositörer
Franska operatonsättare
Franska musikteoretiker
Musikologer under 1800-talet
Franska musiker under 1800-talet
Födda 1773
Avlidna 1830
Män
Ugglan


text:
Marjean Carr Postlethwaite
Relationship to conference: Wife of elder, Rev. R. Deane Postlethwaite, who died in 1980.
Date of death: March 13, 2019 at age 93
Arrangements: A memorial service will be held at 2 p.m. March 23 at the First Congregational Church of Minnesota (500 8th Ave. SE, Minneapolis).
Appointment information: Rev. Postlethwaite was ordained as a deacon in 1956 and as an elder in 1958. He served churches in the Twin Cities area (Prospect Park, Good Samaritan, and Minnehaha UMCs). Mrs. Postlethwaite served in music ministry at these churches.
Mrs. Postlethwaite was preceded in death by her first husband, Rev. Postlethwaite, and her second husband, Rev. Trevor Hausske. She is survived by her children, Diana Postlethwaite (Paul Thiboutot), David Postlethwaite (Angela Fiero), and Rev. Martha Postlethwaite (Bruce Almquist); four grandchildren; five great-grandchildren; Rev. Hausske's children Kristine Rose and Evie Fuson; six grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren. Rev. Martha Postlethwaite currently serves The Recovery Church in St. Paul.
Memorials are preferred to the First Congregational Church or the Minnesota Orchestra.
Cards of condolence can be sent to Rev. Martha Postlethwaite, 1036 Goodrich Ave., St. Paul, MN 55105.
An obituary can be read on the Star Tribune website.


text:
The Franchise Kings: #1 Sylvester Stallone
Kicking off our franchise kings list, is an actor that has one of the best records for creating or being part of enjoyable and enduring franchises like no other. Many of his 'solo' efforts have also achieved cult status, some for good reasons and some not so much, but if ever you wanted to see a 'poster boy' for franchise supremacy, Sly is definitely one of the top kings.
Born in 1976, the Rocky franchise was the first of Stallone's franchises and is arguably the most popular of them all. It tells the story of Rocky Balboa a.k.a. The Italian Stallion, a small town boxer, part time debt collector who lives in the slums of Philadelphia. Through a chain of events, Rocky finds himself in a position to fight for the heavyweight title of the world and what follows is the tale of an underdog fighting in both the ring and in life to make something better of himself. Made for $1,000,000 and written by Stallone himself, Rocky went on to gross $225,000,000 at the box office and also went on to win 3 Oscars, including the Best Film category. The film spawned miss-and-hit sequels in the forms of Rocky II, III, IV, V and Rocky Balboa and then became a spin-off franchise in the form of Creed. Creed has also birthed a sequel and looks like it may bare the same fruit as Rocky.
Based on the 1972 novel First Blood by David Morrell, John J. Rambo is a former Special Forces Green Beret, who has returned to America to no fanfare or any general 'welcome home'. In fact, Rambo and other U.S. soldiers who fought in Vietnam have returned to the very opposite and with this vilification coupled with PTS, John has been led into hard times. In not being able to adjust to civilian life, Rambo turns nomad and travels the U.S. looking for his Vietnam buddies. However it is revealed early on in the first film First Blood (1982 ) that the war for some of the soldiers that did return home still goes on, as his first find leads to the notification of a comrades death, courtesy of agent orange. In looking for a diner in a small town, Rambo is approached by a sheriff who takes an instant disliking to him and tries to make sure he steers clear of his small peaceful town. After being personally escorted to the town's outer limits by the sheriff, a peacefully defiant Rambo, turns right back around and heads straight back into the town where he is eventually arrested by the same sheriff. Treated unfairly and harshly within the police station, the combined actions of the sheriffs, lead to Rambo having a Vietnam prison-camp torture flashback and he is triggered into survival mode. Taking out all the sheriffs (not fatally) and fleeing, he sets off into effect one hell of a manhunt, where the odds are actually in his favour because he is that much of a badass. All the Rambo films have something to say about the consequences of war, war crimes and politics, but none of them dwell on the facts or are too preachy. First Blood cost $15,000,000 to make and grossed $125,000,000. It spawned Rambo: First Blood Part II, Rambo III, John Rambo and Last Blood which is in post-production.
The Dirty Dozen movies were a popular form of action drama in their hayday and the formula has been copied many times for cinema and TV. And so in the premise of an ensemble cast being put together, from bonafide action stars, the idea of The Expendables was a major selling point, even before the movie was made. To this day, the casting choices and speculation for each approaching sequel probably remains more important than the story itself, as admittedly, off the top of my head, I can only really remember the story for The Expendables III, but I can remember which action stars were in each movie. In The Expendables franchise, we would come to see some of the biggest, mainstream, cult and underground action stars of the 70s, 80s, 90s, 2000s and present day, all come together to be both a force of evil and good and duke it out amongst themselves. These major action star mash-ups have now spawned countless worldwide wishlists of action heroes people would like to see mixing it up and are they are still being drafted today - including an all female proposition. The Expendables was made for $80,000,000 and grossed $274,500,000, leading to Expendables 2, 3 and a 4th that is in pre-production.
Ray Breslin is a top security expert who exposes the flaws of supposed top secure facilities. He does this by being genuinely incarcerated and then breaking out from them. In his toughest assignment, he is double-crossed and left inside the most dangerous, formidable incarceration unit in the known world and has to use every skill he has acquired. Where as the first Escape Plan came out to good reviews and grossed $137,300,000 against its $54,000,000 budget, Escape Plan 2: Hades came out to poor reviews and an abysmal box office. Costing $20,000,000 to make, the sequel only grossed $16,000,000 and went straight to DVD. Escape Plan 3: The Devil's Station was already in pre-production when the second was being filmed and so it's interesting to see where they will go.
LEGACY: When audiences want to see your characters 38-42 years after they first arrived, you know you have created or been part of an enduring franchise. Countless imitations, pop-culture references and films that have been inspired by Rocky and Rambo in particular are too numerous to mention. But just how many films are there in existence, where we see where a lone warrior who was a military vet of some kind, with one helluva skill set come out and take out some mass of bad guys? That premise alone in characterisation is probably one of the most used in action cinema. Then with Rocky, every boxing film can't help but borrow a little something from his story, don't forget, even Martin Scorsese's Raging Bull comes after Rocky and films that came before are hardly celebrated or remembered beyond the generation that was around too see them at the time.


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Home > SOCIAL MEDIA > Twitter removes the 140-character limit from Direct Messages
Twitter removes the 140-character limit from Direct Messages
August 13, 2015 February 15, 2016 Staff Writer
Twitter has today removed the 140-character limit on direct messages (DMs) for all users. The move was first flagged in June, hours after CEO Dick Costolo announced he'd be standing down as CEO of the social platform. From today, the change becomes reality, as the update is rolled out to users across the world.
The changes referred to here being the removal of restrictions on who can DM whom – previously you could only DM those following you, now users have the choice to receive direct messages from anyone – and the addition of group direct messages for wider, private group discussions. And while some have been skeptical about the decision to remove the character limit on DMs, the move will add to the wider functionality of the platform, particularly from a customer service standpoint – and that, precisely, is where this addition is aimed.
A Twitter GIF Image showing longer DM's
See the official announcement on Twitter Blog:
If you've checked your Direct Messages today, you may have noticed that something's missing: the limitation of 140 characters. You can now chat on (and on) in a single Direct Message, and likely still have some characters left over.
While Twitter is largely a public experience, Direct Messages let you have private conversations about the memes, news, movements, and events that unfold on Twitter. Each of the hundreds of millions of Tweets sent across Twitter every day is an opportunity for you to spark a conversation about what's happening in your world. That's why we've made a number of changes to Direct Messages over the last few months. Today's change is another big step towards making the private side of Twitter even more powerful and fun.
You may be wondering what this means for the public side of Twitter. In a word, nothing. Tweets will continue to be the 140 characters they are today, rich with commentary as well as photos, videos, links, Vines, gifs, and emoji. So, start working on those sonnets.
We'll begin rolling out this change today across our Android and iOS apps, on twitter.com, TweetDeck, and Twitter for Mac. It will continue to roll out worldwide over the next few weeks. If you can't wait to try out longer Direct Messages, be sure you're using the latest versions of our apps so you get the update right away. Sending and receiving Direct Messages via SMS will still be limited.
Adapted from Twitter Blog
Enter ABC.xyz: Google will now be part of Alphabet
Developing Future African Leaders — Q&A with Wadzi Katsidzira of the African Leadership Academy


1. Some people will not want to date you because they hate some facet of your apartment. Fine. How is this noteworthy?
2. 70-year-old Albert Podell, a wealthy lawyer living in a rent-controlled apartment with decor that hasn't changed since 1973, is a freak.
3. "I don't think I could ever like somebody who got their lighting wrong," says freelance book editor Michele Slung. She "insists on pink light bulbs, her preferred shade being Dawn Pink." I hope your cats look lovely in Dawn Pink, lady, 'cause they will be your only companions if you insist on using lighting as a litmus test for potential dates.
Help! Sugar Gliders Have Stolen My Heart!


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Category obstruction of justice
https://criminallaw.uslegal.com/crimes-against-justice/obstruction-of-justice/
Obstruction of justice is a criminal offense of interfering with the (1) administration or process of law, (2) withholding material information or giving false testimony, …
Statute of Limitations – Tolling The Statute – Time, Action, Tolled, and Debt – JRank Articles
Statute of Limitations – Tolling The Statute
Source: Statute of Limitations – Tolling The Statute – Time, Action, Tolled, and Debt – JRank Articles
By song boat • Posted in About Lee County Attorney Mike Short, Corrupt local government officials, Intentional negligence, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, Private Property Rights
Protecting Civil Rights: A Leadership Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement
PROTECTING CIVIL RIGHTS:
A Leadership Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement
Protecting Civil Rights: A Leadership Imperative
All law enforcement leaders recognize the ethical and legal imperatives to which they and their officers must adhere to ensure that civil rights of all individuals in their communities are protected. Law enforcement officers, in fact, are the most visible and largest contingent of the nation's guardians of civil rights. Every police officer commits to upholding the nation's prime guarantor of rights, the U.S. Constitution, when sworn into office. To be effective, a police department and its individual officers must be seen primarily as protectors of civil rights, rather than agents of social control whose main purpose is to limit individual freedoms. The effectiveness of police in their varied missions—from law enforcement to community service—depends on the trust and confidence of the community. Public trust and confidence are severely reduced when individuals' civil rights are compromised. And when any community perceives that its civil rights are systematically violated by the police, all sense of trust, cooperation, and partnership between the police and that community will be undermined. Understanding these ethical imperatives, law enforcement leaders must be continually vigilant to ensure that the actions of their officers do not violate civil rights and do not compromise public support. Officers are granted a tremendous amount of authority and discretion to enforce the law, that is, to protect individual rights from being infringed upon by others in the community. At the same time, officers themselves must act within the confines of the Constitution while executing their tremendous power and wide discretion. They must never consider themselves above the law while executing their responsibility to enforce the law. This commitment is what distinguishes police in constitutionally based, democratic societies like ours from police in nondemocratic countries, where they too often are perceived as oppressive agents of a government whose main purpose is to restrict, rather than protect, the rights of civilians.
Across the United States, law enforcement personnel have an overwhelmingly positive record of accomplishment for respecting and protecting civil rights. Leaders should find it heartening and a source of pride that the vast majority of the countless interactions that officers have with civilians result in actions that are conducted lawfully, professionally, and within constitutional boundaries. The fact that the overwhelming majority of police officers routinely respect civil rights under the most trying and volatile conditions is remarkable. Given the risks inherent in police work and the grave consequences that can occur when civil rights are violated, law enforcement leaders must be unwavering in holding their officers accountable. Their officers are vested with authority and discretion that can be abused. Unlike any other profession, the possibility of violating civil rights, or being perceived as violating civil rights, is inherent in many of the duties officers are required to perform on a day-to-day basis. Unfortunately, the notoriety and harm that arise from even isolated instances of civil rights violations can easily overshadow the vast majority of police-civilian encounters that are performed respectfully and professionally. Law enforcement leaders bear the tremendous responsibility to ensure that individual officers and units within their agencies uphold the law and its most basic guarantees.
Realistically, law enforcement leaders recognize that on rare occasions officers will violate a civilian's civil rights, wittingly or unwittingly. On even rarer occasions, groups of officers or small factions within an agency may act without regard for civil rights, perhaps even asserting that effective law enforcement can come only at the expense of civil rights. Leaders must be resolute in their responses to isolated incidents of civil rights violations to minimize damage and set a clear example. In the case of officers who systematically violate civil rights, their behavior must not be tolerated and action must be decisive and uncompromising.
Effective leaders, supported by the managers who serve them, must strive to identify and intervene when officers exhibit potentially problematic behavior before it escalates to the point of violating civil rights. Against this backdrop, the seriousness of law enforcement leaders' responsibility to communicate a consistent and far-reaching commitment to civil rights protections cannot be overstated. Although laws, departmental policy directives, and standard operating procedures are critically important, law enforcement executives' leadership and communication skills are the most critical elements for ensuring that officers regularly exercise sound judgment and engage in professional and ethical policing. Law enforcement leaders can and must demonstrate a fundamental and complete allegiance to civil rights protections in a coordinated manner using multiple approaches. They must clearly convey a simultaneous commitment to effective law enforcement and civil rights protection; they must codify this commitment in their agency's mission statements; they must ensure that their department's policies are clear, sound, and consistent with civil rights guarantees; they must train and supervise officers in manners that are consistent with this commitment; and they must respond to alleged civil rights violations with vigilance and with fair and decisive action. As law enforcement leaders succeed in these regards and make these efforts transparent to the public, they validate the core premise that civil rights protection is not only an ethical and legal imperative but a practical imperative as well. Protecting civil rights is good for police, good for the community, and essential for maintaining the partnerships that must exist between the two.
Federal Investigations: A Response to "Patterns or Practices" of Civil Rights Violations Despite the ethical, legal, and practical imperatives to protect civil rights, law enforcement officers occasionally abrogate their oaths. When these unwitting or intentional violations of citizens' civil rights go unaddressed, they can escalate into more widespread patterns or practices of civil rights violations that can undermine the credibility of an entire law enforcement agency and erode public trust and confidence. Moving beyond isolated instances, pattern or practice violations of civil rights comprise an urgent call to law enforcement executives and the municipal, county, or state governments under which they serve to reassume the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that officers uphold their oaths of office and adherence to constitutional guarantees.
During the last decade, the federal government has responded to such situations in the rare, but urgent circumstances where allegations of pattern or practice civil rights violations have arisen. The passage of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public Law No: 103-322) enabled the federal government to take action to remedy any pattern or practice of conduct by state and local law enforcement agencies "that deprives persons of rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States." In response to this enabling legislation, the Special Litigation Section of the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice assumed the responsibility for investigating alleged pattern or practice civil rights violations and for establishing remedies to such violations.
During the last decade, the Special Litigation Section has investigated an array of alleged pattern or practice civil rights violations including the following:
Unlawful or excessive use of force
Inadequate training on use-of-force techniques
Illegal stops and searches
Intimidation by police
Harassment of civilians in retaliation for reported misconduct
Inadequate supervision
Failure to investigate alleged officer misconduct.
Investigations by the Special Litigation Section resulting in a determination of actionable civil rights violations generally have been resolved through negotiated agreements in the form of memorandums of agreement (MOA) or consent decrees. Through such agreements, the federal government and law enforcement agencies agree to a course of action to correct the patterns of civil rights violations and to remedy the conditions that allowed the violations to occur. Since 1994, 14 agencies have been or currently are under federal monitoring as a result of civil rights violation investigations. While these 14 agencies represent an infinitesimal fraction of the country's nearly 18,000 state, county, local, tribal, and special jurisdictional law enforcement agencies, the impact of these federal investigations and agreements has been and continues to be profound and far-reaching.
By song boat • Posted in Code of Ethics, Conspiracy with intent to cause financial harm, Constitutional Rights, Deprivation of Rights under Color of Law, Domestic Terrorism, equal protection of the law, Fraud, Illegal building permits issued for illegal redevelopment of legally nonconforming property, Intentional negligence, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, perjury, Poisoned By My Neighbor From Hell, Private Property Rights	• Tagged Code of ordinances, conflict of interest, Conspiracy, Constitutional Rights, Corrupt local government officials, Deprivation of Rights under Color of Law, ethical violations, Fraud, knowlingly making false statements, law, liability, Montrose. Ia, perjury, private property, property rights, Public Corruption, suppressed evidence, tampering with evidence, Trespass, violation of rights
18 U.S. Code § 245 – Federally protected activities | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
Source: 18 U.S. Code § 245 – Federally protected activities | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
By song boat • Posted in About Lee County Attorney Mike Short, About Lee County Detective Bob Conlee, Code of Ethics, conflict of interest, Conspiracy, Constitutional Rights, defamation of character, Deprivation of Rights under Color of Law, equal protection of the law, Intentional negligence, knowingly making false statements, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, perjury, Poisoned By My Neighbor From Hell, Private Property Rights, Public Corruption, Terrorist Acts using Chemical Weapons with intent to cause serious injuries or death, Violation of Federal Law
18 U.S. Code § 242 – Deprivation of rights under color of law | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
Source: 18 U.S. Code § 242 – Deprivation of rights under color of law | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
By song boat • Posted in About Lee County Attorney Mike Short, About Lee County Detective Bob Conlee, conflict of interest, Corrupt local government officials, Council member/fire chief/building official Mark Holland, Deprivation of Rights under Color of Law, Intentional negligence, knowingly making false statements, Mark Conlee, Mayor Ron Dinwiddie, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, Private Property Rights, Public Corruption, Violation of Federal Law	• Tagged About Celeste Cirinna, Constitutional Rights, Corrupt local government officials, Council member/fire chief/building official Mark Holland, Deprivation of Rights under Color of Law, ethical violations, glyphosate, Lee County Attorney Mike Short, private property, Steve Swan
18 U.S. Code § 241 – Conspiracy against rights | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
Source: 18 U.S. Code § 241 – Conspiracy against rights | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
By song boat • Posted in About Lee County Attorney Mike Short, About Lee County Detective Bob Conlee, Code of Ethics, conflict of interest, Conspiracy, Constitutional Rights, Corrupt local government officials, Council member/fire chief/building official Mark Holland, Domestic Terrorism, equal protection of the law, Intentional negligence, Mark Conlee, Mayor Ron Dinwiddie, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, perjury, Police Chief Brent Shipman, Private Property Rights, Public Corruption, Violation of Federal Law
18 U.S. Code Chapter 13 – CIVIL RIGHTS | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
Source: 18 U.S. Code Chapter 13 – CIVIL RIGHTS | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
By song boat • Posted in conflict of interest, Deprivation of Rights under Color of Law, equal protection of the law, Intentional negligence, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, perjury, Poisoned By My Neighbor From Hell, Public Corruption, Terrorist Acts using Chemical Weapons with intent to cause serious injuries or death, Violation of Federal Law
The FBI holds pursuing public corruption a high priority . Thank you US attorneys and the FBI.
Oh my this would be similar to the criminal offenses committed by City of Montrose, Ia clerk Celeste Cirinna. City of Montrose. Ia clerk Celeste Cirinna
Norfolk City Treasurer Anthony Burfoot sentenced to six years behind bars
"When elected officials engage in corruption it erodes public confidence in our democratic system of government," said Dana J. Boente, U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia. "Burfoot's well-publicized criminal exploits have eroded public confidence in how their tax dollars are used and managed, and his selfish actions feed the worst perceptions about public employees, of whom the vast majority perform their duties selflessly and admirably. I want to thank the Assistant United States Attorneys and the FBI for their diligence and dedication in pursuing this important case."
By song boat • Posted in Celeste Cirinna, Executive Manager, City of Montrose, Ia, Code of Ethics, Code of Ordinances - City of Montrose, Lee County, Iowa, conflict of interest, Conspiracy, Constitutional Rights, Corrupt local government officials, equal protection of the law, Fraud, Mark Conlee, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, Poisoned By My Neighbor From Hell, Private Property Rights, Public Corruption, Violation of Federal Law	• Tagged Code of ordinances, Conspiracy, Constitutional Rights, ethical violations, Fraud, law, property rights, Public Corruption, tampering with evidence, violation of rights
Held as a high priority issue for an investigation into Public Corruption by the FBI. Existing Conflicts of Interests Among City of Montrose and Lee County, Ia. Officials
Existing Conflicts of Interest between the individual local government officials in regard to the illegal property redevelopment, illegally issued building permits, intentional negligence by Appointed Building Official Mark Holland. Named as a relevant issue for warranting a public corruption investigation by the FBI.
Conflict of Interest existing between named Government officials
Mayor Ron Dinwiddie Seller Lot 105 N 5th St Buyer Mark Conlee
Members on Montrose Volunteer Fire Department, (relevant due to suspicious fire)
Mayor Ron Dinwiddie Mark Conlee
Council Member/BCA, Fire Chief Mark Holland Council Member Jeff Junkins
Council Member Jeff Junkins Council Member Mark Conlee Linda Conlee
Lee Co. Detective Robert (Bob) Conlee Siblings Mark Conlee
Council Member Mark Holland Siblings Member Judy Brisby
Lee County FEMA Officer Steve Cirinna spouses City Clerk Celeste Cirinna
City of Montrose and Lee County, Iowa Law Enforcement\
Lee Co. Detective Robert Conlee special relationship Lee Co. Attorney Michael Short
Lee Co. Dep. David Hunold special relationship. Montrose Police Chief Karl Judd
Montrose Chief of Police Brent Shipman Lee County FEMA Officer Steve Cirinna
By song boat • Posted in About Lee County Attorney Mike Short, About Lee County Detective Bob Conlee, Celeste Cirinna, Executive Manager, City of Montrose, Ia, Code of Ethics, conflict of interest, Conspiracy, Constitutional Rights, Corrupt local government officials, Council member/fire chief/building official Mark Holland, equal protection of the law, Intentional negligence, Mark Conlee, Mayor Ron Dinwiddie, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, Poisoned By My Neighbor From Hell, Police Chief Brent Shipman, Private Property Rights, Public Corruption, violation of City nuisance drainage ordinance., Violation of Federal Law	• Tagged About Celeste Cirinna, Code of ordinances, code official, conflict of interest, Conspiracy, Constitutional Rights, Corrupt local government officials, defamation of character, Deprivation of Rights under Color of Law, ethical violations, Fraud, Good old Boy Network From Hell, Suppressed Evidence, illegally nonconforming property redevelopment, Intent to cause financial harm, knowlingly making false statements, Lee County Attorney Mike Short, liability, Mark Holland, nuisance abatement, Poisoned By My Neighbor From Hell, Public Corruption, suppressed evidence, violation of rights
Did you know that occupying on private land protected by Property rights is considered a trespass? The law will find you guilty and can send you away for a couple of months or pay some hefty fee you'll probably regret. So to avoid such a debacle, here are some facts about property rights and trespassing
via Property Rights And Trespassing — The Judge's Chamber: Law Blog
By song boat • Posted in Constitutional Rights, Corrupt local government officials, Domestic Terrorism, equal protection of the law, Glyphosate affects to the skin, Intentional negligence, Mark Conlee, Montrose and Lee County, Iowa, obstruction of justice, Poisoned By My Neighbor From Hell, Police Chief Brent Shipman, Private Property Rights, Public Corruption, State Representative Jerry Kearns, Terrorist Acts using Chemical Weapons with intent to cause serious injuries or death, Violation of Federal Law	• Tagged chemical weapon, Conspiracy, Constitutional Rights, Corrupt local government officials, Deprivation of Rights under Color of Law, EPA, ethical violations, glyphosate, law, liability, Montrose. Ia, private property, property rights, psychopathic personality disorder, Public Corruption, suppressed evidence, terrorist act, Trespass, violation of rights


Police in Sussex are warning students and other young people about the dangers of getting caught up in money laundering scams when they are making multiple job applications.
Detective Inspector Till Sanderson of the force's Economic Crime Unit said; "We have had two recent instances of young people supposedly being "employed" by companies in America and then being asked by them to transfer funds placed in their accounts, onward overseas.
"In both cases the people concerned thought they had been given genuine jobs and have just become suspicious later.
In one incident the man had accepted an apparent online job offer purporting to be from a promotions company in Florida, and forwarded on £3,400 to an account in Turkey before his bank became suspicious.
The woman had accepted an online 'job' as a data inputter with a supposed New York City company, and had similarly forwarded on some £1,710 to a Ukraine account before suspicions were aroused.
Police and anti-fraud experts advise great caution over unsolicited emails or approaches over social media promising opportunities to make easy money.
Money mule adverts or offers can take a variety of different forms and they may even copy a genuine company's website and have a similar web address to make the scam seem authentic.
These adverts will normally state that they are an overseas company seeking 'UK representatives' or 'agents' to act on their behalf for a period of time, sometimes to avoid high transaction charges or local taxes.
The advert may be written in poor English with grammatical and spelling mistakes.
If you have already disclosed your bank account details or received money into your account and you think it could be a money mule scam, you should contact your bank immediately.