text:
Q: Conditional stylesheets from Chrome-IE compatibility I have the following code in my html:
<link href="~/App_Themes/Default/core.css" rel="Stylesheet" />
<!--[if gte IE 7]>
    <link href="~/App_Themes/Default/ie.css" rel="Stylesheet" />
<![endif]-->

To my understanding, this says the following:
To Chrome
Load core.css to use on this file, the rest is a comment, so ignore that
To IE
Load core.css to use on this file... Oh wait, you're IE, so load ie.css instead
So far the ie stylesheet is overwriting the Chrome stylesheet in ie as it should, but the problem I'm having is that Chrome also reads ie.css which is ruining positioning of certain elements on the page
I've tried <!-- if !IE]>... and a few connotations of this and still have had no joy.
I've thought about just surrounding the elements in IE conditional comments with a different name, but that's a lot messier in the code.
All I need is to isolate the rules between the browsers (so that ie.css loads in Chrome/Firefox/etc and ie.css loads in IE)
Thanks, Ortund

A: As I mentioned in the comments, you missunderstand the conditional option. The IE7 will load both files and invoke the deinitions. For isolationg css style you have to mark the class names with special names.
Here an example:
Imagin there is a css rule:
.headless .content {background-color: yellow;}

All browser will understand this. If you want to change the background only for IE 7 you habe to define the rule as follow:
*:first-child+html .headless .content {background-color: red;}

How does it work:
Chrome browser:
.headless .content is a valid statement for me, so I will invoke it
:first-child+html .headless .content

is an invalid statement for me, so I will ignore it.
IE7:
.headless .content
 is a valid statement for me, so I will invoke it
:first-child+html .headless .content
is also a valid statement for me, so I will invoke it either. And because the last statement does always win, I coulor the background red.
The keyword for it "cross browser hacks"

A: style.css:
body {
   color: red;
}

msie.css:
body {
   color: blue;
}

index.html
[...]

<link href=/css/style.css rel=stylesheet>
<!--[if IE]><link href=/css/msie.css rel=stylesheet><![endif]-->

[...]

<body>I am red in all browsers but blue in MSIE</body>

You should follow this example and keep in mind about the specifity of the CSS statements.

A: Try
<!--[if lt IE 9]>

<![endif]-->


Huawei's subbrand Honor just revealed some details about their upcoming flagship premium smartphone Honor Magic 2 through social media. The company does not hide anything mysterious in the teaser images and reveals the device name clearly. Considering the official teaser, the company is hosting a launch event for the smartphone by the end of this month, to be precise, on October 31st.
Huawei Magic 2 comes with an entirely sliding panel, which looks almost similar to the OPPO Find X at a glance from the front look. But the other teaser images reveals that the company has plans for a sliding front camera design and not a motorized elevating camera portion, unlike OPPO Find X. The manual sliding mechanism almost reminds us of the Nokia's old sliding devices, especially from N-series. However, the entire body panel is divided for the sliding. The back panel slides upwards while the front is slid down. The company is clearly making an attempt to manufacture completely bezel-less displays.
We are not sure how durable the sliding smartphone would be. However, it might not last long since the sliding parts are completely outside the device and it slips between the back and front panel in a whole. The major hardware features might include the top-notch HiSIlicon Kirin 980 AI Chipset at 6GB RAM on the board, We are not enlightened with the other hardware specifications of the Honor Magic 2 smartphone.
Would the new sliding mechanism in Honor Magic 2 be better than the motorized parts in Vivo NEX and OPPO Find X? Comment your concerns.


So, I have tried both Chrome Version 55.0.2883.87 m and Firefox 50.1.0, but I am unable to save a cropped photo or upload a photo for a hero of mine.
</div>Error processing the file. Please refresh and try again.
Are you trying to upload a PHP file? That's what it looks like.
Normally to post a picture, you stick the picture in a folder somewhere, like in your webpage or Photobucket or something, and put a LINK to the image in the Forums here.
Bug's fixed, you should be able to upload avatars to CIT now. Thanks for letting us know.


Emma Lawton was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at 29, and has trouble writing and drawing straight lines. She's a graphic designer, so this is a big problem. The Emma wearable device, developed by Microsoft researcher Haiyan Zhang, distracts Emma's brain in a way that stops the tremors.


Five Techniques Paul O. Zelinsky Rocks!
The picture book is a precise balance between words and pictures; a complete work of art. If you are an author, a visual movie may play in your head as your story unfolds. You may have a completely different interpretation than an illustrator would have. But because our creative form relies on pictures to do at least half the work, it's the combination of the two that really brings the art form to life.
Below are examples of these techniques that can be found in Paul O. Zelinksy's picture books.
Upon opening to the first page of RAPUNZEL, you'll see definite inspiration from classical art and research of the time period. The first image itself could be framed and hung in a museum of art. A brilliant work of art!
When you are dealing with a tall tale, and the main character is taller than the tale, scale becomes ultra important. Yet in SWAMP ANGEL, Paul manages to make Angelica Longrider larger than life because of her surroundings.
How does one go from dreamy, magical whimsy to playful, comical, and humorous? In HANSEL AND GRETEL, TOYS MEET SNOW and CIRCLE, SQUARE, MOOSE, Paul manages to show a wide range of ability through his illustration, which preaches testament to the fact that we all need to experiment and play with revision.
From the opening image in RUMPLESTILTSKIN, we see an incredible amount of focus on the miller's daughter as she glances at her father. Through her eyes and facial expression, we see a shadow of worry, as if she senses tragic hardship is on the horizon. In the background, we see both her father and his horse looking back at her, as if to point like an arrow saying, "Here's your way out of poverty." We all interpret art differently, but as you read the text and think deeply about the art, you'll see that Paul puts power in perspective through these masterful decisions.
Paul's understanding of the great dance between words and art is evident in all of his work. But none more than as shown in CIRCLE SQUARE MOOSE and Z IS FOR MOOSE where the moose actually plays with the concept and story. Additionally, Paul's collaboration with Jack Prelutzsky in the AWFUL OGRE series allows an entire world to come to life. What pictures do you conjure in your mind when you read a "rattlesnake awakens me" as is the case in AWFUL OGRE RISE? Take a look at Paul's illustrations and I think you'll agree that the whimsy he brings through interplay creates a more desirable, perfect world for the text.
In Behind the Scenes of an Author-Illustrator, Paul gives us a peek behind the curtain to show what the daily life of an author-illustrator is like including how he was inspired to begin illustrating, how to he decides what illustration style to use for each manuscript, and what it takes to make a succesful picture book. In his presentation, he does a live demonstration of art from Toys Meet Snow.
Click here for a one of a kind tour in to Paul's world!
Carrie Charley Brown is the founder and co-coordinator of ReFoReMo. She eats, sleeps, and breathes picture books as a writer, professional critique mentor, and contributor on various blogs such as Writer's Rumpus. Carrie contributed as a 2014/2015 CYBILS fiction picture book panelist and donates a large part of her time to SCBWI North Texas as the Regional Advisor. She also produces kidlit videos and provides marketing services for authors and kidlit organizations. She has taught pre-k, kindergarten, first, and third grades.


Overview: Welcome to The Big Capitalist 3! We come back with more new content!
The first step is still very simple. Click to earn your first bucket of gold "$1" by squeezing lemon juice. After accumulating enough start-up capital, you can start to raise chickens and sell eggs . And there are more interesting businesses waiting for you to unlock.
It's challengeable to manage and develop your business well. In order to maximize the benefits, you need to hire the right manager for your industry and expand industry at the appropriate time.
It's your chance to pay less and win the world!


Oxford Concert Party 19th November.
The Concert was a truly joyous occasion. Thanks are due to all who supported the event and to Colin Platt for taking these excellent photos.
An appreciative audience was entertained by Ray Lowry and £170 was raised towards Hall Refurbishment.
Celebrity dramatist, lyricist and composer Willy Russell, best known for Educating Rita, Blood Brothers and Shirley Valentine, generously donated items that were raffled at the sell-out concert held at Lesbury Village Hall on Saturday 10th June. The evening featured Misspent Uke, The Attic Band and Bob Bolam and was organised to raise funds for the East Window Appeal. It was a wonderful night of music and mirth enjoyed by an audience mainly from the villages of Lesbury and Alnmouth proving that local community spirit and cooperation is alive and well in this part of Northumberland. £ 465 was raised towards the Appeal.
"The Chef Show" took place on Sunday 30th January at Lesbury Village Hall and was a sell-out success. Lesbury provided the only venue in Northumberland to host this Highlights-supported production on its 22 night tour and the performers were bowled over by the warmth of the reception they received. The main action took the form of a play set in a local curry house on a busy Saturday night. The Show's director Stefan Escreet of Keswick-based Ragged Edge Productions should be complimented on the staging and lighting which ensured that the village hall provided a convincing scenario for the action.
The parts of both the staff and customers were played with astonishing versatility and dazzling sharpness by the Show's two stars Kamal Kaan and Rohit Gokani. Written by Anglo-Bangladeshi Nick Ahad, the play mixed pathos with humour alternately challenging and entertaining the responsive audience.
The icing on the cake – or more accurately speaking the spice in the curry – was expertly delivered by local chef Rahim Uddin who took time out from his "Mivesi Restaurant" in Alnwick, which he runs with his wife Amina, to bring a fascinating authenticity to the evening. From his centre-stage kitchen range Rahim filled the hall with the enticing aroma of spicy Bangladeshi cuisine, outlined his cooking techniques and distributed delicious food samples.
After being the venue last year for top class Indian Dance Lesbury Village Hall can be justly proud of its success in again bringing varied and rewarding audience experiences to this corner of Northumberland.


The partners of the DanuBioValNet project are proud to publish the first of its kind catalogue of TOP bio-based products in the Danube Region. It is a showcase of innovative solutions applying biological renewable resources in three project-focused value chains, i.e. phytopharma, bio-based packaging and eco-construction. Each of the nine represented partnering regions/countries of the DanuBioValNet project introduces its successful cluster organisations specialised in some sector of bioeconomy and their particular member companies with the unique bio-based products.
Get inspired and follow our efforts to create cross-regional and cross-sectoral networks of collaborating clusters and businesses enabling the Danube Region to prosper and be competitive in a bioeconomic way.
The catalogue "TOP bio-based products in the Danube Region" is available HERE.
Source: Interreg Danubiovalnet, press release, 2019-04-01.


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Condo for Sale Avida Towers Asten in West Makati.
Condo for Sale Avida Towers Cloverleaf at Ayala.
1 BEDROOM CONDO FOR SALE AVIDA SUCAT PARANAQUE.
Condo for sale in Taguig City.
For Sale Avida Towers Altura (Condominium).
Condo for sale at BGC.


text:
#5thgenmanoeuvre: The Swarming Mind – Dougal Robertson
On 24 October 2019, the Sir Richard Williams Foundation is holding a seminar examining the requirements of #5thgenmanoeuvre. The aim of the seminar, building on previous seminars and series looking at #jointstrike and #highintensitywar, is to examine the differences and potential gaps in how the Australian Defence Force must equip and organise for multi-domain operations. We are delighted to welcome first-time contributor, Dougal Robertson, to The Central Blue to explore the critical question of what the people orchestrating #5thgenmanoeuvre will look like. In this first of two parts, Dougal imagines the future maneouvrist to be something quite different.
What does a fifth-generation manoeuvrist look like?
They will not look like this:
General Sir John Monash. (Source: Australian War Memorial)
Furthermore, they will not look like this:
Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick Scherger (Source: Australian War Memorial)
Moreover, despite what media speculation might have us believe; they will not look like this:
What we know is they will look less like the Australian Defence Force of today, and more like the Australia of the future. That is, they could be anyone who chooses to serve their country through the application of military power in support of the Australian government's objectives.
What Monash, Scherger, and the archetypal computer hacker have in common is the power of imagination. Monash — an outsider — understood the application of combined arms warfare, a revolutionary concept in 1918, instinctively. Scherger — an outsider — understood the application of flexibility in aircraft combined with mission design, developing a concept during the Second World War of multirole aircraft, and grasping the requirement for the RAAF to embrace technological change and integrate within a coalition. The computer hacker — an outsider — understands how networks function and can creatively identify weak points within those networks inherently.
There are many individual examples in military history of creative outsiders generating unconventional ideas that are now accepted wisdom. In the application of air power, this includes John Boyd and energy manoeuvrability theory, and John Warden III and precision bombing.[1] However, the shift in the past quarter-century from an industrial paradigm to an information paradigm in warfare has disrupted all conventional ways of thinking about conflict.
With hindsight the 'revolution in military affairs' of the early 1990s was a failed coup; the last act in the theatre of two-dimensional, linear industrial warfare.[2] The current and unfolding information revolution is a complete disruption to the previously-existing order. It forces us to change the cognitive models we use to represent reality and frame and resolve complex military problems.[3]
Warfare occurs within society — it is not isolated on a mythical battlefield where clearly defined rules apply. Therefore, warfare reflects modern society. Moreover, the information revolution has flattened what that society looks like: all combatants, adversaries, competitors and insurgents have access to the internet, low-cost technology and distributed communication systems. They are all connected. We are connected to them. The fact of our presence causes a reaction, regardless of our actual behaviour.[4]
That means we can no longer conceive of military operations and plans unfolding in a linear, two-dimensional fashion. The industrial model of warfare looks like this:[5]
We start at a time, T-0, and progress through our objective to the End State. Apart from the questionable assumption that the adversary and environment will agree with our plan, this ignores the complexity of external factors pressing on each 'Objective:' the complex interaction of human behaviours, the changes in perception, irrational decisions and equipment failures. An earlier theorist called these external factors 'friction'. This is an excellent metaphor for the industrial warfare paradigm. People and plans must move forward in time and space, and friction slows things down, but the final objective is ultimately achieved through overwhelming force.[6]
However, what if we fight on a battlefield (and 'operating environment') that looks more like this.
A map of the internet, c. 2005
It is probably impossible to conceptualise, in human terms that can be displayed on this page, what the internet of 2019 looks like. Moreover, this is essentially the problem we are asking fifth generation manoeuvrists to resolve.
What a fifth-generation manoeuvrist must develop and master is mental agility that is like the coming swarm: able to rapidly form ad-hoc networks, route around problems or blockages, and make decisions independently to achieve a broadly defined outcome.[7] There are no concurrent lines of operation drawn on a briefing slide for a swarm. The outcome itself depends on the behaviour or input of externalities to the system.
This may seem abstruse and theoretical. However, the great advantage of the information revolution is that technology has coming close to providing us with the capability to represent human behaviour through the exploration of networks and systems, using visualisation tools once considered the realm of science fiction. If the study of warfare is the study of human interactions, then technology allows us to edge closer to seeing the world outside the frame of our individual existence and cognition.
If we imagine the snapshot of the internet above as consisting of computers and people (an internet protocol address can be both a 'thing' on the internet and an individual user), we can begin to understand how a system functions. Technology allows us to identify the bridges between 'things', or entities, such as radars, aircraft, trunked mobile radios and iPhones, and the system in which they function. This is the network layer that enables connections between nodes on different networks. Previously, we could only conceptualise our own 'local' network. Now, the information revolution assists us to conceptualise multiple networks and understand how they connect.
What the swarming mind can do is understand the objects that comprise a network and visualise the networks that comprise a system. This system may be a set of human behaviours, such as a terrorist media network, or a nation-state's power grid, or a collection of air defence radars, but it always consists of a hierarchy of objects and networks that inform human behaviours. The swarming mind can frame the problem and disaggregate it into specific components. Properly implemented this cognitive framework will be transformative, allowing airmen to guide and observe autonomous systems and machine decision-making, instead of setting limits using a Boolean tree of decisions (much like the 'logical lines of operation' used in industrial warfare). They will be integrators of technology, not just controllers.
This is far from a simple task. However, it can be grown through culture. Clive James wrote that "culture is what is left when you take everything else away".[8] The Australian Defence Force has a robust culture that exists outside equipment, weapon systems and buildings. Culture grows and adapts within groups and individuals – networks and systems. We now need to feed that culture and grow the fifth-generation manoeuvrist with the swarming mind. In part two, I will explain how the ADF can incubate and grow a culture to master the emerging and disruptive technologies of information warfare.
Squadron Leader Dougal Robertson is an officer in the Royal Australian Air Force. He holds a Master of Arts in Policing, Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism through Macquarie University. The opinions expressed are his alone and do not reflect the views of the Royal Australian Air Force, the Australian Defence Force, or the Australian Government.
[1] J. Jogerst, 'Airpower Trends 2010: The Future Is Closer Than You Think,' Air & Space Power Journal, 23:2 (2009), p. 127.
[2] B. Jensen, 'The role of ideas in defense planning: Revisiting the revolution in military affairs,' Defence Studies, 18:3 (2018), pp. 302-17.
[3] S. Metz, Armed conflict in the 21st century: The information revolution and post-modern warfare (Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2000).
[4] D. Cortright, 'Winning without war: Nonmilitary strategies for overcoming violent extremism,' Transnational Law Contemporary Problems, 21:1 (2012), 197-226.
[5] G. Hodge, 'Wargaming Courses of Action During Other-Than-Major Combat Operations,' Small Wars Journal (2012).
[6] An alternative interpretation is that Clausewitz conceived of 'general friction' being overcome by creative genius. See T. Waldman, 'Shadows of Uncertainty': Clausewitz's Timeless Analysis of Chance in War,' Defence Studies, 10:3 (2010), pp. 336-68.
[7] A. McCullough, 'The Looming Swarm,' Air Force Magazine (2019).
[8] C. James, Cultural amnesia: Necessary memories from history and the arts, First Edition (New York: W.W. Norton, 2007).
By Editor|2019-10-12T21:26:44+00:00October 13th, 2019|#5thgenmanoeuvre, Australian Defence Force, Royal Australian Air Force|Comments Off on #5thgenmanoeuvre: The Swarming Mind – Dougal Robertson
About the Author: Editor
#SciFi, #AI and the Future of War: AugoStrat Awakenings, Part III – A New Corps – Mick Ryan
#5thgenmanoeuvre: An Editor's Wrap Up – Jenna Higgins
#5thGenManoeuvre: What is 5th Generation Manoeuvre – Interviews
Unlocking our Intellectual Edge – Mark Bell
#5thGenManoeuvre: Assured Access for the ADF in the Asia Pacific – Brendan Sargeant
#5thgenmanoeuvre
#highintensitywar
#jointstrike
#Selfsustain
5th Generation Air Power
Australian Army
Australian Defence Force
Debriefs
Defence White Paper
Future Warfare
National Power
Copyright 2016 Williams Foundation | All Rights Reserved

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As the November election is quickly approaching, I would like to take this opportunity to cover some issues facing Jasper County. One of my main concerns is the state of the rural roads. I feel the engineer needs to stick with the five-year plan in place when considering yearly road projects.
For example, the Christian Conference Center road has been neglected for years while other roads were resurfaced. This continued neglect has caused soft shoulders and sometimes dangerous situations when oncoming vehicles meet.
Another issue is the placement of rock on our gravel roads. For twelve years the engineer's office chose to sparingly place rock only on roads that have trouble spots. That practice created more issues than it solved and allowed our gravel roads to become nearly impassable in certain situations. We also have an issue with rock quality. The northwest quarter of Jasper County was covered with a mixture that was composed mostly of sand. A quarter-inch of rain caused rural residents and school buses to muck through their routes and roads causing damage to vehicles and, at times, dangerous situations. To me, that was and is unacceptable.
I also feel we need to ensure the sheriff's office has the necessary funding to patrol and deter crime. Rural crime has increased. The sheriff and his staff have done a great job with the resources available. I believe they need more help to maintain the level of safety and security we all deserve. I pledge to continue to fully fund the sheriff's department in order to help lower the crime rate in Jasper County.
My last point to consider is leadership. We need constant cooperation and steady leadership on the county board of supervisors. I served in the U.S. Army and spent two tours in Iraq as a sergeant and squad leader. I had to sometimes make tough decisions but always did so with the best interest of my squad in mind. I would bring that same mindset to the board of supervisors. We may not always agree, but we should always work together in a polite and professional manner. At the end of the day, every decision should be made in the best interest of all taxpayers. I pledge to do that. If you have any questions I can be reached at talsma4supervisor@gmail.com.


Adventure Man originally conquered skies with the hot-air-balloon and the principle of lighter-than-air-travel. This sensation in one of the most spectacular and beautiful areas in the world comes as one of lifes' unforgettable experiences. Information Flights every day at sunrise Transfers to and from Balloon Total excursion takes around four hours Flight time from one to one and a half hours. Outdoor clothing and comfortable shoes are recommended Champagne celebration and flight certificate at landing.
We pick you up from your hotel/hostel with our luxury vehicles(Mercedes Sprinter or Vito) and take you our launch site in the early morning.
-While you have your open buffet breakfast which includes coffee/tea and snacks, we prepare the balloons on the ground. You will have an opportunity to watch. The preparations take just 15min.
-At around sunrise, our balloons begin to take off.
-They rise approximately 1000 feet to show you sunrise and extraordinary views of Cappadocia.
-Then they descend and float through the valleys, between fairy chimneys and caves which gives you excellent views to take pictures or videotape.
-The duration of this tour is approx. 1 hour.
-The Standard tour uses a 16-21 person capacity balloons. This is a great option for those travelling on a budget.
-Upon landing, we have a champagne toast service for you.
-All our passengers are insured up to 1.000.000 EUR by Allianz.
-At about 8 am, our minibuses will take you back to your hotel/hostel.
-Your entire balloon adventure lasts about 3 hours.
The price of this tour is 120 Euro (vat included) per person.


The pure essential oils of lavender and rosemary blended together along with the ground organic herbs of lavender and rosemary, making this a most delightful natural hand made soap.
Rosemary gently stimulates while the lavender soothes the mind and spirit. A very mild natural handcrafted soap. Lavender is good for all skin types.This bar of natural handmade soap is made with olive, coconut and palm oils. Natural soap is priced at wholesale.Natural soap bars weigh approximately 3.5 to 4 ounces or more.
Unlabeled hand made soaps do not have a label, but are tagged with the name of the lavender rosemary natural handmade soap.
The combination of the pure essential oils of eucalyptus and lavender makes this hand made soap especially good for acne, but it is also good for all skin types.
This hand made bar of soap is made with olive, coconut and palm oils. Natural soap is priced at wholesale. Natural handmade soap bars weigh approximately 3.5 to 4 ounces or more.
The unlabeled hand made soaps do not have a label, but are tagged with the name of the lavender eucalyptus natural soap.
Pure essential oils of Lavender and Lemongrass are blended together in this delightful bar of natural handmade soap. This bar of natural handmade soap is made with olive, coconut and palm oils. Natural soap is priced at wholesale.
Natural handcrafted soap bars weigh approximately 3.5 to 4 ounces or more.
Unlabeled hand made soaps do not have a label, but are tagged with the name of the lavender lemongrass natural handmade soap.
The pure essential oils of lavender, peppermint and tea tree blended together along with ground organic herbs of lavender and peppermint, making this a most delightful natural handmade soap.
Just a hint of peppermint for an uplifted feeling while the lavender soothes the mind and spirit. Tea tree adds antibacterial, anti-fungal properties to this natual home made soap. This bar of natural handmade soap is made with olive, coconut, palm, castor oils. Natural soap is priced at wholesale.
Natural soap bars weigh approximately 3.5 to 4 ounces or more. The unlabeled handmade soaps do not have a label, but are tagged with the name of the lavender mint natural handmade soap.
This natural handmade soap is scented with the pure essential oil of lemongrass. The natural antibacterial and astringent qualities of lemongrass essential oil makes this handcrafted soap especially good for oily skin. Lemongrass pure essential oil in this natural soap is also good for repelling insects. This bar of hand made natural soap is made with olive, coconut and palm oils. Natural soap is priced at wholesale. Natural soap bars weigh approximately 3.5 to 4 ounces or more. Unlabeled hand made soaps do not have a label, but are tagged with the name of the lemongrass natural handmade soap.
A great wake-up herbal natural handmade soap for the morning. The pure essential oils of peppermint and spearmint in this natural soap leaves you feeling uplifted and rejuvenated. A favorite handcrafted soap for both men and women. Cooling peppermint essential oil makes this natural soap especially refreshing in the Summer. This bar of natural soap is made with olive, coconut and palm oils. Natural handcrafted soap is priced at wholesale.
Unlabeled hand made soaps do not have a label, but are tagged with the name of the peppermint spearmint natural handmade soap.
Scented with the pure essential oil of patchouli, this natural hand made soap has a warm, down-to-earth scent. Patchouli pure essential oil is especially good for dry, maturing skin.
This hand made bar of soap is made with olive, coconut and palm oils. Natural handcrafted soap is priced at wholesale. Natural soap bars weigh approximately 3.5 to 4 ounces or more. Unlabeled handmade soaps do not have a label, but are tagged with the name of the patchouli natural handmade soap.
Rosemary pure essential oil gently stimulates your skin while tea tree essential oil has strong antibacterial, anti-fungal properties. This versatile natural soap is good for many skin conditions, including itchy skin, acne, eczema, and dermatitis. This handcrafted bar of soap is made with olive, coconut and palm oils. Natural soap is priced at wholesale. Natural handmade soap bars weigh approximately 3.5 to 4 ounces or more. Unlabeled hand made soaps do not have a label, but are tagged with the name of the tree tree rosemary natural handmade soap.
Copyright © 2018 Rogue Valley Soap - All Rights Reserved.


text:
Clinician & Educator
The Herbalist's Herbalist
Integrating Medicinal Mushrooms
Functional Herbal Therapy
Western Herbal Medicine
Introducing... Lion's Mane!
In my last post I introduced an interesting medicinal fungus, Cordyceps. In a similar vein, today we will have a look at another visually distinctive fungal specimen with unique medicinal value: Lion's Mane.
Lion's Mane, Hericium erinaceus, is a fungus that feeds on the wood of certain dead/decaying trees (a saprotrophic fungus) [1]. There are many species in the Hericium genus, some still being discovered, from all over the world. They are all considered rare in nature but are an easily identifiable genus thanks to the striking white, beard-like formation of the fruiting body, and all members appear comparably useful [2]. Hericium spp. make for both a cherished edible (with a lobster-like texture, a delicate veal/chicken-like flavour, and a slightly fruity aroma reminiscent of coconut and lemongrass) as well as a powerful health ally.
With such a distinctive icicle-like morphology, there are many names commonly applied to this fungus, including bearded tooth, satyr's beard, bearded hedgehog, bear's head, and pom-pom mushroom. Hericium is itself Latin for hedgehog. The Chinese term is hóu tóu gū (monkey head mushroom), in Japan it is called yamabushitake (mountain priest mushroom), and in Korea it is known as norugongdengi-beoseot (deertail mushroom).
Traditionally the main application for medicinal use from East Asian traditions was for the treatment of chronic gastritis, gastric ulceration, and cancers of the oesophagus & stomach, as well as leukemia. Lion's Mane was also valued for a variety of other ailments, including neurasthenia and general debility, as an antiseptic, immunostimulant, growth stimulant, and vulnerary. Interestingly, Lion's Mane, when dissected, is visually reminiscent of a brain! Indeed, the current clinical focus is with neurological health.
Medicinal Application
Like all mushrooms, Lion's Mane communicates beneficial and highly specific immunological messages due to its array of complex polysaccharides which are higher in the fruiting body than in the mycelium [3].
Lion's Mane contains many other unique bioactive compounds that are still being elucidated. These come in primarily two categories: hericenones and erinacines. Hericenones are only produced in the fruiting body, (eleven hericenones (A-K) are identified thus far), and many of these enhance nerve growth factor (NGF) production. Erinacine A & B, both of which also promote NGF production, are also found in the fruiting body [4].
The mycelium does not contain hericenones but does contain many more biologically active erinacines (15 identified thus far, A-K, P-S), making for an unusually strong case to incorporate mycelial extracts alongside the fruiting body in this particular medicinal mushroom case [5, 4]. Currently we have evidence that the erinacines cross the blood-brain-barrier for direct interaction with the central nervous system, however other constituents are also suspected to have this capacity [6].
The neurotrophic and neuroprotective activity of Lion's Mane puts it into a sharp focus as a potential treatment for neurological disorders, which is where much of the contemporary focus on Lion's Mane is based. What do the clinical trials have to say??
In the early 2000s, a pilot study [10] of seven adults with mild dementia had promising results. The subjects ingested 5 g of fruiting body daily as part of the diet and after six months, all but one subject reported scores that indicated improved functional capacity (understanding, communication, memory, etc.), and all subjects experienced improved functional independence (capacity to eat, dress, walk, etc). Interestingly 3 bedridden patients were able to get up for meals after the administration. There was no placebo in this tiny study, but it set the scene for ongoing exploration. Since then two high-quality studies have looked at 3 g fruiting body daily for prevention/alleviation of cognitive impairment. Both found significant improvements in cognitive function of over 50-year-olds, one in a healthy population (3 months) [11], and the other in a mildly cognitively impaired population (4 months) [12]. In the latter, it only took two months for the improvements to reach statistical significance, and after ceasing Lion's Mane intake, the cognitive function scores decreased again. We can infer from this that acute improvements to cognition are possible, however chronic use is required for long-term effects in this regard (just like beneficial effects of a healthy diet: regularity is the key)!
Just this year a high-quality pilot study [13] was published investigating an erinacine A-enriched extract from H. erinaceus mycelium in the treatment of patients with mild Alzheimer's Disease (AD). As mentioned, erinacine A is in the fruiting body, so the results here can best be applied to a combined mycelium and fruit body extract. This almost year-long intervention allowed the authors to conclude that Lion's Mane exerts valuable protective neurocognitive benefits in patients with mild AD.
There is limited evidence yet, but one pilot study even indicates potential for symptoms of schizophrenia [14]. Ten subjects with refractory schizophrenia (disease unaffected by antipsychotic medication) took a standardised extract from Lion's Mane fruiting body and demonstrated improved symptoms.
The same author reported a case study of an 86-year-old male with recurrent depressive disorder [15]. Treated with the same extract as in the schizophrenia study, he experienced remarkable neurocognitive improvements after six months. In the following year, a pilot study successfully alleviated the symptoms of depression and anxiety, and improved sleep quality in a cohort of otherwise healthy students [16]. Recently, 77 overweight/obese adults also verified these results [17], with a mixed mycelium and fruiting body extract, at 3.6 g daily for 2 months. The authors speculate that alterations in brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)-signalling might play a role here. Low doses may well be adequate for the alleviation of depression, as 2 g of fruiting body daily in the diet was enough to elicit a significant reduction in scores for depression and indefinite complaints index (but not for sleep quality or menopausal indices) in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thirty menopausal women [18]. It is possible that 2 g dose was not enough to affect sleep quality compared to the study that used 3.6 g and found success in this area, however sleep quality is affected by complex mechanisms and cohorts underlying health may indicate whether Lion's Mane is effective for improving sleep or not (menopausal versus overweight condition). Actually, there is no evidence I am aware of that Lion's Mane is useful for managing symptoms of menopause though this indication is often casually presented.
A study from the 1990s (of 250 subjects with diabetic polyneuropathy) found that dosing with recombinant human NGF for 6 months significantly improved nerve function [8]. While we do not have human studies of Lion's Mane examining this effect yet, we do have plenty of experimental data indicative of promise in this regard. One fine example of this is a rat study that clearly demonstrates Lion's Mane promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury [9].
Beyond neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity, erinacine A and other cyathane diterpenes (related chemicals, many of which are present in Lion's Mane), display significant antitumor effects in animal studies, apparently acting via direct modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. This is basically a filamentous structure inside cells with many complex roles vital to cellular function. Cancer cells can use actin to resist the cytotoxic responses of NK cells [21]. Erinacine A and friends perturb the actin cytoskeleton in tumour cells rendering them vulnerable to immune attack [22]. The various anticancer potentials of Lion's Mane are beyond the scope of this brief overview, however it is worth reiterating that one of the primary traditional uses for Lion's Mane was to treat stomach cancers along with other inflammatory conditions of the mucous membranes in the gastrointestinal tract. While we do not have scientific literature at human trial level to discuss this activity, it will undoubtedly be explored soon, as we have plenty of preclinical evidence to indicate worthiness of study. Not all this research is centred around the terpene components either, as the specific polysaccharides from Lion's Mane also appear potent. For example, in vitro analysis of precancerous human gastric cells treated with Lion's Mane polysaccharides finds they induce apoptosis [23].
NGF production complements this immunological activity, by supporting improved wound healing [24], which is no doubt relevant to its effectiveness in healing ulceration of the mucous membranes. This is not only in a gastroprotective context, but includes effectiveness in corneal ulceration, glaucoma and other ocular diseases, for example [7].
Preclinical research goes on to suggest an impressive capacity to regulate metabolic activity, with animal studies demonstrating improved body composition and fat/cholesterol metabolism in models of metabolic syndrome and obesity [25, 26]. There is so much more to say which is beyond the scope of this light introduction. I shall watch where the research leads on this unique medicinal fungus with great interest!
Safety, Quality and Dosing
While many in the genus appear to be valuable, the most significant body of work supports H. erinaceus so I recommend this species specifically for medicinal effect. Usually I do not encourage the use of mycelial extracts as the fruiting body (in most cases) is the only part of the fungus humans used traditionally. However, in the case of Lion's Mane, research has demonstrated that there are active compounds (specific erinacines) in the mycelium that are not found in the fruiting body (and visa versa).
Studies show that 3-5 g per day is appropriate for the nervous system benefits as discussed. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia recommends 25-50 g daily [27], which is much larger than contemporary studies investigate, but I imagine this is relevant for that traditional gastric mucosa healing application. While this dose does not appear necessary for neurological effects, it is illustrative of how safe high intake is, and modern research supports this [28, 29].
I recommend Lion's Mane particularly to those with any neurological degeneration and/or chronic neuroinflammation, including cognitive decline, depression, peripheral neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, etc. Also think of Lion's Mane where there is poor mucous membrane integrity or ulceration. It is particularly valuable where impaired immunological signalling impacts on neurological, metabolic and gastric health.
If you would like a more in-depth and clinically-focussed take on this miraculous monkey-head of a mushroom, see my Lion's Mane Monograph [COMING SOON!].
[1] Mori K, Obara Y, Hirota M, et al. Nerve growth factor-inducing activity of Hericium erinaceus in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Sep;31(9):1727-32.
[2] Hallenberg, N., Nilsson, R. H., & Robledo, G. Species complexes in Hericium (Russulales, Agaricomycota) and a new species - Hericium rajchenbergii - from southern South America. Mycological Progress. 2012;12(2), 413–420.
[3] He X, Wang X, Fang J, et al. Structures, biological activities, and industrial applications of the polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane) mushroom: A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Apr;97:228-237.
[4] Chong PS, Fung ML, Wong KH, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus for Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 25;21(1). pii: E163.
[5] Li IC, Lee LY, Tzeng TT, et al. Neurohealth Properties of Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Enriched with Erinacines. Behav Neurol. 2018 May 21;2018:5802634.
[6] Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, et al. Potential Antidepressant Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis, Hericium erinaceus and Rhodiola rosea. Antioxidants. 2020 Mar;9(234).
[7] Rocco ML, Soligo M, Manni L, Aloe L. Nerve Growth Factor: Early Studies and Recent Clinical Trials. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018;16(10):1455-1465.
[8] Apfel SC, Kessler JA, Adornato BT, et al. Recombinant human nerve growth factor in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. NGF Study Group. Neurology. 1998 Sep;51(3):695-702.
[9] Wong KH, Kanagasabapathy G, Naidu M, et al. Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers., a medicinal mushroom, activates peripheral nerve regeneration. Chin J Integr Med. 2016 Oct;22(10):759-67.
[10] Kawagishi H, Zhuang C, Shnidman E. The anti-Dementia effect of Lion's Mane mushroom and its clinical application. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, 2004.
[11] Saitsu Y, Nishide A, Kikushima K, et al. Improvement of cognitive functions by oral intake of Hericium erinaceus. Biomed Res. 2019;40(4):125-131.
[12] Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, et al. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2009 Mar;23(3):367-72.
[13] Li IC, Chang HH, Lin CH, et al. Prevention of Early Alzheimer's Disease by Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 Jun 3;12:155.
[14] Inananga K, Matsuki T, Hoaki Y, et al. Improvement of refractory schizophrenia on using Amyloban®3399 extracted from Hericium erinaceum. Pers Med Universe. 2014;3:49–53.
[15] Inanaga, K. Marked improvement of neurocognitive impairment after treatment with compounds from Hericium erinaceum: A case study of recurrent depressive disorder. Pers Med Universe. 2014;3:46–48.
[16] Okamura H, Anno N, Tsuda A, et al. The effects of Hericium erinaceus (Amyloban® 3399) on sleep quality and subjective well-being among female undergraduate students: a pilot study. Personalized Medicine Universe. 2015 Jul 1;4:76-8.
[17] Vigna L, Morelli F, Agnelli GM, et al. Hericium erinaceus Improves Mood and Sleep Disorders in Patients Affected by Overweight or Obesity: Could Circulating Pro-BDNF and BDNF Be Potential Biomarkers? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Apr 18;2019:7861297.
[18] Nagano M, Shimizu K, Kondo R, et al. Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Biomed Res. 2010 Aug;31(4):231-7.
[19] Chiu CH, Chyau CC, Chen CC, et al. Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium Erinaceus Mycelium Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects Through Modulating BDNF/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan 24;19(2):341.
[20] Lee KF, Tung SY, Teng CC, et al. Post-Treatment with Erinacine A, a Derived Diterpenoid of H. erinaceus, Attenuates Neurotoxicity in MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Feb 4;9(2):137.
[21] Al Absi A, Wurzer H, Guerin C, et al. Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling Drives Breast Cancer Cell Escape from Natural Killer-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 2018 Oct 1;78(19):5631-5643.
[22] Bailly C, Gao JM. Erinacine A and related cyathane diterpenoids: Molecular diversity and mechanisms underlying their neuroprotection and anticancer activities. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Sep;159:104953.
[23] Wang M, Zhang Y, Xiao X, et al. A Polysaccharide Isolated from Mycelia of the Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) Induced Apoptosis in Precancerous Human Gastric Cells. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(12):1053-1060.
[24] Abdulla MA, Fard AA, Sabaratnam V, et al. Potential activity of aqueous extract of culinary-medicinal Lion's Mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) in accelerating wound healing in rats. Int J Med Mushr. 2011 Jan;13(1):33-9.
[25] Hiraki E, Furuta S, Kuwahara R, et al. Anti-obesity activity of Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) powder in ovariectomized mice, and its potentially active compounds. J Nat Med. 2017 Jul;71(3):482-491.
[26] Tsai YC, Lin YC2, Huang CC, et al. Hericium erinaceus Mycelium and Its Isolated Compound, Erinacine A, Ameliorate High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction and Spatial Learning Deficits in Aging Mice. J Med Food. 2019 May;22(5):469-478.
[27] Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2010. Beijing: Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Publishing House
[28] Li W, Zhou W, Lee DS, et al. Hericirine, a novel anti-inflammatory alkaloid from Hericium erinaceum. Tetrahedron letters. 2014 Jul 23;55(30):4086-90.
[29] Lee LY, Li IC, Chen WP, et al. Thirteen-Week Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Erinacine A-Enriched Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes), Mycelia in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2019;21(4):401-411.
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Editorial • Classifieds • Contact Us
• Make Guardian.bz your hompage! | Subscribe 17 July 2019
Schools get into digital era with DigiLearn
BTIA holds Bi-Annual Meeting in Belmopan
IICA Belize holds accountability seminar
MOU signed between NICH and BAVIA
Statistical Institute of Belize launches portal and website
Violence against our children must stop
Children should not be engaged in games of chance
Carolyn and UNCAC
Call mi anyting, but no call mi a PUP
From death sentence to parole in 25 years
Attempted murder case ends in Nolle Prosequi
Friday 12 July 2019, 12:56 PM
The News Scene
BELTRAIDE's first cohort of Female Ent...
Schools get into digital era with DigiLe...
Statistical Institute of Belize launches...
Children should not be engaged in games ...
From death sentence to parole in 25 year...
Attempted murder case ends in Nolle Pros...
New Health Center in San Antonio, Cayo
PM Barrow exposes Sanctuary Bay web of lies while AIBL and FTC settle
BELTRAIDE's first cohort of Female Entrepreneurs
Education Campaign for Citizens on Patrol Program begins in Cayo
Residents in the Cayo District have been introduced to an innovative community policing approach, the Citizens on Patrol Program COP. Issuing the drum beat was retired Superintendent of Police Rudolf Orio, who is now in charge of the Citizens on Patrol and Special Constables Program across Belize. A call was made by Rudolf Orio for citizens to support COP on Friday night of last week in Benque Viejo del Carmen and also on Wednesday night of last week in San Ignacio Town.
In his recent visit to Benque Viejo Town, Rudolf Orio was received at the Mount Carmel High School auditorium by Officer Commanding of Benque Viejo del Carmen, Daniel Arzu, and his assistant Stanley Bodden as well as members of the public. Rudolf Orio stated therein that the citizens can take a part in assisting the police for a safer environment through COP.
While in San Ignacio, Rudolf Orio also said that community policing is a tool that can change the dynamics in communities. Having given 37 years of service to the Belize Police Department, Rudolf Orio said that gangs are now affecting business places, kindergartens and universities. He called on the business community to assist the Police in the fight against crime. At the same time, he said that the Police should not be "social engineers." With the availability of drugs and firearms, "…we are all at risk," he said.
According to Rudolf Orio, the Police Coalitions and Neighborhood Watches need to be revived in other parts of the Country and he detailed the hallmarks of the Citizens on Patrol Program, which may fittingly be drawn out from these two groups.
The Citizens on Patrol Program is a Community Policing Program sponsored by the Belize Police Department and is now partially being funded by the Central American Regional Security Initiative (CARSI). The purpose of the program is to enlist private citizens to volunteer time to actively patrol their community, to listen, watch and report criminal behavior to the police.
Rudolf Orio told the Guardian Newspaper that COP was first founded in the United States of America and was started in Belize in 2005, but it then diminished in force. However, the Belize Police Department is now taking another effort at COP, "…looking at communities to assist with the funding." He said that training under COP will start in Belize City soon and the plans are to do training throughout the Country.
Meanwhile; the Volunteer Special Constable VSC, which also falls under Rudolf Orio's responsibility, enables citizens from all walks of life to contribute to make their communities much safer by providing supporting roles to the Belize Police Department. The VSC persons shall only be valid whilst on active duty and only within the jurisdiction of their appointment.
To join COP or the VSC, members of the public can now obtain application forms at any of the Community Policing Officers or Commanding Officers in Belize.
COP's mission statement is as follows:
"Policing together to meet challenges, creating partnership, finding solutions."
Rudolf Orio believes that with his visit and tour of the Cayo District last week, more volunteers will be forthcoming towards the COP and VSC Programs. He is convinced that the Local Government, Town Boards and Village Councils should also get involved in both programs, which promise to make Belize a much safer place.
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Q: about to create a standing wave I think partial of this question being asked before but I have some other doubts.As shown in this post how to add two plane waves if they are propagating in different direction?, reading the third reply by Wouter. If we have two waves
$$
  f_1 = \sin(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r} + \omega t), f_2 = \sin(\vec{q}\cdot\vec{r} - \omega t)
$$
1) my first question, in one text, I saw that to create the standing wave, we should have the two sinusoidal waves propagate in counter direction. I am confusing with above function of wave. I know that the group velocity is defined as
$$\vec{v}_p = \hat{k}\omega/|\vec{k}|$$
so if we want two waves propagate in opposite direction, we could have one $\omega$ and the other $-\omega$ or we have have one $\vec{k}$ positive and the other one $-\vec{k}$. But starting from above waves, $\omega$ is opposite, so we should make sure $\vec{k}=\vec{q}$. But what's the physical significance to make $-\omega$? To me, it makes more sense to
$$
  f_1 = \sin(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r} + \omega t), f_2 = \sin(\vec{q}\cdot\vec{r} + \omega t) \quad \mbox{with} \quad \vec{q}=-\vec{k}
$$
2) Let start from the last formulas, let $\vec{q}=-\vec{k}$ so to have the sum in the form
$$
  f_1+f_2 = \sin(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})\cos(\omega t)
$$
what I understand from the text is standing wave should be stationary in space. But there is a modulated amplitude $\cos(\omega t)$ there so does it really stationary (or standing wave)?
3) If I have two such "standing waves" propagating along different direction, says $\cos^{-1}(\vec{p}\cdot\vec{q})=\pi/6$
$$
  s_1 = \sin(\vec{p}\cdot\vec{r})\cos(\omega t), \quad
   s_2 = \sin(\vec{q}\cdot\vec{r})\cos(\omega t)
$$
so will these two wave makes a two-dimensional standing wave if $|q|=|p|$?

A: *

*It's not very useful to think of the frequency as negative.  The wave vector $\vec{k}$ should be interpreted as the indicating the direction of the wave, so if the wave is going in the opposite direction, then $\vec{k}$ should be made negative, not $\omega$.

*Here is an animation that may help you.  It shows the two propagating waves, and the resulting standing wave.  It's called a "standing" wave in the sense that the nodes (places where the wave function has a value of zero) of the wave do not move.

*It's a little odd to say you have standing waves that are propagating, but yes, you will have a two dimensional standing wave, with a different wavevector in each dimension.  Here is a visualization of it frozen in time (I used $|\vec{p}| = |\vec{q}| = 1$ for simplicity).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Marking Policy for New Asteroid Activities: In Pursuit of Science, Settlement, Security, or Sales?
Several national governments have recently taken substantial steps toward creating policies that apply to new, path-breaking activities at asteroids in outer space. Near-term activities on asteroids are likely to be various, including mining initiated by private firms and planetary defense activities pursued by public agencies. Current perspectives on making policy toward asteroid activities often presume that the different goals pursued by actors interested in asteroids are mutually supportive and that diverse actors' common focus on asteroids builds momentum for creating an enabling policy environment. In contrast, we argue that the four main categories of asteroid activities envisioned today – scientific research (science), human settlement of other parts of the solar system (settlement), planetary defense (security), and mining (sales) – are best served by policy regimes with distinct features. Different activities require different policy arrangements, which are not straightforwardly compatible. The incompatibilities present policymakers with trade-offs. This paper discusses the four main types of asteroid activities and their related policy needs to highlight these trade-offs and influence debate.
Krolikowski, A., & Elvis, M. (2018). Marking Policy for New Asteroid Activities: In Pursuit of Science, Settlement, Security, or Sales?. Space Policy.
Alanna Krolikowski thanks the Fairbank Center at Harvard for hosting the informal Space Policy Discussion Forum at which this work was first presented and thanks the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (fellowship # 756-2012-0543) and the China Institute at the University of Alberta for making continued work on this project possible.


text:
Spine of England II – Reflections from Boff
Posted on 31 May 2018 by jjrramblers
Alongside this video of the walkers, taken during the final section of walking into Settle, Boff wrote his thoughts on the 6 days.
Click here for the video
Another year, another Ramble. Even after seven years' worth of walks and gigs I'd still say the whole Reluctant Ramblers idea is unique. And that's what it is, this weird collection of blisters and singing, it's an idea. Great ideas stick.
Going for a long walk, through beautiful countryside, is one thing. Playing music every night amongst friends and to invited audiences, that's one thing. Combining the two is something else altogether, something strange and wonderful, something singular and rare. And mad!
The madness this year began in Hepworth, a village high up on the hills above Holmfirth, a place where the buildings and the people are carved out of local Yorkshire stone. The village hall packed with locals and Ramblers, a gentle enough start to the week's walks. The highlight for me was watching JJ join his old mates, standing tentatively between bar and Exit sign, belting out 'Pratty Flowers' in harmony. It sounded like nothing less than a gathering of community and history as it rolled from verse to chorus and back again.
Next morning, after a big fat teacake of a Yorkshire breakfast at Steve and Alison's in Hepworth, we headed off up over Marsden towards the Calder Valley, some 20 miles away. John turned up to explain that he couldn't do the walks this year due to having damaged his back on a recent Oysterband tour. "I was helping move some equipment," said John, sighing. Anyone who knows John understands that he hasn't helped move any musical equipment since that fateful tour in 1983, around the time Alan Prosser had an afro. On that occasion John had damaged a wrist carrying several bottles of fine wine from the dressing room in a Tesco carrier and vowed never to "play the roadie" again.
So it was that the Spine of England rambles lost a leader. Yes, we all make jokes about John's sense of direction. His "little detours" and "creative map-reading". But having been thrust into the role of leading some of the walks on this tour I can belatedly appreciate the pressure involved in strolling along with 40 or 50 people behind you, chatting away, pointing out landmarks, and watching the Ordnance Survey's little green dotted lines as they weave and curve under your feet faster than your eye can follow them on the map.
That was a long first day of reservoirs, deer and fields, up and over Blackstone Edge across rock-strewn peat paths. At the White House pub our numbers doubled and tripled as we walked across to Stoodley Pike and steeply down into Hebden Bridge. It was a glorious way to end the day's walk, though most of us were wondering how we were going to play a concert before getting up the following day to do it all again. Then again. Then again. Then again. I was tired – we all were, weren't we?
John's absence meant that instead of ambling alon Pennine paths getting lost he was spending the days fretting and worrying. He claimed that being in 'the back-up team' with Tom, Julie and Fran was harder than walking. Which, in hindsight, is probably true (though when he was sending text messages to that effect as we stumbled over rotten stiles and through shitty farmyards, it didn't seem like it). The gig in Hebden was lovely. The band basically breaks down into several parts – Al holds it all together at the back, centre-stage, goalkeeper. Safe hands, great delivery. His wing-backs at either side are Lindsay on bass, rooted and strong on his right, with Tim on fiddle on the left, the brilliant flair player. Rowan at the front, angelic vocals and great crosses into the middle. Then there's me out on the right midfield, strumming along and trying to feed neat little passes up to the striker, John, bullet-headed marauding centre-forward and goal-poacher.
By the next morning the football analogies had been tucked into rucksacks and we were setting off up along the gorgeous Cragg Vale with an army of supporters, loving the scent of the woods and the sound of the rushing river, heading up and out of the valley to the Haworth moors, where, frankly, it pissed it down. One long, heavy, relentless piss of a pissing it down. We got so soaked we couldn't begin to muster the enthusiasm to sing a bit of Kate Bush up at Top Withins. Arriving at lunchtime, behind schedule, at the Old Sun Inn at Haworth, we packed out the pub with soggy clothes and tales of woe. The hardest morning, by a mile. By 11 miles, in fact.
John was worrying. He suggested calling off the afternoon's walk and heading straight for Saltaire by car. No! Thirteen people tightened the hoods on their cags and set off behind Colin, Mr Do-Or-Die, John's Captain Oats – "I'm going outside. I may be some time." Colin is the backroom staff you need when you're faced with the elements battering your willpower – one of those people who, if you have to picture him in your imagination, is wearing a smile and throwing out a gentle, witty insult. Colin isn't like me or John. Colin never gets lost.
Back-marker for the walks was Chris, another man of steel. Dependable. Except that, a mile out of Haworth and turning off the road onto an innocuous pathway, Chris slipped on wet tarmac and shattered his kneecap. It was all we could do to hold him back from amputating his own lower leg with his penknife and carrying on hopping the rest of the way. A trooper, he was carried off to the nearest A&E where he stayed for several days. Let that be a warning, ramblers! This all didn't help John's fragile sense of responsibility, or at least not until the first couple of beers had gone down before the Saltaire show.
The Live Room at Saltaire takes over an old social club, striplit and rough around the edges, with cheap beer and great photos of cabaret artistes (that extra 'e' is essential) on the noticeboards. I can see it now – John Jones and Rowan Godel. Boy-Girl Duo with Velvet Vocals and Full Repertoire of Contemporary Hits.
The gig was great. People seemed to like it. We played some encores and laughed as we played. People danced! Then it was back to a Tardis-like hotel in Shipley where we talked nonsense and forgot the fact that we had to set off on another long trek the morning after.
Saltaire to Otley. Easy. That's a one-word description that misses out the glorious weather, the birdsong, the ancient monuments, and the singing of 'Ilkley Moor Bah T'at', all 117 verses, by Slaithwaite's own bard, Mark. Doing these walks – and especially leading some of them – in my own backyard gave me a chance to look around me with an outsider's eye. I do remember first running on Ilkley Moor back in the 1980s, trying to cover a circuit of the whole moor before giving up and realising it was far too big. The Ramblers crossed the moor and headed down to the Cow and Calf quarry, pausing for breath and looking out over the Wharfe valley, up across to Beamsley Beacon where we would walk the following day.
From there we headed up to the top of Otley Chevin and the blustery Surprise View, on schedule and in good spirits. We pointed fingers at where we'd be playing that night and descended to the town for a drink at one of Otley's several thousand pubs. The concert, at the Courthouse, was a little more sedate than the previous three – possibly because arts centres can be quite neat and tidy, with an air of professionalism that doesn't suit the rabble of ne'er-do-wells in and around the Ramblers – but by now there was a rhythm and pattern to the days, as if we were on some gently moving train that would keep rolling forward to the next adventure.
The next adventure was the slog, on the hottest of days, up over Beamsley Beacon. We crossed burnt heather and I was so busy answering John's text messages ("Where are my socks?? I definitely had them on when I went to bed" and "Is anyone available to go to the bar for me?") that I took the line of Ramblers far from the chosen route and instead into an abyss of unfathomable, peat-bog awfulness. It was thus my fault when Nick decided to surf across the crusty top of the deepest of all bogs in the hope he might flit bird-like to the other side. Instead he disappeared up to his armpits into the stench of foul-smelling blackness. He still came out smiling, of course. He always does.
From there it was onto the Blackpool-promenade-like Bank Holiday madness at Bolton Abbey, a lovely spectacle in the midst of which stood the welcoming committee (JJ dressed head-to-toe in black) looking like the Mafia and urging us not to sit down for fear of missing soundcheck. Onwards we went, on to Appletreewick, the Cruck barn and sunburnt faces drinking ale in the sun. There it was, in a snapshot, what the whole 'idea' is about – the exhaustion of a day's walk, ramblers and band and JJ gathering and chatting through the ups and downs of the route, readying for a concert and revelling in the repeated rhythm of the walks and gigs. The Appletreewick show was a session, shared between anyone who turned up with an instrument and including some dancing, poetry-reading and even a version of that old Music Hall hit about falling over and getting back up again. You know the one – where the verse consists entirely of a list of drinks. Nick pointed out later that John couldn't manage to sing the list because he so rarely goes to the bar to buy a drink. I argued vehemently, of course, saying that JJ was a generous and benevolent comrade who was going through a heavy walking withdrawal and needed our support. Nick felt suitably guilty and snuck off to the back of the room to join Colin and Kirsten in a dark corner with several pints of fizzy lemonade.
That night we ended up at the Premier Inn, waiting in the lobby for over an hour being entertained not by Lenny Henry but by a local lad acting as night manager who insisted we weren't booked in there. To be honest he was fine until he spied Lindsay's double bass, which he presumed was a particularly bulky body-bag. The five hours' sleep we got that night was more than welcome, and from now on I'll be sure to book my family holidays in the Gargrave Premier Inn.
Heading out of Grassington in the morning ("hey let's have a group photograph in front of the carpark toilets!") we sauntered past my old house and from there up onto the limestone-littered moors that stretch across the Pennines towards Malham and beyond. Do you remember earlier when I referred to the previous day as "the hottest of days"? I was wrong. Above Malham Cove, the undulating moors straddling the spine of England were brutally exposed and Sahara-like. Without the sand. And with grass and sheep. Our line of walkers stretched out a mile long as wearily and sweatily we made our way following the harsh red glow of Colin's sunburnt legs, and fuelled only by his occasional offering of jelly babies ("cow hoof, anyone?").
Down the steepest of descents into Settle and the final concert, at the beautiful old Victoria Hall. Despite the tour's problems – John fingering the worry beads as he waited for us to arrive each day, Chris in hospital having his knee sliced and diced – we celebrated another wonderful and successful Ramblers' adventure in the old music hall, with audience and band sharing the songs as players and dancers, just as we shared the walks each day. To everyone's surprise, Chris turned up fresh from Airedale Hospital with his post-operation knee, smiling on the front row as the band played.
As I said at the start of this literary ramble, it's all such a great idea. The exhuastion, the conversations, the leading and following, and above all the shared experience. Remembering the start of the walk, back in Hepworth, the locals joining together to sing 'Pratty Flowers', made me realise how these rambling tours create that same sense of community and history.
So another tour over, and back to the Golden Lion in Settle for one last session and a roomful of hugs and goodbyes. See you next time…
This entry was posted in Spine of England II by jjrramblers. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Shiseido Creative
Children' Books That Enrich Family Time − A Shiseido and LOHACO Collaboration
Everyday items that fit the lives of busy parents
--The Oyasumi Kaori Ehon ("Goodnight" Scented Picture Book), Ohayo Sengan Sheet ("Good Morning" Facial Cleansing Sheet), and Ittekimasu Sunscreen ("I'm Off" Sunscreen) are products developed for encouraging communication between working parents and their children. What led to the development of these products?
Nagasaki:LOHACO, an online shopping website for daily necessities, organized the "LOHACO Everyday Items Exhibition" in the fall of 2016. Shiseido was invited to participate, and we had the desire to develop products for LOHACO's consumers that also reflect Shiseido's character, based on the theme of "everyday items." This was how it all began.
--How did you incorporate the concept of "everyday items" into the products?
Nagasaki:Many of the LOHACO users are new working parents. With that in mind, we kicked off the product development process by thinking about their everyday lives. Based on surveys, we learnt that working parents could only spend three hours together with their children before or after work. I also have a three-year-old daughter. As a working mother, I do feel the lack of time spent with our children poses an issue.
Among parents who do not have any time to spare, between their work and household chores, we felt that there are probably many who are concerned about whether they are communicating properly with their children. Hence, we formulated the concept of "cosmetics communication" with the aim of providing support with cosmetic products in enriching the limited parent-child communication time.
Nagaiwa:When we were considering what products to develop, we captured the following three instances as opportunities that parents have to communicate with their children: "good night," which is before bedtime, "good morning," which is after waking up in the morning, and "I'm off," which is when parents and children leave for work and nursery school, respectively. We then narrowed down the categories of cosmetic products that would be suitable for these times of the day.
Hiraoka:Initially, we thought about the design while considering various scenarios in which parents and children could use the products together. After settling on the three main ideas of "good night," "good morning," and "I'm off," we narrowed down the number of items, and finally decided to use a picture book, facial cleansing sheet, and sunscreen as our three products.
Oyasumi Kaori Ehon - Kaori Hakase Flavor (Flavor the Scent Expert).
Ittekimasu Sunscreen ("I'm Off" Sunscreen)
Ohayo Sengan Sheet ("Good Morning" Facial Cleansing Sheet)
The Oyasumi Kaori Ehon that fosters sensitivity and facilitates communication
The characters and leaf motifs that appear in the picture book are tied in with the sunscreen and the facial cleansing sheet.
--Among the three products, the most unique one would be the Oyasumi Kaori Ehon - Kaori Hakase Flavor (Flavor the Scent Expert). Other than offering the enjoyment of fragrance with the scented stickers that come with the book, it is also a novel idea for a cosmetics manufacturer to produce a picture book, isn't it?
Nagasaki:During the numerous meetings that we had, we talked about how a picture book is the easiest thing one can use to interest pre-school children, who are our target audience. The development team also had a desire to enhance the sensitivity of young children toward scents, so we decided to come up with something that gives off a scent when it is rubbed.
The story in the picture book was created by Nagaiwa. The protagonist is a raccoon named Flavor, and the story tells of his encounters with various scents, such as the rain, soil, and sun. Rather than using recognizable smells, such as bananas and apples, we linked the story with abstract smells from the natural world that can stimulate the imagination, such as the smell of rain. This was a key point to the story.
Nagaiwa:In fact, within the research on the five senses that Shiseido has studied continuously to date, we had produced a scented picture book that focused on the sense of smell (a product that was not commercialized). The desire to elevate scent to the level of art has also remained with Shiseido since the time of our first president, Shinzo Fukuhara (1883-1948), and I believe that this desire lies at the root of Shiseido's philosophy. Although this is a picture book, it also signifies the crystallization of Shiseido's strong sentiments toward scent.
--What difficulties did you face in producing the picture book?
Nagasaki:We had a hard time deciding on the tone of the illustrations, didn't we?
Nagaiwa:The illustrations in picture books range from simple drawings to full-colored ones. As a team, our goal was to create something that excites the sensitivity, and which brings a sense of discovery every time one looks at the illustrations. We put much effort into finding an illustrator who could transform various information cleverly into illustrations without making them seem too complex.
--Did you begin with deciding on the story and text, then adding the illustrations?
Nagaiwa:That's right. We came up with the story quickly, but it took time to ensure that the choice of words had a casual yet catchy tone, and that the expressions used were suitable for a picture book. Since a picture book is read many times over, we were particularly committed to perfecting the nuances of the text. This was completely different from my usual work of creating copies for cosmetic products as a copywriter. It was a fresh and enjoyable process. I was allowed to do it freely, without any restraint.
Realistic product creation with detailed scenario settings
--Apart from the picture book, I would also like to find out more about the cosmetic products. First of all, how do you use the Ohayo Sengan Sheet?
Hiraoka:We designed this product to be placed at the bedside. Children's faces are surprisingly dirty when they wake up in the morning, often stained with sweat or drool. However, they are still unable to wash their own faces properly. With that in mind, we produced these facial cleansing sheets based on the idea of parents wiping the faces of their children when waking them up. The package contains sheets soaked in lotion and shaped like leaves that are easy to retrieve.
--The Ittekimasu Sunscreen is shaped like the character from the picture book, Flavor, isn't it?
Nagasaki:Both the facial cleansing sheets, shaped like leaves, and the sunscreen bottle, shaped like Flavor, were designed as characters that have popped out from the world of the picture book. We felt that this would probably make it easier for children to develop a sense of attachment to them. To involve the user's sense of touch, we used a material with an interesting rubber-like texture, known as elastomer, for the back of Flavor's head on the sunscreen bottle, and inserted many stirring balls to create a fun noise when the bottle is shaken. These were subtle ways in which we tried to make it more fun for parents and children when they use the product.
--Were there any parts that you paid special attention to because the cosmetic products were meant for parents and children?
Nagasaki:This time, we put special effort into coming up with the scenarios of use. People usually apply sunscreen in the mornings, before they head out of the house, but they often forget to do so when they are busy and flustered. That is why we attached a strap that allows them to hang the bottle on the doorknob at the entryway, or on their bags. This would help them to remember to apply the sunscreen just before they leave the house, and even after they are out of the house. It was a new challenge to develop products while imagining the detailed timing and scenarios in life where people would use them.
Hiraoka:When we actually tried to hang the sunscreen bottle onto a baby pram or a bag, we began to understand some realistic concerns, such as whether to make the strap a buttoned strap, or that a mobile phone strap was not reliable. I aim to continue putting importance on such validation processes in my work.
Nagasaki:We also put effort into making sure that the products did not look merely like character merchandise. Since Flavor is a raccoon, his actual color would have been brown. However, if we were to retain his original form without making any changes, he would have become a mascot. We focused on drawing out the "cosmetic character" in subtle ways, such as using a blueish color, creating a shape that prioritizes ease of use, and considering the texture of the packaging materials.
Ohayo Sengan Sheet ("Good Morning" Facial Cleansing Sheet) designed for placing at the bedside
Ittekimasu Sunscreen ("I'm Off" Sunscreen) that can be hung up even in narrow spaces like the entryway
Through cosmetics, further enriching the invaluable time that parents and children share
--How did LOHACO respond to the products?
Hiraoka:Apparently, LOHACO had held a strong impression of Shiseido as a company that produces distinct and well-defined cosmetics for the independent woman. Hence, we received a positive response to the development of family-oriented products with a popular and gentle image. In fact, when we unraveled Shiseido's history of product development, we found a surprising number of unique designs, such as the Tako/Ika/Manbo ("Octopus/Squid/Sunfish") series of sun oil, sunscreen, and shampoo products with packaging shaped like sea creatures (production and sales discontinued). Being responsible for production has drawn my attention to Shiseido's history once again, and helped me uncover various knowledge.
Nagaiwa:We had the opportunity to present these three products at the marketing consortium that brings together the exhibiting companies from the LOHACO Everyday Items Exhibition 2016, and we weren't sure of how to communicate the background of these products' development during the consortium. As the concept and packaging design were moving forward very smoothly, we felt that the use of so-called presentation materials to explain the target audience and product concept would limit the message and sentiments that we wish to convey.
Ultimately, instead of using typical presentation slides to explain the products and the background to their development, we created an image movie in the format of a documentary. We invited working parents and their children to appear in the movie, and featured moments of the actual interaction that they had. By doing so, we created contents that gave a real sense of the invaluable and important time spent between parents and children. At the marketing consortium, there were participants whose eyes filled with tears watching the movie. It drew quite a strong response from the audience.
--(Having watched the movie) Busy working parents seem to feel lonely, somehow, but the contents of the movie treat that idea with great care and kindness.
Nagaiwa:I believe that an important part of parent-child communication lies in "the parts that lie beyond using the products." What lies beyond the reading of a picture book, or the enjoyable use of sunscreen, could be interaction and dialogue. We constantly kept that in mind while developing the products.
Nagasaki:Raising children entails a series of "things that do not work as expected," so I am sure that busy parents also experience frustrating and annoying moments when their pace is broken. Hence, the team often spoke about our desire to value the "beauty of the heart" of parents, and to help them create that state of beauty. If their hearts are beautiful, we believe their facial expressions would also become beautiful. We have also incorporated into the products our desire for these parents to be wonderful parents.
Hiraoka:I think that it is natural to have little time to spare once you have children. However, I felt that there was something dreary about directly pursuing efficiency and saving time in that process. I hope that the products with smiling characters, calming colors, and user-friendly designs can help parents to forget their stress, and thereby improve their efficiency. I would be really happy if the products could help them to relax and enrich the communication with their children.
Tako/Ika/Manbo ("Octopus/Squid/Sunfish") products with unique design, created by the Shiseido's Advertising and Design Department (1989)
The sunscreen packaging, shaped like the raccoon named Flavor, was produced after numerous prototypes, with a focus on the texture of the packaging.
Shiseido Creative Division
Yuka Nagasaki
Yoshiyasu Hiraoka
Ryohei Nagaiwa
"I like myself better now than when I was younger."−−A PRIOR promotional campaign starring attractive older women
A Gift of Radiance
Shoko Shiota
Taisuke Kikuchi
HOME TREE
Yoji Nobuto
Eriko Kobayashi


February 16, 2017 Randy R.
"Great location, really nice people."
February 14, 2017 Austin O.
December 29, 2016 John M.
"This is a great RV Park and very friendly people. They have nice facilities and are close to downtown Rogers but it's conveniently located on the lake."
October 22, 2016 Patty W.
"We had a wonder time here! The staff are wonderful, friendly people who help out in every way. The park is nice and quiet with beautiful trees! We can't wait to go back next year!"
April 23, 2014 Stacy H.
"The nicest people run this place."


Description: A disturbing letter written by the janitor.
Description: This will allow me to restore power to the elevator on the fifth floor.
Description: Directions on how to find the Red Eden Hospital.
Description: The key will unlock room 105 inside the hospital.
Will be available October 13th.


text:
First-of-its-kind upgraded C-130H returns to Wyoming ANG
By Senior Airman Autumn Velez, 153rd Airlift Wing / Published January 09, 2018
A one of a kind C-130H Hercules aircraft assigned to the Wyoming Air National Guard is seen flying, Jan. 6, 2018 at Cheyenne Regional Airport. The aircraft is the first of the legacy H-model C-130 fleet to be modified with upgraded T-56 Rolls Royce 3.5 engines, NP2000 eight-bladed propellers and electronic propeller controls. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Senior Master Sgt. Charles Delano)
A one of a kind C-130H Hercules aircraft assigned to the Wyoming Air National Guard lands, Jan. 6, 2018 at Cheyenne Regional Airport. The aircraft is the first of the legacy H-model C-130 fleet to be modified with upgraded T-56 Rolls Royce 3.5 engines, NP2000 eight-bladed propellers and electronic propeller controls. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Senior Master Sgt. Charles Delano)
ANG/AFRC Test Center demonstrates upgraded C-130 engines
CHEYENNE, Wyo. -- The Wyoming Air National Guard's 153rd Airlift Wing briefly welcomed home the Air Force's first fully-upgraded C-130H Hercules cargo aircraft, Saturday.
This aircraft is the first C-130H to receive extensive upgrades allowing the Air National Guard to remain competitive with the C-130J found primarily at active-duty wings.
During the past 18 months, this specific aircraft has been at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, receiving three separate engine-related modifications aiming to make the legacy aircraft more efficient.
These modifications include upgrading to an eight bladed NP2000 propeller, replacing the original four metal propellers; switching to an electronic propeller controlled system; and equipping the aircraft with Rolls-Royce T56 series 3.5 engines.
"We are very excited to be getting the NP2000 props, the electronic propeller control system (EPCS), and the 3.5 series engine upgrades," said Maj. Leanna Thomas, 153rd Airlift Wing chief of safety and C-130H pilot. "With these modifications, we'll see significant improvements that have been needed to ensure longevity and mission flexibility."
While there are various wings across the Air National Guard that have C-130Hs, the Wyoming Air National Guard was chosen specifically because of its involvement in the initial testing with the EPCS and NP2000 in 2008, when the Air Force was first exploring the idea of upgrading the H-model.
Collectively, these upgrades will increase performance, fuel efficiency and reliability of the aircraft, which will sustain the life and relevance of the H-model. Additionally, they will allow Air National Guard units to cut costs by not having to upgrade to its successor, the C-130J.
"When we add these modifications to all of our aircraft, we will greatly increase the reliability and performance of the C-130H, and the overall lethality of the United States Air Force," said Col. Justin Walrath, 153rd Airlift Wing commander.
While the unit is looking forward to the modified legacy aircraft, further testing will be done at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, before the remainder of 153rd's fleet and C-130Hs across the Air Force are upgraded.
upgrade C-130H Hercules


It is essential to the finished product that the fabrics are cut perfectly straight.
Main fabric = measurement of the finished blind +60mm to the width and 400mm to the length.
Lining fabric = measurement of the finished blind + 400mm to the length.
(This 400mm allowance allows for a 190mm turning at the bottom of the blind, 100mm at the top to allow for fixing to the batten, and 20mm at each pleat casing) Shorter blinds may not need as much allowance.
Lay lining on top of fabric with right sides facing. Make a pleat in the main fabric so that the side edges of fabric and lining match. Pin, then stitch the side seams taking 15mm for seams. Trim slightly then press seams open.
Turn right sides out and position so lining is centred on the main fabric. Press to get crisp edges to the blind.
Zigzag or overlock both top and bottom edges. Turn up 10mm across lower edge of blind, press then turn up 40mm for casing. Press and stitch across blind.
These casings determine the folds of the blind when it is pulled up.
Divide the finished length of blind by 300mm (e.g. 1.500 ÷ .300 = 5) to get approximate amount of casings and distance between casings. A 20mm seam allowance for each casing needs to be allowed for at this stage, so need to adjust the distance between casings.
Measure carefully and mark the position of each casing with lines. Fold blind across at each line of markings and pin. Allowing a 10mm seam, sew across each casing. Lie blind flat and measure from the bottom of blind the finished length, mark this and stitch across.
The blind is pulled up by cords running through small plastic or brass curtain rings stitched to the back of the blind casings. Rings should be spaced about 600mm apart, across the row. Work out how many rings will fit across the blind, positioning one 15mm in from each side, with the rest spaced evenly in between, for a small blind you will need to place one in the middle. Stitch rings in place by hand to the top of each casing.
Cut batten to required length and cover ends of batten with small piece of fabric. Place in lower casing.
The use of fibreglass rods is optional, for a small blind they are not really necessary, but if the blind is a large one (width wise) rods placed in each of the casings will give stability.
Cut to required length, slide into the casing pocket and stitch ends closed.
Decide which side of the blind you want the pull cord to hang. Lay blind flat with lining facing you. Don't forget everything is now back to front, so you position the cord to hang at the opposite side to your finished requirement.
The size of the batten is optional. We use 20mm x 40mm. Staple or tack the fabric to the batten so that the top of the blind stitching line lies straight across the top edge of batten. (This will be slightly different for top fixed than for face fixed blinds). Make sure the blind is STRAIGHT.
Fit a screw eye into the batten at the top of each line of rings. Thread cords through the screw eyes, running them all to the one side of the blind. The cords can be tied off into a cord joiner, with one larger cord going to the acorn or the cords can be plaited and tied off at the acorn.
Either screw the batten directly into the top of the window recess, or fit 'J' brackets above the window. Fit the cleat to the side of the window frame to anchor the cord when the blind is up.


This once in a lifetime trip to Zambia is a great expierance for my sister and I. On this embarkment we will be builing homes and helping in orphaages for the kids and fmaily are in need. I am very passionate abput this topic because many people dont realize all the poverty and abandoned people there in in this world and it nedd to be changed. I believe that a few people can make a huge inpace on a familys life.


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The last line of the summary() function output produces an F-test for the whole model. In this case, the model only contains the effects of pollination type so it simply repeats the result we have already seen. If you look back to the start of this chapter you will see that the data set has additional information: in particular, equal numbers of crossed and selfed plants were planted in each pot. Essentially the plants are grouped into pairs, one from each treatment. 130 You can see that adding the pairing to the analysis takes up a lot of DF and it changes the calculation of the mean squares.
Luckily, the results from linear models are fairly robust to mild infringements of the assumptions. This is fortunate because sometimes there is nothing we can do to cure the problems (although in many cases there are things we can try, as we shall see in Chapter 4). 7 Summary In this chapter we reanalysed Darwin's maize data using t-tests and CIs instead of ANOVA (as in Chapter 2). We saw that for these simple models, so long as the equivalent test is being performed, the t-test produces a P-value that matches that from the ANOVA.
When the linear predictor consists of only a one (lm(y ~ 1)) then the intercept is the grand mean—the average of the values of the response variable. If a factor was added to the linear predictor (y~1+factor) then the intercept is the mean of one of the factor levels: R's default behaviour is to pick whichever has the lowest number if the factor levels are coded 1, 2, 3, etc or whichever comes first alphabetically (aardvarks before anteaters, and so on). The relevel() function allows you to override these default behaviours when you want to set another factor level as the intercept (with unbalanced data you can relevel to make each factor level the intercept in turn when you need their standard errors).


I know, I know, but I promised I would (*try to*) write every day when I was at home. I've been in the middle of nowhere for the past days with a bunch of guys in a cabin without electricity and without running water. The only thing we had was a fireplace, a gas stove, oil lamps and a wood heated sauna.