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Huntingtin, BDNF, Neurodegeneration: Is Speed of the Essence?
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In the July 10 Cell, Frederic Saudou, Sandrine Humbert, and colleagues from the CNRS in Orsay, France, report that huntingtin (htt) enhances transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) along microtubules. The results offer a plausible explanation as to why striatal neurons, which depend on cortex-derived BDNF for survival, are so specifically and effectively destroyed by Huntington's disease.
PolyQ expansions in huntingtin are responsible for this lethal neurodegenerative disorder, which slowly kills striatal neurons. Exactly how polyQ-huntingtin wreaks havoc has been debated since the mutation was discovered. Some theories hinge on the fact that the mutant protein forms aggregates. These may be damaging in and of themselves, or they may sequester other essential proteins and thus prevent them from doing their job (see ARF related news story). Other theories have linked polyQ-huntingtin to regulation of BDNF activity (see ARF related news story). More recently, however, it has been suggested that polyQ-huntingtin blocks axonal transport (see ARF related news story). Now, first author Laurent Gauthier and colleagues seem to have linked the last two observations.
Gauthier et al. made the connection thanks to extremely fast 3D videomicroscopy. By labeling BDNF with a variant of green fluorescent protein (eGFP), they were able to measure its movement in vesicles. When Gauthier examined neural cell lines isolated from knock-in mice that expressed either wild-type or polyQ-huntingtin, they found no obvious difference in the localization of BDNF. The speed of BDNF transport, however, was another matter. The number of stationary vesicles was reduced by almost half when wild-type htt was used, mutant htt, however, had no such effect. In addition, the videomicroscopy showed that the vesicles were moving faster in the presence of wild-type htt. To prove that this vesicular fast track was indeed due to huntingtin, Gauthier knocked down its expression with siRNA. This put the brakes on the vesicles, restoring them to their original speed. Web videos documenting this effect are part of the supplemental material on Cell's journal website.
The slowing, but not stopping, of the vesicles by mutant huntingtin fits with how the disease progresses, as it suggests that neurons succumb gradually, over time. The finding that cells heterozygous for polyQ-htt are as badly affected as homozygous cells indicates a dominant-negative effect, which also fits with Huntington's genetics.
But how exactly does htt affect BDNF transport? To address this question, Gauthier incubated cells with nocodozole, which depolymerizes microtubules. This resulted in a scattering of the BDNF vesicles and inhibition of their movement, suggesting that the factor is transported along microtubules. To find out what other components may keep the BDNF vesicle train on its tracks, Gauthier co-expressed eGFP-htt with huntingtin-associated protein 1, or HAP1. The latter was found to mediate BDNF transport. In fact, htt engineered to lack the HAP 1 binding site failed to stimulated movement of BDNF. HAP1 is well-known for its ability to bridge microtubules to huntingtin (see ARF related news story).
Where does this leave the aggregation hypothesis? In a curious twist, the authors also found evidence that the lethality of polyQ-huntingtin may be due, at least partly, to sequestration of other proteins—the culprits being HAP1, p150glued, dynein intermediate chain (IC), and kinesin heavy chain (HC). When the authors partitioned these components, they found that polyQ-htt has a higher affinity for HAP1 than wild-type htt. Not only that, but they found that this complex pulls in p150glued, and prevents the dynein and kinesin motor proteins from binding to microtubules. These findings appear to have physiological relevance, because by using sucrose gradients Gauthier found that distribution of dynein IC and p150glued is altered in brain samples from Huntington's patients.
As for treatment, the dominant-negative nature of the mutations suggests that inhibiting gene expression might be an approach worth testing. Toward this end, Beverly Davidson and colleagues from the University of Iowa reported in an independent study last week in Nature Medicine that they managed to relieve symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia, another polyglutamine-expansion disease, in rodents treated with small interfering RNAs directed against the mutated gene. (For more on RNAi therapeutic approaches, see ARF Live Discussion.)—Tom Fagan
Robert Peers
Solo practitioner and independent researcher; Founder, National Institute of Good Health
Cortisol, I believe, inhibits BDNF expression or function. Fatty diet (low in Essential Fatty Acids-EFA) causes permanent stress in the offspring—with raised cortisol and homocysteine—when consumed in pregnancy. Fatty adult diet causes mitochondrial uncoupling, impaired ATP formation and superoxide production, by depleting mit. membranes of EFA. There are large unexplained variations in Huntington's onset and severity, which may be explained by the above observations. I have seen HD develop in the 40-year old anxious, fat-eating daughter of a calmer mother, who developed HD at a later stage of life, and progressed more slowly. Nutritionally, the best intervention for HD—until some cure for the genetic fault comes along—would be to institute low-fat, EFA rich diet, and if anxiety is present, add 10 gm daily of Inositol powder supplement, which should lower the cortisol and homocysteine levels, thus improving BDNF function etc.. It wouldn't hurt to throw in some folic acid. Dr Krishna Vaddadi, in far-off Australia, has used EFA with good results. Nobody has yet tried Inositol, which requires the insight to detect chronic anxiety, the best marker for which is probably a history of shyness in childhood.
View all comments by Robert Peers
Margaret Fahnestock
I find this paper a significant contribution to the field, and one that will undoubtedly engender further work and exploration into potential new therapeutics. This is important for the Alzheimer's field because new approaches designed to increase vesicular transport may significantly aid Alzheimer's victims. Specifically:
It is interesting to find decreased BDNF transport in Huntington's disease, in view of the decrease in BDNF transcription that was previously reported (Zuccato et al., 2001) and which presumably occurs via polyglutamine-mediated interference with CBP-regulated gene transcription (Nucifora et al., 2001). Importantly, as Gauthier et al. note in their current manuscript, these two mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and could both contribute to neuronal death.
The parallels that we and others find with decreased BDNF transcription in cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (Garzon et al., 2002; Holsinger et al., 2000; Murray et al., 1994; Phillips et al., 1991) suggest BDNF downregulation as a general mechanism for compromising neuronal survival in neurodegenerative diseases.
Decreases in NGF in nucleus basalis of Alzheimer's disease patients and increases in proNGF in cortex and hippocampus (Scott et al., 1995; Hock et al., 2000; Fahnestock et al., 2001) are also consistent with a defect in cholinergic basal forebrain neuronal transport of neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's disease.
ProBDNF is decreased in Alzheimer's disease (Michalski and Fahnestock, 2003), and we are examining retrograde transport of proNGF and proBDNF. The potential involvement of proBDNF should also be examined in Huntington's disease, particularly in light of the demonstrated involvement of the pro domain in activity-dependent secretion of BDNF (Egan et al., 2003).
Zuccato C, Ciammola A, Rigamonti D, Leavitt BR, Goffredo D, Conti L, MacDonald ME, Friedlander RM, Silani V, Hayden MR, Timmusk T, Sipione S, Cattaneo E. Loss of huntingtin-mediated BDNF gene transcription in Huntington's disease. Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):493-8. PubMed.
Nucifora FC, Sasaki M, Peters MF, Huang H, Cooper JK, Yamada M, Takahashi H, Tsuji S, Troncoso J, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Ross CA. Interference by huntingtin and atrophin-1 with cbp-mediated transcription leading to cellular toxicity. Science. 2001 Mar 23;291(5512):2423-8. PubMed.
Garzon D, Yu G, Fahnestock M. A new brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcript and decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcripts 1, 2 and 3 in Alzheimer's disease parietal cortex. J Neurochem. 2002 Sep;82(5):1058-64. PubMed.
Holsinger RM, Schnarr J, Henry P, Castelo VT, Fahnestock M. Quantitation of BDNF mRNA in human parietal cortex by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction: decreased levels in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2000 Mar 29;76(2):347-54. PubMed.
Murray KD, Gall CM, Jones EG, Isackson PJ. Differential regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and type II calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase messenger RNA expression in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience. 1994 May;60(1):37-48. PubMed.
Phillips HS, Hains JM, Armanini M, Laramee GR, Johnson SA, Winslow JW. BDNF mRNA is decreased in the hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. 1991 Nov;7(5):695-702. PubMed.
Scott SA, Mufson EJ, Weingartner JA, Skau KA, Crutcher KA. Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer's disease: increased levels throughout the brain coupled with declines in nucleus basalis. J Neurosci. 1995 Sep;15(9):6213-21. PubMed.
Hock C, Heese K, Hulette C, Rosenberg C, Otten U. Region-specific neurotrophin imbalances in Alzheimer disease: decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and increased levels of nerve growth factor in hippocampus and cortical areas. Arch Neurol. 2000 Jun;57(6):846-51. PubMed.
Fahnestock M, Michalski B, Xu B, Coughlin MD. The precursor pro-nerve growth factor is the predominant form of nerve growth factor in brain and is increased in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2001 Aug;18(2):210-20. PubMed.
Michalski B, Fahnestock M. Pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor is decreased in parietal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2003 Mar 17;111(1-2):148-54. PubMed.
Egan MF, Kojima M, Callicott JH, Goldberg TE, Kolachana BS, Bertolino A, Zaitsev E, Gold B, Goldman D, Dean M, Lu B, Weinberger DR. The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell. 2003 Jan 24;112(2):257-69. PubMed.
View all comments by Margaret Fahnestock
Elliott Mufson
Barrow Neurological Institute
The findings of decreased BDNF transport in Huntington's disease, as well as the reports by the Brady and Goldstein groups are significant, as they support the hypothesis that various neurodegenerative disorders display impaired axonal transport defects. These findings parallel the findings from our group showing a deficit in the retrograde transport of NGF within the cholinergic basal forebrain cortical projection system, a reduction in cortical levels of the NGF signal transduction trkA receptor, as well as decreased pre and proBDNF transcription in cortex and hippocampus during the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
These obsersvation lends support to the emerging concept that several of the most common human neurodegnerative diseases have a common underlying defect in impaired axonal transport in addition to the more traditional pathologic lesions. Transport defects may play pivotal roles in the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations leading to cell death.
Peng S, Wuu J, Mufson EJ, Fahnestock M. Increased proNGF levels in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004 Jun;63(6):641-9. PubMed.
View all comments by Elliott Mufson
News Citations
A Potential Mechanism for Cell Toxicity in Huntington's 22 Nov 2002
Huntingtin Regulates BDNF 22 Nov 2002
Huntington's Protein Snarls Axonal Traffic 2 Oct 2003
Protein-Protein Interactions, Cytoskeleton Implicated in Huntington's 22 Nov 2002
Other Citations
ARF Live Discussion
Axonal Transport Suggested as Function for APP 22 Nov 2002
Primary Papers
Gauthier LR, Charrin BC, Borrell-Pagès M, Dompierre JP, Rangone H, Cordelières FP, De Mey J, MacDonald ME, Lessmann V, Humbert S, Saudou F. Huntingtin controls neurotrophic support and survival of neurons by enhancing BDNF vesicular transport along microtubules. Cell. 2004 Jul 9;118(1):127-38. PubMed.
Xia H, Mao Q, Eliason SL, Harper SQ, Martins IH, Orr HT, Paulson HL, Yang L, Kotin RM, Davidson BL. RNAi suppresses polyglutamine-induced neurodegeneration in a model of spinocerebellar ataxia. Nat Med. 2004 Aug;10(8):816-20. PubMed.
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This entry was posted in Mental Illness, Suicide Prevention, Thoughts from the serious side. and tagged complicated grief, grief, guilt, love, suicide, suicide prevention by Sophia Ball. Bookmark the permalink.
I hear you darling Sophia. There is not a day a evening a bed time I don't feel loss and guilt at not being the Father that could help or save his daughter. The biggest regret of my life is failing Sherry, never seeing the suicide coming, never seeing the complete desperation. We talked many times a week during her hospital stay and she would never hang up until I said My darling daughter.
That is tragic and beautifully expressed my friend.


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Problem is that many map-artists exaggerate the extensions. In reality, its doubtful that direct Egyptian control stretched much beyond the fertile stripes of the Nile.
It is no exaggeration. The trade with gold was West Africas main income for a half millenium, and large amounts of gold which was in use in both the Islamic World aswell as Europe initially came from West Africa. So its true that West Africa was one of the main suppliers of gold during world history.
Traders and merchants from Ghana traded for gold from these mining areas by means of what has become known as 'silent trade', or dumb barter. Upon reaching the gold mining regions the Ghanaian traders would place their trade goods on the ground, then they would beat on large drums and blow on trumpets, before withdrawing out of sight. The local Africans would then emerge and place what they believed to be the equivalent value in gold on the ground next to the goods they wished to trade for. The Africans would then withdraw, and the traders would re-emerge. If the traders agreed with the exchange rate being offered, they would take the gold and once again beat their drums and blow their trumpets before withdrawing with the trade being completed. The gold would then be taken to the market towns of Kumbi Saleh or Aoudaghost, the southern terminus of the western trans-Sahara trade route that led from Marrekesh in Morocco. In these towns the gold would be exchanged for salt and exotic Mediterranean goods transported across the Sahara by North African merchants. Through controlling the trade and taxing the import and export of goods transported to Ghana in exchange for gold the Ghanaian state was able to accrue wealth and strengthen its position.
As the west African Sudan and Sahel is largely bereft of salt, and salt was in short supply everywhere in the region, it 'was literally worth its weight in gold' to Africans in West Africa at the time (Crowder 1977: 28). The oases town of Taghaza, which was built completely from salt and was entirely dependent on food transported into the town from the North and the South depended solely on its production of salt.
When the Arabs conquered North Africa in the seventh century they discovered that Berber nomads on camels had long established trade links with Ghana, and that the main item of trade was gold. This was of particular importance to the Arabs for their monetary system was based on gold. For the coming eight hundred years, until the Americas were brought into direct contact with Europe and Asia, West Africa was to become the prime source of gold in Europe and the Levant. By the eighth century Ghana's fame as 'the land of Gold' had reached the court of the Caliph in Baghdad, where news of its existence was recorded by the geographer Al-Fazari (Crowder 1977: 27). According to the early tenth-century geographer Ibn al-Faqih, gold grew there 'in the sand, as carrots do, and is picked at sunrise' (in Wright 2007: 19).
Europe and the Islamic world don't constitute "the world", and being a main supplier doesn't equate to the entire world supply coming from there - which is what the poster implied.
Yes, Songhai Empire was the largest empire in Africa. It was nearly the size of western Europe and like Swaggnaut said that Egyptian map is highly exaggerated.
No this is rich, why don't you cite us a source that states the University of Sankore was not a university, but mostly a mosque... Instead of making bold claims.
I mean there are sources that state that. And given how rich those Western Sudanic kingdoms were due to gold. Its not an exagerration. During that time most of the worlds golds came from Western Sudan(Ghana, Mali, Songhai). Which is why people who were not from that area so desperately tried to find the source of the gold.
No one is making a claim that ALL the gold came from there, but again 2/3s.
"Mali was the source of almost half the Old World's gold exported from mines in Bambuk, Boure and Galam."
West Africa: West Africa in History 1000-1800".
"The most important foundation of Malian power,however, was control of gold, and it is as a man of gold that Mansa Musa is still remembered. His story is quite important to world economic history, since the supply of gold he commanded played a crucial role in the economic growth of the Mediterranean."
"It should be remembered here that during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries there was an acute shortage of precious metals in Europe and in the Muslim lands and that the only really important source of gold was in the western Sudan and its hinterland."
"The rising European demand for gold, added to the perennial market in the Islamic states, stimulated more gold production in the Sudan, to the enormous fiscal advantage of Mali. In the latest medieval period overall, West Africa may have been producing almost two-thirds of the world's gold supply."
Anyways if you're referring to one of the posts by me which touched base on Western Sudanic gold production, I didn't mean to say the entire world.


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Home Sports Australia's India tour to overlap with T20I against Sri Lanka
Australia's India tour to overlap with T20I against Sri Lanka
Australia could face the unusual prospect of two of their series scheduled early next year overlapping, according to Pat Howard, Cricket Australia (CA) general manager.
It is believed discussions were held at ICC level earlier this year, where James Sutherland, CA chief executive, raised the prospect of a clash of games involving the first Test in Bangalore and Australia's scheduled T20I series against Sri Lanka at home on February 17, 19 and 22.
CA does not expect the Border-Gavaskar Trophy fixture will directly clash with the back end of the Australian summer, but there is a scenario where Australia could be playing a T20 game at home and a Test match in India simultaneously.
"We are scenario-planning and we strongly don't anticipate that an Australian team will be playing the same day as another Aussie team," Howard toldFoxsports.com.au on Thursday (August 4). "Our caveat is we don't know when the Indian Tests are. We haven't got that schedule confirmed."
Testament to an increasingly crammed calendar due to the rise of Twenty20 cricket, tours have been coinciding as highlighted earlier this year when Australia's ODI squad left for New Zealand in the midst of a Twenty20 series against India in Australia.
But specific matches are yet to clash, although it is a prospect that appears inevitable. "The schedule will continue to be tight, and has been for the last couple of years," Howard said. "There have been contingency plans discussed. The preparation clashes which happened in the past, I can absolutely see happening again."
Howard said Test cricket remained Australia's priority. "I don't apologise for putting Test cricket first," he said. "We have to give the guys every opportunity to play well in India, which will mean (other) guys will get an opportunity to play T20 international cricket here." (Courtesy Cricbuzz.com)

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Henry Hudson Pkwy and 142nd St, NY, NY
"sewage treatment" SPDES "water discharge" sewage lehman1
New York City owns the North River Sewage Treatment Facility which is operated by the Department of Environmental Protection under the administration of the Bureau of Water and Sewer Operations.
Riverbank State Park is operated by the NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation.
Plant in operation: 1986
Design Capacity: 170 MGD
Dewatering: Wards Island WPCP
Population Served: 588,772
Drainage Area: 6,030 Acres
Plant Staff: 109
Riverbank State Park is a 28-acre multi-level landscaped recreational facility built directly on top of the North River Sewage Treatment Facility. Housed in five major buildings are an Olympic-size pool, a covered skating rink for roller skating in the summer and ice-skating in the winter, an 800-seat cultural theater, a 2,500-seat athletic complex with fitness room, and a 150-seat restaurant. Outdoor sports amenities include a 25-yard lap pool, a wading pool, four tennis courts, four basketball courts, a softball field, four hand/paddleball courts, and a 400-meter eight-lane running track with a football/soccer field.


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Juan Thompson Pleads Guilty to One Count of Cyberstalking and One Count of a Hoax Threat (Jun 13, 2017)
Home › Blog › Firm Victories › Juan Thompson Pleads Guilty to One Count of Cyberstalking and One Count of a Hoax Threat (Jun 13, 2017)
For months our client was the target of relentless and unrelenting online stalking, defamation, and impersonation at the hands of Juan Thompson. What began as revenge porn culminated in a national news story when he called in hoax bomb threats at Jewish Community Centers around the country, again impersonating her or claiming he knew she was about to take this violent action. She was terrorized for months. We give tremendous credit to the team that investigated and prosecuted this case and expect it to be a lesson about the patterns escalation we so often see at our firm among the victims of stalking who we represent. At this point, we hope the media respects our client's privacy at home and work since it was her privacy that was so under attack by this man.
(US v. Kurzynski, Dec 7, 2018) On Friday, Joel Kurzynski was sentenced to over two years...
Client's Stalker Sentenced to 30 Months in Prison
Our client's stalker, Ryan Lin, launched a twisted stalking campaign that was extreme and relentless. ...
Landmark Sentencing for Our Client's Stalker at 17 ½ Years (Us v. Ryan Lin, Oct 3, 2018)
Annie Seifullah, a former Queens principal, was targeted by her ex-boyfriend in a humiliating revenge...
Client Wins Settlement from New York City's Department of Education (Oct 1, 2018)
Just like the many, many stalking offenders our firm has dealt with, Kurzysnki wished to...
Client's Stalker Pleads Guilty to 2 Counts of Cyberstalking (Sept 11, 2018)
The Department of Justice issued a press release detailing the alarming events that led to...
Client's Stalker Arrested and Charged by DOJ for Cyberstalking and Interstate Threats (Aug 23, 2018)
Read DOJ press release
Client's 4-Year Stalker Pleads Guilty In SDNY US v Waldman (Aug 22, 2018)
Six Figure Settlement in Multi-Client Video Voyeurism Case (July 24, 2018)
After reporting a brutal rape that happened in her school's stairwell, our 15-year-old client was...
We Win $950k for Our Client from NYC Dept. of Ed for Punishing her after Stairwell Sexual Assault in LW v NYC DOE, et al. (July 15, 2018)
New Suit Against School for Forcing our 13 Yr Client to Stay Home After Rape Tape Went Viral. GJB v NYC DOE, et al. EDNY (June 12, 2018)


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Home>Destination>Morroco
Morocco is a sovereign country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of 446,550 km2 (172,410 sq mi). Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, and Meknes. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours.
Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks. On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, the word "walking" is acceptable to describe all forms of walking, whether it is a walk in the park or backpacking in the Alps. The word hiking is also often used in the UK, along with rambling (a slightly old-fashioned term), hillwalking, and fell walking (a term mostly used for hillwalking in northern England). The term bushwalking is endemic to Australia, having been adopted by the Sydney Bush Walkers club in 1927. In New Zealand a long, vigorous walk or hike is called tramping.It is a popular activity with numerous hiking organizations worldwide, and studies suggest that all forms of walking have health benefits.
In the United States, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and United Kingdom, hiking means walking outdoors on a trail, or off trail, for recreational purposes. A day hike refers to a hike that can be completed in a single day. However, in the United Kingdom, the word walking is also used, as well as rambling, while walking in mountainous areas is called hillwalking. In Northern England, Including the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales, fellwalking describes hill or mountain walks, as fell is the common word for both features there.
Bhutan, India, Japan, London, Maldives, Morroco, Nepal, Paris, Prague, San Francisco, Tibet, Venice 8 Days
Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving across water. It is distinguished from canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle. A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation. Most kayaks have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well.
Kayaks were created thousands of years ago by the Inuit, formerly known as Eskimos, of the northern Arctic regions. They used driftwood and sometimes the skeleton of whale, to construct the frame of the kayak, and animal skin, particularly seal skin was used to create the body. The main purpose for creating the kayak, which literally translates to "hunter's boat" was for hunting and fishing. The kayak's stealth capabilities, allowed for the hunter to sneak up behind animals on the shoreline, and successfully catch their prey. By the mid-1800s the kayak became increasingly popular and the Europeans became interested. German and French men began kayaking for sport. In 1931, a man named Adolf Anderle became the first person to kayak down the Salzachofen Gorge, this is where the birthplace of modern-day white-water kayaking is believed to have begun. Kayak races were introduced in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936.
In the 1950s fiberglass kayaks were developed and commonly used, until 1980s when polyethylene plastic kayaks came about. Kayaking progressed as a fringe sport in the U.S. until the 1970s, when it became a mainstream popular sport. Now, more than 10 white water kayaking events are featured in the Olympics.While kayaking represents a key international watersport, few academic studies have been conducted on the role kayaking plays in the lives and activities of the public .Olympics.While kayaking represents a key international watersport, few academic studies have been conducted on the role kayaking plays in the lives and activities of the public . .Olympics.While kayaking represents a key international watersport, few academic studies have been conducted on the role kayaking plays in the lives and activities of the public .


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Undergraduate Certificate in Local History: Approaches to British Local History
New - One Thousand Futures Bursary
The One Thousand Futures Bursary scheme will support those adults who have been most affected by COVID-19 by providing a subsidy towards ICE undergraduate certificates, diplomas and advanced diplomas. There are 1,000 bursaries of £1,000 each available. Find out more
Price Freeze – during January and February 2020 this course will be offered at the price of £2,250. From 1 March the price will increase to £2,450.
This course provides an introduction to local history as a subject and to the 'doing' of local history through examining local sources of historical evidence that can assist the student in undertaking their own local history projects. The first unit explores the types of local history and some of the skills that local historians use, the second considers the central role of the parish in the lives of parishioners in the early modern period, while the final unit examines religious identities in the 18th and 19th centuries.
What will I be studying?
Certificate in Local History II introduces students to the approaches historians take to local history, including landscape and architectural history, oral history, church history, and qualitative history (such as diaries), plus transcribing original documents. These approaches, and others, are further explored through the themes of the history of poverty, disease and medicine and the history of religious identities. Students will be introduced to a wide range of primary and secondary evidence and will be given instruction in document evaluation and essay writing skills.
Each unit is taught through a combination Sunday day-schools at Madingley Hall, Cambridge, the home of the Institute of Continuing Education, and field trips on Saturdays.
Unit 1: Approaches to local history
This unit aims to provide the skills, sources and historical contexts necessary for students to be able to undertake their own research into local communities, and to understand the work undertaken by others in this field. In this unit we will consider how local history links in with other academic disciplines and identify how local historians can use these to illuminate their own research and understanding. Presentations given in seminars will be reinforced through field trips to a local church and local town. In addition, students will be introduced to a range of sources and will be taught to transcribe a range of different handwritings and styles. This work will be supported by a visit to a local record office to explore some of the primary and secondary sources that are available to the local historian.
Teaching will take place on 3 Sunday day schools on 11 October, 22 November and 6 December 2020 plus a field trip on a Saturday 31 October 2020.
Unit 2: The people and the parish, c.1500-1700
This unit explores everyday life during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Although the parish was a initially a unit of church administration and organisation, under the Tudor monarchs it became a unit of civil government. Each day school will examine a different aspect of life in an early modern community: firstly, changes in religious practice and also the records that the parish generated, in particular churchwardens' accounts which can provide a wide range of information about local inhabitants; secondly, secular early modern society, including the various levels of social status, and also the effects of population growth on resources; thirdly, the identities of the poor and local provisions for their relief, using records generated in the parish, together with those of charities endowed by individuals, to ascertain local attitudes towards, and responses to, the growing number of poor; fourthly, the relationship between the community and the law, including maintaining law and order, and also outbreaks of unrest and how the authorities might respond to them.
Teaching will take place on 4 Sunday day-schools : 17 January, 7 February, 21 February and 7 March 2021.
Unit 3: Competing identities and social change 1700-1900
From the cradle to the grave, religion was an almost inescapable element of Georgian and Victorian life, its influence extending far beyond rites of passage into education, welfare, politics, economics, even leisure and entertainment. This unit examines the way in which the near monopoly of the State Church gradually gave way in most localities to a multiplicity of competing identities - Dissenter, Methodist, Catholic and Jew - and explores how religious language and organisation were used to give expression to regional, ethnic, family, social and aspirational identities. Was this the engine that drove Britain's evolution into a diverse and democratic society?
Credit awarded by the Institute can also be transferred into the degree programmes of other higher education providers. However the amount of credit which can be transferred into degree programmes varies from institution to institution and is always at the discretion of the receiving institution.
Teaching will take place on 3 Sunday day-schools : 25 April, 2 May and 13 June 2021 plus a fieldtrip on Saturday 15 May 2021.
As a student on this course you will be entitled to discounted accommodation should you wish to stay at Madingley Hall when your course is being taught. Accommodation will be on a first come first served basis. You will be provided with details of how to book accommodation in your course confirmation email.
There are no formal academic entry requirements for this course but as it is taught at university level (FHEQ 4) applicants should be able to read, write and speak English fluently.
English language requirement: If English is not your first language, you need to be able to prove you meet the University of Cambridge English language requirements on application. Please refer to our international students' pages for further information.
International Students: If you are not a UK resident please visit our international students' page to read about visas for part-time students. Please make sure you have investigated your visa requirements in advance of booking as we cannot offer a refund if you find you are unable to take up the place due to visa constraints after you have booked your place on the course.
Non-EEA students
This course is not suitable for students from outside the EU and EEA who do not already have immigration permission to be in the UK. The University cannot provide visa support for this course.*
* Please note: There may be other courses of interest within ICE's non-award-bearing short course provision, including the International Summer Programmes for which non EU and non EEA students might be able to obtain a short term study visa. See ICE's visas page.
How will I be taught and assessed?
This is a blended Certificate level course and the content, activities and interaction for each of the three units are both online and face-to-face. You will have access to resources, discussion forums, and course tasks within ICE's Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). Teaching methods will include lectures, presentations by guest speakers and facilitators, interactive and experiential learning activities, reading and assignments to be completed by participants outside classroom sessions and online discussion forums.
All students are expected to take an active part in the course and submit work showing evidence of learning. In particular, you will be expected in each unit to:
attend all the scheduled day-schools;
participate actively in class work;
undertake reading and assignments set by the tutor;
access resources and submit assignments through the VLE.
Each unit comprises of four weekend day school teaching sessions including a mixture of informal lectures, seminars, discussions and practical sessions
During the course you will assessed by a series of assignments, totalling 3,000-4,000 words per unit. Further details will be provided in the course guide.
In addition to attending both the face-to-face teaching during each day school and submitting assignments you will need to set aside time for independent study. Credit is generally calculated in terms of hours of study and assumes that each credit is awarded for around 10 hours of successful learning; so, by this calculation, a 60-credit course will involve around 600 hours of successful study. Examples of how study may be broken down are: pre-class preparation, classroom time (lectures, seminars, discussion, presentations, debates, case-studies etc.); engagement with the VLE; peer-to-peer interaction, preparations for assignments, assignment writing and feedback and so on.
What is the status of this qualification?
The course is taught and awarded at first-year undergraduate level (FHEQ 4) and offers 60 credits within the Higher Education Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme (CATS). This is equivalent to half of the first year of full-time undergraduate study.
The fee covers tuition, and tea, coffee and lunch at each of the day schools held at Madingley Hall. Students are responsible for their own travelling costs, venue entry fees and refreshments on any field trip visits.
You can pay in two ways:
in full on enrollment (by cheque payable to the University of Cambridge or by credit or debit card)
in four equal instalments (credit/debit card only): the first on enrolment, and the second, third and final instalment being taken 1 month, 3 months and 5 months after the course start date. The exact dates will be confirmed in the student's individual booking details
Please note, your place on the course is not secured until payment is received by the Institute of Continuing Education accompanied by any necessary documentation, i.e. proof of English language proficiency.
ICE fees and refund policy
For information on bursaries for this course, please see https://www.ice.cam.ac.uk/info/bursaries
For information on a loan from Student Finance England for course fees and maintenance costs, please see http://www.ice.cam.ac.uk/info/student-loans
Course Cancellation
This course will require a minimum number of students in order to run. Applicants for this course will be notified by 4 September 2020 if the course is not going to be running at which point students will be offered a refund of the fees they have paid so far (please see our Cancellation policy).
Please apply via the link at the top of this page. Your application will be assessed and you will be notified of the outcome by email. If you are offered a place, you will receive instructions as to how to register and pay. Please note that places are limited and on a first-come first-served basis.
Applications for this course can be received until midday (12 noon) on 31 August 2020. If you are offered a place on the course, we will ask you to complete your booking within a limited time and to pay the fees or if paying fees by instalments, the first instalment of fees to secure your place.
If you would like an informal discussion on academic matters before making your application, please contact the Course Director, Dr Samantha Williams: skw30@cam.ac.uk
Arts and Sciences Enquiries
artscience@ice.cam.ac.uk
Unless otherwise stated, teaching and assessment for ICE courses are in English. If your first language is not English, please refer to our Information for Applicants pages for further guidance.
11 Oct 2020 to 13 Jun 2021
Home: £2,150
Overseas: £2,150
Professor Samantha Williams
Dr Jonathan Rodell
Dr Heather Falvey
Dr Ken Sneath
Dr Joanne Sear
60 credits at FHEQ4
Teaching sessions
Fieldtrips: 2
Meetings: 10
2021CCR072


PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36140. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036140. Epub 2012 May 3.
Genome-wide association study of multiple sclerosis confirms a novel locus at 5p13.1.
Matesanz F1, González-Pérez A, Lucas M, Sanna S, Gayán J, Urcelay E, Zara I, Pitzalis M, Cavanillas ML, Arroyo R, Zoledziewska M, Marrosu M, Fernández O, Leyva L, Alcina A, Fedetz M, Moreno-Rey C, Velasco J, Real LM, Ruiz-Peña JL, Cucca F, Ruiz A, Izquierdo G.
Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common progressive and disabling neurological condition affecting young adults in the world today. From a genetic point of view, MS is a complex disorder resulting from the combination of genetic and non-genetic factors. We aimed to identify previously unidentified loci conducting a new GWAS of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in a sample of 296 MS cases and 801 controls from the Spanish population. Meta-analysis of our data in combination with previous GWAS was done. A total of 17 GWAS-significant SNPs, corresponding to three different loci were identified:HLA, IL2RA, and 5p13.1. All three have been previously reported as GWAS-significant. We confirmed our observation in 5p13.1 for rs9292777 using two additional independent Spanish samples to make a total of 4912 MS cases and 7498 controls (ORpooled = 0.84; 95%CI: 0.80-0.89; p = 1.36 × 10-9). This SNP differs from the one reported within this locus in a recent GWAS. Although it is unclear whether both signals are tapping the same genetic association, it seems clear that this locus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS.
Manhattan plot of Meta-Analysis of three GWAS datasets (Macarena, IMSGC/WT, GeneMSA).
Blue and red horizontal lines correspond to p values of 0.001 and 3.82×10-7 respectively.
Manhattan plot of Macarena GWAS.
Forest plot of Meta-analysis including the GWAS datasets (with GeneMSA included as three independent substudies), and the validation samples.
MAF: Minor Allele Frequency; US: United States; UK: United Kingdom; CH: Confoederatio Helvetica/Switzerland; HL: Holland.
Location of eQTLs of the 5p13.1 region and the SNPs associated to MS and Crohn diseases.
Image from the UCSC browser showing the chr5:39,840,547-40,924,217 (NCBI36/hg18) region. Vertical bars indicate the location of eQTLs and SNPs associated to Crohn or MS in different studies. eQTL PTGER4 are described by Zeller et al.; eQTL PTGER4 CEU are obtained from the correlation of PTGER4 expression in the CEU lymphoblastoid cell lines with the variants of the region; eQTL RPL37 are described by Stranger et al. and Dixon et al.; GWAS Crohn indicate the SNPs associated with the disease in different studies , , , ; GWAS MS indicate the SNPs associated with MS. LD plot performed with HapMap data from CEU population.


…Was the day before I met you.
It was my first day of maternity leave. I had a week before your due date and spent the day at the DMV with your dad. Their computers went down, causing a crazy long wait, and I had to leave for a while to get food while dad stayed.
For dinner, we went to get sushi. We got a ridiculous dessert called The Ninja (or something equally stupid) and I was full beyond capacity.
A few hours later, my body sent your eviction notice, and by midnight we were at the hospital.
And then we got discharged.
"Not active labor," was the verdict. Which anyone who's been there knows is the kiss of death to any remaining composure in a woman who is nine months pregnant.
"YOU MEAN TO TELL ME WHAT I'M FEELING ISN'T REAL LABOR?!" Because I'm pretty sure it felt like an elephant was dancing on my spine. No worries though, I got a sweet Scottsdale Healthcare water cup as a consolation prize.
So we went home, defeated. Dad got some sleep and I cried and sat on an exercise ball all night. I remember messaging with Leslie, Ally and Jennelle, and probably several others in half consciousness, before finally going to the doctor when they opened.
The rest, as they say, is history. Herstory.
You arrived without much of a fuss at 6:55 p.m., and here we are.
Here we are, sitting in your nursery. You've been asleep in my arms for a half hour but I'm not ready to put you in your crib. It's silly, but part of me is resisting bedtime tonight because it feels like a teensy part of the "baby" you will be gone tomorrow. You're standing and taking steps and gosh darnit – do I have to stop referring to you as a baby now that you can toddle? More importantly, is toddle a word?
It's insane to think of the events of the past year. The hours spent rocking in this chair. The tears, laughter, fear and joy. The pediatrician visits, frantic runs to Walgreen's and SO MUCH GOOGLING.
There were moments where I didn't think I could do this another hour. I doubted myself in ways that felt ugly and dark. But somehow, there was always a light at the end of those hard days.
I don't think anyone has to have kids. And I know our lives could have felt full without you. Full of plans and things and adventures, unhinged freedom of time and thought. But I believe our souls would lack the same depth and meaning that we have today, because of you.
So I'm sitting here in the dark, writing this on my phone, listening to your soft breaths and reflecting. You always lay one hand on my chest as you fall asleep and there's something purely humbling about holding a sleeping baby. Even the fussiest, wildest ones are completely peaceful as they slumber. Once again tiny and vulnerable, once again all parts baby.
We've gone through a lot this year, and always done our very best. Never perfect, but always better one day to the next.
Happy almost birthday, sweet girl.
Previous It's hard to be little.
Your most beautiful piece yet.


Saturday Lotto is very popular in Western Australia and New South Wales. Actually, this game is marketed using varied names in varied areas of Australia. It is also known as X Lotto and Gold Lotto (Golden Casket Lottery) or Saturday Tattslotto.
Saturday Lotto is called Gold Lotto in Queensland while in Southern Australia this game is known X Lotto. It is called 'TattsLotto' in Northern territory as well as in Tasmania, Victoria and ACT.
Despite its term or area where Saturday Lotto is played, similar rules always apply to Saturday Lotto. Players need to select six figures, from 1-45. Six key numbers are initially drawn from the draws, followed by a couple of supplementary numbers.
In order to be a jackpot winner, a player needs to match each of the six key numbers.
You shall obtain a notification through email, informing you about outcomes of the draw and whatever prizes you might have won.
After this, any cash prize shall be moved to your online account. However, the pace of transfer is determined by the amount won. Payment for prizes for division 1 shall be made 24 days after the draw is held.
Payment for prizes for division 2 is made eight days after the draw takes place while prizes in each of the other divisions are paid 24 hours after the draw is held.
Claims for lower than AU$1,5000 can be made at any outlet for TattsLotto, so long as the purchasing of ticket occurred in similar jurisdiction.
In the event that you become a $AU 200 winner or less and you reside in Victoria, you can make a claim for your winnings at an outlet for Tatts Quick.
Prizes for first Division should be picked straight from Tattersall's and payments are made from the initial business day, a couple of weeks after the draw.


text:
Цуци́лів — село Надвірнянського району Івано-Франківської області, розташоване на річці Млинівка.

В селі є гімназія з їдальнею і спортзалом, фельдшерсько-акушерський пункт на два кабінети, народний дім, бібліотека. Село частково газифіковане, має часткове вуличне освітлення.

На території села зареєстровані дві греко-католицькі церкви: новозбудована церква «Архистратига Михаїла», та стара, теж «Архистратига Михаїла», отець Володимир Ділета.

Історична довідка
У письмових джерелах за даними, наведеними в кандидатській дисертації П. С. Сіреджука, знаходимо, що с. Цуцилів в Галицькому повіті згадується вже в 1390 р. Ту саму дату підтверджує професор Володимир Грабовецький в «Нарисах історії Прикарпаття».

Про першу згадку про село, датовану 1390 роком, знаходимо і в книзі Д. Г. Бучка «Походження назв населених пунктів Покуття». У цій книзі автор вказує, що на території Цуцилова було виявлено поховання доби карпатських курганів та періоду Київської Русі. Автор також наголошує, що назва с. Цуцилів відноситься до давньоруського періоду.

Підтверджують дату існування села у 1390 році і архівні документи, датовані 1454 та 1482 рр. У першому документі знаходимо, що Шляхетний Івашко з Цецілова продає свою частину сіл Цецілова та Пнів'я і Владичине поле, розташоване у Галицькому повіті про що зроблено цей запис. Діялося і видано в Галичі у понеділок після свята Святої Єлизавети 18 листопада 1454 р.

Після розподілу Польщі в 1772 р. село, як і вся Галичина, опинилося в складі Австро-Угорської імперії. Серед документів того часу збереглася в архівах Йосифинська метрика с. Цуцилів від 1787 р., де описано межі та площа села. Управна земля на той час відповідно за призначенням та використанням була поділена на частини: городи, ниви, сіножаті, пасовища, землю покриту корчами, болотом та лісом. Всі ці частини землі мали свої відмінні назви, які відображені у Йосифинській метриці Цуцилова від 1787 р. Деякі назви частин села, такі як Ковцик, Горі, Долів, Дубина та присілок Ворона збереглися досі.

Зі слів старожилів, що переповідалися з покоління в покоління, на високому березі гирла річки Могилів при спаданні в річку Уняву, мешкав пан Цуциловський. Пан Цуциловський виділив земельну ділянку селянам під церкву, яка була перевезена до Цуцилова із села Стримба. В Шематизмі єпархії Станіславської на рік 1938 вказано, в Цуцилові дерев'яна церква виставлена в 1808 р. В 1856 р. на церковному подвір'ї було збудовано невелику церковно-приходську школу. Ініціатором побудови якої був Теодор Турчанський.

5 квітня 1848 року в селі відбулися заворушення селян, які відмовлялися йти на панщину, а 16 травня 1848 року був встановлений хрест, як пам'ятка скасування панщини.

Конституція, проголошена Австрійською монархією, сприяла галичанам в культурно-освітньому житті. В с. Цуцилів було засноване читальню «Просвіта» в 1904 р. З початком Першої світової війни вона припинила свою діяльність. Свою роботу «Просвіта» відновила 15 лютого 1925 р. (на той час налічувала 25 членів). В 1926 р. було збудовано Народний дім читальні «Просвіта», який пізніше став центром і для інших сільських організацій: товариства «Луг», Молодіжного товариства «Відродження», товариства «Сільський господар» а також Товариство Січ. В 1938 р. почала свою діяльність жіноча організація «Союз українок». В квітні 1949 року під час бойової операції внутрішніми військами КГБ Народний дім товариства «Просвіта» згорів.

Село знаходилось під владою Австро-Угорщини до 17 липня 1919 р. З 1919 р. — під польською окупацією до 17 вересня 1939 р. 1941–1944 — роки німецької окупації. У 1944 р. Західна Україна була вдруге окупована радянською армією і увійшла до складу Радянського Союзу аж до його розпаду у 1991 р.

В роки Другої світової війни на території села знаходився центр Ланчинецького району ОУН, тереновим провідником якого був житель с. Цуцилів, голова проводу ОУН Надвірнянського району (1942-1944) та Ланчинського району (1944-1946) Василь Маланюк. 1943 р. в селі почалася організація перших загонів Української народної самооборони, які пізніше стали основою УПА.

В боротьбі за свободу України загинуло 43 жителі Цуцилова — члени ОУН та вояки УПА. 17 мешканців села загинуло на фронтах Другої світової війни в рядах Червоної Армії. 12 родин в 1947 р. разом з дітьми було вивезено в Сибір. Владою було конфісковано 43 господарські будівлі і 8 житлових будинків, розібрано 2 млини. В 1948 р. в с. Цуцилів було організовано колгосп ім. Жданова, куди забрано в селян 60 коней і 58 голів великої рогатої худоби. Почалось насильне залучення селян у колгосп. У 1961 р. колгосп був приєднаний до колгоспу «Жовтень» с. Волосова.

В 1958 р. було закрито церкву св. Михаїла. Греко-католицька церква пішла в підпілля. 1962 р. — знищено символічну могилу, висипану на пам'ять про невинних замордованих в 1940-1941 рр. енкаведистами односельчан. 7 квітня 1964 р. вночі знищено всі придорожні хрести, фігури, каплиці.

В 1951 р. розпочалось будівництво асфальтної дороги яка проходила через с. Цуцилів. У 1964 р. село було електрифіковане, 1976 р. — збудована нова восьмирічна школа.

8 листопада 1989 р., після 31 років з моменту закриття, відправилася Служба Божа у цуцилівській церкві. 12 листопада 1989 р. відбулися установчі збори, на яких було створено осередок Народного Руху України. 10 жовтня 1990 р. в селі зареєстровано осередок товариства української мови «Просвіта» ім. Т. Г. Шевченка. Того ж року освячено новий пам'ятний хрест на честь скасування панщини та відновлено символічну могилу. 6 вересня 1992 р. на честь 50-річчя УПА в Цуцилові урочисто відкрито і освячено Меморіальний комплекс. Тут знаходиться 46 могил членів ОУН та вояків УПА, які склали свої голови в період Другої світової війни.

Святом для жителів села став день 9 січня 1994 р. Цього дня відкрито новозбудований Народний дім «Просвіта», в якому розміщено адмінкорпус сільської Ради, бібліотека, фельдшерсько-акушерський пункт та відділення зв'язку.

15 жовтня 2000 р. було освячено наріжний камінь фундаменту церкви в центрі села, а 2 червня 2001 р. розпочато мурування стін нового храму. Відкрито новий храм (належить до Тисменичанського деканату) 18 листопада 2007 р. Торжество освячення церкви Святого Архистратига Михаїла розділили понад двадцять священиків. Парох о. Володимир Ділета урочисто запросив Преосвященного Владику Миколая до новозбудованого храму для освячення і відправлення у ньому першої Святої Літургії. У звертальному слові до місцевої громади Архиєрей склав щиру подяку кожному, хто в силу свого таланту і можливостей прилучився до збудуваня святині.

Пам'ятки історії і архітектури
Церква Св. Архистратига Михаїла (дерев'яна); 1807 р.; Ох. № 863/1.

Дзвіниця церкви Св. Архистратига Михаїла (дерев'яна); 1819 р.; Ох. № 863/2.

Поважні постаті
 Софрон Недільський (* 10 січня 1857 — † 8 серпня 1917) — перший директор Коломийської української гімназії.
 Дмитро Ломей (1982—2015, позивний «Лом») — учасник Революції Гідності та антитерористичної операції, боєць Добровольчого українського корпусу «Правий Сектор», загинув в ніч з 22 на 23 лютого 2015 року в селищі Піски поблизу Донецького аеропорту.

Населення
Станом на 30.09.1921 село налічувало 195 житлових будинків в яких мешкало 942 чол.(458 — чоловічої статі, 484 — жіночої). Національний склад — 616 українців, 298 поляків, 28 жидів, з яких — 749 греко-католиків, 126 римо-католиків, 67 юдеїв.

Населення станом на 2010 — 959 чол.; кількість господарств — 405; чисельність пенсіонерів — 242; інвалідів — 6 в тому числі: І група — 2, ІІ група — 1; ІІІ група — 0; діти-інваліди — 3; багатодітних сімей — 4; малозабезпечених сімей — 6; дітей-сиріт — 0; дітей позбавлених батьківського піклування — 0. Демографічна ситуація: народилося — 18; померло — 15; прибуло — 10; вибуло — 7.

Сільське господарство
Фермерські господарства:
 Ф\г «Іванчук» Іванчук М. Ф. Вирощування с\г продукції
 Ф\г «ЗЕМЛЯ» Миркевич М. С. Вирощування с\г продукції
 Ф\г «ЛУГ» Дутчак А. Г. Вирощування с\г продукції
 Ф\г «ПЛЕЯДА» Чумбей В. В. Вирощування с\г продукції

Цвинтар УПА
На цвинтарі 47 могил — символічних і тих, в яких поховані партизани: Микола Миколайович Андрейчук — Ясінь (†1944), Микола Бойчук (†1945), Михайло Іванович Беньківський — Невідомий (†1946), Василь Миколайович Бойчук — Пімста (†1948), Григорій Михайлович Бойчук — Явір (†1944), Іван Михайлович Бойчук — Журба (†1945), Михайло Миколайович Бойчук — Партизан (†1947), Іван Михайлович Борщак — Ключ (†1945), Андрій Миколайович Василитчук — Вітер (†1944), Іван Михайлович Гевкалюк — Звір (†1944), Ганна Дмитрівна Гекавець — Бистра (†1944), Дмитро Семенович Гекавець — Господар (†1945), Микола Михайлович Горбейчук — Жупан (†1945), Михайло Васильович Горбейчук — Понурий (†1947), Василь Михайлович Гошовський — Малий (†1944), Федір Михайлович Гричанюк — Білий (†1945), Михайло Васильович Гурмак — Камінь (†1943), Михайло Дмитрович Дутчак — Ворон (†1944), Дмитро Онуфрійович Іванчук — Крук (†1945), Євдокія Федорівна Іванчук — Верба (†1946), Іван Миколайович Іванчук — Воробій (†1944), Михайло Васильович Клюфінський (†1944), Михайло Петрович Кметюк — Сірко (†1945), Дмитро Кравців — Ястріб (†1945), Василь Михайлович Лукий — Журавель (†1947), Василь Степанович Маланюк — Дух (*1913), Микола Степанович Маланюк — Скала (†1948), Василь Мельник — Дідо (†1945), Степан Іванович Мельник — Високий (†1947), Григорій Федорович Микитюк — Гузар (†1944), Роман Осипович Панчук — Явір (†1946), Корнило Аверкійович Петровський — Трубач (†1945), Ярослав Аверкійович Петровський — Трембіта (†1946), Василь Андрійович Попович — Мовчан (†1944), Іван Попович — Страх (†1944), Микола Олексійович Попович — Хлопець (†1945), Василь Кирилович Пташник — Спокійний (†1946), Василь Степанович Савчук — Сильний (†1944), Михайло Миколайович Савчук — Голуб (†1943), Василь Миколайович Ткачук — Високий (†1945), Михайло Михайлович Хортюк — Веселий (†1942), Василь Іванович Чумбей — Веселий (†1945), Василь Прокопович Щербан — Клим (†1946), Василь Андрійович Яворський (†1945), троє невідомих.

Примітки

Джерела
 Цуцилів на сайті Надвірнянської районної ради
 Шематизм всего клира греко-католицької епархії Станиславівської на рік Божий 1938 / Цуцилів.
 Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej / Województwo Stanisławowskie. — Tom XIV. — Warszawa, Główny Urząd Statystyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, 1924.

Села Івано-Франківської області
1390 в Україні

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Grants and Fundraisers
Help a Child in Need
2021 Giving Highlights
Stories Filter: NORTH AMERICA
Variety Northern California Freedom Rider – Free To Be A Kid!
Miracle Joy was born prematurely at 23 weeks with several challenges facing her little life, some of which were a level 4 brain hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. But after 129 days in neo-natal intensive care, her grandmother, Bonnie, was there to nurture her every step, every set-back and every milestone.
When Miracle went into a coma after a severe seizure last year, she woke up two days later with doctors telling Bonnie that Miracle had lost her sight and that her prognosis was so unsure, that they did not expect her to celebrate her 6th birthday.
That was a year ago.
Miracle is now 6, her grandmother, Bonnie, called us to say the teachers were no longer teaching her Braille because her vision was returning! And after several surgeries for the bones, muscles and tendons in her legs and feet to address atrophy issues; she was now not only going to be able to steer her custom pink Freedom Concepts bike, we had made for her, all on her own – she also would no longer need any more of those surgeries, because her doctors said the bike would alleviate the need for those!
Bonnie is thrilled to have such a piece of equipment that saves her granddaughter from the invasive procedures and Miracle is just happy to have a bike that is hers and she gets to "ride with the other kids". And, everyone at Variety of Northern California is over the moon to see her smile!
See Miracle receive her bike: http://fox40.com/2015/05/29/11-kids-get-bikes-custom-built-for-disabilities/
Variety of Pittsburgh
"I don't think I'll ever get used to the surge of joy I feel when I see James on his adaptive bike – dreams really do come true!" James mother, Mary, continued "I also don't think it is a coincidence that a few weeks after receiving his adaptive bike, James walked independently for the first time, taking 14 steps from the kitchen to our living room all by his self. This bike is much more than three wheels, a handle bar and seat, it's a doorway to Freedom."
Variety of Pittsburgh's "My Bike" program grants individually customised adaptive bikes to eligible children living with disabilities empowering them to experience social belonging, joy and the freedom that comes from riding a bike.
Consistently parents report these adaptive bikes are giving children with disabilities the opportunity to overcome social isolation, discover potential in their lives and experience childhood milestones most of us take for granted.
"My Bike" is not only transforming the lives of children like James, the flow on affect improves the interaction and relationship with siblings, as James sister Krissy explains, "The day that I rode bikes with my brother for the first time was one of the most amazing days of my life. It may be the best day ever!"
The "My Bike" program has gained the strong support of partners like founding sponsor, Highmark Blue Cross Shield and co-chairs, Jerry MacCleary, President of Bayer Material Science and Andrea Carelli, Senior Vice President at PNC.
Variety of Pittsburgh strives to enable children with special needs to live life to the fullest through mobility, communication and social inclusion. Experiences that many of us take for granted are what grants make possible, even riding a bike.
Variety of Philadelphia
Mary Pat Radabaugh, Director of the IBM National Support Center for Persons with Disabilities once said, "For Americans without disabilities, technology makes things easier. For Americans with disabilities, technology makes things possible."
"Direct Care for Kids," is one of the many programs Variety of Philadelphia offers to children and youth living with physical and developmental disabilities to make things possible. Grants under these programs assists families obtain crucial medical equipment, devices and therapies that are not covered by insurance.
A generous grant from the Comcast Foundation enabled Variety of Philadelphia to partner with the Temple University's Institute on Disabilities to grant tablet computers with a specialized application to children with special needs from low income families.
The tablets and application will help children improve their speech, sociability, sensory/cognitive awareness and overall behavior.
Variety partnered with Temple University's Institute on Disabilities throughout the entire process, from creating the application to selecting the 20 individuals that best met grant-specific criteria and hosting the presentation. At the presentation each recipient was given their iPad, accessories and a $50 iTunes gift card. Representatives from Comcast and Variety interacted with the families prior to an iPad and application training session.
Variety Philadelphia is grateful to have had the opportunity to work with the Institute on Disabilities at Temple University, the Comcast Foundation, as well as the iPad recipients and their families, in order to continue making things possible for the children and families we serve.
Variety of New York
Odley Jean, a high school senior in New York City, had her world rocked by the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. "My sister and my nephews lost their home in Haiti and they had nowhere to live, so my mom had to buy tickets for all of them to come and live over here," says Odley. "We were living in a one-bedroom apartment and it was 13 of us." Her grades suffered as she couldn't do homework or get enough sleep to focus in class. "There were times I had to sleep in front of my front door," she says, tearing up at the memory.
At the time, Odley was attending a high school, like many in NYC, with limited supports for students experiencing trauma. At a school with 80% of the population experiencing poverty, 30% of students dropping out and teachers working with 38 children in a classroom, it is easy for a student like Odley to fall through the cracks.
However, thanks to Variety New York's grants to the organization Opening Act, Odley found the supports, confidence and strength she needed to overcome the difficulties she was experiencing. Variety New York has been supporting Opening Act for four years because of its ability to fill the gaps left by schools through innovative theater programs. Odley found a second home and herself thanks to Variety New York's investments and Opening Act's programs. As a result, her grades are up, her confidence has skyrocketed and she is on her way to be the first in her family to go to college!
When asked what her favorite thing is about Variety New York and Opening Act, she answers without hesitation: "How much they provide for us. I don't think there's any other program that would give you this much experience for free. I love it." Her voice catches. She presses her hands against her mouth, eyes watering. When she speaks again, her voice is low and serious. "Where I come from, my mom can't afford a class like this. So this is my opportunity to have the experience. I am so grateful to the people who donate to this program, to make people be a star, do you understand?"
Variety of Manitoba
Allison is a delightful 15 year-old teen who was born with Choanael Atresia, with hearing loss in both ears, and eye defects, resulting in being both cognitively and physically disabled and delayed in development. Shortly thereafter, she was also diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome, which affects tissue in various organs in the body during development. Among the difficulties Allison faces are general weakening and frailty in movement.
Over the years, Allison has watched friends and siblings grow up and enjoy cycling, but she has never had the ability to share that experience. It is for this reason that Allison's family requested funding for a specialized tricycle from Variety. This custom-fitted bike, designed and built locally in Winnipeg, offers her stability & strength, allowing her greater safety and freedom. Allison was not able to operate a normal bicycle without risk, and for this reason, she had missed out on family & friend bicycle outings. This specialized tricycle has allowed her to experience something most young teens take for granted – the thrill, exhilaration, and simple joy of riding a bike with family and friends!
"We can't thank Variety enough for their gracious decision to donate the trike to Allison. In more ways than you could know, it has been a tremendous blessing." said David, Allison's Dad
Variety of Memphis
Variety of Memphis holds one of its largest "Future Kids" projects for the community during Christmas. Several members arrive early to cook breakfast for all volunteers who in return are preparing to unload a truck with all of the food items to be distributed that day. The items include a turkey, vegetables, fruit, crackers, peanut butter and a dessert. This basket will feed a family for almost a week.
All items are unboxed, separated and set up assembly style so we can quickly serve the food baskets to the less fortunate families of the Memphis area. These families are selected through the Department of Human Services, local churches and from members who may know of someone in need.
The distribution of these baskets goes to approximately 1200 children who are in need of a meal on a daily basis. We have been fortunate (unfortunate) to see some of the same families each year. The only thing we know when we do see these families come through our food line is we know they will have been fed for a few days and have had a nutritious meal.
Variety members work hard to make this a special time for these families and when the cars come through with children in them they hand out the baskets and before the car pulls away we hand out stuffed animals to the kids. Sometimes if someone is willing we will have a member dress up as Santa to hand out the gifts to the kids.
This is a rewarding experience for the members who faithfully show up during any kind of weather to support the less fortunate of Memphis.
When the Barista Asked What My Son With Special Needs Has
U.S. parents report rise in children with mental, developmental disabilities.
It's More Than Convenience to Me
Increasingly, Parents Push For Inclusive Playgrounds
There's just something about that flight.
Copyright © 2022 Variety DC.


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To see more Anchor-brand products that I have tested, Click Here.
Please browse the photo library of this site (click on the #XRFTesting tag at the top of this post) to see more items I have personally tested that have tested both positive and negative for lead.
To see more measuring cups I have tested, Click Here.
Click Here for some guidance on determining whether or not your glass measuring cup might have Lead (Pb) or Cadmium (Cd) in the writing on the outside of the glass.
NLR: Oregon Fourth Grade Kids Can Cut Their Own Christmas Tree For Free!
6 Responses to Anchor Glass One-Cup Measuring Cup: 32,500 ppm Lead (in exterior markings).
This is disappointing. I thought that based on other testing you had done, the paint on Anchor Hocking glasses were safe, whereas the markings on Pyrex glass measuring cups were not. What you recommend – anchor hocking or pyrex for these in general?
I don't recommend any measuring cups with any painted markings at all. Even the newer ones (which tend to be Lead-free) are often high in Cadmium (Cd) instead. I have about four more Anchor ones to post that are newer and Lead-free. The newer Lead-free ones are from 2012 and 2014, although at the time I did the testing for those I was not noting the presence or absence of Cadmium on a regular basis.
Thanks Tamara. Do you know where glass measuring cups can be found that don't have any markings?
I posted a couple of links earlier – but Ikea might also have some.


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1 easy way to lower your carbon footprint (and get some exercise) is to trip your bike. With gas costs approaching $4 a gallon and spring in full swing, there is no better time to begin using your bicycle about town to get to work or run errands.
Living room/family room/great space – flooring, furnishings, windows. Make every inch sparkle. If you have stains on the carpet, take treatment of them. If the kids have marked up the partitions, thoroughly clean them up or repaint if needed. Pet hair on the furniture is certainly going to get noticed.
Use wallpaper to upgrade shelving. Assemble-your self bookcases are an economical choice, but they tend to be boring and appear a bit cheap. To make them much more stylish, attempt including a bold wallpaper on the back of every shelf. Arrange your books and knickknacks to show off the pattern. This simple trick will give a store-purchased shelf some pizzazz without breaking the spending budget.
If your radiator has gone chilly, you may require to bleed it. Merely switch off the boiler and find the bleed key. Flip the key counterclockwise and air will start to escape and make a hissing audio. When the audio stops and a little drinking water leaks, flip the bleed key clockwise to close it.
The photos you see on-line belong to the significant bridal manufacturers. They've designed, manufactured and promoted the style. The knock off artists illegally use pictures from the authentic designers catalog or web website. That's a violation of copyright regulations. You are led to think that the gown is a significant brand name name, but its not. The knock off artists are stealing.
You require to make sure that you measure the area of the area that you are supposed to do up. For furnishing also, you should take treatment of the size of your region. If you choose for heavy furnishing, you might end up dropping out on the valuable area and make the region appear cluttered. There must be clever ways to furnish. For instance, when it arrives to storage, you must usually choose for laminates wooden shelves that give you free floor space instead than hefty obligation cabinets and racks.
Figure out what your spending budget will be for the occasion. There will always be a booth rental for the event but there may also be some other costs for issues like electric and telephone hook ups. You should be in a position to discover out all of this info from the info you get in the trade display information packet.
9) GET Help WHEN Needed – Not everybody is good at clearing litter, especially rapidly; nor is everybody good at thinking in an organized, almost analytical, way. And that's okay. But if that's you, think about contacting in a paid out professional home organizer (lookup online or in the telephone guide). Even if you just hire an organizer for a few hrs or a working day, he or she will at minimum be in a position to help you brainstorm about arranging your house in a manner that fits you. Then you can take that subsequent step towards house organization on your personal. And keep stepping until you get it done ultimately. You will!


In the beginning, a few experts wrote books that rocked the world. No one had seen anything like them and the books instantly marked them as an expert.
Could you really do this?
In order to be seen everywhere in the world during their prime time, each show you create will be broadcast at least three times. There's no real global audience if they are forced to get up in the middle of the evening to watch you. We take your show and make it easy for them to watch.
Act now and receive a free copy of the best selling book "The E-Syndrome: The Eight Deadly Viruses that can Kill Your Business and How To Cure Them".
This book takes a humorous but helpful look at the things that stop us from achieving success and provides actionable steps to correct those things, and even how to avoid them in the process.
This is actually TWO questions. The first is what subject should you follow. The second is what format should you use.Your subject: You want to create a show that shows off your skills and knowledge to maximum effect. You also want to do it in a way that you'll be able to monetize.


The Rode Podcaster is a Large-diaphragm Dynamic USB mic.
The design is based on the more expensive Rode Broadcaster, and as the name implies, this version has been specifically designed by Rode for use in podcasting. It is also used for voiceover work.
It comes with both a stand mount and USB cable. It has a headphone jack for zero latency monitoring with volume control.
It has both an internal shock mount and internal pop filter - you can use this right out of the box with no need for additional pop filters or shock mounts in most situations.
It's important to note that this doesn't come with a mic stand, just the stand mount for attaching it to a mic stand. Popular accessories include the Rode PSA1 Swivel Mount Boom Stand and the Rode PSM 1 Shockmount.
Works with both Mac OSX and Windows.
Many customer reviews point out that the Podcaster is excellent at rejecting unwanted background noise - this is due to its fairly tight polar pattern. Many reviewers point out that this mic is very easy to use and produces a broadcast quality sound right out of the box with no post production improvements necessary.
There were no consistent negatives reported. A couple of expert recording engineers pointed out that this mic doesn't work well recording music or singing, but it wasn't designed for that purpose.
This is a very good mic for podcasting or any kind of voiceover work.
The Apogee Rode Podcaster is not currently on our highest rated list - you can see that in our guide to The Best USB Microphones for Recording & Podcasting.


Among dietary components conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) have attracted significant attention as fat loss supplements under western culture because Myh11 they reduce unwanted fat shops and increase muscle tissue. activate FFA1 at concentrations enough to also account for FFA1 activation and … However supplementation of diet programs by CLAs to attempt weight loss has become a subject of intense argument due to the potential influence of CLAs on glucose homeostasis and insulin level of sensitivity (8). Although a series of studies shows that CLAs attenuate the development of impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia (6 10 11 an at least equivalent number of studies support the notion that CLA intake is definitely associated with severe adverse effects such as impaired insulin level of sensitivity and ultimately insulin resistance (8 12 13 Importantly the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of CLAs on glucose homeostasis are not completely recognized. Herein PD 169316 we tested the hypothesis that CLAs may exert insulinotropic effects via activation of the cell surface receptor FFA1 which is definitely highly indicated on pancreatic β-cells and which has been shown previously to specifically respond to medium and long chain fatty acids and (14-16). We determine CLAs as potent enhancers of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and provide evidence that this mechanism requires activation of FFA1 because it is definitely absent in FFA1-null mice. Our findings lead to PD 169316 a better understanding of the molecular signaling mechanisms of CLAs in particular of their side effect profile and query the value and widespread use of this nutraceutical. EXPERIMENTAL Methods Cell Tradition and Reagents Human being astrocytoma 1321N1 cells were cultivated in Dulbecco's revised Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum 1 sodium pyruvate 100 devices/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. 1321N1 cells stably expressing the FFA1 receptor were kindly provided by Euroscreen (Gosselies Belgium). For FFA1-1321N1 cells medium was completed with 400 μg/ml G418 (Invitrogen). Cells were kept at 37 °C inside a 5% CO2 atmosphere. CLAs (90% purity) were acquired via CPS Chemie Services GmbH Aachen Germany. The FFA1 antagonist PPTQ (trans-1-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2-propyl-1 2 3 4 acid) was synthesized PD 169316 as explained in Ref. 22. Generation of Stable Flp-In T-REx 293 Cells The recombinase-mediated homologous recombination system (Flp-InTM T-RExTM Invitrogen) was used to generate cell lines stably expressing human being FLAG-tagged FFA1 (FFA1-HEK) FFA3 (FFA3-HEK) or FFA2 (FFA2-HEK) receptors inside a doxycycline-dependent manner as explained previously (17). PD 169316 Measurements of Intracellular [Ca2+]i FFA1-1321N1 and FFA1-HEK cells were seeded in poly-d-lysine-coated 96-well cells tradition plates and intracellular Ca2+ levels were quantified with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence dye Oregon Green 488 1 2 < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS CLAs Are Full FFA1 Agonists in Recombinant Manifestation Systems FFA1 is known to transmission through Gαq/11 proteins leading to elevation of intracellular calcium (14-16 21 We consequently tested CLAs for his or her ability to increase the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]increase which was unaffected by pretreatment of cells with the Gαi/o inhibitor PD 169316 PTX (Fig. 1 and in response to another CLA stimulus whether pre-exposure situations for the initial stimulus had been brief (100 s Fig. 1and and with Fig. 2 and and and and supplemental Fig. 6). In principal islets isolated from 8-10 week-old outrageous type mice CLA-mediated potentiation of GSIS was just detectable at high sugar levels (Fig. 3are particularly mediated through FFA1 which 10t 12 however not 9c 11 acutely amplifies insulin secretion via yet another mechanism not regarding FFA1. 3 FIGURE. Aftereffect of CLAs on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the immortalized rat INS-1E β-cell series (and inositol phosphate creation in response to CLAs was regularly seen in FFA1-expressing cells whatever the mobile background whereas it PD 169316 had been not seen in cells missing FFA1. Second Ca2+ mobilization was totally avoided by prior desensitization with the tiny molecule FFA1 agonist TUG424 or by pretreatment of cells with a particular FFA1 antagonist. Third real-time noninvasive all natural DMR measurements demonstrated particular activation of FFA1 by CLAs. Jointly.


text:
Guidewire Expects Lumpier Revenue Recognition, Nonstandard Contracts
Revenue recognition may be inconsistent as SaaS firm's customers migrate to subscriptions.
Guidewire (GWRE), a provider of SaaS solutions for property and casualty insurers, is in the midst of transitioning customers away from licenses. Though a subscription model will ultimately result in more predictable revenue recognition, the company warned of uncertainty along the way in its Q2 2021 10-Q, especially when it comes to support revenue:
"As customers enter into a subscription agreement to migrate from an existing term license agreement, the timing and amount of revenue recognized will be impacted by allocations of the total contract value between the license, subscription, and support performance obligations."
The growth in term license revenue is slowing due to the migration. However, in addition to potentially lumpy support revenue recognition, investors should also be aware that Guidewire is offering nonstandard term license renewal contracts:
"Included in these amounts is the impact of term license contracts with an initial term of greater than two years or a renewal term of greater than one year. The impact on term license revenue from contracts that deviated from our standard contract durations was $4.2 million (in the quarter)."
The migration, which also requires significant investment, is also playing out in Guidewire's gross margins, which decreased 49%. In addition to lower subscription and support gross margins due to increased cloud investments, Guidewire reveals the impact of nonstandard license contracts:
"Gross profit was impacted by an increase in license revenue resulting from a large multi-year term license renewal and new multi-year term license arrangements, partially offset by continued investments in cloud operations and decreases in professional services revenue driven by increased investments in cloud migration and implementation engagements, contracts with reduced billing rates, and lower billable travel."
Related: SPNS, DCT, MAJESCO.NS, SAP, CRM,


Maternity services Our aim is to provide you with a welcoming, supportive and caring environment in which to plan the birth of your baby.
Neonatal services Intensive care, high dependency and special care for sick new born and premature babies.
Tissue viability The prevention of pressure damage to the skin through care and training.
Better balance classes A Better Balance Class is a group based exercise programme. Better Balance is based on the postural stability instruction programme and is delivered by qualified Postural Stability Instructors. The exercises are structured and progressed over a period of several weeks.
Clinical chemistry The analysis of biological samples to aid diagnosis and monitor treatment.
Blood tests A laboratory based service which undertakes testing of patient samples.
Pathology A laboratory based service which undertakes testing of patient samples.
Breast unit Our breast unit based at Wycombe Hospital is a state of the art one stop breast diagnostic and treatment service that opened in September 2013. Here we support patients through breast screening and symptomatic care provided by experts in this field utilising sophisticated technology.
Buckinghamshire Neurorehabilitation Unit Buckinghamshire Neurorehabilitation Unit is a specialist inpatient service for people with an acquired brain injury or progressive neurological condition. This includes people who have had a stroke or head injury and those who have long-term conditions such as multiple sclerosis.


"On 9th January, 2019, I inaugurated the Presidential Technical Advisory Committee on the Implementation of the National Minimum Wage (PTAC).
The PTAC was mandated to advise Government on how best to fund, in a sustained manner, the additional costs of implementing the imminent increase in the National Minimum Wage.
Let me also thank the Honourable Minister of Budget and National Planning, for coordinating the work of the Committee.
I also commend the Budget Office of the Federation; the National Incomes, Salaries and Wages Commission; the Office of the Accountant General of the Federation; the Federal Inland Revenue Service; the National Bureau of Statistics and the Central Bank of Nigeria, all of which I understand provided strong support to the Committee in the course of this assignment.


Gothic elegance in this Ruby ring in Knighsteel with 24K Gold shaped inlay and inner sleeve.
This Ruby ring is made of Knightsteel with 24K Gold shaped inlay and inner sleeve. There are five .04 ct. Rubies and sixteen .01 ct. beautiful small Rubies set in the inlay.


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AZ State Senator Jamescita Peshlakai defends her people, her country and the environment
Jamescita Peshlakai is a Democratic member of the Arizona State Senate, serving since 2017. She previously served in the Arizona House of Representatives from 2013 until 2015, and served as co-Minority Whip for the 2018 sitting of the state senate. Peshlakai is a member of the Navajo Nation. She served in the Persian Gulf War. Before her legislative service, Peshlakai provided agricultural outreach to Native Americans on […]
Jamescita Peshlakai is a Democratic member of the Arizona State Senate, serving since 2017. She previously served in the Arizona House of Representatives from 2013 until 2015, and served as co-Minority Whip for the 2018 sitting of the state senate. Peshlakai is a member of the Navajo Nation. She served in the Persian Gulf War. Before her legislative service, Peshlakai provided agricultural outreach to Native Americans on behalf of the USDA.
AZ State Senator Jamescita Peshlakai
Peshlakai earned her bachelor's degree from Northern Arizona University in 1998 and her master's degree in educational psychology in 2004.
Peshlakai served in the U.S. Army from 1989 to 1997. She served in the Persian Gulf War from 1990 to 1991.After leaving the Army, she became lead coordinator for Navajo Nation Traditional Agricultural Outreach, a nonprofit group. She was also involved in protests of development in the San Francisco Peaks, such as the Arizona Snowbowl.
"I think I found my voice because eventually being a veteran, a Native American, a woman, we have … sacred duties of women, sacred duties of mothers. And that is to protect the future of our children. I think for me, the prayers of my people, the prayers of the medicine men are tied into the land, the mountains, the rivers, the waters, everything. And so I feel kinship with the places and the environment where I come from. They protected me in my life, so I, in turn, protect those sites."
Why She Ran: "I've done so much outreach, been so concerned about the future of the people of Arizona, not just in tradition and culture and religion and spirituality, but also in education, health care, workforce issues, energy, everything."
Her Focus: Helping rural veterans, protecting sacred sites and the environment in her district.
She's a member of the Democratic Caucus, Native American Caucus, Latino Caucus and Veterans Caucus. Member of the Energy, Environment, and Natural Resources and the Transportation and Technology Committees.
This is the transcript of some highlights from the press conference of Arizona State Senator Jamescita Peshlakai:
I am Navajo of the Tangle People Clan. born for the Red House Clan and I represent legislative district number 7 in Arizona. Arizona has 23 tribes and eight of those are in my district, the largest legislative district in the country. There are over 500 tribes.
This Build Back Better plan is critical for Native Americans in the United States because we haven't had that opportunity and the chance to build up in the first place. Federal policies and State policies have always put Native American communities on the back burner, and so, the Build Back Better plan has infrastructure dollars in there that would create for the very first time infrastructure for communities and populations that have never had running water or electricity. We are living in Third World conditions within the midst of the United States, the most developed and powerful country in the world in 2021.
We also have . . .the highest rate of service among our Native American populations. . . We joined the military because of poverty. We have the highest unemployment rates in the country and are living in in conditions that have no infrastructure and no hope for employment. This is the reason why we are drafted out of poverty. . . We are desperately awaiting a ray of hope from Congress. . .
We are directly impacted by climate change, each every day very directly. If you don't have AC and and the temperatures keep rising higher and higher every year you are in harm's way. That's why this Bill Back Better Act is critical for us, for not only our elders and our children and the future. It will create a foundation for all future generations to move forward. . .
We're asking for the very basic improvements – that every every other American takes for granted. . .
We also need broadband. There are some rural areas You cannot communicate with unless you have a satellite phone. At the bottom of the Grand Canyon I have a tribe I cannot reach. I tried. The Build Back Better Act is a first step for us because we haven't had the opportunity before. It addresses so many very fundamental basic things that every other American takes for granted. We must have this for our veterans, and to join the rest of the world in what can only be a brighter future from this point forward.
AZ State Senator Jamescita Peshlakai speaks about the importance to Build Back Better as a critical opportunity for the Navajo Nation
For American Native communities, building back better is a critical opportunity
We need the Build Back Better Act to bring basic amenities to Native peoples