Going to work again-- I normally wouldn't today, but my boss's daughter is graduating from high school this morning. Breakfast: lemon water, black coffee, smoothie made from carrot juice, hemp protein powder, peanut butter, canned pumpkin (left over from kid's vegan cookie baking), strawberries and kale. The smoothie is delicious, but distinctly autumnal, between the carrot and pumpkin influences and the intensely-flavored kale. Just like the farm lettuce, the farmer's market kale has a lot more flavor than its supermarket counterparts, even the organic ones. Hopefully the same goes for its nutritional value.
This time I remember to dole out the chocolate tart to my coworkers. At work, I manage a cup of decaf with half and half, and also drink a juice that was made in error by a new employee: cucumber, celery, and apple. It tastes incredibly sweet.
At home again briefly in the afternoon about 2:45, I eat a reprise of my Saturday night diner dinner: big glob of tuna salad with cheese melted on top, some coleslaw, four big onion rings. Also drink a cup of coffee with half and half. Then I have to quickly rush over to the middle school with kid's cookies. I have agreed to meet kid in front of the school at 3:20 (they will get there via the high school school bus). At 3:16, kid texts me: Are you almost here? This happens almost every time kid arrives someplace before I do, even if I am not late. Do cell phones mean that kids cannot be patient for 4 minutes anymore? Do they imagine that their texts will cause our cars to go faster?
A few errands, home again to finish that cup of coffee I started, make another cup, decaf this time. Do some household bookkeeping. Back out to the store.
Shopping (Co-op): 2 bunches bananas, organic lactose-free 2% milk, organic whole milk, Equal Exchange coffee, unbleached flour, cage-free brown eggs, 3 kiwis, 3 plums, whole cantaloupe, 2 lemons. $43.
At 5:00-- or maybe closer to 5:30-- I start baking the "Birthday Cake" from Jennifer Reese's book. This did not go incredibly well. First of all, I forgot to put any salt in the cake. So, while it was OK otherwise (texture, etc.), there was a noticeable lack of flavor. Second, I don't get Reese's "White Mountain Frosting." Why would you make frosting with egg whites? And why didn't my frosting work? It was way too runny. Perhaps the problem comes with the instruction to "beat egg whites until foamy." I feel like I have misjudged "foamy" before. I know what "stiff" is, or "soft peaks," but in a literal sense egg whites become foamy almost immediately. So, I stop beating them, start beating in the sugar syrup. Maybe this is wrong. Anyway, you can see from the photo how I ended up simply pouring the frosting over the top of the cake. It never did do anything except become sticky, like a thin, slick layer of marshmallow fluff; certainly none of the crunchiness Reese mentioned ever came to pass. At least I remembered to put salt in it.
While the cake sat there in its puddle of sticky white glory, we ate some dinner: open-face egg salad and tomato on whole wheat bakery toast, garnished with parsley; sauteed farmer's market kohlrabi and shiitake mushrooms; sliced Gold Rush apples, also from the market. Then I removed the cake from its puddle and onto a clean tray. It looked somewhat less ridiculous there.
For dessert, while watching a couple of old episodes of The Office, we ate slices of the cake with vanilla ice cream. It was okay. Not great. Because of the salt.
Going to waitress again! Third day in a row. Technically I am only supposed to be working 2 days/week, but I have been home from my trip 8 days and have worked 5 of them. Breakfast: lemon water, coffee with half and half, smoothie made from carrot juice, coconut milk from a carton, plain yogurt, canned pumpkin, hemp protein powder, avocado, strawberries, banana, and kale. I discover that too much canned pumpkin in a smoothie tastes kind of weird.
I bring half of the imperfect, unsalted, sticky cake to work with me on a tray. I don't actually witness anyone eating it, although some people claim that they did and it was good.
At work, I have decaf coffee with half and half, and about half a cup of regular at the end of the shift, while I am rolling silverware. I also buy a side order of bulgogi to take home and use in dinner tonight.
Lunch at home, about 2:45: another cup of coffee with half and half. The rest of the coleslaw (there was a lot of coleslaw!) from Saturday night. The rest of the asparagus pesto from Sunday night, with pickled shallots, eaten with Whole Foods tequila-lime tortilla chips. Small dish of the Japanese snack mix I bought at HMart a while back. After this I have, I think, another cup of decaf with half and half. But it is difficult to say. For some reason this afternoon is a blur.
At dinnertime, I try to create the omelet my husband has been craving: bulgogi and sweet potato. First I cut up the sweet potatoes and roast them at a low temperature (350) in the oven so that they are soft but not excessively caramelized. Then I make omelets with the sweet potatoes and the bulgogi I brought home from the restaurant. On the side we have roasted asparagus from our CSA box (this week's batch was lovely, with incredibly thin stalks), and fruit consisting of CSA strawberries (amazing flavor), cantaloupe, and kiwi. My husband is happy.
During our after-dinner walk, we discuss his arrival time home from work. This has a tendency to creep later and later. Originally we agreed that dinnertime was at 7:00. Over time, he began to arrive more like 7:15-7:30. I can live with that. However, lately the new normal has not been until 7:45-8:00. By the time we eat the dinner-- even if I have it ready to go immediately on the table-- wash the dishes, and take our after-dinner walk, it is 9:00, or even later. My kid goes to bed at 9:30 (they have to leave for the bus at 6:45 am), and I tend to go to sleep around 10-10:30. This does not leave much of an evening for family time. My husband agrees. He will try to get home earlier. On a positive note, no matter how late it is, we are committed-- without any need for discussion or negotiation-- to eating a family dinner together. Even my kid does not complain about this, though they sometimes spoil their appetite with snacking. So I should be grateful for a dinner tradition that remains strong.
At 9:15, after our walk, we all watch an episode of The Office together, and I eat my second allotted piece of low-sodium chocolate cake, giving bites to my loved ones on either side, who have already eaten theirs.
Jennifer Reese is always recommended reading. But this personal post is one of her best, exploring marriage, food preferences, individual values, and the distressing phenomenon of the repetitive ephiphany, all with her usual humor and self-awareness.
Earlier this spring, I tried to research the preparation locations and conditions of Whole Foods prepared foods. Apparently the information I got was wrong, because 1) indeed, there are regional plants that make ready-to-eat foods for multiple stores, and 2) conditions there are not entirely wholesome. Read for details of sanitation violations at their Massachusetts plant.
Back to restaurant portion sizes. The New York Times creates visuals for approximately 2000 calories worth of food (assumed to be one day's allotment) at a number of different restaurant chains, as well as at home. Take-home message: cook your own. ...Or (and I hate to even mention this), eat Subway.
Strangely, this article is a sponsored post by Chase Bank. I am not at all sure what their relationship might be to the topic, and it would interest me to understand it better. Regardless, this exploration of the past, present and future of the Honeycrisp apple is a fascinating look at how food trends influence agricultural production and retail sales, and can ultimately end up destroying the quality of the very product they aimed to celebrate.
Breakfast: coffee with half and half, smoothie made with prune juice, RiceDream horchata, hemp protein powder, avocado, perfectly ripe cantaloupe, a kiwi that I bought two weeks ago which never got ripe, and romaine lettuce. This is "back to normal?" But, yet, it feels good to be back here.
Lunch (after work, 2:45): Leftover chili, one fried egg.
Dinner (kinda late, prepared after I get home from yoga at 7:30): two pieces of Rudi's multigrain bread, with slices of swiss cheese melted on top. Sauteed sugar snap peas, sweet peppers, and (farm!) asparagus. Salad of romaine lettuce and grape tomatoes with balsamic vinaigrette. Even though I was hungry two hours later, it again feels good to get back to eating more vegetables and fewer cookies. The asparagus tasted extra-special; I don't think it was just our imagination. Kid agreed. It was a lot younger and fresher than what we tend to buy at the store.
Snacks: 3 other cups of coffee, 2 decaf, 1 regular, with half and half. Two rice cakes when I had the munchies before bed.
Breakfast: water with lemon juice in it, coffee with half and half, smoothie made from a little bit of RiceDream horchata, lemonade, hemp protein powder, avocado, cantaloupe, farm strawberries, and farm spinach. This was one of my favorite smoothies ever. The lemonade was an awesome base (although maybe I could achieve the same thing with less sugar by just adding some lemon juice??), the cantaloupe (as previously mentioned) was perfectly ripe, and the strawberries and spinach were super-fresh. The spinach, especially, seemed to create a brighter, greener smoothie than bagged spinach. Yum!
Lunch: An impromptu pasta dish made from a) some plain noodles my kid cooked while I was gone, which were now languishing in the back of the refrigerator, b) butter, c) sliced carrots, and d) a sprinkling of ancient feta cheese. Plain, but surprisingly delicious. Side of cantaloupe.
Shopping (HMart): quart of Dannon plain yogurt, 6 individual La Yogurts, Cheerios, tampons, 3 rolls toilet paper, can of coconut milk, pomegranate juice, green tea Pocky, craisins, Kasugai Mame mix (yum, Japanese junk food), ziti pasta, Jif natural peanut butter, package of house-made injulmi, package of house-made kim-bob, 3 lemons, bananas. $53.
Dinner: I'm kind of full from all the sushi and injulmi (see snacks below), but eat one of what my husband and I tend to call "Indian burritos," which I'd asked him to put in the oven when he got home from work, 3 kim-bob, and 4 slices of orange. Then I am really full.
Snacks: 3 other cups coffee, 1 regular, 2 decaf, with half and half. A couple of pieces of swiss cheese before morning yoga class (when I arrived back at work after my trip, a customer had left me a block of swiss cheese, reportedly brought back from a trip to the midwest. It had a post-it with my name on it, in his spidery old-man handwriting. Advantages of working at a neighborhood joint for a long time). At mall food court with kid, at 6 pm after grueling shopping trip: shared sushi combo, shared steamed dumplings. Mall food court sushi was not that bad. Approximately 7 pm, after stopping at HMart for groceries, while driving home: about half a dozen injulmi (kid ate the entire rest of the package, spoiling their dinner). Small glass of lemonade before bed, because it is hot in the house and I am incredibly thirsty.
Breakfast: water with fresh lemon (how much better this is than bottled lemon, or lime, or plain water); coffee with half and half; smoothie made from lemonade, pomegranate juice, plain yogurt, hemp protein powder, peanut butter, cantaloupe, banana and spinach.
Lunch [photo: I eat yellow and orange foods. 2nd photo: whoops, I forgot the toast!]: baby carrots, mini sweet peppers, Rudi's multigrain toast with butter and local strawberry-rhubarb jam, orange, banana, Japanese snack mix.
I eat yellow and orange foods.
Shopping (Whole Foods): coffee filters, coconut oil, instant espresso, agave syrup, carrot juice, 4 lbs. spinach (!), canola oil, whole wheat pita breads, oats, cage-free brown eggs, sugar, house-made tequila-lime corn chips, unsalted butter, cream cheese, lip balm, whole wheat boule, whole-grain dijon mustard, 2 lbs. yellow onions, dried chickpeas, vegan dark chocolate chips, pint of vanilla ice cream, sliced almonds, asparagus, 3 peaches, 3 avocados, guacamole, 2 cans cat food, organic strawberries, organic tomatoes. $132.
Dinner: A couple of suggestions made by our CSA farmer regarding the use of this week's vegetables resulted in the following meal: ziti pasta, with bright green ziti-shaped chunks of fresh onion scape, plus a few shiitake mushrooms, and served with fresh oregano pesto (oregano, almonds, parmesan, olive oil, garlic). Side salad of farm lettuce with sweet peppers and balsamic vinaigrette. It would never have occurred to me to make oregano pesto-- don't I have to cook the leaves first, I thought, won't they be fuzzy?-- but it was absolutely fine. I only ate a small amount of pasta, then ate a little more before bed.
Snacks: cup of peppermint tea, 2 cups of coffee (1 regular, 1 decaf) with half and half. A bunch of Whole Foods house-made tortilla chips and some guacamole, first while driving home in the car after shopping and then after unpacking the groceries. I like those chips a lot, but more to the point I was starving. However, it is so hot outside and in the house that my stomach starts cramping up and I don't feel like eating, anymore. 93 degrees. Small dish of additional pasta before bed, as previously mentioned-- I got hungrier once it started to cool off.


text:
No Other Banks Are This Exposed to Turkey, Argentina, Brazil…. Emerging Markets Haunt Spanish Banks
by Don Quijones • Aug 31, 2018 • 69 Comments
To diversify from the euro-debt-crisis, the biggest Spanish banks pushed deeply into Emerging Markets. Now, they're in a new crisis.
By Don Quijones, Spain, UK, & Mexico, editor at WOLF STREET.
Almost exactly six years ago, the Spanish government requested a €100 billion bailout from the Troika (ECB, European Commission and IMF) to rescue its bankrupt savings banks, which were then merged with much larger commercial banks. Over €40 billion of the credit line was used; much of it is still unpaid. Yet Spain's banking system could soon face a brand new crisis, this time not involving small or mid-sized savings banks but instead its alpha lenders, which are heavily exposed to emerging economies, from Argentina to Turkey and beyond.
In the case of Turkey's financial system, Spanish banks had total exposure of $82.3 billion in the first quarter of 2018, according to the Bank for International Settlements. That's more than the combined exposure of lenders from the next three most exposed economies, France, the USA, and the UK, which reached $75 billion in the same period.
According to BIS statistics, Spanish banks' exposure to Turkey's economy almost quadrupled between 2015 and 2018, largely on the back of Spain's second largest bank BBVA's madcap purchase of roughly half of Turkey's third largest lender, Turkiye Garanti Bankasi. Since buying its first chunk of the bank from the Turkish group Dogus and General Electric in 2010, BBVA has lost over 75% of its investment under the combined influence of Garanti's plummeting shares and Turkey's plunging currency.
But the biggest fear, as expressed by the ECB on August 10, is that Turkish borrowers might not be hedged against the lira's weakness and begin to default en masse on foreign currency loans, which account for a staggering 40% of the Turkish banking sector's assets. If that happens, the banks most exposed to Turkish debt will be hit pretty hard. And no bank is as exposed as BBVA, though the lender insists its investments are well-hedged and its Turkish business is siloed from the rest of the company.
In Argentina, whose currency continues to collapse and whose economy is now spiraling down despite an IMF bailout, Spanish banks' total combined investments amounted to $28 billion in the first quarter of 2018. That represented almost exactly half of the $58.9 billion that foreign banks are on the hook for in the country. The next most at-risk banking sector, the US, has some $10 billion invested.
Big Spanish banks — and other large Spanish companies — have a massive presence throughout Latin America. In the aftermath of Spain's real estate collapse, when opportunities at home were few and far between, Latin America's fast-growing economies were a godsend to many of those companies.
In 2012 Spain's then King, Juan Carlos I, even went so far as to ask for help from the leaders of "friendly" Latin American economies. "On this side of the Atlantic we have seen difficult situations develop as a result of the economic and financial crisis," he told attendees at an Ibero-American summit. "Our sights now turn towards you. We need more 'Ibero-America.'"
Some countries, including Mexico, Colombia and Peru, agreed to lend a hand by lowering the barriers to their economies for Spanish companies. Large Spanish firms such as Repsol, OHL, Iberdrola and Telefónica and Spain's two biggest banks, Santander and BBVA, took full advantage of the invitation, expanding their operations to take advantage of the region's strong economic growth being driven by the global commodities boom.
But this diversification strategy was not without risk. As long as economic conditions in Latin America are buoyant, or at least benign, things are fine. But if emerging market assets suddenly begin to lose their allure and all the yield-hungry hot-money begins to get cold feet, as appears to be happening right now, what was once a godsend can quickly become a curse.
As the IMF warned in an assessment of Spain's financial sector at the end of last year, the significant international presence of the country's biggest banks, while providing welcome diversification effects, may also have significant implications for inward and outward spillovers:
The share of financial assets abroad has grown continuously for the Spanish banking sector, with the largest international exposures by financial assets concentrated in the United Kingdom, the United States, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey and Chile.
Most worrisome of all is Spain's banking exposure to Latin America's two mega-economies, Brazil and Mexico, both of which face months of political uncertainty and are also at high risk of contagion from the fallout from Turkey and Argentina. The Brazilian Real has already shed 20% of its value against the dollar so far this year, while the Mexican peso is down around 6%, having been buoyed by recent signs of progress in the NAFTA talks.
In Brazil Spanish banks have total exposure to the economy of $167 billion, according to BIS data. That's the equivalent of 44.6% of total foreign banking investments in the country. For Banco Santander, Brazil is by far its biggest market, accounting for 26% of its global operating profits, compared to just 16% for Spain.
Meanwhile, in Mexico Spanish banks have over $160 billion invested, which represents 42% of total foreign banking exposure. Once again, it's BBVA that is doing the heavy lifting, through its subsidiary BBVA Bancomer, the largest bank in Mexico. It provided 45% of BBVA's group profits in the first half of 2018.
This pattern of exposure to emerging-market risk is replicated across most Latin American economies. In Chile Spanish banks account for 43% of total foreign bank-owned debt; in Colombia, it's 32% and in Peru, it's 40%.
So to diversify away from the crisis in Spain, banks pushed deeply into the Emerging Markets, only to find that some of them are now sliding into their own crisis. By Don Quijones.
Turkey's lira is plunging, and now the economy faces a "substantial increase in the risk of a downside scenario." Read… Turkey's Debt & Currency Crisis Morphs into Financial Crisis as Banks Face Funding Squeeze
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69 comments for "No Other Banks Are This Exposed to Turkey, Argentina, Brazil…. Emerging Markets Haunt Spanish Banks"
nick kelly says:
Glad to be first to comment because I want to make a prediction: many of the comments will blame this Iberian/ Latino crisis on the IMF and /or the Fed.
How do I know? I'm psychic.
I don't blame them, I just think they're the only ones who can fix it.
Bookdoc says:
Fix??? or just kick the can down the road…
Time for a serious question. Spain is in the euro zone and has some backstopping from the ECB. So why are all the amounts of its exposure in dollars? Has the euro made no penetration at all in the Latino (South American) zone.
Also in Turkey where Spain has a big presence, can't it lend in euros?
If things get really sticky would Spain find the ECB easier to talk to than the IMF?
Don Quijones says:
Blame the BIS, Nick (almost all the stats quoted above were in dollars) :-]
MOOMOO6576 says:
Number 1)
The ECB balance sheet is in tatters. They've bought every bit of junk the yield curve in Europe can offer. Italy knows this and is turning up the heat ('the ECB can't end its bond buying program or we will collapse' – Salvini)
The IMF balance sheet is relatively 'clean'.
All the Latin/South American borrowing was in US dollars. So the fx has to be accounted for in that fashion…Otherwise the falling Euro would be lessening the problem… it is not. The rising US Dollar is exacerbating the problem. It is the rising US dollar which is amplifying the FX crises in all these countries ( Turkey, Argentina and others)
If these loans were made in gold , then these countries could dig up a payment.
Leser says:
ECB is the key point here, and socialisation of bad loans and risks through the backdoor. The gullible, hapless Germans are now sitting on €1000bn of receivables via Target which won't ever be settled, nor pay at least interest, as they should. In every crisis, the extent of risk that is shovelled up to Northern Europe EU is increased by newly introduced mechanisms – because that's what a good crisis is for.
Crysangle says:
Booming the south, mutualised credit and fx, benefitted German exports, productivity, and political might…ruined the south in many ways. I don't feel sorry for the Germans at all, they don't feel sorry for the south either, only those south of south and east of east, are only concerned with representing and managing the project.
What ruined the South was the South itself, by gorging on artificially cheap and abundant credit which was used to blow up a property bubble of epic proportions. Surely fun while it lasted though by the time it bust, Spain and Portugal had doubled there cost and priced themselves out of much else of what could have provided income beyond the property mono-culture. Textbook examples of the commodity disease, only in this case the commodity was credit.
"Oh but Germany profited from it and should now pay up – for fairness's sake". The worn and proven battle cry of investors making a killing on bail outs. There were quite probably German some cement trucks, scaffolding joints or whatever can be supplied into construction. A fraction of course of the total German exports.
The real story is that German savers have lost capital and income in the many hundreds of billions to inflation and zero interest since the onset of Draghi's money printing. That is now dawning on the Germans – EU and €-indoctrinated as they are – hence the relentless rise of Euroscepticism.
Lion says:
I blame the IMF
"I blame tbe IMF"
Ah … the fix(ers) are/is/will be in .. ';]
Mch says:
The Impossible Mission Force? I knew it, those people were up to no good. You can never trust people wearing screwy people masks. Or can you?
Peter Mott says:
No you don't – you are just winding Nick Kelly up!
sdb says:
Alpha Lenders ! This is fantastic , you should register it !
I wish I could be this ironic .
Will start using it as an adjective now (few will understand though)
William Smith says:
I blame corruption and greed.
Corruption and Greed are core traits of all humans. Negative ones. They cannot be eliminated. Central Banking increases the Corruption and Greed by short-circuiting the free market from clearing some it away. Dolts, keep voting!!!
If you want your Ferengi, you will get your Ferengi ..
Blame central banking. Without it this crazy sh$t would not happen.
Javert Chip says:
Oh yes it would have happened.
This sh$t happened for thousands of years before central banks (just on a smaller scale because the world was not as connected as it is now)
Without a central bank (i.e. , a lender of last resort to banks) there is nothing to stop a banking crisis (see Lehman 2008) from turning into a financial crash that turns into a deflationary depression.
The 1929 Stock Market Crash turned into a financial crash with 10,000 US banks going under WITH NO DEPOSIT INSURANCE. The Fed failed to act as a central bank and the result was the 30's.
With every developed economy having a central bank it should not be too large a leap to associate the two: development needs a central bank.
When you need a loan you go to the bank. When the outfit you work for need a loan it goes to the bank.
Where does the bank go when it needs a loan?
If it can't get one, it has to call your loan.
Maximus Minimus says:
It goes to another bank. Nothing unusual. A crisis breaks out when the other bank cannot trust to get it's loan back.
The central bank should be the lender of last resort, and nothing else.
Check history of 2008. Who bailed out Citi?
The Fed had organized the takeover of Bear but by 2008 banks wouldn't lend to other banks (if a bank won't lend to a bank, it won't lend to anyone)
The system had frozen up.
These rants about how bad central banks are would make more sense if their central bank hadn't just saved their ass.
KMOUT says:
For not much better and a bunch worse, Nick just laid out the blueprint for socializing the risk and privatizing the profit. And everybody on this site will keep on howling about it. Just keeps on rollin.
The basic premise is that we NEED to incentivize this behavior…. I wish I could just splash money irresponsibly around the planet and collect seven figures for the honor.
If accountability is not part of the process of lending, then you cannot pretend to call what you have created a bank. Call it centralised account fiddlers, communist support bureau, capitalist association for interest inventors, a political smoothing machine, but not a bank.
Old Codger says:
When a bank needs funds over and above its deposites, it sells BONDS!
You might have mentioned the London Panic of 1866 after the failure of Overend Gurney. It was this that led to the Bank of England taking on the role of lender of last resort.
….if we outlawed government's ability to borrow… we'd have a much better system. Government's ALWAYS default. ALWAYS.
Government's do NOT pay back what they owe. Ever.
Matt Schilling says:
Some things are simply too vital, too fundamental to human interaction, to let government anywhere near them. That's why we have the First and Second Amendments in the USA. Money sits at, or very near, the top that list.
Well, good to hear "BBVA… insists its investments are well-hedged and its Turkish business is siloed from the rest of the company".
Ha Ha ha, ha, tee hee.
Whew! Pretending Spanish bank are being moderately well run is pretty funny. These wold be exactly the same Spanish bank managers that decided to diversify from their own pile-of-crap assets to Turkish & Argentina pile-of-crap assets. Extra "participation medals" to everyone involved for denominating loans in USD.
Whooo boy! Pass the popcorn.
raxadian says:
Considering the infamous and corrupt practices Spanish companies and banks have done both in Spain and in other countries, is not just the fat lady singing.
…boy that is an understatement.
They actually went around to rural houses where people had installed their own solar power systems, and told them they have to pay for electricity anyway.
The Spanish government/banks et al are complete crooks. Their little dalliance with 'progress', all financed from 1992 by the EU (now bust) is coming to an end. They will slip back to the status quo ante…
Tom Stone says:
Since someone has to ask…
It seems certain BBVA will lose money on every deal, but can they make it up on volume?
Something to be said for the Uk"# notorious dislike of foreigners? When foreigners cannot even be trusted to run a bank! How the Spanish chap in charge of Lloyds Banking has managed to break free is that he has concentrated LLoy on the UK. Might not be very worldly buf at least it is profitable.
Covey says:
Actually, the "Spanish chap" running Lloyds is Portuguese.
timbers says:
The solution is simple: Spain needs to de-uerize. That will allow it or regain it's sovereignty. If it does not, Spain will remain a slave to the austerity God's of the ECB eurocrats.
The power of a nation to issue it's own currency is essential to it's national governments survival and basic function.
This is applies to Spain too, and Argentina.
Argentina DOES issue its own currency. The abuse of that privilege has caused the Argentine peso to depreciate 27% PER YEAR since 1914.
(Over a trillion times from then till now )
The only thing separating Spain from Argentina is the ECB and the euro.
The only thing saving Spain from the fate of Argentina is its membership in the euro zone.
And right now you REALLY don't want to be Argentina.
Argentina BORROWS is USDollars.
If Spain is counting on the Euro… their fate is Greece.
Nick that is BS. In another couple of decades likely Spain will have lost its nationalist/traditionalist sentiment beyond redemption, will have become "Frenched" or "Argentised". I don't remember Spain defaulting once it joined the international market, post dictatorship (did it?) . Now the country is well out of its depth though, needs to return to own currency, people are not content and the politics is nul, experimental, chaotic and tense at the same time. If you believe in the EU superstate theme then go right ahead though, but you are not talking of Spain then per se.
There are many ways to cut and dice stats, many inputs that are not easily calculable (increase in quality or productivity, inflation on choices, monetary control and political freedom etc.) , but here is the modern round of basics for Spain. You would note the troubled banks, cajas, were actually working within acceptable under purely Spanish supervision, before ECB rates, competition, loose finance. This is happening in EU, under ECB authority, and not as a nation with sovereign policy. E.g :
https://blogaldeaglobal.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/b43ae-grafico2b6.png
https://eaees.cdnstatics.com/cdn/farfuture/vF15tHlZ-03af9PtI1zRC_QWXq0THAhVO1GbRI6qoHc/mtime:1506004231/sites/default/files/bootstrap/evolucion_de_la_deuda_de_los_hogares_espanoles.jpg
https://colectivonovecento.org/2014/04/22/la-crisis-de-la-deuda-en-espana-elementos-basicos-y-alternativas/
I'm unclear what you find so objectionable about Nick's post.
It's true Spain has not defaulted in the twentieth & twenty-first centuries (Nick didn't claim they had). I interpreted Nick's point as both Argentina & Spain had screwed the pooch financially, and only euro-membership was saving Spain from Argentina's miserable fate.
Maybe my reply which is in mod. will have answered that for you. The Euro is not saving Spain to my view, it is now trying to save/forge on with the larger EU project, trying to save the Euro itself. At zirp and nirp everything will seem "saved" because the effect of interest payments, the cost of increased borrowing, is so low. That in practical purposes though reduces the economy to one commanded by paper pushers, with nations and households perpetually on the hook if rates are chosen to be lifted, due to their need to roll debt (nations), or due to outstanding variable debt (households). If you are heavily in debt, the one who can ease it, provide money, is mistakenly seen as the saviour. Do you think people are that stupid though? They just balance off the alternatives and accept foisted solutions rather than demand proper (national) accountability. If you see that as some kind of reasonable "solution" , well I don't. I find it highly manipulative, and destructive to society (unemployment and demographics being the most readable, but there are plenty of other metrics available also).
fjcruiserdxb says:
BBVA exposure to Latin America isn't knew. Like before, the carry trade is responsible for the mess banks finds themselves into. Cheap overnight or short term guaranteed funding from the ECB (since these banks cannot borrow on the capital markets) and pile into high yielding assets abroad with unhedged currency risk of course. In this case it is so reckless because the money comes from tax payers in the form of bailouts and is not being used to shore up capital or lend to businesses in the local economy. Instead the Spanish bailout money has been used to enrich the few, the Spanish Government and its crooked politicians. The ECB knows what goes on and does not care. Theft pure and simple.
MC01 says:
You don't need to look at the lender of last resort (the ECB) but at Euribor, which is the average interest rate for inter-bank transactions throughout the European Monetary Union (EMU).
Euribor started to turn negative in 2015 and went in the red all across the spectrum in 2016, with negative rates going deeper and deeper as time went by. Not even the threats of a monetary policy normalization have been enough to move it from the unfathomable depth where it resides.
For a large bank like BBVA, the real cost of finacing their operations is actually even lower. Remember, Euribor is an average index, so this is not even free money: it's the modern day equivalent of the schwundgeld printed in some German and Austrian towns during the 30's and whose alleged success apparently inspired the concept of Negative Interest Rate Policies (NIRP). I say alleged success because the various schwundgeld experiments never got far: monetary authorities in Berlin and Vienna saw them as counterfeiting and quickly sent the police to shut them up.
Bear also in mind that it has never been cheaper to service a loan in Europe: to give an example, the vast bulk of mortgages in Europe are adjust rate (ARM) and are usually based on Euribor-12 plus anything between 1.5 and 2.5%. Far cheaper than it was in 2006, as Euribor-12 is deeply negative while back then was around 2%.
Yet it's failing to ignite the real estate boom everybody (but me) salivates for: Germany steadfastedly remains a nation of renters, mortgage approvals in Spain are less than a quarter of what they were between 2005 and 2008 and home ownership rates throughout the Continent are slowly but steadly dropping.
Note that this is not for lack of trying or because the Hell Banks deny money to the "small guy" to hoard it in their virtual vaults. In fact the "small guy" is likely to be inondated by loan offers, whether he needs them or not and if you are a business owner… your secretary is likely to be sent in a fit of rage merely by mentioning the word "loan".
In fact right now Europe is awash in economic activity only made possible by this flood of cheap-to-service loans: just look at all the no-frills airlines. A single Airbus A320neo costs US $110 million and a Boeing 737 MAX 8 even more ($117 million). Dry-leasing an older A320 (meaning older and less fuel-efficient engines) is $250,000/month. This is truly big money, and without financial repression the boom we've seen over the past decade would have never happened.
Cynic says:
In the Pyrenees- Northern Spain, Navarra, a 'rich' region – house prices are actually falling at present.
Lots of elderly people growing by the day – disposing of properties, and the young just can't buy into the market anymore due to atrocious 'salaries'.
And this is with easy money…..
As the saying goes, you can ask whatever price you want for your cabbages, but it's another matter completely if somebody will pay it.
I have a passing interest in looking at real estate prices in the places I visit for a reason or another and since 2014 Spain has gone through what I can only call yet another bout of collective real estate delusion. What I expected was for real estate prices to bottom, then to recover a bit and from there find a sustainable level. I had no idea how wrong I was. In three years prices have shot in the stratosphere, especially where they have no reason to do so. 40% more in three years in the Aragonese countryside? 55% more for a pretty ugly apartment deep in the Catalan hinterland?
I am not surprised buyers have made themselves scarce, especially foreigners: France has far better value for money if you are looking for a quiet place to retire.
Spanish (and Italian) sellers still live in their little fantasy world where real estate is "money in the bank" and "prices can only go up" but, in spite of the gymnastics and acrobatics banks and governments are performing to keep the party going, the booze is running out and it's time for a massive and well deserved hangover.
You are talking a US boom maybe, or a market boom? As far as EU is concerned all I note is a gentle hissing as it tries not to deflate too fast…
Nominal I think
https://fullfact.org/europe/eu-has-shrunk-percentage-world-economy/
GDP capita
https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/european-union/gdp-per-capita
Not find newer series, but here are 5/10 years of "boom" at negative real gdp for EU.
https://aneconomicsense.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/europe-gdp-growth-2007q4-to-2012q41.png
Crysangle,
You're citing data from 2012, for individual countries, during the euro debt crisis. You've got to let go, dude. This is 2018!
Since the 2009 financial crisis, the EU's real GDP has grown about around 2% every year except for the 2012 debt-crisis period.
The US real GDP growth has averaged just a little over 2% since the Financial Crisis. The EU hasn't been all that much different except during the 2012-debt crisis situation.
Select the 10-year chart:
https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/european-union/real-gdp-growth
Unohu says:
It would seem that the OP did mention a decade long boom though? I am sure Crysangle would counter your reply with further recent data though, unemployment levels, economic and political sentiment for example.
Money lost investing overseas – who could possibly have foreseen such a thing?
In which Spanish bank should I keep my money? I'm considering moving to Caixa d'Enginyers now…
For a straightforward working bank account the best I know is Bankinter. They have managed to stay out of all the mayhem, good online service, they tend to keep to business they know.
BlueDVR says:
Another good article Don. I was wondering what banks would be bloodied now that the EM happy music has stopped. Thanks for doing the research. This fiasco appears to be the canary in the coal mine for the interconnected major banks. The common people suffer while the bankers get bailed out. Rinse and repeat. Alex is spot on. Good website Wolf. I visit nearly every day.
George McDuffee says:
To quote Quark the Farangi "Easy money is frequently the hardest kind." Is bankers not learning from past debacles a mental illness, or is it a willful ignoring of reality?
L Lavery says:
Banks have learned from the past, they've leaned they can get away with it, they will be bailed. That's reality. Anyone who thinks different is deluded.
EcuadorExpat says:
It's all much simpler than you can imagine. Where is the downside for the people making the decisions that have caused all this?
Expecting humans to make good/moral decisions when there is no penalty for making the decision that enriches and empowers them is like expecting your dog to avoid that fire hydrant. Simply not gonna happen.
Everybody thinks this is an economic crisis. It's not, it's a crisis of morality that has bled into the financial sector. It used to be a matter of personal pride for a banker to not make a bad loan that would cause a loss. A quaint concept, huh?
Cashboy says:
I was under the impression that the ECB bails out the European banks in trouble and the risk (by way of a kind of country personal gurantee) is passed on to the governments of the EC Members. This means the potential bad debt of the banks are in effect passed on to the tax payers of the EC countries.
As the whole show is underpinned by the currency itself, via Target2, the debt of a Euro nation is ultimately a liability for every other nation and citizen in Eurozone. It is a perfect example of systemic risk, managed by the ECB ( board of appointed national reps) crossed with whatever word the EU parliament/commission get in edgeways (sort it out, more money etc.) vs. whatever any particular nation is shouting out at ground level. So far they have papered losses and kept the flow going, with minimal write downs and a lot of improvisation. The day a main part of the circuit, a nation for example, calls it quits….. well your guess is as a good as Draghi's I think, and every other nation, investor and citizen will be guessing also "What does this all add up to now ? " At the very least it will be fully understood that any country is able to walk from its Euro obligations, and if it has a negative account potentially dumping a big pile of "odious debt" on the EU table if it chooses to unfriend. So far the fear of doing that has outweighed the costs of staying in Euro, but the convenience of tagging the Euro line is not felt by many in Europe, especially those that are constantly being told "how much it benefits them"…who when they look around believe that in sum it hasn't. But hey, maybe that is all just the spice that makes the currency work, the "If you don't then I'll.." , which would explain EUro as everyone holding each other to ransom…say it ain't so.
WSKJ says:
excellent post, and following comments, thx DQ and all.
re comment above (Nick Kelly), I do see deposit insurance as one of the few unquestionably good things for the common man, that has been invented in the modern economic era.
however, I'm not sure that deposit insurance for everyman requires a Central Bank. Upper case because I refer to the current manifestation of central banks as supremely powerful economic arbiters.
Further, I think the jury is still out on how much good the zirps and nirps of central banking have done to optimize the current economic cycle. Wolf and commenters have often talked in terms of the hope that an overvalued stock market and other assets (yes, inc. real estate) may come down gently from the overstimulation of the "wealth effect" rather than in one of those crashes. The point being that the central banks have had their way, but there's a general feeling of instability re the global economy.
There is an ongoing thesis around the 2008 crisis, that the key point is the failure to jail a bunch of bankers.
Actually, the key take- away is that is NOT that the management of say Citi was not arrested (however appropriate that might be) it is that the banking system of the US did not collapse as it did in the 30's.
Little anecdote from a book about the 29 Crash:
"My dad had a hardware store. When the crash hit, he said: 'About time those Wall Street crooks got it in the neck '
A year later he lost the store."
How many of the folks critical of the Fed etc. REALLY believe The Great Depression could happen again? To them.
After what we call WWI, it was called The Great War.
But surely these days the government would act to prevent a collapse?
It DID act, and its action was the only thing preventing Great Depression Two.
The problem is that most people don't realize how close we came.
Vanity Fair has a great piece: 'The Week Goldman Almost Died' that
paints a good picture complete with the Fed's highest officials sleeping
at the office, looking rumpled and red-eyed, with a very profane Timothy Geithner screaming at Citi. etc.
This is still disputed territory…creation of the fed., WW1 which spelt the end of EMU, the run up in lending prior to the crash… there is an interesting audio interview between HGWells and Stalin on the difference/similarity between financed liberalism and communism, was a different time but it gives an idea of how far central planning had/has in mind as possible end, I won't link it because links go to moderation and can take a while to emerge… one reply from yesterday above seems "stuck". Short of it is that monetarists seem to stick to one theory, Austrians to another.
Oh dear , I'm blacklisted to permanent mod now, even for plain text. Yesterday plain went through even though a linked comment was in mod. , guess I hit some other barrier?
There comes a time to stop arguing. That's all.
Though I understand people are busy, and in running a website a person cannot be drawn into various endless arguments…but sheesh, even donq is bearish on Spain, or at least counter-exuberant. Either way, something is going to shift eventually in the country, political stagnation and "Va mejor!" is not going to ease in some new economic paradigm or sort out the rifts between opposing authority,or in society…after that I'm guessing though, like most people.
nick, sure, we give Bernanke et al. plenty of credit for averting Great Depression Two. Many of us have not bemoaned failure to jail big bankers; nonetheless, we do criticize the Fed's management of the last 10 years of the USA's economy. We do NOT criticize the crisis management where the goal was to prevent a precipitous plunge off the cliff, but the following years, those following initial stabilization, during which:
the average middle class citizen, saving for retirement, was confronted with a zero-point-something interest rate on savings, instead of a conservatively expected minimum of 3% to 5% on savings.
In short, the "wealth effect" has made the wealthy wealthier at the expense of the lower and middle classes. And meanwhile, the super-low interest rates maintained by Fed policies, have inflated the prices of assets, obviously in stocks and real estate.
No serious economist has argued that the redistribution of wealth has worked to the benefit of the 99% during the last 10 years.
I submit: the Fed's labeling of raising interest rates as "normalization". This would be a misnomer, were they not tacitly admitting that the zirps and nirps were abnormal. Use abnormal methods, and you may get unpredictable long-range results, including perhaps the possibility of a future crash bigger than the one that they forestalled.
So: I give Bernanke plenty of credit for forestalling the big crisis. The question now- and yet to be determined- is when the real cost comes due, and how big that cost turns out to be. As of now, it still looks to me like a blank check.
A good rebuttal and I agree normalizing should have happened faster.
One point: if a bank is going to offer 5 % 'minimum' on savings, it would to charge 6.5 -7 minimum on mortgages. Surely the middle class has benefited from mortgages that are half that.
On the other hand increased finance of property purchase has allowed competition over purchase to push prices up well beyond the previous traditional house price/earnings ratio. So new buyers basically do not have access unless they join in and leverage up with what often ends up as perpetual debt. Lowering rates, and this is more obvious in variable rate mortgage policy Spain, lets off previous buyers but keeps property prices high for new buyers, who are often the discarded unemployed youth without any means anyway. So much so that in Spain the available housing stock was, and is, kept off market by banks and foreign investment funds, this supported by bailout policy. The foreign funds often turn their purchases into rental, sometimes going as far as buying up state social projects to manage them privately. So it can still be seen as bailing out the wealthy, especially when looked on from the perspective of people who had not yet accessed the housing market.
Oh well, at least the Spanish high speed trains are really nice, nicer even than those of the French, who can't even figure out how to restock the toilet paper or provide hot water :-)
Rode the new rails from Barcelona to Madrid last year; incredibly fast, smooth, great food served at your seat. We raced through hundreds of brand new elegant stations with a few passengers, served by quadruple high speed heavy duty electrified rail. Wow.
All paid for by private loans to the Spaniards backstopped by the ECB and to be paid for by future poverty and austerity in Spain and the other sucker nations.
As a U.S. taxpayer, we better not be expected to pay off any of Europe's loans to "make 'our' banks whole" etc.

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text:
Microbial Growth Lecture PowerPoint
About Science Prof Online PowerPoint Resources Science Prof Online (SPO) is a free science education website that provides fully-developed Virtual Science Classrooms, science-related PowerPoints, articles and images. The site is designed to be a helpful resource for students, educators, and anyone interested in learning about science. The SPO Virtual Classrooms offer many educational resources, including practice test questions, review questions, lecture PowerPoints, video tutorials, sample assignments and course syllabi. New materials are continually being developed, so check back frequently, or follow us on Facebook (Science Prof Online) or Twitter (ScienceProfSPO) for updates. Many SPO PowerPoints are available in a variety of formats, such as fully editable PowerPoint files, as well as uneditable versions in smaller file sizes, such as PowerPoint Shows and Portable Document Format (.pdf), for ease of printing. Images used on this resource, and on the SPO website are, wherever possible, credited and linked to their source. Any words underlined and appearing in blue are links that can be clicked on for more information. PowerPoints must be viewed in slide show mode to use the hyperlinks directly.
Several helpful links to fun and interactive learning tools are included throughout the PPT and on the Smart Links slide, near the end of each presentation. You must be in slide show mode to utilize hyperlinks and animations. This digital resource is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0: MS Tami Port, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creator of Science Prof Online Alicia Cepaitis, MS Chief Executive Nerd Chief Creative Nerd Science Prof Online Science Prof Online Online Education Resources, Online Education Resources, LLC LLC [email protected] [email protected] From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Compound microscope objectives, T. Port
Microbial Growth From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Bacterial growth phases, Michal Komorniczak Life & Metabolism All living organisms obtain ___________ (_________) from their environment. Nutrients are needed as building materials for the cell and as a source of energy to do cellular work. Nutrients are metabolized (broken down) into simpler molecules and _____ ______. Image: Glowing Colony E. coli from "Aging and
Death in E. coli" (2005) PLoS Biol 3(2); Messy baby From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Microbial Growth Refers to increase in the ____________ of microbes (reproduction) rather than an increase in ____ of the microbe. Result of microbial growth is the ________ = aggregation of cells arising from single parent cell. The time required for growth and reproduction is known as the doubling or ___________ ______. Image: Glowing Colony E. coli from "Aging and Death in E. coli" (2005) PLoS Biol 3(2); Microbes on MacConkeys, T. Port From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com ________ _____ in Cell Count From Binary Fission Generation Cell Number Count
0 1 1 2 2 4 3 8 4 16 5 32 10 1,024 20 1,048,576 Lets watch a time lapse movie of E. coli population growth. From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Bacterial Population Growth Curve From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Bacterial growth phases, Michal Komorniczak
Generation Time Under Optimal Conditions (at 37oC) Organism Time Generation Bacillus cereus 28 min Escherichia coli 12.5 min Staphylococcus aureus (causes many types of infections) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Treponema pallidum 18 24 hrs (agent of Tuberculosis)
(agent of Syphilis) Images: B. cereus, E. coli & S. aureus by T. Port; TB culture, Dr. George Kubica PHIL #4428, Treponema pallidum, Dr. Edwin P. Ewing, Jr., PHIL 27-30 min 30 hrs From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Mycolic Acid, Generation Time & Disease Meet the Microbe! _______________ GRAM-POSITIVE Bactera TB Culture Q: Why is Gram-positive in quotation marks? Genus of rod-shaped, acid-fast bacteria. Mycolic acid in cell wall gives Mycobacteria many characteristics that defy medical treatment, including: increased resistance to chemical damage & dehydration allows the bacterium to grow inside macrophages, hiding it from host's immune
system Acid-fast stain M. tuberculosis doubles population every 18-24 hours, while M. leprae doubles population about every 14 days. Extremely long generation time; contributes to the chronic nature of both diseases. From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Images: TB Culture, PHIL #4428; Acid fast stain, Mycobacteria pink, T. Port Factors Influencing Microbial Growth Nutrition Oxygen Temperature pH Osmotic Pressure This scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts numerous clumps of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, commonly referred to by the acronym, MRSA, by Janice Haney Carr, PHIL #10046
From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Microbial Nutrition Organisms use a variety of nutrients for: their energy needs to build organic molecules & cellular structures. Most common nutrients contain necessary elements: ______ Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen These 4 elements make up 95% of dry weight of bacterium. The other 5% is composed of Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus and Iron. Other elements that are needed are ___________ __________. These elements are needed in extremely small amounts, can be obtained through water intake. From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Image: Salmonella, Rocky Mountain Labs NIAID NIH Microbes & Oxygen Obligate ____________ Need oxygen to stay alive. Aerobic respiration = Use of O2 to break down food into useable energy. Obligate ____________ Die in presence of oxygen. It is poisonous to them. Anaerobic respiration = break down food into useable energy without the use of O2. _____________ Anaerobes Not strict aerobes or anaerobes. Many yeasts and enteric bacteriaEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. O2 ________________ bacteria Require oxygen levels lower that that found under normal atmospheric conditions (Helicobacter pilori found in stomach). ________________ Anaerobes Dont use oxygen, but are not killed by it. (Lactobacilli - This genus will make pickles from cucumbers and cheese from milk.) From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Microbes & Oxygen Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in liquid culture: 1: Obligate aerobic bacteria gather at top of test tube to absorb maximal amount of oxygen. 2: Obligate anaerobic bacteria gather at bottom to avoid oxygen. 3: Facultative anaerobes gather mostly at the top, since aerobic respiration is most beneficial; but as lack of oxygen does not hurt them, they can be found all along the test tube. 4: Microaerophiles gather at upper part of test tube, not at top. Require O 2, but at low concentration. Image: Microbial oxygen requirements, Pixie From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Microbes & Oxygen Using oxygen (1/2 O2) in metabolism creates toxic waste. Microbes that are able to use aerobic respiration produce enzymes to detoxify oxygen: Catalase: H2O2 --- H20 and 02 Superoxide dismutase (SOD): oxygen radical --- H20 and O2 Microbes that dont make these enzymes cannot exist in the presence of oxygen. From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Catalase enzyme structure, Vossman;
Superoxide dismutase enzyme structure, Fvasconcellos Meet the Microbe! Campylobacter jejuni Gram negative, spiral-shaped rod. Have flagella, are motile. Close relative of Helicobacter. Microaerophilic bacterium. Campylobacter infections are ____________. Commonly found in animal feces. We catch this from animals, particularly birds. Causes food poisoning. One of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. 2 4 million cases in US per year, peaking in summer months. Usually not life-threatening. Resolves within 24 hours one week. Problem with C. jejuni being antibiotic resistant, because we put antibiotics in animal feed.
From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Image: Campylobacter jejuni by Dr. Patricia Fields, Dr. Collette Fitzgerald, PHIL Microbes & Temperature _____________ Three-dimensional shape because of the temperature sensitive hydrogen bonds. These bonds will usually break at higher temperatures, and protein become ________. Denatured proteins lose function. ____________ Also temperature sensitive. Become brittle if temperature is too low. If temperature too high, lipids will be more liquid in form. Outside membrane cannot preserve the
integrity of the cell and it will disintegrate. From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Images: Superoxide dismutase enzyme structure, Fvasconcellos; Phospholipids & Cholesterol, Effects of Temperature on Growth 40oF 77oF Most of our plates are incubated at 37oC 95oF (98.6oF). Conversion C to F = 1.8 x C + 32 From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Categories of Microbes Based on Temperature Range Meet the Microbe! Psychrophilic ________: Chlamydomonas nivalis
From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Largest Image: Watermelon snow, Will Meet the Microbe! Listeria monocytogenes Gram positive, rod-shaped _________________. L. monocytogenes is widely distributed; found in soil, water, animals, birds, insects. Responsible for disease listeriosis. Rarely pathogenic in healthy adults (mild flu-like symptoms). Can be lethal in pregnant women, fetuses, newborns, elderly and immune compromised, causing meningitis or bacterimia. Transmitted from environment (contaminated food an water) to human, except in the case of pregnant woman passing on to
fetus. In vulnerable populations can have a case fatality rate of 25%. Facultative intracellular pathogen. Triggers its own phagocytosis. Listeria are very hardy. Can grow in temperatures ranging from 39F (refrigerator) to 99F. Q: What microbes have we discussed in previous lecture that are Tat the other end of the temperature spectrum? Image: Listeria monocytogenes, PHIL #2287, Cantaloupe, USDA photo by Scott Bauer. Image CDC Investigation Announcement: As of October 6, 2011, a total of 109 persons infected with outbreakassociated strains of Listeria monocytogenes have been reported from 24 states. All illnesses started on or after July 31, 2011. Twenty-one deaths have been reported:
One woman pregnant at the time of illness had a miscarriage. From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Microbes & pH As with temperature, bacteria have minimum, optimum and maximum pH ranges. __________________ Protozoans and most bacteria have an optimum pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. pH range of human organs and tissues. Meet the Microbe! Gram-negative, microaerophilic, and acidophilic bacterium. Can thrive in the stomach and upper
small intestines and cause ulcers. ________________ Obligate acidophiles have to live in an acidic environment. Most fungi & some bacteria grow best in acid niches. Acid-tolerant Microbes will survive in an acid environment, but do not prefer that. Images: Helicobacter pylori, Y. Tsutsumi, M.D., Fujita Health University School of Medicine; pH scale, Edward Stevens Helic obac pylo ter ri However, many who are infected
do not show any symptoms. Helicobacter spp. only known microorganisms to thrive in highly acidic environment of stomach. From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Microbes & Water: Osmotic Pressure H2O important reactant in many metabolic reactions. Most cells die in absence of water. - Some have cell walls that retain water. Q: What genus comes to mind? - Endospores and cysts can cease most metabolic activity for years. Q: What organisms make endospores? Which make cysts? Cell walls of bacteria prevent them from exploding in a hypotonic environment, but most bacteria are vulnerable in hypertonic environments. Many bacteria can be plasmolyzed by high
concentrations of solutes. Images: Water drop, Fir0002, flagstaffotos.com.au ; : Cells, full of water versus plasmolyzed, Mnolf, Q: Why can you keep honey on the cupboard for months, even years, without it spoiling? The water moves out of the bacterium and itMicrobiology dies Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com From the Virtual Glycocalyx & Osmotic Pressure Obligate ______________ Must live in a niche of high salt content. Can grow in an environment up to 30% salt. If placed within a freshwater environment, they will burst and die.
____________ Halophiles Can survive and tolerate high salt niches, but do not require them to living. Some bacteria have an additional layer outside of the cell wall called the glycocalyx. One type of glycocalyx is called a _____ ____ glycoproteins loosely associated with the cell wall. cause bacteria to adhere to solid surfaces and help prevent the cell from drying out Meet the Microbe! The slime layer of Staphylococcus epidermidis allows it to grow on the salty environment of the skin. Photo: Sweat on face of runner; Bibikoff; Staphylococcus & Mannitol salt agar, both by T. Mannitol Salt From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Confused? Here are links to fun resources that further explain cellular respiration: Smart Links Microbial Growth Main Page on the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom of Science Prof Online. Germs. Music by Weird Al Yankovic. Video by RevLucio. E. coli population growth time lapse video. Diffusion, Osmosis & Active Transport Main Page, Virtual Cell Biology Classroom of Science Prof Online website. Bacterial growth
The Osmosis Song music video by Duanie Films. Osmosis Demonstration with raw egg by thsharpe. Osmosis Jones movie trailer. If you havent seen this yet, you video and narration, YouTube, Dizzo95. must watch it immediately! Its awesome! (You must be in PPT slideshow view to click on links.) From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com Are microbes intimidating you? Do yourself a favor. Use the Grr Virtual Microbiology Classroom (VMC) ! The VMC is full of resources to help you succeed,
including: practice test questions review questions study guides and learning objectives You can access the VMC by going to the Science Prof Online website www.ScienceProfOnline.com Images: Escherichia coli, Giant Microbes; Prokaryotic cell, Mariana Ruiz
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Home More News San Ysidro McDonald's Massacre
San Ysidro McDonald's Massacre
The San Ysidro McDonald's massacre was a mass murder that occurred on July 18, 1984, in a McDonald's restaurant in San Ysidro, California, United States. James Oliver Huberty killed 21 people (including five children) and injured 19 others.
James Oliver Huberty was born in Canton, Ohio on October 11, 1942. When he was three he contracted polio,[1] and even though he made a progressive recovery, the disease caused him to suffer permanent walking difficulties. In the early 1950s, his father bought a farm in the Pennsylvania Amish Country. His mother refused to live in the Amish country, and soon abandoned her family to do sidewalk preaching for a Southern Baptist organization. Her abandonment would leave a profound effect on the young James, who became sullen and withdrawn.[citation needed]
In 1962, Huberty enrolled at a Jesuit community college and earned a degree in sociology. He would later receive a license for embalming at the Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[2] In 1965, he married Etna, a woman he met while attending mortuary school. They had two daughters, Zelia and Cassandra. The Huberty family settled in Massillon, Ohio near Canton, where James worked as an undertaker at the Don Williams Funeral Home. They were forced to relocate to Canton in 1971 after their house in Massillon was set ablaze.
Huberty found work as a welder for Union Metal Inc. while living in Canton. He and Etna had a history of violent behavior. Domestic violence was frequent in the Huberty household, with Etna once filing a report with the Canton Department of Children and Family Services that her husband had "messed up" her jaw. She would produce tarot cards and pretend to read his future to pacify him and his bouts of violence, thus producing a temporary calming effect. Etna instructed her daughter Zelia to physically assault one of her classmates at a neighbor's daughter's birthday party.[citation needed] In a related altercation with the child's mother, Etna threatened the woman with a 9 mm pistol; the Canton police arrested her but failed to confiscate the weapon. Huberty shot his dog, a German Shepherd, in the head when a neighbor complained about the dog damaging his car.[citation needed]
Huberty, a survivalist, saw signs of what he thought was growing trouble in America, and believed that government regulations were the cause of business failures, including his own. He believed that international bankers were purposefully manipulating the Federal Reserve System and bankrupting the nation. Convinced that Soviet aggression was everywhere, he believed that the breakdown of society was near, perhaps through economic collapse or nuclear war. He committed himself to prepare to survive this coming collapse and, while in Canton, provisioned his house with thousands of dollars of non-perishable food and six guns that he intended to use to defend his home during what he believed was the coming chaos. When he moved from Ohio he left the food behind but brought the guns with him.[3]
Huberty had an uncontrollable twitch in his right arm as a result of a motorcycle accident, a condition that made it impossible to continue as a welder. He was the builder owner of a six unit apartment complex in Canton which he had to sell before he could relocate from Canton. A real estate brokerage made a generous offer on the property and came to some sort of agreement with Huberty. Then, much to Huberty's dismay real estate company reneged on its part of the deal or at least Huberty thought so. This triggered a series of legal wranglings including lawsuits and disciplinary filings against the brokerage as a response to his having to settle for a lower sales price of $115,000.00 for the building that he had thought he had sold for $144,000.00. After the San Diego mass murder incident which Huber perpetrated, his wife would recite the failed Ohio real estate deal as a principal motivating factor for his behavior as she claimed he still sulked over the episode.
Other setbacks plagued Huberty before leaving Ohio. The factory, Union Metal Manufacturing, where he had worked as a welder closed abruptly. On August 17, 1983, he was rear-ended aggravating a pre-existing back condition. Huberty also sued the other driver. Huberty may have also lost significant value in the sale of his personal residence and had to take a "loan assumption" from the buyer just to get the deal done.
The Huberty family left Canton in January 1984 and briefly stayed in Tijuana, Mexico. They then returned to the United States and settled in San Diego's San Ysidro neighborhood. Huberty was able to find work as a security guard. He was dismissed from this position two weeks before the shooting. His apartment was three blocks away from the site of the massacre.
Before the shooting
On the day before the massacre, Huberty had called a mental health center. The receptionist misspelled his name on intake as Shouberty. Since he had not claimed there was an immediate emergency, his call was not returned. He and his family went to the San Diego Zoo on the morning of July 18, and they ate at a McDonald's restaurant in the Clairemont neighborhood in northern San Diego a few hours before the massacre.
Before Huberty left for McDonald's with his weapons, his wife Etna asked him where he was going. Huberty responded that he was "hunting humans".[4] Earlier that day he had commented to her, "Society had its chance."[5] When questioned by police, she gave no explanation as to why she failed to report this bizarre behavior. A witness who spotted him as he left his apartment and proceeded down San Ysidro Boulevard with two firearms phoned the police, but the dispatcher gave the responding officers the wrong address.
Huberty used a 9 mm Uzi semi-automatic (the primary weapon fired in the massacre), a Winchester pump-action 12-gauge shotgun, and a 9 mm Browning HP in the restaurant, killing 21 people and wounding 19 others. His victims were predominantly Mexican and Mexican-American and ranged in age from 8 months to 74 years. The massacre began at 3:59 p.m. and lasted for 77 minutes. He had spent 257 rounds of ammunition before he was fatally shot by a SWAT team sniper, Chuck Foster, perched on the roof of the post office adjacent to the restaurant.[6][7]
Although Huberty stated during the massacre that he had killed thousands in Vietnam, he had never actually served in any military branch. Eyewitnesses stated that he had previously been seen at the Big Bear supermarket and later at the US Post Office. It was surmised that he found the McDonald's to be a better target.
Due to the number of victims, local funeral homes had to use the San Ysidro Civic Center to hold all the wakes. The local parish, Mount Carmel Church, resorted to holding back-to-back funeral masses to accommodate all the dead.
Elsa Herlinda Borboa-Firro, 19
Neva Denise Caine, 22
Michelle Deanne Carncross, 18
María Elena Colmenero-Silva, 19
David Flores Delgado, 11
Gloria López González, 23
Omar Alonso Hernández, 11
Blythe Regan Herrera, 31
Matao Herrera, 11
Paulina Aquino López, 21
Margarita Padilla, 18
Claudia Pérez, 9
Jose Rubén Lozano Pérez, 19
Carlos Reyes, 8 months
Jackie Lynn Wright Reyes, 18
Victor Maxmillian Rivera, 25
Arisdelsi Vuelvas Vargas, 31
Hugo Luis Velazquez Vasquez, 45
Laurence Herman Versluis, 62
Aida Velazquez Victoria, 69
Miguel Victoria Ulloa, 74
After razing the ravaged site, McDonald's built another restaurant nearby[7] and gave the former property to the city, which established the Education Center on the site as part of Southwestern Community College. This location was built in 1988 as an expansion of its off-campus locations. In front of the school is a memorial to the massacre victims, designed by Roberto Valdes, consisting of 21 hexagonal white marble pillars ranging in height from one to six feet and each bearing the name of one of the victims.[8] Valdes, a former student at Southwestern, said of the sculpture "The 21 hexagons represent each person that died, and they are different heights, representing the variety of ages and races of the people involved in the massacre. They are bonded together in the hopes that the community, in a tragedy like this, will stick together, like they did."[8] Every anniversary, the monument is decorated with flowers and on the Mexican holiday Day of the Dead, candles and offerings are brought on behalf of the victims.[citation needed] The location of the monument and the former McDonald's is at 460 West San Ysidro Boulevard.[7]
In response to the incident, the city of San Diego increased training for special units, and purchased more powerful firearms to counteract future situations.[6] The San Ysidro incident also led police departments across the United States to provide their officers with higher power firearms and training for stopping violent criminals and keeping all those around them safe.[6]
The families of the deceased victims along with the surviving victims together tried (unsuccessfully) to sue the McDonald's Corporation and the local franchisee. The cases were in San Diego Superior Court and were consolidated. The court ultimately dismissed before trial on defendants' motion for summary judgment, but the plaintiffs appealed. On July 25, 1987, the California Court of Appeal (Fourth District, Division One) affirmed summary judgment for the defendants because (1) McDonald's or any other business has no duty of care to protect patrons from an unforeseeable assault by a murderous madman; and (2) plaintiffs could not prove causation because the standard reasonable measures normally used by restaurants to deter criminals, like guards and closed-circuit television cameras, could not possibly have deterred the perpetrator (who did not care about his own survival).[9]
In 1986, Etna Huberty, James's widow, also tried (unsuccessfully) to sue McDonald's and Babcock and Wilcox, his longtime former employer, in an Ohio state court for $5 million. She claimed that the massacre was triggered by the combined mixture of eating too many of their chicken nuggets and working around highly poisonous metals. She alleged that monosodium glutamate in the food, combined with the high levels of lead and cadmium in his body, induced delusions and uncontrollable rage. An autopsy did reveal high levels of the metals,[5] most likely built up from fumes inhaled during 14 years of welding. Autopsy results also revealed there were no drugs or alcohol in his system at the time of the killings. Etna Huberty died in 2003.[4]
Guns,Massacre,McDonalds,San Ysidro,Shooting
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Duterte orders police & military to SHOOT Covid-19 quarantine violators who 'cause trouble'
See where guns have been seized in N.J. under new 'red flag' law
Bill to ban assault weapons in Virginia advances in House


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Voters in virtually every school district in the state approved their school budgets on Tuesday.
In 96 percent of districts, voters approved their budgets, according to the New York State School Boards Association. Of the 24 that failed, 19 were attempts to override the new tax cap.
That means 99 percent of budgets within the new tax cap passed, according to the association. The rate was much lower among the 48 that attempted to override the cap with a supermajority, as just 60 percent passed.
During a visit to Syracuse Wednesday, Gov. Andrew Cuomo said the main complaint he has heard in his 17 months as governor was about high property taxes. He said the tax cap had imposed a necessary fiscal discipline on schools.
"We changed the culture, we changed the dialogue and we changed it from automatic tax increases to maybe we have to find some economies of scale," he said.
Locally, the only budget to be shot down by voters was in Stillwater. Though a majority of voters approved the budget, it did not receive the 60 percent required to override the tax cap. The board will meet next to decide whether it will put forward the same budget, develop a new budget or go to a contingency.
The New York State United Teachers union is considering a lawsuit over the cap because it appears to be exacerbating a growing gap between wealthy and poor districts, spokesman Carl Korn said. He said the overrides across the state may have only occurred in rich districts, not poor ones, which creates the inequity.
"It appears, at least preliminarily, high-wealth districts were able to override the cap more easily than those districts that are low-wealth," he said.
In some local districts, including Guilderland and Shenendehowa, the budget passed by the widest margin in at least 15 years. In Albany, which has had some nail-biting close votes as well as some rejections in recent years, the budget passed with a 70 percent approval. However, the 4,210 Albany residents who showed up at the polls were a significantly smaller number the than the 6,937 who voted last year.
By contrast, in Bethlehem, a record high of more than 6,000 voters turned out and the line for the polls snaked out the door of the high school. Voters easily overrode the tax cap with a 63 percent margin.
The number of budgets that passed is a notable increase from last year, when 93 percent of districts passed their budgets. The average, since 1969, is 84 percent.
Districts across the state made major cuts to staff and programs to fall under the cap. Two-thirds cut teachers and 99 percent drew down their rapidly dwindling reserves. Tuesday's results show that voters recognized the sacrifices that have been made in recent years, School Boards Executive Director Timothy Kremer said.
"The voting public has once again shown its strong support for education," he said in a statement. "Voters recognized that school leaders did everything they could to comply with the spirit and intent of the property tax levy cap."
The budget vote next year could see some districts on the brink of fiscal or educational insolvency, said Charles Dedrick, district superintendent of the Capital Region Board of Cooperative Educational Services. He said the important lesson in Tuesday's vote is that voters are concerned about their districts.
Unless some significant mandate relief occurs, Dedrick said, some districts next year will have to cut full-day kindergarten, sports and everything that is not mandated by law. He said Albany must take on the difficult question of mandate relief and look at the retirement contributions, special education requirements and the regionalization of high schools.
"I don't want people in Albany to say 'All is well' and walk away," he said.


What good is a screened enclosure if the screen door lets the bugs in?
If you live and work in an area where bugs come in swarms, (and who doesn't with the early spring we have had?) but you love the outdoors, then you probably either know someone who has, wants, or asks you about a special screened enclosure built to enjoy the outside bug and pesticide free.
For some home improvement businesses, it can be difficult to help your customers understand value from a picture. Many consumers go to big box stores because they want to see what they have in stock. They need to see, touch, test and ask questions about the screen door they are investing in.
Can I just replace my screen door hardware?
Are there any other options for the screen door color?
What can I do to keep the bugs from coming through the screen door?
Why does the screen keep popping out?
Why is my 'rust-proof' screen door rusted?
Is this the only screen door handle option?
How secure is the screen door?
How does your home improvement center attract new customers and retain loyalty? Do you compete on price like the big box stores?
Or is your business model built on the expertise and value of your experience?
But for most home centers, investing and keeping a stock of lower quality screen doors that are going to sit on the shelf, is simply not an option.
Like your customers, you also need to see, touch, and test value. For PCA Preferred Partners, we now offer a variety of in-store screen door display options. For less than $100, you can set yourself apart from the big-box store competition. Let your customers decide what value looks like.
Frustrated with your trusted local home center screen door or screened enclosure options? Tell us who they are and we will do the work for you! Soon you will be able to see, touch, and test the value of a quality screen door. Stop settling for just another screen door repair or replacement.


text:
How many syllables in "every"?
I've come across answers that say something along the lines of, "Well I've only heard people pronounce it ev'ry."
Yeah, well if people started mass-jumping off of buildings, that doesn't mean I'd do it.
All jokes aside, my point is that people pronounce words differently depending on where you live. "Vietnom" versus "Vietnam", "fahr" (one syllable) versus "fire" (fy-yer).
I'm sort of conflicted about even asking this question, because it's something I need to know for a poem. But in poetry it can be okay to bend/break rules, whether it be slightly changing the enunciation or pronunciation of a word, or not using capitalization in the case of haiku, etc.
Still, tl;dr, I was just curious what people on here thought.
If it's only two syllables, why? If "ever" is a two syllable word--why wouldn't it be ev-er-ee?
What would make "ev-er-ee" wrong? Some old rule in a dusty tome buried by the sands of time?
pronunciation poetry syllables
Andrew Leach♦
Kyle SmithKyle Smith
9811 gold badge22 silver badges77 bronze badges
Here are some dictionary entries from ODO to start you off: BrE and AmE. The pronunciation guides can be found near the end of each page. Feel free to edit (and link+cite) these definitions into your question. – Lawrence Sep 21 '16 at 4:20
The text forms /ˈɛvri/ and /ˈevrē/ both look like 2 syllables to me. The links from this answer to a question I asked about the Queen's English might also be interesting to you. For poetry, though, I'd agree with you that you have, well, poetic license. :) – Lawrence Sep 21 '16 at 4:50
As soon as I read your question the good old song by Bob Marley started to play in my mind. Search for "Jammin'", where he sings (in the refrain): We're jammin'... Ev'ry day and everee night.. But this is reggae from a Jamaican guy, whether the same is acceptable in "a poem" is a tricky question. – tum_ Sep 21 '16 at 5:34
There are two and a half syllables in "every". – Hot Licks Sep 21 '16 at 12:12
@A.Toumantsev What started playing in my head was a song by Terry Jones from Monty Python's The Meaning of Life. – Andrew Leach♦ Sep 21 '16 at 12:26
The word every started out as a contraction of Old English ǽfre ǽlc (each of a group), and the OED gives many Middle English spellings, such as efrec, which only indicate two syllables. Others, such as æveric, do indicate three. It's hard to tell whether they really pronounced it with three syllables, or whether they were spelling it so as to show the relation to the word ever.
If you look at Shakespeare's sonnets, he invariably pronounces every with two syllables. For example, in
Yet so they mourn, becoming of their woe,
That every tongue says beauty should look so,
if you pronounce every with three syllables, the line doesn't scan.
The two-syllable pronunciation has existed since Middle English. People who pronounce it evry aren't wrong in any sense.
So to answer your question: If it's only two syllables, why?
Because some people have been pronouncing it with two syllables from the time when they shoved the two words ǽfre ǽlc together to get efrec.
The OED gives both the two-syllable and the three-syllable pronunciations, and I certainly think it's acceptable to use either pronunciation in a poem.
Peter Shor Peter Shor
Every is one of an interesting class of words that are often pronounced with a different number of syllables for emphasis.
The dictionaries generally describe it as having two; /ˈɛvri/ (Oxford British English), /ˈevrē/ (Oxford American English), \ˈev-rē\ (Mirriam-Webster), and that is the more common pronunciations.
But of course there are often several pronunciations found for many words and most dictionaries will only list one or two "received" pronunciations, and every is indeed found pronounced /ˈɛvəri/ and similar.
This is normal enough, vowels (especially schwas) get dropped so it's not strange that most people pronounce the word with two syllables while there are some that still use three. The interesting bit is that many people who pronounce it with two would use three for emphasis, so in saying "I looked at every receipt and every one of them had the wrong price" they would use /ˈɛvri/ for the first every and /ˈɛvəri/ for the second.
Maybe when they (or we, since I would do this) do this we're thinking of the spelling, or maybe we think of it has having three syllables even though we pronounce it with only two and that notion is given voice when we try to emphasise. Whatever the reason, it's an interesting phenomenon.
Jon HannaJon Hanna
I can't decide which answer to choose; yours or Peter's! I'll make you a deal: I'm asking another question pertaining to syllables, this time regarding "pages". How is "pages" not two syllables? Pay-jez. Pages. If you answer and he doesn't, you get the "Accepted" answer. If you both answer but yours is better, you win. :D – Kyle Smith Sep 22 '16 at 7:52
If you've another question, then you should ask another question. (Though I think that might be a duplicate). – Jon Hanna Sep 22 '16 at 9:51
protected by tchrist♦ Dec 28 '17 at 8:43
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged pronunciation poetry syllables or ask your own question.
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Die schwedischen Kleinfunde mit Runenbeschriftung stammen meist aus dem 19. Jahrhundert und dem küstennahen Südschweden. Neufunde erfolgten bis in die 1990er Jahre (Hedenstorp, Norra Gärdet). Probleme ergeben sich durch eine ungenügende Forschungssituation und aus dem im Vergleich zu Norwegen schlechteren Forschungsstand im Hinblick auf die frühen Machtstrukturen. Der schwedischen Forschung fehlen umfassendere Studien, die größere Landesteile erfassen. Aussagekräftige Untersuchungen liegen nur von Fundplätzen vor (beispielsweise Adelsö, Uppsala, Uppåkra).

Acht der elf Kleinfunde mit Runenbeschriftung stammen aus Gräbern. Zudem liegt je ein Moorfund (Amulett von Lindholmen), ein Lesefund (Älgsjö) sowie ein Siedlungsfund (Norra Gärdet) vor. Von den Funden aus Grabkontexten stammen fünf aus Brandgräbern und nur einer aus einem Körpergrab. Diese Relation dürfte repräsentativ für die nordische Eisenzeit sein. Bei Mos und Rickeby handelt es sich um Männergräber (Beigabe von Waffen). Älvesta, Etelhem und Gårdlösa sind Frauengräber (Beigabe von Fibeln).

Von den zeitlich bestimmbaren Gegenständen sind sieben der nordischen Eisenzeit und je eines der Vendel- und der Wikingerzeit (Kvinnebyamulett) zuzuweisen. Das Webschwert von Lödöse in Västergötland ist mittelalterlich.

Für die Gräberfunde ist ein erhebliches Gefälle zwischen reichen (beispielsweise Älvesta, Rickeby) und ärmlichen Bestattungen (Dragby) nachzuweisen. Wahrscheinlich entstammen allein das Webgewicht von Norra Gärdet und die Fibel von Etelhem einem Umfeld der Gesellschaftsspitze. Die Grabfunde von Gårdlösa, Mos und Rickeby sind einem gestuften Ober- oder Mittelschichtmilieu zuzuweisen. Die Männergräber von Mos und Rickeby  können für Gefolgschaftsmitglieder mittleren Rangs eingestuft werden. Im Falle von Rickeby und den Gräbern von Vendel und Valsgärde entzieht sich dagegen die Zugehörigkeit zur Herrenschicht dem archäologischen Nachweis.

Siehe auch
 Runenstein G 216

Weblinks
 Runenprojekt der Uni-Kiel

Archäologischer Fund (Schweden)
Archäologischer Fund (Germanen)
Runeninschrift
Archäologischer Fund (Eisenzeit)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Anne Frank House – one of Amsterdam's top 3 museums
April 6, 2022 Museums, Things to Do
The Anne Frank House is the third most popular museum in Amsterdam — after the van Gogh Museum and the Rijksmuseum.
Tickets are sold online only, for a specific date and time slot.
This is a must-see museum for anyone visiting Amsterdam. We provide you with practical information to help you plan your visit.
Hollandsche Schouwburg — War Memorial
September 25, 2009 Museums
Built 1892, the Hollandsche Schouwburg (Dutch Theatre) long was a house of culture and entertainment.
But during the Second World War the German occupiers turned the building into a place of grief and sorrow.
It is now a war memorial in remembrance of the Jews who were deported from here.
Rembrandthuis – Rembrandt House Museum
August 12, 2008 Museums, Things to Do
Painter Rembrandt van Rijn bought what is now the 'Rembrandt house' museum in 1639 — just prior to being commissioned to paint The Night Watch.
A visit to the restored 17th-century house is like stepping into one of Rembrandt's paintings.
Scheepvaart Museum / National Maritime Museum
December 15, 2007 Museums, Plantage, Things to Do
The Netherlands Maritime Museum in Amsterdam carries the largest collection of ships in the world.
Architecture Museum Het Schip
April 18, 2006 Museums, Things to Do
Museum Het Schip is located in one of the best examples of the Amsterdam School architectural movement of the early 20th century.


WHERE: RAMADA INN – NORFOLK, VA.
The 6th Marine Division Association (Okinawa - WWII) has cordially invited Shipmates and family of the 112th Seabees to their reunion in Norfolk Va., Tuesday 9 Oct. 2007 thru Sat. 13 Oct. 2007. During WWII, the 112th NCB as part of the massive 50,000+ Seabees construction force on Okinawa, occupied Japanese territory secured by the 6th Marine Division. Marines have repeatedly told of teamwork with Seabees - rest assured that you are welcome guests of the 6th Marines.
Norfolk is an excellent location for an eventful and enjoyable military reunion or vacation with many very interesting attractions for everyone. Some tentative activities planned by the 6th are: Memorial ceremony on the USS Wisconsin, Luncheon cruise on the Chesapeake Bay aboard the Spirit of Norfolk, Banquet Dinner with guest speaker (possibly Former USN secretary James Webb) Other local activities organized or on your own, may include: General MacArthur Memorial, Norfolk Botanical Gardens, Jamestown, Williamsburg, USN Base Tours- Norfolk, Chrysler Museum, and Nauticus National Maritime Museum. Some other special interest programs currently in planning stages by Col. Michael Santacroce, USMC, are luncheon on the USN Base and a tour of "Okinawa Hall."
Room reservations may be made directly with the Radisson - 757-627-5555 at the reunion room rate of $89/ night - Tues Oct 9 through Sat Oct 14. An airport shuttle service is available by calling the Radisson at the above number 24 hrs before arrival. The Radisson is centrally located in Norfolk close to most attractions.
Approximately 15 questionnaire respondees from the 112th NCB Assn. expressed interest in attending this event in Norfolk; we should have a fair sized Seabee group present.
Any questions, please contact me at edwin@nls.net, 440-478-8553.