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February 6, 2003 | Part Of NASA Daily News Briefing
Shuttle Columbia Technical Briefing
2003-02-06T20:21:44-05:00https://images.c-span.org/defaults/Capitol_default-image.jpgMr. Dittemore briefed reporters on the status of investigations into the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Among the topics he addressed were the progress of collecting and examining debris, research into the cause of the accident, and other efforts to gather information. He also responded to questions from the reporters.
Mr. Dittemore briefed reporters on the status of investigations into the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Among the topics he addressed… read more
Mr. Dittemore briefed reporters on the status of investigations into the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Among the topics he addressed were the progress of collecting and examining debris, research into the cause of the accident, and other efforts to gather information. He also responded to questions from the reporters. close
Ron Dittemore Program Manager NASA->Space Shuttle
NASA | Washington OfficeNASA | Washington Office
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NASA Daily News Briefing
News Conference
Feb 06, 2003 | 5:30pm EST | C-SPAN 1
Feb 06, 2003 | 11:56pm EST | C-SPAN 2
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Shiroyone Senmaida (literally "1000 rice paddies of Shiroyone"), is a scenic, terraced rice field located in Shiroyone Town, 11km north-east of Wajima city.
Terraced rice fields are well known across east Asia, and always draw a lot of attention for their strangely mesmerizing beauty. The technique of terracing in agriculture aids the utilization of sloped land for growing crops. This can be an advantage in hilly or mountainous areas, where flat lands are rare. For rice specifically, the terracing technique is also an advantage as this crop requires irrigation (controlled watering) – a process which is eased by gravity on a slope.
At Shiroyone Senmaida, the fields are flooded every year in April, and rice is planted in May. All work in these fields is carried out by locals and volunteers. The size of each paddy is so small, that all work must be done by hand.
Shiroyone Senmaida is no exception when it comes to beauty. With a scenic location, overlooking the Sea of Japan, this site of 1004 rice paddies has become one of the areas biggest attractions. In fact, it has been designated as a "special place of scenic beauty" by the Japanese government.
Facing north-west, the rice paddies of Shiroyone make a magnificent spot for watching the sunset. The setting sun reflects in the ocean and the many water filled rice paddies, transforming the fields into a huge art installation. The ideal time of year for sunset watching is April through July when the fields are flooded.
During the fall and winter season (mid-October to mid-March), 21'000 LED lights are installed along the edges of the individual fields. The lights are charged by solar panels during the day and then turn on at night. This makes for a real art installation, even in the winter time when the fields aren't flooded.
Shiroyone Senmaida (noto peninsula). Credit: suri, flickr.com. Licensed under CC.
Private tour: A convenient option is to book an all private tour of the Noto peninsula! This way of traveling provides a lot of freedom, great guidance and no need to drive yourself.
By car: from Wajima city, take route 249 about 11km in westerly direction. The drive from Wajima is about 20 minutes along the coast. Parking is available right next to the rice fields, where you also find a small visitor center / souvenir shop. Parking coordinates: 37.424158, 136.997957.
By bus: busses are available, leaving from Wajima Ekimae Bus Stop. Take the Machino Line, Hokutetsu Oku Noto Bus. The nearest bus stop to the rice paddies is Shiroyonesenmaida Bus Stop. The ride is about 20 minutes, and costs ¥480 in 2018. Be aware that the buses are infrequent, so check the schedule beforehand. If you arrive train from Tokyo, then you must travel via Kanazawa.


The dean oversees the faculty and serves as the Chief Academic Officer. As CAO, the dean is responsible for academic quality, reviewing the quality of instruction, mentoring, coaching, and supervising faculty. The dean also performs annual faculty performance reviews, which entail a class visit and write-up, which includes a discussion with each faculty member to encourage continuous improvement.
The Faculty Chair is independent of College administration. The Chair is a peer-leader for the faculty, and as such, plays a unique role to provide a faculty voice and leadership role for guiding both formal an informal discussions with faculty.
The chair is also a mentor and role model for other faculty. The dean works closely with the chair prior to the semi-annual faculty meetings to ensure that the voice of the faculty is heard and blended in with administrative and academic decision-making.
If faculty feel their voice is not being heard by administration, or if there are sensitive matters that need to be addressed anonymously, the Chair is available to listen to those concerns.
Lead faculty serve as pseudo department heads (Oak Valley does not have departments). In this role, the faculty are experts on the curriculum in their area (business, theology, and general education).
The dean relies on lead faculty to provide insights on curriculum decisions, referrals for prospective adjunct faculty hires, and insight on quality control and assurance.
While lead faculty do not serve a formal administrative role, they are influential in guiding the overall learning outcomes and student success in their areas.
Qualifications for Lead Faculty include teaching experience at the college and broad exposure to the college mission, vision and values.
Core Adjunct Faculty are recognized by their service to the College. These individuals regularly participate in activities and programs outside of the classroom, including faculty development programs, student advising, fundraisers, or student events.
Adjunct faculty teach single courses and support the college through their expertise and service.
Recruiting faculty is ongoing. Adjunct faculty members must be Christian, have a graduate degree from a regionally accredited institution, and expertise in the field of study they wish to teach. For consideration, email resume/CV to info@oakvalleycollege.org.
For first-time teaching at Oak Valley, the Dean will observe a day of instruction, provide feedback, and review opportunities for improvement with the faculty member. At the conclusion of the semester, the dean will review student evaluations, and the adjunct faculty member will provide an evaluation of his/her teaching assignment.
Promotion to Adjunct Faculty to Core Adjunct Faculty may be made at any time by the request of the faculty member or the dean. Promotion to Lead Faculty is made based on the needs of the College and the expertise required.


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Верхнее Плуталово — деревня в Зарайском районе Московской области, в составе муниципального образования сельское поселение Гололобовское (до 28 февраля 2005 года входила в состав Ерновского сельского округа).

География
Верхнее Плуталово расположено на северо-востоке района, в 10 км на восток от Зарайска, на реке Купелка, правом притоке реки Меча, высота центра деревни над уровнем моря — 186 м.

Население

История
Верхнее Плуталово, как просто Плуталово, впервые в исторических документах упоминается в Платежных книгах 1594—1597 годов. В 1790 году в селе Плуталово (вместе с сельцами Средним и Нижним Плуталовым) числилось 26 дворов, 247 жителей, в 1858 году в Верхнем — 14 дворов и 187 жителей, в 1884 году — 23 двора и 190 жителей, в 1906 году — 24 двора и 257 жителей. В 1930 году был образован колхоз «Юный ленинец», с 1961 года — в составе совхоза им. Калинина.

Деревянная Богородице-рождественская церковь в Плуталово была возведена в 1676 году, сгорела в первой половине XVIII века, взамен которой в 1751 году была построена также деревянная, сломанная в середине XX века.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Зарайского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Ба́лковська — станиця в Виселківському районі Краснодарського краю. Входить до складу Іркліївського сільського поселення.

Станиця Балковська розташована 5 км на схід Іркліївської вздовж берегів Рибної балки (сточище Бейсуга) у степовій зоні краю. Тихорецьк розташований за 28 км на схід від Балковської, Краснодар — за 105 км на південний захід.

Заснована в 1887 році.

Станиці Краснодарського краю


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Linux Made Simple
HP Chromebook 13 (G1) - W0T02UT#ABA
Today we are looking at the HP Chromebook 13 (G1) - W0T02UT#ABA. This Chromebook is a beast of a business Computer, it comes in four different models, looks great, light-weight, the perfect size for traveling as it fits perfectly in an airplane fold-up table and with an HP Elite USB-C Docking Station a person can easily connect it to multiple monitors in an office.
It comes with a fanless Dual-Core Intel Core m7-6Y75 CPU, a 13.3 inch, 3200x1800, WLED eDP BrightView display, and a non-touch screen. It has 16GB of RAM and 32GB eMMC SSD.
It has Android Apps (Google Play) but it does not have Linux Apps (crostini) support and it will receive auto-updates until June 2023.
It weighs 2.69 lbs and its dimensions are 12.59 x 8.64 x 0.5 in inches. The battery has 3 cells, 45 Whr Lithium-ion battery, and 11,5 hours of battery life.
It has a TrueVision HD Webcam, 3 USB ports (one USB 3 port and two USB-C ports), a backlit keyboard, a MicroSD slot, and a combo headphone jack.
Connectivity-wise, it comes with an Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 7265 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac (2x2) built-in Wifi Card and Bluetooth 4.2.
Buy it now on amazon.com
This Chromebook comes in 4 different models, the first (has a Pentium 4405Y CPU, a 32GB SSD, and 4GB of ram), the second (has an m5-6Y57 CPU, a 32GB SSD, and 8GB of ram), the third (has an m7-6Y75 CPU, a 32GB SSD, and 16GB of ram) and the fourth (has an m3-6Y30 CPU, a 32GB SSD, and 4GB of ram).
Have a look at our Rolling Chromebook Sales on amazon .com .ca .co.uk and.de! Click Here
Signup up to hear more about Chromebook Sales and New Models: Click Here!
For more information about Chromebooks, look here! - Click here
How to enable the Dark Theme on Elementary OS 5.0 Juno
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For Linux Videos With Voice-Overs, look here! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKCE4IQsQCDdzxoF6YF

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Toyota Supra: The Car Bible (A70/MK3; 1986-1992)
It's not the Supra everyone thinks of first, but it's not a car that should be forgotten!
By Victoria Scott | Published Aug 27, 2021 4:00 PM
Welcome to the Toyota Supra (A70) Car Bible. As you scroll down you'll learn all about this vehicle's qualities, features, finer points, and shortcomings. If you're thinking about buying one of these, want some help maintaining or modifying one, or just want to deepen your knowledge for the next round of car trivia, you've come to the right place.
This is a living document that's updated as we learn (and confirm) new valuable information. Got something to add? Drop a comment. Don't be shy; the more dialogue we have the better this Car Bible will get.
–Andrew P. Collins, Car Bibles Editor-In-Chief
(Disclaimers, Disclosures: Some Car Bibles will have links to specific forums, groups, brands, shops, or vendors for parts shopping and such. We have no sponsorship deals or official affiliation with any of them unless explicitly stated. Please, work on your own car and follow our advice at your own risk.)
The third-generation Supra was commonly referred to as a Mark III or MK3, despite never being officially given that name from Toyota. Its official designation was the chassis code A70. It was the first generation of the already successful Supra nameplate to get its own, unique platform. From the Supra's inception in 1978 until the end of the second-generation Supra in 1985, it was a trim option for the cheaper Celica nameplate; a regular Celica would get nicer appointments in the interior, a straight-six, and fancier adornments on the outside, and voila, a Celica Supra was born. But finally, in 1986, Toyota used the Celica name for a front-wheel-drive, economical sports coupe line, and the Supra name was split off as a rear-wheel-drive, straight-six luxurious grand tourer, and the mythology of the name began to come into its own.
Stateside, the third-generation Supra was only offered with a naturally aspirated and turbocharged version of the straight-six 7M motor, respectively known as the 7MGE and 7MGTE. The 7M series of motors were sufficient for the MK3 to be a Corvette-beater in its time but left a lot to be desired when compared to the variety of motors offered elsewhere in the world. The 7M also had an extremely notable Achilles heel that killed the longevity the otherwise stout 3.0-liter motor would have had, as we will see later in this Bible. Still, it was a robust enough car for it to be competitive with many of its peers when it was introduced, with comfort to match its impressive performance.
For a while, MK3s were the black sheep of the Supra line, perpetually not quite timeless enough to be valued for pure style like the earlier Celica Supras but not fast or legendary enough to be worth remotely what a fourth-generation 2JZ-equipped Supra was. This has changed in recent years, thanks to a variety of factors: The fifth-generation Supra has increased excitement for all previous generations; 1980s nostalgia is at a fever pitch, and as time has worn on and clean examples have gotten rarer and rarer, there is a sense of excitement that comes with spotting a nice MK3 in the wild.
If you're looking for more images, scroll down to the Photo Galleries links toward the end of the Car Bible. Don't forget to drop a comment if you have a stash of stock A70 Supra pictures we could share.
The A70 Supra was the last Supra built before the Lexus nameplate was created by Toyota, and so it has more of a focus than later Supras on plush, luxurious features, as it was their top-line halo car.
In Japan, the top model of the A70 Supra received the 1JZ and the ultimate version of it was known as the 2.5 Twin Turbo R. It was the fastest street variant produced and rated as a "gentlemen's agreement" 276 horsepower.
The rarest A70 Supra is the Supra Turbo A. Produced solely for two months in 1988, it was an FIA Group A racing homologation model with a modified 7MGTE that produced more than 260 horsepower. Only 500 were ever built.
Spotter's Guide
The MK3 Supra stands out even among other wedge-shaped tourers of the era with its sharp angles and stunning beltline. The car's silhouette is that of a fastback hatch, with a trim line running all the way from the wraparound corner lights in the front to the rear bumper of the car. Some Supras received targa tops, and others received sunroofs. The rarest examples are hardtops with no accouterment, known as slicktops, but the silhouette remains the same on all models.
A facelift was given to the Supra in 1989. Pre-facelift models have an uninterrupted grille with a squared-off front bumper, gray metal-backed trim regardless of paint color, rectangular "brick" taillights, a unique red-carbon-weave Toyota Supra nose badge, and on Turbo models, a one-piece wing that is connected solely to the trunk. All pre-facelift U.S.-market models have 16-by-7-inch sawblade-style directional wheels.
Post-facelift models got a smoother bumper that split the front grille into two halves, plastic-backed trim that could be either gray or paint-matched, wide heckeblende taillights that connected over the license plate bracket, a traditional modern Toyota T nose badge in lieu of the unique red Supra model badge, and on Turbo models, a three-piece wing that seamlessly integrated with the rear quarter panels. In 1991, the sawblade-style wheels were dropped in favor of a more modern 16-by-7-inch five-spoke design, similar to the wheels that would be seen later on the fourth-generation Supra.
Turbo Supras were given rear wings and a badge in the rear center garnish (on pre-1989 cars) or a badge on the rear trim (on post-1989 cars) stating Turbo. Externally, turbos were the same as other Supras besides the badge and wing.
Homologation Turbo A model Supras were given 3.0 GT Turbo A rocker graphics, special Turbo A badging, a Momo steering wheel and shift knob, body-matched trim, and black sawblade-style wheels. They were exclusively painted black with gray interiors and were only sold in Japan. (So a true Turbo A will be right-hand drive.)
Toyota sold around 50,000 MK3 Supras in the United States over their six-year production run, so they aren't incredibly rare. Total worldwide production numbers are estimated at around 240,000 cars. Turbo A models are the rarest by far, with the all-black homologation versions numbering a scant 500 built. The rarest U.S.-spec model is generally agreed to be the teal-painted 1992 Turbo; teal was a one-year-only option for 1992, and 1992 was the lowest year of production with only 1,193 models produced.
Check This Car Out If …
You're looking for a rear-wheel-drive, luxurious, comfortable tourer with quintessential '80s styling.
Important Trim Levels and Options
In the United States, the Supra only got two major trim levels: turbo and naturally aspirated. The turbo model got the 7M-GTE, and the non-turbo model received the 7M-GE. They are both 3.0-liter inline-six, twin-cam, 24-valve motors, but the 7MGTE was equipped with the Toyota CT26 turbocharger, an intercooler, turbo model badging, and a wing. Both the Turbo and base models could be equipped with a targa top, known as a Sport Roof in marketing materials. Generally speaking, hardtops are more desirable for performance applications, as they weigh less and have vastly more chassis rigidity.
All U.S.-market Supras were offered the option to have an automatic or manual transmission.
Additionally, the MK3 Supra was sold with the then-novel Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension (TEMS) as an option on naturally aspirated cars and standard on Turbos. TEMS-equipped cars will have large electronic controller bricks placed on top of the struts in the engine, and three settings, two of which can be manually toggled with a pair of buttons on the center console: Normal and Sport. The third stiffest setting is automatically applied by the car under hard braking and high-speed cornering.
Turbo models additionally received a sports package as standard, which gave the car a limited-slip differential (as opposed to an open differential) and headlight washers mounted in the front nose piece. Anti-lock brakes were optional on both the standard and Turbo trims.
The rarest stateside option that is currently known is the 1992-only 10-speaker system with a built-in trunk-mounted subwoofer. Thought to be mythical, I have confirmed their existence, but actual option order numbers are impossible to come by.
Overseas, there was a litany of engines offered, along with slight variations to the body depending on the trim and engine equipped. In Japan, a narrower body style was offered with one of four potential motors, all two-liter inline sixes:
The 1G-EU (naturally aspirated, SOHC), 1G-FE (naturally aspirated, DOHC, fuel-economy-optimized), 1G-GEU (naturally aspirated, DOHC, performance-optimized), and 1G-GTE (DOHC, twin-turbocharged).
The twin-cam 1G-GEU was known as the Supra 2.0 GT in Japan. The 1G-GTE equipped models were sold as the Supra 2.0 GT Twin Turbo. All 2.0L Supras were sold with a slightly narrower body to come in under the 1,700-mm vehicle width limit the Japanese government set for higher vehicle taxation.
Japan also got the Supra 3.0 GT Turbo A, an FIA-mandated homologation run of 500 cars that were built to meet regulations in Group A racing. The 7M-GTE was the sole motor available in the homologation version, and it was given a power bump via advanced tuning, a larger trim turbo, and improved intake technology, although no changes were made to the motor internally.
The last motor variant Japan received was the first in the legendary JZ line of motors, the 1JZ-GTE. This was sold as the 2.5 Twin Turbo and was only offered from 1990 until the discontinuation of the A70 in 1992.
The most powerful and lightest version of the MK3 Supra was also a Japan exclusive: The 2.5 Twin Turbo R. This model came with a 1JZ-GTE, but with a larger intercooler, Recaro seats, lighter sway bars, and a Torsen limited-slip differential.
Year-To-Year Changes
Introduced midway through 1986 as a 1986 model year due to production delays; first-year production A70 Supras are frequently known as 1986.5 as a result.
Solely offered with the 7MGE N/A motor in America.
1987 model year:
Turbo model introduced in North America with the 7M-GTE single turbo motor, pushing maximum power to 230 horsepower.
Sports package introduced with TEMS, LSD, and headlight washers; standard on Turbo models, optional on base.
Vinyl base interior substituted with cloth.
Two-tone paint options (blue/light blue, brown/tan) dropped from offerings.
Japan receives the 500-car homologation production run of the 3.0 GT Turbo A model in September and October.
Facelifted model with new front bumper, grille, plastic-backed trim, and new wing design released.
Revised wastegate and intake boosts power by 2 horsepower and 8 pound-feet of torque.
Power steering and suspension slightly revised for better handling.
Rear subframe reinforced to help prevent cracking.
Turbo model introduced in the United Kingdom.
Driver's side airbag made standard; cruise control moved from wheel to stalk control as a result.
Japan receives the 2.5 Twin Turbo with the twin-turbocharged 2.5L 1JZ-GTE.
Five spoke wheels made standard.
Turbo models receive standard anti-lock brakes.
Final year of MK3 Supra production.
Teal paint offered.
10-speaker stereo with trunk-mounted subwoofer made available as option.
General Reliability and Ownership Costs
The MK3 Supra is on the luxury side of the spectrum and went through an extended period of significant depreciation, which means that frequently, non-critical electronics can fail or decorative trim pieces can break after periods of neglect, and replacement parts can be hard to come by. Keeping a decent MK3 Supra running and drivable is usually quite cheap (with one caveat: the head gasket). Keeping a MK3 Supra in concours-level condition can rapidly become a five-figure exercise in scouring eBay.
The Supra is somewhat expensive to operate, as both the N/A and Turbo models require premium fuel and get typical sports-coupe mileage (rated at 16 city/22 highway by the EPA). The rear tourer seats do help keep insurance premiums slightly lower, but it is still a fastback sports car, so expect higher rates than a comparable economy vehicle of the era.
Obscure Details
The MK3 Supra was sold in Japan with an ad campaign referring to it as the 3000GT in an attempt to hearken back to Toyota's first halo model sports car, the 2000GT.
The Turbo-model manual transmission and the naturally aspirated five-speed manual transmissions are different models: the R154 and W58, respectively. The R154 is infamously stout, with claims it can make 700 horsepower or more in stock form before grenading. The W58 is generally considered weak and fragile, and attempts to make more than the naturally aspirated 200 horsepower without significant transmission upgrades generally results in failure.
A variety of final drives were offered for MK3 Supra differentials. N/A models received only an open differential with a 4.30 ratio, and Turbos received solely limited-slip differentials, in either a 3.91 (pre-1989) or a 3.73 (post-1989) gear ratio.
Red Flags and Known Issues
Head gasket. The largest issue with the 7M-GE and 7M-GTE motors are the head gaskets. With the introduction of the 7M, Toyota switched from asbestos-based head gaskets to a safer composite material one but did not update their torque specs from the factory. All 7M motors, therefore, were mistorqued immediately upon production, to 40 pound-feet vs. the correct 75 pound-feet. All MK3 Supras blow head gaskets, regardless of driving style, every 50,000-70,000 miles as a result, unless the issue is remedied. With the correct torque applied to the head gasket, they will last as long as any other motor, but it is important to check that when the head gasket was done last, it was torqued correctly (or, if the car is low mileage, if it has ever been done). Signs of a blown head gasket can include muddy coolant, overheating issues, creamy-colored oil, or continual drainage from the coolant overflow reservoir.
Rear subframe: The rear subframe, especially on pre-1989 models, is prone to cracking under stress. Check for hairline cracks around the differential cradle in the front and the mounting points for the subframe, where it bolts onto the unibody.
Targa top: The targa-top seals are difficult to obtain, and after years of sitting in the sun, they can dry rot and leak. Check for any leaks or water damage in the interior.
Heater control valve: The MK3 Supra uses a vacuum-controlled heater valve. When the heat is turned on, hot coolant is allowed to flow to the heater core. This valve fails frequently internally and is non-serviceable. If it has failed, the heat will not work, and the unit needs to be replaced.
Oil starvation: The 7M uses a center-mounted oil pick-up line 1 3/8-inch off the base of the oil pan. The height and design mean that it performs poorly under high G's. During hard driving, if the oil level is even slightly low, the motor can starve itself of oil and develop rod knock rapidly. Before a track day or other high-speed, high-performance event, ensure the oil is filled all the way to the top mark on the dipstick and check it frequently.
TEMS failure: On cars equipped with the TEMS electronic suspension system, the system is known to fail. The TEMS lights in the center of the dash will blink, and the suspension will not change stiffness regardless of mode selection.
Rust: As with every vintage Japanese car, rust is a common problem on Supras, and the complicated unibody construction can hide the worst of it without careful inspection. Check the bottom of the spare tire carrier, under the seat rails/carpet in the driver compartment, and in the seam welds of the rear wheel wells.
Cracked dashboard: As with many other Toyotas of the era, UV light from the sun tends to crack the dash, and mint dashboard pads are nearly irreplaceable-level rare.
There are no outstanding recalls on the A70 Supra, via the NHTSA.
You can pop your VIN (the number stamped in the bottom corner of your windshield) into the NHTSA site here to see if your Supra has any outstanding recalls.
Basic Supra maintenance parts (brake pads, clutch cylinders, oil) can be found anywhere car parts are sold, such as Amazon, RockAuto, AutoZone, and Advance Auto Parts. Toyota still carries some parts through their dealership network, although many have been discontinued and out of stock for the better part of a decade. More obscure and out-of-production OEM parts and upgrade parts are sold at Driftmotion.com, which is one of the most active supporters of the platform.
MK3 Supra engine mods are unfortunately limited if the 7M motor is retained. Titan Motorsports produces a variety of upgrade parts, including internals, for the 7M motor, as does Brian Crower, and Driftmotion offers a variety of options to push out a bit more power. However, a 1JZ-GTE or 2JZ-GTE motor is a relatively common and well-supported swap, and parts availability for those motors is nearly infinite. Parts can be found anywhere that MK4 Supra parts are sold. Handling parts, such as coilovers, strut braces, sway bars, etc. are frequently made-to-order and cost more than on better-supported platforms.
Aero and style parts can be difficult to come by, but Kaminari still makes their original line of kits for both the pre- and post-facelift MK3s, and Shine Auto Project makes replicas of out-of-production kits in fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP).
Popular Modifications
Popular modifications for the MK3 Supra Turbo include a wastegate shim (to allow the turbo to make more than the stock 6.5 psi of boost before venting extra pressure). Bosch Saab 9000 blow-off valves are sometimes used in conjunction with wastegate modification to provide better venting with higher pressures, or an aftermarket blow-off valve can be used. This is sometimes paired with an old-school modification trick of using a Lexus SC300 air flow meter housing and 550-cc injectors (top-feed style) to allow the 7MGTE to bypass fuel cut under high-boost pressures and allow for higher psi without needing to replace the ECU or run a piggyback air/fuel controller. This is admittedly rudimentary but worked for decades before the advent of plug-and-play ECUs.
The stock exhaust system is extremely restrictive, so a higher-flow turbo outlet neck, downpipe, high-flow catalytic converter, and aftermarket exhaust system can free up a significant amount of power on a Turbo model.
Coilovers are produced by Fortune Auto, TEIN, BC Racing, and other reputable manufacturers, and can provide a solid performance-oriented upgrade over stock suspension while removing the complexity and failure potential of the TEMS system. New bushings are recommended when upgrading the suspension, as 30-year-old rubber tends to degrade, and there are several companies that make polyurethane bushing kits for the MK3 Supra.
Key Technical Details
Naturally aspirated: 3.0 liter, dual-overhead-cam (DOHC) engine with four valves per cylinder, producing 200 horsepower @ 6,000 rpm, and 187 pound-feet of torque @ 4,800 rpm
Turbo: 3.0 liter, dual-overhead-cam (DOHC) engine with four valves per cylinder, producing 232 horsepower @ 5,600 rpm, and 253 pound-feet of torque @ 3,200 rpm
On both N/A and Turbo models, the block is cast-iron; the head is aluminum
Transmission: Five-speed manual or four-speed automatic
Drivetrain: Front-engine, rear-wheel drive
Suspension: Double-wishbone coil-on-spring, front and rear
Wheelbase: 102.4 inches
Overall length: 181.9 inches
Curb Weight: 3,300 to 3,600 pounds, depending on trim and options. Hardtop models weigh significantly less than targa models.
Fluids, Filters, and Capacities
Fuel: Toyota recommends premium fuel (at least 91 octane) on both the N/A and Turbo trims.
Battery size: 27F.
Engine oil: Toyota recommends a range of weights based on average ambient air temperatures for oil, as per the owner's manual, but the general consensus in the community is that 10W-40 is the best choice.
Oil filter: The Supra uses a spin-on filter, Toyota part number 90915-03002 for both Turbo and N/A models.
Air filter: The part number is 17801-70020 for the OEM air filter.
Cabin air filter: There is no cabin air filter.
Transmission oil: Enthusiasts of the Supra swear by Redline MT90 gear oil for the manual versions. Use three quarts. For the automatic, use Toyota Genuine Type T- IV automatic transmission fluid and replace every 60,000 miles.
Differential oil: The differential uses 1.2 quarts of 75W-90 gear oil.
Coolant: Toyota Genuine Red Coolant is recommend for the MK3 Supra.
Power steering fluid: Toyota recommends the use of automatic transmission fluid (ATF) for power steering fluid. Use Dexron II type ATF.
Brake fluid: The OEM rating is DOT3 spec.
Spark plugs: NGK 5689 Iridiums are recommended for the Turbo trim, and NGK 3306 are recommended for the naturally aspirated trim.
The Toyota Service and Repair Manual (TSRM) for the 1990 Supra is available online at Cygnus X-1.
Tested: 1987 Toyota Supra Turbo (Car and Driver, April 1987)
When Arthur St. Antoine covered the gen-three Supra in 1987, he was a little disappointed in the brakes but generally liked it as GT car. It was called out as a significant improvement over the predecessor:
"On the Interstate, the Supra Turbo requires frequent small adjustments of the wheel to maintain a straight line. In keeping with the cars' comfortable nature, the ride is supple and forgiving; even in the "sport" mode, the suspension is nowhere near as stiff as an RX-7 Turbo's. If the weather and the law are on your side, the Supra Turbo will comfortably tick off the miles at extralegal speeds all day long.
Thrown hard into a corner, the Supra Turbo turns in quickly, takes a set, and gets down to business. You can crank in up to 0.83 g of neck strain without a lot of fuss. The 225/50VR-16 Goodyear Eagles get part of the credit; the rest goes to the Supra's carefully designed suspension. Over exuberance with the throttle or suddenly snapping off the power will make the tail step out of line, but for the most part the Turbo is composed and predictable. Despite the generous load of luxurious features along for the ride, this spirited Toyota will clip apexes with the best of them."
That story also includes counterpoints from Rich Ceppos, Larry Griffin, and Csaba Csere. It's worth taking a look at for sure.
Real Owner Impressions
I have owned one and driven dozens in all trims and imaginable modifications, including the rare Turbo A model, and I can truthfully say they are fantastic touring cars and one of the most fun vehicles to come out of the '80s overall. In stock form, they are comfortable and fast enough on the highway to keep up with almost any car of the era, and they have enough handling prowess to avoid being dull in corners. The base model 7MGE is a fun cruiser, The Turbo model 7MGTE has that 1980s turbo-torque punch that feels incredible when merging and pulling on the highway.
Modifications are not simple thanks to a relatively forward-looking amount of tech crammed into the engine bay and a lot of vacuum lines, but they are not extremely difficult as high-end cars later in the '90s sometimes were. It is very possible to tune the suspension and handling of a MK3 until it can challenge much more nimble cars. (I used mine for autocross with strong results, as well as drifting.)
That said, the car is heavy, with poor steering angle and relatively high amounts of steering and chassis play, so it's not exactly a canyon carver out of the box. And if the Supra name or style doesn't appeal to you, there are better choices for nimble performance use. The lack of parts availability and numerous Achilles heels that the chassis and engine design have keep from recommending a MK3 to most novices looking for their first car to wrench on, but if you're already mechanically inclined, it won't be too intimidating.
Having driven both targa models and hardtops, the hardtop model handles noticeably better, but I love the feel of a targa for a car so well-suited for cruising.
If you're looking for one as a daily driver, I did that as well, and mine had some flaws that would leave me stranded occasionally, but a majority of those were due to my own ineptitude as a young mechanic rather than an inherent issue with the car. Just make sure to check the head gasket for any signs of blowing before you entrust a Supra with daily driver duty.
What They're Worth Now
The MK3 went through a nadir of value in the late 2000s, with clean turbo models selling for bottom-of-the-barrel prices, But with the launch of the MKV and the general excitement for 1980s/'90s era cars now, they have skyrocketed. High-mile, automatic-transmission naturally aspirated pre-1989 cars are generally the least expensive; they can still be sometimes found for $3,000 to $4,000, but expect a rough vehicle.
Clean turbocharged manual models are now solidly into five-figure territory; for a nice manual-transmission turbo with a clean interior and service history, expect to pay upwards of $15,000.
Where To Find One For Sale
The MK3 Supra is far too old to pop up at big chains like Carvana or Carmax. Your best bet is to check local classified listings — smaller dealership chains, Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace, and private sellers. Occasionally, the best of the best examples may pop up at premium, curated auction houses, such as BringATrailer, Hemmings, or Mecum, but expect to pay top dollar for a pristine example.
What To Ask a Seller
The Supra has several potential downfalls if maintenance is not done regularly. Be sure to ask for service history.
First, ask about the head gasket, when it was replaced, and if it was done to the proper torque spec. (Most head gaskets done within the past 20 years will be spec'd right, as Toyota sent out a service bulletin regarding it shortly after the MK3 launched.) If you are extra concerned about buying a car with a near-death motor, ask to have a compression test performed at a trusted shop.
If the head gasket was done, ensure that the timing belt was done at the same time, or that it has been done since then.
Ask to inspect under the car for power steering/rear main seal leaks, any cracks in the rear subframe, or unibody rust. All of these can happen on the MK3 Supra somewhat commonly and require a decent amount of time and money to repair.
Competitors To Consider
The Supra competed in a crowded market segment in its era, and as a result, there are a lot of strong contenders to weigh it against.
1983-1996 Chevrolet Corvette (C4). The Corvette was the natural domestic competitor of the MK3 Supra, and for a time it was vastly outmatched in performance and reliability, but later C4s (from 1992 onward, when the LT1 became the V-8 of choice for the Corvette powerplant) surpassed both the speed and longevity of the A70 while losing some of the 80s panache.
1985-1992 Mazda RX-7 (FC3S). The Mazda RX-7 of the era was more sporting-focused than the Supra. Lighter and simpler with better weight distribution and handling, they were vastly more capable for canyon-carving, but with a loss of some long-distance comfort. Additionally, rotary engines typically are just as unreliable as a 7M can be when poorly maintained.
1982-1991 Porsche 944. The 944 was one of the defining attainable poster cars of the 80s, with styling that rivals the Supra's svelte form. Porsche interior quality and handling are both phenomenal, as usual, and the comfort of the 944 still means it can eat highway miles. Non-turbos are a bit slow, however, and Porsche pricing — both for the car and for aftermarket parts — are vastly higher than the MK3.
FavCars.com has pictures of United States- and international-spec Supras. Additionally, your author has photosets of both her old MK3 and a Turbo A at her Flickr.
Pop-Culture References
The MK3 Supra has barely touched most movies and TV shows, strangely. The most influential show I could find with it was an anime OVA titled "Goddamn" where the main character drives the Safari Rally through Kenya for Toyota Team Europe in a MK3 Supra.
Enthusiast Inquiries
Every car has a collection of common questions that pop up in forums and Facebook groups whenever new blood joins in. We hope a lot of those have been answered above, but here are some Supra FAQs we wanted to dig into.
Yo, this thing is dope. Can I drift it?
Yes, you can, but it will suck. The high weight, vague steering, weak clutch-pack-type LSD, and poor steering angle all make it an atrocious drift car for competition use, but it is rear-wheel drive, and it can be drifted. I used to.
I'm going to turbo/supercharge/build the crap out of my car.
Just be aware that the 7M-GTE has an upper limit of about 400 horsepower before pistons and rings start to reach their failure point, and the 7M-GE's is even lower. Research upgrading internals or swapping with a more robust JZ-series motor if you want to exceed 400 to the rear wheels.
Downloadable Paperback Car Bible (Coming Soon)
If you're old school and like to keep reference notes on paper or you're just a completionist and want a free accessory for your Toyota Supra, we're going to have a printable owner's manual supplement-type thing to download soon.
Comments Below
You've reached the end of the Toyota Supra Car Bible and are about to scroll into the comment section. If any questions were left unanswered in the text above, try posing it in the space below. Unsolicited Toyota Supra tips are also welcome.
Victoria Scott
Freelance writer at The Drive and Car Bibles. Collectrix of Vintage Hondas and High Priestess of the Church Of Slam It On Wats. she/her Contact the author here.
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Bertin Van Vliet (°1974, Ommen, Netherlands) makes paintings, drawings, performances and films. With a conceptual approach, Van Vliet touches various overlapping themes and strategies. Several reoccurring subject matter can be recognised, such as the relation with popular culture and media, working with repetition, provocation and the investigation of the process of expectations.
His paintings often refers to pop and mass culture. Using written and drawn symbols, a world where light-heartedness rules and where rules are undermined is created. With a subtle minimalistic approach, he tries to approach a wide scale of subjects in a multi-layered way, likes to involve the viewer in a way that is sometimes physical and believes in the idea of function following form in a work.
His works directly respond to the surrounding environment and uses everyday experiences from the artist as a starting point. Often these are framed instances that would go unnoticed in their original context. By using popular themes such as sexuality, family structure and violence, he creates work in which a fascination with the clarity of content and an uncompromising attitude towards conceptual and minimal art can be found. The work is aloof and systematic and a cool and neutral imagery is used.
His practice provides a useful set of allegorical tools for manoeuvring with a pseudo-minimalist approach in the world of painting: these meticulously planned works resound and resonate with images culled from the fantastical realm of imagination. Bertin Van Vliet currently lives and works in Nijmegen.


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Simo Häyhä – The Deadliest Sniper In History
Author Taipo Saarelainen here writes on the deadliest sniper in history Simo Häyhä – the subject of his book on The White Sniper
14th January 2020 at 6:00pm
What Were The Actual Odds Of Dying In WW1?
There are several contenders for the deadliest snipers in the world.
Those holding the title in recent history include an unnamed Royal Marine, who is understood to have tallied 173 confirmed kills while fighting Taliban insurgents in Afghanistan, and the late US Navy Seal Chris Kyle, who claimed at least 150 officially confirmed kills and whose exploits are portrayed in the Oscar-nominated film American Sniper, based on his own best-selling book of the same name. Here, however, researcher and Doctor of Military Sciences Taipo Saarelainen writes about perhaps the deadliest snipers of them all in the history of modern warfare, Finnish sniper Simo Häyhä.
Article by Taipo Saarelainen, Author of The White Sniper: Simo Häyhä:
According to an American study, an average of 7,000 rifle-calibre shots were required to achieve one combat kill during the First World War. During the Vietnam War this number had increased to 25,000.
Considering, however, that a professionally trained sniper only requires an average of 1.3 shots to attain the same outcome, these figures are startling.
So for Simo Häyhä's 542 kills, 13,550,000 bullets would have been used in Vietnam to kill an equal number.
Häyhä's count of 542 is an all-time record for a sniper in any conflict and was achieved in only 98 days of the Winter War, which took place in 1939-40 between Häyhä's Finland and the Soviet Union.
For those 98 days, Häyhä conducted lone missions to the front lines, tormenting the Russians and picking off soldiers one by one, until he was shot and injured by an exploding bullet a few days prior to the war ending. But what made him the deadliest sniper ever and how was he able to achieve this?
Simo Hayha, the 'White Death'
Häyhä, in many ways, had the perfect preparation for becoming a sniper. He grew up on a rural farm and loved to hunt, feeling that you are only entitled to something from nature if you are willing to be part of it.
His specialty were foxes, one of the more difficult animals to hunt, due to their small stature, speed and ability to hide. He would test himself with birds which would flee at even the slightest sound, reflection or sudden movement.
He developed techniques so he could remain silent and hidden for long periods to ensure he got his target and learnt about how a gun would react to wind and rain. Also, from all his experiences, he grew very adept at estimating distances, so he could prepare his rifle suitably when attacking the target.
His attitude and personality to hunting was reflected in his approach to sniping. In my interviews with Häyhä, he told me that he had never been scared during the war, and that he felt no hatred for the enemy.
Instead, he only concentrated on ensuring his weapon was well supported and stable, and that his personal feelings and emotions would not impinge on his ability as a marksman. Häyhä did not mind spending hours upon hours on his own and would even go to his shooting 'nests' at night to ensure they were well hidden and strong.
His behavior might be described as obsessive, because of his dedication to the job at hand. He would clean his weapon more often than most soldiers. He would perform maintenance operations before starting a mission and immediately upon completing a mission.
Especially in the -20 temperatures of the Finnish winter, proper gun maintenance was essential to avoid it jamming. His gun was an M/28-30, one that he had owned before the war, without even a telescopic sight.
Simo Hayha, the White Death. History's deadliest sniper
This rifle was the standard issued one for Finnish infantry in the late 1930s and Simo liked the reliability of the model and the consistency of its shot. It was a basic weapon but one he had mastered from years of experience with it.
Häyhä, when conducting his operations, took every detail into account. He would even pour water into the snow in front of him so that the muzzle blast would not expose his location by disturbing the light snow.
He became a master of using sounds, smoke and artillery fire to cover his movements when changing positions. And when tracking the enemy, he would memorise the shapes of the terrain, depressions, shadows, tree trunks and such. If anything had changed in appearance, it was a possible sign of enemy activity.
One thing Simo never did was climb trees to shoot the enemy. In fact, he laughed when I asked him that question. He said he would have been exposed immediately and with no escape route. It is a persistent myth that snipers do this.
Another myth that Simo busted for me was that snipers aim for headshots. The head is a small size compared to the torso and for that reason Häyhä always fired at the centre of the torso. Shooting an enemy should only be done so when the probability of killing the enemy is at its highest, and if aiming at a head, a slight misjudgment leads to a miss which can give away your position with no gain taken.
Simo Häyhä was the best sniper who ever lived because he understood everything going on around him. He was a skilled trekker and hunter who knew exactly how to stay hidden. His gun too was one he had used for years and he knew exactly how it would react in its environment, and his personality was ideally suited to sniping, with his willingness to be alone and ability to avoid the emotions many would attach to such a job.
Considering his small stature, he was born to hunt and sniping lent itself to him well. The Russians nicknamed him 'The White Death' and it is not difficult to understand why. Simo Häyhä passed away in 2002 at the age of 96.
Tapio Saarelainen is the author of 'The White Sniper' published by Casemate. Available now from Casemate's website or Amazon.
EXCLUSIVE VIDEO: The Making Of A British Sniper
* This is an edited version of an article originally published in 2016.
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Lori and Brian were married on a ridiculously gorgeous and amazing day at Pear Tree Estate in Champaign, IL. As I drove up to Pear Tree the corn was literally so tall you couldn't see the drive until you were suddenly just there. Needless to say when Lori warned me she didn't want any photos with the corn in the background, I could understand why. We arrived to Lori at the house with her best friends just hanging around finishing getting ready. She may deny it, but Lori seemed calm and ready to go (hmm… the wonders a mimosa can do!). Even the transition of Brian heading upstairs to get ready while Lori was literally hiding in the next room – seamless.
Let me just say, this group of guys and gals kept. me. on. my. toes. I don't think I have ever laughed with a bridal party as hard as I did with this bunch:) A bit of nonsensical camera laughs (I'm calling you out-Vashoune), groomsmen who can barely stop giggling like school girls, and the sweetest bridesmaids around made for amazing photos! Seriously-I love that Brian could barely stop laughing with his groomsmen and that Lori and her 'maids were so tight knit and fun (even when looking at a black wall!).
Next up was a gorgeous ivy wall for couple portraits as well as other areas around downtown Champaign. Let's just say that Lori and Brian were so adorable through it all! And Brian was a complete gentleman making sure Lori got her "loopy thingy", opening the door and smiling like she was all he saw. BONUS: A few days ago I heard about how Brian proposed to Lori, and any friends or family who don't know, you need to hear it from Lori. <3 I would say it's a first offering my shoes to a bride during photos, but I oddly can say this has happened before. So when we got to the park and Lori needed shoes, let's just say couple portraits barefoot is the new thing.
So I have to start with mentioning the details of the wedding ceremony. Seriously the arch they were married in front of- Lori's Dad made it for them. Each of the delicate flowers? Handmade tissue paper flowers made by Lori. Every detail overseen by her Mom between getting ready for the wedding. The officiant was one of Brian's long best friends- and let me say, homegirl you kiiiiiiilllled it. It was sweet and hilarious, and so full of love. One of the sweetest moments of the entire day was seeing these two share their vows, and the little moment during getting ready where Lori shared how nervous she was about it.
So. Toasts at receptions usually go one of two ways: 1) they get on the story train and lose focus, 2) they hit select points and are clear, focused, and concise. When Tyson, Brian's best man and son, stood up to speak the entire room stopped. I'm pretty sure he gave the best, best man speech I have ever heard. So when it was time for Kate, Lori's Maid of Honor, to follow Tyson's speech the whole room was all ears. And don't worry she killed it as well. 😉 And once the party got started, um who has a conga line at their wedding? These two did and I think almost all of the guests were in the line at one point!
Lori and Brian – thank you for sharing your wedding day with me, for showing your unconditional love for each other, and being the amazing, wonderful people you are.


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Queer Review: One Day At A Time
Posted byQueer Quality February 11, 2018 March 3, 2018 Posted inUncategorizedTags:featured, Isabella Gomez, lesbian, netflix, non-binary, ODAAT, One Day At A Time, queer media, queer review, queerquality, Sheridan Pierce, TV Show
**This post (and all Queer Review posts) will definitely contain spoilers. Read at your own risk!**
By now, you've probably heard of the Netflix show One Day At A Time. If you haven't, you're either not on Tumblr or don't have enough free time to binge watch shows on Netflix. If that is the case, we are very sorry.
One Day At A Time is a Netflix reboot/ reimagining of a mid-70's to mid-80's TV sitcom of the same name, that lasted nine seasons.
Like the original series, ODAAT tells the story of a single mom raising her two children, while balancing work and her personal life, with the help of her elderly mother and their oddly charming apartment superintendent, Schneider. Other than a handful of similar plot points (and the incredibly talented Mackenzie Phillips), the Netflix ODAAT differs from it's predecessor completely.
The most obvious difference is found in the diversity of it's characters. The Netflix reboot follows the lives of a Cuban-American family, the Alvarez's, as they navigate through life dealing with issues such as PTSD, substance abuse, mental health difficulties, immigration trouble and racial insensitivity. All of these are important topics that are touched on with extreme care and thought by both the writers and actors portraying these characters. It is worth noting that storylines such as these were not often found on television in the time of the original series and seeing topics such as these on any show today, shows an improvement in our understanding of these issues in our culture.
ODAAT goes even further than this though. One character in particular, Elena Alvarez (played by Isabella Gomez), peaked our interest here at Queer Quality.
In the first season, Elena's character slowly begins to understand and accept her own sexuality. As many queer identifying people will admit, the first time you say out loud to yourself that you might be gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans or however you may identify, is both terrifying and liberating. Elena does so in a conversation with herself, only for her confession to be overheard by her younger brother, Alex. Accepting something new and different about yourself can be difficult and needing to defend that can be scary. Thankfully for Elena, Alex accepted her still secret sexuality, and went on his merry way as a pre-teen.
Throughout the remainder of the first season, Elena comes out to the rest of her family, all of whom have different reactions. Penelope, Elena's mother, wants to accept her queer identity but struggles with it, until ultimately realizing there is no real difference in Elena.
Lydia, Elena's grandmother, has a 30 second internal rebound about her granddaughter's sexuality. By far one of the funniest moments ever to be found in a coming out story, Lydia's dialogue about how her religion preaches to love everyone and questioning "who am I to go against the Pope?" makes us wish all religiously intolerant people would watch this show.
After gaining the acceptance of her mother, brother, and grandmother, Elena's self esteem and confidence in who she is soars. It is not until her father, Victor, comes home from Afghanistan, that Elena comes face to face with homophobia for the first time. Thinking that her father would react similarly as the rest of her family did, she proudly admits that she is gay without much hesitation. Unfortunately, Victor's reaction is one too often found, both in real life and in coming out stories in TV shows and movies; he tells her she's confused, that this is just a phase and is quick to blame his soon to be ex-wife for the "problem" that their daughter has. Victor wants her "confusion" to be kept a secret from the rest of his family that has come into town for Elena's Quinces (her 15th birthday party). After Lydia alters Elena's traditional Quinceañera dress to a tailored pantsuit, Victor disappears before the Father-Daughter Dance, ultimately leaving the rest of the family (and Schneider) to step in and save the day.
The coming out storyline of Elena Alvarez is incredibly important for young queer identifying people to see. It offers a glance at many reactions by important people in a young LGBTQ+ persons life. Too often we only see the story arcs of a teenage gay kid being kicked out of the house or being bullied at school, or the opposite, where the queer kid is the most popular in school and their coming out is either not a shock or completely accepted by everyone, because everyone they love is inclusive. Though both of these scenarios do exist, it leaves out so many other possibilities.
Some, like Elena's younger brother, won't necessarily care because they realize that a person's sexuality doesn't change who they are as a person. They might even be a little curious as to what it all means and have questions. (Please, PLEASE, do not Google "lesbians." Definitely NSFW). Others, no matter how much they love and accept you, may struggle with your sexuality. Not because they think it's wrong or against their religious beliefs, but simply because they never expected it and don't know how to navigate uncharted territory. They will learn and you can help them. And we all want a family member like Lydia.
Still, it is important to acknowledge that even your closest loved ones may turn their backs on you once you find the courage to be outwardly proud of who you are. It is important that when that happens you stick with those people who say "they got you." They are out there. Lean on them.
By season two, Elena is out, proud and loud about her sexuality, so much so that every family member makes a point of mentioning how loud she is about it at some point (all in love, of course). And though we didn't expect season two, to be anymore progressive than the first, once again the writers knocked our expectations out of the park, by adding a non-binary character, Syd, played by Sheridan Pierce. Syd and Elena ultimately end up dating, in the cutest relationship ever might we add. The show pokes fun at the confusion Cis-people have at non-binary pronouns in a way that makes us laugh, without being insulting. We get it, it can be tough. Once again, the Alvarez family comes through, fully accepting, if not a little confused.
And though we all held our breath at the end of season two, we cannot wait to see what is in store for Elena, Syd, and the whole Alvarez familia (Schneider included, of course).
ODAAT offers a unique experience for the friends and family members of queer youth, that other shows have not yet fully been able to develop. Characters that THEY identify with. So often when an LGBTQ+ character is introduced into a show or movie and their coming out becomes a story arc, the focus remains on creating a queer character that real life queer identifying people can relate to. ODAAT does this. However, this show goes one step further by offering different reactions from every character that Elena comes out to. It leaves open the possibility for conversations between Elena and each character about her sexuality and the exploration of what that means to have a gay child, sibling, friend, or granddaughter. Because of this, it is our opinion that ODAAT is #QueerQuality entertainment, for both LGBTQ+ people and their loved ones.
For those struggling to come to terms with how to come out, this would be a great show to watch with loved ones to gauge their reaction to Elena's own admittance of her sexuality. Of course we want to emphasize that a person should only ever come out when they want to, to whom they wish, and only if they feel safe enough to do so. We are simply suggesting ODAAT as a possible talking point when and if you feel you need one, to help in your own coming out. And not that this should need to be said, but never out another individual.
Overall, our #QueerQuality expectations were blown away by how inclusive and diverse One Day At A Time really is. Far beyond that of the queer story of Elena Alvarez, this show offers a unique telling of an ethnically diverse, culturally rich family, struggling with real life problems just like everyone else. Anyone and everyone can enjoy this show and that is what makes it great. It has a little bit of something for everyone!
Seasons one and two are available on Netflix now. Season three will premiere sometime in 2019.
Follow the show on Twitter @OneDayAtATime.
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Mid-century décor is back in a big way— from sophisticated style of the 30s, deco elegance of the 40s, avant-garde timber furniture of the 50s, to the retro trendiness of the 60s, each era has its individual aesthetic and ambience to impart. Seating of the 40s and 50s was bold, expressive and intriguing. Designers broke the mould and began creating pieces that would push the limits of expectation and imagination, and in turn challenged their audience with dramatic shifts in traditional thinking. Whether you are trying to make a statement or not, why not choose an iconic piece of furniture for your domestic space, as well as a piece of furniture design history.
Take a look at the following examples of iconic seats below, and think about bringing a little energy and verve to your interior today.
This retro seat is reminiscent of the Plank armchair originally designed by Hans Wegner. Iconic in its design, this seat has inspired many similar and derivative designs. A 50s style chair, this vintage classic would look perfect as a statement piece or pair within any modern, contemporary, or traditional space. Choose an upholstered hue that is in keeping with your surrounding décor, and ensure the chair has ample space upon which to assert itself within the room.
Possibly one of the most iconic chairs of our modern time, the Egg Chair, designed by Arne Jacobsen, fuses a sense of style, unpredictability and elegance into the space. A sophisticated design that has endured many changing fads and fashions, the Egg Chair maintains its impressiveness and works as any stylish feature in a number of different interior designs.
Another Wegner classic, this Wishbone Chair, presents a stylish dining chair option that is comfortable, attractive and interesting. Taking its name from the obviously wishbone-esque design of the seat back, this piece of iconic furniture is effortless and minimal, yet provides an intriguing depth and interest to the space.
The modular couch is so widespread and popular these days that we forget its history. Designed in the 1940s by American Harvey Probber, the modular or sectional seating option is a fabulous way to infuse a space with convenience and style. With countless options and styles available it can be tricky knowing which will suit the space and work well. Try a couch in a resilient yet neutral tone. This dark taupe-hued option is a wonderful addition to the space and offers a large amount of seating for the room.
A common sight in countless stylish dining rooms, the DSW chair was design in the '30s by husband and wife Charles and Ray Eames. This chair was originally constructed of a fibreglass shell and is since reproduced in a high-tech polycarbonate. Made to accommodate those looking for low cost seating, the DSW has cemented itself as a classic and a popular iconic statement. Place this chair in a heritage or contemporary setting, and watch the space transform into something captivating, attention-grabbing and modish.
A modern chair currently produced by Archer and Company, this armchair makes a perfect addition to a stylish traditional space. The reclined nature of this seat evokes a sense of relaxation and comfort, while the linear chrome arms are sleek and delicate. What works best about this interior is the contrast between the old and new. The heritage fireplace is contrasted against a white floor lamp, while the art deco circular mirror coordinates with the modern style of the chair. Moreover, the dark timber floorboards exude glamour and history, imparting a sense of luxury and sophistication.
Throughout his furniture designing career, Hans Wegner managed to produce a startling number of iconic pieces, and the Papa Bear Chair is no exception. Named the Papa Bear for its ability to 'hug' its occupant, this chair is a great statement piece of furniture and a welcome addition to this loft conversion in New York. The chair is a showpiece and an alluring choice for the space, evoking old-world comfort in a sleek and contemporary space.
Can't decide which chair is right for you? Too many colours, style and options? Choose them all and combine your iconic chair selection into an interesting dining space. This room has done just that—from the traditional armchair, and the Eames DSW, this room is fascinating and conversation starting.


text:
module Trackman
  module Utility
    autoload :Configuration, 'trackman/utility/configuration'
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Producer Aamir Khan, director Anusha Rizvi and the cast of Peepli [Live] were recently honored with a request for a special screening of the film by the Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh. This was indeed an honor because Dr. Singh does not watch films on a regular basis and this was only the fourth film he has watched in 7 years.
To fulfill Dr. Singh's wish Aamir Khan along with Ronnie Screwvala, Anusha Rizvi and Omkardas Manikpuri, who essays the role of Natha in the film and Raghubir Yadav, who plays Budhia in the film, went to Dr. Singh's residence on Sunday, to show him the film. Dr. Singh saw the film with his family and few select guests.
The film has opened to rave reviews in India and will release in the UK later this month.
We have exclusive pictures from the screening, check them out!


text:
Q: Calculating the variance of a population
The following sample shows 10 different values for the voltage of a
  cable:
57, 64,  68,  66,  54,  60,  48,  46,  75,  62
Find the mean and the variance of the population.

My professor did this

Why didn't he use this formula for the variance?

I suppose that the fact that it asks for the variance of the population and not of the sample probably has something to do with it but I don't understand.

A: First of all we have
$$s^2=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n (x_i-\overline x)^2}{n} =\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n x_i^2-n\cdot \overline x^2}{n} $$
This is the variance of a sample and a $\textrm{biased}$ estimator for the variance of the population. Now we want an $\textrm{unbiased}$ estimator $s_u^2$ for the variance of the population. This is
$$s_u^2=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n (x_i-\overline x)^2}{n-1} =\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^n x_i^2-n\cdot \overline x^2}{n-1}$$
$s_u^2$ is unbiased since $\mathbb E\left(s_u^2 \right)=\mu$

A: That's because you don't have the population, just a sample with size n = 10. Now, this is important, 'n' is the size of the sample, and 'N' is the size of the population which you don't have. So, since you don't have the population itself you can't use the $\sigma^2$ formula because it requires some informations of the population as 'N' to work. Most of the time we don't have the information of the population itself, so we need to work with a sample to estimate parameters of that population, and the best estimators for the mean of the population is $\bar{X}$ and for the variance is $S^2$, because they attend some criteria that good estimators have, some examples of those criterias are unbiasnedness, consistency, efficience, minimium variance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The NRH27C extends the company's recently-introduced NRH271 and NRH272 family and shares many similar features and benefits. These include a low-profile sensor body, small footprint, CANbus J1939 communications and a fully encapsulated, IP69K-rated design that offers exceptional performance against water, dust, shock, vibration and temperature. This makes the range ideal for use by OEMs of on- and off-highway vehicles that are destined for use in challenging environments, and as a cost-effective solution for medium volume applications where a degree of customisation may be required.
Within the CAN messaging structure of the vehicle, the NRH27C's two independent Hall-effect sensing signals allow for error checking of the positional data, which addresses the needs of safety-critical applications. Additionally, an on-board diagnostic function means predefined error messages can be sent to define the present state of the sensor. The versatile, factory-programmable electronics can also be easily set to different Baud rate, Node ID and Frame rates according to system requirements.


text:
369 Oliver Street Williams Lake British Columbia V2G 1M4 CA
Big Brothers & Big Sisters of Williams Lake is dedicated to providing innovative mentoring programs, which build healthy relationships for children and youth.
soccer.jpg 3 years ago
51A 4th Ave. S., Williams Lake, BC V2G 2V2, Canada
Tŝilhqot'in Community Radio
79 3rd Ave. N., Williams Lake, BC V2G 2A3 CA
http://www.tsilhqotin.ca/news-media/radio
We are an Indigenous broadcasting group supporting revitalization and restoration of Tŝilhqot'in...
197 2nd Ave. N. Unit 102, Williams Lake, British Columbia, V2G 1Z5
Cariboo Chilcotin Coast Tourism Association
350 Barnard St. Unit 204, Williams Lake. British Columbia, V2G 4T9
https://landwithoutlimits.com/
Stretching across south-central British Columbia from the Cariboo Mountains in the east to the Ce...
Potato House
Amenities Community
49 Borland St., Williams Lake, BC V2G 1P9 Canada
http://www.potatohouseproject.com/
The Potato House Project is a community initiative to celebrate one of the last standing downtown...
Indigenous Counselling & Consulting Services
Northern Shuswap Tribal Council
https://nstq.ca/
Salvation Army Drop-In Centre
https://www.facebook.com/TheSalvationArmyDropin...
The Drop In Center is a save place for men and women over the age of 16. At the Drop In Center, p...
90 4th Ave. N., Williams Lake, BC V2G 2C6 Canada
The Royal Canadian Legion
The Royal Canadian Legion is a not-for-profit Canadian ex-service organization (veterans organiza...
Cariboo Chilcotin Metis Association
Tsilhqot'in National Government
253 4th Ave. N., Williams Lake, BC V2G 4T4 Canada
https://www.tsilhqotin.ca/
Cariboo Friendship Society
99 3rd Ave. S., Williams Lake, BC V2G 1J1 Canada
http://cariboofriendshipsociety.ca/
72 7th Ave. S., Williams Lake, BC V2G 4N5 Canada
302-172 2nd Ave. N., Williams Lake, BC V2G 1Z6, Canada
525 Proctor St., Williams Lake, BC V2G 4J1 Canada
Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council
http://carrierchilcotin.org/
Williams Lake First Nation
lisa.camille@williamslakeband.ca
http://williamslakeband.ca/
The Williams Lake First Nation (WLFN), or the T'exelcemc (people of WLFN) have belonged to the Se...
Cariboo Chilcotin Child Development Centre
690 2nd Ave. N., Williams Lake, BC V2G 4C4 Canada
https://www.ccchild.org/
Exploring the Puddle Early Learning Centre
https://www.exploringthepuddle.ca/
Williams Lake Stampede Association
800 Mackenzie Ave. S, Williams Lake, BC V2G 2V2 Canada
https://williamslakestampede.com/
Indian Residential School Survivor Society
https://www.irsss.ca/
369 Oliver St. Unit 207, Williams Lake, BC V2G 1Z5 Canada
Axis Family Resources
321 2nd Ave. N., Williams Lake, BC V2G 2A1 Canada
http://axis.bc.ca/
Welcome to Axis Family Resources. Our Mission is to be the leader in the delivery of community so...
369 Oliver St, Williams Lake, BC, Canada 0 km
369 Oliver St. Unit 207, Williams Lake, BC V2G 1Z5 Canada 0 km
369 Oliver St. Unit 101B, Williams Lake, BC V2G 1M4 Canada 0 km
369 Oliver St. Unit 203, Williams Lake, BC V2G 1M4 Canada 0 km
369 Oliver St. Unit 100A, Williams Lake, BC V2G 1M4 CA 0 km
369 Oliver St., Williams Lake, BC V2G 1M4, Canada 0 km
Laureen Carruthers Photography
8 3rd Ave. S, Williams Lake, BC V2G 1H9 CA 0.05 km
http://laureencarruthersphotography.com/
Laureen is a passionate and creative artist who has developed a special ability to capture the e...
Mercantile Mural
8 3rd Ave. S., Williams Lake, BC V2G 1H9 Canada 0.05 km
Artist: Dwayne Davis, 2012 Funded by: Downtown Williams Lake BIA, Cariboo Friendship Society and ...
Orica Canada Inc.
28 3rd Ave. S., Williams Lake, BC V2G 1H9 Canada 0.07 km
289 Third Avenue North, Williams Lake, BC V2G 2A6, Canada 0.07 km
#6 - 160 Oliver St, Williams Lake, BC V2G 1L8, Canada 0.07 km
310 Oliver St, Williams Lake, BC V2G 4C2, Canada 0.08 km
Cari-Zoo Mural
Artists: Tiffany Jorgensen & Sarah Sigurdson Funded by: Downtown Williams Lake – Rural ...
Cariboo Carbon Solutions
302-383 Oliver St, Williams Lake, BC, Canada 0.08 km
https://cariboocarbon.com/
Canada's forests play a key role in drawing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in trees an...
Cariboo Chilcotin Partners for Literacy
30 3 Ave N, Williams Lake, BC V2G 2A2, Canada 0.08 km
info@caribooliteracy.com
Cariboo Chilcotin Partners for Literacy (CCPL) Non-profit Society is made up of community members...
29a 3rd Avenue South, Williams Lake, BC, Canada 0.09 km
Legends of the 75th
29A 3rd Ave. S., Williams Lake, BC V2G 1J1 Canada 0.09 km
Artist: Dwayne Davis, 2004 Funded by: Communities in Bloom, City of Williams Lake, Peterson Contr...
Carolina Reiffolo Aesthetician
29a 3 Ave. S., Williams Lake, BC V2G 1J1, Canada 0.09 km
Roadhouse Mural
Artist: Dwayne Davis, 2014 Funded by: Downtown Williams Lake BIA and City of Williams Lake on Wil...


This post categorized under Necklaces and posted on February 17th, 2018.
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After being taken down twice by Blogger within a single week we got the message Its Time To Go. Gates of Vienna has moved to a new addressA pair of Elizabethan TAMARIN vintage fine bone china saucers. Floral pattern on white. Made in England. 2x saucers 5.75in across. This item is located at the warehouse.Latest breaking news including politics crime and celebrity. Find stories updates and expert opinion.
Download our exclusive games and feel free to add them on your websitesEasy Migrations the Re-Platform Remastered. We create growth with every re-platform. And it doesnt take months it takes hours or days. We can jewelry up a Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer Philadelphia Daily News and Philly.com.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Aurora.Profiles.CSGO.GSI.Nodes
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Class representing player information
    /// </summary>
    public class PlayerNode : Node
    {
        internal string _SteamID;

        /// <summary>
        /// Player's steam ID
        /// </summary>
        public string SteamID { get { return _SteamID; } }

        /// <summary>
        /// Observer Slot
        /// </summary>
        public int ObserverSlot;

        /// <summary>
        /// Player's name
        /// </summary>
        public string Name;

        /// <summary>
        /// Player's team
        /// </summary>
        public PlayerTeam Team;

        /// <summary>
        /// Player's clan tag
        /// </summary>
        public string Clan;

        /// <summary>
        /// Player's current activity state
        /// </summary>
        public PlayerActivity Activity;

        /// <summary>
        /// Player's current weapons
        /// </summary>
        public WeaponsNode Weapons;

        /// <summary>
        /// Player's match statistics
        /// </summary>
        public MatchStatsNode MatchStats;

        /// <summary>
        /// Player's state information
        /// </summary>
        public PlayerStateNode State;

        internal PlayerNode(string JSON)
            : base(JSON)
        {
            _SteamID = GetString("steamid");
            ObserverSlot = GetInt("observer_slot");
            Name = GetString("name");
            Team = GetEnum<PlayerTeam>("team");
            Clan = GetString("clan");
            State = new PlayerStateNode(_ParsedData?.SelectToken("state")?.ToString() ?? "{}");
            Weapons = new WeaponsNode(_ParsedData?.SelectToken("weapons")?.ToString() ?? "{}");
            MatchStats = new MatchStatsNode(_ParsedData?.SelectToken("match_stats")?.ToString() ?? "{}");
            Activity = GetEnum<PlayerActivity>("activity");
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Enum for various player activities
    /// </summary>
    public enum PlayerActivity
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Undefined
        /// </summary>
        Undefined,

        /// <summary>
        /// In a menu
        /// </summary>
        Menu,

        /// <summary>
        /// In a game
        /// </summary>
        Playing,

        /// <summary>
        /// In a console/chat
        /// </summary>
        TextInput
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Enum for each team
    /// </summary>
    public enum PlayerTeam
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Undefined
        /// </summary>
        Undefined,

        /// <summary>
        /// Terrorist team
        /// </summary>
        T,

        /// <summary>
        /// Counter-Terrorist team
        /// </summary>
        CT
    }
}


Grade B units may have small surface-level imperfections that are likely not immediately visible from a hand-to-eye distance. Please see gallery photos for examples.
Made in one of two factories in Italy or Germany.
Made in Italy, premium quality Alpina wheel center caps in 65mm diameter. Sold each. Free domestic shipping option available!


text:
IBEW LOCAL UNION 71 — GROVE CITY, OHIO
PROUD UNION WORKERS
BRYAN STAGE — BUSINESS MANAGER
Groundman
FairPoint
Tree Trimmers
New AFL-CIO Trade Video Warns That TPP Would Double Down on NAFTA's Economic Devastation
The Working People Weekly List
Trump and Veterans
Working People in Unions Stand with LGBTQ Brothers and Sisters Against Discrimination
Bangladesh: Garment Workers, Unions Demand Justice on Anniversary of Activist's Murder
Working Familes at Verizon Strike for a Better Workplace
The Department of Education Just Did Something Major for Americans with Disabilities
What Colombia Can Teach Us About the TPP
$15 an Hour Is Only Part of the Answer
Judge Rules Right to Work Violates Wisconsin Constitution: Winners and Losers of the Week
Feb 01, 2020:
LOCAL 71 CHARTERED 1954
Dayton Meeting
Cincinnati Meeting
Warren Meeting
Norwalk Meeting
Cleveland Meeting
E-Board Meeting
Columbus Meeting
Welcome to IBEW Local Union # 71
The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) is a labor union which represents nearly 750,000 workers and retirees [1] in the electrical industry in the United States, Canada,[3] Panama,[4] Guam[5][6] and Wake Island. and several Caribbeanisland nations; particularly electricians, or Inside Wiremen, in the construction industry and linemen and other employees of public utilities. The union also represents some workers in the computer, telecommunications, broadcasting, and other fields related to electrical work. It was founded in 1891 shortly after homes and businesses in the United States began receiving electricity. Its international president is Lonnie R. Stephenson. The IBEW is affiliated with the AFL-CIO.
The beginnings of the IBEW were in the Electrical Wiremen and Linemen's Union No. 5221, founded in St. Louis, Missouri in 1890.[7][8] By 1891, after sufficient interest was shown in a national union, a convention was held on November 21, 1891 in St. Louis. At the convention, the IBEW, then known as the National Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (NBEW), was officially formed. The American Federation of Labor gave the NBEW a charter as an AFL affiliate on December 7, 1891. The union's official journal, The Electrical Worker, was first published on January 15, 1893, and has been published ever since. At the 1899 convention in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania, the union's name was officially changed to the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.
The union went through lean times in its early years, then struggled through six years of schism during the 1910s, when two rival groups each claimed to be the duly elected leaders of the union. In 1919, as many employers were trying to drive unions out of the workplace through a national open shop campaign, the union agreed to form the Council on Industrial Relations, a bipartite body made up of equal numbers of management and union representatives with the power to resolve any collective bargaining disputes. That body still functions today and has largely eliminated strikes in the IBEW's jurisdiction in the construction industry.
3403 Farm Bank Way / Grove City, Ohio 43123 / Phone (614)539-1394
THIS SITE IS UNION MADE BY WEB CONNECTIVITY


text:
Q: Why won't .datatables sort properly? I am using the jquery plugin .dataTables and cannot get it to sort properly. After reading similar questions on stack overflow I am still confused and need help! I am posting the code below. Any help would be appreciated.  Here is the portion of html for the table:

        Store Name
        District Manager
        Store ID
        Payday
        Title
        Payday/Title Total

<?php
foreach($bigQuery as $i => $row) {
    $total = $row['mtd_payday'] + $row['mtd_title'];
    echo "
" . "" . $row['store_name'] . "	";
    echo "" . $row['district_manager'] . "	";
    echo "" . $row['store_id'] . "	";
    echo "" . money_format('%.2n',  $row['mtd_payday']) . "	";
    echo "" . money_format('%.2n',  $row['mtd_title']) . "	";
    echo "" . money_format('%.2n',  $total) . "	" . "
";
    $total = "";
} ?>

I am populating the table with data from a query. the javascript for the table is below:

I am a new programmer and totally new to the .dataTables plugin. When I try to use the sort buttons at the top of the table, it does not sort properly.

A: Datatables should sort by default. That leads me to believe that there is a problem with your html syntax.
After checking I noticed that your ending
 in
 is incorrect. Add the / and make it

After seeing your picture, it is sorting it and treating the columns as strings. In order to change the data-type of a column for sorting, you need to add sType to the columns. The default supported types are string, numeric, date and html.
The code should be changed to:
var table = $('#balances').DataTable({
    "aoColumns": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        { "sType": "numeric" },
        { "sType": "numeric" },
        { "sType": "numeric" }
    ],
    tableTools: {
        "sSwfPath": "../copy_csv_xls_pdf.swf"
    }
});


text:
package com.coolweather.app;

public class Activity {

}


In a surprise move, the half-time DCMS Specialist Advisor for Libraries, Yinnon Ezra, has announced he is leaving his job after just one year. Yinnon has worked largely behind the scenes in the last year but has – among other things – written a couple of interestingly useful blog posts and spoken at the Library Campaign conference. However, it is questionable how much he could have achieved in just one year and in a part-time capacity. Whatever has been done, the decision leaves a vacancy as the libraries advisor to Ed Vaizey which may or may not be filled. The post itself is a quasi replacement for the abolished Advisory Council for Libraries which, it turned out, was a statutory requirement. A consultation about its abolition, although promised, has still not materialised.
Oxfordshire – Sonning Common Library manager to be made full-time but all other staff to be replaced by volunteers.
Wolverhampton – Cut in budget of over half: target is £1.7 million cut. Cut in opening hours of one third, from 656 to 421 hours per week. Bilston, Warstones and Wednesfield libraries would be staffed for 39 hours a week, Finchfield and Tettenhall for 30 hours and Ashmore Park, Pendeford and Penn libraries for 24 hours.
Video book reviews from "reading activists" – Halton.
Is it that time already? – CLOA. The closing thoughts of Yinnon Ezra on his work as Specialist Advisor for Libraries for the DCMS. Key achievement was to get local authorities dealing with library cuts to talk to and learn from eachother. "I have been very impressed at the process colleagues in DCMS go through when assessing if a local authority is in breach of the 1964 Act. Believe me, it is a really painstaking process and I have seen just how aware they are of their legal duties." Question over "whether the current model of local government finance is still viable".
Future of libraries – Carnegie UK Trust. "In September 2013, the Trust was delighted to host a seminar with Nate Hill of Chattanooga Library on 'Rapid Library Transformation'. You can watch a short interview with Nate which captures many of the points covered in the seminar.
Brent – Liberal Democrats pledge to reopen closed libraries if they win council elections – Brent and Kilburn Times. "The promise will be a key part of the party's manifesto as it battles to takeover the town hall chambers on May 22 this year. The current Labour administration closed Barham, Cricklewood, Preston, Neasden, Kensal Rise and Tokyngton libraries in 2011 to save £1million. Cllr Paul Lorber, leader of the Brent Lib Dems, told the Times the cost of reopening five of the six branches would cost in the region of £400,000, which will be budgeted for if his party won the election.". Volunteers would be involved if the Lib Dems win power.
Stockton – Reduced opening hours at libraries in borough of Stockton in near year – Northern Echo. Libraries "across the borough of Stockton will have reduced opening hours in the New Year. From Monday, January 6 libraries at Fairfield, Roseworth, Thornaby, Egglescliffe and Billingham will have new timetables and both Stockton Central and Thornaby Central Libraries will no longer open on Sundays".
Print article This entry was posted by Ian Anstice on January 8, 2014 at 10:01 pm, and is filed under Uncategorized. Follow any responses to this post through RSS 2.0. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.


text:
Finland Green Party Loses 50 Members Over Legalization
Meanwhile, at least 20 others have joined the Greens, and a vigorous nationwide debate has been ignited.
Psychotropicon
International • Legalization
The Green Party of Finland has lost more than 50 members since the weekend, after the party voted for an initiative calling for the legalisation of Cannabis.
The Greens approved the initiative by a very narrow margin of 183 votes to 181. It has sparked widespread debate over the issue in the days since the vote, reports thew news group Uutissuomalainen.
Meanwhile, the party reported it gained just under 20 new members since the weekend. But Party secretary Veli Liikanen confirmed on Wednesday that more people so far have left the party than joined.
Teasons for the resignations were not provided in every case, Liikanen said. But he believed most of those who left the party did so precisely because of the call to legalize Cannabis..
However, Liikanen told Uutissuomalainen that the number of resignations is still relatively small when compared to 7,900 members.
Green Party Is First In Finland To Endorse Legalization
Pekka Hakkarainen is a research professor at the National Institute for Health and Welfare, specializing in drug policy. He considers the cannabis legalization initiative a significant, but not very surprising move.
"There is a growing debate in the world about Cannabis, and in several countries policy has changed radically," Hakkarainen said.
The Greens are the first parliamentary party in Finland to push for the legalization of cannabis.
According to Hakkarainen, only about one-fifth of Finns believe that Cannabis should be legally available. Legalization is most popular among young adults: 34 percent of 25-34 year-olds believe that marijuana should be legally available for any purpose. The data is from a 2018 population survey.
Attitudes towards Cannabis have become more permissive over the years, Hakkarainen said.
According to THL, the proportion of those who have tried Cannabis has also grown rapidly from generation to generation. Eight percent of people in Finland born in the 1950s reported having tried cannabis, compared with 42 percent of those born in the 1980s.
'Not Ready For That Yet'?
Hakkarainen takes a cautious approach to legalizing the use, possession, production, and sale of Cannabis.
"In my opinion, the Finnish population is not ready for that yet. There is no broad support for it," the professor claimed. "We have had a total ban on [illicit drug use] for more than 50 years, and when it is changed, we will not know exactly what will follow," Hakkarainen told Yle.
Well, Prof? It's not some big mystery. If you'd like to see existing, functioning models of Cannabis legalization, just take a look at Canada, Uruguay, and half the United States.
Some consequences of legalization are already evident, according to Hakkarainen.
"Prisons have been significantly emptied. There has been more need for [drug-related] hospital care, but [cannabis] use by young people does not seem to have increased, and the changes seem to affect the adult population," he said.
The initiative has not progressed since it went to Parliament. It's not yet clear how the Green Party will push for legalization. There is no mention of Cannabis in the program of the current coalition government of which the Greens are a member.
Hakkarainen Favors Canabis Decriminalization
Professor Hakkarainen, like many other researchers, advocates the decriminalization of Cannabis.
In a 2018 blog post, Hakkarainen endorsed decriminalizing the use of Cannabis and other illicit drugs. In practice, this would mean that drug use would not carry penalties.
Police catch even very occasional users of Cannabis, according to Hakkarainen. "This has a significant impact on the lives of young people, he said.
If criminality were waived, the issue of drug use could be raised more easily, for example, in schools or occupational health care. Current policies drive people to hide their use to the bitter end."
https://leafmagazines.com/news/legalization/finland-green-party-loses-50-members-over-legalization/