text:
Treed cougar in the Sled Springs Unit, Oregon in 2008. Recent research in the Starkey Experimental Forest near La Grande examined interactions between cougars and other predators, and their effects on mule deer and elk populations.
David Bronson/Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
A mule deer buck.
Jayson Jacoby/Baker City Herald, File
Recent research in the Starkey Experimental Forest near La Grande examined interactions between cougars and other predators, and their effects on mule deer and elk populations.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife/Contributed Photo, File
Research study cause for mule deer decline
By KATY NESBITT For EO Media Group
Dec 15, 2021 Updated Dec 17, 2021
STARKEY — A study looking into predator-prey interaction at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in Union County revealed fascinating insight into more than predation on deer and elk, such as the dynamics between competing carnivores.
To answer why mule deer are declining at Starkey and across Northeastern Oregon, researchers are looking at possible contributors, including the role of predators. According to OSU associate professor Taal Levi, who served as an adviser to a 2016-2020 study led by Joel Ruprecht, an Oregon State University wildlife science doctoral student, the study included collaring a sampling of carnivores, monitoring deer and elk kill sites via game cameras and analyzing scat to determine what predators living within the 40-square-mile experimental forest and range were eating.
The Starkey forest is encompassed within a fence that keeps deer and elk confined to the area, which allows unique types of research.
"Getting at the answer is a little bit challenging because mule deer compete with elk and are preyed on by multiple species," Levi said.
Of the bears, cougars, bobcats and coyotes collared and monitored, Levi said the most interesting results occurred between cougars and coyotes.
"We learned that while coyotes tend to avoid cougars, they are strongly attracted to cougar kill sites," he said.
Analyzing their scat provided further evidence that coyotes are eating elk. Levi said coyotes don't typically kill elk past their young calf stage, but video recordings showed more that 90% of cougar kills were scavenged by coyotes.
This method of eating out is not without its challenges for the opportunistic coyotes. Levi said 7% of the dead coyotes discovered during the study were found at cougar kill sites, and between 20% and 23% of the Starkey coyotes were killed by cougars.
"There's a risk to getting a 'free lunch,'" Levi said.
Interactions among predators
While looking specifically at the impact of predators on ungulates, Ruprecht said the study provided a unique opportunity to learn something new about carnivores.
"Generally predators are studied solely on how they influence prey, but how they influence and interact with each other was my interest," Ruprecht said.
The research showed little interaction with the other two carnivore species in the study — black bears and bobcats. Based on photos, kill site investigations and the lack of elk found in their scat, Starkey bobcats never scavenged on cougar kills.
Ruprecht said bears visited half of the cougar kill sites monitored, but only about one-third of the bear scat surveyed contained elk. No bears were found killed by cougars, leading researchers to believe there was little competition between those two predators.
"They are scavenging, but not like coyotes," Ruprecht said. "My guess is because they use so many other food sources there is less motivation to incur the risk by potentially encountering a cougar."
One of the takeaways, Ruprecht said, was why certain species do scavenge.
"There is risk involved and decisions are made under imperfect knowledge of the proximity of a cougar," he said.
In some cases the coyote knows the cougar is there, Ruprecht said.
"An animal who is starving is going to take more risk to get a meal," Ruprecht said.
Study expands on previous Starkey research
Another reason coyotes may be more prone to scavenge is they are a pack animal while bears and bobcats are not.
"It's the 'many eyes, many ears' hypothesis," Ruprecht said. "They take turns scavenging and take turns keeping watch — and they communicate to alert others of a potential risk or hazard."
Levi said the study is part of a larger body of work the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and the U.S. Forest Service are conducting that includes population dynamics and nutrition as well as the drastic culling of Starkey's three elk herds, through hunting and transplanting.
Mike Wisdom, Starkey ungulate ecology team leader with the Forest Service, said the predator research related to earlier studies from the 1990s and 2000s that indicated interference competition between deer and elk.
"One species might intimidate another into being displaced," Wisdom said.
A series of analyses and publications indicated elk used the landscape in a way that met their needs while mule deer were avoiding elk. Over time, elk changed their use of the landscape, and mule deer moved to other areas elk were not using.
"It became a concern in the fact that mule deer are declining in large areas at Starkey, throughout Eastern Oregon, and across other areas of the U.S.," Wisdom said.
Increasing elk populations might be causing displacement and reduction of mule deer populations as well as reducing the carrying capacity of the landscape to support them nutritionally.
Now that the elk population is a fraction of what it was a few years ago, Wisdom said there are a lot of different possible outcomes among the predators and prey — improved nutrition and body condition, behavioral use of the land, direct interactions and changes in predation.
"Predators could dissipate and lessen their use, particularly cougars, but if we reduce that prey base of elk there may not be a positive response — cougars may just switch to eating mule deer," Wisdom said.
Darren Clark, Starkey Wildlife Research Program leader with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, said for the last seven years the big picture has been to assess competition between elk and mule deer. Over the last three years the elk herd was reduced from 550 head to 75 to see how the mule deer respond.
According to previous work, Clark said, the forage available to the Starkey mule deer doesn't have sufficient calories to meet a doe's energetic demands during peak lactation, resulting in poor body condition.
"If deer shift habitat use, will their body condition and fawn survival increase?" Clark asked.
With the elk herds reduced by 80%, Clark said Fish and Wildlife will gather its first data set next year from fawns collared in 2021.


Technology is advancing, people's perceptions are changing, and your competition just rebranded their business premises… you definitely need a refresh!
BOSS has handled refreshes, facelifts, refurbishments and remodels for years using the best tools and resources available. Our refresh services include painting, lighting, flooring, new fixtures, etc., and everything in between, from "soup to nuts". We project management the entire refresh so you can concentrate on your business. You pay for a worry free, complete, one-package job.
We respect your premises' original architecture, doing a job that predicts well with what both your employees and customers want in a business environment.
BOSS understands every crucial every single hour that your business premise is open is. That is why we will handle all the refreshes and facelifts with no interruption whatsoever to its running. We handle these projects in many ways. Open store, overnight or when the facility might be closed. Our job is to ensure little to no impact to your day to day functionality.


text:
Enjoy Corn
Many have seen the viral video of "Corn Kid" sharing all of the reasons he loves corn. Here at Seward Co-op, we agree with all of his reasons and more for appreciating the delicious and versatile vegetable and grain.
Corn was originally known as maize and was domesticated in Southern Mexico, and it has become a food staple for people all over the world. It can be used for animal feed, fuel, distilled into alcohol, and its starch and sugars can be used in cooking. Corn also has cultural significance to indigenous people in Mexico and the United States today.
Past and Present Indigenous Significance
Around 10,000 years ago, corn's early form was called "teosinte," a wild grass that translated to "grain of the gods." There were gods and goddesses in pre-Colonial Mexican culture that were among the most important deities to the Aztecs, Mayans, and others. Since domestication, corn has shown it is still king in Mexico. It is eaten in many ways, from tortillas to masa for tamales and sopes, to elotes, and hot, sweet drinks like atole and champurrado.
In the United States, many Indigenous nations worshipped for bountiful corn harvests. The domestication of corn also allowed some to put down roots and shift from a nomadic lifestyle to one that was more farming-based. There are many oral legends passed down about corn from Indigenous nations, and it plays a cultural and spiritual role as much as providing sustenance.
Familiar and New Ways to Use Corn
Few things beat freshly shucked and roasted, grilled, or boiled cobs of corn. At Seward Co-op we're glad there are many more ways to enjoy corn that include all of its parts.
Corn Cobs – Corn Stock and Jelly
When making a corn chowder the kernels are removed, but don't ditch those cobs! Get all of the flavor out of corn cobs for your soup or chowder by boiling the cobs to make a corn stock. This will take your soup to the next level! Corn stock can also easily be turned into corn jelly with pectin and sugar which is delicious on biscuits.
Corn Husks – Tamales
Gather family together for an all-hands-on-deck tamale making party! Husks, or "hojas de maiz" in Spanish, are an essential part of the process to keep the masa (corn dough) wrapped for steaming. It takes a little time to learn how to spread masa on a corn husk, but it's worth it to make a bunch of delicious, homemade tamales.
Silk – Corn Silk Tea
Corn silk has been used in Indigenous and traditional Chinese medicine for inflammation and urinary issues. It also has a high nutritional value, full of vitamin K and potassium. Brew chopped corn silk into a tea and enjoy with a squeeze of lemon and honey for extra flavor.
https://seward.coop/enjoy-corn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sober life: How Eminem stays clean and sober
June 18, 2010 / guinevere / 7 Comments
The New York Times put the question straight to the rapper—"How do you stay sober?"—and here's what he said:
My kids, and also I see a rehab counselor once a week. I've been clean for two years.
I don't know Eminem's work. But I'm interested in how people stay clean, and it seems to me the interview gives other clues as to the things Eminem might be practicing to stay sober… • He says he has given up the idea of touring for this album—a huge ego trip—because "Touring is hard on the body. It used to be a big trigger for me with drinking and drugging." (surrender) • He says he's "calmed down a bit" from the boy who called women "bitches" and "hos"—he admits that he once felt those things at one time, but that his "overall look on things is a lot more mature than it used to be." (awareness of character defects) • He says that he saves and invests his money: "I try to treat all the money I'm making like it's the last time I'm going to make it." (responsibility) • He sloughs off the interviewer's compliment that he's been praised for his "complex rhyme schemes" and demurs when asked if he reads poetry, saying, "I'm not really book-smart." He also says he "felt like Bugs Bunny in rehab" because people were stealing his stuff and pestering him for autographs, "and I couldn't concentrate on my problem." (humility) He's also able to call himself a good dad. He does this in "Not Afraid," the first song he released from the album (watch the video here). Humility is knowing what you are and what you aren't. The root of the word "humble" is the Latin word, humus, the soil—or close to the ground. Just like he's able to say he's "not book-smart," and later in the interview that his music goes back to his "white-trash roots," he's also able to admit now that he's earned the rank of "Good Dad." Cool.
News, Staying Sober
addictioncleanEminemrecoverysober
Researchers say: Quit smoking and relieve your stress levels
Sober life: Making amends to oneself
So-and-so
He also seems to be leaving his homophobia behind. Love & tolerance 🙂
I am so glad you posted this! I love learning about others' journeys in sobriety. For me, the 12 steps and the program are my only answer but I think anybody making the decision to change their life and actually live is amazing and it makes me smile 🙂
I am so grateful that I no longer live my life around my addictions.
Em, I know. I have absolutely no idea about Eminem's work, I should listen to his music (my husband was kind of appalled that I would put him on my blog, he was like, "Isn't he totally homophobic, racist and misogynist??")… But this just seemed to me to be evidence that he's changing… And I love to put evidence out there that people can change. Particularly addicts. Because so many people (including so many addicts) think we CAN'T change… but we can.
Great blog and all the best to you.
Just to answer a couple of points…to suggest Eminem is racist is absolutely ludicrous, and he's never been homophobic either. Listen closely to his early albums and you'll hear they are actually startlingly good works of satire. What they did do, however, was promote drug use as being cool, and that was his only real 'crime'.
Yet one thing Marshall always has been is humble, confessional and brutally honest and I really think that by making his drug battle public it will inspire so many of his fans to try to get clean too. For this he should be admired, amid the sea of celebrities who seek our sympathy in their own battles with drugs yet don't make the effort to change.
Kevin, thanks for posting.
I think it's interesting that you say that "by making his drug battle public it will inspire so many of his fans to try to get clean too." Some people in recovery think we shouldn't be looking at what other people are doing—that our "primary purpose" is to stay sober. I also think the other part of my primary purpose is to help others achieve sobriety, and one way in particular I've been led to do this is to bring attention to the ways the principles are at work in the culture.
And I agree: he should be admired.
Thanks also for your insights about Eminem's work. –G
anakelly71
Thanks for the mentioning to watch the video. This is your another interesting post update I have to love this. Keep updating such a good thing.
johnctoliver
Eminem is a very different person in real life than his stage persona exudes. He's such a humble person and has given a lot back to the city of Detroit. Glad he sees that the money from touring isn't more important than his sobriety. http://www.greatoaksrecovery.com.


WhatsApp has launched a hotline, designed to check the authenticity of the information shared through its service about the upcoming national elections in India.
The service center, which will be run by an Indian IT startup called PROTO, will accept queries by text, photo or video and will work in five languages: English, Hindi, Telugu, Bengali, and Malayalam.
The aim is to revive WhatsApp's reputation as a trustworthy service after multiple fake news scandals last year resulted in mob violence and dozens of deaths in India, where the app boasts around 200 million users. Since then Whatsapp has limited amount of times a user can forward a message, capping it at 5 chats.
Concern is high ahead of the first round of elections starting on April 11 that fake news and disinformation campaigns could play a major disruption in the world's largest democracy.
The fact-check service is called "Checkpoint Tipline." The process, WhatsApp says, should be straight forward. Users will submit messages to a dedicated Checkpoint account. The center will review the query and give the user a response that classifies the submitted piece of message as true, false, misleading, disputed or "out of scope" and unverifiable.
The tipline should also provide the user with more available information related to the subject reviewed.
It is unclear how many staff members will be responding to user queries or how efficient the service will be. It is also unclear how much money WhatsApp has spent to fund this initiative.
WhatsApp has struggled with policing fake news because its end-to-end encryption feature keeps third parties — including fact-checkers — from accessing information shared on the platform.
The PROTO teams will store the fake news results in a database, which will become the basis for an analysis of the spread of misinformation on WhatsApp, the company said.


Taking regular exercise is central to a healthy, happy life, and the effects go much further than just improving physical fitness. As part of a consistent regime, exercise can have a positive impact on general wellbeing, helping to boost the immune system, reduce stress levels, and contribute to better mental health. By far the most convenient way for most of us to get a regular fitness fix is to join a gym. We all need a little motivational nudge when it comes to keeping fit, and a gym offers a fun, encouraging environment where we can work out with other people, join in with organised classes and get professional instruction tailored to our individual needs. In short, you're far more likely to get the results you want by joining a gym than by going it alone.
Our Gym Membership scheme is one of our most popular benefits. Simple and easy for businesses of any size to implement, the scheme enables employers to give their staff access to discounts of up to 20% on membership at thousands of gyms and health clubs right across the UK.
It really couldn't be easier, and there's no administration for employers. The business pays a small monthly fee in order for staff to be able to access a dedicated website where they can search thousands of gyms and health clubs – including national brands such as Fitness First, LA Fitness and DW Sports. Once they've found their preferred gym, employees use a unique code to download a voucher which entitles them to membership at the best corporate discount available. Savings can be as much as 20% at some gyms; discounts apply even if the employee is already a member, and can also be taken up by family members. What's more, in the unlikely event that an employee's preferred gym is not currently participating in the scheme, we'll contact the club and invite them to register as soon as possible.
Ready to Witness the Fitness?
Give your employees a benefit they'll genuinely appreciate, and get a healthier, happier, more motivated workforce. Get in touch with us today on 01280 851113 to discuss this scheme in more detail with one of our experts, or email us.


How To Find Out If Somebody Blocked You On Facebook: Facebook notifies you of whatever from new messages to timeline posts, however you do not obtain notified if a person blocks you. A block is planned to be elusive; otherwise, it defeats its objective. As soon as a block is applied, all kinds of interaction in between you as well as the individual that blocked you is totally stopped.
Getting blocked on Facebook is not enjoyable for any person, but if you additionally make use of Facebook for your small company, getting blocked could take on a whole brand-new dimension in regards to scary experiences. Facebook makes the act of blocking somebody a personal issue and does not offer any devices to assist you uncover if you have been blocked or not. However, with a little bit of investigator work, you can usually identify if you have been blocked. Remember that just because a person is no more noticeable in your list of friends does not always indicate you have actually been blocked. You may have been "unfriended," the individual could have terminated their account or Facebook might have suspended their account. Third-party applications like Unfriend Finder as well as That Deleted Me can show you when someone disappears from your list of friends however don't inform you if you have actually likewise been blocked.
If a person has blocked you, as opposed to simply terminated your relationship, his name will not show up in your account's search engine result. Try keying the individual's name in the search area at the top of your Facebook home page. If you do not discover that individual, you could have been blocked. Nevertheless, he may have merely changed his safety settings to avoid any individual yet friends from searching for him. Attempt logging out of Facebook or toggling to your organisation account (click the arrow in the top right corner as well as choose "Log In"). Attempt looking for the person once again. If the individual is not noticeable in a public search or from your service account, you could have been blocked. If the individual is visible in a public search, however not visible in a search from your personal account, you've been blocked.
Mutual friends can be a good indication to see if you have actually been blocked. Browse to an account of someone who was a mutual friend with the person you suspect has blocked you. A listing of several of her current friends gets on their profile page. Click the "See All" web link on top of the list. A search area appears on top of the page, which you can utilize to type the person's name. If the person's account shows up, you have actually not been blocked. If it does not appear, you could have been blocked. While few individuals have their friends listed publicly, if you can discover such a person, attempt logging out of Facebook and also looking at their list of friends. If the person shows up there, but not when you were visited, you have been blocked.
If you could bear in mind any type of posts the person has placed on your account, organisation web page or a mutual friend's web page in the past, finding those posts currently could indicate whether you've been blocked. If you have actually been blocked, the Wall posts will still be visible, however his account image will be changed with a question mark. In addition, the individual's name will certainly remain in black text as well as will no longer be a clickable connect to his profile web page.
Thus far, all the above techniques are ways you can identify if you have been blocked without accentuating yourself. To establish undeniably if you have actually not been blocked, try sending a Facebook message to the person. If you obtain a reply, you have not been blocked. You could likewise ask mutual friends if they have actually seen the individual on Facebook lately. If no one has, the individual could have ended her account, or may have been put on hold from Facebook. Finally, you could ask your friends, or the individual directly, whether you have actually been blocked.


text:
Stinker Quote of the Week: "Illegal"
By JFP Staff Wednesday, November 7, 2012 4:07 p.m. CST
"During my three years at the Secretary of State's Office, we had more than a few calls and substantiated cases of voter impersonation, dead people who came back to vote one last time, and other forms of cheating.
"The only votes we were interested in 'suppressing' were the illegal ones.
"... So, why don't we (finally) have voter ID in place? The Obama Justice Department."
—Cory T. Wilson, former Deputy Secretary of State in Mississippi, in an editorial published in the Mississippi Press Gulf Live blog
Why it stinks: We'd love to know how many calls and how many impersonation cases Wilson actually saw. And of those, how many convictions did the SOS get? One could rightly assume that given the GOP's fervor in pursuing voter ID laws across the nation, the party would trumpet those "substantiated" cases from the rooftops. But, alas, no one can seem to find them.
The reason some states' voting laws have to be reviewed by the DOJ is because of the states' histories. Saying the "Obama Justice Department" is the reason Voter ID hasn't been OK'd by the U.S. Department of Justice is a nice bit of revisionist history. It ignores the thousands of African Americans lynched during the Jim Crow era, and others who were threatened, bombed, spat upon and otherwise prevented from living as equals. It whitewashes the state's systematic attempt to destroy the lives and businesses of those who dared claim their constitutional right to vote.
Wilson then uses sleight of hand to deflect (and devolve) his entire argument into a "Democrats suppress votes, too" nah-nah-boo-boo tit-for-tat. As proof, he pulls up a Virginia incident involving Patrick Moran, the son of (and campaign field director for) "Democrat (sic) Congressman Jim Moran," who "was caught on video discussing ways to help a hundred votes get cast by impersonating Virginia voters who were inactive ... in the video, shot by an undercover investigative reporter with Project Veritas, a conservative nonprofit."
The "undercover investigative reporter" is none other than a plant by the king of gotcha journalism, James O'Keefe. You may remember O'Keefe as the Acorn and Planned Parenthood "sting" operations guy--the same schmuck who lies, misrepresents and pressures people to talk, then doctors videos to make it all seem utterly nefarious. Project Veritas is O'Keefe's thing.
Moran resigned when the video surfaced. He was sucked into O'Keefe's gotcha tactics and said some stupid things. What does that have to do voter ID? Yeah, we couldn't figure that one out either.
The Rest of ... The Story
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Dem Candidates A Minority at 'Republican Woodstock'
Thompson's Easy Win Shocks Many
[Talk] Thompson's Easy Win Shocks Many
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While the only really good way to play Deluxe Galaga is on a real Amiga or via Amiga emulation, some folks would rather have flashy graphics than proper game play. Here is how you can play a similar version of Deluxe Galaga.
Is there a PC/Mac/mobile version?
Yes - it's called Warblade. It is being coded by the author of the original Deluxe Galaga for the Amiga. There are versions for PC, Mac and iPhone (unfortunately no Android version yet).
Is it an identical version to the Amiga?
Most elements of the game are the same, yes. It is nearly the exact same game in terms of powerups, bonuses, alien types, etc. The graphics and framerate have been dramatically improved. The game feels 'slower' and almost 'sluggish' compared to the Amiga version in my opinion - but for those that don't want to run Amiga software emulated - it's a nice alternative.
No, there is no network/internet play on any version of Deluxe Galaga or Warblade.


This web site is the result of a continuous intense effort of a lot of people. People that love OS/2 and eComStation, and that are motivated to share their knowledge with others. All of our contributors and members have their own speciality, so please have a look whom to contact if you've got any questions.
We shall not deal support enquiries* via regular e-mail. You should use http://www.os2warp.be/support/ for that.
After having created an account, you will be able to login to the os2warp.be Support Services System. From there, you can contact each individual os2warp.be member via the Contact os2warp.be Members project.
*: Bug reports and support requests related to the device drivers hosted by os2warp.be is provided. For general support, os2warp.be Support Contract is needed.
os2warp.be Technical Support Center, os2warp.be IT Business Solutions, os2warp.be Corporate Support, os2warp.be Business Contracts.
Last modified: 2007/04/21, 20:40 | This site is sponsored by Mensys B.V.


What is a Multiemployer Benefit Trust Fund?
Unlike benefit programs that are sponsored and controlled by one employer for their own employees, a multiemployer benefit trust fund is a health fund that is created solely for the benefit of collectively bargained employees working for many employers. The fund is maintained pursuant to a trust agreement and one or more collective bargaining agreements. Employers negotiate the fund into the applicable collective bargaining agreement and agree to contribute to the fund at certain specified rates for the benefit plans that are negotiated (medical, dental, vision, etc.).
Multiemployer benefit trust funds are typically sponsored and administered by joint boards of both labor and management trustees representing participants from many organizations, usually within the same or related industries, and a labor union. These funds are often referred to as "Taft-Hartley funds."
The Taft-Hartley name refers to the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, also known as the Labor-Management Relations Act. The Act was passed by Congress to regulate organized labor practices and define standards for union pension and benefit funds. Taft-Hartley funds are often the only way a small employer can provide comprehensive health coverage to their employees in a cost effective manner, since such funds create cost-savings due to centralized administration and pooling of resources.
Because multiple employers contribute to the fund for their employees, the costs are shared and the risks are pooled. As a result, multiemployer plans can provide a competitive benefit for the same or better rate when compared to a single employer health plan. And since multiple employers participate in the same fund, employees can move among participating employers without losing coverage, although their benefit plans may differ based on each employer's collective bargaining agreement.


text:
The Cathedral of the Three Hierarchs in Mogilev
The majestic white building of complex architecture located near the road down Pervomaiskaya Street, 75 is the Cathedral of the Three Hierarchs and the Orthodox Center in Mogilev. This is the main sanctuary of the town where believers come for Sunday and holiday services, where Orthodox Christians come with a prayer on weekdays.
The first stone of the future cathedral was laid in 1903
The building was designed by the architect P. Kalinin. The unique feature of the cathedral is that it has three entries from all sides. The construction lasted about 10 years, and in 1914 the temple was consecrated in honor of the three Orthodox hierarchs – Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom.
Mogilev Cathedral is designed in Pseudo-Russian style combining folk art and Old Russian architecture that is characteristic of the Silver Age. Some elements adorning the temple are similar to Russian kokoshniks and lace; this strengthens some folk spirit in the decoration of the temple. Domes crowning slender tall towers are of differing shapes and are sizes. There are seven of them. It also adds some fragility and refinement to the top of the cathedral. There can be traced obvious Oriental motifs in the silhouette of the cathedral in Mogilev.
The Cathedral of the Three Hierarchs of Mogilev city is constructed in the shape of a cross. Each of the entries of the sanctuary is dedicated to one of the patrons of the temple. Therefore, anyone who will enter this temple from different sides will have the impression that he enters a completely new Orthodox world.
The cathedral where the last Russian Tsar prayed
The Mogilev land became part of the Russian Empire after the partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Emperor Nicholas II was a deeply religious, pious man. The Tsar highly appreciated Pseudo-Russian style in architecture. During the First World War, he often visited Mogilev because the General headquarters was located there. Also the Emperor never missed an opportunity to visit the great town's Orthodox sanctuary to pray there.
As you know, the whole Royal family was shot, and later recognized as Orthodox martyrs. During the Soviet period, however, the former Emperor's good feeling counted against Mogilev Cathedral.
The Cathedral of the Three Hierarchs was threatened with closing in 1961
Even though services were held irregularly, the temple remained officially opened. But atheistic beliefs of the ruler Khrushchev came to Mogilev. The temple was closed, its domes were taken down, and it was allowed to dance and sing in the building – a cultural center of the local plant "Strommashina" was opened there. There were times when in the place where once had stood icons, and had been praying, there were arranged town dancing parties.
Of course, Orthodox believers could not leave the Cathedral of the Three Saints in that position. Prolonged negotiations with the current government, endless written request did their job – in 1989, the Cathedral was returned to the clergy, the parish was again opened there.
At the same time, His Eminence archbishop Maxim blessed the Church for creating the Sisterhood of the Holy Myrrh-bearers that still functions.
The Cathedral of the Three Saints is the gem of religious structures of Mogilev. Prayers of priests and believers have been continuing here since its second opening in the late 80s.
Hotel Metropol
, Mogilev , Belarus
PaulMarie Apartments on Orlovskogo


text:
#region License

#endregion

namespace Quartz.Impl
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Holds references to Scheduler instances - ensuring uniqueness, and
	/// preventing garbage collection, and allowing 'global' lookups.
	/// </summary>
	/// <author>James House</author>
	/// <author>Marko Lahma (.NET)</author>
	public class SchedulerRepository
	{
        private readonly Dictionary<string, IScheduler> schedulers;
		private readonly object syncRoot = new object();

        /// <summary>
		/// Gets the singleton instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <value>The instance.</value>
		public static SchedulerRepository Instance { get; } = new SchedulerRepository();

		private SchedulerRepository()
		{
			schedulers = new Dictionary<string, IScheduler>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
		}

        /// <summary>
        /// Binds the specified sched.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sched">The sched.</param>
		public virtual void Bind(IScheduler sched)
		{
			lock (syncRoot)
			{
				if (schedulers.ContainsKey(sched.SchedulerName))
				{
					ThrowHelper.ThrowSchedulerException($"Scheduler with name '{sched.SchedulerName}' already exists.");
				}

				schedulers[sched.SchedulerName] = sched;
			}
		}

        /// <summary>
        /// Removes the specified sched name.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="schedName">Name of the sched.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
		public virtual bool Remove(string schedName)
		{
			lock (syncRoot)
			{
				return schedulers.Remove(schedName);
			}
		}

	    /// <summary>
	    /// Lookups the specified sched name.
	    /// </summary>
	    public virtual Task<IScheduler?> Lookup(
		    string schedName,
		    CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
		{
			lock (syncRoot)
			{
				schedulers.TryGetValue(schedName, out var retValue);
				return Task.FromResult(retValue);
			}
		}

	    /// <summary>
	    /// Lookups all.
	    /// </summary>
	    /// <returns></returns>
	    public virtual Task<IReadOnlyList<IScheduler>> LookupAll(
		    CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
		{
			lock (syncRoot)
			{
			    IReadOnlyList<IScheduler> result = new List<IScheduler>(schedulers.Values);
			    return Task.FromResult(result);
			}
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Anyone of you that's out there and registered at SBB or TheDigiChick, I could do with some loving right now…..
My "Drafting my life" layout from yesterday has had 0 (and I counted twice) comments at TDC… and my new layout (below) has had 1 comment at TDC and none at SBB.
I used Ashley Olson's new Fresh and Funky Boy kit for all the papers and elements (ACOT and Modscraps), and DebF generously made the date stamp! Inked action from AtomicCupcake. Fonts used were Artistamp Medium and Vaguely Repulsive.
Anyway peeps, as always, thanks for stopping by!!
He's a cutie! And love the LO. I left a comment for you @ TDC, haven't got over to SBB (I've noticed the gallery viewings & comments are very slim there lately)~ off to work now.
THe LO looks fab Cassie! You have come SUCH a long way from when I met you almost a year ago – your layouts rocked then, but they are just magnificent now!


text:
import controller from './controller'

export default  Marionette.AppRouter.extend({
    controller,
    appRoutes: {
        '(/)': 'mainPage',
        'second(/)*params': 'secondUrl',

        '*notFound': 'mainPage'
    }
});


Ready, Willing & Modern-Embracing a modern and almost futuristic attitude, models Arthur Gosse and John Todd star in a spread published in Numéro Homme's latest issue. Pairing essential and minimal looks with oversized and sculpted suggestions, the models are styled by Serge Girardi, while photographer Matthew Brookes provides beautiful black & white portraits, focusing on a modern sense of style. / Hair by Terry Saxon. Makeup by Hugo Villard.


Hi There ! My name is Mario Yannakakis. I have decided to take the plunge and create my own personal portfolio. My background has truly been a wonderful experience / journey into the world of digital media and research.
My skillset is kind of unique in that I have been for the better part of ten years or so a trainer, teacher, mentor and lecturer in multimedia applications and design of those applications. I do remember the days when Kai's Power Tools ruled the roost in Photoshop and its then that my 'aha moment' came along. Thats when I realised that Graphical User Interfaces needed to change to suit the majority of users.
Let's make no mistake here but my dedication to digital media has been one of true grit, determination and persistence. My journey began in 1996 when I bought myself a 386 Pentium Pro with DOS 6.22 and Windows for Workgroups 3.11. Let me state this loud and clear "I did not know what to do with it". I was still fascinated and interested all the same so I decided to buy CorelDRAW and do the tutorials written in the manual just so I could attempt to get into a multimedia course.
Eventually that led me to RMIT in 1999, then Swinburne University to study design and multimedia. In 2014 I graduated from the Master of Design - Digital Media Design at Swinburne University and now in June 2015, completed the User Experience Design Immersive 10-week Monday-Friday all day course at General Assembly.
I am the third son to a greek immigrant family that decided to come 'off the boat' in the early to mid 1960's. I am extremely proud to say that I was born with a mild case of Cerebral Palsy, whereby things were really tough in growing up and developing as a human being. When I finished Year 12/HSC at Mount Waverley High School, I looked for work. To my dismay there was no work in the 1990's that was available to a person with Cerebral Palsy. So I joined the queue. Disappointing as it sounded I remained on there for seven years. But by then I had learned to accept that I had to fight and educate myself in order to better myself.
So here I am now getting closer and closer to my dream of finding out whether I still have the same punch and kick all of those years ago in trying to find work. By creating this website I hope you can see that I am proud, passionate and devoted to this industry whether it be me studying, lecturing or producing new concepts or ideas for a client.


text:
Data & Information Security
Crime Live Events
Since July 2010 we've been asked
to investigate 1384 cases
News Round-Up Week Ending 21.11.14
Police Dismiss Crime!
An HM Inspectorate of Constabulary report has found that one in five crimes reported to them is not recorded by the police. That is 800,000 unrecorded crimes a year, and the figures are even worse for violent crime, with up to a third going unrecorded and consequently un-investigated.
Home Secretary Theresa May said: "[This investigation] confirms my concern that there have been utterly unacceptable failings in the way police forces have recorded crime."
"A national crime recording rate of 81 per cent is inexcusably poor," admitted HM Chief Inspector of Constabulary Tom Winsor. "This is not about numbers and dry statistics, it's about victims and the protection of the public.
"Victims need and are entitled to support and assistance. They - and their communities - are entitled to justice. Failures in crime recording can also increase the risks to victims and the community of the denial of justice. The police therefore need to take this subject very seriously."
Adam Pemberton, of the Victim Support charity, concurred: "The sheer number of crimes that have been dismissed by the police is alarming."
RJ Mk3
The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) has released its third Restorative Justice Action Plan.
In the past three years, £30 million has been raised from offenders to fund restorative justice projects. Three quarters of that money has been allocated to police and crime commissioners (PCCs).
"As victims' champion, I am absolutely committed to putting victims first and these RJ initiatives are all designed to help empower people who have been affected by crime," policeoracle.com quoted Merseyside Deputy PCC Councillor Ann O'Byrne as saying. "Restorative justice is about giving victims the chance to be heard, to get answers and to get a sense of closure. Giving victims the chance to come face-to-face with those who have committed crimes against them can help them to find a really positive way forward."
Delayed Reaction
In a trial veiled in secrecy, Erol Incedal was found guilty of possessing a bomb-making manual on November 11th but the judge prohibited the reporting of the verdict before this week.
Incedal will face a retrial next year after the jury failed to reach a verdict on the second charge of preparing acts of terrorism.
Lawyers for various media organisations continue to challenge the secrecy order.
Passport to Purgatory
Civil rights groups have reacted to the Government's plans to ban suspected British jihadis from re-entering the UK, declaring that would illegally render them stateless.
"Legislation should encourage citizens to return and face due process rather than force them to stay in a crisis zone and further radicalise themselves or others in the UK through their online activities," Quilliam's Jonathan Russell said. "We should not develop legislation that assumes individuals are guilty until proven innocent."
"Dumping suspect citizens like toxic waste, abdicating your responsibilities to the international community, is a very strange way of promoting the rule of law," agreed Shami Chakrabarti of Liberty. "When will our governments learn there are no shortcuts to our security? It needs to be built on intelligence, evidence and justice, not speeches, soundbites and ever-more new laws."
"It's obviously a very difficult situation because you have people who have become radicalised," Prime Minister David Cameron sought to explain in a speech to the Australian Parliament in Canberra. "The security service try to prevent attacks, and we have to make sure that they have resources to do everything they can. There's no such thing as 100% security."
The bill will be rushed through by January and cover the right to leave and enter the UK, tighter restrictions on airlines, and powers for senior police officers and border police to seize passports.
The Cost of Cuts
The National Audit Office's review of £300m cuts to civil legal aid has concluded that the Ministry of Justice didn't adequately consider their wider implications. "[The MoJ] has been slower to think through how and why people access civil legal aid," Amyas Morse, head of the audit office, said. "Without this understanding, the ministry's implementation of the reforms to civil legal aid cannot be said to have delivered better overall value for money for the taxpayer."
"We had one of the most expensive legal aid systems in the world at around £2bn per year," the MoJ countered. "Given the financial crisis inherited by this government there was no choice but to find significant savings. This report confirms we are doing just that.
"This was never going to be an easy process, but we have made the necessary reductions whilst ensuring legal aid remains available where people most need legal help."
Shadow justice secretary Sadiq Khan saw it differently: "This damning report by the National Audit Office completely exposes David Cameron's reckless assault on access to justice for what it really is: bad value for money and leaving hundreds of thousands without proper legal advice."
Farage in Foreign Farrago
The UKIP leader has dismissed claims that his party supports the deportation of existing migrants after suggestions of such by his party's candidate for Rochester and Strood.
Former Conservative Mark Reckless was asked, at a hustings broadcast on ITV's Meridian, what would happen to European Union migrants if the UK were to leave the EU. He said they would be looked at 'sympathetically' but only allowed to remain in the UK for 'a fixed period'.
Later, on BBC Radio Kent, Mr Reckless denied suggesting deportation and accused Conservative rivals of twisting his words.
His party leader then explained that the 'transitional period' referred to a time for negotiation between any vote to leave the EU and the actual withdrawal.
"When we invoke Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty which sets us off on a two-year negotiation to leave the EU, part of that renegotiations is what happens to retired people from Britain living on the Costa del Sol and what happens to people from Warsaw living in London," Nigel Farage told the BBC. "Let me make this clear, during our divorce negotiations, even if the EU was to behave badly and say [British] people living in Spain were to be threatened with not being there, we would maintain the line that we believe in the rule of law, we believe in British justice and we believe that anyone who has come to Britain legally has the right to remain."
Mr Reckless has since won the seat.
Criminal Correspondents
Scotland Yard has been secretly recording the activities of a group of journalists on a database intended to monitor so-called domestic extremism.
Six journalists, frequently engaged in investigating police misconduct and backed by their union, the National Union of Journalists (NUJ), have launched a legal action to expose what they claim is a pattern of assaults, monitoring and stop-and-search checks on them, and to have files on them destroyed.
"There is no justification for treating journalists as criminals or enemies of the state," said NUJ general secretary Michelle Stanistreet.
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This entry was posted in Dinners, Home Life, Lunch, SCD, Workouts and tagged dried fruit, food dehydrator, Races, Running, salmon, Turkey Burger by Melanie. Bookmark the permalink.
I was able to get an outdoor run in both yesterday and today – Thank goodness it is finally getting warmer in MPLS 🙂 I am hoping that it is around this temperature in 3 weeks for the 7K – I don't think I'd be able to handle anything much colder!
Ha ha oh sure you could. You're a tough Minnesotan! 😉 BUT it WOULD be nice to have a warmer race! Nice job getting out there!
I'm picky about my fish too! It can't taste too fishy. I have found that salmon on the grill is very tasty and makes the fillet taste less fishy.
Thanks! It is so simple and tastes great!
You just inspired me to want to buy a food dehydrator!


text:
Joe Bob at the Drive-in: 'Blood Feast 2'
JOE BOB BRIGGS, Drive-in movie critic of Grapevine, Texas
This must be "Back to the Glorious '60s" month. First Doris Wishman makes her first film in 20 years (last week's "Satan Was a Lady"). Now Herschell Gordon Lewis comes out of retirement to make HIS first flick in 30 years. The wizard of gore himself, who's been settled in Plantation, Fla., all this time as one of the world's leading direct-marketing experts (translation: junk mail), was lured back to the camera by a young producer in New Orleans named Jacky Lee Morgan, and the result is "Blood Feast 2: All U Can Eat."
"Blood Feast" is, of course, Herschell's 1963 classic that is acknowledged to be the first gore film ever made, featuring Playboy Playmate Connie Mason and a tongue-ripping scene that caused a riot at the drive-in in Peoria, Ill., where the movie had its world premiere. Herschell made the slasher flick possible, bless his heart. And the producer of that flick, carnie roadshow man David F. Friedman, joined in on the new sequel as well, serving as executive producer and Herschell's gin-rummy partner during the lighting setups. (Oh, that's right, I forgot, Herschell doesn't DO lighting.)
Alas, Mal Arnold, who played Fuad Ramses, maniac Egyptian caterer, in the original, is not around for part 2 to saw, chop, strangle and disembowel young women for his cannibalistic feast in honor of the goddess Ishtar. In fact, someone apparently checked Ishtar's pedigree sometime during the last 40 years and found out that she's not even an Egyptian goddess. She's Babylonian! Enter J.P. Delahoussaye, a beefy actor who plays Fuad Ramses III, the GRANDSON of the original Fuad, maniac BABYLONIAN caterer.
You'll be happy to know, I'm sure, that Herschell still makes movies the old-fashioned way --- with no money and no second takes. It doesn't look like he's refined his original formula for stage blood -- Kaopectate and cranberry juice -- because it still jumps off the screen in bright red gooey gobs. And, of course, being the exploitation guru that he is, he knows the first rule of all drive-in sequels: Make the same damn movie you made the first time.
If I recall correctly, Fuad was ground into garbage at the end of the first movie, but all these years later his catering business is still there, boarded up but glowing red with the unearthly mojo of Ishtar, a sort of pulsating blurry screen wash that occasionally whacks winos in the alley out back and causes them to rip each other's throats out.
Enter the eerily good-natured Fuad III, who dusts off the old dissection table and runs head-on into the excitable local cop, a zealous dimwit who suspects murder even before Fuad III has had time to commit one. Fuad starts gathering ingredients for the upcoming wedding reception of cutie Tiffani Lampley, who is afflicted with a shrewish mother who insists on tasting every appetizer and canapé.
First Fuad gets irradiated by the goddess -- yes, she's still there in the back room -- then finds his grandpa's cookbook and starts thinking that BRIDESMAIDS make the tastiest crème broulee, if you know what I mean and I think you do. Besides, it's a good excuse to peek in on the Bridesmaids Lingerie Shower for the bride-to-be, if you know what I mean and I'm SURE you do.
Meanwhile, down at the station house, young buck Detective Myers and his corpulent burrito-eating partner, Detective Loomis, rule out descendants of cannibalistic serial killers as suspects as the body count mounts and the intestines start vanishing.
"Organ harvesters!" is pretty much the extent of their theoretical police work, but fortunately they're eventually led down the right track by a wisecracking secretary who, in one of those only-Herschell-would-do-this scenes, is featured in a daydreaming sex fantasy, shaking down her librarian-pinned hair, climbing out of her blouse, and scooping the whipped cream off her perfect garbonzas while the food-addicted Loomis gapes like a starved puppy. Like most of the brilliant moments in the film, it has absolutely nothing to do with the plot.
Yes, the man's still got it.
Eleven dead bodies. Eighteen breasts. One dead rat. Self-disemboweling. Throat-cutting. Meat-grinder amputation. Ice pick to the ear. Knife to the tummy. Eyeball-scooping. Tongue-ripping. Bloody leg-grinding. Electric-carving-knife brain surgery.
Multiple sweetbread preparation. Hands roll. Intestines roll. Liver rolls.
Gratuitous lingerie party, with montage sequence. Gratuitous shower-dancing. Gratuitous weathercast.
Chloroform Fu. Maggot Fu.
Drive-In Academy Award nominations for J.P. Delahoussaye, as the Baby Huey descendant of a Babylonian catering dynasty, for saying "Let's kick it up a notch!";
Christina Cuenca, in the honored position as the first pork chop to become a meal, for screaming, "Why are you doing this to me!" right before her hands are ground into lady-finger filling;
Kristi Polit, as the blonde cutie who actually wants a date with Fuad, but that first kiss is a killer; Christy Brown, as the lingerie girl with lesbian tendencies (a must in a '60s exploitation flick); Jill Rao, as the knockout blonde who gets her throat sawed and her head taken off for the greater cause of a spicy gazpacho; Michelle Miller, for wearing no clothes in her apartment; Veronica Russell, as the busybody secretary with the two enormous talents; Cindy Roubal, for getting scalped and still looking hot; John Waters --- yes, THE John Waters --- as the kinky priest; and, of course, Herschell Gordon Lewis, for still doing things the drive-in way after all these years.
Four stars. Joe Bob says check it out.
"Blood Feast 2" Web site: bloodfeast2.net.
(To reach Joe Bob, go to joebob-briggs.com or e-mail him at JoeBob@upi.com. Snail-mail: P.O. Box 2002, Dallas, Texas, 75221.)


text:
Bicol Travel Guide
Photo by ronniereymanjares on Pixabay // CC0
Encompassing the narrow, most southern portion of the island of Luzon, the region of Bicol often gets passed over for the north of the island, or the isles of the Visayas. However, those determined to explore off the beaten track will have their curiosity rewarded, as this part of the Philippines is home to fantastic churches, paradise islands, and one of its most prominent volcanoes.
Start your sightseeing in Bicol Province by making a stop at the Basilica of Our Lady of Penafrancia. You might be confused why you are taking time out of your busy schedule to this church, as it appears to be rather modern (it was completed in 1982).
It is a noteworthy stop due to its long-time association with being a Marian (a sect of Christianity) pilgrimage site. On the grounds of this church, you will find a shrine which attracts devotees from across the Philippines and Asia. They come to see a unique image of the Virgin Mary, which was crafted in 1710. Within you'll also find oil paintings of the Station of the Cross, so take time to check them out before heading on your way.
Those looking for older, aged Roman Catholic churches while travelling in Bicol will love what they find at Daraga Church. Completed by the Franciscans in 1772, this beauty shows the weathering one would expect for a structure which has withstood a tropical climate for centuries, yet its architectural touches remain easily identifiable and appreciated.
Built in the Churrigueresque style (a subset of Baroque architecture), its elaborate design will impress fans of European churches – suffice to say, if it was located there, it wouldn't look out of place. Given its good looks and its superior views of the Mayon Volcano, try not to miss this attraction.
Not all churches in Bicol have survived the ages intact, as you will see during a tour of Cagsawa Ruins Park. Protecting what are the remains of a 16th-century Franciscan church, this park allows visitors to bear witness to the destructive power to the nearby Mayon Volcano.
An eruption by this feared mount in 1814 destroyed the town of Cagsawa and this place of worship for the 2nd and final time (Dutch pirates burned it to the ground in 1636), leaving behind a bell tower and several wrecked walls which are overgrown by jungle vines in the present day.
The gravity of this place and choice views of the Mayon Volcano make this place worth visiting despite an overabundance of souvenir shops and touts, so be brave and endure the onslaught on your way into the park.
Bicol Province is home to a number of fantastic islands, Caramoan included. Before catching a ferry to one of many islands off the coast, make time in your day to check out the Our Lady of Peace Grotto.
Defined by a gigantic statue of the Virgin Mary, it offers more than just an epic selfie opportunity – the views it offers of the oceans and isles offshore will make the sweaty climb to get the top worth the effort.
Dominating the skyline through much of Bicol, the Mayon Volcano is easily this region's most significant natural attraction. A destructive volcano which has laid waste to towns numerous times in its notorious past, climbing it can be a risky proposition at best (it last erupted in January 2018).
However, if threat levels are low enough, there are ATV tours which will take you as close as humanly possible to this smoking giant. Give it a go – you only live once!
As mentioned earlier, there are a number of beautiful tropical islands one can visit while in Bicol. Make Matukad Island your first stop, as it boasts soft, white sand and an abundance of cliffs. Just offshore, there are a number of limestone karsts and sea stacks – while not as extensive as El Nido, it is a pleasant surprise for an island off the beaten track in the Philippines.
Lahos Island is another gem located off the coast of Bicol. Much smaller in stature than Matukad, it is known for a strip of sand which connects two husks of limestone overgrown by vegetation. Ideal as part of a day spent island hopping off this part of Bicol, its crystal clear water will make it tough for you leave this tranquil place.
Think you have to go to Dumaguete to go diving for whale sharks? Thankfully, the town of Donsol offers whale shark diving, negating the need to jump on a plane bound for the south of the Philippines.
As soon as you slip into the water off the coast of this town in Bicol, you'll understand why so many travellers have this activity on their bucket list. Despite the fearsome name, whale sharks are gentle giants, making an encounter with them nothing short of magical.
0 replies on "Bicol"


Relaxing Japanese bathtub "Shigaraki yaki"
Japanese bathtub is one of unique daily lifestyle of Japanese culture.
You will be delighted to experience in relaxing bathtub on your stay here in Hotel Ryumeikan Ochanomizu Honten.
Soaking deeply in a bathtub is our typical lifestyle which gives us relaxed healing and cured from daily stress by activating your body in a hot water.
As well to spend your favorite time in a bathroom as you may want complete relaxation. Distinctive feature of Shigaraki yaki pottery is smooth and sensitive touch made of sturdy and rough clay.
Your bath time in Hotel Ryumeikan Ochanomizu Honten surly brings you a delighted encounter with our traditional Japanese lifestyle.
There are some kinds of bathtub in Japan such as Hinoki buro(bath) made of cypress wood and Goemon buro(bath) in which is heated on a direct fire.) Among these distictive features, we selected Shigaraki yaki porcelain tub which is a style of pottery produced in Shiga prefecture.
Shigaraki yaki which is well-known locally "Tanuki=raccoon dog" porcelain is one of the Six Old Kilns Japanese pottery. It is to be said to has begun in the mid of Kamakura era accordingly to industrial research. Very sturdy local clay makes available for wide range use such as water jar, seed pot,tea pot, sake bottle, fire pot and plant pot. Sigaraki yaki registered as Japanese traditional crafts in 1976 has been well-known pottery region in Japan.
Our beautiful bathtub is made by Marumoto Pottery which you could learn process of making Shigaraki yaki.


Chinese food. roast duck recipe, roast pork gourmet powders.
1 Pkg. NOH Chinese Roast Duck Seasoning Mix, Net wt. 1-1/8 ounce, 32g.
Oven. SUGGESTED USE: Pork, Turkey, Chicken, Beef, Fish.
Combine contents of package with 1 tablespoon of water and blend/stir well. Using a 4 to 5 pound duck, rinse duck inside and out and pat dry. Rub duck with sauce inside and out. Let marinate for 15-30 minutes. Place duck in oven at 350 degrees F. for 30 minutes. Turn duck over and cook for another 30 minutes. Reduce heat to 300 degrees F. for 45 minutes. Carve and serve. So easy, you can do this.
Powdered soy sauce (soy beans, starch, caramel color, salt,) sugar, onion powder, garlic powder, orange peel, all spice, parsley, other spices. No MSG added.


stay right under the overpass.
Then turn left at the stop sign.
(just past 101 N. onramp).
continue straight in to Lang Rd.
turn right at Airport Blvd.
left at the light by the hotel entrance.
go right instead, on Lang Rd.


text:
President of the Republic of Sierra Leone, H.E Ernest Bai Koroma, addresses ACP Committee of Ambassadors
ACP PRESS RELEASE: 17 February 2011 — The President of the Republic of Sierra Leone H.E Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma today addressed the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group Committee of Ambassadors in Brussels.
President Koroma in his speech to the ACP Committee of Ambassadors expressed his country's commitment to the Group and expressed his appreciation for the important role it plays.
He, however, noted concerns on the lack of progress in the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPAs) negotiations in most of the regions of the Group. He also expressed concern regarding the future of the ACP in the context of the evolving European institutional architecture under the Lisbon Treaty which came into force in December 2009.
On the future of the ACP Group, the President was pleased to learn that the ACP Committee of Ambassadors have established a working group to thoroughly discuss the future perspectives of the Group.
Secretary-General Dr. Mohamed Ibn Chambas on his part expressed his gratitude to President Koroma for addressing the Committee of Ambassadors and lauded the President's role in consolidating democracy in Sierra Leone and promoting the ideals of peace and good governance in West Africa.
Acting Chairman of the Committee of Ambassadors and Ambassador of Guyana, H.E Mr. Patrick I. Gomes, said Sierra Leone is an important and much-valued member of the ACP family.
"Your country is a symbol of the new rebirth that is sweeping through the continent of Africa. Tempered by the scourge of war, tested and tried in the embers of a long and bitter conflict, the people of Sierra Leone have emerged triumphant and strong," the top diplomat said in his statement.
Mr Gomes also noted that regional economic communities such as Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have made enormous strides, opening up opportunities for regional trade and coordinated regional policy actions in such sectors as roads.
"Leaders like you, who have taken to heart the travails and sufferings of your people, give us hope that the candle of hope can never extinguished in Africa, in the Caribbean and indeed the Pacific.
"We also acknowledge that, in the challenging global environment in which we live, the ACP has to reassess its position vis-á-vis our traditional European partners. While seeking a firmer foundation for our enduring relationship, the Committee of Ambassadors has put together a working group to explore various scenarios for the future, including deepening South-South linkages and leveraging on the opportunities opened up the rise of China, India and Brazil," he said.
Sierra Leone will be celebrating its Golden Jubilee anniversary in April 2011. The West African country will also be hosting the EU-ACP Joint Parliamentary Assembly in November. Ambassador Gomes expressed the sentiments that they would count on the famed hospitality of the Sierra Leonean people: "We know that we can count on the traditional hospitality of your warm-hearted people. We look forward to working with you in the months and years ahead and we wish a fruitful tour of duty in Brussels."
For further enquiries contact Press Attaché, Robert Iroga on iroga@acp.int
| Français | | Tags: Press releases


text:
Justia Patents US Patent for Method of depositing SiO.sub.2 on a semiconductor substrate Patent (Patent # 5,382,550)
Method of depositing SiO.sub.2 on a semiconductor substrate
Aug 5, 1993 - Micron Semiconductor, Inc.
A deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide includes: a) providing a gaseous organosilicon compound to a chemical vapor deposition reactor having a semiconductor wafer positioned therein; b) providing an oxidizing gas to the reactor for reaction with the organosilicon compound; c) feeding a gaseous hydrogen containing source to the reactor; and d) reacting the organosilicon compound, oxidizing gas and gaseous hydrogen containing source to deposit a layer of silicon dioxide on the wafer, the hydrogen containing source gas effectively reacting with the organosilicon compound to produce reduced fixed charge in the deposited silicon dioxide layer over that which would be present if no hydrogen containing source gas were fed to the reactor under otherwise identical reacting conditions. Another method of depositing a layer of silicon dioxide on a semiconductor wafer comprises: a) providing a gaseous organosilicon compound to a chemical vapor deposition reactor having a semiconductor wafer positioned therein; and b) providing an oxidizing gas to the reactor, and reacting the oxidizing gas with the gaseous organosilicon compound in the reactor to deposit a layer of silicon dioxide on the wafer, the oxidizing gas comprising a compound having an N--O bond.
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This invention relates generally to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods of depositing silicon dioxide atop a semiconductor substrate utilizing organosilicon compounds in combination with an oxidizing gas.
Chemical vapor deposition is defined as the formation of a non-volatile solid film on a substrate by the reaction of vapor phase reactants that contain desired components. The gases are introduced into a reactor vessel, and decompose and react at a heated surface on the wafer to form the desired film.
One material commonly chemical vapor deposited is silicon dioxide films. Such is used as an insulating layer between polysilicon and metal layers, between metal layers and multilevel metal systems, as getters, as diffusion sources, as diffusion and implantation masks, as capping layers to prevent out diffusion, and as final passivation layers. In general, the deposited oxide films desirably exhibit uniform thickness and composition, low particulate and chemical contamination, good adhesion to the substrate, low stress to prevent cracking, good integrity for high dielectric breakdown, conformal step coverage for multilayer systems, low pin hole density, and high throughput for manufacturing.
CVD silicon dioxide is an amorphous structure of SiO.sub.4 tetrahedra with an empirical formula SiO.sub.2. Depending on the deposition conditions, CVD silicon dioxide may have lower density and slightly different stoichiometry from thermally grown silicon dioxide, causing changes in mechanical and electrical film properties (such as index of refraction, etch rate, stress, dielectric constant, and high electric-field breakdown strength). Deposition at high temperatures, or use of a separate high temperature post-deposition anneal step, can make the properties of CVD SiO.sub.2 films approach those of thermal oxide. Properties of the finished film can be modified by doping of the deposited layer with compounds such as boron and/or phosphorus.
Interfaces between a deposited SiO.sub.2 layer and silicon create challenges for the semiconductor processor in circuit fabrication. Such interfaces contain various charges and traps which have profound effects on the properties of the electronic components fabricated in the underlying silicon. There are generally four types of charges that exist in the oxide near the Si/SiO.sub.2 interface: a) interface trap charge; b) fixed oxide charge; c) mobile ionic charge; and d) bulk oxide trapped charge. One aspect of this invention is specifically directed to reduction of fixed oxide charge. Such is typically located within 35 Angstroms of the Si/SiO.sub.2 interface, in the so-called "transition region" between silicon and SiO.sub.2. The fixed charge centers are predominantly positive, although some negative compensating senders may also be present. The fixed charge is considered to be a sheet of charge at the Si/SiO.sub.2 interface, and is expressed as the number of charges per unit area (#/cm.sup.2).
CVD SiO.sub.2 processes using organosilicon compounds as precursors have been plagued with creation of excessive fixed charge in the oxide leading to deleterious effects in the underlying devices. In addition, the fixed charge increases almost ten-fold in these films when they are subjected to a high temperature anneal, such as for reflow purposes. Typical methods for reducing fixed charge use ion implantation to control the device threshold voltage, V.sub.t, which is the device parameter most impacted by the fixed oxide charge quantity. It would be desirable to provide CVD SiO.sub.2 processes which minimize resultant fixed charge.
Another challenge in chemical vapor deposition of SiO.sub.2 is in achieving sufficient gap-fill between adjacent conductive runners. Such is also commonly referred to as step coverage where elevation differences occur within the substrate. The problem is illustrated with reference to FIG. 1. Such depicts a semiconductor wafer fragment 10 comprised of a bulk substrate 12, a plurality of conductive metal runners 14, and an overlying deposited layer 16 of CVD SiO.sub.2. Such deposition undesirably produces what is commonly referred to as the "bread-loafing effect" between adjacent runners, which results in voids or keyholes 18 between adjacent runners. It is desirable to achieve complete filling between metal runners such that no voids are present.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the following accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a semiconductor wafer fragment processed in accordance with prior art methods, and is discussed in the "Background" section above.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a system usable in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of an alternate system usable in accordance with the invention.
This disclosure of the invention is submitted in furtherance of the constitutional purposes of the U.S. Patent Laws "to promote the progress of science and useful arts" (Article 1, Section 8).
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide comprises the following steps:
providing a gaseous organosilicon compound to a chemical vapor deposition reactor having a semiconductor wafer positioned therein;
providing an oxidizing gas to the reactor for reaction with the organosilicon compound;
feeding a gaseous hydrogen containing source to the reactor; and
reacting the organosilicon compound, oxidizing gas and gaseous hydrogen containing source to deposit a layer of silicon dioxide on the wafer, the hydrogen containing source gas effectively reacting with the organosilicon compound to produce reduced fixed charge in the deposited silicon dioxide layer over that which would be present if no hydrogen containing source gas were fed to the reactor under otherwise identical reacting conditions.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of depositing a layer of silicon dioxide on a semiconductor wafer comprises the following steps:
providing a gaseous organosilicon compound to a chemical vapor deposition reactor having a semiconductor wafer positioned therein; and
providing an oxidizing gas to the reactor, and reacting the oxidizing gas with the gaseous organosilicon compound in the reactor to deposit a layer of silicon dioxide on the wafer, the oxidizing gas comprising a compound having an N--O bond.
More specifically and with reference to the figures, FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a deposition system and method in accordance with an aspect of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, such comprises a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor chamber 20 comprised of a pair of electrodes 22 and 24. Electrode 24 is connected directly to ground, while electrode 22 is connected to an RF power source 26 for inducing a plasma state in the reactant gases injected into chamber 20. A pump 28 is utilized to evacuate and generate vacuum pressure within deposition chamber 20. A semiconductor wafer 30, atop which a layer of SiO.sub.2 is to be deposited, is positioned within chamber 20 atop electrode 24.
A gaseous organosilicon compound is provided to reactor chamber 20 via some source line, such as the source line designated "OSC". An oxidizing gas is also fed to reactor chamber 20, via a line designated "OX", for reaction with the organosilicon compound. A gaseous hydrogen containing source is fed to reactor chamber 20 via a line designated "H".
Within reactor chamber 20, power is applied and temperature and pressure provided to react the organosilicon compound, oxidizing gas and gaseous hydrogen containing source to deposit a layer of silicon dioxide on the wafer. The hydrogen containing source gas effectively reacts with the organosilicon compound to produce reduced fixed charge in the deposited silicon dioxide layer over that which would be present if no hydrogen containing source gas were fed to the reactor under otherwise identical reacting conditions.
The organosilicon compound preferably comprises tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). By way of example only, an alternate organosilicon compound would include ditertiary butyl silane. The oxidizing gas preferably comprises an inorganic compound having an N--O bond. Examples include NO, N.sub.2 O and NO.sub.2, or mixtures thereof either alone or combined with other oxidizing gases. The invention was reduced to practice using an oxidizing gas consisting essentially of N.sub.2 O. By way of example only, an alternate oxidizing gas would be O.sub.2. Example gaseous hydrogen containing sources include H.sub.2 and SiH.sub.4.
Fixed charge incorporation into a deposited SiO.sub.2 layer is postulated to be impacted in part by carbon left behind in the deposited film resulting from the reaction of TEOS. Providing a gaseous hydrogen containing source in the above-discovered manner is believed to provide a reactant hydrogen containing source for combining with dissociated elemental carbon, carbon compounds and carbon radicals emanating from the TEOS. Such produces hydrocarbons and other gaseous organic compounds which are expelled from the wafer, thus minimizing carbon incorporation into the resultant SiO.sub.2 layer.
The invention further contemplates the provision of conventional gaseous boron or gaseous phosphorus sources to the reactor, such that boro, phospho, or borophosphosilicate glasses are produced.
Organosilicon compounds, such as TEOS, are generally liquid at room temperature and are provided to a deposition reactor by bubbling a gas (typically He) through the liquid TEOS to generate a resultant product which is fed to the reactor. The bubbling gas fed to the liquid TEOS and hydrogen containing source gas fed to the reactor are preferably provided at respective selected flow rates. The ratio of such flow rates of bubbling gas to hydrogen containing source gas are preferably from about 50:1 to 5:1, with about 30:1 to 10:1 being most preferred.
The invention was reduced to practice using an Applied 5000 Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor, 6 liter, available from Applied Materials of Santa Clara, Calif. A preferred range using such reactor for bubbling helium flow to a liquid TEOS or other organosilicon compound is from about 200 sccm to 2000 sccm. A preferred flow rate for the oxidizing gas, such as N.sub.2 O, is from about 200 sccm to 2000 sccm. Hydrogen containing source gas flow, such as SiH.sub.4, is preferably from about 5 sccm to 200 sccm, and maintaining the above-preferred flow rate ratios. The electrode gap is preferably from about 150 mils to about 250 mils. Applied RF power to the electrodes is preferably from about 200 W-500 W. Reactor chamber 20 is preferably evacuated to a pressure of from about 5 to 10 Torr. Temperature within the reactor is preferably maintained at from 250.degree. to 500.degree. C.
The invention was reduced to practice using an organosilicon source gas of TEOS with helium bubbled therethrough at a rate of 800 sccm; N.sub.2 O as the oxidizing gas at a rate of 700 sccm; SiH.sub.4 as the hydrogen containing source gas, and at a rate of 50 sccm; an electrode gap maintained at 155 mils; a pressure of 9 Torr; and a temperature of 430.degree. C. The resulting film was annealed at 900.degree. C. to produce reflow. The calculated fixed charge, measured by capacitance voltage, was as low as 2.times.10.sup.10, which is 100 times lower than a control CVD deposited SiO.sub.2 layer having no hydrogen containing source gas feed.
An alternate aspect of the invention is described with reference to FIG. 3. Such illustrates essentially the same chemical vapor deposition reactor chamber 20, with differences being described. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, a gaseous organosilicon compound is fed to reactor chamber 20, again via a line designated as "OSC". An oxidizing gas is fed to the reactor via a line designated "N--O". The oxidizing gas comprises a compound having an N--O bond. The oxidizing gas reacts with the gaseous organosilicon compound in the reactor to deposit a layer of silicon dioxide on the wafer.
The oxidizing gas is preferably inorganic, and selected from the group consisting of NO, N.sub.2 O, and NO.sub.2, mixtures thereof alone or with other oxidizing gases. The organosilicon compound preferably comprises TEOS.
It has been discovered that use of such a compound having an N--O bond as the oxidizing gases produces a much more directional deposition that is thicker on the flat horizontal surfaces than on the vertical surfaces, resulting in growth of SiO.sub.2 from the bottom up between conductive runners such that bread-loafing and keyhole void formation is eliminated. Such a process is preferably void of silane gases in the reactor to prevent bread-loafing, which would otherwise occur were a considerable quantity of silane gases present.
Where TEOS is used as the organosilicon source, the ratio of the flow rates of the bubbling gas to the oxidizing gas is preferably from about 5:1 to 0.5:1, with from about 2.5:1 to 2:1 being most preferred.
The invention was reduced to practice using an Applied 5000 Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor, 6 liter, available from Applied Materials of Santa Clara, Calif. A preferred range using such reactor for bubbling helium flow to a liquid TEOS or other organosilicon compound is from about 200 sccm to 2000 sccm. A preferred flow rate for the oxidizing gas, such as N.sub.2 O, is from about 100 sccm to 1000 sccm. The electrode gap is preferably from about 150 mils to about 250 mils. Applied RF power to the electrodes is preferably from about 200 W-500 W. Reactor chamber 20 is preferably evacuated to a pressure of from about 5 to 10 Torr. Temperature within the reactor is preferably maintained at from 250.degree. to 500.degree. C.
The invention was reduced to practice using an organosilicon source gas of TEOS with helium bubbled therethrough at a rate of 1000 sccm; N.sub.2 O as the oxidizing gas at a rate of 500 sccm; an electrode gap maintained at 155 mils; a pressure of 9 Torr; and a temperature of 390.degree. C. The resulting film was annealed in a reflow step at 900.degree. C.
The process described immediately above effectively grows columnar-like structures of SiO.sub.2 between adjacent runners such that keyhole formation is completely eliminated.
In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific as to structural and methodical features. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific features shown and described, since the means herein disclosed comprise preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted in accordance with the doctrine of equivalents.
1. A deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide comprising the following steps:
reacting the organosilicon compound, oxidizing gas and gaseous hydrogen containing source to deposit a layer of silicon dioxide on the wafer, wherein the hydrogen containing source gas produces hydrogen radicals that are effectively reacting with the organosilicon compound to produce reduced fixed charge in the deposited silicon dioxide layer over that which would be present if no hydrogen containing source gas were fed to the reactor under otherwise identical reacting conditions.
2. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing gas comprises an inorganic compound having an N--O bond.
3. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 2 wherein the oxidizing gas is selected from the group consisting of NO, N.sub.2 O and NO.sub.2, or mixtures thereof.
4. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing gas consists essentially of N.sub.2 O.
5. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the organosilicon compound comprises TEOS.
6. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the organosilicon compound comprises ditertiary butyl silane.
7. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the gaseous hydrogen containing source comprises H.sub.2.
8. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the gaseous hydrogen containing source comprises SiH.sub.4.
9. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 further comprising providing a gaseous boron or gaseous phosphorus source to the reactor, and reacting such gaseous boron or gaseous phosphorus to dope the deposited SiO.sub.2 layer with at least one of boron or phosphorus.
10. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the organosilicon compound comprises TEOS, and the oxidizing gas comprises an inorganic compound having an N--O bond.
11. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the organosilicon compound comprises TEOS, and the oxidizing gas is selected from the group consisting of NO, N.sub.2 O and NO.sub.2, or mixtures thereof.
12. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the organosilicon compound comprises TEOS, the gaseous hydrogen containing source comprises SiH.sub.4, and the oxidizing gas comprises an inorganic compound having an N--O bond.
13. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the organosilicon compound comprises TEOS generated by bubbling a gas through liquid TEOS to generate a resultant product which is fed to the reactor, the bubbling gas being fed to the liquid TEOS at a selected volumetric flow rate, the hydrogen containing source gas being fed to the reactor at a selected flow rate, the ratio of the flow rates of bubbling gas to hydrogen containing source gas being from about 50:1 to 5:1.
14. The deposition method of reducing fixed charge in a layer of silicon dioxide of claim 1 wherein the organosilicon compound comprises TEOS generated by bubbling a gas through liquid TEOS to generate a resultant product which is fed to the reactor, the bubbling gas being fed to the liquid TEOS at a selected volumetric flow rate, the hydrogen containing source gas being fed to the reactor at a selected flow rate, the ratio of the flow rates of bubbling gas to hydrogen containing source gas being from about 30:1 to 10:1.
4034130 July 5, 1977 Briska et al.
4791005 December 13, 1988 Becker et al.
4845054 July 4, 1989 Mitchener
4877641 October 31, 1989 Dory
5166101 November 24, 1992 Lee et al.
Normandin et al., "Characterization . . . Tetraethylorthosilicate"; Can. J. Phys. 67, pp. 199-206, 1989. Emesh et al., "Plasma-Enhanced . . . (TEOS)", J. Electrochem Soc., vol. 136, No. 11, pp. 3404-3408, 1989. John Butler, et al., "Electrical Characterization of Doped and Undoped PECVD Teos Oxides", A Poster Presented at VMIC, Jun. 1990, 7 total pages. John Butler, et al., "Electrical Characterization of Doped and Undoped PECVD Teos Oxides," VMIC Conference, Jun. 12-13, 1990, pp. 387-389. Han-Bin K. Liang, et al., "A Comparison of PECVD Oxide and Furnace CVD Oxide as the Trench Spacer Oxide in Deep Trench Isolation", Abstract No. 570, Extended Abstracts, 180th Electrochemical Society Meeting, vol. 91-2, Fall 1991, 1 page.
Date of Patent: Jan 17, 1995
Assignee: Micron Semiconductor, Inc. (Boise, ID)
Inventor: Ravi Iyer (Boise, ID)
Primary Examiner: Brian E. Hearn
Assistant Examiner: Trung Dang
Law Firm: Wells, St. John, Roberts, Gregory & Matkin
Current U.S. Class: 437/235; 437/238; 437/240; 437/236; 437/941; Oxide Films (148/DIG118)
International Classification: H01L 2102;


Installation in progress of Creative Time Summit's, A Monument to the Century of Revolutions, Toronto 2017. Photo: Sue Holland. Image courtesy of Toronto's Economic Development & Culture office.
This year's Creative Time Summit, the New York nonprofit's 10th annual conference on art and politics, is heading to Canada for the first time. The conference, which debuts in Toronto this weekend, is organized around the theme "Of Homelands and Revolution." The summit takes the Russian Revolution's centennial as a starting point to reflect on social and political movements of both the past and present.
After a series of workshops on Saturday, the event will conclude with the unveiling of A Monument to the Century of Revolutions, a large-scale installation curated by Nato Thompson and produced by the City of Toronto as part of its all-night contemporary art festival Nuit Blanche.
Detail of Creative Time's A Monument to the Century of Revolutions, Toronto 2017. Photo: Sue Holland. Image courtesy of Toronto's Economic Development & Culture office.
For the installation, Creative Time's artistic director Nato Thompson and Russian artist-activist collective Chto Delat have collaborated with the City of Toronto to create a "living monument" in Nathan Phillips Square. Composed of numerous shipping crates, the monument will house various artistic interventions open for the public to explore. About half of the crates will, according to Thompson, "take on different historic revolutions ranging from 1917 Russia to 1956 Cuba" through each uprising's aesthetic and material culture.
In addition to the work by Chto Delat, the other half of the crates will house installations by more than 90 Toronto-based artists, who were invited to answer the question, "What does revolution mean to you?" Umbereen Inayet, a programming supervisor for the City of Toronto, describes the monument as an artistic village meant to foster community among its diverse artistic participants and the public at large.
Installation in progress of Creative Time Summit's, A Monument to the Century of Revolutions, Toronto 2017. Photo: Sue Holland. Image courtesy of Toronto's Economic Development & Culture office.
Though Nuit Blanche in Toronto ends early Sunday morning, part of Chto Delat's installation will travel to Paris for the French capital's edition of the festival on October 7.
The 10th Creative Time Summit, "Of Homelands and Revolution" takes place in Toronto, Canada, September 28–30th, 2017.


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30BTC » Bitcoin Casino
Intacto Is An Interesting Magical Realist Film About Luck And Gambling
Somewhere in the middle of a thick, nondescript European forest lies a gritty casino, run by a man who is surprisingly perpetually lucky, who works with a man who is able to take luck away. (Also pretty similar to American movie The Cooler.) This unusual tale forms the plot of supernatural thriller film Intacto, a Spanish production that's wholly European in feel. This review tackles this strange little movie; it doesn't seem like it's accessible at all at first glance, but the premise alone would draw in more than a few curious minds.
Max von Sydow plays Samuel Berg in Intacto, a casino owner who also happens to be a concentration camp survivor from World War II. Samuel Berg is a very, very lucky man, for reasons we don't really know.
Spanish actor Eusebio Poncela plays Federico, a man who is blessed (or cursed) with the ability to take away the luck of anyone he physically touches. One can see how this could easily be used as a plot device in a film like this; the more extraordinary it is, the better it will be.
Berg and Federico have a falling out in their relationship (and Berg takes away Federico's powers of bad luck, which is apparently something he gave him), so Federico finds the actual luckiest man alive in the world of Intacto, Tomas, a plane crash survivor who credits his life to his extreme luck. The rest of the movie involves Federico and his newfound ally trying to outwit Samuel Berg and his convenient luck in a game of Russian roulette, which Berg has never lost. (The trailer establishes that much.) Oh, and there's also a policewoman investigating the whole thing, to add to the intense drama of their situation. And it turns out that Berg, Federico, and Tomas the crash survivor aren't the only people in Intacto's universe with this set of gifts.
Intacto is a film that isn't just a mere supernatural action thriller that offers the thrills for the sake of; it, of course, has to be a movie that is a review of certain themes.
The theme this film examines is the concept of luck and how it affects certain people and the way they perceive their own fates, how they view it as something they think they have control or influence over, when it's really the opposite.
The character of Samuel Berg, a survivor of the horrors of the Nazis, touches on whether he was truly deserving of making it out alive, and his high-risk pursuits such as intense games of Russian roulette may be a way of taking out his guilt by attempting suicide via the game, but always surviving. The same goes with Tomas, who lets himself be used in Federico's schemes for probably the same reason, regardless of what he says.
Related: Five of the Most Interesting Dice Faucets on the Web
Despite the compelling conflicts in the heart of Intacto's story, one can't help but feel (especially after reading what other reviews have to say about it) that it's not a well-written backbone. The rivalry between Berg and Federico seems a bit shallow, which may have necessitated the inclusion of Sara the policewoman's own story. It's another thing that jumbles up the flow of the plot that's already set up, adding too many ingredients to the broth. If you have to inject humanity by a third party, then there must be something you're not doing right. Normally, it would help the film's efforts in world-building, but there's only so much you can stick in the usual 180-or-so-minute timeframe.
Aside from bringing some hard-hitting philosophical questions (which the film's viewers may very well miss in the heat of Intacto's drama), it being a piece of European art cinema also follows that the movie is quite stylish. It's something a number of reviews touch on easily due to how conspicuous the film's styling is. There are unusual camera angles and different techniques poured into the effort of the movie, and it makes up for what the bits it lacks in the storytelling department. Nevertheless, the result is a film that still does well despite its reviews.
If you want a thriller that tickles your mind by the sheer premise of the film alone, then Intacto is worth a watch. People who like turning over philosophical questions in their heads during their free time will appreciate the notion that the movie puts forward, even if it isn't really practical in the context of day-to-day living (luck plays a relatively small factor in the affairs of men, as opposed to hard work and all that). Anyone who just wants to appreciate a piece of European cinema as much as they can will be happy to go add this to their memory banks. You could do so much worse than Intacto.
Kim Dotcom, CEO of MegaUpload:
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Andreas Gerster What Information Should Smart Meters Provide To Effectively Reduce Energy Consumption?
Andreas Gerster is the Acting Chair of Quantitative Economics at the University of Mannheim. Having completed his doctoral research at the Ruhr Graduate School of Economics, Gerster previously worked as a researcher at the RWI - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research. Gerster's main research interests include environmental economics and public economics. He was joint recipient of the 2020 IIPF Young Economist Award.
Environmental and Resource Economics
Acting Professor of Economics
University of Mannheim (Universität Mannheim) (more details)
Chair in Quantitative Economics
RWI Research Fellow
RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research
Ruhr Graduate School in Economics, Essen
M.Sc. in Economics
University of Münster (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster)
B.Sc. in International Economics and European Studies
University of Tübingen (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen)
Université Paul Cézanne, Aix-en-Provence
- Canadian Journal of Economics
- Energy Journal
- Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy
- Energy Economics
- IIPF Young Economist Award (joint with M. Kramm. 2020)
- USAEE/IAEE Working Paper Best Paper Award (2017)
- RWI Juniorpreis for the best Ph.D. student publication in 2016 at RWI
- "Information Preferences and the Short and Long Run Effects of Information", funded by the German Research Foundation through CRC TR 224. Principal investigator (PI), EUR 12,000 (2019-2021)
- "Der Einfluss von sozialen Informationen, Anreizen und Gewohnheiten auf den Stromverbrauch privater Haushalte", funded by Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF, 2015-2017)
- "Energiesparen in privaten Haushalten – ein Randomized Control Trial zur Wirkungsevaluierung einer Endverbrauchersensibilisierung", funded by Stiftung Mercator (2014-2016)
University of Mannheim (Universität Mannheim)
For generations, the University of Mannheim has been preparing students to take on leadership roles in business, academia, and society. One of the university's strengths in this task is its profile, which is characterized by the economic and social sciences. It is in these fields that the University of Mannheim has repeatedly been ranked as one of the top 20 European research institutions. Key focuses of Mannheim researchers include decision-making processes and elections, governance, regulation, competition and innovation, migration and multilingualism, and the culture of change. The campus surrounding Mannheim's baroque palace is a place where bright minds from across the globe come together to learn, discuss, research, and prepare to make their mark on the world.
The Collaborative Research Center (CRC) TR 224 – EPoS
The Collaborative Research Center (CRC) TR 224 – EPoS is a cooperation between the University of Bonn and the University of Mannheim. Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), it aims to analyze and provide policy proposals that address three key societal challenges: how to promote equality of opportunity; how to regulate markets in light of the internationalization and digitalization of economic activity; and how to safeguard the stability of the financial system.
The rollout of smart electricity meters is gathering pace in the EU as in the US. In this video, ANDREAS GERSTER asks what information smart meters should provide to bring about an optimal reduction in energy consumption. Comparing the effectiveness of aggregate data and appliance specific feedback, Gerster shows that more detailed information can help households to significantly limit their electricity use. Highlighting potential savings for German households of some €500-600M per annum, the research also develops a novel method of cost benefit analysis that can be used in settings where consumer misperceptions are an issue.
Disaggregate Consumption Feedback and Energy Conservation
Mark Andor, Andreas Gerster and Lorenz Goette
Mark Andor, Andreas Gerster and Lorenz Goette. "Disaggregate Consumption Feedback and Energy Conservation." (2020).
© Andreas Gerster & Latest Thinking
Data Security Technology & Engineering
How Can We Prevent Network Security Problems in Smartphone Apps?
Perovskite Solar Cells Physics
Michael Saliba
Can the Perovskite Semiconductor Provide Sufficient Sustainable Energy in the Near Future?
Chemicals Production Physical Sciences & Formal Sciences
Kai Sundmacher
How Can Chemicals Be Produced in a More Sustainable Process?
Energy Supply Economics
Heinz Welsch
How Does Energy Supply Affect Citizen Well-being?
Global Warming The Carbon Cycle
Susan Trumbore
What Happens to Carbon Dioxide in Plant and Soil Systems?


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