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Archive for the 'Duer, Catherine Alexander "Lady "Kitty"' Category
"I put your letter into his hands . . . "
For this post I am opting out of my mission of bringing readers the words of women from the American Revolution and the early national period. Instead I am posting a letter that Alexander Hamilton wrote not to Lady Kitty Alexander Duer (see previous post) but to another Kitty, this one CATHARINE LIVINGSTON (1751-1813), daughter of the Governor of New Jersey, sister of Sarah Livingston Jay and cousin to Lady Kitty. Coincidentally, Kitty Livingston, like her cousin, was concerned with a flag of truce, not for herself but for some friends who wanted to leave British occupied New York City to pay a visit to New Jersey. Kitty Livingston made her appeal to her friend Alexander Hamilton, who gave it to General George Washington for whom he was an aide de camp. Hamilton was instructed by Washington to reply to Kitty's letter. His response is mildly flirtatious, flattering, fanciful, and wordy. In fact it is the longest letter I have come across that can be summed up as "No". There was an exception, as you will discover.
Headquarters, March 18, 1779.I can hardly forgive an application to my humanity to induce me to exert my influence in an affair in which ladies are concerned, and especially when you are of the party. Had you appealed to my friendship or to my gallantry, it would have been irresistible. I should have thought myself bound to have set prudence and policy at defiance, and even to have attacked wind-mills in your ladyship's service. I'm not sure but my imagination would have gone so far as to have fancied New York an enchanted castle—the three ladies so many fair damsels ravished from their friends and held in captivity by the spells of some wicked magician— General Clinton, a huge giant, placed as keeper of the gates—and myself, a valorous knight, destined to be their champion and deliverer.
But when, instead of availing yourself of so much better titles, you appealed to the cold, general principle of humanity, I confess I felt myself mortified, and determined, by way of revenge, to mortify you in turn. I resolved to show you that all the eloquence of your fine pen could not tempt our Fabius [Washington] to do wrong; and, avoiding any representation of my own, I put your letter into his hands and let it speak for itself. I knew, indeed, this would expose his resolution to a severer trial than it could experience in any other way, and I was not without my fears for the event, but if it should decide against you, I anticipated the triumph of letting you see your influence had failed. I congratulated myself on the success of my scheme; for, though there was a harder struggle upon the occasion between inclination and duty, than it would be for his honor to tell; yet he at last had the courage to determine that, as he could not indulge the ladies with consistency and propriety, he would not run the risk of being charged with a breach of both.
This he desired me to tell you, though, to be sure, it was done in a different manner, interlaced with many assurances of his great desire to oblige you, and of his regret that he could not do it in the present case, with a deal of stuff of the same kind, which I have too good an opinion of your understanding to repeat. I shall, therefore, only tell you that whether the Governor and the General are more honest or more perverse than other people, they have a very odd knack of thinking alike; and it happens in the present case that they both equally disapprove the intercourse you mention, and have taken pains to discourage it. I shall leave you to make your own reflections upon this, with only one more observation, which is that the ladies for whom you apply would have every claim to be gratified, were it not that it would operate as a bad precedent.
But, before I conclude, it will be necessary to explain one point. This refusal supposes that the ladies mean only to make a visit and return to New York. If it should be their intention to remain with us, the case will be altered. There will be no rule against their coming out, and they will be an acquisition. But this is subject to two provisos—1st that they are not found guilty of treason or any misdemeanor punishable by the laws of the State, in which case the General can have no power to protect them; and 2dly, that the ladies on our side do not apprehend any inconvenience from increasing their number. Trifling apart, there is nothing could give me greater pleasure than to have been able to serve Miss Livingston and her friends on this occasion, but circumstances really did not permit it. I am persuaded she has too just an opinion of the General's politeness not to be convinced that he would be happy to do anything which his public character would justify in an affair so interesting to the tender feelings of so many ladies. The delicacy of her own ideas will easily comprehend the delicacy of his situation;— she knows the esteem of her friend.
A. Hamilton.
The General and Mrs. Washington present their compliments.
Hamilton's letter can be found HERE. Portrait from Find A Grave.
posted February 1st, 2018 by Janet, Comments Off on "I put your letter into his hands . . . ", CATEGORIES: Duer, Catherine Alexander "Lady "Kitty",Hamilton, Alexander,Livingston, Catharine "Kitty",Washington, George
"a fine woman . . . with most accomplished manners"
More on "LADY" KITTY ALEXANDER (see previous post). Kitty was married to Colonel William Duer on July 17, 1779, at the family home in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, with George Washington in attendance. After the war, the Duers made their home on Broadway, in New York City, not far from Wall Street. William Duer was an investor, stockbroker, and speculator always looking to turn a quick profit. The couple were active in the social life of the city and Lady Kitty was a popular hostess. After attending a dinner party at the Duers in 1787, the Reverend Manasseh Cutler noted:
Lady Kitty, for so she is called . . . is a fine woman, though not a beauty, very sociable, and with most accomplished manners. She performed the honors of the table most gracefully, was constantly attended by two servants in livery, and insisted on performing the whole herself. Colonel Duer . . . lives in the style of a nobleman. I presume he had not less than fifteen different sorts of wine at dinner, and after the cloth was removed, besides most excellent bottled cider, porter, and several other kinds of strong beer.
When George Washington became president in 1789, he and his family occupied the Samuel Osgood house at 2 Cherry Street in New York City, the nation's first capital. Lady Kitty was one of the women consulted on the decor and furniture. Sarah Franklin Robinson, in a long letter to her cousin Catharine Wistar, wrote: "Aunt [Mary] Osgood & Lady Kitty Duer had the whole management of it."
I went the morning before the General's arrival to take a look at it—the best of furniture in every room—and the greatest Quantity of plate and China that I ever saw before—the whole of the first and secondary Story is paperd and the floors Coverd with the richest Kind of Turkey and Wilton Carpets—the house realy did honour to my Aunt and Lady Kitty; they spared no pains nor expense on it—thou must Know that Uncle [Samuel] Osgood and [William] Duer were appointed to procure a house and furnish it—accordingly they pitchd [settled] on their wives as being likely to do it better—
Unfortunately Kitty's husband's speculations caught up with him in 1791 and 1792 and involved the sale of stock in the newly formed Bank of the United States. Promises of huge dividends and a guarantee that the bank could not fail because of its political connections led to a buying frenzy, causing prices to skyrocket. Bankers, in an attempt to stabilize the market began to cut credit to investors eventually resulting in a crash—the Panic of 1792. Having borrowed large sums of money that he could not repay, Duer found himself in debt to the tune of $3,000,000. He landed in debtors' prison where he would die in 1799. In greatly reduced circumstances Kitty moved with her children to a small house on Chambers Street where she took in boarders. Her subsequent marriage to William Neilson produced several more children. She died in 1826.
One of the positive results of the Panic that Duer and friends had precipitated was a meeting of a group of concerned bankers and investors who pledged to conduct their securities business in an honest way. This was the beginning of the New York Stock Exchange.
Information about Kitty Duer, as well as Cutler's observation, can be found HERE. Details concerning Washington's relocation to New York City can be found HERE. The excerpt of Sarah Franklin Robinson's letter can be found on pages 296-97 of In the Words of Women. A description of Duer's part in the Panic of 1792 can be found HERE.
posted January 25th, 2018 by Janet, Comments Off on "a fine woman . . . with most accomplished manners", CATEGORIES: Duer, Catherine Alexander "Lady "Kitty",Duer, William,Panic of 1792,Washington, George
" . . . . I think we may call our Jaunt an agreeable one"
New York City was occupied by the British from 1776, when George Washington's campaign against the British failed, until 1783, the end of the war. In September 1776, a terrible fire, suspicious in origin, broke out and destroyed almost a quarter of the city. Large numbers of residents had already fled to avoid being caught in the fighting. (See post called "this deplorable cyte".) Most Patriots departed when the the British occupied the city, while a few stayed to try to hold on to their property. Loyalist refugees flocked in as did escaped slaves who thought to obtain their freedom by fighting for the British. New York City became the command center of British military and political operations in North America. The wealthy and well connected, including British officers, restored a semblance of the social scene which featured plays and parties, dinners and dances.
On occasion members of certain families were allowed by the authorities to visit friends and relatives in New York City under a white flag of truce. CATHERINE ALEXANDER and her mother were granted this privilege. Catherine was the daughter of William Alexander, a major general in the American army who was called "Lord Stirling" because of his claim (never validated) to be a Scottish earl and Sarah Livingston. (Sarah's brother was William Livingston, governor of New Jersey.) The couple had two daughters, Mary and Catherine. In 1776 Lord Stirling was in White Plains, following the American defeat in New York City. His wife and daughter Catherine called "Lady Kitty" joined him there and the two women obtained permission to enter New York City to visit the elder daughter Mary and her husband Robert Watts who were resident there, living quietly and trying to be neutral. "Lady Kitty" wrote the following letter to her father from New Jersey where she was visiting the family of her uncle William Livingston which had relocated from Elizabethtown to Persippany for safety's sake. It gives some indication of what life was like in New York City during the British occupation.
I have made several attempts to perform an injunction [request], laid on me by my dear Pappa, in a letter to Genl. Maxwell but have always been interrupted, or entirely prevented by some trivial accident which tho' important enough to prevent my writing are scarce worth mentioning to you, Coll. Livingstons [Brockholst, Kitty's cousin, son of William Livingston] going to camp at last furnishes me with an opportunity of acquainting you with every thing that my memory retains of our Jaunt to N.York.
In the first place we had the satisfaction of being civilly treated by the British officers, one indignity indeed we receiv'd from Genl. Grant who order'd a Serjeant to conduct the Flag to town instead of an officer but we were so happy at getting permission to go on that we readily excused his want of politeness in that instance—our acquaintances in town were also, in general, very polite to us: many indeed were remarkably attentive—but whether it proceeded from regard to themselves or no, is hard to determine—the Truth is, they are a good deal alarmed at their situation, & wish to make as much interest as possible on our side. [T]he sentiments I really believe of a great number have undergone a thorough change since they have been with the British Army as they have had many opportunities of seeing flagrant acts of injustice & cruelty which they cou'd not have believed their freinds capable of; if they had not been witnesses to, & which convinces them that if they conquer we must live in abject slavery.
Mamma has I suppose mention'd to you the distressed situation, in which we found poor Mary, the alarms of the Fire & explosion added to her recent misfortune kept her for several days in a very weak state—but we had the satisfaction to leave her perfectly recovered. [T]he Child she now has is one of the most charming little creatures I ever saw— & by all accounts more likely to live than either of the others. Mr. Watts, I was very glad to find is among the number of those who are heartily sick of British Tyranny, & as to Mary, her political principles are perfectly Rebellious.
[S]everal Gentlemen of your former acquaintance in the British Army made particular enquiries after you . . . .
Upon the whole I think we may call our Jaunt an agreeable one, tho' it was checkered with several unlucky circumstances[,] for my own part I liked it so well that I cou'd wish to repeat it in a few months if my Sister does not get permission to pay us a Visit—I left Mamma very well two days ago [at the family home in Basking Ridge, New Jersey] to pay a Visit to the Governors Family who sent the Coll down with an absolute command to fetch me—they all beg to be remember'd to you but believe me to be my dear Pappa with greater sincerity your
very affectionate D[aughte]r. C Alexander
Persipany Septr 6th. 1778
The New-York Historical Society, W. Alexander Papers, vol. II, #95, written in a small neat hand and including the red wax seal. The portrait is of Kitty after she had married William Duer in 1779. Source: The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. "Lady Catherine Duer (Lady Catherine Alexander, daughter of Lord Stirling)" New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed January 19, 2018. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-2b5b-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.
posted January 18th, 2018 by Janet, Comments Off on " . . . . I think we may call our Jaunt an agreeable one", CATEGORIES: Alexander, William, Lord Stirling,British soldiers,Duer, Catherine Alexander "Lady "Kitty",New Jersey,New York


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Wereldtentoonstelling van 1888 (Brussel)
Exposición Universal de Barcelona (1888)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A dining room consists of furniture and decoration items as a whole. So, your primary consideration should be about furniture and décor of your Dining room while planning for a revamp. But as you have to consider these two elements; it is necessary that you should consider the size of your dining hall. Room size has a great influence on choice of right furniture for your hall. Moreover, you also need to look if your room contains ventilation capacity or not. Also, it is important to consider your specific use of your dining room. It is not necessary for all that they should use or they use dining capacity for only and only eating. Sometimes, people eat in their kitchen and they may use it for dinner parties or to entertain guests. If you have planned to implement Dining room decorating ideas that are readily available; even then you should consider the size, ventilation and capacity of your room.
A dining room should always be decorated and arranged in a way that it should project good ventilation, brightness and comfort to enjoy your meal. While you are considering Dining room decorating ideas ; be sure to choose such decorative assets that give an expanded look. You can use mirrors and light colors to achieve this purpose. This is principally right if your room includes mirrors associated to replicate each other, and in addition reproduce the windowpane if it exists.
Actually, people feel it easy and straightforward to implement available Dining room decorating ideas in market. These ideas are developed and marketed specifically by interior designers. However, you need custom Dining room decorating ideas to fit according to the capacity and ventilation of your room. You should use your creative capacity to generate an awesome look of your room.


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National Rugby League
Ivan Cleary: 'Air went out of the tyres' with Wests Tigers' loss to Canterbury
Steve Orme
Just as Ivan Cleary's mythical bus looked to be gathering steam for a late drive into September and the NRL finals series, the Wests Tigers coach all-but conceded their 2018 ride is over after Friday's shock 16-4 loss to the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs.
The Tigers rolled from Concord to ANZ Stadium full of confidence after victories over top-four sides St George Illawarra and the South Sydney Rabbitohs.
But Cleary's men produced a meek display against the 13th-placed Bulldogs to slump to a loss that leaves them in ninth place with five games remaining.
"… We haven't been worrying too much about (the finals), when you play well enough and give yourselves a chance to win games that's going to take care of itself," Cleary, who insists he was blindsided by the poor performance, said of the Tigers' slim finals hopes.
MORE: Klemmer's shoulder charge on former team-mate Mbye goes unnoticed | Gus Gould reveals agreement with Nathan Cleary about his dad Ivan |
"But I mean the air went out of the tyres a bit for us tonight and our main thoughts really are about sorting that out for next week and to go up there to Newcastle and put on a much better show."
The Tigers remain four points behind the New Zealand Warriors and Penrith Panthers who are both still to play this weekend.
Cleary's men would have to win their five remaining games against Newcastle, Canberra, the Dragons, Manly and the Rabbitohs - have several other results go their way - to scrape into the NRL finals.
"We were flat tonight," the coach added.
"We completed well, we got through our sets and got through our plays … but we sort of went through the motions and to Canterbury's credit that wasn't going to be good enough.
"They ran a little harder and tackled a bit harder which I think gave them the bounce of the ball from time to time and that's pretty much how the game went.
"… Maybe those last two games took a bit out of us, I don't know, but you need to turn up and play with just a bit more spark than that."
rugby-league
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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title: Compound Query Clauses
---

Compound query clauses wrap other leaf or compound queries and are used to
combine multiple queries in a logical fashion (such as boolean query), or to
alter their behaviour.

* [**_Logical Operators_**](logical-operators)
* [**_Maybe Operator_**](maybe-operator)
* [**_Filter Operator_**](filter-operator)
* [**_Elite Set Operator_**](elite-set-operator)
* [**_Range Searches_**](range-searches)
* [**_Geospatial Searches_**](geospatial-searches)

<!--
* `_max`          - Pick the maximum weight of any subquery. This matches the
                    same documents as a `_or`, but the weight contributed is
                    the maximum weight from any matching subquery (for `_or`,
                    it's the sum of the weights from the matching subqueries).
* `_wildcard`     - Wildcard expansion.
* `_scale_weight` -
* `_synonym`      -
 -->

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Libraries become a different kind of learning destination when schools reimagine them as open, transparent spaces that invite student communication and collaboration.
Printed books still play a critical role in supporting learners, but digital technologies offer additional pathways to learning and content acquisition. Students and teachers no longer need a library simply for access. Instead, they require a place that encourages participatory learning and allows for co-construction of understanding from a variety of sources. In other words, instead of being an archive, libraries are becoming a learning commons.
The design and implementation of the new library at Chicago's Francis W. Parker School epitomizes this concept as they transformed their traditional space with its cubicles and stacks (which essentially thwarted collaboration) into one that fostered learning and communication. To meet the needs of their teachers and learners, they constructed a flexible space with moveable chairs, desks, and even bookshelves. Small rooms can be opened up to allow for group projects, and the circulation desk as well as the sides of the stacks are writeable with dry-erase markers to encourage the collaboration and sharing that the previous space had discouraged.
Rather than focusing on the role that their library had played in the past, Francis W. Parker designed a space for what students need now and what the school could envision for the future.
I knew that I wanted the library to be a campfire space where students could gather, a collaborative space where they could work together in small groups, a transparent space where learning in the school could be seen through the windows, a more barrier-free space in terms of student use, and an innovative space where the design would reflect the innovations that are going on inside our campus.
In other words, she wanted to create a learning hub for the school community that would encourage teachers and students to collaborate, communicate, and share. To achieve that goal, the Westlake library includes glass walls, making the space literally transparent, as well as an outdoor area and a "juice bar" — combining the concepts of an Apple Genius Bar and a Starbucks.
Where traditional libraries are often characterized as places of silent, independent study, the spaces at both Westlake and Francis Parker have been transformed into centers of active learning.
Too often, the debate about the future of libraries centers around paper vs. eBooks or physical vs. digital. Instead of looking at technology as supplanting the traditional, we could explore the ways in which it enhances the traditional. Paul Hamilton from Sunshine Coast, Australia, uses a combination of paper, books, whiteboard paint, iPads, and augmented reality to create custom learning environments for his students. He wants them to interact with the content, the technology, the space, and each other in order to gain context and increase their knowledge.
The central purpose of this new learning environment is to encourage curiosity untrammelled by preconceptions or indeed physical barriers.
When every student has the potential to carry a global library on the device in his or her pocket, the role of physical libraries may become even more important, not just a place to house resources, but one in which to create meaning from them. The libraries of the 21st century provide a welcoming common space that encourages exploration, creation, and collaboration between students, teachers, and a broader community. They bring together the best of the physical and digital to create learning hubs. Ultimately, libraries will continue to inspire students to construct new knowledge and meaning from the world around them.


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Nigerian billionaire Femi Otedola has lost more than $400 million In 9 Weeks
Nigerian billionaire Femi Otedola has lost more than $400 million of his personal fortune over the last 9 weeks as the stock price of Forte Oil, the Nigerian-listed energy behemoth he controls, shed off 43.5% in value within that period.
In late February the share price of Forte Oil hit an all-time high of N342 per share after the Lagos-based utilities and petroleum marketing company released its impressive 2015 FY results and declared an attractive dividend of N3.45 per share. However, as at close of trading today (Tuesday), its share price has dropped to N193.46 after recording consistent daily losses over the past few weeks. Otedola, who is the company's controlling shareholder, has seen his paper net worth drop from $1.6 billion when FORBES published its annual ranking of the World's Billionaires in March, to $1.2 billion today, according to the FORBES' real-time billionaire scorecard.
A source at Forte Oil says that the drop in the company's share price is not unconnected to massive sell-offs of bonus shares from some of the company's retail investors. Last year, Forte Oil offered investors a bonus of 1 new share for every 5 ordinary shares they held. In total, Forte Oil declared roughly 216 million bonus shares for the 2014 business year. The bonus shares were only issued to investors a couple of weeks ago and they have been scrabbling to sell off their bonus shares on the market to cash in. This mass sell-off has precipitated the drop in the share price.
"This is only temporary. As you'll see, even though investors are selling off their bonus shares, there are institutional investors who are buying up all the shares on offer as evidenced by the volume of the transactions in the last few days. When all those bonus shares are cleared up by institutional investors, you'll see the share price rising again," the source said.
Of the 216 million bonus shares which have been issued, Femi Otedola received approximately 170 million.
Forte Oil PLC is primarily engaged in the distribution of petroleum products such as diesel, aviation fuel and Premium Motor Spirit (PMS). The company has over 500 company-owned, dealer-assisted and dealer-developed gas stations spread across the country, oil storage depots in Lagos and Rivers states, a Power plant and a Joint User Hydrant Installation facility in Lagos. The company also sells its own range of automobile lubricants. In 2014 the company was included in the Morgan Stanley Capital International Frontier Market 100 Index.
Credit: Forbes
Labels: Business, Femi Otedola, Forbes, Forte oil


Ronaldo knocked Messi off top spot this season, the Real Madrid striker scoring 51 in all, his penalty in the Champions League final taking his tally in the competition this year to a record smashing 17. Despite injuries, fatherhood and World Cup worries, Messi still came second with 41 goals in all club competitions, with Atlético's Diego Costa taking third spot and the "Zarra" award for the highest scoring Spaniard.
A total of 1,044 goals were scored in the league this season, 47 less than the year before. For the record, Real Madrid scored 104 of those and Barcelona 100, with league champions Atlético only netting 77. First division teams scored another 175 in Europe and 124 in the cup, making 1,343 in all. The highest scoring weekend was week 21, with 38 goals, and the lowest was week 7, with 17. See the weekly reports below for more details.
Congratulations to Thibaud Courtois, who not only won the Zamora prize for the second season in a row, but also helped Atlético to a tenth league title. Once again the Belgian keeper won by a big margin, with Barcelona's Víctor Valdés in second spot despite missing the last few games through injury, and Athletic Bilbao's Iraizoz in third.
Esteban (Almería) and Caballero (Málaga) were the only two who played every minute of every match this season, although like Courtois and Valdés they may well be moving on this summer. Some 43 keepers were used in total, including two outfield players, Gabi (Atlético) and Javi López (Espanyol), who had to replace Aranzubia and Casilla respectively after they were sent off with all three changes made.
Víctor Sánchez is the clear winner of this season's "Villains" award, the Espanyol midfielder picking up 20 yellow cards, three reds and five days' suspensions in all domestic club competitions, well ahead of second placed Gálvez.
Only one player was sent off in the last weekend of last season, Levante's Diop, and he is expected to miss the opening game of next year together with Azeez (Almería), Raúl García (Atlético), Piqué (Barcelona), Lacen (Getafe), and Roberto and Piti (Granada), who all completed the five yellow card cycle, as did Atlético coach Simeone.
There were a total of 2,278 yellow cards and 160 reds in the league and cup this year, much lower than the season before. On a club basis, the top villains were Málaga, Getafe and Sevilla, who clocked up 194, 184 and 181 points respectively. The lowest totals went to Real Sociedad, Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao with 106, 109 and 111 points.
José Antonio Teixeira Vitienes has got his own back on his big brother Fernando, the younger sibling walking away with our "White Stick" award this year. Last season Fernando pipped José Antonio at the death after producing a late run of red and yellow cards, but this year there was no doubt as J.A. waltzed to his second trophy.
Two old warhorses Muñiz Fernández and Ayza Gámez will be leaving us, both being relegated to the second division but consequently forced to retire due to the lower age limit at that level, and Delgado Ferreiro has also decided to hang up his whistle for personal reasons. They will be replaced by three new rookies, Bikandi Garrido, Jaime Latre and Melero López. As always, we wish them luck!


Ballet Linoleum Event is intended for both temporary and long-term use. This one-sided linoleum is ideally suited for both stage and dance studios, presented in more than 20 colors. A large selection of colors will allow you to choose the most suitable option for any room - from nightclubs and dance halls to stages and podiums. It is easy to paint with PVC-based paints, from the Tuchler catalog.
Handrail choreographic PS. made of pine. Diameter - 5 centimeters, length - 2 meters. Convenient, durable, spar. Used in stationary and portable mobile choreographic machines.
Dance floor Harlequin LIBERTY The ballet dance floor Harlequin LIBERTY is produced in a tour and stationary version. The only element that distinguishes the tour version from the stationary one is the base of the wood plate in order to: simplify the laying of the boards on the stage, prevent the base blocks from moving, protect during transportation and storage. Stacking time: 100 m per hour by efforts of 2 workers.
Dance floor Manero is a spring collection floor for ballet linoleum. Elements are connected together through a system of spike-in-the-groove and fixed by a frame around the perimeter. Used in dance studios, rehearsal rooms, and also on the dance floor.


Preheat the oven to 180°C (160°C with fan). To make the macarons sieve the icing sugar and cocoa powder into a bowl then add the ground almonds, stir well.
Separate the eggs for a meringue and keep the yolks aside for the filling. Beat the whites with a hand-held beater until turning white and frothy then slowly start adding the caster sugar one spoonful at a time. The meringue will turn glossy.
Add half the meringue to the almond mixture and stir in well then gently fold in the remainder until well mixed. Spoon the mixture into a large piping bag.
Pipe the macaron mixture into small circles on a lined baking sheet (approx. 3cm diameter) Leave to rest for 15 minutes then place in the centre of the oven and bake for 15 minutes. Remove from the oven and put aside until cool then lift carefully from the sheet.
For the filling mix the caramel, cornflour and egg yolks together in a microwavable bowl and place in a microwave for 1 minute at a time whisking in between until thick. Allow to cool.
Pair the macarons with others of similar size then use a layer of the filling to glue them together.


I might argue that technology is impartial within the sense that it can be used in either direction to do works of good or unhealthy. The Apple Watch Series 2 and Samsung Gear S3 are some best examples of smartwatches. As well as, the bill creates a grant program within the division that awards grants to highschool districts or public faculty lecturers in Colorado who wish to pursue additional schooling that may allow the academics to teach computer science courses.
International warming which largely is caused by modern technology (ever for the reason that 'modern' age started again with the Industrial revolution and the invention of the steam engine). Sadly the school had no management over the nationwide agencies determination and needed to concede.
Will probably be easier for them to grasp how a lack of human jobs on a farm may be seen as a disadvantage of know-how than to see how sprays or genetic engineering (biotechnology) might have disadvantages. In short, I feel trendy know-how simplifies our lives and we have all grown accustomed to it and we discover it crucial.
Particularly, the research of two,000 individuals in eleven nations uncovered nine novel new postures that people take when interacting with technology and working that have the potential to trigger ache and discomfort. The advantages of science and know-how far outweigh each perceived shortcoming.


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Character Sketch: Alton Miller
Part III- Rashard Miller
"The brightest stars cast the longest shadows."
— Will of Alton Miller, Archives of Hansen and Koch
Rashard Miller did not build New York City. To him it was simply here for the taking with the lucrative bright lights and the people of vision that seemed to trudge in and out of here with stars in their eyes or a look of defeated resignation. The city never swallowed him up, but it spit him back out with a red stain on his soul.
He built an empire out of that pain with Platinum records lining every wall of the corporate office. Rashard didn't own the electronic video billboard in the middle of Time Square or the plasma televisions that now brought movie theaters to people's homes, but he owned the stars that appeared in them. He owned the ones in movies, the ones in commercials— even the appear at the MET and it wouldn't be long before the Networks would be his too.
Rashard stood atop the world he now owned in an office of gleaming black and silver. It was night time outside and Broadway glimmered, a jewel of sparkling neon florescent lights. He relaxed, allowing his arms to fall at his back, his massive frame casting a large black shadow behind him. His shadows rose up next to him, four in total with striking silver eyes in a mass of complete darkness.
"The deed is done," they said in unison, four voices with one spirit.
"Good," he said with a grin breaking out on his face. Rashard was nearly as black as the spirits under his command. He wore slate gray suit with silver pinstripes with a purple shirt and tie tucked neatly underneath. "Everything is in place. Lets prepare for the funeral."
"There is one more thing."
Rashard raised an eyebrow as the shadows cowed slightly. "Is there a problem?"
"Koch asked us to relay a message. The football team, it is not under our control."
"That is a big problem," Rashard said, his voice growing dangerous. "My dad has owned that property for an entire season already. Why wouldn't it go to me?"
"This contract was not handled by our lawyers. He made an agreement with the Russell. Koch will know more."
"DeBerg…" He said with a measure of loathing. "Tell Koch to send me the contract details."
The shadows bowed and melted back into the darkness. They slithered across the black carpet like the wake from a deep-sea creature and under the door. Rashard turned towards his city, determined not to let any of it slip through his fingers.
I play a lot of video games and the best way to describe the challenge in writing this is in terms of a Bioware game. If you don't know what that is Google the company or games like Mass Effect or Dragon Age II. In those games I always paragon or the "good guy" route. The characters I create in those games generally do the right thing and oddly enough, the support characters that I choose to play with are pretty similar.
I don't like playing the bad guys in my video games and I don't like writing bad guy characters. Writing Antagonists are not my strong suit and Alton Miller was a challenge. To be really general about this because I'm not all that sure what is happening next in this novel, he's about as twisted as you think he is. To get around this I had to make him likeable to the point where the audience will still find him palatable despite all the bad things he's about to do
I other words, think Renegade Shepard. He's charismatic enough saves the world even though he acts like an asshole.
This entry was posted in Writing and tagged BIoware, Character Sketches, Goddess INC, Mass Effect, Mass Effect II. Bookmark the permalink.
← Character Sketch: Celia DeBerg
Character Sketch: Sarah Russell →


ANCHORAGE, ALASKA – Alaska Native Science and Engineering Program (ANSEP), with the University of Alaska, is seeking to remedy a number of education issues unique to rural Alaska communities and villages: high annual teacher turnover rates, a lack of ethnic diversity within the teaching ranks and a lack of educators specialized in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). This week ANSEP announced the launch of ANSEP STEM Teacher, which has a mission to help train, recruit and retain Alaskan students for careers in K-12 education across the state, especially rural areas and villages.
While increasing the number of Alaska-educated teachers with a STEM foundation, the program's academic development, mentoring and recruiting efforts will also address the lack of minority, particularly Alaska Native, educators in the state. According to a recent study by the UAA Center for Education Policy Research, about 80 percent of rural students are Alaska Native, but fewer than 5 percent of licensed teachers working in the state are Alaska Native.
According the National Center for Education Statistics, each year nearly 16 percent of teachers either move schools or leave the profession. However, high-poverty schools experience a teacher turnover rate of about 20 percent per calendar year nationally, roughly 50 percent higher than the rate in more affluent schools, according to the Alliance for Excellent Education.
ANSEP, which already works within the K-12 system to inspire as well as socially and academically prepare students to attend the University of Alaska to earn STEM degrees, will use ANSEP STEM Teacher to incentivize current university education students to pursue teaching careers in Alaska communities. The program will also seek to motivate youth to consider teaching in Alaska a rewarding career path. Beginning in middle school, ANSEP will put Alaskan students on a track to return to rural communities as teachers and help perpetuate a cycle of success in the education system.
ANSEP, in conjunction with the deans of the Colleges of Education at University of Alaska Anchorage and Fairbanks, will create and fund positions to ensure that Alaska's middle and high school as well as university students interested in teaching STEM receive the mentoring and support they need to earn necessary certifications. ANSEP STEM Teacher will also expand partnerships to promote professional development, mentoring and teaching career opportunities for the program's students throughout their studies.
To learn more about the Alaska Native Science & Engineering Program, visit www.ansep.net.


text:
Q: All three word combinations (in the same order) from a string Let's say we have a string with words:
1 2 3 4 5

I want all combinations of three words, but the order can't change. The string can be anywhere from 4 words up to 7 words long. Not longer as there would be too many combinations. So the result for the example 1 2 3 4 5 would be an array with strings:
1 2 3
1 2 4
1 2 5
1 3 4
1 3 5
1 4 5
2 3 4
2 3 5
2 4 5
3 4 5
I've been thinking about this for a while. One idea was to turn it into an array, generate a binary code for the amount of words and if it is a 1 then it shows the word and otherwise it doesn't (so you get anything from 11100 to 00111). But that's probably not optimal.
Speed matters in this case, as it possible has to be done tens of thousands of times within a few minutes.

A: I have used Vicky's answer and did some modifications.
I think this will work as you want
function everyCombination($array) {
    $tempcount = 3;                            //lenght of the combinations you want
    $arrayCount      = count($array);
    $maxCombinations = pow($arrayCount, $arrayCount);
    $returnArray     = array();
    $conversionArray = array();
    foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
        $conversionArray[base_convert($key, 10, $arrayCount)] = $value;
    }
    for ($i = 0; $i < $maxCombinations; $i++) {
        $flag = 1;
        $combination = base_convert($i, 10, $arrayCount);
        $combination = str_pad($combination, $tempcount, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
        $temp = strtr($combination, $conversionArray);
        for($j = 0; $j < $tempcount-1; $j++){

            if($temp[$j] >= $temp[$j+1] || $flag == 0)
                $flag = 0;
            else
                $flag = 1;
        }
        if($flag && strlen($temp) == $tempcount)
            $returnArray[] = $temp;
    }
    return $returnArray;
}

print_r(everyCombination(array(1,2,3,4)));

A: you can do it as:
<?php
function everyCombination($array)
{
    $arrayCount = count($array);
    $resultArray = array();
    $veryFinal = array();
    $maxCombinations = pow($arrayCount, $arrayCount);
    $returnArray = array();
    $conversionArray = array();
    foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
        $conversionArray[base_convert($key, 10, $arrayCount)] = $value;
    }
    for ($i = 0; $i < $maxCombinations; $i++) {
        $combination = base_convert($i, 10, $arrayCount);
        $combination = str_pad($combination, $arrayCount, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
        $returnArray[] = strtr($combination, $conversionArray);
    }
    $finalArray = array();
    foreach ($returnArray as $sepArray) {
        array_push($finalArray, array_unique(str_split($sepArray)));
    }
    foreach ($finalArray as $result) {
        $temp = implode(",", $result);
        if (count($result) == 3) {
            array_push($resultArray, $temp);
        }
    }
    $tempFinal = array_unique($resultArray);
    foreach ($tempFinal as $final) {
        array_push($veryFinal, $final);
    }
    return $veryFinal;
}

$res1 = (everyCombination(array(1, 2, 3, 4)));
$res2 = (everyCombination(array('a','b','c','d')));
var_dump($res1);
var_dump($res2);

It Gives:
array (size=24)
  0 => string '1,2,3' (length=5)
  1 => string '1,2,4' (length=5)
  2 => string '1,3,2' (length=5)
  3 => string '1,3,4' (length=5)
  4 => string '1,4,2' (length=5)
  5 => string '1,4,3' (length=5)
  6 => string '2,1,3' (length=5)
  7 => string '2,1,4' (length=5)
  8 => string '2,3,1' (length=5)
  9 => string '2,3,4' (length=5)
  10 => string '2,4,1' (length=5)
  11 => string '2,4,3' (length=5)
  12 => string '3,1,2' (length=5)
  13 => string '3,1,4' (length=5)
  14 => string '3,2,1' (length=5)
  15 => string '3,2,4' (length=5)
  16 => string '3,4,1' (length=5)
  17 => string '3,4,2' (length=5)
  18 => string '4,1,2' (length=5)
  19 => string '4,1,3' (length=5)
  20 => string '4,2,1' (length=5)
  21 => string '4,2,3' (length=5)
  22 => string '4,3,1' (length=5)
  23 => string '4,3,2' (length=5)
array (size=24)
  0 => string 'a,b,c' (length=5)
  1 => string 'a,b,d' (length=5)
  2 => string 'a,c,b' (length=5)
  3 => string 'a,c,d' (length=5)
  4 => string 'a,d,b' (length=5)
  5 => string 'a,d,c' (length=5)
  6 => string 'b,a,c' (length=5)
  7 => string 'b,a,d' (length=5)
  8 => string 'b,c,a' (length=5)
  9 => string 'b,c,d' (length=5)
  10 => string 'b,d,a' (length=5)
  11 => string 'b,d,c' (length=5)
  12 => string 'c,a,b' (length=5)
  13 => string 'c,a,d' (length=5)
  14 => string 'c,b,a' (length=5)
  15 => string 'c,b,d' (length=5)
  16 => string 'c,d,a' (length=5)
  17 => string 'c,d,b' (length=5)
  18 => string 'd,a,b' (length=5)
  19 => string 'd,a,c' (length=5)
  20 => string 'd,b,a' (length=5)
  21 => string 'd,b,c' (length=5)
  22 => string 'd,c,a' (length=5)
  23 => string 'd,c,b' (length=5)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Evan Williams (1845-1901); Mining/Banking magnate & Nevada politician
Senator Evan Williams (Univ. of Nevada-Reno archives)
PLOT 6 Family Mausoleum
Evan Williams was a Nevada political leader and prominent figure in Nevada mining and milling for 35 years.
Born in Wales and came to Nevada as a young man where he opened a butcher shop. He married Dora Foster in Virginia City, Nevada in 1868 and they had three children, Mabel, Enid and Evan Jr.
He worked as an accountant at the Crown Point Gold & Silver Mining Company. Superintendent of the Mexican Mill, Superintendent of the Nevada Mill & Mining Company and President of the Bullion Exchange Bank in Carson, Nevada.
The Bullion & Exchange Bank acted as a clearing house for other banks in Nevada for bullion, coin, scrip, drafts, checks, bills of exchange and other valuables. Williams was embroiled in a major investigation when a shortage of $60,000 in mining money was discovered. The Bullion Bank was accused of secretly depositing bars of bullion stolen from the shareholders of mines in the Comstock Lode.
Williams Family Mausoleum at Plot 6
He was business partners with United States Senator John Percival "J.P." Jones (Republican- NV) in the Comstock Mill & Mining Company. Williams later sued Jones over a series of business transactions.
He was elected to the Nevada State Senate in 1885 and in 1889 became the body's President pro Tempore. He served until 1891. His name was bandied about in 1889 to be a candidate for Governor, but he declined to run.
He died in San Francisco while being treated for cancer.
Make sure to read my posts on Nevada Governors C.C. Stevenson and Henry Blasdel, both of whom are buried at Mountain View Cemetery.
His daughter Enid was an accomplished pianist, who was killed in a stage coach accident at age 31. She was vacationing in Blairsden, Nevada with her mother when the horses of her coach were frightened, hurling her from the coach onto the rocky roadway where she fractured her skull. She is also buried in the family mausoleum.
SOURCES: University of Nevada-Reno archives; Reno Evening Gazette; Journal of Nevada Senate; Engineering and Mining Journal; The San Francisco Call; Ancestry.com
Lloyd Majors (1837-1884): First legal execution in Oakland
News account of Lloyd Majors and the type of noose commonly used for hangings
Lloyd Majors was the first man to be legally executed in Oakland and the third legal hanging in Alameda County (the other two being in San Leandro). Majors was executed after being convicted as the principal suspect in the double murder of a "wealthy, old bachelor" named William Renowden and a Canadian named Archibald McIntyre.
Majors was born in Garfield, Ohio and graduated Ann Arbor College in 1870 and began practicing law shortly thereafter. After practicing law for four years he became a Methodist minister before moving to California and buying a saloon in Los Gatos. He became a popular citizen in the small town, being elected Foreman of a lodge of United Workmen and being named Grand Marshal of their Fourth of July parade. His saloon, which was struggling to make money, burned to the ground. It was later learned that Majors carried a large insurance policy on the business. He used the insurance money to buy a 40-room hotel, but struggled to financially complete the construction.
In February1883, he announced that he entered into a partnership with Joseph Jewell, a painter and regular at the saloon, who claimed he had become heir to a fortune and would provide the money necessary to complete the hotel.
Jewell and Majors were then seen hanging out with a guy named John Showers and acting "suspiciously." They showed up at Renowden's cabin after spending the day drinking whiskey, claiming to be lost hunters in need of directions. Renowden was a recluse who allegedly buried his money near an isolated cabin. As Renowden walked the two men to the road, he was told to his put his hands in the air. McIntyre ran out of the cabin to the man's defense, but was shot by Jewell. The men hit Renowden on the head with a pistol and dragged him back to the cabin. When he refused to tell the men where he hid the money, he was doused with turpentine and set on fire.
The cabin was burned to the ground and the bodies of Renowden and McIntyre were found at the site. It was subsequently learned that Majors had made inquiries about Renowden's habits and wealth, even visiting different banks at San Jose in an effort to learn if Renowden had any money on deposit.
Jewell and Showers were allegedly paid $5 and a given a bottle of whiskey to participate in the murder.
The three defendants were tried in San Jose for the murder of Renowden, with Jewell being sentenced to hang and the other men sentenced to San Quentin for life. Jewell later made a full confession and implicated Majors as the main conspirator. Seventeen days after he was sent to San Quentin, Majors was ordered back to court and sentenced to hang. Governor George Stoneman delayed his hanging and Majors appealed to the California Supreme Court, which denied his appeal and ordered him to be executed.
After his conviction and sentencing to be hanged, Majors sought the consolation of religion and maintained his innocence. He told J. B Renowden, a brother of the victim, "You may draw my life's blood from my arm and with this pen I will write my innocence of all connection of the crime in my own blood. "
His hanging became a public sensation, as 400 people gathered in the jail yard to view the execution. News accounts say he was hanged at "twelve minutes past 12 o'clock" and that "his neck was clearly broken" after the bolt was pulled and a "dull thud" was heard. The crowd broke out in jeers and cheers.
The body was cut down and placed in a coffin for delivery to relatives, eventually making it to Mountain View Cemetery after no relatives claimed the body (his wife was apparently too ill).
Besides his widow, Majors left behind two little boys named Archie and Abie, who lived in Oakland and according to news accounts grew up to be "murderous bandits."
Fifteen years after the hanging, John Showers claimed that Majors was innocent and was convicted on his false testimony.
Sources: Celebrated Criminal Cases of America by Thomas Samuel Duke; Alameda County News; Sacramento Daily-Record; The Atchison Globe
Posted by Michael at 10:18 PM No comments:
Edward Tompkins (1815–1872): Attorney, UC Regent, State Senator
UC Regent & Senator Edward Tompkins (photo on left by Michael Colbruno)
Edward Tompkins was an attorney, University of California Regent and State Senator.
Tompkins was born in 1815 in rural Paris Hill, New York. Tompkins enrolled in Union University in Schenectady, NY in 1831 and joined the Sigma-Phi Society. Tompkins graduated, earned a law degree at Hamilton College, and practiced law in New York City and later Binghamton, NY as a partner to Daniel S. Dickinson. Tompkins married a Quaker woman, Mary Cook, from Bridgeport, Connecticut. She died several years later.
Tompkins moved to San Francisco, California in 1859. Standing atop Telegraph Hill, he looked around at the beautiful panorama and declared, "This shall be my home!" He soon found employment at the law firm of Halleck, Peacy & Billings, before being a co-partner with the firm Havens & Belknap. He later formed his own firm with his son.
In 1861, Tompkins married Sarah Haight, the half-sister of future California Governor Henry Huntly Haight. She was twenty years younger than Tompkins's. They built a home on the banks of Lake Merritt in Oakland.
In 1868, he purchased what became the Dunsmuir Estate in Oakland. The property was once part of one the largest land grants in California, issued to Luis Maria Peralta. When Tompkins died in 1872 he left the estate to his son, Gilbert Tompkins, an editor of the San Leandro Reporter. Josephine Wallace (Alexander Dunsmuir's future wife) was a cousin of the Tompkins family and often visited the estate as a child.
Tompkins was elected in 1869 to represent Alameda County in the California State Senate and became Chair of the powerful Judiciary Committee. In 1870 Tompkins, a self-described Constitutional Democrat, spoke in favor of ratification of the 15th Amendment and voted against a California Senate resolution opposing California's proposed ratification. The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
He is remembered today for endowing the Louis Agassiz Chair for Oriental Languages and Literature at the University of California where he had been elected to the board of regents. As a state senator Tompkins argued for the creation of the University of California as recommended by the previous governor, Frederick Low. The charter creating the university (then only an agricultural school) passed on March 23, 1868 and Tompkins was elected to a four-year term on the Board of Regents of the University of California later that same year.
Tompkins endowed the school's chair on September 18, 1872 only months before he died. His initial gift of 47 acres of land, which sold for $50,000 ($984,306 in 2015), was evaluated on June 30, 2008 at more than $5,700,000. Abraham Lincoln established the first University of California endowment when he signed the Morrill Act on July 2, 1862, thereby establishing the land-grant colleges and universities—including the University of California.
Tompkins said that he felt "deeply the humiliation" of seeing Asian students go to the East Coast "in search of that intellectual hospitality that we are not yet enlightened enough to extend to them. Tompkins's interest in Oriental studies grew out of his anticipation of expanded trans-Pacific commerce.
Upon Tompkins's death, his position on the board of regents was filled by his brother-in-law, former Governor H.H. Haight. Some of Tompkins's letters are archived with papers of his relatives at Bancroft Library.
Tompkins also had a role in the creation of Mountain View Cemetery. Along with Rev. Isaac Brayton and businessman Peter Thompson, Tompkns had acquired ownership and responsibility for Oakland Cemetery, which was located near Lake Merritt. Brayton owned land well out of town, which he believed to be a perfect place for new cemetery. The three men turned to Samuel Merritt, who lived on Madison Street, just a few blocks south of Oakland Cemetery. On December 26, 1863, Merritt called a pair of meetings that led to Brayton's property becoming Mountain View Cemetery.
Sources: Wikipedia, University of California at Berkeley archives (Bancroft Library), Historic American Landscapes Survey of the National Park Service, History of Alameda County: Volume 2.
Louis Thors (1841-1910): Famous San Francisco Photographer
Louis Thors (from Oakland Tribune); Gravesite photo by Michael Colbruno
PLOT 26, LOT 162
Louis Thors was one of the most famous photographers at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. He is one of many prominent photographers buried at Mountain View Cemetery, including daguerreotpists George Dornin and William Shew, bas-relief specialist Isaiah Taber and Edgar Cohen, who documented much of the 1906 earthquake. He also took one of the most famous pictures of fellow Mountain View Cemetery denizen, Ina Coolbrith, California's first Poet Laureate.
Thors was born in Amsterdam, Holland in 1845. He claimed to be of both French descent and a descendant of Dutch Golden Age painter Gerrit Lundens. He studied engineering, draughtsmanship, and cartography in France and served as a Merchant Marine.
After his family suffered a financial crisis in 1866 he decided to come to California a few years later. After dabbling in real estate and renching, he landed work as a retoucher with the aforementioned Isaiah Taber in 1872-73. He later worked for Thomas Houseworth's studio in 1874, and Bradley and Rulofson Photography in 1875-78, the major photographic studios in the city at the time. He set up the Thors Photographic Company in San Francisco at 1025 Larkin Street, where it operated from 1880-89. His studio later moved to 14 Grant Street and eventually to the Phelan Building on Market Street.
Composer Amy Beach (left) who he photographed on her visit to San Francisco in 1878; Ina Coolbrith in 1871 (right)
His first wife Katherine "Katie" worked at his studio until her death in 1889 from complications related to neck surgery. He later married Gertrude Thors, who was a noted photographer in her own right.
His studio in the Phelan Building, which included 12 "apartments," was considered one of the most beautiful offices in the city, prompting the San Francisco Call (August 17, 1898) to write:
"The apartments, specially built after original designs by Mr. Thors, are perhaps the most complete and the most elaborate this side of the Rockies, or, in fact, In the entire country- Everything from the magnificent reception room down to the minutest detail of the adjoining rooms is perfect and far and beyond the Slightest fault. On the lower or main floor of the new gallery are situated the reception room, directly connected with the street below by a special elevator erected for the purpose; five dressing rooms, each provided with every facility for which It has been designed; two dark rooms, an office, an artist's room, a finishing room, a fire proof negative vault in which are stored over 120,000 negatives, and a retouching room. All of these apartments are spacious, and contain every requirement for perfect work. The reception room is probably the most elaborate of its kind ever designed. It is over a hundred feet square, twenty feet high, with an artstained glass dome directly in the center over twenty feet in diameter. The decorations consist of a magnificent contrast of Egyptian red and black, the wall frescoing being of the former tint, and the heavy woodwork of the latter. On the upper floor are situated the print or fixing room, a tone room, a silver room, a special room for producing enlargements, and the main printing room, which extends a distance of thirty-eight feet, being covered overhead entirely of glass."
Thors became well known for using the Nadar process, which was an application of photogravure to portraiture in photography and is noted for its softness and tone. Thors was awarded the bronze prize at the Paris Exhibition in 1889 for mastering this technique. He became particularly noted for his photographs of women and specifically famous actresses of the day. He was known for viewing an actresses performance before shooting her portrait and prohibited the use of makeup. He was highly sought after by the elite ladies of high society to sit for their portraits.
Photos of Nance O'Neil, W.H. Carlton and Lulu Glaser by Louis Thors
He was elected Vice-President of Benjamin Falk's Copyright League, the national lobbying organization on behalf of photographers' property rights, and in 1904 was elected president of the California Professional Photographers Association.
After the devastating earthquake of 1906, Thors left the city and worked in St. Louis for two years as a traveling salesman in the western United States for the Artura Paper Company before returning to California in 1908. He reopened his studio but died of cancer two years later. He was buried in the Plot 26 at Mountain View Cemetery, which he bought for his first wife Katie.
Sources: Sacramento Daily Union, San Francisco Call, California Historical Society, University of New Hampshire archives, Oakland Tribune.
Evan Williams (1845-1901); Mining/Banking magnate ...
Lloyd Majors (1837-1884): First legal execution in...
Edward Tompkins (1815–1872): Attorney, UC Regent, ...
Louis Thors (1841-1910): Famous San Francisco Phot...


text:
Weather & Nature
Weather News and other Acts of Mother Nature that affect air, sea, or ground transportation and the movement of goods between countries or affect transportation withing a country. These are USUALLY short term.
Weekly Market Update: December 1, 2021
Latest News CN calls a halt to reopening in BC. Flooding in southern B.C. continues to present logistical challenges for exporters as Canadian National Railway Co. shut its service along the key freight corridor because of heavy precipitation and traffic…
Flights Canceled in Shanghai and Port ContainerYards Closed by Onset of Typhoon Chanthu
Due to the landfall of Typhoon Chanthu in the Shanghai region, air operations were suspended at Shanghai-Pudong International Airport (PVG) on September 13, with local announcements made in advance. All flights from and to PVG have also been pre-emptively cancelled…
Winter Storm Slams Northeastern US, Delaying Cargo Flow
A cold winter storm has arrived on the doorsteps of the US East Coast, with city officials bracing for wind, sleet, and up to two feet ( 0.6 m) of snowfall. The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey…
Market Update: COVID- 19 for August 4, 2020
Latest News Canada's State of Trade 2020: As Canada's Minister of Small Business, Export Promotion, and International Trade. Over the last few months, countries around the world have come together to fight the global pandemic, working to ensure the health…
Super Typhoon Yutu to Barrel towards Philippines, Taiwan this weekend
*Except from Accuweather.com October 26, 2018 After battering the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific at midweek, Super Typhoon Yutu will continue to charge toward southeastern Asia this weekend. For the next few days, Yutu will churn in the open…
Super Typhoon Mangkhut Set To Hit Hong Kong By Sunday
The Hong Kong Observatory has upgraded the wind speed of Super Typhoon Mangkhut to the highest level on the Beaufort Scale – meaning it currently has hurricane force winds. The Observatory initially estimated that the highest offshore wind speed could…
Strongest Typhoon to make a direct hit on the nation's main islands in 25 years
Typhoon Jebi on Tuesday struck the heart of one of Japan's largest metro areas, killing eleven people and shutting down Osaka's main international airport indefinitely. The storm also shuttered shops, factories and amusement parks. The storm was the strongest…


This week's I Want That Room comes with a suitably festive edge as we take a nose around the newly opened 24th ICEHOTEL in Swedish Lapland. Made from 1,800 tonnes of ice, this wintry work of art features a London Underground tube carriage (inspired by this year's 150th anniversary), a Frankenstein-esque science lab, pole-dancing polar bears and no less than 65 rooms created from snow, ice and "snice".
Created in collaboration with ice artists, a British film producer and street artists from Sweden and Brazil, the hotel showcases a wealth of eclectic design details including a large iced unicorn in a secret garden, a giant facial sculpture called "Narcissus" and an "It's Alive" suite with a hidden button that triggers a light installation to flow across the room. And then there's the largest and most luxurious hotel suite, measuring almost 50m², with an en-suite sauna and heated relaxation area.
Before The Big Bang suite.
It's Alive suite, with a hidden button that triggers a light installation show.
An ice tube carriage, to mark London Underground 150th anniversary.


text:
The American and English Encyclopedia of Law
JURISDICTION.1 1. Definition, 244.
(d) Cnited States and State 2. Various kinds of Jurisdiction, with
Courts, 295
Definitions Thereof, 251.
(e) States with Boundary Riv3. Constitutional Limitations as to
ers, 296. Jurisdiction, 252.
9. Incidental Jurisdiction ; Terms of (a) Furisdiction of the Judicial Court; see also Contempt of Vr'er the Executive Depart
Court, Courts, 296. ment, 253.
10. Jurisdiction Acquired by Consent, (6) Jurisdiction of the Judicial 299
Over the Legislative De- (a) Over Persons, 299. partment, and Over Political (6) Ozer Subject matter, 301. Questions, 257.
(c) Only Given to Judiciai Tri(c) Furisdiction of the Legisla
bunals, 303 tizie Over the Executite and II. Jurisdiction Taken Away, 303. Judicial Departments, 258.
(a) Generally, 303. 4. Superior or Inferior Courts or
(6) By Statute, 303. Courts of General and Limited
(c) By Consent, 305. Jurisdiction, 265.
(d) By Subsequent Events, 305. (a) Superior Courts, 267. 12. Jurisdiction Enquired Into, 306. (6) Inferior Courts, 268.
(a) When, 306. (c) Fustices' Courts, 270.
(6) By What Court, 307. 5. Presumption as to Jurisdiction, 270. (c) In What Manner. 309. (a) Of Superior Courts, 271.
(1) Nlotion to Dismiss, 309. (6) Of Inferior Courts, 274.
(2) Demurrer, 309. (c) Of Superior Courts Exer
(3) Plea, 309. cising Special Statutory
(4) Motion to Vacate FudgPowers, 275
ment, 310. 6. Jurisdiction Determined by Value,
(5) Certiorari. See Certio283
rari, 310. la) Courts of Original Juris
(6) Prohibition. See Prohidiction, 283
bition, 311.
(6) Courts of Appellate Juris-
(8) Habeas Corpus. See diction, 287.
Habeas Corpus, 311. 7. Exclusive Jurisdiction, 290.
13. Effect of Acting Without Jurisdic8. Concurrent Jurisdiction, 292.
tion, 311.
(a) Generally, 292
(a) Generally, 311.
(6) Law and Equity Courts, 293 (6) Illegal Courts, 312.
(c) Jurisdiction in Rem, 295. 14. Special Phrases Construed, 314. 1. Definition.- Jurisdiction is the authority by which judicial
1. Note as to Cross References. This HABEAS CORPUS; NONRESIDENTS; article discusses only such general PARTITION ; PARTNERSHIP; Quo principles affecting the question of WARRANTO; RECEIVERS; SUMMARY jurisdiction as can properly be treated PROCEEDINGS; Trusts, etc. etc. separately, and as are stated in the Jurisdiction Over Specific Persons.analysis. For the convenience of the See CONSULS AND AMBASSADORS; reader the following table of cross EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS; references is here given:
GUARDIAN AND WARD; IIABEAS Jurisdiction of Respective Tribunals CORPUS; PARTNERSHIP; RECEIVERS and Public Officers.-See ADMIRALTY; AND TRISTS, etc. etc. APPEAL; ARBITRATION; BANK- Jurisdiction in Rem.-See CRIMINAL RUPTCY; CoxsulS AND AMBASSA- PROCEDURE; EJECTMENT; EQUITY; DORS; COURTS; CRIMINAL PROCE- FOREIGN ATTACHMENT; PARTITION, DURE; Debts of DECEDENTS; EQUITY; etc. etc. ERROR, Writ oF; JUSTICE OF THE Jurisdiction in Personam.-See CRIMPEACE; MilitARY LAW (for Courts INAL ProcEDURE; EQUITY; HABEAS MARTIAL); PROBATE AND LETTERS CORPUS, NoxrESIDENTS; SERVICE OF ADMINISTRATION, etc. etc.
OF Process, itc. etc. Jurisdiction in Specific Actions.-See Jurisdiction Acquired and Lost.-See BONDS; DIVORCE; EMBEZZLEMENT; also APPEAL; CHANGE OF VENUE;
officers take cognizance of and decide causes, or, as it has been most frequently defined the power to hear and determine a cause.2 The definition thus limited implies that if a court having power to hear and determine a cause enters a judgment therein, the validity of such judgment is not affected by the power of the court to
Death; DISCONTINUANCE ; ERROR, cise their power." Hale's Anal., § 11. Writ oF; FOREIGN ATTACHMENT; "The power of hearing and determinNOTICE; REMOVAL OF CAUSES; SERV- ing causes, and of doing justice, in ICE OF PROCESS, etc. etc.
matters of complaint." Halifax Anal., Conflicts of Jurisdiction. — See CON- v. 3, c. 8, num. 4. FLICTS OF LAWS; CONSTITUTIONAL In the United States supreme court LAW; CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; HA- in 1832 the word was thus defined by BEAS CORPUS; INTERNATIONAL LAW; Mr. JUSTICE BALDWIN: " The power JUDGMENT; NONRESIDENTS; PARTI- to hear and determine a cause is juris TION; REMOVAL OF CAUSES, etc. etc. diction; it is 'coram judice,' whenever á
Effect of Acting without Jurisdiction. case is presented which brings thiv - See CONSTABLE; HABEAS CORPUS; power into action; if the petitioner JUDGE; JUDGMENT; JUSTICE OF THE states such a case in his petition that on PEACE ; MALICIOUS PROSECUTION; a demurrer the court would render SHERIFF, etc. etc.
judgment in his favor, it is an unIncidental Jurisdiction. See also doubted case of jurisdiction, whether CONTEMPT OF Court; Courts (for on an answer denying and putting in RULES OF COURT).
issue the allegations of the petition, the Restraint of Acting without Jurisdic- petitioner makes out his case, is the tion.-See PROHIBITION, WRIT OF. exercise of jurisdiction conferred by
Territorial Jurisdiction.-See CRIMI- the filing of a petition containing all the NAL PROCEDURE ; EQUITY; EJECT- requisites and in the manner prescribed MENT; NONRESIDENTS; SERVICE OF by law." U. S. v. Arrendo et al., 6 PROCESS; PARTITION, etc. etc.
Peters (U. S.) 691, 709. 1. Bouv. L. Dict. (15th ed.), vol. 2, And the same justice said later (1838)
that "jurisdiction is the power to hear 2. Definition.—There is perhaps no and determine the subject matter in word in English law that has been controversy between parties to a suit, more frequently defined than this of to adjudicate or exercise any judicial "jurisdiction." From the earliest times power over them; the question is, we find the question of its proper defini- whether on a case before a court, their tion engaging the attention of jurists. action is judicial or extrajudicial; withThus we find the following: "And out the authority of law, to render a jurisdiction is nothing. else than to judgment or decree upon the rights of have the authority of judging, that is the litigant parties. If the law confers of pronouncing judgment between the power to render a judgment or departies in actions against persons or cree,
then the court has jurisdicthings, according as they have been tion; what shall be adjudged or decreed brought into judgment by an authority between the parties, and with which is either ordinary or delegated, concern- the right of the case, is judicial action ing which we have spoken above con- by hearing and determining it." State cerning the powers of those who judge." of Rhode Island v. State of MassachuBracton De Legibus Angliae (Master setts, 12 Peters (U. S.), 657, 718. See of Rolls' ed. 1883), vol. 6, p. 159, or also Grignon's Lessee v. Astor et al., lib. 5, tract 5, fol. 400 v. "Furis- 2 How. (U. S.) 319, 338. dictio est potestas de publico introducta Many of the decisions in the State cui necessitate jurisdicendi, i Bulst. courts are to the same effect. Thus in 210." The case of the Marshalsea, 10 a recent case in Indiana (1887), the Coke 73a, or as translated by Mr. court, in reversing the court below on Burrill: " Jurisdiction is a power in- an appeal on the ground that the court troduced of common right [by public had not jurisdiction in the case, said: authority or for the common benefit] "Two things are absolutely essential to arising out of the necessity of declaring the power of a court to decide a legal the law."
controversy-jurisdiction of the subject "The right by which judges exer- matter and jurisdiction of the person.
enter the judgment in question. To escape this difficulty there is a tendency in the latest decisions in the United States to hold
Both must exist, otherwise it is the im- could collaterally revise and correct its perative duty of the court to decline to decision. Thus in a case where, in an do more than ascertain and declare adverse proceeding, a decree had been that it has no power to examine or de- entered restraining a municipal corcide the merits of the controversy. poration from granting to certain perAuthors and courts agree upon this sons the right to construct a railroad rudimentary principle of law. Neither on a city street, and subsequently a in reason nor upon authority can person had been adjudged guilty of a there be a doubt as to its soundness. contempt in not obeying that injunction, Power is essential to the validity of and fined on appeal to the court of every act, judicial, legislative or exec- errors and appeals, JOHNSON, J., in utive. Where there is no power to delivering the opinion of the appellate hear and determine, there can be no court, quoted the above definition from judicial decision. Expressions of indi- State of Rhode Island, State of Massavidual opinion there may be, but a' chusetts, 12 Pet. (U. S.) 718), ante, n. 2, judicial judgment there cannot be. A p. 245), and then continued: "This, Í judicial judgment is the product of apprehend, points to the true line of power—the power of the law—and is enquiry to determine the question of junot the mere expression of the individ- risdiction. We are not called upon to ual opinion of a judge. The question say whether the court decided right or is purely and intrinsically one of power, not in granting the injunction, but for the jurisdiction of a court consists whether it became their duty to decide solely in its power to hear and deter- either that it should be granted or demine the causes brought to its bar. If nied. If such was their duty, then jurisdiction does not exist, power is they had jurisdiction, and their decision, absent, and if power is lacking, an ex- be it correct or erroneous, is the law pression of opinion upon any other than of the case until it shall be reversed a jurisdictional question, although ju- upon appeal; and can only be quesdicial in form, is simply the opinion of its tioned upon a direct proceeding to author; valuable, it may possibly be, as review it, and not collaterally." Peo. an argument, but effective as the ple v. Sturtevant, 9 N. Y. 263, 267. opinion of the court it is not." Robert- And in 1809, in an action of ejectson v. State (Ind.), 7 West. Rep. 481, ment, wherein the defendants relied 488; s. c., 10 Northeast. Rep. 582, 583. upon a purchase at an execution issued Many of the State courts have defined on a judgment confiscating the said real jurisdiction as the power to hear and estate, the plaintiff contended that determine the cause. See Wightman the act did not authorize confiscation in v. Krasner, 20 Ala. 446; Goodman v. this case. The supreme court refused Winter, 64 Ala. 410; Tramwell . to consider this question, because the Town of Russellville, 34 Ark. 105; court which entered the judgment had Hickman v. O'Neal, 10 Cal. 292; Èx general jurisdiction in the action, and parte Bennett, 44 Cal. 84; Buch ú. Han- therefore its judgment, even if erroson,
70 Ill. 480; Schroeder v. Mer- neous, was not void, and could not be chants & Mec. Ins. Co., 104 Ill. 71; enquired into in a collateral proceeding. State v. Lazarus (La.), i South. Rep. Kempe's Lessee v. Kennedy, 5 Cranch 361, 391; Bumstead v. Read, 31 Barb. (U. S.) 173. (N Y.) 661; King v. Poole, 36 Barb. So in another early case in the (N. Y.) 242; Brownsville v. Basse, United States supreme court (1830), 43 Tex. 440; State v. Whitford, 54 where in a petition for a habeas corpus
to inquire into the legality of the 1. Alleged Defect in Definition. — If petitioner's imprisonment by virtue of jurisdiction is simply the power to hear a judgment of a United States circuit and determine, it follows that a court court, the petitioner alleged that the inhaving jurisdiction of a cause may dictments under which he was conenter whatever judgment it may think victed and sentenced to imprisonment, proper, because it is a principle of the charged no offence for which the priscommon law that the judgment of a oner was punishable in the court, or of court having jurisdiction is conclusive, which that court could take cognizance, and therefore there is no tribunal that and consequently that the proceedings
Wis. 150, 157
that jurisdiction is not only the power to hear and determine, but also the power to render the particular judgment entered in the particular case. 1
were coram non judice, the court re- ing magistrate, as that is a matter which fused the writ, MR. CHIEF JUSTICE ought to be decided by the magistrate. MARSHALL saying: "We have no power Ex parte Smith, 3 H. & N. 227; and to examine the proceedings on a writ where the jurisdiction of the court to of error, and it would be strange if, try and punish an offence is not denied, under color of a writ to liberate an in- another court on a hearing in habeas cordividual from unlawful imprisonment, pus will not enquire into the authority of we could substantially reverse a judg- the court to pass the sentence imposed, ment which the law has placed beyond nor is it necessary to set out the auour control. An imprisonment under thority of the court to pass such sena judgment cannot be unlawful unless ence on the return. Ex parte Brennan, that judgment be an absolute nullity; 10 Q. B. 492 (59 E. C. L.). and it is not a nullity if the court has In the case of inferior courts in Enggeneral jurisdiction of the subject, land the sentence will be enquired into. although it should be erroneous." Ex Thus in a case where a justice of the parte Watkins, 3 Pet. (U. S.) 193, 203. peace was empowered to impose a Relying on this decision it was held in penalty, half of which was to go to the the United States circuit court, sitting in informer and half to the overseers of New York, that "The circuit judge has the poor, and the justice gave the no jurisdiction to review, on habeas whole of the penalty to the corpus, the judgment of the circuit court, overseers of the poor, it was held on a conviction and sentence on an in- that the judgment was void, and that dictment, on an allegation that the the justice having arrested the defendstatute under which such sentence was ant for nonpayment of the penalty was imposed had been repealed before such liable for damages therefor in an sentence was passed." In re Callicot, action of trespass. Griffith v. Haines S Blatch. (U. S.) 89.
et al., 2 M. & W. 335 (1837). This, And so it has been held in the state however, simply follows the general courts that, in case of a commitment rule that the record of a justice of the under the judgment of a court having peace must show jurisdiction. jurisdiction, the record of the court 1. Definition Resulting from the will only be looked into on a habeas Latest Cases.—There is a very clearly corpus proceeding to ascertain whether defined attempt in the latest cases in a judgment exists, without regard to
the United States, however, to escape the question whether it be right or from the position that the judgment of wrong. Ex parte Winston, 9 Nev. 71; a court having jurisdiction to hear and People v. Shea, 3 Park. Cas. (N. Y.) deterinine is conclusive, by adding to 562.
the definition of jurisdiction a new That this is the law in England element, viz: that jurisdiction is not would seem to be clear. For while on merely the power to hear and detera writ of habeas corpus enquiry will mine, but also the power to render the be made into the question whether the particular judgment which
was court had lawfully acquired jurisdiction rendered. Thus in a recent case (1873), in the cases, thus noticing that an ar- in which it was decided that where a rest was made on Sunday and was county court having jurisdiction to autherefore illegal. Ex parte Eggington, thorize a sale of a decedent's estate for 2 El. & Bl. 717 (75 E. C. L.). Or that his debts does autnorize it, and the the party petitioner was privileged sale is made, the sale must be presumed from arrest. Ex parte Dakins, 16 C. in this court to have been regularly B. 77 (81 E. C. L.). Or that the offence made. Mr. JUSTICE SWAYNE, in dewas not indictable. Bushel's Case, 6 livering the opinion of the court, said: Howell's St. Trials 999. Yet it has "The settled rule of law is that jurisdicbeen expressly decided that it is not tion having attached in the original competent at the hearing on a habeas case, everything done within the power corpus proceeding for a person to show of that jurisdiction, when collaterally by affidavit that the offence of which he questioned, is to be held conclusive of was convicted was not committed the rights of the parties, unless imwithin the jurisdiction of the convict- peached for fraud." Cornett
Williams, 20 Wall. (U. S.) 226, 250. and it appeared that such revision had
And in 1876, in a case where the title been directed and made in the manner to certain real estate was involved, it prescribed by law, the supreme court, on was held that a prior confiscation of this a writof habeas corpus,refused to enquire real estate, in a proceeding for a for- into the question whether there was in feiture in which the record showed that fact a mistake, and whether the change no notice had been given to the owner, in the sentence was justifiable. Ex was void. MR. JUSTICE FIELD, in de- parte Reed, 100 U. S. 13. livering the opinion of the court, refers In 1879 in the election cases arising to the preceding cases, quotes the out of the act of congress making cerlanguage used in Cornett v. Williams, tain acts by election officers a penal of20 Wall. (U. S.) 226, 250 (cited supra), fence against the United States, the suas an accurate statement of the doctrine, preme court decided that the jurisdicand further says that "the doctrine" tion exercisable by them in habeas that when a court has once acquired corpus proceedings extended to an enjurisdiction, it has a right to decide quiry into the question whether the act every question which arises in the cause, under which the petitioner had been and its judgment, however erroneous, tried, convicted and sentenced was or cannot be collaterally assailed, is un- was not constitutional, whether the doubtedly correct as a general proposi court had jurisdiction to review the tion, but, like all general propositions, is judgment by writ of error or not. Ex subject to many qualifications in its ap- parte Siebold, 100 U. S. 371. plication. .:: The doctrine is only And in the Kuklux case, MR.JUSTICE correct when the court proceeds after MILLER, in delivering the unanimous acquiring jurisdiction of the cause, ac- opinion of the court, says: "That this cording to the established modes court has
general authority governing the class to which the case to review on error or appeal the belongs, and does not transcend in the judgments of the circuit courts of extent or character of its judgment the the United States in cases within law which is applicable to it. Windsor their criminal jurisdiction is beyond i'. McVeigh, 93 N. S. 274, 282, 283. question, but it is equally well settled that
In like manner, although it has been when a prisoner is held under the expressly decided in the United States sentence of any court of the United courts that the question whether a States in regard to a matter wholly bematter for which a party is indicted in yond or without the jurisdiction of the the district court is or is not a crime court, it is not only within the authority against the laws of the United States of the supreme court, but it is its duty is within the jurisdiction of said district to enquire into the cause of commitcourt, whose decision thereon will not ment when the matter is properly be reviewed in the supreme court by brought to its attention, and if found to habeas corpus. Ex parte Watkins, 3 be, as charged, a matter of which such Pet. (U.S.) 193, 203; Ex parte Parks, a court had no jurisdiction, to discharge 93 U. S. 18.
Yet in a case where a a prisoner from confinement. court had imposed a fine and imprison- It is, however, to be carefully obment, and the statute only conferred served that this latter principle does power to punish by fine or imprison- not authorize the court to convert the ment, and the fine was paid, and the writ of habeas corpus into a writ of error court then, at the same term, modified by which the errors of law committed by its judgment by imposing imprison- the court that passed the sentence can ment instead of the former sentence, be reviewed here; for if that court had the supreme court, on a writ of habeas jurisdiction of the party and of the ofcorpus, released the prisoner, on the fence for which he was tried, and has ground that the second sentence was not exceeded its powers in the sentence void for want of power to impose it. which it pronounced, this court can enEx parte Lange, 18 Wall. (U. S.) 163. quire no further." Ex parte Yarbrough, A strong dissenting opinion was, how- 110 U. S. 651, 653. ever, filed by Mr. JUSTICE CLIFFORD, In accordance with this modern idea and MR.JUSTICE STRONG also dissented. of jurisdiction is the late case (1887) But in a subsequent case, where a court in the United States supreme court of martial had revised its sentence and Rosenbaum v. Bauer. In that case a imposed one more severe, and it ap- suit was begun in a State court between peared that the court had power to so citizens of different States, in which the sevise their sentence in case of mistake, plaintiff prayed for a mandamus. The


text:
-Kunst
"Kunst"
Label: Dependent (2013)
"Kunst" is coming, a new KMFDM album bearing this title will be released in Europe on March 1st 2013. The front cover depiction of a Russian cross being 'deconstructed' by a bare-chested female protagonist – with a chainsaw - is no random provocation, but is based on the performance art of the Ukrainian feminist movement FEMEN, who have used this somewhat drastic measure to empathise with the Russian political activist group PUSSY RIOT, to whom KMFDM have dedicated a song bearing their name. With resistance to authoritarian and religious regimes as its subject matter, this is territory previously mapped out by KMFDM, as the promotion of civil resistance has become one of the prime motivations for the group and their chief protagonists Käpt'n K (Sascha Konietzko) and female vocalist Lucia (Cifarelli) since the dawn of the 1990s.
With additional sonic re-enforcement provided by guitarists Steve White and Jules Hodgson, plus drummer Andy Selway, KMFDM combine gloriously once again on "Kunst" in fusing heavy bass grooves and relentless guitar samples with mechanical electronic drums and the notoriously self-referential slogans that have brought them notoriety throughout the industrial and metal scenes, in the United States and Europe alike. This winning formula can be heard in full effect on new songs such as "Ave Maria", "Animal Out" and the anthemic title track.
Crosses and chainsaws are not only tied together by alliteration in KMFDM's universe, but also by musicaland political deconstruction. Is this "Kunst"? See for yourself on the band's extensive 2013 spring tour.


Supervised student teaching for 12 weeks, full-time or the equivalent with students in urban grades 5-8 for teacher candidates seeking 5-12 licensure. Weekly reflections, periodic seminars with other student teachers, and the development of a standards-based portfolio are also required.
Fee: $275 for required edTPA submission. Note: Application and approval required to student teach. Placement made by arrangement with UTP Director of Field Experiences in urban classrooms and are typically Monday through Friday for 12 full-time weeks during the school day.


text:
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text:
Q: Adverb position in "Listen carefully to what I say" I've come across the phrase "Listen carefully to what I say" and I'm really not sure why carefully has gone in between listen and to. It doesn't happen with other verbs; you don't "switch carefully on the light", for example.
When can an adverb follow a verb, and when can it not?

A: I think I've isolated the problem here.
Carefully (or some other adverb) sounds "natural" when it follows intransitive verbs, and "unnatural" when the verbs are transitive.
According to this wikipedia article:

Some verbs allow for objects but do not always require one. In other words,  a verb may be used as intransitive in one sentence, and as transitive in another:

Compare:

*

*I drink happily

*I drink happily to your health

*But not I drink happily the beer. It's I drink the beer happily
JR's comment mentions look carefully before... sounding right and place carefully the souffle sounding wrong. The latter sounds wrong because it has a direct object.
Listen is always intransitive (Oxford). So no worries there.
Also, the adverb can't split phrasal verbs, I think. Listen to isn't one (contrary to what you state in your question, see the Oxford definition above); switch on is (Oxford).
You can say "Harry and Ginny gladly made out", or 'made out gladly'; but not "Harry and Ginny made gladly out"
EDIT: As Greg Lee points out in the comments, the right used informally in cases like You're gonna fit right in is  not an adverb, but a modifier for the preposition or the prepositional phrase, and doesn't violate this rule.

A: It's helpful if we look at this definition of careful from Merriam:

a :  marked by attentive concern and solicitude

It might be stressing on the world "listen", so that the addressee will give his/her full attention to the addressor.
As for "switch carefully on the light", the more appropriate usage would probably be "switch carefully on the next lane" or if you wanted to go with the light, you can "carefully switch on the light".


text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe Projects::GitHttpController do
  describe 'HEAD #info_refs' do
    it 'returns 403' do
      project = create(:project, :public, :repository)

      head :info_refs, params: { namespace_id: project.namespace.to_param, project_id: project.path + '.git' }

      expect(response.status).to eq(403)
    end
  end

  describe 'GET #info_refs' do
    it 'returns 401 for unauthenticated requests to public repositories when http protocol is disabled' do
      stub_application_setting(enabled_git_access_protocol: 'ssh')
      project = create(:project, :public, :repository)

      get :info_refs, params: { service: 'git-upload-pack', namespace_id: project.namespace.to_param, project_id: project.path + '.git' }

      expect(response.status).to eq(401)
    end

    context 'with exceptions' do
      let(:project) { create(:project, :public, :repository) }

      before do
        allow(controller).to receive(:verify_workhorse_api!).and_return(true)
      end

      it 'returns 503 with GRPC Unavailable' do
        allow(controller).to receive(:access_check).and_raise(GRPC::Unavailable)

        get :info_refs, params: { service: 'git-upload-pack', namespace_id: project.namespace.to_param, project_id: project.path + '.git' }

        expect(response.status).to eq(503)
      end

      it 'returns 503 with timeout error' do
        allow(controller).to receive(:access_check).and_raise(Gitlab::GitAccess::TimeoutError)

        get :info_refs, params: { service: 'git-upload-pack', namespace_id: project.namespace.to_param, project_id: project.path + '.git' }

        expect(response.status).to eq(503)
        expect(response.body).to eq 'Gitlab::GitAccess::TimeoutError'
      end
    end
  end
end


text:
<?php
/* @var $this yii\web\View */
/** @var $items array */

use backend\widgets\PrepareItem;
use yii\bootstrap\Html;
use yii\helpers\Url;

$to_send = Url::to(['send']);
$to_photo = Url::to(['photo']);
$count = count($items);
$js = <<<JS
var automatic = false;
var num = 1;
$('#submitAll').click(function() {
    automatic = true;
    $(this).hide();
    $('form.item').first().submit();
});
$('form.item').on('beforeSubmit', function() {
    var form = $(this);
    $.post('{$to_send}', form.serialize(), function(data) {
        if (data) {
            savePhoto(form, 0);
        } else {
            form.parents('.box').addClass('box-danger');
            nextItem(form);
        }
    });
    return false;
});
function progress(n) {
    var percent = Math.ceil(n/{$count}*100);
    $('.progress-bar').width(percent + '%').text(percent + '%');
}
function nextItem(form) {
    if (automatic) {
        progress(num++);
        form.parents('.box').next('.box').find('form.item').submit();
    }
}
function savePhoto(form, n) {
    var len = form.find('.photo').length;
    $.post('{$to_photo}', form.find('.photo').eq(n).serialize() + '&id=' + form.attr('id').replace('p', ''), function(data) {
        //console.log(data);
        if (len == n) {
            form.parents('.box').fadeOut();
            nextItem(form);
        } else {
            savePhoto(form, n+1);
        }
    });
}
$('select').change(function() {
    if (this.dataset.value) {
        if (confirm("Create an alias?")) {
            window.open("/alias/create?category=district&name=" + this.dataset.value + "&id=" + $(this).val());
        }
    }
});
JS;

$this->registerJs($js);

?>

<?= Html::button(Yii::t('app', 'Send'), ['class' => 'btn btn-primary btn-lg', 'id' => 'submitAll']) ?>

<?php foreach ($items as $item): ?>

    <?= PrepareItem::widget([
        'sale' => $item['sale'],
        'content' => $item['content'],
        'image' => $item['image'],
        'origin' => $item['origin'],
        'parse' => $item['parse']
    ]) ?>

<?php endforeach; ?>


text:
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
          xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
          xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
          xmlns:src="http://nwalsh.com/xmlns/litprog/fragment"
          xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
          version="5.0" xml:id="refentry.date.profile.enabled">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>refentry.date.profile.enabled</refentrytitle>
<refmiscinfo class="other" otherclass="datatype">boolean</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>refentry.date.profile.enabled</refname>
<refpurpose>Enable refentry "date" profiling?</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>

<refsynopsisdiv>
<src:fragment xml:id="refentry.date.profile.enabled.frag">
<xsl:param name="refentry.date.profile.enabled">0</xsl:param></src:fragment>
</refsynopsisdiv>

<refsection><info><title>Description</title></info>

<para>If the value of
<parameter>refentry.date.profile.enabled</parameter> is non-zero, then
during <tag>refentry</tag> metadata gathering, the info profile
specified by the customizable
<parameter>refentry.date.profile</parameter> parameter is used.</para>

<para>If instead the value of
<parameter>refentry.date.profile.enabled</parameter> is zero (the
default), then "hard coded" logic within the DocBook XSL stylesheets
is used for gathering <tag>refentry</tag> "date" data.</para>

<para>If you find that the default <tag>refentry</tag>
metadata-gathering behavior is causing incorrect "date" data to show
up in your output, then consider setting a non-zero value for
<parameter>refentry.date.profile.enabled</parameter> and adjusting the
value of <parameter>refentry.date.profile</parameter> to cause correct
data to be gathered. </para>

<para>Note that the terms "source" and "date" have special meanings in
this context. For details, see the documentation for the
<parameter>refentry.date.profile</parameter> parameter.</para>

</refsection>
</refentry>


Fazenda Coffee Roasters offers the highest quality seasonal beans, expertly roasted in small batches. They roast daily to provide uncompromised excellence delivered right to your door.
For Fazenda Coffee Roasters, quality doesn't just mean reaching the highest standards in roasting, or delivering consistently delicious, aromatic coffees.
The best part? Our team-up with Fazenda means you earn benefits with every order, just like at iDine restaurants! All you have to do is pay with a registered credit or debit card.