During 2017 the South African truck market declined by 2.65% on the previous year's results to 25 042 new unit sold. There is, however, some good news on the horizon with Gert Swanepoel, managing director of UD Trucks Southern Africa, forecasting a slight 1.5% growth in sales during the year to come for a total truck market of an estimated 25 418 new units.
According to the latest results released by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa (Naamsa), Associated Motor Holdings (AMH) and Amalgamated Automobile Distributors (AAD), the Extra Heavy Commercial Vehicle segment recorded the only increase in sales year-on-year, by only 0.96%, concluding 2017 on 11 967 units.
Sales in the Heavy Commercial Vehicle segment were down by 4.76% to 5 290 units, while a 6.37% decline in sales was recorded in the Medium Commercial Vehicle segment, to a final figure of 7 785 units at the end of 2017.
According to Swanepoel, the lack of growth in the local economy has continued to negatively impact the local truck market. "With recent political changes in mind, we are hopeful that business confidence will return to more positive levels, which will certainly encourage businesses to invest in their fleets," he says.
He points to one of the good signs for the truck industry as being that Gross Fixed Capital Formation – or the rate at which businesses add fixed assets such as plant, machinery and equipment to their inventories – saw an upturn to 4.3% during the third quarter of 2017, with 37% attributed to the acquisition of new transport equipment.
Looking at truck sales from South Africa to other countries, total export sales from South Africa declined 5.54% to 946 units when compared to 2016's results. In the Heavy Commercial Vehicle segment, there was a significant increase of 25.58% in sales to 162 units. However, Extra Heavies declined by 0.59% to 669 units, while Medium Commercials took a heavy knock of 41.92% to sell only 115 units.
"We are expecting sales in the export countries to increase during 2018, forecasting growth across all segments for a total sales estimate of around 990 units," says Swanepoel.
To gain even more traction in the Eastern African markets, UD Trucks has secured a new partner in Kenya to establish a CKD (Completely Knocked Down) assembly facility, which will include the production of UD Trucks units.
"Due to local Kenyan regulations, a CKD plant is key to any success in that market. We already have a product plan in place and believe that UD Trucks' line-up will be ideally suited to local road and operating conditions," he says.
But while truck sales were not anything to write home about during 2017, UD Trucks was not idle during 2017 having invested R30-million in the modernisation of its Rosslyn assembly plant to mirror the company's Ageo plant in Japan. Further investments will continue in 2018.
"A lot of emphasis was placed on real estate, tooling and equipment as well as acquiring new jigs, fixtures and implementing a new material supply system," says Aubrey Rambau, director of manufacturing at the UD Trucks Assembly Plant in Rosslyn.
Last year, UD Trucks Southern Africa also trained 1 247 dealer and customer staff at its Competence Development Centre in Rosslyn, including 92 diesel mechanic apprentices – a highly sought-after skill in the transport industry.
During 2017, UD Trucks gained some ground in the Heavy Commercial Vehicle segment with the launch of its new Croner range in June 2017, claiming the second position in this portion of the market with a 19.53% share.
During 2017, UD Trucks gained some ground in the Heavy Commercial Vehicle segment with the launch of its new Croner range in June 2017, claiming the second position in this portion of the market with a 19.53% share. It was also the top performing Japanese manufacturer in the Extra Heavy Commercial Vehicle segment with a 9.24% market share.
With 38 dealers in South Africa and 14 dealers and 21 service sites in 14 other markets across southern and eastern Africa, customers are assured of comprehensive support no matter where they operate in the region.
Growth in the South African economy is dependent on a successful transport industry. That is why UD Trucks Southern Africa is passionate about solving the challenges customers are facing in the local transport industry.
"In the year to come, UD Trucks Southern Africa will optimise its model line-up even further to address fleet owners' specific business and operational requirements. Along with in-house financial solutions through UD Financial Services and modernised digital communication, UD Trucks is determined to provide the trucks and services the world needs today. This commitment has driven the company's innovation for over 80 years worldwide, and for more than 55 years in southern Africa," says Swanepoel.
The company gained some extensive ground in the latest industry Customer Satisfaction Index, moving up from overall seventh position to the third spot in 2017.
"We are committed to listening to our customers and importantly, the drivers of UD trucks across the region, and tackling issues together to create the most efficient transport solutions for all involved," concludes Swanepoel.


Eyes & Ears eNews is the online newsletter of Eyes & Ears of Europe - the association for design, promotion & marketing of audiovisual media. Eyes & Ears eNews regularly provides information on current topics in the fields of design, promotion and marketing. For each mailing, Eyes & Ears eNews reaches around 10,000 industry players, multipliers and promoters in Germany, Europe and internationally without any wastage. Each year, approximately 12 issues are published in German and English. Depending on your membership, you also have a free quota of job advertisements that are published in Eyes & Ears eNews and on our website.
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Dalston Lane's heritage reaches the end of an age
by Emma Henderson/ February 26, 2015/ Features, General Features/ No Comments/
Partly demolished buildings in Dalston Lane. Pic: Emma Henderson
As London expands and property prices continue to rise, yet more costly private housing spills into the East End, but it won't be solving London's housing crisis; instead it's costing London its heritage and community.
Watching from number 58, Dalston Lane, John Wearn witnessed his old shop being torn down, making way for private apartments. Bright yellow diggers are clearing up the historic rubble, hiding behind barricades plastered with CGI images of the new buildings and the phrase "open as usual".
John's cramped temporary shop is only a few doors down from his old and beloved building, home to his family shop Sound and Music for over 30 years. He was the last shopkeeper to leave the Georgian terrace. The buildings, which date from 1807, will be re-built in a "heritage likeness" style – attempting in vain to undo the irreversible damage.
Dalston Lane lost the battle to keep its much-loved heritage despite local protest. Its once grand Georgian houses have now been demolished, resembling ugly shells of their former selves. The insides are now outside, broken and ruined. They will be replaced with modern shops and private flats.
Phase one of the demolitions involved tearing down the most significant and ornate of the terrace buildings. "We were the last ones out. I was in number 66, it was the most beautiful building. Now I've been moved into this little shop, there's no room for everything".
This architectural loss is not a one of a kind in Dalston. In the past, the area has lost the old station building, the 1920s Gaumont cinema in 2007, which was replaced with housing and other buildings on Ashwin Street in 2010. "Over the last ten years we will now have lost 80 per cent of what was there", according to Lisa Shell, a local architect, Hackney Society committee member and Save Dalston Lane campaigner.
Lisa said: "I tried to get number 66 listed as a Grade II building with English Heritage, but it didn't work. It was worth a go. They only list buildings that are of national significance, but these buildings are clearly just of local significance. It doesn't have to be important to the whole country."
"They were savable, perfectly repairable", said Oliver Leigh-Wood, chairman of the Spitalfields Trust, who has 35 years experience saving houses. He got in touch with Lisa, offering a resolution. "We wanted to buy and repair the houses and put them back on the [affordable housing] market", he said.
John Wearn's family shop, which was over 30 years old. Pic: Emma Henderson.
On a dismal Friday morning in January, John's bright red shop is bulging at the seams. It's full of everything that you can imagine musical; from classic guitars to DJ decks. His business now sits at the edge of phase one, next to the demolition. A small pathway winds to the counter, where sound systems, keyboards and other musical paraphernalia pave the way. They are carefully stacked up and occupy every inch available. The shop is already suffocating inside its new interior. His brother and son tightly squeeze past to maneuver around the shop.
It is so cramped John is worried about storage: "My business has definitely been affected by everything that's happened and the move. We've got to keep going, I've got to think of my boys. I can't just up and move somewhere else. People know us here and we're part of the community. If I left, I'd have to start from scratch and that's hard to do these days, especially after a recession".
John has already been through tough times. There were widespread fires in 2004. He said: "Luckily our building was relatively ok. I mean, the roof was ruined, but others were totally ruined but we made it back from that." After the fires, the buildings were put into a conservation area and shopkeepers thought that would be the end of it the problem as the buildings wouldn't be knocked down.
Once recovered from the fires, John and others were told they would have the opportunity to bid at auction to buy their shops. But, the shops were being sold as one lot and not individually. "No one here could buy them then. It wasn't fair", said John.
Shell says: "Very few local people would be able to afford those new flats. It will be investors; it makes perfect sense for investors. What's horrible is seeing the buildings being harvested for materials." The old London bricks are being cleaned, packed up and probably sold off again.
It's not just Hackney that's suffering. In Tower Hamlets, the old Queen Elizabeth Children's Hospital is being turned into private flats, but it will keep its original Grade II listed façade. The Duke of Wellington pub in Spitalfields, which is also in a conservation area, faces developments under the new ownership of Mendoza. These aren't in keeping with the traditional Victorian design, with a proposal to turn the upper floor into private flats.
Further afield in Newcastle, the historic Grade II Barclays House, where The Beatles wrote their 1963 single "She Loves You", will be turned into student flats. But Liverpool managed to save its iconic Madryn Street after proving Ringo Starr had lived there, enabling it to be granted Grade II listed status.
Dalston Lane is now a wreckage site, where the history has been turned to rubble, hidden behind the shiny images of the new "heritage likeness" scheme.
Valentine's taxidermy: If love is dead, then stuff it
by Serina Sandhu/
Why Holi's the most colourful festival of the East London calendar
by Yuvan Kumar/
Goldsmiths Professor wins Fight Against Stupidity Award
by Puja Mazumder/
Mother illegally housed in B&B for over five months
Two thirds of Croydon adults overweight or …

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


First Baptist Church Presents "When Christmas Comes"
First Baptist Church presents "When Christmas Comes" Sunday at 6:30 p.m. in the fellowship hall.
The program will include the church choir, praise band and narrators sharing the music of Christmas.
First Baptist Church is located at 101 South Second Street in Cochran.


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The dog was bolted inside the dark transporter, which was canvassed in a red and white towel.
Spokane County Regional Animal Protection Service (SCRAPS) were immediately called to the scene.
Stunning subtleties of the deserted pet's demise have now risen.
As indicated by a Facebook post, a dissection demonstrated the pooch died of starvation and lack of hydration.
SCRAPS state the pooch's demise was plainly "excruciating and delayed".
The animal's cause for death was resolved as starvation and lack of hydration.
It is obscure to what extent the poor dog spent inside the box without food and water.
She was additionally found to have weight injuries on her feet.
Experts are currently hunting down those in charge of dumping the pooch.
Animal lovers have additionally pummeled the flighty pet gardian.
Katie Mae Youngren stated: "The LEAST they could've done is simply given her a chance to run free.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Garage Door Springs – Should I Replace With One or Two?
What is a garage door spring and where do I look for it? It is that object that is located above the garage door that looks like a coil or spring. The proper name used in the garage door industry is called a torsion spring.
A torsion spring is a spring that works by torsion or twisting; that is a flexible object that stores mechanical energy when it is twisted. When it is twisted, it exerts a force (actually torque) in the opposite direction, proportional to the amount (angle) it is twisted.
So why would it be important to have one or two garage door springs on a standard two car garage door?
With a single torsion spring application, if the garage door is in the closed position and the torsion spring breaks most people cannot lift the door and anything inside the garage is going to stay inside the garage.
If the garage door is in the open position and the door starts coming down, and the single torsion spring breaks in mid travel the garage door opener will most likely not be able to stop the garage door from falling and crushing anything that is in its path. i.e. person, pet, vehicle etc.
With a double torsion spring application, if the garage door is in the closed position and one of the two torsion springs breaks, there is usually enough power in the other torsion spring for you to still lift the garage door and get your car in or out. The garage door is still going to be heavy but not unmanageable to lift. You can use your garage door opener and help assist the door up yourself.
If the garage door is in the open position and starts coming down and one of the two torsion springs break in mid travel, there is usually enough power in the other torsion spring for the garage door opener to either bring the garage door back up or let it down slowly.
Why we use oil tempered torsion springs.
Zinc or galvanized torsion springs are a good spring however, they tend to lose a lot of tension within the first 30 – 45 days after installation. When a torsion spring loses tension it puts a lot of undue wear and tear on the garage door opener. The garage door opener will have to be replaced a lot sooner rather than later. The torsion springs are what do all the work, it is a counter balance system. The garage door opener is there to take the place of you having to open or close the garage door manually by hand.
What kind of garage door torsion springs are used?
If there is one spring broken on a standard size 16 x 7 (two car) garage door and there is two torsion springs above the garage door, Will the company replace only one spring? or both?
If there is only one spring on a standard size 16 x 7 (two car) garage door, Will the company replace only the one torsion spring or change it to a two torsion spring system?
What kind of warranty is given with the torsion spring replacement? One year? Two year? Three year?
Does the company use sub-contractors or company employees?
So as you can see, there are a lot of different variables and questions that should be asked BEFORE you replace the garage door torsion springs. It really is a very dangerous job and a professional service technician skilled in replacing the torsion springs should be called upon. In the garage door industry finding a skilled service technician, that understands the true IPPT (Inch Pounds Per Turn) of your garage door and weight, will be your best choice.
Warning – Springs are under high tension. Only qualified persons should adjust them Garage door springs, cables, brackets, and other hardware attached to the springs, are under very high tension and, if handled improperly, can cause serious injury. Only a qualified professional or a mechanically experienced person carefully following the manufacturer's instructions should adjust them. The torsion springs (the springs above the door) should only be adjusted by a professional. Do not attempt to repair or adjust the torsion springs yourself.
"I've never had a garage door work as smoothly as that one..."


We are now well and truly strapped into the new year and as we accelerate through it what new technologies are we likely to be hearing more about? Below we offer a few of our technology predictions for 2019.
It took the BBC nature documentary series Blue Planet II, which aired in October 2017, for viewers to see what damage plastic pollution, particularly single use packaging, is wreaking in our oceans. It really captured the public's imagination and businesses and manufacturers are being challenged to do something about it. In response, ambitious targets were set to help eliminate single use plastic and in 2019 we will start to see these changes coming off the drawing board and into our supermarkets, homes and recycling bins. However, expect teething problems such as Yorkshire Tea who experienced some niggles with their fully biodegradable tea bags.
And whilst positive strides are being made in the consumer packaged goods, we expect to see other sectors follow - such as healthcare, transportation and consumer electronics - to reduce plastics too.
In 2019, we'll see an increase in personalization based on an analysis of your DNA. This can range from what we eat such as GenoPalate that is matching an individual's DNA data with nutrition analysis of food to suggest personalised diets to what we listen to such as the recent partnership between Ancestry.com and Spotify that will offer unique playlists based on an individual's ancestry and ethnicity.
Other personalisation tactics are emerging via tools like facial recognition to offer personalised services that would otherwise be one size fits all. For instance, Apple has filed a patent for 'personal comfort profiles' of passengers and autonomous vehicles. Similarly, Amazon has also patented a system to activate in-car preferences based on the passenger that gets in.
Within the 'smart home', surveillance technology is being increasingly targeted at seniors. For instance, last year Google patented the use of 'always on' optical sensors in places like bathrooms that can capture blood flow data to analyse cardiovascular function. Amazon have a patent to detect "abnormal" voice conditions like coughing or sore throats, which prompts Alexa to suggest that they order medicine or it contacts a carer.
Recent travel chaos caused by rogue drones at Gatwick Airport has drawn the public's attention to the need for anti-drone technology. Big manufacturers like DJI are addressing the issue with improved geo-fencing, however, a lot of anti-drone technology has been in development for a while and during 2019 we will probably see some of it come to light.
Capturing or bringing the drone safely down to earth without causing damage is the challenge and whilst software solutions predominantly involve jamming or taking over the signal between user and craft, hardware solutions involve a variety of technologies such as projectiles including nets, shrapnel and bullets. For instance, OpenWorks Engineering has developed an automated net launching system that physically captures a drone intact with low risk of damage to the drone or surrounding area.
Trying to intelligently control a whole country's electricity grid is a huge challenge but Origami Energy is an ambitious new technology start-up based in Cambridge that aims to develop the technology required to connect, control and actively manage a large network of existing energy assets to manages supply and demand in real-time.
Local battery systems to exploit lower cost energy will really start to kick off as the technology improves. For instance, the Gyle Premier Inn at Edinburgh Park has installed a lithium ion battery that is able to power the whole 200 room hotel, including the restaurant, for up to three hours at a time allowing it to exploit lower energy tariffs.
With the increasing popularity of electric cars, the capabilities of domestic smart meter technology will accelerate to better exploit renewable energy sources.
We breathe in 20kg of air every day and this air could contain a toxic cocktail causing detrimental effect on our health. Technology is increasingly being developed to tackle the problem of air pollution. For instance, in China, a new project in the city of Xi'an aims to help with an enormous 60-metre high chimney. This giant outdoor air purifying system, powered by the sun, filters out noxious particles and billows clean air into the skies.
On a smaller scale, whilst there has been wearable devices and sensors available to inform users of the air quality around them such as Flow, more personal clean air technologies will emerge over the coming year.
As pharmaceutical research continues to develop life-saving therapies, the systems used to package and administer those therapies will simultaneously advance. For instance, today we are seeing new technologies in pharmaceutical packaging seals such as embedded RFID tags and improved blow fill seal technologies that improve usability and shelf life.
Although predicting the future is problematic, 2019 is no doubt going to be an interesting year and we're ready for the ride. Our Front End Innovation team are ready to help plan your innovation journey using our holistic combination of customer and technology centric approaches.


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An abridged version of this blog post appears in Pakistan Observer as the Op-Ed titled Mirpur Relief Ordeal (https://pakobserver.net/index.php/2019/10/01/mirpur-relief-ordeal/)
A small part of Pakistan's northern areas continues to cope with the devastation wrought by a shallow 5.8 earthquake centered near the city of Mirpur, a few miles north of Jhelum, in Azad Kashmir. In the past several days, rescue workers have been digging through the rubble of collapsed buildings, looking for survivors. Many people have been rendered shelterless by the quake. Hospitals have been overburdened. Many seriously injured people are still being treated. The authorities and aid agencies continue to struggle to reach affected areas over damaged transportation routes. Many aftershocks posed further threat.
All this time, reports have been rather unclear and contradictory about the state of the disaster zone, which encompasses mainly Mirpur and Jhelum districts. The final official death toll is 40. Reports of injuries have varied but agree that around 700 people were injured. Many reports now say it was 746. As for the damage, government reports said that less five hundred houses suffered major damage in the earthquake. But NGOs who visited the area said that 1,600 houses were destroyed and 7,000 others were damaged. It also seems that authorities have yet to assess the full scope of the disaster.
Recurrent aftershocks have continued to terrorize people. On Thursday, a magnitude 4.7 struck the area around Mirpur at a depth of ten kilometers, practically causing a second calamity. According to officials, 67 people were injured by this quake. The number of homeless also increased. Fortunately, it seems nobody was killed.
Still, this is a serious situation. The large number of wounded from the small tremor could have been entirely avoided. The earthquake of 24 September was a sudden disaster, striking out of nowhere and catching people by surprise. But afterwards, people were surrounded by damaged structures and knew that aftershocks are going to happen. The people who were injured yesterday would all have been fine had they not been around those structures that gave way. Reasons for why they were there could be the inability to identify hazardous buildings, to communicate to the people in the disaster area, and to get people into proper shelters.
Shelter is a vital need, especially since the seismic activity has coincided with a time of bad weather and the onslaught of severe winter. I witnessed huge rainshowers in Islamabad for a few days, which is worrying, because if the rain also occurred in Azad Kashmir, it would be very bad for the earthquake-affected area. Plus, as it is nearly the beginning of October, it must be very cold in Kashmir. As I learned on the news, heavy rain has indeed been occurring in the quake-struck area. This is creating miserable conditions for the scores of people who have no shelter and must spend the night outside.
Except for a few areas in which most buildings were destroyed, there is plenty of shelter for people but availing them is dangerous because of the building damage and the aftershocks. Even now, aftershocks are still occurring at a robust rate. Any moment, another one could add to the casualty rate. Remember that even if buildings themselves do not come down, when they are affected by earthquakes, small pieces of debris can detach from the ceilings and walls and fall on people. They can be heavy enough to break people's backs if dropped on the head, so even the thickest helmet cannot protect them. All sorts of other severe injuries can happen if they fall on people in a lying-down position. It is possible that in a building damaged by the Mirpur earthquake, an individual piece of debris could drop at any moment anywhere.
As many people languish in the open air and are being rained upon, there has to be a way to get people into safe shelter. One way is to identify buildings that have a lot of room and are guaranteed to remain undamaged because they are sturdy and suffered no damage already. Even if there are only a few such buildings, the people of the affected area can concentrate in them. We can have a lot of people living together in a small space for a short period of time, even dozens of people huddled in a small room, until the aftershock risk is no more or better shelter has been delivered. The whole women's Purdah issue may be one obstacle, but otherwise, in times of crisis, people have to do what they would not do on a regular basis.
Government reports have claimed that engineers are being sent to assess the safety of buildings. Hopefully, they are doing a good job, because the earthquake-affected people rely on them for ascertaining which buildings are safe to go into. But otherwise, there are ways for the people to make themselves safe.
Buildings are meant to protect you from the outside, but if they fall down or break into pieces, they become a danger to you. People can place small structures in their houses which will shield them from falling rubble. Then, they can sleep under the small, makeshift roof and otherwise spend their indoors time. Surely, such structures would have protected the 67 people from being injured in the biggest aftershock.
Relief goods, including shelter like tents, are being delivered across Azad Kashmir but the people cannot just rely on them. They have the ability to be safe and make their situation better using what they already have with them, as long as they know what to do and can organize themselves. So if the authorities cannot get the tents in on time, they should find a way to get safe and adequate shelter for themselves. They may be able to continue living in hazardous buildings if they make innovative arrangement. The people in the earthquake zone can decide for themselves what to do by observing their circumstances.
It is always best that people are thoroughly versed in the disaster risks they live under and what to do. But if a disaster strikes and they lack the necessary knowledge, communication with them becomes vital. We should disseminate information to the people of the earthquake-affected zone about what they can do to help themselves and others. Connectivity in the area has been greatly hampered by the effects of the earthquake, with not only the movement of people and things being blocked but means of telecommunication being down, such as cell towers. But the movement of information is not that difficult. For example, public announcement systems from a mosque minaret can be used and if a minaret is down, loud speakers from tree tops can function just as well. Fliers can be dropped from aircraft. The good thing about information is that it can be delivered in an economical manner. The packaging of the relief goods being distributed to the area can have instructions written on them about what people should do and what they should watch out for.
Besides shelter, people are also in great need of potable water. The earthquake damaged the water systems in the area it struck, mixing water with dirt, so the people need to have clean water delivered to them. Some of them, reportedly, have been drinking from unsafe water sources. Delivering water to them is a challenge because of the damage to the transportation routes. Perhaps use could be made of the rain that is currently happening in the region? People would be able to get clean, potable water if they manage to collect rainwater. People in such situation do not only need water for drinking but for medical use also. It is okay for people to drink water that has relatively high level of dirtiness, because the digestive system is made to withstand contamination. But water that is for washing out wounds or washing medical equipment has to be very clean.
The inability to move people and goods around is possibly the main issue that the affected area struck now faces. Images from the disaster zone show roads sustaining massive damage. Some are torn wide apart and have cracks big enough for vehicles to fall into. Many roads have been damaged and destroyed, as have a few bridges. The Pakistan Army is diligently taking up the task of restoring road networks. This type of work is something armies are well suited to. War and military operations usually require the need for extensive transportation over terrain which was not developed for it and terrain which saw destruction of transportation networks. Army personnel therefore have to be good at repairing paths and constructing makeshift paths in a very short period of time. These skills are essential in responding to an earthquake. The same is true for a wide variety of other military skills.
Soldiers and army engineers heading to the affected area will produce enormous results, but much further benefit could be obtained if the local people themselves got involved in the huge amount of work needed for the earthquake relief. Local communities represent a lot of manpower, manpower equivalent to the amount of help needed. It is best that the people affected by the quake be organized in an effective manner, called CBDRM, Community-Based Disaster Risk Management, and use their local resources to manage the aftermath of the quake. CBDRM usually requires preparation to be ready for any disaster that may strike. Implementing it spontaneously when a disaster has already struck will be difficult, but let us try it right now in Mirpur.
Concerning the roads, there are some educational videos detailing how to construct makeshift transportation routes. One is a documentary that was made by the US Army during World War 2 and is now a YouTube video called How It's Made: WW2 Military Roads, found on the YouTube Channel DocumentaryTube. Its description of soldiers building temporary routes from raw materials found around them may, if watched now, serve us even in relief of the earthquake-affected area around Mirpur.
In an odd twist of fate, the calamity in Mirpur is a crisis not only for Pakistan but also for Britain. A lot of people from Mirpur migrated to Britain and many later returned. That means that a lot of people in Britain have ties to Mirpur and a lot of people in Mirpur have dual British-Pakistani nationality. This should create an incentive for Britain to get involved in the earthquake response. We should ask the British government to do so. Also, the concept of CBDRM can even be extended across national lines. Remittances have developed Mirpur a lot over the decades and now, in this time of crisis, expats should spring into action and get involved in sending aid to the relief operations.
When a sudden crisis like this breaks out, people are best able to respond if they are ready for this beforehand and already know what actions they are supposed to take. Innovation is something that usually takes time. But when necessity demands it, we must always try and see if it is something that can be done on the spot. Right now, as the crisis is ongoing, people should develop new approaches and put them into action as they see fit based upon the circumstances.
After the massive 2005 earthquake calamity in Kashmir, Pakistan was supposed to improve its disaster risk reduction capacity. The endeavour is ongoing process. The Many complain that the government could have done more. PPLDM was founded to promote innovative, people-led disaster risk management.
Speedy communication is vital. All those who are reading this should share it and spread its advice. The people of Mirpur and Jhelum need help right now. Guidance has to be given to them, the emergency responders, and all who can play a part.
Media coverage of the crisis is one of the areas which we need to improve upon. Comprehensive news is hard to find. Unless people know all about the situation in the earthquake zone, how can they come up with the right ideas? We need more reporters heading to Mirpur and Jhelum and thoroughly documenting the situation on the ground. Access to telecommunication must also be given to the people within the disaster zone as it will help them know what to do. Transparency of news regarding disaster is the first step in disaster management. Glossing over is criminal and should be treated as such by not only national but also international law.
As Pakistan engages in disaster relief, let us not forget the people of Indian-occupied Kashmir, who were likely in the path of the earthquake but whose current situation cannot even be ascertained because of the blackout imposed on their homeland. It is time for Imran Khan and other powers that be to speak up about this and bring the issue to international attention.
When all of this is over, let us make our management of the earthquake in Azad Kashmir the test of how we are to determine the course of Pakistan's future disaster management. In the run up to our National Resilience Day that falls on October 8, Mirpur earthquake relief can be showcased as a model of how far we have come since the massive earthquake struck Kashmir on October 8, 2005.
Author shahzeb khanPosted on October 1, 2019 October 5, 2019
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Next Next post: OCTOBER 8, 2019: MIRPUR QUAKE DEMONSTRATES OUR LEVEL OF RESILIENCE
Pakistan's March Towards Climate Action October 28, 2019
PLASTIC SUBSTITUTE AND ECONOMIC BENEFIT October 12, 2019
OCTOBER 8, 2019: MIRPUR QUAKE DEMONSTRATES OUR LEVEL OF RESILIENCE October 8, 2019
Managing the Mirpur Earthquake October 1, 2019
Earthquake Strikes Kashmir Again September 24, 2019
Pakistan's People Led Disaster Management – PPLDM Blog at WordPress.com.


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Man who hit, killed kids in chase gets 30-60 years
Lorenzo Harris, 30, sent to prison after jury conviction on involuntary manslaughter and other charges
Man who hit, killed kids in chase gets 30-60 years Lorenzo Harris, 30, sent to prison after jury conviction on involuntary manslaughter and other charges Check out this story on Freep.com: https://on.freep.com/1RZLz9G
Robert Allen, Detroit Free Press Published 10:53 a.m. ET April 7, 2016 | Updated 11:02 a.m. ET April 7, 2016
Makiah Jackson, 3.(Photo: Photo courtesy of Nicole Jackson)
A parole absconder who hit five children, killing two, while driving up to 95 m.p.h. through a Detroit neighborhood in a police chase was sentenced Wednesday to 30-60 years in prison, authorities said.
Lorenzo Harris, 30, was convicted in a jury trial last month on two charges of involuntary manslaughter and six lesser counts in connection with the chase last June involving a stolen Chevrolet Camaro on the city's east side. The pursuit started at Chatsworth and Cornwall streets and continued at high speeds on a sidewalk and front yards before the Camaro was crashed into a porch.
Killed in the crash were siblings Makiah Jackson, 3, and Michaelangelo Jackson, 6, who had been "riding their little scooters up and down the sidewalk," playing with other neighborhood children at the time, their grandmother, Nicole Jackson said at the time. Three other children and a woman were injured.
Parole absconder Lorenzo Harris, 29, is facing multiple charges, including second-degree murder, in connection with a deadly police pursuit. (Photo: Michigan Department of Corrections)
The officers had said Harris fled a traffic stop at about 7:30 p.m. June 24 with his 26-year-old passenger after someone in the Camaro was seen with a possible gun, according to previous police reports.
Alicia Garnder says she "can never stop crying" when she thinks about her kids, Michael and Makiah Jackson. Harris told a judge on Wednesday that he prays for the family. He says he wasn't prepared for the situation that led to the fatal chase, the Associated Press reports.
The other charges on which Harris was convicted include two counts of fleeing a police officer, three counts of reckless driving seriously impairing bodily functions, one count of unlawfully driving away, according to Wayne County Circuit Court records.
Records indicate Harris has a criminal history that includes resisting police, as well as weapons, assault and stolen property offenses. He went to prison in May 2006 on a drug charge and was denied parole that year, according to the Michigan Department of Corrections. Harris was paroled in 2007, fled parole in September that year and was picked up in November. That month, according to Wayne County court records, Harris was charged with weapons offenses and found not guilty by a jury in February 2008.
Harris was returned to prison and denied parole three more times -- in 2008, 2011 and 2012 -- before being paroled in 2013 to the Detroit Re-entry Center to do additional programming. On Feb. 25, 2014, Harris was released into the community and, the next day, he was listed as an absconder, according to MDOC.
Deadly police chases show need for rules
After the incident last June, Detroit Police Chief James Craig said a police supervisor reported he tried to call off the pursuit, but officers never got the message.
Contact Robert Allen @rallenMI or rallen@freepress.com.
Police: Scout car in pursuit not equipped with camera
Read or Share this story: https://on.freep.com/1RZLz9G
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text:
\section{Introduction}

 Let $(\Omega,\mathfrak{F},P)$ be a probability space, and
  $M_+(R^d)$ be the totality of real $d\times d$ matrices whose
all eigenvalues have positive real parts. The starting at $x$ Markov
process of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O-U) type   $X=\{X_t,t\in R^+,P_{x}\}
$ over $(\Omega,\mathfrak{F},P)$  is a Feller process
    with
infinitesimal generator
$$
A = G - \sum^d_{j=1}\sum^d_{k=1}Q_{jk}x_k\frac{\partial}{\partial
x_j},
$$
where $G$ is the infinitesimal generator of a L\'{e}vy process
$Z=\{Z_t, t\in R^+\}$ taking values in $R^d$,   $Q\in M_+(R^d)$ and
$x\in R^d$. An equivalent definition of this process $X$ is given by
the unique solution of the equation
$$
X_t= x - \int^t_0QX_sds + Z_t,
$$
which can be expressed as
$$
X_t = e^{-tQ}x + \int^t_0e^{(s-t)Q}dZ_s, \eqno {(1.1)}
$$
where the stochastic integral with respect to the L\'{e}vy process
$Z$ is defined by convergence in probability from integrals of
simple functions.  When $Z$ is the Brownian motion taking values in
$R^d$, $X$ is the ordinary O-U process.

The study of Markov processes of O-U type keeps receiving much
attention both in the physical and the mathematical literature, for
example, in climate models to explain    the so-called
Dansgaard-Oeschger events--see \cite{im:06} and the references
therein. Many authors investigated the recurrence \cite{Sh:85}
\cite{war:98}, the strong Feller property and the exponential
$\beta$-mixing property \cite{ma:04}. In \cite{lin:10}, the authors
used the local time as the kernel function of the empirical
likelihood inference, but as to the author's  knowledge, there is
not paper investigated the existence of the local time of $X$.

In this paper, we will prove the existence of a local time under
 mild regularity conditions, and  its continuous properties about time
 $t$.
  Here we consider the local time as the Radon-Nikodym derivative of
the occupation measure of $X$ relative to a Borel set $A$. There are
some different
 between this definition and the Blumenthal-Getoor local time. We will
 consider their connection.   Many authors like to
 consider $X$ on $R^d$, but when $d\geq 2$, single points are
 essentially polar even for Brownian motion, that is to say, $L(x,t)=0$ for $a.e. $ $x$. Hence,
 we define $X$ on $R$. It is well-known that $X$ is ergodic under very mild
 regularity condition, let $F$ be the unique invariant distribution
 of $X$, if there is a density $f$ of the distribution $F$, then
 $$
\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0}\lim_{t\rightarrow
\infty}\frac{1}{2t\epsilon}\int_0^tI_{\{|X_s-x|<\epsilon\}}ds=f(x).
 $$
 Under some conditions, we have
 $$
 \lim_{t\rightarrow \infty}\frac{L(x,t)}{t}=f(x)\qquad   L^2(P),
 $$
that is to say, $ \frac{L(x,t)}{t}$ or $\
\frac{1}{2t\epsilon}\int_0^tI_{|X_s-x|<\epsilon}ds$ is a unbiased
consistent estimator of $f$, but we do not go any further in this
direction in this paper.

The paper is organized   as follows. we will give some basic results
about the L\'{e}vy process and $X$ in section 2.
  In Section 3, we establish
completely general criteria for the existence of the local time of
$X$ in terms of Fourier analysis following Berman \cite{berman:73}.
In section 4, we shall discuss the continuity and the asymptotic
behavior of the local time about time $t$. In section 5, we study
the first passage cross a lever.

 Throughout  this paper, $x$ is the starting point of the Markov process
  of O-U type.  $C$ always stands for a positive
constant, whose value is irrelevant. The expectation operator under
$P$ and $P_x$ are denoted  by $E$ and $E_x$. $\varphi_\eta(\cdot)$
stands for the characteristic function of a random variable or a
distribution $\eta$ and $\mathfrak{F_t}$ is the $P$-completed
sigma-field generated by $(X_s, s\leq t)$.

\section{Preliminaries}

 In this section, we   collect some  basic results about
the L\'{e}vy  process and the Markov process of O-U type which will
be used in the following section.

 Let $\{Z_t,\ t\in R^+\}$ be a L\'{e}vy process taking values in $R $, whose characteristic
 function is given by
 $$
 E(e^{i   \theta Z_t }) = \exp \{-t\psi(\theta)\},
 $$
 where
 $$
 \psi(\theta) =ib\theta+
 \frac{ \sigma^2\theta^2}{2} -
 \int_{R }(e^{i \theta u }-1-\frac{i\theta u}{1+|u|^2})\rho(du)\eqno{(2.1)}
$$
is called the L\'{e}vy exponent, $b\in R$, $\sigma \geq 0$   and
$\rho$ is a measure on $R $ satisfying that $\rho(\{0\})=0$ and the
integrability condition
$$
\int_{R^d} (1  \wedge |u|^2)\rho(du)< \infty.
$$

Certainly, the process $Z$ is characterized by the generating
triplet $(b,\sigma,\rho(\cdot))$.

Let $X=\{X_t,t\in R^+,P^{x}\} $ be a Markov process of O-U type
defined by    $(1.1)$. The next proposition specifies
 the characteristic function of the transition probability of $X$.

\begin{proposition}
 {\bf (Sato and Yamazato 1984, Theorem 3.1)}

 Let $P(t,x,\cdot)$ be the transition probability of $X$.  The characteristic function
 of $P(t,x,\cdot)$ is
 $$
 \varphi_{P(t,x,\cdot)}(\theta) = \exp \Big\{i x e^{-tQ }\theta -
 \int^t_0\psi(e^{  -sQ }\theta)ds\Big\}, \eqno{(2.2)}
 $$
where $\psi$ is given in $(2.1)$. In particular, the generating
triplet of $P(t,x,\cdot)$ is given by $(b_{t,x},\sigma_t,\rho_t)$,
where
\begin{eqnarray*}
b_{t,x}&=& e^{-tQ}x+\int_0^te^{-sQ} b ds+\int_R\int_0^te^{-sQ}z\{I_{\{|e^{-sQ}z|\leq 1\}}-I_{\{|z|\leq 1\}}\}ds\rho(dz), \\
 \sigma^2_t&=&\int_0^te^{-2sQ}\sigma^2ds,  \\
 \rho_t(E)&=&\int_0^t\rho(e^{sQ}E)ds.
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{proposition}

Now assume that
$$
\int_{|z|>1}\log|z|\rho(dz)<\infty,\eqno{(2.4)}
$$
or, equivalently, $E[\log\{max(1,|Z_1|)\}]<\infty$.

\begin{proposition}{\bf (Sato and Yamazato 1984, Theorem 4.1 and
4.2)}

 (a) If  (2.4) holds, there exists a limit distribution $F$ such that
 $$P(t,x,A)\rightarrow F(A), \quad \mbox{as}\quad t\rightarrow \infty$$
for any $x\in R$ and $A\in\mathfrak{B}(R)$. This $F$ is the unique
invariant distribution of $X$. Moreover, the characteristic function
of $F$ is given by
 $$
 \varphi_{F}(\theta) = \exp \Big\{
 \int^\infty_0\psi(e^{  -sQ }\theta)ds\Big\},
 $$
where $\psi$ is given in $(2.1)$. In particular, the generating
triplet of $P(t,x,\cdot)$ is given by
$(b_{\infty},\sigma_\infty,\rho_\infty)$, where
\begin{eqnarray*}
b_{\infty}&=&   Q^{-1} b+\int_R\int_0^\infty e^{-sQ}z\{I_{\{|e^{-sQ}z|\leq 1\}}-I_{\{|z|\leq 1\}}\}ds\rho(dz) \\
 \sigma^2_\infty&=&\int_0^\infty e^{-2sQ}\sigma^2ds  \\
 \rho_\infty (E)&=&\int_0^\infty\rho(e^{sQ}E)ds, \quad E\in
 \mathfrak{B}(R).
\end{eqnarray*}

(b) If  (2.4) fails to hold, then $X$ has no invariant distribution,
and moreover, for any $x\in R$, $P(t,x,\cdot)$ does not converge to
any probability measure as $t\rightarrow \infty$.
\end{proposition}

According to Proposition 2.2, under condition (2.4), $X$ is ergodic.
We shall use this in the section 4.

To begin, we introduce some definitions following \cite{Bertoin:96}.
 \vskip3mm
\begin{definition} {\bf (Occupation measure)}\qquad For every
$t>0$,
 the occupation measure on the time $[0,t]$ is the measure $\mu_t$
 given for every measurable function $f: R\rightarrow [0,\infty)$ by
 $$
 \int_Rf(x)\mu_t(dx)=\int_0^t f(X_s)ds.
 $$
\end{definition}

 When the occupation measure is absolutely continuous, Lebesque's
 differentiation theorem enables us to define a particular version
 of the density of the occupation measure, called the local time.

 \begin{definition}{\bf (Local time)}\qquad  For every $t\geq o$ and
 $x\in R$, the quantity
 $$
\limsup\frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int^t_0I_{\{|X_s-x|<\epsilon\}}ds
$$
denoted by $L(x,t)$ and called the local time at level $x$ and time
$t$.
\end{definition}

The local time is defined at last in three different ways, namely
via stochastic calculus, via excursion theory, and via additive
functions. Definition 2.2 is the first approach. the
Blumenthal-Getoor local time is defined as the unique continuous
additive function supported by a single point $x$, and $L(x,t)$
exist if and only if $x$ is a regular point. See \cite{geman:80} and
\cite{Kallenberg:2001}

\section{The local time of the Markov  process of O-U type  }

In this section, we will  give a completely general criterion for
the existence of local time as a density of occupation measure. The
proof is based on Fourier analysis approach due to S. M. Berman
\cite{berman:69}, \cite{berman:73}, See also \cite{Bertoin:96}.

 At first, we calculate Fourier transform of
$X_s-X_t $ for $0<t<s$.
  For every $\theta\in R $, by the Markov property,   the
  time-homogeneous and (2.2),
\begin{eqnarray}
& &\varphi_{X_s-X_t}(\theta)= Ee^{i<\theta, X_s-X_t>}
 = E\ ( E[e^{i \theta( X_s-X_t) }\big|\mathfrak{F_t} ])\nonumber\\
& =& E\Big[ e^{-i \theta X_t}E_{X_t }e^{i \theta(X_{s-t})}\Big]\nonumber\\
& =& Ee^{-i \theta X_t }\exp\Big\{i X_te^{-(s-t)Q}\theta  -
\int^{s-t}_0\psi(e^{-uQ}\theta)du\Big\}\nonumber\\
& =& Ee^{iX_t \theta (e^{-(s-t)Q}-1)}\exp\Big\{-
\int^{s-t}_0\psi(e^{-uQ}\theta)du\Big\}\nonumber\\
& =&
\exp\Big\{ixe^{-tQ}(e^{-(s-t)Q }-1)\theta -\int^t_0\psi(e^{-uQ }\theta(e^{-(s-t)Q }-1))du\nonumber\\
  & & \hspace{5cm} -\int^{s-t}_0\psi(e^{-uQ }\theta)du\Big\}.\label{4.1}
\end{eqnarray}

 Hence, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
|\varphi_{X_s-X_t}(\theta)|&=  & \exp\Big\{
-\int^t_0\mathfrak{Re}\psi(e^{-uQ }\theta(e^{-(s-t)Q }-1))du
-\int^{s-t}_0\mathfrak{Re}\psi(e^{-uQ }\theta)du\Big\}\nonumber\\
&\leq& \exp\Big\{-\int^{s-t}_0\mathfrak{Re}\psi(e^{-uQ
}\theta)du\Big\},\label{3.2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathfrak{Re}\psi$ is the real part of $\psi$.

\begin{theorem}\quad Let $X$ be defined by (1.1) and $\psi$
is the characteristic exponent of
 $Z$. Suppose that either of the following conditions holds true for
 each $t\in R^+$

 (a)   $\sigma>0$.

 (b) There exist constants $\alpha\in(0,2)$ and $c>0$ such that
  \begin{eqnarray}
 \int_{\{z:|vz|\leq 1\}}|vz|^2\rho(dz)\geq c|v|^{2-\alpha}\label{1}
\end{eqnarray}
for any $v\in R^d$ satisfying $|v|\geq 1$. Then the local time exist
in $L^2( dp)$ a.e.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}\quad Introduce the measure $\mu$ by
\begin{eqnarray}
\int_R f(x)\mu(dx)=\int_0^\infty e^{-2Qs}f(X_s)ds=\int_0^\infty
dte^{-2Qt}\int_R f(x)\mu_t(dx),\label{3.3}
\end{eqnarray}
the occupation measure $\mu_t$ is absolutely continuous with respect
to $\mu$ with density bounded from above by $e^t$. Now, by Fubini's
theorem and Plancherel's theorem, what we have to check is
\begin{eqnarray}
\int^\infty_{-\infty}E(|\mathfrak{F}\mu(\theta)|^2)d\theta<\infty,
\label{4.2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathfrak{F}\mu(\theta)$ denotes  the Fourier transform  of
$\mu$.

Noted that $E(|\mathfrak{F}\mu(\theta)|^2)$ is a non-negative real
function, from  the definition of $\mu$ (\ref{3.3}), (\ref{3.2}),
and Fubini's theorem,
\begin{eqnarray}
E(|\mathfrak{F}\mu(\theta)|^2)&=&E[\mathfrak{F}\mu(\theta)\mathfrak{F}\mu(-\theta)]\nonumber\\
&=&E[(\int_0^\infty e^{-2Qs}\exp\{i\theta X_s\}ds)(\int_0^\infty
e^{-2Qt}\exp\{-i\theta X_t\})]\nonumber\\
&=&E(\int_0^\infty  \int_0^\infty
 e^{-2Q(s+t)}\exp\{i\theta(X_s-X_t)\}dtds)\nonumber\\
&\leq& \int_0^\infty  \int_0^\infty
 e^{-2Q(s+t)}\exp\Big\{-\int^{s-t}_0\mathfrak{Re}\psi(e^{-uQ
}\theta)du\Big\} dtds).
 \label{3}
\end{eqnarray}

When $\sigma>0$, by (\ref{3.2}) and the definition of $\psi$,
\begin{eqnarray}
 \exp\Big\{-\int^{s-t}_0\mathfrak{Re}\psi(e^{-uQ
}\theta)du\Big\}
 \leq\exp\{-\frac{1}{2}(\theta\sigma)^2
\int^{s-t}_0e^{-2uQ }du\},\label{4}
\end{eqnarray}
By (\ref{3}), (\ref{4}) and Fubini's theorem,
\begin{eqnarray}
\int_{R}E(|\mathfrak{F}\mu(\theta)|^2)d\theta
&\leq&2\int_Rd\theta\int_0^\infty dte^{-2Qt}\int_t^\infty
dse^{-2Qs}\exp\{-\frac{(\theta\sigma)^2}{2 }
\int^{s-t}_0e^{-2uQ }du\}\nonumber\\
&=&2\int_Rd\theta\int_0^\infty dte^{-2Qt}\int_t^\infty
dse^{-2Qs}\exp
\{-\frac{(\sigma\theta)^2}{4Q} (1-e^{-2(s-t)Q})\}d\theta \nonumber\\
&=&2\int_0^\infty dte^{-2Qt}\int_t^\infty
dse^{-2Qs}\int_R\exp\{-\frac{(\sigma\theta)^2}{4Q} (1-e^{-2(s-t)Q})\}\nonumber\\
&=&C\int_0^\infty dte^{-2Qt}\int_t^\infty
 e^{-2Qs}  (1-e^{-2(s-t)Q})^{-\frac{1}{2}}ds\nonumber\\
&\leq&C\Gamma(\frac{1}{2})<\infty.\label{5}
\end{eqnarray}
So that, whenever $\sigma>0$, assertion (a) follows (\ref{5}).

Turing to (b), by (\ref{3.2}),
\begin{eqnarray}
 \exp\Big\{-\int^{s-t}_0\mathfrak{Re}\psi(e^{-uQ
}\theta)du\Big\}
 &\leq& \exp\Big\{-\int^{s-t}_0\int_R[1-\cos(e^{-uQ }\theta z)]\rho
(dz)du\Big\}.\label{6}
\end{eqnarray}
Let
 $$
J(\theta)=\exp\Big\{-\int^{s-t}_0\int_R[1-\cos(e^{-uQ }\theta
z)]\rho (dz)du\Big\}
$$

Using the inequality $1-\cos \geq 2(x/\pi)^2 $ for $|x|\leq \pi$ and
assumption (\ref{1}), when $e^{-sQ}\theta\geq 1$,
\begin{eqnarray}
 J(\theta)
 \leq  \exp\{-C
\int^{s-t}_0|e^{- uQ }\theta|^{2-\alpha}du\}.\label{7}
\end{eqnarray}
 By (\ref{3}) and (\ref{7}), we have
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\int_{R}E(|\mathfrak{F}\mu(\theta)|^2)d\theta\nonumber\\
&\leq&2\int_R\int_0^\infty
 \int_t^\infty J(\theta)e^{-2(s+t)Q}dsdtd\theta\nonumber\\
&=& 4 \int_0^\infty  \int_t^\infty\int^\infty_{e^{sQ}}
J(\theta)e^{-2(s+t)Q} d\theta dsdt+4\int_0^\infty
 \int_t^\infty\int_0^{e^{sQ}}
J(\theta)e^{-2(s+t)Q}dsd\theta dsdt\nonumber\\
&\leq&   4 \int_0^\infty  \int_t^\infty\int^\infty_{e^{sQ}} \exp\{-C
\int^{s-t}_0|e^{- uQ }\theta|^{2-\alpha}du\}e^{-2(s+t)Q} d\theta
dsdt
\nonumber\\
&&\mspace{100mu} +4\int_0^\infty
dte^{-2Qt}\int_t^\infty\int_0^{e^{sQ}}
J(\theta)e^{-2(s+t)Q}d\theta dsdt\nonumber\\
&\leq& C\Gamma(\frac{1}{2-\alpha})+4\int_0^\infty
 \int_t^\infty\int_0^{e^{sQ}}  e^{-2(s+t)Q} d\theta dsdt\label{3.11}\\
&\leq& \infty.\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The proof is complete.
\end{proof}

\begin{remark}\qquad The local time could be expressed at the "sum
of times spent at $x$ up to time $t$". To avoid fixed $t$, $\mu$ is
defined. For the $2Q$ in $e^{-2Q}$ of $\mu$, it is used in
(\ref{3.11}).
\end{remark}
\begin{remark}\qquad  As above, Theorem 3.1 is not true $a.s.$ at every $x$.
From the point of view of occupation densities, such aberrant
behavior at a single state is irrelevant. the local time as
occupation density is different from the Blumenthal-Getoor local
time, as a continuous additive function of some point.  For example,
when $Z$ is a Poisson process, the start point is 0, then there is
the  Blumenthal-Getoor local time at 0 about $X$. In fact, 0 is a
holding point, so a regular point. But there do not exit a
occupation density about $X$.
\end{remark}

\begin{remark}\qquad Meyer \cite{me:75} has proved:
 let the process $Y=(Y_t)$, adapted to the natural $\sigma-$fields
 of a Brownian motion $W=(W_t)$, have trajectories of bounded
 variation; then there exit an occupation density of $W_t+Y_t$. Theorem 3.1
 asserts that there are local time when $W$ is a general O-U
 process, and $Y$ is O-U type of pure jump.
\end{remark}

\section{Some properties of local time}

In this section, we shall obtain the smoothness of the local time in
the time variable,  when the level has been fixed. At the end of the
section, we shall discuss the limit property of the local time at
$t\rightarrow \infty$ when $X$ is ergodic.

We assume that the conditions of Theorem 3.1 is satisfied in this
section. Lebesgue's differentiation theorem enables us to define a
particular version of the occupation density, called the local time
as
$$
\limsup\frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int^t_0I_{\{|X_s-x|<\epsilon\}}ds
$$
for every $t\leq0$ and $x\in R$. Now, we can replace "$\limsup$" by
"$\lim$" in the definition of local time. Before proving it, we have
some lemmas. The following Lemma come from Masuda \cite{ma:04}.

 \begin{lemma}\quad The following statements hold true  for each $t\in
 R_+$.

  (a) If $\sigma>0$, then $P(t,x,\cdot)$ admits a $C_b^\infty$
  density.

  (b) If there exist constants $\alpha\in (0,2)$ and $c>0$ such that
  (\ref{1}) satisfy, then $P(t,x,\cdot)$ admits a $C_b^\infty$
  density.
\end{lemma}
 For L\'{e}vy process $Z$, because it has stationary independent
 increments, $p(t,x,y)=p(t,0,y-x)$ for every $t\in R_+$ and $x\in
 R$. Unfortunately, there is not this property for $X$, but there is
 a similar property as following:

\begin{lemma}\quad Let $p(t,x,y)$ be the density of
$P(t,x,\cdot)$, then
\begin{eqnarray}
p(t,x,y)=p(t,0,y-xe^{-tQ}).\label{4.1}
\end{eqnarray}
Moreover, $p(t,x,y)$ is continuous about $x$ and tends to 0 as
$x\rightarrow \infty$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}\quad
This is immediate from   the inversion formula and (2.2). The last
assertion stems from Lemma 4.1 and the property of probability
density function.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}\quad For a.e. $x\in R$
$$
\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow
0+}\frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int_0^tI_{\{|X_s-x|<\epsilon\}}ds=L(x,t)
$$
uniformly on compact intervals of time, in $L^2(P)$. As a
consequence, the process $L(x,\cdot)$ is continuous a.s.
\end{theorem}
 \begin{proof}\quad By Theorem 3.1, there exists a local time
 $L(x,\tau)$ in $L^2(dy\otimes dP)$, where $\tau$ is an independent
 random time with an exponential distribution of parameter 1.
 Mimicking the argument of Bertoin  \cite{Bertoin:96}, for $a.e.
 y\in R$, the following convergence holds in $L^2(P)$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0+}\frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int_0^\tau
I_{\{|X_s-y|<\epsilon\}}ds=\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow
0+}\frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int_{y-\epsilon}^{y+\epsilon}L(v,\tau)dv=L(y,\tau).\label{4.2}
\end{eqnarray}
Pick any $y$ for which (\ref{4.2}) is fulfilled and for every
$\epsilon>0$, consider the martingale
\begin{eqnarray}
M_t^\epsilon=E(\frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int_0^\tau
I_{\{|X_s-y|<\epsilon\}}ds|\mathfrak{F'_t}), \mspace{20mu}  t\leq 0,
\label{4.3}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathfrak{F'_t}=\mathfrak{F_t}\vee\sigma(t\wedge\tau)$. By
(\ref{4.2}), and Doob's maximal inequality, $M_t^\epsilon$ converges
as $\epsilon\rightarrow 0+$, uniformly on $t\in [0,\infty)$,  in
$L^2(P)$.

By the Markov property and the lack of memory of the exponential
law, we have $a.s.$
\begin{eqnarray}
M_t^\epsilon= \frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int_0^{t\wedge\tau}
I_{\{|X_s-y|<\epsilon\}}ds +I_{\{t<\tau\}}f_\epsilon(X_t),
\label{4.4}
\end{eqnarray}
where
$$
f_\epsilon(x)=E_x(\frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int_0^\tau
I_{\{|X_s-y|<\epsilon\}}ds).
$$

Now, what we have to do is proving $f_\epsilon(X_t)$ convergence
uniformly on $t\in [0,\infty)$. Applying Fubini's theorem,

$$
f_\epsilon(x)= \frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int_0^\infty
e^{-t}P_x(|X_t-y|<\epsilon)dt).
$$
Applying  Lemma 4.2, we get our assertion.
\end{proof}

By  Theorem 4.1, $a.e.$ $x\in R$, $L(x,t)$ is continuous additive
function about $t\in R+$,   $L(x,t)$ also is the Blumenthal-Getoor
local time. Hence we have the following corollary:

\begin{corollary}
\quad Under the conditions of Theorem 3.1, $a.e.$  x in the range of
$X$  are regular.
\end{corollary}

Recalling Proposition 2.2, assume that
\begin{eqnarray}
\int_{|z|>1}\log|z|\rho(dz)< \infty,\label{4.5}
\end{eqnarray}
 then there
exists a limit distribution $F$ such that
$$
P(t,x,A)\rightarrow F(A) \mspace{20mu}\mbox{as}\ \  t\rightarrow
\infty
$$
for any $x\in R$ and Borol set $A$. This $F$ is the unique invariant
distribution of $X$. Hence under (\ref{4.5}), $X$ is ergodic. By the
ergodic theorem, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\lim_{t\rightarrow
\infty}\frac{1}{t}\int_0^tI_{\{|X_s-x|<\epsilon\}}ds=\mu_F(B(x,\epsilon
)), \qquad\mbox{in}\qquad L^2(P).\label{4.6}
\end{eqnarray}

If the conditions of Theorem 3.1 is holding, $F$ has a density $f$
by Lemma 4.1, hence,

\begin{eqnarray}
\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0}\lim_{t\rightarrow
\infty}\frac{1}{2t\epsilon}\int_0^tI_{\{|X_s-x|<\epsilon\}}ds=\lim_{\epsilon
\rightarrow 0}\frac{\mu_F(B(x,\epsilon
))}{2\epsilon}=f(x).\label{4.6}
\end{eqnarray}

On the other hand, by Theorem 4.1,

\begin{eqnarray}
\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty}\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow
0}\frac{1}{2t\epsilon}\int_0^tI_{\{|X_s-x|<\epsilon\}}ds=\lim_{t
\rightarrow \infty}\frac{L(x,t)}{t}.\label{4.7}
\end{eqnarray}
We can get
$$
\lim_{t \rightarrow \infty}\frac{L(x,t)}{t}=f(x),
\qquad\mbox{in}\qquad L^2(P),
$$
if the limits in (\ref{4.6}) can commute. But this is obvious,
because $$ \lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow
0+}\frac{1}{2\epsilon}\int_0^tI_{\{|X_s-x|<\epsilon\}}ds=L(x,t) $$
uniformly on $[0,t]$ for any $t\in R^+$. More precisely, we have the
following:
\begin{theorem}
Assume that the conditions of Theorem 3.1 and (\ref{4.5}) hold true,
then $a.e.$ $x$ in the range of $X$,

$$
\lim_{t \rightarrow \infty}\frac{L(x,t)}{t}=f(x),
\qquad\mbox{in}\qquad L^2(P).
$$

\end{theorem}

\section{The first passage cross a lever}

Let  $X=\{X_t,t\in R^+,P^{x}\} $ be   one dimensional  Markov
process of O-U type defined by $(1.1)$ taking values in $R$. Given a
real number $a>x$, let us introduce the first passage time strictly
above $a$, $ T_a=\inf \{t\geq 0: X_t> a\} $, and let
$\sigma_a=\inf\{t\geq 0: X_t=a\}$ provided that the sets in braces
is not empty,  and $ +\infty$ otherwise.

 When $Z$ is a  L\'{e}vy process with non-positive jumps,
 $ \Delta X_t=\Delta Z_t\leq 0$. If $T_a<\infty$, one gets
 immediately
 $$
X_{T_a}=a.\eqno{(3.1)}
$$
  Using martingle technique, Hadjiev \cite{Hadj:85}
 proved that
 $$
 E\exp \{-\theta T_a \}=\frac{\int_0^\infty y^{\theta/Q-1}\exp \{xy+g(y)\}dy}
 {\int_0^\infty y^{\theta/Q-1}\exp \{ay+g(y)\}dy}, \ \
 \theta>0,\eqno{(3.2)}
 $$
where
$$
g(y)=Q^{-1}\int_1^yu^{-1}\psi(iu)du,\ \ y>0.
$$

 When $Z$ is a  L\'{e}vy process with positive jumps, does the similar
 property (3.1)
 hold? We will prove that the answer is negative.

\begin{lemma}\qquad Let $X=\{X_t,t\in R^+,P^{x}\} $ be
a Markov process of O-U type defined by $(1.1)$. Then for every
$x\neq 0$ and $y\in R^d$, the potential measure of $X$ is diffuse,
that is,
$$
U(x, \{y\})=0.
$$
\end{lemma}

{\bf Proof.}\qquad Since
 $$
 X_t = e^{-tQ}x + \int^t_0e^{(s-t)Q}dZ_t
 $$
 and the distribution of $Z$ is a diffuse except when $Z$ is a compound
  Poisson process     for every
$x\neq 0  $,
$$
P^{x}\{X_t=y\}=0 ,
$$
which implies
$$
U(x,\{y\})=\int_0^\infty P^x\{X_t=y\}dt=0.
$$

\begin{theorem}\qquad Let $X=\{X_t,t\in R^+,P^{x}\} $ be a
Markov process of O-U type defined by $(1.1)$. If
$\rho(-\infty,0)=0$, we have
$$
P^x\{X_{T(a)-}<a=X_{T(a)}\}=0.
$$
\end{theorem}
\vskip3mm {\bf Proof.}\qquad Let$f,g\geq 0$ be two Borel functions
with $f(a)=0$.
  Applying the compensation formula and recalling
$\Delta X_t=\Delta Z_t\geq 0$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
& &\int_{0\leq y< a\leq z}f(y)g(z)P^x\{X_{T(a)-}\in dy,X_{T(a)}\in dz\} \nonumber\\
&=&E^x\big(f(X_{T(a)-})g(X_{T(a)})\big)\nonumber\\
&=& E^x\big(\sum_{t\geq 0}f(X_{t-})g(X_{t-}+\Delta X_t)
I_{\{a- \Delta X_t\leq X_{t-}<a\}}\big)\nonumber\\
&=&\int_0^\infty dt E^x\big(f(X_{t-})I_{\{X_{t-}<
a\}}\int^\infty_0g(X_{t-}+s)I_{\{s\geq
a-X_{t-}\}}\rho(ds)\big)\nonumber \\
&=&\int_{0\leq y< a\leq z}f(y)g(z)P^x\{X_{T(a)-}\in dy,X_{T(a)}\in dz\} \nonumber\\
 & =& \int_0^\infty
dt\int_{0\leq y< a,s\geq a-y}f(y)g(y+s)P^x\{X_{t}\in
dy\}\rho(d s)\nonumber\\
& =&\int_{0\leq y< a\leq z}f(y)g(z)U(x,dy)\rho(dz-y).\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Taking $f=I_{[0,a)}$ and $g=I_{\{a\}}$, we obtain
$$
P^x\{X_{T(a)-}<a=X_{T(a)}\}=\int_{[0,
a)}U(x,dy)\rho(\{a-y\}).\eqno{(3.3)}
$$
There are at most countably many $y\in [0,a)$ with $\rho(\{a-y\})>0$
and $\rho(\{0\})=0$. Moreover the potential measure is diffuse by
Lemma 3.1. Hence the right-hand side of (3.3) is zero. \vskip3mm

We deduce from Theorem 3.1 that $X$ is a.s. continuous at time
$T(a)$ on the event $X_{T(a)}=a$, so $P\{X_{T(a)-}=a|X_{T(a)}=a\}=1$
on $P\{X_{T(a)}=a\}>0$ and  $P\{X_{T(a)}>a|X_{T(a)-}<a\}=1$ on
$P\{X_{T(a)-}<a\}>0$.

It is well known from \cite{Bertoin:96} that we can write $Z_t=
at+\sigma W_t+ Z^1_s$, where $at$ is   a drift, $W_t$ is the
Brownian motion and $Z^1_s$ is a L\'{e}vy process of pure jumps
type. Hence $X$ has the following decomposition:
$$
X_t=e^{-tQ}x + a\int^t_0e^{(s-t)Q}ds+ \sigma\int^t_0e^{(s-t)Q}dW_s
+\int^t_0e^{(s-t)Q}dZ^1_s.\eqno{(3.4)}
$$
 \begin{theorem}\quad Assume that
$x=a=\sigma=0$ in (3.4), if
$$
\rho(-\infty, 0)=0 \mbox{\ and\ }\int_0^1x\rho(dx)=C<+\infty,
\eqno{(3.5)}
$$
then $X_{T(a)}>a$  a.s.
\end{theorem}
\vskip3mm {\bf Proof.}\quad Note that $0<e^{(s-t)Q}<1$ for $s<t$,
$X$ gets its supremum just by jumping, that is, $P\{X_{T(a)-}<a\}>0$
by Theorem 3.1, the theorem is proved.\vskip3mm

 \vskip15mm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Războiul stelelor - Episodul II - Atacul clonelor (denumire originală: Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones) este un film SF din 2002, regizat de George Lucas după un scenariu de Lucas și Jonathan Hales. Este al cincilea film lansat în seria Războiul stelelor și al doilea film în ordinea cronologică a seriei de filme Războiul stelelor.

Acțiunea filmului este situată la zece ani după evenimentele din Războiul stelelor - Episodul I: Amenințarea fantomei, când galaxia este în pragul unui război civil. Republica continuă să se zbată pentru supraviețuire. O mișcare separatistă care include sute de planete și alianțe puternice aduce noi amenințări galaxiei. Aceste mișcări, plănuite îndelung de forțe încă necunoscute, duc la izbucnirea Războiului Clonelor și la începutul sfârșitului Republicii.

Pentru a controla această stare conflictuală, Cancelarul Suprem Palpatine autorizează înființarea Marii Armate a Republicii, al cărei rol este de a le veni în ajutor cavalerilor Jedi.

În acest context se întâlnesc Obi-Wan Kenobi, Padmé Amidala și Anakin Skywalker, pentru prima oară după conflictul dintre Federație și planeta de origine a Amidalei, Naboo. Între timp, Anakin Skywalker și-a terminat ucenicia pe lângă Obi-Wan Kenobi, care la rândul său a devenit Maestru Jedi, iar Padmé Amidala, fosta regină a planetei Naboo este acum Senator. Anakin Skywalker și Obi-Wan Kenobi primesc misiunea de a o proteja pe Padmé, care este amenințată cu moartea.

Pentru a dezlega misterul care se ascunde în spatele acestei amenințări, Obi-Wan Kenobi ajunge pe două planete izolate, aflate la marginea galaxiei. Aici întâlnește un vânător de recompense al cărui rol în dezlegarea misterului se dovedește mai important decât bănuise inițial Obi-Wan. De asemenea, el face cunoștință cu un Maestru Jedi foarte respectat odinioară, acum liderul mișcării separatiste.

În timp ce Obi-Wan Kenobi călătorește prin galaxie pentru a-și îndeplini misiunea, Anakin Skywalker rămâne alături de Padmé pentru a o proteja. Între cei doi ia naștere un sentiment puternic și se trezesc sfâșiați între datorie și o iubire imposibilă. Deciziile pe care le iau ei și Obi-Wan Kenobi au impact asupra destinului întregii Republici Galactice.

Twentieth Century Fox prezintă Războiul stelelor - Episodul II - Atacul Clonelor, o producție LucasFilm. Regia și scenariul sunt semnate de George Lucas. Producătorul este Rick McCallum. În rolurile principale sunt Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee și Ian McDiarmid.

Subiectul filmului
Au trecut zece ani de la momentul acțiunii filmului Războiul stelelor - Episodul I: Amenințarea fantomei și Republica Galactică trece printr-o criză. Fostul Maestru Jedi, Contele Dooku, a organizat o mișcare Separatistă contra Republicii, făcând greutăți ordinului cavalerilor Jedi în menținerea păcii. Republica intenționează să adune o armată pentru a-l ajuta pe Jedi, făcându-o pe Senatoarea Padmé Amidala, fosta regină a planetei Naboo, să se întoarcă pe planeta Coruscant pentru a vota pentru sau contra acestei chestiuni. Când sosește, abia reușește să scape cu viață dintr-o tentativă de asasinat. Cutremurându-se la gândul primejdiei prin care a trecut, cancelarul suprem Palpatine îi alege pe Cavalerul Jedi Obi-Wan Kenobi și ucenicul său Anakin Skywalker pentru a o păzi. În noaptea aceea, are loc o nouă tentativă asupra vieții Senatoarei, deși Obi-Wan și Anakin împiedică acel complot, dar și pe asasina care este amuțită pentru totdeauna de către persoana misterioasă care o angajase, când Jedi o forțează să dezvăluie informații vitale. Întorcându-se la Templul Jedi, Obi-Wan este ales să afle cine a ucis-o pe asasină, în timp ce Anakin trebuie să o însoțească pe Senatoarea Amidala până pe planeta ei natală, Naboo. Anakin, care s-a îndrăgostit de Padmé, se bucură că are ocazia să petreacă timp cu ea, deși Padmé nu recunoaște că simte și ea ceva pentru el, căci acest lucru ar fi contra codurilor morale necesare carierelor de Jedi și de senator.

Investigația lui Obi-Wan îl duce pe îndepărtata planetă Kamino, unde el descoperă că o armată de clone este adunată în secret pentru Republică. Obi-Wan își dă seama că ghidul clonelor, un vânător de recompense pe nume Jango Fett, este ucigașul pe care îl caută. După ce încearcă fără succes să îl prindă, Obi-Wan dă de urma lui pe planeta Geonosis. Între timp, Anakin, este îngrijorat din cauza unor coșmaruri repetate despre mama lui, pe care a lăsat-o în urmă pe Tatooine, când a plecat să devină un Jedi, iar ea era în mare pericol. Sfidând ordinele primite de a rămâne pe Naboo, Anakin o convinge pe Padmé să îl însoțească până pe Tatooine pentru a-și salva mama. Acolo, el descoperă că ea a fost răpită și bătută de invadatorii tuscheni și ea moare în brațele sale. Anakin cedează din cauza durerii și furiei sale, măcelărind întreaga comunitate tuschenă.

Între timp Obi-Wan este capturat de către contele Dooku.Anakin primește mesajul de la maestrul său și merge cu Padmé pe Geonosis dar sunt capturați de către Jango Fett în fabrica de droizi.Pe Coruscant se votează crearea armatei de clone iar maestrul Jedi Mace Windu merge pe Geonosis pentru ai salva pe Jedi. Când ajunge, Contele Dooku este surprins văzând toți cavaleri Jedi eliberându-i pe Obi-Wan, Anakin și Padmé.Mace Windu îl ucide pe Jango Fett iar trupele de clone sosesc la timp pentru ai ajuta pe Jedi. Dooku fuge urmărit de Anakin și Obi-Wan dar este prins. Aceștia încep o luptă cu lightsaber iar Dooku îi taie lui Anakin brațul. Yoda apare, luptându-se cu Dooku. Dar cum vede că nu îl poate învinge, Dooku creează o diversiune și scapă, îndreptându-se spre Coruscant unde se întâlnește cu Darth Sidious căruia îi dă vești că războiul clonelor a început. În cele din urmă, Anakin se căsătorește cu Padmé pe Naboo în timp ce clonele se pregătesc de RĂZBOIUL CLONELOR.

Distribuția
 Ewan McGregor ca Obi-Wan Kenobi: Un cavaler Jedi și mentor pentru studentul său padawan, Anakin Skywalker, care investighează tentativa de asasinare a lui Padmé, ceea ce l-a dus la descoperirea faptului că se adună o armată a clonelor.
 Hayden Christensen ca Anakin Skywalker: Studentul padawan al lui Obi-Wan și cunoscut ca fiind "cel ales". El este considerat a fi acel Jedi care "va aduce echilibrul în cadrul forței".
 Natalie Portman ca Senatoarea Padmé Amidala: Cea care a fost aleasă recent Senatoarre a Naboo după ce a fost regină, timp de două mandate ca regină.
 Ian McDiarmid ca, cancelarul Palpatine: Un fost senator galactic de pe Naboo, care este optimist în privința viitorului Republicii, crede în negocierile Separatiștii, în ciuda faptului că riscă să pornească un război.
 Samuel L. Jackson ca Mace Windu: Un membru al Consiliului Jedi.
 Anthony Daniels  ca vocea lui C-3PO.
 Kenny Baker ca R2-D2.
 Frank Oz ca vocea lui Yoda.

Producția

Scrierea scenariului
În 1999 și 2000, Lucas a transformat ideile sale original pentru Episodul II într-un scenariu. Jonathan Hales, care scrisese mai multe episoade din Cronicile tânărului Indiana Jones pentru Lucas, a fost co-autorul scenariului. Subtitrarea filmului subtitle a primit reacții negative când a fost prima dată lansată; unii au comparat-o cu titlul filmului Atacul femeii de 50 de picioare înălțime. Ca deghizare în timpul filmărilor, "titlul de lucru" al filmului a fost Marea aventură a lui Jar Jar, cu intenție sarcastică din cauza răspunsului negativ al fanilor la personajul din Episodul I.

Filmările
Fotografiile principale au fost făcute între 26 iunie 2000 și 20 septembrie 2000 în studiourile 20th Century Fox din Australia.

Efecte speciale

Coloana sonoră
Coloana sonoră a filmului a fost lansată în 23 aprilie 2002 de Sony Classical. Muzica a fost compusă și dirijată de John Williams și interpretată de Vocile Londrei și de Orchestra simfonică din Londra.

Teme
Observatorii cred că modul în care a ajuns Palpatine la putere este foarte asemănător cu cel al lui Adolf Hitler din Germania nazistă; fiind Cancelarul Germaniei (Imperiul German), i s-a acordat "forțe în caz de urgență" la fel cum a primit și cancelarul Palpatine. S-au făcut comparații cu Octavian, care a devenit Augustus, primul împărat al Romei; și cu Napoleon Bonaparte, care a ajuns la putere în Franța din 1796 până în 1799. Octavian a fost responsabil de morțile mai multor sute de adversari politici, cu mult înainte de avea forțe de tribun; Bonaparte a fost ales prim consul pe viață (și mai târziu Împărat) de Consulatul Francez după o tentativă eșuată asupra vieții sale și o lovitură care a urmat după aceea, în 18 noiembrie 1799. Unii au găsit paralele cu Războiul Civil American, făcând legătura între Separatiști și Statele Confederate ale Americii; numele oficial dat grupului separatist este "Confederația Sistemelor Independente". Numele armatei guvernului, "Armata colosală a Republicii", este același atât în Războiul stelelor cât și în Războiul Civil American, iar atât Palpatine cât și Lincoln au avut puterea de a declara oricând război și de a suspenda multe drepturi civile.

Lansarea

Box office

Recenzii
Atacul clonelor a primit în general recenzi mixte. Pe Rotten Tomatoes are 67% recenzii pozitive.

Adaptatări

Note

Note

Filme americane
Filme SF din anii 2000
Filme din 2002
Războiul stelelor
Filme cu roboți
Filme regizate de George Lucas
Filme pentru copii
Filme distopice
Zmeura de Aur pentru cel mai prost scenariu
Filme în limba engleză

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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HomeKindle BooksThe Ragged Edge of Night
The Ragged Edge of Night
Category: Kindle Books
For fans of All the Light We Cannot See, Beneath a Scarlet Sky, and The Nightingale comes an emotionally gripping, beautifully written historical novel about extraordinary hope, redemption, and one man's search for light during the darkest times of World War II.
Germany, 1942. Franciscan friar Anton Starzmann is stripped of his place in the world when his school is seized by the Nazis. He relocates to a small German hamlet to wed Elisabeth Herter, a widow who seeks a marriage—in name only—to a man who can help raise her three children. Anton seeks something too—atonement for failing to protect his young students from the wrath of the Nazis. But neither he nor Elisabeth expects their lives to be shaken once again by the inescapable rumble of war.
As Anton struggles to adapt to the roles of husband and father, he learns of the Red Orchestra, an underground network of resisters plotting to assassinate Hitler. Despite Elisabeth's reservations, Anton joins this army of shadows. But when the SS discovers his schemes, Anton will embark on a final act of defiance that may cost him his life—even if it means saying goodbye to the family he has come to love more than he ever believed possible.
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Never Tell: A Novel (A D.D. Warren and Flora Dane Novel)
The Victory Garden: A Novel
Beneath a Scarlet Sky: A Novel
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A good and effective resume is the first step towards finding a good job. If it satisfies the employer and recruiter, they are then possible to spend more time on you.
Below are some good resume writing tips and a perfect resume format as a sample resume template. As far as I know, a lot of people found jobs using this resume template.
3) The primary use of a resume, by employer, is to weed out candidates that do not "appear" to be, or are definitely not "qualified"
5) A resume should not present all of the facts. It entices the reader to seek more information.
6) Use the word "I"
Organized according to the sequence of your work history. Always begin with your current or last position and work backward.
Organized around skill categories and achievements; it highlights your qualifications in "generic" term and can play down a special industry or type of work. It does not list employers, dates, and titles.
You can select the format that you are most comfortable with. It is possible that you may elect to use more than one type for different situations.
4) how well do you match up to their "version" of their need.
Rule #2: Keep it clean, simple and to the point.
"If they have to search for it, they won't read it"
This resume template below is very good and effective. Lot of people used it and are able to get interviews easily.
Write out words in full (longhand writing) and synopsized. Use power words and action phases. Must relate to duties, skills and abilities detailed in targeting position description.
Put on front page only if relevant or enhancing, if not put onto back page.
-- Format from the standpoint of skills.
-- Resulting improvement … what you did.
-- Bullet, as is done here.
-- Do not need to be complete sentences.
-- Keep to single sentences whenever possible.
-- Include at least 3 to 6 appropriate examples for a stand alone section.
One or two brief sentences about company.
Brief description of what your duties and responsibilities were.


Sarasota Sister Cities Association is inviting all our friends from our 8 Sister Cities plus any of our friends, families and affiliates in Manasota (Manatee and Sarasota counties) to take part again in our annual International Contest of "Embracing Our Difference". This contest is open to everyone regardless of age or occupation.
Please see details in this crucial ink to see the interactive website.
Our mission is to use the transformative power of the Arts to educate and inspire to create a better world.
We envision a world that embraces diversity, respects differences and actively rejects hatred and prejudice.
Embracing Our Differences is a not-for-profit organization that uses the power of art and education to expand consciousness and open the heart to celebrate the diversity of the human family. It accomplishes this through an annual, large-scale outdoor juried art exhibition and a comprehensive series of educational initiatives, programs and resources designed for teachers and students.
Reminder: Deadline for submittal is Jan. 4th, 2016. The artist statements & quotations will need to be in English.
Thank you in advance and thank you in advance for your participation for this contest. We look forward to receiving your submittal.
A small donation of $5.00 to SCAS is suggested.
Presentations start at 4:00 pm.
Our Sister City Meet & Greet will follow at 5:30 pm.
It's beginning to look a lot like the holiday season in Sarasota! This festive display in Selby Five Points Park is courtesy of the Downtown Sarasota Merchants Association. This past Monday, the City Commission directed staff to explore options for public seating at Selby Five Points as we look to activate the park. We're considering different options, including the possibility of the neighboring Starbucks offering food and beverage service in the park.
Mon., December 14 - 5 p.m.
Mon., December 14 - 6 p.m.
Tues., December 15 - 5:30 p.m.
Wed., December 16 - 9 a.m.
Thurs., December 17 - 3 p.m.
Fri., December 18 - 1 p.m.
Holiday Boat Parade of Lights - Dec. 12 This weekend will be busy once again with another popular holiday event: the 30th Annual Holiday Boat Parade of Lights. The parade starts at 6 p.m. Saturday night (Dec. 12).
While there are many great viewing areas along the parade route, some of the best locations are: Centennial Park, City Island, Bayfront Park and Marina Jack. To see a map of the parade route click here.
Enjoy the festive lights on the water!
will start at 6 p.m. on Dec. 12.
he's stepping down from his volunteer duties as the Downtown Holiday Parade organizer. Over the decades, Paul has invested countless hours to help make Sarasota a better place, and along the way, he rightfully earned the moniker "Mr. Downtown" -- and additionally, my nickname for him: "The Godfather of Parades".
We're grateful, Paul, for your passion for parades and selfless community service. We look forward to seeing you on the other side of the parade next year --- enjoying it as a spectator.
As one would expect, Paul's last hurrah as parade organizer was another success! Everyone seemed to have a wonderful time at the parade last weekend. I know I enjoyed riding the Main Street route on my bicycle and seeing so many smiling faces.
A special thank you to the Sarasota Police Department for ensuring a safe event with tens of thousands of spectators...and to the Public Works Department for setting up and breaking down the barricades along the parade route. Job well done!
next Friday, December 18 from 6 p.m. - 7:30 p.m. This is a free family event and will feature lots of holiday themed games for the kids, arts and crafts, and cookie decorating.
Each child attending will be entered to win prizes, including a new bicycle. Santa Claus himself has already RSVP'd and plans to have many photo opps with children and families --- and the photos will be printed and available at no cost during the party. For more details click here.
This get together is possible because of generous donations from many individuals -- and donations are still being accepted. Thank you, one and all! And, we'll see you at the party.
Recycling - Holiday Reminder With the holiday season upon us, we'd like to pass along a reminder about being good stewards of our environment. In an average month, City of Sarasota residents send 1,200 tons of garbage to the landfill. During the holiday season, that amount increases. But, there are some actions you can take to reduce your footprint.
Remember the sustainability motto: Reduce, reuse, recycle! Whenever possible reuse items. For example, rather than throwing out gift boxes, store them and plan to use them again. With some wrapping paper, that's an option as well.
When purchasing batteries for electronic devices and games, consider buying rechargable batteries. The upfront cost may be more, but ultimately you will end up buying fewer batteries and sending less to the landfill.
For those with a real Christmas tree, when the time comes to dispose of it, just place it curbside (with the decorations removed, of course) on your regular garbage/yard waste collection day. If the tree is over 6 feet, you're asked to cut it in half otherwise the City's contractor, Waste Management, will not pick it up.
Let's think green this holiday season!
Visit Sarasota - New Downtown Location Visit Sarasota County has a new storefront in downtown. Last week, the Visitor Information Center moved from Lemon Ave. to 1710 Main Street, adjacent to First Baptist Church in the old Firestone tire building. The new location is much roomier with plenty of space for tourist guides, pamphlets and maps -- with on-site parking.
M - F: 10 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Sat.: 9 a.m. - 4 p.m.
Sun.: 11 a.m. - 3 p.m.
season's total of 2,475 nests edged out the previous year set in 2012 by just 6 nests.
The Sea Turtle Patrol has monitored turtle nests for the past 34 years. So, this record breaking year is significant.
Approximately 100 loggerhead turtle nests appeared on Lido Beach this year. According to the Turtle Patrol's documentation, the most popular nesting area in the region was Casey Key with 950+ nests.
Turtle nesting season runs May 1 - October 31. The Sea Turtle Patrol will ramp up soon for the 2016 season and they're always in need of a wide range of supplies from black Sharpies to headlamps to wire cutters. To learn more about donation opportunities click here.
PBS NewsHour - Chronic Homelessness The staff at PBS NewsHour has confirmed a new air date for their story about how the City of Sarasota is handling the chronic homeless issue. The segment is scheduled to run Sunday, December 13 at 6 p.m. on PBS stations across the nation, including local affiliate WEDU.
A PBS video crew spent several days in Sarasota last month talking with me, Sarasota Police Chief Bernadette DiPino and our Homeless Outreach Teams about the City's recent modest successes with homeless individuals (getting 80 homeless veterans off the streets and into housing over the past 15 months) and the challenges that lie ahead (including closing substantial funding gaps for supportive housing and mental health services).
PBS delayed running the story due to the terrorist attacks in Paris. The segment is expected to run approximately 10 minutes and will be posted on the NewsHour website.
Lemon Ave. at Main St.
Sat., December 12: 4 p.m. - 6 p.m.
Sun., December 13: Noon - 6 p.m.
Van Wezel: Shows on Sale Now!
with jazz pianist/singer Diana Krall.
Sat., December 12 - 8 p.m.
Sun., December 13 - 7 p.m.
Wed., December 23 - 7 p.m.
Mon., December 28 - 3 p.m. & 7 p.m.
Wed., December 30 - 8 p.m.
Thurs., December 31 - 7 p.m.
Sun., January 3, 2016 - 7 p.m.
Mon., January 4, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Tues., January 5, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Wed., January 6, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Thurs., January 7, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Tues., January 12, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Wed., January 13, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Thurs., January 14, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Fri., January 15, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Sat., January 16, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Sun., January 17, 2016 - 7 p.m.
Wed., January 20, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Thurs., January 21, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Sun., January 24, 2016 - 7 p.m.
Mon., January 25, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Wed., January 27, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Thurs., January 28, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Fri., January 29, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Sat., January 30, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Tues., February 2, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Thurs., February 4 - 7:30 p.m.
February 9 - 12, 2016: 8 p.m.
Sat., February 13, 2016: 2 p.m. & 8 p.m.
Sun., February 14, 2016: 1:30 p.m. & 7 p.m.
Wed., February 17, 2016 - 2 p.m. & 8 p.m.
Thurs., February 18, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Tues., February 23, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Wed., February 24, 2016 - 7 p.m.
Thurs., February 25, 2016 - 7:30 p.m.
Fri., February 26, 2016 - 7:30 p.m.
Sat., February 27, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Sun., February 28, 2016 - 8 p.m.
Mon., February 29, 2016 - 8 p.m.
To purchase tickets over the phone call 941-953-3368 or stop by the Box Office at 777 N.Tamiami Trail.
For a complete schedule of events, visit www.VanWezel.org.
Thanks for reading this week's edition. If you'd like to receive Weekly Briefs directly to your inbox click 'Join Our Mailing List' below or send us an email at CityNews@SarasotaGov.com.
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Wimmera Farmer
"One pretty strong (netball) team" has been hand-picked to celebrate 20 years since Stawell and Warriors merged to form one club. The current day Stawell Warriors netball sub-committee was tasked with the challenge of picking a team of the best players to represent the club since the merge two decades ago. That sub-committee picked from a selection of "about 25 players" who were shortlisted by 10 prominent club individuals from the past 20 years including coaches, members, committee and players. ------------------SEE THE FULL TEAM BELOW------------------ Criteria players were judged on included playing at least two seasons, being picked to play in the positions they played in during their career, their service and loyalty to the club as well as playing achievements. It is the first time the club has picked a side like this. Gaye Kramer was chosen to coach the 10-player team, with current day A Grade player and Hatcher Medallist Jemma Clarkson selected as captain. "The current netball sub-committee, worked hard to choose the team. It was all of us except one who was in the running for selection. In order to be transparent she stood aside," selection committee member Debbie Bach said. "The five of us had a lot of discussion, particularly around a few positions. "It was not an easy task at all but it's one pretty great team we have got together. It'd be nice to have them playing all together." READ MORE: See the best Stawell Warriors football team of the past 20 years Bach said selection in the team is something to be cherished by those players. "It is a huge achievement and it is also fantastic for the club to see players who have come right through the ranks from juniors into the best team of the last 20 years," she said. Full team: Emma Inverarity (nee Henry), Jade Cross, Janelle Chisholm, Jemma Clarkson (captain), Jessie Newton (nee Antonio), Liza Cook, Lori Ludeman (nee Antonio), Lynne Jenkinson, Mandy Brady, Tracey Dark. Gaye Kramer (coach). While you're with us, you can now receive updates straight to your inbox each Friday morning from the Stawell Times-News. To make sure you're up-to-date with all the news from across the Northern Grampians shire, sign up here.
/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/lachlan.williams/0692b5dc-890a-4ac1-a454-d580d74b8638.jpg/r28_0_3237_1813_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
August 3 2019 - 8:30PM
Best Stawell Warriors netball team of the past 20 years picked | Photos
Lachlan Williams
"One pretty strong (netball) team" has been hand-picked to celebrate 20 years since Stawell and Warriors merged to form one club.
The current day Stawell Warriors netball sub-committee was tasked with the challenge of picking a team of the best players to represent the club since the merge two decades ago.
That sub-committee picked from a selection of "about 25 players" who were shortlisted by 10 prominent club individuals from the past 20 years including coaches, members, committee and players.
------------------SEE THE FULL TEAM BELOW------------------
Criteria players were judged on included playing at least two seasons, being picked to play in the positions they played in during their career, their service and loyalty to the club as well as playing achievements.
It is the first time the club has picked a side like this.
Gaye Kramer was chosen to coach the 10-player team, with current day A Grade player and Hatcher Medallist Jemma Clarkson selected as captain.
"The current netball sub-committee, worked hard to choose the team. It was all of us except one who was in the running for selection. In order to be transparent she stood aside," selection committee member Debbie Bach said.
"The five of us had a lot of discussion, particularly around a few positions.
"It was not an easy task at all but it's one pretty great team we have got together. It'd be nice to have them playing all together."
READ MORE: See the best Stawell Warriors football team of the past 20 years
Bach said selection in the team is something to be cherished by those players.
"It is a huge achievement and it is also fantastic for the club to see players who have come right through the ranks from juniors into the best team of the last 20 years," she said.
STAWELL WARRIORS 20-YEAR NETBALL TEAM (1999-2018)
Full team: Emma Inverarity (nee Henry), Jade Cross, Janelle Chisholm, Jemma Clarkson (captain), Jessie Newton (nee Antonio), Liza Cook, Lori Ludeman (nee Antonio), Lynne Jenkinson, Mandy Brady, Tracey Dark. Gaye Kramer (coach).
While you're with us, you can now receive updates straight to your inbox each Friday morning from the Stawell Times-News. To make sure you're up-to-date with all the news from across the Northern Grampians shire, sign up here.
This story Best Stawell Warriors netball team of the past 20 years picked | Photos first appeared on The Stawell Times-News.
Balancing between roles on council, employment and life
Rapid test shortage in Horsham as Victorian Government begins distribution plans
China's food security goals are driving global feed grain demand
Comprehensive double victory for Hornets
Horsham records another 31 new COVID cases over 24 hours
Grampians climate is changing, how will we adapt?
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Studies on Human Rights in Education
Publications on Education Law of South Africa and the Russian Federation
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Home » Who are we? » Paul Meredith
Paul Meredith
Tel: 023 8059 3418 (direct)
E-mail: apkm@soton.ac.uk
– LLB (Edin) 1973; PhD (Cantab) 1981. Reader in Education Law.
United Kingdom – University of Southampton
His main research interests relate to administrative law and human rights, focusing in particular on the governance of education and the rights of children and parents in the context of education. He is the author of Government, Schools and the Law, Routledge (1992) and is Co-Editor of the quarterly Journal, Education and the Law, Taylor and Francis / Carfax. He is a member of the Executive Board of the European Association for Education Law and Policy and of the Editorial Board of the European Journal for Education Law and Policy.
'Judicial Review and Education' in Brigid Hadfield (Ed.), Judicial Review: a Thematic Approach, Gill & Macmillan (1995), pp. 67-98.
'Schulautonomie in England unter der konservativen Regierung und unter 'New Labour" [1997] 4 Recht der Jugend und des Bildungswesens 351-361.
'The Fall and Rise of Local Education Authorities' in Neville Harris (Ed.), Education Law: New Structures, New Rights, New Remedies, [1998] XX(1) Liverpool Law Review 41-62.
'Incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into UK Law: Implications for Education' [1998] 2(1) European Journal for Education Law and Policy 7-23.
(With Neville Harris) 'Success Against the Odds' The Legislative Response to Under-Achievement in Urban Schools in England and Wales' in Piet Akkermans, Jan De Groof and Hilde Pennemen (Eds.), Education Law and Policy in an Urban Society, Kluwer Law International (1999).
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adele new look instagram funny mad libs / modern whig party platform
adele new look instagram
"She's more focused on feeling good and the health benefits than the weight loss. Adele stuns fans with new look as she celebrates birthday in Instagram post Dan Seddon.
Looking gorgeous! Adele is celebrating her 32nd birthday today (May 6) and to mark the occasion she's treated her Wearing a black dress and sporting a giant grin, the singer-songwriter showed off her new look once again, which has left fans on social media blown away.Thanking fans for the well-wishes, she also shared some appreciative words for the medical workers battling the "I'd like to thank all of our first responders and essential workers who are keeping us safe while risking their lives!
Picture: Instagram/Getty Images"I used to cry but now I sweat #gingermckenna Happy birthday to one of the kindest and funniest people I've met @champagnepapi," she wrote alongside a photo of the pair on Instagram.And in two of black and white festive snaps on Instagram around the same time, the She also hired a personal trainer to work with her three times a week, according to The singer's fitness routine includes weekly sessions of cardio and circuit training."She really wants to be healthy and set a good example for her son," a source told the magazine."She's more focused on feeling good and the health benefits than the weight loss."One thing's for sure: She will be one of the few people in the world to emerge from coronavirus isolation looking fitter. And in two of black and white festive snaps on Instagram around the same time, the Hello singer's demure look had some fans likening her to American Horror Story actor Sarah Paulson. The new-look hair and makeup, paired with a hot black mini-dress screams quarantine for the win!! You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io The photo, taken in Vegas, features Adele pouting in the foreground in a figure-hugging black dress and suede boots, with film director Lauren to the right and fashion designer Nicole Richie and author Jedidiah Jenkins in the background. Fans have long said Sarah Paulson and Adele look alike, but those comments returned in droves after the singer recently revealed her new look on Instagram. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses.
Visitors to Adele's Instagram page today were stunned by the singer's latest picture, with the star's new look simply jaw-dropping.Award-winning singer Adele has gone through some drastic changes in her life and career over the past year. "The superstar's comments section was soon full of well wishes, as actress Rita Wilson posted: "Happy Birthday, Adele. You may be able to find more information on their web site. 2.5m Followers, 655 Following, 6,978 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from New Look (@newlook) You are truly our angels. You came into my life a few months before I had Story and you quickly became one of the most important figures in my journey as a new mother.
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