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Round / Oval Square Hexagon Rectangular Pedestal Flag
Glass Wood Locking Non-locking Portable
Floor Wall Counter
Rectangular Trophy Cases with Tempered Glass Shelving
Items 1 - 6 out of 6
46" Display Case with Pedestal Design, Rear Hinged Doors, Frameless - Black
More Color Options Available! $547.42 #2 Best Seller! Display Cases > Cash Wraps & Counters
46" Display Case with Pedestal Design, Rear Hinged Doors, Frameless - Wenge
More Color Options Available! $539.33
Model Display Case w/ Lift-Off Top & Removable Riser, .25" Thick Acrylic, Black Base
More Common Size (w x h x d) Options Available! $151.66 #1 Best Seller! Display Cases > Sports & Model Displays
18.5" Acrylic Display Case w/Motorized Rotating Shelves, Mirror Base, Wheels - Black
Model Display Case w/ Lift-Off Top, Clear Acrylic Casing & Black Base
More Common Size (w x h x d) Options Available! $60.18
Shadow Box Doll Display Case for Tabletop or Wall, Magnetic Door Closure - Black
$35.99 #1 Best Seller! Display Cases > Shadow Boxes
Rectangular Display Fixtures for Commercial or Residential Collections
Our rectangular trophy cases include our largest models. Designed for commercial, institutional and residential locations, each case is constructed with style, security and stability in mind. Freestanding rectangular trophy cases are made using tempered safety glass for walls as well as shelves. Units intended for use in multiple locations, such those on retail store sales floors and at trade shows, need to be made from materials that are both durable and preferably lighter in weight to aid in transportation. Our portable rectangular trophy case models incorporate wheels or come with carrying cases.
These trophy cases have a simple and classic design. There aren't any curves or ornamentation with these models, just clean, straight lines and plenty of clear glass. It's those qualities, however, that make many of these display cabinets for awards, trophies and much more our top sellers. These trophy cases, also called school showcases, feature a number of finishes that go well with many different types of décor as well. These display cabinets are simple but versatile, suitable for almost any place and any need.
What are some of the shared features of these rectangular laminate showcases?
Display cabinets are available for purchase in the following finishes: black, silver, cherry, maple, oak, and rosewood.
The anodized aluminum framing on both styles comes in silver, black, or gold.
The showcases have tempered glass sliding doors for easily accessing the products held inside. The clear glass allows for customers and other guests to easily see the merchandise inside, and the locking doors make it simple for you to retrieve what the customers want to see.
50 watt halogen lights are designed into the top of the cases, which help to illuminate and show off the products displayed within. The halogen light bulbs are powered via electrical cord, and operated with a switch.
Inside the retail showcases are 1/4-inch thick tempered glass shelves. The shelves and supports are height adjustable, giving you the option of exhibiting larger merchandise on certain shelves.
The cases are dust resistant, providing a safe place for delicate collectibles and memorabilia or merchandise.
Security: There are varying levels of security devices offered in each of these showcases for retail, institutional or residential use. Locking mechanisms can be located in storage areas, on doors or both. Some models offering dual access will have separate locks for each door. Even styles designed as residential displays of personal awards, trophies, artifacts or even collections may need locks to protect contents from fingerprints or tampering.
The differences between the different models of display cabinets are primarily because of the size. The smaller model in this category measures 36" wide by 24" high, with a depth of 8". The larger model features measurements of 48" wide by 30" high by 9" deep. The larger, 48" long cabinet utilizes four (4) halogen lights in the canopy to illuminate the whole case compared to the three (3) lights in the smaller model. One thing that the exhibit case models do have in common, and is clearly mentioned a couple of time within the features, is their usage of tempered glass.
Why is using tempered glass important in these display cabinets?
Tempered glass has been treated, usually using either heat or a chemical process, to be stronger than a standard window pane. This means that it will not break as easily, making this a safer substance for use around customers and children.
If, by chance, the tempered components in the display cabinets do get broken (which does not happen easily) the panels will not splinter off into sharp-edged shards. Instead, they will crumble into small, rounded chunks which are both less dangerous to be around and far easier to clean up than the large shards.
These showcases can be found in a large number of places holding a wide selection of merchandise. One of the most common places these display cabinets are spotted is in retail stores, especially boutiques, jewelry stores, gift shops, department stores, and more. The cases can offer a 360 degree view of the products contained inside while keeping them protected from dust and accidental damage. The exhibit cases can hold many different types of merchandise as well, such as jewelry, watches, makeup and other cosmetics, electronics, eyewear, and more. Hotel lobbies and office suites could utilize these exhibit cases as a way to display employee accolades and other awards out there where guests and visitors can easily see them. Museums and galleries find these displays useful for small sculptures and other historical artifacts that need to be kept safe from dust and other environmental concerns.
Schools are one of the most popular places to find display showcases like these. They can be found in school libraries, exhibiting which non-fiction books they're highlighting that month, or noticeably showcasing which books the students need to find in order to complete their summer reading. In the main hallways of a school these cabinets could be hung, letting everyone see the sports awards and academic trophies they've earned over the years. These award displays can also be used in residences. Their modern look makes them a great match for minimalist styles of interior décor. The wood finish models, however, will also go nicely with some more classical styles. These cabinets make great places to store fine china, fragile figurines, family heirlooms, your own personal awards, sports memorabilia, and other collectibles you've acquired over the years.


"Live From the Gates of Hell #FreeMee," Tay-K wrote on Twitter and Instagram Tuesday afternoon, sharing a photo of himself inside a jail cell.
The surprising image comes on the heels of news that the 18-year-old rapper received an additional felony charge for being caught with a banned substance while in jail. According to the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, it was a cell phone.
Chief of Staff for the Tarrant County Sheriff's Office David McClelland explained that Tay-K initially tried to hide the phone in his underwear before throwing it toward a toilet when he was approached by a deputy. "They asked him to remove it," McClelland noted. "That's when he attempted to throw it in to the toilet to destroy the phone... When they tried to take the phone away from him, he got a little angry and got into an altercation with one of our jailers."
Facing capital murder and aggravated robbery charges for his alleged role in the 2016 shooting of Ethan Walker, as well as accusations of fatally shooting Mark Anthony Saldivar the following year, Tay-K was moved to solitary confinement at the maximum-security Lon Evans Corrections Center in mid-August.
The young rapper's legal troubles have been mounting in recent weeks. According to the Star-Telegram, one of his alleged accomplices has agreed to testify against him in court. 22-year-old Ariana Bharrat arrived at a deal with prosecutors to avoid capital murder charges by testifying against Tay-K and pleading guilty to aggravated robbery in exchange for a 25-year prison sentence. Another defendant, Megan Holt, had already struck a similar deal earlier this year.


The Hair Cuttery Yardley location is phenomenal! I will meet every single expectation for hair services and more. I've been to upscale salons and this location met everyone single one of my needs for a salon.Heather was my go to person is well educated in styling hair as well as dying. For myself and my children, for this family of 5 it works well within our budget. Thank you Hair Cuttery!
Our stylist Aida was fantastic!! She was professional, friendly, efficient and great with two elementary aged children. Unfortunately while she was cutting my son's hair, my daughter was completely skipped over for "the next available stylist". That was problematic and gave me a terrible feeling about the salon. Aida was wonderful about that by apologizing and taking care of my daughter as soon as she finished my son. No other stylist acknowledged this mishap nor apologized. Had Aida not been so wonderful, I doubt I would return!
Aida is the best. 3rd time with her and she always does a great job and is extremely personable.
Stylist was very helpful. She did s great job!
My stylist did not cut my hair as I had asked. She cut too much and did not seem to be interested in my requests.
I wouldn't go to any other salon or to any other hairdresser. Becky was out for several weeks and I just waited for her return even though I looked like a rag muffin.
Kathy was great. She did exactly what I wanted for my hair.
Hair Cuttery is the largest family-owned and operated chain of hair salons in the country, with nearly 900 locations on the East Coast and in New England and the Midwest. A full-service salon for men, women and children, Hair Cuttery at 1629 Big Oak Rd in Yardley offers the latest trends in cut, color, blowout and styling, all at an amazing value. Hair Cuttery is a division of Ratner Companies, based in Vienna, VA. Come visit us at 1629 Big Oak Rd.


The savings just keep coming---30% off! Please continue to share savings opportunities with your school families. Believe it or not, school is right around the corner and we all love a good sale during back to school shopping!
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Le Vaisseau fantôme est la vingt-cinquième histoire de la série Les Petits Hommes de Pierre Seron et Mittéï sous le pseudonyme de Hao. Elle est publiée pour la première fois du  au  du journal Spirou, puis sous forme d'album en 1977.

Univers

Synopsis

Personnages

Historique

Publication

Revues

Album

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Vaisseau fantôme

Liens externes

Album des Petits Hommes
Album de bande dessinée sorti en 1977
Album Dupuis
Histoire des Petits Hommes
Histoire publiée dans Spirou
Histoire publiée pour la première fois en 1975

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Although many consider it to be the beginning of the American Revolution, few Americans are familiar with the conflict known as Lord Dunmore's War. It featured one battle, the Battle of Point Pleasant, fought on October 10, 1774 at Point Pleasant, which is the confluence of the Kanawha and Ohio Rivers in modern-day West Virginia. This series of four blog posts will focus on Lord Dunmore's War, and will place it in its proper historical context.
John Murray, a Scot who was the fourth Earl of Dunmore, commonly known as Lord Dunmore, was the final colonial governor of the Virginia colony. The conflict that became known as Lord Dunmore's War was a dispute over who would control the area south of the Ohio River, known as the Ohio Country. The Iroquois Confederacy claimed that land, although other tribes, including the Shawnee, also hunted that land. Disputes over control of this area were among the primary triggers of the French & Indian War (otherwise known as the Seven Years' War), which cost France control of the region.
When the British claimed control over those lands at the end of the French & Indian War, the Indians refused to cede control of their hunting grounds, and prepared to defend them. The Shawnee were the most powerful of the tribes aligned against the Iroquois, and they organized a large confederacy of tribes opposed to the British and the Iroquois to defend their claims to the Ohio Country. British diplomacy largely isolated the Shawnee, and they soon stood largely alone against the British.
Shortly after the treaty ending the French & Indian War, British settlers and surveyors pouted into the area, immediately bringing them into conflict with the Indians. As early as September 1773, Indians attacked white settled in Kentucky County, Virginia and captured and tortured to death Daniel Boone's son James and another man. By December, word of this atrocity reached newspapers in Baltimore and Philadelphia. For the next several years, Indian raiding parties regularly attacked settlers, mutilated and tortured the men to death and enslaved their women and children.
Capt. Michael Cresap established a trade post at Redstone Old Fort near present-day Brownsville, Pennsylvania on the Monongahela River. Under Lord Dunmore's authority, Cresap seized control of land at and below the mouth of Middle Island Creek near present-day Sistersville, West Virginia. In the spring of 1774, he traveled there to settle his holdings. A second group, led by Ebenezer Zane, had established a settlement at the mouth of Sandy Creek, near present-day Ravenswood, West Virginia. A third, and larger, group that included the famous future explorer George Rogers Clark, settled at the mouth of the Kanawha River near modern-day Parkersburg, West Virginia. They were waiting there for other Virginians who intended to settle lands in Kentucky.
Soon, word filtered in that hostile Indians regularly attacked, robbed and killed traders, surveyors and other travelers down the Ohio River. They soon concluded that the Shawnee and their allies were determined to go to war. Consequently, they decided on a preemptive strike: they would strike an Ohio Indian village called Horsehead Bottom near the mouth of the Scioto River at modern-day Portsmouth, Ohio. They chose Cresap, who had military experience, to lead this raiding party.
Cresap talked them out of launching the attack on the Shawnee village because he did not believe that war was inevitable. If they carried out their attack, they would trigger an all-out war and would be blamed for it. He persuaded them to go to Zane's settlement (present-day Wheeling, West Virginia) wait and see what would happen. However, tales of savagery by the Indians riled up the countryside, and the ranks swelled with men itching to attack the Shawnee.
Capt. John Connolly, the garrison commander at Fort Pitt sent word to Zane's settlement to wait for a few days because he had sent messages to the local tribes to determine their intentions. Connolly soon sent a message indicating that the Shawnee and their allies intended war. On April 28, 1774, Cresap convened a meeting where he read Connolly's letter to the assembled group, which then declared war against the Indians.
On April 29, settlers spotted Indian canoes on the river and chased them about fifteen miles downriver to Pipe Creek, where they attacked the Indians. A skirmish occurred, with both sides taking a few casualties. On April 30, Clark's party abandoned its plan to go to Kentucky, broke camp, and joined Cresa's men at Redstone Old Fort.
Immediately after the Pipe Creek attack, settlers attacked and killed relatives of the Mingo leader, Logan at their camp on the west bank of the Ohio River at Yellow Creek, near present-day Steubenville, Ohio. Until that moment, Logan had not indicated any intention to go to war. A party of about 30 Mingos, including Logan's younger brother, known as John Petty and two related women (including one who was pregnant and an infant), crossed the Ohio and visited the cabin of a settler named Joshua Baker. A group of 30 frontiersmen suddenly barged into Baker's cabin and killed all of the Mingos but the baby.
Logan blamed Cresap for the attack, even though Cresap had nothing to do with it. Realizing that this would now rile up the Indians, most of the area's settlers sought protection either in blockhouses, or by heading east across the Allegheny Mountains. They had good reason to be alarmed: the Mingos and Shawnee began striking settlers, seeking revenge.
We have received your Speeches by White Eyes, and as to what Mr. Croghan and Mr. McKee says, we look upon it all to be lies, and perhaps what you say may be lies also, but as it is the first time you have spoke to us we listen to you, and expect that what we may hear from you will be more confined to truth than what we usually hear from the white people. It is you who are frequently passing up and down the Ohio, and making settlements upon it, and as you have informed as that your wise people have met together to consult upon this matter, we desire you to be strong and consider it well. Brethren: We see you speak to us at the head of your warriors, who you have collected together at sundry places upon this river, where we understand they are building forts, and as you have requested us to listen to you, we will do it, but in the same manner that you appear to speak to us. Our people at the Lower Towns have no Chiefs among them, but are all warriors, and are also preparing themselves to be in readiness, that they may be better able to hear what you have to say….You tell us not to take any notice of what your people have done to us; we desire you likewise not to take any notice of what our young men may now be doing, and as no doubt you can command your warriors when you desire them to listen to you, we have reason to expect that ours will take the same advice when we require it, that is, when we have heard from the Governour [sic] of Virginia.
Responding to word that fighting had begun along the Ohio River, Lord Dunmore asked the Virginia legislature to authorize general militia forces and to fund a volunteer expedition to the Ohio River valley to quell these disturbances. He planned to march into the Ohio Valley and force the Indians to accept Ohio River boundary that had been negotiated with the Iroquois as part of the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix, which ended the French and Indian War. Dunmore realized that this expedition presented a prime opportunity to open new lands to expansion of the Virginia colony, a policy he had pursued for years. Dunmore, who vehemently opposed the rebellion brewing in Massachusetts, recognized that this expedition could also help to divert the attention of the Virginia colonists from the crisis growing in Boston. He hoped that the Virginia citizenry would rally around his administration rather than joining the rebels in New England. He also hoped to secure Virginia's claim to the area around Fort Pitt and also remove the threat of the Indian tribes opposed to the settlement of the Ohio Country and Kentucky. It was a bold gamble that could cost Dunmore his position as governor if it failed.
A large force of Virginia militia mustered and advanced toward the Ohio River. Dunmore split his force into two groups: 1,700 men under Dunmore's personal command that would move down the Ohio from Fort Pitt and another 800 men under command of Col. Andrew Lewis, which would travel from Camp Union (modern-day Lewisburg, West Virginia), which would rendezvous with Dunmore's column near Point Pleasant at the mouth of the Kanawha River. Dunmore's column arrived at Fort Fincastle—at modern-day Wheeling—on September 30, while Lewis' column—now 1100 strong—arrived at the mouth of the Kanawha on October 6 after a grueling 19 day march through the mountainous wilderness. Lewis established Camp Pleasant there, and sent messengers up the Ohio River to find Dunmore. On October 9, Dunmore sent a dispatch announcing his plan to proceed to the Shawnee towns on the Scioto River, and ordered Lewis to cross the Ohio River and meet him at the Shawnee towns.
The stage was now set for the decisive battle of what became known as Lord Dunmore's War.
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Prime Seed Views: According to FiveThirtyEight Mannequin Prime Seeds Duke can greatest transfer to the last quarter in the subject (53 % chance) and greatest Payouts (19 %) .
Blue Devils will quickly lead four quickly after the first round, together with Zion Williamson, one among the biggest skills in the final reminiscence. The Duke is a walker with an accent roll at the offensive finish and much more durable in defense than many can understand. That is one among Mike Krzyzewski's most balanced groups and tasks, his first ever since 2010, ranked sixth among Ken Pomeroy & # 39; s custom-made legal and protection metrics. This group gained the national title.
What's not on this group, nevertheless, is touching the circle. Duke shoots brilliantly 30.2 % outdoors the arc, which is the worst signal amongst the event groups.  In different elements of the area there is a winner in the Massive Ten Conference Tournament, Michigan State Michigan State ]. Prize No. 2 Spartans have the honor of being a possible match for Elite Eight's prime common seed. Head coach Tom Izzo was not too completely satisfied. The Spartans have suffered from accidents, however are still certainly one of the most balanced groups in the nation, ranked among the prime eight in Pomeroy.
Sneaky Remaining Four: No. 4 Virginia Tech . Beneath the lead of Kerry Blackshear Jr. and Nickeil Alexander-Walker, the Hokies staff is a balanced group that ranks among the 25 greatest groups in Pomeroy, both in crime and protection. Although they have lost eight occasions, only two of them have been double digits. Additionally, Virginia Tech does not have a totally unfriendly guess the place you'll be able to win Saint Louis (87%) and Mississippi State-Liberty winner (63%) before you probably run into Duke's Juggernaut. We give Hokies a good 25% probability towards Blue Devils – and a 54% probability that rises from the area if they manage to drop Duke.
Do not hit: No. Three LSU . When coach Will Wade was immersed in a scandal in the recreation and his group would in all probability be overrated as a 3-seed, Bayou Bengals could possibly be ripe in this event. In the Pomeroy scores, they ranked only 18 – about 5-seed quality – to a large extent thanks to the protection, which didn't even explode the nation's 60 biggest efficiencies. (This was seen at the second half of 51 they received to Florida once they lost their first SEC event recreation.) Their NCAA path just isn't very straightforward: Yale just isn't a pushover as a 14-seed and is not a potential second-round opponent Maryland, and we give Tigers only a 26 % probability of profitable Michigan State if the teams meet in Sweet Sixteen.
Three years ago, zzo stated he thought his 6-foot 1 soccer can be the greatest passer-by of Michigan State after Magic Johnson. The Spartans make all the point guards, one among the greatest in the country, to affirm their coach's comment. Solely Murray State And Morant, who's a positive lottery in this yr's draft, has a better fee of help than Winston (46.Zero %). And behind Winston, the Spartans assist the country's highest subject objectives.
Junior can also be Izzon's leading scorer and one in every of the country's prime threats, representing greater than 40 % outdoors the arc. As a result of the accidents have robbed the Spartans unrestrainedly of their courtroom production, Winston has replaced his recreation. When he put it on Athletic, "I have to do a lot to win my team."
Prime Seed Forecasts: Gonzaga is the West's greatest workforce with a exceptional margin, but Zagit is just not the last Two years ago, they all the time achieved success beneath the brilliant lights of the event. Nevertheless, Gonzaga has a 70 % probability of attaining Elite Eight, in accordance to our mannequin, and the third greatest odds that each workforce will achieve a national championship recreation (26 %).
Should Gonzaga encounter in the second spherical of Syracuse, defending the zones in the Orange area might give the Bulldogs a problem. This is the greatest crime Mark Few has been in Spokane, but it can be examined for any nice western defense: the prime 4 are found in this area, together with the prime two in Texas Tech and Michigan. 19659004] Sneaky Remaining 4: No. four Florida State . KenPom Prime 20 Lamp Simsoles hopes to build the final season's event race, which saw them as four-point margins. FSU has a dominant protection (No. 9 in Pomeroy's scores) and a balanced listing of 4 gamers with a minimum of 2.5 wins. This drawing shouldn't be horrible, either: Vermont is just not notably troublesome as the first-round opponent, and Marquette is extraordinarily invincible (extra right here). No. 1, who received uninterested in Gonzaga, in all probability thinks after that, and we give the FSU a 24 % probability towards Zage – but Seminole would have a 48 % probability of creating the ultimate fourth in the event that they pulled up shocked.
] Do not make investments: No. 5 Marquette . Groups which are fifth are often not good bets to go past Candy 16, but Marquette may be a very dangerous selection. According to FiveThirtyEight's energy scores, the Golden Eagles is by far the worst No. 5 seed on the subject, and the first spherical date, the place the medium-sized celebrity And Morant had no reputation. Marquette has her own star power in junior guard Markus Howard, who is ranked sixth in the nation with a mean of 25 points per recreation, however this workforce misplaced 5 of the final six games and has a troublesome event path forward. 19659004] Cinderella watch: No. 10 Florida . The Gator may be considered one of the latest bubble teams that crawl into the 68 area, but they could possibly be prepared to do some injury now that they're here. They pulled Nevada, the so-called 7-seed, in the first spherical and give Florida a 42 % probability of pulling up there. Final yr's nationwide competitor, Michigan, is probably going to watch for spherical 2, and it is a robust match (23 % for Florida), but when Gators wins, they have a 38 % probability of creating Elite Eight. In an area with many good however flawed options, Florida seems to be better than a typical 10-seed.
. "If I feel like getting a good, quick jump first, I'll go pretty much with anyone," Clarke informed me. "I've seen that I've seen Zion (Williamson) coming by means of the band on TV, and if I cannot leap in at the right time, I will in all probability bounce at him, however … I really don't see I'm not leaping with anyone.
Sneaky Remaining Four: No. 6 Villanova . Is it "bad" to select a workforce that has gained two of the last three nationwide titles? Perhaps not. However this has not been the similar staff that coach Jay Wright directed to these championships. When a ton of the greatest players have been worn out of last yr's profitable workforce, Wildcats had a prime yr they usually misplaced the last five massive East games of the eight regular season. However additionally they acquired scorching last week once they gained the season once they nonetheless gained the titles of Huge East's regular season and conference event – they usually still had one in every of the 20 greatest crimes in the country, in accordance to KenPom. an insane number of 3-pointers). Our power values assume they are the fourth greatest staff in South America, even if they are 6 years previous, and have a 39 % probability to no less than make it back to Candy 16 for the fifth time in the last six seasons.
Don't make investments: No. 4 Kansas State . Coach Bruce Weber's wild cats in the last quarter made virtually the last quarter, however this time they could be harder. The state of okay has elite protection (according to the Pomeroy score it's the fourth in the nation), but its crime is susceptible to battles – and it might be down to the second leading scorer, ahead of Dean Wade, who left the Huge 12 event loss to the Iowa state foot damage. A brutal drawing that provides Wildcats a hard No. 13 seed in UC Irvine in the first round, then placed them opposite the Wisconsin-Oregon winner in Round 2, might limit their probabilities of continuing deep into the second consecutive event.
Junior has come far from being a "little skillful boy with a skill." "Williams, the actual chief of Rick Barnes volunteers, has bullied the SEC over the past two years, amassing two consecutive conference gamers for the yr's Honorary Awards.
Vols might solely describe the greatest offense during the Barnes teaching profession – and we're talking a few guy who coaches Kevin Durant! Much of this offensive power could be traced to Williams, the workforce's leading scorer and rebounder, who ranks 97th percentile by scoring efficiency, in accordance to Synergy Sports activities.
Williams has an previous man recreation that you will discover at the local YMCA, back-to-the-basket, foot-based offensive assault, which primarily occurs in the aftermarket, the place he ranks 98% in scoring effectivity and shoots a set subject objective of 56.1. He also can get the buckets of volunteers into the shorter moments of the games because he's ranked 96% in a separate scoring effectivity.
High Seed Views: Midwest appears to be open to four areas, however we nonetheless give the quantity. 1 North Carolina Greatest odds, 35 % chance of reaching Ultimate 4 and 18 % chance of appearing in national championship. Nevertheless, these odds are at the least eight proportion factors lower than another subject in area 1, and for good cause: North Carolina's crime is determined by every play turning into quick. Tar Heels is struggling to get right into a free-throw line and quit a ton of photographs round the rim, which in a sluggish, half-size matchup could possibly be quite problematic.
opens season # 2 Kentucky has been burned in current weeks and found a stability on each ends of the flooring and principally abstained from the Three-point line. No. 3 Houston is in the center of its greatest season, because Clyde Drexler and Hakeem Olajuwon have revolutionized basketball, they usually have a defense that belongs to the greatest ring and inside.
Sneaky Last 4: No. 5 Auburn . When Tigers steamed Tennessee 84-64 on Sunday in a SEC recreation recreation, it was doubtless to pay much consideration to supporters. It was not a one-off – Auburn also gained Tennessee eight days earlier and was part of eight direct wins for Tigers and 10 in the last 11 video games. With an explosive crime (KenPom's effectivity # 8) that acquired extra factors from the middle than some other NCAA area workforce, Auburn can warm up shortly. We are giving Tigers the threshold of a coin that makes Sweet 16 and a really strong 37 % a chance to win a top-rated North Carolina if Tar Heels is ready for Auburn. The one kryptonite is usually a hypothetical regional remaining matchup with No. 2 seed in Kentucky, who gained the tigers with 27 at the end of February to sweep the season's collection.
Don't Beat: No. four Kansas . Jayhawks went to season # 1 in the AP's preseason survey, they usually appeared to affirm their selection by beginning the season 10-0. However 15-9 data (and some main injuries) have since raised doubts about the potential of the Kansas NCAA event. This can be a very well-balanced group, but to say that it does not shoot nicely from outdoors is just too small – see KU's Three-year-old 18 performance deep on Saturday in Massive 12 towards Iowa. Add an unfavorable line that puts them in a potential second-round collision course with Auburn (see above), and provides Jayhawks solely eight % of the probability to make a Midwest Championship.
Cinderella watch: No. 11 Ohio State . If the Massive Ten staff, which has made 11 finals, could be a Cinderella, take a look at it in these Buckeyes. (Hey, the Committee's growing tendency to sow in this method the power convention faculties in this approach really mixes with the definition.) OSU went only 18 to 13 throughout the regular season, gained it in one other Massive Ten event and had virtually twice as much losses after the New Yr. Why Buckeyes Is Attainable Cinderella? Regardless of the seeds, that is nonetheless a dangerous workforce that ranks 27th in Pomeroy's # 39 tailored defensive scores and has highlighted Kaleb Wesson's back in suspension. So they could give the Massive 12 Champ Iowa an issue. But this primarily tells you about another potential Cinderellas space in this space: Seton Hall received a really robust first-round matchup with Wofford; no different low seed is on this world. This leaves the Buckeyes group who did their greatest to get out of the event, nevertheless it has some surprising potential.
] Johnson is as deadly as a workforce that does not increase a ton of photographs. After an injured campaign, where he hardly made more than a 3rd of his look outdoors the arch, the graduate can retain 46.5 % of the prime 25 corporations.
Johnson has been a profitable North-Caribbean-possession-is-a-transition alternative this season. He has flourished into one in every of ACC's prime printers, ranked 85th and 100th in the transition, off-screen, and spot-stunning.
Johnson has raised his recreation at a convention with an ACC offensive score (132.5) and an actual capturing fee (64.6). Abruptly, a participant who was not thought-about a guaranteed skilled will now purchase a second spherical.
Take a look at the newest Madness forecasts for March.


Take the time to watch this. You will not be disappointed.
I didn't know that Team Four Star was doing an abridged series of Hellsing Ultimate. Sweet.
That was absolutely ****ing hilarious, I laughed so hard I think I cracked a rib.
That was actually hilarious. Especially when the Catholic whatever dude was spitting out lines from Boondock Saints, and the Vampire, lines from 4chan. That was just too funny.
Ok, here's a joke for winter: When Bill Clinton was in office as presidant the secret service would find every morning in winter someone whizzed next to the white house steps. So one day Clinton tells the secret service to find out who was whizzing next to the white house steps. So about a week later the secret service came up to Clinton and said "Uh....sir we have some good news and some bad news what do you want to here first?" Clinton repiles, "good news first." So the secret service guys says "well the good news is that the urine is Al Gores, But the hand writing is Hilary's."


text:
The Maldives Inland Revenue Authority (MIRA) is a fully autonomous body responsible for tax administration in the Maldives. MIRA collected 78.1% of the total revenue collected by the government of Maldives in 2018.  The main responsibilities of MIRA include execution of tax laws, implementation of tax policies and providing technical advice to the government in determining tax policies. The Tax Administration Act stipulates the other responsibilities of MIRA.

History

MIRA was established on August 2, 2010, as a separate and independent legal entity. Following the establishment of MIRA, a modern tax system was introduced to the Maldives via the Tourism Goods and Services Tax Act in January 2011 and the Business Profit Tax Act in July 2011. The Tourism Goods and Services Tax Act was replaced by the Goods and Services Tax Act in October 2011.

Laws & Regulations Administered

MIRA administers a number of laws and regulations. In addition to the administration of tax laws, MIRA also collects a number of fees and levies.

Income Tax Act

Income Tax is levied under the Income Tax Act (Law Number 25/2019). The act was published in the Government Gazette on 17 December 2019 and taxation under the act is set to commence on 1 January 2020. However, remuneration will come within the purview of income effective 1 April 2020. The Business Profit Tax regime imposed under the Business Profit Tax Act would be repealed with the commencement of Income Tax.

Tax residents of Maldives are taxed on their worldwide income, whereas non-residents are taxed on the income derived from Maldives. The Income Tax Act covers income received through conducting business, employment income, and banking.

Tourism Goods & Services Tax Act
The Tourism Goods and Services Tax (T-GST) Act came into effect on January 1, 2011. Under the Act, T-GST is charged on the value of goods and services supplied by tourist resorts, tourist hotels, guest houses, picnic islands and tourist vessels, and on certain other services supplied by places providing services to tourists in the Maldives. The tax rate under the Act was 3.5%. The T-GST Act was abolished following the commencement of the Goods and Services Tax Act.

Goods & Services Tax Act
In October 2011, the T-GST regime was repealed and replaced by the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act. The GST Act came into effect on 2 October 2011, and expanded the tax to all sectors of the economy. The Act imposed a GST at the rate of 3.5% from 2 October 2011 to 31 December 2011 and 6% from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012. The GST rate on "tourism goods and services" increased to 8% on 1 January 2013 and to 12% on 1 November 2014. The GST rate on "general" goods and services remain at 6% from 1 January 2012.

Business Profit Tax Act
The Business Profit Tax (BPT) Act  came into effect on 18 July 2011. Under the Act, tax is imposed at the rate of 15% on profits exceeding MVR 500,000 (approx. USD 32,425) in a tax year. A lower rate of 5% is applicable to companies resident in the Maldives generating all of their income from outside the Maldives. Further, if any payment specified in Section 6 of the Act is made by a business to a non-resident, a withholding tax at the rate of 10% is imposed on the gross amount of such payment.

Green Tax
Green tax is a tax payable by tourists who stay in tourist resorts, tourist hotels and tourist vessels. It is also payable by tourists who stay in tourist guesthouses from 1 October 2016 onwards. Green tax is payable at the rate of 6 United States Dollars per day of stay from tourist resorts, tourist hotels and tourist vessels, and 3 United States Dollars per day of stay from tourist guesthouses. Maldivians and resident permit holders are not required to pay Green Tax.

Bank Profit Tax Act
Banks operating in the Maldives are required to pay 25% of taxable profit as Bank Profit Tax. Banks are exempt from paying Business Profit Tax. The Business Profit Tax Act was repealed with the commencement of the Income Tax on 1 January 2020.

Airport Taxes and Fees Act
This Act prescribes all matters relating to the levying of Airport Service Charge as a tax and Airport Development Fee as a fee, on passengers departing from the Maldives from an airport in the Maldives. Airport Service Charge (ASC) is levied on passengers departing from the Maldives from an airport in the Maldives, at a rate of US$25 per foreign passenger and US$12 per Maldivian passenger. Persons with diplomatic immunity, transit passengers and children under the age of 2 are exempt from ASC. Airport Development Fee (ADF), in addition to ASC, will be levied on passengers departing from Velana International Airport on or after 1 May 2017, at a rate of US$25 per foreign passenger and US$12 per Maldivian passenger. Only passengers with diplomatic immunity are exempted from ADF.

Organization
The Commissioner General of Taxation and the Deputy Commissioner General of Taxation of the MIRA is appointed by the President with the approval of the People's Majlis.

Commissioner General of Taxation
The Commissioner General of Taxation shall carry out the functions of the Commissioner General of Taxation as prescribed in the Tax Administration Act and in any other tax law, and oversee the day-to-day administration of the MIRA. On 2 August 2019, Mr. Yazeed Mohamed was appointed as the first Commissioner General of Taxation. The current Commissioner General of Taxation is Mr. Fathuhulla Jameel, and was appointed on 31 October 2019.

Deputy Commissioner General of Taxation
The functions of the Deputy Commissioner General of Taxation shall include discharging the duties of the Commissioner General of Taxation in the event that the Commissioner General is unable to attend to the work of the MIRA, and carrying out any other work determined by the Commissioner General. Mr. Hassan Zareer was appointed as the first Deputy Commissioner General of Taxation on 2 August 2019. The current Deputy Commissioner General of Taxation, Ms. Asma Shafeeu, was appointed on 31 October 2019.

Governance structure
Members of the Board of Directors of MIRA consists of 7 members including a member appointed by the Ministry of Finance and Treasury, the Commissioner General of Taxation and five members appointed by the President with the approval of the People's Majlis. The chairperson of the Board is the member appointed by the Ministry of Finance and Treasury. The Board is responsible for determining the administrative policies of the MIRA.

Members currently serving on the Board are:
 Mr. Ahmed Saruvash Adam (Chairperson)
 Ms. Leena Mohamed Zahir Hussain (deputy chairperson)
 Mr. Fathuhulla Jameel (Commissioner General of Taxation)
 Ms. Aishath Asha Ali Hassan (Board Director)
 Mr. Makhzoom Saleem (Board Director)
 Mr. Mumthaz Abdul Rasheed (Board Director)
 Mr. Husham Waheed (Board Director)

Performance

In 2011, MIRA collected MVR 4.6 billion in revenue, which is 89% higher than the collection in 2010 (by the former Department of Inland Revenue and MIRA) – the newly introduced taxes explain the increase. In 2012, MIRA collected MVR 7.2 billion (approx. USD 466.9 million), which is an increase of 57% compared to 2011. In 2013, MIRA collected MVR 8.9 billion (approx. USD 580.1 million), which is an increase of 24% compared to 2012. In 2014 MIRA collected MVR 11.5 billion and in 2015 MIRA collected MVR 13.05 billion. In 2016, MIRA collected MVR 14.52 billion which represents an increment of 11.3% compared to the previous year. MIRA collected MVR 15.18 billion in 2017, which is an increment of 4.5% compared to the revenue collected in 2016. In 2018, MIRA collected MVR 16.36 billion which represents an increment of 7% compared to the previous year.

Table 1 –Total revenue collection from 2010 to 2018 (in MVR billion)

References

External links
 Official website:
 Ministry of Finance and Treasury

Government of the Maldives
Government ministries of the Maldives
Ministries established in 2010
2010 establishments in Asia


text:
Web Radio Users Deeply, Broadly Engaged
Analytics, Automated & MarTech | Brand Metrics | Creative & Formats | Data-driven | Media & Entertainment | Mobile Phone | Promotions, Coupons & Co-op | Radio | Retail & E-Commerce | Social Media | Technology | Telecom
Internet radio users are deeply and broadly engaged, according to an April 2011 white paper from TargetSpot and Parks Associates. Data from "Digital Audio Usage Trends: A Highly Engaged Listenership" indicates 61% of US internet radio users listen to different stations depending on their mood.
Almost Half Listen to Web Radio from around US
In addition, 48% of internet radio users listen to internet radio from around the US depending on the type of content, and 46% often look at the media player to see the name of a new song or artist. Other popular ways users engage with internet radio include always trying new stations (34%) and using different websites (29%).
More than Half Recall Ads
Slightly more than half (52%) of internet radio users will recall an ad, and 40% will respond to one. Popular responses include visiting a company site (17%), searching online for product info (15%), clicking on an ad (13%), and becoming a social networking fan (10%).
Web Radio Users Have Influence
Internet radio users often have influence on others around them. About two-thirds (64%) will tell family, friends or coworkers about new products or services they are happy with, and 51% say friends, family or coworkers ask them for advice on the latest technology.
Other ways internet radio users frequently influence others include providing recommendations on restaurants and travel (46%) and forwarding emails and online articles and videos (45%).
59% of internet radio users listen to internet radio one to seven hours a week, 41% listen for eight hours or more.
84% of internet radio users listen for one to three hours a week on a smartphone.
Tablet computers have the highest percentage (25%) of internet radio users listening for four or more hours a week.
Internet Radio Users More Engaged in Broadcast Radio
Internet radio users show higher engagement rates in broadcast radio, as well, according to other April 2011 data from TargetSpot and Parks Associates. The largest difference is in rates of listening to broadcast radio eight to14 hours per week, which accounts for 28% of internet radio users but only 18% of non-users.
Internet radio users also hold a slight edge in listening to broadcast radio 15 hours or more per week (17% compared to 16%). Non-users are much more likely to listen to broadcast radio one to seven hours per week (67% compared to 55%).
About the Data: The study was fielded December 22-30, 2010. The sample population included 1,000 US online adults (18-plus) who listen to internet radio at least once a month to daily.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Map of The Basque Country.
1. The Basque Country straddles in two different countries – northwest Spain and southwest France. Though called a country, it's not an independent territory. The inhabitants are an entirely different ethnic group and are thought to be the oldest ethnic group in Europe. There are approximately 3 million inhabitants in an area which covers roughly 2,700 square miles. By comparison, Colorado is just over 104,000 miles with a population of just over 5.6 million.
2. Euskera is the name of the Basque language and it is Europe's oldest living language. Despite the land being part of Spain and France, the language is unrelated to not only to Spanish and French, but to any Romance language. In fact, it belongs to no other known language family. As late as the end of the nineteenth century (1800s) it had no written literary tradition.
3. In rural communities, a special relationship developed between families and their neighbors. People often lived in individual farms in relative isolation and they referred to their nearest neighbor as lehen auzo or "first neighbor." These people were often called upon to be best man or maid of honor at weddings and were the first to be informed of serious illness or impending death – even before the person's family. The lehen auzo would also take over running their neighbor's farm temporarily in an emergency.
4. Typical rural living quarters are large stone farm houses called baserriak and they are often as high as three stories. The animals are kept on the ground floor, the family on the second, and on the third they store hay and other crops. Urban dwellers live in apartment buildings like in many other cities around the world.
5. Most of the Basque cuisine involves seafood and include specialties such as bouillabaisse (fish stew) and fresh tuna with garlic, tomatoes, and spices. Red peppers are dietary staple and can be found in many recipes and are even strung across the walls of Basque houses as decoration.
6. Roughly 20 percent of the Basque population works in agriculture. Each family raises its own crops and livestock, but certain resources including pasture land and fuel wood are held in common by each village. Fishing is also a common industry in communities on the water. The Spanish region is known as the capital of iron and steel and manufactures automobiles and machine tools.
7. Woodcarving and stone engraving are traditional Basque decorative arts. They are practiced primarily on decorative door frames and tombstones. They also have a tradition of oral storytelling, which was one of their main forms of entertainment before TV came along.
Basque flag. Photo by Joanes Andueza.
8. Many Basque people settled in the United States during the silver rush – becoming miners in the western states of Idaho and Oregon while in search of wealth. The ones who didn't strike it rich became shepherds or ran boarding houses for shepherds. Today there are large populations of Basque-Americans in those states as well as Nevada and California. The largest concentration of these peoples can be found in Boise, Idaho, which is home to the Basque Museum and Cultural Center.
9.. Pelota is the Basque national sport. It's like a cross between handball and squash and is a very fast-paced game. It was traditionally played on outdoor courts but today is played indoors as well. Additionally, they have rural sports such as log-chopping and stone-lifting which are often seen in competitions during festivals and holidays.
10. One of artist Pablo Picasso's most famous pieces is a mural titled Guernica, which he painted in response to a bombing of the area in Basque country know by that name. The painting is over eleven feet tall and more than twenty-five feet wide and depicts the suffering of people and animals effected by the bombing of that town by Nazi Germany and Italian warplanes.


The Board of Directors of the Noble Minds Institute for Whole Child Learning will meet on 9/19 at 9:00am to review the 2018-19 annual budget and again on 9/26 at 9:00am to approve the budget. Both locations are at 1333 S. Carrollton Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118.
The annual budget is currently available for review (as of 9/6/18) at 1333 S. Carrollton Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118 or by contacting kbarker@nobleminds.org.


What is Music Without Instruments?
A+ and all of its branches are dedicated to providing young adults with the opportunity to perform in some of the marching arts' biggest arenas. Each year more and more musicians are a part of our performing ensembles. The last thing we want is for someone to miss the chance to be a part of our groups due to a lack of equipment. Here is your chance to Support these performers as they march on to success!
Be the first to Donate to RAIDERS DRUM AND BUGLE CORPS OF HUDSON COUNTY INC and What is Music Without Instruments?.


Go ahead. Laugh at Oscar, the $54,000 stud llama.
Chuckle at his gangly, disproportionate build. Chortle at his awkward gait. Giggle at his long, thin nose separating his big, big dark oval eyes.
Just remember that an afternoon in the meadow with Oscar will cost a llama breeder between $1,500 and $2,000. In the fast-growing world of investment llama-ing, Oscar's time is important. But, remember too, that he's not just a gigolo.
Oscar comes from fine stock, say his new owners, Art and Carrie Kressly and Del and Mary Muse, of Lynnport and Perkasie, respectively, who bought Oscar at a Nebraska animal auction recently. The price was the most anyone has paid this year for a llama in the United States.
The Kresslys, who own Tamarack Farms, one of Pennsylvania's few llama breeding farms, say Oscar is the product of a famous Canadian line and the direct descendent of Dagwood Bumstead, a llama well-known among breeders.
Dagwood, who is 10 years old, sold for $45,000 at the same auction that claimed his 2-year-old son, Oscar.
Chances are that Oscar, who is still in Nebraska, has no idea what his future occupation will be all about. Chances are, he won't even think about a female llama for a couple of more months.
This will give his co-owners a chance to think about what exactly they would like their high-priced llama stud to be doing for the next 20 years, the high end of an average life expectancy estimate for a healthy llama.
One strategy is to keep Oscar in Nebraska, where he will be geographically closer to other potential mates. In the United States, most domestic llamas make their homes west of the Mississippi River, where they are often used as pack animals or as guardians of sheep herds, given llama's natural aggression toward dogs and coyotes.
Bringing him to Pennsylvania will require special handling roughly equal to Oscar's price tag. Direct sunlight, normally no real problem for llamas, would tend to fade Oscar's highly-prized dark brown fur.
The special facility that will house Oscar during the day will also have to have fans to cool the air and special sand covering the floor. Llamas, as a rule, enjoy to roll in the dirt. Having the special sand as a floor will also help preserve the coat by making it easier to brush clean, Kressly says.
Oscar's price tag, and his necessary special treatment, are just one measure of the increasing popularity of llamas.
"Looking back, I wish I had quadrupled my herd, two, three years ago," Art Kressly says. "I don't see a rapid decrease in price. There's a lot of interest out there."
Kressly, whose herd numbers about 30, says people are buying llamas for many reasons, mainly for their novelty value and as an investment. The official Tamarack Farms bumper sticker, for example, reads, "Take A Llama To Lunch," a reference to the tax advantages the llamas can offer.
There was a time when people bought llamas and sheared their wool every two years. While the wool still sells for over $30 a pound - by comparison, sheep wool sells for between $2 and $6 a pound - the skyrocketing cost of llamas has made shearing them less profitable.
"The price has got to the point where the only way to make money is to sell breeding stock," according to Art Kressly, an occasional judge at an increasing number of llama shows across the country. "The wool is aesthetically worth more on the animal than off."
The Muses got their first llama about seven years ago during a surplus animal auction at the Trexler Game Preserve.
For the Muses, investment llama-ing came about as a result of a compromise between raising beef cattle and raising horses. The Muses were attracted by the llama's easy-going manner and relative ease of care. They now own 10 llamas.
"You can pretty much put as little or as much time into training a llama as you choose to," Art Kressly says. "You can do virtually nothing or spend your whole life with the animal or animals. Anything in between. It's a nice, versatile animal in that way. It doesn't have to be a large commitment of time if you don't want it to be. that makes it very appealing to people."
Llamas are also very resistant to the weather, having their genetic roots in the high-altitude climates of the Andes Mountains in South America. For most of the year, a simple shelter much like an open-ended garage suits llamas just fine.
Their pleasant disposition also wins them admirers. Llamas do spit, but only when threatened or when they perceive a threat. Some llamas in petting zoos who have been abused by children will instinctly spit at all children, Muse says, but the animals are generally docile and very friendly.
Thinking back on the first llama born on his farm, Kressly said, "When that little baby hit the ground, I thought it was the cutest thing in the world. I figured if I was foolish enough to buy one, somebody else would be. That's been pretty true.


General research interests: I use microfossils (especially calcareous nannofossils), sediments, and geochemical proxies to address paleoceanographic/paleoclimatic and biostratigraphic questions covering a wide span of geologic time.
Currently my main interest is Paleogene hyperthermals (including the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum and early Eocene) as an analogue for future warming.
Past projects include looking at changing surface circulation as the central Atlantic opened during the mid-Cretaceous, as well as recovery of the calcareous nannoplankton following the K/Pg boundary mass extinction.
Other recent projects include using nannofossil, sedimentological and geochemical data to assess millennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic in the late Pleistocene, as well as completing calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy for Pleistocene and Miocene sediments on the New Jersey shallow shelf as part of a larger project to assess changes in eustatic sea level during those time periods.


The biggest effect of climate change in Canada is flooding — "too much water in the wrong places," says University of Waterloo Prof. Blair Feltmate, chair of a new federal government panel on adapting to climate change. And most cities aren't prepared.
The sky burst over Burlington in 2014, swamping the city with 185 millimetres of rain in eight hours. Thirty-five hundred homes flooded. There was more than five feet of water in Mayor Rick Goldring's basement.
Today, Burlington doesn't wait for residents to call 311 or apply for a sump pump subsidy. It sends inspectors to their homes to advise them to get their property assessed for flood risks.
A storm poured 126 mm of rain on Toronto in 2013. More than 4,700 homes flooded. Since then, the city has carved ponds and a wetland into five parks and created green spaces in boulevards, intersections and parking lots, all to absorb water or release it into sewers slowly.
Kitchener didn't have enough money for storm water infrastructure. So it started charging property owners based on the amount of impermeable surface on their property. If you have a humongous parking lot that sends runoff into sewers, you pay more. If you have green space to absorb water, you pay less. You can reduce the amount you pay by reducing runoff with rain barrels, rain gardens, permeable pavement and other measures.
The biggest effect of climate change in Canada is flooding — "too much water in the wrong places," says University of Waterloo Prof. Blair Feltmate, chair of a new federal government panel on adapting to climate change. And most cities aren't prepared.
Windsor spent a record $273 million on sewers between 2009 and 2016, more than double what it spent the previous eight years. It's mapping the city's sewers, identifying problems and developing a master plan to solve them. It offers free and subsidized measures for homeowners, from disconnecting downspouts from sewers to installing sump pumps.
Yet there have been more than 6,100 reports of flooded basements since the storm that dumped more than 200 mm of rain on the city last month.
A new eight-point plan will consider making it mandatory to disconnect downspouts, pay the entire cost of sump pumps and backflow valves, expedite sewer replacement along part of Riverside Drive and expedite the master plan, among other measures.
"We're doing absolutely everything we can," Mayor Drew Dilkens has said.
Windsor and Burlington both offer home inspections and subsidies. Here's the difference: Burlington offers a 50-point assessment covering not only sewer back-ups and overland flood risks but how to reduce moisture that causes mould and mildew, reducing damage to contents, managing water on your property, insurance, a helpline, follow-up with the inspector and maintenance reminders.
The biggest difference is that Burlington doesn't wait for residents to ask. It sends inspectors door to door introducing the program. They hope to reach 4,000 homes.
"All the programs in the world are no good if people are not taking advantage of them," said Goldring, whose city is spending $50,000 to subsidize the inspections and obtained $237,000 from the provincial government.
Of the 6,100 people in Windsor who reported flooded basements, "the vast, vast majority said they haven't taken advantage of the program," said city engineer Mark Winterton. Even after the city advertised it extensively and hired more inspectors.
An average of only four to seven per cent of people in Canada use these programs.
But about 30 per cent of residents in Burlington are getting inspections — even though they cost $125. A homeowner make many of the recommended changes in a weekend for several hundred dollars and reduce the chance of flooding from 80 per cent to 20 per cent, said Feltmate, whose Intact Centre for Climate Adaptation at the University of Waterloo is researching the impact of the program.
Five years ago, Windsor was one of the first cities its size to approve a climate change adaptation plan. It called for a green roof policy, enhanced green space, more trees, rain gardens, testing porous pavement and disconnecting downspouts, all to better handle water from intense storms.
Today, there are green roofs on several municipal buildings, including the new city hall, but no policy. A 15-square-metre rain garden is being tested at Ojibway Nature Centre. The city plants 2,000 more trees a year, though there's no tree-cutting bylaw. A new, infiltration trench will capture additional runoff from the expanded parking lot at South Windsor Recreation Complex. An infiltration trench and dry ponds have been added at several parks. There are storm water ponds in south and east Windsor. Disconnecting downspouts still isn't mandatory.
Solutions in other cities don't always work here. Water doesn't easily flow through Windsor's mostly hard, clay soil. Still, "we're very much in the early stages of this," admitted Winterton.
It won't replace sewers, he said. But our sewers, even new ones, can't handle these storms alone.
One of the main reasons basements flood is we've paved over our cities, leaving no place for the deluge to go. The cheapest way to help address that is protecting and enhancing remaining green space. Leaving natural wetlands in urban areas can reduce the cost of flooding more than 38 per cent, according to a University of Waterloo study.
Kitchener believes it's only fair that property owners pay for the amount of storm water they send into sewers.
The average homeowner's fee is only $12.50 a month and pays the entire cost of storm water management.
Kitchener and Waterloo were the first cities to do this, in 2010. It wasn't easy. People called it a "rain tax." Kitchener got 300 calls a day at first. Now, the city is considering offering grants to offset the cost of measures like permeable pavement for driveways.
And more cities are following. Mississauga is the latest.
Latest flooding map showing more than 6,000 homes with reported flooding.
Like most Canadian cities, Windsor's flood plain maps, showing where water from a big storm will go, are also decades out of date, done in the late 1970s and early 1980s and updated in 1991. The city — and weather — have changed.
But mapping a watershed like Turkey Creek can cost $1 million. Neither the Ontario government nor municipalities, which fund conservation authorities that conduct mapping, have provided enough money.
"Zero-based budgeting does not allow for these works to proceed," said Tim Byrne, the Essex Region Conservation Authority's watershed management director.
Feltmate believes cities should have not only a "chief resiliency officer" to lead adaptation to climate change but undergo external audits every five years to determine if measures are being established. Can smaller cities afford that?
"It could save you hundreds of millions of dollars," he said.
The cost of repeated flooding is far more than the $175 million to homes in Windsor this time. The impact on homeowners' mental health is "enormous," said Feltmate. Every time it rains, people get up in the middle of the night to check their basements. They're afraid to leave their homes during the day.
"They're scared to death water is going to come flowing up," he said.
This isn't just a problem for those whose basements flood. Cities across Canada have growing sectors of homes that are uninsurable for floods, said Feltmate. Almost half of Canadians have only one month of disposable income. Flooding causes an average of $42,000 in damage to a basement.
"It's reasonable to predict we're going to see a spike in mortgage defaults," he said.
He has joined with a large commercial bank to study mortgage defaults after floods in 20 cities in Canada. Windsor is one of those cities. Because some homeowners can't get flood insurance and the city has suffered two major floods in a year, "you're in the equation to see people potentially default on mortgages," he said.
In cities like these, there's potential for property values to fall and for the city to no longer be an attractive place to live or start a business.
Jarvis: "We do not have the luxury of time"


Wasn't terribly fond of a lot of the opening acts but Brotha Lynch always puts on a good show.
Sitting there drinking a beer and up walks Brotha Lynch Hung. Super cool guy and I'd seen him before. Always a good show.


Is it the CIA's turn?
Is it the CIA's turn?
While Mueller and the FBI have been in the hot seat, other key agencies that contributed to the US government screw-up on September 11–most notably, the CIA and the Pentagon–have not drawn much fire. The Agency failed to act on intelligence from the mid-90s indicating Osama bin Laden's network was interested in a 9/11-type plot. The Pentagon did not prepare for such an assault. But George Tenet and Donald Rumsfeld, and their respective bureaucracies, escaped crucifixion, let alone harsh words. There were no demands for reorganization or an examination of the bureaucratic culture at either CIA headquarters or the Pentagon.
Now comes the news the CIA engaged in its own boneheaded move. As first reported by Newsweek this week, the CIA, having spied on a meeting of al Qaeda operatives in Kuala Lumpur in January 2000, tracked one of these suspected terrorist to the United States and discovered another already possessed a multiple-entry visa allowing him to enter and leave the United States at will, and the agency did nothing with this information. The two men–Nawaf Alhazmi and Khalid Almihdhar–went about their business in the United States for months, opening bank accounts and obtaining driver's licenses in their own names, enrolling in aviation schools, before they walked on to Flight 77 on September 11 and presumably helped crash it into the Pentagon.
For about nineteen months, according to Newsweek, the CIA did not notify the FBI, the State Department or the Immigration and Naturalization Service about the pair. The two men were not added to the watch list used by the State Department and INS to screen visa applicants. Neither name was red-flagged until August 23, 2001–when the CIA did contact the other agencies about Almihdhar, who, by then, was already in the United States. (Almihdhar's visa had expired in late 2000, but the State Department, left clueless by the CIA, had okayed a new one for him.) The FBI only then began searching for the two men, not realizing it had but nineteen days to locate them.
Before the latest news broke, it was publicly known that Almidhdar had been at the terrorist summit in Malaysia. Apparently his attendance there was not sufficient to place him on the watch list. Yet the new report notes the CIA was aware Alhazmi had flown from the meeting to Los Angeles, and the CIA later learned Almihdhar had done the same. It also knew then that Almihdhar had frequently entered the United States–a factor that could have qualified him for placement on the watch list.
The United States, it seems, missed out on two possible actions that might have changed the course of events. Had the CIA told the FBI that two foreign nationals who had attended a terrorist convention had entered the United States, the bureau could have attempted to track the men and uncovered who-knows what. During their time in the United States, Alhazmi and Almihdhar had frequent contacts with at least five other 9/11 hijackers, two of whom had their 9/11 airline tickets purchased by alleged mastermind Mohamed Atta. Perhaps a close watch of the two would have led the bureau to suss out something was up. That is, if the bureau could have effectively handled such an investigation.
The other action the United States never had the opportunity to take was to deny Alhazmi and Almihdhar entry to the United States after they had participated in the terrorist get-together. Maybe bin Laden and Atta would have replaced them easily. Maybe not.
This latest revelation prompted an inevitable round of recriminations. "There's no question we could have tied all 19 hijackers together," an unnamed FBI official told Newsweek. The not-too-hidden message: we at the bureau are not the only ones who messed up. But a senior intelligence official huffed to the Post, "The notion that we were withholding information from the FBI is absurd." On ABC's This Week, Attorney General John Ashcroft said, "The information we now have does not indicate that there was a substantial likelihood of detecting this." Note his prudent, CYA use of the word "substantial." How about a "reasonable chance"? It would have been nice if the United States law enforcement, intelligence and security apparatus had had a fighting chance against the 19 mass-murderers of September 11. But Ashcroft was echoing the official line. In February, Tenet testified before Congress that the CIA had done no wrong and that 9/11 was not due to a "failure of attention, and discipline, and focus, and consistent effort." Except for Senator Richard Shelby, a Democrat-turned Republican from Alabama, few members of Congress have raised any 9/11-linked questions about the CIA and Tenet's leadership there.
Would Tenet now say the CIA deserves no criticism for mishandling the Alhazmi/Almihdhar leads? Will the congressional intelligence committees force him to explain this episode publicly? For years, the spies have received an easier ride on the Hill than their comrades-competitors in the bureau. Senator Charles Grassley, an Iowa Republican, has long had the FBI in his crosshairs. He's called for an investigation of senior FBI officials and has said "their heads should roll," if it turns out they failed to properly warn Mueller, who took over the bureau a week before 9/11. What of the CIA? Will there be a similar accounting of actions in Langley?
To date, the Bush White House has done nothing but embrace Tenet and has not encouraged a vigorous investigation of the intelligence community's pre-9/11 performance. Majority Leader Tom Daschle says that both President Bush and Vice President Cheney asked him to oppose any inquiry into pre-9/11 intelligence failures. The White House denies this and claims it supports the mostly-secret probe by the congressional intelligence committees. But even if that is true, there is no indication that after September 11, Bush was dismayed by the intelligence community's pre-9/11 record and ordered an examination of its failings. He's the President, he doesn't have to wait for or rely upon Congress. He could have instructed the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, the Intelligence Oversight Board or the CIA's own inspector general to assess what had happened. As far as we know, he took a pass and decided to concentrate on the war at hand. In his view, it didn't matter whether–and how–the $30-billion-a-year intelligence community had botched its primary mission, not even as billions in extra dollars were being appropriated for the CIA and other agencies.
As a dazed and confused FBI attracted flak for months, the senior managers at CIA headquarters–officially dubbed the George Bush Center for Intelligence in 1999–skated by. Now they have hit a rough patch. Let's see how much political protection comes from naming a building for the president's father.


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Biotechnology Program Description Admission Requirements - MSc Degree Requirements - MSc Admission Requirements - PhD Degree Requirements - PhD Students approved to transfer from the MSc program: Students with a completed MSc: All PhD Students Research Fields Chemical Biotechnology Gene Biotechnology Course Descriptions
Master of Science in Biotechnology Doctor of Philosophy in Biotechnology Fields of Specialization Chemical Biotechnology Gene Biotechnology Acting Dean Alan Castle Faculty of Mathematics and Science Acting Associate Dean Michael Bidochka Faculty of Mathematics and Science Core Faculty Professors Jeffrey Atkinson (Chemistry), Michael J. Bidochka (Biological Sciences), Douglas Bruce (Biological Sciences), Alan J. Castle (Biological Sciences), Vincenzo De Luca (Biological Sciences), Tomas Hudlicky (Chemistry) Associate Professors Charles Després (Biological Sciences), Travis Dudding (Chemistry), Heather Gordon (Chemistry), Deborah Inglis (Biological Sciences), Hongbin (Tony) Yan (Chemistry), Ping Liang (Biological Sciences), Costa Metallinos (Chemistry) Assistant Professor Feng Li (Chemistry) Participating Graduate Faculty Professors Robert L. Carlone (Biological Sciences), Fiona F. Hunter (Biological Sciences), A. Joffre Mercier (Biological Sciences), Andrew G. Reynolds (Biological Sciences), Art van der Est (Chemistry) Instructor Paul Zelisko (Chemistry) Graduate Program Director Heather Gordon hgordon@brocku.ca Graduate Studies Administrative Assistant Beulah Alexander 905-688-5550, extension 3115 Mackenzie Chown E206 balexander@brocku.ca
The graduate programs offered by the Centre for Biotechnology encompass the broad fields of chemical and gene biotechnology. These fields are interdisciplinary in nature and collaboration between participating faculty and departments is encouraged. Chemical Biotechnology involves the use of the tools and techniques of chemistry to understand and manipulate biological processes. Gene biotechnology involves the use of DNA technology, bioinformatics and microbiological techniques to study biological phenomena. Graduates of these programs work in such areas as pharmaceuticals and related human health activities, food science and nutritional biochemistry, environment, energy, as well as biotechnological related issues of finance and policy.
Admission Requirements - MSc
Successful completion of an Honours Bachelor's degree, or equivalent, normally with an average of not less than 78%, or the equivalent grade point average in major courses in an undergraduate program in biotechnology, chemistry or the biological sciences (composed of but not limited to biochemistry, biology, genetics, or microbiology). Agreement from a faculty advisor to supervise the student is also required for admission to the program. The Graduate Admissions Committee will review all applications and recommend admission for a limited number of suitable candidates. Individuals interested in part-time study should consult with the Graduate Program Director.
Degree Requirements - MSc
The program is designed to provide a broad background in the cognate basic disciplines of biotechnology (chemistry and biology). Students with undergraduate degrees in chemistry or the biological sciences will be exposed to the breadth of biotechnology through mandatory participation in the seminar program, and will have the opportunity to focus on selected areas of biotechnology in other graduate courses. Each student will be assigned a supervisory committee composed of three members from at least two of the departments participating in the program. The student will meet with the committee at the start of their program, and on a regular basis, at minimum intervals of six months, for the duration of their program of study. Each meeting will involve the presentation by the student of a report on research objectives and progress, and discussion with the committee on the realization of these goals. In addition, each student will present one research level public seminar during their tenure in the program. Additional credits may be required of candidates with insufficient preparation in their areas of research specialization, at the discretion of the supervisory committee. As part of BTEC 5F90, every MSc candidate must prepare and defend a thesis which demonstrates a capacity for independent work of acceptable scientific calibre. Students are required to complete BTEC 5F90 and BTEC 5P95. Three additional half-credits are required, two of which must be numbered 5(alpha)00 or higher and one of which may be numbered 4(alpha)00 or higher. Normally, only one of these three additional half-credit courses may be taken from among 5(alpha)00 or 4(alpha)00 level courses offered by the Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry or Physics, which are not cross-listed with the Biotechnology program.
Admission Requirements - PhD
Successful completion of an appropriate Master's degree in Biotechnology, Biophysics, Chemistry or the Biological Sciences (composed of but not limited to Biochemistry, Biology, Genetics or Microbiology). Alternatively, students who have successfully completed a minimum of one year in the Brock MSc Biotechnology program may apply to be transferred to the PhD program. In this event, registration in BTEC 5F90 will continue as registration in BTEC 7F99. In addition, students with exceptional research potential and unquestionably superior academic standing who hold an Honours BSc or equivalent may be admitted into the PhD program. Research potential is gauged by (i) strong undergraduate research experiences, (ii) publications, (iii) graduate scholarships, (iv) examples of the applicants scientific writing. Students transferring from the MSc to the PhD will normally be expected to have attained an 80% average, have completed their first seminar in BTEC 5P95, and have achieved significant research progress as determined by their supervisory committee. Students entering the PhD program already possessing an MSc will have demonstrated research potential and will normally be expected to have attained an 80% average in their Master's coursework. The Graduate Admissions Committee will review all applications and recommend admission for a limited number of suitable candidates. Part-time study is not available.
Degree Requirements - PhD
Each student will be assigned a supervisory committee composed of three members from at least two of the departments participating in the program. The student will meet with the committee at the start of their program, and on a regular basis, at minimum intervals of six months, for the duration of their program of study. Each meeting will involve the presentation by the student of a report on research objectives and progress, and discussion with the committee on the realization of these goals. In addition, each student will present two research level public seminars during their tenure in the program.
Students approved to transfer from the MSc program:
PhD students are required to complete BTEC 7F99 and BTEC 7P96. Four additional half-credits are required, three of which must be numbered 5(alpha)00 or higher and one of which may be numbered 4(alpha)00 or higher. One of these four half-credit courses should be taken from an instructor whose home department is not the one in which the student's research work is located. Normally, only one of these four half-credit courses may be taken from among 5(alpha)00 or 4(alpha)00 level courses offered by the Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry or Physics, which are not cross-listed with the Biotechnology program.
Students with a completed MSc:
PhD students are required to complete BTEC 7F99 and BTEC 7P96. Three additional half-credits are required, two of which must be numbered 5(alpha)00 or higher and one of which may be numbered 4(alpha)00 or higher. One of these three half-credit courses should be taken from an instructor whose home department is not the one in which the student's research work is located. Normally, only one of these three half-credit courses may be taken from among 5(alpha)00 or 4(alpha)00 level courses offered by the Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry or Physics, that are not cross-listed with the Biotechnology program.
All PhD Students
Continued enrolment in the PhD program requires the successful completion of the candidacy examination, which should take place normally by the end of the second year of enrolment in the PhD program (or by the end of the third year of enrolment in the graduate program for students who have transferred from the MSc program after one year). The student will prepare and present a research proposal, not directly related to their thesis, on a topic approved by their supervisory committee. The proposal will follow the style for NSERC Discovery Grant applications. The work described should have a reasonable chance of progress over a three year period. The candidacy examining committee will be composed of the student's supervisor, two members of the supervisory committee, and one member from one of the departments involved in the program.
The following research fields are currently represented:
Chemical Biotechnology
Chemical Biotechnology involves the use of the tools and techniques of chemistry to understand and manipulate biological processes. The emphasis in the description of a new field such as Chemical Biotechnology, and its distinction from the existing discipline of biochemistry, lies in the utilization of the core skills and knowledge of chemistry (from synthetic, analytical and physical approaches) to address phenomena of biological interest. The chemical biotechnologist has the capability to choose a biological problem, the chemical skills to tackle it, and an appreciation that chemistry impacts upon the biology as biology directs the chemistry in an interactive manner. This would, for example, describe an organic chemist who chooses a target molecule for synthesis because it represents a novel structure for a biologically important goal such as enzyme inhibition or receptor binding. The research is then guided by an iterative procedure of bioassay and structure activity relationships, efforts that require knowledge of the biological systems involved, including metabolism, enzyme/protein structure and function, in addition to cellular and molecular biology. Research areas in the Chemical Biotechnology field include: Molecular design, synthesis and fermentation technology Theoretical, computational, synthetic and applied approaches to the design and biosynthesis of molecules used to investigate and/or modify biological systems.
1. biocatalysis: the use of whole cells and/or enzymes to effect chemical transformations. Small molecule catalysis: the design of small molecule chiral catalysts with enzyme like activities, synthetic enzymes.
2. design of key molecules/intermediates for the manipulation of biosynthesis, metabolism or signal transduction. This would include pharmacophore discovery, drug design and delivery, investigation into molecular modes of action.
Structure and dynamics of macromolecules Physical and theoretical approaches to understanding structure and function of macromolecules with biotechnological applications.
1. structural characterization by mass spectrometry, NMR, EPR, specialized RAMAN, IR and optical spectroscopic techniques.
2. spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of macromolecular dynamics. Steady state and time resolved NMR, EPR, and optical absorption and emission spectroscopy. Focus on protein and lipid dynamics, protein and lipid interactions, protein conformational changes associated with enzymatic activity, active site dynamics, redox active enzymes and mechanisms of electron transport. Photoactive enzymes and mechanisms of photochemistry. Computer-based molecular modeling techniques applied to biological molecules.
Gene Biotechnology
Gene biotechnology involves the use of DNA technology, bioinformatics and microbiological techniques to study biological phenomena. Molecular biologists, biochemists, chemists and microbiologists increasingly employ such tools to understand the basic concepts in molecular biology. The power of gene biotechnology lies in the ability of a researcher to isolate, manipulate, study, modify and reintroduce genes into organisms. Such modification is deliberate and can answer specific questions that were impossible to address only a few years ago. Research Areas in the Gene Biotechnology field include: Regulation of gene expression The characterization and manipulation of genes and factors that influence gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Genetic Engineering Isolation, analysis, modification and re-introduction of genes into organisms with emphasis on gene expression, protein modification, and protein secretion. Facilities The Centre for Biotechnology uses research laboratories in the Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, and the Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (Inniskillin Hall). The major equipment holdings include: In Biological Sciences Greenhouse, cold rooms, incubators, centrifuges, radiation facilities and all routine equipment necessary for biochemical research and gene manipulation. In Chemistry Three high field NMR spectrometers with solid probe facility, electron spin resonance, mass spectrometers with EI, FAB, electrospray, APCI, and CI ionization and GC and LC inlets, ICP analysis equipment, routine UV, IR, GC, HPLC facilities, incubator and sterile environment facilities. In Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute Cold rooms, centrifuges, standard molecular biology equipment for purification, analysis and use of proteins and nucleic acids; and fermentation equipment up to the pilot plant level. All Brock students are entitled to computer accounts at no charge. These provide for internet and E-mail access, storage space on a central Unix server, and access to the Library, its catalogue and various on-line library services and databases. Students also have access to all campus wide PC and Mac labs, and the software installed on their servers, including word processing, spread sheets, data base, graphics, statistics etc. In addition to the central resources, there are typically one or more networked PCs or Macs in each research lab and in the central instrumentation service labs. Local and networked printers are available. Most major instrumentation is also networked, permitting the movement of experimental data from lab to office. Students may also access a dedicated computer lab that provides powerful molecular modelling/semi-empirical/ab-initio software and other important scientific software.
Note that not all courses are offered in every session. Refer to the applicable timetable for details. Students must check to ensure that prerequisites are met. Students may be deregistered, at the request of the instructor, from any course for which prerequisites and/or restrictions have not been met. BTEC 5F90 MSc Thesis The preparation and public defence of a thesis which will demonstrate the candidate's capacity for independent study. #BTEC 5P06 Bioinformatics (also offered as BIOL 5P06) Genome sequencing projects. Gene discovery. Analysis of gene expression. Analysis of DNA/RNA/protein sequence data, including mutagenic processes, molecular evolution and systematics, codon usage, reconstruction of ancient molecules, and prediction of higher level molecular structure. Note: course taught in conjunction with BIOL/BCHM/BTEC 4P06. #BTEC 5P10 Mechanisms in Plant Biochemistry (also offered as BIOL 5P10) Molecular and chemical control of plant disease processes and development. Focus on the detailed signaling mechanisms and outcomes of signal transduction to a plant phenotype. Emphasis on case studies that highlight the different phases of this process, including the identification of signals, signal perception, signal transduction and reaction to the signal transduction cascade to produce a phenotype. #BTEC 5P14 Computational Chemistry: Applications in Biotechnology (also offered as CHEM 5P14) Structure-based drug design; molecular modelling; conformational search techniques; secondary and tertiary protein structure prediction; quantitative structure activity relationships; bioinformatics. *BTEC 5P22 Special Topics in Chemical Biology (also offered as CHEM 5P22) Focuses on the chemical-biology of select biologically active compounds of current interest in the literature. The occurrence, biosynthesis and biological activity, including structure-activity relationships, will be studied. Strategies toward the chemical synthesis of these compounds will also be investigated. #BTEC 5P24 Natural Products Chemistry (also offered as CHEM 5P24) A study of structural features, synthesis and biosynthesis of natural products selected from the acetogenin, alkaloid, steroid and terpenoid group and other areas. #BTEC 5P25 Medicinal Chemistry (also offered as CHEM 5P25) Structure and activity of biologically active organic compounds; introduction to pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, and receptor theory as a background for a more detailed study of chemistry of drugs such as enzyme inhibitors and receptor antagonists; rational drug design, combinatorial libraries, screening and general routes of metabolism. #BTEC 5P27 Advanced Enzyme and Co-enzyme Mechanisms (also offered as CHEM 5P27) Hydrolytic and other processes catalyzed by enzymes lacking non-protein prosthetic groups; reactions involving the co-enzymes biotin, pyridoxal phosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate, folic acid and cobalamin; oxidation mechanisms involving pyridine nucleotides, flavoenzymes, hydroperoxidases and oxygenases. #BTEC 5P28 Bioorganic Chemistry: Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids (also offered as CHEM 5P28) Mono- and oligosaccharides; preparative carbohydrate chemistry; neoglycoconjugates; immunochemistry of carbohydrates; nucleosides and nucleotides; oligonucleotide synthesis; medicinal chemistry of oligonucleotides. #BTEC 5P38 Bioanalytical Chemistry (also offered as CHEM 5P38) Chemical and biochemical techniques used for separation, detection, and analysis of biomolecules and special topics in functional nucleic acids and nano medicine. #BTEC 5P57 Bacterial Genetics (also offered as BIOL 5P57) Molecular and transmission genetics of bacteria. Bacterial genetics from early description of transformation and transduction to current developments in molecular genetics. Note: offered in conjunction with BIOL/BTEC 4P57. #BTEC 5P58 Fungal Genetics (also offered as BIOL 5P58) An examination of the transmission and molecular genetics of fungi. Recent advances in gene manipulation and the contribution of studies on these organisms to general genetics principles. Note: offered in conjunction with BIOL/BTEC 4P58. #BTEC 5P67 Biophysical Techniques (also offered as BIOL 5P67 and CHEM 5P67) An advanced seminar/lecture course on experimental techniques in biophysics. The focus is on understanding the theory, applications and limitations of a variety of techniques students will encounter during their graduate studies. Techniques will range from advanced spectroscopy (absorption, fluorescence, NMR, X-ray diffraction) to molecular biochemistry spectroscopy. Note: course taught in conjunction with BCHM/BTEC/CHEM 4P67. BTEC 5P70 Containment Level 3 Techniques An advanced seminar/lecture/lab course on experimental techniques used in a CL3 laboratory. The focus is on understanding the theory, applications and limitations of a variety of techniques students will encounter during their graduate studies. Part of the course will involve a training module offered through the National Microbiology Laboratory or the Public Health Agency of Canada, as appropriate. #BTEC 5P86 Current Topics in Basic and Applied Plant Biology (also offered as BIOL 5P86) An investigation into a number of topics in plant biology. Topics will vary and may include plant disease, signal transduction, secondary metabolism, physiology and photosynthesis, biotechnological applications and oenology and viticulture. BTEC 5P95 Graduate Seminar I Presentation of one full-length (60 min) research seminar in a public forum and attending at least ten such student seminars (or other seminars designated as appropriate) during the two year duration of the student's Master of Science program. Credit in BTEC 5P95 can be converted to credit in BTEC 7P96 by the completion of the additional seminars and course requirements indicated for BTEC 7P96. BTEC 7F99 PhD Thesis Preparation, public defence, and examination of a thesis that demonstrates the candidate's ability for independent thought and study at the appropriate level. BTEC 7P96 Graduate Seminar II Presentation of two full-length (60 min) research seminars in a public forum and attending at least twenty such student seminars (or other seminars designated as appropriate) during the four year duration of the student's PhD program.