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January 9, 2023 by admin 0 Comments
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November 8, 2022 by admin 0 Comments
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Originally known as Saccarappa after Saccarappa Falls on the Presumpscot River, it was a part of Falmouth until February 14, 1814, when it was set off and incorporated as Stroudwater. It soon changed its name to Westbrook after Colonel Thomas Westbrook, a commander during Father Rale's War and King's mast agent who was an early settler and mill operator. In 1871, Saccarappa amicably split into two municipalities; the current Westbrook and Deering, which was then annexed by Portland in 1898. In 1891, Westbrook was incorporated as a city.
Saccarappa Falls and Congin Falls provided water power for early mills within the city. In 1829, a sawmill was built at the former which made the mill town noted for its lumber. Other industries followed, manufacturing grain bags, machinery and water wheels, carriage and harness, boots, shoes and moccasins, tinware, leather board, bricks, wooden boxes, box shook, meal and flour. The Portland Manufacturing Company built a cotton textile mill at Saccarappa Falls for making "sheetings, stripes and ducks." A paper mill was built at Cumberland Mills, once an Indian planting ground known as Ammoncongin. By 1859, it produced 1,000 tons of paper annually. In 1867, the factory's name would change to the S. D. Warren Paper Mill.
The Oxford & Cumberland Canal opened in 1832, connecting Portland to Harrison by way of Westbrook and Sebago Lake. It was the primary commercial shipping route for goods until 1871, when it was rendered obsolete by the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad. Remnants of the canal can still be seen throughout the city, including Beaver Pond, along Stroudwater Street near the Maine Turnpike overpass, and in the woods between Westbrook High School and Oxford & Cumberland Canal Elementary School.
Westbrook is located at 43°41′7″N 70°21′26″W / 43.68528°N 70.35722°W / 43.68528; -70.35722 (43.685348, −70.357116).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.33 square miles (44.88 km2), of which, 17.12 square miles (44.34 km2) is land and 0.21 square miles (0.54 km2) is water.
Westbrook is drained primarily by two rivers. The Presumpscot River flows through the center of the city, with two prominent falls (the aforementioned Saccarappa Falls and Congin Falls). The smaller Stroudwater River flows through the southwestern part of the city. The city also contains part of Highland Lake.
Westbrook is served by Interstate 95, U.S. Route 302 and State Routes 22 and 25. State Route 25 has a business route, Route 25 business. It is bordered by Portland to the east, South Portland and Scarborough to the south, Gorham and Windham to the west, and Falmouth to the north.
In January 2019, a naturally-occurring ice disk measuring about 100 yards across formed on the Presumpscot River. The unusual formation briefly drew international social media and press attention, and boosted tourism to Westbrook.
As of the census of 2010, there were 17,494 people, 7,568 households, and 4,456 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,021.8 inhabitants per square mile (394.5/km2). There were 7,989 housing units at an average density of 466.6 per square mile (180.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.3% White, 2.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.
There were 7,568 households of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.1% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.87.
The median age in the city was 39.4 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.1% were from 25 to 44; 26.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.
As of the census of 2000, there were 16,142 people, 6,863 households, and 4,261 families residing in the city. The population density was 956.9 people per square mile (369.4/km²). There were 7,089 housing units at an average density of 420.3 per square mile (162.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.69% White, 0.88% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.82% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.
There were 6,863 households out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.4% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $37,873, and the median income for a family was $47,120. Males had a median income of $32,412 versus $25,769 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,501. About 6.7% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
Now primarily a suburb of the larger city of Portland, Westbrook itself has a growing business base and developing core downtown district. IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., a multi-national corporation, is headquartered in Westbrook. In addition to the downtown area, many of the city's businesses are located within two industrial parks (the Col. Westbrook Industrial Park and Five Star Industrial Park), as well as in the area surrounding Maine Turnpike Exit 48.
The city is home to Sappi Ltd.'s Westbrook Paper Mill and R&D Center. The mill, formerly the S. D. Warren Paper Mill, was once the city's largest employer and taxpayer, employing over 3,000 people and representing over 50% of the city's tax base. However, foreign competition and the age of the mill have drastically reduced its workforce and production. Today the mill has found a niche in the marketplace, becoming one of the nation's top manufacturers of release papers and employing about 300 people. The Calpine-Westbrook Energy Center has since surpassed the mill as the city's largest taxpayer. Westbrook was also the home of the first Sebago-Moc shoe factory.
Westbrook is home to WMTW, southern Maine's ABC affiliate. The station has its studios off County Road.
The faith-based Mercy Hospital of Portland operates Mercy Westbrook, a small community hospital with a minor emergency room and inpatient treatment facilities. Spring Harbor Hospital, southern Maine's only private psychiatric treatment and recovery center, is also located within the city.
The Westbrook City Council consists of five district councilors and 2 at-large councilors. Michael Sanphy has been mayor of Westbrook since November 2016. Colleen Hilton was mayor of Westbrook from November 2009 – 2016.
Cornelia Warren Memorial Trail – along Presumpscot River between Ash St. and Cumberland St.
Westbrook is home to the 2002 Maine State Little League Champions, the 2005 Senior Babe Ruth State Champions (who advanced to the regionals in New Hampshire), the 2005 12 Year Old Little League New England Regional Champions, the 2006 13 Year Old Babe Ruth New England Champions, and the 2008 15 Year Old Babe Ruth World Championship runners-up.
Ginger Fraser, American football player and coach.
^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
^ a b Varney, George (1886). "Westbrook". A Gazetteer of the State of Maine. Boston, Massachusetts: B. B. Russell. p. 582. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
^ Barry, William David; Anderson, Patricia McGraw (2010). Susan L. Ransom (ed.). Deering: A Social and Architectural History. Margaret W. Soule. Portland, Maine: Greater Portland Landmarks. ISBN 978-0-939761-14-2.
^ Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts. p. 353.
^ Griffin, Julia (January 18, 2019). "Giant ice disk forms in Maine river, enthralling residents". PBS NewsHour. PBS. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
^ Writer, Dennis HoeyStaff (January 15, 2019). "Videos: Spinning in the Presumpscot, this alien-looking ice disk has Westbrook all abuzz". Press Herald. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
^ Bridgers, Leslie (September 7, 2011). "Idexx gets OK for $30 million building". Portland Press Herald. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
^ "150+ Years of Paper Making Excellence". Warrenreleasepapers.sappi.com. Sappi Ltd. 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
^ "Mercy Westbrook". Mercyhospital.org. Mercy Hospital. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
^ "Mayor's Office – Westbrook". Retrieved March 23, 2013.
^ "REGISTERED & ENROLLED VOTERS – STATEWIDE" (PDF). November 6, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.


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by Suresh Chandra
Sat, 20 Mar 21 Mon, 29 Mar 21
Key Learning
Human history has been shaped by three major revolutions: the Cognitive Revolution (70,000 years ago), the Agricultural Revolution (10,000 years ago), and the Scientific Revolution (500 years ago). These revolutions have empowered humans to do something no other form of life has done, which is to create and connect around ideas that do not physically exist (think religion, capitalism, and politics). These shared "myths" have enabled humans to take over the globe and have put humankind on the verge of overcoming the forces of natural selection.
The book is written in 4 parts that frame the progress of human civilization and explain how Sapiens evolved and progressed to master other life forms on earth including other humans.
The book is easy to read with colorful examples, analogies, and references from natural and social science to help illustrate the progress through the various revolutions and the past 70,000 years of human development.
The main insight in the book is the notion that Sapiens thrived and came to progress far better and faster than other animals as a function of their ability to cooperate flexibly and in large numbers. This ability has enabled key innovations and the hallmark of Sapiens vs. other animals in culture and societal learning and progress.
This key capability, evidenced through the cognitive revolution, was enabled by the fact that Sapiens have language and brain capabilities to communicate and collaborate around fictions or shared stories.
The author distinguishes between objective, subjective, and inter-subjective realities and phenomenon as a way to distinguish this level of cognitive capability and the key difference between Sapiens and other animals:
An objective phenomenon exists independently of human consciousness and human beliefs. … The subjective is something that exists depending on the consciousness and beliefs of a single individual. … The inter-subjective is something that exists within the communication network linking the subjective consciousness of many individuals. If a single individual changes his or her beliefs, or even dies, it is of little importance. However, if most individuals in the network die or change their beliefs, the inter-subjective phenomenon will mutate or disappear. … Many of history's most important drivers are inter-subjective: law, money, gods, nations.
The concept that we, as a society, can collaborate and pass on shared stories to enable complete strangers to work together for goals outside of the purpose our pure biological and evolutionary needs was extraordinarily impactful in the incredible accelerated progress of Sapiens and human civilization.
Regarding the future of humans, Harari raises the issue that historically humans have been limited by our biological nature and have only made biological progress through slow moving, natural evolution. He posits that we are at the precipice of being able to improve our biology — our hardware — through 1) biological engineering, 2) cyborg engineering (organic and non-organic) or 3) the engineering of inorganic life (e.g. super intelligence artificial intelligence). The Human Enhancement question and the possibility of the Singularity are daunting questions — amongst the biggest of our times — posing substantial ethical and societal implications. The big question is what will we do with this new found, god-like power?
Is there anything more dangerous than dissatisfied and irresponsible gods who don't know what they want?
This is my book summary of Sapiens by Yuval Noah Harari. My notes are informal and often contain quotes from the book as well as my own thoughts. This summary also includes key lessons and important passages from the book.
Human cultures began to take shape about 70,000 years ago.
There have been three major revolutions in human history: the cognitive revolution, the agricultural revolution, and the scientific revolution.
Prehistoric humans (2 million years old or so) were no more important and impressive than other mammals.
Homo Sapiens means "wise man."
Humans first evolved in Africa about 2.5 million years ago.
The author believes it is unlikely Homo sapiens will survive for another 1,000 years.
From about 2 million years ago until 10,000 years ago, multiple human species roamed the earth together. The depiction of man evolving from hunched over to upright incorrectly displays human evolution as a linear trajectory. In fact, the species lived simultaneously.
Humans have huge brains for their body size.
Human brains account for 2-3 percent of body size, but use 25 percent of energy.
Human kind was very much in the middle of the food chain until 400,000 years ago and didn't leap to the top of the food chain until 100,000 years ago.
Most animals at the top of the food chain made it there gradually over millions of years. Humans, however, jumped to the top relatively rapidly. This means that the rest of the food chain wasn't ready and neither were we. Hence we feel anxious and stressed because we aren't used to being at the top.
The advent of fire and cooking food may have opened the way for the evolution of a smaller intestinal track and a larger brain.
There are two theories of how Homo sapiens evolved: Interbreeding theory and Replacement theory. The reality is probably a combination of both theories.
Perhaps this is why Homo sapiens wiped out the Neanderthals: "They were too familiar to ignore, but too different to tolerate."
The last dwarf species of humans died out 12,000 years ago.
Homo sapiens conquered the world because of its unique language.
The Cognitive Revolution occurred between 70,000 to 30,000 years ago. It allowed Homo sapiens to communicate at a level never seen before in language.
As far as we know, only Homo sapiens can talk about things we have never seen, touched, or smelled. Think religions, myths, legends, and fantasies.
The telling of myths and stories allow Homo sapiens to collaborate in large numbers in extremely flexible ways. This separates us from all other animals.
Chimps can't form groups of more than 50 or so. For humans, the group size is usually 150 or so. Beyond that, you can't rely on gossip and personal communication. You need something more to get large numbers of people working together.
Large numbers of people can collaborate by sharing common myths and beliefs.
In academic circles, stories are known as fictions, social constructs, or imagined realities.
An imagined reality is not a lie because the entire group believes it.
Ever since the Cognitive Revolution, humans have been living in a dual reality: the physical reality and the imagined reality.
The way people cooperate can be changed by changing the stories as myths we tell.
Because Homo sapiens shared myths were not genetically based, they could adapt and change their behavior as soon as they adapted their new belief. They didn't have to wait millions of years for a genetic change.
Homo sapiens are the only animals that conduct trade.
As far as we know, the humans of 30,000 years ago had the same physical, emotional, and intellectual capabilities that we have today.
Evolutionary psychology claims that most of our psychology was developed during the period before the Agricultural Revolution about 10,000 years ago.
The instinct to gorge on high calorie food is wired into our DNA.
Ever since the Agricultural Revolution, there hasn't been one predominant way of life for all humans. There have only been options from a variety of cultures.
The dog was the first animal domesticated by humans around 15,000 years ago.
In ancient human groups (over 10,000 years ago) there was very little privacy, but also very little loneliness.
Most of our ancient ancestors had much wider and deeper knowledge of their physical surroundings than we do. They were not unintelligent at all.
The human collective today knows far more overall than the whole population of 15,000 years ago. However, at the individual level we are much more specialized today. Ancient foragers were the most knowledgable and skillful people in history.
It is far easier to pass "unremarkable" genes along today than it was 10,000 years ago.
Our lack of knowledge about prehistoric religions and beliefs is one of the biggest holes in our understanding of human history.
Humans traveling across the sea and landing in Australia was one of the most important expeditions in history. It marked the moment humans cemented themselves at the top of the food chain.
Homo sapiens first made it to America about 16,000 years ago.
The settling of America – across the Siberian peninsula through Alaska into Canada and the United States down through Mexico and Central America into the Andes and the Amazon and all the way to the tip of South America – was one of the most rapid and incredible invasions by a single species the world had ever seen.
Incredibly, the Agricultural Revolution sprang up independently in many different parts of the world.
There is no evidence modern humans have become more intelligent with time.
The Agricultural Revolution actually didn't make the life of the average human better at first. It did, however, allow humans to collect more food per unit area and thus the overall population multiplied exponentially.
Fascinatingly, the first few thousand years of the Agricultural Revolution actually made life harder for humans by creating more work, less leisure, and a ballooning population that created more mouths to feed. Each individual generation didn't see how their life was becoming worse because the small changes were so tiny.
One of history's few iron laws is that luxuries tend to become necessities and to spawn new obligations. Once people begin to enjoy new luxuries they tend to become expected and then count on them.
The evolutionary success of the Agricultural Revolution (greater population) was actually cause for much suffering on the individual level. Not just for humans, but for domesticated animals like cows, sheep, and chickens as well.
The advent of the Agricultural Revolution marked the time when worries of the future became prevalent: the weather, the crop yield this year, etc.
The myths that surround us and make up our lives dictate so much of what we believe and what we do.
Like the ancient Egyptians, most people dedicate their lives to building pyramids. It's just that the names, shapes, and sizes of the pyramids change from one culture to another.
In order to change the imagined order, you must first find a group that believes in a current imagined order. New myths must build upon or evolve from previous myths.
The main purpose of writing is to record numbers, which our brains did not evolve to manage well. Our brains are much better at remembering biological, zoological, and social information.
There is an ancient writing system used by the Incas known as a quipu. They are not written words at all, but a series of knots of different colors and strings that represent words and numbers.
Writing has actually changed the way humans think. We can use writing and record keeping to think far more categorically than ever before.
Numbers are the world's most prevalent language.
Social hierarchies, inequality, and so on are human inventions.
Most rich people are rich because they were born into rich families. Most poor people are poor because they were born into poor families.
Unjust discrimination often gets worse, not better, with time.
As of 2006, there were still 53 countries where a husband could not be legally prosecuted for raping his wife.
When it comes to gender inequality: biology enables, culture forbids. The idea of "unnatural" behaviors is actually a result of Christian theology, not biology.
If it is possible biologically, then it is natural. From a scientific perspective, two men having sex is natural. Traveling at the speed of light is not natural.
Why are men valued in many cultures more than women?
All human cultures are filled with inconsistencies. For example, America currently values individual freedom and equality. But these two ideals don't always play nicely. It is part of the human experience to reconcile them. These inconsistencies aren't necessarily bad. They force us to think critically. Consistency is the playground of dull minds.
History is moving relentlessly toward unity. The whole planet is moving toward one world culture.
The creation of money was purely an intellectual revolution. It doesn't exist except in our minds.
More than 90 percent of all money is just electronic data, not physical money.
Everyone always wants money precisely because everyone else always wants money.
Empires have been the world's most common form of political organization for the last 2,500 years.
In general, empires do not fall because of uprisings. They almost always succumb to outside invasion or splits from within the empower class.
Most of what we firmly believe is part of "our culture" was actually forced upon us by other empires who conquered our ancestors.
Despite the obvious negatives of empires taking over a culture, there are many benefits too. Art, music, governance, and more are the result of empires forming. Often, they blended new together with the conquered people to create a new culture.
It seems obvious that we are moving fast toward a singe global empire. Global markets, global warming, and commonly accepted concepts like human rights make it clear we all need one collective entity, not man states and countries.
Religion is the third great unifier of humankind, alongside money and empires.
The Agricultural Revolution was accompanied by a Religious Revolution.
Interestingly, polytheism is more open and accepting of multiple beliefs even though we often look at it as more barbarian and uneducated than our current beliefs.
Monotheism seems to push away polytheism, but actually is very similar to polytheistic gods with the use of patron saints. Praying to the patron saints of farmers isn't much different than praying to the god of rain.
The central tension with monotheism is how to deal with the fact that there is evil in the world while the omnipoten God is believed to be good and caring. If God is good why would he allow evil things to happen?
Even the rich and famous are rarely satisfied.
According to Buddhist tradition: the mind naturally craves more in all situations. And all suffering arrives from craving.
There are a variety of "natural law religions" that are popular today like communism, capitalism, and liberalism.
Over the last 200 years, science has increasingly revealed that human behavior is determined by hormones, genes, and neurological synapses. If this is true, then for how much longer will we ignore that biology does not agree with the concept of free will?
To describe how something happened means to reconstruct the series of specific events that led from one point to another.
To describe why something happened means to find causal connections that led to this particular series of events to the exclusion of all others.
The deeper your knowledge of a particular area of history, the harder it becomes to explain why one particular outcome occurred and not another.
It is an inevitable rule of history that what seems obvious in hindsight is impossible to predict beforehand.
The are level one and level two Chaotic Systems. Level one does not respond to predictions about it, like the weather and weather forecasts. Level two does respond to predictions about it, like the stock market and analyst reports about rising oil prices.
There is no proof that history is working for the benefit of humans or that human well being increases overtime. It's good for the victors, but is it good for us all?
The Scientific Revolution started in Europe around 500 years ago. The last 500 years have witnessed an unprecedented growth of human impact.
One difference between religion and science is that science assumes humankind does not know the answers to many of life's biggest questions. Religion, however, assumes that the important stuff is already known. Science assumes human ignorance.
Modern culture has been able to admit ignorance more than any previous culture.
Previous cultures and belief systems compiled their theories using stories. Science compiles its theories using mathematics.
The story of how Scottish Widows was founded is an awesome example of the power of probability.
Scientists generally agree that no theory is 100 percent correct. Thus, the real test of knowledge is not truth, but utility. Science gives us power. The more useful that power, the better the science.
The military arms race drives science forward in rapid fashion. The truth is war prompts many scientific discoveries.
In the past, the best minds of the day worked on finding ways to give meaning to death. Today, our best minds work on preventing death through biological, hormonal, and genetic means. Science does not take death as an inevitability.
The economic, religious, and political interests that impact the flow of money into scientific and technological research have a huge impact on the output of science.
It is not enough to consider science in a vacuum. Economic and capitalistic interests, for example, determine what we research and what to do with the research findings.
Why did Europeans discover and conquer the Americas? Why not the Chinese or those from India or the Middle East who possessed just as much knowledge and technology as the Europeans? The European ideology to explore the world was the primary difference.
For most of human history, per capita production remained the same. Since the launch of capitalism, however, per capita production has skyrocketed.
Modern capitalism has exploded the growth of humankind thanks to the creation of credit, which allows you to borrow money now because we collectively trust that the future will be better than the present.
Adam Smith's brilliant insight about capitalism in The Wealth of Nations was that increasing private profits is the basis for increasing collective wealth and prosperity. In other words, by becoming richer you benefit everyone, not just yourself. Both parties get a bigger slice of pie. (Note: this only works if profits get reinvested, not hoarded.)
For capitalism to work, profits must be reinvested in new production.
The "religion" of capitalism says economic growth is the supreme because justice, freedom, and happiness requires economic growth.
All credit is based on the idea that science and technology will advance. Scientists ultimately foot the bill of capitalism.
The annual sugar intake of the average Englishman rose from nearly zero in the early 17th century to 18 pounds in the early 19th century.
The life expectancy, child mortality, and calorie intake are significantly improved for the average person in 2014 compared to 1914, despite exponential population growth.
Until the industrial revolution, human behavior was largely dictated by solar energy and plant growth. Day and night. Summer and winter. Everything was determined by man power and animal power, which were determined by food, which is determined by photosynthesis.
"This is the basic lesson of evolutionary psychology: a need shaped in the wild continues to be felt subjectively even if it is no longer really necessary for survival and reproduction."
Harlow's infant monkey studies from the 1950s (and a variety of followup studies) have shown that animals have strong psychological needs as well as purgative physical needs. Note to self: never disregard your psychological needs.
Each year the United States population spends more money on diets than the amount needed to feed all the hungry in the rest of the world.
Most people don't realize just how peaceful of the times are we live in.
In recent years, more people die from suicide each year than from war and violent crime. The same can said for car accidents.
Live a safe community, drive as little as possible, and love yourself. Violent local crime, car accidents, and suicide are some of the biggest killers of humans.
War is at an all time low because the costs of war have increased because of nuclear weapons, the benefits of war have decreased because physical resources drive less of the economy and international trade is more lucrative than conquest, and the tightening of international connections because a worldwide culture is less likely to battle itself.
Our view of the past is heavily influenced by recent events.
Researchers have investigated nearly all aspects of history, but have rarely have asked whether historical changes have made humans happier.
Nietzsche: "He who has a why to live can bear almost any how."
If happiness is based on pleasurable feelings, then increasing our happiness is a matter of increases biochemical release. If happiness is based on meaning, then increasing our happiness is a matter of deluding ourselves about the meaning of our lives.
One uncommonly cited benefit of religion: belief in the afterlife gives meaning to your life in the present.
Buddhism has studied happiness for over 2,000 years. Interestingly, Buddhism shares many viewpoints on happiness with science. Most notably, that happiness results from processes within the body and not from the outside world.
The Buddhist philosophy of happiness centers around the idea that you are not the events that happen to you, but you are also not the feelings you have. You are not your feelings. They are just feelings. Thus, if you understand this, you can release the needs to keep chasing the need to feel happy or to not feel angry or to not feel sad. In other words, you have to understand yourself.
For close to 4 billion years, every organism developed according to evolution. But in recent decades, humans have begun to evolve according to intelligent design. In other words, there are people who would have been selected out of the gene pool millennia ago, but not today.
Genetic engineering is allowing humans to break the laws of natural selection.
The next stage of human history will not only involve biological and technological changes, but also changes in human consciousness and identity. Changes that are this fundamental will call the very term "human" into question.
Many people think the question we should ask to guide our scientific pursuits is, "What do we want to become?" However, because we seem to be on the path to genetically engineering and programming nearly every facets of our wants, desires, and consciousness, the real question we should ask is, "What do we want to want?"
In the past 1000 years, humans have evolved to take over the world and are on the verge of overcoming natural selection and becoming gods. Yet, we still seem unhappy in many ways and we are unsure of what we want. Is there anything more dangerous that dissatisfied and irresponsible gods who don't know what they want?
Maths/Tech Enthusiast, Imagineer, Educator, Data Cruncher, Soldier. Predilection for Books and Data
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From the preliminary job interview to the database, from the class lesson to online education: the evolution of human resources has taken the way to digital innovation. These are the two key words: technology and data management. Organizations are increasingly investing in HR innovation projects, while the study and exploitation of data, which are still carried out to a limited scale in Italy, are gaining importance and are regarded as the emerging skill in the HR context. These are the main outcomes of the research conducted by the Observatory of HR Innovation Practice of the Management School of the Milan Polytechnic.
In addition to the research, the Observatory has also awarded a number of companies that have made the best use of digital technologies to promote and innovate human resources in Italy. Among the winners of the HR Innovation Awards are Eni, GE Oil&Gas, Assicurazioni Generali, the Segesta group and Recordati. The 2016 edition was set up with the contribution of Adp, Cornerstone OnDemand, Oracle, Skylab Italy and Manpower. Thus, the new target of human resources is technology. «Digital technology has become an integral part of most HR innovation projects», states the research. This is made clear by the figures: 61% of the organizations have planned to invest in new digital enterprises in 2016. Among these, 58% have increased their investments compared to the previous year.
Where are these investments going? What is the general understanding of digital innovation in human resources? The research explains that most of the companies that have been interviewed will focus on the development of staff skills. In particular, 53% of them will invest in performance management innovation projects (the management of the employees' enterprises), 51% will invest in education and 5% in research and staff selection.
Innovation doesn't simply change the typical practices of human resources but also introduces new figures within the sector. During the era of Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn, one company out of five hires a Social Media Recruiting Specialist, a person who is in charge of scouting and recruiting new talents through the web and the social networks. 13% of the companies also have a Digital Learning Specialist, who is in charge of developing, managing and monitoring paths and platforms suitable to digital learning.
Digital learning is a new approach to education, which is no longer taking place in a classroom but rather on the web. Traditional education still holds a significant importance: among an average number of 5 days a year that an employee devotes to learning, 3,32 are taught in class. At the moment, organizations are investing in digital learning only 12% of their global budget: yet, the trend is changing direction.
«The number of companies which believe that digital learning holds a relevant place compared to traditional education have shifted from 38% within the last three years to 75% as envisaged in the forthcoming three years», states the report. «The main advantage is that digital learning allows a personalized education, tailored made to suit any employee's needs, and flexibility as regards time and space». It will eventually produce sudden changes of roles: the elderly managers «are often teamed up with newly-hired managers who help them to develop the inborn skills of the Millennials».
The ultimate challenge for human resources is the exploitation of data. This is regarded as one of the new emerging skill by the Observatory: 57% of the companies state that the HR Big Data & Analytics are going to become more prominent than just two years ago. The evolution of data will eventually fill the shortcomings that are now clearly emerging. The exploitation of Big Data – states the research – «is still limited and confined to general reporting».
Furthermore, the challenge for human resources will be to use data not only to picture a present situation but also to make broadcasts on future outcomes of working performances and enable people to plan HR strategies accordingly. In order to follow this path, organizations are forced to overcome some obstacles: first of all, the fear of excessive expenses and times; secondly, cultural constraints.
These are the examples of three companies that are changing consistently the method and the content of their HR practices. Two of them have received the 2016 HR Innovation Award, Eni and GE Oil&Gas, while the third, Comau, features two very promising innovation projects.
Eni has won the HR Innovation Award in the Education Panel for the projects "Enicampus" and "GeTSTeach" (Global Eni Training System), two platforms devoted to digital learning. The initiative "Enicampus" was launched in January 2016 and is open to all employees. The training program is designed to suit the business area of the person involved, but can be enriched taking additional open courses on a voluntary basis. The trainees can make evaluations and comments on the course and the rating is accessible to anyone.
The project "GeTSTeach" is devoted to in-house and external teachers. The platform allows to create area or subject communities for groups of teachers, to manage and update their professional profile and access the evaluations received by the people who have taken their courses, and learn to use the electronic registry.
GE Oil&Gas has won the HR Innovation Award in the Performance Management Panel for the project PD@GE (Performance Development at GE). It is an evaluation system for employees' performances. It was started in October 2014 and was focussed on the personal learning of the employees. The first step is a "priority touchpoint" set up at the beginning of the year, when the priorities are defined, meaning the tasks or features on which the employee will have to focus. During the year, checking and discussion panels are scheduled.
The process has an annual cycle and ends with a Summary Touchpoint: the managers look at what has been done during the year, consider all the feedbacks received and discuss all possible interventions aimed at personal education. The arguments and issues raised during the discussion panels are accessible by the employees via computer or an app on their mobile phone at any moment.
Despite Comau, a Company from the Fca Group specialised in automation, hasn't won any award, it is worth mentioning for two interesting projects. The first project concerns the Master in Industrial Automation, run in collaboration with the Turin Polytechnic, which has reached its fifth year. It consists in a biennial course and implies employment for students from the very beginning. Each year, 20 engineers are selected: the Master focuses on digital technologies applied to manufacture and combines in-house training, training on the job and project work.
The second project is the Executive Master in Manufacturing Automation and Digital Transformation. It is due to start in January 2017 and will be addressed to client organizations. «On one side, we focus on attracting and educating the best talents», explains Maurizio Cremonini, Head of marketing, and Ezio Fregnan, HR Training Manager of Comau, «on the other side, we want to export our skills in different contexts and attract the attention of other companies».
Stefano De Agostini Giornalista professionista, ha collaborato con ilfattoquotidiano.it e La Provincia di Como. Chiodi fissi: lavoro ed economia. In tasca, una laurea in storia e un master in giornalismo. Nella vita precedente, educatore in comunità.


text:
In re Lead Paint Litigation
November 28, 2006, Argued; June 15, 2007, Decided
A-73 September Term 2005
[*408] [**486] Justice HOENS delivered the opinion of the Court.
In these consolidated complaints, twenty-six municipalities and counties seek [**487] to recover, from manufacturers and distributors of [*409] lead paints, the costs of detecting and removing lead paint from homes and buildings, of providing medical care to residents affected with lead poisoning, and of developing programs to educate residents about the dangers of lead paint. Although the complaints initially sought recovery through a wide variety of legal theories, we are called upon to consider only whether these plaintiffs have [***14] stated a cognizable claim based on the common law tort of public nuisance. Because we conclude that plaintiffs cannot state a claim consistent with the well-recognized parameters of that tort, and because we further conclude that to find otherwise would be directly contrary to legislative pronouncements governing both lead paint abatement programs and products liability claims, we reverse the judgment of the Appellate Division and remand for dismissal of the complaints.
This litigation began on December 14, 2001, when the City of Newark and its mayor filed a complaint asserting claims sounding in fraud, public nuisance, civil conspiracy, unjust enrichment, and indemnification. Named as defendants were a large number of companies that had manufactured lead pigments or lead paints, or that were the corporate successors to the manufacturers of those products. 1 Shortly thereafter, twenty-five other plaintiffs 2 filed [*410] complaints similar to the one filed by the City of Newark. By order dated February 11, 2002, this Court designated "all pending and future litigation involving damages or other relief arising out of the manufacture, sale, distribution and/or use of lead-based paint" as a [***15] mass tort. See R. 4:38A. Pursuant to that order, all of the complaints were transferred to a single vicinage and assigned to one judge for management.
Defendants moved to dismiss the complaints [***16] for failure to state a claim on which relief could be granted. See R. 4:6-2(e). After briefing and oral argument, the trial court issued an order granting defendants' motion, accompanied by a lengthy written decision. 3
191 N.J. 405 *; 924 A.2d 484 **; 2007 N.J. LEXIS 698 ***
IN RE LEAD PAINT LITIGATION.
Prior History: [***1] On certification to the Superior Court, Appellate Division.
In re Lead Paint Litig., 185 N.J. 391, 886 A.2d 662, 2005 N.J. LEXIS 1562 (2005)
Disposition: The court reversed the judgment of the lower court and remanded the case to the trial court for entry of a judgment in favor of defendants for dismissal of the complaints.
public nuisance, paint, abatement, nuisance, environmental, complaints, plaintiffs', damages, lead poisoning, exposure, product liability, special injury, pollution, hazard, products, lead-based, common right, residential, consumer, remedies, common law tort, public entity, public right, manufacturers, housing, crisis, terms, general public, public health, common law
Public Health & Welfare Law, Healthcare, General Overview, Real Property Law, Nuisance, Types of Nuisances, Public Nuisances, Administrative Law, Agency Rulemaking, State Proceedings, Environmental Law, Administrative Proceedings & Litigation, Nuisances, Strict Liability, & Trespasses, Hazardous Wastes & Toxic Substances, Cleanup, Remedies, Summary Abatement, Private Nuisances, Governments, Courts, Judicial Precedent, Rule Application & Interpretation, Civil Procedure, Justiciability, Standing, Personal Stake, Torts, Elements, Third Party Standing, Legislation, Interpretation, Torts, Products Liability, Toxic Torts


There are many interesting and cuddly crochet stuff to patterns which are really popular nowadays. But free crochet fox patterns are being more and more popular and demanding in these days. Free crochet fox patterns are seeing everywhere and people are crazy about this pattern. Because kids, as well as adults, really like to wear these patterns. And we can see a lot of interesting verities and colors as well as designs on the web which are so cute. You can crochet these patterns in different verities and styles and crochet accessories in this pattern from head to toe.
We all know that kids really like to play with stuff toys so you can also crochet fox amigurumi too. And I am sure your kids will love to play and cuddle with them.so, if you are thinking about to crochet something amazing and fun that your kids like too, then these free crochet fox patterns are perfect. Because there is a view that foxes always cunning and evil which is not too much right. Because when you see this list you will surely change your opinion and view about foxes. And for this, I have prepared a list of free crochet fox patterns – amigurumi and accessories.
All of these patterns are so cute and adorable that you will love to try all of them. And when it comes to color combination then it makes really adorable for crochet lovers. And inspire them to make them with their own hands. Vibrant orange and red color are the most using colors. These colors and their sharp face feature always win the heart of readers and crocheters too. But if you want to give your personal touch then you can also use any other colors too. And the possibilities are endless to make them with your crochet hooks. And I have brought some of the best for you. So, let's take a glance at the following list and draw some inspiration. I hope you will fall in love with all of these patterns. Please scroll down and have some fun!


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text:
Łochowice (Łochowiec – 1744, 1766, niem.: Lochowitze – 1878, Lochwitz –  1942–1945) – wieś w Polsce, położona w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim, w powiecie bydgoskim, w gminie Białe Błota.

Podział administracyjny
W latach 1950–1998 miejscowość administracyjnie należała do województwa bydgoskiego.

Położenie
Łochowice są wsią usytuowaną na zachód od Bydgoszczy, w gminie Białe Błota. Od wschodu graniczy z Łochowem, od zachodu i południa z Puszczą Bydgoską, zaś od północy z Kanałem Bydgoskim.

Pod względem fizycznogeograficznym Łochowice leżą w obrębie Pradoliny Toruńsko-Eberswaldzkiej w mezoregionie Kotlina Toruńska i mikroregionie Terasa Łochowska (IX terasa: 66–69 m n.p.m.).

Charakterystyka
Łochowice mają charakter wsi podmiejskiej, położonej po obu stronach drogi powiatowej Bydgoszcz – Potulice – Nakło, w północno-zachodniej części gminy Białe Błota. Powierzchnia sołectwa wynosi 2,2 km². Od czasów przedwojennych do połowy lat 90. XX wieku wieś miała stałą powierzchnię 211,4 ha, gdzie użytki rolne stanowiły około 191 ha.

Miejscowość od lat 90. XX wieku wykazuje dużą dynamikę rozwoju, czerpiąc z bliskości Bydgoszczy znaczne impulsy rozwojowe. Dominujący sposób użytkowania to mieszkalnictwo wraz z zespołami handlu i usług nakierowanych na zaspokojenie potrzeb miejscowych.

Miejscowość przeznaczona jest pod zabudowę jednorodzinną i świadczenie usług. We wsi znajduje się tylko jedno gospodarstwo rolne o powierzchni powyżej 1 ha. W 2004 roku we wsi stało 40 starych domów oraz 140 nowo wybudowanych. Jest tu też nowa świetlica wiejska z placem zabaw dla dzieci.

Na terenie wsi działa Stowarzyszenie Kulturalno Społeczne Na Rzecz Rozwoju Wsi Łochowice "Łochowice z Przyszłością", zajmujące się integracją społeczności poprzez organizację imprez takich jak festyny, zabawy dla dzieci oraz konkursy.

Liczba mieszkańców:

Historia

Prehistoria
Historia osadnictwa na terenie Łochowic sięga kilku tysięcy lat p.n.e., gdy po ustąpieniu lodowca i ociepleniu klimatu możliwa stała się eksploracja tego terenu przez ludzi. Na terenie wsi odkryto znaleziska z epoki żelaza oraz kultury łużyckiej.

Okres staropolski
Łochowice odnotowano w źródłach pisanych w 1742 roku jako wieś olenderską, wchodzącą w skład uposażenia wójtostwa bydgoskiego. Inwentarz z 1744 roku wymienia Łochowiec jako wieś, w której pola nie były jeszcze wymierzone. Zarządzał nią administrator wójtowski, który zawarł kontrakt z dwoma osadnikami. Piotr Szmit mieszkał tu od dawna, zobowiązany był do robocizn przy dworze w wymiarze 12 dni na rok, za co otrzymywał 2 sztufy piwa na dzień. Z Mathiasem Hagenem, drugim osadnikiem, administrator zawarł kontrakt 1 kwietnia 1742 roku, zwalniając go przez cztery lata od czynszów i robocizn.

W 1753 wieś Łochowice miała 1 włókę, 13 morgów. We wsi mieszkał niejaki Wilson, który w 1752 roku zawarł kontrakt na użytkowanie gruntów na okres 50 lat. W zamian uiszczał 65 zł tytułem pogłównego, hiberny i gajowego. W 1759 powiększono mu czynsz o dodatkowe 60 zł oraz o 3 zł tytułem gajowego. W 1766 wieś miała 2 włóki i dwóch gospodarzy: Pawła Schnocken i Christiana Lenzera. Obaj w 1752 zawarli kontrakt królewski na 50 lat. Czynsz roczny wynosił 128 zł za pogłówne, gajowe i hibernę.

Według informacji z katastru fryderycjańskiego z 1773 roku w Łochowicach, określonych jako wieś wójtostwa bydgoskiego, mieszkało 2 gospodarzy i 4 komorników, którzy za mieszkanie i wyżywienie pracowali u właściciela. Inwentarz żywy stanowiły 4 konie, 10 wołów, 7 krów, 9 świń i 80 owiec.

Okres zaborów
Łochowice w XIX wieku to wieś czynszowa otoczona od południa lasem, a od północy otwarta na rozległe łąki nad Kanałem Bydgoskim. W I połowie XIX wieku we wsi najlepiej rozwijała się hodowla owiec, w mniejszym stopniu krów, świń, wołów i koni. W II połowie XIX w. hodowla owiec poważnie zmalała kosztem zwiększenia pogłowia trzody chlewnej i bydła rogatego. Jako siłę pociągową wykorzystywano woły, w mniejszym stopniu konie.

Spis miejscowości rejencji bydgoskiej z 1833 r. podaje, że we wsi mieszkało 152 osób (142 ewangelików, 10 katolików) w 15 domach. Według opisu Jana Nepomucena Bobrowicza z 1846 r. wieś Łochowice należały do rządowej domeny bydgoskiej. Kolejny spis z 1860 r. podaje, że we wsi Łochowice mieszkało 232 osób (187 ewangelików, 45 katolików) w 30 domach. Najbliższa szkoła elementarna znajdowała się w Łochowie. Miejscowość należała do parafii katolickiej i ewangelickiej w Bydgoszczy.

W 1905 roku we wsi funkcjonowała jednoklasowa szkoła ewangelicka o trzech oddziałach należąca do gminy szkolnej w Łochowicach. Do szkoły chodzili chłopcy i dziewczęta wyznania katolickiego i ewangelickiego. Nauczał w niej jeden nauczyciel Otto Kurt Flatau. Do 1920 przewodniczącym dozoru szkolnego był pastor Knopp z Łochowa. Po odzyskaniu niepodległości dalej nauczał Flatał aż do chwili zamknięcia placówki.

Dwudziestolecie międzywojenne
20 stycznia 1920 roku wieś weszła w skład odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej. W ramach powiatu bydgoskiego powołano gminę Bydgoszcz Nadleśnictwo zwaną następnie Bydgoszcz-Wieś, złożoną z 12 gromad wiejskich, m.in. gromady Łochowice.

W latach 20. z miejscowości wyjechało wielu Niemców, a na ich miejsce napływali Polacy. Zmieniał się więc skład narodowościowy, jednakże aż do 1945 r. Łochowice charakteryzowały się stosunkowo dużym odsetkiem ludności niemieckiej, która miała przewagę nad Polakami pod względem ilościowym i majątkowym.

3 lutego 1923 dozór szkolny podjął decyzję o likwidacji szkoły w Łochowicach z powodu gwałtownego spadku liczby uczniów z 67 do 32. Decyzję tę zaakceptowało kuratorium i 1 maja 1925 zlikwidowano szkołę. Majątkiem rozwiązanej placówki zarządzać miał tzw. "Zarząd Majątku Szkolnego" w osobach: sołtys Michał Maciejewski oraz Otto Heinrich i Wilhelm Kramer. Majątek gminy szkolnej stanowił budynek szkolny z jedną klasą i mieszkaniem nauczyciela, stodoła, chlew, obora, lamus i pralnia oraz grunt liczący 1,64 ha. W jego skład wchodziła rola uprawna (0,625 ha), łąka (1 ha) i ogród (0,015 ha). Całość majątku wydzierżawiono Antoniemu Olszewskiemu a później Otto Heinrichowi. W 1927 majątek ten notarialnie przeszedł na rzecz gminy terytorialnej w Łochowicach. Gmina rolę wydzierżawiła Karolowi Szwalbe, a łąkę Alojzemu Frelichowskiemu. Taki stan prawny przetrwał do wybuchu drugiej wojny światowej.

W 1938 r. powierzchnia wsi Łochowice liczyła 211 ha. Mieszkało tu 113 Polaków i 134 Niemców. Udział procentowy ludności niemieckiej (54%) przekraczał znacznie średnią dla powiatu bydgoskiego wynoszącą około 22%.

Okupacja niemiecka
3 i 4 września 1939 r. w trakcie wycofywania się wojsk polskich doszło w okolicy (Łochowo, Murowaniec, Prądki) do dywersji niemieckiej i ostrzeliwania żołnierzy. Zajęcie miejscowości przez wojska hitlerowskie i grupy specjalne, składające się z szowinistów niemieckich, zapoczątkowało represje miejscowej ludności polskiej.

W okresie okupacji niemieckiej 1939–1945 miejscowość wchodziła w skład rejencji bydgoskiej, powiatu bydgoskiego (niem. Landkreis Bromberg), obwodu urzędowego Bydgoszcz-Wieś (niem. Amtsbezirk Bromberg-Land), który składał się z 15 gmin: Białe Błota, Brzoza, Ciele Jachcice, Kruszyn, Lisi Ogon, Łochowice, Łochowo, Murowaniec, Opławiec, Osowa Góra, Prądki, Prądy, Przyłęki i Zielonka.

31 października 1943 roku gmina wiejska Łochowice (niem. Lochwitz) liczyła 211 ha. Mieszkało tu 185 osób w 46 domach.

Po II wojnie światowej
Tuż po wyzwoleniu zaczęto już w styczniu 1945 r. organizować władze administracyjne. Na terenie powiatu bydgoskiego utworzono 10 urzędów gminnych, w tym gminę Bydgoszcz-Wieś, docelowo z siedzibą w Białych Błotach. Do gminy tej należało 14 gromad (sołectw): Białe Błota, Brzoza, Ciele, Kruszyn Krajeński, Lisi Ogon, Łochowice, Łochowo, Murowaniec, Opławiec, Osowa Góra, Prądki, Prądy, Przyłęki i Zielonka.

Po II wojnie światowej część mieszkańców wsi pochodzenia niemieckiego opuściła miejscowość, a na ich miejsce przybyli repatrianci z Wileńszczyzny.

Podczas reformy samorządowej w 1954 r. utworzono gromadę Łochowo, do której włączono również Łochowice. Od 1 stycznia 1960 roku wraz z Łochowem wchodziły w skład gromady Białebłota, przekształconej w 1973 r. w gminę Białe Błota.

W latach 90. XX wieku rozpoczął się gwałtowny proces suburbanizacji okolic Bydgoszczy, których Łochowice były jednym z beneficjentów. W ciągu 20-lecia po 1990 r. liczba mieszkańców miejscowości wzrosła około 3-krotnie. W 2000 r. przebiegającą przez wieś drogę Bydgoszcz – Nakło poszerzono do 6 metrów.

Przynależność do parafii
Wieś od chwili swego powstania należała do katolickiej parafii św. Marcina i Mikołaja w Bydgoszczy. W 1920 w wyniku podziału parafii bydgoskiej wieś została przyłączona do Tymczasowego Okręgu Parafialnego Św. Trójcy w Bydgoszczy, przekształconego w 1924 w parafię. W 1933 roku wieś znalazła się w granicach powstałej parafii św. Antoniego z Padwy na Czyżkówku (w Bydgoszczy).

Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej Łochowice weszły w skład powołanej w 1946 roku parafii św. Kazimierza w Łochowie w oparciu o przejęty poewangelicki kościół, wystawiony na początku XX w. w stylu neogotyckim.

Zabytki

Zagadnienie zabytków ma charakter sporny. Na początku lat 70. XX wieku wykazy nie rejestrowały we wsi zabytków powstałych do połowy XIX w. Kolejny wykaz z połowy lat 90. XX w. rejestrujący obiekty powstałe także w 2. połowie XIX i w pierwszych dziesięcioleciach XX w. wymienia 4 domy przy ulicy Leszczynowej (nr 1, 6, 10, 21), wzniesione na przełomie XIX i XX w. W planie zagospodarowania przestrzennego tej miejscowości za obiekty zabytkowe uznano budynki istniejące pod adresami: Szosa Bydgoska nr 2, 10; Leszczynowa nr 9; Dębowa nr 26, 37 oraz kapliczkę przydrożną. Wymienione ulice nie znajdują się w obrębie Łochowic, lecz sąsiedniej miejscowości – Łochowo. Ponadto Wykaz zabytków nieruchomych wpisanych do rejestru zabytków prowadzony przez Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa w Warszawie nie wykazuje żadnego zabytku na terenie Łochowic.

Na terenie wsi znajdują się:
 murowana kapliczka przydrożna z figurką Matki Boskiej Licheńskiej, róg ul. Szosa Nakielska i Kanałowa,
 cmentarze:
 ewangelicki powstały przed 1878, obecnie ze zdewastowanymi grobami,
 katolicki powstały w latach 1925–1937.

W roku 1952 robotnicy drogowi przypadkowo odkryli grób ciałopalny w formie popielnicy z wczesnego okresu żelaza – kultury łużyckiej. Naczynie miało wysokość 25 cm, średnicę brzuśca 29 cm, średnicę dna 10,5 cm. Na brzuścu znajdował się ornament z rzędami poziomo biegnących ukośnych nakłuć. Zabytek ten przekazano do Muzeum Okręgowego w Bydgoszczy.

Ochrona przyrody
We wsi znajdują się następujące pomniki przyrody:

Statystyka
Poniżej podano wybrane informacje statystyczne dotyczące wsi Łochowice na podstawie Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS.

Narodowy Spis Powszechny 2002 wykazał, że we wsi Łochowice mieszkało 193 osób w 69 gospodarstwach domowych. Co czwarta osoba posiadała wykształcenie wyższe lub średnie. We wsi znajdowało się 50 budynków ze 67 mieszkaniami. Prawie połowa mieszkań pochodziła sprzed 1945 roku, zaś 27% wzniesiono w latach 1989–2002.

Narodowy Spis Powszechny 2011 odnotował 591 mieszkańców Łochowic. W 2013 r. działalność gospodarczą prowadziło 99 podmiotów, w tym 86 osób fizycznych, 13 osób prawnych, 6 spółek handlowych (w tym 1 z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego). Dominowały mikroprzedsiębiorstwa (0–9 osób). Jedno przedsiębiorstwo zatrudniało powyżej 250 osób, a 3 – w granicach 10–49 osób.

W latach 2008–2013 oddano do użytku 78 mieszkań – wszystkie w budownictwie indywidualnym. Stanowiło to tylko 5% nowych mieszkań wzniesionych w tym czasie w całej gminie, lecz bardzo wiele w kontekście dotychczasowej zabudowy wsi. W miejscowości funkcjonował punkt przedszkolny, który obejmował opieką 50 dzieci.

Uwagi

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Gmina Białe Błota. Wczoraj – dzisiaj – jutro, pod redakcją Stanisława Płotkowskiego, Białe Błota 1998, s. 12, 18–19, 27, 66, 74, 77, 83–85, 116–117.
 Inwentarz wójtostwa bydgoskiego z 1744 roku, wydali Romana Guldon, Zenon Guldon, Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Prace Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych, Seria C, Nr 10, Prace Komisji Historii, t. 7, 1970, s. 93.
 Inwentarze starostwa i wójtostwa bydgoskiego z lata 1753–1766, wydał Ryszard Kabaciński, Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Źródła do dziejów Bydgoszczy, nr 9, Warszawa-Poznań 1977, s. 22, 67.
 Opisy starostwa bydgoskiego z lat 1661–1765, wydał Zenon Guldon, Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Źródła do dziejów Bydgoszczy, Nr 2, Bydgoszcz 1966, s. 45.
 Czesław Potemski, Pradzieje Bydgoszczy i powiatu bydgoskiego, Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Prace Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych, Seria C, Nr 1, Bydgoszcz 1963, s. 111.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Plan Łochowic
 Mapy okolic Łochowic

Białe Błota (gmina)

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Our first week back from the holiday vacation was pretty wet, but then turned cold. Now the kids are involved in igloo making. Sally has them cutting and stacking blocks. They may not be able to get the actual igloo look, but are having wonderful recess time working together.
Monday's art class will have a mathematical theme! Betty Young, WCSU Math coach in residence will lead an exploration of how to transform two dimensional figures into helpful three dimensional figures. Our students will work with equilateral triangles and pentagons to create useful tetrahedrons and dodecahedrons. Students will use the language of geometry and design. This is an opportunity to engage in the mathematics of art, color, shape and comradery.
At our School Board meeting on January 2nd , Nancy and Jerry Dyke both remarked how beautifully the Windham Elementary choir sang at their Christmas Service on the 18th. It had been a discouraging weather day with the cold and icy weather, but everything went off beautifully.
There was no hot lunch this week, because Lisa's children had the stomach bug.
For the third time we have children participating in OAKE. What is OAKE? Inspired by the vision of Hungarian composer Zoltán Kodály, the mission of the Organization of American Kodály Educators is to support music education of the highest quality, promote universal music literacy and lifelong music making, preserving the musical heritage of the people of the United States of America through education, artistic performance, advocacy and research. [If you'd like more information, you can find it at www.oake.org.] Lillie Beshay and Mary McDonald were accepted into the OAKE national youth honor choir following rigorous auditions (Alex Beshay will be going for the third time with the high school chamber choir). They are very good learners as well as terrific young musicians with great ears, voices, and musical ability. They will travel to Philadelphia in March after working to learn the music in the coming months.
Parents, if one week you buy too much fruit or veggies on sale and want to share with the school, send us some.
Curious request from our school: If you have just the blade part of a shovel hanging around our kids love those for digging in the snow banks at school. We have two and every recess two is not enough. We would make good use of them during the winter months. Right now they are building an igloo. Thank you.


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Central Ohio is no stranger to major film production, and this summer another feature film will be shot right here in Columbus. Currently titled Country Christmas Album, the film's plotline revolves around the collaboration between two incongruous musical talents whose lifestyles, musical tastes and career arcs could hardly be more different. Like oil and water, they struggle to find a common chord, but along the rocky road to production discover a melody that neither could have imagined.
Country Christmas Album will be shot in and around Columbus in late July. Horizons Companies will provide production and post production support to Almost Never Films, a publicly traded independent film company based in Los Angeles, California. Almost Never Films is focused on film production, finance and related services and on facilitating relationships between creative talent and companies that produce, finance and distribute motion pictures and television series.


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Home / Entertainment / Bollywood / Sooryavanshi movie review: Akshay Kumar's high-octane action film is your Diwali gift this year
Sooryavanshi movie review: Akshay Kumar's high-octane action film is your Diwali gift this year
Sooryavanshi movie review: Akshay Kumar's Veer Sooryavanshi is a worthy addition to Rohit Shetty's cop universe.
Sooryavanshi movie review: Akshay Kumar plays a DCP in the movie.
Updated on Nov 22, 2021 01:52 PM IST
ByMonika Rawal Kukreja
Finally releasing after 19 months, Sooryavanshi is nothing short of a celebration of mainstream Hindi cinema, bringing back whistles and cheers to a theatre after a long time. Sooryavanshi is fuelled by director Rohit Shetty's trademark action and Akshay Kumar brings it in abundance.
Sooryavanshi is not a three-hero film as the posters and trailers might try to make you believe. It's an out-and-out Akshay Kumar action film with special appearances from Ajay Devgn, who plays Singham, and Ranveer Singh, who plays Simmba, in the last 30 minutes. These 30 minutes are the film's highlight with its high-octane action, cars getting blown up, some stunning hand combat choreography taken to a new level, and the action-hero trio in their best form.
Watch Sooryavanshi trailer:
Sooryavanshi begins after the 1993 bomb blasts in Mumbai. 13 years later, when a terrorist group is back in action and planning another mission, DCP Veer Sooryavanshi, (Akshay Kumar), the head of Mumbai Anti-Terrorism Squad, is assigned the task of finding their whereabouts and stop the attacks.
With hardcore masala films, it's easy to assume that you can leave your brain at home and just enjoy the experience. But with a film like Sooryavanshi, that introduces countless characters on the screen, one after the other, you need to be your alert self and join.
That being said, Sooryavanshi isn't driven by a great script neither does it have any extraordinary suspense that could bring nail-biting moments. Yet, it keeps you on the edge for the sheer joy of watching that over-the-top action. Shetty picks various elements — romance between Sooryavanshi and his wife Riya (played by Katrina Kaif), their relationship with their son Aryan, his camaraderie with the members of his ATS force — and weaves them together for a fulfilling climax.
While Devgn's Singham was more intense and Ranveer's Simmba was the quirkier one, Akshay's Sooryavanshi is a mix of both. He is tough in scenes that require him to be that, evokes laughter in lighter scenes, or awe with his smashing entry on the helicopter. Though at some places, Akshay struggled to remain in character and looked perplexed with a busy storyline.
Sooryavanshi is fast-paced its second half is when all the tension builds up and things get more intriguing. Yunus Sajawal's screenplay is engaging and gripping but still a bit patchy. Even the average dialogues by Farhad Samji, Sanchit Bendre and Vidhi Ghodgadnkar aren't something that leave a lasting impact.
Performance wise, the film scores full marks. Katrina, with her better than before Hindi, is convincing as a loving wife and a doting mom. Then there's a great lineup of supporting cast including joint commissioner Vikram Bedi (Javed Jaaferi) whose heavy voice adds gravitas to the role he's portraying. Among the terrorists, the mastermind behind Mumbai blasts, Bilal (Kumud Mishra) and Lashker chief Omar Hafiz (Jackie Shroff) and his sons played by Abhimanyu Singh and Mrunal Jain, live their part well. Gulshan Grover, Nikiten Dheer and Sikander Kher have small yet crucial roles. Rohit, unwilling to delve in grey area, makes sure his good men are too good and bad ones don't even try to look good.
Also read: Simmba movie review: Ranveer Singh and Rohit Shetty create an angry cop movie universe
Amid all this, recreating Tip Tip Barsa Pani could have been simply avoided. Quite frankly, I couldn't watch it beyond a few seconds. Or maybe we can't imagine anyone other than Raveena Tandon in that yellow saree. Katrina tried a bit too hard but it didn't quite work. As for Akshay, he clearly looked better with Raveena and perhaps, should have just said no to this remake.
And once again, Rohit Shetty takes the opportunity to announce yet another outing. But as of now, go watch Sooryavanshi to make your Diwali even more special.
Director: Rohit Shetty
Cast: Akshay Kumar, Katrina Kaif, Ajay Devgn and Ranveer Singh
sooryavanshi akshay kumar rohit shetty + 1 more


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We love these looks! Hashtag #bmbvherringbonearabelladress and mention @blackmilkclothing for a chance to be featured.


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An Assessment of 50 Years of Canada-China Relations
Foreign Policy By Canadians
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CIC Victoria: Dr. Bill Hayton: The Invention of China
« CIC National Capital (Ottawa): The Asia-Pacific Regional Comprehensive Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities for Canada
Foreign Policy By Canadians: Citizens Deliberating the Future of Canada's Global Engagement »
Bill Hayton's 'The Invention of China' is a provocative account that shows that "China" and its 5,000 years of unified history is a national myth, created far more recently by a small group of intellectuals and with a political agenda that persists to this day.
During his conversation with Jonathan Manthorpe, he will show how China's present-day geopolitical problems—the fates of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and the South China Sea—were born in the struggle to create a modern nation-state. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, reformers and revolutionaries adopted foreign ideas to "invent" a new vision of China. By asserting a particular, politicized version of the past the government bolstered its claim to a vast territory stretching from the Pacific to Central Asia. Ranging across history, nationhood, language, and territory, the talk will illustrate how the Republic's reworking of its past not only helped it to justify its right to rule a century ago—but continues to motivate and direct policy today.
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https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_bls2ZAW1TPGXVlzajYqAwg
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Copyright The Canadian International Council © 2021


HEMPSTEAD, New York — Hillary Clinton's campaign manager Robby Mook and other top Democrats refused to answer whether Clinton wants President Barack Obama to withdraw the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) from consideration before Congress during interviews with Breitbart News in the spin room after the first presidential debate here at Hofstra University on Monday night.
The fact that Mook, Clinton campaign spokesman Brian Fallon, and Democratic National Committee (DNC) chairwoman Donna Brazile each refused to answer the simple question that would prove Clinton is actually opposed to the Trans Pacific Partnership now after praising it 40 times and calling it the "gold standard" is somewhat shocking.
Obama is attempting to ram TPP through Congress as his last act as president during a lame duck session of Congress. Clinton previously supported the TPP, and called it the "Gold Standard" of trade deals. That's something Brazile, the new chairwoman of the DNC who took over after Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-FL) was forced to resign after email leaks showed she and her staff at the DNC undermined the presidential campaign of Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont and in an untoward way forced the nomination into Clinton's hands, openly confirmed in her own interview with Breitbart News in the spin room post debate. Brazile similarly refused to answer if Clinton should call on Obama to withdraw the TPP from consideration before Congress.
BREITBART NEWS: Secretary Clinton says she's opposed to the TPP now, I wanted to see do you think she should call on President Obama to withdraw the TPP from Congress?
DONNA BRAZILE: Well, as you know, we had that debate and that conversation during the Democrat platform process. The platform in our party is very, very strong on where we should go on not just the TPP but on trade deals. In terms of President Obama and what he's going to propose on Capitol Hill during the final months of his presidency, I'm sure he's going to continue to push for it.
DONNA BRAZILE: Because Hillary Clinton is our nominee for President of the United States.
BREITBART NEWS: And President Obama is the sitting president.
DONNA BRAZILE: But she's not a member of the United States Senate. I think Mitch McConnell made it very clear he may take this issue up and may not take it up in the so-called lame duck session. So I think for now President Obama has to work with the Democrats on Capitol Hill, which include Bernie Sanders and others who say they will fight against the TPP.
That wasn't all. Mook and Brazile were hardly the only Clinton sycophants who dodged the question. Clinton campaign spokesman Brian Fallon dodged it too in a brief exchange with Breitbart News in the spin room.
BREITBART NEWS: On the TPP, Secretary Clinton says she's opposed to it now. Does she believe that President Obama should withdraw the TPP and not push it through in a lame duck session of Congress?
BRIAN FALLON: She is against the TPP at any point, including in the lame duck, and she has further said—or our campaign has said—that she would not prioritize or push any effort to reopen it or try to tinker around the edges to try to salvage it even if she's the president in January.
BREITBART NEWS: So does she think that the president should withdraw it since she's opposed to it in the lame duck anyway?
BRIAN FALLON: I think that she's been clear in her position that no matter when it comes up, in the lame duck or whenever, she would be against it personally—and she would urge others to defeat it. And she's certainly not going to bring it up to push it if she's in office in January.
BREITBART NEWS: Has she had any conversations with the president asking him to withdraw it?
BRIAN FALLON: I'm not aware. I'm not aware of that.
Our jobs are fleeing the country. They're going to Mexico. They're going to many other countries. You look at what China is doing to our country in terms of making our product. They're devaluing their currency, and there's nobody in our government to fight them. And we have a very good fight. And we have a winning fight. Because they're using our country as a piggy bank to rebuild China, and many other countries are doing the same thing.
So we're losing our good jobs, so many of them. When you look at what's happening in Mexico, a friend of mine who builds plants said it's the eighth wonder of the world. They're building some of the biggest plants anywhere in the world, some of the most sophisticated, some of the best plants. With the United States, as he said, not so much.
So Ford is leaving. You see that, their small car division leaving. Thousands of jobs leaving Michigan, leaving Ohio. They're all leaving. And we can't allow it to happen anymore. As far as child care is concerned and so many other things, I think Hillary and I agree on that. We probably disagree a little bit as to numbers and amounts and what we're going to do, but perhaps we'll be talking about that later.
DONALD TRUMP: You called it the gold standard.
DONALD TRUMP: You called it the gold standard of trade deals. You said it's the finest deal you've ever seen.
DONALD TRUMP: And then you heard what I said about it, and all of a sudden you were against it.
Clinton's claim that she never called it the gold standard of trade deals is a demonstrable lie. Fact checkers from Breitbart News to the Washington Post and more proved she lied, because she didn't just hope it would be the gold standard but she said it was the gold standard.
In addition to Clinton's lies on TPP, her decision to finally—for the first time this election cycle—defend the highly controversial North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trade deal that her husband signed into law puts her on her heels in middle America.
Well, President Obama should withdraw it and she should call for it to be withdrawn. President Obama is not going to withdraw it. She was involved in the early drafting of it. She said 40 times favorable comments about it. And for her to suggest that she sort of had anything other than a political conversion is totally false. Hillary Clinton's view was totally for that treaty until Donald Trump talked to the American people about the flaws in it. It's impacting, adversely, working people. And then she flip flopped, but she left the door wide open so if she's president she can make a few cosmetic changes and then move it through the Senate. That's exactly what's at stake on that issue.
There's no doubt about it. She helped write that as Secretary of State—she wasn't there when the final draft was completed and she was saying nothing but fine things about it. At least 40 times, she praised the treaty and did call it the 'gold standard' of treaties—but then when the heat got on, she backed off some. But she's never really backed off the possibility with a few cosmetic changes she could move that treaty forward.
It's really such an excellent question, Matt, I'm glad you asked it. It goes to something Donald Trump said early on in tonight's debate where he said 'are you saying that President Obama was wrong? Are you saying he's wrong?' And Hillary Clinton just gave a glib smile and didn't answer the questions, so I hope she answers yours. She once called TPP the 'gold standard.' And then has been against it. She has been known to be a flip-flopper, 66 percent of the country says she's not honest and not trustworthy. They know that she lies for a living on many things. I also—Robby Mook, her campaign manager, refused to answer the question as to whether Hillary Clinton still supports sanctuary cities. He just didn't answer it. We know that Donald Trump opposes sanctuary cities. It didn't come up in tonight's debate, but sanctuary cities that harbor illegal aliens who then murder Americans is beyond the pale. Donald Trump has stood on the stage with these parents, these angel moms and dads who have lost their children to illegal aliens who had been deported—in the case of Kate Steinle, being murdered in cold blood right in front of her father in San Francisco about two years ago. Kate's Law would be signed into law if Donald Trump was president.
You can't believe anything Secretary Clinton says about TPP. We've seen everyone from Terry McAuliffe to Bill Clinton come out and essentially make clear that yes, she will be someone who supports TPP. I think you will see Secretary Clinton jump and evade and dodge every opportunity to get pinned down on this issue and the fact of the matter is she called TPP the 'gold standard.' This would be another trade deal, maybe not as bad as NAFTA, but another trade deal [that would be bad for the country].
Miller added that the Clinton campaign's refusal to answer basic questions from the press about TPP is why Donald Trump is surging everywhere across the country.


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import * as React from "react";
import { ErrorBoundary } from "../error_boundary";

export interface SearchFieldProps {
  onChange(searchTerm: string): void;
  onKeyPress?: (searchTerm: string) => void;
  searchTerm: string;
  placeholder: string;
  customLeftIcon?: React.ReactElement;
  customRightIcon?: React.ReactElement;
  autoFocus?: boolean;
}

export const SearchField = (props: SearchFieldProps) =>

        <ErrorBoundary>
          {props.customLeftIcon || }
          <input name="searchTerm"
            value={props.searchTerm}
            autoFocus={props.autoFocus}
            onChange={e => props.onChange(e.currentTarget.value)}
            onKeyPress={e => props.onKeyPress?.(e.currentTarget.value)}
            placeholder={props.placeholder} />
          {props.searchTerm && (props.customRightIcon ||
             props.onChange("")} />)}
        </ErrorBoundary>

;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
How to Succeed in Business running at TUTS
The Cast of How To Succeed_Photo Credit – Os Galindo
Houston – Theatre Under The Stars (TUTS) announces the cast of How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying!
Ashley Blanchet is playing Rosemary Pilkington. Blanchet most recently appeared on Broadway in Beautiful. Arnie Burton is appearing in the role of Bert Bratt. Burton is known for his roles in films such as The Invention of Lying and Igby Goes Down and on Broadway in productions such as Machinal and Peter and the Starcatcher. Taking on the role of Miss Jones will be Allyson Kaye Daniel. Daniel's theatrical credits include The Color Purple at the Milwaukee Repertory Theater and Kiss Me Kate at the Maltz Jupiter Theater. In the role of J. Pierrepont Finch is Chris Dwan who is fresh off his role as Elliot in the Broadway production of Finding Neverland. The role of Hedy LaRue will be played by Felicia Finley. Finley's Broadway credits include Aida, Mama Mia! and The Wedding Singer.
Kevin C. Loomis, who has appeared in a number of Broadway productions including Spider-Man Turn Off The Dark andInherit The Wind will be playing the roles Mr. Twimble/Wally Womper. Stuart Marland will be playing the role of Jasper P. Biggley. Marland has been seen on Broadway in shows such as Newsies, Jekyll & Hyde and Beauty and the Beast. The roles of Bud Frump will be played by Joshua Morgan, who most recently appeared on Broadway in Les Miserables. Ryann Redmond is taking on the role of Smitty. She has appeared on Broadway in shows such as If/Then and Bring It On: The Musical. Redmond was also part of the first national tour that came through Houston appearing on the TUTS stage in 2012.
The cast is rounded out by Beth Crandall, Allyson Carr, Sara Gallo, Casey Garvin, Laura Henning, Wonza Johnson, Patrick Oliver Jones, Graham Keen, Logan Keslar, Kenway Kua, Ian Paget, Will Porter, Riza Takahashi, Clifton Samuels, Chelsea Stavis, Karl Warden and Brittany Zeinstra.
Faces familiar to the TUTS audience include Keslar, who has appeared in more than 15 productions with TUTS and on Broadway in shows such as the Tony-award-winning revival of La Cage Aux Folles, and Stavis who most recently appeared on the TUTS stage in Heathers: The Musical. Warden, who was also in the Tony-award-winning revival of La Cage Aux Folles, appeared in the live recording of The Sound of Music on NBC and in the Broadway revival of How ToSucceed In Business Without Really Trying. Henning performed for six seasons as a Rockette, played Cassandra in the Cats national tour, and has been in numerous regional shows including Camelot, Spamalot, Oliver!, Mary Poppins, and Victor/Victoria with TUTS.
Crandall has appeared in productions including West Side Story – Broadway and the national tour – and the national tour of Wonderful Town. Both Gallo and Zeinstra recently appeared in the production of Mamma Mia! at The Muny. Takahashi, who also appeared at The Muny, in Mamma Mia! and in a production of The King and I, appeared on Broadway in Waterfall. Kua has appeared in a number of Broadway productions including Wicked and Hair. Johnson has quite a few regional theater credits including Aida, Mamma Mia! and Hairspray. Paget's Broadway credits include Leap of Faith and Mamma Mia!
Carr appeared on Broadway in Mamma Mia! and, more recently, in Standard Time at The Duke on 42nd. Jones has appeared in touring productions of The Addams Family and Evita, as well as on television in shows such as "Blue Bloods" and "Law & Order: Criminal Intent". Samuels has a number of Broadway and tour credits including Amazing Grace, Follies and A Chorus Line. Keen's credits include the national touring companies of Young Frankenstein and The Music Man. Garvin has appeared on Broadway in Bullets Over Broadway and, most recently, in Disaster! Porter has appeared in a number of national tours including Cats, A Chorus Line and Cabaret.
The Theatre Under The Stars production of How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying is possible thanks to the generous support of Northwestern Mutual. Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital is the Official Healthcare Partner of Theatre Under The Stars. United Airlines is the official airline partner of Theatre Under The Stars. KTRK ABC13 is the official Media Partner of Theatre Under The Stars.
For more information and to purchase tickets, please visit www.tuts.com. Theatre Under The Stars is a 501c3 Non Profit Organization.
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Snapchat's parent company bought a web-based 3D game engine startup out of the UK this past May, Business Insider (paywalled) reports. PlayCanvas is a development tool focused on letting people easily design rich 3D environments.
Let's celebrate this year's GDC with a new astonishing pack of sounds effects for games, films and other projects from Sonniss. Free of charge! You can use the pack for commercial projects, so grab it and start creating!


text:
Burmese Artists
Singapore-Based Artists
Events & Press
Myint Myint Tin
Born in 1944, Myint Myint Tin went through the high expectations of newly independent Burma and the harshness of the Military junta's years.
Trained in Physics, she studied art under Saya Gyi U Lun Gywe. Through her own artistic practice, as a patron of the arts and founder of her own gallery she created in 1991, she has always followed her dreams.
At 73, Myint Myint Tin remains very active and recently participated in Intersections' Through Women' Eyes 2014 exhibition and When Blood Boils show at Art Stage Singapore 2017.
Most recently, she was featured in a brief 15 minute documentary, The Lives of Women in the Arts, by Burmese director Mie Mie. Learn more from the Myanmar Times.
34 Kandahar street,
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