Once You Find A Garage You Like, Stay With It.
You probably think of your vehicle as one of the best things in your life because you need it to to go places. Do you want to learn more about caring for it? If this sounds like you, then this article is going to teach you what to do if you need some simple maintenance done.
You do not have to call a mechanic every time you are having car trouble. Some car repairs are easy to do yourself. It's possible to find the information you need online. Simple repairs that do not require special tools can be done by yourself, and can save you money.
Check with your mechanic to see of they have experience working with the make of your vehicle. While all cars have the same basic components, there no data are big differences as to how they are attached and located under the hood. If you're not comfortable with your mechanic working on your car, take it to the dealer instead.
Do not forget about your windshield wiper blades. You need new windshield wipers if the ones you have are making noises and leaving streaks on the glass. Wiper blades should be replaced at a minimum of once per year, or more than that if you reside in a particularly wet climate.
Learn all you can about your car and its parts. Parts can be new, refurbished, or salvaged. Obviously, "New" components are those recently created. "Re-manufactered, rebuilt and reconditioned" are parts that are restored to a good working condition. Salvage parts are used.
If someone claims the parts they sell last a lifetime, run away. When mechanics use this claim, they are usually just trying to get you to spend more money unnecessarily. As an example, some vehicles come with transmission fluid marked as "lifetime". While you don't have to change this a lot, you need to be sure it's changed about every 80,000 miles.
After fixing the brakes but before you test drive it, bleed the brakes. After you do this you should pump your brake fluid. Make sure there are no leaks causing you to lose valuable brake fluid. Now you can take your car out for a test drive on roads with light traffic. Start slowly so you can make sure your repairs went well.
Consistency is important when dealing with auto repair shops. no data Once you find a garage you like, stay with it. You may get different diagnoses of your car's issues if you go to different places. They could also charge you more; don't let this happen.
If you are concerned about someone having your back when auto repair is needed, look into AAA. AAA is beneficial in times where you need a tow or have to face repair shops You can often find discounts on an annual AAA membership if you shop around.
As mentioned earlier, it is important to take good care of your vehicle. By learning the simplest maintenance, such as performing your own oil changes, you can save a lot of cash. Use this information the next time your vehicle is acting funny.
This entry was posted in Auto Service & Repair and tagged Transmission Repair on August 5, 2016 by Edward Patterson.
Newer Cars Almost Always Have Them.
If you own a car, you understand how often car trouble can occur. Once you learn a few things about the auto repair game, saving money and reducing stress become simpler. Use all the advice this article has provided you with. It will come in handy the next time your car breaks down.
Ensure you regularly inspect your radiator. Let the car idle for a short period first, but only long enough to let the fluid circulate. Be careful not to open your radiator if the car's running. Look to see what the fluid level is (use a dipstick), and remember that coolant needs to have a bit of water added prior to entering your radiator.
It is a good idea to familiarize yourself well with your car's manual. Do not hesitate to let your mechanic know about what you learned from the owner's manual. The manual could also help you figure out a simple solution to a problem that you are having.
Every time your car is repaired, regardless of how minor the problem was, make sure you keep a record. If further issues develop later, the mechanic may want to see the historical documentation of what has already been done. If you do not no data have documentation, you may have duplicate services performed.
Do not leave any items in your vehicle if you are taking it to be repaired. The mechanic may find that these things get in the way and they may get misplaced to where they cannot be located later. Remove all items from your trunk too.
Look no data out for signs that your mechanic isn't very good. If you have trouble getting a straight answer out of them, (or if, even worse, they refuse to answer questions to your satisfaction) they probably aren't the kind of people you want to work with. Since it is important to trust the person who is repairing your car, don't hesitate to look elsewhere for a person to repair your vehicle.
You need a spare tire and jack with you all the time. Newer cars almost always have them. The cost of a tow for a flat isn't worth it! It's cheaper and easier to do it by yourself.
You may want to get your car repaired by a person who does work out of their own garage. You can usually find lower prices if you go through mechanics that are not affiliated with a franchise. This can save you a lot of money, and at the same time, help out a small auto shop instead of letting a big shop profit.
Talk to your friends about their auto repair experiences before choosing a repair shop. Your family and friends may have a few recommendations for you that will make your search much easier. After they give you the recommendations, be sure to research them. Check online reviews at the very least.
No one enjoys dealing with mechanical issues when it comes to cars. And they can cost a lot of money. When you do your homework on auto repair and use the tips from this article, you can avoid breaking the bank.
This entry was posted in Auto Service & Repair and tagged Brake Repair on August 5, 2016 by Edward Patterson.
If You Need Some Advice About Car Repairs, Read On.
When dealing with car repairs, you might feel inadequate and you're completely lost and frustrated. If so, you can change that. Continue to read to gain more knowledge on car repairs so you can control the situation next time you have issues.
Check for A.S.E. certification before you choose a mechanic. This certification guarantees that the mechanic has been tested and has more than two years of experience. This means a top professional is doing your repairs.
Be mindful whether additional repairs recommended are really necessary. A reputable mechanic will let you know when they see something else wrong with your vehicle and they'll give you options as to how to proceed. Avoid mechanics that have previously done work without your go ahead.
Make sure you are receiving OEM parts. OEM parts are parts that are made by the manufacturer. It's cheaper to get the generic parts, but the quality may not be the same. Getting a good deal on generic parts means you might have to purchase the same parts again and pay a mechanic to change them within the next few years.
Before you actually take your car to a mechanic, try to assess what the problem is first. This will save you a great deal of money and protect you against fraud. You probably already know that certain mechanics will come with lies to charge more money.
Try finding a reliable mechanic who works from their own garage. If they possess sufficient experience, they can typically do jobs for far less cost. This can help you save money but make sure that they have a good reputation.
Ask for labor rates or prices before hiring a mechanic. There are many unscrupulous mechanics who are not upfront about their costs no data and policies. You should understand how you are billed by your mechanic. Some shops have estimated repair times that are established by specific manufacturers. Other shops may charge an inflated rate for a minor repair that should be done within a shorter period of time.
Wash your car all winter long. Although you may feel like the car just gets dirty again right after cleaning it, the winter weather is harsh on your vehicle. Road salt and sand cause no data rust and abrasion. After washing your car, dry it thoroughly to prevent ice formation.
Remember that DIY auto repair may be quite dangerous. Always have someone close at hand to help you in case of emergency. Purchase good quality tools that you do not have to worry about breaking. This is especially true of your tire changing equipment. A good quality jack is very important, particularly since you will be under the vehicle. Therefore a quality hydraulic floor jack combined with sturdy jack stands will keep you safe.
Before you go to a mechanic, become educated on the classification of standard car parts. Parts can be classified as salvaged, rebuilt, reconditioned, and re-manufactured, and new. New parts are the ones that you want to have installed on your vehicles. Refurbished or rebuilt parts means that these parts have been restored. "Salvage" means that the parts are used and lack alteration.
Watch out for the type of shop that will take off your good tires and put old ones on. They prey on the ignorant, those who don't pay much attention to their car. Marking your tires with chalk before taking the tires to be rotated is a good idea. If the chalk isn't present when you get the car, you've been had.
You now know what you need to succeed with auto repairs. Keep your car running in tip-top shape, and avoid any dishonest mechanics. If you need some advice about car repairs, read on.
This entry was posted in Auto Service & Repair and tagged Brake Repair on August 4, 2016 by Edward Patterson.
The Advice In This Article Will Teach You How.
It can be very expensive to repair a car. This requires purchasing car parts and paying an auto shop for repairs. It would be wonderful if you could do all these repairs on your own, without the need of an auto shop? The advice in this article will teach you how.
Bring a battery charger with you in your trunk. This is a common cause of breakdowns, and carrying a charger helps other drivers as well as yourself. Take a few minutes to learn how to use it properly before you get in a situation where you need to use it.
You might not no data need a mechanic to fix your car problem. Some repairs are easy to make. It's possible to find the information you need online. If the job is not too complicated, you will save money by attempting the repairs yourself.
If you think your headlines are not as bright as usual, inspect them for cleanliness. Sometimes there is a residue that covers them from the streets and that can make them dirty so they cannot put out enough light. Use a reputable glass cleaner to get the job done efficiently.
Always have a repair kit located in your car; you can put one together yourself. You're going to need to have some tire changing tools in this kit at the very least. Make sure you have a wrench that can loosen the lug nuts on your tires. Also, it is wise to have screwdrivers, a ratchet set, Phillips head screwdrivers and wrenches. Never buy really cheap tools. Buy quality ones that you are sure won't fail when you really need them.
Never go with the first estimate you receive. The shop you've gone to may be trying to rip you off. Look for mechanics that know the ins and outs of your car. These places probably have a better understanding of what you're going to need done to your vehicle.
Do not use all kinds of extra key chains with your keys. The ignition can't support too much weight. If you have a key that's sticking, then you are going to have to replace your tumblers and then get rid of your fun keychains.
Consider taking pictures of all areas of your vehicle before you bring it in to be repaired at an auto body shop. Though most shops won't strip a car, others do it to make more money. Therefore, documenting your vehicle can help you identify stolen items in case this were to happen to you.
Make sure you become knowledgeable on standard car-part classifications before visiting a mechanic. There are new parts, refurbished parts, and salvaged parts. New parts are exactly as they sound. They are brand new and created to the specifications of the manufacturer. If you are offered parts that are reconditioned or rebuilt, this means that they have been re-manufactured so that they are like new. Salvaged parts have been used and have not been restored in any way.
Every car needs repairs some time. Of course, you don't need to no data hire a mechanic for every repair. It is possible to do your own repairs. The following tips should help you get started.
They May Just Be Trying To Jack Your Price Up.
If you own a car, you know how terrifying it can be for your car to break down. You have the choice of spending a no data lot for a to a mechanic to fix it or expend lots of time and energy doing the work yourself. Both of these are a pain in the neck, but this article can ease the pain a bit.
You want to be sure that the mechanic working on your vehicle is A.S.E certified. This indicates passage of written testing and experience of no less than two years. You will then know that you are dealing with a trained professional.
Keep a good battery charger on hand at all times. Dead batteries are common, and a good battery charger will come in handy more than once. Learn to locate the points where you should connect the battery charger on your car.
Prior to handing over your keys, be sure you have a good idea of the repair cost. If you need clarification, ask the service advisor for additional information before repairs commence. If you do not communicate with your mechanic, you might be surprised with additional fees once you receive your bill.
You don't always need a repair-person for your car troubles. Quite a few automotive issues can be done no data yourself. If you're feeling lucky, look online to figure out the problem. If it is a simple fix, you can usually do it yourself.
Get to know your owner's manual, or take the time to note important information. When you show up to a mechanic's shop, you are going to have to explain some information about your car. You might even find some easy solutions for the issues you have been encountering.
Independent mechanics can be great. If they're experienced then they probably can do quality work and they don't charge a lot either. You may save a lot of money by going down this route.
Some auto shops have even been known to replace your tires with older models. This lets them profit from your loss. Before visiting the shop, use chalk to mark your tires. If the marks are gone when you get your vehicle back, you have probably been swindled.
Don't allow auto mechanics to persuade you that getting an engine flushed is normal maintenance. It's a costly process which is unnecessary unless you're abusing your car.
Don't buy any parts that come with a promise of lasting a lifetime. They may just be trying to jack your price up. A common example is a car that has "lifetime" transmission fluid. While this does not need to be changed as often as typical fluid, you should still change it every 80,000 miles or so.
Many people don't actually read their car manual. But, reading it can give you a lot of helpful information. Your manual has all that you should know when it comes to maintaining your car and doing minor repairs yourself.
Your vehicle can be repaired more easily with the right amount of knowledge. These tips can really help when you need a better auto repair experience. Your car will receive better repair work and you will be happier.
This entry was posted in Auto Service & Repair and tagged Auto Repair Shop on August 2, 2016 by Edward Patterson.


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My father Nicola, emigrated to the United States in December 1965. He came to live with his brothers and sisters who had already established themselves in Flushing, New York. In September of 1967 he traveled back to his hometown of Mola di Bari, Italy, where he met my mother Rosa. They married in Mola di Bari in August 1968 and they both returned to Flushing/Queens, New York to begin their lives together. My father an electrician by trade, grew up working on the family farm. There wasn't much industry in southern Italy at the time and work on the farm was incredibly hard and unpredictable. My father knew that he didn't want to work the family farm for the rest of his life and so he came to New York in search of work and a new life. My parents brought with them, many Italian traditions. But, the one I am most proud of was our Italian vegetable garden.
In 1973 my parents bought a Cape Cod style home in the Auburndale section of Flushing, where they resided with my younger brother Anthony and myself. When my brother and I were kids, we weren't always fond of the garden. On hot summer days, we would begrudgingly watch our neighbors swim in their big beautiful pool in their perfectly manicured backyard and wonder why we couldn't have the same. Our backyard, besides a covered porch and a small patch of grass, was entirely covered with vegetation. Some friends and neighbors would jokingly refer to it as a "jungle." Our family was very different from all the others living on our block. Besides one other family, we were the only ones that spoke a different language, had different customs and certainly were the only ones with a backyard that looked the way it did. It wasn't until years later that we realized how lucky we were and still are, to have a father that is so dedicated to providing his family with the freshest of fruits and vegetables.
The process of growing his vegetables would begin in the month of February. My father had a system all set up in one of the rooms of our basement where the boiler was located. He would set up a table and rigged a system of growing lights to hang over it. He would start growing his plants from seeds in pots. The plants had light and the warmth of the boiler, the perfect environment for the seeds to grow. The plants that took the longest to grow were the peppers (peperoni), eggplant (melenzane), celery and parsley therefore, those were the first plants he would start. The seeds for the peppers, plum tomatoes and swiss chard were my grandfather's original seeds dating back about a hundred years and brought back to New York via Alitalia, hidden in my father's pockets.
In the early spring and summer months, my father would return from a hard days work to sit under the shade of his grape vines and unwind with a cold beer. Afterwards, he would immediately disappear into the 30 foot x 30 foot garden to water, weed and prune. He would fill watering cans for my brother and I so we could feel like we were of some help too. Growing in the garden was a multitude of fresh herbs such as parsley, basil, rosemary and mint. The aromas in the kitchen when my mother cooked were amazing. She would often send me into the garden to pick the herbs or vegetables that she needed for whatever it was she would be cooking at that time. At an early age, I knew how to differentiate all the herbs and vegetable plants; a skill not many kids my age had! Growing in the garden you could also find string beans, plum tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, chicory, carrots, celery, fava beans and peas. Surrounding the garden were fruit trees that bore the most delectable fruits. We had a peach tree that my brother would often climb, pears, apples, figs and persimmons.
There are so many Italians that have gardens like ours, but what I believe sets my father apart from the others are his very creative and ingenious methods of gardening. For instance, he had fashioned his own greenhouse that was framed with electrician's pipe and covered with plastic. It was complete with a thermostat, heat and an exhaust system. If the greenhouse got too cold, the heat would automatically turn on and if was too hot the exhaust fan would let out the heat. Another example of his ingenuity is how he maintains his artichokes, a perennial plant, so that the plant can survive the cold winter and be harvested in the spring. Most other gardeners in the northeast will reseed the plant every year and will harvest in the fall being that that plant typically will take about six months before it's able to bear artichokes. He does this by protecting the plant from freezing in the cold winter. He creates a "Greenhouse" type of environment. He will frame the artichoke bed and cover it with a double layer of plastic covering. He has a fan blowing air between the layers of plastic creating a bubble, thereby allowing wind to ergonomically blow over the plastic. This system prevents the plastic from being destroyed by strong winds, heavy rains and snow. It keeps the plants safe and warm throughout the winter.
Of course, like so many other Italians, we would make our own tomato sauce and wine with our harvests. My mother would also jar sundried tomatoes (pomodori sotto olio), peppers, pears, peaches and homemade marmalades. In 1992 my father with the help of my Uncle Giovanni, excavated underneath our porch and built a 23 foot X 7 ½ foot cold storage room that could be accessed through a room in our basement.
Eventually, our backyard became too small for my father. He took an interest in the North Fork of Long Island and purchased an 8½-acre lot that he rented to potato farmers, keeping a large section for him. Every weekend, he would drive about an hour and a half, to get to his mini farm in Aquebogue. He would leave early Saturday morning and return home when it was dark with a carload full of his harvests. He would unload all the bags in the kitchen. Sometimes also bringing home a lizard or two that were along for the ride much to my amusement as the chase was on to catch the little buggers. Sunday mornings he would take that long ride right back out there. We would all go there as a family and enjoy the hot summer days on the farm and then would head to the nearby beach to cool off. The garden/mini farm was visible from the road. Local farmers would joke with him and say that his gardening abilities put theirs to shame.
The North Fork is home to many farms and wine vineyards. It was love at first sight and would serve as a great place for my parents to retire to. They eventually purchased a home in nearby Mattituck in 2001. The new mini farm is now 125 feet X 125 feet, is complete with a decent sized green house, and is enclosed by a fence to protect it from hungry animals. He now has room to grow just about anything he wants to. His greenhouse is home to 17 lemon trees! There are pumpkin and watermelon patches. This summer we counted 22 watermelons, one weighing in at a whopping 30 pounds!
There is nothing like the farm to table freshness that comes from growing your own fruits and vegetables. I guess you can say that we are all a little spoiled. When I walk through the produce aisle in the grocery store and look at all the wax covered fruits and veggies that were probably picked a month ago, my stomach turns just a little. My brother and I are both married now with families of our own. We each have small gardens in our yards. My husband Peter and my brother's wife Samantha have really taken an interest in learning from my dad's expertise. My daughters Julia and Daniela and my brother's sons Nicholas and Franco are so very lucky to be growing up eating fortifying foods straight from the ground. They love walking and frolicking through the garden and stopping to eat a tomato or peas from the pod, then continue playing. Although we may never have the devotion and passion that my father has, it is so important that we keep the tradition and preserve his legacy for our children and generations to come.
-Story contributed by Pasqua Girani.
My dad Nicola with my brother Anthony, 1977.
My mom, Rosa Ranieri, in the garden.
My father Nicola on his family farm in Italy.


Almost three weeks ago my article Manchester Airport - the concrete shadow spreads was published on The Ecologist website. Construction projects connected to Manchester Airport: an Enterprise Zone, a 9,000 space car park and a link road to the airport encroach on green space, including land that was formerly designated as 'green belt', a buffer area to prevent urban sprawl over remaining countryside. Here are the main issues raised in the article, and more photos.
Manchester Airport Enterprise Zone consists of multiple sites, and the aim is to provide warehouse and office space for firms that are dependent on air services, boosting air traffic. Businesses will be given substantial tax breaks, in particular a business rate discount of £275,000 for each eligible business over a five year period. No doubt firms will move to the Enterprise Zone for the tax breaks, and jobs will be relocated rather than created. If the Enterprise Zone falters, failing to attract sufficient tenants, there may well be pressure to extend government preferential treatment for it.
I visited the site of the World Logistics Hub development, the southernmost site of the Enterprise Zone. Earthworks were underway, with recent flooding indicating just how challenging drainage will be. Hedgerows and trees, including oak trees, were being felled. This is not the first incidence of felling oak trees. In March 2013, centuries old trees were destroyed to make way for the World Logistics Hub. The trees were removed even though it was the nesting season, so birds' eggs might have been destroyed as well.
A new 9,000 space car park, to serve Manchester Airport, is being built on Moss Nook, green space at the end of a runway that was previously a 'public safety zone', with development restricted to minimise the number of people in the area as most air accidents occur at landing or take off. Again, you can see the aftermath of recent heavy rains with flooding in the area. Planes fly low over fields and houses. If a plane should crash here, or in the event of a runway excursion, the explosion risk from the aircraft would be compounded by collision with thousands of cars' petrol tanks.
A new road, a 10 kilometre stretch of dual carriageway between Manchester Airport and the A6 at Hazel Grove, is planned. The road would increase traffic pollution and cut through green space, including green belt land, in three local authority areas: Manchester, Stockport and Cheshire East. Already, Stockport Council has granted planning permission in spite of vigorous opposition from residents including letters of objection and a petition with more than 2,200 signatures. The road is presented as a 'relief road', a scheme to ease traffic congestion, but the real purpose is to enable growth at Manchester Airport. The campaign group PAULA (Poynton Against Unnecessary Link-Roads To The Airport) has highlighted the environmental damage that would result, including to a 1,000 year old bluebell wood.
The car park and 'relief' road show that the airport's expansion plan prioritises motor vehicles, but a cycle path running adjacent to the link road will provide thin veneer of green garnish. Cycling alongside a dual carriageway, breathing in high concentrations of traffic fumes is not appealing. Airport passengers, carrying heavy suitcases, will not make much use of it. All but the lightest types of air freight will be transport by truck, not by bicycle.
The entire airport centric development, the Enterprise Zone, car park and new road, supporting increasing traffic at Manchester Airport and aviation dependent firms, and increasing road traffic, is incompatible with Manchester City Council's commitment to building a low carbon economy. Developments of this kind work against efforts to meet the target of reducing emissions by 48 per cent by 2020.
"Manchester Airport encroaches on green space" is positive effort.I have read lots of writings about such expansion plans. Expansions are need of the hour but green areas should not be sacrificed. Car Parking Manchester would be improved by planing multistory car parkings.
Not a good idea. Leave the green areas alone. Jim for one is all for needed expansion but without any harm to the environment.


text:
'Big Brother' Star JC Mounduix Defends His Controversial Behavior: 'I'm Not a Pervert'
By Nicholas Hautman
JC Monduix in the Big Brother house. Monty Brinton/CBS
JC Mounduix called himself the puppet master of Big Brother season 20, but his ruthless gameplay was not the only thing that made headlines. The professional dancer came under fire multiple times throughout the summer for his controversial behavior toward his fellow houseguests, which he defended during an interview after the finale on Wednesday, September 26.
'Big Brother' Controversies Through the Years
"I can be a lot of things, but I'm not a pervert. I can tell you that," the 28-year-old told Entertainment Weekly. "I hope these things don't escalate. … Just don't magnify drama, how I like to call it."
Live-feed viewers called out Mounduix on Twitter for several inappropriate incidents, including when he placed an ice cream scooper on his housemates' genitals, said the N-word, misused #MeToo, asked Rachel Swindler whether she was transgender, held open the door while Haleigh Broucher used the bathroom and kissed a sleeping Tyler Crispen's armpit.
'Big Brother' Showmances Through the Years
In response to his actions with runner-up Crispen, the Miami native told the magazine, "We were really close in the house. I was having nightmares all the time. I would have the girls and guys talk with me and patting me. Tyler was sleeping and he was making sounds that he never does, and I was like, 'Babe, it's gonna be OK.' I was in the middle of my sleep. I pulled his bandana down so he could sleep and I gave him a kiss on his shoulder. … Honestly, I don't even remember that much. You know, we were super friends and super close."
As for the Broucher scandal, Mounduix said, "I was walking up to the bathroom and always when I'm getting close to the door, I go, 'Knock-knock,' and people say 'No.' But she didn't answer. … So I opened and she screamed. So I'm like, 'Oh, you wanna play this game?'"
Most Tumultuous Relationships in Reality TV History
The reality star insisted that the college student, 21, was fully clothed. "That's why I left it open," he said. "If I would have noticed at any point she was being a little bit naked or something … I would never leave that door open. I told her, and she was completely dressed. She scared me, and I just wanted to [do a] prank."
Big Brother executive producers Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan said in a statement to Us Weekly in August that they reviewed footage of Mounduix's behavior after "the expression of viewer concerns." They said they spoke with Broucher and Crispen, 23, about the incidents and the duo "in no way felt threatened, unsafe or sexually harassed." The producers assured fans that the "safety and security of our houseguests is and will continue to be our top priority."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Downtown Specific Plan lays out out the City's vision and priorities for the future of Downtown Oakland. We have been closely following the plan as it has progressed for over two years and have been actively engaged in the process, participating in the Community Advisory Group and attending many workshops and meetings to help shape the collective vision. Unfortunately, the recreation center and future recreation are not included in the report and future vision. We need your help to fix this.
Specifically mention the need for a new Recreation Center at Lincoln Square Park in the plan. This has long been a City priority in our Capital Improvement Plan, though there is no mention of it in the draft Plan report.
Acknowledge recreational needs for downtown Oakland. Current language focuses on parks, open space and nature, but we desperately need space for active recreation for people of all ages is critical to a healthy, vibrant, downtown community as well.
Ensure Chinatown Parks benefit from any incentives or community benefits programs developed downtown. The current draft excludes Chinatown as a neighborhood beneficiary, even though Lincoln Square Park will be disproportionately impacted and Chinatown equity issues are highlighted in the plan. Chinatown and the Lincoln Square Park Recreation center should be included as neighborhood priorities on page 293.
Prioritize investment in existing parks and open space over new parks and open space. The draft plan calls for two new "Green Loops," and new pocket parks, but does not prioritize addressing the dire state of existing park and recreation facilities. Note that the Plan Options Report (Nov 2018) states in a tradeoff analysis that the Green Loops "Could result in reduced levels of public realm investments elsewhere in the city if public realm improvements for the West Oakland Walk and Green Loop are funded through the city's existing limited Capital Improvement funds." (p. 96). We must invest in facilities current residents use, not only create new amenities for new residents.
Thank you for taking the time to read through the draft plan and advocate on behalf of Oakland's parks. By advocating for these priorities, you can help make sure that downtown Oakland is a place where everyone belongs. Again we urge you to speak up as a Commission and submit public comments in writing to the City of Oakland as soon a possible.
Please contact Tiffany Eng, Co-Chair of our Steering Committee hidekoeng@gmail.com if you would like to discuss these comments in depth. Our detailed notes for the City of Oakland is attached for your reference.


text:
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Copyright 2011 Microsoft Corporation
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Management.CloudService.Model
{
    using System.Linq;
    using System;
    using System.Management.Automation;
    using Services;
    using Management.Services;
    using WAPPSCmdlet;
    using Properties;

    /// <summary>
    /// Change deployment status to running or suspended.
    /// </summary>
    public class DeploymentStatusManager : DeploymentServiceManagementCmdletBase
    {
        public DeploymentStatusManager() { }

        public DeploymentStatusManager(IServiceManagement channel)
        {
            Channel = channel;
        }

        public string Status
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = false, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true, HelpMessage = "Service name.")]
        public string ServiceName
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = false, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true, HelpMessage = "Deployment slot. Staging | Production")]
        public string Slot
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        [Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = false, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true, HelpMessage = "Subscription name")]
        public string Subscription
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public virtual string SetDeploymentStatusProcess(string rootPath, string newStatus, string slot, string subscription, string serviceName)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(subscription))
            {
                var globalComponents = GlobalComponents.Load(GlobalPathInfo.GlobalSettingsDirectory);
                CurrentSubscription = globalComponents.Subscriptions.Values.First(
                    sub => sub.SubscriptionName == subscription);
            }

            string result = CheckDeployment(newStatus, serviceName, slot);
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(result))
            {
                SetDeployment(newStatus, serviceName, slot);
                var deploymentStatusCommand = new GetDeploymentStatus(Channel) { ShareChannel = ShareChannel, CurrentSubscription = CurrentSubscription };
                deploymentStatusCommand.WaitForState(newStatus, rootPath, serviceName, slot, CurrentSubscription.SubscriptionName);
            }

            return result;
        }

        private string CheckDeployment(string status, string serviceName, string slot)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;

            try
            {
                var deployment = RetryCall(s => Channel.GetDeploymentBySlot(s, serviceName, slot));

                // Check to see if the service is in transitioning state
                //
                if (deployment.Status != DeploymentStatus.Running && deployment.Status != DeploymentStatus.Suspended)
                {
                    result = string.Format(Resources.ServiceIsInTransitionState, slot, serviceName, deployment.Status);
                }
                // Check to see if user trying to stop an already stopped service or
                // starting an already starting service
                //
                else if (deployment.Status == DeploymentStatus.Running && status == DeploymentStatus.Running ||
                    deployment.Status == DeploymentStatus.Suspended && status == DeploymentStatus.Suspended)
                {
                    result = string.Format(Resources.DeploymentAlreadyInState, slot, serviceName, status);
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                // If we reach here that means the service or slot doesn't exist
                //
                result = string.Format(Resources.ServiceSlotDoesNotExist, serviceName, slot);
            }

            return result;
        }

        private void SetDeployment(string status, string serviceName, string slot)
        {
            var updateDeploymentStatus = new UpdateDeploymentStatusInput
            {
                Status = status
            };

            InvokeInOperationContext(() => RetryCall(s => Channel.UpdateDeploymentStatusBySlot(
                s,
                serviceName,
                slot,
                updateDeploymentStatus)));
        }

        protected override void ProcessRecord()
        {
            try
            {
                base.ProcessRecord();
                string serviceName;
                var rootPath = GetServiceRootPath();
                ServiceSettings settings = GetDefaultSettings(rootPath, ServiceName, Slot, null, null, Subscription, out serviceName);
                SetDeploymentStatusProcess(rootPath, Status, settings.Slot, settings.Subscription, serviceName);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                SafeWriteError(new ErrorRecord(ex, string.Empty, ErrorCategory.CloseError, null));
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Randonnée, the big new ski trend in Norway, is a lot of fun. Here are some things to keep in mind to ensure your hike to the top of the mountain is a good one.
A new form of skiing has arrived in the Norwegian mountains, and its name is randonnée. Skiing enthusiasts feeling the pull of summits are leaving their mountain skis behind and buying randonnée skis and boots for a whole new approach to their upward climbs.
Randonnée equipment allows for easier ascents and swift downhill rides – a fun way to experience the mountains. However, there are some safety precautions to keep in mind before heading out.
At the web site Varsom.no you will find up-to-date avalanche forecasts put together by Nordahl and his colleagues. You can also find an avalanche map based on steep areas of Norway over at NGI.
In the event of an avalanche, it's wise to come prepared with the right equipment and training. A good tip is to learn about safety from a randonnée instructor. For instance, instructor Ørjan Venaas in Gjendesheim also offers courses in saving hiking buddies that have been caught under the snow.
"Buddy rescue is what saves lives in the event of an accident in the mountains", he says to Norwegian broadcaster NRK.
At the ski resort in Hemsedal, you will also find safety classes coupled with their randonnée courses.
Here, you learn to spot the avalanche warning signs, and also o use avalanche beacons that signal your position in the event of an avalanche. Other essential equipment includes a snow shovel and an avalanche probe.
Christin Oldebråten of the Norwegian hiking blog Turjenter has written extensively on randonnée. Amongst her reminders is the importance of randonnée boot size.
Other essentials according to Oldebråten is a helmet ("useful for when you fall and hit your head on a rock"), slalom glasses and specialized straps to keep your skis from escaping if you drop them on a steep climb.
Get a professional instructor to help you to best ensure that you get the most out of your randonnée gear.
Take bindings. You should seek assistance in making sure that their DIN value is set correctly, thus ensuring that the force required for the tension release is not set too low or high. Especially in the last instance, some ugly accidents can occur, according to the ski blog Wild Snow.
Randonée usually happens off-piste and off the beaten path, and so demands more of individual skiers. With that in mind, the Norwegian mountain code (in this instance, especially bullet point number two) is essential.
Safe journeys to the top!
Remember that getting to the top is optional, but getting down is mandatory. Read up on how to stay safe when you are hiking in the Norwegian mountains.


The best option for Conveyor Roller manufacturing for small company | Kaiyuan Welding & Cutting Automation India Pvt. Ltd.
For conveyor roller manufacturing, there are four basic important procedures which are Pipe cutting, Both end boring, Welding of bearing housing and Bearing sealing assembly. One example shows here which is under installation & commissioning in India now.
From left to right in the image is 1) Pipe cutting machine, 2) Pipe both end boring machine, 3)bearing housing welding machine and 4) bearing & sealing assembly machine.
KAIYUAN provides four different machines for all the four procedures which are used worldwide and are very popular. More than 450 satisfied customers worldwide with 30 automated complete line installed and more than 3000 stand alone machines functioning all over the globe.
Suitable for pipe diameter from Ø76 – Ø159 and roller pipe length from 200mm to 2200mm.
Suitable for pipe diameter from Ø76 – Ø219 and roller pipe length from 200mm to 2600mm.
With only these four basic machines, you can start your business easily and produce high quality conveyor rollers.
KAIYUAN India expert team offer on-site training to operators and support as part of the system.
KAIYUAN India will work jointly to support you to select the high quality suppliers for roller components such as different type of bearing housing and sealing.
After sales support will be provided from KAIYUAN Pune.
All machines are available at Pune demo center. Enthusiasts are welcome for live demo.
We believe that the idler roller manufacturing segment will change both in productivity and quality in the near future in India.


text:
from __future__ import print_function, division
import sys
from serial import Serial
from trackmaster import raw

MIN_SPEED = 0.2
MAX_SPEED = 15
MAX_INCLINE = 25

class Treadmill(object):
    def __init__(self, port, verbose=False):
        """Interface to Trackmaster treadmill.

        Parameters
        ----------
        port : str
            The port at which with treadmill is connected.
            On Linux, likely to be ``/dev/ttyUSB0``.
        verbose : bool, optional
            If `True`, print input and output to treadmill.

        Attributes
        ----------
        device : |Serial|
            The |Serial| device representing the connection to the treadmill.
        speed : float
            The belt speed, in mph. Min is 0.2, max is 15.
            Changes will be reflected on the treadmill.
        incline : float
            The treadmill incline, in %. Min is 0, max is 25.
            Changes will be reflected on the treadmill.
        belt_running : bool
            Whether the belt is running.
            Not writable.
        verbose : bool

        """
        self.device = Serial(port, baudrate=4800, timeout=0.5)
        self.verbose = verbose
        self._speed = self.get_set_speed()
        self._incline = self.get_set_incline()

    @property
    def speed(self):
        return self._speed

    @property
    def incline(self):
        return self._incline

    @speed.setter
    def speed(self, value):
        rounded_speed = round(value, 1)

        if rounded_speed > MAX_SPEED:
            warn('Too fast! Setting speed to {} mph instead.'.format(MAX_SPEED))
            rounded_speed = MAX_SPEED

        if rounded_speed < MIN_SPEED:
            warn('Too slow! Stopping belt instead. It will have to be restarted.')
            stop_after = True
            rounded_speed = MIN_SPEED
        else:
            stop_after = False

        ascii_speed = '{:04d}'.format(int(round(10 * rounded_speed)))
        self._command('3', data=ascii_speed)
        self._speed = rounded_speed

        if not self.belt_running:
            self.start_belt()

        if stop_after:
            self.stop_belt()

    @incline.setter
    def incline(self, value):
        rounded_incline = round(2 * value) / 2

        if rounded_incline > MAX_INCLINE:
            warn('Too steep! Setting incline to {}% instead.'.format(MAX_INCLINE))
            rounded_incline = MAX_INCLINE

        if rounded_incline < 0:
            warn('Incline cannot be negative. Setting incline to 0% instead.')
            rounded_incline = 0

        ascii_incline = '{:04d}'.format(int(round(10 * rounded_incline)))
        self._command('4', data=ascii_incline)
        self._incline = rounded_incline

    @property
    def belt_running(self):
        return self._status_request('0', 1) == 3

    def start_belt(self):
        """Start the belt."""
        self._command('1')

    def stop_belt(self):
        """Stop the belt."""
        self._command('2')

    def increment_speed(self, by=0.1):
        """Increase speed by 0.1 mph (or more).

        Parameters
        ----------
        by : float, optional
            Amount to increase speed by, in mph.
            Default and minimum is 0.1.

        """
        self.speed += by

    def decrement_speed(self, by=0.1):
        """Decrease speed by 0.1 mph (or more).

        Parameters
        ----------
        by : float, optional
            Amount to decrease speed by, in mph.
            Default and minimum is 0.1.

        """
        self.speed -= by

    def increment_incline(self, by=0.5):
        """Increase incline by 0.5% (or more).

        Parameters
        ----------
        by : float, optional
            Amount to increase incline by, in %.
            Default and minimum is 0.5.

        """
        self.incline += by

    def decrement_elevation(self, by=0.5):
        """Decrease incline by 0.5% (or more).

        Parameters
        ----------
        by : float, optional
            Amount to decrease incline by, in %.
            Default and minimum is 0.5.

        """
        self.incline -= by

    def auto_stop(self):
        """Immediately set speed and incline to 0."""
        self._command('A')

    def get_actual_speed(self):
        """Get the current belt speed.

        Returns
        -------
        float

        Note
        ----
        Does not seem to be very accurate/responsive.

        """
        response = self._status_request('1', 4)
        return response / 10

    def get_actual_elevation(self):
        """Get the current incline.

        Returns
        -------
        float

        Note
        ----
        Does not seem to be very accurate/responsive.

        """
        response = self._status_request('2', 4)
        return response / 10

    def get_set_speed(self):
        """Get the speed that the belt is currently set to.

        Returns
        -------
        float

        Notes
        -----
        Should only be necessary for troubleshooting.
        ``Treadmill.speed` should work for most use cases.

        """
        response = self._status_request('3', 4)
        self._speed = response / 10
        return self.speed

    def get_set_incline(self):
        """Get the incline that the treadmill is currently set to.

        Returns
        -------
        float

        Notes
        -----
        Should only be necessary for troubleshooting.
        ``Treadmill.incline`` should work for most use cases.

        """
        response = self._status_request('4', 4)
        self._incline = response / 10
        return self.incline

    def _command(self, code, data=''):
        raw.command(self.device, code, data=data, verbose=self.verbose)

    def _status_request(self, code, response_length):
        return int(raw.status_request(self.device, code, response_length, verbose=self.verbose))

def warn(*args, **kwargs):
    print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kwargs)


text:
def voteyes(tbot, user, channel, msg):
    if channel not in tbot.voteyes:
        tbot.msg(channel, "%s: there is not currently a vote in %s" % (user, channel))
    else:
        if (user not in tbot.voteyes[channel]) and (user not in tbot.voteno[channel]):
            tbot.voteyes[channel].append(user)
        else:
            tbot.msg(channel, "%s: you cannot vote twice" % user)
voteyes.rule="^!yes"

def voteno(tbot, user, channel, msg):
    if channel not in tbot.voteno:
        tbot.msg(channel, "%s: there is not currently a vote in %s" % (user, channel))
    else:
        if (user not in tbot.voteno[channel]) and (user not in tbot.voteyes[channel]):
            tbot.voteno[channel].append(user)
        else:
            tbot.msg(channel, "%s: you cannot vote twice" % user)
voteno.rule="^!no"

def finishvote(tbot, channel):
    tbot.voteyes[channel] = len(tbot.voteyes[channel])
    tbot.voteno[channel] = len(tbot.voteno[channel])
    tbot.msg(channel, "Vote finished: %s for, %s against" % (tbot.voteyes[channel], tbot.voteno[channel]))
    if tbot.voteyes[channel]>tbot.voteno[channel]:
        tbot.msg(channel, "Motion carried: %s" % tbot.vote[channel])
    else:
        tbot.msg(channel, "Motion denied: %s" % tbot.vote[channel])
    del tbot.vote[channel]
    del tbot.voteno[channel]
    del tbot.voteyes[channel]

def startvote(tbot, user, channel, msg):
    if not hasattr(tbot, "voteno"):
        tbot.voteno = {}
    if not hasattr(tbot, "voteyes"):
        tbot.voteyes = {}
    if not hasattr(tbot, "vote"):
        tbot.vote = {}
    if channel not in tbot.vote:
	    subject = msg.replace("!vote", "").strip()
	    tbot.voteno[channel] = []
	    tbot.voteyes[channel] = []
	    tbot.vote[channel] = subject
	    tbot.say(channel, "Starting a vote on: %s, you have 30 seconds to get your votes in with !yes or !no." % subject)
	    tbot.reactor.callLater(30, finishvote, tbot, channel)
    else:
	    tbot.say(channel, "Please wait until the current vote finishes")
startvote.rule="^!vote"


The title of this show came from one piece where you will see the suggestion of a person as if balanced on one foot leaning backwards, but it is also concerned with other kinds of balance; light, colour, line, shape. The 'Wave' pieces explore these idea using the golden ratio or Fibonacci sequence as the motif. These elements are a natural obsession for artists, but on a deeper psychological level balance (harmony?) is what many of us are trying to nurture. It has been both a challenge and a privilege to draw directly from dance recently, to somehow preserve and convey the sense of movement and the sequence of the dance in a 'still' painting.
I like the balance between the tall strength of the pine forest and the feeling of cosy "Sanctuary".


Programme content on the Saturday will usually consist of talks from guest speakers, small group work, reflection time and an Advent prayer service. The retreat ends with Mass on Sunday followed by lunch.
The Cost for the Weekend: £74. The cost of a retreat is reviewed annually.


Every so often asteroids pass by the Earth. Some pass close enough to see with a backyard telescope, while others require the use of special telescopes. What makes this asteroid very special? Read on to learn more about Florence the Asteroid.
In 1981 American astronomer Schelte John "Bobby" Bus discovered an Amor asteroid and named it Florence, after Florence Nightingale, the famed founder of modern nursing.
What makes an asteroid an Amor asteroid?
The asteroid's orbit must be outside the orbit of Earth.
The asteroid's orbit must not cross Earth's orbit.
When Florence passes by the Earth Sept. 1st, 2017 it will come within 4 million miles of our planet. Our moon averages about 238,855 miles away Earth. Therefore, the asteroid approaches us 16 times farther away than the moon. According to astronomers that distance is fairly close.
Astronomers hope to learn more about asteroids with the passing of Florence. Using ground based radar imaging in California and Puerto Rico, they hope to capture better images.
"The resulting radar images will show the real size of Florence and also could reveal surface details as small as about 30 feet (10 meters)," said NASA.
NASA states that every 2000 years an asteroid the size of a football field hits the planet and causes significant damage. With Florence sized at approximately 3 miles across, any impact would cause massive destruction on the Earth. Imagine 44 football fields end to end and you will begin to see the diameter of Florence. Consequently, if one football field causes significant damage, then a 3 mile asteroid would have 44 times the impact.
Between 2000 and 2013, sensors detected 26 explosions on Earth ranging in energy from one to 600 kilotonnes. To put the explosions in perspective, the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945 exploded with an energy impact of 15 kilotonnes.
While most of the asteroids exploded too high in the atmosphere to do serious damage on the ground, the evidence is important in estimating the frequency of a potential "city-killer-size" asteroid.
NASA tracks thousands of asteroids every year. It recently made plans to send an unmanned probe to asteroid 1999 RQ36. With the slight potential of hitting the Earth in 2175, NASA wants samples from the 1999 RQ36 to know what they are dealing with. This has the potential to hit the Earth on 78 different occasions as it passes from 2175 to 2199. The chances that it would hit us- 1 in 2700. The probe would get there in 2019 and return with samples by 2023.
With too many unknown answers scientists continue to study them with advanced equipment. If something does hit the Earth in 2175, we will not know regardless. It will take an advanced mind to figure out how to change its course as it orbits around us in space. Hopefully, whoever does figure out how to change the orbit will do it quickly before any one of these huge asteroids hits the Earth.
Aliens, Where are the they?


text:
In this project, you'll label the pixels of a road in images using a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN).

### Setup
##### GPU
`main.py` will check to make sure you are using GPU - if you don't have a GPU on your system, you can use AWS or another cloud computing platform.
##### Frameworks and Packages
Make sure you have the following is installed:
 - [Python 3](https://www.python.org/)
 - [TensorFlow](https://www.tensorflow.org/)
 - [NumPy](http://www.numpy.org/)
 - [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org/)

You may also need [Python Image Library (PIL)](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/) for SciPy's `imresize` function.

##### Dataset
Download the [Kitti Road dataset](http://www.cvlibs.net/datasets/kitti/eval_road.php) from [here](http://www.cvlibs.net/download.php?file=data_road.zip).  Extract the dataset in the `data` folder.  This will create the folder `data_road` with all the training a test images.

### Start
##### Implement
Implement the code in the `main.py` module indicated by the "TODO" comments.
The comments indicated with "OPTIONAL" tag are not required to complete.
##### Run
Run the following command to run the project:
```
python main.py
```
**Note:** If running this in Jupyter Notebook system messages, such as those regarding test status, may appear in the terminal rather than the notebook.

#### Example Outputs
Here are examples of a sufficient vs. insufficient output from a trained network:

Sufficient Result          |  Insufficient Result
:-------------------------:|:-------------------------:
![Sufficient](./examples/sufficient_result.png)  |  ![Insufficient](./examples/insufficient_result.png)

### Submission
1. Ensure you've passed all the unit tests.
2. Ensure you pass all points on [the rubric](https://review.udacity.com/#!/rubrics/989/view).
3. Submit the following in a zip file.
 - `helper.py`
 - `main.py`
 - `project_tests.py`
 - Newest inference images from `runs` folder  (**all images from the most recent run**)

### Tips
- The link for the frozen `VGG16` model is hardcoded into `helper.py`.  The model can be found [here](https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/udacity-selfdrivingcar/vgg.zip).
- The model is not vanilla `VGG16`, but a fully convolutional version, which already contains the 1x1 convolutions to replace the fully connected layers. Please see this [post](https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/udacity-selfdrivingcar/forum_archive/Semantic_Segmentation_advice.pdf) for more information.  A summary of additional points, follow.
- The original FCN-8s was trained in stages. The authors later uploaded a version that was trained all at once to their GitHub repo.  The version in the GitHub repo has one important difference: The outputs of pooling layers 3 and 4 are scaled before they are fed into the 1x1 convolutions.  As a result, some students have found that the model learns much better with the scaling layers included. The model may not converge substantially faster, but may reach a higher IoU and accuracy.
- When adding l2-regularization, setting a regularizer in the arguments of the `tf.layers` is not enough. Regularization loss terms must be manually added to your loss function. otherwise regularization is not implemented.

### Why Layer 3, 4 and 7?
In `main.py`, you'll notice that layers 3, 4 and 7 of VGG16 are utilized in creating skip layers for a fully convolutional network. The reasons for this are contained in the paper [Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.06211.pdf).

In section 4.3, and further under header "Skip Architectures for Segmentation" and Figure 3, they note these provided for 8x, 16x and 32x upsampling, respectively. Using each of these in their FCN-8s was the most effective architecture they found.

### Optional sections
Within `main.py`, there are a few optional sections you can also choose to implement, but are not required for the project.

1. Train and perform inference on the [Cityscapes Dataset](https://www.cityscapes-dataset.com/). Note that the `project_tests.py` is not currently set up to also unit test for this alternate dataset, and `helper.py` will also need alterations, along with changing `num_classes` and `input_shape` in `main.py`. Cityscapes is a much more extensive dataset, with segmentation of 30 different classes (compared to road vs. not road on KITTI) on either 5,000 finely annotated images or 20,000 coarsely annotated images.
2. Add image augmentation. You can use some of the augmentation techniques you may have used on Traffic Sign Classification or Behavioral Cloning, or look into additional methods for more robust training!
3. Apply the trained model to a video. This project only involves performing inference on a set of test images, but you can also try to utilize it on a full video.

### Using GitHub and Creating Effective READMEs
If you are unfamiliar with GitHub , Udacity has a brief [GitHub tutorial](http://blog.udacity.com/2015/06/a-beginners-git-github-tutorial.html) to get you started. Udacity also provides a more detailed free [course on git and GitHub](https://www.udacity.com/course/how-to-use-git-and-github--ud775).

To learn about REAMDE files and Markdown, Udacity provides a free [course on READMEs](https://www.udacity.com/courses/ud777), as well.

GitHub also provides a [tutorial](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/) about creating Markdown files.


It is Greek enrollment week at Keene State College. Keene State College (KSC) designated January 27 to February 9 as the Greek Life Organization enrollment weeks.
Phi Lambda Chi member and Vice President of recruitment of the Inter-Fraternity Council, Travis Thuotte explained that Greek organizations can post fliers and have three recruitment signs posted on campus as well.
"Recruiting is done in a number of ways, but the biggest way Alpha Sig recruits is simply by making friends and connections with people we meet on campus," Budenas said.
Budenas also said that for first year students, having an inviting group of people to hang out and talk with can be helpful during the transition to college. Greek organizations also use fliers to advertise their recruiting events.
However, if people come out to recruitment events and figure out that Greek Life isn't for them, Budenas said that is totally okay.
As for the requirements of recruitment, students must have 12 credits obtained at KSC. Any activity involving drinking and/or drug use is also not tolerated.
"All recruitment is dry, that means no alcohol or drugs are involved. Drinking is prohibited during recruitment and events," Thuotte said.
Budenas said that keeping recruitment events casual also helps students get to know the fraternity's character better. "As far as what is not allowed, there are a lot of smaller and finer details that we have to abide by, whether it is set by the school or our fraternities headquarters. Basically just be smart and don't do anything illegal with interested students in joining,"Budenas said.
Director of Campus Life Jennifer Ferrell explained that once a student decides to pledge a Greek Organization, the campus life group makes sure students understand what to expect and what to watch out for, include hazing and how to report that.
"If a student feels like that's happening, we have a lot of good things and standards in place for our sorority and fraternity community in addition to our campus policy. The Inter-Fraternity Council is the governing body for fraternities. The Panhellenic Council is the governing body for sororities. If a group does something that doesn't match up to their rules then that organization could be brought to a judicial board. They could receive fines," Ferrell said.Greek organizations are social groups with a focus on serving the community. A common misconception is joining a fraternity or sorority is a way to buy friends.
"What I will say is that in some aspect, yes you do buy into a group of friends. But it is so much more than that, you are buying an opportunity of a lifetime and insane resume builders and connections that will stick with you for your entire life. You're paying for things that you cannot get anywhere else, you gain a new family of 20-plus amazing people that will have your back for life. It is something that no one will understand until they jump into actually joining and the pay off is so, so worth it," Budenas said.


Utilizing cloud services can offer significant benefits to an organization—the ability to gain competitive advantage, break geographic barriers and reduce operating costs, to name a few. To realize those benefits, it is important that adoption drivers are aligned with overall enterprise goals and objectives and that business and cultural factors are favorable for adoption. Like any investment, cloud projects should be guided by the board of directors (BoD) to ensure value creation and optimization of risk.
Do management teams have a plan for cloud computing? Have they weighed value and opportunity costs?—The risk of cloud adoption may be inconsequential when compared to the lost opportunity to transform the enterprise with effective and strategic use of cloud computing. The loss can be particularly great when competitive enterprises take steps to leverage those same opportunities.
How do current cloud plans support the enterprise's mission?—Cloud services should support efforts to achieve business objectives, which are derived from stakeholder needs. Cloud initiatives should have a clear and traceable link to the enterprise strategy so that the value expected from cloud services is clearly defined, accepted and measurable.
Have executive teams systematically evaluated organizational readiness?—Evaluating the readiness of the enterprise in anticipation of the adoption of cloud services avoids the need for after-the-fact culture, skill or process changes to remove unanticipated pressure points. A systematic readiness assessment can help management identify additional costs and risk that should be factored into the decision process.
Have management teams considered what existing investments might be lost in their cloud planning?—Cloud computing may not be an immediate and clean fit with the existing technology portfolio of the enterprise. The adoption of a cloud service may, for example, obviate already-made technology investments that have not reached their planned end date. The decision about when and how to realize that loss must be considered carefully.
Do management teams have strategies to measure and track the value of cloud return versus risk?—Before deciding to adopt cloud computing, the board should give management teams the task of ensuring that proper reporting mechanisms are in place to measure value and risk aligned with enterprise goals.
By asking cloud-specific questions, boards will be able to determine whether the enterprise is ready to adopt cloud computing and whether the value created will have a positive impact on enterprise goals and objectives.


We are delighted to announce the opening of our Glasgow studio!
As our presence in Scotland continues to grow, we have moved into Gresham Chambers with Civic Engineers, a firm of civil and structural engineers who we have worked closely with in the past. We are sure this collaboration will bring about exciting opportunities for both parties, as well as giving us a foothold in the West of Scotland.
Our office on West Nile Street in Glasgow City Centre becomes our third UK office as we develop our business in Scotland and the North of England.


With the assistance of our team of professionals, we are engaged in offering supreme quality Rigger Safety Shoes. These shoes are provided by our experts who have immense knowledge of concerned field and understand the different needs of our valued clients. The offered range is manufactured using pure chrome leather in conformity with the international quality standards. Clients can avail these shoes from us in different sizes and various specifications.


text:
Former Cougar teammates now focus on college careers
Denny Schwarze
Brent Marshall and Jacob Johnson both teed it up at the GLAGA All-City Championship this weekend after carrying the Lansing Catholic boys golf team to historic heights the past two seasons.
The last two Lansing State Journal Boys Player of the Year winners also will be hoping to have successful careers at the collegiate level. Johnson recently completed his freshman year at Oakland University and Marshall will head to Grand Valley State this fall.
"I've for sure started thinking about college," Marshall said. "I start school up there in three weeks and golf starts in four weeks so I'm just trying to prepare and play in some tournaments and get some good tournament experience before I go over there."
Marshall's 76.1 18-hole average this year ranked second among area golfers and he had district and regional titles individually. Marshall also took eighth in the Division 3 state tournament and led the Cougars to a second-consecutive state championship.
He still plays frequently with Johnson, who was the No. 1 player for the Cougars the year before.
"We probably play once or twice per week and he's helped me out a lot with how I'm going to organize my schedule, balance time in the classroom and out on the golf course and figure out what college golf's going to be like compared to high school," Marshall said.
Johnson, who captured the GLAGA Match Play event earlier this year, was a two-time all-state player for the Cougars and was also an all-state tennis player. He played in one tournament in the fall of 2013 for the Golden Grizzlies and two this spring, shooting a collegiate career-low round of 78 in the second round of the Colleton River Collegiate in early March.
"It's quite the transition. You can't know anything about it until you experience some of the stuff," Johnson said. "The toughness of the golf courses. College golf courses are long and tight and in high school you get used to some of the easier golf courses and transitioning into that is not easy."
Johnson and Marshall both finished in the top 10 individually in the 2013 Division 3 state tournament, with Marshall taking second place as a junior and Johnson ending up in a tie for ninth to finish off his high school career.
They both also competed in last year's All-City Championship. Marshall finished with a total of 227 in the championship flight while Johnson had a 231 in the first flight.
Now that they have both left the Lansing Catholic program, they can look back on what they accomplished and the type of golf the program has produced.
"It's a great feeling to know that I was part of that program,'' Johnson said. "My senior year we won the state championship and that was great and then they brought back everybody basically but me, and they won it in great fashion. They played well the whole year. They were No. 1 the whole year. Brent and I, we were really competitive in practice and it was nice having him always there to push me and I pushed him."
"I feel like Lansing Catholic really prepares players to go out and compete at the next level," Marshall said. "Through that you kind of know what it takes to win championships and shoot good scores, and I think they have a good chance to do that again next year and go for a three-peat."


Mother Susan E. Osborne-Mott began her ministry with us in November 2015. As part of the discernment process that brought her to Good Shepherd, the Discernment Committee wrote and published our Parish Profile. It was written in the spring of 2015 and faithfully represented our Church at that time. The Church will change with time, but the Profile gives you a glimpse of what we were like when it was written. If you are seeking a new church home and family, we encourage you to read it and invite you to visit us. We will welcome you to the Church of the Good Shepherd to worship and pray with us.


The qualifying round of 32 ended today following the Lebedev 6-4, 5-7, 6-1 victory over Blumenburg at the Hawkeye Tennis and Recreation Complex. Sixteen players advance to tomorrow's qualifying finals where they have a chance to be one of eight players to enter the singles main draw.
Former Hawkeyes Josh Silverstein (pictured) and Tyler Cleveland were eliminated this afternoon and will not move on to the final round of Qualifying. Silverstein was defeated 6-0, 6-1 by Alafia Ayeni of Cornell University. Ayeni is an up and coming player with a world singles ranking on 1296. Cleveland lost 6-2, 6-2 to Carl Soderlund of Sweden and will miss the rest of play.
Following qualifying play, the singles main draw will start July 17 including all eight players who finish out the round of 16 tomorrow. Additionally, wildcards have been awarded to Will Davies, Joe Tyler, Piotr Smietana, and Kareem Allaf for the singles main draw.
Hawkeyes Jason Kerst and Josh Silverstein will be granted a second chance by playing in the doubles draw with other Hawkeyes Davies, Tyler, Smietana, and Allaf. Tyler Cleveland will not participate in doubles play.
The singles main draw will be finalized following play tomorrow July 16. For more information, visit oldcapitolfutures.com or itftennis.com/procircuit.


text:
Q: Benefit of AddSingleton(S, T) instead of AddSingleton(T) What is the benefit of using services.AddSingleton<SomeService, SomeServiceImplementation>() instead of services.AddSingleton<SomeServiceImplementation>() ?
For example i've got an sample Interface
interface ISampleInterface
{
   void DoSomething();
}

And a Sample-Class:
class SampleClass : ISampleInterface
{
  public void DoSomething()
  {
    console.write("hi");
  }
}

No i do services.AddSingleton<SampleClass>()
Why or when to use services.AddSingleton<ISampleInterface, SampleClass>() ?
Thanks for your help! :-)

A: services.AddSingleton<SampleInterface, SampleClass>() allows you to register different implementations for the same interface without modifying the rest of your code.
Change implementations with minimal effort
Suppose you have an ILogger interface and implementation that log eg to the browser's console or send the log entry to different services eg ConsoleLogger, MyServiceLogger or PrometheusLogger. If you registered only the implementation, with eg services.AddSingleton<ConsoleLogger>() you'd have to change all of your classes each time you changed a logger implementation.
You'd have to go to each page and change
@inject ConsoleLogger logger;

to
@inject MyServiceLogger logger;

Forget about specifying the logger at runtime too. You'd have to deploy the application each time you wanted to use a new logging service.
By registering the interface and a specific implementation, all of your classes can keep using ILogger<T> and never know that the implementation has changed.
Implementation selection at runtime
You could even change the implementation at runtime, based on environment variables, configuration, or any other logic you want, eg :
if (app.IsDevelopment)
{
    services.AddSingleton<ILogger,ConsoleLogger>();
}
else
{
    services.AddSingleton<ILogger,MyServiceLogger>();
}

Unit Testing
In unit tests you could use a null logger - in fact the Logging middleware has a NullLogger class just for this reason, in the core Abstractions package.
Or you could wrap your test framework's output methods into an ILogger implementation and use that, without modifying the code. xUnit for example uses the ITestOutputHelper interface for this. You could create an XUnitlogger that forwards calls to this interface:
public class XUnitLogger:ILogger
{
   private readonly ITestOutputHelper _output;
   public XUnitLogger(ITestOutputHelper output)
   {
       _output=output;
   }
   ...
   void Log(...)
   {
       _output.WriteLine(...);
   }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Szlach peremohy – ukraiński emigracyjny tygodnik społeczno-polityczny, wydawany od 28 lutego 1954 w Monachium, od 1993 we Lwowie, a od 1998 w Kijowie.

Zaczęto go wydawać po rozłamie w emigracyjnej organizacji Zagraniczne Formacje OUN, który miał miejsce w lutym 1954.

Redaktorami byli m.in. P. Kizka, Dmytro Sztykało, D. Czajkowśkyj, Myrosław Styranka, B. Witoszynśkyj, Stepan Łenkawśkyj, H. Drabat, Wołodymyr Kosyk, A. Bedrij, S. Hałamaj, A. Hajdamacha, Josyp Kaszuba, W. Panczuk.

Z czasopismem współpracowali m.in. R. Jendyk, Zenon Pełenśkyj, H. Waszczenko, I. Wowczuk, P. Olijnyczenko, W. Dawydenko, A. Kosowśka, Wiktor Andrijewśkyj, J. Bencal, Sława Stećko, S. Naumowycz, O. Demczuk, Jarosław Hajwas, Roman Rachmannyj, O. Pytliar, Mykoła Czyrowśkyj, F. Kowal, Wołodymyr Łenyk, Łeonid Połtawa i inni.

W budynku należącym do wydawnictwa, oprócz redakcji gazety znajdowała się drukarnia "Cycero", biura Ukraińskiego Frontu Wyzwoleńczego i Antybolszewickiego Bloku Narodów.

Od 1993 tygodnik był wydawany we Lwowie, a redaktorem naczelnym był Jarosław Swatko. W 1998 redakcję przeniesiono do Kijowa, a redaktorem naczelnym została Marija Bazeliuk (od 2009 Wiktor Roh).

Bibliografia
 Encyklopedia ukrainoznawstwa, Lwów 2000, t. 10 s. 3880

Emigracja ukraińska
Kultura na Ukrainie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It is quite apparent that U.S. corn plantings will not get off to an earlier than normal start and even an average pace of corn seedings looks unlikely.
Much of the Corn Belt is experiencing an extended winter even into mid-April with a number of Upper Midwest states seeing a major blizzard this past weekend with soil temperatures as much as 20 degrees below the 50-degree threshold needed to germinate corn seed.
Unfortunately the forecast for the rest of the month features below normal temperatures for much of the Midwest, though rainfall is seen rather light.
Keep in mind that with today's modern equipment farmers can and have seeded anywhere from 40-50% of intended acreage in one week.
This graphic shows the days after April 1st that 25%, 50% and 75% of the nation's corn has been planted from 1986 to 2017.
We also show the trend of these planting levels and the percent that each specific year's final corn yield deviated from the 1986-2017 trend given the idea that speedy corn plantings can improve the odds of trend or higher yields.
As an example, last year U.S. corn seedings at the 25%, 50% and 75% level were respectively 27, 38 and 46 days after April 1st.
With April having 30 days, this corresponds to the dates of April 27th, May 8th and May 16th.
We note that last year's record national yield of 176.6 bushels per acre (bpa) was 4.3% above the 1986-2017 trend.
It is true that late corn plantings can have a depressing impact on final yields due to the key pollination phase pushed back into hotter part of summer and the possibility of an early frost.
But work we have done suggests summer weather is much more important in determination of final yields and in that regard many in trade feel recent heavy precipitation in Corn Belt very good for recharging subsoil moisture levels.
A look at the data shows that in 2010 the corn crop was put in the ground very fast with 25% planted by April 18th, 50% by April 25th and 75% seeded by May 6th yet final yields that year were 1.6% below trend.
On the other hand, in 2009 when corn yields were a record plantings were rather slow with 25% planted by April 29th, 50% by May 11th and 75% seeded by May 22nd.
A final point is the trend for the 25, 50 and 75% level show each mark being attained earlier in the year than seen in the past.


text:
Q: Is it possible to dictate to a browser the order of the images it downloads ? Ive got a fullscreen image slide with about 20 images each c. 250kb. That is quite allot to download and because i want each image to be seen in order Ive set the slider not to start until the first 4 images are downloaded. The only issue is that when run in a browser (chrome latest version) it seems to download all images at the same time meaning that the first 4 images finish loading about the same time as the other 20.
Is there a way i can tell the browser to download them in cronalogical order ie. if my html is like this :

   ...

Start on one.jpg wait until complete then start on two.jpeg etc ?

A: You can use the img onload property in javascript.
var firstImage = new Image();
firstImage.src = 'some url';
firstImage.onload = function(){
 var secondImage = new Image();
 secondImage.src = 'some url';
 secondImage.onload = function(){
   //etc
 }
}

obviously doing those calls with a recursive function would be the actual implementation, but I wanted to make sure you saw the core concept.


"I just want to say how much I LOVE your curriculum!
Spelling and grammar have gone from my absolute least favorite/most dreaded subject to teach, to our entire family's MOST favorite. The...way this method is taught is far superior to the other versions of the Spalding method and Writing Road to Reading that I have tried. I used to dread when it came time to teach this with my children. I would try to get it done first thing in the morning just to get it over with. Now we do it first thing in the morning because each child… asks to do it! Mr. Patterson's research and knowledge on the 'why's' behind the reasons for...things make a world of difference.
RW has wonderful spelling list cards, with the way to spell the word, how to mark each letter and the spelling rules as well, so there is no question as to why or how to mark the words, or what rules are used. This has been EXTREMELY helpful in working our way through the lists and has really eliminated any question as to if I am doing it right.


Rent a great studio apartment. Nice area in Pavlodar. Clean, comfortable, has everything for a comfortable stay: TV, stove, refrigerator and much more. Document is issued.
Object orient: ac. Bekturov str. - Toraigirov str.
Pavlodar, Str. Estay; Str. Bekturova; Str. 1st of May, Bekturova str.


HIPRA participated in the SIVAE Congress 2018 (Italian Veterinary Association of Exotic Animals) in Cremona (Italy) in order to present the vaccine ERAVAC®, for the prevention of the new variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD-2).
With 230 veterinarians from the industry present, Michelle Woodward (Cuniculture Product Manager) explained the risk of companion rabbits becoming infected with the deadly new virus RHD-2.
She then spoke about the importance of prevention by means of vaccination with ERAVAC®, the first vaccine registered throughout the European Union for the prevention of RHD-2, now also in companion rabbits.
In September 2016, ERAVAC® vaccine was first registered under the centralised procedure by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the indication fattening rabbits. In April 2018, following submission of the results of experimental studies, approval was given for the use of the vaccine in companion rabbits and for the marketing of a new single-dose presentation suitable for this industry.
With its participation in this type of event, HIPRA reaffirms its commitment to the prevention of RHD-2 and shows its support for the companion animals sector.


We thank those who support us through financial donations as well as through the donation of resources, equipment and office supplies.
We especially thank our volunteers who generously share their knowledge, expertise and time to support us in and around the classroom.
© 2019 Brandon Literacy Council Inc.


text:
releas (8) + -
prison (7) + -
cours (5) + -
cultur (5) + -
full (5) + -
graduat (5) + -
time (5) + -
train (5) + -
worker (5) + -
african (4) + -
angola (4) + -
hi (4) + -
soweto (4) + -
angolanan (3) + -
armada (3) + -
south (21) + -
africa (20) + -
polit (9) + -
apartheid (8) + -
art (6) + -
civil (6) + -
commun (6) + -
project (6) + -
studi (6) + -
teach (6) + -
stillimag (6) + -
aizoacea (x)
from (x)
Sisulu and wife on his release from prison, Soweto, 1989
Apartheid--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government--1978-1989, South Africa--History--1961-1994, Political prisoners--South Africa, Political activists--South Africa, Sisulu, Walter Max, Kathrada, A. M. (Ahmad M.),
Walter Sisulu with his wife, Albertina, and Ahmed Kathrada, amongst others, at an ANC (African National Congress) rally for released leaders, including Walter Sisulu, Soweto, 29 October, 1989.
Mandela waving from former prison cell, Robben Island, South Africa
Ex-presidents--South Africa--Robben Island, Ex-convicts--South Africa--Robben Island, Apartheid--South Africa--Robben Island, Political history--South Africa--Robben Island, Prisons--South Africa--Robben Island
Nelson Mandela waves cheerfully from his former prison cell on Robben Island, four years after he was freed from jail by apartheid authorities. He spent more than two decades at Robben Island prison. Cape Town, South Africa, 11 February 1994.
Joint Monitoring Commission (JMC) members and South African Defence Force (SADF) Parabat commander, Colonel Archie Moore with Cuban and Angolan army counterparts at the withdrawal of SADF forces from southern Angola
Angola--History--South African Incursions, 1978-1990, Soldiers, South Africa--Armed Forces
Joint Monitoring Commission (JMC) members and South African Defence Force (SADF) Parabat commander, Colonel Archie Moore with Cuban and Angolan army counterparts at the withdrawal of SADF forces from southern Angola. Parabat is the 1st Parachute Battalion of the SADF. The JMC was created to oversee the withdrawal of the SADF from a portion of Angola's southern Cunene province and its re-occupation by the People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA). It was to ensure that neither SWAPO nor Cuban forces moved into this area as the SADF withdrew.
Commandos from Forças Armadas Angolanan assault a suspected União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola soldier
Angola--History--Civil War, 1975-2002, Soldiers--Angola, AK-47 rifle,
Forças Armadas Angolanan (FAA) commandos assault a União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) suspect.
Released prisoner from Onaimwandi base with his family, Tsandi, northern Namibia
Namibia--History, Military--20th century, Prisoners of war--Namibia
Released prisoner from Onaimwandi base with his family, Tsandi, northern Namibia.
Sunset over the frontline. An argument over who will stand guard. 100 km from Huambo city.
Angola--History--Civil War, 1975-2002, Soldiers--Angola,
Troops prepare for the night watch outside Huambo city.
Message from Dr Savimbi
Angola--History--Civil War, 1975-2002,
A message from Dr Savimbi is painted an the wall of a building in the União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) controlled town of Kazombo in the Moxico Province of Angola under UNITA control.
Arrival of Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, David Merero, Hage Geingob and others from Angola
SWAPO--History
The SWAPO president's portrait is carried from the airplane during the arrival of Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, David Merero, Hage Geingob and others from Angola. Sam Nujoma was the SWAPO president from its founding in 1960 until 2007.
Eunice 'Mashabalala' Mkonto graduated from the full-time training course for cultural workers
Community Arts Project (Cape Town, South Africa)--History, Community arts projects--South Africa--Cape Town--History, Arts--Study and teaching --South Africa--Cape Town
Eunice 'Mashabalala' Mkonto with her certificate for completing the full-time training course for cultural workers. Community Arts Project trustee Jacqueline Nolte is in the background.
Eastern frontier of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, ( and part of Kafirland) from Algoa Bay to the Great Kei River
Eastern Cape (South Africa)--History--Maps, Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)--History--Maps, ,
Partly coloured map of Eastern Frontier of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, from Algoa Bay to the Great Kei River showing districts, district boundaries in colour, 'Amatembu Kafirs or Tambookies' and 'Amakosa or Kafirs Proper', and rivers, with an insert map showing the Western Frontier. Some colours. Scale: 3.8 in. to 30 English miles. Projection not given.
Mpumelelo Melane graduated from the full-time training course for cultural workers
Mpumelelo Melane, of Imvaba visual arts, newly graduated from the full-time training course for cultural workers at the Community Arts Project.
A new chart of the southern coast of Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope to Dalagoa [sic] Bay, including the Bank of Cape Agulhas, its soundings, currents, within and without &c.
Shipwrecks -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope -- History -- 18th century., Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- Maps -- Early works to 1800., Cape Agulhas (South Africa) -- Maps -- Early works to 1800., Cape Town (South Africa) -- Pictorial works.
Map shows detailed soundings and other hydrographic information along the Cape coast. Map includes an engraving of "A view of the Cape of Good Hope" showing elevations of Table Mountain ("The Table"), "Devils Burg", "the Sugar Loaf" and "Lyon's Rump". Also depicted are houses and other buildings on the slopes of the mountain and a small rowing boat heading for harbour., "Drawn chiefly from the Papers of Mr Gerard De Ruyter., Captain of the Port at the Cape of Good Hope; with the track of the Worcester, Capt. Hall in 1786.", Extract from note on map: "On Thursday the 17th of July 1755, about a quarter before one in the morning, the Doddington outward bound East Indiaman struck on a rock about 3 leagues from the Main of Africa ... Judging they were on the Madagascar shore, and the passage open, they bore away to the Northward. The time they were lost they saw the breakers and in less than a quarter of an hour went all to pieces ...", This copy of the map is defective and the sections north of 28 degrees 5 minutes and east of 32 degrees are missing. Only the final line of the cartouche is visible. Only the lower portions of the two inset maps ("A Plan of Saldhanha Bay geometrically surveyed in 1752", and, "A Plan of Dalagoa Bay called by the Portuguese Bahia de Lorenzo Marques, and by the French Baye du St. Espirit" remain., Restored and placed between acid-free boards., Robert Laurie and James Whittle.
Beth Mayekiso graduated from the full-time training course for cultural workers
Beth Mayekiso, of the Alexandra Civic Association, upon graduation from the full-time training course for cultural workers. Community Arts Project staff member Sicelio 'Theo' Nkohla is in the background.
Commandos from Forças Armadas Angolanan drive around searching for enemy soldiers
Forças Armadas Angolanan (FAA) commandos in a search for União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) troops in Ganda, Angola.
Sisulu on his release from prison, Soweto, 1989
Apartheid--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government--1978-1989, South Africa--History--1961-1994, Demonstrations--South Africa, Political activists--South Africa, Sisulu, Walter Max,
Walter Sisulu salutes supporters at an ANC (African National Congress) rally on his release from prison, Soweto, 29 October, 1989.
Convoy of Ratel 20s and 90s from the 61st Mechanised Battalion crosses the South African Defence Force (SADF)-built pontoon bridge over the Kavango River
Angola--History--South African Incursions, 1978-1990, Military convoys, Vehicles, Military--Angola
A convoy of Ratel 20s and 90s (infantry fighting vehicles) from the 61st Mechanised Battalion crosses the South African Defence Force (SADF)-built pontoon bridge over the Kavango River, during the withdrawal from southern Angola.
Eunice 'Tshidi' Sefako graduated from the full-time training course for cultural workers
Eunice 'Tshidi' Sefako, newly graduated from the full-time training course for cultural workers at the Community Arts Project.
Whip marks from vigilante attack, Welkom township, 1985
Vigilantes, Political violence, Youth--Wounds and injuries, Apartheid, Political history--South Africa, Beyond the Barricades
A Thabong youth shows the whip marks left by vigilantes in Welkom township, Orange Free State (now Free State Province). Gangs of vigilantes, very often supported by police, terrorised residents and anti-apartheid activists.
Ebrahim Rasool released from detention, 1988
Apartheid--South Africa, South Africa--Politics and government--1978-1989, South Africa--History--1961-1994, Political activists--South Africa, Families--South Africa, Rasool, E. (Ebrahim), 1962-,
Ebrahim Rasool at home with his parents on his release from detention in July 1988.
Govan Mbeki's release from prison, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Ex-convicts--South Africa--Port Elizabeth, Political history--South Africa--Port Elizabeth, Apartheid--South Africa--Port Elizabeth, Mbeki, Govan, 1910-2001
Rivonia trialist and African National Congress (ANC) leader, Govan Mbeki, who spent 23 years in jail on Robben Island with Nelson Mandela, greets supporters and well-wishers on his first full day of release into freedom, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 6 November 1987.


text:
Policy-making and species eradication: Protecting European biodiversity from the ecological impacts of non-native fish
Policy-making and species eradication
Protecting European biodiversity from the ecological impacts of non-native fish
This case study was produced as part of BU's REF 2014 submission, made under unit of assessment 17 - Geography, Environmental Studies and Archaeology. It was originally published in October 2013.
Emaciated fish - Infected by the rosette agent
BU research into the ecology and management of non-native fish has provided the evidence base for regulations, policy and management programmes. This in turn protects native biodiversity and an aquaculture and sport angling industry worth over £3 billion per year.
Non-native fish are introduced to enhance ecosystem services such as aquaculture and angling and to deliver socio-economic benefits. But as they disperse and colonise new habitats, they can cause ecological and economic damage.
It is important for policy-makers and managers to identify and differentiate between the non-native fish species that would deliver socio-economic benefits and those likely to develop invasive and damaging populations.
Research by Professor Rudy Gozlan, Dr Rob Britton and Dr Demetra Andreou supports the identification of problematic species and their management by developing new knowledge and tools in the following areas:
Technical definitions and criteria on ecological impacts of non-native fish.
Empirical evidence that quantifies the ecological impacts of non-native fish in the UK.
Decision-making tools that support the management and eradication of non-native fish in the environment.
The Rosette-Agent under a microscope
The Rosette Agent under a microsite
European impact: regulation and policy development
The technical definitions and criteria on the ecological impacts of non-native fish have been applied to an EU directive for the management of non-native species. The work was used to define how to measure the impacts of introduced fish on the aquatic environment and ecosystem services. This provides stringent definitions of the ecological impact of a non-native fish.
This ultimately means that if any organisation or business applies for permission to import and introduce a new non-native freshwater fish species into a European country, they must complete a risk assessment – based on BU's definitions of ecological impact. The risk assessment then goes for expert evaluation and, if approved, the applicant must impose a period of quarantine on those fish before their release – again based on BU definitions. These risk assessment and quarantine measures are now in use across the European Union.
Pseudorasbora parva graph
UK impact: eradication of a non-native species
Freshwater fisheries in England and Wales are worth approximately £3 billion per year. BU research is having a major impact on aspects of their management, specifically relating to non-native fishes involved in the angling and aquaculture industries such as Pseudorasbora parva.
Research has revealed Pseudorasbora parva as a healthy carrier of the intracellular pathogen Sphaerothecum destruens, more commonly known as the Rosette Agent. When the parasite passes to native fish they are susceptible to high mortality rates, spawning suppression and emaciation.
Further research quantified the impact and demonstrated the difficulty of detecting Pseudorasbora parva in the wild. This research is currently being used as the evidence base to support the Environment Agency'sPseudorasbora parva eradication programme.
In 2011 and 2012, the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the Welsh Assembly committed to eradicating all known populations of Pseudorasbora parva in their countries by 2017. This is a major policy decision as there are at least 19 populations still remaining. This is the first non-native fish species eradication attempt from UK freshwaters.
BU has revealed the eradication operations to date have already been instrumental in preventing their widespread invasion of UK freshwaters.
The research impact goes beyond just informing the management of Pseudorasbora parva, ensuring the protection of native biodiversity and an aquaculture and sport angling industry worth over £3 billion per year.
Fisheries.9,106-115
Gozlan R.E., Whipps C., Andreou D. & Arkush K. (2009) Identification of a rosette-like agent as Sphaerothecum destruens, a multi-host fish pathogen. International J. Parasitology 39, 1055-1058
Britton JR, Davies GD & Harrod C. (2010) Trophic interactions and consequent impacts of the invasive fish Pseudorasbora parva in a native aquatic foodweb: a field investigation in the UK. Biological Invasions 12, 1533-1542
Britton JR, Copp GH, Vilizzi L, Brazier M & Davies GD (2011) A modular assessment tool for managing introduced fishes according to risks of species and their populations, and impacts of management actions. Biological Invasions 13, 2847-2860
Britton JR, Davies GD & Brazier M. (2010) Towards the successful control of Pseudorasbora parva in the UK. Biological Invasions 12, 25-31.
Gozlan RE, Burnard D, Andreou D & Britton JR (2013) Understanding the threats posed by non-native species: Public vs. Conservation managers. PLoS One e53200.
Related research news:
Interstate Collaboration to save endangered Mahseer fish from extinction
Bournemouth University academics have had a key role in the meeting to save the iconic fish.
BU research shows how sharks can help prevent climate change
New Bournemouth University research has found that overfishing and shark finning may result in more greenhouse gasses and increased climate change.
Centre for Ecology, Environment and Sustainability
Unit of Assessment
UoA 17
European Commission Regulation (EC) No 708/2007
UK Risk assessment of Pseudorasbora parva
Environment Agency alien fish list.


Stefan van Woelderen is a Principal Economist at ING. He is responsible for co-creating relevant content and developing partnerships. Stefan was CEO Communications Advisor and ghostwriter. From 2003 to early 2011, he was a Senior Economist at ING Amsterdam. He started his career at Ecorys after graduating in General Economics at Erasmus University Rotterdam.