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Больша́я Орда́ (, Великая Орда) — термин, используемый в средневековых источниках и современной историографии для обозначения татарского ханства, являвшегося остатком Золотой Орды (улуса Джучи), после отделения от неё, в середине XV века, других ханств: Казанского (1438 год), Крымского (1441 год), Белой Орды (1428 год) и других. Основным населением страны были татары, вероятные предки современных мишарей.

Современники Большой Орды её никак от Золотой Орды не отделяли, а ханы считали себя верховными правителями в пределах всех татарских государств бывшего улуса Джучи. Территория Большой Орды включала земли между Доном и Волгой, Нижнее Поволжье и степи Северного Кавказа. Столицей был город Сарай-Берке («Новый дворец» или «Дворец Берке»). Первым ханом Большой Орды считается Сайид-Ахмад I, внук Тохтамыша, потомка Чингисхана.

История
В середине XV века Большая Орда играла важную роль в политической жизни Восточной Европы. Однако, как и Золотую Орду, её раздирали внутренние противоречия. В 1455—1456 Большая Орда потерпела поражение от крымского хана Хаджи I Гирея. В 1459 году от Большой Орды отпала Астрахань, где хан Махмуд (правил 1459—1465), бежавший от восставшего против него брата, основал независимое Астраханское ханство.

При хане Ахмате (правил 1459—1481) Большая Орда несколько усилилась, был заключён союз с Польским королевством и Великим княжеством Литовским (1472) и установлены дружественные отношения с Османской империей (1476). Сохранились серебряные монеты Ахмата. Были предприняты военные походы на Крымское ханство (1474—1478) и Московское княжество (сражение под Алексином 1472 и «Стояние на Угре» 1480 года). Однако попытки Ахмата вновь навязать окрепшему Московскому государству вассальную зависимость потерпели неудачу.

После неудачного похода на Москву Ахмат распустил войска и был убит в своей ставке небольшим отрядом, возглавляемым Сибирским ханом Ибаком и ногайцами во главе с Мусой и Ямгурчи. В этот раз Ибак и не пытался захватить власть в Большой Орде. Убийство, видимо, было вызвано тем, что ногайцы и сибирский хан опасались усиления Ахмата и возможного восстановления его власти над ними.

Дети Ахмата уже не обладали таким политическим влиянием. Сеид-Ахмед-хан, собрав армию в 1485 году, выгнал своего старшего брата Муртазу-хана из Сарая. Тот бежал в Сибирь, и затем Ибак опять захватил Сарай через 2 года.

В 1486 году началась война между Большой Ордой и Крымским ханством. Муртаза-хан погиб в битве с Крымским войском. Большая Орда была разгромлена крымским ханом Менгли I Гиреем. Большая Орда стала вассалом Крыма. Ибак вторгается в Поволжье и захватывает Сарай.

Ибак был убит во время мятежа в Сибири. В Сарае ханом становится сын Сеид-Ахмед-хана Шейх-Ахмед.

В 1502 году Крымское ханство напало на Большую Орду и захватило Поволжье. Большая Орда перестала существовать, и крымские ханы стали считать, что золотоордынское достоинство перешло к ним. Заволжские земли вошли в состав Ногайской Орды, а земли между Доном и Волгой формально отошли к Крыму, но вскоре, в 1556 году, были присоединены к Московскому государству.

Ханы Большой Орды
 Сайид-Ахмед-хан, сын Тохтамыша, хан Большой Орды (1433—1455)
 Ахмад-хан, сын Кичи-Мухаммеда, хан Большой Орды (1460—1481)
 Шейх Ахмед-хан, хан Большой Орды (1481—1502)

Примечания

Литература
 Греков И. Б. Восточная Европа и упадок Золотой Орды (на рубеже 14-15 вв.). — , 1975.
 Сафаргалиев М. Г. Распад Золотой Орды. — Саранск, 1960.

Монгольские государства
Государства в истории России
Золотая Орда
Тюрко-татарские государства


When a business comes up with a new brand it's usually the hope of the owners that the brand is going to be successful. When the company comes up with a new brand most for the people are usually not aware of the brand. The brand activation is one of the techniques that most of the business owners mainly use in creating awareness about the existence of a new brand in the market. One thing worth noting is that the brand activation is usually also critical for any company which aims at re-branding itself. The main reason as to why brand activation is usually significant is to make sure that the customers are quite aware of your brand and they also purchase the kind of the brand that you are availing to them.
The main factors that might influence the level of brand activation that one might be able to carry out is the time and support since the process is usually time and resources intensive. For this reason, most of the business are generally not in a position to carry out brand activation on their own. When doing brand activation, most of the business owners prefer hiring a brand activation company. When one is making a selection of the most appropriate brand activation company one might find it quite tricky. There are various elements that one should look out for when hiring the brand activation company.
In this article we are going to look at some of the features that one should look out for when hiring a brand activation company. The first element that one should watch out for when selecting the best brand activation company is the experience. For the brand activation procedure to be quite a successful one must be aware of the needs to address to attract the attention of the customers. The main reason as to why one should consider working with an experienced brand activation company is because they usually have exposure to the most effective techniques.
The brand activation method used by a given brand activation company is the second factor that one should consider when hiring the company . When hiring brand activation company one of the things that one should know is that the company uses different techniques where some are more effective than others. A brand activation company that uses the advanced techniques of brand activation is the best because such practices are beneficial. The amount of money that one will spend by hiring a gnome brand activation company is the third element that one should consider when hiring a brand activation company.


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Wayrakancha (Quechua wayra wind, kancha enclosure, enclosed place, yard, a frame, or wall that encloses, Hispanicized spelling Huayracancha) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Yauli District, and in the Lima Region, Huarochiri Province, Chicla District. Wayrakancha lies northwest of Pumaqucha.

See also
 Putka

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Lima Region
Mountains of Junín Region

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


CHAPTER FORTY-SIX – The Palm Beach Casino Club is the most exclusive Casino in Mayfair, where customers can game in unsurpassed luxury. Located in The May Fair's former Grand Art Deco Ballroom, The Palm Beach Casino features one of the largest gaming rooms in London with a wide variety of games including American Roulette, Blackjack, Punto Banco and Three Card Poker available to play 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
The Palm Beach Casino Gold Room – If privacy is important The Palm Beach Casino offers the exclusive Gold Room VIP gaming area which, as well as offering attentive service and a range of games, also features a private entrance separate from the casino and hotel.
CHAPTER FORTY-SEVEN – The Eurostar is a high-speed railway service connecting London with Paris and Brussels. All Eurostar trains traverse the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, owned and operated separately by Eurotunnel.
CHAPTER FORTY-EIGHT – Place Dauphine is a public square located near the western end of the Île de la Cité in the first arrondissement of Paris. The square was initiated by Henry IV in 1607. He named Place Dauphin for his son, the Dauphin of France and future Louis XIII, who had been born in 1601. From the "square", actually triangular in shape, one can access the middle of the Pont Neuf, a bridge which connects the left and right banks of the Seine by passing over the Île de la Cité. A street called, since 1948, Rue Henri-Robert, forty meters long, connects the Place Dauphine and the bridge. Where they meet, there are two other named places, the Place du Pont Neuf and the Square du Vert Galent. Le Caveau du Palais, with a retro setting on the beautiful Place Dauphine, is a very Parisian place where the fashionable customers take over the large terrace during the summer period. CHAPTER FIFTY-TWO – Notre-Dame de Paris, French for "Our Lady of Paris", is a historic Catholic cathedral on the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France. The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world. The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture. Charlemagne et ses Leudes – Bronze equestrian statue of Charlemagne and two of his leudes (Olivier and Roland with his sword Durendal). Sculpted by Charles Rochet. CHAPTER FIFTY-FOUR – Hôtel Le Bristol is a five star hotel located in Paris, France, in the heart of the fashion design, and art district. Hôtel Le Bristol opened in 1925 and is famous for its historic architecture and luxurious interior.
If you have additional images to share from locations featured in THE SOMALI DECEPTION email info@danielarthursmith.com. The images in this Virtual Tour were gathered from Creative Commons and Public Domain shared image sites (as well as a few of my own.) Please notify if you own an image displayed here and have modified the license.


Reed MIDEM has announced thatLucy Smith, Director of Conferences for Reed MIDEM's Television Division, is named Director of MIPDoc, MIPFormats and MIPJunior.
In her new role, Smith will continue to manage all MIPTV and MIPCOM-related conferences in addition to developing MIPDoc, MIPJunior and MIPFormats.
"Over the past seven years, Lucy has done an outstanding job producing conferences that are at the cutting-edge of the key issues facing the entertainment industry. She has been instrumental in attracting world class speakers and making our MIPTV and MIPCOM conference programmes an integral part of the event experience. She has been a key player in the launch of well-received competitions and screenings and her strategic understanding of the documentary, youth and format sectors makes her the ideal choice to develop MIPDoc, MIPFormats and MIPJunior," comments Laurine Garaude, Director of Reed MIDEM's Television Division.
MIPJunior exists since 1993. It is the leading international conference networking and screening showcase for kids and youth programming. MIPJunior provides over 500 buyers with the chance to view more than 1,000 programmes and discover new projects that are seeking funding. The event takes place in October on the weekend prior to MIPCOM.
Launched in 1998, MIPDoc is the world's leading factual co-production, screenings and conference event held in April on the weekend before. MIPDoc brings together factual programming producers and distributors with over 400 buyers who access in excess of 1,500 programmes and projects.
MIPFormats is the only international conference, networking and screenings event dedicated to the fast-growing formats community. Launched in 2010, MIPFormats provides unique access to some of the main players in the format business as they discuss success stories and major trends. The screenings showcase the best and newest ideas in the format sector.


Home » FAQs » availability » How do I check if the rooms are available?
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A collection complied to assist students and educators with visual aids for educational programs pertaining to the introduction of California Gold Rush History. James Marshall discovered gold in the year of 1848, along the American River, at Sutter's Mill (present day Coloma, California). President Polk, the 11th President of the United States made a landmark announcement to the world of Marshall's discovery. The news from President Polk started one of the largest mass migration of individuals to one place ever in recorded history. Between 1848 and 1852, California's population grew from 14,000 to 223,000. The gold rush was an opportunity for migrants to make a better life for themselves and families. By ship around Cape Horn, by foot through the Isthmus of Panama, or the overland trails by wagon, travels to the Territory of California were long and deadly. Those who survived the journeys fulfilled the dream of Westward migration. These migrations connected cultures from all over the world to develop the diverse population and abundance in opportunity that lives on, in California today.
This Learning Lab was designed by the Education Department of the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery as a basic introduction for educators to the intersections of art and science. Each image links to resources, which include Freer|Sackler works of art, exhibition information, 3-D tours, videos, online interactives, and articles. Feel free to copy the collection and adapt it for your students.
This topical collection explores the life of Mission Commander Neil A. Armstrong; it includes images, artifact images, video and websites. Through browsing this collection, students will learn influential aspects of Armstrong's life, in order to appreciate how his work as a pilot and astronaut impacted his personal and private affairs.
Have students look at each image, video or resource, and read its descriptions. Ask students to think about or respond to any quiz questions included.
This topical collection explores the life of Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin; it includes images, artifact images, video and websites. Through browsing this collection, students will learn about Aldrin's life, in order to appreciate how his work as a pilot and astronaut impacted his personal and private affairs.
This topical collection explores the life of Command Module Pilot Michael Collins; it includes images, artifact images, and websites. Through browsing this collection, students will learn about Collins' life, in order to appreciate how his work as a pilot and astronaut impacted his personal and private affairs.
This collection contains information and teaching resources on the Terracotta Army, a group of approximately 7,000 life-size terracotta figures created for the tomb complex of China's First Emperor, Qin Shihuang (259 – 210 BCE). Resources in this collection cover a wide range of topics, including: the discovery of the Terracotta Army, Emperor Qin Shihuang, the unification of China, Qin dynasty (221 – 206 BCE) spiritual beliefs, how the terracotta warriors were made, the different types of terracotta warriors, and the types of bronze weaponry found in the Terracotta Army pits. This collection also contains three interactives: a timeline of ancient Chinese history, a map of the tomb complex, and maps of battle formations in the Terracotta Army pits.
Objects found in Emperor Qin Shihuang's elaborate tomb complex, which covers a total area of 17.6 square miles, make up the majority of surviving objects from this significant period in Chinese history.They are some of the best archaeological evidence researchers have for understanding the spiritual beliefs, military practices, and values of the ruler responsible for unifying China for the first time in its history.
This collection represents some of my personal favorites from the project to digitize more than 8,000 living specimens of the Orchidaceae family, in the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection.
There are thousands (at the time of publishing) orchid specimens available here in the Learning Lab. Find your own favorites using this search.
Learn more in the Smithsonian Insider article, "See thousands of orchids in incredible detail in the Smithsonian's newly digitized collection."
This is a Smithsonian Learning Lab topical collection, which contains images, text, and other multimedia resources that may complement the Tween Tribune feature, Battered bronze sphere returns to World Trade Center site. Use these resources to introduce or augment your study of this topic. If you want to personalize this collection by changing or adding content, click the Sign Up link above to create a free account. If you are already logged in, click the copy button to initiate your own version. Learn more here.
This topical collection includes images from Wilson A. Bentley's snowflake photography collection, which was donated to the Smithsonian in 1903. Bentley used a bellows camera that had a microscope inside to capture these small and unique natural objects. Also included in the collection is the original correspondence between Bentley and the Smithsonian, as well as ideas for using these sources in the classroom from the Smithsonian Institution Archives.


Alongside Nas, The National, and Gloria Estefan.
On November 1 Chance The Rapper closed The Obama Foundation Summit, a two day leadership event in Chicago hosted by the former President and First Lady. The event was streamed live on YouTube and Facebook and can be watched back below. In addition to Chance, the bill also included live performances from The National and Gloria Estefan. Barack and Michelle Obama spoke to the audience while Master of None stars Lena Waithe and Aziz Ansari were on hand to introduce surprise guest, Nas.


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CLINICAL TRIAL STUDY
Effect of Pentoxifylline on Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Severe Sepsis
Hanaa A. Elgendy1, Haytham M. Ibrahim2, Bahaa Eldeen E. Hasan1, Amr Sobhy A. Elkawe1, *
1 Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
2 Department of Critical Care, Maadi Military Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Publisher Id: TOATJ-14-14
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© 2020 Elgendy et al.
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
* Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, anesthesia, intensive care and pain management, Cairo, Egypt; Tel: 00201063394383, E-mail: dr.amrsobhy2013@gmail.com
Sepsis and infection are among the leading causes of death world-wide. The annual burden of sepsis in high-income countries is rising with a mortality rate of 40% and 90% of the worldwide deaths from pneumonia, meningitis or other infections occur in less developed countries. This study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of pentoxifylline as an adjuvant therapy in septic patients and its effect on multiple organ dysfunction and mortality in septic patients.
This randomized, double-blinded prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to November 2018, which included a total sample size of 52 cases of septic patients. Organ dysfunction was used as a primary outcome with proposed large effect size ((0.8) and alfa =0.05 and power=0.80, so, 26 cases were needed in each group). Secondary outcomes were inflammatory markers C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and pro-calcitonin, duration of hospital stay, need for hemodialysis, need for vasopressor & inotropes, need for mechanical ventilation and 28 days survival.
Fifty-two patients with sepsis were divided in 1: 1 ratio to receive pentoxifylline or not. The average age of the included patients was almost 53 years, chest disorders were the main cause of sepsis in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in terms of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, lactate level, CRP level and pro-calcitonin level. As regards secondary outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences between study's groups in terms of length of hospital stay (p =0.707), need for hemodialysis (p =0.541), need for vasopressor & inotropes (p =0.249), need for mechanical ventilation (p =0.703), and 28 days survival (p =0.5).
We concluded that pentoxifylline as an adjuvant therapy in septic patients had no significant influence on multiple organ dysfunction and mortality.
Keywords: CRP , Mortality , Pentoxifylline , Procalcitonin , Sepsis , SOFA .
View Abstract Download PDF
Sepsis and infection are among the leading causes of death world-wide. The annual burden of sepsis in high income countries is rising with a mortality of 40%. Despite these figures from industrialized countries, the largest part of the global sepsis burden occurs in middle and low- income countries, 90% of the worldwide deaths from pneumonia, meningitis or other infections occur in less developed countries [1].
Severe sepsis is defined as sepsis associated with organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion, or hypotension. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to, lactic acidosis, oliguria, or alteration in mental status [2]. In 2016, the surviving sepsis campaign defined sepsis as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to an infection [3].
In septic patients, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alfa (TNF-α) is the first pro-inflammatory cytokine that is released, followed by interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8. TNF-α and IL-1 are the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines; they are biologically closely related, act synergistically, and are largely responsible for the clinical manifestation of sepsis [4].
Pentoxifylline (PTX), (1-[5-oxohexyl]-3, 7-dimethylxanthine), a methylxanthine derivative and non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, among its other actions, inhibits the production of TNF-α, preserves microvascular blood flow, prevents circulatory failure and intestinal vasoconstriction and has beneficial effects on endothelial cell function and coagulation in sepsis [5].
PTX enhances anti-inflammatory activity and decreases mortality in acute endotoxemia and may be an important adjunct to therapies aiming to modulate the inflammatory response in sepsis [5]. This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of pentoxifylline as an adjuvant therapy in severe sepsis and its effect on multiple organ dysfunction and mortality in septic patients.
This randomized, double blinded prospective study was conducted between October 2017 to November 2018 at Ain Shams University Hospitals' Intensive Care Units and Maadi Military Hospital on patients with severe sepsis according to the definitions of Sepsis Surviving Campaign (SSC) 2016 [3]. Total sample size of 52 cases organ dysfunction using SOFA score was used as a primary outcome with proposed large effect size ((0.8) and alfa=0.05 and power=0.80, so, 26 cases were needed in each group). Secondary outcomes were inflammatory markers (CRP and pro-calcitonin), duration of hospital stay, need for hemodialysis, need for vasopressor & inotropes, need for mechanical ventilation and 28 days survival.
2.1. Selection Criteria of the Studied Groups
2.1.1. Inclusion Criteria
1- Adult patients age ≥18 years.
2- Patients with severe sepsis. The diagnosis of severe sepsis was established according to the definitions of SSC [3].
3- Sepsis was due to either nosocomial pneumonia or pelvic-abdominal sepsis.
2.1.2. Exclusion Criteria
(1) Late septic shock at presentation with multiple organ failure.
(2) APACHE II score on admission >25.
(3) Preexisting liver cirrhosis.
(4) Preexisting end stage renal disease
(5) Pregnancy.
(6) History of allergy or intolerance to Pentoxifylline.
(7) Patient with malignancies
(8) Uncontrolled hemorrhage
(9) Burn
(10) Previous steroid therapy
(11) Death within 24 hours of ICU admission
Patients who were diagnosed as having severe sepsis due to either nosocomial pneumonia or pelvi-abdominal sepsis; and did not meet any of the exclusion criteria were prospectively included in the study then randomly divided to either receiving conventional sepsis therapy alone according to guidelines or to receive conventional sepsis therapy in addition to pentoxifylline 1 mg/kg/hour intravenous maximum 1800 mg/day during 28 days or until they were discharged from the intensive care unit or died.
2.2. Patients with Severe Sepsis were Subjected to the Following
2.2.1. Clinical Evaluation
History and physical examination with special emphasis on vital signs (Blood pressure, pulse, Temperature and Respiratory Rate) and Glasgow Coma Scale were continuously evaluated.
2.2.2. Routine Laboratory Investigations
CBC (complete blood count)
Coagulation profile: PT, INR and PTT.
ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases).
Central Venous Oxygen Saturation.
Liver Function Tests: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Total bilirubin (TBL) and albumin.
Kidney Function Tests: urea, and serum creatinine.
These routine tests were conducted daily.
Labs Specific for the Study
On day 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14.
2.2.3. Microbiological Studies
Including cultures (sputum, blood, urine or biological fluid according to clinical suspicion) on day 1.
2.2.4. Imaging Studies
Required to Identify the Source of Sepsis e.g. (pelvi-abdominal CT, Ultrasound and Chest x-ray).
2.2.5. Clinical Data
The following data were evaluated up to a maximum follow up period of 28 days of ICU stay.
Length of hospital stay.
Need for and duration of Mechanical Ventilation (MV).
Need for and duration of vassopresor and inotropic support.
Need for haemodialysis.
2.2.5.1. Final Outcome Survivors
A) Patients recovered and discharged from Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
B) Patients still morbid and stayed in ICU for more than 28 days.
2.2.5.2. Non-Survivors
Death before the Completion of the 28 Days of the Study Period
2.2.6. Application of APACHE II and SOFA Scoring Systems
APACHE II score was evaluated on study day 1; while SOFA score was evaluated on study day 1 and serially every day until ICU discharge or death or up to 28 days.
2.3. Statistical Analysis and Sample Size
Data entry, processing, and statistical analysis were carried out using MedCalc version 15.8. Frequency tables with percentages were used for categorical variables and descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range) were used for numerical variables. Tests of significance (Chi-square, student's t-test, or Mann Whitney's test) were used according to the normality of the data. A P-values of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Total sample size of 52 cases (organ dysfunction using SOFA score was used as a primary outcome with proposed large effect size (0.8) and alfa=0.05 and power=0.80, so, 26 cases were needed in each group
This randomized, double-blinded prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to November 2018, 105 septic patients were assessed for eligibility, but only 52 patients were included in the study (Fig. 1). The average age of the included patients was almost 53 years, chest disorders were the main cause of sepsis in both groups (Table 1). Considering the baseline clinical parameters, there were no statistically significant differences between both groups in terms of SOFA score (p =0.496), APACHE II score (p =0.26), lactate level (p =0.235), CRP level (p =0.503), and pro-calcitonin level (p =0.698) (Table 2). On day 3, there were no statistically significant differences between both groups in terms of SOFA score (p =0.629), lactate level (p =0.209), CRP level (p =0.934), and pro-calcitonin level (p =0.502) (Table 3). Similarly, day 7 showed no statistically significant differences between both groups in terms of SOFA score (p =0.58), lactate level (p =0.303), CRP level (p =0.253), and pro-calcitonin level (p =0.466) (Table 4). On day 10, there were no statistically significant differences between both groups in terms of SOFA score (p =0.316), lactate level (p =0.39), CRP level (p =0.624), and pro-calcitonin level (p =0.209) (Table 5). In terms of the primary outcome on day 14, SOFA score was numerically lower in pentoxifylline group than the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p =0.655). Similarly, there was no significant difference between both groups in terms of lactate level (p =0.574), CRP level (p =0.740), and pro-calcitonin level (p =0.707) (Table 6). Regarding secondary outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference between studied groups in terms of length of hospital stay (p =0.707), need for hemodialysis (p =0.541), need for vasopressor & inotropic support (p =0.249), need for mechanical ventilation (p =0.703), and 28 days survival (p =0.5) (Table 7).
The word sepsis was used as early as the time of the ancient Greeks to describe decomposition or putrefaction [6]. In 2001, an attempt was made to revisit the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, but the resultant list of signs and symptoms of sepsis was too long to be widely accepted, and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, however inadequate, continued to be used [7].
In 2016, the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine propose that sepsis be regarded as the presence of life-threatening organ dysfunction, quantified by an increase in SOFA of at least 2 for the organ in question, which occurs as the result of a dysregulated host response to an infection [3].
In septic patients, TNF-α is the first pro-inflammatory cytokine that is released, followed by IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8. PTX enhances anti-inflammatory activity and decreases mortality in acute endotoxemia. PTX may be an important adjunct to therapies aiming to modulate the inflammatory response in sepsis [5].
We conducted this study to assess the therapeutic efficiency of PTX as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and its effect on multiple organ dysfunction and mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Our results showed that the SOFA score was numerically lower in the PTX group than the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant (mean (SD)= 7.48 (7.6) in PTX versus 8.39 (7.07) in control, p=0.655). This finding came in contrast with a previous double-blind, placebo-controlled study that randomized 51 surgical patients with severe sepsis to receive PTX continuously (27 patients) or saline infusion as placebo (24 patients). Patients received PTX (1 mg/kg of body weight per hour; maximum, 1800 mg/d) for 28 days or until they were discharged from the intensive care unit or died. The results showed that the multiple organ dysfunction score was significantly reduced in the PTX group than the placebo group [8]. Difference in the calculation of organ failure, co-interventions, and influences that impact organ failure between this and the previous study may justify this contradiction.
Regarding the lactate level, our results showed no significant difference between the PTX group and the control group (mean (SD)= 6.56 (4.5) in PTX versus 6.87(3.8) in control, p= 0.58). Previous studies have reported the use of lactate as a marker for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tissue hypoxia in shock. A patient with severe sepsis with significant hypoperfusion (lactate > 4 mmol/l) is considered to be in shock even without the necessary hypotension criteria. Therefore, there is enough evidence to state that normotensive patients with severe sepsis and significant lactic acidosis, should receive early antibiotics, hemodynamic monitoring and adequate resuscitation [9].
Our results showed that the PTX group and the control group were comparable in terms of CRP level (mean (SD) = 81.32 (74) in PTX versus 85.57 (64.9) in control, p= 0.740). This is in agreement with a prospective, double-blind, controlled study, which enrolled 104 new-borns with suspicion of sepsis. The patients were divided into four groups according to treatment protocol: Group 1 = placebo, Group 2 = PTX, Group 3 = IgM-enriched IVIG, and Group 4 = PTX + IgM-enriched IVIG. Blood samples were taken for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, neutrophil CD64 expression, and TNF-α measurements immediately before treatment (1st day), and measurements were repeated on the 2nd and 4th days of the therapy. The results showed that there was no significant difference among compared groups regarding CPR level [10].
However, this finding is in contrast to the study by Shabaan et al. [11], which included 120 preterm infants with late-onset sepsis, who were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous PTX 5 mg/kg/hr for 6 hours on 6 successive days or placebo. The results showed that PTX was associated with a significant reduction in CRP than placebo. Shabaan et al. used PTX 5 mg and enrolled preterm infants; therefore, the differences in the doses of PTX in addition to the differences in study populations may justify this contrary.
Regarding procalcitonin level, our analysis showed that there was no significant difference between PTX and control (mean (SD) = 7.53 (7.3) in PTX versus 8.14 (5.92) in control, p=0.71). Procalcitonin is one of the most useful markers of systemic bacterial infection [12]. Compared to all other currently available sepsis markers, procalcitonin is valuable in the differentiation between infectious and non-infectious systemic inflammation in low acuity patients [12, 13].
Fig (1). Enrollment.
Table 1. Demographic characteristics.
Pentoxifylline Group (N =26)
Control Group (N=26)
Age in years
1. Mean (SD) 53.42 (10.57) 53.77 (9.54) 0.902
1. Mean (SD) 84.50 (11.25) 83.65 (10.54) 0.78
Gender - - - - -
1. Male 17 65.4 18 69.2 0.99
2. Female 9 34.6 8 30.8 -
Causes of Sepsis - - - - -
1. ABDOMEN 5 19.2 7 26.9 -
2. CHEST 16 61.5 15 57.7 0.47
3. UTI 5 19.2 4 15.4 -
Data are presented as mean (SD) or Number with %
Table 2. Baseline clinical parameters.
Mann-Whitney Test
SOFA score - - - -
- Median (IQR) 8 (6.75 -12) 9 (7 -12.25) - 0.496
APACHE II score - - - -
- Median (IQR) 13 (11-14) 12 (11-14) - 0.26
Lactate at baseline (mmol/L) - - 276.000 0.235
- Mean (SD) 8.77 (2.9) 9.62 (2.9)
CRP (mg/dL) - - 298.000 0.503
- Mean (SD) 109 (40.3) 108.5 (43.37)
Pro-calcitonin (ng/ml) - - 317.000 0.698
- Mean (SD) 12.81 (2.62) 12.92 (2.62)
Data are presented as mean (SD), median or Number with %
Table 3. Clinical parameters on day 3.
Pentoxifylline Group
(N =26)
- Median (IQR) 10 (5 -11.25) 9.5 (6.75 -12) - 0.626
Lactate (mmol/L) - - 270.000 0.209
- Mean (SD) 8.65 (2.74) 9.58 (2.87)
- Mean (SD) 120.08 (45.7) 121.38 (45.4)
- Median (IQR) 8 (4.75 – 11.25) 9 (5 -14.25) - 0.58
- Mean (SD) 104.46 (58.8) 118.42 (58.18)
- Mean (SD) 9.81 (5.16) 10.65 (4.4)
Table 5. Clinical parameters on day 10.
- Median (IQR) 5.5 (2.75 – 9.75) 7 (3.5 – 16) - 0.316
Lactate (mmol/L) - - 280.000 0.39
- Mean (SD) 92.5 (64.8) 102.64 (66.43)
- Mean (SD) 8.425 (6.34) 9.76 (5.06)
Pentoxifylline
- Median (IQR) 5 (2 -13.5) 5 (3 -16) - 0.655
- Mean (SD) 81.32 (74) 85.57 (64.9)
- Mean (SD) 7.532 (7.3) 8.1391 (5.92)
Table 7. Secondary outcomes of the studied groups.
Length of hospital Stay - - -
- Mean (SD) 21.31 (5.95) 22.92 (9.49) 0.707
Need for hemodialysis - - - - -
- Yes 6 23.1 9 34.6 0.541
- No 20 76.9 17 65.4 -
Need for Vasopressor & Inotropic support - - - - -
- Yes 21 80.8 23 88.5 0.249
- No 5 19.2 3 11.5 -
Duration of Vasopressor & Inotropic, days - - 0.15
- Mean (SD) 7.8 (1.02) 7.4 (0.98)
Need for mechanical ventilation - - -
Duration of mechanical ventilation - - 0.19
- Mean (SD) 7.2 (1.1) 6.8 (1.09)
Survived - - -
- Yes 20 76.9 19 73.1 0.5
Considering secondary outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences between study groups in terms of length of ICU stay (mean (SD)= 21.31 (5.95) in PTX versus 22.92 (9.49) in control, p =0.707), need for HD (N (%)= 6 (23.1%) in PTX versus 9 (34.6%) in control, p =0.541), need for vasopressor and inotropic (21 (80.8%) in PTX versus 23 (88.5%) in control, p =0.249), need for MV (14 (53.8%) in PTX versus 16 (61.5%) in control, p =0.703). In agreement with our results, Akdag et al. [10] did not find a significant effect of PTX on the length of hospital stay compared to placebo (median (range) in days= 28 (5-246) in PTX versus 27 (1-168) in placebo).
On the other hand, Shabaan et al. [11] found that the length of hospital stay was significantly lower in the PTX group than the placebo group (31.3 (12.2) in PTX versus 38.3 (12.3) in placebo, p=0.04). Furthermore, patients in the PTX group had less need for vasopressors support than those in the placebo group. The variations in the PTX doses and study populations may justify this contrary.
Regarding mortality rate, our results showed no significant difference between PTX and control (6 (23.1%) in PTX versus 7 (26.9%) in control, p= 0.5). Our results accord with the findings of Staubach et al. [8], who reported that PTX and placebo were comparable in terms of 28-day mortality (8/27 (30%) in PTX versus 8/24 (33%) in placebo). Moreover, the results by Shabaan et al. [11] did not favour PTX over control in mortality rate (6 (10%) in PTX versus (10 (16.5%) in placebo, p= 0.44). In addition, Akdag et al. [10]. found no significant difference between PTX and placebo regarding the mortality rate (5 (9.8%) in PTX versus 2 (3.9%) in placebo.
We concluded that PTX as adjuvant therapy in severe sepsis had no significant influence on the SOFA score, lactate level, CRP level, and pro-calcitonin level compared to control. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in terms of length of hospital stay, need for hemodialysis, need for vasopressor and inotropic, need for MV, and mortality rate. Further large clinical trials are recommended to assess the effectiveness of PTX, especially with regards to organ failure, survival, and dose dependency.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Haytham M. Ibrahim has full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data. Bahaa El Deen E. Hasan, Hanaa A. El Gendy and Amr S. Abd El Kawe designed and conceptualized the study. Haytham M. Ibrahim, Bahaa El Deen E. Hasan, Hanaa A. El Gendy and Amr S. Abd El Kawe acquired the data. Analysis and interpretation of data: Bahaa El Deen E. Hasan, Hanaa A. El Gendy, Amr S. Abd El Kawe . Haytham M. Ibrahim drafted the manuscript. Bahaa El Deen E. Hasan, Hanaa A. El Gendy and Amr S. Abd El Kawe critically revised the manuscript for intellectual content.
The Faculty of Medicine Research Ethics committee approval was taken (FWA 000017585).
Written consent was taken from the patients or the next of kins.
STANDARD OF REPORTING
CONSORT guidelines and methodology were followed.
The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.
We would like to thank all our colleagues at the Ain Shams University Hospitals' Intensive Care Units and Maadi Military Hospital who performed extensive data entry.
[1] Adhikari NK, Fowler RA, Bhagwanjee S, Rubenfeld GD. Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults. Lancet 2010; 376(9749): 1339-46.
[2] Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012. Crit Care Med 2013; 41(2): 580-637.
[3] Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 2016; 315(8): 801-10.
[4] Schulte W, Bernhagen J, Bucala R. Cytokines in sepsis: Potent immunoregulators and potential therapeutic targets: An updated view. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of Inflammation 2013; 2013: 165974.
[5] Coimbra R, Melbostad H, Loomis W, Tobar M, Hoyt DB. Phosphodiesterase inhibition decreases nuclear factor-kappaB activation and shifts the cytokine response toward anti-inflammatory activity in acute endotoxemia. J Trauma 2005; 59(3): 575-82.
[6] Ward PA, Bosmann M. A historical perspective on sepsis. Am J Pathol 2012; 181(1): 2-7.
[7] Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ ACCP/ATS/SIS international sepsis definitions conference. Crit Care Med 2003; 31(4): 1250-6.
[8] Staubach KH, Schröder J, Stüber F, Gehrke K, Traumann E, Zabel P. Effect of pentoxifylline in severe sepsis: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Surg 1998; 133(1): 94-100.
[9] Holder AL, Gupta N, Lulaj E, et al. Predictors of early progression to severe sepsis or shock among emergency department patients with nonsevere sepsis. Int J Emerg Med 2016; 9(1): 10.
[10] Akdag A, Dilmen U, Haque K, Dilli D, Erdeve O, Goekmen T. Role of pentoxifylline and/or IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin in the management of neonatal sepsis. Am J Perinatol 2014; 31(10): 905-12.
[11] Shabaan AE, Nasef N, Shouman B, Nour I, Mesbah A, Abdel-Hady H. Pentoxifylline therapy for late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34(6): e143-8.
[12] Riedel S, Melendez JH, An AT, Rosenbaum JE, Zenilman JM. Procalcitonin as a marker for the detection of bacteremia and sepsis in the emergency department. Am J Clin Pathol 2011; 135(2): 182-9.
[13] Harbarth S, Holeckova K, Froidevaux C, et al. Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in critically ill patients admitted with suspected sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164(3): 396-402.
K. Ren
Department of Neural and Pain Sciences
Biography of K. Ren
Dr. Ke Ren completed his Ph.D studies in the University of Lowa and postdoctoral studies at the National Institutes of Health. He has nearly 40 years of experience in biochemical research focusing on Neurosciences and Pain. He is a Professor in the Department of Neural and Pain Sciences at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry. He has published more than 180 manuscripts and book chapters. He is the Editor-in-Chief of The Open Pain Journal and The Open Anesthesiology Journal since 2015. He has been serving as an editorial board member of Pain, Journal of Pain, Evidence-Based complementary and alternative Medicine, Pain Research and treatment, and Odontology.
Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
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The Open Anesthesia Journal
Selection Criteria of the Studied Groups
Patients with Severe Sepsis were Subjected to the Following
Routine Laboratory Investigations
Microbiological Studies
Final Outcome Survivors
Non-Survivors
Application of APACHE II and SOFA Scoring Systems
Statistical Analysis and Sample Size
The Open Anesthesia Journal is an Open Access online journal, which publishes research articles, reviews, letters, case reports and guest-edited single topic issues in all areas of experimental and clinical research in anesthesia, pharmacokinetics, anesthetic mechanisms, critical care, preoperative care, clinical skills, cost issues, coexisting disease and other factors affecting treatment with an academic degree. Bentham Open ensures speedy peer review process and accepted papers are published within 2 weeks of final acceptance.
The Open Anesthesia Journal is committed to ensuring high quality of research published. We believe that a dedicated and committed team of editors and reviewers make it possible to ensure the quality of the research papers. The overall standing of a journal is in a way, reflective of the quality of its Editor(s) and Editorial Board and its members.
The Open Anesthesia Journal is seeking energetic and qualified researchers to join its editorial board team as Editorial Board Members or reviewers.
The essential criteria to become Editorial Board Members of The Open Anesthesia Journal are as follows:
Experience in experimental and clinical research in anesthesia, pharmacokinetics, anesthetic mechanisms, critical care, preoperative care, clinical skills, cost issues, coexisting disease and other factors affecting treatment with an academic degree.
At least 20 publication records of articles and /or books related to the field of experimental and clinical research in anesthesia, pharmacokinetics, anesthetic mechanisms, critical care, preoperative care, clinical skills, cost issues, coexisting disease and other factors affecting treatment with an academic degree or in a specific research field.

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text:
Venice 2015 review: 14 recommended pavilions and shows
Recipients of a-n's Go and See Venice bursary pick some of their highlights from the 56th Venice Biennale.
Go and See Venice Bursary
Joan Jonas: US Pavilion, Giardini
This lived up to high expectations. An immersive installation (pictured above) featuring video, drawings and objects, it is an ode to storytelling where the constituent elements come together with Jonas' characteristic alchemy. The mesmerising atmosphere is punctuated with striking and memorable images conjured from natural imagery – bees, fish, horses – all made mystical.
Christodoulos Panayiotou: Cyprus Pavilion, Palazzo Malipiero, Sestiere San Marco
An elegant presentation of sculptures investigating the use value of objects, both historical and modern. Icon paintings whose gods are absent sit alongside mounds of shredded Cypriot currency and rearranged ancient mosaic tiles. These ruined fragments tell new stories which are both politically astute and aesthetically resonant with the city of Venice.
Proportio, Palazzo Fortuny
A show about geometry and the golden ratio has potential to be rather dry, however this smorgasbord of artworks is anything but. Ancient carved stone fragments sit alongside mathematical diagrams, 20th century abstract canvasses, architectural models, portraits and much more. A triumph of juxtaposing the old with the new, making unexpected connections across centuries and disciplines.
Selected by Holly Slingsby
Chiharu Shiota: Japan Pavilion, Giardini
Thousands of keys, red string, a couple of small boats – and some jam – make up a single installation that fills the Japanese pavilion (pictured above). The work is both beautiful and mesmerizing, uplifting and positive. Don't miss the four small videos tucked under the pavilion, where kindergarden children tell of their memories from before and immediately after they were born.
Jaume Plensa: Basilica San Giorgio Maggiore, Isola di S. Giorgio Maggiore
Figurative, sculptural and far from the political, Jaume Plensa shows a series of heads and drawings that are simply outstanding.
Selected by Aeneas Wilder
My East is Your West: Palazzo Benzon, San Marco
Featuring artists Rashid Rana (Pakistan) and Shilpa Gupta (India), and curated by Natasha Ginwala and Martina Mazzotta, this emotive show brings together two artists from the historically divided countries. Through the sharing of narratives and use of significantly different mediums, the artists successfully personalise the political and draw into focus the relevance of contemporary collaboration to empower change, friendship and growth.
Graham Fagen: Scotland + Venice, Palazzo Fontana
The first show I visited at Venice, Fagen's audio-visual installation in the exhibition's main room became my soundtrack for the Biennale. I connected to this work on a primal level and it has stayed with me, even now, on reaching home. Read our Q&A with Graham Fagen
Herman de Vries: Dutch Pavilion, Giardini
Focusing on the physical and natural world, Herman de Vries considers experience and reflection through the use of nature and its materials. If you can, join one of the boat trips this month to the deserted island of Lazaretto Vecchio – it was a privileged to get an insight into a space that few Venetians have experienced.
Selected by Sarah Lawton
Armenity/Hayoutioun: Republic of Armenia Pavilion, San Lazzaro degli Armeni
A deserving winner of the Golden Lion for best national pavilion (pictured above), this show takes place at the Mekhitarist Monastery, established in 1717 by the Armenian monk Mekhitar on the island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni. Featuring a diaspora of artists related to Armenia spanning Finland, Germany, USA, Iran, Palestine, Italy and more, the exhibition commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. The curatorial concept of armenity implies, say the exhibition's organisers, 'the notion of displacement and territory, justice and reconciliation, ethos and resilience'. One artist's work in particular, Nina Katchadourian (USA/Finland), stood out. Accent Elimination (2005), whilst not shirking from serious critique for a second, addressed an important topic with lightness and humour.
Hito Steyerl: German Pavilion; Moon Kyungwon and Jeon Joonho: South Korean Pavilion, Giardini
Both Factory in the Sun by Hito Steyerl and The Ways of Folding Space & Flying, a project by Moon Kyungwon and Jeon Joonho, tackle in high definition what the era of high frequency trading bots and environmental disaster might mean to an emerging subjectivity of a particularly post-human sort. Both interrogate through their productions what relevance might remain for art today – a hard thing to pull off within the walls of the Garden.
Selected by Ami Clarke
The Union of Fire and Water: Palazzo Barbaro, San Marco
Drawing on the rich historical links between Venice and Baku, Azerbaijan, this exhibition curated by Suad Garayeva creates a rich cultural interrelation of the two cities. The stunning restored 15th century palace collides perfectly with the sculpture and video installations by Almagul Menlibayeva and Rashad Alakbarov: a rich tapestry of layered dialogue and exciting site-specific work.
Vita Vitale: Azerbaijan Pavilion, Ca' Garzoni, San Marco
Curated by Susie Allen, Laura Culpan and Dea Vanagan of Artwise, this mixed, multi-media exhibition shows an impressive range of strong work beautifully curated and installed in this sumptuous canalside palace. Highlights include a dramatic geometric wall painting by Paul Huxley, the inspiring 77-year-old former professor of painting at the RCA, and a quirky sculptural installation with railway sleepers and clay monkeys.
Selected by Susan Stockwell
Origins of Civilisation: Syrian Pavilion, San Servolo island
The Syrian Pavilion is in two violently dissonant parts, begging many questions. One is a room full of beautiful, colourful, seductive paintings and Heliopolis, an installation made of gorgeously painted packaging, all by non-Syrian artists. The other contains work by four artists from Syria, referencing the outrages committed by IS and the destruction of the country.
Selected by Jane Lawson
The 56th Venice Biennale, 9 May – 22 November 2015. www.labiennale.org
All selections chosen by recipients of the 2015 round of a-n's Go and See Venice bursaries, which enabled 21 artists to attend the preview period for the 56th Venice Biennale
More on a-n.co.uk:
Venice 2015 review: All The World's Futures exhibition
Venice 2015 preview: Ten… alternative projects at the Biennale
Venice 2015 preview: Ten… must-see Collateral events
Venice 2015 preview: Ten… must-see national pavilions
a-n Editorial


The stock market ended the Tuesday affair on a lower note as investors favored risk-off trade ahead of key central bank decisions and next week's "Brexit" referendum. Additional factors contributing towards today's decline included strengthening in the dollar, a leg lower in oil, the violation of technical support at the S&P 500's (-0.2%) 50-day simple moving average (2076), and weakness in the heavily-weighted financial (-1.5%) and consumer discretionary (-0.3%) sectors. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (-0.3%) finished behind the benchmark index (-0.2%) and behind the Nasdaq Composite (-0.1%).
U.S. equity indices opened on a choppy note as investors weighed on-going developments in "Brexit" polling. Overnight, European indices trended lower as polling showed building momentum around the U.K.'s "Leave" camp. In response, risk assets continued to fall out of favor in Europe while sovereign bonds saw increased demand. On that note, the yield on the 10-yr Bund fell into negative territory, marking an all-time low (-0.034%).
The benchmark index surrendered a modest early gain before breaching technical support at its 50-day simple moving average (2076). The major averages slipped through the morning as pressure from the oil pit and the heavyweight financial (-1.5%) and consumer discretionary (-0.3%) groups weighed on the broader market. The S&P 500 (-0.2%) notched a new session low in the final hour of trade (2064.04) before settling below its 50-day simple moving average.
Four sectors ended beneath their flat lines as financials (-1.5%), materials (-0.8%), and consumer discretionary (-0.3%) rounded out the leaderboard. Conversely, telecom services (+0.5%), utilities (+0.5%), and consumer staples (+0.3%) ended with the largest gains.
In the economically-sensitive financial sector (-1.5%), money center banks underperformed as the group responded to a downturn in European banks. Credit Suisse (CS 11.80, -0.29) and Deutsche Bank (DB 14.73, -0.45) ended lower by 2.4% and 3.0%, respectively. It is worth noting that Deutsche Bank notched a fresh all-time low during today's session (14.59). Meanwhile, credit service names underperformed after Synchrony Financial (SYF 26.45, -3.99) raised its net charge-off estimates for the year. The stock fell 13.1% following the news. Dow component American Express (AXP 61.07, -2.60) rounded out the price-weighted index as it traded lower in sympathy with Synchrony.
Home Depot (HD 125.24, -2.59) and Lowe's (LOW 76.08, -1.42) also struggled today after the Retail Sales Report for May (+0.5%; Briefing.com consensus +0.4%) revealed that building materials, garden equipment, and supplies dealers saw sales decline 1.8% on a month-over-month basis. Nevertheless, the SPDR S&P Retail ETF (XRT 41.08, -0.12) ended its day in-line with the broader consumer discretionary sector (-0.3%).
The countercyclical sectors outperformed today with telecom services (+0.5%), utilities (+0.5%) and consumer staples (+0.3%) each seeing a modest bid from safe haven inflows. On that note, the three groups top the monthly leaderboard, gaining between 1.9% and 3.2%. This compares to a loss of 1.0% in the benchmark index over that time. Elsewhere, the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX 20.54, -0.43) ended lower by 2.1% while gold ended its pit session higher by 0.1% ($1,288.40/ozt; +$1.50).
The U.S. Dollar Index (94.94, +0.57) finished off its best level of the day, but the greenback ended with sizable gains against the euro and the pound. The euro/dollar pair ended lower by 0.8% (1.1206) while the pound lost 1.1% against the dollar (1.4108). Persistent strength in the dollar pressured dollar-denominated commodities as oil ended its day lower by 0.8% ($48.49/bbl; -$0.39).
The Treasury complex ended lower with the yield on the 10-yr note rising one basis point to 1.62%.
Today's participation was above the recent average as more than 881 million shares changed hands on the NYSE floor.
Import prices increased 1.4% in May due primarily to higher fuel prices. Excluding fuel, they were up 0.3%.
May marked the second straight month of increases for nonfuel import prices, which are still down 1.7% year-over-year.
Export prices were up 1.1% in May. Excluding agriculture, they advanced 1.0%.
It was the third straight month of increases for nonagricultural export prices, which are down 4.4% year-over-year.
These price trends are starting to move in the Fed's preferred direction, yet they won't change anything with respect to this week's meeting, which is widely expected to result in a decision to leave the target range for the fed funds rate unchanged.
Retail sales increased 0.5% in May (Briefing.com consensus +0.3%) while retail sales excluding autos increased 0.4% (Briefing.com consensus +0.4%).
Notably, there were no revisions to the prior month, which saw the strongest monthly sales gain since Mach 2015.
Core retail sales, which exclude auto, gasoline station, building equipment, and food services sales, were up 0.4% after a 1.0% increase in April.
That is a favorable development for second quarter GDP since these sales factor into the computation of the goods component for personal consumption expenditures.
The main pockets of weakness in May were sales at building material, garden equipment and supplies dealers (-1.8%), miscellaneous store retailers (-1.2%), and department stores (-0.9%).
Conversely, the strongest increases were logged by gasoline stations (+2.1%), nonstore retailers (+1.3%), and sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores (+1.3%).
Total business inventories increased 0.1% in April (Briefing.com consensus +0.2%) after a downwardly revised 0.3% increase (from +0.4%) in March.
Manufacturers' inventories (-0.1%) and wholesaler inventories (+0.6%) were already known. Retailer inventories were the only unknown and they declined 0.1% on the heels of a 0.9% increase in March.
The biggest drivers of the decline in retailer inventories were general merchandise store (-0.5%) and furniture, home furnishings, electronics and appliance store (-0.5%) inventories.
Motor vehicle dealer inventories rose 0.1% while food and beverage stores and clothing and clothing accessories stores inventories increased 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively.
The total business inventory-to-sales ratio was 1.40 in April versus 1.41 in March. In the April period a year ago, it was 1.37.
Tomorrow's economic calendar includes the 7:00 ET release of the weekly MBA Mortgage Index. Meanwhile, May Core PPI (Briefing.com consensus +0.1%) and Empire Manufacturing for June (Briefing.com consensus -1.6) will cross the wires at 8:30 ET. At 9:15 ET, Industrial Production (Briefing.com consensus -0.1%) and Capacity Utilization (Briefing.com consensus 75.2%) will each be released. Finally, the day's data will be capped off with the June FOMC Rate Decision and April Net Long-Term TIC Flows, which will be reported at 14:00 ET and 16:00 ET, respectively.


text:
Q: Counting and ordered triplets
For the first part i get 4  and for second part i get 12,but for the last part, i am a bit stuck on how to answer it?

A: You have a total of $10$ squares, so the answer to (c) would be $$10\cdot 4\cdot 100=4000.$$
This is obtained by multiplying the number of squares by the number of cubes by the number of elements $z\in S$, which has the combinatorial meaning of calculating the number of triples required.

A: The squares in $S$ are: $1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81,100$. So there are $10$ squares in $S$.
The cubes in $S$ are: $1, 8, 27, 64$. So there are $4$ cubes in $S$.
$z$ can be free to be any number from $1$ to $100$. So there are $100$ choices for $z$.
The answer for part c) is: $10\times 4\times 100 = 4000$ ordered triples.

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With a Maltman® from Sommer, the malt grain is broken into a semolina, whereby the flour portion is kept low and the spume is largely preserved. This makes the malt ideal for the brewing process and at the same time provides for a natural filter layer during lautering.
Malt mills from Sommer are used in ambitious house and hobby breweries as well as in micro breweries, and they can be used for brewing up to 30HL per brew.
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the ear plug pin slot was not working. There is serious network problem with the phone.
it is a dual sim phone but when but the sims are inserted the mobile data does not work.
the touch screen is too bad ..................camera clarity is also not at all the up 2 mark its not 5MP we can say its 1MP camera . To pick a call it take more time i have to press the touch screen tightly .BY paying 10K its not at all satisfactory.
Product have some problem. I have to return it. So not satisfied.
it should be named grand neo minus.
When i bought this mobile, there is no problem found in this handset. After a month of using suddenly it become hang very much on using internet. when this mobile become hang, only buttons works properly and touch become freeze. so choice is your. i didn,t recommend you to buy this mobile.
This is my experiences after using it atmost 3 months.
Samsung the name will do. It is good phine . so for no issues it works well.


Believe it or not there are two boxes missing from this photo - they were still in the car!
Rex thought the boxes were interesting.
Wow - they certainly took the book lending business seriously huh? That is the sum total of my thrifty adventures this week - and quite enough to contend with! I hope you managed to get out and about and find some treasures this week. If you click on the link below, you can share them with us!
My sister lives in Kapunda, and I think I may have met the lady that instigated that stern warning many years ago......although she is probably so old now, she wouldnt remember wording it.........Have you ever been down to the museum in Kapunda....wwhhhoooaaa,,spooky stuff downstairs...but well worth a visit.
Wow thats a lot of books to toss out! I just dont get that the opshops want to charge so much for stuff and then throw stuff out!! OK I understand people aren't reading paper books any more BUT really!
Confirmed. Serendipity is the name of the op shop angel watching over you Sue!


Remedial massage is the systematic assessment and treatment of the muscles, tendons, ligaments and connective tissues of the body to assist in rehabilitation, pain and injury.
Deep tissue massage removes blockages, damaged cells, scar tissue and adhesions left after injury. It may speed up recovery and encourage more complete healing. It is also used for lifestyle conditions such as RSI and back pain, as well as muscular dysfunction caused by bad posture and work habits.
Remedial massage can involve using a variety of techniques to help provide an improvement in muscular tension. A remedial massage appointment will involve a pre-massage postural and functional assessment to identify the areas of dysfunction, and a post massage re-assessment to assess changes to these areas.
It is important to note- During a session, depending on the methods used, tenderness may be felt in the areas being treated. The clients' feedback is encouraged to pinpoint problematic areas and to regulate pressure. It does not set out to relax the patient.
If you are new to massage, it is not uncommon to be tender the day after treatment as your muscles recover. This usually passes within 24 hours. Drinking plenty of water after treatment helps flush out toxins that are released from the affected muscles.
Myotherapists take into account all aspects of health and wellness of the client to include not only the physical, but psychological and occupational aspects of the individual. It incorporates not only trigger point therapy, but also massage, stretching, dry needling and cupping. Advice may be given at the appointment regarding exercises, stretching, or other lifestyle factors that may assist your recovery.
When you experience relaxation massage, you can expect a treatment that involves: Long smooth gliding strokes that are rhythmic and flowing. Pressure that is deeply relaxing, but not painful. A treatment that is designed to soothe and relax you, not to relieve chronic pain or other underlying ailments.
Everyone talks about them, but what exactly are they?
trigger points, are described as hyperirritable points in the fascia surrounding skeletal muscle. They are associated with palpable nodules in taut bands of muscle fibres.
Dry needling is an effective and efficient technique for the treatment of muscular pain and myofascial dysfunction. Dry needling is extremely effective for relaxing overactive muscles, as the needles are targeted toward the trigger points within the overactive muscles.
The approach is based on Western anatomical and neurophysiological principles. It should not to be confused with the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) technique of acupuncture.
However, since the same filiment needles are used in both dry needling and acupuncture, the confusion is understandable.
Ischemic compression is where blockage of blood in an area of the body is deliberately made, so that a resurgence of local blood flow will occur upon release, enhancing healing and cell restoration to the area applied.
Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is a manual therapy that uses the gentle muscle contractions of the client to relax and lengthen muscles and normalize joint motion.
Is a set of stretching techniques commonly used in clinical environments to enhance both active and passive range of motion in order to improve motor performance and aid rehabilitation. PNF is considered an optimal stretching method when the aim is to increase range of motion.


text:
Scientists say government dragging its feet over BPA
Nearly three dozen scientific experts have signed a letter to the government complaining that the Food and Drug Administration is wasting time and money studying bisphenol A.
The scientists say more than 900 studies have shown that the common household chemical is dangerous.
The 33 scientists, most from universities, sent the letter to FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg that accuses the agency of stalling at the risk of public health. They note there already are nearly 1,000 peer-reviewed studies on BPA's effects on people and animals.
The agency is reassessing its opinion and has said it expects to issue a new opinion on BPA's safety by Nov. 30.
The letter was sent by R. Thomas Zoeller, professor of biology at the University of Massachusetts. It is signed by 32 others, many of whom served on government panels to study the chemical's effects.
The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel was sent a copy of the letter.


Good Morning Good Night -- A Touch and Feel Bedtime Book. A brightly illustrated board book for toddlers and babies that includes soft and fluffy fabric that little ones can "touch and feel."
This illustrated board book teaches children about animals and day and night. Your child says good night to each animal, and feels the soft fabric.
Part of the classic Touch and Feel Books series featuring interactive board books. This Touch and Feel book is perfect for both babies and toddlers.
Good Morning Good Night board book is made from high quality materials and measures 8x9 inches. This set includes a pack of 24 puffy animal stickers.
This easy to read, richly illustrated book will introduce young children to the joys of books and reading!
Good Morning Good Night -- A Touch and Feel Bedtime Book. A brightly illustrated board book for toddlers and babies that includes soft and fluffy fabric that little ones can "touch and feel." This illustrated board book teaches children about animals and day and night. Your child says good night to each animal, and feels the soft fabric. Part of the classic Touch and Feel Books series featuring interactive board books. This Touch and Feel book is perfect for both babies and toddlers. Good Morning Good Night board book is made from high quality materials and measures 8x9 inches. This set includes a pack of 24 puffy animal stickers. This easy to read, richly illustrated book will introduce young children to the joys of books and reading!


text:
Peterson Foundation, Partnership for New York City, NYC Economic Development Corporation, and Five Borough Chambers of Commerce Launch 'NYC Small Business Resource Network'
By NYCEDC Oct 01 2020
Photo by Jen Davis
Public-Private Partnership Creates New Resource for Employers Hit by the Pandemic
NEW YORK, NY — The NYC Small Business Resource Network was launched today in response to the crisis facing many of the city's over 230,000 small businesses. The Peter G. Peterson Foundation, the Partnership for New York City and the Partnership Fund, New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC), in collaboration with New York City Department of Small Business Services, Chambers of Commerce of the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island, joined forces to launch a one-stop shop to accelerate the recovery of small businesses and strengthen the city's economy.
This public-private partnership is funded by a $2.8 million grant from the New York City-based Peterson Foundation. It will also pull together in-kind contributions from the other partners and additional resources from government and the private sector.
At the heart of the Resource Network is the newly-established team of 22 dedicated Small Business Specialists who will be embedded within the five chambers of commerce. These individuals will work directly with local entrepreneurs in the hardest hit communities, helping them gain access to a range of programs and services. The Network will focus on minority-, women- and immigrant-owned businesses that have limited access to the help they need to survive the pandemic.
The Partnership for New York City and EDC are leveraging their relationships with the city's corporate, financial and professional services sectors, as well as universities, philanthropies and expert volunteers to assemble an unprecedented collaboration among New Yorkers who are determined to accelerate small business recovery. Advisory services will be ramping up over the next few weeks to help small businesses navigate a range of challenges including technology, real estate, legal and accounting services, procurement opportunities, marketing, and sources of loans and grants. There will also be assistance for navigating the complex new regulatory environment established to contain the pandemic.
Business owners can access those resources by contacting a Recovery Specialist in their borough at nycsmallbusinessresourcenetwork.org. Assistance will be available in multiple languages.
Approximately 1.3 million people are employed by the city's 236,000 small business with fewer than 100 employees, and more than half of the city's small business workers are employed by businesses with fewer than 20 employees; 90% of the city's small businesses have fewer than 20 employees.
"New York City's diverse small businesses are an essential part of our community and a powerful engine of employment and economic growth," said Michael Peterson, CEO of the Peterson Foundation. "By sustaining and supporting these entrepreneurs, we can help accelerate the renewal of our economy and help build a better and more inclusive future for New York City."
"As a small business owner and a committed New Yorker, I believe our city's future depends on how we mobilize to support the entrepreneurs who bring unique products and services to our neighborhood shopping districts. They make New York City infinitely exciting and special. We cannot let them down," said Sarah Jessica Parker, Founder & Owner, SJP Collection.
"Small businesses form the backbone of our city's economy, and I commend NYCEDC, Peterson Foundation, Partnership for New York City, and Five Borough Chambers of Commerce for creating this important initiative to help businesses recover," said Deputy Mayor for Housing and Economic Development Vicki Been. "Through this public-private partnership, we aim to foster a more equitable city where small businesses can grow and thrive."
"Our small businesses uplift and enrich our communities, and their success is critical to the City's economic recovery," said James Patchett, President and CEO of New York City Economic Development Corporation. "The small business community was hit hard by the pandemic and initiatives like this, which provide access to resources and expertise, are key to helping them rebuild. We are proud to be part of an effort that is supporting our small business community and building a stronger city for us all."
"The small business community has been shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic and this is our latest commitment to ensure that small businesses get the resources they need by connecting them to services to help them to reopen and recover," said Jonnel Doris, Commissioner of the NYC Department of Small Business Services. "We are working together with the Chambers of Commerce in all five boroughs to identify the most pressing needs of our small business owners and help them come back."
"Small businesses are an integral part of New York City's economy. We are proud to partner with the Peterson Foundation and the city's civic and business leaders to mobilize resources in the communities that need it most," said Maria Gotsch, President and CEO of the Partnership Fund. "These resources, coupled with hands-on support from Small Business Specialists, will help tackle barriers to economic recovery and expand opportunities for small and minority-owned businesses across the five boroughs."
"We must continue to do all that we can to give our borough's economically vital small businesses the urgent support and services to survive during this unprecedented crisis," said Bronx Borough President Ruben Diaz Jr. "I applaud the Bronx Chamber of Commerce for their important work on behalf of our small business community and want to thank the Peterson Foundation, New York Economic Development Corporation and the Partnership for New York City for launching the New York City Small Business Resource Network, an important new resource to help our small business rebound from this global pandemic. Our Bronx small businesses and entrepreneurs, who have been forced to adapt due to the extremely changing landscape created by the COVID-19 pandemic are an essential component of our borough's recovery. Protecting vulnerable local job-creators, while preserving employment opportunities for our hard working residents and providing them with the necessary resources to recover, is more important than ever."
"The small businesses that are the backbone of Brooklyn's economy and neighborhoods have been crushed by the COVID-19 pandemic and it is imperative that we help this community get back on its feet," said Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams. "The NYC Small Business Resource Network provides the resources, tools and on-the-ground support that small businesses urgently need to survive and remain competitive in the future. I thank the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce and its partners for their continued advocacy on behalf of our business community to ensure a robust and just recovery."
"The COVID-19 pandemic has hit Manhattan's small businesses especially hard and so our city and Chambers of Commerce must be prepared with long-term solutions to meet the full weight of this crisis as we concentrate on a full recovery for the hardest hit communities," said Manhattan Borough President Gale A. Brewer. "The NYC Small Business Resource Network is a hopeful sign and a significant investment in our city's economic recovery by the Peterson Foundation, the Partnership Fund for New York City, and the leading Chambers of Commerce in all five boroughs and we are truly grateful. I am looking forward to working closely with Manhattan Chamber of Commerce president Jessica Walker and the Chamber's new Recovery Specialists as they unlock new opportunities and provide a key lifeline for our Borough's small businesses."
"Queens businesses have been hit with an unprecedented series of challenges due to COVID-19 and the resulting economic downturn," said Queens Borough President Sharon Lee. "New York's economic recovery and rebuild depends upon these businesses bouncing back. This critical partnership among the Peterson Foundation, the Partnership for New York City, NYCEDC and the Chambers of Commerce will help make sure our local businesses have the resources they need to come roaring back to full speed."
"The recovery of our local small businesses is a vital piece of New York City's economic and societal recovery. This NYC Small Business Resource Network is the type of collaboration this city needs to allow our small business in each borough to survive," said Staten Island Borough President Oddo.
"We are extremely grateful to the Peterson Foundation and NYC EDC for developing and investing in the Small Business Resource Network. This program will help The Bronx Chamber provide additional services with partners and specialist from across the five boroughs. We are super excited to get our two specialist out on the street to meet the business owners, develop relationships, and provide them with one on one help as we move past the crisis and expedite the recovery. The Bronx has been through tough times, but we have always come back bigger and better. At the end of the day, 'The Bronx Means Business,'" said Lisa Sorin, President and CEO of the Bronx Chamber of Commerce.
"The survival and future viability of Brooklyn's economy depends on the success of 64,000 small businesses across the borough," said Randy Peers, President and CEO of the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce. "Learning from business owners in crisis during the pandemic, and especially MWBE business owners, we created the NYC Small Business Resource Network as a lifeline to provide grants, rent relief and discrete recovery services that small businesses need to stay open and sustain our communities."
"Salvaging the small business sector in the wake of COVID-19 is central to the city's economic recovery," said Jessica Walker, President and CEO of the Manhattan Chamber of Commerce. "This initiative brings together the people and resources needed to give us a fighting chance to help as many businesses as we can during this crisis."
"We are tremendously grateful to The Partnership for NYC, the Peterson Foundation and NYC EDC for their support in helping our great borough's hard-hit businesses get back on their feet," said Thomas J. Grech, President and CEO of the Queens Chamber of Commerce. "Here at the Queens Chamber, we have been working around the clock, providing resources to struggling businesses throughout the pandemic. The addition of knowledgeable, skilled Business Recovery Specialists to the Queens Chamber team will be critical in the next step of our efforts, as we reopen and get Queens back to business."
"Our Chamber has been working hard to help all businesses, even the very smallest, during these trying times," said Linda Baran, President and CEO of the Staten Island Chamber of Commerce. "I would like to thank the Peterson Foundation, NYC EDC, and the Partnership for New York City for their commitment in making sure that struggling businesses in all of New York City get the resources they need. Leveraging resources to give these businesses the best chance to survive is critical. We are so grateful to the Peterson Foundation for their support which will allow us to serve small business in every corner of Staten Island."
About NYCEDC
New York City Economic Development Corporation is a mission-driven, non-profit organization that creates shared prosperity across New York City by strengthening neighborhoods and growing good jobs. NYCEDC works with and for communities to provide them with the resources they need to thrive, and invests in projects that increase sustainability, support job growth, develop talent, and spark innovation to strengthen the City's competitive advantage. To learn more about our work and initiatives, please visit us on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram.
Explore Press Releases
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For the social media of Have A Nice Day we felt it would be cool to use our icon and bring it back into all kinds of imagery. The icon is supposed to become the main theme, so people will recognize it more and more. They hopefully will also be surprised by all our creative ways of using the logo. I created about 20 versions.


text:
Brobdingnagia — рід грибів родини Phyllachoraceae. Назва вперше опублікована 1999 року.

Класифікація
До роду Brobdingnagia відносять 2 види:
 Brobdingnagia eucalypticola
 Brobdingnagia nigeriensis

Примітки

Джерела
 Hyde, K.D.; Cannon, P.F. 1999. Fungi causing tar spots on palmae. Mycological Papers. 175:1-114 - P.47

Роди грибів
Сордаріоміцети


Thinking about holiday gifts stresses me out. I would love to say I always know what to get everyone on my holiday gift list, but sometimes I have a little trouble. My husband says I am difficult to shop for. Mainly that's because the things I want, you can't buy. For instance, when he asks me what I want, I say something like, "for the kids to stop fighting with each other". Obviously he can't buy that! So…for all of you out there struggling on what to get that special female in your life, this "gifts for her" holiday gift list is for you!
I don't know about you, but there are some nights that I really struggle with what to get on the table for dinner. It will be 5:30 pm and I will realize that I didn't take meat out or even start anything. With the Instant Pot, you can have meals on the table, ready to go, so quickly. I've been told by people that have one, that you should go for the 8 qt right away.
Another little appliance that I would be dying to see under my tree this Christmas, is the Air Fryer. If you don't have one, or don't know what it is…keep reading! You will want one after this! My friend Lynsey has an Air Fryer and she has said many times over how amazing Brussels sprouts are in it. She even made a steak in it. I swear, between the Air Fryer below and the Instant Pot above…I'd be killing it in the New Year when it comes to meal time!
While I would love one of the two appliance above, I also would love anything book related. My Kindle Paperwhite goes everywhere with me. Since I am forever driving my kids to sports practices and waiting for them to get done, I spend that time reading. I like the portability of the Kindle Paperwhite. With it being backlit, it doesn't matter if it is light out or not. I can always read!
For some other really great book related ideas, check out the gift ideas at my book blog, A Real Page Turner! Not only do I have gift ideas for her, but also kids and toddler books ideas too!
Sometimes you just need to find something utterly unique or different. I can tell you right now, if my husband got me a T-Rex costume for Christmas, I would be so excited! I love that T-Rex costume and all the fun videos I see people post while wearing that costume.
While you are checking out the T-Rex costume, be sure to read the reviews. They are the best!! These next gifts are fun and unique. I can tell you right now, I would love to sit and watch TV with a mermaid tale. I'm just saying!
You're either a cat person or you're not. You cat people out there, these next set of gifts are perfect! Every time I see the sweatshirt with the pouch for the cat…I just have to have it. I have visions of walking around my house with Roxie in the pouch!
Gifts for Board Game Lovers!
Gift giving is supposed to be fun! Think about all the different people on your gift list. Are there any gifts for her here that you think someone on your list would like? What gifts for her would you add to this list?
These are great gift ideas – and I agree, some of the things we want, they can't buy for us!


How gorgeous are the leaves in San Francisco? Autumn is the prettiest time of year in my opinion and I love being able to take my workout outdoors to enjoy it! One of my favorite places to exercise in San Francisco is the Lyon Street Steps for its hundreds of steps you can run up and down, midway levels for stretching or yoga, and of course panoramic views of the city.
Since its been getting a bit more chilly, I was excited to find these great activewear pieces from Lorna Jane that are perfect for wicking sweat while still keeping warm. I've been a group exercise instructor for the past 10 years so I've tested out a lot of activewear brands…and Lorna Jane is one of my favorites for fit and style. I love this bright purple color hoodie, its such a brilliant color and is a great workout motivator! And for pants? I love these bright blue capris that are anything but typical. For this particular Sunday, I opted for a lighter resistance training workout to keep sweating to a minimum–keeping my morning makeup application from Lashfully intact and still looking flawless for my evening plans.
I'm excited to announce that I've teamed up with Lorna Jane to bring Just Add Glam readers an opportunity to experience this amazing activewear brand! I love wearing these activewear pieces and want you to get your hands on some Lorna Jane as well! I'll be hosting a special giveaway for Lorna Jane and Just Add Glam fans for your chance to win a $100 giftcard. Entering is easy, use the Rafflecopter widget below. Enter via as many entry methods as you wish…or all entry methods for more chances to win. The giveaway will be open through November 25, 2013. Good luck!
Nice activewear is something I have yet to try out (beyond Lululemon sports bras). If what everyone says is true, I think it'll help me get to the gym more. Looking good, feeling good, and more motivated to work out. Thanks for the giveaway!
You look gorgeous – That purple is so your color!
You look beautiful with this style !
This is a great review and giveaway! Crossing my fingers to win! Thank you!


New Orleans has always been a city where the music comes from, and this is especially true in the world of hip-hop. Some of hip-hop's biggest stars including Lil' Wayne, Juvenile, and Master P started in New Orleans. But even superstars need their first big break. If you're a hip-hop artist in New Orleans, that first big break probably comes from radio DJ Wild Wayne.
Wild Wayne's show on Q93 is the most popular show on the city's most listened to radio station. In his long career as a radio host, Wayne has given countless artists their first radio exposure. But Wayne does more than just spin records, he has used his show "Real Talk" as a platform to talk about issues that affect the African American and urban community.
When it comes to helping young artists, Wayne does far more than just give their songs a few radio plays, he is the creator of Industry Influence, a monthly event that educates hip-hop artists on the ins and outs of the music industry. On this episode of Mindset, Wild Wayne sits down with Dr. Pejic to discuss his journey to becoming New Orleans's most successful radio personality, as well as why he feels so committed to fostering creativity in a new generation of artists.


Salads, sandwiches, pitas and soups are on the menu. Box lunches are also available.
Ministry of Zion Lutheran Church operates with its own school board an is licensed with the state of Texas to care for children from infancy through age 12.
Ministry of Zion Lutheran Church Fun in the Son summer program features summer-related activities for ages 2 and up. Activities include art, music, water play, in-house field trips and more.
Pizzeria bakes pizza in stone ovens and uses honey dough made daily in the store and a sauce seasoned with its own blend of spices that include basil and garlic. Menu also includes salads, appetizers, buffalo wings and sandwiches.
5K run and 1K kids' fun run takes place Oct. 25. The 5K starts at 8 a.m., the 1-mile family run/walk starts at 9 a.m. and a post-race celebration begins at 11 a.m. Proceeds benefit Cy-Hope.
Zombies of all ages will have a staggeringly good time while raising money to fight cystic fibrosis. Suggested donation is $4 for adults and $2 for ages 10 and under. 2014 event takes place Oct. 25. Zombie garb is encouraged but not mandatory.
Cooking skills classes for teens cover working with meat, sauces, vegetables and desserts. Located in Old Town Spring.
Covering 140 acres, park has trails, playgrounds, soccer, picnic areas, gazebos, a wetland habitat, restrooms and miniature steam train rides.
Skate shop carries skateboards, accessories, apparel, footwear, clothing, helmets, ramps, rails, pads, backpacks, DVDs and more.


Cheesy Hasselback Potatoes – an incredibly delicious au gratin style hasselback potato dish that is perfect for any occasion. Even the upcoming holidays! Made with garlic, thyme, half & half, and a three-cheese blend of: parmigiana reggiano, sharp cheddar cheese, and gruyere cheese.
Simple to make, full of flavor and sure to be a show stopper on your upcoming holiday table spread!
If there is one vegetable that is universally loved among all age groups, all around the world, and in just about any form – it's the potato. Whether its fried, baked, mashed, stuffed, etc. – it's simply a delicious ingredient to any recipe. I haven't met a potato prepared in any certain way that I did not love. Especially my recently added and now super popular Super Crispy Garlic Parmesan Potato Bites. Clearly I love potatoes in crispy form best.
Which explains this dish! Crispy on the top, tender and flaky on the inside. Let's not forget the cheese! And with the holidays fast approaching us all, I knew I had to make a dish that would please not just my family, but hopefully yours as well. Because what Thanksgiving or Christmas goes without some form of a potato side dish or two?? Try this one with your family this holiday season!
This Cheesy Hasselback Potatoes recipe delivers all the creamy deliciousness of potatoes au gratin, but with a super crispy, cheesy topping. Which I believe only enhances the dish in my honest opinion.
Garlic Butter Parmesan Roasted Carrots – Super simple, tender, and flavorful carrots. They make for the perfect side dish to any meal.
Garlic Parmesan Mashed Cauliflower – A super simple, quick recipe to make that is the perfect healthy swap for the traditional mashed potatoes! Lower in calories and carbs.
Cheesy Broccoli Ham Casserole – Perfect for your leftover ham or turkey from the holidays! Easy, cheesy, and super delicious side dish with the best, crispy parmesan topping.
Super Crispy Garlic Parmesan Potato Bites – Super crispy, super easy, and super delicious. Your kids will love these potato bites. If you're the type of person that enjoys picking out the extra-crispy fries from a bunch, then these are for you!
Creamy Garlic Butter Loaded Mashed Cauliflower – Imagine a loaded baked potato, but in mashed potato form with cauliflower instead of potatoes! Healthy, easy to make and so yummy you won't even be able to tell its not made with real potatoes.
Prepworks by Progressive Adjust-A-Slice and Julienne Mandolin – This handheld slicer makes prepping this dish so very easy. I use this mandolin slicer for slicing vegetables as it helps to give perfectly even slices every time.
OXO Good Grips Box Grater – Works like a charm to collect and measure the cheese you grate.
An easy, flavorful dish that combines the traditional au gratin potatoes with the cheesy, crispy style of hasselback potatoes. Sure to be a hit at your next family function or pot luck!
Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. Coat a deep baking dish (I used a 13" x 8" dish) with the butter.
Combine the cheeses into a large mixing bowl. Remove 1/3 of the cheese to a separate bowl and set aside. Add in the half and half, salt, pepper, garlic powder, onion powder, and thyme to the remaining cheese mixture.
Add the potato slices and toss to thoroughly coat, making sure to get every potato slice.
Grab a handful of potato slices and add them to the prepared baking dish in a stack. Start by lining them up along the edge, creating a circle around the dish. Continue lining up the potato slices until the entire casserole dish is full and tightly packed. Depending on your dish, you may need to peel and slice an additional potato or two to fill the dish.
Pour whatever cream and cheese mixture is left in the mixing bowl over the top of the potato slices. Don't fill the dish all the way full. You want the liquid to fill half the dish. Discard any leftover liquid.
Cover the baking dish with aluminum foil and bake for 30 minutes. Remove the dish from the oven to remove the foil and return it to bake for an additional 30 minutes.
Add the remaining shredded cheese to the top and return to bake 20-30 more minutes. Or until the top of the potatoes has reached a crispy, golden brown.
Allow the potatoes to rest for 5 minutes before slicing into. Garnish with additional thyme, chives, or grated parmesan cheese.


I do realize that I've given you awards that you already have but I just felt like you deserve it.
Hi! I'm your neighboor Yanan! Saw you at fair. great job. Cool pictures. Yummy food.
Thank you Yanan for taking time to comment. It was great seeing you and your Dad yesterday at the Book signing. A fun event!!
Thank you for the honor and Congratulations to you! I have already received this award but I truly appreciate your nominating me again.
Thanks! And you're welcome, to bad I was too late hahaha!


Then you can get a more detailed look at beets' features in the Command-Line Interface and .beetsconfig references. You might also be interested in exploring the Plugins Included With Beets.
© Copyright 2011, Adrian Sampson. Created using Sphinx 1.1.3.


text:
Pyali () is a 2022 Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by couple duo directors Babitha Mathew and Rinn A X produced by Sofia Varghese, daughter of late Malayalam actor NF Varghese, under the banner NF Varghese Pictures and Dulquer Salmaan's Wayfarer films.

The lead roles are played by child artists Barbiee Sharma and George Jacob. The film also features veteran actors Sreenivasan and Mamukkoya, along with Rafi, Appani Sarath, Sujith Shankar and Aadukalam Murugadoss in pivotal roles.

The writing of the story began back in the latter part of 2015 and has been in the works since then after finding a producer in 2018. The film was shot in parts of Ernakulam, Fort Kochi and Vathuruthy Colony in July and November 2019.

Prashant Pillai has composed four songs for the film in Hindi and English, and there are plans to include a Malayalam song as well. The crew includes editor Deepu Joseph, art director Santhosh Raman, sound designer Renganaath Ravee.

The film was released on 8 July 2022.

Plot
The story revolves around the bond between a sister and brother. Barbiee plays the titular five-year-old, while Jacob plays her 14-year-old brother named Ziyah.

Kashmiri-origin siblings are orphans who live in a slum in Kerala. Despite facing many difficulties, Ziyah makes sure to do his best by his little sister. The story is about the siblings overcoming hurdles to fulfill their little desires.

Cast
 Aravya Sharma as Pyali
 George Jacob as Ziyah
 Sreenivasan as Zayed
 Mamukkoya as Nicholan
 Rafi
 Appani Sarath
 Sujith Shankar
 Aadukalam Murugadoss
 Unni Mukundan as Miska Saha Salman (Cameo appearance)
 Karthik Vishnu

Production
Barbiee has previously acted in Hindi films like Baaghi 2 and Bharat as well as television serials. Jacob was selected after auditioning hundreds of kids. They were very specific about the appearance of both children as the characters are of Kashmiri origin. Jacob was born and brought up in Dubai. Since everything about Kerala and the language was new to him, we trained him for two days on the dialect, the body language of a slum kid, and much more. Barbiee having previous experience, only needed to be taught the Malayalam dialogues.

Babitha and Rinn were previously working as an IT professional and an interior designer, respectively, before entering the film industry a few years ago. Pyali marks their feature directorial debut.

Accolades

References

2020s Malayalam-language films
Indian drama films
2022 drama films
2022 films


Institutional Investor's Top 300 Asset Manager list identifies the largest asset managers domiciled in the United States. The total Assets Under Management (AUM) figures include only securities managed for a fee or fee equivalent (i.e. spread) for the benefit of a client. Assets include cash, equities, fixed income, derivatives, real estate, and alternative investments. AUM figures for companies headquartered in the United States include their global assets under management. For non-U.S. companies, only U.S.-derived assets (invested both domestically and internationally) were included.
All AUM figures are as of December 31, 2017, except for those marked by an asterisk whose AUM figures are as of September 30, 2017 and Citadel whose AUM figure is as of January 1, 2018.
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2416 Courtney Ave, Norfolk, VA 23504 (#10241859) :: Abbitt Realty Co.
This stunning new construction home will take your breath away! With 1ST & 2ND Floor master suites, multiple generations can enjoy living under one roof with ease. This open floor plan features a spacious living/dining room area with fireplace, custom lighting fixtures, cabinets, granite counter tops and more. Quality laminate hardwood flooring throughout the first floor (including in the 1st floor master). The upstairs features 4 spacious bedrooms including an amazing master suite with trey ceilings and lots of natural light. Relax in this oasis of a home and enjoy get together's with family and friends in the backyard on the deck. This home is close to downtown Norfolk, interstate access, entertainment, restaurants and light rail. Once you see this home you will not want to leave!


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