text:
All Legislation page 339
You are here: BAILII >> Browse A-Z title lists >> All Legislation page 339
URL: https://www.bailii.org/indices/all-legis-0339.html
The Reserve Forces Acts 1980 and 1996 (Isle of Man) (Amendment) Order 2016 No. 746
The Reserve Forces Appeal Tribunals (Isle of Man) Rules 2010 No. 2644
The Reserve Forces Appeal Tribunals Rules 1997 No. 798
The Reserve Forces (Call-out and Recall) (Exemptions Etc.) Regulations 1997 No. 307
The Reserve Forces (Call-out and Recall) (Financial Assistance) (Amendment) Regulations 2015 No. 460
The Reserve Forces (Call-out and Recall) (Financial Assistance) Regulations 1997 No. 309
The Reserve Forces (Evidence in Proceedings before Civil Courts) Regulations 2009 No. 1111
The Reserve Forces (Payments to Employers and Partners) (Isle of Man) Regulations 2018
The Reserve Forces (Payments to Employers and Partners) Regulations 2014 No. 2410
The Reserve Forces (Provision of Information by Persons Liable to be Recalled) (Amendment) Regulations 2005 No. 3118
The Reserve Forces (Provision of Information by Persons Liable to be Recalled) Regulations 1997 No. 308
The Reserve Forces (Safeguard of Employment) Act 1985 (Isle of Man) Order 1986 No. 2025
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Application Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1988 No. 69
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Application Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1989 No. 2314
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Capacity, Registration, Prescribed Forms, etc.) (England) Regulations 2013 No. 1677
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Capacity, Registration, Prescribed Forms, etc.) (Wales) Regulations 2016 No. 80 (W. 37)
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Commencement No. 1) Order 1983 No. 1666 (C. 48)
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Commencement No. 2) Order 1985 No. 176 (C. 3)
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Commencement No. 3) Order 1986 No. 466 (C. 15)
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Exemptions, Appeals and Inspections) (England) Regulations 2013 No. 1896
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Exemptions, Appeals and Inspections) (Wales) Regulations 2016 No. 78 (W. 35)
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Referees) (Appointment and Procedure) Rules 1986 No. 467
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Referees) (Appointment, Procedure and Costs) (England) Rules 2013 No. 1676
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Registers, Reports and Records) (Amendment) Regulations 1985 No. 548
The Reservoirs Act 1975 (Registers, Reports and Records) Regulations 1985 No. 177
The Reservoirs (Enforcement etc.) (Scotland) Order 2016 No. 161
The Reservoirs (Panels of Civil Engineers) (Application and Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 2005 No. 143
The Reservoirs (Panels of Civil Engineers) (Application and Fees) Regulations 1992 No. 1527
The Reservoirs (Panels of Civil Engineers) (Application Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1994 No. 1533
The Reservoirs (Panels of Civil Engineers) (Applications and Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1998 No. 2403
The Reservoirs (Panels of Civil Engineers) (Reappointment) Regulations 1989 No. 1186
The Reservoirs (Panels of Reservoir Engineers: Sections under which Members may be Appointed) (Scotland) Order 2015 No. 92
The Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011 (Commencement No. 1) Order 2014 No. 348 (C. 30)
The Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011 (Commencement No. 2) Order 2015 No. 43 (C. 7)
The Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011 (Commencement No. 3 and Transitional Provisions) Order 2015 No. 63 (C. 13)
The Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011 (Commencement No. 5 and Transitional Provision) Order 2016 No. 42 (C. 7)
The Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011 (Restrictions on Disclosure of Information in relation to National Security etc.) Order 2015 No. 48
The Reservoirs (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2015 No. 315
The Reservoirs (Scotland) Regulations 2015 No. 90
The Residential Accommodation (Determination of District Health Authority) (Amendment) Regulations 1993 No. 582
The Residential Accommodation (Determination of District Health Authority) Regulations 1992 No. 3182
The Residential Accommodation (Relevant Premises, Ordinary Residence and Exemptions) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2001
The Residential Accommodation (Relevant Premises, Ordinary Residence and Exemptions) Regulations 1993 No. 477
The Residential Care Homes (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1992 No. 2241
The Residential Care Homes (Amendment) Regulations 1988 No. 1192
The Residential Care Homes and the Nursing Homes and Mental Nursing Homes (Amendment) Regulations 1998 No. 902
The Residential Care Homes Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2005 No. 161
The Residential Care Order (Secure Accommodation) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1988 No. 1092 (S. 108)
The Residential Care Order (Secure Accommodation) (Scotland) Regulations 1988 No. 294 (S. 28)
The Residential Establishments -� Child Care (Scotland) Regulations 1996 No. 3256 (S. 246)
The Residential Family Centres (Amendment) Regulations 2013 No. 499
The Residential Family Centres Regulations 2002
The Residential Family Centres Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2007 No. 236
The Residential Family Centres (Wales) Regulations 2003 No. 781 (W.92)
The Residential Holiday Schemes for Disabled Children (England) Regulations 2013 No. 1394
The Residential Property Tribunal (Fees) (England) Regulations 2006 No. 830 No. 830
The Residential Property Tribunal (Fees) (Wales) Regulations 2006 No. 1642 (W.157)
The Residential Property Tribunal Procedure (England) Regulations 2006 No. 831 No. 831
The Residential Property Tribunal Procedure (Wales) Regulations 2006 No. 1641 (W.156)
The Residential Property Tribunal Procedures and Fees (England) Regulations 2011 No. 1007
The Residential Property Tribunal Procedures and Fees (Wales) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 2014 No. 2553 (W. 247)
The Residential Property Tribunal Procedures and Fees (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2014 No. 286 (W. 35)
The Residential Property Tribunal Procedures and Fees (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2015 No. 1821 (W. 263)
The Residential Property Tribunal Procedures and Fees (Wales) Regulations 2012 No. 531 (W. 83)
The Residential Property Tribunal Procedures and Fees (Wales) Regulations 2016Rheoliadau Gweithdrefnau a Ffioedd Tribiwnlys Eiddo Preswyl (Cymru) 2016Rheoliadau Gweithdrefnau a Ffioedd Tribiwnlys Eiddo Preswyl (Cymru) 2016 No. 1110
The Residential Property Tribunal (Right to Buy Determinations) Procedure (England) Regulations 2005 No. 1509
The Residuary Body for Wales (9 Swansea Road Llanelli) Order 1997 No. 262
The Residuary Body for Wales (Appointed Day) Order 1995 No. 103 (c. c5)
The Residuary Body for Wales (Capital Finance) Regulations 1995 No. 101
The Residuary Body for Wales (Dyffryn House and Gardens) Order 1997 No. 540
The Residuary Body for Wales (Levies) Regulations 1995 No. 2306
The Residuary Body for Wales (Miscellaneous Provisions) Order 1995 No. 102
The Residuary Body for Wales (Penlan Road Offices Carmarthen) Order 1996 No. 2819
The Residuary Body for Wales (Winding Up) Order 1998 No. 2859
The Residues (Charges and Examination) (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2019
The Responsibilities and Standing Rules, and Care and Support (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2018 No. 283
The Restraint Orders (Legal Aid Exception and Relevant Legal Aid Payments) Regulations 2015 No. 868
The Restricted Byways (Application and Consequential Amendment of Provisions) Regulations 2006 No. 1177
The Restricted Parking Zone (Skipper Street, Belfast) Order (Northern Ireland) 2017 No. 173
The Restriction of Liberty Order and Restricted Movement Requirement (Scotland) Regulations 2011 No. 3
The Restriction of Liberty Order etc. (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2016 No. 89
The Restriction of Liberty Order etc. (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2019
The Restriction of Liberty Order etc. (Scotland) Regulations 2013 No. 6
The Restriction of Liberty Order (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1999 No. 144 (S. 6)
The Restriction of Liberty Order (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2002
The Restriction of Liberty Order (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2008 No. 307
The Restriction of Liberty Order (Scotland) Regulations 1998 No. 1802 (S. 94)
The Restriction of Liberty Order (Scotland) Regulations 2006 No. 8
The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Amendment) Regulations 2009 No. 581
The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Amendment) Regulations 2019
The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2005 No. 2748
The Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations 2008 No. 37
The Restriction on Agreements and Conduct (Specified Domestic Electrical Goods) Order 1998 No. 1271
The Restriction on Agreements and Conduct (Tour Operators) Order 1987 No. 1131
The Restriction on Agreements (Manufacturers and Importers of Motor Cars) (Revocation) Order 2005 No. 355
The Restriction on Conduct (Specialist Advertising Services) Order 1988 No. 1017
The Restriction On Conduct (Specialist Advertising Services) (Revocation) Order 2005 No. 2670
The Restriction on Movement of Spruce Wood (Amendment) Order 1988 No. 971
The Restriction on Pithing (England) Regulations 2001 No. 447
The Restriction on Pithing (Wales) Regulations 2001
The Restriction on the Preparation of Adoption Reports (Amendment) Regulations 2018 No. 674
The Restriction on the Preparation of Adoption Reports Regulations 2005 No. 1711
The Restrictive Measures (Amendment) (Overseas Territories) Order 2012 No. 362
The Restrictive Practices Court Act 1976 (Commencement) Order 1976 No. 1896 (C. 45)
The Restrictive Practices Court (Amendment) Rules 1982 No. 871
The Restrictive Practices Court (Protection of Consumers) Rules 1976 No. 1898
The Restrictive Practices Court (Resale Prices) Rules 1976 No. 1899
The Restrictive Practices Court Rules 1976 No. 1897
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Gas Conveyance and Storage) Order 1996 No. 385
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Non-notifiable Agreements) (EC Block Exemptions) Order 1996 No. 349
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Non-notifiable Agreements) (Sale and Purchase, Share Subscription and Franchise Agreements) Order 1997 No. 2945
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Non-notifiable Agreements) (Turnover Threshold) Amendment Order 1997 No. 2944
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Non-notifiable Agreements) (Turnover Threshold) Order 1996 No. 348
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Sale and Purchase and Share Subscription Agreements) (Goods) Order 1989 No. 1081
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Services) (Amendment) Order 1989 No. 1082
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Standards and Arrangements) (Goods) Order 1991 No. 1896
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Standards and Arrangements) Order 1990 No. 888
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Standards and Arrangements) (Services) Order 1991 No. 1897
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Standards) (Goods) Order 1998 No. 1395
The Restrictive Trade Practices (Standards) (Services) Order 1998 No. 1394
The Retailers' Records for Veterinary Medicinal Products Regulations 2000 No. 7
The Retained EU Law (Miscellaneous Amendments) (Wales) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019
The Retained Organs Commission (Abolition) Order 2005 No. 6
The Retained Organs Commission (Amendment) Regulations 2002
The Retained Organs Commission (Establishment and Constitution) Amendment Order 2001
The Retained Organs Commission (Establishment and Constitution) Order 2001 No. 743
The Retained Organs Commission Regulations 2001 No. 748
The Retention and Sale of Registration Marks Regulations 2015 No. 193
The Retention of Communications Data (Code of Practice) Order 2003
The Retention of Communications Data (Code of Practice) Order 2015 No. 926
The Retention of Communications Data (Extension of Initial Period) Order 2003
The Retention of Communications Data (Further Extension of Initial Period) Order 2005 No. 3335
The Retention of Knives in Court Regulations 2010 No. 790
The Retention of Knives in Court Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2010 No. 105
The Retention of Knives (Supreme Court) Regulations 2013 No. 2532
The Retention of Registration Marks (Amendment) Regulations 1994 No. 2976
The Retention of Registration Marks Regulations 1992 (Amendment) Regulations 1993 No. 988
The Retention of Registration Marks Regulations 1992 No. 510
The Retention of Samples etc. (Children's Hearings) (Scotland) Order 2011 No. 197
The Retirement Age of General Commissioners Order 1995 No. 3192
The Retirement Benefit Schemes (Indexation of Earnings Cap) Order 2003 No. 843
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Continuation of Rights of Members of Approved Schemes) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 1996 No. 3233
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Continuation of Rights of Members of Approved Schemes) (Amendment) Regulations 1993 No. 3220
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Continuation of Rights of Members of Approved Schemes) Regulations 1990 No. 2101
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Increase in Permitted Maximum in Transitional Cases) Order 2005 No. 723
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Indexation of Earnings Cap) (No. 2) Order 1993 No. 2950
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Indexation of Earnings Cap) Order 1991 No. 734
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Indexation of Earnings Cap) Order 1994 No. 3009
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Indexation of Earnings Cap) Order 2002
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Indexationof Earnings Cap) Order 1990 No. 679
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Information Powers) (Amendment) Regulations 2002
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Information Powers) Regulations 1995 No. 3103
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Additional Voluntary Contributions) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 No. 1964
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Additional Voluntary Contributions) Regulations 1993 No. 3016
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Excepted Provisions) Regulations 1998 No. 729
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Excepted Provisions) Regulations 2000 No. 1087
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Excepted Schemes) Regulations 1996 No. 1582
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Small Self-administered Schemes) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 1998 No. 1315
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Small Self-administered Schemes) (Amendment) Regulations 1998 No. 728
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Small Self-administered Schemes) (Amendment) Regulations 2000 No. 1086
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Restriction on Discretion to Approve) (Small Self-administered Schemes) Regulations 1991 No. 1614
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Sharing of Pensions on Divorce or Annulment) Regulations 2000 No. 1085
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Tax Relief on Contributions) (Disapplication of Earnings Cap) (Amendment) Regulations 1993 No. 3221
The Retirement Benefits Schemes (Tax Relief on Contributions) (Disapplication of Earnings Cap) Regulations 1990 No. 586
The Return of Cultural Objects (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2001
The Return of Cultural Objects (Amendment) Regulations 1997 No. 1719
The Return of Cultural Objects Regulations 1994 No. 501
The Return of Cultural Objects (Revocation) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018
The Returning Officer's Charges (Northern Ireland) Order 1991 No. 1688
The Returning Officer's Charges (Northern Ireland) Order 1992 No. 730
The Returning Officers' Charges Order 1991 No. 1687
The Returning Officers' Charges Order 1992 No. 717
The Returning Officers' Expenses (Amendment) Regulations 1989 No. 741
The Returning Officers' Expenses (Northern Ireland) Regulations 1987 No. 900
The Returning Officer's Expenses (Northern Ireland) Regulations 1990 No. 1065
The Returning Officers' Expenses Regulations 1987 No. 899
The Returning Officers (Parliamentary Constituences) (Wales) Order 1995 No. 1142
The Returning Officers (Parliamentary Constituencies) (England) (Amendment) Order 1996 No. 898
The Returning Officers (Parliamentary Constituencies) (England and Wales) (Amendment) Order 1991 No. 152
The Returning Officers (Parliamentary Constituencies) (England) Order 1995 No. 2061
The Returning Officers (Parliamentary Constituencies) (Wales) (Amendment) Order 2004
The Returning Officers (Parliamentary Constituencies) (Wales) Order 1996 No. 897
The Returning Officers (Principal Areas: Wales) Order 1995 No. 151
The Re-use of Public Sector Information Regulations 2005 No. 1515
The Revaluation Rate Rebates (Scotland) Order 1986 No. 345 (S. 25)
The Revenue and Customs (Amendment of Appeal Provisions for Out of Time Reviews) Order 2014 No. 1264
The Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2012 No. 533
The Revenue and Customs (Complaints and Misconduct) (Amendment) Regulations 2006 No. 1748
The Revenue and Customs (Complaints and Misconduct) Regulations 2005 No. 3311
The Revenue and Customs (Inspections) Regulations 2005 No. 1133
The Revenue Appeals Order 1987 No. 1422
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act 2014 (Ancillary Provision) Order 2018
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act 2014 (Commencement No. 1) Order 2014 No. 278 (C. 26)
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act 2014 (Commencement No. 3) Order 2015 No. 18 (C. 5)
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act 2014 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2014 No. 3294
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act (Fees for Payment) Regulations 2015 No. 36
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act (Interest on Unpaid Tax and Interest Rates in General) Regulations 2015 No. 128
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act (Involved Third Party) Order 2015 No. 37
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act (Postponement of Tax Pending a Review or Appeal) Regulations 2015 No. 129
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act (Privileged Communications) Regulations 2015 No. 38
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act (Record Keeping) Regulations 2015 No. 130
The Revenue Scotland and Tax Powers Act (Reimbursement Arrangements) Regulations 2015 No. 131
The Revenue Scotland (First Planning Period) Order 2015 No. 16
The Revenue Support Grant (Scotland) (No.2) Order 1991 No. 971 (S. 104)
The Revenue Support Grant (Scotland) (No.2) Order 1992 No. 1629 (S. 156)
The Revenue Support Grant (Scotland) Order 1988 No. 69 (S. 10)
The Revenue Support Grant (Scotland) Order 1989 No. 130 (S. 16)
The Revenue Support Grant (Scotland) Order 1998 No. 1083 (S. 60)
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Bodies) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2003 No. 5
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Bodies) (Amendment) Regulations 1993 No. 139
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Bodies) (Amendment) Regulations 1995 No. 3184
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Bodies) (Amendment) (Wales) Regulations 2003 No. 706 (W.85)
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Bodies) Regulations 1989 No. 2161
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Bodies) Regulations 1992 No. 89
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Bodies) (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2006 No. 764 (W.73)
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Bodies) (Wales) Regulations 2000
The Revenue Support Grant (Specified Body) (England) Regulations 2010 No. 2568
The Revenue Traders (Accounts and Records) (Amendment) Regulations 1995 No. 2893
The Revenue Traders (Accounts and Records) (Amendment) Regulations 1998 No. 62
The Revenue Traders (Accounts and Records) Regulations 1992 No. 3150
The Reverter of Sites Act 1987 (Commencement) Order 1987 No. 1260 (C. 39)
The Review of Children's Cases (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2004 No. 1419
The Review of Children's Cases (Amendment No.2 and Transitional Arrangements) (England) Regulations 2004 No. 2253
The Review of Children's Cases (Amendment) (Wales) Regulations 2004 No. 1449
The Review of Children's Cases (Wales) Regulations 2007 No. 307 (W.26)
The Review of Polling Districts and Polling Places (Parliamentary Elections) Regulations 2006 No. 2965
The Review Tribunal (Amendment No. 2) Rules (Northern Ireland) 2019
The Review Tribunal (Amendment) Rules (Northern Ireland) 2019
The Review Tribunal (Revocation) Rules (Northern Ireland) 2019
The Revised Code of Practice on the exercise of social services functions in relation to Part 4 (direct payments and choice of accommodation) and Part 5 (charging and financial assessment) of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 (Appointed Day) Order 2019
The Revised Code of Practice on the exercise of social services functions in relation to Part 4 (direct payments and choice of accommodation) and Part 5 (charging and financial assessment) of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 (Appointed Day) (Wales) Order 2017 No. 557 (W. 128)
The Revised Code of Practice on the exercise of social services functions in relation to Part 10 (Advocacy) of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 (Appointed Day) (Wales) Order 2019
The Revised Codes of Practice on the exercise of social services functions in relation to Parts 4 and 5 and Part 6 of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 (Appointed Day) (Wales) Order 2018 No. 469 (W. 79)
The Rhondda College (Dissolution) Order 1995 No. 2091
The Rhondda Cynon Taf (Communities) Order 2016 No. 1156
The Rhondda Cynon Taf (Llanharan, Llanharry, Llantrisant and Pont-y-clun Communities) Order 2008 No. 3152 (W. 280)
The Rhondda Cynon Taff and Vale of Glamorgan (Llanharry, Pont-y-clun, Penllyn, Welsh St Donats and Pendoylan) Order 2002
The Rhondda Health Care National Health Service Trust (Establishment) Order 1993 No. 2837
The Rhondda Health Care National Health Service Trust (Transfer of Trust Property) Order 1995 No. 2411
The Rhondda Health Care National Health Service Trust (Transfer of Trust Property) Order 1996 No. 531
The Ribble Valley (Electoral Changes) Order 2017 No. 1267
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (England) Regulations 2008 No. 622
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (England) (Revocation) Regulations 2010 No. 1585
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2008 No. 99
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Revocation) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2010 No. 214
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Scotland) Regulations 2008 No. 87
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Scotland) Revocation Regulations 2010 No. 248
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2008 - EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2008 - Temporary file
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2008 No. 1646 (W. 159)
The Rice Products from the United States of America (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Wales) Regulations 2008 No. 781 (W. 80)
The Rice Products (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (England) Regulations 2006 No. 2921
The Rice Products (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2006 No. 443
The Rice Products (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Scotland) Regulations 2006 No. 542
The Rice Products (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2006 No. 2969 (W.268)
The Rice Products (Restriction on First Placing on the Market) (Wales) Regulations 2006 No. 2923 (W. 260)
The Richmond Adult and Community College (Attribution of Surpluses and Deficits) Regulations 1996 No. 1766
The Richmond Adult and Community College (Government) Regulations 1996 No. 736
The Richmond Adult and Community College (Incorporation) Order 1996 No. 735
The Richmond Crescent, Bangor (Abandonment) Order (Northern Ireland) 2016 No. 378
The Richmond, Twickenham and Roehampton Healthcare National Health Service Trust (Establishment) Order 1992 No. 2523
The Richmond, Twickenham and Roehampton Healthcare National Health Service Trust (Transfer of Trust Property) Order 1994 No. 279
The Richmondshire (Electoral Changes) Order 2018
The Rickmansworth Water Company (Repeal of Local Enactments) Order 1988 No. 1758
The Rickmansworth Water Plc (Constitution and Regulation) Order1992 No. 125
The Ridge College, Stockport and Margaret Danyers College (Dissolution) Order 1995 No. 1927
The Ridge Danyers College (Government) Regulations 1995 No. 1569
The Ridge Danyers College (Incorporation) Order 1995 No. 1568
The Right of a Child to Make a Disability Discrimination Claim (Schools) (Wales) Order 2011 No. 1651 (W. 187)
The Right to Information (Suspects and Accused Persons) (Scotland) Regulations 2014 No. 159
The Right to Interpretation and Translation in Criminal Proceedings (Scotland) Regulations 2014 No. 95
The Right to Manage (Prescribed Particulars and Forms) (England) Regulations 2003 No. 1988
The Right to Manage (Prescribed Particulars and Forms) (England) Regulations 2010 No. 825
The Right to Manage (Prescribed Particulars and Forms) (Wales) Regulations 2004 No. 678
The Right to Manage (Prescribed Particulars and Forms) (Wales) Regulations 2011 No. 2684 (W. 287)
The Right to Purchase (Application Form) (Scotland) Order 1993 No. 2182 (S. 232)
The Right to Purchase (Application Form) (Scotland) Order 2002
The Right to Purchase (Application Form) (Scotland) Order 2011 No. 97
The Right To Purchase From A Public Sector Landlord (Application Form) (Scotland) Regulations 1989 No. 423 (S. 49)
The Right to Purchase (Loan Application) (Scotland) Amendment Order 1993 No. 2181 (S. 231)
The Right to Purchase (Prescribed Persons) (Scotland) Amendment Order 1994 No. 2097 (S. 109)
The Right to Purchase (Prescribed Persons) (Scotland) Amendment Order 1998 No. 1275 (S. 67)
The Right to Purchase (Prescribed Persons) (Scotland) Amendment Order 2005 No. 275
The Right to Purchase (Prescribed Persons) (Scotland) Order 1993 No. 1625 (S. 207)
The Right to Time Off for Study or Training Regulations 1999 No. 986
The Right to Time Off for Study or Training Regulations 2001
The Right to Time Off for Study or Training (Scotland) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 2001
The Right to Time Off for Study or Training (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2001
The Right to Time Off for Study or Training (Scotland) Regulations 1999 No. 1058 (S. 76)
The Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme (Revocation) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019
The Rights of Passengers in Bus and Coach Transport (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019
The Rights of Passengers in Bus and Coach Transport (Exemptions and Enforcement) (Amendment) Regulations 2017 No. 99
The Rights of Passengers in Bus and Coach Transport (Exemptions and Enforcement) Regulations 2013 No. 1865
The Rights of Passengers in Bus and Coach Transport (Exemptions) Regulations 2013 No. 228
The Rights of Re-entry and Forfeiture (Prescribed Sum and Period) (England) Regulations 2004
The Rights of Re-entry and Forfeiture (Prescribed Sum and Period) (Wales) Regulations 2005 No. 1352 (W.100)
The Rights of Way (Hearings and Inquiries Procedure) (England) Rules 2007 No. 2008
The Ringing of Certain Captive-bred Birds (England and Wales) Regulations 2017 No. 1213
The Riot Compensation Act 2016 (Commencement) Regulations 2017 No. 379 (C. 36)
The Riot Compensation (Amendment) Regulations 2018
The Riot Compensation Regulations 2017 No. 371
The Riot (Damages) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 2011 No. 2009
The Riot (Damages) (Amendment) Regulations 1986 No. 76
The Riot (Damages) (Amendment) Regulations 2011 No. 2002
The Risk Assessment and Minimisation (Accreditation Scheme) (Scotland) Order 2006 No. 190
The Risk Transformation Regulations 2017 No. 1212
The Risk Transformation (Tax) Regulations 2017 No. 1271
The River Adur Internal Drainage District Order 2016 No. 756
The River Arkaig, Loch Arkaig and Associated Waters Protection Order 1995 No. 2683 (S. 201)
The River Authorities (Compensation) Amendment) Regulations 1968 No. 914
The River Authorities (Compensation) Regulations 1965 No. 836
The River Awe Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 1991 No. 116 (S. 9)
The River Awe Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Revocation Regulations 2005 No. 485
The River Bann Navigation Order (Northern Ireland) 2002 No. 395
The River Camel Mussel and Oyster Fishery Order 2013 No. 1978
The River Clyde Catchment Area (Part) Protection Order 1994 No. 1949 (S. 87)
The River Colne Barrier (Wivenhoe) Order 1991 No. 1760
The River Cree Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 1991 No. 2192 (S. 180)
The River Deben Internal Drainage Board Order 2005 No. 2512
The River Dee (Aberdeenshire) Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 1989 No. 1500 (S. 127)
The River Dee (Kirkcudbright) Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 2002
The River Deveron Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 1990 No. 1618 (S. 162)
The River Don Catchment Area (Part) Protection Order 1990 No. 1971 (S. 178)
The River Earn Catchment Area Protection Order 1990 No. 50 (S. 4)
The River Esk Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 1998 No. 2131 (S. 110)
The River Ewe Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 1998 No. 684 (S. 32)
The River Findhorn Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 2004 No. 259
The River Forth Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 1996 No. 2641 (S. 205)
The River Girvan Salmon Fishery District (Baits and Lures) Regulations 1992 No. 2750 (S. 235)
The River Hamble Harbour Revision Order 1989 No. 2422
The River Hull (Navigation) Rules (Amendment) Order 1990 No. 254


Uni Blake, a scientific adviser at the American Petroleum Institute, says that the NAACP failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between natural gas activity and the health disparities reported in the Black community.
Committed to the health and safety of the communities where it operates and to its workers.
Leading the way on reducing U.S. greenhouse gas and other air emissions.
Supporting millions of well-paying jobs—one of the most important factors in the well-being of Americans.
Recently, I read a NAACP paper that accused the natural gas and oil industry of emissions that disproportionately burden African American communities. As a scientist, my overall observation is that the paper fails to demonstrate a causal relationship between natural gas activity and the health disparities, reported or predicted, within the African American community.
Rather, scholarly research attributes those health disparities to other factors that have nothing to do with natural gas and oil operations—such as genetics, indoor allergens and unequal access to preventative care. The objective should be to address the underlying socio-economic factors that contribute to the disparities, and one of the best vehicles is via the good jobs the natural gas and oil industry supports.
More specifically, the paper misleads on the information associated with asthma and cancer prevalence by conflating industry-associated emissions, hazards and risks. When we review health data from the states where energy development is occurring, we see a different outcome. For example, the latest Pennsylvania Department of Health data shows asthma hospitalizations among African Americans have decreased significantly at a time of increased natural gas production in the state.
Thanks to increased use of clean and abundant natural gas, carbon dioxide emissions from power generation have fallen 25 percent since 2005, and emissions from energy use across the entire economy are at their lowest levels in nearly 25 years. The use of domestic natural gas also is playing an important part in reducing other emissions, including nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide. Both are important developments for everyone's health.
The industry has improved its fuel products, eliminating lead in gasoline and reducing its sulfur content by more than 90 percent from 1990 to 2016.
Ambient benzene concentrations dropped by 71 percent from 1994-2013 nationwide, according to data from EPA's 2008 and 2015 Reports on the Environment – largely due to reductions in refinery emissions and improvements in gasoline.
During development of its 2015 Refinery Sector Rule, the EPA concluded that the public was protected from refinery emissions, including benzene, by existing regulations, and that protection would only increase with full implementation of the final rule.
Methane emissions from natural gas systems are down 16 percent since 1990, according to the EPA—a time period in which natural gas production has increased more than 50 percent. While not a direct public health concern, methane is an important greenhouse gas that the industry is working to reduce even more.
The industry is committed to making continuous improvements in the environmental performance of its operations and products, spending more than $320 billion on these improvements since 1990. Between 1990 and 2015, U.S. refiners alone spent $160.1 billion on improving their facilities.
The natural gas and oil industry supports 10.3 million jobs across the country—jobs that pay for health care, good nutrition, livable homes and more. Tens of thousands of our current employees are African Americans, a number that is projected to grow significantly in the future.
Natural gas and oil companies are invested in the communities where they operate. Our employees live, work and raise families in these communities.
In short, the natural gas and oil industry demonstrates its commitment, every day, to ensuring the protection of human health, safety and the environment for all Americans while providing millions of American families the benefits of affordable, reliable energy.
Our industry is a leader in reducing emissions and is committed to continuing that progress in the future through the use of data, new technologies and equipment—each reflecting our companies' desire to strengthen the communities where they operate.
Uni Blake is a scientific adviser in regulatory and scientific affairs at the American Petroleum Institute. As a toxicologist her focus includes exposure and risk assessments as they relate to environmental and public health. She lives in the Northern Neck of Virginia with her husband and children, where she enjoys working in the yard and taking care of her flower and vegetable gardens.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Nuclear emulsion is a three-dimensional particle tracking detector with a submicron spatial resolution.
It has been used for cosmic ray research and has contributed to the discoveries of $\pi$-meson~\cite{Brown:1949mj} and charmed particles~\cite{niu1971possible}.
To recognize the recorded trajectory with submicron accuracy in those cosmic-ray experiments, the emulsion films were scanned by eye using microscopes.
Consequently, this time-consuming method strongly limited the statistics.
To improve this situation, an automatic nuclear emulsion readout system, named Track Selector, has been developed in Nagoya University ~\cite{niwa1974auto}\cite{Aoki:1989uk}\cite{nakano1997automatic} and applied to many high-energy experiments, WA75~\cite{Albanese:1985wk}, E653~\cite{Kodama:1990zy}, E176~\cite{Aoki:1991ip}, CHORUS~\cite{Eskut:1997ar}, and DONUT~\cite{Kodama:2000mp}.
Especially in DONUT, the readout system has discovered the $\tau$ neutrino.
Thanks to the experiment, the validity of automatic nuclear emulsion readout systems was demonstrated.
In 2006, S-UTS with a readout speed of $\sim$10~m$^{2}$/year/system was released~\cite{Morishima:2010zz} to organize a large-scale neutrino oscillation experiment, OPERA~\cite{Acquafredda:2006ki}.
Adding to S-UTS, a similar readout system was also developed in Europe~\cite{Armenise:2005yh}.
In the OPERA analysis over more than five years, the scanning area for those readout systems reached the order of 100~m$^2$, and consequently, the systems have contributed to the discovery of $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ oscillation in the appearance mode~\cite{Agafonova:2014ptn}\cite{Agafonova:2015jxn}.

The success of OPERA experiment---i.e., large-area application of nuclear emulsion and automatic nuclear emulsion readout systems---has led to several applications of nuclear emulsion technology---e.g., GRAINE project, NINJA project, and cosmic-ray muon radiography project.
The GRAINE project~\cite{Aoki:2012nn}\cite{Takahashi:2016xsf} aims at cosmic gamma-ray observation with a balloon bone telescope.
The angular resolution of nuclear emulsion is one order greater than that of Fermi LAT~\cite{atwood2009large}; hence, the angular resolution allows the telescope to take sharper images of gamma-ray emission objects such as supernova remnants.
The scientific observation will be performed with multiple flights and a large aperture of $\sim$10~m$^2$ to be configured on a balloon.
Test flights were carried out in 2011 and 2015, and observational flights using total area of 1000~m$^2$ nuclear emulsion are within our scope.
The NINJA project~\cite{Fukuda:2017clt} aims at the precise measurement of low-energy neutrino-nucleus interactions and sterile neutrino search at J-PARC.
Only nuclear emulsion can detect short tracks and large angle tracks---i.e., low-energy charged particles such as recoil protons and nuclear evaporation fragments emitted to close to the 4$\pi$ region.
The cosmic-ray muon radiography project aims at observing the inner structures of large-scale objects including volcanos, iron furnaces, and nuclear power plants and archeological buildings including pyramids.
Nuclear emulsion has advantages in its compactness, including no requirement of power supply and large angular acceptance.
Nuclear emulsion also features scalability, which realizes almost 100 times more area than other technologies such as a scintillation detector under a given cost.

To work with those requirements for the experiments, we have been developing the next-generation nuclear emulsion readout system aiming at achieving a readout speed of $\sim$1000~m$^2$/year---i.e., 100 times faster than S-UTS.
In this paper, we will present the Hyper Track Selector (HTS) concept, basic configuration, evaluation of key devices, track detection performance, achieved readout speed, and future prospects to achieve a much faster system.

\section{Automatic nuclear emulsion readout system and the concept of HTS}
\label{sec:Concept}
In nuclear emulsion, trajectories of charged particles are recorded as three-dimensionally aligned dots of developed silver grains.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:abst_system},
the readout system takes tomographic images in an emulsion layer and recognizes those linked grains across the tomographic images as a track.
A track-finding algorithm, ``Track Selector,'' especially searches straightly aligned dots---i.e., high-momentum tracks.

Normally, the system is composed of a three-axis stage to scan the emulsion film, an objective lens to magnify the nuclear emulsion images, an image sensor for capturing tomographic images, and dedicated processors and/or computers to process the acquired images and manage the total system. The objective lens and the image sensor should satisfy the requirement of submicron resolution. To increase the readout speed, it is necessary to improve the performance of each device in a well-balanced way.

Fig.~\ref{fig:evolution} shows the development of the readout speed for the Track Selector series.
The most appropriate digital technologies are used at each moment to increase the processing speed.
Angle acceptance is also increased in every Track Selector series.
The TS and NTS have limited angle acceptance and then search a specific track in a view.
The UTS began to search all recorded tracks with the angular range of $\tan\theta\,<0.6$, where $\theta$ is the incident angle to a surface of an emulsion film.

The stage driving method has also been improved.
Before UTS, after the step movement of the $XY$-axis stage with motors to a targeted position, tomographic images were taken by changing the focal plane along the optical axis---i.e., $Z$-axis.
There is a dead time to wait for the vibration in the $XY$-axis stage to settle.
The vibration is caused by the acceleration and deceleration of the $XY$-axis stage; hence, so continuous stage movement has been adapted in S-UTS.
A dual piezo-driven objective lens has been installed; the $Z$-axis is used to change the focal plane, and the $X$-axis is used to cancel the $X$-axis stage movement.
As a result, the step and go movement of the $X$-axis stage has been removed.
The continuous stage movement overcame a bottleneck for the speedup.
In addition, a high-framerate camera of 3000~fps increased the readout frequency to 50~view/s, which is more than ten times faster than the previous system.
FPGA-based processors for high-speed image processing have also been developed to handle this high data rate.

Continuous-stage movement with higher-frequency movement of the objective lens seems unrealistic to achieve the further speedup, because the acceleration becomes $\sim$100~m/s$^2$ if we intend to achieve a readout frequency of 500~view/s.
Therefore, we changed the strategy from increasing the readout frequency to widening the field of view (FOV) for a new Track Selector, HTS.
To serve this purpose, we have developed a dedicated objective lens with an FOV of 5.1$\times$5.1~mm$^2$, which is approximately 500~times wider than the previous system.
To cover this wide FOV with submicron resolution, a mosaic camera system composed of 72 two-megapixel sensors has been developed.
The wide FOV is read by 72 sensors in parallel, and each captured image must be processed within the time comparable to that for stage movement.
Because the step motion was adapted again, the vibration bottleneck relapsed as described above.
Hence, a counter stage was introduced to cancel the movement and then hold the center of gravity for the stage, which seems to be the origin of the stage vibration.
A linear motor has been adapted to move the stage at a high acceleration and deceleration.
We also adapted consumer GPUs for the image processing and track recognition.
The GPUs are readily available, are widely used, and have design flexibility.

Fig.~\ref{fig:hts_full} shows a picture of the HTS system, dedicated lens, camera, $XYZ$-axis stage mounted on a base, and computer cluster for image processing.
The details of each part will be described in the next section.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_HTS_figs_abst_system2.pdf}
\caption{Outline of a nuclear emulsion automatic readout system.}\label{fig:abst_system}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_Evolution.pdf}
\caption{Development of the scanning speed of the Track Selector series.
The values of TS and NTS are the speeds at the same angular acceptance as UTS.}\label{fig:evolution}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_HTS_full.pdf}
\caption{Picture of HTS.}\label{fig:hts_full}
\end{figure}

\section{The HTS system}
\subsection{Optics: Objective lens and illuminator}
\label{sec:optics}
The optics---i.e., objective lens, illuminator, and beam splitter---were designed and produced by KONICA MINOLTA Inc.
The specifications are shown in Table~\ref{tab:lens}, and the outlook is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:lens}.
The FOV is 5.1$\times$5.1~mm$^2$, the magnification is 12.1$\times$, and the working distance is 1.5~mm.
Optical immersion oil with a refractive index of 1.505 must be inserted between the objective lens and the emulsion plate for optical matching.

To produce the wide view objective lens at a reasonable cost, the numerical aperture (NA) was limited to 0.65.
The NA was less than 0.85 of the previous objective lens with an FOV of 0.2$\times$0.2~mm$^2$.
To recover the degraded optical resolution by the smaller NA, light with wavelength $\lambda$ of 436~nm was utilized, which was shorter than the previous value of 550~nm.
No wavelength shorter than 400~nm can be used owing to the smaller transmittance of the material used for nuclear emulsion.
The lateral resolution defined by the Rayleigh criterion ($\delta x = 0.61\frac{\lambda}{\rm{NA}}$) became 410~nm.
The resolution was almost equal to that of the previous lens of 390~nm.
As a light source, a mercury xenon lamp was used to obtain enough brightness in the whole FOV, and bandpass optical filters centered at 436~nm with an FWHM of 10~nm were used to ignore chromatic aberration.
In addition, because of the smaller NA, the depth of field (DOF)
($\delta z = 2\frac{\lambda}{\rm{NA^2}}$)---i.e., the resolution along the optical axis---became 2.1~$\rm{\mu m}$,
which was approximately 1.5 times wider than that of the previous lens.

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}
\hline
 & S-UTS & HTS\\
\hline
Objective lens &  & \\
\hline
Manufacture & TIYODA & KONICA MINOLTA\\
Magnification & 35$\times$ & 12.1$\times$ \\
Numerical aperture & 0.85 & 0.65 \\
Optimum wavelength & Green (550~nm) & Blue (436~nm) \\
Working distance & 1.1~mm & 1.5~mm \\
Depth of field & 1.5~$\rm{\mu m}$ & 2.1~$\rm{\mu m}$ \\
Field of view & 0.230$\times$0.228~mm$^2$ & 5.1$\times$5.1~mm$^2$\\
\hline
Illuminator & & \\
\hline
Condenser NA & 0.85 & 0.66 \\
Light source & Hg-Xe lamp & Hg-Xe lamp\\
Filter & Green filter & 436$ \pm $10 nm \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Specification comparison of the objective lens and illuminator between S-UTS~\cite{Morishima:2010zz} and HTS. The depth of field is defined as $\delta z = 2\frac{\lambda}{\rm{NA^2}}$.}
\label{tab:lens}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\subfloat[Objective lens and beam splitter]{\includegraphics[page=1,width=0.3\textwidth]{./figs_lens.pdf}}
\hspace{1em}
\subfloat[Condenser lens for the illuminator]{\includegraphics[page=2,width=0.3\textwidth]{./figs_lens.pdf}}
\caption{Photos of the optics.}\label{fig:lens}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Camera}
HTS uses 72 image sensors.
As shown in Table~\ref{tab:image_sensor}, one sensor has 2.2~megapixels (H2048$\times$V1088 pixels).
The physical pixel pitch of 5.5~$\rm{\mu m}$ corresponds to 0.45~$\rm{\mu m}$ on the object.
This value of 0.45~$\rm{\mu m}$ is approximately the diffraction limit of 0.41~$\rm{\mu m}$ as described in section \ref{sec:optics}.

Six mosaic camera modules, in which 12 image sensors are arranged respectively as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:camera},
are installed on the six image planes divided by the beam splitter.
The sensors that compose the camera cover different parts of the 5.1$\times$5.1~mm$^2$ FOV as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:lens_camera}
to complement the dead spaces of the other cameras.
Each sensor has overlap greater than 50~$\rm{\mu m}$ (at the object) with the adjacent sensor
to achieve tolerance for the alignment error of the sensor and camera and avoid missing the trajectory at the sensor edge.

The framerate of the sensor is 300~fps which is ten times slower than that of S-UTS.
The total image transfer rate is 48~GB/s, which is 60 times larger than that of S-UTS.

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}
\hline
Image sensor  & S-UTS & HTS \\
\hline
Product name & MEMCAMfx RX-6 custom & CMV2000\\
Image sensor & CMOS & CMOS\\
Resolution & 512~$\times$~508~pixels & 2048~$\times$~1088~pixels \\
Framerate & 3000~fps & 300~fps \\
Pixel pitch & 16~$\rm{\mu m}$~$\times$~16~$\rm{\mu m}$ & 5.5~$\rm{\mu m}$~$\times$~5.5~$\rm{\mu m}$ \\
Electronic shutter & Available & Available \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Specification comparison of the image sensor between S-UTS~\cite{Morishima:2010zz} and HTS.}\label{tab:image_sensor}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{./figs_camera.pdf}
\caption{Photo of mosaic camera unit. Twelve image sensors are mounted on one unit. The red bold frame shows the sensitive part of a sensor.}
\label{fig:camera}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_HTS_figs_lens_camera.pdf}
\caption{Schematic view of the beam splitter unit with six windows (left) and the FOV configuration constructed with six mosaic camera units (right).}
\label{fig:lens_camera}
\end{figure}

\subsection{$XYZ$-axis stage}

\subsubsection{$XY$-axis stages}
The $XY$ stage is set on a metal surface table whose size is 2$\times$1~m$^2$ and weight is approximately 700~kg.
The stage stroke is matched up to the OPERA film whose size is 125$\times$100~mm$^2$~\cite{Nakamura:2006xs}.
The $X$ direction is designed to be the main scanning direction, and the stroke is set to be 130~mm.
The $X$ stage is driven by a linear motor that can drive 5-mm step movements of the 35-kg $X$ stage in 20~ms.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:main_counter_stage}, a counter stage is installed, and then the counter stage is driven to suppress the vibration caused by the movement of the system's center of gravity.
The stroke of the $Y$ stage is set to be 100~mm.
The $Y$ stage is driven by a rotary motor and a ball screw.
Three linear encoders are installed on each stage (two on $X$ and one on $Y$), and the encoders are used to monitor the stage position and feedback to each actuator.

\subsubsection{$Z$-axis stage}

The $Z$ stage has two driving mechanics---i.e., coarse lens movement and fine film movement.
The coarse lens movement drives the lens and its support, weighing 200~kg, to change the emulsion layers and exchange the scanning films.
The coarse movement consists of four rotary motors equipped with rotary encoders and ball screws, and the stroke is set to be 20~mm.
The fine film movement drives the film to acquire tomographic images of an emulsion layer.
The fine movement consists of piezo actuators with linear encoders for the feedback of the $Z$ position.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{./figs_HTS_figs_main_counter_stage.pdf}
\caption{Configuration of $X$-axis stage.
The main stage and the counter stage are installed in line and are driven in the opposite direction to maintain the center of gravity at rest.}
\label{fig:main_counter_stage}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Computer clusters}
\subsubsection{Computer configuration}
The HTS system configuration is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:hts_hardware}.
The system is controlled by 38 computers: one main computer, one data storage computer, and 36 tracking computers.

The main computer controls the stage movement through a motion controller and piezo controller.
There are 72 image sensors in 6 camera units covering a 5.1$\times$5.1~mm$^2$ FOV.
Each sensor is connected to a sensor controller, and one GPU board (NVIDIA GeForce GTX680 or higher) is used for image processing and track recognition per sensor.
Two sensor controllers and two GPU boards are mounted on one tracking computer.
Thirty-six tracking computers then cover all 72 sensors.

The network configuration of those computers is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:network_system}.
The main computer, tracking computers, and data storage computer are connected through Ethernet.
The main computer and tracking computers are connected through Gigabit Ethernet (GbE).
The main computer triggers the data capture sequence of the tracking computers and receives feedback information including the number of recognized grains from the tracking computers to monitor the status of data capture.
Recognized track data are transferred from tracking computers to a storage computer.
The storage computer is connected through 10~GbE to simultaneously transfer the data from 36 tracking computers.
After storing the data on the storage computer, the analysis computers reconstruct tracks from the output data for offline analysis.
The analysis computer is also connected with 10~GbE to copy the data from the data storage computer.

\subsubsection{Software configuration}
The software configuration is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:software_system}.
A scan manager, stage manager, piezo manager, and shutter manager operate on the main computer.
The track recognition program and sensor manager operate on the tracking computers.
The images used in the tracking recognition program are transferred from the sensor manager via the shared memory.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[page=1,width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_Visio-HTS_device_system.pdf}
\caption{Schematic view of the HTS system configuration.}\label{fig:hts_hardware}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[page=3,width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_Visio-HTS_device_system.pdf}
\caption{Network configuration of the HTS system.}\label{fig:network_system}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[page=2,width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_Visio-HTS_device_system.pdf}
\caption{Software configuration of the HTS system.}\label{fig:software_system}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Track recognition procedure}

Twenty-two tomographic images are taken by changing the focal plane through the emulsion layer,
and sixteen successive images in the emulsion layer are used for track recognition.
A typical thickness of an emulsion layer is 60~$\rm{\mu m}$.

\subsubsection{Image processing}
Image processing applied to the original images has two steps.
The two steps are performed on the GPUs using the OpenCV library (version 2.4).

The first step is an extraction of focused grains on the images.
A low-pass filter is applied to the original image to create a blurred background image.
A grain has a typical size of 0.5~$\rm{\mu m}$, which corresponds to approximately one pixel on the image.
Thus, the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter should be approximately 1/(10 pixels).
The background brightness $B_{BG}(x,y)$ for a pixel $(x,y)$ is calculated by averaging the weighted brightness of $N$$\times$$N$ pixels
surrounding a specified pixel of original brightness $B_{Original}$ with a matrix---i.e., a kernel $K$.
\begin{equation*}
B_{BG}=\sum_{i=1}^{N} \sum_{j=1}^{N}B_{Original}\left(x+i,y+j\right)\cdot K(i,j).
\label{equ:convolution}
\end{equation*}
We used a cutoff frequency of 1/(12.5 pixels) and a kernel with 15$\times$15 matrices.
By subtracting this averaged image from the original image, an image with a high-frequency component is obtained as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:original_bg_signal}.
Finally, by applying a threshold cut, we obtained the grains on the images.

At the second step, elimination of off-focus grains spread over the images with different focal depth is applied.
This process was performed on the $BG$ image with the before-and-after images.
\begin{equation*}
B'_M=B_M-\frac{a}{2}\left(B_{M-1}+B_{M+1}\right).
\label{equ:zfilter}
\end{equation*}
The factor $a$ was adjusted so that the spread of focused grains was less than the interval of the images and $M$ is the number of tomographic images.
After those processes, a threshold cut is applied to obtain binary images.
Hit expansion of 2$\times$2 to up, right, and upper-right of the original hit pixels (Fig.~\ref{fig:expansion} (b))
or 3$\times$3 to surround the original hit pixels (Fig.~\ref{fig:expansion} (c))
is then carried out, because the size of the grain hit is normally smaller than the allowance of the trajectory recognition algorithm.
We usually utilized 2$\times$2 expansion to improve signal-to-noise ratio.

\subsubsection{Judgment on the success of the image acquisition}\label{sec:surface_recognition}
It should be determined whether the acquired tomographic images adequately cover an emulsion layer before moving to the next FOV.
In the standard setting, 22~images are captured; sixteen successive images are used for track recognition, and then six images are used as margin images.

The number of grains (NOG) recognized in each image is calculated by image processing step 1.
The existence of the emulsion layer in the images is judged when the NOG is greater than a defined threshold.

The $Z$ positions of each sensor on the object are spreading in approximately two images at present even if the emulsion film surface is completely flat.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:judge_nog}, using NOG information, the numbers of margin images on the base side and surface side are calculated for each sensor.
The two average values of the margin images over all sensors are calculated.
If either average value is less than 1, the image data acquisition is attempted again.
Moreover, if either average value is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 1.5, the $Z$ position to start image capture is corrected in the next FOV.
These treatments minimize the time loss to data recapture.

\subsubsection{Track recognition}
Straightly aligned grains through the sixteen binarized tomographic images are searched with the method described in the previous paper~\cite{Morishima:2010zz}.
The method, the so-called Track Selector algorithm, uses simple shift and sum functions.
The binary images are shifted to $X$ and $Y$ as the specified angle tracks become perpendicular to the focal plane and summed perpendicularly.
The summed value, called pulse height (PH), is an indicator of the track likelihood.
By setting the threshold, tracks with the specified angle are then recognized.
The process is repeated by changing the angle specification---i.e., scanning the required angular range.
The relative shift value from the first image to sixteenth image is given to be every three pixels ranging within $\pm$180~pixels for $X$ and $Y$ individually in the case of the standard condition.
The corresponding angle range is $\pm$53$^{\circ}$ in the case of a 60-$\rm{\mu m}$-thick emulsion layer.
Although the readout speed becomes slower, we can choose the relative shift pixel ranging within $\pm$360~pixels---i.e., the corresponding angle range of $\pm$70$^{\circ}$.
This tracking program can handle up to $\sim$10$^6$~tracks/cm$^2$ without extra processing time.
The speedup of the tracking programs installed in the GPU is one of the keys to realize HTS.
The details will be described in a future paper.

After applying threshold cut, clustering of the recognized tracks in angle and position space is applied because one track has multiple hits spreading over the angle and position space.
The clustering process is performed by the CPU of the tracking computer.
At this clustering process, the volume of the hits over the position space ($PHvol$) is also calculated, which represents the darkness of the track---i.e., the size of ionization energy loss per unit length ($dE/dx$).
The finally identified track is called a micro track and is the base for further track reconstruction.

\subsubsection{Diagram of the procedure}
The time chart for scanning is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:timechart}.
Except at the time of judgment, the stage, the camera, and the tracking computers work in parallel.
In the standard setting of track recognition,
the time for moving to the next view is longer than the total of image processing step 2 and track recognition.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_FIR_image_filter2.pdf}
\caption{
    Schematic view of the image processing to extract grains.
    The low-frequency background $BG$ is extracted from the original image.
    Grains appear as the peaks in the signal, which is the $BG$ subtracted from the original.}\label{fig:original_bg_signal}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\subfloat[No expansion]{\includegraphics[page=1,width=0.2\textwidth]{./figs_expansion.pdf}}
\hspace{1em}
\subfloat[2$\times$2 expansion]{\includegraphics[page=2,width=0.2\textwidth]{./figs_expansion.pdf}}
\hspace{1em}
\subfloat[3$\times$3 expansion]{\includegraphics[page=3,width=0.2\textwidth]{./figs_expansion.pdf}}
\caption{
    Schematic view of the image expansion.
    The original pixels and the expanded pixels are the black pixels and the gray pixels, respectively. }\label{fig:expansion}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_judge_nog.pdf}
\caption{Method to locate emulsion layer position among tomographic images.}\label{fig:judge_nog}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[page=1,width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_Visio-HTS_timechart.pdf}
\caption{Time sequence of each device activity.
    The length of the squares is not proportional to the actual time.}\label{fig:timechart}
\end{figure}

\section{Sensor-to-sensor alignments}
Our unification of the 72 independent image sensors into one coordinate is the first such attempt in the history of nuclear emulsion readout systems.

The objective lens has a distortion such as ``radial distortion'' in its wide view of 5.1$\times$5.1~mm$^2$.
Although this distortion is thought to affect the position and angle of the recognized tracks, the effects can be ignored owing to the fine segmentations of the FOV into 72 sensors;
an affine transformation parameter of each sensor can correct the magnification difference and position offset for each sensor.

The coordinate system of each sensor should be unified into the stage coordinate based on the encoders of the $XYZ$-axis stage.
The coordinate transformation from the sensor coordinate $(x, y)$ to the stage coordinate $(X, Y)$ is defined as
\begin{equation*}
\left(
    \begin{array}{c}X\\Y \end{array}
\right)
=
\left(
    \begin{array}{cc}
    a & b \\
    c & d
    \end{array}
\right)
\left(
    \begin{array}{c}x\\y\end{array}
\right)
+
\left(
    \begin{array}{c}p\\q\end{array}
\right),
\label{equ:affine}
\end{equation*}
with affine parameters---i.e., $a, b, c, d$ for rotation and deformation correction and $p, q$ for displacement correction.
Here, $p$ and $q$ are defined as relative displacement vectors from one reference sensor to a certain sensor.

\subsection{Sensor alignment using grains recorded in a real emulsion}
\label{sec:calibration_before}
To determine the affine parameters of each sensor, real grains contained in a nuclear emulsion are used as in the calibration of segmented sensors of a telescope using a star catalog.
Calculation of affine parameters is performed as follows.
First, $a_i$, $b_i$, $c_i$, and $d_i$ are obtained by comparing the amount of movement in a sensor coordinate and stage coordinate by moving the stage in the $X$ and $Y$ directions.
Second, a main grain catalog of 5$\times$5~mm$^2$ is created by using a reference sensor,
and subgrain catalogs of 1$\times$0.5~mm$^2$ are created by using the other sensors.
These catalogs are corrected by using $a_i$, $b_i$, $c_i$, and $d_i$ obtained in the above procedure.
Finally, the displacement parameter of $p_i$ and $q_i$ can be obtained by comparing each subcatalog to the main catalog.
These catalogs are revised when the parameters are remeasured.

The average magnification ($mag=\frac{1}{2}\left( \sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\right)$) is 0.4545~$\rm{\mu m}$/pixel over all sensors.
The ratio of $mag$ to the minimum one is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:sensor_magnification}.
The maximum $mag$ is 0.39\% larger than the minimum $mag$ by the radial distortion, and these two sensors are 3.0~mm apart.
This corresponds to radial distortion of 0.234\% from the center to the corner of the FOV.
By this value, the distortion of an 80-$\rm{\mu m}$-long track, which is the longest track in the standard setting, is calculated to be 0.1~pixels, which is found to be sufficiently smaller than the required value of one pixel.

\subsection{Calibration method by using real scanning data}
\label{sec:calibration_after}

The affine parameters are sometimes shifted by aging, thermal expansion of the camera support, etc.
A trajectory in the overlap area (27\% in the whole area) between adjacent sensors is then detected at two positions.
We devised and implemented a new method using real tracks in normal data capture because the method described in section~\ref{sec:calibration_before} is quite time consuming.

To determine the relative displacement of each sensor with the real tracks,
the position displacement vector ($D_1$, $D_2$, $D_3$, $D_4$) relative to the four adjacent sensors is calculated for each sensor by comparing the position difference of those simultaneously recognized tracks.
The most probable relative displacement vector $P_{i}(x,y)$ is then calculated by minimizing the residuals $\sigma$ defined as
\begin{equation*}
\sigma^2=\sum_{i=1}^{72}\sum_{j=1}^4 \left( D_{ij} - P_{i} \right)^2,
\end{equation*}
by analytical calculations assuming $P_{1}$ to be $(0, 0)$, where $i$ is the sensor number.
The residuals are calculated in the $X$ and $Y$ directions independently.
After this process, the track positions are converted again with the new affine parameters.
The distribution of the position difference of tracks in all adjacent sensors is then obtained as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:iti_zure}.
The sigma values of $dx$ and $dy$ are obtained to be 0.23 and 0.26~$\rm{\mu m}$ for the $X$-and $Y$-axes, respectively.
This accuracy is precise enough for a pixel size of 0.45~$\rm{\mu m}$.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{./figs_20161215T064946_Sensor2Sensor_3_gray.pdf}
\caption{Magnification ratio of each sensor. The minimum value appears at the upper-leftmost sensor and is set to one.}\label{fig:sensor_magnification}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\subfloat[$X$-axis]{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{./figs_dx3.pdf}}
\hspace{1em}
\subfloat[$Y$-axis]{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{./figs_dy3.pdf}}
\caption{Distribution of position difference of the tracks recognized in the overlap area of the two adjacent sensors.}\label{fig:iti_zure}
\end{figure}

\section{Stage tuning}
Because HTS has utilized step movement (go and stop) to scan films and the distance of the step has been an order of magnitude longer, the vibration effect caused by the stop movement should be well understood.
The residual vibrations after stop may cause blurred grain images or curved tracks, and then the pulse height may be decreased and the recognized position and angle may be shifted.

\subsection{Evaluation of the vibration effect}
To evaluate the vibration, 30 images (=0.1~s) were taken while fixing the $Z$ position from the moment when the encoder of the $X$-axis stage reaches the target position.
Using grains recognized in the captured images, positional deviations between sequential frames were measured.

\subsection{Result}
First, the maximum velocity was fixed at 100~mm/s, and the acceleration was varied from 1.0--10~m/s$^2$.
The counter stage was driven to be synchronized to the main stage.
When the acceleration was greater than 5~m/s$^2$, the vibration was not settled within 0.12~s.
Therefore, we set the acceleration as 5~m/s$^2$.
Next, we evaluated the difference with and without the counter stage movement.
The result is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:Stage_acc_disp_wo_counter}.
The amount of vibration is significantly reduced with the counter stage movement.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[page=2,width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_counter_stage_counter.pdf}
\caption{
    Effect of the counter stage.
    The circle and square show the vibration in the cases with and without the counter stage movement, respectively.}\label{fig:Stage_acc_disp_wo_counter}
\end{figure}

\section{Evaluation}
\subsection{Overview of the performance evaluation}
The performance of an automatic readout machine is evaluated mainly in terms of track finding efficiency and angular accuracy.
We evaluated the HTS performance by using real data of the nuclear emulsion films exposed in a GRAINE 2015 flight~\cite{Ozaki:2015xlw}. The films have a size of 25$\times$38~cm$^2$.
Emulsion layers approximately 60~$\rm{\mu m}$ thick were coated on both sides of a 180-$\rm{\mu m}$-thick polystyrene plastic base.
The density of silver bromide crystals in the emulsion is higher than that of OPERA film~\cite{Nakamura:2006xs}, which was used in S-UTS evaluation.
All films contained in the converter section and the shifter section were readout by the HTS.
For this evaluation, only the bottom three films of the convert section in the area of 117~cm$^2$ were used.
The quality of the converter and shifter section will be discussed in another paper.

In the GRAINE 2015 flight, the nuclear emulsion has a history of 8.5~days on the ground and 14.4~h on the flight.
Level flight at an altitude of 37.2~km was continued for 11.5~h.

\subsubsection{Track reconstruction}
Micro tracks of two emulsion layers on both sides of a plastic base were connected, and then a base track candidate was selected.
As shown in~\ref{fig:micro_base_tracks} (a), we connected the edges of two micro tracks on the base side to establish the angle and position of the base track.
The PH of the base track is the summed PH of two micro tracks.
We have defined that a more likely base track has a smaller angular difference between each micro track and the base track.

Because the angle of a micro track $\overrightarrow{ma}$ is affected by the shrinkage and the distortion of the emulsion layer caused by the development,
those effects should be corrected by using the so-called shrinkage factor $shr$ and distortion vector $\overrightarrow{dist}$ as follows:
\begin{eqnarray*}
\begin{split}
\label{eq:dc_correction}
\overrightarrow{ma}' = shr \cdot \overrightarrow{ma}  + \overrightarrow{dist}.
\end{split}
\end{eqnarray*}
where $\overrightarrow{ma}$ is the original angle, and $\overrightarrow{ma}'$ is the corrected angle.
The shrinkage factor and distortion vector are calculated to maximize the number of connected base tracks.
The base tracks crossing multiple films are reconstructed with the angle and position consistency as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:micro_base_tracks} (b).

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\subfloat[]{\includegraphics[page=1,width=0.4\textwidth]{./figs_HTS_figs_base_micro2.pdf}}
\hspace{1em}
\subfloat[]{\includegraphics[page=3,width=0.4\textwidth]{./figs_HTS_figs_base_micro2.pdf}}
\caption{(a) The definition of micro tracks and base tracks. (b) The definition of the angle and position difference between two base tracks. The angle difference is $|\theta_1 - \theta_2|$, and the position difference is $|P_1 - P_2|$.}\label{fig:micro_base_tracks}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Results}
\subsubsection{Base track finding efficiency}
To evaluate the track finding efficiency at a film, tracks were reconstructed by using the films sandwiching the target film, and the existence of the reconstructed tracks was checked at the target film.
The base track finding efficiency of a film is defined as the ratio between the number of found predicted tracks and the number of all predicted tracks.

The measured angular dependence of the track finding efficiency is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:efficiency2}.
The efficiency was greater than 97\% in the angular range of $\tan \theta\!<\!1.6$.
The efficiency for $\tan \theta$ less than 0.2 is slightly higher than for the other regions.
The angle dependence of the pulse height is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:ph_angle} (a).
The efficiency is correlated to the average PH.
The PH distributions of the found tracks for $0.0\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!0.1$, $0.2\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!0.3$, and $0.9\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!1.0$ are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:ph_angle} (b).
The PH averages for $0.0\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!0.1$, $0.2\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!0.3$ and $0.9\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!1.0$ were measured to be 31.2, 28.5, and 25.4, respectively.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{figs_efficiency_efficiency.pdf}
\caption{Angle dependence of the track finding efficiency of base tracks.}
\label{fig:efficiency2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\subfloat[]{\includegraphics[page=2,width=0.45\textwidth]{./figs_ph_mt_bt_summed_ph_mt.pdf}}
\hspace{1em}
\subfloat[]{\includegraphics[page=1,width=0.45\textwidth]{./figs_ph_mt_bt_summed_ph_mt.pdf}}
\caption{(a) Angle dependence of average pulse height of the base tracks. The error of the average is a standard deviation. (b) Pulse height distributions for the base tracks of $0.0\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!0.1$, $0.2\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!0.3$, and $0.9\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!1.0$.}\label{fig:ph_angle}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{The angular accuracy}
The angular accuracy of the micro tracks is defined as the angular difference between the micro tracks and the base tracks,
and that of base tracks is defined as the angular difference between the base track in the evaluating film and that in the next film.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:radial_lateral}, the angular accuracy was resolved for ``radial and lateral'' components;
the radial axis is the horizontal direction of the track, and the lateral axis is the perpendicular direction.
Because the depth of field is greater than the lateral resolution, the two components are very different in the large angle tracks.
The angle dependence for the angular accuracy of the micro tracks is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:angle_micro}, and that of the base tracks is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:angle_base}.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[page=1,width=1.0\linewidth]{figs_radial_lateral.pdf}
\caption{Schematic view of the ``Radial-Lateral'' component definition of angular difference between two tracks.}
\label{fig:radial_lateral}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{The track finding efficiency dependence of readout repetition frequency}

The repetition frequency in the above evaluation was 4.2~view/s, which corresponds to a readout speed of 3800~cm$^2$/h.

We investigated the track finding efficiency as a function of the repetition frequency from 4~view/s to 5.5~view/s.
The frequency was changed by changing the timing of the image data capture, and the peak speed and acceleration of the $X$-axis stage were not changed.
The result is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:efficiency_speed}.
The efficiency becomes lower when the frequency becomes higher.
For example, the efficiency was deteriorated by 1\% in the case of the track with an angle of $0.9\!<\!\tan \theta\!<\!1.0$ when the frequency was changed from 4.0~view/s to 5.2~view/s.
If a 1\% decrease is acceptable, a readout speed of 4700~cm$^2$/h at 5.2~view/s can be executed.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[page=2,width=0.6\linewidth]{./figs_acc_mt_acc_mt.pdf}
\caption{Angle dependence of angle accuracy for micro tracks.}
\label{fig:angle_micro}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{./figs_acc_bt_acc_bt.pdf}
\caption{Angle dependence of angle accuracy for base tracks.}
\label{fig:angle_base}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[ width=0.6\textwidth]{./figs_efficiency_speed_efficiency_speed.pdf}
\caption{
    Dependence of the track finding efficiency for the readout speed.
    Here, 5.2~view/s corresponds to 4700~cm$^2$/h.}
\label{fig:efficiency_speed}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Discussion}

The pulse height of the smaller angle track is higher because of the focal depth.
The distance in the $Z$ direction between two adjacent captured images is determined to be almost the same as the focal depth of the HTS, approximately 4~$\rm{\mu m}$.
When two grains are lined up in the $Z$ direction---i.e., optical axis---the grains spread over images of the different depths.
As a result, it is considered that the PH is amplified at a smaller angle.

Angular accuracies of micro tracks in the range of $|\tan \theta|\!<\!0.1$ are 7~mrad in HTS and 13~mrad in S-UTS~\cite{Morishima:2010zz}, and
those in the range of $0.4\!<\!|\tan \theta|\!<\!0.5$ are 11~mrad in HTS and 23~mrad in S-UTS.
Although it is difficult to compare directly owing to the different thicknesses of the emulsion layer, the angular accuracy of HTS seems better than that of S-UTS.

The angular accuracies of base tracks in the range of $|\tan \theta|\!<\!0.1$ are 2.5~mrad in HTS and 2.5~mrad in S-UTS, and those in the range of $0.4\!<\!|\tan \theta|\!<\!0.5$ are 5.4~mrad in HTS and 4.2~mrad in S-UTS.
Although it is also difficult to compare directly owing to the difference in sensitivity to charged particles, incident particles, thickness of plastic base, uniformity of thickness, and variation in shrinkage and distortion,
the angular accuracy of HTS in the small angle is almost the same as that of S-UTS, and that of HTS in the larger angle seems slightly lower.

To improve the angular accuracy of the base track even at a large angle, it is necessary to improve the position accuracy in the $Z$ direction.
When acquiring images, because the clocks of 72 sensors are not synchronized, the focal plane has an error of approximately 4~$\rm{\mu m}$ for capturing images.
Furthermore, the image of one grain has an error of 4~$\rm{\mu m}$ in the depth direction because of the focal depth.
Implementation of synchronous signals and advances in image processing will solve the angular accuracy problem.

At the HTS, we have improved the readout speed by widening the FOV.
As described in section~\ref{sec:Concept}, to increase the readout speed, there are two directions; one is to increase the frequency of readout repetition, and the other is to widen the FOV.
HTS took the second way.
For further speedup, we are designing a new readout system, HTS-2, along both directions.
An objective lens with a double-wider FOV and contentious movement with a diagonal focal plane will be adapted.
HTS-2 will hopefully achieve a scanning speed of 25,000~cm$^2$/h, which is approximately 5 times faster than that of the HTS (HTS-1).

\section{Conclusion}
Nuclear emulsion is a three-dimensional particle tracking detector with more than 100 years of history, but it still has an extensive application field thanks to the invention of automatic nuclear emulsion readout systems.
The newest machine, HTS, described in this paper is intended to address the modern applications.
HTS has been developed with a wide field lens of 5.1$\times$5.1~mm$^2$ FOV and 72 two-megapixel sensors to cover this FOV.
We also applied 72 GPUs and 36 CPUs for image processing.
Scanning at 5.2~view/s with 5~mm step movement has been achieved by utilizing the counter stage.
Finally, HTS achieved a readout speed of approximately 0.5~m$^2$/h, which is almost two orders faster than that of the previous system used in the OPERA experiment.
This speed corresponds to a scanning area of $\sim$1000~m$^2$/year.

There are two main subjects for HTS.
One is a wide field parallel readout by multiple sensors maintaining submicron accuracy.
The other is vibration suppression after the step movement.
As described above, the new method for multisensor position alignment has been accomplished by using real grain and track data.
For vibration suppression, the realistic acceleration value was tuned by using a counter stage.

The previous HTS readout area of approximately 50~m$^2$ in the GRAINE 2015 flight showed that the tracking efficiency is greater than 97\% for the tracks with an angle of $\tan\theta\!<\!1.0$ and contributed to the observation of cosmic gamma ray.
Relating to muon radiography, an area of approximately 80~m$^2$ was readout, and new inner structures were identified in pyramids.
In the NINJA project, HTS readout an area of approximately 20~m$^2$ and contributed to the study of low-energy neutrino interactions.
In addition, the availability of HTS stimulates new projects and triggers new collaborative work, and HTS is becoming an indispensable tool for future radiation measurements.

\section*{Acknowledgment}
We would like to thank T.~Kawai for constructing HTS.
We wish to acknowledge valuable discussion on the calibration method with S.~Kukita.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP22340057 and the JST-SENTAN Program from Japan Science and Technology Agency, JST.
Some instruments were supplied by Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe (KMI).
M.~Yoshimoto and H.~Kawahara were supported by a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow.
I thank all collaborators who have utilized HTS for their experiments.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
That's A Wrap: Devonte Green
Josh Margolis
Welcome to "That's A Wrap," our player-by-player recap of the 2016-2017 Indiana Hoosiers. First up: Devonte Green.
Green (32 games): 4.4 points, 1.8 rebounds, 1.1 assists, 55.7% eFG, 71% FT, 44% 3PFG% in 15.2 minutes per game.
Green showed flashes of brilliance in his debut season at Indiana and has already proven he can shoot at the college level, but inexperience and limited minutes prevented him from truly breaking through.
Green contributed to the win over Kansas on Nov. 11 with a clutch 3-pointer, but didn't bury another shot from deep until Dec. 4. In the home opener against UMass-Lowell, Green scored six points and added four steals, although much of that came in garbage time.
After suffering an injury vs. Nebraska to open Big Ten play, Green didn't play in the next two contests (Louisville, Wisconsin). When Green returned, he struggled to acclimate to conference play, scoring five points or fewer in 12 of the next 13 games. Even during that stretch, however, there were times Green would pull off a dazzling pass or a timely steal.
The injury bug once again bit Green later in the season, as Crean noted on his Feb. 14 radio show that he had suffered a back spasm while trying to lift a 35-pound bar.
Once Green neared full health, he once again showcased his immense potential.
Perhaps the best stretch of Green's freshman year came at the end of the conference season. Green reached double-figures scoring in three of the last five games of Big Ten play (including the two tournament games) and shot 71 percent from three (10-of-14).
Against Northwestern, the first game of that five-game period, Green capped off a 22-0 run by banking in a 70-foot heave. It was the second time Green banked in a buzzer-beater from beyond halfcourt.
Green has also proven himself to be a capable defender. His steal percentage of 2.6 was the second best on the team, behind only OG Anunoby (3.0). There are other components of his defensive play that need improvement, but he's well on track to becoming a solid two-way player.
There is a lot of polishing to be done with Green's game. His turnover rate of 28.8 was the highest on the team, and he finished the season with more turnovers (40) than assists (34). If Green wants to earn consistent minutes as a lead guard, he'll need to clean that up.
There was also the time he made Tom Crean irate after attempting to throw an alley-oop to Freddie McSwain as the clock expired.
But for a three-star recruit that barely cracked the top-200 of 247Sports composite rankings for the class of 2016, the growing pains can be forgiven. A bright future likely lies ahead if Green decides to stay the course in Bloomington.
Bottom Line: Green worked his way up from rotation player to the first guard off the bench for Indiana. He's proven himself to be unafraid of the big moment, an attribute rarely seen from freshmen entering pressure-packed situations. If Green can take better care of the ball and continue shooting above 40 percent from deep, a successful future lies ahead for him.
Quotable: "(Green) just played with a high motor. Moved the ball. There's certain things you've got to live with – that one turnover late in the game – he's going to get so much better when he can play with those eyes up. And he'll be such a better player. He really will. Most guys go through (growing pains) and he's got to get to that point. But he played hard. He just played basketball. And he held his matchups very well. So he did an outstanding job" – Tom Crean after Indiana's win over Northwestern.
Filed to: Devonte Green
Film Session: A look at Dayton's offense, defense under Archie Miller
Troy Williams scores 21 points in Rockets debut

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Pocket Fruity Casino Review
Website: www.pocketfruity.com
Software: Realistic games
Games and Slots: 250+
UK Gambling Commission
Windows: Yes
Linux: Yes
Mac: Yes
Download version: No
Support: 24/7 online chat, Email
£30 Free Bingo Bonus
Visit casino website T&C applies
Additional Info about Pocket Fruity Casino
Pocket Fruity is a UK-based online casino powered mainly by Realistic Games. It is especially dedicated to providing mobile players with a stunning gaming experience. Their unique AlchemyBet platform ranges from classic three-reel slots to five-reel video slots with gorgeous bonus features.
Popular slot : Big Wheel, Black Knight, Black Widow, Cashino, Cool Wolf, Immortal Romance, Hitman, Pharaoh's Fortune, Steam Tower
Popular games: Blackjack, Bingo, Instant Win
Promotions: First Deposit Bonus: 300% FREE!, 50 Free Spins
About Pocket Fruity Casino
•Great mobile gaming interface
• Powered by AlchemyBet platform
•SSL encryption
• Proved fair to UKGC standards
• Gorgeous selection of bingo games, slots, instant win games & more
• Provides support with a really convenient on-site contact form
• Attractive user interface
• No deposit bonus
• Only available to UK players
• No table games, video pokers
• No phone support
Pocket Fruity is one of the latest entrants to the world of online casino gambling after being established in 2012. Even though the institution primarily caters to the customers in the United Kingdom, it acquires the first licence and regulation aspects from Alderney Gambling Control Commission. However, the players will be playing under the rules and regulations of the UK Gambling Commission.
Our expert team of reviewers at 777spinslot.com will be diving into various aspects of Pocket Fruity in order to provide you with an accurate picture.
Since the Pocket Fruity com casino is strictly meant for the UK players, it is available only in English language. As with other competitors, this institution has several games that are controlled by the random number generator, which is independently audited in order to ensure the accuracy and fairness of Pocket Fruity games.
Pocket Fruity Casino Games
The availability of a strong collection of games is of paramount importance to the success of any competitor in this industry. Realising this aspect, this institution manages to provide some of the best options available today. It is capable of offering the top games since it runs on a modern platform. Pocket Fruity mobile casino and the desktop variant share a number of titles, which can be accessed 24 x 7.
The most popular option would be the slot titles, which form the bulk of offering at this institution. One can find every type of slot titles from the traditional titles with only three reels to the latest titles that commonly employ the five-reel setup.
The wide options at www pocketfruity com makes it appealing to a wider class of audience. Some of the popular titles at this institution include Siberian Storm, Starburst, Jurassic Park, Cleopatra, Rainbow Riches, and Da Vinci Diamonds.
Besides, Pocket Fruity casino games are also provided equal importance. A wide selection of table games like roulette, blackjack, and poker form the bulk of offerings in this category. Some of the popular poker games like Deuces Wild, Jacks or Better, and Double Bonus Poker are meant for the serious gamers. Blackjack and Roulette are available in several variations to make it an interesting collection of Pocket Fruity games for avid players.
Bonus and Financial Policy
New players get a 300% bonus upon making a first deposit of just £10. The institution concentrates heavily on providing regular promotional offers for new and existing players in order to keep the interest going.
This welcome bonus offer is, of course, limited to £150, but that attractiveness is increased even further with Pocket Fruity free spins. A new player will receive 50 free spins that can be played on games like Gonzo's Quest, Starburst, Twin Spin, and Fruit Shop. While the entire quantity free spins will be split up into two, it makes for an interesting bonus offer.
A wagering requirement of 40X applies to the welcome bonus offer, while any wins from the free spins will be subjected to 60X wagering requirements, as our testers noticed during the Pocket Fruity review.
The institution has a VIP program in order to reward the regular players with certain perks. There are two different VIP programs – standard and platinum. A high roller can become part of the standard VIP program automatically as they reach a threshold, but the platinum program is available only by invitation.
Pocket Fruity no deposit bonus is not available, and this only increases the need for having reliable ways of making a deposit at this institution. One of the common payment options available is support to cards belonging to Visa, Maestro, MasterCard and Visa debit categories.
A couple of e-payment options are also available. All the payments are secured using 128-bit SSL encryption. A similar range of options are available with regard to withdrawals, which would be processed in a few days depending on the option.
Since Pocket Fruity primarily caters to the United Kingdom, it is able to provide precise customer support timings. The phone, and email options are available from 9 AM to 11 PM. They are available seven days of the week.
While there would be the disappointment of not having a 24 x 7 support, these should be more than sufficient for all queries, as the support is made to fit into the time when most players are active.
Pocket Fruity com is one of the latest entrants in the world of online casino gambling, but it has made a great impact with its wide range of slots, casino games, and even Instant Win games. These are combined with a huge welcome bonus to achieve a powerful entity. However, we recommend you to try Pocket Fruity casino for yourself to know more about the institution and make an informed decision.
Jeremy Phillips
Pocket Fruity has a lot of colorful mobile games that give you new experiences compared to other slots. The quality and source of gaming is very well-made and it encourages players even if they are new. I also love the radiating colors and lively mood of the games because as you spin the reels, you get excited because of the music.
Read also: Slots Heaven Casino review – powered by Playtech
Maurice Castillo
The overall quality and source for gaming at Pocket Fruity is not only the best but also the most encouraging to get involved with, as the general web design has been particularly developed to suit the page perfectly with the radiating colors and useful features.
Read also: Play OJO Review – a Brand-New Casino for a Different Gaming Experience
Ralph Cooper
Pocket fruity is packed with colourful mobile slot games that will deliver fresh experiences compared to most of the other slots that dominate the online casino market. For the most part, they all have eye-catching designs and will draw you in with what they have to offer.
Read also: Winning Room Casino Review
Catrina Ceasar
With some great games and a friendly range of promotions, there's plenty for pocket slots fans to sink their teeth into. Jackpot games would have been a welcome addition but the selection of 3D games is decent nonetheless.
Read also: Kerching Casino Review That Teaches All You Should Know
Chandlerman
Of all the online casino games I have played, this one is the most reliable. With bonuses, it's quite easy to win your deposit back, and I have never had any withdrawal problems here.
Read also: A detailed review for Poketwin casino - one of the best gambling places
AurelioCrowson
Pocket Fruity is a great casino site to play slots online. The main focus is on slots, although there are also table games such as Blackjack and Roulette, plus a handful of video poker games.


text:
package com.intellij.execution.testDiscovery.indices;

import com.intellij.openapi.progress.ProgressManager;
import com.intellij.util.indexing.DataIndexer;
import com.intellij.util.indexing.IndexExtension;
import com.intellij.util.indexing.IndexId;
import com.intellij.util.indexing.impl.KeyCollectionBasedForwardIndex;
import com.intellij.util.indexing.impl.MapIndexStorage;
import com.intellij.util.indexing.impl.MapReduceIndex;
import com.intellij.util.indexing.impl.forward.KeyCollectionForwardIndexAccessor;
import com.intellij.util.indexing.impl.forward.PersistentMapBasedForwardIndex;
import com.intellij.util.io.*;
import gnu.trove.TIntArrayList;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collection;

public class DiscoveredTestsIndex extends MapReduceIndex<Integer, TIntArrayList, UsedSources> {
  protected DiscoveredTestsIndex(@NotNull File file) throws IOException {
    super(INDEX_EXTENSION,
          new MyIndexStorage(file),
          new PersistentMapBasedForwardIndex(new File(file, "forward.idx")),
          new KeyCollectionForwardIndexAccessor<>(new IntCollectionDataExternalizer()));
  }

  @Override
  public void checkCanceled() {
    ProgressManager.checkCanceled();
  }

  @Override
  protected void requestRebuild(@NotNull Throwable e) {
    //TODO index corrupted
  }

  public boolean containsDataFrom(int testId) throws IOException {
    return getForwardIndexMap().get(testId) != null;
  }

  private static class MyIndexStorage extends MapIndexStorage<Integer, TIntArrayList> {
    protected MyIndexStorage(@NotNull File storageFile) throws IOException {
      super(storageFile, EnumeratorIntegerDescriptor.INSTANCE, IntArrayExternalizer.INSTANCE, 4 * 1024, false);
    }

    @Override
    protected void checkCanceled() {
      ProgressManager.checkCanceled();
    }
  }

  private static final IndexExtension<Integer, TIntArrayList, UsedSources> INDEX_EXTENSION = new IndexExtension<Integer, TIntArrayList, UsedSources>() {
    @NotNull
    @Override
    public IndexId<Integer, TIntArrayList> getName() {
      return IndexId.create("jvm.discovered.tests");
    }

    @NotNull
    @Override
    public DataIndexer<Integer, TIntArrayList, UsedSources> getIndexer() {return inputData -> inputData.myUsedMethods;}

    @NotNull
    @Override
    public KeyDescriptor<Integer> getKeyDescriptor() {
      return EnumeratorIntegerDescriptor.INSTANCE;
    }

    @NotNull
    @Override
    public DataExternalizer<TIntArrayList> getValueExternalizer() {
      return IntArrayExternalizer.INSTANCE;
    }

    @Override
    public int getVersion() {
      return DiscoveredTestDataHolder.VERSION;
    }
  };
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Editorial Category - Charity
BT Contact Centres Support Children In Need
TOPICS:BTCall CentreCharityChildren in NeedContact Centre
BT is once again proud to be a partner for Children In Need. BT have supported the charity since it formed in 1980, and this year BT's contact centre volunteers will be taking to the phone lines as the telethon takes place this Friday 13th November.
More than 700 contact centre agents will be in their contact centres all over the country to take donations from the members of the public – to include the iconic BT Tower.
In addition BT are very much involved for online donations. BT MyDonate is the chosen fundraising platform for Children In Need this year, as well as providing the online donation form throughout the campaign and the telethon technology on the night.
With BT's support of Children in Need, last year
· Support from BT helped Children In Need raise a staggering £49.1 million, more than the previous year
· About 700 BT volunteers in Glasgow, Warrington, Lincoln, Newcastle and the BT Tower contact centre agents have answered thousands of calls throughout the event
· BT's MyDonate platform handled 209,000 calls during the live show and more than £8 million in credit card donations were processed
· At its peak, the platform managed 68 calls per second
· The fundraising efforts of BT employees across the UK resulted in at least £55,000 being added to the final total
For additional information visit the BT Website or to make a donation to BBC's Children In Need visit their dedicated Pudsey Website
The BBC Children in Need Appeal is a charity registered in England and Wales (802052) and Scotland (SC039557) whose aim is to make a positive change to the lives of disadvantaged children and young people across the UK.
BBC Children in Need's vision is that every child in the UK has a safe, happy and secure childhood and the chance to reach their potential. Children in Need will realise this vision by supporting, promoting and publicising work that addresses the challenges that children and young people face and work that builds their skills and resilience.
Children in Need are currently supporting c.2,500 projects that are working with children facing a range of disadvantages for example, poverty and deprivation; children who have been the victims of abuse or neglect or disabled young people.
For additional information visit the BBC Children in Need Website
Be the first to comment on "BT Contact Centres Support Children In Need"


Do you ever stop and think that your Farming experience could use something new? Well look no further than the Object mod section – here we have outstanding selection of our finest object mods. Whether it is a fence, a bridge or a shelter – if you name it, we've got it. Just click download and enjoy your fine selection.