Ven. Sogan Rinpoche and Yeshe Gyaltsen are working to create a single volume containing the complete teachings of Longchenpa in traditional Tibetan book format (pecha).
Longchen Rabjam, Drime Oser, 1308-1364, is one of the most important masters of the Nyingma Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. His extensive writings fill over 20 large volumes and systemize the entire Nyingmapa presentation of the path to enlightenment. His unique focus was that of the Great Perfection, Dzogchen, and he wrote extensively there upon.
Strangely his writings were never gathered into a single collection.
Whilst a student at the Shechen Monastic College, Shedra, the young Yeshe Gyaltsen, pondered this and resolved to make the collection available as a complete, uniform collection; The collected writings of Longchenpa.
In 2009 an edition of Longchenpas writings was prepared and published in Tibet. This edition whilst not perfect was complete. However it was produced in western book format. Whilst this format isn't a problem for reading said, when it comes to the rituals for imparting the Dzogchen empowerments of the Nyingtik Ya Shi, the Four-part Heart Essence, western book format is all but redundant; these ritual practices require the traditional Tibetan book presentation.
Yeshe Gyaltsen, now a Khenpo and senior tutor to the incarnation of his master, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, once again resolved to not only make available a faultless edition of the writings, but to have it made in traditional Tibetan book format; pecha. This would, he felt, support the transmission of Longchen Rabjampas writings in it entirety.
To this end the computer input of the volumes was acquired and then came the monumental task of editing the volumes. Khenpo Yeshe Gyaltsen Rinpoche and Ven. Sogan Rinpoche, Pema Lodro, are both fully committed to the editing of these volumes, and are presently engaged in this huge undertaking.
It is hoped to have the volumes ready for publication in the coming years: initially as a complete collection, The Collected Writings of Longchenpa, in Tibetan pecha format, in line with the intention and aspiration of Khenpo Rinpoche, and then to release some of them as single volumes, for students and practioners, as well as digital e-books, for free download.
Thereafter it is the wish of both Khenpo Yeshe Gyaltsen Rinpoche and Ven. Sogan Rinpoche, Pema Lodro, to request Kyabje Shechen Rabjam Rinpoche to pass on the transmission (of empowerment, reading transmission, and teaching) he has from Kyabje Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, of the works of Longchenpa in their entirety.


I didn't have high expectations for the city tour because I was there to see the island resort. Nonetheless, it exceeded my expectations (and budget) because I immensely enjoyed my glimpse of Legazpi and Daraga.
It rained when we arrived in Legazpi City and I was worried we wouldn't enjoy the city tour. Together with the other guests, we were welcomed on the tour by our guide Carl upon our arrival. Our first stop was Ligñon Hill – the highest point in the city.
I unexpectedly spent a lot on pasalubongs here at Cagsawa. We only had a few minutes so it was an "Amazing Race" kind of shopping trip.
A little something to remind me of my visit to the spicy province. They have different kinds and sizes of the chili.
I always buy a souvenir shirt because my Dad loves them. He's acquired a massive collection from my travels already. That being said, I've seen my fair share of souvenir shirts and these ones were a steal. The material of the shirt was made of thick cotton and the print is rubberized, it even sparkles! Shirts like these in other places would go for at least P300.
There are a lot of different bags at Cagsawa but I found this stall at the rightmost side (if the ruins are behind you) that sold bags with great quality and design. His designs were more my style and creative compared to the other sellers. Most of the bags only have 1 stock per design so if you see something you love, grab it. The seller didn't have a calling card so I gave him my number but he never got in touch with me. Sayang!
I wanted to explore more; the stalls were filled with various abaca products. I wasn't even able to check out the home ware section. Berenice scored this hamper for less than P300 while Danix picked up a couple of placemats and coasters.
You saw how intensely blue the sky was which indicates how hot the weather was. Misibis gave us an endless supply of cold water. Yeahba.
Half of the members of our tour group came from one family. This family did some research about Legazpi and wanted to try some of the goodies the city had to offer. The family asked the rest of us if it was okay for us to stop in these places, which weren't out of the way, and we all agreed.
Our first side trip was at DJC Halo-halo for well, halo-halo. It was perfect for the sticky afternoon and it was worth the visit. It tasted more like mais con yelo but we still loved it.
The family also researched about 1st Colonial Grill that served unique ice cream flavors. Did you just say ice cream? Oh yeah, I'm there. How unique were they? We had Sili (Chili), Pili, Malunggay (Moringga) and Tinustang Bigas (Toasted Rice) Ice Cream.
It smelled and tasted like a plant. It's not my favorite but it was something unique.
For people with a craving for something sweet, try the Pili Ice Cream. This will seem like an odd description but this is how it tasted – cold pastillas de leche but powdered. The texture through me off but the taste was my liking.
It tastes exactly like how it sounds but a pinch sweeter. For those wanting to stay away or cannot eat chocolate, this is a good alternative.
This was an experience all together. It tasted a bit like sweet and delicious cheese pimento. When you have a spoonful of the ice cream, you immediately taste and feel the heat of the chili. For people who can't take extremely spicy food like me, don't fret; as the Sili Ice Cream goes down your tummy the spiciness subsides.
The last stop of our side trip was this bakery selling Malunggay pandesal. The family mentioned above bought all the pandesal available (less than 20 pieces) and shared it with our group.
The tour normally last for 3 hours but with all our side trips and relatively slower pace, we did it in 6 hours! Haha I am thankful to the family that was proactive in researching since the foodie finds were a highlight for me. I love that Misibis is exposing its guests to the wonders of Bicol, not just the island.
The half day city tour was a splendid encounter. This glimpse of Legazpi and Daraga meant one thing; I need to go back to Bicol to visit these places not as a side trip but as the main destination. I left my shopping heart in Cagsawa, I wasn't prepared to fall in love with a lot of items. If you're visiting Misbis or Legazpi City prepare your senses for a treat. Let your eyes marvel at the beauty of the province, fill your tummy with unusual bits and feel the artistry of the province's famous byproduct – abaca.
Coming up, let's go back to Misibis.
Check out other hotel options for Legazpi City here.
Hello Rica, glad you like Bicol, the land of ultimate adventure:) If you're looking for more cute native bags, you can visit our fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/TalulaBellHandmadeCrafts. You might like some of the cute native bags posted. Thank you.


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Rod Stewart ends bitter feud with pal Elton John to 'set example for his kids'
'WandaVision': Those Weird Fake Commercials Are Gonna Be Important
Zac Hanson Expecting Fifth Child With Wife Kathryn!
Bachelor's Lauren Burnham Laughs Off Arie Luyendyk Jr. Split Rumor
Best TV News
Home » Movies » 'Twilight': Robert Pattinson Once Started a Gross Rumor About Deleted Sex Scenes
'Twilight': Robert Pattinson Once Started a Gross Rumor About Deleted Sex Scenes
12/15/2020 Movies
Though it's been years since Robert Pattinson played brooding vampire, Edward Cullen, his role in the Twilight cast was truly a defining moment in his career. Though Pattinson had a few things on his resume prior to starring in Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, Breaking Dawn – Part 1, and Breaking Dawn – Part 2, the global attention he got from playing Edward was unmatched.
Though Pattison received a fair amount of fame from being cast as Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, nothing could have prepared him for the obsession that Twilight fans had for him. In fact, even Daniel Radcliffe (who played Harry Potter) confessed that he felt Pattinson had a more challenging experience with fame than he did. Considering the massive built-in fan base that Twilight had thanks to its readers, fans' obsession with Pattinson was all but guaranteed. But when he and his co-star, Kristen Stewart, started dating in real-life, the obsession reached a fever pitch.
Robert Pattinson debunked claims that he dated Kristen Stewart for the publicity
While some fans were thrilled about Pattinson and Stewart dating, other Twilight fans were skeptical. In fact, some media outlets suggested that the pair were only pretending to date for publicity and to drum up interest for the movies. But just how did Pattinson react to those claims? Back in 2012, Pattison spoke with the Washington Post and put those rumors to bed.
"For one thing, it would be a terrible marketing tool, and it's not utilized very well at all," Pattinson shared when asked if he was simply dating his Twilight cast member for marketing purposes. "People will say anything. I'm still amazed that people even believe anything [that's said about us]. I mean, it's one of the craziest things about the whole situation, where you can see the whole — is paradigm the right word? — of celebrity gossip, celebrity culture type stuff that's literally entirely made up."
The 'Twilight' cast member started a rumor about deleted sex scenes in 'Breaking Dawn – Part 1'
Pattinson continued on to admit that he'd come to understand how fame and news outlets worked and, much to his chagrin, he wasn't able to get news outlets to print anything differently. "There's a storyline," the Twilight alum shared. "You have a set character and your storyline is written for you. And it doesn't matter what you do. I talked to Reese Witherspoon about it a while ago, and she was the person who really told me, you get given a character. I mean, I've literally tried to do things to throw people off, and it just doesn't get printed."
One thing, in particular, that Pattinson did to try to throw people off was make up rumors about scenes in the Twilight movies. One of his most ridiculous rumors was that there were deleted scat sex scenes in Breaking Dawn – Part 1. "I was doing things like saying there were scat scenes in the first part of Breaking Dawn, Pattinson confessed. "And they didn't fit into any of their stories. It just wasn't printed anywhere. If you make a storyline for yourself that's not going to fit into the prescribed model, it just will not happen."
Why didn't Pattinson's rumor about 'Twilight' get printed?
While we can appreciate Pattinson trying to pull one over on the media, we can see why the rumor about the deleted scat sex scenes was never picked up. One would only need to look at the PG-13 ratings for the Twilight movies to see that those types of scenes likely wouldn't be allowed to be filmed in the first place. However, we can't blame Pattinson for trying.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Miss Maddie Claire is six months old! I was thrilled when her mama scheduled her to come back to the studio. She was the sweetest little newborn and now she's a smiley baby! She was full of grins for me, and her mama said that wasn't half of the smiles she gives to her parents. How blessed are they?!
My favorite thing to do with returning clients is to put them in the same props I had them in as newborns. I love comparing the images side by side!
Grow baby grow, I'll see you at One (if not sooner) !


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Digital Release: PC
March 23, 2011 (PC, Steam)
March 23, 2011 (US)
September 4, 2012 (AU, EU)
March 22, 2011 (AU, EU, US)
Delisting: Steam
(Available for: 5y 10m)
Developer: Behavior Studios
Publisher: Atari
Available On: PC (Atari, Amazon), PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
Links: SteamDB page
Steam Community page
Ghostbusters: Sanctum of Slime was delisted from Steam on February 6th, 2017 in the US, Europe, Australia, and Japan. It remains available to download on PC from both Atari and Amazon as well as PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 as of July 2017.
Similar to Ghostbusters: The Video Game, the developer of Sanctum of Slime is also defunct but the cause for the Steam delisting is most likely due to the Ghostbusters license. The game was available for nearly six years and was likely renewed at least once in that time. With Atari continuing to change directions from console games to PC early access to mobile and now to hardware and licensed goods, it's probable that they chose not to renew again. The remaining digital editions (including the Steam page for the game's DLC) will presumably be delisted as well before the end of 2017.
"Strap on your proton packs for an all-new Ghostbusting adventure! Ectoplasmic threats are spawning all over New York, and only you and your team of rookie Ghostbusters can stop them. Choose from 4 new playable characters. Hop in the all-new ECTO-4WD and blast your foes with a medley of destructive weapons. Battle against the hordes of evil entities alone or with a team of friends through local or online multiplayer co-op. Show them you ain't afraid of no ghosts!"
Thanks to SHROOMY for submitting this information to the site.
Last Updated: July 9, 2017 by ShawnS
Delisted On: Steam
Companies: Atari, Behavior Studios
Latest Ghostbusters Game Already Primed for Delisting?


The after-failure mode determines how a property behaves after it has been falsified. It can be set in Property.afterFailure() for any property method; default is PREVIOUS_SEED.
Use the previous random seed that already detected a failure.
Run the property with just the previous falsified and shrunk sample first, if that succeeds run property default behaviour, i.e. data-driven or random seed.
Run the property with just the previous falsified and shrunk sample.
Run the property with just the previous falsified and shrunk sample. Only works if sample data could be serialized. Will use previous seed otherwise.
Run the property with just the previous falsified and shrunk sample first, if that succeeds run property default behaviour, i.e. data-driven or random seed. Only works if sample data could be serialized. Will use previous seed otherwise.


text:
Djohong è un comune del Camerun, che fa parte del dipartimento di Mbéré nella regione di Adamaoua.

Note

Comuni della regione di Adamaoua

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ivan Declercq is een Belgisch journalist.

Levensloop
Declercq ging in 1974 freelance aan de slag bij het dagblad Het Volk en het weekblad Spectator. Vanaf januari 1980 was hij journalist in vaste dienst bij diverse Vlaamse en Nederlandse kranten en tijdschriften, waaronder Brabants Nieuwsblad/De Stem, 24 uur, Panorama, Gazet van Antwerpen, Trends, Knack, Het Nieuwsblad en Tertio.

Van september 2005 tot maart 2018 was Declercq adviseur voor de Vlaamse Vereniging van Journalisten (VVJ). Hij was tevens lid van de Freelance Expert Group van de Europese Federatie van Journalisten. Hij adviseert voornamelijk freelancejournalisten.

Sins 2008 is Ivan Declercq gastdocent journalistiek bij diverse hogescholen in Vlaanderen en Brussel.

Bibliografie
 Een hoed op het veld (1996)
 Vademecum voor zelfstandige journalisten; i.s.m. Pol Deltour (2010)

Vlaams journalist


This bustling city hotel has been proven as the ideal place for citywide conventions, but can equally appeal to leisure guests. The property also features Toronto's largest year-round pool, a 24-hour fitness centre, business centre, spa and two levels of shops, services, restaurants, and lounges. (01/08:JB) There are 1377 guest rooms and suites that are spacious and decorated with traditional chairs and dark coloured furniture. The rooms offer great panoramic views of Toronto to the north and south and feature:... Read more cable television, in-room movies, wake-up service, ironing board and iron, data port line, dual-line telephone, high speed Internet access (fee), radio/alarm clock, voicemail, 24-hour room service, coffee maker, oversized, mahogany desk, ergonomic desk chair, and individual climate control. The bathroom features Carrera marble vanity, curved shower rod, hair dryer and deluxe bath amenities.
This bustling city hotel has been proven as the ideal place for citywide conventions, but can equally appeal to leisure guests. The property also features Toronto's largest year-round pool, a 24-hour fitness centre, business centre, spa and two levels of shops, services, restaurants, and lounges. (01/08:JB) There are 1377 guest rooms and suites that are spacious and decorated with traditional chairs and dark coloured furniture. The rooms offer great panoramic views of Toronto to the north and south and feature: cable television, in-room movies, wake-up service, ironing board and iron, data port line, dual-line telephone, high speed Internet access (fee), radio/alarm clock, voicemail, 24-hour room service, coffee maker, oversized, mahogany desk, ergonomic desk chair, and individual climate control. The bathroom features Carrera marble vanity, curved shower rod, hair dryer and deluxe bath amenities. The hotel has four dining/lounge options. The award-winning bistro also offers breakfast, lunch, and dinner in a stylish upscale setting. The hotel is a multi-story, ultra-modern skyscraper. The atrium lobby is large and accompanied by a 2-acre garden with a 2-storey waterfall and summer terrace. There are numerous choices for seating and private conversations.


This floating top water lure delivers a popping, splashing, skittering action to draw reaction strikes from predators. Large weight transfers balls provide longer, tumble free casts. Tough, colorful finishes with life like 3-D eyesimitate prey species. Extra sharp Mustad 3X Extra Strong Treble Hooks asssure faster hook sets. Heavy duty stainless steel split rings, bubble generating ports, and superior construction guarantee more dynamic fishing. Top water splashing action creates a stir predators have to investigate! Specially designed ports create a fish attracting bubble trail.
Creek Chub 3/4oz Striper Strike Popper 3-1/2"


text:
//
//  AEPlaythroughChannel.h
//  TheAmazingAudioEngine
//
//  Created by Michael Tyson on 21/04/2012.
//
//  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
//  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
//  arising from the use of this software.
//
//  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
//  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
//  freely, subject to the following restrictions:
//
//  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
//     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
//     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
//     appreciated but is not required.
//
//  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
//     misrepresented as being the original software.
//
//  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
//

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TheAmazingAudioEngine.h"

/*!
 * Playthrough channel, used for live monitoring of input
 */
@interface AEPlaythroughChannel : NSObject <AEAudioPlayable, AEAudioReceiver>

/*!
 * Initialise
 *
 * @param audioController The Audio Controller
 */
- (id)initWithAudioController:(AEAudioController*)audioController;

@property (nonatomic, assign) float volume;
@property (nonatomic, assign) float pan;
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL channelIsMuted;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) AudioStreamBasicDescription audioDescription;
@end

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As part of their Contemporary Art Evening Auction on 16 May, Sotheby's New York will offer David Hockney's Pacific Coast Highway and Santa Monica (1990). Critics believe that this late addition to the sale will fetch a record-breaking price, with estimates reaching £22 million ($30 million).
The large-scale painting is a landscape that was inspired by Hockney's daily drive to his studio in Los Angeles. The scene of rolling hills and mountainous slopes were supposedly painted from memory. Hues of chartreuse, tangerine, rose, lavender and cerulean are sprawled across its 10-foot wide canvas, adding depth and intrigue to the piece. The painting epitomises the artist's bold use of colour—a characteristic that has long defined Hockney's oeuvre.
Pacific Coast Highway and Santa Monica is one of a limited group of California landscape paintings by the artist, created during a significant period of his 60-year long career. Today, Hockney is still considered one of the most influential artists of the 20th Century—being a large contributor to the Pop Art movement.
Sotheby's will offer David Hockney's Pacific Coast Highway and Santa Monica during their Contemporary Art Evening Auction in New York, 16 May.


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Icahn Enterprises L.P. is an American conglomerate headquartered at Milton Tower in Sunny Isles Beach, Florida. The company has investments in various industries including energy, automotive, food packaging, metals, real estate and home fashion. The company is controlled by Carl Icahn, who owns 88% of it.

History
The company was incorporated on February 17, 1987.

In 2006, the company sold the Sands Atlantic City hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey and several of the adjacent lots for $274.8 million to Pinnacle Entertainment.

In April 2007, the company sold its American Casino & Entertainment Properties to an affiliate of Goldman Sachs, for $1.3 billion. In September 2007, American Real Estate Partners, another entity controlled by Icahn, merged with the firm and changed its name to Icahn Enterprises L.P.

In 2008, the company acquired PSC Metals for $335 million.

In February 2016, Icahn Enterprises purchased Trump Entertainment Resorts, which owned the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City. The company sold the casino to the owners of Hard Rock Cafe for $50 million in May 2017 - which represented a recuperation of just 4 cents on the dollar. Also in February 2016, the company acquired Pep Boys.

In January 2017, the company acquired Federal-Mogul.  In June 2017, the company acquired Precision Auto Care, a chain of over 250 vehicle repair shops. In August 2017, the company sold the property formerly known as the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas for $600 million. The company had acquired the property in 2010 for $148 million. In October 2017, the company acquired American Driveline Systems. The company had 89,034 employees as of 2017.

In October 2020,  Carl Icahn announced his son Brett would succeed him as chairman of Icahn Enterprises and CEO of its investment subsidiary Icahn Capital LP.

In November 2020, Icahn Enterprises reported third quarter losses of $714 million, compared to a loss of $49 million the same quarter the previous year.

On January 31, 2023, one of its subsidiaries, Auto Plus, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Investments
The company owns the following:

 Pep Boys
 CVR - petroleum refining and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing
 American Railcar Industries
 PSC Metals
 Ferrous Resources (77.2%) - owns mining rights in Brazil
 Viskase (74.6%) - produces cellulosic, fibrous and plastic casings for the processed meat and poultry industry.
 Bayswater Development - a real estate development company operating in Vero Beach, Florida and New Seabury, Massachusetts
 WestPoint Home - bed and bath fashion productions
Vivus - pharma

References

External links

Conglomerate companies of the United States
Holding companies of the United States
Publicly traded companies based in New York City
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
American companies established in 1987
Holding companies established in 1987
1987 establishments in New York (state)
Conglomerate companies established in 1987
Companies based in Miami-Dade County, Florida


Witnesses blamed the traffic control agency for causing the accident, saying it wouldn't have happened if they had not pursued the driver to the path of the oncoming vehicle.
One person has died and eight more are injured as a result of an accident caused by a commercial bus driver trying to evade arrest by officials of the Lagos State Traffic Management Authority (LASTMA)on the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway.
The scene of the accident was just opposite the spot of the petrol tanker explosion of Thursday.
The LASTMA officers were on their way out of the scene of the tanker explosion when they spotted the bus driver, driving against the traffic. When they moved to apprehend him, the 'Danfo' driver tried to evade them by swerving to the other side of the road bit ended up only colliding with another bus.
The pick-up vehicle conveying the LASTMA officers hurriedly left the scene, while one of the LASTMA officials ran into a near-by bush to escape from the people who had rushed to the scene.
Officals of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) were at the scene of the tanker explosion to take the injured to the hospital, but one died on the spot.
The driver of the other vehicle said he was coming from Akure and his journey had been good before the accident.


text:
Ginkgo Improves Outcomes in Patients following Acute Ischemic Stroke
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Oskouei DS, Rikhtegar R, Hashemilar M, et al. The effect of Ginkgo biloba on functional outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. November 2013;22(8):e557-e563.
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) accounts for 88% of stroke events. During AIS, neurons die in part due to oxidative stress. Preclinical studies show that ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) provides neuroprotection. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effect of ginkgo in the management of AIS. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to assess the effect of ginkgo on functional outcomes of patients with AIS.
Consecutive patients (n = 102) with AIS involving the anterior cerebral circulation, who were ≥ 45 years old, and admitted to Tabriz Imam Reza and Razi Hospitals, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, between January 2009 and September 2011 were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: anticoagulant therapy; patients with chronic kidney, hepatic, and hematologic diseases; pregnant or lactating women; and having a profound loss of consciousness (i.e., stupor and coma). Only patients with involvement of the anterior circulation were included, because patients with posterior circulation insufficiency receive anticoagulation agents which should not be used simultaneously with ginkgo. For 4 months, patients received either placebo or 120 mg/day ginkgo (Gol-Darou Company; Isfahan, Iran). The clinical severity and functional ability of patients were assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The primary outcome measure was a 50% reduction in the 4-month NIHSS score compared with baseline. Blood was drawn to measure fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and partial thromboplastin time at admission.
There were no significant differences between age and sex distribution or for any of the biochemical or hematological parameters. Both treatment groups had a similar mean difference in NIHSS score between baseline and 4-month follow-up, and between baseline and hospital discharge. A total of 58.6% of ginkgo-treated patients had a 50% improvement in outcomes, statistically significant compared with 18.5% of placebo-treated patients (P < 0.05). A total of 81.6% of ginkgo-treated patients had ≥ 1 stage improvement in stroke severity (i.e., from moderate to mild), and 68.8% of placebo-treated patients had ≥ 1 stage improvement in stroke severity, a difference that was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When adjusting for age and gender, there was a significant improvement in NIHSS scores in the ginkgo group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). Adverse events were not reported.
The authors conclude that ginkgo can improve functional recovery in patients with AIS, and ginkgo may be providing neuroprotection. The authors state that ginkgo should be recommended after AIS; although they acknowledge that additional research is needed to confirm the findings. Of note, a higher daily dose (e.g., 240 mg) might be more effective, as in the treatment of cognitive impairment and dementia. Treatment for patients with AIS is limited because most pharmaceuticals must be administered as soon as possible for the most robust effect. The authors did not discuss the data in relation to when treatment was initiated. It would be interesting and of medical value to determine whether ginkgo was effective after a delay in seeking treatment. An important limitation of the study is that the authors did not discuss time of treatment initiation. For the placebo group to be a true control, both groups would need to have a similar time of treatment initiation. In addition, aside from noting the manufacturer that produced the 40 mg ginkgo tablets, the preparation was not characterized regarding its processing or content.
Peer Review Comment:
There are some quality of reporting issues with this paper. It is not stated who carried out the randomization procedure, whether the analysis was per protocol or intention-to-treat, or if any check on blinding was carried out at the end of the study (i.e., asking patients if they thought they had received placebo or verum). The authors could have used the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) herbal guidelines as a basis for reporting details of the herbal intervention as well as the standard CONSORT statement for reporting of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) in general. It is quite remarkable that this paper does not discuss monitoring of, or provide any data on, adverse events. Since the authors state that "G. biloba is recommended after AIS," some consideration of safety aspects, including any potential for interactions with conventional medicines used, should have been included.
A related point about quality of reporting of this trial with respect to the "herbal" elements is that ginkgo is frequently misspelt in the paper (as Gingko), including in the keywords.


LABOUR leader Jeremy Corbyn took centre stage at the TUC annual conference in Brighton on Tuesday to make his first speech there as Labour leader — and was welcomed "as a breath of fresh air" by the hundreds of trade union delegates present.
He made a broad-ranging speech covering many topics but uppermost in his thoughts — and those of the delegates — was the Tory Government's Trade Union Bill.
And he promised that if elected to government in 2020, Labour would repeal this Bill and replace it with a workers' rights agenda.
TENS OF thousands of people last Saturday marched through central London to call on the Government to do more to help refugees. It coincided with similar marches in other European capitals on the same day.
The event was supported by the Refugee Council, Amnesty International, the Syria Solidarity Movement, Stand Up to Racism and the Stop the War Coalition.
Marchers called on the Government to accept a lot more refugees into Britain than the 20,000 he has pledged to accept — over the next five years. Most western European countries are accepting far more than this and many feel ashamed that Britain is not taking its share of the influx — especially when British foreign policy is one of the main causes of the refugee crisis.
Marchers were also demanding an end to British and Nato interference, invasions, bombings and drone strikes against those countries in the Middle East and north Africa where most of the refugees are coming from — fleeing because the attacks have made their homes unsafe to live in.
JUST a few months ago people were telling us that the Labour Party was a part of the capitalist state machinery and its right-wing leadership so firmly entrenched it could never be reclaimed by the left-wing of the party — which was now a dwindling band of MPs who would soon be gone — and the best thing the working class could do was to quit Labour and try to build another new labour and trade union movement.
But The New Communist Party is a Marxist-Leninist Party and we knew that the structure of this party, created by the trade unions, was tied to the working class and that, in the right circumstances, it could once again become an instrument of the working class in the struggle against capitalist exploitation, warmongering and greed. Even so, we were as surprised as most people that the change in the nature of that party's leadership happened so quickly.
Dialectical processes are like that, a long slow build-up of pressure that can go unnoticed until a tipping point is reached. That build-up of a steady fall in the values of wages, fall in living standards, the withdrawal of state welfare safety nets and the increase in state oppression had been happening for decades.
Activists could see it in the growing street protests against austerity — that were always under-reported if reported at all by the media. But there was no indication of just how big the swelling class anger was growing. The right-wing Labour leadership ignored it while the media treated all protest as the impotent actions of a tiny lunatic fringe outside of normal society.


The "Red Alert" incoming rocket siren was heard shortly before midnight on Monday night in the Shaar Hanegev and Sdot Negev Regional Councils of southern Israel.
Initial reports said a rocket fired from Gaza exploded in an open area in southern Israel, but the IDF said that it thus far has been unable to determine whether any rockets had been fired towards Israeli territory.
"So far, no findings have been located on the ground and no data has been found indicating an explosion. Our forces are continuing their searches and are looking into the data," the IDF Spokesperson's Unit said.
No physical injuries or damages were reported. Security forces are searching the area.
In one attack, Gaza terrorists fired three rockets towards southern Israel in the middle of an event marking the 24th birthday of kidnapped and murdered IDF soldier Oron Shaul, whose body has been held by Hamas since the 2014 Operation Protective Edge. The event was attended by Israeli Knesset members.


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text:
'NCIS' season 11 spoilers: '24' vet joins Cote de Pablo's send-off
24, CBS, NCIS	 August 6, 2013
As you may remember from some of the press releases CBS sent out previously, we are going to see the last of Cote de Pablo's Ziva David during an emotional "NCIS" that will air a week after the premiere on Tuesday, October 1. The story surrounding this exit is and will remain very close to the vest, largely because the last thing producers want to do is clue anyone in to how Cote is going to be saying goodbye to a show that she called home for years.
So for now, we'll just have to settle for some casting news. TVLine is reporting that "24" actress Leslie Hope is going to appear in this episode as Sarah Porter, known for being a high-ranking Navy official, in the goodbye episode entitled "Past, Present, Future." While there may not be much more in the way of concrete information about the character, executive producer Gary Glasberg did have the following to say according to the website:
"[This is] one that has tremendous importance in the NCIS world. I can't think of anyone I'd rather have joining us at this pivotal time than Leslie. We're thrilled to have her."
This is not exactly what you have a tendency to hear when you are talking about actors who are sticking around for only an episode, and it may be best symbolic of just how much "NCIS" is valuing this episode in terms of their overall canon. For those of you who are desperate to see Cote given a worthy send-off, we cannot imagine how you would be anything other than thrilled by this news.
Are you down for having a little bit of Hope on this show? We've got plenty more on both "NCIS" and the future of Cote, and all you have to do to check it out is head on over to the link here.
Photo: CBS
Love TV? Be sure to like CarterMatt on Facebook for more updates!


text:
Q: MSVC 2017 - Bug - How to declare template member function of template class X as friend of nested class X::Y I am trying to get a cmake C++ project that compiles and runs with GCC to compile with MSVC. I am using VS 2017.
I'm not the author of the code I'm just tasked with making it compile with MSVC.
The project is large so I am unsure how  can present a MCVE. However, I will try to explain as best as I can here:
I am getting this error:
Which correspinds to the friend declaration in the below sibling_iterator class.
However, leftmost_output() is a member of node.
The definition of node is appended below (see about 3/4 of the way down):
I'm pretty sure this is related to the bug in VS related to nested template classes as sibling_iterator and node are nested in a another template class.
My question is how could I make the whole node class a friend instead of specifying  a specific member function? This might work failing at any other suggestions are most welcome.

A: Smallest reproducible code is:
#include <map>
template <class T, class T2>
struct relative_iterator : T {};

struct edge : public std::map<int, int>::iterator {};
using T_edge = edge;

class node {
public:

    template <class T_iterable, class T_content>
    class sibling_iterator : public relative_iterator<T_iterable, T_content>
    {
    public:
        friend sibling_iterator<edge, T_edge>  node::leftmost_output();
    //..
    };

    static sibling_iterator<edge, T_edge> leftmost_output();  // <--move up
} ;

There are two ways to combat this:
Option 1
Move the definition of leftmost_output() above class sibling_iterator
Option 2
Make node a dependent name. If there is an alias to name which is dependent on T_iterable, then its lookup will be delayed to the time when class sibling_iterator<T_iterable, T_contents> is instantiated. The simplest way is to use standard utilities in the standard:
class sibling_iterator : public relative_iterator<T_iterable, T_content>
{
public:
    static constexpr bool dependent_true = std::is_same<T_iterable,T_iterable>::value;
    using dependent_node = typename std::enable_if<dependent_true, node>::type;
    friend sibling_iterator<edge, T_edge>  dependent_node::leftmost_output();
};

Option 2.5
But, if you prefer to define your own solution, you can define a dependet_type<T, Dependent> helper:
template <class T, class Dependent>
struct dependent_type
{
    using type = T;
};
template <class T, class Dependent>
using dependent_type_t = typename dependent_type<T, Dependent>::type;

And use it:
template <class T_iterable, class T_content>
class sibling_iterator : public relative_iterator<T_iterable, T_content>
{
public:
    using dependent_node = typename dependent_type<node, T_iterable>::type;
    friend sibling_iterator<edge, T_edge>  dependent_node::leftmost_output();
//..
};

I think that this is the best alternative, since it requires less changes to the existing code-base.
Option 2.5.5
I would have written a shorter variant:
friend sibling_iterator<edge, T_edge> dependent_type_t<node, T_iterable>::leftmost_output()

This looks perfect, since it requires minimal changes to the source code. I would have written it, had it not made the compiler crash:
fatal error C1001: An internal error has occurred in the compiler.
(compiler file 'msc1.cpp', line 1469)

A:
I am getting this error:
error C2039: 'leftmost_output': is not a member of 'mv::graph::node'
[...]
However, leftmost_output() is a member of node.
The definition of node is appended below (see about 3/4 of the way
  down):

Apparently, the VC compiler doesn't find the definition of node, as it refers to something in a different scope. Try moving the friend declarations below the definition of the nested node class.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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If you think you're up on the latest wellness trends because you do yoga once a week and once had a turmeric latte, then grab a pen and paper. Pinterest has analysed extensive data of image sharing and search, to predict all things wellness in 2018.
This has been searched a 251% more than before, and users are using boards to research gut-friendly recipes. Digestion health is important for both your physical and mental wellbeing.
A whopping 415% increase in people searching "strength training" means that gym goers are finally working out to increase their overall strength, not just size.
People are especially interested in "air purifying plants", and tips on how to clear the air have increased by 270%.
2018 will be the year of ultra luscious hair - with searches for tips up 219%.
Vitamin C is the hot new trend in skincare, and literally *everyone* agrees - the searches have gone up by 3379%. WOAH.
If you're the sort of person who never shakes up their workout, then perhaps 2018 will be the year to try. Pin searches are up by 189%, and it's described as meditation in motion - creating whole body harmony and building strength and flexibility.
Yup, essential oils are just for baths and oil burners; users are searching for recipes to use them in food 689% more. If you're going tot ry, make sure you use oils that are labelled "food grade" to ensure they're safe.
Taking some time out is going to be big in 2018, as searches have already increased by 537%. Now that's a New Year's resolution we can get behind.
This prop is used for stretches, spine massaging, and more complicated postures, and Pinterest saves are up by 72%. Um, we may need to watch a few videos to work this one out.


text:
Steeler's Bleier joins Revs 'Salute to Vets'
Steelers great and veteran Rocky Bleier spoke at the York Revolution's Salute to Vets event on Sunday at PeoplesBank Park.
Steeler's Bleier joins Revs 'Salute to Vets' Steelers great and veteran Rocky Bleier spoke at the York Revolution's Salute to Vets event on Sunday at PeoplesBank Park. Check out this story on ydr.com: https://www.ydr.com/story/sports/baseball/revolution/2017/05/28/steelers-great-bleier-helps-honor-vets-york-revolution/352044001/
For the York Daily Record Published 5:45 p.m. ET May 28, 2017 | Updated 9:40 a.m. ET May 29, 2017
Deb Etheridge, left, of Dover Township, shakes hands with Former Pittsburgh Steelers running back Rocky Bleier, right, while Ron Etheridge looks on, center. Etheridge's son Zach Clouser was killed serving in Iraq in 2007. Bleier visited the York Revolution Sunday to greet fans and tell his story about overcoming getting wounded in Vietnam and going on to help the team win four Super Bowls.(Photo: Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record)Buy Photo
Rocky Bleier's list of accomplishments is impressive.
Among them: U.S. Army veteran, college football national champion, four time Super Bowl champion, Purple Heart recipient, Bronze Star recipient, author, actor and motivational speaker.
Photos: Steelers legend Bleier, a Vietnam vet, visits York Revolution
Dean Emig, of Conewago Township, tries on four Super Bowl rings of former Pittsburgh Steelers running back Rocky Bleier while getting items signed by him. Bleier visited the York Revolution Sunday to greet fan and tell his story about overcoming getting wounded in Vietnam and going on to help the team win four Super Bowls. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
Deb Etheridge, left, of Dover Township, shakes hands with Former Pittsburgh Steelers running back Rocky Bleier, right, while Ron Etheridge looks on, center. Etheridge's son Zach Clouser was killed serving in Iraq in 2007. Bleier visited the York Revolution Sunday to greet fans and tell his story about overcoming getting wounded in Vietnam and going on to help the team win four Super Bowls. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
Anthony Zamichieli, left, age 10,and his sister Lisette, age 6, drove with their family from Hamilton, New Jersey to see former Pittsburgh Steelers running back Rocky Bleier at the York Revolution Sunday. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
Mark Mason, left, York Revolution manager greets Rocky Bleier before the game at the York Revolution Sunday to greet fans and tell his story about overcoming getting wounded in Vietnam and going on to help the team win four Super Bowls. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
The Dallastown JROTC carry the colors before the York Revolution game. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
Rocky Bleier talks to fans in the stadium before a York Revolution game. The former Pittsburgh Steelers running back Rocky Bleier visited the York Revolution Sunday to greet fan and tell his story about overcoming getting wounded in Vietnam and going on to help the team win four Super Bowls. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
Deb, left, and Dan Ethridge, of Dover Township stand during a moment to recognize fallen soldiers before the York Revolution game. Etheridge's son Zach Clouser, was killed serving in Iraq in 2007. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
Deb Ethridge, of Dover Township, has her son Zach Clouser on her shirt. Clouser, was killed serving in Iraq, in 2007. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
Rocky Bleier, at left in the 20 jersey, in the 1970's while he was playing for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Paul Kuehnel, York Daily Record
The former Pittsburgh Steelers running back, who went on to have a fantastic NFL career after being injured in 1969 in the Vietnam War, was part of the York Revolution's Salute to Vets event on Sunday at PeoplesBank Park.
READ: Revs release 2017 schedule
READ: Steelers, Star Wars and Ghostbusters: Five Revs games to catch soon
READ: Revs visit hospital to pitch good cheer
With such an array of experiences in his life, Bleier was asked how he would like to be remembered.
"That he took the time to care. That he took the time to give back to the fan base and public, and was just like one of the guys," Bleier.
Judging by the smiles on the faces of the nearly 100 people, who took part in a meet and greet with Bleier prior to Sunday's Revs game, it was clear Bleier was among friends.
"I think he's an inspiration to a lot of people," Conewago Township's Dean Emig said after having his copy of Bleier's book, Fighting Back: The Rocky Bleier Story, signed. "It's very kind of him to do this. He's seems very modest and just like an ordinary Joe. It was a thrill."
Emig even got to have a picture with Bleier wearing the running back's four Super Bowl championship rings.
"I couldn't believe that he let me do that," Emig said. "There were diamonds in them. That was definitely more than I expected. I thought I would just say hi and have him sign the book. It was quite awesome."
Bleier made it a point to chat with all of the participants at the meet and greet, take photos and sign memorabilia.
Among those who connected with Bleier was Michael Allred of York City, a 25 year Navy veteran.
READ: Revs' league marks 20th year with new logo
READ: Man with selfish past seeks a selfless future
READ: War memorials in York County
"From one veteran to another, its pretty neat to meet him," Allred said. "Meeting a guy who was in combat in Vietnam and got wounded and told he'd never be able to walk again, and then [to] come back and play pro football its a pretty interesting experience that most people never get. He's quite an inspiration and the reason I'm a Steelers fan."
Over the course of his post retirement, Bleier has met countless fans, both regarding his football career and his military service.
It was fitting that on Memorial Day weekend, he was at a sporting event getting a chance to speak about his military service.
"Memorial Day to me takes on a deeper, broader meaning as it is stated its a day of remembrance for those who have served the country and for those who have given the ultimate sacrifice defending this country and giving their lives for our freedoms," Bleier said.
Bleier is concerned that a lot of people take Memorial Day for granted, though.
"To a younger generation that doesn't really understand what that commitment is all about, they read about it, they see it in movies or on television, but they haven't really experienced it.
"11 percent of the population served in World War II over a four year period. 4.5 percent served during Vietnam. Today, it is less than one half of one percent. There is a whole generation out there that doesn't understand the tradition or stories or impact of what Memorial Day is all about," Bleier said.
READ: Local veteran honors fallen officers in viral song
READ: Wounded at war, Army veteran gets new home
READ: Homeless veteran and disabled daughter struggle to survive
While some may not appreciate Memorial Day, for others, its a day filled with great emotion.
"It's also a trigger day for those who survived and are living amongst us. Its their memories of those they fought with and served with that died in the experiences that they had and those memories are refreshed in their minds," Bleier said.
Bleier said he's been fortunate that his NFL career led to an interest in his military service story. He's been honored to tell his story and hopes others that have served tell theirs as well.
"One of the things is that a lot of stories aren't told today. I get a lot of feedback saying grandpa or dad never talked about their experience because they repressed everything. I feel there is a whole generation out there who doesn't understand what a parent or grandparent did; we don't have that with Vietnam. More stories need to be told," Bleier said.
READ: 'Taps' in Glen Rock prompts social media 'firestorm'


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text:
\newpage

# Vocabulari

- **Call**: Els calls o jueries eren les zones habitades antigament per jueus als Països Catalans. El nom prové de l'hebreu Qahal, «comunitat», potser per influència del llatí callis, «pas estret entre dues parets».

- **Medina**: Vol dir "ciutat il·luminada", allí roman la tomba del profeta *Muhamad*, Mahoma. És la segona ciutat santa després de la *Meca*.

- **Arc de ferradura**: L'arc de ferradura o arc ultrapassat és el que té una obertura que ultrapassa la mitjana circumferència amb el centre situat per sobre de la línia d'arrencada. És més obert que l'islàmic i amb l'extradós vertical sobre la línia d'arrencada, sostingut per columnes amb grans àbacs i capitells d'imitació coríntia.

- **Sarq Al-Andalus**: Xarq al-Àndalus (de l'àrab, Xarq al-Andalus, literalment "l'Orient de l'Àndalus") és el nom que rebia la regió oriental de l'Àndalus durant el domini musulmà. Incloïa el territori comprès aproximadament entre el cap de Gata a Almeria i ath-Thaghr al-Alà o Frontera Superior, que varià amb el temps fins a restar primer a l'alçada del riu Cardener i la Conca de Tremp, i després de l'Ebre; incloïa, a més, les illes Balears i Pitiüses.

- **Cadí**: Un cadi és, en el món musulmà, un jutge que aplica la xaria, la llei religiosa islàmica; en conseqüència els cadis tenen jurisdicció sobre aquells temes legals que afecten la xaria i exerceixen funcions civils, judicials i religioses. En aquest sentit, el cadi és un jutge de pau i un notari que regula certs actes de la vida quotidiana: casaments, divorcis, repudis, successions, herències, etc. El cadi rep aquest nom perquè té el poder de jurisdicció o qada. Sota el règim dels beys, aquest càrrec s'anomenà caicaman. Cadi es troba a l'origen del mot "alcalde".

\newpage

- **Almodí**: Un almodí (de l'àrab al-mudí, mesura de grans) en temps medievals era una mesura d'àrids que corresponia a 6 cafissos.[1] Per extensió també va acabar donant nom a l'edifici o indret on es conservaven els cereals i on eren venuts,[2] el qual també era conegut com a alfòndec.[1] També va denominar l'impost de l'almodinatge que gravava la importació i venda de cereals.

- **Raval**: Raval és un arabisme que vol dir un suburbi o un barri extramurs. Prové de l'àrab Rabad (plural arbad) i fa referència a un barri de població (medina) situat als afores d'aquesta. Aquesta paraula va originar el català "raval" i el castellà "arrabal".

- **Sínia**: Una sínia o sénia és una màquina d'elevar aigua. Consisteix bàsicament en una roda vertical que és accionada per un animal o bé per la força del corrent d'aigua o fins i tot del vent. Normalment s'utilitzava en els regadius tradicionals i per l'abastiment d'aigua, actualment s'han substituït per bombes i altres procediments.

\newpage

# Comparació de conceptes

- **Califa**: Títol que designava la màxima autoritat de l'islam, tant a nivell espiritual com polític.
- **Emir**: Cap militar, governador o príncep d'un país islàmic.

---

- **Muladí**: Que havia estat cristià.
- **Mossàrab**: Eren els cristians ibèrics que visqueren sota el regne musulmà d'Al-Àndalus.

---

- **Mesquita**: Temple de la religió islàmica.
- **Alcassaba**: Recinte fortificat dins d'una població emmurallada, amb funció de defensa militar.

\newpage

- **Àrab**: Poble semita originari d'Aràbia.
- **Berber**: Conjunt de parlars del nord d'Àfrica. El nom de la llèngua ve de ""bàrbar".
- **Musulmà**: Un musulmà és qui professa l'islam, una religió abrahàmica monoteista basada en l'Alcorà, que els musulmans consideren la paraula literal de Déu revelada al profeta Mahoma, i, amb menor autoritat que l'Alcorà, els ensenyaments i pràctiques atribuïts tradicionalment a Mahoma. «Musulmà» (en àrab) és una paraula àrab que significa «el que se sotmet a Déu».

\newpage

- **Omeia**: Van ser un llinatge àrab que va exercir el poder califal primer a Orient, amb capital a Damasc, i després a Al-Àndalus, amb capital a Còrdova.
- **Abbasida**: Foren una dinastia de califes que governà políticament i religiosament el món musulmà des del 750 fins al 1258, amb un prolongament a Egipte fins al 1517, quan el seu paper va ser assumit pel soldà de Turquia (Imperi Otomà).

---

- **Almoràvits**: Foren un poble del nord d'Àfrica, nòmades berbers del Sàhara, que al segle XI fundaren la quarta dinastia del Marroc.
- **Almohades**: Eren un poble del nord d'Àfrica que el 1147 va ocupar i dominar bona part d'al-Àndalus. Foren un moviment religiós amb un fort influx amazic que va inspirar diversos estats a l'extrem occidental del món islàmic al segle XII.

\newpage

# Ordena cronològicament

La **batalla de Guadalete** és una batalla que va tenir lloc l'any 711 entre els musulmans i els visigots, amb la derrota dels darrers, i com a conseqüència les tropes del Califat van expandir-se i conduïren la invasió musulmana d'Hispània.

**Pacte de Teodomir**: El tractat d'Oriola (abril de 713) fou un ahd (pacte) de submissió entre el duc visigot Teodomir i els invasors musulmans, representats pel fill de Mussa ibn Nussayr, Abd-al-Aziz, que respectà una certa independència del territori del primer, situat entre l'actual Múrcia i Alacant. El tractat fou ratificat a Bagdad pel Califa i el mateix Teodomir. El 825 es deixa d'esmentar el regne de Tudmir a les cròniques islàmiques.

\newpage

El **califat de Còrdova**, també conegut com a califat omeia de Còrdova o califat d'Occident, fou un califat proclamat per Abd al-Rahman III el 929, posant així fi a l'emirat independent instaurat per Abd-ar-Rahman I ad-Dàkhil el 756.

**Regne nassarita de Granada**: L'any 1238, entra a Granada Muhàmmad I al-Ghàlib, també conegut com Al-Hamar ('el Roig'). És el fundador de la dinastia nassarita (que va tenir vint soldans granadins) i el fundador del Regne de Granada. Des del començament, fou un regne amic dels reis castellans, però amb el pas dels anys hagué de fer-se tributari per tal de mantenir la independència. Aquest regne ocupava un ampli territori, que comprenia les actuals províncies de Màlaga, Almeria, Granada i una part de Cadis. També tenia una gran façana marítima, ports importants per al comerç i una agricultura de regadiu pròspera. El darrer rei d'aquesta dinastia fou Boabdil (Abu-Abd-Al·lah), derrotat el 1492 pels reis catòlics. A partir d'aqueix moment, passà a formar part de la corona de Castella.

La **Batalla de Poitiers** va ser lliurada entre el Regne d'Anglaterra i el Regne de França el 19 de setembre del 1356, resultant en la segona de les tres grans victòries angleses a la Guerra dels Cent Anys.

\newpage

**Divisió en regnes de Taifes**: Les taifes van aparèixer com a conseqüència de la fitna o guerra civil que es va desencadenar pel tron entre els partidaris de l'últim califa legítim Hixam III, i els successors del seu primer ministre o hajib Almansor. En el rerefons també hi havia problemes amb l'angoixant pressió fiscal necessària per a finançar el cost dels esforços bèl·lics. La divisió es va reproduir en diverses ocasions, creant-se més taifes. També se succeïren diferents invasions des del nord d'Àfrica, com la dels almoràvits (1090-1102), els almohades (1145-1146) i els benimerins (1224). Aquest debilitament progressiu va provocar que, a mitjans del segle XIII, l'al-Àndalus quedara reduït al regne nassarí de Granada, que no va capitular fins al 2 de gener de 1492, data oficial en què es posa fi a l'anomenada Reconquesta.


Holidaying with kids comes with a whole range of extra expenses, and you'll need to keep this in mind while planning your travel budget.
If you're travelling with other family members, friends or a partner, chat in advance about how you'll be dividing costs during the trip. This will save you money while also preventing awkward silences when the bill comes after dinner.
What type of holiday are you planning?
Perhaps you're going on all-inclusive cruise or boarding a coach tour that covers some of your meals and entry tickets. If so, you'll have fewer costs to consider while mapping out your holiday budget planner. For self-led getaways, you'll need to factor in all the extra expenses that come with day-to-day travel (e.g. meals, drinks, accommodation, transport, attractions, shopping).
There are accommodation options to suit any budget. Whether you're staying in an overwater bungalow or a luxury suite in the city, make sure you factor each night of accommodation into your holiday budget.
Even if you pre-pay for your accommodation, keep in mind that there will likely be extra expenses during your stay (e.g. Wi-Fi, minibar, bottled water, laundry service, housekeeping tips, valet parking).
If your accommodation offers a complimentary breakfast, take advantage of it.
If your room has kitchen facilities, use them! Stock up on groceries to cook your own meals, or at least grab the essentials (like milk and coffee).
Pack picnic lunches for daytrips rather than dining out.
Seek out local eateries rather than touristy cafés and restaurants.
If you're travelling in major cities, look into the public transport options. If possible, get an electronic travel pass rather than buying single-use tickets each time you travel.
However, keep in mind that taxis and ride-sharing apps are sometimes more cost-effective if you're travelling in a group. Do some cost comparisons to see which mode of transport will have the least impact on your holiday budget.
As a general guideline, we suggest assuming you'll spend between $100 and $150 per day (per person) on sightseeing stuff. But you should also be prepared for incidental costs like sunscreen, souvenirs and snacks.
If you're travelling a shoestring budget, visit the local tourist centre and see what kind of free events or festivals are taking place during your stay.


text:
Satyam Nadeen (Michael Clegg) est un écrivain américain de spiritualité.
En 1996, il publie From Onions to Pearls traduit en français par De la prison à l'éveil best-seller dans la liste du New York Times. Il y raconte son emprisonnement pendant sept ans et demi dans un centre de haute sécurité en Californie, sur une accusation de conspiration, où il serait parvenu à un éveil spirituel. Il vit actuellement au Costa Rica.

Lien interne
 Éveil spirituel

Références

Écrivain américain du XXe siècle
Spiritualité autres
Écrivain de spiritualité non religieuse
Date de naissance non renseignée (XXe siècle)


text:
layout: post
title: "Digging Deeper at Haskell Instance Definition"
date: 2011-12-07 17:30
comments: true
categories:
---
If you try to compiler the following clip of code with ghc

```
class C a where
    toString :: a -> String

instance C String where
    toString = id

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString "Hello World"
```

The compiler will pop out the error message.

```
test01.hs:4:10:
    Illegal instance declaration for `C String'
    (All instance types must be of the form (T t1 ... tn)
     where T is not a synonym.
     Use -XTypeSynonymInstances if you want to disable this.)
In the instance declaration for `C String'
```

What does it mean? Let's try another run with much simpler type.

```
class C a where
    toString :: a -> String

instance C Int where
    toString = show

instance C Double where
    toString = show

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString (123::Int)
    putStrLn $ toString (123.123::Double)
```

What? it works very well.

Give another try. We replace String to [Char].

```
class C a where
    toString :: a -> String

instance C [Char] where
    toString = id

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString "Hello World"
```

But it still doesn't work.

```
test03.hs:4:10:
    Illegal instance declaration for `C [Char]'
    (All instance types must be of the form (T a1 ... an)
     where a1 ... an are *distinct type variables*,
     and each type variable appears at most once in the instance head.
     Use -XFlexibleInstances if you want to disable this.)

In the instance declaration for `C [Char]'
```

Suprisingly, this does work.

```
class C a where
    toString :: a -> String

instance Show a => C [a] where
    toString = concat . (map show)

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString ([1,2,3,4]::[Int])
```

So the problem is not about list constructor []?

Let's go to a simple cure directly. That is to add {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}, i.e. use FlexibleInstances GHC extension.

```
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
class C a where
    toString :: a -> String

instance C Int where
    toString = show

instance C Double where
    toString = show

instance C [Char] where
    toString = id

instance C [Int] where
    toString = concat . (map show)

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString (123::Int)
    putStrLn $ toString "Hello World"
    putStrLn $ toString ([1,2,3,4,5]::[Int])
```

That works for C [Char], but still doesn't work for C String

```
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
class C a where
    toString :: a -> String

instance C String where
    toString = id

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString "Hello World"
test06.hs:5:10:
    Illegal instance declaration for `C String'
    (All instance types must be of the form (T t1 ... tn)
     where T is not a synonym.
     Use -XTypeSynonymInstances if you want to disable this.)
```

In the instance declaration for `C String'
What's going on? Let's check the Haskell 98 Report Sec. 4.3.2

The type (T u1 … uk) must take the form of a type constructor T applied to simple type variables u1, … uk; furthermore, T must not be a type synonym, and the ui must all be distinct.
This prohibits instance declarations such as:

```
instance C (a,a) where …
instance C (Int,a) where …
instance C [[a]] where …
```

So according to the report, C [a] is legal, since [a] = [] a where T = [] and u1 = a. But String = [Char] = [] Char, where T = [] and Char is not a type variable. As to why the specific type is invalid. Suppose we have

```
instance C [Char] where ... instance C [Int] where ...
```

A given constraint of C [a] for some type variable a, we cannot decide which instance declaration to use unless we know about a. And in Haskell 98 the comittee consider to avoid that. For detailed explanation, go ahead to read SPJ's paper Sec.4.5

The result is as expected if we try Type synonym, as the standard said the Type synonym is forbidden.

```
type Identifier = String

class C a where
    toString :: a -> String

instance C Identifier where
    toString = show

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString ("Hello World"::Identifier)
```

Flexible Instances GHC extension is to give us more flexible instance defition form, but I didn't check how the issue above was resolved.

Excerpt from Flexible Instances GHC extension > GHC 6.5 > … > > This rule allows instances accepted by the previous rule and more, including > > instance C a > > instance Show (s a) => Show (Sized s a) > > instance (C1 a, C2 b) => C a b > > instance C1 Int a => C2 Bool [a] > > instance C1 Int a => C2 [a] b > > instance C a a => C [a] [a]

To resolve the issue and at the same time conforming Haskell 98, This link listed two methods.

One is to use newtype

```
class C a where
    toString :: a -> String

newtype Identifier = Identifier String deriving (Show)

instance C Identifier where
    toString = show

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString (Identifier "Hello")
```

Another way is to define another listToString

```
class C a where
    toString :: a -> String
    listToString :: [a] -> String

instance C Char where
    toString = show
    listToString = id

instance C a => C [a] where
    toString = listToString

main = do
    putStrLn $ toString ("Hello"::[Char])
```


Gifted services are not equally distributed across schools within districts. The variance between schools in a district is greater than the variance across districts in a state.
Underserved populations are not being identified at the same rates as non-underserved students even after controlling for student achievement. EL, free or reduced lunch, and Latinx and Black students are less likely to be identified as gifted even if they have the same reading and mathematics achievement as students not from these groups.
Very few districts reassess students once they have been identified.
Very few districts offer programs to identify and recruit potentially gifted students.
There is an extensive use of cognitive tests to identify gifted students.
Most districts identify gifted students in 3rd grade.
Third grade achievement is directly related to identification gaps in identification of gifted students.
Practices such as universal screening and nonverbal tests do not appear to be panaceas for removing the identification gap.
Universal screening with modification shows promise at reducing under-identification of underserved populations.
The majority of schools use pull-out classes for gifted instruction.
Gifted programs seldom focus on core curriculum such as math and reading. Gifted programs have a greater focus on critical thinking and creative thinking than reading/language arts and mathematics.
Gifted students start ahead in reading and mathematics achievement at 3rd grade but don't grow any faster than other groups by 5th grade. In some cases, gifted students show slower growth during this period than non-identified gifted students.
Teacher autonomy positively influences academic achievement of gifted students.
EL reclassification is linked to gifted identification. Each year a student has EL services, he or she is 30% less likely to be identified as gifted. EL students exit EL programs faster in schools with greater percentages of gifted students.
When school personnel serve as talent scouts and interact with each other they are more effective in identifying gifted English learners.
There is a high level of agreement between district and teacher reports of practice and curriculum for gifted students.


Are you looking to find a dentist in Modesto, CA for cosmetic dentistry? Look no further than Dr. Nokrashy!
Cosmetic dentistry is designed to provide patients with teeth that are evenly spaced, attractively shaped, white and healthy. Treatment typically focuses on tooth flaws that show when you talk, smile, eat or laugh. Procedures can involve just one tooth or all visible teeth.
• to change the size, shape, and alignment of certain teeth.
•Fill in unattractive spaces between teeth.
•Lighten or brighten the color of teeth.
•Repair decayed, broken, cracked, or chipped teeth.
•Replace old, unattractive dental treatments.
As you plan your treatment, you should know that the majority of cosmetic procedures are not covered by dental insurance. However, you should be able to set up an affordable payment plan that lets you start enjoying a brighter smile right away. Most cosmetic dentistry treatments require some maintenance over the years. You should plan ahead for the long term costs of keeping your smile in mint condition. You may be able to significantly prolong the lifespan of your cosmetic restorations by practicing good dental hygiene.
If you have any questions regarding cosmetic dentistry, please feel free to give us a call. We hope to be your practice of choice when looking in Modesto, CA for cosmetic dentistry!
Return to our home page for more about your Dentist in Modesto, CA.


Every kitchen and bathroom has to be cleaned, so why not use a sponge scourer that has been made from recycled materials?
Every kitchen and bathroom has to be cleaned, so why not use a sponge scourer that has been made from recycled materials? These absorbent sponge scourers are made from rescued ground-up bits of compressed foam. They are made in the UK by a privately owned family business. What refreshing news.
Each pack comes with two sponge scourers.
2 Heavy-duty sponge scourer (not recommended for use on non-stick or delicate surfaces).


Success is a Journey Towards Mastery: How does RA build Faculty Leaders?
As a member of the Reading Apprenticeship Project Community, I have participated in two winter conferences, a six-week online course, a two day workshop (held at our college campus), LINKS V in Fresno (as a presenter), and the summer 2012 Leadership Community of Practice. I also had the opportunity to co-facilitate a one day Reading Apprenticeship workshop at Diablo Valley College this fall. All of these activities have been extremely meaningful, giving me myriad immediately applicable resources and valuable learning experiences.
Because of 3CSN, I have not only become a more effective teacher, but I am also learning how to make a difference as a leader. I am learning how to help my colleagues think about and implement evidence-based methodologies and habits of mind that will increase student success.
I have learned that "success" is a never-ending, recursive journey—of perpetual reflection and adjustment—toward mastery. Daniel H. Pink describes mastery as "the desire to get better and better at something that matters" but also "an asymptote toward which [we are] for ever approaching without ever quite reaching it." So, my work with 3CSN has confirmed that "success" is a journey toward mastery, not an end point.
Intro to RA for ESL at Sierra College!
Metacognition Day with the RA Framework at Foothill College FTLA!
See How I Read: Why RA for English classes?


text:
Anne Marie Quinn (A Minor) suing by her mother and next friend, Kathleen Quinn v Mid Western Health Board and Donal O'Sullivan
Judgment Irish Reports Cited authorities 24 Cited in 21 Precedent Map Related
Judge Mr. Justice Kearns
Judgment Date 08 April 2005
Neutral Citation [2005] IESC 19
Docket Number [S.C. No. 432 of
[2005] IESC 19
Denham J.
Geoghegan J.
Kearns J
[S.C. No. 432 of 2003]
Quinn (A Minor) v. Mid Western Health Board and O'Sullivan
BETWEEN:
ANNE MARIE QUINN (A MINOR) SUING BY HER MOTHER AND NEXT FRIEND, KATHLEEN QUINN
PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT
MID WESTERN HEALTH BOARD AND DONAL O'SULLIVAN
DEFENDANTS/RESPONDENTS
Tort - Medical negligence - Causation - Onus of proof - "But for" test - Whether onus of proof should be reversed or transferred to defendant - Whether trial judge had evidence to support finding
The plaintiff was born with severe brain damage. The defendants ultimately did not dispute that there had been negligence in that the plaintiff should have been delivered earlier but contended that the plaintiff's brain damage had been caused by an acute episode and that the outcome would not have been any different had she been delivered at an earlier time. The High Court (O'Sullivan J.) dismissed the plaintiff's claim and awarded costs in favour of the defendants.
Held by the Supreme Court (Denham, Geoghegan and Kearns JJ) in dismissing the appeal that the trial judge was entitled to conclude, as he did, that the evidence led on behalf of the defendants was such as to bring about a situation where the plaintiff had not tilted the scales decisively in favour of the case of causation contended for by the plaintiff's experts. The "but for" approach to causation had to be followed by the Court. Any approach which had the effect of reversing the onus of proof would be one of such importance that it would require a full court - or perhaps even legislation - before a change of such magnitude to the existing law could take place.
Reporter: R.W.
JUDGMENT of Mr. Justice Kearns, delivered the 8th day of April, 2005.
The facts of this case and the evidence at trial are set out fully and comprehensively in the judgment of the learned trial judge (O'Sullivan, J) in the High Court and do not require detailed elaboration in this judgment.
The plaintiff was born on the 4th May, 1990 in Limerick Maternity Hospital at a gestational age of 39 weeks and 1 day. She brings these proceedings through her mother and next friend, Kathleen Quinn, with whom she resides at Fortanne, O'Callahans Mills, County Clare. The first named respondent has or had responsibility for the Limerick Maternity Hospital at the material time. The second named respondent is a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist who had responsibility for the obstetric management of the plaintiff's gestation and subsequent delivery. When Anne Marie was born she had severe brain damage attributable to a condition subsequently diagnosed as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). The basis of her case against the defendants in the High Court was that she ought to have been delivered not later than week 35 of her gestation, in which case it was contended the plaintiff would have avoided all, or substantially all, of the brain damage which occurred.
The defendants ultimately did not dispute that there had been negligence in the management of the pregnancy and that the plaintiff should have been delivered earlier than she was. However, the defendants contended that the plaintiff's brain damage was sustained as a result of an acute episode which occurred between 28–30 weeks of the pregnancy and that the outcome would not have been any different had she been delivered at any earlier time than she was.
The hearing before O'Sullivan J. was spread over a period of 17 days between the 13th May and 16th July, 2003, following which judgment was delivered on the 14th October, 2003. It had been agreed between parties that the trial should deal only with the issues of breach of duty, causation and life expectancy - the issue of damages (if any) being postponed until these issues were decided. In delivering judgment, O'Sullivan J. dismissed the plaintiff's claim and on the 31st October, 2003, awarded costs in favour of the defendants.
The plaintiff's mother is an insulin-dependant diabetic who was diagnosed as such in 1988 and her pregnancy is thus agreed to have been a "high risk" pregnancy. She consulted her general practitioner regularly during the pregnancy and also attended at the first named defendant's diabetic clinic in Limerick Regional Hospital. She was weighed regularly and her blood sugar levels noted. Some high blood sugar readings were recorded on the 7th September, 1989, along with some hypoglycaemic episodes. A change in insulin regime was put in place in September, and an incident of vaginal bleeding was noted on the 25th October. There was also a recorded weight loss of 2 kilos between 3rd October and 2nd November.
On the 7th November, 1989 (at 14 weeks gestation), the plaintiff's mother attended the second named defendant for the first time. She had been referred by her general practitioner and saw the second named defendant on four subsequent occasions thereafter, those dates being the 2nd January, 1990 (22 weeks gestation), the 27th February, 1990 (29 1/2 weeks gestation), the 10th April, 1990 (36 weeks gestation) and the 1st May, 1990 (39 weeks gestation).
On the 2nd March, 1999 (at 30 weeks gestation), her general practitioner noted a drop in weight and queried "IUGR" (Intra Uterine Growth Restriction). This possibility was not further explored. On the 27th April, 1990, the general practitioner noted that despite a gestation of 38 weeks and 1 day that the fundus equalled 34 weeks. This was the first time that a discrepancy was noted between gestation and fundal height.
The plaintiff's mother made a further visit to the second named defendant on the 1st May, 1990 (at 39 weeks gestation), and he recorded a reduction in weight but did not note any discrepancy between the height of the fundus and gestation. No ultra-sound scans were at any time undertaken. On the 3rd May, 1990, the second named defendant suggested that the plaintiff's mother be admitted to Limerick Maternity Hospital and she was admitted there on the 4th May, 1990, at a point when gestation was at 39 weeks and 1 day.
A foetal heart monitor (CTG) was attached the reading from which was flat, meaning there was no base line variability and no accelerations. Delivery by caesarean section was ordered and at delivery there was a finding of "grossly diminished liquor volume"(oligohydramnios), liquor being the fluid surrounding the foetus in the uterus. At birth, the plaintiff's weight was 2.09 kilos with a head circumference of 30.5 cm. She was grossly and symmetrically growth retarded, her birth weight and head circumference being well below the third centile for the date of gestation.
She was a very ill child who had poor activity and a poor cry. At 1 minute the plaintiff's Apgar score was 3 and was 6 at 5 minutes. She developed respiratory problems and had poor colour, with twitching and chronic activity. Within 12 hours of birth the plaintiff suffered epileptic-type seizures. It became evident that the plaintiff had suffered major brain damage and a diagnosis of PVL followed.
A CT scan of the plaintiff's brain was performed on the 28th May, 1990, and a further CT scan was performed on the 7th June, 1990. Some 10 years later an MRI scan of the plaintiff's brain was carried out on the 28th June, 2000.
While multiple grounds of appeal have been advanced on behalf of the plaintiff, her case can be fairly summarised in the following way. The plaintiff alleges that her difficulties evolved as part of a unitary pathological process, namely, placental insufficiency (most probably linked to maternal diabetes), which caused a chronic hypoxic ischaemia in utero. This led to a gradual deprivation of oxygen and vital nutrients from before the 28th week which continued up to birth at 39 weeks and 1 day. An important feature of the early stages of this process on the plaintiff's case was the suggestion that a compensatory mechanism known as "brain sparing" would have operated. Under this process, the brain would have been preferentially favoured by shunting of the available blood and oxygen supply at the expense of other organs during the initial period of chronic placental insufficiency, but this process could not have continued beyond 35 weeks. Had there been proper scanning and other monitoring, the fact that there was IUGR. would have been detected at around 30 weeks and this in turn would, it was contended, have led to delivery between the 32nd and 35th week of gestation thereby avoiding the catastrophic and irreparable damage caused to the plaintiff's brain thereafter and in the neo-natal period. The witnesses for the defendants, however, denied that the plaintiff's PVL was caused by a lengthy process which was continuing up to the time of delivery and denied that it was the result of placental insufficiency. They contended that there was an acute, relatively brief insult at 28 weeks to 30 weeks which caused catastrophic brain damage, and that the growth retardation was either caused by the same insult or resulted from the brain damage which occurred at that time. The defendants ultimately accepted during the trial that there was a period of placental dysfunction during the 3 to 4 weeks prior to delivery, but denied that this was connected with the plaintiff's brain damage. In making their case, the defendants relied in particular on the information subsequently yielded up by the MRI scan. The MRI scan was the subject of detailed investigation and evidence by Professor Olaf Flodmark, a distinguished consultant neuroradiologist from Stockholm who was retained on behalf of the defendants, whose evidence as to the timing of the injury at 28 to 30 weeks was to prove decisive in the decision ultimately arrived at by the trial judge.
Both Professor Flodmark and Dr. King, a consultant paediatric neurologist who was also called for the...
The Minister for Communications and Others v Figary Watersports Development Company Ltd
...THE ENVIRONMENT & ORS UNREP HERBERT 13.2.2004 2004/44/10023 2004 IEHC 24 QUINN (A MINOR) v MID WESTERN HEALTH BOARD & O'SULLIVAN 2005 4 IR 1 2005 2 ILRM 180 2005/51/10715 2005 IESC 19 FORESHORE ACT 1933 S3 PINE VALLEY DEVELOPMENTS LTD & ORS v MIN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT & ORS 19......
Fyffes Plc (plaintiff) v DCC Plc, S&L Investments Ltd, James Flavin and Lotus Green Ltd
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James Elliott Construction Ltd v Irish Asphalt Ltd
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4 books & journal articles
Hypothesising a Hypothetical on a Probable Basis: Can this be Factual Cause in Medical Negligence?
Trinity College Law Review Nbr. XV-2012, January 2012
...a defendant's conduct. 44 44 An example of the 'but for' test applied in medical negligence litigation is Quinn v Midwestern Health Board [2005] 4 IR 1. The High Court, subsequently affirmed by the Supreme Court, rejected the claim on grounds of causation, holding that the medical evidence ......
The Duty of Confidentiality and Genetic Information: Who Has a Right to Know? A Response to ABC v St George's Healthcare NHS Trust & Ors [2017] EWCA CIV 336
Cork Online Law Review Nbr. 18-2019, January 2019
...is established in this jurisdiction, as in Kirby v Burke and 58[1972] 3 All ER 1008. 59Quinn (A Minor) v Midwestern Health Board [2005] 4 IR 1. 60Mayo Clinic, 'BRCA Gene Test for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk' (Mayo Clinic) https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/brca-gene-test/about/p......
Asbestos-Related Injury Litigation
Cork Online Law Review Nbr. 6-2007, January 2007
...(3) has not !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 74Supra n.71 at para. 43.! 75See Lynch v. Beale [1993] 3 IR 489.! 76[2005] IESC 19.! 77B.M.E. McMahon & W. Binchy, supra n.18 at para 4.02 at 78A. Kerr, The Civil Liability Acts, 3rd Ed. (Dublin: Thomson Roundhall, 200......
Setting the boundaries of child sexual assault: consent and mistake as to age defences.
Melbourne University Law Review Vol. 36 Nbr. 3, December 2012
...Law of Australia (Cambridge University Press, 2012) 143. (59) (1985) 157 CLR 523. (60) [2000] 2 AC 428. (61) [2002] 1 AC 462, 477. (62) [2005] 4 IR 1, 25 (63) [1985] 2 SCR 486, 513 (Lamer J for Dickson CJ, Beetz, Chouinard, Lamer and Le Dain JJ), quoted in R v Stevens [1988] 1 SCR 1153, 117......