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Classroom Visits
Waste Reduction Tips
Waste Literacy Theatre
Solutions-based Research
Pollution Prevention Projects
Fighting Floatables in the Toronto Harbour
Home Waste Audit
International Trash Trap Network
Earth Day Challenge
Kicking Plastic's Butt!
Posted byUofTTrashTeam January 9, 2023 January 9, 2023 Posted inOutreach, ResearchTags:Art, CigaretteButts, PlasticPollution
A campaign to end cigarette butt litter on Toronto's waterfront.
In Toronto it's hard to walk down the street without noticing some form of litter, which is usually made of plastic. But not all litter is as noticeable as a water bottle, or a chip bag. Cigarette filters (a.k.a. cigarette butts), for example, tend to blend into the background, likely because they are among the most common types of litter globally. Cigarette butts are also plastic – made from small semi-synthetic fibers and among the most ubiquitous form of plastic pollution in Toronto. Not only are they our #1 item at nearly every litter cleanup, we also consistently find them in our trash traps (i.e., Seabins and LittaTraps) along the waterfront.
Cigarette butts end up in the environment for a variety of reasons. Often, butts are littered because most people don't realize that they are made out of non-degradable plastic, and thus don't consider them litter. However, the truth is that butts are made of plastic, and the chemicals that leach from these discarded cigarette butts can harm wildlife, particularly aquatic wildlife, putting Lake Ontario species at risk.
In Summer 2022, our team started an arts-based educational campaign, led by the U of T Trash Team's Arts and Visual Communications Specialist, Emily Chudnovsky, to reduce plastic pollution from cigarette butts. The crux of our campaign, Kicking Plastic's Butt!, was to increase awareness that cigarette butt litter is plastic pollution. We had an inkling that most people were not aware of this fact, and we hoped that increased awareness would reduce the common behaviour of littering butts.
The project began with a series of trips to collect data on cigarette butt litter. We added this scientific component to quantify the local problem and track it alongside our educational campaign to measure our efficacy. If our campaign was working, we predicted we would see less butts on the ground during our campaign relative to before. On day 1, our team counted cigarette butt litter along the waterfront, and even we were shocked by what we found. We look at litter more than the average person, but still 662 cigarette butts in a 50 m x 10 m area (think the size of an Olympic swimming pool) was astounding! Butts were camouflaged, hiding between the cracks in the sidewalk, scattered under benches, and piled up in the soil at the bases of trees and in shrubs.
The team completing our first transects © Mira Ghosh
The team set out to reduce the number of littered cigarette butts through educational signage and video. With an interactive video, in collaboration with The Water Brothers, we asked the public what they knew about cigarette butts. Although every single person agreed they would not litter a plastic item – like a bottle or straw – all but one did not know that cigarette butts contained plastic. Many confessed they thought they were more natural, and thus biodegradable.
The Water Brothers interview community members © Chelsea Rochman
Emily also put out a call to the U of T Trash Team volunteers to submit illustrations that would inform the public that cigarette butt litter was plastic litter – and thus plastic pollution. The call yielded three different art pieces that were displayed as posters in streetcar shelters at Queens Quay and Lower Spadina – a very busy intersection on the waterfront. Each one was unique and eye-catching, and was intended to inform the community about plastic pollution. The posters stayed up for just over a month.
Our posters on display at three different streetcar shelters at Queens Quay and Spadina © Susan Debreceni
Two of the artists who created those striking images shared their experience.
"I immediately thought about making a poster with anime characters when I was presented with the task of communicating a story about how cigarette butts are plastic. This is because I watch a lot of anime and read a lot of manga, so naturally I designed the characters to be that way. The main character in my poster has bright orange hair, which I thought would draw attention to him – this approach of using eye-catching, bright colours has been taken when designing many anime protagonists, such as for the Mangas, Naruto and Bleach. This was a way to draw attention to our poster and our overall campaign on cigarette butts. I broke the story into three frames and ordered it the way a Manga would, and I also added words in capital letters to represent sounds."
– Alice Zhu
"When creating the preliminary draft of my comic, I was more focused on how the poster can be more attention-grabbing. If you have walked by many TTC stations, you would see (especially around Bloor street) and most likely pay attention to the handful of fashion advertisements. I believe that aesthetics and a little exaggeration can be a great way to make people look. Thus I decided to make my characters varied, fashionable, and cool. However, when people continue to look, the message would start to reveal through the contrast of how fashionable they are, but funnily smoking out of a bottle, a plastic fork, and a straw, and by repeating it, it reinforces the message that cigarettes are plastic. It was a challenging process to integrate the main message of cigarettes as plastic into a brief comic, but it was also fun and I love how the posters turned out."
– Chelsea Wang
Preliminary Sketch by Alice Zhu
Preliminary Sketch by Mira Ghosh
Was our campaign effective?
Before the July campaign, we collected data on two separate days – once in April and again in June. During the campaign, we collected data on two separate days in July. Each day we ran six transects and counted butts in each one. Before the campaign, we collected an average of 15.5 butts per m2. After the campaign, we collected 12.4 butts per m2. Due to the success of our campaign, we continue today.
These posters, along with baskets made with the collected cigarette butts by Emily, are publicly displayed in the Toronto Patagonia store window until mid-January 2023 and our campaign to reduce cigarette butt pollution does not stop here. Our campaign will be displayed at Ripley's Aquarium later this year. Next summer, we plan to add cigarette butt receptacles in the city alongside the posters to see if added receptacles for proper disposal further reduce litter.
Through an artistic approach, alongside the collection of scientific data, we aim to make a difference regarding the state of plastic pollution in our city. Our work shows that scientists and artists can cross boundaries and work together to create meaningful change. While cigarette butt litter is certainly a daunting problem, there's still a lot we can do to make a difference and keep thousands of cigarette butts from ending up in the lake. So next time you're out for a walk around the city, keep an eye out for cigarette butts!
For more information on the project, click here. Help us spread the word: join us for litter cleanups, or follow our journey on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook.
A handful of cigarette filters collected during transects © Mira Ghosh
Written by Mira Ghosh, an undergraduate researcher in the Rochman Lab, and 4th year studying biodiversity and conservation biology and forest conservation science.
Rewriting the Story of Toronto's Trash: Another Successful Urban Litter Challenge


Since reading Dr. Mutti-Burke's book, On Slavery's Border: Missouri's Small-Slaveholding Families 1815-1865 in my first semester of grad school, I have become interested in power relationships between enslaved African-Americans and their said "masters" in Missouri. No two relationships were quite the same and they were as varied and diverse as the people and personalities that entered into them. The only thing that characterizes all of these relationships is that the folks with the white skin were supposed to be the ones in control.
Michel Foucault would have a field day with a study of the following power relationship.
While researching for the Wornall House Museum project, I stumbled across a newspaper clipping at the Jackson County Historical Society that caught my eye. It is a type of juicy tid-bit of history that displays how easily our society was willing to first, elide the sins of slavery and second, a bit of that dynamic of slave-master power relationships.
Like many of the Wornall stories, I am finding a couple of differing versions. Here is one version of "Old Hattie." This article is undated and clipped from the Kansas City Star and it tells the story of "Old Hattie." My research informs me the article is circa December 1927.
At a slave auction in 1855 at Boone's Store in Westport (now Kelley's Bar) there was up for bid a 13-year-old slave girl named Hattie. She was about to be sold to a "cruel" master and begged a "kindly looking" man to purchase her instead. That man was Westport trader and city father, Charles Kearney. He was cashing in on the Santa Fe wool trade before the war and apparently had cash to spare. The bidding became heated until Hattie finally sold to Kearney for $1300. That was a fortune in those days.
Kearney took Hattie home and set her "free" . . . to work for the Kearney family for the rest of her life. And she did just that. She rose two generations of Kearney's children, became ingrained in the family's life, and adopted the family name. Colonel Kearney's oldest daughter, Julia, married Frank Wornall, and it appears that for a time Hattie lived at Wornall House raising the Wornall children. She reared children and cooked meals and likely knew those families better than they knew themselves. In her later years the extended family members would squabble over which family would get the privilege of having Hattie be the live-in maid/nanny. She lived to be 91 years old and enjoyed "listening in" to the radio in her last days.
Irony abounds in this story.
From our twenty-first century perspective it is easy to see the irony of buying a person, taking them home , and setting them "free" to work for your family until you die. But perhaps more nuanced in the story is the ultimate power Hattie wielded over the Kearney and Wornall families. Then again, perhaps not: the headline practically of screams about Hattie's power. What do you think?
This entry was posted in HistoryMaking and tagged Colonel Kearney, Dr. Diane Mutti-Burke, Jackson County Historical Society, Michel Foucault, Old Hattie, Tony O'Bryan, Wornall-Majors House on April 21, 2014 by Tony Lawson-O'Bryan.


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The Seattle Project
Muse/News: Painting in Motion, Jimi's Anthem, and Museums' Role
Rachel Eggers	on Jan 11 2021
SAM News
All SAM locations are currently closed until further notice, but we're still dancing about paintings.
As City of Tomorrow: The Art That Shaped a New Seattle will not reopen to the public, we asked Seattle-based dancers Michele Dooley, Nia-Amina Minor, and Amanda Morgan to reinterpret a work from the exhibition, Cross Section (1956) by Franz Kline. The Stranger's Jasmyne Keimig shared the video and her reactions (including a perfect soundtrack suggestion).
"In particular, I love the frame above where the crook of Dooley's elbow and bent hips capture the left side of the painting, while the verticality of Minor's body captures the right. It's a dynamic and fun reinterpretation of work that brings new life to Kline's black and white original."
Roxanne Ray for International Examiner interviews Northwest Film Forum executive director Vivian Hua on her two years there bringing together art and social justice.
The Seattle Times' Michael Rietmulder and Brendan Kiley gather reflections from members of Seattle's cultural community on last week's violence at the Capitol Building.
And for her weekly editor's letter, Crosscut's Brangien Davis fires up Jimi Hendrix's iconic Woodstock performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner."
"Hendrix sometimes called his anthem adaptations 'This Is America.' The Woodstock edition is almost straightforward — albeit on a Fender Stratocaster, an American innovation itself — until he reaches 'the rocket's red glare.' That's when it rips open to reveal the pain and suffering of a nation at war with others, and within."
Inter/National News
Dance Magazine shares its "25 to Watch" for 2021; on the list are Seattle-based dance artists Amanda Morgan of Pacific Northwest Ballet and The Seattle Project and Nia-Amina Minor of Spectrum Dance Theatre. Don't miss the embedded video of Minor's dance response to SAM collection work Trapsprung by Lynette Yiadom-Boakye.
What is the future of museums? Artnet shares excerpts from András Szántó's forthcoming book in which he interviews museum directors and curators from around the world.
Following last week's violent events at the Capitol, the American Alliance of Museums, along with a number of affiliates, made a statement about the role museums play in the moment.
"At this dark junction in our nation's history, museums must lean into their missions and step up to the challenge ahead of us by fighting against white supremacy through educating our communities, building empathy, combating disinformation, and uplifting the stories and voices that have endured in the margins."
The return of Viennetta.
– Rachel Eggers, SAM Associate Director of Public Relations
Image: Cross Section, 1956, Franz Kline, American, 1910–1962, oil on canvas, 53 1/2 x 63 in. Seattle Art Museum, Gift of the Virginia and Bagley Wright Collection, in honor of the 75th Anniversary of the Seattle Art Museum, 2020.15.17. © Artist or Artist's Estate, Photo: Paul Macapia.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


However, the Supreme Court of Canada lifted the injunction on November 10, and the limits were in force during the rest of the campaign.
Elections Canada is an independent, non-partisan agency reporting directly to the Parliament of Canada.
Prior to the 1991 Northwest Territories election, Elections Canada was also responsible for administering the territorial elections.
During an election, staff at Elections Canada headquarters increases to 600 and to approximately 190,000 across Canada.
In the 2000 elections, 373 women were among the 1808 candidates; this figure represents 20.6% of the total.
The 1993 federal election witnessed the emergence of a significant gender gap in support for the new party of the right: women were much less likely than men to vote Reform, a trend that continued in the 1997 federal election.
A federal election is when everyone in the country over 18 votes for a party for the government.
A provincial election is when everyone in a province over 18 votes for a party for the government.
The election time is very confusing and nerve wracking for the running parties, but it is for the better.
You can compare the 16 biggest cities in Canada to see their relative size and different electoral systems; as you will see, all the major cities outside BC use the ward system rather than at large elections.
Canada's political system will be brought low and a new system will have to be birthed in its place.
God has called Canada into a unique position in the world but she cannot enter into her destiny until the purging is complete.
The reason that Chretian was the last PM of Canada in the dream is that the shift of power has taken place where there will not be a powerful leader in the head of Canadian government again.
Canada holds federal general elections for the House of Commons at least once every five years.
Each election leads to the formation of a new Parliament.
The three maps in this theme show the results of the three most recent elections (held in 2000, 2004 and 2006).
Serious consideration is being given across Canada to replacing or reforming the current single member plurality system currently used in all provincial and federal elections.
Elections Canada credits the increase with a vigorous get-out-the-vote campaign, aimed at the disaffected young.
The Elections Canada report also noted that overall voter turnout for the June 28 election was 60.9 per cent, down slightly from 61.2 per cent in 2000.
This despite the fact the 2004 election was one of the closest in recent history.
We at Politics Canada believe that this apparent, massive violation of federal law by the media and other organizations proves our point: that the ban means one thing in the conventional media, which can easily comply, and quite another for many website operators who cannot effectively comply with the ban without shutting down their websites.
As well, we believe that Elections Canada may be actively investigating the Politics Canada website, while ignoring these many other sites that also appear to have violated the law, in exactly the same way, for largely the same reasons.
The maximum penalty for violating federal elections law is $5,000 or five years in prison, or $1,000 or one year in prison, depending on the type of offense.
The Liberals know this and in previous elections were able to split away NDP voters by raising the spectre of the fundamentalist right-wing.
Canada is entering a new period of turmoil.
The elections in the DRC are of crucial importance to determine democratic development and stability in the country and on the African continent.
Canada's participation was the result of a request from the OSCE to send a team of international observers for the current election.
Their role was to contribute to the conduct of free and fair elections in the region, and to provide an independent and impartial observation report of the electoral process.
Official Elections Canada ballots being used in classrooms?
Like many Canadians, Canada Free Press hoped that Prime Minister Paul Martin didn't know something they didn't when he insisted so adamantly yesterday that he was certain to win Monday's federal Election.
Canada Free Press founding editor Judi McLeod is an award-winning journalist with 30 years experience in the print media.
Canada, according to Haiti-based independent journalist Kevin Pina, is "deeply involved" in planning for elections in Haiti, and is implementing "draconian rules" to make it mandatory to vote, denying non-voters access to social security or government services.
Pina says that it is impossible to have legitimate elections while the majority political party is being forced to hide in the woods, in fear for their lives.
Pina continues: "The role of Canada and the other countries in Haiti is to try to silence those voices, to prepare for the next election so that they can present to the world the facade that the page has been turned."
Immediately after the polling stations close, election officers count the ballots, and the results are announced on radio and television, and in the newspapers.
They include the performance of the party leaders, the election manifesto that these parties are portraying, and the affiliations of the near and the dear ones of these people.
Currently, Canada's image in the world is that of a peaceful country with dependency on the Americans for its survival.
The Conservatives platform titled "Stand up for Canada", and their message that "our government must always see the tax dollars, not as a large pile of money but as an incredible amount of public trust" is like a music to the ears, but needs to be heard in the parliament.
Elections Canada says the United Nations has authorized Ottawa to hold an international conference later this month on the upcoming Iraqi election.
Canada will not be sending monitors to Iraq because there are no guarantees of safety for observers.
Since 1990, Elections Canada has organized more than 355 international democratic development missions in some 94 countries around the world, according to a release on its website.
If you miss these deadlines it is your responsibility to ensure your ballot arrives at Elections Canada before the final deadline of 6:00 pm on January 23, 2006.
Canadian citizens residing outside Canada are qualified to register and vote by special ballot in the election if they are at least 18 years of age on election day, have been residing outside Canada for less than five consecutive years since their last visit to Canada, and intend to resume residence in Canada.
A person who resides outside Canada and then returns to Canada, for whatever period of time, has interrupted his or her absence from Canada.
Christian turner, a Grade 7 student at Prince Andrew Elementary School, is depicted in the LaSalle Post holding the official Elections Canada ballot he cast in a mock election at his school.
After the school vote, their count would be sent into the CBC website using a secret code and that the CBC would announce the results on election night along with all the other polls.
We can all only hope that honesty and integrity will be part of the ballot counting on Election Night, and that Prime Minister Paul Martin did not know something we didn't when he said so clearly on Wednesday that victory was certain to be his on January 23.
Certain members of the media were rightfully excoriated by bloggers after the election for writing stories in which they pretended that Canada thinks as a whole.
Attempts to push the idea are either a holdover from the past or an attempt to intimidate the media in the same way the US media has been intimidated by conservative activists there.
The Conservative candidate, Lewis Reford, increased the Conservative vote from the last election (most likely reflecting the overall growth in Conservative support) and Michael Shapcott, the NDP candidate, got pretty much the same result as last time.
Every person who is Canadian citizen 18 years of age or older is allowed to vote except for the Chief Electoral Officer and the Assistant Chief Electoral Officer.
The Conference brings together representatives of the Transitional Government of Haïti, donor countries, financial institutions, and international and regional organizations and is co-chaired by the governments of Canada and Haïti.
Previous to the International Montreal Conference on Haiti, Elections Canada hosted a technical Forum where participants from a number of countries were able to discuss the guidelines for the election observation mission.
Protagonists for environmental protection among Green Party of Canada leadership have pinned their hopes on the achievement of "sustainable development".
Paul Martin is the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada.
The leadership of the Cosmopolitan Party of Canada, held a National Press Conference on May 20, 2004 in the Charles Lynch Room in Parliament Hill.
Elections Canada isn't worried about the difficulty in policing any of this on the Net because, according to Kingsley, ``Canadians watch each other like hawks''.
You may be interested in reading a Press Release issued by Politics Canada, June 4, 1997, and the subsequent letter he received from Elections Canada.
All Canadian citizens 18 years of age or older, who have been residing outside of Canada for less than five consecutive years since their last visit home, and who intend to resume residence in Canada, are eligible to have their names added to the register of electors.
It also does not apply to the spouses and dependants residing outside of Canada with these electors, nor to the spouses and dependants residing outside Canada with members of the Canadian Forces.
You may also print a copy of the guide or obtain additional information on elections by visiting the Elections Canada site.


Well, I've got to Stavanger safely. There is web available via the TV in my room, but it's a bit klunky for reading LJ with. I thought I'd bash out an update though.
All my travel plans worked out over-eptly, which left me in Terminal 3 departures for almost 2 hours!
Anyway, I'm planning on getting woken up at 6am local time (5am body-clock-time) to give me time to rise gently before leaving the Hotel via Taxi at 7:45am to get to the office for 8ish.
I hope everyone is well, and I'll be back in the UK tomorrow evening!
Have you seen the FJORDs?
It's a lot of travelling for one day of meetings!


Can we use those in any way? Thhose are japanese for each word.
EDIT: How bout tis? *dbouts* Kyurufuakumabakeneko?
IC: She raised her arm and the dummy flew off the ground. She closed she hand and the dummy stoped moving, limp.
IC: Moonmist flinched, making the bushes rustle. She wondered if Tigerstar would attack her.
"Very well done!" Rainstar said, now caught up in the action. "What else can you do?" she insisted, not realizing she was pushing Tigerstar a little too hard.
Moonmist growled. She shifted to move, but the bushes rustled loudly. She froze. Surely someone would see her.
IC: "No need to worry. I wont hurt you. More you say?" She let out a long and haunting cry. Prey were drawn towards it. Then she raised her hands and slamed them down on the ground. The earth beneath then shook and they prey fell to the ground, dead. "There, food for 2 moons."
Moonmist padded slowly out of the bushes, cautious.
Flamestar said. "Don't worry any of you. I have trained Tigerstar for good not evil."
"perfect" Rainstar said in a deadly quiet voice.
She found a badger's carcas and sat down to eat. "Mmm... Tasty. We need to have badger more often..."
Rainstar padded over next to Tigerstar. "may i share this with you?" she asked, an interesting gleam in her eyes.
Moonmist looked at the others, Flamestar last. "Who are you all?" she asked.
"I am Tigerstar, leader of Dark Clan." She turned to Rainstar. "Go ahead. But let me talk to you over here first..." They padded over to a cave a ways away, were noone could hear them. "I know you want to be one of us."
Moonmist glared at Flamestar. "So, who are you!?" she repeated.
"What do you mean?" Rainstar demanded, though Tigerstar could see the hesitance in her eyes as she said this.
"I'm Flamepelt. I am a member of every clan. I know everyone and I am the true leader of each clan."
Moonmist nodded. "I'm the MoonClan medicine cat, Moonmist."
"I know. Like I said I know everything that goes on in the clans. I even saw you when you were born." Flamepelt said.
"You know Rainstar. You want to be a vampire werewolf demon ghost cat like me..."
OOc: moonmist can i make a account of a apprentice so you can have a med app.
IN: "Not all of that!" Denied Rainstar. "Although, a werewolf cat would be nice.... No, what i want is the power. Take it or leave it, Tigerstar". With that, Rainstar padded back to the badger carcass.
"So, can you live forever? Or only die in battle?" she asked. Man, I seem young now...she thought.
OOC: Sure. I will take on an apprentice.
OCC: Tinyleaf you may create another cat. You need a different email though.
IN: "Are you asking me? If you are I can live forever and ever. No one can kill me." Flamepelt said. He didn't like living forever. He should be dead right now. He should be dead with his true love and their kits. He loved her so much. He couldn't stand being here without here. If only there was a way to revive her. There isn't though. He walked into the forest and tail dropped. He just kept walking.
"Are you sure Flamepelt? I know a way!" she yelled.
"There is no way Tigerstar. I have tried everything I could. You can try to kill me, but you won't so don't waste your time and energy." Flamestar said.
» What new varieties are you dreaming about this year?


Grab some jam to get you through the day!
3 days in: done learning movement 1. ✅ Learn fast, forget slow.
Like trees, throughout certain periods of the year we lose our leaves but it doesn't last forever and it helps us appreciate them when they are back.
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G.W.F. Hegel?s philosophy reached Denmark in the mid-1820s and remained an important trend through the 1830s and 1840s. Hegel?s so-called speculative logic was revolutionary since it attacked the basic laws of Aristotelian logic ? the laws of contradiction and excluded middle ? which stood as the foundation for the field. He replaced these laws with the principle of mediation, which he used to redefine all the key terms of the discipline. In the 1830s this highly controversial theory was attacked by a number of philosophers in Germany and Prussia. These debates spilled over into Denmark and represent one of the signal episodes in the Danish Hegel reception. The present volume includes the main texts in this controversy. The debate was initiated by the article ?Rationalism, Supernaturalism? by the theologian Jakob Peter Mynster, who attacked Hegel?s criticism of the law of excluded middle. The poet Johan Ludvig Heiberg and the theologian Hans Lassen Martensen then came to Hegel?s defense. Also the philosopher Frederik Christian Sibbern took part in the debate, and Kierkegaard?s frequent critical discussions of mediation were significantly influenced by these debates.


"How to care for new sod" is a common question from our customers. You've invested in new sod for a new lawn, and you want to care for it properly. Houston Grass South Owner Michael Romine answers that question in this video. Call us with questions at 281-431-7441.
– How to care for new sod. I do a lot of the deliveries for us, and I get that question a lot. We also get that question a lot on the phone. Most of the time, we refer people to our website for a detailed explanation of the grass and the care. And we have it broken down into whether or not we're talking about new grass that we've just installed, or we're talking about grass that's established and it has been there for a year plus. Then we also have it broken down into different times of year, because all those things change, the answer to that question.
But if I was talking about how to care for new sod, I would say, "Okay, we've got all our grass laid. Now what?" I would say that the most important thing and the most critical thing, especially if we're talking about doing this in late spring, any time of summer, even late fall when it's still fairly hot outside, the most important thing is water. You really have to water.
It depends on whether, as far as how long, depending on if we're talking about an irrigation system, whether you have a sprinkler system, or if we're talking about watering it with a hose. But I can tell you from experience that with watering with a hose, the first couple of days, I recommend about 8 or 10 hours. What we say is you need to apply 2 inches of water to an area. And just roughly, usually with city water pressure, it takes about four hours to put out one inch of water on an area.
It is very critical that you make sure every single piece of grass receives that much water. Any piece along the edge that doesn't, the grass won't make it. One of the main things you're doing is trying to help it. The grass is in shock. We've just ripped it out of the ground, threw it on a pallet, and it travels over the road. And then you lay it down out in the sun.
So you're trying to help it recuperate from that, but also, you're trying to get rid of the air pockets that are beneath that piece of grass where the dirt meets the dirt on the bottom. If those new roots try to come out of that bottom of the piece of grass and they hit an air pocket, the roots die. So if you water properly, it sticks the grass piece good to the ground, turns both of them to mud, and kind of seals it to the ground. That's one of the main purposes for the water, as well. So the upfront watering is the most important thing. And then, again, depending on the time of year, you're talking about watering probably every other day for the first couple of weeks. Then you slowly start backing off that.
Then as far as mowing, that's probably the other question we get asked, "When can I mow?" Usually you are watering a lot that first couple of weeks, and the grass isn't really growing all that much, especially that first week. But I would say after that second week, when you start pulling the water back a little bit, you can set your mower on its highest setting, and barely just kind of knock the top of the grass off a little bit.
Then basically, what you're trying to do is encouraging it to grow out instead of up. But you certainly don't want to chop it off real short or anything like that, so keeping that mowing height up. And then you probably can go to a weekly mowing and slowly bringing it down to that three and a half, four inches or so. But keep it real tall that first mowing.
And then I'd say the third most frequent question we get is, "When can I fertilize?" Usually what we tell people to do is wait a month, as long as it's during the growing season, which means when the grass is green. Put it out there, wait about a month. After doing the watering, mowing that we talked about, you can put out a half-rate, which means turn the bag over, it says, "Put your spreader on 13," you need to put your spreader on 6 ½ or so. You want to put out a half-rate of whatever the fertilizer bag says.
The best way to determine the type of fertilizer you need to use is to do soil samples. Since most people don't take the time to do soil samples, we just recommend that you use a good, balanced fertilizer like a 15-15-15 or a 15-5-10, or something like that. It's real important to not use a fertilizer that's like the weed and feeds that have Bonus S and stuff like that. Most of those have weed killers in them, and like atrazine, and those will stunt the root growth of the new grass. So you absolutely don't want to do that.
You just want a plain old fertilizer with slow-release nitrogen. It is important to look for the slow-release nitrogen. You're not just looking for a burst of green. You're trying to feed it and give it the nutrition that it needs to get good and going. And so I would say those are probably the three most important points. And again, it does vary depending on the time of year that we're talking about. But for the most part, that covers taking care of newly installed grass.
The path to a great new lawn starts with great grass sod. Buy your grass from Houston Grass South, and you'll be buying the best grass sod sold in Houston. Our sod comes from our family grass farm in Bay City so we know how it's grown and how much care and attention goes into it. Call us at 281-431-7441 to get your questions answered and the right sod ordered for your project.


text:
The Sauber C19 was the car with which the Sauber Formula One team competed in the 2000 Formula One season.  It was driven by the experienced pairing of Mika Salo and Pedro Diniz, who had previously been teammates at Arrows in 1998.

The car proved to be reasonably competitive, but not enough to escape from the large midfield group. Salo scored six points, but could not resist an offer from the fledgling Toyota team and left after the season finished, whilst Diniz failed to score any points and was dropped at the end of the year. The team finished eighth in the Constructors' Championship – same position as in 1999, but with more points.

The team experienced one of the worst races of its F1 career at the 2000 Brazilian Grand Prix, when both cars were withdrawn from the race after repeated rear wing failures caused by the bumpy track surface.

This car introduced twin front suspension mounting pylons, a design that would be used enhanced the following year.

Complete Formula One results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)

References

C19
2000 Formula One season cars

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Calendar No. 490
107th Congress                                                   Report
2d Session                                                     107-208
INTELLIGENCE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FY 2003
July 9, 2002.--Ordered to be printed
Mr. Levin, from the Committee on Armed Services, submitted the
[To accompany S. 2506]
The Committee on Armed Services, to which was referred the
bill (S. 2506) to authorize appropriations for Fiscal Year 2003
for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the
United States Government, the Community Management Account, and
the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability
System, and for other purposes, having considered the same,
reports favorably thereon with amendments and recommends that
the bill as amended do pass.
PURPOSE OF THE BILL
S. 2506 would authorize appropriations and other matters
for Fiscal Year 2003 for intelligence activities of the United
States, including certain Department of Defense intelligence-
related activities within the jurisdiction of the Senate Armed
Services Committee.
The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence reported the
bill on May 13, 2002, and it was referred to the Committee on
Armed Services in accordance with section 3(b) of Senate
Resolution 400, 94th Congress.
SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE REVIEW
The committee has carefully reviewed the report of the
Select Committee on Intelligence (S. Rept. 107-149) and has
incorporated the relevant budget recommendations of the Senate
Select Committee on Intelligence with modifications into S.
2514, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2003, which the Senate passed on June 27, 2002.
The following explains the committee's proposed amendment
to the bill as reported by the Senate Select Committee on
Intelligence, as well as the committee's clarification to the
report issued by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.
Classified annex to the committee report
The committee has prepared a classified annex to this
report that describes other recommendations and concerns that
are classified in nature.
Preparation and submittal of reports, reviews, studies and plans
relating to Department of Defense and Department of Energy
intelligence activities
S. 2506, with its associated report (S. Rept. 107-149) and
classified annex, contains numerous provisions requiring the
preparation and submission of various reports, reviews, studies
and plans concerning all facets of U.S. intelligence
activities. Many of these reporting requirements include all,
or elements of, Department of Defense and Department of Energy
intelligence-related activities over which the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence and Armed Services Committee share
oversight. The committee believes that all relevant oversight
committees should receive these important reports, and that the
Department of Defense and the Department of Energy should be
consulted in conducting and preparing such reports, reviews,
studies and plans that involve intelligence-related activities
within these respective organizations. The committee's proposed
amendment to S. 2506, as reported by the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence, would clarify the requirement for
consultation with appropriate defense and energy officials and
ensure that all relevant oversight committees are recipients of
information on activities within their respective
jurisdictions.
Standards and qualifications for the performance of intelligence
Section 308 of S. 2506 would clarify the role of the
Director of Central Intelligence, as head of the Intelligence
Community, as the official responsible for prescribing common
standards and qualifications for individuals performing
intelligence functions throughout the Community.
The committee's proposed amendment would modify section 308
to clarify that the Director should prescribe such standards
inconsultation with those agencies whose responsibility it is to
establish standards.
Modification of David L. Boren National Security Education Program
Section 309 of S. 2506 would dramatically alter the
purpose, scope and operation of the National Security Education
Program (NSEP). The committee is concerned that insufficient
consideration has been given to the views of the President,
National Defense University, the Secretary of Defense's
designee to oversee NSEP and to chair the National Security
Education Board. The committee is also concerned that taking
action at this point in time, without the careful review and
analysis that this important subject deserves, would be
premature. The committee recommends that the conferees on this
bill consider the alternative of requiring the Secretary of
Defense, in consultation with the Director of Central
Intelligence, to conduct a study of the program and to report
to the relevant congressional committees as to whether the NSEP
is meeting its goals; whether any component of the program
should be cancelled or changed; what the benefits and drawbacks
are of the National Foreign Language Initiative; and whether
the responsibility for the program should be transferred from
the Secretary of Defense to the Director of Central
Intelligence.
Regardless of the outcome of that issue, the committee
believes that a report on conversion of funding from trust fund
to annual appropriations should consider the advisability of
such action. Accordingly, the committee's recommended amendment
to subsection (f) of section 309 would require the Secretary of
Intelligence, to report on the advisability of conversion of
funding from the National Security Education Trust Fund to
funding through annual appropriations.
Annual report on improvement of financial statements of certain
elements of the Intelligence Community for auditing purposes
Section 414 of S. 2506 would require an annual report
describing activities undertaken by the Central Intelligence
Agency, National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency
and National Imagery and Mapping Agency to ensure that agency
financial statements can be audited in accordance with Office
of Management and Budget requirements. The committee supports
efforts designed to improve the financial management of the
defense intelligence agencies.
At the same time, the committee recognizes that the
financial management systems of the defense intelligence
agencies are integrally linked to the financial management
systems of the Department of Defense and cannot be addressed in
isolation. On March 6, 2002, the DOD Comptroller testified
before the Readiness Subcommittee of the Armed Services
Committee that the root causes of DOD's financial management
problems are ``(1) the uncontrolled proliferation of antiquated
and stand alone financial management systems; and (2) the
inefficient business processes that they support.''
To address these root causes, DOD has initiated an effort
to develop an enterprise architecture to support modernization
of financial management systems and business processes. The
Comptroller General of the United States testified that DOD
should limit spending on new business data systems until this
new enterprise architecture for financial management has been
Section 1006 of S. 2514 would require the Secretary of
Defense to develop a comprehensive enterprise architecture by
March 2003 for all budgetary, accounting, finance and data
systems of the Department of Defense, and would require that
all financial system upgrades be made in compliance with the
new architecture. The committee expects the Secretary of
Defense to ensure that the defense intelligence agencies comply
with the requirements of section 1006 of S. 2514.
National Commission for Review of the Research and Development Programs
of the United States Intelligence Community
Title VI of S. 2506 would establish a National Commission
for Review of the Research and Development Programs of the
United States Intelligence Community. Section 602 of S. 2506
would establish the composition of the Commission to include 11
members.
The committee believes that the research and development
programs within the Department of Defense make a significant
contribution to the efforts of the Intelligence Community.
Specifically, it would be difficult for the Commission to
conduct a thorough review of research and development that
contribute to the Intelligence Community programs without
considering the programs funded and managed by the Department
of Defense.
Therefore, the committee's recommended amendment would
modify section 602 to add a twelfth member to the Commission,
and to identify that member as a senior intelligence official
from the Office of the Secretary of Defense, to be designated
by the Secretary of Defense.
COMMITTEE ACTION
In accordance with the Legislative Reorganization Act of
1946, as amended by the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970,
the committee approved a motion to report favorably to the
Senate S. 2506, with amendments.
The committee will publish in the Congressional Record
information on five-year cost projections when such information
is received from the Congressional Budget Office.
REGULATORY IMPACT
Paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the Standing Rules of the
Senate requires that a report on the regulatory impact of a
bill be included in the report on the bill. The committee finds
that there is no regulatory impact in the cost of S. 2506.
CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW
Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of
the Standing Rules of the Senate, the changes in existing law
made by certain portions of the bill have not been shown in
this section of the report because, in the opinion of the
Committee, it is necessary to dispense with showing such
changes in order to expedite the business of the Senate and
reduce the expenditure of funds.


text:
Walani es una ciudad censal situada en el distrito de Nagpur en el estado de Maharashtra (India). Su población es de 9393 habitantes (2011). Se encuentra a orillas del río Kanhan, a 34 km de Nagpur.

Demografía
Según el censo de 2011 la población de Walani era de 9393 habitantes, de los cuales 4949 eran hombres y 4454 eran mujeres. Walani tiene una tasa media de alfabetización del 87,07%, superior a la media estatal del 82,34%: la alfabetización masculina es del 91,75%, y la alfabetización femenina del 81,77%.

Referencias

Localidades de Maharashtra


SHL Stats. The SHL (or Swedish Hockey League, Swedish: Svenska hockeyligan) is the highest division in the Swedish ice hockey system. The league currently consists of 14 teams and was founded in 1975, and while Swedish ice hockey champions have been crowned through various formats since 1922, the title, as well as the Le Mat Trophy, have been awarded to the winner of the SHL playoffs since the league's inaugural 1975–76 season.
As of 2010–11, the SHL was the world's most evenly matched professional ice hockey league which makes it both difficult and extra interesting to bet on. SHL is the second most popular sports team league within Sweden, after the football league Allsvenskan. Check out stats from the SHL here and improve your chances to bet with success on one of the worlds best hockey leagues.


text:
Home Articles Samoa Joe Wins NXT Championship at Live Event – Good or Bad...
Samoa Joe Wins NXT Championship at Live Event – Good or Bad Idea?
Anthony Mango
Last night at a random, untelevised NXT event in Lowell, Massachusetts, Samoa Joe defeated Finn Balor to win the NXT Championship. He had failed to do so twice before at NXT TakeOver: London and NXT TakeOver: Dallas, but somehow, for this show, luck was on his side.
So was it a good idea for WWE to book this, or was it a mistake? Whether this is a legitimate plan that was set up in advance or something called on the fly, is this the course of action WWE should have gone? Let's examine both sides of the argument.
Obviously, if you're a Samoa Joe fan, you're probably elated and the rest of this article might not even matter, as it could be as simple as "yay, he won, so this is great." Even if you're not necessarily a supporter of him, there are still positives that are embedded in this situation.
First and foremost is the shock factor. One of the criticisms of house shows is that they border on the edge of uselessness. Sure, there is still value to them by allowing those wrestlers to hone their craft and test new things out as well as the audience being able to watch WWE action live, but the overall picture that is painted is that nothing important will happen. In a way, with all the rematches that take place that we've seen on television already and the predictable outcomes, it kills part of the fun. But every once in a while, something like this happens that drives up interest.
If a title as important as this can change hands at any show, suddenly the value of every live event goes up. Who cares if you're in the middle of nowhere—that could be the night where someone debuts or the course of NXT changes dramatically with a title change. Do you think any of the people in attendance last night thought they would see Joe defeat Balor to win the belt? Nope. Are they going to remember that for as long as they're friends and most likely tout that they got to see that to everyone they know? Of course.
Another benefit to this is if the injury angle turns out to not be an "angle" so much as a legitimate fact. Finn Balor going down with ankle problems likely stops him from wrestling for quite a long time and with no champion in NXT, the company would have to scramble to get someone to fill that spot. We've had tournaments as of late (and one currently going on for the Tag Team Championship title shot) so they run the risk of that being tiresome to do that again. Rushing a new champion with a battle royal or Beat the Clock challenge always feels a bit flat, too, and having a Fatal 4-Way or something along those lines would still need to be set up as well. Having Samoa Joe beat Finn Balor makes him a credible champion and allows him to fill that role with added clout having done it out of the blue.
Then again, if the injury was faked, then that could signify Balor is moving his way up to the main roster soon. With Payback coming up on May 1st and AJ Styles claiming to not be involved with Karl Anderson and Luke Gallows, perhaps Finn Balor is pulling the strings. After all, he does have ties to them and WWE has not silenced the three of them on social media referencing each other with The Balor Club. Fans could get a new stable with one of their favorites kicking ass and taking names on Monday Night Raw instead of them being separated from main roster and developmental.
Doubters of this move could start off by saying it's ridiculous to have a title change hands at a house show because so few people are there to witness it. If you had a preference, you'd likely rank in order that you'd rather see a title change happen with you in attendance, then you watching it live on television, and then the house shows come into play, with the only worse option being just a random announcement on WWE's website, which is what this amounted to for so many people.
Also, if you're not a fan of Samoa Joe, you're probably upset that he won the title to begin with. No matter what the scenario, you might think that this was a bad idea purely because having him as the champion is a mistake. Perhaps there are others that you wish could have dethroned Balor, or you merely wish Balor would have kept the title for a longer period of time in general.
And what about that injury? If that's true, Balor being off television means NXT is missing the biggest cog in its wheel. That leaves a hole that needs to be filled in regards to challengers for Joe. Right now, there aren't many babyfaces who could stand up to the challenge. Austin Aries and Shinsuke Nakamura are popular, but they are still very new, and Hideo Itami's yet to return, while folks like Apollo Crews and Sami Zayn are on the main roster. Nobody wants to see Mojo Rawley against Samoa Joe for the title at the next TakeOver, do they?
Even if Balor comes up to the main roster (which still creates a hole), that's not to say he won't get lost in the shuffle. A multitude of NXT stars have come up recently and once the injured talent starts returning, they'll have to fight for screen time with Seth Rollins, Randy Orton, John Cena and more. Dropping the title and coming up now could be a mistake for Balor where a little more patience and a main roster debut several months down the line could be something that pays off more in the end when an influx of something new needs to change things up.
Lastly, to come back around to the setting, if Balor and Joe don't have some kind of conclusion to this on WWE television, to many viewers who aren't as tapped into the internet as others, there will be a jarring transition where out of the blue, Joe is the champion at some unseen event and we're moving on to something else with no closure.
In the grand scheme of things, this is what truly matters. Even within a week, we'll have a better idea of the positives and negatives of this situation. The injury reports will come in to clarify whether or not Balor is hurt or okay, which could rule out a good portion of the negatives immediately, and the way the title change is addressed on the next episode of NXT is going to indicate the direction WWE will go with Samoa Joe's title reign.
Backstage News on Riddick Moss Being Called Up to RAW
Update on Samoa Joe Suffering an Injury During Raw
Possible Big Spoiler for Wednesday's WWE NXT
Nuufolau Joel Seanoa
Joe was previously known for his time with promotions Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and Ring of Honor (ROH). He established himself in ROH from ...


text:
Farhan Akhtar Ratna Pathak Jim Sarbh Among Other Stars Join Caa Protests In Mumbai
Farhan Akhtar, Ratna Pathak, Jim Sarbh among other stars join CAA protests in Mumbai.
Various stars joined the protests happening in Mumbai against CAA.
by Apoorv Shandilya | December 21, 2019 10:09 IST
Citizens, mostly students all around the country have been protesting against the CAA (Citizenship Amendment Bill) and its discriminatory laws. The protest has also taken shape all over social media. Bollywood celebrities also expressed concern over social media. While stars like Hrithik Roshan, Kangana Ranaut, and even Rajnikant spoke of maintaining non-violence throughout the protests. Other stars joined in the mass protest.
In the last few days, Farhan Akhtar took to social media to vocally express his support and later even showed up at one of the protests. Other stars like Ratna Pathak and Jim Sarbh also joined in the protests later on.
Farhan Akhtar also took to Twitter to express his gratitude for Mumbai police for their effective crowd control. The actor wrote, "Well done Mumbai on a peaceful protest today and a special shout out to the @MumbaiPolice for overseeing the safety and security of all gathered. #Respect"
Well done Mumbai on a peaceful protest today and a special shout out to the @MumbaiPolice for overseeing the safety and security of all gathered. #Respect
— Farhan Akhtar (@FarOutAkhtar) December 19, 2019
Huma Qureshi shared a picture of herself at the protests with a young protester and wrote, "Met this little protestor at August Kranti Maidan. The voice of people is loud and clear
Farhan Akhtar, Ratna Pathak, Jim...


Help! My event booking form has disappeared from the site!
Sign in, go to Organised events, Exhibitors.
Ensure you have clicked approve or decline against each applicant, on ALL pages in your Exhibitors list.
Your application closing date - has it arrived/gone? You can extend this by changing the Exhibitor application deadline date under the Business Details section.
or/and check the date on the Exhibitor packages section, has the Sales end date has arrived? Change the date and click save at the bottom of the page.
If a particular trade stand package is showing as Sold Out, this is because you entered a Quantity Available figure for it in the Exhibitor packages section. Alter the Qty avl and click save at the bottom of the screen - however, if you have a waiting list, it will inform all those who have wanted to apply, but could not do so due to you not having the stalls available on screen. If you only wish to have a particular trader apply call us and we can set up a special package for them until you're au fait with how to do this.
HOWEVER - please refrain from taking late applications. We cannot guarantee their card will go through, but we can provide Bacs payment for the odd one or two.


text:
@implementation SFAHttpRequestUtils

#pragma mark - Content - type : application / x - www - form - urlencoded

+ (void)addFormDataWithParameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters toURLRequest:(NSMutableURLRequest *)request {
    [request setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-type"];
    NSString *query = [self joinQueryWithDictionary:parameters];
    request.HTTPBody = [query dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}

#pragma mark - Content - type : multipart / form - data

+ (void)addMultipartDataWithParameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters toURLRequest:(NSMutableURLRequest *)request {
    NSString *boundary = nil;
    NSData *post = [self multipartDataWithParameters:parameters boundary:&boundary];
    [request setValue:[@"multipart/form-data; boundary=" stringByAppendingString:boundary] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-type"];
    request.HTTPBody = post;
}

+ (NSData *)multipartDataWithParameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters boundary:(NSString **)boundary {
    NSMutableData *result = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    if (boundary && !*boundary) {
        char buffer[32];
        for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < 32; i++)
            buffer[i] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[rand() % 16];
        NSString *random = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:buffer length:32 encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
        *boundary = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"MyApp--%@", random];
    }
    NSData *newline = [@"\r\n" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSData *boundaryData = [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"--%@\r\n", boundary ? *boundary : @""] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

    for (NSArray *pair in[self flatten:parameters]) {
        [result appendData:boundaryData];
        [self appendToMultipartData:result key:pair[0] value:pair[1]];
        [result appendData:newline];
    }
    NSString *end = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"--%@--\r\n", boundary ? *boundary : @""];
    [result appendData:[end dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    return result;
}

+ (void)appendToMultipartData:(NSMutableData *)data key:(NSString *)key value:(id)value {
    if ([value isKindOfClass:NSData.class]) {
        NSString *name = key;
        if ([key rangeOfString:@"%2F"].length) {
            NSRange r = [name rangeOfString:@"%2F"];
            key = [key substringFromIndex:r.location + r.length];
            name = [name substringToIndex:r.location];
        }
        NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"; filename=\"%@\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n", name, key];
        [data appendData:[string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
        [data appendData:value];
    }
    else {
        NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"\r\n\r\n%@", key, value];
        [data appendData:[string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    }
}

#pragma mark - URL

+ (NSString *)urlWithBase:(NSString *)root path:(NSArray *)path query:(NSDictionary *)query {
    NSMutableString *result = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:root];
    if (path) {
        if (![result hasSuffix:@"/"])
            [result appendString:@"/"];
        [result appendString:[self joinPathWithArray:path]];
    }
    if (query) {
        if (![result rangeOfString:@"?"].length)
            [result appendString:@"?"];
        else if (![result hasSuffix:@"?"] && ![result hasSuffix:@"&"])
            [result appendString:@"&"];
        [result appendString:[self joinQueryWithDictionary:query]];
    }
    return result;
}

+ (NSString *)joinPathWithArray:(NSArray *)array {
    NSMutableString *result = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];
    for (id component in array) {
        if (result.length)
            [result appendString:@"/"];
        [result appendString:[self escape:[component description]]];
    }
    return result;
}

+ (NSString *)joinQueryWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary {
    NSMutableString *result = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];
    for (NSArray *pair in[self flatten:dictionary]) {
        if (result.length)
            [result appendString:@"&"];
        [result appendString:pair[0]];
        [result appendString:@"="];
        [result appendString:[self escape:[pair[1] description]]];
    }
    return result;
}

+ (NSDictionary *)splitQueryWithString:(NSString *)string {
    NSMutableDictionary *result = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    for (NSString *pair in[string componentsSeparatedByString:@"&"]) {
        NSRange r = [pair rangeOfString:@"="];
        if (r.location == NSNotFound) {
            result[[self unescape:pair]] = @"";
        }
        else {
            NSString *value = [self unescape:[pair substringFromIndex:r.location + r.length]];
            result[[self unescape:[pair substringToIndex:r.location]]] = value;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

#pragma mark - Helpers

+ (NSString *)unescape:(NSString *)string {
    return CFBridgingRelease(CFURLCreateStringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding(NULL, (__bridge CFStringRef)string, CFSTR(""), kCFStringEncodingUTF8));
}

+ (NSString *)escape:(NSString *)string {
    return CFBridgingRelease(CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(NULL, (__bridge CFStringRef)string, NULL, CFSTR("*'();:@&=+$,/?!%#[]"), kCFStringEncodingUTF8));
}

+ (NSArray *)flatten:(NSDictionary *)dictionary {
    NSMutableArray *result = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:dictionary.count];
    NSArray *keys = [dictionary.allKeys sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
    for (NSString *key in keys) {
        id value = [dictionary objectForKey:key];
        if ([value isKindOfClass:NSArray.class] || [value isKindOfClass:NSSet.class]) {
            NSString *k = [[self escape:key] stringByAppendingString:@"[]"];
            for (id v in value) {
                [result addObject:@[k, v]];
            }
        }
        else if ([value isKindOfClass:NSDictionary.class]) {
            for (NSString *k in value) {
                NSString *kk = [[self escape:key] stringByAppendingFormat:@"[%@]", [self escape:k]];
                [result addObject:@[kk, [value valueForKey:k]]];
            }
        }
        else {
            [result addObject:@[[self escape:key], value]];
        }
    }
    return result;
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Questions are currently answered in about 17 minutes. Ask a Question.
ARE YOU 100% SURE THAT IF YOU DIED TODAY THAT YOU WOULD GO TO HEAVEN?
Ro 3:23 "For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;"
Ro 3:10 "As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one:"
This all began with the story of Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden. God created them perfect, there was no death or sorrow. God told them not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. They disobeyed God and as a result, sin entered into the world. The pain which this world sees is the result of sin.
2. BECAUSE OF OUR SINS, WE DIE BOTH SPIRITUALLY AND PHYSICALLY, BUT GOD SENT HIS SON TO TAKE OUR PUNISHMENT AND GIVE US A CHANCE NOT TO HAVE TO GO TO HELL.
Ro 6:23 "For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord."
Ro 5:8 "But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us."
Every person who has ever lived is a sinner and is not righteous because we do bad things. A sin is a crime against God, just as if you steal something at the store, it is punishable by going to jail. It's the same thing with sin. Even if we lie one time, the punishment is hell, which is a prison for those who commit crimes against God. No matter how well you live your life from then on, you have already committed a sin which will be punished if you are not pardoned. If you commit a crime, and then live as a good citizen you still will go to jail for the crime you committed. Right? Just as the president can pardon a crime so you won't go to jail, Jesus can pardon your sins so that you do not go to hell, and can go to heaven when you die.
Ro 10:9,10 "That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation."
You cannot get to heaven by being a good person, going to church, baptism or any other way other than by turning to Jesus and asking Him to Save you. While these are good things to do, some people believe that they will get to heaven if they do these things, but the bible says that there is only one way to heaven and that is through receiving what Jesus Christ did on the cross for you.
Will you do that today? If you will, you can be 100% sure that you will go to heaven when you die.
DO YOU BELIEVE THAT JESUS CHRIST DIED ON THE CROSS AND ROSE FROM THE DEAD FOR YOUR SINS? DO YOU ACCEPT WHAT HE DID FOR YOU TO PAY FOR YOUR SINS?
"Dear LORD JESUS, I believe that YOU died on the Cross and Rose from the dead for my sins. I realize that I cannot get to heaven any other way other than to trust YOU as my SAVIOR. I ask you to forgive me for my sins and take me to heaven when I die. I receive YOU as my Lord and SAVIOR. Thank You for Saving me in JESUS name amen"
If you prayed that prayer from your heart to God, and meant it with all of your heart, you are now a child of God and will go to heaven when you die.
Now that you are on your way to heaven, you should attend a bible believing church and follow in baptism..
The question is meaningless. Heaven does not even exist (nor does hell), in the first place. When I die, I simply cease to exist. Concepts like soul, heaven and hell are the relics of our ancestors' ignorance about natural forces and phenomena. Life after death is just oxymoron. Ancient man created God (actually many gods to start with) out of ignorance and built religion out of fear.
I'll have to disagree with you, anonymous. If you have any morals whatsoever (even as obvious as not murdering or stealing), there has to be some force, be it God, Allah, or any other of the various 'gods', putting that concept of morality into the human mind. I, myself, am a Christian.
Indeed Ancient man created God, many ancient man tried to search god and they 'found' them. But one thing that we have to remember. Jesus Christ is not God that people tried to search, but Jesus searched people so that we can be saved. Many people searched god and what happened? Many of them became 'god' itself. It doesn't make sense. But if God searchs us, surely He will find us.
How do you know that? Just because you can not see something or someone/place does not mean it is not there? Heaven does exist and so does Hell, and so does God. Just look at the beautiful world. The sunsets, sunrises, babies, lakes and even mountains. How can you say that God was created out of ignorance; when there is a pretty world out there. I believe in God. Jesus died for our sins and rose again, so we would not have to go to hell. You do have the right to what you believe, but I am just trying to help you.
That's nice of you anonymous. You are welcome to debate religious beliefs here, but this forum is not an appropriate place for prosthelytising and just posting up religious preachings. Thanks.
It's nice thing to have words with people. Most of the people believe on going to the heaven when they die.
And most of the scriptures tell about the heaven and the hell. A person goes to the heaven or hell decides his/her actions while he/she is alive. This the way of life.
Bible tells the soul dies but the body doesn't, but I don't agree with it because if it is so why body is lifeless when the spirit goes out of the body??? And Einstein proved ( but it is not known to the world ) the existence of the Spirit and it's world. At his late life he was practicing the Eastern kind of psychic powers and he succeeded to transform his body into the spirit.
And I'm strongly against the views of the Annonymous. Even the NASA is after this kinda psychicness and this can be possible only if the heaven/hell exists because the heaven/hell is the term derived from the spiritual kind of things.
Well, Annonymous, if you can find Einstin's book " Above Science" it'll really be great and you'll come to realize the vastness of the universe and the supernatural power.
May this New Year bring the happiness and the prosperity and the peace around the world .
The only thing I feel pretty certain of is that if there is a hell it's an awful lot like a Wal-Mart.
Okay, why do so many people think that just because there's a God, there HAS to be a Heaven and a Hell? I know some people don't believe in God, but I personally do. I'll agree with that anonymous guy that with all the beauty in the world, blah blah blah, it's impossible that everything was created out of ignorance, but I'm skeptical about the existance of Heaven and Hell. I remember Sunday school as a youth "If you're good you go to Heaven, if you're bad you go to Hell." So basically we're all children, life is December, and death is Christmas. If we want presents, we have to be 'good'. Well, you know what? We're not children. Good and Bad aren't as black and white as a lot of people make them out to be. We live in a world of confusion, and contradictions, and Jehova's Witnesses saying, "we live in a world of confusion, and contradictions, and if you listen to Us, you shall be saved".
It's easy to say what's "bad": Killing people, prostitution, stealing. Now that last one is a big one, 'stealing'. Everyone's stolen at some point in their lives. Remember when you were four-years-old and you stole a cookie when your mom said 'no'? Well, if that's all it takes to go to Hell, then I guess we're ALL going there, aren't we?
Now, anonymous, tell me, why are you so SURE that there's a Heaven and Hell? Is it too impossible to think that even though there is a God, He might just exist as the world itself, as opposed to an actual guy who created it? And as a result, when we die, we'll just dissolve into the world and become One with God? Or is it too impossible to think that reincarnation might exist? Because that makes more sense to me. We're born, we live, we die, we're born, we live, we die, etc. in many different forms? That actually makes sense, because when you look at the billions of years that God's universe has existed, it's hard to believe that he would create us to live for only 80 years or (usually) less. Now, I don't necessarily believe in reincarnation, because I have admitted to myself, "I don't know!". Nobody knows what happens! So don't pretend that you do!
When To Use What (American / English)?
If You Could, How Would You Prevent Racism?


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For the last several months, I have been privileged to work with hundreds of teachers as they unpack the Common Core State Standards. In each session, which have been held in grade level groups, we have worked through the meanings of the 8 Standards for Mathematical Practice and each time one point becomes extremely obvious. These eight standards, or measures of student behavior, are inextricably linked. It is no surprise really, as they were developed using information from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Process Standards and the National Research Council's (NRC) Strands of Mathematical Proficiency. The point is driven home, however, when teachers work through the process of identifying for themselves what each standard means and does not mean for their classroom.
(1) Conceptual understanding refers to the "integrated and functional grasp of mathematical ideas", which "enables them [students] to learn new ideas by connecting those ideas to what they already know." A few of the benefits of building conceptual understanding are that it supports retention, and prevents common errors.
(2) Procedural fluency is defined as the skill in carrying out procedures flexibly, accurately, efficiently, and appropriately.
(3) Strategic competence is the ability to formulate, represent, and solve mathematical problems.
(4) Adaptive reasoning is the capacity for logical thought, reflection, explanation, and justification.
"Sum" thing to think about!


text:
<?php

/**
 * Description of SelfAssessmentInvitationFilterService
 *
 * @author ben.dokter
 */

require_once('modules/model/queries/assessmentInvitation/SelfAssessmentInvitationFilterQueries.class.php');

class SelfAssessmentInvitationFilterService
{
    static function getEmployeesWithInvitation( $allowedEmployeeIds,
                                                AssessmentCycleValueObject $currentCycle,
                                                $returnAsString = true)
    {
        $employeeIds = array();

        $query = SelfAssessmentInvitationFilterQueries::getEmployeesWithInvitationInPeriod( $allowedEmployeeIds,
                                                                                $currentCycle->getStartDate(),
                                                                                $currentCycle->getEndDate());
        while ($employeeIdData = @mysql_fetch_assoc($query)) {
            $employeeIds[] = $employeeIdData[SelfAssessmentInvitationFilterQueries::ID_FIELD];
        }
        mysql_free_result($query);

        return $returnAsString ? implode(',', $employeeIds) : $employeeIds;
    }

    static function getEmployeesWithoutInvitation(  $allowedEmployeeIds,
                                                    AssessmentCycleValueObject $currentCycle,
                                                    $returnAsString = true)
    {
        $employeeIds = array();

        $query = SelfAssessmentInvitationFilterQueries::getEmployeesWithoutInvitationInPeriod(  $allowedEmployeeIds,
                                                                                $currentCycle->getStartDate(),
                                                                                $currentCycle->getEndDate());
        while ($employeeIdData = @mysql_fetch_assoc($query)) {
            $employeeIds[] = $employeeIdData[SelfAssessmentInvitationFilterQueries::ID_FIELD];
        }
        mysql_free_result($query);

        return $returnAsString ? implode(',', $employeeIds) : $employeeIds;
    }

}

?>


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