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Last visited: Page 17 of The Duke and I (Bridgertons 1)
The Duke and I (Bridgertons 1)
The Duke and I (Bridgertons 1) - Page 17
He could practically hear her teeth gnashing as he left.
"Penelope!"
Eloise started to jump from her seat to greet her, but Hyacinth, who was supervising the dressing of her hair, jammed her hand on her shoulder with a low, almost menacing, "Down."
And Eloise, who normally would have slain Hyacinth with a glare, meekly resumed her seat.
Penelope looked to Daphne, who appeared to be supervising Hyacinth.
"It has been a long morning," Daphne said.
Penelope walked forward, pushed gently past Hyacinth, and carefully embraced Eloise so as not to muss her coiffure. "You look beautiful," she said.
"Thank you," Eloise replied, but her lips were trembling, and her eyes were wet and threatening to spill over at any moment.
More than anything, Penelope wanted to take her aside and tell her that everything was going to be all right, and she didn't have to marry Sir Phillip if she didn't want to, but when all was said and done, Penelope didn't know that everything was going to be all right, and she rather suspected that Eloise did have to marry her Sir Phillip.
She'd heard bits and pieces. Eloise had been in residence at Romney Hall for over a week without a chaperone. Her reputation would be in tatters if it got out, which it surely would. Penelope knew better than anyone the power and tenacity of gossip. Plus, Penelope had heard that Eloise and Anthony had had A Talk.
The matter of the wedding, it seemed, was final.
"I'm so glad you're here," Eloise said.
"Goodness, you know I would never miss your wedding."
"I know." Eloise's lips trembled, and then her face took on that expression one makes when one is trying to appear brave and actually thinks one might be succeeding. "I know," she said again, a little more evenly. "Of course you wouldn't. But that does not lessen my pleasure in seeing you."
It was an oddly stiff sentence for Eloise, and for a moment Penelope forgot her own secrets, her own fears and worries. Eloise was her dearest friend. Colin was her love, her passion, and her soul, but it was Eloise, more than anyone, who had shaped Penelope's adult life. Penelope could not imagine what the last decade would have been like without Eloise's smile, her laughter, and her indefatigable good cheer.
Even more than her own family, Eloise had loved her.
"Eloise," Penelope said, crouching down beside her so that she might put her arm around her shoulders. She cleared her throat, mostly because she was about to ask a question for which the answer probably did not matter. "Eloise," she said again, her voice dropping to a near whisper. "Do you want this?"
"Of course," Eloise replied.
But Penelope wasn't sure she believed her. "Do you lo—" She caught herself. And she did that little thing with her mouth that tried to be a smile. And she asked, "Do you like him? Your Sir Phillip?"
Eloise nodded. "He's . . . complicated."
Which made Penelope sit down. "You're joking."
"At a time like this?"
"Aren't you the one who always said that men were simple creatures?"
Eloise looked at her with an oddly helpless expression. "I thought they were."
Penelope leaned in, aware that Hyacinth's auditory skills were positively canine. "Does he like you?"
"He thinks I talk too much."
"You do talk too much," Penelope replied.
Eloise shot her a look. "You could at least smile."
"It's the truth. But I find it endearing."
"I think he does as well." Eloise grimaced. "Some of the time."
"Eloise!" called Violet from the doorway. "We really must be on our way."
"We wouldn't want the groom to think you've run off," Hyacinth quipped.
Eloise stood and straightened her shoulders. "I've done quite enough running off recently, wouldn't you say?" She turned to Penelope with a wise, wistful smile. "It's time I began running to and stopped running from."
Penelope looked at her curiously. "What did you say?"
But Eloise only shook her head. "It's just something I heard recently."
It was a curious statement, but this wasn't the time to delve further, so Penelope moved to follow the rest of the family. After she'd taken a few steps, however, she was halted by the sound of Eloise's voice.
Penelope turned. Eloise was still in the doorway, a good ten feet behind her. She had an odd look on her face, one that Penelope could not quite interpret. Penelope waited, but Eloise did not speak.
"Eloise?" Penelope said quietly, because it looked as if Eloise wished to say something, just wasn't sure how. Or possibly what.
"I'm sorry." Eloise blurted it out, the words rushing across her lips with a speed that was remarkable, even for her.
"You're sorry," Penelope echoed, mostly out of surprise. She hadn't really considered what Eloise might say in that moment, but an apology would not have topped the list. "For what?"
"For keeping secrets. That wasn't well-done of me."
Penelope swallowed. Good Lord.
"Forgive me?" Eloise's voice was soft, but her eyes were urgent, and Penelope felt like the worst sort of fraud.
"Of course," she stammered. "It is nothing." And it was nothing, at least when compared to her own secrets.
"I should have told you about my correspondence with Sir Phillip. I don't know why I didn't at the outset," Eloise continued. "But then, later, when you and Colin were falling in love . . . I think it was . . . I think it was just because it was mine."
Penelope nodded. She knew a great deal about wanting something of one's own.
Eloise let out a nervous laugh. "And now look at me."
Penelope did. "You look beautiful." It was the truth. Eloise was not a serene bride, but she was a glowing one, and Penelope felt her worries lift and lighten and finally disappear. All would be well. Penelope did not know if Eloise would experience the same bliss in her marriage as she'd found, but she would at least be happy and content.
And who was she to say that the new married couple wouldn't fall madly in love? Stranger things had happened.
She linked her arm through Eloise's and steered her out into the hall, where Violet had raised her voice to heretofore unimagined volumes.
"I think your mother wants us to make haste," Penelope whispered.
"Eloeeeeeeeeeeeese!" Violet positively bellowed. "NOW!"
Eloise's brows rose as she gave Penelope a sideways glance. "Whatever makes you think so?"
But they didn't hurry. Arm in arm they glided down the hall, as if it were the church aisle.
"Who would have thought we'd both marry within months of each other?" Penelope mused. "Weren't we meant to be old crones together?"
> "We can still be old crones," Eloise replied gaily. "We shall simply be married old crones."
"It will be grand."
"Magnificent!"
"Stupendous!"
"We shall be leaders of crone fashion!"
"Arbiters of cronish taste."
"What," Hyacinth demanded, hands on hips, "are the two of you talking about?"
Eloise lifted her chin and looked down her nose at her. "You're far too young to understand."
And she and Penelope practically collapsed in a fit of giggles.
"They've gone mad, Mother," Hyacinth announced.
Violet gazed lovingly at her daughter and daughter-in-law, both of whom had reached the unfashionable age of twenty-eight before becoming brides. "Leave them alone, Hyacinth," she said, steering her toward the waiting carriage. "They'll be along shortly." And then she added, almost as an afterthought: "You're too young to understand."
After the ceremony, after the reception, and after Colin was able to assure himself once and for all that Sir Phillip Crane would indeed make an acceptable husband to his sister, he managed to find a quiet corner into which he could yank his wife and speak with her privately.
"Does she suspect?" he asked, grinning.
"You're terrible," Penelope replied. "It's her wedding."
Which was not one of the two customary answers to a yes-or-no question. Colin resisted the urge to let out an impatient breath, and instead offered a rather smooth and urbane "By this you mean . . . ?"
Penelope stared at him for a full ten seconds, and then she muttered, "I don't know what Eloise was talking about. Men are abysmally simple creatures."
"Well . . . yes," Colin agreed, since it had long been obvious to him that the female mind was an utter and complete mystery. "But what has that got to do with anything?"
Penelope glanced over both shoulders before dropping her voice to a harsh whisper. "Why would she even be thinking about Whistledown at a time like this?"
Tags: Julia Quinn Bridgertons Romance


text:
from django.apps import AppConfig

class AdminConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'ghswebsite.apps.admin'
    label = 'ghs.admin'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Kansas City, MO, November 26, 2013 /3BL Media/ The inaugural class of the Children International Inspire Award™ honorees have dedicated a total of 242 years of service to children in impoverished communities around the world.
The recipient of the International Inspire Award™ for 2013 is Pampa Sinha, a volunteer from Children International's Sahay agency in Kolkata, India. Although her daughter has graduated from Children International's program, Pampa continues her volunteer efforts by contributing to the overall program with emphasis on the organization's youth program, nutritional program and community awareness. She has volunteered with Children International for the past 15 years and was inspired by her father, a rickshaw puller. She explains that she was from a large family with extended family members living together, and although it was difficult for her father to make ends meet, "He still helped countless people without expecting a farthing in return." She volunteers so she can be like her father and "experience the same happiness and joy that my father did" by helping others.
The Inspire Award™ was designed to celebrate the outstanding contributions of volunteers who live in and are part of the impoverished communities Children International serves. These volunteers dedicate their time and energy to enhancing the lives of children in their communities.


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Q: Why is Python seemingly ignoring wildcards when extracting from a Pandas Series? I'm currently doing some data cleanup, and I'm handling a Pandas DataFrame with columns that contain numbers and strings. Some rows have a value like 012345 and others have a value what seems like Excel formatting to text (e.g. ="012345")
So consider this example series:
raw_series = pd.Series([114254, 958554, '="142142"', '="987654"', 112233])

After running the following snippet:
re_numbers = re.compile(r"([0-9]*)")
num_series = raw_series.str.extract(re_numbers)

This is the expected result:
([114254, 958554, 142142, 987654, 112233])
This is the actual result: ([114254, 958554, , , 112233])
After changing the regex pattern to this: ([0-9]{6})
I achieve the expected result. The same outcome happens when using a negated set to extract numbers (e.g. ([^="]*)) So what is happening here?

A: Here's a solution:
>>> raw_series = pd.Series([114254, 958554, '="142142"', '="987654"', 112233])
>>> raw_series.astype('str').str.extract(r"([0-9]+)")
        0
0  114254
1  958554
2  142142
3  987654
4  112233

Why does this (and your own solution) work?
Because * matches anything, including zero matches. Regular expression matches are greedy, so it will absorb all numbers as a single match, but if the first character is not a number, then the first match will be the empty match. If you had used extractall, you'd find the relevant string in later matches(*).
My solution simply demands at least one number, so the empty string will not match.
(*) Like this:
>>> raw_series.astype('str').str.extractall(r"([0-9]*)")
              0
  match
0 0      114254
  1         NaN
1 0      958554
  1         NaN
2 0         NaN
  1         NaN
  2      142142
  3         NaN
  4         NaN
3 0         NaN
  1         NaN
  2      987654
  3         NaN
  4         NaN
4 0      112233
  1         NaN

A: @0 0 beat me to it, but yes, it's because you're using the * token, which matches zero or more times.
A simple tweak to your current regex fixes everything:
import re

import pandas as pd

re_numbers = re.compile(r"([0-9]+)")

raw_series = pd.Series([114254, 958554, '="142142"', '="987654"', 112233])

match_series = raw_series.str.extract(re_numbers, expand=False)

res_series = raw_series.copy()
res_series[match_series.notna()] = match_series
res_series = res_series.astype(int)

print(f"match_series:\n{match_series}\n")
print(f"res_series:\n{res_series}")

Output:
match_series:
0       NaN
1       NaN
2    142142
3    987654
4       NaN
dtype: object

res_series:
0    114254
1    958554
2    142142
3    987654
4    112233
dtype: int64

It can, and probably should, be further improved using the information we have on the data's format. The complete pattern looks like this: =\"(\d{6})\".
import re

import pandas as pd

re_numbers = re.compile(r"=\"(\d{6})\"")

raw_series = pd.Series([114254, 958554, '="142142"', '="987654"', 112233])

match_series = raw_series.str.extract(re_numbers, expand=False)

res_series = raw_series.copy()
res_series[match_series.notna()] = match_series
res_series = res_series.astype(int)

print(f"match_series:\n{match_series}\n")
print(f"res_series:\n{res_series}")

Output:
match_series:
0       NaN
1       NaN
2    142142
3    987654
4       NaN
dtype: object

res_series:
0    114254
1    958554
2    142142
3    987654
4    112233
dtype: int64

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text:
Australian state government privatises major hospital
Margaret Rees
The Kennett government in Victoria is shortly to announce the winning bidder for the privatisation of the Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre. It is reputedly the first time anywhere in the world that a large tertiary teaching hospital is handed over to a for-profit consortium. The Austin is Melbourne's second largest hospital, with 750 beds and 4,000 staff, and accounts for 8 percent of acute hospital treatments in the state.
The Austin is an amalgamation of the former Austin Hospital, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital and Larundel, which was part of North East Metropolitan Psychiatric Services. These hospitals are to be relocated at a new 600-800 bed campus on the Heidelberg site. They will be joined by the Mercy Hospital for Women, a private Catholic hospital, which is to be moved kilometres from its present inner city site, and will continue to be run by the Sisters of Mercy. While the Kennett government claims that the project will cut costs, its budget has blown out from $150 million to more than $300 million.
The Austin is one of the most significant medical facilities in the state of Victoria. It houses the Victorian Spinal Cord Service, Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Victorian Respiratory Support Service, statewide toxicology service, statewide Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, the busiest thoracic surgery unit in Australia, a cardiac services program, the Austin Repat Cancer Centre and a centre for epilepsy and epileptic surgery.
In addition, it hosts the University of Melbourne's Joint Clinical School, six other university and TAFE schools, and nine medical research institutes, employing 600 full-time and part-time staff. Among the research centres is the Ludwig Institute, a prestigious non-profit institute for cancer research, with branches in seven countries. Others include the Brain Imaging Research Unit, the Epilepsy Research unit and the National Stroke Research Unit. Universities around the country participate in the research.
These critical centres of excellence and care, built with public money, are in jeopardy—placed in the hands of a company that must extract profit from them.
The Austin has already been deliberately run down by constant cost-cutting. Each year it is subject to 1.5 percent productivity cuts, like all hospitals. In the 1999-2000 budget this meant a $28 million cut to Victorian hospitals, as well as a $65 million cut to their staffing costs. Late last year the Austin psychology budget was cut in half, on the basis that it was not a "core business."
At the beginning of this year, the hospital was $7 million short of funds to pay salaries, and had to borrow the money from the government. This was translated to service cuts, including restrictions on elective surgery for several months. The already lengthy waiting lists blew out by more than 800 patients. At the start of the year the hospital administration also announced 170 job cuts, on top of years of cuts through amalgamations.
The Liberal government initially announced the Austin privatisation in October 1996, as part of the Metropolitan Health Care Services Plan. This restructure of Melbourne's hospital system allocated to regional health care networks the task of closing hospitals, as well as amalgamating acute care and selected psychiatric services. The North Eastern Health Care Network proved unequal to its task. It was closed down after it produced a report opposing the privatisation of the Austin. The government took legal action to ensure the report remained confidential, particularly the section dealing with estimated staff losses.
The government plans to sign a contract with a private operator on a build-own-and-operate basis for an initial period of 20 years. The contractor will enter into agreements to service public patients under licence within the Commonwealth-state Medicare agreement.
Favoured bidder to run the privatised Austin is the A&R Consortium. The other contender is the Sisters of Charity, which runs St Vincents Hospital, which in 1996 narrowly averted a relocation by the government to the outer eastern suburbs of Melbourne. A&R primarily consists of two for-profit hospital chains—Mayne Nickless Health Care, the largest in Australia with 3,777 beds and 17 percent of market share nationally, and Ramsey Health Care, the third largest with 1,516 beds and 6.8 percent of the market.
A&R also includes the Inner Eastern Health Care Network, headed by company director Graeme Samuel. Inner Eastern, which runs the Alfred Hospital, the largest hospital in Melbourne, has previously closed down the suburban Burwood hospital, as well as relocating and amalgamating several others.
Inner Eastern CEO Simon Blair last year spent a week with a World Bank team discussing comparable privatisations internationally. After his discussions, he boasted that Victoria is leading the world in privatising core government health care. Private institutions run teaching hospitals in the US and elsewhere, but these are not for-profit organisations.
State Health Minister Rob Knowles said Inner Eastern's involvement in the A&R consortium provides the experience to guarantee that the privatised Austin will run properly. This claim was contested by Professor Colin Johnson, an eminent doctor who has just retired as professor of medicine at the University of Melbourne and the Austin. "It's the biggest conflict of interest I have ever seen," he told the Age newspaper. If you go and speak to the people at the Alfred, they don't want it (the privatisation)." He said the hospital's experience was vested in its staff, not the corporate executives.
The Age acknowledged that unlike Johnson, most senior Austin staff have been intimidated by the government and fear they will lose their jobs if they oppose the privatisation. The government has imposed tight censorship, on the pretext of protecting commercial confidentiality.
Among staff there is widespread concern that the hospital's teaching and research functions will receive short shrift, given the priorities of a for-profit health company. The government set up an Infrastructure Investment Unit (IIU) to oversee hospital privatisations. It has itemised equipment and services at the Austin, with only cursory summaries of research projects, in order to prepare the project brief for the bidders. Austin staff fear that the IIU has designated the pediatric unit as "non viable."
IIU head Lynton Ulrich stated at a conference in October 1998 that companies would be able to establish private hospitals devoted to maximising profit alongside the ones where they provide treatment for public patients. "The private hospital will be the one that will be having perhaps Skychannel, TAB (betting facilities) and champagne, whereas you won't get that unless you pay for that in the public wing," he said.
Mayne Nickless already runs a private hospital on the same site as the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Such arrangements enable companies to use expensive medical equipment for their private patients at public expense.
The IIU gained crucial experience by setting up the privatisation of two rural hospitals, the Latrobe Regional Hospital and Mildura Base Hospital. These are now privately-owned hospitals servicing public patients—for 20 years in the Latrobe Valley and 15 years at Mildura.
The most revealing aspect of these precursors to the Austin privatisation is the way the government neutralised opposition from hospital staff by obtaining agreements with the trade unions. On May 26 this year, Knowles stated in parliament that the Mildura and Latrobe Valley privatisations were test cases for obtaining agreements with the unions. "The government believes it has established a sound basis for the transfer through the agreement reached with the Trades Hall Council (THC) on the Latrobe Valley Hospital... The government has also reached agreement with the Trades Hall Council regarding the redevelopment of a new hospital in Mildura and it is keen to reach a similar agreement for the redevelopment of the Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre."
The IIU negotiated a Memorandum of Understanding with the Victorian THC and all affected trade unions and industry groups represented at the Mildura hospital. The memorandum included a mechanism for staff redundancies and pledged a "smooth transition from public to private sector employment".
Furthermore the unions agreed to drive up productivity to increase the company's market share. The Health Services Union of Australia No 1 and Mildura Private Hospital agreement of May 6, 1998 committed the union to "create an environment whereby enterprises will further invest in future growth and development of the Hospital, which is a critical factor for medium to long term viability."
The 1998-99 Latrobe agreement, known as AHC (Latrobe) and HSUA Health Services Professionals Agreement said employment in the hospital was contingent on fluctuations in the market, and the unions promised to enforce downsizing: "Employment offers by AHC (Latrobe) Pty Ltd have been made with the intention of establishing the new hospital with a viable staffing level where subject to sudden or unpredictable changes in revenue, jobs can be sustained in the longer term."
These blueprints for the agreement at the Austin indicate the real nature of the recent industrial campaign waged by 10 THC-affiliated unions over the Austin privatisation. The unions do not oppose the government's framework but are seeking to ensure their own places in the process, as at Latrobe Valley and Mildura.
In the campaign for tomorrow's state election, the Labor Party is also claiming to oppose the Austin privatisation. But Labor's policies provided the foundations for the Liberals. In the early 1990s the federal Keating Labor government handed over Heidelberg Repatriation hospital to the state Liberal government (and in Western Australia and Queensland handed over two veterans hospitals to Ramsey Health Care on 10-year leases).
Moreover, Labor's federal health minister Brian Howe planned the amalgamation of the psychiatric hospitals near the Austin Hospital, including Larundel. And the former state Labor government of Joan Kirner planned the closure of the region's hospitals, in what was designated the Bell St Corridor, paving the way for the Liberals to continue the process. The Liberals learnt from Labor that the key to closures lay in dealing directly with the unions in order to suffocate the opposition of staff and residents.
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My sophomore year of college Adriana and I got an apartment together along with a friend of her's from Pacific University. I was excited to be living out of the dorms, and our apartment was really cute. Adriana and I weren't all that close at the time, but she was a patient friend, and a good reminder of Christ in my life at the time. This was a year that I chose other things over God. This was a year that I made poor choices, but I also found that no matter how far I tried to run from my Father in Heaven, I could never get out of arms way. This was also the year that my anxiety attacks were the strongest and most frequent in my life, but they were something I struggled with alone. I told no one. No one understood them, but Jesus. I think these panic attacks were actually reminders that I needed Christ more than I tried to admit. Danielle finally got me to sign up for Summer Staff out at Washington Family Ranch for the summer. This is when I decided it was time to turn to Jesus rather than run from him. Adriana and I started hanging out outside our apartment, and our friendship grew quickly as we laughed together and confided in one another. I worked for the OSU baseball team in the Spring and watched alot of baseball with Jessica. My sophomore year was a tough year, lots of lessons learned, but God was never more present in my life, and taught me that I needed to trust him above all else. He wasn't going to give up on me no matter how much I pushed him away. Enjoy the photos!
This is very inspiring Katie. To hear you strive to strengthen your walk with Christ motivates me to as well.


Well it certainly feels like October flew by, doesn't it?! Like post people, I absolutely love the season of fall. Even if the temperatures stayed warmer for longer than I would have liked, there are still so many changes that spur wonderful conversation in the classroom!
Of course, a big part of October is Halloween and the kids get so excited, which makes me excited too! In order to celebrate, I decided to cater this week's Think it Through activity to the spirit of the occasion!
*Pause* Think It Through activity? What's that? Good question! I am not sure about you, but I sometimes find myself challenged by the new Kinder program. Don't get me wrong, I love it- but it requires a new approach to teaching which can, at times, prove to be challenging. It requires a degree of hands off in order to foster the "child lead learning". It requires teachers to knowingly take a step back and allow the students to work through the activities on their own. Teachers need to work at suppressing some deeply ingrained impulses to readily help students and offer them solutions to their learning processes. *Enter Think It Through Activity* This kind of activity really helps the teacher to follow through and practice the attitude of child lead learning. The teacher writes out instructions in the most simplest form, as a class, you go through each of them so that they all understand what each step says. Then…. they do it. With no intervention from the teacher (unless safety is an issue of course!).
I prepared the materials for the students; I had the orange and yellow paint in a bowl, but not mixed. Step 1: Mix orange and yellow paint and make a circle.
I had already cut out pieces of black and white construction paper in order to save time, but simply gave them to the students once everyone had completed Step 1 and we took away all of the paint and brushes.
Step 2: Use construction paper to make eyes, a mouth and some teeth. How many eyes? Don't know…. How many teeth? Up to you!
Step 3: Glue the face on your pumpkin and add a stem!
I ended up loving this activity. It was so telling about all the students in various ways! The activity helped me see how my students interpreted information. Which students needed to constantly ask for clarification, who was looking over at their neighbour and following their lead? Who was working completely independently? It was a great formative assessment activity! Watching how students worked and processed instructions helped me understand the strengths and needs of my students in order to plan where I needed to go in my teaching moving forward.
My favourite part however, was hanging all of the creations and seeing how different each and everyone turned out. It is my favourite wall in the classroom!
Have you done a Think It Through Activity before?


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text:
Sample text for The last wife of Henry VIII / Carolly Erickson.
Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog
Copyrighted sample text provided by the publisher and used with permission. May be incomplete or contain other coding.
My earliest memory is of a windswept plain in flanders called the Golden Valley. I was seven years old, a blue-eyed, fair-haired child in the retinue of Queen Catherine, and I rode into the valley on the back of a small cart filled with trunks and baskets and cages of squawking chickens and ducks. A light rain was falling, I remember, and I put up the hood of my cloak to cover my head.
As we trundled and rattled down through the hills the rain suddenly ceased and the sun came out. I could see the entire plain spread out before me, with the little town of Ardres beside the river on one side of the valley and the smaller settlement of Guines on the other side. Rows and rows of tents had been erected near each of the towns and a huge tent of gold cloth with a shiny statue atop it loomed over them like a broody mother hen over her chicks.
It was near sunset and the late afternoon sun struck the golden tent and turned it to fire, its red-gold glow spilling out over the nearby rooftops and gilding the river water. As I watched, all the windows in a nearby stone pavilion began to glow red, reflecting the setting sun, and I thought to myself, this must be the most beautiful sight I have ever seen.
I thought the grand display in the Golden Valley quite wondrous, but to my mother, who was a thrifty woman, it was an excuse for waste.
"I'm glad your father didn't live to see this," she remarked to me the following day, after we were settled into our lodging in Guines. "These two kings, Francis and Henry, are spending a fortune to impress each other. So much silk and brocade, so many feathered plumes and perfumed gloves and jeweled buckles. Why, our King Henry alone bought five hundred ells of fine Italian cloth of gold just to line his tent. There is so much of the stuff in view that the townspeople are calling this the Field of Cloth of Gold."
"Father, if he were here, would be wearing his best velvet doublet and his gold chain of office." My father had been controller of King Henry's household until his death three years earlier, and had been responsible for paying out all the expenses and wages. I remembered him as a vigorous, forceful man who loved his finery and took any excuse to wear it.
"Yes but he would have grumbled about the king's excesses at the same time. Now that he is gone, there is no one but Cardinal Wolsey to check the royal extravagance. And everyone knows how prudent the cardinal himself is with money."
I smiled. Even I, at seven years old, knew that the cardinal threw gold coins to beggars when copper would have been lavish and wore ermine-lined cloaks that were finer than the king's own. We all were in awe of Cardinal Wolsey.
"Now, Cat, I want you to remember what I told you. I will present you to Queen Catherine, you will kneel and be silent. She will bless you and smile, as she always does with children. She loves children. If you must speak, say only 'May God keep your royal highness.' Have you got that?"
"Yes, mother. 'May God keep your royal highness.'"
"Now, remember. No matter what others are here for, I have brought you with me to this place for one purpose only: to find a husband for you, and to arrange for your betrothal. When the queen requires my presence, I will serve her. The rest of my time I will devote to you."
She looked at me critically, smoothing down my hair and centering the pendant cross that hung from my gold necklace over my breastbone.
"Turn around."
I turned slowly.
"You'll do." She allowed her face to relax and smiled at me and kissed my cheek. "We'll make a fine match for you. One your father would have been proud of. You were his favorite, you know."
She took me by the hand and led me to where a groom was waiting with horses. A strong wind whipped at our cheeks as we rode to the newly built tilting ground where under a bright red awning trimmed in gold Queen Catherine sat with her ladies, doing her best to look content and interested in the spectacle before her though the weather was very cold and we all wished we were indoors by a warm fire. Coals burned in open braziers but the fires did nothing to alleviate the chill. As we approached the queen I could see that she kept her hands under a fur lap-robe and when she lifted one hand and delicately wiped her mouth her finger-ends were blue.
I had often seen Queen Catherine before, but had never been formally presented to her. My mother had been one of the queen's ladies-in-waiting for as long as I could remember. I thought she was the most beautiful of them, with her rich red hair and white skin and wide mouth, though I had to admit that Maria de Salinas, a striking brunette, was at least equally lovely. Queen Catherine was a small woman whose reddish-blond hair had begun to go gray and whose fair skin was wrinkled around the eyes and mouth. Her expression in repose was severe—I had often seen that, when I accompanied my mother to mass with the queen or when I entered a room where the ladies-in-waiting were and the queen was among them, reading. Yet when she smiled that severity melted and she looked quite joyful. I watched that transformation now as she saw my mother approach, with me in tow.
"So this is your little girl," she said, quite informally, holding out both hands to me and smiling.
"Yes, your majesty."
I knelt before her and bowed as my mother had told me to do and the queen placed her hands on my shoulders.
"Bless you, child. What is your name?"
"Cat. Catherine. I was named for you, your majesty."
"Well then, little namesake, stand up and let me take a look at you."
She regarded me gravely, and I felt kindness in her regard, not the harsh scrutiny I often felt from other adults. I was used to being stared at and judged. I knew very well that my worth, as a girl, lay in my appearance. And I knew that I was thought to be a pretty little girl.
"Has she any dowry?" Queen Catherine asked my mother.
"Only a modest one. Four hundred pounds."
"She has her looks, and her mother's royal blood, and the sponsorship of the queen—"
My mother curtseyed deeply. "Thank you, your majesty."
It was true, I was of royal descent. My mother's mother's family, the Fitzhughs, claimed as an ancestor John of Gaunt, a son of King Edward III. Though as I knelt before Queen Catherine, I felt very sharply aware of the difference between us. Her mother had been the great Queen Isabella of Castile, conqueror of the Moors and, with her husband Ferdinand of Aragon, uniter of all Spain. It had been Queen Isabella who sponsored the voyages of the Italian Cristobal Colon, the man who claimed the new lands of the Americas for Spain. Catherine was indeed a highborn queen, and she was honoring me with her recommendation.
"Ah, I see that my lord is ready to begin the joust." Catherine stood, her attention on the tiltyard, where a crowd had been gathering to watch the competition. A wide expanse of barren ground had been fenced off, the fencing decorated with bright red and blue banners and the heraldic shields of England and France. Pennons flew in the wind atop tall poles. Down the middle of the fenced-in area ran a long wooden barrier. Riders approached each other from opposite ends of the field, on opposite sides of the barrier. Using long wooden lances with blunt ends, each attempted to knock the other off his horse. It all took much strength and skill, and the champion of the tiltyard was always the hero of the court.
A loud blast of trumpets and even louder noise from the crowd of onlookers announced the start of the tilting.
With a thunderous pounding of hoofs an immense dun-colored stallion, mane and tail flying, galloped down the length of the wooden barrier as the onlookers shouted and cheered. The rider, his face hidden behind the lowered visor of his gilded and plumed helmet, was an outsize man with a broad, strong frame and powerful legs. He dipped his lance to the cheering spectators, then rode back to the starting point.
"It is the king! It is the king!"
I was so caught up in the excitement that I almost forgot where I was, and began jumping up and down. I felt a restraining hand on my shoulder and heard my mother whisper loudly, "Look at the princess! See how well behaved she is!"
I glanced over to where the blond, delicate four-year-old Princess Mary rested in the arms of Maria de Salinas, her eyes bright and intent on watching her magnificent father but her body obediently still. She was well trained to keep her composure and her quietness put me to shame.
But then, Princess Mary was the heir to the throne. If Queen Catherine had no son—and I had heard my mother and the other ladies-in-waiting say quietly to one another that she would not—then Mary would be the next ruler of England. No wonder she was so well behaved and dignified. She would one day be queen.
A second rider had now made his appearance and was introducing himself to the crowd. He was the great French champion the Sieur de Chatelherault, and I heard his name murmured through the mass of spectators as he rode up and down along the barrier as the king had, making his splendid warhorse sidestep and toss his head proudly.
In a moment the herald stepped forward and announced the first test of arms. Now the onlookers fell silent, watching the two riders take their places at opposite ends of the lists, adjust their visors and lower their wooden lances. At a signal they spurred their mounts forward and, amid much spewing of mud clumps and churning of earth, the horses flew toward one another and the riders took aim with their long lances.
There was a tremendous crash as the lances splintered with the impact of the two hurtling combatants—and then it was over, the French champion in his black and silver armor lay struggling on the ground, his mount shying and snorting.
The crowd roared "King Henry! King Henry!" again and again, and the king, who appeared unshaken by his clash with the Frenchman, raised his visor and waved, smiling to the entire assembly before resuming his place at the end of the field.
Another challenger was brought against him, and then another. Each time my heart beat quickly and I feared for King Henry's safety. Yet each time he thundered along the barrier, lance held securely, and unhorsed his opponent while evading being unhorsed himself.
His strength was prodigious, and his stamina even more so. I cannot now remember how long I stood watching, open-mouthed and in awe, but it seemed like a very long afternoon. Finally the herald announced the winner, in a voice that trembled with emotion: "King Harry the Eighth of That Name, champion!"
Yet another deafening cheer rose from hundreds of throats, and the champion made his tired mount trot up and down the tiltyard one last time while flowers were thrown in his path and tributes called out. Diverging from his path down the center of the jousting field, he turned his horse in the direction of a richly dressed young woman who stood in one of the royal pavilions adjacent to Queen Catherine's. As we watched, the woman held out a square of shimmering blue silk and he reached up and took it from her, kissing it and attaching it to his armor where it fluttered conspicuously against the gleaming silver metal.
I saw that the queen had been holding out a square of red silk, no doubt expecting the king to take it and wear it. When she saw him take the other woman's token she quickly withdrew her outstretched arm and handed the red silk square to my mother, who tucked it discreetly into the pocket of her gown.
"Why didn't the king wear the queen's token?" I asked my mother, who put her finger to her lips to silence me. Later, at the lavish banquet the king held to celebrate his victory, I had my answer.
In the torchlit banqueting hall of his newly built palace, King Henry gave a feast that night for the French king Francis that surpassed any feast I had ever attended. Long dining tables were heaped with platters of roast beef and pork, swan and pheasant, succulent puddings and towering miniature castles made from spun sugar and filled with marzipan and sweet comfits. The wine flowed freely and many toasts were offered to the jousters and their ladies.
I observed that Queen Catherine sat with the French Queen Claude and her ladies, not with King Henry. He sat at a table apart from all the others, the French king in the place of honor on his right hand but on his left, the young woman who had given him the square of blue silk.
She was very beautiful in her gown of deep red velvet, her abundant hair held back by a headdress that sparkled with gems. As if she did not have enough finery already, I saw the king slip an emerald ring on her finger, and her smile, when she looked over at him, was one of gratitude combined with deep pleasure and satisfaction. It was the smile of a woman who has achieved what she wants, and is well pleased with it.
I saw that several of the French ladies were looking over at Henry and his attractive companion and talking to one another about her. I had been instructed in French since I began my studies at the age of four, and I understood quite a bit of what they said. The woman's name was Bessie Blount, and she had been King Henry's mistress for several years. Evidently the king preferred her company to that of his wife.
One of the French ladies seemed to be staring at Bessie with fascination. She interested me because she spoke both French and English, and because I enjoyed watching her dance. She was graceful, she dipped and swayed to the music as if dancing rather than walking was her natural form of movement.
"That is Lady Elizabeth Boleyn's daughter, Anne," my mother told me. "She lives at the French court. She is one of Queen Claude's maids of honor. I suppose she will marry a Frenchman."
"She doesn't look like the others."
"No. She has a wild, gypsy look about her. Such dark skin and those black eyes. Unfortunate really. Still, I suppose some Frenchman will have her—if her dowry is high enough."
Later that evening my mother discussed my dowry with a tall, spare old man who leaned on his cane and looked at me carefully as they conversed, as if examining a painting. I looked back. After a time he smiled.
"She has heart, your daughter. Not one girl in twenty would look back at an old man like me in that unflinching way."
"She is her father's daughter, Lord Scrope. My late husband, Thomas Parr, as you may remember, was a valiant fighter. He fought at the king's side against the French here in Flanders some years ago. And he was a fearless rider and hunter."
"So he was. Can she ride?"
"I am told I ride well for my age," I said. "And I am learning to shoot. And to dance."
I could see that Lord Scrope was amused at my very forthcoming response. His eyes twinkled.
"We will have to talk further," he said to my mother. "Perhaps something can be arranged. It is a possibility." And he took himself off, limping on one leg and leaning heavily on his cane.
I have many memories of the Golden Valley. How the wind blew so hard that the horses lost their way, blinded by the dust in their eyes. How King Francis was injured while competing in the tiltyard and had to wear an eyepatch over his bloodshot right eye. I remember Queen Catherine, when she thought no one could see her, crying quietly into her handkerchief and then drying her eyes and crossing herself. But most of all I remember King Henry, splendid in his suit of dazzling cloth of gold, a gold cloth cap on his head with a white feather plume, laughing and joking with Bessie Blount and his friends.
One night the French king gave a reception for the English courtiers in his huge silken tent and King Henry arrived late, making a great noise as he burst into the midst of the gathering. In his arms he carried a sturdy baby boy, dressed exactly as he himself was dressed in a small suit of cloth of gold with a feathered cap. The king went from one guest to another, showing off the baby to each of them in turn and asking, "Isn't he a fine boy, this son of mine? Truly England never had a more handsome prince." The baby, bounced up and down too often by his energetic father, or frightened by the sight of so many strangers, turned down the corners of his mouth and began to cry.
I looked at my mother questioningly. "But I thought Queen Catherine only had a daughter, Princess Mary."
"Yes," my mother answered through clenched teeth. "She does."
"Then who is this boy?"
"He's the son of Bessie Blount. Now, bow to King Henry and say nothing."
I obeyed. We bowed low to the king as he passed, smiling and chortling over his boy. He moved on, and I watched his retreating figure, thrilled to have been so near to him, honored that he should glance in my direction, and above all puzzled that with such a lovely wife and well-behaved daughter he should show such a marked preference for a mistress and a bastard son.
Copyright © 2006 by Carolly Erickson. All rights reserved.
Library of Congress subject headings for this publication:
Catharine Parr, -- Queen, consort of Henry VIII, King of England, -- 1512-1548 -- Fiction.
Great Britain -- History -- Henry VIII, 1509-1547 -- Fiction.
Queens -- Great Britain -- Fiction.


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World Record Pterosaur Discovery: 215 Eggs From This Flying, Dinosaur-Era Reptile Recovered in China
In prehistoric times, winged reptiles soared high above the dinosaurs. Like birds, they laid eggs, gathered food and fed their flightless offspring. For most of history, we didn't know much about their eggs, or the babies inside them, because paleontologists had found only eight eggs that weren't completely flattened.
But now, thanks to a deposit found in China, paleontologists have hundreds to study. Research about the find was published in the journal Science.
Pterosaurs
An illustration of the pterosaurs Hamipterus tianshanensis, showing sexual dimorphism between the male, top, and the female, bottom. Reconstruction by Zhao Chuang.
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Due to a weather-related event in the early Cretaceous, dozens of bones and hundreds of eggs of the same species were collected at the same spot in China. The spot is a veritable Eden of pterosaurs.
With adult skeletons and at least 215 eggs recovered at the site, paleontologists are just beginning to uncover new knowledge about these flying beasts of the sky. So far, the paleontologists have discovered that 16 of the eggs had the remains of embryos within them.
These animals belong to the dinosaur-like winged creatures called "pterosaurs." Pterodactyl is most famous pterosaur, but it's a diverse group, including animals from the size of seagulls to the size of small planes. The deposit found in China includes only one species, and that is a particularly odd species, Hamipterus tianshanensis.
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pterosaureggs
Hundreds of pterosaur bones on the surface, demonstrating the richness of these sites. Alexander Kellner (Museu Nacional/UFRJ)
Unlike modern birds, many pterosaurs, like H. tianshanensis, had lots of sharp teeth. They were also "sexually dimorphic," like many birds, meaning that the males and females looked different. The males had notable protrusions on their noses, possibly to help attract females.
The scientists don't believe that the site they recovered was a nest because the eggs were scattered around randomly, unlike the careful nests that dinosaurs and birds keep. Furthermore, the eggs were a wide variety of sizes, indicating that they had been laid at different times by different animals. Unfortunately, that means that they don't know how many eggs each female would lay per clutch, nor how they were organized. They suspect that a flood of some sort washed the eggs downstream to a spot where they all rolled to a stop.
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By examining the embryonic remains from the pterosaurs, the paleontologists were able to better understand the early life of these flying creatures.
"We learned a lot," Alexander Kellner, a paleontologist with Laboratório de Sistemática e Tafonomia de Vertebrados Fósseis, told Newsweek. "For example, the bones associated with wings were less developed compared to the embryos development with their legs. So what we could learn from that? That most pterosaurs, when they hatched, they could walk, but they could not fly, so most likely they needed some parental care."
insideegg
Inside one of the eggs that contained remains of a pterosaur embryo. Alexander Kellner (Museu Nacional/UFRJ)
While this deposit gives paleontologists a lot to work with, they note that there could be even more. They have counted 215 visible eggs, but they say that more eggs buried beneath them could bring the total to 300. Perhaps there are even more nearby. They scientists didn't have time to examine every egg. They had opened only 40 to find out if there were embryonic remains inside, and Kellner said CT scans are only somewhat useful.
"We want to find more eggs to make a much more detailed picture of embryonic development," Kellner said. "So we are quite excited about that.... I'm quite certainly sure that there must be more embryos there."
This article was first written by Newsweek
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Senator Ben Sasse (R., Neb.) warned on Tuesday that the U.S. is not taking China's actions against Uyghur Muslims seriously enough. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced earlier in the day that the U.S. will classify China's treatment of Uyghurs as a "genocide." China operates a network of internment camps where over a million Uyghurs are imprisoned, and the Chinese government has implemented a program of forced sterilizations for Uyghur women. Sasse said that the genocide designation came "late," and implied that both the Trump administration and incoming Biden team have not done enough to confront China. "This decision is good and right, but it's late. The United States isn't taking the Uyghur genocide seriously." Sasse said in a statement. "A lot of folks in the Trump Administration wanted to talk about China primarily in terms of a trade deficit, and a lot of folks in the Biden Administration want to talk about China as merely a competitor." Sasse added, "The Chinese Communist Party is a genocidal dictatorship and Chairman Xi [Jinping] is evil. The United States has an obligation to meet this challenge head on and take the side of the Uyghurs in Xinjiang who are raped and tortured." China also reportedly uses Uyghurs and other Muslims for forced labor, including harvesting cotton in Xinjiang Province. U.S. Customs and Border Patrol banned the importation of cotton from Xinjiang last week. The province is the source of 20 percent of the world's supply of raw cotton. Earlier on Tuesday, Biden's nominee for Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines told senators that she supported an "aggressive" stance toward China. "Our approach to China has to evolve and essentially meet the reality of the particularly assertive and aggressive China that we see today," Haines said. "I do support an aggressive stance, in a sense, to deal with the challenge that we are facing."
Tam Dinh Pham of the Houston police department was part of the deadly mob that stormed the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6. A veteran Houston police officer is in trouble after attending the U.S. Capitol riots in Washington, D.C., then lying about it. Officer Tam Dinh Pham joined the deadly mob that stormed the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6.
Vice President Mike Pence will be returning to his southern Indiana hometown Wednesday afternoon following the inauguration of President-elect Joe Biden. The Republican former Indiana governor and his wife Karen are expected to attend Biden's inauguration and will then fly into the Columbus Municipal Airport, where they will be greeted by some supporters, the Indiana Republican Party said Tuesday. Pence grew up in Columbus and some family members still live there.
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Constitutionally-speaking, Chief Justice John Roberts is meant to preside over President Trump's impeachment trial, but he apparently wants out, Politico reports.Multiple Republican and Democratic sources have reportedly told Politico that Roberts is seeking a way to avoid the job because of how things played out when he oversaw Trump's first impeachment trial last year. Roberts, Politico notes, has worked hard to keep the Supreme Court apolitical during his tenure, so he was reportedly displeased that he "became a top target of the left" during the proceedings. "He wants no further part of this," one source told Politico, although there's been no official word from Roberts' camp about what he'll ultimately do.Trump's trial is a bit of a constitutional oddity. On the one hand, it's a presidential impeachment, but on the other hand, the trial will take place after he leaves office, which is why there's a chance Roberts may have some wiggle room. Historically, either the vice president or the longest-serving member of the Senate have taken up the mantle for lower-level impeachments, per Politico. That means Vice President-elect Kamala Harris or Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.) could be the choice. Read more at Politico.More stories from theweek.com 5 more scathing cartoons about Trump's 2nd impeachment Trump is reportedly just going up to people and asking if they want a pardon Lindsey Graham seemed very pleased with Biden's secretary of state nominee
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In this episode we are continuing with a topic we first explored in episode 46: Post Incarceration Employment and Rehabilitation. Dominique Gilliard and Colleen discuss mass incarceration and prison reform. Dominique DuBois Gilliard is the Director of Racial Righteousness and Reconciliation for the Evangelical Covenant Church (ECC). He is the author of Rethinking Incarceration: Advocating for Justice that Restores. Dominique and Colleen discuss the many different aspects at play when it comes to issues in our prison system, solutions that can chip away at these injustices and some countries that are having success at restorative justice.


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I would definately recommend this beautiful product, it has everything you would hope for in a liquid liner, it's long lasting, doesn't smudge and is gentle on the skin.
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'That's the America I know' : An Exclusive Interview with Congressman Ted Lieu
By Allyson Roche in Interviews, News February 14, 2018
By Allyson Roche and Terry Ayzman
U.S. Congressman Ted Lieu never set out to resist President Donald Trump. With over half a million twitter followers, he has become one of the leading voices in the #RESIST movement, an organized effort to oppose President Trump's agenda.
"The reason I'm in politics I think has to do with how I came here," Congressman Lieu said on a bright Thursday afternoon in his Los Angeles office, in California's 33rd congressional district. The representative is an immigrant, who settled in Cleveland with his family when he was a young child. His parents began selling gifts and jewelry at flea markets, and as their success grew, they opened up six stores in shopping centers and malls. "In my mind, they achieved the American Dream…I believe I can never give back to America what this amazing country has given to me." At a young age, he realized and appreciated the opportunities that America presented, and by serving in both the military and congress, he wants to "keep this dream open for people who want to work hard and succeed."
Prior to running for office, Congressman Lieu served in the JAG Corps, the legal arm of the United States military. "I think having been in the military is helpful [to being a political leader] because you realize how dangerous some people, organizations, and countries are." Because of his experience in the military, he believes he differs from some Democrats who did not serve in that veterans like himself "are very, very cautious when it comes to use of military force."
ForthWrite Contributor Terry Ayzman (left) and ForthWrite Co-Founder Allyson Roche (right) sit down in Congressman Lieu's Los Angeles office. (Photo courtesy of Congress Lieu's office)
Although he is known on social media for his feisty tweets opposing President Trump's agenda, he says he "did not run for congress to resist the President." Shortly after Donald Trump was first elected, he issued a public statement expressing his desire for Americans to "give him a chance to govern." About two months after he made that statement, he felt his initial assessment was incorrect. "It wasn't because we disagreed on policies," he said, " it was because he was attacking the institutions of our democracy. He was attacking the first amendment, and the freedom of the press, and journalists. He was attacking the legitimacy of the judiciary. He was stifling internal descent. He was lying at a rate I've never seen a human being lie."
When President Trump issues misleading statements or lies, "it makes it so that the people sometimes have difficulty understanding what is true and what is false, and that is a danger to the republic," Congressman Lieu gradually crescendos to a rally-like phrase, "that's why I resist him."
Another reason why Congressman Lieu resists the President is due to "his attacks on this first amendment and the free press," he said. "I think the free press is one of the most important watchdogs against both private and public sector corruption and misconduct."
Congressman Lieu is a key voice in the #RESIST movement through social media. (IMAGE: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
Even with his "resisting" to the president, Lieu touts his belief in the legislative idea, rather than his absolute support for individuals. In response to President Trump's State of the Union address, Lieu said he would support "paid family leave, prison reform, and infrastructure" policies, as President Trump mentioned. These were among some of the "ideas that he had that I thought could get bipartisan support, depending on the details," Lieu stated. He highlighted the enduring infrastructure conversation as a potential example. "Last year my colleagues and I introduced a $2 trillion infrastructure plan. He talked about a $1.5 trillion infrastructure plan. There's potentially room to work together and move America forward," he added.
Just as Congressman Lieu hopes to achieve bipartisan accomplishments, he's anticipating major gains for the Democratic Party in the upcoming midterms. While President Trump's agenda seems to be progressing, Congressman Lieu said he "see[s] hope in a lot of places." He pointed to the Women's Marches and the unexpected democratic wins in Virginia's delegate elections in November.
"Seeing these amazing women's marches all across America…changed everything. And my view was, 'That's the America I know.'"
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2 Replies to "'That's the America I know' : An Exclusive Interview with Congressman Ted Lieu"
Jane Pick, Ph.D.
Thank you for a recap of your visit with one of the most respected Congressmen. As a psychologist I have never seen my patients focus on fears for our country over their personal issues. Not with Reagan, not with Bush, not with ANY president reagarless of party. The bizarre behavior we are going to keep RESISTING is relentless daily assault on good people of all backgrounds.
I have hope with people like Lieu we will find our way back to a sane, honest, moral democracy.
I trust L
JoAnn Cubberly
I was in the streets during Viet Nam…so yeah… I'm old….and I'm so so grateful to see this generation step up in such a "with it" way. We're in good hands…and I can finally exhale….thank you.


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Home International Stormy G20 ends
Stormy G20 ends
World leaders made concessions on trade and climate language to Donald Trump Saturday at the end of the most fractious and riot-hit G20 summit ever, in exchange for preserving a fragile unity of the club of major industrialised and emerging economies.
In a departure from final summit declarations that tend to outline consensus on issues that range from fighting terrorism to financial governance, the extraordinary conclusion this year spelt out differences on core issues.
It acknowledged Trump's decision to take the United States out of the 2015 Paris deal and clearly stated Washington's wish to continue using and selling fossil fuels that are a main driver of global warming.
And in one of the weekend's more bizarre scenes, Trump raised eyebrows by leaving a discussion and letting his daughter Ivanka take his place.
But the gesture opened the door for others, with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan warning that Ankara was now leaning towards not ratifying the landmark Paris climate accord.
"Where there is no consensus, the communique spelt out the discord," said host Chancellor Angela Merkel.
The declaration also stated for the first time the right of countries to protect their markets with "legitimate trade defence instruments" -- wording that essentially gives Trump wiggle room to push on with his "America First" policy.
The nationalistic stance has set him on collision course with many of America's allies, who warned Trump against an isolationist path and starting a trade war.
HAMBURG AFP
July9, 2017


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Volkswagen Golf GTI Clubsport (2016) First Drive
Ashley Oldfield
Volkswagen Golf South African car launches Car launches Home Featured General Car Hatchback
The Volkswagen Golf GTI has been upgraded for its 40th birthday so we decided to give it a quick blast around the Western Cape to see if it was worth the wait. It will only be offered for sale this year, so if you want to buy a new one, you better move quickly...
The Golf GTI has been a South African and global favourite for 40 years. As a birthday present to itself (and to satisfy legions of GTI fans), VW has produced this Clubsport edition (or Edition 40, as it calls the car in Europe). The first Golf GTI only became available in South Africa in 1982 (34 years ago), so the newcomer will officially be called the Clubsport here.
Beefier GTI
The Clubsport's engine produces quite a bit more fizz than the standard Golf GTI's powerplant. Peak outputs of 195 kW and 350 Nm are available, which stack up well against those produced by Ford, Renault and Honda's headlining hot hatches.
There's even a little bit extra available (for a total of 213 kW) if you mash the throttle all the way to the floor and engage the transmission's kickdown function. The burst of extra power is available for 10 seconds and then the Clubsport needs another 10 seconds to cool off before the extra power can be accessed again.
It certainly feels rapid in a straight line and thanks to its built-in launch control setting, the Clubsport was very nearly a match for its all-wheel-driven Golf R sibling on the drag strip. It's just that little bit of extra wheelspin from the front-wheel-drive system that hinders the newcomer's challenge to the R. Still, a 5.9-second zero to 100 kph sprint benchmark is nothing to be sneezed at.
Real downforce
The Clubsport comes with a few exterior modifications to improve its ultimate handling ability. The standard GTI has always been a very balanced and neutral car to drive quickly, but it has tended to lag behind its direct competitors at the track. The Clubsport aims to appease track-day GTI enthusiasts a little by generating real downforce. In fact, the rear spoiler consists of 2 parts that help to stabilise the car at higher speed.
There are also dive-planes on either side of the front bumper that help to push the car's front end down, which will allow the Clubsport to achieve higher cornering speeds. The suspension's springs and dampers have been enhanced to absorb road unevenness (while improving road-holding) and the final touch is the tweaked electronic XDS differential, which sends power to the wheel that will get you out of the corner fastest (and reduce a bit of understeer).
How does it drive?
After the drag strip entertainment, we were sent on a 250 km route around the Western Cape, which included some of the region's best mountain roads. The Clubsport we drove had the standard car's leather seats, but there is the option for bucket seats and they are well worth the extra money.
The Clubsport immediately feels more agile than the GTI – it's quicker to turn in and there's a distinct lack of body roll when the G-forces pile on. The car's steering ratio has been sped up around the centre and immediate turning zones so the newcomer's handling feels alive and dart-like.
The steering wheel is clad in suede with red stitching at the top making it feel like a race car's tiller when you grip the rim. The weight of the steering is perfect and there's a great connection between the front wheels and the steering that's refreshing and inspiring when you push on.
The neutral handling characteristics remain; they should save you from landing in trouble. You won't find yourself scared or overly excited by lift-off oversteer moments, however, as the Clubsport retains its GTI sibling's superb balance. It's faster and grippier than the standard car, but not as entertaining or as addictive as the Focus ST or Megane RS, however.
Where does it sit?
The GTI Clubsport brings Volkswagen's iconic nameplate back into contention as a pukka hot hatch. The Performance Pack that was added to the GTI range last year was not enough of an upgrade to really be worthwhile but, this Clubsport will satisfy most enthusiasts. It actually makes the Golf R seem a trifle heavy and lazy and, for 10 seconds, the Clubsport is more powerful than the Golf R! Despite its hefty price tag, the Clubsport is the best Golf you can buy right now.
Volkswagen has priced the Clubsport at R540 200 before options and standard with a 5-year/90 000 km service plan and a 3-year/120 000 km warranty.
Clubsport S
The good news is that the fastest front-wheel drive car to ever lap the Nurburgring is probably heading to SA. Numbers will be extremely limited, but VW SA believes we could be allocated as many as 47 units in November. It's purely a 2-door car with no aircon and no back seats either but it will smash lap times.
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Ashley has been riding or driving some sort of motorised vehicle since his 4th birthday when he got a Yamaha PW50. Equipped with years of racing experience, Ashley took up journalism and became a writer for some of South Africa's best motoring magazines and online publications. He is SA's first (and only) GT Academy winner having raced professionally overseas. He now serves as Road Test Editor at Cars.co.za, putting his wealth of racing and driving experience to good use.
Follow Ashley Oldfield on Twitter
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You know my #BeYOUtiful, I am like a bird, you see – or should I say "can you hear?" ?!
& as a free bird, I love to be in nature & if possible apply safe & environment concerned products to my body made also on earth – …I believe.
Clothes and textiles are the #1 source of primary microplastic to the oceans, accounting for 34.8% of the global total – as said by #fashionrevolution. However, I am sure that the beauty industry is contributing to this severe environment issue. As so, I am very happy to see that some beauty companies thinking about this subject & place actions in order to improve our planet & ultimately our health.
Of course, I am talking about the line I ♥ my Planet from YVES ROCHER, remember (click here)?
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ACT BEAUTIFUL is a state of mind in action!
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♦ The Concentrate of Mango & Coriander promises vitality for a full day of pleasant tasks. Plus? YES! The essential oil of coriander is said to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory properties & others. But, we must pay attention as this can vary from the origin of the oil and also all the product formulation*.
♦ The Concentrate of Bourbon Vanilla makes all of your mornings a sensual moment of re-encounters. Love it?! I Love sweet things! If you do love sweet smells this is for you! For me, this concentrate dries my skin more than the other two & I have to shower very very well! If you don't have dry skin, it might be fine for you!
♦ The Concentrate of Olive Petitgrain & Bitter Orange really makes my mind fly far….far away from the city & direct me to the enchanted woods. One of the best smells to me! They – IVES ROCHER – promise relaxing moments, well…I do feel relaxed with this gel!
**Araviiskaia E, Dréno B. The role of topical dermocosmetics in acne vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016 Jun;30(6):926-35. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13579.
I hope you loved my view on YVES ROCHER #ILoveMyPlanet! Stay #BeYOUtiful!
Assim como um pássaro livre eu gosto de estar envolvido pela natureza e usar o que é seguro de usar! Acho que a isso já estão habituados por aqui, certo pessoas lindas?! Além disso, sabem que a verdade é sempre a mais importante e temos de admitir: para termos mais produtos e melhores condições de vida tudo tem de ser produzido. Mas para balançar as coisas, aqui entram alguns factores muitos importante: ética, a segurança do produto e a protecção do ambiente (desculpem-me os outros factores por não os mencionar, não vos estou a desprezar hehe).
Por palavras coloridas, mas sentidas trago a vós - minhas pessoas lindas - a minha experiência com o uso da linha #ILOVEMYPLANET da Yves Rocher e algumas dicas ♥ Mas não se esqueçam, se tiverem algum tipo de lesão na pele ou alergia não se esqueçam de falar com aquele que mais gosta de tratar de vocês - o vosso Médico.
termos espuma durante a aplicação. A palavra-chave aqui é - EQUILIBRIO - tudo tem a sua medida certa, correcto?!
Espero que tenham gostado e que façam da vossa vida um jogo equilibrado: Relaxem (Gel Duche Concentrado Azeitona & Laranja-amarga), Sensualizem (Gel Duche Concentrado Baunilha Bourbon) e Muita Garra (Gel Duche Concentrado Manga & Coentro) para as vossas vidas e sonhos!


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Why ain't causal decision theorists rich? Some speculations
Note added on 24 June 2018: This is an old post which no longer reflects my views. It likely contains mistakes.
CDT is underspecified
Standard causal decision theory is underspecified. It needs a theory of counterfactual reasoning. Usually we don't realise that there is more than one possible way to reason counterfactually in a situation. I illustrate this fact using the simple case Game, described below, where a CDT agent using bad counterfactuals loses money.
But before that I need to set up some formalisms. Suppose we are given the set of possible actions an agent could take in a situation. The agent will in fact choose only one of those actions. What would have happened under each of the other possible actions? We can think of the answer to this question as a list of counterfactuals.
Let's call such a list K of counterfactuals a "causal situation" (Arntzenius 2008). The list will have n elements when there are n possible actions. Start by figuring out what all the possible lists of counterfactuals K are. They form a set P which we can call the "causal situation partition". Once you have determined P, then for each possible K, figure out what the expected utility:
of each of your n acts is. (Where are the outcomes, is the utility function and is the credence function.) Then, take the average of these expected utilities, weighted by your credence in each causal situation:
Perform the act with the highest .
What will turn out to be crucial for our purposes is that there is more than one causal situation partition P one can consistently use. So it's not just a matter of figuring out "the" possible Ks that form "the" P. We also need to choose a P among a variety of possible Ps.
In other words, there is the following hierarchy:
Choose a causal situation partition P out of the set of possible partitions (the causal situation superpartition?).
This partition defines a list of possible causal situations: .
Each causal situation K defines a list of counterfactuals of length n: . Where each counterfactual is of the form "". You have a credence distribution over Ks.
Now let's consider the following case, Game, also from Arntzenius (2008):
Harry is going to bet on the outcome of a Yankees versus Red Sox game. Harry's credence that the Yankees will win is 0.9. He is offered the following two bets, of which he must pick one:
(1) A bet on the Yankees: Harry wins $1 if the Yankees win, loses $2 if the Red Sox win
(2) A bet on the Red Rox: Harry wins $2 if the Red Sox win, loses $1 if the Yankees win.
What are the possible Ps? According to Arntzenius, they are:
P1: Yankees Win, Red Sox Win
P2: I win my bet, I lose my bet
To make this very explicit using the language I describe above, we can write that the set of causal situations (the "superpartition") is . (I use for "baseball" and for "win/lose".)
Let's first deal with the baseball partition: . (I use for "Yankees win" and for "Sox win".)
And Harry has the following credences1:
When using this partition and the prodecure described above, Harry finds that the expected value of betting on the Yankees is 70c, whereas the expected value of betting on the Sox is -70c, so he bets on the Yankees. This is the desired result.
And now for the win/lose partition: . (I use for "Harry wins his bet" and for "Harry loses his bet".)
What are Harry's credences in and ? It turns out that it doesn't matter. Arntzenius writes: "no matter what and are, the expected utility of betting on the Sox is always higher".
So Harry should bet on the Sox regardless of his credences. But the Yankees win 90% of the time, so once Harry has placed his bet, he will correctly infer that . Harry will lose 70c in expectation, and he can foresee that this will be so! It's because he is using a bad partition.
Now consider the case Predictor, which is identical to Game except for the fact that:
[…] on each occasion before Harry chooses which bet to place, a perfect predictor of his choices and of the outcomes of the game announces to him whether he will win his bet or lose it.
Arntzenius crafts this thought experiment as a case where, purportedly:
An evidential decision theories predictably loses money.2
A causal decision theorist using the baseball partition predictably wins money.
I'll leave both of these claims undefended for now, taking them for granted.
I'll also skip over the crucial question of how one is supposed to systematically determine which partition is the "correct" one, since Arntzenius provides an answer3 that is long and technical, and I believe correct.
What is the point of proposing Predictor? We know that EDT does predictably better than CDT in Newcomb. Predictor is a case where CDT does predictably better than EDT, provided that it uses the appropriate partition. But we already knew this from more mundane cases like Smoking lesion (Egan 2007).
The value of WAYR arguments
Arntzenius' view appears to be that "Why ain'cha rich?"-style arguments (henceforth WAYRs) give us no reason to choose any decision theory over another. There is one sense in which I agree, but I think it has nothing to do with Predictor, and, more importantly, that this is not an argument for being poor, but instead a problem for decision theory as currently conducted.
One way to think of decision theory is as a conceptual analysis of the word "rational", i.e. a theory of rationality. Some causal decision theorists say that in Newcomb, rational people predictably lose money. But this, they say, is not an argument against CDT, for in Newcomb, the riches were reserved for the irrational: "if someone is very good at predicting behavior and rewards predicted irrationality richly, then irrationality will be richly rewarded" (Gibbard and Harper 1978).
This line of reasoning appearts particularly compelling in Arntzenius' Insane Newcomb:
Consider again a Newcomb situation. Now suppose that the situation is that one makes a choice after one has seen the contents of the boxes, but that the predictor still rewards people who, insanely, choose only box A even after they have seen the contents of the boxes. What will happen? Evidential decision theorists and causal decision theorists will always see nothing in box A and will always pick both boxes. Insane people will see $10 in box A and $1 in box B and pick box A only. So insane people will end up richer than causal decision theorists and evidential decision theorists, and all hands can foresee that insanity will be rewarded. This hardly seems an argument that insane people are more rational than either of them are.
But, others will reply: "The reason I am interested in decision theory is so that I can get rich, not so that I can satisfy some platonic notion of rationality. If I were actually facing that case, I'd rather be insane than rational."
What is happening? The disputants are using the word "rational" in different ways. When language goes on holiday to the strange land of Newcomb, the word "rational" loses its everyday usefulness. This shows the limits of conceptual analysis.
Instead, we should use different words depending on what we are interested in. For instance, I am interested in getting rich, so I could say that act-decision theory is the theory that tells me how to get rich if I find myself in a particular situation and am not bound by any decision rule. Rule-decision theory would be the theory that tells you which rules are best for getting rich. Inspired by Ord (2009), we could even define global decision theory as the theory which, for any X, tells you which X will make you the most money.
Which X to use will depend on the context. Specifically, you should use the X which you can choose, or causally intervene on. If you are choosing a decision rule, for example by programming an AI, you should use rule-decision theory. (If you want to think of "choosing a rule for the AI" as an act, act-decision theory will tell you to choose the rule that rule decision theory identifies. That's a mere verbal issue.) If you are choosing an act, such as deciding whether to smoke, ou should use act-decision theory.
Kenny Easwaran has similar thoughts:
Perhaps there just is a notion of rational action, and a notion of rational character, and they disagree with each other. That the rational character is being the sort of person that would one-box, but the rational action is two-boxing, and it's just a shame that the rational, virtuous character doesn't give rise to the rational action. I think that this is a thought that we might be led to by thinking about rationality in terms of what are the effects of these various types of intervention that we can have. […]
I think one way to think about this is […] trying to understand causation through what they call these causal graphs. They say if you consider all the possible things that might have effects on each other, then we can draw an arrow from anything to the things that it directly affects. Then they say, well, we can fill in these arrows by doing enough controlled experiments on the world, we can fill in the probabilities behind all these arrows. And we can understand how one of these variables, as we might call it, contributes causally to another, by changing the probabilities of these outcomes.
The only way, they say, that we can understand these probabilities, is when we can do controlled experiments. When we can sort of break the causal structure and intervene on some things. This is what scientists are trying to do when they do controlled experiments. They say, "If you want to know if smoking causes cancer, well, the first thing you can do is look at smokers and look at whether they have cancer and look at non-smokers and look at whether they have cancer." But then you're still susceptible to the issues that Fisher was worrying about. What you should actually do if you wanted to figure out whether smoking causes cancer, is not observe smokers and observe non-smokers, but take a bunch of people, break whatever causes would have made them smoke or made them not smoke, and you either force some people to smoke or force some people not to smoke.
Obviously this experiment would never get ethical approval, but if you can do that – if you can break the causal arrows coming in, and just intervene on this variable and force some people to be smokers and force others to not be smokers, and then look at the probabilities – then we can understand what are the downstream effects of smoking.
In some sense, these causal graphs only make sense to the extent that we can break certain arrows, intervene on certain variables and observe downstream effects. Then, I think, in all these Newcomb type problems, it looks like there's several different levels at which one might imagine intervening. You can intervene on your act. You can say, imagine a person who's just like you, who had the same character as you, going into the Newcomb puzzle. Now imagine that we're able to, from the outside, break the effect of that psychology and just force this person to take the one box or take the two boxes. In this case, forcing them to take the two boxes, regardless of what sort of person they were like, will make them better off. So that's a sense in which two-boxing is the rational action.
Whereas if we're intervening at the level of choosing what the character of this person is before they even go into the tent, then at that level the thing that leaves them better off is breaking any effects of their history, and making them the sort of person who's a one-boxer at this point. If we can imagine having this sort of radical intervention, then we can see, at different levels, different things are rational.
To what extent we human beings can intervene at the level our acts, or at the level of our rules, is, I suspect, an empirically and philosophically deep issue. But I would be delighted to be proven wrong about that.
A problem for any decision theory?
I think using these distinctions can solve much of the confusion about WAYRs in Newcomb and analogous cases. But Insane Newcomb hints at a more fundamental problem. Both EDT and CDT can be made vulerable to an WAYR, for example in Insane Newcomb.
Moreover, any decision theory can be made vulnerable to WAYRs. Imagine the following generalised Newcomb problem.
The predictor has a thousand boxes, some transparent and some opaque, and the opaque boxes have arbitrary amounts of money in them. Suppose you use decision theory X, which, conditional on your credences, determines a certain pattern of box-taking (e.g. take box 1, leave boxes 2 and 4, take boxes 3 and 5, etc). The predictor announces that if he has predicted that you will take boxes in this pattern, he has put $0 in all opaque boxes, while otherwise he has put $1000 in each opaque box.
This case has the consequence that X-decision theorists will end up poor. Since X can be anything, a sufficiently powerful predictor can punish the user of any decision theory. Newcomb is a special case where the predictor punishes causal decision theorists.
So I'm inclined to say that there exists no decision theory which will make you rich in all cases. So we need to be pragmatic and choose the decision theory that works best given the cases we expect to face. But this just means using the meta-decision theory that tells you to do that.
This isn't fully rigorous, since Ks are lists of (counterfactual) propositions, so you can't have a credence in a K. What I mean by is that Harry has credence 0.9 in every C in K, and (importantly) he also has credence 0.9 in in their conjunction . But I drop this formalism in the body of the post, which I feel already suffers from an excess of pedantry as it stands! ↩
This is denied by Ahmed and Price (2012), but I ultimately don't find their objection convincing. ↩
See section 6, "Good and Bad Partitions". Importantly, this account fails to identify any adequate partition in Newcomb, so the established conclusion that causal decision theorists tend to lose money in Newcomb still holds. ↩
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