text:
\section{Introduction}

Under fixed conditions, biological systems evolve to increase their fitness, determined by a biological state -phenotype- that is shaped by a dynamical process. This dynamics is generally stochastic as they are subject to thermal noise, and
the rule for the dynamics is controlled by a gene that mutates through generations. Those genes that produce higher fitness values have a higher chance of survival.
For example, the folding dynamics of a protein or t-RNA shapes a structure under thermal noise to produce a biological function, while the rule for the dynamics is coded by a sequence of DNA.

The phenotype that provides fitness is expected to be rather insensitive
to the type of noise encountered during the dynamical process \cite{Waddington,Wagner-book,Alon}, to continue producing fitted phenotypes.
The first issue is to determine
what type of dynamics is shaped through evolution to achieve robustness to noise.
To have such robustness
it is preferable to utilize a dynamical process that produces and maintains target phenotypes of high fitness smoothly and globally
from a variety of initial configurations.
In fact, the existence of such a global attraction
in the protein folding was proposed as a
consistency principle\cite{Go} and
a
\textit{funnel}
landscape\cite{Onuchic}, while similar global attraction has been
discovered in gene regulatory networks\cite{FangLi-Ouyang-Tang}.
Despite the ubiquity of such funnel
landscapes for phenotype dynamics,
little is understood on how these structures are shaped by the evolution
\cite{SY,Ancel-Fontana,Deem}. The second issue we address is
the conditions under which funnel-like dynamics evolves.

Besides its robustness to noise, the phenotype is also expected to be robust against mutations in the genetic sequence encountered through evolution.
Despite recent studies suggesting
a relationship between robustness to thermal noise and robustness to
mutation\cite{Waddington,Wagner,KK-book,KK-PLoS,KK-chaos},
a theoretical understanding of the evolution of the two is still insufficient.
The question of whether robustness to thermal noise also leads to robustness to mutation constitutes the third issue discussed in this paper. All these questions concerning robustness to noise and mutation or the shaping of the funnel-like landscape can be answered by introducing an abstract statistical-mechanical model of interacting spins, whose Hamiltonian evolves over generations to achieve a higher fitness.

Let us consider a system of $N$ Ising spins interacting globally.
In this model, configurations of spin variables $S_i$ and an interaction
matrix $J_{ij}$ with $i,j=1,\cdots,N$ represent phenotype and
genotype, respectively.
For simplicity, $J_{ij}$ is restricted to the two values $\pm 1$ and
is assumed to be symmetric: $J_{ij}=J_{ji}$.
The dynamics of the phenotype denoted by $\bm{S}$ is given by a
flip-flop update of each spin with an energy function, defined
by the Hamiltonian $H(\bm{S}|\bm{J})=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum_{i<j}J_{ij}S_iS_j$,
for a given set of genotypes denoted by $\bm{J}$.
We adopt the Glauber dynamics as an update rule, where the $N$
spins are in contact with a heat bath
of temperature $T_S$.
After the relaxation process, this dynamics
yields an equilibrium distribution for a given $\bm{J}$,
$P(\bm{S}|\bm{J},T_S)=e^{-\beta_SH(\bm{S}\mid\bm{J})}\slash Z_S(T_S)$,
where $\beta_S=1\slash T_S$ and
$Z_S(T_S)=\mbox{Tr}_{\bm{S}}\exp[-\beta_SH(\bm{S}|\bm{J})]$.

The genotype $\bm{J}$ is transmitted to the next generation with some
variation,
whereas genotypes that produce a phenotype with a higher level of fitness are selected.
We assume that fitness is a function of the configuration of target spins $\bm{t}$,
a given subset of $\bm{S}$, with size $t$.
The time-scale for genotypic change is generally much larger than that
for the phenotypic dynamics,
so that the variables $\bm{S}$ are well
equilibrated within the unit time-scale of the slower variable $\bm{J}$.
Such being the case, fitness
should be expressed as a function of the target spins $\bm{S}$
averaged with respect to the distribution. Considering the gauge transformation \cite{Nishimori},
we define fitness as
$$
\Psi(\bm{J}|T_S)=\Big\langle\prod_{i<j\in\bm{t}}\delta(S_i-S_j)\Big\rangle,
\label{Fit}
$$
without losing generality, where $\langle\cdots\rangle$ denotes the expectation value
with respect to the equilibrium probability distribution.
In other words, the
expected fitness is given by the probability of
the ``target configuration'' in which
all target spins are aligned parallel under equilibrium conditions.
Note that in our model, only the
target spins contribute
to the fitness,
and as a result, the spin configuration for a given fitness value has redundancy.

The genotype $\bm{J}$ evolves as a result of mutations, random flip-flop of the matrix element,
and the process of selection according to the fitness function.
We again adopt Glauber dynamics by using fitness
instead of the Hamiltonian in the phenotype dynamics,
where $\bm{J}$ is in contact with a heat bath whose
temperature $T_J$ is different from $T_S$.
In particular, the dynamics is given by a stochastic Markov process with
the stationary distribution
$P(\bm{J},T_S,T_J)=e^{\beta_J\Psi(\bm{J},T_S)}\slash Z_J(T_S,T_J)$,
where $\beta_J=1/T_J$ and $Z_J(T_S,T_J)=\mbox{Tr}_{\bm{J}}\exp[\beta_J\Psi(\bm{J},T_S)]$.
According to the dynamics, genotypes
are selected somewhat uniformly at high
temperatures $T_J$,
whereas at low $T_J$, genotypes with higher fitness values are
preferred.
The temperature $T_J$ represents
selection pressure.

Next, we study the dependence of the fitness and energy on $T_S$ and $T_J$,
given by
$\Psi(T_S,T_J)=\langle\Psi(\bm{J}|T_S)\rangle_J$
and $E(T_S,T_J)=\langle\langle H(\bm{S}|\bm{J})\rangle\rangle_J$,
respectively, where $\langle\cdots\rangle_J$ denotes the average
with respect to the equilibrium probability distribution, $P(\bm{J},T_S,T_J)$.
For the spin dynamics (unless otherwise mentioned), the exchange Monte Carlo (EMC) simulation \cite{EMC}
is used to accelerate
the relaxation to equilibrium.
Indeed, we have confirmed the equilibrium distribution for the simulations below.
Two processes are carried out alternately:
the equilibration of $\bm{S}$ with the EMC
and the stochastic selection of $\bm{J}$
according to the fitness value estimated through the first process.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=3.375in]{plot-3.eps}
\caption{(color online)
Contour maps on $T_S$ and $T_J$ of (a) fitness, (b) energy, and (c) $\Phi_2$, where $1-\Phi_2$ is the frustration around the target spins,
for evolved $\bm{J}$ at a given $T_S$ and $T_J$ (see text for details). $N=15$ and $t=3$.
For each generation of the genotype dynamics, the average
in equilibrium
is taken
over 1500 MC steps after discarding the first 1500
MC steps, which are sufficient for equilibration.
The data are averaged over the last $10^3$ generations.}
\label{Fit_contour}
\end{figure}

\Fref{Fit_contour} (a) and (b) show
dependence of the fitness and energy on $T_S$ and $T_J$, respectively,
for $N=15$ and $t=3$.
For any $T_S$, the fitness value decreases monotonically with
$T_J$.
However, $T_S$ influences the slope of the decrease significantly. The
fitness for sufficiently low $T_S$ remains at a high level and
decreases only slightly with an increase in $T_J$, while for a medium value of $T_S$, the
fitness gradually falls to a lower level as a function of $T_J$ and
eventually, for a sufficiently high value of $T_S$, it never attains a high level.
This implies that the structure of the fitness landscape
depends on $T_S$,
at which the system has evolved.
The energy function, on the other hand, shows a significant dependence on $T_S$.
Although the energy increases monotonically with $T_S$ for high $T_J$,
it exhibits non-monotonic behavior at a low $T_J$ and
takes a minimum at
an intermediate $T_S$.
The $\bm{J}$ configurations giving rise to the highest fitness value generally have
a
large redundancy. At around $T_S\simeq 2.0$,
using a fluctuation induced by $T_S$, a specific subset of
adapted $\bm{J}$'s
giving rise to lower energy is selected from the
redundant configurations with higher fitness.

In the medium-temperature range, such $\bm{J}$s that yield both lower energy and
higher fitness are evolved. Now we study the characteristics of such $\bm{J}$s.
According to statistical physics of spin systems,
triplets of interactions that satisfy $J_{ij}J_{jk}J_{ki}<0$ are known to yield
frustration, which is an obstacle to attaining the unique global energy minimum \cite{Nishimori}.
In our model, however, the target spins play a distinct role.
Hence, it becomes necessary to quantify
the frustration by distinguishing target and non-target spins.
In accordance with the ``ferromagnetic'' fitness condition for target spins, we define $\Phi_1$ as the frequency of positive coupling among target spins,
$
\Phi_1(T_S,T_J)=\frac{2}{t(t-1)}\Big\langle\sum_{i<j\in\bm{t}}J_{ij}\Big\rangle_J\label{J1}
$.
Under ferromagnetic coupling,
the target configurations are energetically favored,
i.e., $\Phi_1=1$, for which no frustration exists
among the target spins.
Next, for a measure of the degrees of frustration
between target and non-target spins,
and among non-target spins themselves, we define $\Phi_2$ and $\Phi_3$ as
$$
\Phi_2(T_S,T_J)=\frac{2}{t(t-1)(N-t)}\Big\langle\sum_{i<j\in\bm{t}}\sum_{k\in \hspace{-.37em}/ \bm{t}}J_{ik}J_{kj}\Big\rangle_J,
 \label{J2}
$$
and
$$
\Phi_3(T_S,T_J)=\frac{1}{C^{N-t}_2}\Big\langle\sum_{k<l\in \hspace{-.37em}/ \bm{t}}\Big(\frac{1}{t}\sum_{i\in\bm{t}}J_{ik}\Big)J_{kl}\Big(\frac{1}{t}\sum_{j\in\bm{t}}J_{lj}\Big)\Big\rangle_J,\label{J3}
$$
where $C^{N-t}_2$ is the total number of possible pairs among the non-target spins.
Here, $\Phi_2$ is the fraction of the interaction pairs between target and non-target spins
that satisfy $J_{ik
 J_{kj}=1\ (i,j\in\bm{t},\ k\in \hspace{-.90em}/ \ \bm{t})$.
If $\Phi_2=1$, no frustration is introduced by the interaction between target and non-target spins,
so that the energy minimum of the target configuration is conserved by
such interaction.
If $\Phi_3=1$,
the target configurations do not introduce frustration in $J_{kl}$s $(k,l\in \hspace{-.90em}/ \ \bm{t})$.
If $\Phi_1=\Phi_2=\Phi_3=1$, there is no frustration at all over the interactions,
as suggested by the Mattis model \cite{Mattis}, which can be transformed into
ferromagnetic interactions by gauge transformation \cite{Nishimori}.

For
$\bm{J}$ that is evolved under given $T_S$ and $T_J$, we have computed
$\Phi_1,\Phi_2$ and $\Phi_3$. \Fref{mu_c} shows the dependence of $\Phi_1,\Phi_2$ and $\Phi_3$ on $T_S$
at a fixed $T_J=0.5\times10^{-3}$.
For $T_S\geq T_S^{c1}$, $\Phi_1$ takes the value $\sim
1$ \cite{remark},
so that a target configuration is embedded as an energetically favorable
state,
while no specific patterns, apart from the target, are embedded in the spin configuration.

For $T_S^{c1}\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2}$, $\Phi_2$ also takes the value
around
1, implying that frustration
is not introduced by means of interactions with a non-target spin.
In this temperature range, $\Phi_3$ is not equal to 1, except for $T_S\sim 2.0$ where the Mattis state is shaped.
When $\Phi_2 \sim 1$ and $\Phi_3\neq 1$, frustration is not completely eliminated
from the non-target spin interactions,
in contrast to the Mattis state.
Here, such a $\bm{J}$ configuration
without frustration around the target spins (but with
frustration between non-target spins) is referred to as ``local Mattis
state'' (LMS),
as characterized
by $\Phi_1=\Phi_2\sim 1$ and $\Phi_3\neq 1$.
The interactions $\bm{J}$ that form such LMSs arise
as a result of the evolution
at $T_S^{c1}\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2}$, where both a fitted target configuration and
a lower energy level are achieved.
As shown in \Fref{Fit_contour}(c), the $T_S$ range
in which LMS is shaped becomes
narrower with an increase in $T_J$\cite{SHK_full}.
For sufficient low $T_J$,
there are three phases:
$T_S<T_S^{c1}(T_J)$, the phase in which frustration
remains in spite of adaptation;
$T_S^{c1}(T_J)\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2}(T_J)$,
the phase
giving LMSs;
$T_S>T_S^{c2}(T_J)$, the phase
in which no adaptation and frustration is seen.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=2.75in]{plot_all.eps}
\caption{(color online)
Dependence of local frustrations on $T_S$,; $\Phi_1(\square), \Phi_2(\bigcirc), \Phi_3(\triangle)$
represents the left axis and $\mu_c(\ast)$ represents the right axis
by fixing $T_J$ at $0.5\times 10^{-3}$.
The data are computed by taking averages over
150 genotypes $\bm{J}$ evolved at a given temperature $T_S$.
$\mu_c$ is a threshold value,
beyond which the fitness of the mutated genotype begins to decrease (see \Fref{Fit_vs_mu}). The transition points
$T_S^{c1}$ and $T_S^{c2}$ are estimated
as a temperature at which $\Phi_2$ deviates from 1.
}
\label{mu_c}
\end{figure}

Let us consider the relaxation dynamics of spins for each $\bm{J}$
adapted through evolution under a given $T_S$
and $T_J$, denoted as $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$, where $T_J$ is fixed at $0.5\times 10^{-3}$.
To understand how the relaxation dynamics depends on $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$,
instead of using EMC, we adopt standard MC by with the temperature
$T_S^\prime$, fixed at $10^{-5}
, independently of $T_S$ used in obtaining
$\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$. We compute the temporal change of the target magnetization $m_t=|\sum_{i\in\bm{t}}S_i|$.
Relaxation dynamics of $\langle m_t\rangle_0$
for $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$, $T_S=10^{-3}(\leq T_S^{c1})$, and $T_S=2.0(T_S^{c1}\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2})$
are plotted in \Fref{Fit_kanwa},
where $\langle\cdots\rangle_0$ denotes the average over
the randomly chosen initial conditions.
As shown in \Fref{Fit_kanwa}, the relaxation process for $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$ evolved at low temperatures is much slower.
Furthermore, $\langle m_t\rangle_0$
converges to a value $m_t^\ast$ lower than 1 and remains at that value for a long time.
Depending on the initial condition, the spins are often trapped at a local minimum,
so that the target configuration is not realized over a long time
span.

Such dependence on initial conditions is not observed for
$\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$ for $T_S>T_S^{c1}$, where $\langle m_t\rangle_0$ approaches 1 somewhat quickly.
From an estimate of the convergent value of the target magnetization
$m_t^\ast$ within the above MC time scale, we obtain the relaxation time $\tau$
by fitting to the function $\langle m_t\rangle_0(s)=m_t^{\ast}+c\exp(-s\slash\tau)$,
where $s$ is the MC step of the spin dynamics.
The parameters $m_t^\ast$ and $\tau$ are plotted against $T_S$ in the inset of \Fref{Fit_kanwa},
which shows the increase of $\tau$ and the decrease of $m_t^\ast$ from 1 with the decrease of $T_S$ below $T_S^{c1}$.
These results imply that the energy landscape for the interaction $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$ is
rugged for $T_S\leq T_S^{c1}$,
as in a spin-glass phase,
whereas it is smooth around the target for $T_S^{c1}\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2}$.
Thus, this landscape is
interpreted as a typical funnel landscape.
It demonstrates a transition from the spin-glass phase to the funnel at $T_S^{c1}$
(see also \cite{SY}).

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=2.75in]{plot-kanwa.eps}
\caption{(color online)
Relaxation dynamics of the averaged magnetization of target spins,
$\langle m_t\rangle_0$ on the adapted interaction
$\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$ for $T_S=10^{-3}$ and $T_S=2.0$. The magnetization $\langle m_t\rangle_0$ is
evaluated by taking the average over 30 initial conditions for each $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$ and 1000 different samples of
$\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$.
The inset shows the dependence of the estimated convergent value of $\langle m_t\rangle_0$ on $T_S$, $m_t^\ast$
represents the right axis and the relaxation time $\tau$ represents the left axis.
}
\label{Fit_kanwa}
\end{figure}

Now, in the evolved genotypes, let us examine the robustness that
represents the stability of $\bm{J}$'s fitness with respect to changes
in the $\bm{J}$ configuration.
From the adopted genotype $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$,
mutations are imposed by flip-flopping the sign of a certain fraction of
randomly chosen matrix elements in $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}$. The value of the fraction represents the
mutation rate $\mu$.
We evaluate the fitness of the mutated $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}(\mu)$ at
$T_S^\prime=10^{-5}(\neq T_S)$,
i.e., $\Psi(\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}(\mu)|T_S^\prime=10^{-5})$, by taking an
average over 150 samples of mutated $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}(\mu)$.
\Fref{Fit_vs_mu} shows $\mu$ dependence of the fitness
for $T_S=10^{-4}$ and $T_S=2.0$.
For low values of $T_S$,
the fitness of mutated $\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}(\mu)$ exhibits a rapid decrease
with respect to the mutation rate, but
for $T_S$ between $T_S^{c1}$ and $T_S^{c2}$, it does not decrease
until the mutation rate reaches a specific value.
We define $\mu_c(T_S)$ as the threshold point in the mutation rate beyond which the fitness
$\Psi(\bm{J}^{adp}_{T_S}(\mu)|T_S^\prime)$ begins to decrease from
unity. \Fref{mu_c} shows the dependence of $\mu_c$ on $T_S$,
which has a plateau at
$T_S^{c1}\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2}$ where $\Phi_2$ is unity.
This range of temperatures that exhibits mutational robustness agrees with
the range that gives rise to the LMS. In other words,
mutational robustness is realized
for a genotype with no frustration around the target spins.
Evolution in a mutationally robust genotype $\bm{J}$ is possible
only when the phenotype dynamics is subjected to noise
within the range $T_S^{c1}\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2}$.
This mutational robustness is interpreted as a consequence that the
fitness landscape becomes non-neutral for $T_S \geq T_S^{c1}$ \cite{SHK_full}.

To check the generality of the transition to the LMS as well as the mutational robustness,
we have examined the model
by increasing the number of target spins $t$, and confirmed
that the LMSs evolve
at an intermediate range of $T_S$ (that depends on $t$), where both lower energy
and higher fitness are realized together
with mutational robustness, while the actual fitness value therein
decreases with an increase in $t$.
Simulations with larger $N$ (up to 30) have also confirmed
the evolution of the LMSs at an intermediate range of $T_S$ \cite{SHK_full}.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=2.75in]{Fit_vs_mrate.eps}
\caption{(color online) Fitness of the mutated $\bm{J}$ as a function of the mutation rate $\mu$
for $T_S=10^{-4}$ (solid curve) and $T_S=2.0$ (dotted curve).
For each adapted genotype, the mutated genotypes $\bm{J}$ are generated 150 times
by flipping randomly chosen elements $J_{ij}$ with $\bm{J}$ governed by the rate $\mu$,
and the average is taken over 150 adapted genotypes.}
\label{Fit_vs_mu}
\end{figure}

In this study, in order to elucidate the evolutionary origin of robustness
and funnel landscape, we have considered the evolution of a Hamiltonian
system to generate a specific configuration for target spins.
The findings can be summarized as follows.
First, as a result of the formation of a funnel landscape through the
evolution of the Hamiltonian,
robustness to guard against noise is achieved in the dynamic process.
Such shaping of dynamics is possible only
under a certain level of thermal noise, given by temperatures $T_S^{c1}\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2}$.
Second, under such a temperature range in the process, a funnel-like landscape
that gives rise to a smooth relaxation dynamics toward the
target phenotype is evolved to avoid the spin-glass phase.
This may explain the ubiquity of such funnel-type
dynamics observed in evolved biological systems
such as protein folding and gene
expression \cite{KK-PLoS,FangLi-Ouyang-Tang}.
Third, this robustness to thermal noise induces
robustness to mutation; this observation has also been
discussed for gene transcription network models
\cite{KK-PLoS}. Relevance of thermal noise to robust evolutions is thus demonstrated.

The funnel-like landscape evolved at $T_S^{c1}\leq T_S\leq T_S^{c2}$
is characterized by the local
Mattis state without frustration
around the target spins.
This allows for a smooth and quick relaxation to the target configuration,
which is in contrast with the relaxation on
a rugged landscape in spin-glass evolved at
$T_S<T_S^{c1}$,
where relaxation is often trapped into metastable states.
Theoretical analysis of random spin systems such as replica symmetry
breaking will be relevant to the local Mattis state and mutational
robustness \cite{SHK_full}, as the model discussed in this letter is a variant of spin systems with two temperatures \cite{Sherrington}.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No.18079004) from MEXT
and JSPS Fellows (No.20$-$10778) from JSPS.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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10. Commercial General Liability Section II: Who is an Insured?


text:
Choice of throwback car design for U.S. Nationals an easy one for Jeg Coughlin Jr.
Lou Modestino
Note: Due to the Corona Virus the new England Dragway in Epping, NH saw NHRA cancel its 2020 NHRA Mello Yellow National event. NHRA has promised that the event will be returning in 2021
Source: Scott "Woody" Woodruff
DELAWARE, Ohio (Aug. 20) — When the drivers in the NHRA Pro Stock class got together and decided to run throwback car designs at this year's 66th annual Denso Spark Plugs U.S. Nationals, five-time class champion Jeg Coughlin Jr. was quick to select his favorite ride. "It was pretty easy for us to pick the 2000 design we used to win our first Pro Stock championship, which also happened to be the car I drove to my first Indy win in Pro Stock that same year," Coughlin said. "Fortunately, when we started to overlay that design on my current JEGS.com Elite Motorsports Chevrolet Camaro, it really seemed to fit really well. It was meant to be!"
Already a world champion after winning the 1992 Super Gas title, Coughlin was just a few years into his pro career when he entered the 2000 U.S. Nationals with a very competitive JEGS.com-branded Oldsmobile Cutlass. He was the runaway points leader, having won seven of the first 15 races of the year, and the chase pack seemed to be getting smaller and smaller in his rear-view mirror. But qualifying at Indy that year was a disaster and Coughlin and crew barely limped into the elimination field in the 16th and final position. His challengers were licking their chops. After all, no one had ever emerged from the 16th starting spot and found the winner's circle before. "The guys pulled an all-nighter and chased away the gremlins that were hampering us in qualifying," Coughlin said. "We knew we needed to be perfect to even get out of the first round but it turns out there was a little extra magic in that ol' Cutlass and it just came to life on race day."
By the end of the day Coughlin had not only secured his first Indy win in the Pro Stock class but he'd also become the first, and to date, only, professional drag racer to win an event from the 16th qualifying position. "Coming from the most difficult starting position to win the race was just a phenomenal accomplishment," Coughlin said. "I already liked that car a lot but after Indy it just became so special. We cruised to a few more wins down the stretch that year and captured the championship, which really sealed my love affair with that car. "I know when I walk up to get into my car at this year's U.S. Nationals and see that throwback paint scheme, it's going to fire me up. From the mock-ups I've seen it looks great. Woody (Scott Woodruff, director of media and motorsports at JEGS) really did an awesome job putting this together."Coughlin pointed out that a large decal of his original Oldsmobile will grace the hood of his Camaro so fans can see the old and new cars at the same time. "What's interesting is the fact we're coming into this year's Indy with the same kind of momentum we had in 2000," Coughlin said. "We've been on a strong run that really dates back to last year's Countdown to the Championship where we jumped from eighth to second in the title chase, finishing just behind our teammate Erica Enders. "We've been fortunate enough to earn two wins in three final-round showings in the four races the NHRA has held this year and we're in the points lead, so there are definitely some familiar feelings to how it was 20 years ago." Should Coughlin prevail at this year's "Big Go" it would be his 66th Pro Stock win and his sixth U.S. Nationals victory. Aside from his 2000 triumph, Coughlin also won the Pro Stock trophy in 2002 and 2009. Additionally, he won the 1992 Super Gas title and the 2004 Mopar Hemi Challenge. "We're going to stay aggressive," Coughlin said. "This has been a season of unknowns and, even now, none of us know how many more times we'll be able to race so we're going to get after it like there's no tomorrow and have no regrets. We did win the last Indy races a few weeks back and I have complete confidence Rickie Jones (crew chief) will deliver a great racecar for me to drive."
About JEGS AutomotiveJEGS Automotive is a worldwide e-commerce leader in the mail-order, high-performance auto parts business, offering more than 1M individual items for purchase. Founded in 1960 by drag racing legend Jeg Coughlin Sr., JEGS remains family-owned to this day with brothers John, Troy Sr., Mike and Jeg Jr. in charge. The company's corporate headquarters, massive 225,000-square-foot warehouse and distribution center, state-of-the-art call centers, the family's classic car and truck collection, Team JEGS' research and development facility and the offices of the JEGS Foundation are all located in Delaware, Ohio. For more information, call 800-345-4545 or visit www.JEGS.com.
About Team JEGSTeam JEGS, the official racing team of JEGS Automotive, is fueled by the legacy of one of the most successful families in motorsports history, the Coughlins. Led by JEGS founder and International Drag Racing Hall of Fame member Jeg Coughlin Sr. and his four sons — John, Troy Sr., Mike and Jeg Jr. — Team JEGS has claimed nine NHRA World Championships, 18 divisional championships and 128 national event victories. Meet the drivers, view the race schedule and keep up with the latest news and results at www.TeamJEGS.com.
Team JEGS, 101 JEGS Place, Delaware, OH 43015

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Pay per click (PPC) Advertising is an auction-based cost-per-click Internet advertising model used on websites and online platforms, where you pay for an ad when it is clicked. Google AdWords and Facebook Ads are examples of PPC Advertising Programs. With search engines (like Google and Yahoo), advertisers typically bid on keywords or keyword phrases relevant to their target market. With content sites (like Facebook) you are usually charged a fixed price per click rather than use a bidding system, though the price you set can effect how and when your ad is displayed.
Our Pay-Per-Click (PPC) Advertising Consulting uses keyword research and an analysis of your industry's online marketing trends, to provide you with a PPC campaign with set objectives and a budget designed to help you reduce your online marketing costs and/or maximize your advertising dollars.


Door Ding Repair - Express Dent Inc.
PDR helps retain the value of your vehicle, while saving you time and money. Most door dings, creases and hail damage do not actually have any paint damage to begin with. A body shop will typically just "fill" the dent in with putty, sand it down smooth, and repaint the panel. If you paint your car you depreciate it's value.
With over 15 years of experience of PDR we have seen virtually type of door ding out there. This is why we are devoted to putting our years of experience to work for you and continue to learn the latest and greatest PDR methods. We all know that the Fort Worth area is growing so fast, and with that comes more drivers, more congestion on the road and busier parking lots. In turn, we are seeing a lot more of the pesky little dings that we all hate.
If you have a dent that is bothering you, there is no need to involve a body shop that will cost you more money and take much longer. Our paintless dent repair services get the job done right, and since we aren't replacing any metal, your car retains its original parts. This helps your vehicle retain value on top of the time and money you save. Nobody enjoys a door ding, but accidents happen and that's where we come in. Our team of expert PDR specialists are here to get your vehicle looking right at an affordable price.
Does Your Door Ding Qualify?
The main qualifying points as to whether a dent can be removed using Paintless Dent Repair are simple. The original paint needs to be intact and the dent can not include an edge of a panel such as the red areas in the picture above. Edges are sometimes possible; however, this varies among different automobile manufacturers. All makes and models are Paintless Dent Repaircandidates. However, performing Paintless Dent Repair on vehicles manufactured prior to 1980 becomes more limited.
Talk to a Real Person. We are Here for You.


Jackpot! Summer is half over for me, so naturally it's time to start working on classroom stuff.
Today, I visited teacher heaven — or, as it's properly known, the Jim Cherry Teacher Center. Employees of my school system get a $3 credit every visit. And with prices like poster board for $0.15 or laminating for $0.25/ft, you get a lot for your money. Private school teachers are welcome, too! Not in the metro Atlanta area? Chances are really good your public school system offers something similar.
Like me, do you have no idea what an art waxer is? To the Google Machines! An outdated post on a mailing list tells me it's an outdated piece of equipment with a nifty new use: sticky wax on the back of your posters will stick to your concrete block walls. Dude! Nothing sticks to my walls.
Even though I've completed seven years of teaching, I didn't feel like I'd earned my chops until operating a laminating machine today. Next time I go out there, it's the die cutters.
← Kevin Bacon as Physics Demo?
How I miss the days of Premier Dekalb! In Gwinnett a lot more of those functions are localized. I am looking forward to the school year probably because I get to teach Math 3 and Stats/Discrete Math. But I may send my wife to Jim Cherry 4 me, just because u bring up such great memories! Enjoy your last 3 weeks!
Good luck with Math 3 and the new discrete math! I'm interested to see, especially, how the discrete paths work out.


text:
Danger in the dust: EPA assured public before actual testing
By Laurie Garrett, Newsday Staff Writer, August 28, 2003
In the aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center, testing to monitor levels of debris dust didn't begin for 10 days - and analysis of the findings didn't become available until October. Months later EPA scientists would conclude that the dust caused lung disease in test animals - ailments that mimicked those reported in people who lived and worked near Ground Zero.
The Environmental Protection Agency was not in possession of information about the debris dust in the air when it assured New Yorkers, fewer than two days after the World Trade Center collapse, that the public had no reason for concern about the air being breathed.
In the tests, conducted in May 2002, EPA scientists exposed mice to dust from Ground Zero. The mice developed respiratory ailments, the severity of which closely corresponded to the dust levels, according to the study, which is available at www.epa.gov.
Though air monitoring for such specific substances as asbestos, lead and various heavy metals was under way throughout the city, testing the air for pulverized concrete and glass did not begin until Sept. 21, and in most locations not until October. The first results weren't available until Oct. 4.
According to an internal EPA report released Friday, the EPA was directed by the White House in the days after Sept. 11 to amend its press releases by adding reassuring statements and removing cautionary ones. On Sept. 16, the day before the stock market reopened, the EPA insisted, "Our tests show that it is safe for New Yorkers to go back to work in New York's financial district." Workers and residents shortly began returning to their downtown offices and homes.
"People went back to their apartments because [former EPA director] Christie Todd Whitman said it was safe," Dr. Steven Levin of The Mount Sinai Hospital said in an interview. "I have patients who knew it was wrong - they could feel it. But their employer said, 'The EPA says it's safe.'" Levin is studying the health of 6,100 patients in the wake of the disaster.
"If I have outrage over anything, this is it. Who do you believe? If you can't trust the EPA, it's a terrible consequence for public health."
Levin and other medical professionals say thousands of New Yorkers have developed respiratory illnesses associated with exposure to the dust.
Though physicians and scientists say they believe they can rule out long-term effects such as cancer, they are concerned about the potential for permanent sensitivities that cause sufferers to gasp for air. While scientists agree that people were harmed by the dust, the question is how many.
Though air quality has returned to normal for lower Manhattan and Brooklyn and poses no threat to public health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the New York City health department plan to follow thousands of people for more than a decade to monitor long-term health effects.
Because of the nature of the lung ailments they are seeing, Levin and other physicians say they are concerned about Ground Zero reconstruction, because the dust, diesel fumes and other airborne particles are likely to exacerbate the ailments.
"Some people are sure to have difficulty," Levin said. "No construction goes on without generating dust or smoke. So I'm definitely worried." At its public meetings, the Lower Manhattan Development Corp. has not addressed the issue of air quality during reconstruction.
The EPA initially monitored only for a narrow range of possible toxins and pollutants - those specified under the Clean Air Act - and not for those that doctors and researchers have pinpointed as most problematic: both large and fine particulates of pulverized concrete and glass.
On Sept. 11 fewer than a dozen air-sampling monitors - designed to do routine tests of air for violations of the Clean Air Act - were in place in downtown Manhattan and in Brooklyn. They were not designed to test particulate matter levels, but instead to measure levels of asbestos, lead, PCBs, dioxins, various heavy metals and assorted chemicals. Though some monitors initially showed an uptick in the levels of some chemicals, including PCBs and asbestos, none reached a level that alarmed the EPA. Most levels returned to below regulatory standards within a week after the attacks.
The EPA's own publications and Web site show the first air samples collected for fine particulate analysis were taken around Ground Zero 10 to 15 days after the attack, and results weren't known until early October. Coarse particulate samples weren't collected until early October, after lower Manhattan streets had been cleaned and the bulk of the debris outside the immediate World Trade Center site had been removed.
Yet on Sept. 13, 2001, the EPA issued the following statement: "Monitoring and sampling conducted on Tuesday and Wednesday [Sept. 11 and 12]have been very reassuring about potential exposure of rescue crews and the public to environmental contaminants ... the general public should be very reassured by initial sampling."
The EPA database shows it either collected or received from other federal, state and city agencies 66,000 dust and air samples between Sept. 11 and November 13, 2001. Almost none was available when the EPA pronounced the air safe to breathe.
Within minutes after the collapse of the first World Trade Center tower, "it was very apparent to us that this tragedy was a public health and environmental crisis. That was really apparent on Day One as we, like others, struggled to breathe," Dr. Isaac Weisfuse, assistant commissioner in the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, said in an interview this week. The city agency, as well as the EPA, scrambled to collect debris dust samples on Sept. 11, testing them first for lead, and results were available Sept. 12. The following day, the only new data concerned asbestos; about 25 percent of collected samples showed levels above the regulatory standard. By the time Whitman declared on Sept. 18 that "the air is safe to breathe," various agencies had collected and analyzed data for lead, asbestos, benzene and mercury.
The pulverized concrete and glass had an inordinately high alkali content - not unlike salt - and analysis of the first sample didn't occur until Sept. 28; most of the data would not be available until October.
"The issue of the dust in general was a concern early on, even if it wasn't supported by data," Weisfuse says, "because it was obvious people were choking."
Months later, a team of EPA scientists ran experiments on mice exposed to Ground Zero dust. Since human inhalation of such a concoction had never been studied, there was no way to know how much would be too much for a human lung.
The scientists exposed wild mice to various doses of the dust and discovered a direct dose/response relationship: The lower the dose of dust, the milder the symptoms. At higher doses the animals got Reactive Airways Disease Syndrome, or RADS.
When the EPA scientists calculated what those mouse doses would mean to humans, they determined that a range of 42 to 425 micrograms per cubic meter of air would be sufficient, in a single exposure, to cause RADS in humans. This EPA mouse study has not been published in a medical or scientific journal.
According to the EPA's monitoring data, posted on its Web site, several air and dust sampling stations in Manhattan gave readings in that range when tests were run. A sampling on Park Row came up at 42.4 micrograms per cubic meter on Sept. 26; on Sept. 21, a sample gathered at Albany and West streets measured 40.6; a week later, that site recorded a 137.7 level.
The EPA scientists who conducted the mouse study wrote in their report that even one day of exposure to such levels "could have contributed to development of pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and manifestations of sensory irritation such as cough."
Treatment for RADS involves the same types of anti-inflammatory inhalants and drugs used for asthma.
Last week's internal EPA report revealed that the agency's optimistic language on air quality was ordered by the White House National Security Council and Council on Environmental Quality, or CEQ. Speaking yesterday on WNYC radio, Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has called for a Senate investigation of the White House's role, said, "Time and again the government said to us - I mean months later - 'it's safe'. I think it would be very important to find out what was the collaborative process in the White House. Who did change those press releases?"
Acting EPA Administrator Marianne Horinko declined to identify who at the White House was involved. "Why would we purposely mislead people about a national tragedy?" she asked. She charged that the internal EPA report was "pure political conjecture" motivated by unstated ill will in the agency's inspector general's office.
The key player in the White House campaign to soften concerns about New York's air was, according to Washington sources, CEQ director James Connaughton. He had worked for the law firm Sidley Austin Brown & Wood, in its environmental practice group, until shortly before the attack, and had represented mining companies accused of pollution offenses. Calls to the White House for comment were not returned, nor were interview requests to the National Security Council.
The EPA, in its written rebuttal to the internal report, insists that residents of downtown Manhattan were under the guidance of the city health department, not the EPA. Decisions regarding when it was safe to return to homes and offices, how best to clean those facilities, and what precautions ought to be taken were the result, the rebuttal says, of "guidance" that was "provided by New York City."
But almost from 9/11, Weisfuse said, the EPA was in conference calls with city and state health agencies, during which "data was reviewed" and policy was discussed.
Danger in the Smoke and Dust
Human health studies conducted after Sept. 11, 2001, have reported the following:
CLEANUP CREWS
Immigrant laborers hired to clean up businesses and apartments suffered severe respiratory symptoms and in some cases illnesses involving organ systems besides the lungs. Dr. Steven Markowitz and colleagues from Queens College tested 415 cleanup workers, "nearly all of whom," Markowitz said, suffered a long-lasting syndrome of upper airways irritation, congestion and chest pain.
Dr. Steven Levin at the Mount Sinai Hospital is leading a team studying 6,100 workers in offices and businesses below Canal Street on Sept. 11, 2001. Nearly all have symptoms of respiratory illnesses similar to asthma: periodic gasping for air, a choking sensation and unusual sensitivity to airborne irritants. Levin is convinced they have a type of "occupational asthma" called Reactive Airways Disease Syndrome.
GROUND ZERO COPS
Dr. Walfredo Lyon and his Downstate Medical Center team in Brooklyn found RADS in a study of 82 New York City police officers who worked around Ground Zero during the fall of 2001. "Most are still sick," he said. "And that's what they have - RADS."
FIREFIGHTER COUGH
A study conducted by several medical schools and the city fire department found 332 firefighters at Ground Zero suffered respiratory problems, including RADS. The researchers dubbed the ailment World Trade Center Cough. Most of the firefighters are on permanent disability.
SMALLER BABIES
Women who were pregnant on Sept. 11 and lived or worked around Ground Zero were twice as likely to deliver a baby smaller than normal among New Yorkers of similar racial and economic backgrounds. Dr. Philip Landrigan and his colleagues at Mount Sinai School of Medicine examined 187 women and their newborns, comparing them with 3,000 mother/baby combinations from uptown Manhattan. They found the birth weight for the Ground Zero babies was an ounce or more below normal.
ASTHMA INCREASE
Anecdotally, physicians in Brooklyn and lower Manhattan report a sharp uptick in adult-onset asthma diagnoses since Sept. 11. Still pending are the results of a joint NYU/New York State Department of Health survey of 10,000 lower Manhattan residents, conducted by Dr. Joan Reibman of NYU. Results have been tabulated, but they are not ready for release, Reibman said.


text:
import sys, re, operator, string, inspect

#
# Decorator for enforcing types of arguments in method calls
#
class AcceptTypes():
    def __init__(self, *args):
        self._args = args

    def __call__(self, f):
        def wrapped_f(*args):
            for i in range(len(self._args)):
                if type(args[i]) <> self._args[i]:
                    raise TypeError("Expecting %s got %s" % (str(self._args[i]), str(type(args[i]))))

            return f(*args)
        return wrapped_f
#
# The functions
#
@AcceptTypes(str)
def extract_words(path_to_file):
    """
    Takes a path to a file and returns the non-stop
    words, after properly removing nonalphanumeric chars
    and normalizing for lower case
    """
    with open(path_to_file) as f:
        str_data = f.read()

    pattern = re.compile('[\W_]+')
    word_list = pattern.sub(' ', str_data).lower().split()

    with open('../stop_words.txt') as f:
        stop_words = f.read().split(',')

    stop_words.extend(list(string.ascii_lowercase))
    return [w for w in word_list if not w in stop_words]

@AcceptTypes(list)
def frequencies(word_list):
    """
    Takes a list of words and returns a dictionary associating
    words with frequencies of occurrence
    """
    word_freqs = {}
    for w in word_list:
        if w in word_freqs:
            word_freqs[w] += 1
        else:
            word_freqs[w] = 1
    return word_freqs

@AcceptTypes(dict)
def sort(word_freq):
    """
    Takes a dictionary of words and their frequencies
    and returns a list of pairs where the entries are
    sorted by frequency
    """
    return sorted(word_freq.iteritems(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)

#
# The main function
#
word_freqs = sort(frequencies(extract_words(sys.argv[1])))

for tf in word_freqs[0:25]:
    print tf[0], ' - ', tf[1]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


C-Date offers a new type of encounters. Ive met a couple of very nice ladies and some of them are my few friends with benefits. It is not what I expected in the best possible way".
leveling up to the gold standard in online dating. In other words, if youre paying to use a dating site, then youre super serious about meeting your soulmate. An Exclusive Dating Website, the concept of m was founded on a basic principle of human nature that being, romantically; people want to be with someone they are attracted. CMB wants you to "spend your time on quality matches instead of swiping endlessly." The dating platform is not a numbers game either: dating ilman vetovoima its about quality over quantity.
Sarah Dean, all our children get on brilliantly with us and each other - it's like a dream come true! Whether you're looking for a casual fling, a committed relationship, or just a "side piece we have a dating site for you and the matches you want.


Hi! My name is Manu Mesquita, I am a wife and mother. My background is in hospitality and I am really in love with brigadeiros.
I always baked cakes, prepared brigadeiros and other delicious Brazilian treats. I enjoy preparing and sharing my brigadeiros with family and friends!
After a few years I realized that brigadeiros are indeed my passion. I am delighted and honored to share with you my brigadeiro passion which includes quality ingredients and love.
Brigadeiro is present in innumerable occasions: from birthday parties for children to more luxurious parties. It is often more anticipated than the traditional cake.
Something Amazing For You Everyday.
We love to bring sweetness to your special event.


text:
AMC-run VS Hospital presents annual budget of Rs 189 crore
Last year's budget of Rs 179 crore for 2022-2023 has been increased in the current year to Rs 189 crore.
Ahmedabad | Updated: January 26, 2023 00:03 IST
Another Rs 1.1 crore has been allocated for retrofitting of existing buildings and renovation and repair work. (Express Photo)
1x 1.5x 1.8x
The Board of Management of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC)-run Sheth Vadilal Sarabhai (VS) General Hospital and Sheth Chinai Maternity Hospital presented the annual budget of Rs 189 crore for the year 2023-24 with additions to the budget by Medical Superintendent Wednesday.
On experimental basis, for health facilities for poor patients, the budget has made a provision of Rs 4 crore for salaries of 24 teachers in 12 faculties (Rs 1.10 lakh each) and stipend (Rs 30,000) for first year medical students, laboratories for poor patients following the registration of the hospital under Diplomate of National Board (DNB).
Another 50 lakh has been provisioned for digitisation of medi-colegal cases and all establishment records.
Another Rs 1.1 crore has been allocated for retrofitting of existing buildings and renovation and repair work.
Meanwhile, the board of management has accused the AMC of irregularities in the budgets.
"We have repeatedly stressed since years, that there is an urgent need to ensure that AMC auditors be required to take final responsibility for auditing of VSH funds that are currently being outsourced to private agencies.
The hospital administration is requested to provide us complete details of outdoor and indoor patients treated at Chinai Maternity and Sarabhai Hospitals during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 December', the statement issued by Board members Rupa Chinai among three others stated.
Rs 15 cr for Sheth Maneklal Jethabhai Library
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation has approved a budget of Rs. 15.83 crore for the Sheth Maneklal Jethabhai Library for the year 2023-24.
According to their press note, a total budget of Rs. 15.83 crore was approved for the current year 2023-24 for the Sheth Maneklal Jethabhai Library, including Rs. 80 lakh for new plans. The library is availed by around 2,000 readers everyday.
A three-day literature festival, an event on poet "Shunya" Palanpuri's centenary birth anniversary, programs on history and heritage of Ahmedabad, life and work journey of several Gujarati writers and literature in "Gujarati diaspora" , literary programs for students with disability will also be organised, for which Rs. 21 lakh were approved by the Corporation.
Ahmedabad News
1Gujarat HC seeks report from district slaughterhouse committees, pulls up Ahmedabad, Junagadh civic bodies
2'By nature, governments do not like giving information': CIC Y K Sinha on RTI Act, its misuse
3Metro to run extra hours for T20 match
More from Ahmedabad
Around Rs 5 lakh have been approved to attract the national and international tourists, newcomers in the city, students etc, familiarizing them with the working and the services of the library.
Surat Ph.D student held for 'rape on pretext of marriage'


text:
Q: "She lay inert in her bed"—is this sentence right?
She lay inert in her bed.

I found this sentence by Googling "inert". As "inert" is an adjective word, I think using "inert" to describe the verb "lay" is not correct. Is this sentence grammatically correct?

A: The comments of @Yosef Baskin and @Hot Licks inspired me. But I want more explain about grammar. So I looked up grammar book and found some useful information.
In English, there is a import kind of sentence: S + V + C(subject + verb + complement). The v is adjective. Other than conveying the short action of V, the C in this kind of sentence is to describe the state or characteristic of S for a while or a long time. In this situation, the effects of V are to link s and the state or characteristic of s. So the v in this sentence is called linking verb.
Return to the sentence:"she lay inert in her bed". (Note well that the verb lay here is the past tense of lie). The v is "lay" to express the state of the girl lying, instead of the brief action of lying that we should use adverb to describe, for example, she lay quickly(or slowly, weakly and so on) in her bed. The theory is also apply to comments of @Tom22.
There are some other examples:

*

*Stay hungry.Stay foolish.

*He held silent for the whole day.

*The weather continued fine for several days

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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How To Unlock PC by using iPhone & Android ?
Unlock PC via android and iPhone . There are various online post about Windows which are quite helpful. With the given tricks present in those posts, you can have a best user experience. In this article you are going to see on how to unlock the Windows system from iPhone or Android Phone.
Basically, with this procedure, you would need to use the smartphone for unlocking the PC. This is possible if you login using the Windows screen. For that you would need to connect the smartphone with the personal computer so that you can find out the PC for unlocking it.
Open the software in your windows and you will see the below screen.
After selecting the given options, click on the OK Tab .
Download mobile app from above as per your platform. Scan this QR Code from that app displaying on the screen. Mobile will start detecting your PC.
That's it. You are done with the process. Your PC is now authenticated via your smart device. Now every time after unlocking the window screen, you will need your smart phone to unlock this second authentication.
By following the above given steps, you can unlock pc by using your iphone or Android phone. Basically, this is one of the coolest and the most secure means for securing the PC. If someone gets the password, he or she will not be able to open it until they are aware of the security key which is present in your smartphone which will always be with you.


text:
How Sudan's gold boom is changing labour relations in Blue Nile state
Written: 2020 | Published: February 18, 2021 | Mohamed Salah and Enrico Ille
Sudan's Blue Nile state, which borders Ethiopia's Benishangul-Gumuz region on its eastern side, and South Sudan's Upper Nile region on its south-west frontier, has a long history of small-scale artisanal gold mining. Gold is found in the region's hills and in the alluvial planes south of the Blue Nile. In Blue Nile, artisanal gold mining has historically been a communal or household activity—an additional means of income generation to supplement agriculture. However, a gold-rush in Sudan which began around a decade ago and intensified after the secession of South Sudan in 2011, has begun to change the relationship that communities in Blue Nile have with gold mining.
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Briefing Economy Livelihoods Blue Nile
City limits: Urbanisation and vulnerability in Sudan
Beyond 'Janjaweed' : Understanding the Militias of Darfur
Two Fronts, One War: Evolution of the Two Areas Conflict, 2014-15
Remote-control breakdown: Sudanese paramilitary forces and pro-government militias
Cross-border pastoral mobility and cross-border conflict in Africa – patterns and policy responses
Livestock Feasibility Study – Desk research findings and initial recommendations
Sudan First State of Environment and Outlook Report 2020
Darfur: Relief in a vulnerable environment


text:
Ofcom Media Literacy Bulletin Issue 25
Ofcom has today published the September edition of the Media Literacy e-bulletin. This edition features items on the UKCCIS Child Internet Safety Summit and Ofcom's research findings on young (...)
Bellaria, Italy, 21-24 October 2009
The second European Congress on Media Literacy brought together a variety of people interested in the subject to Bellaria, Italy. Euromeduc organised a congress for further exchange and (...)
Ofcom Update : Social networking profiles almost double in two years
Ofcom's UK Adults' Media Literacy interim report published today revealed that almost twice as many internet users now say they have a social networking site profile than in 2007 (38 per cent up (...)
Ofcom update : Ofcom research reveals increase in internet access in children's bedrooms
Ofcom's UK Children's Media Literacy interim report published today revealed that there has been an increase in children having internet access in their bedrooms – one third of 12-15s (35 per cent) now have access, and one in six 8-11s (16 per cent), up from 20 per cent and nine per cent respectively in 2007. Some 60 per cent of 12-15s and one third of 8-11s (35 per cent) say they use the internet mostly on their own. One in five (21 per cent) of 5-7s say they use the internet without an adult in the room.
Ofcom has published a guide to show parents and carers how to use parental controls and filters to manage their children's access to digital TV and internet content. The guide also encourages parents and carers to talk to their children about what they do on the internet and how to use it safely : http://www.ofcom.org.uk/advice/guid...
Other key findings
Nearly three quarters (72 per cent) of all parents with a child aged 5-15 are concerned that other people could locate their child through their mobile phone using location based services. Ofcom has today published a guide for parents and carers on how to help keep children safe when using location based services. The guide can be found here : http://www.ofcom.org.uk/files/2009/...
Young people are becoming more aware of privacy settings on social networking sites - 12-15 year olds are now more likely to say that their social networking site can only be seen by friends/family – 69 per cent compared to 59 per cent in 2008.
But one quarter don't make any checks when visiting new websites - while two thirds of children aged 12-15 (66 per cent) say they make some kind of check when visiting new websites, a sizeable minority (25 per cent) do not tend to make any checks (such as padlocks, how up to date the information is, asking whether other people have visited it, known brand).
A mixed response from parents - nearly half of parents (whose children use the internet at home) say they have internet controls or filtering software in place (45 per cent). Those that don't have various reasons – 13 per cent say they didn't know such things were possible ; 41 per cent of parents of 8-11s say it's because they usually supervise the child online ; and 66 per cent of parents of 12-15s say they trust their child.
29 per cent of children from lower income households either only use the internet at school (14 per cent) or do not use it at all (15 per cent), compared to 7 per cent of children from higher income homes (two per cent only use at school ; five per cent don't use at all). While take-up has increased in lower income households since 2008, it is still lower than for other socio-economic groups.
The full research can be found here : http://www.ofcom.org.uk/advice/medi...
Ofcom has also published research from Nielsen Netview on the 50 most popular websites among children aged 6-11 and 12-17. The full lists can be found here :
http://www.ofcom.org.uk/advice/medi...
YOU ARE HERE : Homepage


text:
Life Style & Travel
Dwight (Austin Amelio) was a large focal point in this week's episode of "The Walking Dead.'
"Walking Dead" Recap: 'Time For After'
HOLLYWOOD—It was the penultimate episode of "The Walking Dead" before the mid-season finale, and who ever expected things to kick-off with Rick standing in only his boxers, with Jadis taking pictures alluding to something sinister in play? Well, I didn't expect it, but this week's episode, 'Time For After' was shrouded in secrecy, and surely was the perfect build up to what is going to be an explosive mid-season finale!
Back at the Sanctuary, Eugene confronted Dwight about being the traitor inside the base. Well isn't this an interesting development: the coward tots his authority like someone should be afraid? Oh, I loved seeing Dwight grip Eugene by his shirt and explaining to him an uprising is about to transpire and he needs to ensure he is on the right side of the battle. Ugh, I feel Dwight's time will soon be up, and it's kind of bittersweet. This was a character I hated for betraying Daryl and killing Denise, but as a viewer, one has grown to like him because of his choice to fight with our protagonists.
Eugene was called to assist with Father Gabriel's condition, which is worsening by the minute. I swear if Father Gabriel dies before Eugene does I will be livid. At least Father Gabriel has grown to show that he can do the right thing, whereas Eugene just continues to play follow the leader. This indeed was an episode aimed at forcing Eugene to take a hard look in the mirror about his past behavior and how it has impacted those surrounding him. From a distance, Daryl, Tara, Rosita and Michonne discussed their plan to infiltrate the Sanctuary to allow war, and were surprised with Morgan throwing his hat into the ring.
I have to agree with Michonne and Rosita; making a move without seriously considering the consequences could cause a major blowback. Rosita being the voice of reason is beyond crazy, but I'm glad she decided to make the move to retreat, cause I'm certain audiences will be spilling tears come next week's mid-season finale. Negan had a talk with Eugene about the plight of the Sanctuary and the Saviors. I swear I never know when Eugene will burst into tears after a conversation with Negan; he is always so tense.
With a speaker and iPod, Eugene was able to devise a plan that would distract the walkers away from the compound, but little did he know his pals was about to make a big move that could forever change the fate of the Alexandrians, the Kingdom, the Saviors and the Hilltop. Michonne started to speak a bit of sense, and backed out of the plan, but Daryl refused to retreat. Man that guy is stubborn, and with only Daryl, Tara and Morgan on board, things don't look good if you ask me America, not at all! I suspected Eugene's plan was about to falter and I was right, as he found himself being held at gunpoint by Dwight. Eugene argued his case, but Dwight argued his as well: take out Negan and only Negan! Why in the hell can't Eugene see what Dwight is attempting to do; he's trying to change the dynamic of Negan's power trip.
I was certain Dwight was about to shoot Eugene, but he allowed him to fly that airplane, but later used gunfire to take it down. Utter madness erupted as Tara, Morgan and Daryl made their move. Per usual, Eugene cowered to the ground, but not before that garbage truck blew a hole into the building, allowing the walkers to infiltrate.
For once we are actually seeing some major action in an episode, just as Eugene was crippled with fear to see the walkers take over the base. Eugene snapped and refused to assist Father Gabriel and acknowledged that he is a coward and will do whatever he needs to ensure his own survival, even if it means tossing others into the water. Wow, I expected it, but I didn't, Eugene was about to spill the tea to Negan that Dwight is the traitor inside the Sanctuary, but he kept mum! Oh this character drives me crazy! Will he or won't he? That is the question that as a viewer leaves me unnerved every time he appears on the screen.
Now, this is where I was hoping the episode would return, back to where it began with Rick being held captive by the junksters. Rick was removed from that trash bin, just as Jadis decided to kill Rick, but he gained the upper hand and utilized that walker to take out
several of Jadis' people before she came inches from becoming walker meat as that severed head clawed at her face. Gotta say that was a fun scene people; it was the first time Jadis was actually scared for her life!
If all it takes to get Jadis to join forces is to deliver a near death experience, Rick should have done that a long time ago. The episode culminated with Rick, Jadis and the rest of the crew infiltrating the Sanctuary, but Rick was in for a surprise; the snipers were not in play and the walkers were gone! Um, I'm scared people because it looks like viewers might be in for an epic demise next week based on that teaser. Until next week "Walking Dead" die-hards, it's going to be a big one.
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Last month I talked about creating themed dinners at least once a month, and how I wanted to use it as a tool, not only to celebrate more with the family, but also to use it as a way to teach the kids about different things – like cultures, traditions, sports, art, activities, -and history.
Wayne and I enjoy watching basketball, and with a lot of big basketball events happening I knew I wanted to celebrate one evening while watching a game, and I decided we would have a DIY chili bar because we hadn't done something like that in a while and it sounded delicious!
This shop has been compensated by Collective Bias, Inc. and its advertiser. All opinions are mine alone. #FinalFourPack #CollectiveBias. Coca-Cola is a corporate champion of the NCAA.
Hi everyone! How was your weekend? The majority of mine was spent working, but I did manage to have a fun little meal with the family as well in celebration of the NCAA® March Madness! We love watching Basketball so I thought it would be fun to have a little evening full of snacks for everyone.
I ran by the store on my way home from work and grabbed some things for us eat. I stocked up on Coca-Cola NCAA® Final Four Pack available at Walmart as well – you can get 4 4-packs (16 cans) for $5 or 2 packs for $3 (available in select areas) – they had Coke Zero, Vanilla Coke and Cherry Coke cans and I like to always have some on hand for impromptu parties or celebrations. I also purchased ingredients so I could make chocolate cherry cupcakes, beef sliders, and snacks like chocolate cherry cookies, popcorn, oranges, and of course vanilla ice cream so we could have floats too!
That doesn't mean that I go all crazy purchasing decorations all of the time though – often times I'll just take things that I already had and create a theme with them – and I did that this past weekend too. I took out a red tablecloth that I use frequently for parties and set it on our folding table. I then found some orange paper plates that I had from one of our past parties and created basketballs out of them and attached them to the tablecloth with double stick tape. I created a simple backdrop from the Coca-Cola cans as well as a cupcake stand. Anika blew up a few orange and black balloons too, since she loves helping me set up for our fun evenings.
The sliders were amazingly easy and the kids devoured them so quickly! I used pre-made hamburger patties and used a cookie cutter to cut the desired size that I needed prior to cooking them. I kept them pretty simple and just used ketchup, cheddar cheese, and lettuce on them. For the buns I found some dinner rolls in the bakery section and then decided to use my wood burner tool that my mom gave me a few years ago and toasted lines on them to resemble basketballs! I used a knife to cut around the edges to give them more of a circular shape and them served them!
I really lucked out at the store and found a chocolate cookie mix with cherry chips in it, so I bought it and made some buttercream frosting and added some orange food coloring gel to it and frosted them.
In the mean time I also melted some white baker's chocolate in the microwave and added some orange food coloring gel to it as well, and then poured the melted chocolate into a bag and piped circles on to a cookie sheet covered with parchment paper.
After I was finished with that I went ahead and melted some chocolate chips in the microwave and then piped basketball lines on the cookies as well as the chocolate circles.
Then while I let that cool I got a little creative making a Chocolate Cherry Cupcake recipe.
To make the cupcakes, first mix the flour, sugar, salt, and baking soda in one bowl and set aside. Next pour Cherry Coke into a saucepan and added the butter, cocoa powder, and milk and bring it to a boil.
Remove the mixture from heat and slowly pour into the dry mixture, and stir until completely combined. Lastly add eggs and molasses and then pour into a cupcake pan and bake at 375 degrees for 15-20 minutes.
After they are cooled, top with chocolate frosting and add a chocolate basketball if desired!
So, have you done any NCAA® March Madness celebrating lately? There is also a fun Coke Zero Four Selfie contest going on right now, where you can upload a selfie with a Coca-Cola product and be entered to win 2016 NCAA® Final Four tickets!
Hey everyone! I'm actually getting pretty excited for the Big Game coming up next weekend! Why? Because even though I don't follow football too closely, the team I root for will be playing…and I'm not working – which means it'll be the perfect excuse for a family lounge day!
Hey everyone! This week has definitely been all about celebrations around here! In addition to Emma's birthday party yesterday, there has happened to have been a couple big games that were played this weekend too – leading up to the really Big Game in a couple of weeks!
Today I wanted to share some cheese themed big game snack ideas with you! My Dad and his wife came up for Emma's birthday party this weekend (they live in Canyonville – 3 hours away) so I decided to not only have the birthday party, but to also have a little themed meal while we all watched the game together!
I was shopping at Walmart for snacks last week and I saw some new Cheez-It products and instantly thought of what I would be creating: cheese themed snacks for everyone, because, well, we are kind of cheese addicts. Cheez-It has these new Cheez-It Grooves which are pretty tasty (and found in the snack food aisle) as well as Cheez-It Crunch'd, which are a completely new product that I found in a middle aisle display case. Crunch'd is Cheez-It's first-ever crunchy puff made with 100% real cheese, and they are delicious!
Anyways, we had our family and a couple of friends over to hang out. It's always fun just relaxing and catching up with everyone.
Hi everyone! I can't believe it's been so many days since I stopped in to say "hello" on here. Last week I worked full time hours at my other job and was busy training someone for the position – and it seemed like I didn't have much time for anything else! I don't know how you full time workers can find the time to blog full time too!
Luckily for me this week should be a bit more fun. Emma's birthday is Wednesday and her party is going to be next Sunday at the aquatic center – so I'll be getting ready for that. I'm just working from home this week as well, so I'll have more flexibility.
Last night was the first evening that we all got to stay home and relax in a couple weeks, so we invited some of our friends (who are more like family) over to watch a game/play games and nibble on the mass quantity of goodies I created. I think it's great to have spreads for Big Games, but so often it's geared towards 'the guys', so I thought it would be fun to create a dessert table full of treats that everyone – including kids would love.
Saturday morning I made a big Chocolate Football Pinata cake which was really fun! It was filled with Skittles® for a little surprise. I also tried my hand at Deep Fried SNICKERS® Bars which were a huge hit, and then we all had a little fun together experimenting and making our own Starburst® ice cream.
This last weekend our daycare provider-turned-into-family-friend and her husband came out to watch the girls play soccer. It was a complete surprise and I felt so blessed to have them there. Her husband is actually the High school girl's soccer coach and I know miss Anika realizes just how lucky of a girl she is to have him for a mentor and friend.
And then there's Emma whose soccer career may be short lived, but at least she's having fun. Her shyness has turned into this awkward show during the games, where you can always find her goofing off- with her shirt backwards, laying on the field, stuffing the ball under her shirt, looking for ladybugs – all sorts of things that aren't soccer related. Our friend/babysitter also does photography for fun and she captured some great moments of Emma at her finest.
We don't have a lot of family around us which is something that makes me sad. Neither Wayne or I have a large family, and the family that we do have aren't close to us, so having them come out to cheer the kids on meant a lot.
All photos are from Melissa Myer – thanks for making me smile this evening!
I used to clip coupons quite a bit. I was never extreme, but I did a pretty good job stocking up the house with items that were close to, if not, free. Then I began blogging and doing more activities like running the P.T.O at the grade school and I found that I just couldn't do it all. Couponing is fun and rewarding, but it takes time, and at some point I had to re-evaluate to see what was the most valuable way to spend my time – and as you can see this blog easily won that debate. So, I changed some of the ways that I tried to save money.
I started using my phone more.
Stores have jumped on the band wagon and have realized that most people out there really don't have the time it takes to sit down and cut out coupons, but they do have a couple minutes to take out their phones in the store and digitally "clip" a coupon to their account so it gets taken off right there when they check out. It's seriously as easy as pushing a button, and just like the coupons you clip – they can each be used one time.
I was very excited when I heard that Walgreens started implementing this system with their Balance Reward Card App, because I can stock up on things there that I might not do at other stores – things like vitamins and bandages, Walgreens has a large variety for me to choose from.
While everyone else is out school shopping, I'm also out getting extra things to have on hand for soccer season – things like snacks, band-aids, wipes, sanitizer, stuff that we go through more of when the girls are playing.
At Walgreens the other evening I stocked up on a lot of those items and used my digital coupons to save some money. Every little bit helps!
Thanks to #CollectiveBias and #WalgreensPaperless for letting me share my ideas with you!
So I can't believe that it's seriously time to sign the girls up for soccer again! It seems like Anika just finished softball and like we should have another couple of months to go before fall activities begin – not weeks!
We've always had the girls in the McMinnville Parks and Rec, but Anika is now getting too old for it, yet there isn't any soccer offered in middle school, so if she wants to have a chance to play in high school (which there is a really good chance) I'm going to have to put her in a club and to be honest I was completely scared to do that.
I have always thought that being in a club always meant that you did a lot of traveling, which really isn't something that I can handle with all three of the kids being so young and having different activities, but I ended up finally looking online and doing a bit of research and learned some more information about the local club in this area and found out that Anika can be on a player development league and not travel – in fact she'd get to play at on the same fields that she has been playing on for the past few years and the cost isn't much more than what we've been paying either.
Soccer is Anika's all-time favorite sport to play and if she had to give everything else up in order to continue to play I know that she would.
It seems really easy and groups can earn up to $1000 in a 10 day time frame. I'll have to wait until Anika gets placed on a team to try this out, but I thought if your kids were already on team you might want to check Pear Up out!You can create your own Pear for your child's sports team HERE, or if you'd like you can support the Pear of the team HERE.
Full Disclosure: This post has been compensated, but as always all opinions are my own. For more information on working with me, visit my sponsorship page.
Next week all of the kids will have soccer camp and I'm a little nervous for Emma. I've said it a few times on here before, but Emma really had a difficult time with her first year of soccer. She is so shy that she either would not go out on to the field during a game, or she'd stand in one spot on the field – frozen like a statue. I've debated back and forth with what to do – to continue to gently encourage her, or to just give in and not push it. I finally decided that she needed to give it a go through the spring season because I don't want my children to just give up the first time something feels difficult or scary.
I was becoming so desperate to help her overcome her insecurities that I had tried all sorts of things… yet nothing seemed to be working. On our way to one of her last games I gave it one more shot. I was tired – it had been an exhausting day and I did't have dinner planned, so I told Emma if she could be a brave girl and run out on that field with her teammates we could go out to dinner for Happy Meals at McDonald's, where I knew I had the option of getting myself a McCafe Smoothie and a freshly made salad as well.
She thought and thought about it, and then surprised me out on the field. She not only ran – she got into the game and actually kicked the ball once! It was the first time she had ever kicked the soccer ball during a game.
I breathed a huge sigh of relief when she told me after the game that she had so much she had forgot that we were going to go to McDonald's!
I knew she had, but I wasn't going to bring the subject up. I paused, and thought for a moment.
"Ya, and you called them back and the guy hung up on you!" Anika chimed in.
"What exactly is your point Mom?" Anika said.
I told Emma that just because she accidentally kicked the ball the wrong way didn't mean she couldn't do a good job at soccer. I told her to just keep trying to help her team and prove to herself that she can be brave and do it.
She just had one more thing to say after our little chat.
I wonder if she'll remember this little moment we had a from a couple of months ago at soccer camp.
Last weekend was absolutely gorgeous! Saturday Emma had her T-Ball game at 10 am, Anika had her softball game at noon, and then we helped our friends in a parade. It was extra hot on Saturday and by noon I was already beginning to feel sticky, but no matter what the weather is, I wouldn't miss these games for the world. I don't know about you, but as a parent it is one of the cutest things to see the little girls up at bat and running the bases. We are far enough into the season now that the coaches will pitch 3 or 4 balls to the girls before having them use the stand.
Her games are approximately an hour long, but Anika's can sometimes go for two hours, so we always pack a lot of stuff to keep the other kids fed, hydrated, entertained, plus we keep Banana Boat Sunscreen ready to protect their skin. Anika has really fair skin like I do so we absolutely have to bring it with us. There is such a huge variety of Banana Boat Sunscreens to choose from, but currently we have the Kids Free SPF 50 Clear Spray, which is fantastic to use when you're in a hurry (To whomever created spray sunblock; I thank you!) We also use the Protect and Hydrate Lotion. I also began buying Wayne some Men's SPF 30 Clear Spray Sunblock since he works outside all day long everyday and needs to protect his skin as well.
This video was on my cell phone, so the picture quality isn't as good, but this is what happened at the second inning.
You can find all of those Banana Boat products in the summer section at Walmart as well as a Sport SPF 50 Clear Spray, Protect & Hydrate 50 Spray and Men's SPF 50 Lotion.
There is also a really awesome Wheel of Fun contest going on at the Banana Boat Facebook page where you could win some great prizes like a trip to Sea World, Disney World/Land, or a Six Flags Amusement Park!
In addition you can have the chance to instantly win $100 through Walmart.com HERE.
Even after softball season ends, I'll still probably keep a gear bag in the back of the Expedition filled with summer snacks and sunblock so we will be prepared to have the #BBBestSummer ever!!


text:
import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component, EventEmitter, Input, Output } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-number-picker',
  styleUrls: ['./number-picker.component.less'],
  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush,
  template: `
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" (click)="down()" [disabled]="amount === 0">

    </button>
    {{amount}}
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" (click)="up()">

    </button>
  `
})
export class NumberPickerComponent {
  @Input() amount: number;
  @Output() setAmount = new EventEmitter<number>();

  up(): void {
    this.setAmount.emit(this.amount + 1);
  }

  down(): void {
    this.setAmount.emit(this.amount - 1);
  }
}


text:
"The Theriot Family: The Riot in the Bayou" Review: I Suck Head and Pinch Tail
By Adrienne Saia Isaac | TV | February 28, 2011 |
Tell me you've seen this fucking show. Tell me you've seen it and it's making you as irrationally angry as it's making me. Tell me that I'm not crazy and it also makes you want to disavow the bottom half of America.
All the positive PR that Louisiana got in the wake of Katrina has been all but destroyed by this family of backwoods cretins. From the Confederate flag posted proudly in the son's room to the legitimization of domestic violence and underage drinking to holding wrestling matches in horse shit, this show is one clusterfuck of epic, redneck motherfucking proportions.
"The Theriot Family: The Riot in the Bayou" is listed under the True Life series on my Comcast menu, but I can't believe that this is conceived in the same vein as the rest of the True Life series. I love that show for the issues it covers (everything from drug addiction to albinism) and the captivating way that it's edited. This show, however, wants to be "Jersey Shore" so badly it hurts, and it fails in every aspect: the location sucks and the people are even more disgusting.
The show focuses on a Louisiana family, the Theriots: Momma Tiff (the mace-wielding enabler); Dad (the formerly drug-addicted domestic abuser); the slutty oldest daughter; the shit-covered cowboy son; the insecure youngest daughter; and April, the drunken 17-year-old middle child whose narration drives the show. She claims to be a virgin and thinks her older sister is a horrible role model for giving it up to her dirtbag ex-boyfriend. The eldest slutbag indeed is not a good role model, but neither is the booty-shaking and burping April. There's nothing special about them other than the fact they're willing to drink, fuck and have their Confederate flags and asinine behavior filmed for television. Granted, they're not really different than the rest of the families or groups of strangers picked to live in a house (at least none of them got peed on — in this episode, anyway — like a certain Kardashian sister who is now mindbogglingly famous). The only significant difference? Two of the "stars" are under 18. This is unusually disturbing.
It's one thing to drink underage, but it's another to film it, broadcast it to millions, and have your parents condone it on tape. Everyone freaked the hell out over adults on "Jersey Shore" and "The Real World" getting shitcanned on camera — but these are kids. Am I bothered by this because they're young? Or is it because this family represents everything I dislike about America? They're crude, overweight, unabashedly white trash, skanky as hell, and absolutely unapologetic about all of it. I'm all about self-confidence, but I'm also a proponent of having some modicum of self-respect. There's a difference between capturing something (legitimate documentary) and glorifying it (MTV). You could argue that the family unconditionally loves one other and that it's refreshing to see a happy family, but my family loves each other too (dysfunctional as we are) and we're not glorifying the Confederacy nor am I shaking my barely-legal tits and fucking in a barn on television to prove how close I am to my family or how much I love my life.
It's not my intention to piss off a lot of Southerners. Unfortunately, these are the people chosen to represent an entire region. Stereotypes exist for a reason; they're often highlighted and perpetuated by a select few and the most outrageous examples remain embedded in the collective memory of popular culture. Case in point: not all Italians behave like the "Jersey Shore" cast, but the actual Jersey shore can be skanky, juiced, gelled and liquored as hell. But this show just confounds. It's bizarre to watch and makes me glad I don't have the fame whore complex that consumes an ever-growing number of Americans. It's desperate. Pathetic. And the worst part? It's not even compelling television.
(Full episode video)
KNEEL: Zach Snyder Wants Viggo Mortensen For Superman: Man Of Steel
Drive Angry Review: I Hate Myself For Loving You


text:
Q: How to simplify the call of a generic method, I created to convert from one type to another type across the different layer of my project I want the second calling style should be similar to first calling style. Please see the details in my code. Any help is really appreciated.
Here is the code I am using.
// Calling Style of First Method
            var source = db.ThinkFeeds.Single(tf => tf.ID == 1);
            var target = new MyProduct.UIEntities.ThinkFeed();
            TypeConverter.ConvertBlToUi(source, target);

//Calling Style of Second method. Its really a weird calling style.
        var source = MyProduct.UIEntities.Book.GetBookByID(1);
        var target = new MyProduct.DTOEntities.Book();
        TypeConverter.ConvertUiToDto<MyProduct.UIEntities.Book, MyProduct.DTOEntities.Book, Book>(source, target);

//First Method
    public static void ConvertBlToUi<TBl, TUi>(TBl entitySource, TUi entityTarget)
    {

    }

//Second Method
    public static void ConvertUiToDto<TUi, TDto, TEntity>(TUi uiEntity, TDto dtoEntity)
        where TDto : DTOEntities.MyProductDTO<TEntity, TDto>
        where TEntity : EntityObject
    {

    }

A: You can't. Generic Methods, type inference:

The compiler can infer the type parameters based on the method arguments you pass in; it cannot infer the type parameters only from a constraint or return value. Therefore ...

The first style you've shown is using type inference, but it's just a convenient shorthand. There are times (as here) where type inference cannot work, and so you have to supply the type parameters explicitly.

A: The TEntity type parameter in ConvertUiToDto is the one that is preventing type inference and forces you to specify explicitly all type parameters when calling this method. Unfortunately, this type parameter is used to put a type constraint on TDto:
where TDto : DTOEntities.LightsailDTO<TEntity, TDto>

As long as this constraint remains, you won't be able to remove TEntity from the declaration and used type inference when calling ConvertUiToDto.
Now for me the question is: why does the LightsailDTO require a TEntity type parameter? Aren't DTOs supposed to allow to transfer entities data without having to expose them?

A: I actually asked a similar question and provided an answer myself.
Is there a workaround to C# not being able to infer generic type arguments using type constraints?
Basically, your only option is to pass the DTO twice, letting it infer each of the generic type parameters separately as follows:
public static void ConvertUiToDto<TUi, TDto, TEntity>(TUi uiEntity, TDto dtoEntity, DTOEntities.MyProductDTO<TEntity, TDto> dtoEntity2)
    where TDto : DTOEntities.MyProductDTO<TEntity, TDto>
    where TEntity : EntityObject
{

}

and call it as such:
var source = MyProduct.UIEntities.Book.GetBookByID(1);
var target = new MyProduct.DTOEntities.Book();
TypeConverter.ConvertUiToDto(source, target, target);


I went home with more fish than three people could eat for several meals, such is the generosity of the Kolis. I also went home bearing gifts from Anjali, homemade mango-elaichi sandesh and a huge can of alphonso mango pulp. Anjali knows exactly how much I love mangoes! My day was filled with love from people I had just met. It is an experience I hold close to my heart, one I will never forget.
Beautiful pics, Manisha. Absolutely beautiful.
What a wonderful day you had! Thanks for sharing this glimpse into a fascinating community!
Wow! Look at the pictures, stunning I say!!!
Manisha you are a very special blogger buddy and you know it. I always look forward to what you have to say on matters beyond blogging. I cherish the bond I have built with you over these seven plus years.
Yes and the Koli market visit began with you. I am glad you spared time for me during that whirlwind trip.
That picture of me is my most favorite DP from the best photographer!
Want to add I have been using all those gift you gave me. The Zatar you gave was used in my first catering order.
I made summer rolls from the rice paper you gave will publish that post soon, its been in the draft for very long!
Oh no! Missed the winner announcement as I was travelling the past month. Oh well....Thanks anyways.


It's that time of the year again: the sun appears for the first time in months, Berliners are in a better mood and the Retreat HQ is buzzing with activity after a long hibernation!
But to be honest, the people behind your favourite vinyl-only label were actually quite busy these last few months: Hauke has been on an extensive touring schedule with his mate Matthias Reiling as Session Victim, smashing club after club in Europe, Russia, the USA and Canada while still dropping essential remixes and tracks for Wolf Music, Compost Black and Retrofit. Quarion on the other hand worked hard in the studio and finally delivered a follow-up to 2010's "Moons Around Jupiter"! Introducing 3 monster tracks that cover a wide spectrum of Dance music, the "Shifts In The Environment" EP is a return to form as well as a departure from the traditional House sound associated with the producer. Expect the record to hit the shelves in mid-june, but of course, we'll keep you posted on this one.
Actually, RTR13 is only the first out of six releases coming out this summer. What?!!? Well, sort of: we've decided to finally repress some of our earlier catalog on full quality 180 gram vinyl! Needless to say that you might run into a lot of Retreat wax in the shops these next months as most of the EPs were sold out until now! But if you want to secure a copy of "Pepper Candy", "Move Me So" or the classic "Good Intentions" (yes!) you can also go straight to our webshop, put in a preorder and receive the records as soon as they're hot off the press! Oh, and we'll even throw in a special present for those looong summer afternoons at the festival, open-air afterparty or biergarten!
It's getting hot in here so stay tuned for more news!
After the well-received "Treats Vol.4", Retreat closes its 2012 chapter with a fantastic 4-tracker from House maestro Iron Curtis! Following his accomplished debut album on Mirau, «Glazing» is a highly versatile EP which sees the producer breaking new ground while staying true to his inimitable style. Expect the unexpected as Iron Curtis stretches House music far beyond its known boundaries with the help of Psychedelia, Dubstep and Hip-Hop!
«Glazing» kick things off with a swinging beat, a cowbell and one of those square bass punch that has «Chicago» all over it. But appearances can be deceiving as a drunk bassline emerges from the background with snappy vocals and hidden chords. The track builds steadily for almost 3 minutes before a very dramatic break: the wonky bassline takes center stage, majestic chords rise from every side and before you know it, your skin starts to crawl as you witness once again another euphoric "House" experience. You lose control as the beat comes back with extra ride cymbals which take you on a dancing frenzy. Subtle arpeggios float from left to right and vice-versa as «Glazing» takes you higher and higher. It finally eases down after 5 minutes: the bassline is reduced, the beat stripped down to its essentials and you're gently taken to the tracks's final stop. What a ride!
Flip the record and mysterious chords introduce «17» before a massive kick drum nails the track down. It takes a minute for the tune to pick up speed until a growling, almost reese-like bassline drops in. As additional percussion fills the whole, «17» sounds like the most «traditional» House track of the whole EP. That is until beautiful pads take it in a more emotional direction. It's another goose-bump moment as a vocal loop filters up in the background before the groove comes back in a more basic form. Wahwah chords and strings make sure that "17" stays firmly on the deeper side of things before it reaches a classic beat-only conclusion.
Iron Curtis concludes his Tour De Force with the brilliant «Super Sorry», a nifty little Hip-Hop tune with descending chords, weird vocal samples and off-beat percussion. A few sneaky synths creep up in the background here and there and before you know it, the track comes to an end and leaves you with no other option but to play it again!


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One of The BEST Performances of This Classic Ray Charles Song
Rose Heichelbech
Written by Percy Mayfield, this catchy song is one we danced to often. When Ray Charles covered the song in 1961, it became an instant success- staying at #1 for two weeks and winning a Grammy. It's no wonder that this song made it to Rolling Stone's top 500 songs list.
This live performance of "Hit the Road Jack," with the Raelettes as ever, is such a great version. Ray Charles fans will know that he often switched up the ad lib of each performance of this song, giving us insights into what exactly caused his woman to tell him to hit the road. And, as always, his improvised responses to her show us that determined attitude that made him such a big star. Check out this fun clip below. And, if you loved this then click here to watch the Supremes and the Andrews Sisters singing each other's hits.
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