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The Disturbing Case of Betty Scott (1882)
Posted in: Burnley Season 3 Posted on 24 April 2022 24 April 2022 Posted in: Burnley, Habergham
https://www.daysofhorror.com/episode-player/5581/betty-scott-1882.mp3
Shortly after three o'clock on the morning of Tuesday, 3rd January 1882, a murder so savage in nature occurred at number 4, Brook Row over in a place known as Lowerhouse near to Burnley.
A man by the name of Robert Templeton, who was 36 years of age had arrived in Lowerhouse around nine months prior, sometime around April, 1881. He quickly managed to find employment as a machine printer, working for A. Drew and Sons.
Although quite in nature, he still managed to keep on friendly terms with most of his acquaintances and was known for being an excellent time keeper as well as a reliable workman.
Not too long after arriving in Lowerhouse, he managed to find lodgings within the home of Betty Scott, a widower who was just 33 year old, and mother to three children; one boy – John, who was eleven years of age, and two girls – Martha Ann, aged nine and Hannah aged three.
Having married at a young age to a man called William Scott, who sadly died in October 1876, she had fought bravely to look after herself and her family, by taking in other people's washing, and as well as lodgers.
Having resided in the village since a child, Betty was a well-known and well-liked by the majority and was generally considered as one of the most industrious, clean and hard working women in the area.
Not too long after taking up lodgings with Betty, it appears that some form of romantic friendship had begun between the pair, and it was rumoured that they were soon to be married.
However, as time passed, Robert had began to drink heavily, leaving Betty feeling ashamed, deceived and at times, ill-treated.
His drinking would get worse, making Betty becoming resentful of his conduct and on Monday, 2nd January, she asked Robert to leave her lodgings. A huge row broke out and Betty made it clear to Robert that she wanted him out of her house that very same evening.
Storming out of the house, Robert, having no work to go to, made his way to the Bird-in-Hand public house, which was situated roughly a quarter of a mile from his lodgings.
Upon arriving, he asked the landlord for a gill of Scotch whiskey, and after being served his drink, he told the landlord that he would send a boy with the money. This was an extremely unusual thing for him to say, as he had always paid for his drinks when visiting the public house in the past.
Bird in Hand public house circa 1850
Later that afternoon, he proceeded to the George the Fourth public house, which was situated opposite the All Saints' Church, and after remaining there for some time, and in a drunken stupor, he walked home, arriving back at around four o'clock.
Back at his lodgings, Betty was putting tea out onto the kitchen table when Robert returned. A plate slipped out of her hand and this annoyed Robert to the point he snapped at Betty; "My God! Don't treat a man like a dog!"
Robert then got up from the table and made his way upstairs to his bedroom and remained there until around eleven o'clock in the evening. When everyone had themselves retired to their rooms – Betty had two other lodgers staying with her, Robert Gilfillan and Edward Carling; Robert shifted around in his room for another hour and then just after midnight, he made his way back into Betty's bedroom.
Inside the room, Betty slept in her bed alongside her children, and in another bed lay her 23 year old brother, Richard Nuttall, who was an invalid and who could not walk.
Making his way alongside Betty's bed, a conversation took place and then a slight altercation occurred between Betty and Robert resulting in Betty ordering Robert to leave her room, which he did.
Old photograph of Lowerhouse
A few hours then passed, and at around half-past three, Richard was disturbed from his sleep as he could hear footsteps in the bedroom he shared with Betty. Upon looking, he saw Robert go to his sisters bed, lean over her for around a minute, and then quietly leave the room.
Immediately after he Robert had left, Richard could hear the sound of gurgling proceeding from his sister's bed, and saw one of Betty's children sit up and her clothes covered with blood.
Realising something was wrong, Richard began to shout out "Betty! Betty!" but received no reply.
However, his desperate pleas for help would soon rouse Robert Gilfillan and Edward Carling, from their sleep.
Gilfillan lit and lamp and as he proceeded to make his way towards the back room where Betty's bedroom was situated, he bumped into Robert, who was now pacing up and down and seemed in a state of shock.
On reaching the backroom, the Gilfillan soon found the lifeless body of Betty lying in a pool of blood on her bed. She had a frightful wound in her throat; her head almost being severed from her body.
Gilfillan quickly made his way to his bedroom to inform Edward of what he had encountered. Edward quickly got dressed and went to view the spectacle for himself before hurrying downstairs and then outside where he then alarmed the neighbours. Only a few minutes passed before Mrs. Starkie and Mrs. Varley appeared out from their homes. They both then followed Edward back into the house.
Shocked by the horrific sight that was presented to them, both Mrs. Starkie and Mrs. Varley stayed with Betty's children whilst Gilfillan and Carling left to seek help.
P.C. Eastham was fast asleep in his bed when a loud knocking on his front door jolted him awake. After being told of the murder at number 4 Brook Row, Eastham quickly got dressed and made his way to the scene.
Dr. Sutcliffe, of Burnley, was also sent for as was his assistant Dr. Swales. Both men soon arrived at the scene, in which time P.C. Eastham had already taken Robert into custody.
After inspecting the back bedroom where Betty's body lay, Eastham soon found Robert in the kitchen. Robert then said to Eastham, "I must have air; you must let me go to where there is some air."
Eastham obliged, taking Robert outside where he then tried to fasten his manacles to Robert's wrist. However, they were too small, but rather than make a scene and try to prevent himself from being arrested, Robert simply turned to Eastham, saying; "Oh dear, take me away from here; you know what it is, take me away. You can tie me or do anything you like, but I don't wish to stay here."
It appears Robert, whilst suffering from some form of excitement, was pretty much passive throughout and he expressed his eagerness to go with P.C. Eastham to the police station in nearby Padiham.
Robert only spoke three times, and on one occasion, telling Eastham; "You don't need to stick to me. I'll go with you."
After arriving at the police station, Eastham left Robert in the capable hands of P.C. Neild, and then proceeded back to the house. There, he went upstairs and began to inspect the room. On the bed lay the lifeless body of Betty. The bed and its sheets, as well as the floor were saturated with blood and a razor used by Robert on the attack on Betty was handed over to him by Edward Carling.
Padiham Police Station
The inquest into the death of Betty Scott opened on Thursday, 5th January and took place at the Bird in Hand public house which was situated around a quarter of a mile from where Betty lived.
Mr. H. J. Robinson, the coroner for the district opened the proceedings and after confirming the name and age of the victim, Richard Nuttall, Betty's brother, would be the first witness to be called. He would confirm that Robert Templeton and his sister had been on intimate terms and had talked about getting married. But he would tell the jury that they also had some arguments that always related to Robert's drunkenness and that on December 26th, it appears Betty had terminated her relationship with Robert. On that day, he had called her some foul names, but despite her orders for him to leave the house, Robert asked her to allow him to stay for one more week, but she did not give him a definite answer.
Betty would begin sleeping in the backroom where her children were, leaving Robert to share a room with the two other lodgers, Gilfillan and Carling.
Richard then went into detail telling the jury of the events leading up to the murder of his sister.
He recalled Robert entering the bedroom at around half-past twelve. After a few moments, he could hear Betty and Robert talking and then Robert knelt down on his knees.
Betty asked Robert to leave the room, but he replied; "I shall never leave you, Betty."
Betty's children by now were all awake, with one of them telling Robert to go out of the room. The youngest child said; "Big Bob, if I was as big as you I would kick thee!"
Richard then followed up on being awoken from the sound of gurgling coming from his sister bed.
Robert Gilfillan and Edward Carling both then made statements, again, detailing the events of that morning.
William Sagar Smirthwaite, surgeon practicing in Burnley was next to be called. He explained to the jury how, after examining the body of Betty, he found an incised wound to the left side of her neck, six inches in width and one half of the circumference of the neck.
It extended from the back of the neck within about an inch of the middle line to within an inch of the right side of the windpipe, cutting through all the important structures on that side of the neck and the windpipe down to the vertebrae.
He made it clear to the jury that the wounds could not have been caused by the victim herself, but might have been done by someone else with such as razor as the one produced as evidence that P.C. Eastham had recovered from the scene.
He also told the jury that the cut had been a clean one and had been given during sleep, as Betty did not appear to have opened her eyes.
All Saints Church and George IV public house
The coroner in summing up, said it seemed pretty clear from the doctor's evidence that Betty could not have inflicted the wound upon herself and from the evidence which had been given by the other witnesses, it seemed to be conclusive that Robert had been in Betty's bedroom on Monday night. He also said that there was nothing on the face of evidence which had been given to reduce the crime and if they (the jury) thought anyone had taken Betty's life, then it was one of willful murder.
The coroner then asked the jury if they wished to retire to consider their verdict, but they replied, saying they had no desire to do so and after a few moments consideration, they found Robert Templeton guilty of willful murder, and committed to take his trial at the next Manchester Assizes.
His trial at the Assizes opened on Thursday, 26th January and before Mr. Justice Chitty, and after a very careful trial, in which all the witnesses we have already discussed had been questioned, Robert manifested barely any emotion until the jury returned into court after having spent around three-quarters of an hour deliberating their verdict.
Upon being found guilty of the willful murder of Betty Scott, Robert become emotional and the judge had some difficulty in pronouncing the fate of Robert, which was death by hanging.
Robert Templeton would spend the next two weeks condemned to his cell at Strangeways, Manchester, until the morning of his execution on Monday, 13th February.
It was never in question that Robert would escape the hangmans noose, but a petition to obtain a reprieve had been set up and had gained over 1,200 signatures, signed mainly by working men from Burnley, Accrington, Padiham and other local districts.
This petition was sent to Sir William Vernon Harcourt, the-then Home Secretary :- "To the Right Hon. Sir W. Vernon Harcourt, her Majesty's principal Secretary for the Home Department. The petition of the undersigned humbly showeth – (1) The Robert Templeton was tried and convicted of wilful murder, and sentenced to death, at the last Manchester Assized ; (2) that, owing to his poverty, Robert Templeton could not retain a solicitor, and, therefore, the following facts were not brought to the notice of the court or the counsel who defended him ; (3) about four years ago he was attended by Dr. Ruttle, of Accrington, for an attack of illness, the result of drinking. At that time his mental state was not sound and Dr. Ruttle says that the two or three years during which time he had opportunities of seeing him, he did not consider him of sound mind. In addition to this, two years ago he fell down a quarry several yards in depth, when his head was severely injured (the scar still remains and can be seen), and the undersigned, Dixon Wilton, with whom he lodged, testifies to his having illness of various kinds during which time he lodged with him, and not the result of drink; (4) we respectfully and earnestly beg that you will cause an investigation into his mental condition."
However, on Sunday, 12th February, Mr. J. T. Wells of Accrington, received a reply back from the Home Office that was not good news of Robert.
"Whitehall, 11th February, 1882.- Sir,- Referring to your application on behalf of Robert Templeton, now under sentence of death in her Majesty's prison at Strangeways, I am directed by the Secretary of State to inform you that after careful consideration of all the circumstances of the case he has been unable to find sufficient ground to justify him in advising her Majesty's interference with the due course of the law. I am Sir, your obedient servant.-A. F. O. Liddle.-Mr. J. T. Wells, Marl Terrace, Accrington."
Roberts remaining time in prison saw many of his friends and family visit him, with many visits often being naturally very painful for all concerned.
Reverend James Draper, the Protestant prison chaplain would also visit Robert on a daily basis, but in accordance with his own wishes, the Reverend William Reid, a Scotchman who was pastor of the Levenshulme Congregational Church, and a previous minister from Burnley, began to visit Robert also on a regular basis.
On the evening of Sunday, 12th February, Robert retired to bed at around seven o'clock in the evening but was up again at nine o'clock to talk with the Reverend Reid. They spoke for an hour, and when Reid left just after ten o'clock, Robert spent most of the night and the early hours of the morning in a restless state of anxiety, complaining to the prison guards he could not sleep.
And at six o'clock in the morning, and after managing to finally catch some sleep, he woke and managed to get himself dressed , washing and brushing his hair in a particularly nice fashion. Shortly after, Reverend Reid paid him a visit and after consoling him with words of comfort, and Robert would then have the agonizing wait of nearly an hour before the executioner Marwood would arrive in his cell at five minutes to eight.
Without a murmur, Marwood pinioned Robert and then the mournful procession to the scaffold was commenced, which was only around 20 feet away from his cell.
Tottering slightly, but still unaided, Robert finally reached the scaffold, and after his legs were secured and a white cap placed over his head, witness could hear him repeating the words, "God have mercy upon me," three or four times.
The bolt was drawn, and with a drop of 7 half feet, Robert Templeton dropped into the abyss below. Being a heavy man he fell with the unmistakable "thud", death being instantaneous.
As with all other executions, and as a visible sign that the requirements of the law had been undertaken, the hoisting of a black flag appeared at seven minutes past eight.
A small minority of people had accumulated at the gates of the prison, and under an overcast sky of dark clouds, as soon as the flag had fluttered for several minutes, they soon began to disperse back out into the streets.
At three o'clock, the body of Robert Templeton, after being examined by Mr. F. Price, district coroner, would be buried inside the same grave of another infamous convict , that of John Aspinall Simpson who was tried and convicted of murdering his girlfriend in August, 1881. Both bodies being buried within the grounds of Strangeways Prison.
Before his execution, Robert had written several letters to family and friends, with one in particular being somewhat poinant; it read as follows; –
"Dear Sir, – I take this opportunity of writing a few lines to you to let you know that the Rev. W. Reid, of Levenshulme, is anxious that I should write to you. Dear Sir, I can honestly tell you that I am deeply penitent for the sad crime for which I am to suffer. Dear Sir, I would like very much if you would convey to all Mrs. Scott's relatives the grief of my heart for such a crime, and implore all their forgiveness for their sad bereavement. God knows I bore the greatest kindness and love towards Mrs. Scott, and never meant anything but marrying her, but, dear sir, it has been willed otherwise. I cannot express the heartfelt grief and sorrow for this crime, but by faith in the Lord Jesus Chris, I look for mercy and forgiveness,- Yours truly, Robert Templeton."
Robert Templeton
This last letter was written during the early hours on the morning of his execution, and there were stains of tears upon it which had been wiped away with his hands.
All Saints Church, Habergham
The remains of Betty Scott were interred on Thursday afternoon, 5th January, within the ground of All Saints Churchyard, Habergham. Her grave is marked as M 13 S.
Sources used in this story;
Blackburn Standard – Saturday 07 January 1882
Burnley Express – Saturday 07 January 1882
Burnley Express – Saturday 18 February 1882
Manchester Evening News – Monday 13 February 1882
+ many more courtesy of the British Newspaper Archive – www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk and www.ancestry.co.uk
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Posted in: Burnley Season 3
'Nearer, My God, To Thee' : A Wallace Hartley Tribute (1912)
Two brothers – One Ripper


The Kruger homestead was established in 1981 with the purchase of the Ionia County, Michigan farm and six crossbred heifers. Dan and Paula continued to maintain a small but functional and good quality cow/calf operation. With the birth of three sons, Zachary, Noah and Jedidiah, the family farm was known as D-P Kruger and Sons.
Through the years our three sons and their families have continued to show a major interest in the farm and the cattle industry. In 2013 Dan's sister, Linda, moved back to the area and rediscovered her passion for cattle. In December 2013, D-P Kruger and Sons along with Linda created Kruger Cattle Company. KCC's first purchase was a set of foundation females from Griswold Cattle Company.
Progressively using high-end genetics of Simmental, Angus and Maine Anjou cattle enables KCC to stay on top of the ever changing demand of the cattle industry. KCC strives to produce functional real world cattle that also have the eye appeal to perform in the show ring. Key traits we look for in our cattle are, structure, feed efficiency, fleshing ability, calving ease, milking ability, eye appeal and disposition. Our goals are about quality not quantity. We would rather profit from one superior animal than four average animals. We are confident in our cattle program and pledge to stand behind our product.
Thank you for your interest in our cattle. We look forward to providing you with cattle that will help you achieve your goals.


This elegant ring symbolises the beauty of nature and is hand-painted. It would be ideal when worn with the Mother Barn Owl and her Babies Bangle.
Materials: Gold plated brass (14k), hand-faceted glass, rhinestones and hand-painted enamel. Nickel free.


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Volume 5, Issue 1 (Spring 2015)
J Fasa Univ Med Sci 2015, 5(1): 51-61 Back to browse issues page
Histopathological Evaluation of the Embryo and Weight Assessment of Body, Kidney, and Liver in Pregnant NMRI Mice Exposed to Zinc Oxide (ZnO)Nanoparticles
Bagher Seyedalipour 1, Masumeh Oshrieh2, Ramezan Khanbabaee2
1- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. , b.seyedalipour@umz.ac.ir
2- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.
Abstract: (9102 Views)
Background & Objective: Zinc is an essential trace element which plays a key role in the growth and the development of the embryo during pregnancy. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on embryonic development and to assess the weight of body, kidney, and liver in Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice.
Materials & Methods: 25 female of NMRI mice weighting 30±3.0 gram were randomly divided into five groups (five in each group, four experimental groups and one control group). Mice in experimental groups one, two, three, and four received intraperitoneal ZnO nanoparticle with the concentrations of 50,100,150, and 200 mg / kg, respectively during 15 days (every other day). At the end, the weight of the body, the kidney, and the liver of the pregnant mice and the embryos were measured. In addition, histopathological evaluations were performed on embryos. The data were analyzed by SAS software in P≤0.05.
Results: Based on the macroscopic observations, the embryo and the kidney weights decreased and increased, respectively with increasing different concentrations of nanoparticle compared with controls (P≤0.05). Our data showed that at different concentrations of nanoparticles, the distance, the size, and the number of vertebral bodies increased compared to the control group. At the concentration of 150 mg/kg, an accumulation of mesenchymal cells for cartilage were observed and it seems that high dose of nanoparticles prevents embryo growth.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ZnO nanoparticles cause embryonic developmental delay, undifferentiated and disorganized vertebral bodies in NMRI mice.
Keywords: zinc oxide nanoparticles, NMRI mice, embryonic development
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Embryology
Seyedalipour B, Oshrieh M, Khanbabaee R. Histopathological Evaluation of the Embryo and Weight Assessment of Body, Kidney, and Liver in Pregnant NMRI Mice Exposed to Zinc Oxide (ZnO)Nanoparticles. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2015; 5 (1) :51-61
URL: http://journal.fums.ac.ir/article-1-587-en.html
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Spring 2015) Back to browse issues page

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Brandt Report
Packers, Cowboys among playoff losers with biggest windows
Published: Jan 21, 2015 at 06:23 AM
Gil Brandt
NFL.com Senior Analyst
Just two teams can make it to the Super Bowl -- and only one can win it all.
This might seem self-evident, but each season will be judged, to some degree, as a "failure" by 31 of the 32 squads in the NFL, in that almost everyone becomes a loser at some point along the way. Of course, some losers tend to be in much better shape than others.
As we get ready for Super Bowl XLIX, I thought I'd look at the 10 teams that have been eliminated from the playoffs and rank the five with the biggest windows to continue competing over the next several seasons. Such an undertaking is, of course, something of a crapshoot -- for example, I'm sure most would have joined me a year ago in predicting big things in 2014 for the Saints, who ultimately stumbled to a 7-9 finish. But I did use a system, which took into account record, yardage totals, point differential, turnover differential, sack differential and first-down totals, to help me put this list together.
The five teams listed below might be smarting from early playoff exits, but they and their fans should take heart in the fact that they're primed to be players on the postseason stage for years to come. Here, ranked according to the relative size of their competitive windows, are those teams:
1) Green Bay Packers
The Packers' advantage begins with Aaron Rodgers, the top quarterback and best player in the NFL. The 31-year-old -- who is under contract through 2019 -- is playing about as well as anyone can play the position right now, and he should be in his prime for another six or seven years. He's sturdily built and, as evidenced by the way he played on essentially one leg in the postseason, has plenty of toughness.
Green Bay has a very good young offensive line -- though Bryan Bulaga is set to hit free agency -- and a back on the rise in Eddie Lacy. The Packers also boast an excellent receiving corps, led by Jordy Nelson. Bringing back free agent-to-be Randall Cobb would be good, but the team does have enough talent to survive a defection by the versatile pass-catcher. The ascendance of second-year pro Sam Barrington at linebacker is a plus.
The main question for this team is this: Can it overcome the trauma of the epic collapse in the NFC Championship Game? Talk of that massive lost opportunity -- of the many things that went wrong, of the controversial play calls -- will go on all offseason, and it might threaten to spill over into the 2015 campaign.
2) Dallas Cowboys
Tony Romo is 34 and coming off an injury-riddled campaign. But he also posted the NFL's best passer rating (113.2) and completion percentage (69.9). I would think Romo should be able to play at this level for another four or five years, especially with that stellar young line -- anchored by Pro Bowlers Tyron Smith (24), Travis Frederick (23) and Zack Martin (24) -- in front of him.
The Cowboys should have some salary-cap space available, and if owner Jerry Jones wants to open his wallet, he can retain both running back DeMarco Murray and receiver Dez Bryant, who are set to hit free agency. That said, if Dallas has to choose to keep one of those two players, Bryant is the pick. Backup running back Joseph Randle should be a capable starter if Murray leaves; Randle is not as strong as Murray, and he might not be quite as good a pass-catcher, but he has a real quick burst and played well for stretches in 2014. It would be much more difficult to replace Bryant. Terrance Williams is a strong No. 2, but I don't see him as a No. 1.
Dallas' defense -- which outperformed expectations, allowing 60 fewer yards per game in 2014 than it did in 2013 -- has some good pieces, including promising youngsters Anthony Hitchens, Demarcus Lawrence and Tyrone Crawford. The fact that coordinator Rod Marinelliwill be back is huge. Retaining linebacker Bruce Carter will be key. And, of course, linebacker Sean Lee, who missed all of 2014 with a torn ACL, should be healthy and ready to go.
3) Pittsburgh Steelers
Ben Roethlisberger's 11th season in the NFL might have been his best. The 32-year-old posted career highs in passing yards (4,952) and completion percentage (67.1) and tied a personal best in touchdown passes (32). Of course, he was helped greatly by the performance of outstanding running back Le'Veon Bell and a potent receiving corps led by stud Antonio Brown and phenomenal rookie Martavis Bryant. Also, don't overlook the job offensive line coach Mike Munchak did boosting up that unit in his first season with Pittsburgh.
Longtime defensive coordinator Dick LeBeaubowed out after the Steelers' wild-card loss, but his replacement, former linebacker coach Keith Butler, actually joined the organization before LeBeau's most recent stint in Pittsburgh began, so it's not like the unit will have to adjust to a completely new voice. The Steelers need to start forcing turnovers with the same ferocity they once did. Cameron Heyward has improved greatly, but former first-round pick Jarvis Jones needs to step up; he hasn't really done anything in the past two years.
Veteran safety Troy Polamalu, who has slowed down considerably, could be done in Pittsburgh, but the next generation of young talent is in place. Rookies Ryan Shazier and Stephon Tuitt both played well and are loaded with potential. In fact, the Steelers likely will look back at the 2014 draft class as an exceptional group, with Shazier, Tuitt and Bryant all capable of become special players and perennial Pro Bowlers.
4) Baltimore Ravens
Joe Flacco bounced back from a disappointing 2013 with a great 2014 campaign, thriving in Gary Kubiak's offense, which suited the quarterback very well. Kubiak's gone, of course, having left for the head-coaching job in Denver, but I think new offensive coordinator Marc Trestman will be able to keep things going strong for Flacco. Late Raiders owner Al Davis once told me Trestman was as smart as any assistant coach the franchise ever had. The interesting factor with Flacco is that his base salary is set to rise sharply in 2016 as part of the massive, back-loaded deal he signed after winning Super Bowl XLVII.
Veteran receiver Steve Smith will be 36 next season, but I don't know if he'll ever be too old; he's just so quick and competes so well. I think Baltimore will find a way to bring back Torrey Smith -- who is set to hit free agency this offseason -- and it'll be to the Ravens' benefit, as he seems to get a bit better every year. The team would also do well to hang on to Justin Forsett, who surprised everyone with the fifth-best rushing total in the NFL (1,266), though I suspect Baltimore would be able to successfully slide another back in there should he leave. The offensive line -- led by the outstanding Marshal Yanda -- held strong this season despite being forced to lean on rookies James Hurst and John Urschel late in the year, which is a good sign.
As for the Ravens' defense, pass rushers Terrell Suggs and Elvis Dumervil should have several good years left. And, of course, they have top rookie C.J. Mosley at linebacker. This team just does such a good job drafting guys.
5) Indianapolis Colts
The Colts' season ended with a blowout loss in the AFC Championship Game, and they have a smattering of troublesome holes to fill. They also have the best young quarterback in the NFL. Andrew Luck is sturdy, he's athletic, he's smart and he's hard-working. He's reminiscent of Peyton Manning, except Luck is much more athletically mobile, able to move around without getting sacked. Sure, he had a night to forget in Foxborough (12 of 33, 126 yards, no scores, two picks), but he'll still be a top-notch signal-caller for the next 12 years or so, in my estimation.
Indianapolis must boost its running game. Trent Richardson, who cost the Colts a first-round pick in a trade with the Browns, has been a massive disappointment. Still, if he has played his last down in Indy -- something many speculate is the case -- that'll open up some additional salary-cap space. Tight ends Dwayne Allen and Coby Fleener are very good, while T.Y. Hilton and rookie Donte Moncrief, who I think has No. 1 potential, stand out at receiver. Vontae Davis has become one of the NFL's best cornerbacks. Rookie pass-rusher Jonathan Newsome (6.5 sacks) surprised with his excellent play; he should be joined next season by veteran Robert Mathis, who missed 2014 with a four-game suspension and torn Achilles.
The Houston Texans and Jacksonville Jaguars should put up a tougher fight in the AFC South in 2015, and Luck will need to keep playing at a high level for the Colts to maintain their perch atop the division. Of course, he's just so good that I'd expect nothing less.
Follow Gil Brandt on Twitter @Gil_Brandt.
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Can Philip Rivers' Colts push their way into the playoffs? Will Kyler Murray's Cardinals stop their skid? Gil Brandt eyes fringe teams he's not counting out.
Three NFL teams better than their records -- and three that are worse
Gil Brandt eyes three teams that are better than their records -- and three that are worse. Where do Russell Wilson's Seahawks land?
Six players being asked to do too much in 2020
Do the Vikings even HAVE an offense outside of Dalvin Cook? Gil Brandt ranks six players being asked to do too much in 2020.
Best second-year pros in the NFL: DK Metcalf, Kyler Murray lead way
Gil Brandt ranks the 11 most impactful second-year pros of 2020 so far. Where does Seahawks star receiver DK Metcalf sit?
How Falcons, Texans can become competitive again
Should the Falcons hang on to Matt Ryan? How can the Texans maximize Deshaun Watson? Gil Brandt spells out paths to competitiveness for Atlanta and Houston.
Top five Defensive Player of the Year candidates so far
Gil Brandt lists his top five Defensive Player of the Year candidates through Week 4 -- and some fresh faces rank highly.
Ranking winless teams: Who rebounds? Who's toast?
Can the Eagles turn their season around? Will the Falcons shake two epic collapses? Gil Brandt ranks all seven winless teams.
Five NFL offenses that can never be counted out in 2020
Gil Brandt names five offenses that can never be counted out -- including Patrick Mahomes' Chiefs, Russell Wilson's Seahawks and Josh Allen's Bills.


The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above.
Copyright © 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Turbomachinery: Basic Theory and Applications, Earl Logan, Jr.
An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints, John H.
Industrial Noise Control: Fundamentals and Applications, edited by Lewis H.
Corrosion and Corrosion Protection Handbook, edited by Philip A.
Probabilistic Engineering Design: Principles and Applications, James N.
Finite Element Methods: An Introduction, Ronald L. Huston and Chris E.
31. Design Dimensioning with Computer Graphics Applications, Jerome C.
43. CAD/CAM Dictionary, Edward J. Preston, George W. Crawford, and Mark E.
48. Solving Mechanical Design Problems with Computer Graphics, Jerome C.
52. Metallurgical Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena, edited by Lawrence E. Murr, Karl P. Staudhammer, and Marc A.
62. Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, P. K.
63. Photoelectric Sensors and Controls: Selection and Application, Scott M.
68. Centrifugal Pump Clinic: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Igor J.
75. Classical and Modem Mechanisms for Engineers and Inventors, Preben W.
82. Fundamental Fluid Mechanics for the Practicing Engineer, James W.
84. Numerical Methods for Engineering Applications, Edward R. Champion, Jr.
and Expanded, Earl Logan, Jr.
93. Handbook of Turbomachinery, edited by Earl Logan, Jr.
94. Engineering Documentation Control Practices and Procedures, Ray E.
95. Refractory Linings Thermomechanical Design and Applications, Charles A.
113. Handbook of Materials Selection for Engineering Applications, edited by G.
115. Practical Guide to Finite Elements: A Solid Mechanics Approach, Steven M.
120. Mechanical Analysis of Electronic Packaging Systems, Stephen A.
122. Thermodynamics: Processes and Applications, Earl Logan, Jr.
128. Probability Applications in Mechanical Design, Franklin E. Fisher and Joy R.
132. Handbook of Machinery Dynamics, Lynn L. Faulkner and Earl Logan, Jr.
133. Rapid Prototyping Technology. Selection and Application, Kenneth G.
134. Reciprocating Machinery Dynamics: Design and Analysis, Abdulla S.
137. Lubrication Fundamentals: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, D. M.
153. Reliability Verification, Testing, and Analysis in Engineering Design, Gary S.
157. Gear Noise and Vibration: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, J.
that may be encountered and their relationship, or lack of it, to noise problems.
mainly biased towards solving industrial noise and vibration problems.
rarely disappear spontaneously. Another hope is that by going to an "expert"
causing the trouble at the moment.
they are not interested in basic causes and explanations.
noise in a chapter in the 1992 version of Dudley's Gear Handbook (McGrawHill) with many references.
the vibration is generated by the T.E. and then progresses through the system.
installation, and this is best done experimentally.
while providing many fascinating problems for solution.
2.4 Effect of load on T.E.
3.1 Elastic averaging of T.E.
4. Prediction of Static T.E.
then be a major problem.
something being described as the signal-to-noise ratio of the (audible) noise.
through the system but this type of problem is rare.
necessarily true for some non-linear systems.
properties of the external panels.
system in a soundproof box.
and (b) as the important approaches, from the economic viewpoint.
structure so (b) may have been tackled in part, leaving (a) as the prime target.
and does not occur with helical teeth or with mist lubrication.
noisier than an involute design.
direction (b), or position (c).
system dynamic response to give a force variation and resulting vibration.
economic importance. The approach to problems is the same.
pushes instead of pulls, but this does not affect the geometry.
with a host of arcane rules about what can or cannot be done.
Fig 1.2 Involute operation modelled on unwrapping string.
merely specifies where on an involute we work.
mate with another to give a constant velocity ratio while they are in contact.
flank and depends on the centre distance at which the gears happen to be set.
(a) Both gears must be (nearly) involutes.
ready to take over (contact ratio greater than 1.00).
Harris and Munro [3,4] at Cambridge in the late 1950s.
Fig 1.3 Transmission error excitation between gears.
is important so any steady (elastic) deflections are ignored.
as an out of balance or vibrate the supporting ground to produce a vibration.
apart and deflecting them a sufficient distance to accommodate the T.E.
levers and clutch cables into the body shell.
problems with damping which cannot be designed or predicted reliably.
the path rarely gives much trouble in development.
vibration is transmitted into the main structure to generate the noise.
the gearbox and the structure.
more in common with ideas of propagation of stress waves.
usually blamed it is more commonly design that is at fault.
dynamics of the gears to give vibration forces through the bearing supports.
cause trouble can aalso occur but is less common.
Fig 1.4 Vibration excitation and transmission path.
prone to this type of fault which is worse with high helix angle gears.
corresponds exactly to the T.E.
Lemanski, A. J., Gear Design, S.A.E., Warrendale 1990. Ch 3.
Harris, S.L., 'Dynamic loads on the teeth of spur gears.' Proc. Inst. Mech.
Eng., Vol 172, 1958, pp 87-112.
gears.' Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Vol 178, 1963-64, Part I, pp 207-226.
Cremer, L., Heckl, M., and Ungar, E.E., Structure-borne sound.
axis gearing. Inst. Mech. Eng. Conf. Gearing in 1970, Sept, pp 111-121.
1995, Suite 45, IMEX Park, Shobnall Rd., Burton on Trent.
TyneNEl 7RU, U.K. D.A. Hofrnann.
Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, U.K.
43210-1107. Prof D. R. Houser.
INS A de Lyon, Villeurbane, Cedex, France. Mr D. Remond.
University of New South Wales, Australia. Mr R.B. Randall.
onto the other base circle as in Fig. 2.1.
m or 28.6 pm (1.1 mil).
buttressing at the other end.
Fig 2.1 Handover of contact betweeen successive teeth.
or undercutting and, to a lesser extent, from low tooth numbers.
load concentrations, this could rise to 50 um (2 mil).
deflection and the corner of the tooth tip would gouge into the mating surface.
the tooth tip (Fig. 2.2) to ensure that the corner does not dig in.
traditionally a black art but can be determined logically.
of 3 um on each gear and to the possible profile errors of 3 um on each gear.
thermal expansion, but the effect is usually very small .
the root of the teeth or from both. There are two main schools of thought.
The traditional approach was to give tip and root relief, as indicated in Fig..
aspects and for helical gears is undesirable from stressing aspects.
Fig 2.3 Tip and root relief applied on a gear.
is a significant part of a tooth pair meshing cycle where two "correct"
this direction that gives the vibration excitation so we usually specify this.
the direction of the line of action.
irrelevant as the profile ends are not accurate.
Fig 2.4 Unwrapping string model.
design works in roll distance measured from the pitch point.
Fig 2.5 Effect of equal steps of roll on involute.
the flank the distance intervals (between arrow tips) steadily increase.
distance at which the pair of gears will run.
rotation (multiplied by base circle radius).
pure involute or zero T.E.
Fig 2.6 Effects of mating two spur gear profiles, each with tip relief.
same effect is obtained if the relief is solely on the pinion at tip and root.
penetrate to the bottom of the machined flank.
pair of teeth has occurred.
Fig 2.7(b) Effect of pitch error on position of handover and T.E.
will determine the vibration levels in operation.
should be half the "single pair" value.
Fig 2.8 Harris map of interaction of elastic deflections and long tip relief.
 and the diagrams of the effects of varying load are termed "Harris maps."
of tip relief and deflection is constant, it does not cause vibration.
which may be much greater.
drive is running under load, there will normally be a desired design T.E.
has been estimated to give zero-loaded T.E.
In 1970, Neimann in Germany  and Munro in the U.K.
the two extreme load cases where the "design" load is full load or is zero load.
Fig. 2.8 shows the variation of T.E. with load for a "long relief design"
which is aimed at producing minimum noise in the "design load" condition.
involute at the point S.
Fig 2.9 Harris map of deflections with a "short" tip relief design.
however, still allow for all deflections and errors.
there will be considerable T.E. with high sections at the changeover points.
test rig to confirm these predictions.
instance, half load, then the relief should correspondingly be a "medium"
relief, but the amount of relief at the tip of each tooth remains constant.
values of design quiet load in relation to maximum load.
Harris, S.L., 'Dynamic loads on the teeth of spur gears.1 Proc. Inst.
Mech. Eng., Vol 172, 1958, pp 87-112.
each "slice" via the elasticity of the mesh by "staggering" the slices.
unreels from one base cylinder and reels onto the other base cylinder.
improve matters but not as much as might be hoped.
bodies, supporting shafts, bearings and casing.
Fig 3.1 Typical section of T.E. of meshing spur gears.
Fig 3.2 (a) View of pressure plane of helical gear showing contact lines.
increased axial loads and lower transverse contact ratios.
achieve a smooth run-in with tip relief because we can do it with end relief.
up to the tips of the teeth.
Fig 3.3 Theoretical flank contact line on a helical tooth face.
the design then behaves as an extremely short relief.
gearbox as the teeth may be as high (radially) as they are long.
either of which will have disastrous consequences.
used, the profile will be much nearer a pure involute (an extremely "short"
correspondingly, a higher T.E. at design load.
axially to accommodate thermal movements.
with narrow facewidths well below any possible axial pitch.
force application point moves a large distance.
positions shown in Fig. 3.5.
side of the centre of the face.
relatively concentrated load which runs along the pitch line.
effect but it is probably not worth considering for most gear noise problems.
position variation excitation should be checked.
was attributed to this effect. In addition there were assumed to be "sudden"
shocks associated with gear teeth coming into contact and taking up load.
between the teeth extending nearly to the point where the "friction"
unless specially desiged gears are used to exaggerate the effect.
detect any such effects of sudden force changes .
speed to investigate excitation in the direction normal to the line of pressure.
failure mechanisms such as micropitting.
tend to cancel out. The combination of effects means that "friction reversal"
generate net friction forces if there are serious accuracy errors.
higher than this, the loading will be predominantly at one end of the teeth.
end of the teeth and there will be little helical averaging effect.
Paper 88-FTM-l 1. New Orleans, October 1988.
Tribology International, 1993. Vol 26, No 1, p 25.
Conf., Univ of Newcastle upon Tyne, September 1994.
of a micron and can give major clues if anything is going badly wrong.
little effect on the (small) y corrections so errors in x are unimportant.
Accuracy can then be better than lum.
Fig 4.1 Improving profile accuracy by tooth position.
cheap comparative assessment of different designs with realistic assumptions.
neighbours and deflecting solely due to the contact forces on that slice.
Fig 4.2 Sketch of thin slice model of helical gear.
slice, due to shear stresses and to longitudinal bending stresses.
being lower due to axial expansion reducing Poisson's ratio effects.
large section of the length of line of contact.
pinions which have been cut directly into a shaft to give minimum diameter.
stiffness of the mating tooth end to give roughly constant mesh stiffness.
corresponding set of wheel flanks to generate T.E.
however, the apparent errors may vary due to eccentric mounting or swash.
pm as shown in Fig. 4.4 (a).
Fig 4.4(a) Spurious readings of adjacent pitch error due to eccentricity.
"theoretical" deductions about once per tooth (and harmonics) noise effects.
staircase effect of large once per tooth errors with step changes at changeover.
This is because the fundamental conjugate involute "unwrapping string"
why once-per-tooth frequency cannot exist.
Fig 4.4(b) Effect of eccentric pinion mounting on transmission smoothness.
Fig 4.5 Typical adjacent pitch error readings.
inaccurate gearboxes with high pitch errors.
the ends, which are better cooled.
Fig 4.6 Different helix corrections.
gear centre (see Fig. 4.6).
was roughly proportional to the square of the distance from the pitch line.
used if only one gear is corrected.
pressure plane in the direction of motion of the contact points.
Fig 4.7 View of pressure plane.
to taper off contact before the geometric tip limit is reached.
line which runs at an angle ab (the base helix angle) to the axial direction.


Come join us Wednesday 12/5 from 7p-9p at Katina's Kosmos in Galloway for Christmas wine glass with matching ornament painting. 2 hour paint night. Each painter will leave with a pained wine glass and ornament. $25 per painter.


text:
FREEWAY FARRELL
About & Booking
S.O. Comedy Scene Upcoming Gigs.
Freeway's Show History
"I, not events, have the power to make me happy or unhappy today. I can choose which it shall be. Yesterday is dead, tomorrow hasn't arrived yet. I have just one day, today, and I'm going to be happy in it."
― Groucho Marx.
About Freeway:
Freeway Farrell has always been in the entertainment business. He began his career thirty-five years ago in high school as a Disc Jockey at a roller rink. He then hosted his own weekend time slot as a DJ at a local radio station. This later led to traveling the country while working as an on-air personality for various radio stations, whilst he also maintained a regular spot in the local stand-up comedy scene.
Over the years, Freeway has been a comedy producer. Frequently requested Emcee, voice over actor and a colorful character actor. These days he has retired from producing shows. He is now an active stand-up comedian, comedy writer, emcee and promoter. Freeway does comedy promotion work as a side hustle through his company Farrell Boys Promotions, to help the comedy community.
As a standup comedian, Freeway has a deep passion for performing. He has three different sets, each an hour long. All sets can be performed clean, PG-13 or blue.
 Freeway looks forward to performing for you.
About written by: Harry Hoyler radio personality.
FREEWAY'S UPCOMING SHOWS :
BOOKING FREEWAY:
DIRECT BOOKING:
TYPE OF SHOW & VENUE *
OTHER BOOKING OPPORTUNITIES
 *Book through GigSalad, click on links below:
https://www.gigsalad.com/freeway_farrell_medford/contact
Direct Email: freewayfarrell@gmail.com
& available on all social media.
"I have been shamelessly promoting myself for years as a Comedian, Radio DJ, MC & Character Actor."
-Freeway
Copy written material all rights reserved by Freeway Farrell & Farrell Boys Promotions LLC.


We are so excited to have ordered a few beautiful velvet ring boxes from The Mrs. Box. Although they're not available for purchase in the shop with your engagement ring (they haven't confirmed if they will be selling to stores yet), we love how amazing the colors are. I mean, a pink velvet ring box...sign me up! Naturally, as soon as the boxes arrived in the shop, Hayley and I ceremoniously Instagram storied the whole unwrapping process, redesigned the fine jewelry case, and started photographing our favorite rings in the new boxes. Enjoy the loveliness!


text:
Danger Zone
Climber Falls Into Mount St. Helens
Updated 04.25.17 10:50AM ET / Published 02.16.10 11:25AM ET
Ted S. Warren / AP Photo
Winds and fading daylight prevented two rescue teams from reaching climber Joseph Bohlig, 52, of Kelso, Washington, who fell 1,500 feet into the crater of Mount St. Helens Monday. Bohlig, an experienced climber, was standing on a snow overhang that eroded, causing him to fall 1,500 feet. Though he was alive shortly after the fall and using a rescue whistle, on Tuesday a Coast Guard helicopter pilot who was part of the rescue team said, "There was no movement of the head, no attempt to signal." Crawford said Bohlig's torso was covered with snow, with his arms, legs, and head sticking out. Bohlig's body was recovered by a Navy rescue helicopter Tuesday.
Read it at Associated Press


text:
Home / News / Imo State Governor Rochas Okorocha Gives Church Founder 10 Million Naira To Build University
Imo State Governor Rochas Okorocha Gives Church Founder 10 Million Naira To Build University
1:09:00 am News
The Imo State Governor, Owelle Rochas Okorocha has said that the State needs not less than 20 Universities to take care of the teeming population of qualified JAMB applicants from the state who are yearly denied admissions because of certain unfavourable policies like catchment areas and limited admission spaces.
The governor spoke when the Founder of the LORDS CHOSEN Church, Pastor Lazarus Muoka visited him on a courtesy call at the Government House, with other leaders of the church on Friday, March 23, 2018.
Vanguard reports that Muoka was at the Imo State Government House to inform the governor of his church's plan to establish a university in IMO. Following his information, Rochas Okorocha also directed that land should be allocated to the church immediately for that purpose.
The governor also directed that land should be allocated to the Church immediately for that purpose and also gave the Church Ten Million Naira (N10m) to enable them clear the site of the intended University, with the governor stating that for the seventh (7th) time, the state has continued to lead in JAMB applications with wide margin.
He noted that in 2018 for instance, the state also topped the JAMB application chart with 92,980 applications and added that out of this number, it would be surprising to see more than five thousand applicants having admissions into the universities because of certain policies and grossly limited slots.
The governor remarked that since 2012, the state has been recording between 131,000 and 92,000 applications in JAMB to be leading in that regard, but regretted that the number that is always given admissions would always be like a pin thrown into an ocean, and that is why the state needs as many universities as possible to offer these young ones the much-needed admissions.
Rochas Okorocha also said that education is the biggest industry in the state and assured Pastor Lazarus Muoka that the state would support the church to ensure that the university is started and finished for academic activities to begin.


text:
Q: Memory error with simple for loop merging series onto a dataframe I have written a  function to perform a rolling sum on multiple columns then append the new rolling summed series as a column on the original data frame. Simple enough.
def rolling_sum(df, columns, w=3):

'''insert rolling sum for each column in list of columns for window (w) in months. '''

    for column in columns:

        print column + 'sum'+ str(3)

        df.index = df.date
        series = df.groupby(['pixel']).rolling(w)[column].sum() # no year. so rolls over dec-jan
        series = series.reset_index(level=[0,1])
        series.rename(index=str, columns={column: column + 'sum' + str(w)}, inplace=True)
        #df = df.merge(series, on=['pixel','date']) # unnecessary
        df = df.merge(series)

        print 'successful merge'

    return df

And 'lo 'n behold it works with one dataframe (1 GB) and it kind of works on another (They are merging on the exact same columns-- both an object 'date' [2012-06] and float64 'pixel' [1000.1]).
The semi failing case seems to be eating up RAM profusely after the second or third column. It is as if it is storing a bunch of unnecessary memory somehow. This df is only 100 MB and I have tried downsizing it to 10 MB and it still does the same thing, but makes it to the fourth column or so.
Any ideas on how to trouble shoot this thing?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The highly expected tool, Electra1131 Untethered jailbreak for iOS 11.3.1 and iOS 11.4 has finally been released for iPhone X, 8 Plus, 7 Plus, 6S, iPad Air and Mini. Download it now and open the path to iOS 11 customization through Cydia tweaks.
We have been reporting about progress of Electra jailbreak for quite few weeks. Earlier, it was informed that Electra jailbreak for iOS 11.3 and iOS 11.4 will be released very soon. It happened and now we have the tools with us in final version.
For those who do not know, Electra1131 jailbreak tool is mastermind of Coolstar, a famous jailbreak developer.
Download Electra1131 Jailbreak IPA file.
Install Cydia Impactor and then connect your iDevice to your system.
Drag and drop the Electra1131 .ipa file inside Cydia Impactor.
Enter your Apple ID details and proceed.
Once there, follow the on-screen instructions.
Once Electra1131 is sideloaded, go to Settings -> General -> Profile and Device Management.
Trust the Electra1131 app there. Now you are free to launch Electra Jailbreak app for iOS 11.3 and iOS 11.4 from your iDevice homescreen.
Tap on Jailbreak button to start the process.
Grab your coffee and wait for the jailbreak process to get finished.
Once done, you will be able to see Cydia icon on your homescreen.
Start installing your favorite Cydia tweaks for iOS 11.3 and iOS 11.4 and enjoy. We will soon publish a list of iOS 11.3 Electra1131 compatible Cydia tweaks, so stay tuned.


text:
Vir Advances Antibodies Against COVID-19, CEO Leads BIO's Coronavirus Outreach
Mandy Jackson
@ScripMandy
Xconomy National —
Scrip talked to George Scangos about his dual roles in the pandemic response, helming Vir as the company tests antibody and siRNA approaches while working with BIO to facilitate coronavirus collaborations.
George Scangos made a surprising shift when the former Biogen CEO left the world of big biotech to lead an infectious disease-focused start-up. Vir Biotechnology (NASDAQ: VIR) emerged in early 2017 with $150m and quickly brought its fundraising total later that year to more than $500m. The company went public late last year and Vir's participation in the search for a coronavirus treatment has thrust the company into the spotlight in the last month, and elevated Scangos's profile once again since he's also leading BIO's outreach to biotech firms to help get their coronavirus ideas from concept to clinical trials.
Vir's stock has surged from $12.15 at the start of the year to $39.76 as of 20 March as it revealed three different partnerships to manufacture and develop antibodies and short interfering RNA (siRNA) medicines to treat COVID-19.
In an interview with Scrip, Scangos noted that many companies want to apply their expertise to the rapid search for COVID-19 vaccines and cures, but they don't know where to start and don't have the resources to go it alone.
"There are a number of biotech companies who have either early-stage research programs, marketed products or technologies that they would like to test to see if they have the capability to do something for COVID," Scangos said. "One of the things BIO would like to do is facilitate interactions between companies who have complementary strengths, so that they can work together."
He noted that companies are willing to form partnerships now to get work started rapidly and work out the commercial details later. That's what his company did when it signed an agreement to have Biogen manufacture antibodies that Vir is advancing as potential treatments for COVID-19.
"It is an opportunity for the biotech industry and the companies in that industry to step up and work together collectively so that we can do something to head off this pandemic," Scangos said. "My role has been to work with the staff at BIO and the members of the board at BIO to make those things happen. The other function I think BIO can serve is information, not only to its member companies but to the public and to other groups that are wanting to know what it is that BIO can do and what it is doing."
San Francisco-based Vir's employees are largely working from home with the exception of scientists who work in the lab, as the state of California has ordered residents to shelter in place to reduce the spread of the coronavirus.
"Everybody at Vir and I think across the industry is working under conditions that they're not used to working in and people have been working flat out. The day starts really early and it goes very late," Scangos said. He noted that Vir and others across the biopharmaceutical industry "feel an incredible sense of urgency" to bring forward COVID-19 treatments and vaccines.
Using Antibodies To Neutralize Infections
One of the technology platforms that Vir is applying to COVID-19 is its antibody platform, which the company uses to isolate antibodies from patients who have recovered from infectious diseases and then engineers those antibodies to enhance their therapeutic effects.
"We have done that repeatedly in the past with success," Scangos said. "During one of the Ebola outbreaks we had isolated, from a patient who recovered from Ebola, antibodies to Ebola. We screened many thousands of antibodies in order to find two that were capable of actually blocking an Ebola infection and seemed to have other properties."
One of those, called mAb114, was isolated by one of Vir's scientists as part of a collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which tested the antibody and an antibody therapeutic from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: REGN) to see how each candidate worked in Ebola patients; both were more effective than Mapp Biopharmaceutical's ZMapp.
MAb114 is being tested in an NIH-led Phase 2/3 trial in Africa with initial data published last November in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP entered into a patent license agreement with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for mAb114 in November 2018 and is moving it forward with the goal of eventual US Food and Drug Administration approval. Vir retains an economic interest in mAb114 and may be eligible for payments.
Vir's antibody platform also yielded VIR-2482 for prophylactic use against influenza A, which the company is testing in a Phase 1 clinical trial in human volunteers. VIR-2482 is engineered with a long half-life that should cover patients for the entire flu season, which typically is about five to six months long.
"We have a pan-flu antibody that recognizes all strains of influenza A that have arisen since the 1918 pandemic. It also recognizes many strains of flu that have never been in humans, so avian strains that could be the source of the next pandemic, and we're bringing that forward as a better way to prevent flu than a vaccine," Scangos said.
He noted that flu vaccines usually are effective against only about 40% of flu strains in a given season and they are even less effective for the elderly and other high-risk populations, because manufacturers have to guess in the fall which strain will be active a year later before they manufacture their vaccines in the spring. Also, not everyone who receives the flu vaccine generates an effective immune response.
"We're giving them the antibody that provides the response, so it can overcome both of those limitations," Scangos said. "And we have really effective antibodies that look like they're effective against Zika, dengue and other infections. We are using the same approach for coronaviruses."
Vir isolated a large number of antibodies that were capable of neutralizing SARS after the last SARS epidemic. In anticipation that additional outbreaks would emerge, the company screened some of those antibodies for their ability to neutralize coronaviruses before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.
"We had a running start to screen our antibodies against CoV-2, which we have done, and at the same time we had gone back to SARS patients and identified some additional antibodies," Scangos said. "We have serum from recovered COVID patients, so we have a large number of antibodies that are in process and our goal is to move those forward and get them through manufacturing and into clinical testing as soon as we can."
Vir has not given any guidance on when it will identify a COVID-19 antibody that can be taken into clinical trials, but it anticipates making a more specific disclosure within a few weeks or months.
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Mandy Jackson is the US West Coast Editor for Scrip Intelligence. Follow @ScripMandy
Biotech Startups: How to Succeed in a COVID-19 World
Industry experts explain what it takes to launch a new biotech company


text:
IYC Postage Stamp Central
Activity by Daniel Rabinovich | added on Jan 14, 2011 | International
Sponsor(s): IUPAC
A collection of IYC-related stamps issued during 2011.
Many countries and postal authorities will join in the celebrations of IYC by issuing postage stamps related to chemistry. Topics may include famous chemists (e.g., Marie Curie) and their accomplishments, indutrial chemistry, molecules, glassware and, in general, the many ways in which the value and importance of chemistry to society can be recognized and promoted. This activity will strive to provide a platform for keeping the general public informed of all new IYC stamps issued in 2011 and a resource for educators and postage stamp enthusiasts alike.
Topic: celebrating chemistry, conferences, chemistry education, seminars, educational materials, chemistry, art, philately, stamp collecting, physics, hobbies, stamp Audience: students, professional chemists, professors, educators, general public, industrial chemists, post graduate students, universities, teachers, research scientists, women chemists, decision makers, educational institutions, tertiary education, secondary school students, secondary schools, school children, high schools, graduate students, secondary schools students
Daniel Rabinovich | Feb 07, 2011 06:13AM
Well, here's a first update on reliable information I have at hand:
The first IYC stamps, a nice pair from Israel that feature the molecular structures of ubiquitin and the ribosome and honor the Israeli scientists that contributed to the elucidation of their structures and function (and received Nobel Prizes in Chemistry for their achievements), were issued on January 4th, 2011.
Both Belgium and Slovakia issued IYC-themed stamps on January 17, 2011 (see attached photos). Both stamps show the formulas of water and carbon dioxide, and the selvage of the one from Slovakia includes the IYC logo.
Next is a stamp from France that features a "classic" portrait of Marie Curie in her laboratory, issued on January 17, 2011.
I believe Sri Lanka has also issued a chemistry-related stamp on January 30th, but I have not seen it yet. Months ago I read somewhere that the plan was for five (!) different stamps, but I don't know how many were actually issued. Any information to share with everyone at this site would be appreciated.
I got today a jpg of the stamp from Sri Lanka (thanks to Linda Wang from C&E News...).
Javier Garcia-Martinez | Feb 12, 2011 10:28PM
Here is the link to the Spanish stamp, issued last week
http://www.correos.es/comun/Filatelia/2011/0450_11-seleccionaSello.asp?idSello=2022011&idiom=ENG&idiomaWebActual=ES
Daniel Rabinovich | Feb 27, 2011 03:57PM
I've added to the site high-resolution scans of the stamps from Belgium, Slovakia, Sri Lanka and Spain. Enjoy.-
Here's also a pretty good image of the Swiss stamp to be issued on March 3rd, and which is already available for purchase at the Swiss Post online philatelic store.
Daniel Rabinovich | Mar 06, 2011 04:24AM
Looks like the next country to issue IYC stamps will be Indonesia, with a pair of stamps due out on March 23rd. Thanks to Linda Wang, Associate Editor of C&E News, for the tip.-
Well, it turns out the the "next" stamp is actually one from Jersey, a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy in France. The stamp features Marie Curie and is one of four in the "Women of Achievement" set issued TODAY (March 8, 2011). The other three women on the set are Dame Margot Fonteyn (a notable English ballerina), Florence Nightingale (a celebrated nurse) and Mother Teresa (founder of the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta).
Eric Scerri | Mar 14, 2011 03:44PM
Thanks for putting this collection together Dan.
I share your love for postage stamps. I found the Swiss stamp especially striking.
Eric Scerri
http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Chemistry/?view=usa&ci=9780195305739
Daniel Rabinovich | Mar 14, 2011 04:00PM
The two stamps from Indonesia were apparently issued ahead of schedule, on March 1. I'll be posting the corresponding images soon.-
Bosnia and Herzegovina has recently isued a stamp to celebrate the centennial of Marie Curie's Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911). However, the stamp makes no mention of the International Year of Chemistry....! I will also be posting an image shortly.
Fabienne Meyers | Mar 15, 2011 12:42PM
Take a look at this review publised by C&EN on March 14, 2011: http://pubs.acs.org/cen/newscripts/89/8911newscripts.html
I've uploaded better (i.e., higher resolution) scans of the stamps from France, Switzerland and Jersey. Still waiting for those from Indonesia & Bosnia and Herzegovina...
Steven Ardron | Mar 20, 2011 05:33PM
I've done a quick search of the websites of several European Postal Authorities that publish their stamp issue plans. Romania (one stamp, May) and Poland (two stamps, November, in a block) are all that I could find.
Norway, Estonia and Latvia, Hungary and Belarus don't seem to be covering the International Year of Chemistry. Sweden and Finalnd don't give any information on their future issues - at least, I couldn't find anything.
The Polish stamps ares also linked - liked the Bosnia & Herzegovina and Jersey issues - to the celebration of the 100 year anniversary of the award of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to Marie Curie.
The date of issue of the stamp from Bosnia & Herzegovina appears to have been March 8, but I still need to confirm this. I'll post a better image as soon as available.-
Customized IYC stamp.
ubiquitin: Israel IYC stamp - January 4, 2011
ribosome: Israel IYC stamp - January 4, 2011
Belgium IYC stamp - Jan. 17, 2011
Slovakia IYC stamp - Jan. 17, 2011
France IYC stamp - Jan. 27, 2011
Sri Lanka IYC stamp - Jan. 30, 2011
IYC stamp from Spain - Feb 7, 2011
Switzerland - IYC stamp - March 3, 2011
IYC stamp from Jersey - March 8, 2011
IYC stamps from Indonesia - March 1, 2011
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Curie stamp (2011)


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4K News
Science July 28th at 10:52 AM
Stunning 4K video shows Mars as you've never seen it before
NASA's several successful Mars missions have yielded a treasure trove of gorgeous images of the Red Planet. A new YouTube video showcases some of the best images captured by the rovers in upscaled >>
Science November 12th at 6:35 PM
Watch Mercury transit the Sun in glorious 4K
Monday was a big day for astronomers around the world as it provided the rare opportunity to see Mercury transit the Sun. If you missed all the hype leading up to the event >>
Amazon just announced a new Fire TV with 4K, HDR, and Dolby Atmos
By Mike Wehner September 27th at 2:42 PM
Entertainment September 25th at 7:43 PM
Amazon cuts prices of 4K movies and shows days after the Apple TV 4K launches
By Jacob Siegal September 25th at 7:43 PM
Entertainment September 23rd at 1:01 AM
Apple TV's 4K content comes with some major strings attached
By Chris Smith September 23rd at 1:01 AM
Business August 29th at 10:33 AM
Apple wants to sell 4K movies for $20 on iTunes, but Hollywood is pushing back
With its next major media event reportedly set for September 12th, Apple is working hard to make sure everything comes together in time. Unfortunately, the Cupertino company appears to have hit a snag >>
Tech June 22nd at 10:02 PM
LG made a massive, flexible 4K OLED display that is taller than a person
Setting new records in consumer tech is always an odd topic for a pretty obvious reason: the relentless advancement of technology means new "firsts" arrive on a near daily basis. Despite that, LG >>
Tech November 28th at 2:23 PM
Netflix 4K streaming on the PC is here, but the hardware requirements are ridiculous
By Yoni Heisler November 28th at 2:23 PM
Netflix 4K streaming finally hits the PC, but there's a big, annoying, Edge-shaped catch
By Yoni Heisler November 26th at 9:55 AM
Leaked image gives us our first look at Google's 4K Chromecast Ultra
Next Tuesday, Google is going to hold a massive launch event in San Francisco, where it is expected to debut two Android smartphones (Pixel and Pixel XL), the AI-powered Google Home personal assistant >>
Tech September 5th at 7:30 AM
Best Buy Labor Day Weekend sale: Xbox One S console and 55-inch 4K TV for $800
Looking for a good excuse to buy Microsoft's newest Xbox console and maybe snatch up a brand new TV to go along with it? Best Buy's got you covered, as it just rolled >>
Tech April 7th at 7:45 PM
Why you should record in 4K even if you have a 1080p HD display
By Yoni Heisler April 7th at 7:45 PM
Tech December 28th at 1:25 PM
Stop the madness: We don't need 4K smartphone displays
By Brad Reed December 28th at 1:25 PM
Tech December 1st at 10:45 PM
DirecTV to launch lineup of 4K channels in 'early 2016'
While there's no denying that the picture quality provided by 4K HDTVs is absolutely stunning, a longstanding impediment towards widespread adoption is that there remains a frustrating scarcity of true 4K content. DirecTV >>
Tech October 12th at 3:51 PM
Watch this now: This is why we need 4K iPhones and Android phones
A lot of people probably aren't recording a lot of 4K videos with their smartphones, particularly if they only have a measly 16GB of storage to work with. Yet, as the following video will >>
Video: This is what 4K video filmed on iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus looks like
720p vs. 1080p vs. 4K resolution: Does it really make a difference?
By Jacob Siegal September 18th at 12:28 PM
NASA just announced a 4K TV channel


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12 People Who Made a Living Eating Inedible Things
By Danny Gallagher
Remember that kid in elementary school who would eat anything for a quarter? It turns out he wasn't just trying to make up for a lack of personality to make friends or get attention. He was preparing himself for a career in show business. Thanks to the rise of the vaudeville and the circus sideshow, performers throughout history and even the modern stage have been practicing the strange art of digestion and regurgitation. They take seemingly inedible objects and choke them down before your very eyes. Here's a look at some of the world's greatest "human ostriches."
1. Todd Robbins
This renowned illusionist, trickster and sideshow aficionado has carved an interesting career out of shocking his audiences. He's perhaps best known for a trick that few people know how to do because it is very dangerous: lightbulb eating.
He learned the trick from an old Coney Island sideshow performer when he was a teenager and since then he's eaten over 4000 lightbulbs. The only major injury he suffered while performing the trick is a broken tooth that exposed a raw nerve. The trick became the centerpiece of a very successful, very bloody and very scary off-Broadway spook show called Play Dead that he co-wrote with Teller of Penn & Teller.
2. Michel Lotito
The French entertainer known as "Monsieur Mangetout" ("Mr. Eat-All") set world records by eating seemingly inedible metal objects from nails to bicycles. His career, however, started not because of his strange talent. It came from a strange medical condition.
Lotito suffered from Pica, a medical disorder that drives people to eat inedible things. It started after he accidentally swallowed a piece of glass in a swimming pool when he was 16. Since then, he ate bits of metal and glass to impress his friends and eventually turned the weird trick into a career leading to his most impressive meal: a Cessna 150 light aircraft. It took two years to eat the whole thing.
3. Louis Cole
The rise of the Internet and YouTube gave all sorts of shameless people the chance to humiliate themselves for fun and profit. This southwest London resident is no exception.
Cole's "Food for Louis" channel presents him with an ultimate series of challenges to eat all sorts of unusual, disgusting, and dead animals without any preparation. They go straight from his plate directly into his mouth, sometimes while they are still living. He started taking dares from his friends to choke down things like spiders, rotten apples, and wasps, and eventually started making a living by creating his own popular YouTube channel to take on bigger challenges from the rest of the world. Some of his more unusual dining moments include roadkill straight from the road, blended mice, raw pig's eyeballs, and 21 live locusts.
4. Stevie Starr
The almost forgotten art of regurgitation, the act of swallowing something and bringing it up again on command, has undergone a resurgence thanks to this legendary Scottish showman.
Starr claims he learned his art at a young age by swallowing his pocket change to hide it from bullies. He has since graduated to bigger and tougher objects such as lightbulbs, billiard balls, and Rubik's Cubes. He not only brings up the objects intact but also claims he can manipulate them with the muscles in his stomach or even bring them back in a different order. His signature trick involves taking a ring from a member of the audience and swallowing it with a closed lock and a key. When he brings the objects back up, the ring has been placed in the lock while all three are in his stomach. Some have speculated his technique involves sleight of hand but doctors and magicians have been unable to figure out the gimmick—assuming he uses one.
5. Henry Harrison
One of the first and best sideshow eaters may have technically been a freak—but the ladies didn't think so. The Syracuse, New York native had a storied career throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s as the "human ostrich." He would eat just about anything that audiences could throw at him, including pocket-knives, pins, nails, screws, and glass, with seemingly no discomfort whatsoever. He learned the skill at age 6 after accidentally swallowing one of his mother's pins. When his mother learned he had swallowed one, she took him to a surgeon, who found 40 more pins in his stomach. The only serious malady occurred when he tried to swallow an entire package of tacks and the packaging became lodged in his intestine.
He was also known for being something of a player. Those who saw him described him as quite handsome and he was often seen leaving his New York shows with more than one girl on his arm.
6. John Fasel
This Williamsburg, New York tailor found an interesting way to bring in some extra money, but his sideshow career didn't last long.
Fasel also became a "human ostrich" in 1900 by swallowing metal objects whole, including nails, pocketwatches, keys, and knives. Unfortunately, his time in the spotlight was short lived because his digestive system wasn't able to fully digest the bits of metal he left in his stomach. His talent almost killed him in 1901—doctors had to cut him open to remove the metal objects he swallowed on stage, which included three watch chains, five hairpins, 12 horseshoe nails, three keys, a ring, and 128 pins. Somehow, he recovered, but returned to his old trick four years later after swearing off the stunt by challenging another "human ostrich" to an eat-off at a Brooklyn gala.
7. Dagmar Rothman
Photo Courtesy of The Human Marvels
The man known as The Great Waldo was also one of the greatest regurgitators of all time. He grew up in Germany just before the start of World War II and fell in love with the circus, particularly the sideshow acts who taught him how to swallow and bring up objects at will. He fled to Switzerland after Adolf Hitler invaded Austria and found a place for his art in nightclubs and theaters. A talent scout from America discovered him and brought him back to the States, where he became a sideshow legend. He also elevated the art of regurgitation by not only swallowing inanimate objects and bringing them back, but by swallowing live animals such as white mice and frogs and bring them back up completely unharmed (at least not physically, we assume).
8. Hadji Ali
This notorious vaudevillian had a gift for gastrointestinal fortitude that made him one of the biggest variety stars of his time and the object of desire of some of the silver screen's biggest movie stars.
The mysterious Arab figure who found fame in the 1920s was actually born in Wolverthampton, England. He toured dressed as a mystic Middle Eastern man willing to swallow any number of items including watermelon seeds and whole walnuts, who could also bring them back up in any order. His signature trick, one that landed him an appearance in the Spanish language version of Laurel and Hardy's film "Chickens Come Home," involved swallowing a ridiculous amount of water and topping it off with a large dose of kerosene. He would then vomit the mixture back on a small flaming castle brought on the stage to the shock of his audiences. He was so well known in his time that actress Judy Garland called him her favorite vaudevillian.
9. The Enigma
This puzzling performer got his start with one of the world's most famous traveling sideshows, the Jim Rose Circus.
The Enigma (real name: Paul Lawrence) toured with the legendary grunge circus during its Seattle days in the early 1990s. He started as "Slug," swallowing any number of tiny animals such as crickets, maggots, and worms before getting a full tattoo of a puzzle over his entire body and horns implanted in his skull to become The Enigma. He made numerous television appearances, including on an infamous episode of The X-Files called "Humbug." Rose offers Scully a live cricket to eat (which Gillian Anderson immediately spat out after the cameras stopped rolling).
10. Chaz Chase
One of vaudeville's longest working performers also had one of its more unusual acts.
Chase looked like a typical circus clown, but his performance cast him in a much different light. He became renowned for being able to eat just about anything put in front of him including paper, lit matches, coins, flowers and cigarettes. He appeared in several silent films and worked well into his 70s and 80s with a surprising amount of exuberance and agility for a man his age. He also did quite a bit of touring around the world and was required to bring along a large amount of items to swallow, which sometimes got him in trouble. According to one report from 1947, customs officials in Sydney, Australia refused to let him into the country after they caught him carrying more than 400 cigarettes and 75 cigars. He had to perform his bizarre act for the agents to prove that he wasn't a smuggler.
11. Tom Mullica
Mullica, one of the world's best known comic magicians, had an act that turned heads and stomachs: He would seemingly smoke and swallow an entire package of lit cigarettes. He would light them one at a time and hold them in his mouth as they were still lit and bring each back so he could add them to the pile before choking them all down with a handful of napkins. He eventually retired the act after he quit smoking.
12. Tokyo Shock Boys
This slapstick stunt show that started in Japan has performed all kinds of painful and humiliating acts in their 30 years in show business. They even include some things that aren't really tricks, but closer to public displays of torture for our twisted amusement.
This furious foursome came together in the 1990s while they worked as roadies during Paul McCartney's tour of Japan. Their appearances on some local variety shows made them stars practically overnight and gave them their own long-running stage show that has since toured all over the world. Most of their act consists of Jackass-style stunts such as breaking a cactus in half with their butt cheeks and wearing a diaper filled with lit firecrackers. They are also known to eat unusual things, such as dishwashing soap and detergent, and to swallow whole chunks of dry ice.
For 12-12-12, we'll be posting twenty-four '12 lists' throughout the day. Check back 12 minutes after every hour for the latest installment, or see them all here.
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 佛學講座 - 佛學問答(English) - What yummy stacks are there for the blandness of taste resulting from a vegetarian diet?
首頁 > 佛學問答(Englsih) > What yummy stacks are there for the blandness of taste resulting from a vegetarian diet?
What yummy stacks are there for the blandness of taste resulting from a vegetarian diet?
stirfried cucumber and celery to make a most palatable dish.


The Maryland state legislature has approved a bill that would establish automatic voter registration, streamlining the process at the Motor Vehicle Administration and other government offices. It now moves to the Governor's desk.
Late today, the U.S. Commerce Department announced it would include a question about citizenship status on the 2020 census. The Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law said such a move will drive down participation in the census, leading to a systematic undercount that will have damaging effects on our democracy for a decade or more.
The latest spending bill from Congress appropriates $380 million in critical election infrastructure funds. But will it be sufficient to replace the country's most vulnerable voting machines?


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Just another Facts Center Sites site
What do pole dancers do? – Fitness Pole Dancing Classes Near Me Hipnotizo
Pole dancers spend much of their time on the mat. The pole they're wearing is the one they'll be standing on for the rest of the performance. The pole is a platform from which to perform and can be made up of different lengths to show off different styles or for different body types. You'll often see their costumes, as they're a form of clothing they're very comfortable in. It's important for them to have control of the pole as they dance around it. While there's often a specific move for a pole dancer, other artists will often create their own moves which they think will be fun and show off their versatility as a dancer and performer.
Pole dancers are a group of performers who perform on the front lines of the physical world. They have their entire lives ahead of them. They're ready to put in hard work every day, and for them, being able to show off their physicality and abilities as a dancer is incredibly important.
How far would you go to save them?
After news of the terrorist attacks in Brussels was made public, we knew that one of the most influential voices in Europe could also be a man with a terrorist background. Yet at the time of the first of the terror attacks, Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel, 21, was reportedly a student at the University of Lille, Paris. He had no visible record, apart from a criminal record which included numerous traffic and speeding violations. However, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has stated on numerous occasions that there is no proof that the French citizen was the terrorist who drove a truck into crowds of people celebrating Bastille Day in Nice on July 14, 2016. The decision is in line with the Strasbourg-based judges that ruled in 2013 that Bouhlel was not guilty of "deliberate murder through terrorist acts" over the murders of 11, dead and injured in the 2012 attacks on the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris.
A spokesperson from the Court of Appeal in Paris said the "probable cause" for the initial criminal charges against Bouhlel was not established. The ECHR's ruling noted that evidence that could prove that he committed his crimes before his 20th birthday was not "sufficient to establish the criminality in the present case, and a second trial is not necessary." The ECHR went on to note that, after reviewing various information and circumstances, the Court found that the "facts of the case are as follows: that after obtaining
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What do pole dancers do? – Pole Dance Moves That Involve Legs Only Ache
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Our people are passionate about what they do, delivering the exceptional time and again.
Consistently achieving excellence doesn't happen by chance. Which is why we are committed to investing in and supporting our people throughout their careers to reach their full potential.
We take the time to listen to our people and understand their hopes and aspirations, working with them to chart the career path that's right for them.
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Developing their expertise in this way improves the services we offer, creating more value for our clients and helping us build for a successful future.
It also makes for an incredibly rewarding career working with a company which is proudly building Britain's future heritage.
Tyler Penwill worked with us at the new US embassy in London during his degree and he's now part of our team at Battersea Phase 3.


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Local stations facing closure
Giffnock Police station is one of the offices mentioned in the review.
Police Scotland have announced they may be shutting 58 local stations across Scotland, with three on the southside listed among them.
Under the shadow of the axe are the local offices located in Pollokshaws, Barrhead and Giffnock. The single force are looking to rationalise their estate in a wide-ranging review of current locations across the whole of Scotland.
The outlook for local policing on the southside looks bleak with the distinct possibility that when offices are deemed 'surplus to operational requirements', staff will be moved to shared space elsewhere, leaving particular areas with the very real possibility of having no immediate police presence.
Details of the proposals only emerged after BBC Scotland lodged a Freedom of Information request. This has led to accusations of secrecy and claims that local communities have been kept in the dark about the proposals.
Jackson Carlaw MSP, told The Extra: "First we had the SNP Scottish Government reducing the opening hours of our local police stations until we only had 9 to 5 justice and now they want to do away with the community policing in its totality.
"It is not as yet clear what the closure of police offices in Pollokshaws, Barrhead and Giffnock will mean for local residents and I shall write to the Cabinet Secretary for Justice to seek urgent clarification on these closures.
"This continued nationalisation of local matters is disgraceful and many will rightly be asking for what long term benefit?"
Giffnock Soccer Centre staff partners up with mental health charity