If you're among the 40% of American moms who have to juggle a family life and full-time work, then your plate is already full. You might as well take heart in the fact that you're not alone – it's estimated that women make up nearly 50% of the US workforce. Being a full-time working mom, however, is no picnic.
Consider the followings 8 tips to ace being a working mom and move a step closer to striking the perfect work-family balance.
When you are a full-time working mom, you can end up feeling the stress and guilt of dividing your attention between family and work. That's why letting go of the guilt is the first step in the right direction. Instead of dwelling on it, think of the good that your work brings to the family.
If you have a preschooler, it's a wise decision to look for the best daycare center, nanny or babysitter. Knowing that your child is in good hands will certainly take immense pressure off of you. As such, you need to reach out to your network of family and friends for recommendations. Carry out interviews, view testimonials, ask for references, read online reviews and perform your due diligence to zero in on the best help.
You don't want to start your days on the wrong foot. Plan what you'll make for breakfast, pack your kids' lunches, refill the diaper bag, lay out their clothes, and get everything possible ready the night before. It'll save you lots of morning nightmares.
Being a mom means staying on top of family activities, interests, and whatnot. Your calendar should be organized with the help of each member of the family. Don't forget to include bills due dates, chore charts, family events, birthdays, and so on.
Being a working mom is stressful enough. You need something to de-stress and which will keep you from losing it. While a glass of wine might do you justice; it's best to stick with a few sessions of yoga or mindful meditation.
It's important to stay in touch with your spouse, nanny and even kids throughout the day. Chatting, texting or a simple phone call can do the trick. You can also have an internet-connected webcam installed in your toddler's room so you can keep an eye on him/her throughout the day if you have an in-home nanny.
You need to stay be disciplined with your time. Avoid spending too much time reading emails, going through social media or making phone calls while at home.
It is important to stay connected with your family, have bonding time and release stress while having fun. Vacations allow your family to spend quality time together and relax while escaping the everyday stresses of life. As a result, when you return to work you will be feel more refreshed and be more productive.


India, a court heard yesterday.
them that money had not been the motive.
admitted one of the offences.
two men had now repaid in full to Customs.
deal in any investment such as gold bullion,'' said Mr Glass.
exported, received zero rating status.
Customs stamp to lend authenticity to the scheme, said Mr Glass.
coincide with the officer's holiday.
had been smuggled to dealers in India in false-bottomed packing cases.
themselves in this web of deceit,'' said Mr Glass.
VAT fraud. He could not remember the exact amount.
March 23 after a joint defence application supported by the prosecution.
following a bogus gems robbery three years ago in a New York hotel.
men's private Swiss bank accounts.


How to Help your Mom find the Perfect Dress for Your Big Day!
Your wedding is a huge moment in your life – but trust us when we say that it is equally amazing for your mother, too. In fact, your mom might have been thinking about what her daughter's wedding would be like just as long as you have been thinking about it, or even longer perhaps!
Obviously, you want the very best for your mom, so what are some of the most important things to keep in mind when helping your mother choose the right dress for your Big Day?
We've gathered some tips for you – so read on and find out more.
· There are no rules as to what the mother of the bride can or cannot wear. Most frequently, however, the mother of the bride and the mother of the groom choose to wear colors that coordinate well with the wedding's theme and color scheme. One option is for them to coordinate and agree on dresses that are similar to each other in terms of length and cut (to avoid the risk of potentially making one or the other feel overdressed or underdressed).
· If geography permits it, it's often helpful to go with your mom when she shops for her mother-of-the-bride gown. Being there for her when she shops and tries on different options is not only helpful, but it can also be a time for making great memories. Hopefully she did the same with you when you were searching for your wedding dress, so why do it for her too? Helping your mom pick out a dress that flatters her, goes with the bridal theme and colors, and generally makes her feel good is something she will definitely appreciate!
· Don't be afraid to think out of the "classic mother of the bride dresses" and their cuts. For instance, illusion lace dresses and embroidered jackets are quite popular with mothers this year – and they can look amazing! Sophisticated and classy, these dresses are a true statement in their own right.
· Finally, an actual dress is not mandatory either. Some moms will feel more comfortable and still look elegant wearing a stylish pant suit. These are now available in trendy and flattering colors that should definitely be considered as well!
Have you booked all of your wedding vendors? If you are still searching for the best wedding specialists in New Mexico, be sure to contact New Mexico Wedding Expos & Guide. You will LOVE the amazing wedding pros you'll find!


I read once that the editorial page is the most widely-read part of the newspaper. So with that, I'm hoping that someone from the Buttermilk Ski Patrol sees this letter. I wanted to express my sincere gratitude to all the members of the Buttermilk Ski Patrol. Their unparalleled courtesy to me and my 3-year-old on a tough afternoon went far and beyond the call of duty. Recently, on the last run of the day, my son Colton fell asleep on the Summit Express chairlift. At the top of the mountain, in the snow, he decided to take a nap and wouldn't move a muscle. Any other day, I would have cherished an afternoon nap. On this day, however, at the top of Buttermilk with the cold becoming more intense, I was less than enthusiastic. Someone from ski patrol saw my dilemma and rushed over to help. Within minutes, Colton was sipping hot chocolate, petting Zara, the mountain rescue dog, and being fawned over by the amazing team. As if that weren't enough, Joe took Colton down the mountain on his snowmobile. It was a wonderful end to a great day on the mountain. I've skied many places and there is no place like Colorado, no place like Buttermilk and no team better than the Buttermilk Ski Patrol.


text:
Scale analysis of natural convection
Co-Founding Editor (Talk | contribs)
Current revision as of 11:36, 10 July 2010 (view source)
Yuwen Zhang (Talk | contribs)
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While scale analysis cannot provide the exact functions in eq. (6.36), the form of these functions can be provided [[#References|(Bejan, 2004)]]. Let us refer to Fig. 6.1 and consider the governing equations in the thermal boundary layer (<math>y\sim {{\delta }_{t}}</math>) for the entire flat plate (<math>x\sim L</math>). The thickness of the thermal boundary layer in which the effects of the heated wall are felt is much smaller than the length of the vertical plate, i.e. <math>{{\delta }_{t}}\ll L</math>. For the continuity equation (6.17) to be satisfied, the scales of the two terms must be the same:<math>\frac{u}{L}\sim \frac{v}{{{\delta }_{t}}}</math>
==Scaling==
[[Image:Natural convection over a vertical flat plate.jpg|thumb|300 px|alt=Natural convection over a vertical flat plate (Pr >1) |'''Figure 1 Natural convection over a vertical flat plate (Pr >1).''']]
The average Nusselt number for natural convection can be expressed as:
<math>{{\overline{\text{Nu}}}_{L}}=f(\text{G}{{\text{r}}_{L}},\Pr )</math>
While scale analysis cannot provide the exact function in the above expression, the form of these functions can be provided [[#References|(Bejan, 2004)]]. Let us refer to Fig. 1 and consider the governing equations in the thermal boundary layer (''y'' ~ <math>{{\delta }_{t}}</math>) for the entire flat plate (''x'' ~ ''L''). The thickness of the thermal boundary layer in which the effects of the heated wall are felt is much smaller than the length of the vertical plate, i.e. <math>{{\delta }_{t}}\ll L</math>. For the continuity equation
<math>\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial v}{\partial y}=0</math>
to be satisfied, the scales of the two terms must be the same:
<math>\frac{u}{L}\sim \frac{v}{{{\delta }_{t}}}</math>
The scale of the velocity component in the y-direction is therefore:
which indicates that <math>v\ll u</math> for flow in the thermal boundary layer. The scale of the velocity component in the x-direction, ''u'', is still unknown at this point.
While the left hand side of the energy equation (6.21) shows the effect of advection, the right-hand side shows the effect of diffusion. The scales of the two advective terms on the left hand side of eq. (6.21) are:<math>u\frac{\partial T}{\partial x}\sim u\frac{\Delta T}{L},\text{ }v\frac{\partial T}{\partial y}\sim v\frac{\Delta T}{{{\delta }_{t}}}\sim u\frac{\Delta T}{L}</math>
The energy equation is:
<math>u\frac{\partial T}{\partial x}+v\frac{\partial T}{\partial y}=\alpha \frac{{{\partial }^{2}}T}{\partial {{y}^{2}}}</math>
While the left hand side of the energy equation shows the effect of advection, the right-hand side shows the effect of diffusion. The scales of the two advective terms on the left hand side of energy equation are:
<math>u\frac{\partial T}{\partial x}\sim u\frac{\Delta T}{L},\text{ }v\frac{\partial T}{\partial y}\sim v\frac{\Delta T}{{{\delta }_{t}}}\sim u\frac{\Delta T}{L}</math>
which indicates that the scale of the second term on the left hand side of eq. (6.21) is identical to the scale of the first term when the scale of the velocity component in the y-direction is given by eq. (6.37). The temperature difference <math>\Delta T={{T}_{w}}-{{T}_{\infty }}</math> in the above scale analysis represents the scale of the excess temperature, <math>T-{{T}_{\infty }}</math>. The scale of the right-hand side of eq. (6.21) is: <math>\alpha \frac{{{\partial }^{2}}T}{\partial {{y}^{2}}}\sim \alpha \frac{\Delta T}{\delta _{t}^{2}}</math>
which indicates that the scale of the second term on the left hand side of energy equation is identical to the scale of the first term when the scale of the velocity component in the y-direction is given by eq. (1). The temperature difference <math>\Delta T={{T}_{w}}-{{T}_{\infty }}</math> in the above scale analysis represents the scale of the excess temperature, <math>T-{{T}_{\infty }}</math>. The scale of the right-hand side of energy equation is:
<math>\alpha \frac{{{\partial }^{2}}T}{\partial {{y}^{2}}}\sim \alpha \frac{\Delta T}{\delta _{t}^{2}}</math>
The scales of the two sides of the energy equation must be the same:<math>u\frac{\Delta T}{L}\sim \alpha \frac{\Delta T}{\delta _{t}^{2}}</math>
The scales of the two sides of the energy equation must be the same:
<math>u\frac{\Delta T}{L}\sim \alpha \frac{\Delta T}{\delta _{t}^{2}}</math>
The above equation can be used to estimate the scale of u as follows:
where the scale of the thermal boundary layer thickness, δt, is still unknown at this point.
The respective scales of the two inertial terms on the left-hand side of the momentum equation (6.20) are:
The momentum equation is
<math>u\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+v\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}=\nu \frac{{{\partial }^{2}}u}{\partial {{y}^{2}}}+g\beta (T-{{T}_{\infty }})</math>
The respective scales of the two inertial terms on the left-hand side of the momentum equation (10) are:
<math>u\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}\sim \frac{{{u}^{2}}}{L}</math>
<math>u\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}\sim \frac{{{u}^{2}}}{L}</math>
<math>v\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}\sim v\frac{u}{{{\delta }_{t}}}\sim \frac{{{u}^{2}}}{L}</math>
<math>v\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}\sim v\frac{u}{{{\delta }_{t}}}\sim \frac{{{u}^{2}}}{L}</math>
The respective scales of the viscosity and buoyancy terms on the right-hand side of eq. (6.20) are:
The respective scales of the viscosity and buoyancy terms on the right-hand side of momentum are:
<math>\nu \frac{{{\partial }^{2}}u}{\partial {{y}^{2}}}\sim \nu \frac{u}{\delta _{t}^{2}}</math>
<math>\nu \frac{{{\partial }^{2}}u}{\partial {{y}^{2}}}\sim \nu \frac{u}{\delta _{t}^{2}}</math>
<math>g\beta (T-{{T}_{\infty }})\sim g\beta \Delta T</math>
<math>g\beta (T-{{T}_{\infty }})\sim g\beta \Delta T</math>
We can very well see that three forces are at play in the boundary layer region, which are inertia, viscosity and buoyancy forces. Considering the scale of u obtained from eq. (2), the scales of these three forces are
Among these three forces, the buoyancy force is never negligible because without it natural convection would not occur. Therefore, the scale of buoyancy force can be used to measure the importance of the inertial and viscous forces. Dividing eq. (4) by the scale of buoyancy force, <math>g\beta \Delta T</math>
Among these three forces, the buoyancy force is never negligible because without it natural convection would not occur. Therefore, the scale of buoyancy force can be used to measure the importance of the inertial and viscous forces. Dividing eq. (4) by the scale of buoyancy force,
<math>g\beta \Delta T</math>
, one obtains the following:<math>\begin{matrix}
\frac{{{\alpha }^{2}}}{g\beta \Delta T{{L}^{3}}}{{\left( \frac{L}{{{\delta }_{t}}} \right)}^{4}}, & \frac{\nu \alpha }{g\beta \Delta T{{L}^{3}}}{{\left( \frac{L}{{{\delta }_{t}}} \right)}^{4}}, & 1 \\
\text{Inertia} & \text{Viscous} & \text{Buoyancy} \\
\end{matrix}</math>
\end{matrix}</math>
which can be expressed in terms of dimensionless parameters as [[#References|(Bejan, 2004)]]:
is the Rayleigh number that is related to the Grashof number by
is the Rayleigh number that is related to the Grashof number by <math>\text{R}{{\text{a}}_{L}}=\text{G}{{\text{r}}_{L}}\Pr </math>. Therefore, the relative importance of inertia and viscous forces depends on the Prandtl number, which is a property of the fluid. Thus, if the Prandtl number is high (<math>\Pr \gg 1</math>), the inertia term will be negligible and the viscosity term will balance the buoyancy term, whereas if the Prandtl number is low enough (<math>\Pr \ll 1</math>) – as for liquid metals – then the inertia term is considerable and balances the buoyancy term in steady state. The scale analysis for high- and low-Prandtl number fluids is presented in detail below.
<math>\text{R}{{\text{a}}_{L}}=\text{G}{{\text{r}}_{L}}\Pr </math>
. Therefore, the relative importance of inertia and viscous forces depends on the Prandtl number, which is a property of the fluid. Thus, if the Prandtl number is high (<math>\Pr \gg 1</math>), the inertia term will be negligible and the viscosity term will balance the buoyancy term, whereas if the Prandtl number is low enough (<math>\Pr \ll 1</math>) – as for liquid metals – then the inertia term is considerable and balances the buoyancy term in steady state. The scale analysis for high- and low-Prandtl number fluids is presented in detail below.
==High Prandtl Number Fluids==
For the case of high Prandtl number fluids, the kinematic viscosity of the fluid is much greater than its thermal diffusivity, so viscous force has a significant effect on the momentum equation and the effect of inertial force is negligible. The viscous force in fact balances the buoyancy force, and so from eq. (5), one obtains the following:
{| class="wikitable" border="0"
| width="100%" |
<math>{{\delta }_{t}}\sim L\text{Ra}_{L}^{-1/4}</math>
|{{EquationRef|(7)}}
Substituting eq. (7) into eqs. (2) and (3), the scales of the velocity components become:
<math>u\sim \frac{\alpha }{L}\text{Ra}_{L}^{1/2}</math>
<math>v\sim \frac{\alpha }{L}\text{Ra}_{L}^{1/4}</math>
The scale of the heat transfer coefficient can be obtained by analyzing the following equation
<math>{{h}_{x}}=-\frac{k}{{{T}_{w}}-{{T}_{\infty }}}{{\left( \frac{\partial T}{\partial y} \right)}_{y=0}}</math>
i.,e.,
<math>{{h}_{x}}=\frac{-k{{\left( \frac{\partial T}{\partial y} \right)}_{y=0}}}{{{T}_{w}}-{{T}_{\infty }}}\sim \frac{k(\Delta T/{{\delta }_{t}})}{\Delta T}=\frac{k}{{{\delta }_{t}}}</math>
The scale of Nusselt number is therefore:
<math>\text{Nu}=\frac{{{h}_{x}}L}{k}\sim \frac{L}{{{\delta }_{t}}}\sim \text{Ra}_{L}^{1/4}</math>
|{{EquationRef|(10)}}
which will be confirmed by exact solution.
For the case of high Prandtl number fluids the momentum boundary layer thickness, δ, is much greater than the thermal boundary layer thickness, δt (see Fig. 1). While the above scale analysis indicated that flow within the thermal boundary layer is dominated by balance between the buoyancy force and the viscous force, buoyancy force does not exist beyond the thermal boundary layer. Therefore, the velocity that is developed outside the thermal boundary layer but within the momentum boundary layer results from the viscous drag of the thermal boundary layer. Therefore, the flow between the thermal and momentum boundary layers is dominated by the balance between the viscous force and the inertial force. Since the thermal boundary layer is very thin for the case of <math>\Pr \gg 1</math>, there exists a balance between inertia and viscosity in the momentum equation over the entire momentum boundary layer.
Refer to Fig. 1 once again and consider the momentum equation of the momentum boundary layer (''y'' ~ <math> \delta </math>) for the entire flat plate (''x'' ~ ''L''). The thickness of the momentum boundary layer is much smaller than the length of the vertical plate, i.e. <math>\delta \ll L</math>. The force balance in the momentum boundary layer between inertial and viscous forces gives us:
<math>\frac{{{u}^{2}}}{L}\sim \nu \frac{u}{{{\delta }^{2}}}</math>
where the vertical velocity component, u, is induced by the thin thermal boundary layer. Substituting eq. (8) into the above equation yields the scale of the momentum boundary layer:
<math>\delta \sim L\text{Ra}_{L}^{-1/4}{{\Pr }^{1/2}}</math>
Comparing eqs. (11) and (7) gives us the following relationship between the thicknesses of the momentum and thermal boundary layers:
<math>\frac{\delta }{{{\delta }_{t}}}\sim {{\Pr }^{1/2}}>1</math>
It is evident that the greater the Prandtl number, the greater the ratio of δ/δt. This means that the region of unheated fluid which is being driven vertically by the heated layer due to viscous action is thicker for fluids with a higher Prandtl number.
==Low Prandtl Number Fluids ==
In the case of low Prandtl number, eq. (5) indicates that inertial force has a significant effect on the momentum equation, while the effect of viscous force is negligible. The momentum equation requires that the inertia term to be balanced by the buoyancy term, i.e.,
<math>{{\delta }_{t}}\sim L{{\text{(R}{{\text{a}}_{L}}\Pr )}^{-1/4}}</math>
Substituting eq. (13) into eqs. (2) and (3), the scales of the velocity components become:
<math>u\sim \frac{\alpha }{L}{{\text{(R}{{\text{a}}_{L}}\Pr )}^{1/2}}</math>
<math>v\sim \frac{\alpha }{L}{{\text{(R}{{\text{a}}_{L}}\Pr )}^{1/4}}</math>
[[Image:Natural convection over a vertical flat plate 2.jpg|thumb|400 px|alt=Natural convection over a vertical flat plate (Pr < 1) |'''Figure 2 Natural convection over a vertical flat plate (Pr < 1).''']]
The scale of the Nusselt number is:
<math>\text{Nu}\sim \frac{L}{{{\delta }_{t}}}\sim {{\text{(R}{{\text{a}}_{L}}\Pr )}^{1/4}}</math>
Since the Prandtl number is much less than 1, the thermal boundary layer is driven upwards by buoyancy and is restrained by inertia. Beyond the thermal boundary layer region, where there is no heating effect and consequently no buoyancy effect, the fluid is at rest and there is no motion whatsoever there. Therefore, the velocity boundary layer, ''δ'', must end with the thermal boundary layer, δt. Due to the no slip boundary condition at the wall there should be a velocity peak somewhere between the wall and the thermal boundary layer. Consider a thickness of the velocity boundary layer from the wall up to the point of maximum velocity, <math>{{\delta }_{u}}</math>. The effect of inertia is negligible within this thin layer <math>{{\delta }_{u}}</math> – referred to as the shear layer (Bejan, 2004) – and the buoyancy force is balanced by the viscous force:
<math>\nu \frac{u}{\delta _{u}^{2}}\sim g\beta \Delta T</math>
Substituting eq. (14) into the above equation, the scale of the shear layer can be determined as
<math>{{\delta }_{u}}\sim L\text{Gr}_{L}^{-1/4}</math>
The ratio between the thicknesses of the shear layer and the thermal boundary layer can be obtained by dividing eq. (17) by eq. (13):
<math>\frac{{{\delta }_{u}}}{{{\delta }_{t}}}\sim {{\Pr }^{1/2}}<1</math>
It should be pointed out that the thickness of the shear layer, δu, is different from the momentum boundary layer, ''δ'', which is approximately equal to the thermal boundary layer thickness for the case where the Prandtl number is less than 1.
==References==
Bejan, A., 2004, ''Convection Heat Transfer'', 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Faghri, A., Zhang, Y., and Howell, J. R., 2010, ''Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer'', Global Digital Press, Columbia, MO.
Current revision as of 11:36, 10 July 2010
1 Scaling
2 High Prandtl Number Fluids
3 Low Prandtl Number Fluids
Figure 1 Natural convection over a vertical flat plate (Pr >1).
While scale analysis cannot provide the exact function in the above expression, the form of these functions can be provided (Bejan, 2004). Let us refer to Fig. 1 and consider the governing equations in the thermal boundary layer (y ~ δt) for the entire flat plate (x ~ L). The thickness of the thermal boundary layer in which the effects of the heated wall are felt is much smaller than the length of the vertical plate, i.e. . For the continuity equation
which indicates that for flow in the thermal boundary layer. The scale of the velocity component in the x-direction, u, is still unknown at this point.
which indicates that the scale of the second term on the left hand side of energy equation is identical to the scale of the first term when the scale of the velocity component in the y-direction is given by eq. (1). The temperature difference in the above scale analysis represents the scale of the excess temperature, . The scale of the right-hand side of energy equation is:
The scale of v can be obtained by substituting eq. (2) into eq. (1):
where the scale of the thermal boundary layer thickness, δt, is still unknown at this point.
gβΔT , one obtains the following:
which can be expressed in terms of dimensionless parameters as (Bejan, 2004):
is the Rayleigh number that is related to the Grashof number by . Therefore, the relative importance of inertia and viscous forces depends on the Prandtl number, which is a property of the fluid. Thus, if the Prandtl number is high ( ), the inertia term will be negligible and the viscosity term will balance the buoyancy term, whereas if the Prandtl number is low enough ( ) – as for liquid metals – then the inertia term is considerable and balances the buoyancy term in steady state. The scale analysis for high- and low-Prandtl number fluids is presented in detail below.
High Prandtl Number Fluids
For the case of high Prandtl number fluids the momentum boundary layer thickness, δ, is much greater than the thermal boundary layer thickness, δt (see Fig. 1). While the above scale analysis indicated that flow within the thermal boundary layer is dominated by balance between the buoyancy force and the viscous force, buoyancy force does not exist beyond the thermal boundary layer. Therefore, the velocity that is developed outside the thermal boundary layer but within the momentum boundary layer results from the viscous drag of the thermal boundary layer. Therefore, the flow between the thermal and momentum boundary layers is dominated by the balance between the viscous force and the inertial force. Since the thermal boundary layer is very thin for the case of , there exists a balance between inertia and viscosity in the momentum equation over the entire momentum boundary layer.
Refer to Fig. 1 once again and consider the momentum equation of the momentum boundary layer (y ~ δ) for the entire flat plate (x ~ L). The thickness of the momentum boundary layer is much smaller than the length of the vertical plate, i.e. . The force balance in the momentum boundary layer between inertial and viscous forces gives us:
It is evident that the greater the Prandtl number, the greater the ratio of δ/δt. This means that the region of unheated fluid which is being driven vertically by the heated layer due to viscous action is thicker for fluids with a higher Prandtl number.
Low Prandtl Number Fluids
Figure 2 Natural convection over a vertical flat plate (Pr < 1).
Since the Prandtl number is much less than 1, the thermal boundary layer is driven upwards by buoyancy and is restrained by inertia. Beyond the thermal boundary layer region, where there is no heating effect and consequently no buoyancy effect, the fluid is at rest and there is no motion whatsoever there. Therefore, the velocity boundary layer, δ, must end with the thermal boundary layer, δt. Due to the no slip boundary condition at the wall there should be a velocity peak somewhere between the wall and the thermal boundary layer. Consider a thickness of the velocity boundary layer from the wall up to the point of maximum velocity, δu. The effect of inertia is negligible within this thin layer δu – referred to as the shear layer (Bejan, 2004) – and the buoyancy force is balanced by the viscous force:
It should be pointed out that the thickness of the shear layer, δu, is different from the momentum boundary layer, δ, which is approximately equal to the thermal boundary layer thickness for the case where the Prandtl number is less than 1.
Bejan, A., 2004, Convection Heat Transfer, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Faghri, A., Zhang, Y., and Howell, J. R., 2010, Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer, Global Digital Press, Columbia, MO.
Retrieved from "http://m.thermalfluidscentral.org/encyclopedia/index.php/Scale_analysis_of_natural_convection"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home » Blogs » nandi's blog » Paleontology is a Scam, According to Cam'ron!
Paleontology is a Scam, According to Cam'ron!
RIP to the dinosaurs, but humans are different. They may have been blessed with an early exit from this hellish plane of existence, but we're still kicking, hanging their corpses in museums and gluing them back together so that some dude can remake Jurassic Park for the millionth time. But just because we can't perceive them without the vastly complication science of Paleontology or 3D imaging technology, doesn't mean dinosaurs never existed. I believe the phenomenon is known as "object permanence"—or, the understanding that physical objects don't need human eyeballs on them to inhabit the material plane. Someone should sit Killa Cam down and explain this to him!
Page Six reports that on Thursday's episode of podcast ItsTheReal, Cam'ron bravely explained to hosts Eric and Jeff Rosenthal: "I have fights with people about dinosaurs." He went on to explain that the entire science of paleontology "sounds like a money maker," questioning how some bones that have sat in the earth for millions and millions of years could be re-assembled by modern scientists. "They throw these big bones, pause, up in a museum, and then be like, 'Yo, these are the people that were here before us …' I mean, pardon me or whatever."
Our fourth annual #12DaysOfPodcasts starts tonight: Killa Cam stops by for a wide ranging, dynamic, hilarious, personal and pre-historic conversation. pic.twitter.com/sJjeW4zqYy
— ItsTheReal (@itsthereal) December 12, 2019
"No, no see that is the proof," Eric hilariously said in response to Cam'ron's statement.
In response, Cam'ron questioned whether dinosaur bones were strong enough to be displayed in museums and "not crumble."
"I'm not necessarily going for that," he said. "If we get more proof on it, cool. I'm not going off museum facts. I been to every museum when I was young. I'm like, word? So they found all these bones and glued them together? Nah. I'm not sure I'm gonna go for that one. It sounds like more of a moneymaker to me."
The hosts, still in shock from these surprising opinions also took the time to see whether he believes the Earth is flat or round. He did clarify that he does side with the majority of people who know our planet is round, but went back to further explain his statement on dinosaurs by emphasizing that he's not depending on "museum facts" or "finding bones" to determine whether they actually existed.
"Like, we need a little more proof and I don't know whatever proof you could give me," Cam'ron said. "But who found these bones? . . . I wish I could be an archaeologist and be like 'I found some shit!' I'll be at the beach every day and be like 'Yo, look what I discovered!' and just make some shit up."
Source: https://jezebel.com/ / https://thegrio.com/
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Odparzenie (termin niemedyczny) – potocznie określenie zmian zapalnych skóry powstałych na skutek równoczesnego działania wysokiej temperatury, nadmiernej wilgotności wywołanej np. poceniem oraz tarcia przylegających do siebie powierzchni.

Odparzenia często są skutkiem niewłaściwego pielęgnowania chorego w wyniku podrażnień skóry w miejscu długotrwałego ocierania powierzchni skórnych, lub skóry o odzież. Skutkiem jest przekrwienie, a w dalszej fazie obrzęk i sączenie. Zmianom naskórnym towarzyszy pieczenie, ból, swędzenie. Typowymi miejscami powstawania odparzeń są pachwiny, zagłębienia fałdów skórnych, a u noworodków pośladki.

Przypisy

Dermatologia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Stakeholder requirements
Toggle navigation Stakeholder requirements Menu
Acoustic Measurements
Structure-borne sound from wind turbines
In situ measurement of blocked force of vibration sources
Wind energy SODAR evaluation (WISE)
Sonic Detection and Ranging SODAR
Architecture and Building Acoustics
Acoustic design of secondary schools
Acoustics of Stonehenge
Design and Application of Room Acoustic Diffusers
Diffusion and scattering coefficients for room surfaces
Measurement of rooms using naturalistic signals
Room sizing for studios
Turning Schroeder diffusers into room acoustic absorbers
Improving TV sound for hearing impaired people
The Good Recording Project - blind signal processing to evaluate audio quality
Environmental Noise and Vibration
Construction and open cast site noise
Eskmeals gun noise
Firearm noise
Ground impedence project
Effects of Meteorology on propogation
Shoeburyness 2006
Construction noise field trial 2006
Materials for Acoustics
Time domain modelling of sound attenuation in porous materials
Acoustic black hole
Periodicity enhanced attenuating layers and structures
Sonic imaging with metamaterials
Sonic crystal noise barriers
Positive soundscapes project
Policy applications of soundscapes
A noisy future
Hearing loss in the Built Environment
Noise from pubs and clubs
Measuring auditory spaciousness in reproduced sound
Low frequency noise
Vibro-acoustics
IMP and CTS
Virtual Acoustic Prototypes
Computer Modelling of Sound
The project began by defining the current state of the art and the stakeholder requirements for product sound quality. We carried out a survey of manufacturers, both SMEs and larger companies, within the UK. We also talked to consumer organisations, and those representing the elderly, hearing and visually impaired.
Establishing stakeholder requirements
Who was contacted?
Initially a simple postal questionnaire was carried out in order to establish the perceived relevance of sound quality assessment in a variety of industries. Questionnaires were sent to one hundred UK based manufacturers of a wide variety of different types of products.
The types of product included in the survey, and the categories used to display the results are listed below:
Domestic Appliances and White Goods
Heating and water
Mowers (domestic and commercial), and engines
DIY tools e.g. Electric screwdrivers, drills, multi-tools, circular saws, jigsaws, etc.
Vacuum cleaner and floor cleaning equipment (domestic and commercial), floor polisher (domestic and commercial), steam cleaner
Extractor hood for oven, small kitchen appliances e.g. juicer, ice-cream makers, steamer, slow cooker, fryer, can opener, bread maker, kettle, food processor, whisk, food mixer/blender, coffee maker, etc.
Fridge (domestic and commercial), freezer, cooker, washing machine, spin dryer, tumble dryer, dishwasher
BBQ, Hostess Trolley, Gas and Electric fire
Hair dryer, commercial hand dryer , electric toothbrush, electric shaver, trimmer and hair remover, massager
Heater (domestic and commercial)
Heating stove
Air conditioning equipment (domestic and commercial), ventilator (domestic and commercial), fan (domestic and commercial), dehumidifier (domestic and commercial)
Shower, water pump, catering and heating boiler
Computer, projector, camera, camcorder, video recorder, DVD player, TV, mobile phone and associated equipment (e.g. hands free kit), photocopier, scanner, fax machines, printer
(All products are for domestic use unless otherwise stated)
Forty seven questionnaires were received from companies, in all of the categories listed above, though not all of the specific types of product were covered by the replies. One of the questionnaires was incomplete and so the results from this have not been included. Two companies sent two completed questionnaires from different employees, and one manufacturer sent three completed questionnaires from different employees, since the replies in each case were slightly different, none of these questionnaires have been removed from the results.
The written questionnaire summary
The replies to each question received from all of the manufacturers is summarised below.
Is the loudness or quietness of your products important to customer satisfaction? And do you think that the sound quality of your products is important to customer satisfaction?
Respondents were asked to 'tick one box'. When asked is the loudness or quietness of your products important to customer satisfaction 50% of respondents answered 'always' and a further 37% answered 'often'. In reply to the question 'Do you think that the sound quality of your products is important to customer satisfaction?' 46% also answered 'always' and a further 24% answered 'often'. Only one manufacturer returned the answer 'never' in response to the question on sound quality.
This lends support to the idea that a significant proportion of manufacturing companies rate sound quality as an important factor when investigating the acoustic emissions of products. Interestingly one manufacturer said they considered sound quality as 'always' important to customer satisfaction whereas loudness was only 'sometimes' important.
When do you typically consider the loudness of a product, in the design cycle? and when do you typically consider the sound quality of a product, in the design cycle?
These questions were designed to reveal when loudness and sound quality were considered in the design cycle of a product, and respondents were asked to tick 'as many boxes as apply'. From the replies 59% of the respondents said they considered sound quality at the 'early stages of design' (76% of respondents considered loudness at this stage), 48% 'once a prototype is produced' (54% said they considered loudness at this stage) and 37% at the 'end of product development' (more than the percentage that said they considered loudness at this stage which was 33%). Only three companies selected the options 'sound quality never considered' and one manufacturer selected 'sound quality not important'. None of the companies ticked the boxes 'loudness not important' or 'loudness is never considered'.
The majority of the respondents answers fitted into three categories. Those that considered sound quality: at the early stages of design (28%); once a prototype is produced (15%) or at all three stages of the design cycle (22%). Companies that returned the reply 'other' for consideration of sound quality were further investigated by including them in the list of manufacturers selected for telephone interview (see below).
If you carry out sound quality assessment, how is this done?
The three answers to this question are shown in the diagram below along with the 'other' option; once again respondents were asked to tick 'as many boxes as apply'. Three companies had answered sound quality is 'never considered' to the previous question and therefore didn't reply to this question. The two most popular methods of sound quality assessment were found to be 'informal listening by the designers' (63%) and 'accessing acoustic signals on instrumentation' (72%).
48 % of respondents only used one method of sound quality testing. The two major categories being 17% of respondents who said that they used 'informal listening by the designers' alone (although two of these had also ticked the 'other' box), and 28% who said that they relied on 'accessing acoustic signals on instrumentation' alone (although one of these companies had also ticked the 'other' box).
46% relied on more than one type of testing for sound quality in two major groups: 28% said they used a combination of informal listening by designers and accessing acoustic signals on instrumentation and 15% said they used a combination of all three options.
What effect did manufacturer size have on the test methods used?
Formal tests using independent juries was not used by any companies with less than 100 employees. Whereas 21% (five of the twenty four) companies with 100 to 1000 employees and 36% (four of the eleven) companies with more than 1000 employees used formal testing with independent juries.
The five companies that had selected the 'other' option for sound quality assessment were further investigated by including them in the list of manufacturers selected for telephone interview (see below).
Following up the written questionnaire
The written questionnaire was followed up with telephone interviews of a selection of the companies. The time consuming nature of the telephone interview process placed limitations on the number of companies selected for telephone interview. Therefore this stage was not intended to give a representative cross-section of the role of sound quality throughout the whole of the UK's manufacturing industries. Instead the companies interviewed were chosen in order to investigate areas in which manufacturers appeared to demonstrate an enthusiasm about sound quality and its potential applications despite it not already being an established requirement of the product, or to investigate areas in which little sound quality research has been documented. Companies were also chosen to investigate opinions on sound quality in SMEs. The nature of the semi-structured interview strategy allowed this smaller sample to be examined in more depth.
Replies by category
Domestic appliances, white goods, heating and water
Firstly heating and water is considered as a single category and secondly domestic products and white goods are considered together (several of the companies manufactured both types of product). The heating and water category contained manufacturers of all sizes, but the domestic products and white goods category mainly contained manufacturers with more than 100 employees.
The only manufacturer that returned the reply 'never', when asked whether sound quality was important to customer satisfaction was in the heating and water category.
Go back to the written questionnaire summary
One manufacturer in the heating and water category said that sound quality is 'not important' and one manufacturer said it is 'never considered'. The other two manufacturers that said sound quality is 'never considered' were in the mowers and outdoor equipment category. None of the manufacturers in the domestic appliances and white goods category said that sound quality was 'never considered' or 'not important'.
A high percentage of manufacturers in the domestic products and white goods category (27% compared to 20% for all of the manufacturers) said that they carried out formal tests using independent juries. This is possibly because these types of manufacturer were all medium or large companies (i.e. with more than 100 employees). Conversely the percentage of manufacturers of heating and water products doing formal tests using independent juries was very low (5% compared to 20% for all of the manufacturers). Most of the manufacturers which said they carried out formal jury testing were further investigated by telephone interview. Interestingly, the percentage of manufacturers using the sound quality method 'informal listening by the designer' was also very high (82% compared to 63% for all the manufacturers) in the domestic appliances and white goods category and low in the heating and water category (50% compared to 63% for all the manufacturers).
Twelve companies and other stakeholders such as consumer groups were selected for semi-structured interviews. The companies manufactured outdoor products, domestic appliances, air conditioning and heating systems, electric showers and audio-visual equipment. The written questionnaire replies of the selected companies are summarized below (click on image for larger version):
Fig 1. Summary of written questionnaire results for companies selected for telephone interviews
All except one of these companies considered that their products are important in terms of loudness and sound quality. Answers to the written questionnaire were used to generate subjects to be explored in the semi-structured interviews. Topics covered during each interview included:
Background questions on work role of interviewee, the size of the company and the products manufactured in the UK.
A definition of sound quality and how this relates to products manufactured by the company.
Methods of sound quality testing used and how this is related to the design and manufacturing process.
What is the target sound? How is this decided?
Customer feedback, including consideration of aging population and people with disabilities, standards and labelling.
The future of sound quality testing in the domestic appliance market, and any other considerations highlighted by the interviewee.
In summary, small and large companies rely on a good work relationship between their marketing and consumers departments as the sound quality of their products is becoming increasingly important to their customers. Sound quality is mainly viewed in terms of noise level and annoyance. Perceptual testing is not usually rigorous instead it is carried out using informal listening by designers, or jury tests using staff and sound quality indices are not usually considered. The industry appears to welcome an approved standard method for sound quality testing. Consumers associations, consider criteria relevant to consumers which relate to the product as a whole; the ease of use, some key features and convenience, for example. Sound quality is mainly only considered for sound reproduction products.
Manufacturers' options
Definition of sound quality and products manufactured by the company
Manufacturers were asked to differentiate loudness from sound quality. Loudness was mainly identified with the sound pressure level and sound quality was understood as an irritant noise, a rattle, a tone or an excessive whine. Manufacturers of air conditioning, some manufacturers of outdoor products and some of white goods mentioned sound that is pleasing to the ear, or sound that does not interrupt a normal conversation.
Manufacturers do not assess automatically the sound quality of their products. They only do it when they develop new products on a large scale or when a significant number of complaints from customers take place. Changes in legislation e.g. the Environmental Noise Directive for outdoor products may drive a manufacturer to take a greater consideration for sound quality assessment. It was also suggested by one manufacturer that sound quality could help Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to compete against bigger competitors.
Methods of testing and the design and manufacturing process
When asked about considering sound quality at the early stage of product design interviewees replied that good sound quality begins with a good selection of components. However, all stressed that sound quality evaluation is an ongoing activity throughout product design, that it is impossible to say what sort of noise is going to be developed at the drawing board stage and that a prototype is necessary to carry out experiments. Sound quality assessment at the design, construction and testing stages is often carried out according to the manufacturers own experiences or standards.
Objective testing is usually crude. Testing is carried out by placing the product in a 'sound' room or in some other part of the factory with low background noise. The product is set to perform its normal functions as well as under extreme conditions. The sound level meter is used to obtain a range of figures in dB(A). Only a few companies mentioned using FFT analyzers to try to locate the cause of the annoying sound. One manufacturer mentioned using Cool Edit to hear how the sound would be after removing specific aspects of the noise spectrum.
Perceptual testing is used to pick up information that objective measurements would not. These tests tend to take place when the designers, engineers and quality technicians test prototypes of their product and an opinion of the sound is expressed. Identifying noises which create annoyance or have the potential to make customers believe the product is not working, for example. A shower manufacturer commented that it is also important to take account of the product's connections with its surroundings as these could also potentially be another source of noise.
Jury testing is also carried out by manufacturers of outdoor products, white goods, air- conditioning and manufacturers of audio-visuals. Again tests often are carried out in rooms of low background noise or a 'typical' room such as a kitchen, an office, a domestic room or outside may be selected for tests of the product in situ. The testing panel usually consists of employees of the companies and sometimes of customers. The size of the panel appears to be less than 10 people and the jury is untrained.
It was found that different versions of the jury test are carried out:
In the case of outdoor products, the manufacturer will consider the noise at ear position of both a user and an observer;
Some manufacturers don't ask specified questions but instead gauge people's reactions when the product is switched on specific settings;
Some manufacturers invite customers to use the products in their houses and complete a questionnaire;
One company made the comment that to access customer's opinion, they ask questions at retail outlets;
There are other manufacturers who consult tests made by consumer associations rather than conduct their own jury test, because they provide a comparison with the competitor's products.
Most of companies could not stipulate the exact amount of time taken up by sound quality, as the activity often is carried out during tests on the overall functionality of the product. Though all said only a small percentage of time is spent at present. Two manufacturers commented that subjective tests are faster than objective tests. The current process is reckoned to be reliable because of the low number of received complaints.
What is the target sound?
A product is considered aurally suitable when:
It has a low sound level or the product noise is quiet;
Adverse noises are non-existent;
It is a good sound;
It sounds better than the competitors' products;
Subjects give positive comments.
Customer feedback, standards and labelling
Manufacturers of appliances were asked to express opinions of their customers knowledge of sound quality.
58% of the companies thought that their customers know what they want from their products, while 42% thought they don't. When asked about how customers would like their product to sound ideally, 83% said the customer would like their products to sound as quiet as possible. But 17% of the manufacturers acknowledged that quietness is not always that good, because the sound of the product is a source of information and part of the identity of the product. Furthermore when a product such as a hedge trimmer is quiet, it can become a dangerous tool. One manufacturer gave an example of a quiet vacuum cleaner for outdoor use. The vacuum was found not to be successful with the customers because they thought it was not working. They therefore preferred a product with a good sound rather than a quiet sound.
The manufacturers were also asked if they considered ageing and/or disabled populations when doing sound quality assessment. All disregard them with the exception of one manufacturer, who considers the possible interferences between the sound of their product and hearing aids. Such consideration was given because of the personal experience of the designer. Overall there is very limited consideration of the ageing population and people with audio or visual impairments.
None of the companies interviewed were required to comply with consumer sound labelling and regulations (except the regulations for outdoor products) manufacturers. However 60% had their own internal standards. In general the manufacturer's opinion on sound labelling is relatively poor. They are fully aware of the energy label, however none mentioned:
'Blue Angel' labelling in Germany: German Institute of Quality Assurance and labelling (RAL), (Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung)
Federal Environment Agency, Germany
The 'Ecolabel' European label, Regulation (EC) No 1980/2000
Sound labelling for computers used in Sweden
Manufacturers of outdoor products have strongly expressed that the dB is poorly understood by consumers. The manufacturers therefore are in favour of a change from sound power label in dB(A) to a sound quality label.
Appliance manufacturers consider sound when identifying an annoying sound, but most of them do not look at the sound quality of their product, in a similar way to a car manufacturer. This means they are not after a sound that is, for example, sportive, robust or sharp. Measurements are already considered to be adequate; however, design teams often do not include an acoustics expert. This would explain why so few companies consider using FFT analysers. They also are unaware of the existence of software for sound quality. There appears to be a big gap between current practice in the UK and state-of-the-art sound quality assessment. However, state-of-the-art practices are relatively expensive. Attitudes towards sound quality assessment would also change if the product sound could be heard before purchase in the retail shop (as in the automobile/audio industry) or on internet.
Some companies would like to know how to use an FFT analyser to understand the noise of their product better and have access to rooms with defined acoustics. Others suggested access to some software for sound quality. With the exception of two companies, manufacturers seem to be unaware of psychoacoustics indices, but all agree that although sound quality is not directly measurable it can be described by adjectives and by answering carefully worded questions.
Consumers Associations and Sound Quality
The Consumers Association usually looks at criteria relevant to consumers which relate to the performance of the product, ease of use, some key features and convenience. Sound quality is mainly considered for sound reproduction products because the sound is fundamental. When asked about sound quality of domestic appliances, they require them to be as quiet as possible with no annoying sound.
Associations representing people with hearing impairments consider the sound quality of some products without calling it 'sound quality'. For example, they will create products which could be heard by people with hearing impairments such as alarm systems, ring tones on the phone or car indicators. Other products on the market can be modified in order to function better for deaf or hard of hearing (H-of-H) people, but this could involve a visual rather than aural modification. In the future, they would like to see products useable by everyone in society. In the case of the visual and hearing impaired, the product ergonomic is mainly considered rather than the sound quality. Some specific projects between the association and the manufacturer do take place where sound modifications can be done, but this is the exception rather than the rule.


By the time healthy, typically developing children reach age 3, they will have developed the essential cognitive, language and social-emotional competencies that lay the foundation for future success. If children experience delays during this critical period, early intervention can help maintain an appropriate developmental trajectory.
Infants and toddlers in poverty, however, experience a higher rate of developmental delay than that of their economically stable peers. For these children, delays often appear in multiple areas of development and are frequently accompanied by medical conditions as well. Moreover, the effects of developmental delay for low-income children are exacerbated by the social complexities associated with poverty, such as restricted access to developmental and healthcare services as well as parental supports.
Unfortunately, existing systems of care that address these delays are not well integrated, further complicating the delivery of appropriate, effective care to children who need it most, said Patricia Manz, professor of School Psychology. Research in this area has been minimal thus far.
The project, titled "Synergy of Care: Promoting Healthy Development among Vulnerable Infants and Toddlers through Research, Practice and Policy," will involve a qualitative foundational study to examine state policies and the service provision procedures of major healthcare, educational and family support services for low-income infants and toddlers at risk for health and developmental issues.
Each team member brings a particular expertise to the project, including policy analysis, early intervention and integrated behavioral health. The team's first step in summer 2017 was to explore existing programs and policies to determine the project's direction.
Team members look forward to learning from each other through interdisciplinary collaboration—and the results such collaboration might yield.
• Patrica Manz specializes in maternal, infant and early childhood home visiting.
• George DuPaul brings his expertise in pediatric school psychology and integrated behavioral health.
• Brenna Wood brings her knowledge of Part C early intervention and behavior intervention.
• Brook Sawyer is an expert in early childhood education and child care centers.
• Sirry Alang will contribute her expertise in policy analysis and in health care disparities related to poverty.


text:
Змагання з боксу у ваговій категорії до 91 кілограму серед чоловіків на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2016 пройшли з 6 серпня по 15 серпня. Участь брали 18 спортсменів з 18 країн.

Призери

Розклад

Змагання

Посилання
 Бокс  на офіційному сайті Олімпійських ігор 2016 року
 Олімпійський турнір  на сайті Міжнародної асоціації любительського боксу (AIBA)


text:
Santa's Rockin'! is the 20th album release from Australian children's music group, the Wiggles. It is also the third Wiggles Christmas video release. It was released in 2004 by ABC Music and distributed by Roadshow Entertainment.

Track list

 "Introduction"
 "Ring-A-Ding-A-Ding-Dong"
 "Introduction"
 "Great Big Man in Red" (featuring John Forgety)
 "Introduction"
 "Mary's Boy Child"
 "Introduction"
 "Captain Feathersword's Christmas Dance"
 "Introduction"
 "Rockin' Santa!" (featuring John Forgety)
 "Introduction"
 "Noche De Paz" (Silent Night)
 "Introduction"
 "This Little Baby is Born Again" (featuring Ross Wilson)
 "Introduction"
 "Wags Stop Your Barking, It's Almost at Christmas Day" (featuring Barry Williams)
 "Introduction"
 "Christmas Barcarolle" (Let the World Rejoice)
 "Introduction"
 "Dorothy's Christmas Roses"
 "Introduction"
 "Away in a Manger"
 "Introduction"
 "Henry the Champion Christmas Wrapper"
 "O Come All Ye Faithful"
 "Introduction"
 "Day of Joy, Day of Peace" (Hamish's Lullaby)
 "Outro"

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Santa's Rockin.

 The Wiggles are: Murray Cook, Jeff Fatt, Anthony Field, Greg Page
 Produced by: Anthony Field
 Musical Arrangements: The Wiggles, Dominic Lindsay
 Vocals: Greg Page
 Backing Vocals: The Wiggles
 Guest Vocals: John Fogerty, Barry Williams, Ross Wilson, Santa Claus, Fernando Moguel, Fernandito Moguel, Julio Moguel
 Manzillas: Craig Abercrombie, Brett Clarke, Ryan De Saulnier, Sam Moran, Paul Paddick, Mark Punch
 Guitars: Anthony Field, John Field, Robin Gist, Mark Punch
 Bass: Murray Cook, Chris Lupton
 Keyboard: Jeff Fatt, Steve Blau, Dominic Lindsay
 Brass: Dominic Lindsay
 Drums: Tony Henry
 Percussion: Dominic Lindsay, Steve Machamer

Video

Santa's Rockin'! was released on video in 2004.

Song List
 "Captain Feathersword's Christmas Dance"
 "Ring-A-Ding-A-Ding-Dong"
 "Great Big Man in Red" (featuring John Forgety)
 "Away in a Manger"
 "Christmas Barcarolle" (Let the World Rejoice)
 "Henry the Champion Christmas Wrapper"
 "This Little Baby is Born Again" (featuring Ross Wilson)
 "Noche De Paz" (Silent Night)
 "Dorothy's Christmas Roses"
 "O Come, All Ye Faithful"
 "Wags Stop Your Barking, It's Almost at Christmas Day" (featuring Barry Williams)
 "Rockin' Santa!" (featuring John Fogerty)

Cast
The cast as presented on the video:

 The Wiggles are
 Murray Cook
 Jeff Fatt
 Anthony Field
 Greg Page

 Additional Cast
 Captain Feathersword: Paul Paddick
 Dorothy the Dinosaur: Lyn Stuckey
 Wags the Dog: Kristy Talbot
Henry the Octopus: Katherine Patrick

 Special Guest Musicians
 John Forgety
 Fermando Moguel Sr.
 Fermandito Moguel Jr.
 Julio Moguel
 Barry Williams
 Ross Wilson

Notes

References

External links

2004 albums
The Wiggles albums
The Wiggles videos
2004 video albums
Australian children's musical films


text:
Stories From Dec 2014
Profit's role in the economy
As the economy has improved, business profits have risen. But is this good or bad? North Carolina State University economist Mike Walden responds.
The United States sits between Europe and Asia, but traditionally our focus and ties have been in Europe. Now many say our future focus and ties will be in the other direction – to Asia. North Carolina State University economist Mike Walden explains why.
Steward of the Future: Rodolphe Barrangou
A DNA cutting technology has changed the world of genetic studies, advancing food and agriculture, biotechnology and medical industries. In this short video, Dr. Rodolphe Barrangou discusses the CRISPR technology used in his lab in the Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences.
NC State buddleia recognized by gardening group
A pink buddleia developed by Dr. Dennis Werner, JC Raulston Distinguished Professor of Horticultural Science at NC State University, received one of two 2015 Green Thumb Awards from the Direct Gardening Association.
Still the farmer's best friend
Nowhere is NC State University's reach into every corner of the state more evident than through the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service.
You Decide: What will 2015's economy look like?
Dr. Mike Walden highlights the key barometers of the economy and where he sees them headed in 2015.
Christmas spending forecasts
It's that time of year again. People are in the midst of their holiday shopping. For many businesses, this is a make-it-or-break-it time. North Carolina State University's Dr. Mike Walden explains how economists think this holiday buying season will shape up.
ESP tours environmental farming center during annual meeting
Cows, calves and hoop houses were among the attractions at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems, as North Carolina's Chapter of Epsilon Sigma Phi toured the center last month. The tour was part of ESP Xi Chapter's annual meeting, held over lunch at the extension center in nearby Johnston County.
Making a Difference: Food production
The world population is projected to reach 9.5 billion by 2050. Between now and then, we will need to produce more food than we have in the previous 10,000 years. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences faculty members are hard at work examining the critical questions and developing innovative solutions to the grand challenge of feeding the world.
Improving the cassava plant
Cassava is Africa's number two crop and a major source of calories for 700 million people, but it's highly susceptible to pathogens such as cassava mosaic disease. With African colleagues and students, Dr. Linda Hanley-Bowdoin of NC State University's College of Agriculture conducts basic research aimed at gaining a better basic molecular-level understanding of viruses and how they affect cassava.


text:
Анатолій Олексійович Лебедь ( — ?) — український радянський діяч, новатор сільськогосподарського виробництва, бригадир тракторно-рільничої бригади № 1 радгоспу «Прапор» Слов'яносербського району Луганської області. Депутат Верховної Ради УРСР 8-го скликання.

Біографія
На 1960—1970-ті роки — бригадир тракторно-рільничої бригади № 1 радгоспу «Прапор» села Кримське Слов'яносербського району Луганської області.

Член ВЛКСМ.

Потім — на пенсії у селі Кримське Слов'яносербського району Луганської області.

Нагороди
 ордени
 медалі

Джерела
 газета «Прапор перемоги» (Луганськ) — квітень 1971 року.

Депутати Верховної Ради УРСР 8-го скликання


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text:
import {Injectable} from "@angular/core";
import {createSelector} from "reselect";
import * as moment from "moment";
import {AngularFireDatabase} from "angularfire2";
import {Store} from "@ngrx/store";
import {AppState, getVotesState, getVoteEntities, getVotesForActivePoll} from "../../state";
import {Observable, Observer} from "rxjs";
import {VotesState, CastVoteAction, VoteCastSuccessAction, VotesActions} from "./votes.state";
import {Vote, PartialVote, SerializableVote, VoteEntity} from "./vote.models";
import {AuthService} from "../../auth/auth.service";
import * as votes from "./vote.functions";
import {PollService} from "../poll/poll.service";
import {PushResult} from "../_internal";
import {Actions, toPayload} from "@ngrx/effects";
import {UserService} from "../user/user.service";

@Injectable()
export class VoteService {

  private state$: Observable<VotesState>;

  public readonly activePollVotes$: Observable<Vote[]>;

  constructor(private db: AngularFireDatabase, private store: Store<AppState>, private authSvc: AuthService, private pollSvc: PollService, private actions: Actions, private userSvc: UserService) {
    this.state$ = store.select(getVotesState);
    this.activePollVotes$ = store.select(getVotesForActivePoll).filter(it => !!it);
  }

  public castVote(vote: PartialVote, pollId: string) {
    this.store.dispatch(new CastVoteAction(vote, pollId));

    //TODO think this (unconventional?) approach through. We emit an action, then wait on
    //This wouldn't work, e.g. if a user cast multiple votes simultaneously

    return this.actions.ofType(VotesActions.VOTE_CAST_SUCCESS)
      .take(1)
      .map(action => action as VoteCastSuccessAction)
      .map(toPayload);

  }

  doCastVote(vote: PartialVote, pollId: string): Observable<Vote> {

    /*
     return Observable.combineLatest(this.authSvc.sessionUserId$.take(1), this.pollSvc.loadPoll(pollId).take(1)).flatMap(([userId, poll]) => {
     let voterId: string;
     if (userId == null){
     if (poll.security !== 'anonymous'){

     }
     }

     });*/

    return Observable.create((observer: Observer<Vote>) => {
      Observable.combineLatest(this.userSvc.sessionUser$.take(1), this.pollSvc.loadPoll(pollId).take(1)).subscribe(([ user, poll ]) => {
        let voterId: string;

        //ensure the current user has the right to cast a vote
        switch (poll.security) {
          case 'verified':
            if (user == null) {
              return observer.error({
                code: 401,
                message: `Poll security is set to VERIFIED, but no auth user exists.`
              })
            } else if (user.isVerified == false) {
              return observer.error({
                code: 402,
                message: `Poll security is set to VERIFIED, but the current user does not have a verified account.`
              })
            } else {
              voterId = user.id;
            }
            break;
          case 'unverified':
            if (user == null) {
              /*              return observer.error({
                code: 401,
                message: `Poll security is set to UNVERIFIED, but no auth user exists.`
               })*/
              voterId = 'anon';
            } else {
              voterId = user.id;
            }
            break;
          case 'anonymous':
            if (user == null) {
              voterId = 'anon';
            } else {
              voterId = user.id;
            }
            break;
          default:
            //needed to convince TS that voterId is initialized.
            throw `Poll has invalid security setting: ${poll.security}`;
        }

        //ensure the choices given in the vote are valid
        let validOptionIds = poll.options.map(opt => opt.id);
        vote.choices.forEach((choice, idx) => {
          if (validOptionIds.indexOf(choice) < 0) {
            return observer.error({
              code: 400,
              message: `Choice ${choice} at index ${idx} is not valid, as it does not match the any of the following options: ${JSON.stringify(validOptionIds)}`
            });
          }
        });

        let toPush = prepareSerializableVote(vote, voterId);

        this.db.list(`/votes/${pollId}`).push(toPush).then((result: PushResult) => {
          //strictly speaking, we should observe the vote...
          let toReturn: Vote = votes.forAny(Object.assign({}, toPush, { id: result.key }));
          return observer.next(votes.forAny(toReturn));
        }).catch(err => {
          return observer.error(err);
        })

      });

    }).take(1);
  }

  observePollVotes(id: string): Observable<Vote[]> {
    return this.db.list(`/votes/${id}`)
      .map(list => list.map((it: VoteEntity) => votes.forEntity(it)).filter((it: Vote|undefined) => {
        if (it == undefined) {
          console.log('undefined');
          console.log(it);
          debugger;
        }
        return !!it;
      }));
  }

  public loadSingleVote(pollId: string, voteId: string): Observable<Vote> {

    let selector = createSelector(getVoteEntities, (votes) => votes[ voteId ]);

    return this.store.select(selector);
  }

}

function prepareSerializableVote(vote: PartialVote, ownerId: string): SerializableVote {

  let castString = !!vote.cast ? vote.cast.toISOString() : moment().toISOString();

  return {
    choices: vote.choices,
    owner: ownerId,
    cast: castString,
    published: vote.published || false
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Infrared saunas are understandably a product that must be well-researched.
We want to help you weigh up the pros and cons so you can be well informed about the different technologies available.
What is 3-in-1 infrared heat and what are its potential health benefits? Where does Solocarbon™ heating technology come into this? How important is the heater design to a quality sauna experience?
The importance of your wellbeing has led us to create a cutting-edge experience. Wellness outcomes have been the foundation of the exploration into new technologies, including 3-in-1 infrared therapy.
3-in-1 infrared therapy was designed using patented Solocarbon™ heating technology and is unique in its ability to provide a combination of near, mid and far infrared heat at optimal wavelengths.
So what does this mean for your health and wellness?
Research has shown that combinations of near, mid and far infrared heat can assist with a variety of wellness outcomes. For example, in an mPulse sauna, you can use the detoxification program which runs for 37 minutes at low heat, using a blend of mid and far infrared heat as a preventative tool to assist overall health.
This program aims to raise core body temperature by two-to-three degrees. Rather than simply heating the ambient air to draw out toxins, it can heat your core to help expel them and as a result, regular usage can engage a truly deep, productive sweat where toxins reside.
There are different types of heaters on the market and the type of heater determines how different wavelengths are emitted. Your expectations around wellness outcomes have led us to investigate the benefits of effective heater design.
Did you know that heaters must be highly emissive in order to control different wavelengths? The term 'emissive' refers to the ability of a material to absorb and release energy in the form of infrared heat.
We acknowledge that safety and effectiveness are among your highest priorities. For this reason, comprehensive third party testing has been undertaken to assess the EMF levels in Solocarbon™ heaters.
The third party results confirmed that Solocarbon™ heating technology produces virtually no EMF and the manufacturing process actually cancels out EMF to levels that are essentially undetectable. Therefore, you can rest easy knowing that you are in a comfortable, safe and beneficial environment.
Infrared saunas are a relatively new concept for some people and these are a few factors to consider. If you want to learn about infrared heat, check out our simple infographic that explains it for you.
We hope this has helped and if you have any other questions or comments; we would love for you to get in touch or discuss this with us in the comment box below!


text:
Groundbreaking 'Eye-On-A-Chip' Technology as an Alternative to Animal Experimentation
By A Davis
Graduate students at the University of Pennsylvania were recently recognized for contributions they have made toward the generation of a cost-effective, predictive and ethical alternative to animal experimentation. The students were among seven finalists at the Collegiate Inventors Competition where … Continued
Humane Scientific Advancements to Be Thankful For
This week marks Thanksgiving, an occasion to reflect on what we are thankful for and to celebrate with friends and family. We'd like to use this opportunity to share with you some of the science-related events that NAVS is thankful … Continued
Reevaluation of the 3 Rs
Recently, Science First highlighted an article in Alternatives to Laboratory Animals (ATLA) entitled "Barriers to the Uptake of Human-based Test Methods, and How to Overcome Them." The article emphasized a number of obstacles to the wide-spread adoption of non-animal methods, … Continued
Victory! NIH to Retire ALL Remaining Chimpanzees
NAVS celebrates decision to send government-owned chimpanzees to sanctuaries On Monday, November 16, National Institutes of Health (NIH) director Francis Collins announced, in an email to NIH administrators, his decision to permanently retire the NIH'S remaining 50 chimpanzees to sanctuaries. These … Continued
Lack of Reproducibility Plagues the Scientific Community
Last year, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use organized a meeting in which scientists from around the world gathered to discuss the issue of reproducibility in experiments using animal models. They identified several factors that contribute … Continued
Will Stem-Cell Derived Kidney Tissue Replace Animals in Drug Screening and Disease Modeling?
Scientists at the Kidney Research Laboratory at Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Australia recently reported that they have developed a powerful model of the human kidney using stem cells. While the work had been done as a step towards building … Continued


Come enjoy the Time Flies Duo on Monday August 13th @ 5 pm at the Honi. Time Flies has an extensive list of cover tunes that can adapt and entertain any listening audience. Their unique sound is heavily influence by the personal styles and distinct tastes of its members. "Time Flies when you're having fun", come see for yourself.


Although there are quite a few quality programs slated for ACG National Capital over the summer months, we wanted to take a moment to highlight an upcoming event that will honestly be interesting and informative.
This Friday, Bethesda's own Seth Goldman of Honest Tea will be joining the ACG National Capital monthly meeting to discuss the story of the amazing growth of the company he started in his own kitchen. Honest Tea is the nation's best-selling organic bottled tea company, with products distributed through more than 30,000 outlets in every state, as well as overseas.
Seth Goldman is President and TeaEO of Honest Tea, the company he co-founded in 1998 with Professor Barry Nalebuff of the Yale School of Management. Over the past 12 years, the company has thrived with a more than 60% annual compound growth rate, as consumers have shifted toward healthier and more sustainable diets.
An entrepreneur at heart, in 2008 Seth co-founded Bethesda Green, a local sustainability initiative in Honest Tea's hometown. In its first year Bethesda Green installed dozens of recycling bins and helped area restaurants convert their grease waste into biodiesel.
The monthly meeting is on Friday, May 21, 2010, from 7:30 to 9 a.m. at the Ritz-Carlton Tysons Corner. If you're interesting in taking part in this organic conversation with Seth, be sure to register here, and don't be late for tea time.
Previous ArticleHave you considered an SBA-backed loan to raise capital?


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text:
Forums Regional Forums American Cars
Jay Leno drives the Tesla
Discussion in 'American Cars' started by RockaForte, Jul 9, 2007.
RockaForte Supercar Messi
OPO
#1 RockaForte, Jul 9, 2007
The most fun you can have without fuel
People think that if you're a car enthusiast you have something against electric cars. Not in the least. To me the nice thing about electric vehicles is, if nothing else, they free up the gasoline for our other cars.
I think many car enthusiasts see the future as one where they will use some kind of electric car or hydrogen car during the week and will save their sports cars for the weekend, just as you would play golf or football at the weekend.
What Tesla, an American company that has made an electric version of the very British Lotus Elise, has done is find a way to enjoy a sports car all week long and be green.
The problem with electric cars up to this point is what I call the veggie burger syndrome. When they came out with the veggie burger they made it look like a hamburger, which was disappointing because it doesn't taste anything like a hamburger. It had been the same with electric cars until this point.
They would take a Volkswagen Golf or some equivalent, rip out the innards and replace it with an electric motor. So you get a car that is not only slower but would not be as safe because most of the safety features were probably taken out of it, it wouldn't go as far and you'd have something that was less than what you started with.
Tesla is quite smart in that it is reaching the enthusiasts of the market. If you like sports cars and you want to be green, this is the only way to go. The Tesla is a car that you can live with, drive and enjoy as a sports car. I had a brief drive in the car and it was quite impressive. This is an electric car that is fun to drive. Prior to this, most electric cars were driven by people with earth shoes.
I love electric cars. One of the favourites in my garage is my 1909 Baker Electric car. But in the 98 years since that car was made, battery technology and therefore electric car technology has not changed a huge amount.
In the early 1900s Thomas Edison developed an alkaline battery to double or triple the range of the electric car. It didn't quite do that, but alkaline batteries were neat in that they could be rinsed out and used over and over again. In fact I'm still using the alkaline battery that came with the Baker and was made by Edison himself.
In 1909 a frustrated Edison wrote on a napkin at a dinner and handed it to Henry Ford. On it he'd written: "The electric car is dead." Almost from that note right up until Tesla, Edison wasn't far wrong. Not much has been done to progress the battery-powered car since.
Tesla is not the first major manufacturer to have an electric car. GM came out with the EV1 in the early 1990s. I had one for a week and I loved it. It was quick but it only went about 125 miles on a charge. In 80 years it went only 10 miles further that my 1909 Baker Electric, and really a 125-mile range means you only have about a 60-mile range, because you have to come back.
One of the hidden things they don't tell you about electric cars is that you get good mileage when the temperature is 20C, but when it drops down towards freezing you lose 20-40% because they're dependent on the ambient temperature. What Tesla has done is put in a cooling/heating system that keeps the battery at a constant temperature.
It's also built a car that weighs 2,600lb, which is a few pounds heavier than the standard Lotus, whereas most electric cars would be hundreds of pounds heavier. And it handles and drives, for all intents and purposes, like a real sports car.
The difference with this is that it's faster than a standard Lotus. For something to succeed it has to not only do it as well but better. The Wankel engine was the only brand new engine of the 20th century, but the trouble was it was the equal of the internal combustion engine, it just wasn't better. So why change? To the average person it's a case of I'll stick with what I have.
With this Tesla, you have a Lotus which is faster. The only disadvantage is that you can't refuel quite as quickly. However, when you do refuel, it's the equivalent of five cents a gallon, or something similar.
The Tesla handles well. I suppose if you took both it and a Lotus on a racetrack, the standard Elise would win. But for the average person taking it out for a drive, I think you would be really, really impressed. It's a proper car that meets emission and safety standards. Prior to this, when you saw an electric car in America you didn't get the airbags and it was sort of a kit car. All you were doing was saving energy. This one meets all federal standards of car production.
Driving the car takes some getting used to. But boy is it quick. It does 0-60mph in 4sec. Like a petrol car, you just put your foot down and go. The real trick with electricity is that it's alive. You put it in a box and it either escapes or dies. The best way to use power is at the point of generation, which is what hybrids do but then you are back with the problem of having two powerplants and the extra weight. Electricity is the best way to run an automobile in the sense that there is no maintenance of any kind.
I have never done any maintenance on my 1909 Baker Electric, other than maybe greasing the wheel hubs. You don't do anything. You plug it in, charge it and drive it. The motor is virtually maintenance-free. This is a car made back in 1909 I am talking about, and the Tesla is the same way. There is nothing much to break or wear out in the engine department, with the exception of maybe the battery, which remains to be seen. They are claiming well over 200 miles per charge, which is pretty impressive.
Behind the wheel the power comes on sharply because it's linear. You have instant torque. The faster you accelerate the faster you go. You've got a two-speed transmission so you can actually shift it. It's a slightly different sensation but I think it's something you'd get used to quickly. You've got air-conditioning and a radio and all the things you would have in a normal car. It's quiet. But many fast cars now are quiet.
When I drove the EV1 I was amazed at how fast it was. Back in the 1990s it was really quick. Top speed was about 85-90mph, but in the real world most of the fun is between 40mph and 80mph, where you put your foot on it.
In the real world I have a Porsche Carrera GT, I have a McLaren F1, and anybody that tells you they've taken those cars to 200mph is a liar. They haven't. Believe me. I did a couple of hundred laps at Talladega and the fastest I got to was 190mph – on a track. By myself. And it was scary. Nobody does those speeds on a public road. If you do, you should be in prison. The real-world fun of acceleration is between 40mph and 80mph.
I think Colin Chapman, the Lotus founder, would be impressed by the technology in the Tesla. He was always looking at making cars lighter and lighter. Lightness is, of course, what makes a car handle. I would say this is the first electric car that truly handles. I think Chapman would be pleased if his design was chosen as an example of superior handling and dynamics.
If one day they were to start a green racing league that used no petrol of any kind, this car would probably win the race the first year out. It feels like a proper sports car.
Would I buy one? Well yes, I would be interested in it. Right now they're $100,000, so consequently it's something rich people would buy. But most new technology starts out with rich people. Antilock brakes started out on the big Cadillacs and Lincolns. They didn't start out on economy cars. To start with it's the rich buyers that can absorb the cost. Anybody who buys a Tesla now is making a statement about buying responsibly. It's a way to make a high performance statement for the new millennium.
If you dropped somebody in from another planet and said, this one with a petrol engine or this one with an electric motor, well, they'd probably say the Tesla. The only downside is the time it takes to charge and that is probably the next step.
The Tesla shows sports cars can be electrifying. The sports car needn't die once oil runs out. I guess this is the first car that means we as sports car aficionados can see beyond the end of the internal combustion engine.
Model Tesla Roadster
Engine Electric motor powered by lithium-ion battery
Power 248bhp @ 8000rpm
Torque 200 lb ft @ 0-6000rpm
Transmission Two-speed manual
Acceleration 0-60mph: 4sec
Top speed 130mph Price $98,000 (£48,600)
Rating : * * * * (4/5)
Verdict Electrifying proof there's life after oil
PandaBeat TROLLTASTIC
#2 PandaBeat, Jul 9, 2007
Love that car.
RLQ new member
#3 RLQ, Jul 9, 2007
Blue Devil killer.

exer51 ...
#4 exer51, Jul 9, 2007
I've always found the thought of electric performance cars enthralling. The insta-torque has me diggin' them. I hope more people adopt straight up electric cars like this. It seems like such a better solution than hybrids... They just seem too complicated, not to mention that at best they're just a crutch not a full solution.
Torque New Member
#5 Torque, Jul 9, 2007
maybe they should work on steam too... where Doble left off in the early 1930s...
diablo roadster the forgotten
#6 diablo roadster, Jul 9, 2007
I was at a local car show and one a Tesla was supposed to be in it, but he showed up late. I saw him driving up and pull up to the entrance gate but nobody else even looked twice, most of them just glanced and kept walking not realizing what it was. I walked over and moved the gate for the guy and he drove through. He gave me a smile and a wave as to say "thanks for knowing what i am". i thought it was funny
Demigod555 Supercar Messia
San Jose, CA, USA
#7 Demigod555, Jul 9, 2007
"In fact I�m still using the alkaline battery that came with the Baker and was made by Edison himself."
god leno is cool
diablo roadster said:
I've seen two of them so far.
Fluchtwagen blithe
#9 Fluchtwagen, Jul 10, 2007
teslas rawk...
awesome name too.
#10 exer51, Jul 10, 2007
RLQ said:
I don't think I've seen any... Which is strange considering Seattle is like the liberal/hippie/environmentalist capitol of the universe. I'm guessing it's because they're not cool enough enviro-freaks to buy a green sports car, because I see a Prius like every .08735 seconds.
Metamorphosis ?
#11 Metamorphosis, Jul 10, 2007
rabbitl1 BULLITT
#12 rabbitl1, Jul 10, 2007
In the real world I have a Porsche Carrera GT, I have a McLaren F1, and anybody that tells you they�ve taken those cars to 200mph is a liar. They haven�t. Believe me. I did a couple of hundred laps at Talladega and the fastest I got to was 190mph � on a track. By myself. And it was scary. Nobody does those speeds on a public road. If you do, you should be in prison. The real-world fun of acceleration is between 40mph and 80mph.
Love that quote, because it's so true.
The Boss New Member
#13 The Boss, Jul 10, 2007
Torque 200 lb ft @ 0-6000rpm
#14 RockaForte, Jul 10, 2007
VICIOUS said:
finally someone that noticed !
AMGrulz Supercar Messiah
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
#15 AMGrulz, Jul 10, 2007
I'm surprised it doesn't make more torque.
Atomic2 BANNED
#16 Atomic2, Jul 10, 2007
rabbitl1 said:
doesnt he have a veyron as well? breaking 200 on a track in a veyron is child's play, i mean James May took it up to 253
groupb Supercar Guru
Oberlin, OH, USA
#17 groupb, Jul 10, 2007
torque said:
SaabJohan Supercar Messiah
#18 SaabJohan, Jul 10, 2007
exer51 said:
Hybrids are the better solution, the electric car is the one with the crutch. Electric cars will always be limited by their batteries, which haven't improved all that much over the years. I also doubt that we will see any bigger improvement in battery capacity or electric motor efficiency in the near future.
Sure, the Tesla is quite powerful for an electric car and this translates into an impressive acceleration. But say that you start use this performance, how long do you think the batteries will last? On a racing track I would say about an hour (if the battery capacity is listed correctly on Wikipedia, but the figure seems reasonable). Then you have to wait for hours until the car can be used again.
The car is also very heavy, sure, 2600 pounds or 1170 kg may have been impressive if it was just any car but it's a car based on Lotus Elise and the Elise weigh in at about 720 kg. That's a weight increase of about 450 kg, or 62%. But this isn't all that strange given that the car has a 450 kg battery.
With a hybrid you can combine the advantages of the combustion engine and its liquid or gaseous fuel with the advantages of the electric motor, without suffering of much of the issues with the electric car.
bossman Supercar Messiah
#19 bossman, Jul 10, 2007
SaabJohan said:
Hybrid technology has changed pretty much not all the past 100 years minus the computer thats drastically increased the viability of it. The internal combustion engine needs to die in everyday life. People will still have more than enough opportunities to build track day cars they can have fun with that can use internal combustion. There's hardly any practical reason to continue widespread use of a technology that at best has 30% efficiency.
They also didn't build this car with the track in mind. It was built as a road going sportscar. No one brings hybrids to the track either.
yes, but this is still more of a performance car then anything hybrid... hybrids would be just as heavy, maybe you wont need as large a battery, but the added weight of the IC engine and the technology to do the regenerative breaking and what not sort of puts you back in the same weight frame.
if you want something economical, diesels get nearly the same MPG as hybrids.
regardless, true electric is the only way to go for performance. the technology will get lighter and cheaper, of that im certain. and although maybe battery capacity will not increase as much as we want [who knows] im sure the charge time will decrease.
besides, how often do you drive more then 200 miles in one day?
944turb0 Supercar Messi
Germany, CA, Poland
#21 944turb0, Jul 10, 2007
No engine, no care.
phizzle Supercar Messi
#22 phizzle, Jul 10, 2007
Do electric cars really reduce overall emissions? It just makes the power companies have to pollute more to supply all of the extra electricity, right?
phizzle said:
Duh. Also have fun recharging your electric pos in 5 minutes like you could fill up a tank of gas.
#24 PandaBeat, Jul 10, 2007
"On a racing track I would say about an hour (if the battery capacity is listed correctly on Wikipedia, but the figure seems reasonable). Then you have to wait for hours until the car can be used again."
1- It's not a "track car", it's an everyday sports car.
2- If you drive the shit out of it, you can drive it for around 160 miles...
"The car is also very heavy"
Uhmmm, no it's not, less than 1200kgs isn't "very heavy", that's less than the the weight of a Fiat Brava... that's only around 100kgs more than a Miata... I don't even want to know what do you think of the BMW M3 (1700kgs) or the Mercedes Benz C63 (1800kgs)...
From TESLA's FAQs:
Don't electric vehicles actually just move pollution to another location? And therefore don't EVs still use oil?
No. Electric power generation in the USA does not use oil. Coal, hydro, nuclear, solar, and natural gas are typical sources for generating electricity. Power generation plants, even coal burning ones, are inherently more efficient and less polluting than vehicles due to economies of scale and the ability to more efficiently remove pollutants from a smaller number of much larger fixed locations.
Also, an electric car is far more efficient than a gasoline car, so the amount of pollution generated by producing the electricity to drive an EV a given distance is much less than the pollution from the gasoline to drive an internal combustion car the same distance.
You can read more in our Energy Efficiency section.
http://www.teslamotors.com/learn_more/energy_efficiency.php


This refund seems way too high..was expecting like $200.
Is there something obviously wrong with this refund? I was expecting like $200-$250 like usual.
Single, no dependants, did not choose any of the extra credit options.


The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has ordered Britain's high street banks to write to an estimated 150,000 customers whose claims under the Plevin regulations were previously rejected inviting them to resubmit their claims.
The regulator is concerned that thousands of consumers who previously had their claims turned down by their lenders are not aware that a change in the rules regarding commission paid on sales means they may have been mis-sold and are eligible for compensation.
In 2014 the High Court ruled that Mrs Susan Plevin had been mis-sold her policy because she was not made aware of the high rate of commission on the sale received by the firm that sold the policy.
Following the Plevin ruling the FCA updated the mis-selling criteria and ruled that any commission over 50% of the cost of the policy was excessive and had to be repaid to the consumer.
But thousands of people had already had their claims rejected before the new rule came into force.
The watchdog is concerned that those thousands of people may not be aware they have the right to have their claim re-assessed before the PPI claims deadline on August 29th.
When the FCA announced its claims deadline it launched a £42 million consumer awareness campaign, warning potential claimants that their claim had to be received and acknowledged by their lenders before the cut-off date or they would lose their right to claim forever.
All potential Plevin cases were included in the same timeframe, but the FCA is concerned the message may not have got through to everyone with the right to make a claim.
The FCA believes around 10,000 people were previously told they couldn't complain about commission costs and a massive 140,000 whose rejected cases were never assessed under the Plevin rules.