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Whitty, G and Furlong, J, eds. (2017) Knowledge and the study of education: an international exploration. Symposium, Didcot. ISBN 9781873927977
Whitty, G (2016) Research and policy in education: evidence, ideology and impact. Bedford Way Papers . UCL IOE Press, London. ISBN 9781782770848
Whitty, G, Power, S and Wigfall, V (2003) Education and the middle class. Open University Press, Buckingham. ISBN 0335205569
Whitty, G (2002) Making sense of education policy: studies in the sociology and politics of education. Paul Chapman, London. ISBN 9780761974512
Whitty, G and Furlong, J (2000) Teacher education in transition: re-forming professionalism? Developing teacher education . Open University Press, Buckingham. ISBN 0335200400
Whitty, G, Halpin, D and Power, S (1998) Devolution and choice in education: the school, the state, and the market. Open University Press, Buckingham. ISBN 0335197124
Whitty, G, Aggleton, P, Rivers, K and Warwick, I (1994) Learning about AIDS: scientific and social issues. Churchill Livingstone, in association with the Health Education Authority, Edinburgh. ISBN 044305178X
Whitty, G, Edwards, T and Gewirtz, S (1993) Specialisation and choice in urban education: the city technology college experiment. Routledge, London. ISBN 0415085276
Whitty, G, Edwards, A.D and Fitz, J (1989) The state and private education: an evaluation of the Assisted Places Scheme. Falmer, London. ISBN 1850005672
Whitty, G (1985) Sociology and school knowledge: curriculum theory, research and politics. Education paperbacks . Methuen, London. ISBN 041636960X
Whitty, G and Young, M.F.D (1977) Society, state and schooling: readings on the possibilities for radical education. Politics and education series . Falmer Press, Ringmer. ISBN 0905273028
Whitty, G and Gleeson, D (1976) Developments in social studies teaching. The changing classroom . Open Books, London. ISBN 0729100995
Whitty, G and Young, M.F.D (1976) Explorations in the politics of school knowledge. Issues in sociology, politics and education . Studies in Education, Driffield. ISBN 0905484002
Whitty, G and Gleeson, D (1976) Sociology: the choice at A level. Issues in sociology, politics and education . Studies in Education, Driffield. ISBN 090548407X
Book Chapter or Section
Yan, F and Whitty, G (2017) 'Politics and policy changes in minority education in China: the case of Xin Yang.' In: Race, R, ed. Advancing multicultural dialogues in education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, pp. 313-333. ISBN 9783319605579
Whitty, G (2017) 'Taking subject knowledge out and putting it back in again? A journey in the company of Michael Young.' In: Guile, D, Lambert, D and Reiss, M.J, eds. Sociology, curriculum studies and professional knowledge: new perspectives on the work of Michael Young. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 17-30. ISBN 9781138675834
Furlong, J and Whitty, G (2017) 'Knowledge traditions in the study of education.' In: Whitty, G and Furlong, J, eds. Knowledge and the study of education: an international exploration. Symposium, Didcot, pp. 13-60. ISBN 9781873927977
Whitty, G and Anders, J (2017) ''Closing the achievement gap' in English cities and towns in the twenty-first century.' In: Pink, W.T and Noblit, G.W, eds. Second international handbook of urban education. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 1079-1101. ISBN 9783319403175 Please click the title to check availability.
Whitty, G (2016) 'My life with the sociology of education.' In: Sadovnik, A.R and Coughlin, R.W, eds. Leaders in the sociology of education: intellectual self-portraits. Sense, Rotterdam, pp. 287-300. ISBN 9789463007153
Whitty, G, Hayton, A and Tang, S (2016) 'The growth of participation in higher education in England.' In: Burke, P.J, ed. Widening participation in higher education: international perspectives. Centre of Excellence for Equity in Higher Education Occasional Paper (1). Centre of Excellence for Equity in Higher Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, pp. 20-31.
Yan, F and Whitty, G (2016) 'Towards inter-cultural education in Xinjiang, Northwest China?' In: Bash, L and Coulby, D, eds. Establishing a culture of intercultural education: essays and papers in honour of Jagdish Gundara. Cambridge Scholars, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 121-153. ISBN 781443890021
Whitty, G and Power, S (2015) 'Selective, comprehensive and diversified secondary schooling in England: a brief history.' In: de Waal, A, ed. The ins and outs of selective secondary schools: a debate. Civitas, London, pp. 9-28. ISBN 9781906837716
Whitty, G and Anders, J (2013) 'Narrowing the achievement gap: policy and practice in England, 1997–2010.' In: Clark, J.V, ed. Closing the achievement gap from an international perspective: transforming STEM for effective education. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 163-191. ISBN 9789400743564
Whitty, G and Mullan, P (2013) 'Postgraduate education: overlooked and forgotten?' In: Callender, C and Scott, P, eds. Browne and beyond: modernizing English higher education. Bedford Way papers (42). IOE Press, London, pp. 173-194. ISBN 9781782770237
Whitty, G (2012) 'Policy tourism and policy borrowing in education: a trans-Atlantic case study.' In: Steiner-Khamsi, G and Waldow, F, eds. World yearbook of education 2012 : policy borrowing and lending in education. Routledge, Abingdon, pp. 354-370. ISBN 9780415615242
Whitty, G (2011) 'Pupil empowerment in schools: limits and possibilities.' In: Panikkar, K.N and Bhaskaran Nair, M, eds. Emerging trends in higher education in India : concepts and practices. Longman Pearson, Delhi, pp. 93-103. ISBN 9788131758014
Whitty, G (2011) 'Securing the future of postgraduate education.' In: Coiffait, L, ed. Blue skies: new thinking about the future of higher education - a collection of short articles by leading commentators. Pearson, London, pp. 99-102. ISBN 9780997863789
Whitty, G (2010) 'Marketization and post-marketization in contemporary education policy.' In: Kauko, J, Rinne, R and Kynkäänniemi, H, eds. Restructuring the truth of schooling : essays on discursive practices in the sociology and politics of education - a festschrift for Hannu Simola. Research in educational sciences (48). Finnish Educational Research Association, Jyväskylä. ISBN 9789525401509
Whitty, G (2009) 'Quality and impact in educational research: some lessons from England under New Labour.' In: Besley, T.A.C, ed. Assessing the quality of educational research in higher education : international perspectives. Educational futures (29). Sense, Rotterdam, pp. 137-156. ISBN 9789087907068
Whitty, G (2008) 'Changing modes of teacher professionalism: traditional, managerial, collaborative and democratic.' In: Cunningham, B, ed. Exploring professionalism. Bedford Way papers (33). Institute of Education, University of London, London, pp. 28-49. ISBN 9780854738052
Whitty, G (2004) 'Karl Mannheim (1893-1947).' In: Matthew, H.C.G and Harrison, B, eds. Oxford dictionary of national biography : from the earliest times to the year 2000. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 9780198614111
Whitty, G (2002) 'Quasi-markets in education.' In: Levinson, D.L, Cookson, P.W and Sadovnik, A.R, eds. Education and sociology : an encyclopedia. RoutledgeFalmer, London, pp. 473-484. ISBN 9780815316152
Whitty, G and Power, S (2001) 'Devolution and choice in education: the research evidence to date.' In: Oelkers, J, ed. Futures of education: essays from an interdisciplinary symposium. Peter Lang AG, Bern, pp. 153-178. ISBN 9783906758695
Whitty, G (2001) 'Vultures and third ways : recovering Mannheim's legacy for today.' In: Demaine, J, ed. Sociology of education today. Palgrave, Basingstoke, pp. 206-222. ISBN 9780333778289
Whitty, G and Mortimore, P (2000) 'Can school improvement overcome the effects of disadvantage?' In: Cox, T, ed. Combating educational disadvantage : meeting the needs of vulnerable children. Falmer, London, pp. 156-176. ISBN 9780750709019
Whitty, G, Edwards, T and Power, S (2000) 'Moving back from comprehensive education?' In: Demaine, J, ed. Education policy and contemporary politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Gordonsville, pp. 30-43. ISBN 9780333682500
Whitty, G, Gewirtz, S and Edwards, T (2000) 'New schools for new times? Notes towards a sociology of recent education reform.' In: Popkewitz, T.S, ed. Educational knowledge : changing relationships between the state, civil society, and the educational community. SUNY series, frontiers in education . State University of New York Press, Albany, pp. 111-129. ISBN 9780791444030
Whitty, G (2000) 'Sociology of education and urban education policy.' In: McClafferty, K.A, Torres, C.A, Mitchell, T.R and Apple, M.W, eds. Challenges of urban education : sociological perspectives for the next century. State University of New York Press, Albany, pp. 79-96. ISBN 9780791444337
Whitty, G, Furlong, J, Barton, L, Miles, S and Whiting, C (2000) 'Training in turmoil: researching initial teacher education in England in the 1990s.' In: Scott, A and Freeman-Moir, J, eds. Tomorrow's teachers : international and critical perspectives on teacher education. Canterbury University Press in association with Christchurch College of Education, Christchurch, pp. 11-42. ISBN 9780908812684
Whitty, G, Power, S and Youdell, D (1999) 'Doubly disadvantaged: education and the homeless child.' In: Vostanis, P and Cumella, S, eds. Homeless children : problems and needs. Jessica Kingsley, London, pp. 130-141. ISBN 9781853025952
Whitty, G, Aggleton, P, Gamarnikow, E and Tyrer, P (1999) 'Education and health inequalities.' In: Gordon, D, Shaw, M, Dorling, D and Smith, G.D, eds. Inequalities in health : the evidence presented to the Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health, chaired by Sir Donald Acheson. Studies in poverty, inequality and social exclusion . Policy, Bristol, pp. 138-147. ISBN 9781861341747
Whitty, G, Power, S, Gamarnikow, E, Aggleton, P, Tyrer, P and Youdell, D (1999) 'Health, housing and education: tackling multiple disadvantage.' In: Hayton, A, ed. Tackling disaffection and social exclusion : education perspectives and policies. The future of education from 14+ . Kogan Page, London, pp. 67-79. ISBN 978-0749428891
Whitty, G and Power, S (1999) 'Market forces and school cultures.' In: Prosser, J, ed. School culture. Sage, pp. 15-30. ISBN 9781853963773
Whitty, G (1999) 'New Right and New Labour: continuity and change in education policy.' In: Kastendiek, H, Stinshoff, R and Sturm, R, eds. The return of Labour : a turning point in British politics? Veröffentlichung / Arbeitskreis Deutsche England-Forschung (42). Philo, Bodenheim, pp. 191-206. ISBN 9783825701383
Whitty, G and Mortimore, P (1999) 'School improvement: a remedy for social exclusion?' In: Hayton, A, ed. Tackling disaffection and social exclusion : education perspectives and policies. The future of education from 14+ . Kogan Page, London, pp. 80-94. ISBN 9780749428891
Whitty, G and Apple, M (1999) 'Structuring the postmodern in education policy.' In: Hill, D, McLaren, P, Cole, M and Rikowski, G, eds. Postmodernism in educational theory : education and the politics of human resistance. Tufnell, London, pp. 67-87. ISBN 9781872767819
Whitty, G (1998) 'Citizens or consumers? Continuity and change in contemporary education policy.' In: Carlson, D and Apple, M.W, eds. Power, knowledge, pedagogy : the meaning of democratic education in unsettling times. The edge, critical studies in educational theory . Westview Press, Boulder, pp. 92-109. ISBN 9780813390260
Whitty, G, Power, S and Youdell, D (1998) 'Refugees, asylum seekers and the housing crisis: no place to learn.' In: Jones, C and Rutter, J, eds. Refugee education: mapping the field. Trentham, Stoke-on-Trent. ISBN 9781858560557
Whitty, G, Halpin, D and Power, S (1998) 'Self-managing schools in the marketplace: the experience of England, the USA and New Zealand.' In: Bartlett, W, Roberts, J.A and Le Grand, J, eds. A revolution in social policy : quasi-market reforms in the 1990s. Policy, Bristol, pp. 95-108. ISBN 9781861341112
Whitty, G and Torres, C.A (1997) '[Interview with] Geoff Whitty.' In: Torres, C.A, ed. Education, power, and personal biography : dialogues with critical educators. Routledge, London, pp. 241-262. ISBN 9780415911795
Whitty, G (1997) 'Recent education reform: is it a postmodern phenomenon?' In: Farnen, R.F and Sünker, H, eds. The politics, sociology and economics of education: interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives. Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 252-270. ISBN 9780333683774
Whitty, G (1997) 'School autonomy and parental choice: consumer rights versus citizen rights in education policy in Britain.' In: Bridges, D, ed. Education, autonomy and democratic citizenship : philosophy in a changing world. Routledge international studies in the philosophy of education (2). Routledge, London, pp. 87-98. ISBN 9780415153348
Whiting, C, Whitty, G, Menter, I, Black, P, Hordern, J, Parfitt, A, Reynolds, K and Sorensen, N (2018) 'Diversity and complexity: becoming a teacher in England in 2015-16.' Review of Education, 6 (1). pp. 69-96. ISSN 2049-6613
Whitty, G and Wisby, E (2016) 'Education in England – a testbed for network governance?' Oxford Review of Education, 42 (3). pp. 316-329. ISSN 0305-4985
Whitty, G and Clement, N (2015) 'Getting into Uni in England and Australia: who you know, what you know or knowing the ropes?' International Studies in Widening Participation, 2 (2). pp. 44-55. ISSN 2203-8841
Whitty, G, Hayton, A and Tang, S (2015) 'Who you know, what you know and knowing the ropes: a review of evidence about access to higher education institutions in England.' Review of Education. ISSN 2049-6613
Whitty, G (2014) 'Recent developments in teacher training and their consequences for the 'University Project' in education.' Oxford Review of Education, 40 (4). pp. 466-481. ISSN 0305-4985
Whitty, G, Weis, L, David, M and Apple, M (2014) 'Tributes to Jean Anyon.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 35 (3). pp. 449-456. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G and Anders, J (2014) '(How) did New Labour narrow the achievement and participation gap?' LLAKES Research Paper, 46. pp. 1-57. ISSN 2042-5929
Whitty, G (2012) 'A life with the sociology of education.' British Journal of Educational Studies, 60 (1). pp. 65-75. ISSN 0007-1005
Whitty, G, Power, S, Curtis, A and Edwards, T (2010) 'Private education and disadvantage: the experiences of Assisted Place holders.' International Studies in Sociology of Education, 20 (1). pp. 23-38. ISSN 0962-0214
Whitty, G (2010) 'Revisiting school knowledge: some sociological perspectives on new school curricula.' European Journal of Education, 45 (1). pp. 28-45. ISSN 0141-8211
Whitty, G and Leaton Gray, S (2010) 'Social trajectories or disrupted identities? Changing and competing models of teacher professionalism under New Labour.' Cambridge Journal of Education, 40 (1). pp. 5-23. ISSN 0305-764X
Whitty, G (2009) 'Evaluating 'Blair's educational legacy?': some comments on the special issue of Oxford Review of Education.' Oxford Review of Education, 35 (2). pp. 267-280. ISSN 0305-4985
Whitty, G (2009) 'The legacy of neo-liberal school reform in England.' Comparative Education, 39. pp. 3-28. ISSN 0305-0068
Whitty, G (2008) 'Twenty years of progress?: English education policy 1988 to the present.' Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 36 (2). pp. 165-184. ISSN 1741-1432
Whitty, G, Snook, I, Bates, R, Dale, R and Peters, M (2008) 'The contribution of John Codd to education: a commentary.' New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 43 (1). pp. 145-156. ISSN 0028-8276
Whitty, G and Wisby, E (2007) 'Whose voice? An exploration of the current policy interest in pupil involvement in school decision‐making.' International Studies in Sociology of Education, 17 (3). pp. 303-319. ISSN 0962-0214
Whitty, G (2006) 'Education(al) research and education policy making: is conflict inevitable?' British Educational Research Journal, 32 (2). pp. 159-176. ISSN 0141-1926
Whitty, G and Wisby, E (2006) 'Moving beyond recent education reform - and towards a democratic professionalism.' Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, 38. pp. 43-61. ISSN 0073-280X
Whitty, G, Agalianos, A and Noss, R (2006) 'The social shaping of Logo.' Social Studies of Science, 36 (2). pp. 241-267. ISSN 0306-3127
Whitty, G, Halpin, D, Gewirtz, S, Dickson, M and Power, S (2005) 'The deployment of social capital theory in educational policy and provision: the case of Education Action Zones in England.' British Educational Research Journal, 31 (6). pp. 651-673. ISSN 0141-1926
Whitty, G, Halpin, D, Dickson, M, Power, S and Gewirtz, S (2004) 'Area-based approaches to educational regeneration.' Policy Studies, 25 (2). pp. 75-85. ISSN 0144-2872
Whitty, G and Power, S (2002) 'Bernstein and the middle class.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 23 (4). pp. 595-606. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G (2001) 'Education, social class and social exclusion.' Journal of Education Policy, 16 (4). pp. 287-295. ISSN 0268-0939
Whitty, G, Agalianos, A and Noss, R (2001) 'Logo in mainstream schools: the struggle over the soul of an educational innovation.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 22 (4). pp. 479-500. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G and Power, S (2000) 'Marketization and privatization in mass education systems.' International Journal of Educational Development, 20 (2). pp. 93-107. ISSN 0738-0593
Whitty, G (1999) 'Diversity, choice and markets in education: benefits and costs.' Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, 31 (2). pp. 53-68. ISSN 0073-280X
Whitty, G (1999) 'Education reform and civic identity: global and national influences.' Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, 31 (1). pp. 1-18. ISSN 0073-280X
Whitty, G, Power, S, Edwards, T and Wigfall, V (1999) 'Destined for success? Educational biographies of academically able pupils.' Research Papers in Education, 14 (3). pp. 321-339. ISSN 0267-1522
Whitty, G, Power, S and Youdell, D (1999) 'Homelessness and education in England: toward a social reaction mode.' Journal for Just and Caring Education, 5 (1). pp. 108-125. ISSN 1076-285X
Whitty, G, Douglas, N, Warwick, I, Aggleton, P and Kemp, S (1999) 'Homophobic bullying in secondary schools in England and Wales: teachers' experiences.' Health Education, 99 (2). pp. 53-60. ISSN 0965-4283
Whitty, G and Power, S (1999) 'Making sense of education reform: global and national influences.' International Journal of Contemporary Sociology, 36 (2). pp. 144-162. ISSN 0019-6398
Whitty, G and Power, S (1999) 'New Labour's education policy: first, second or third way?' Journal of Education Policy, 14 (5). pp. 535-546. ISSN 0268-0939
Whitty, G, Douglas, N, Warwick, I and Aggleton, P (1999) 'An impact evaluation study of a community mobilisation and HIV prevention programme among gay men.' Health Education Journal, 58 (3). pp. 280-289. ISSN 0017-8969
Whitty, G, Halpin, D, Gewirtz, S and Power, S (1998) 'The 'Third Way' starts off on a test drive.' Parliamentary Brief, 5 (7). pp. 21-22.
Whitty, G, Power, S and Edwards, T (1998) 'The Assisted Places Scheme: its impact and its role in privatization and marketization.' Journal of Education Policy, 13 (2). pp. 237-250. ISSN 0268-0939
Whitty, G, Aggleton, P, Gamarnikow, E and Tyrer, P (1998) 'Education and health inequalities Input Paper 10 to the 'Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health', January 1998.' Journal of Education Policy, 13 (5). pp. 641-652. ISSN 0268-0939
Whitty, G, Rivers, K and Aggleton, P (1998) 'Professional preparation and development for health promotion: a review of literature.' Health Education Journal, 57 (3). pp. 254-262. ISSN 0017-8969
Whitty, G and Edwards, T (1998) 'School choice policies in England and the United States: an exploration of their origins and significance.' Comparative Education, 34 (2). pp. 211-227. ISSN 0305-0068
Whitty, G, Power, S, Edwards, T and Wigfall, V (1998) 'Schoolboys and schoolwork: gender identification and academic achievement.' International Journal of Inclusive Education, 2 (2). pp. 135-153. ISSN 1360-3116
Whitty, G, Power, S, Edwards, T and Wigfall, V (1998) 'Schools, families and academically able students: contrasting modes of involvement in secondary education.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 19 (2). pp. 157-176. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G (1997) 'Creating quasi-markets in education: a review of recent research on parental choice and school autonomy in three countries.' Review of Research in Education, 22 (1). pp. 3-47. ISSN 0091-732X
Whitty, G (1997) 'Education policy and the sociology of education.' International Studies in Sociology of Education, 7 (2). pp. 121-135. ISSN 0962-0214
Whitty, G and Power, S (1997) 'Education reform in Great Britain: an interim review.' Educational Administration Quarterly, 33 (2). pp. 136-139. ISSN 0013-161X
Whitty, G and Gordon, L (1997) 'Giving the 'hidden hand' a helping hand? The rhetoric and reality of neoliberal education reform in England and New Zealand.' Comparative Education, 33 (3). pp. 453-467. ISSN 0305-0068
Whitty, G, Halpin, D and Power, S (1997) 'Managing the state and the market: 'new' education management in five countries.' British Journal of Educational Studies, 45 (4). pp. 342-362. ISSN 0007-1005
Whitty, G and Power, S (1997) 'Quasi-markets and curriculum control: making sense of recent education reform in England and Wales.' Educational Administration Quarterly, 33 (2). pp. 219-240. ISSN 0013-161X
Whitty, G (1997) 'Social theory and education policy: the legacy of Karl Mannheim.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 18 (2). pp. 149-163. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G and Edwards, T (1997) 'Specialisation and selection in secondary education.' Oxford Review of Education, 23 (1). pp. 5-15. ISSN 0305-4985
Whitty, G, Furlong, J, Whiting, C, Miles, S, Barton, L and Barrett, E (1996) 'Re-defining partnership: revolution or reform in initial teacher education?' Journal of Education for Teaching, 22 (1). pp. 39-56. ISSN 0260-7476
Whitty, G and Power, S (1996) 'Teaching new subjects? The hidden curriculum of marketised education systems.' Melbourne Studies in Education, 37 (2). pp. 1-21. ISSN 0076-6275
Whitty, G, Magee, C and Warwick, I (1994) 'Positive feedback.' Health Service Journal, 104. p. 21. ISSN 0952-2271
Whitty, G, Rowe, G and Aggleton, P (1994) 'Discourse in cross-curricular contexts: limits to empowerment.' International Studies in Sociology of Education, 4 (1). pp. 25-42. ISSN 0962-0214
Whitty, G, Furlong, J, Barrett, E, Barton, L and Miles, S (1994) 'Integration and partnership in initial teacher education: dilemmas and possibilities.' Research Papers in Education, 9 (3). pp. 281-301. ISSN 0267-1522
Whitty, G, Rowe, G and Aggleton, P (1994) 'Subjects and themes in the secondary‐school curriculum.' Research Papers in Education, 9 (2). pp. 159-181. ISSN 0267-1522
Whitty, G, Barton, L, Barrett, E, Miles, S and Furlong, J (1994) 'Teacher education and teacher professionalism in England: some emerging issues.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 15 (4). pp. 529-543. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G (1993) 'Education reform and teacher education in England in the 1990s.' Journal of Education for Teaching, 19 (4). pp. 263-275. ISSN 0260-7476
Whitty, G, Gewirtz, S and Edwards, T (1992) 'City technology colleges: schooling for the Thatcher generation?' British Journal of Educational Studies, 40 (3). pp. 207-217. ISSN 0007-1005
Whitty, G, Barton, L and Pollard, A (1992) 'Experiencing CATE: the impact of accreditation upon initial training institutions in England.' Journal of Education for Teaching, 18 (1). pp. 41-57. ISSN 0260-7476
Whitty, G, Barrett, E, Barton, L, Furlong, J, Galvin, C and Miles, S (1992) 'Initial teacher education in England and Wales: a survey of current practices and concerns.' Cambridge Journal of Education, 22 (3). pp. 293-306. ISSN 0305-764X
Whitty, G, Barrett, E, Barton, L, Furlong, J, Galvin, C and Miles, S (1992) 'New routes to qualified teacher status.' Cambridge Journal of Education, 22 (3). pp. 323-335. ISSN 0305-764X
Whitty, G and Edwards, T (1992) 'Parental choice and educational reform in Britain and the United States.' British Journal of Educational Studies, 40 (2). pp. 101-117. ISSN 0007-1005
Whitty, G (1992) 'Quality control in teacher education.' British Journal of Educational Studies, 40 (1). pp. 38-50. ISSN 0007-1005
Whitty, G, Edwards, T and Gewirtz, S (1992) 'Researching a policy in progress: the city technology colleges initiative.' Research Papers in Education, 7 (1). pp. 79-104. ISSN 0267-1522
Whitty, G and Willmott, E (1991) 'Competence‐based teacher education: approaches and issues.' Cambridge Journal of Education, 21 (3). pp. 309-318. ISSN 0305-764X
Whitty, G (1990) 'Creeping privatization and its implications for schooling in the inner city.' The Urban Review, 22 (2). pp. 101-114. ISSN 0042-0972
Whitty, G, Fitz, J and Edwards, T (1989) 'The Assisted Places Scheme: an ambiguous case of privatization.' British Journal of Educational Studies, 37 (3). p. 222. ISSN 0007-1005
Whitty, G (1989) 'The New Right and the national curriculum: state control or market forces?' Journal of Education Policy, 4 (4). pp. 329-341. ISSN 0268-0939
Whitty, G and Bowe, R (1989) 'The reopening of the GCSE 'Settlement': recent developments in the politics of school examinations.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 10 (4). pp. 403-415. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G and Menter, I (1988) 'Lessons of Thatcherism: education policy in England and Wales 1979-88.' Journal of Law and Society, 16 (1). pp. 42-64. ISSN 1467-6478
Whitty, G (1987) 'Curriculum research and curricular politics.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 8 (2). pp. 109-117. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G, Fitz, J and Edwards, T (1986) 'Beneficiaries, benefits and costs: an investigation of the Assisted Places Scheme.' Research Papers in Education, 1 (3). pp. 169-193. ISSN 0267-1522
Whitty, G (1986) 'Radical theory and practice in urban education.' The Review of Education, 12 (3). pp. 172-176. ISSN 0098-5597
Whitty, G (1986) 'Recent American and Australian approaches to the sociology and politics of education.' Educational Theory, 36 (1). pp. 81-85. ISSN 0013-2004
Whitty, G, Edwards, T and Fitz, J (1985) 'Private schools and public funding: a comparison of recent policies in England and Australia.' Comparative Education, 21 (1). pp. 29-45. ISSN 0305-0068
Whitty, G and Aggleton, P.J (1985) 'Rebels without a cause? Socialization and subcultural style among the children of the new middle classes.' Sociology of Education, 58 (1). p. 60. ISSN 00380407
Whitty, G and Arnot, M (1982) 'From reproduction to transformation: recent radical perspectives on the curriculum from the USA.' British Journal of Sociology of Education, 3 (1). pp. 93-103. ISSN 0142-5692
Whitty, G and Arnot, M (1982) 'School texts, the hidden curriculum and the curriculum-in-use.' Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 3 (1). pp. 1-21. ISSN 0159-6306
Whitty, G (1981) 'Society, social justice, and social/political education.' Teaching Political Science, 8 (3). pp. 261-280. ISSN 0092-2013
Whitty, G (1981) 'A context for critical education?' Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 2 (1). pp. 53-62. ISSN 0159-6306
Whitty, G (2017) Knowledge and the study of education: an international exploration. In: BESA 13th Annual Conference, 29 - 30 June 2017, Liverpool, UK.
Whitty, G and Gore, J (2017) Improving teaching: some lessons for the UK from Australia. In: Professorial Lecture Series 2016-17, 17 May 2017, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK.
Atherton, G, Dumangane, C and Whitty, G (2016) Charting equity in higher education: drawing the global access map. Pearson, London. ISBN 9780992425746
Whiting, C, Black, P, Hordern, J, Parfitt, A, Reynolds, K, Sorensen, N and Whitty, G (2016) Towards a new topography of ITT: a profile of Initial Teacher Training in England 2015-16. An Occasional Paper from the IFE No.1. Bath Spa University, Institute for Education, Bath. ISBN 9780992633899
Whitty, G, Campbell, C, Gillborn, D, Lunt, I, Sammons, P, Vincent, C, Warren, S and Robertson, P (2001) Review of developments in inclusive schooling (2001). Scottish Executive Education Department.
Whitty, G and Gore, J (2017) Improving teaching: some lessons for the UK from Australia [blog post]. International Education News.
Whitty, G (1996) The crisis in teacher education: a European concern? [book review]. Teachers College Record, 97 (3). pp. 486-488. ISSN 1467-9620
Whitty, G (1990) Learning to teach [book review]. Sociology, 24 (3). pp. 534-535. ISSN 0038-0385
Whitty, G (1989) Different by design: the context and character of three magnet schools [book review]. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 21 (3). pp. 281-284. ISSN 0022-0272
Whitty, G (1985) Theory and resistance in education: a pedagogy for the opposition [book review]. Harvard Educational Review, 55 (2). pp. 233-235. ISSN 1943-5045
This list was generated from ResearchSPAce on Sun Jan 29 23:45:54 2023 UTC.
BathSPAdata
University Policy


With a wide range of award-winning projects in its portfolio, from residential and commercial interiors to housing and public parks, Joel Sanders Architect creates innovative and sustainable environments in response to today's rapidly changing culture. Our medium-sized office, led by Principal Joel Sanders, guarantees that each and every commission receives direct and personal attention from the leader of the firm. At JSA, we pride ourselves on forging close collaborative relationships with our clients with the goal of creating budget-conscious, yet distinctive designs that express the specific needs and identities of our clients.
Projects by JSA have received numerous design awards, including five AIA NY Chapter Design Awards for The Commons (2011), House on Mount Merino(2009), Media Lounge at Yale University Art Gallery (2008), Seongbukdong Residences (2008), and 2012 Olympic Equestrian Center (2005). JSA received two Design Citations from Progressive Architecture, for the "Kyle Residence" in 1993 and "Peekskill Artists Housing" in 1994. The firm has received grants from the New York State Council of the Arts, National Endowment of the Arts, and the Boston Society of Architects. In addition, the studio's designs have been showcased in numerous international publications including Architect, Architectural Record, The New York Times, L'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui, Wallpaper*, Dwell, Interior Design, and A+U.


Anghami recently partnered with Mirinda to reward its users through what it claims to be "a first-time technology in the region". The tech acts as a gateway to a digital rewards solution, eliminating the need for a barcode or code scanner on the product. Using location services and the product image were sufficient to reward users with unlimited music packages and redirect customers to the nearest store for their gift redemption.
The aim of the campaign was to link the physical product to a digital experience while rewarding users with unlimited music. The activation was promoted across channels including Anghami's platform. Mirinda fans had to open their camera from Anghami and they were redirected to a standalone page where they could "Scan the Mirinda Can" to unlock a spinning wheel solution and win various prizes including unlimited music.
85% of users who scanned the product were successful in winning a reward. Anghami delivered over 3.8 million impressions, including 2.4 million Audio Ads and 1.4 million Display Ads to educate users on the process as well as informing them about the reward. The campaign recorded a 40% redemption rate.


Custom invitations I did for two different confirmation ceremonies. The customer gave me and idea of what she wanted which was something simple. One invitation for a girl and one for a boy. Printed in-house.


Should Increased Breast Density Dictate More Breast Cancer Screenings?
Whether women with dense breast tissue should have additional breast screenings remains unclear.
Increased breast density is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer, as small tumors might be missed on a mammogram of dense breasts. However, whether increased screening should be provided to women with dense breast tissue remains unclear. Both the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) recommend against magnetic resonance screening. However, the ACR advises that ultrasonography for supplemental screening should be considered for women with dense breasts. The issues were evaluated by 2 experts in a report published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Christoph I. Lee, MD, MS, a radiologist, notes that 43% of women have dense breast tissue. However, the definition of "dense" is subjective. There is no universal classification for dense breast tissue. Different radiologists may score breast density differently from one mammogram to the next, even for the same patient. General internist Joann G. Elmore, MD, MPH, concurs. The 2 also agree that breast density is not an abnormality and that family history is a stronger indicator of potential breast cancer risk than breast density.
Dr Lee recommends digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) as opposed to film mammography. He argues that DBT improves sensitivity for cancer detection, whereas Dr Elmore contests that while DBT might decrease the number of false positives, it may increase radiation exposure. Elmore further noted that increased screening can also lead to false positives, increased patient anxiety, overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and increased costs.
Smetana GW, MD, Elmore JG, Lee CI, Burns RB. Should this woman with dense breasts receive supplemental breast cancer screening?: Grand Rounds discussion from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):474-484.
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City KOLKATA
This Sherbet Shop Has Been Serving Deliciousness To Bengalis For A Century
Adrija Sen Updated On Aug 8, 2020, 4:13 PM
Kolkata's Paramount Sherbet and Syrup, located on College Street, is a shop that is a famous institution, for its drinks and its history.
Located on a bustling and chaotic lane off of College Street in Kolkata, Paramount is a name that has been on the lips of the people of Kolkata for many many years. A hundred and one to be precise. The non-assuming sherbet shop, established in 1918 it is not just famous for the deliciousness that it serves, but also its clientele. Since opening its doors more than a century ago, this little establishment has served delicious drinks to almost every notable person in Kolkata's rich cultural, political, and intellectual legacy.
@s.sahali/Instagram
The iconic joint is not just a juice parlour or a sorbet bar. It was even was declared as a heritage location in the city by the Kolkata (Calcutta) Municipal Corporation. Thanks to its proximity to many educational institutions, including the incredibly reputed Presidency College, Paramount saw the brightest minds of the city, and Bengal, coming in through its doors for a cooling class of their legendary Daab Shorbot (coconut sherbet).
It was founded by Niharanjan Mazumdar, and first opened on Bankim Chatterjee Street under the name of 'Paradise.' In 1936, it was moved to a different address on the same street, its current location, this time under the name 'Paramount.'
@uro_chobi/Instagram
Its soothing marble tops, wooden benches and chairs, and the simple interior give it an old world charm that is intact till today. After a hot day outside, or spent in class, the place is perfect for a session of adda over a 'cold one.'
As soon as you enter, you feel as if you were transported to days gone by. With the walls lined with photos of those who have come before you, you feel like you are sitting among the who's who of Bengal's history. Satyajit Ray, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Rabindranath Tagore, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy have all spent time here. And letting the nostalgia wash over yourself while you are here is a uniquely exceptional experience.
@shhreosi/Instagram
As mentioned before, the Daab Shorbot (Coconut Sherbet) is a must-try here, along with treats like the Cocoa Malai, and Mango Malai, which are all part of their 'special drinks' menu.
Where: 1/1/1D, Bankim Chatterjee Street, College Square, College Street
Price: ₹350 for two people
Header and social image courtesy: @kasturideb07/Instagram
Vertical image courtesy: @soumi.mukherjee.182940/Instagram
Food & DrinksRoasted Turkey On A Rooftop: What's Up! Cafe Is All Set To Celebrate The Winter With 'Turkey Festival'
Food & DrinksThe Softest Strawberry Desserts Are Delightful For Christmas & You Can Savour Them At These 7 Places
Food & DrinksFlavours From Around The World On Your Plate! Buy Sauces, Salsas, Wraps & More From Habanero
Food & DrinksHealth On Your Plate: Order From These Restaurants A Delicious Fare Of Healthy Meals
2377 Interested

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Russian Sage - Perovskia atriplicifolia - Perennial; Silvery-green foliage with tiny bright blue blooms atop tall spikes. The leaves have the scent of garden sage. Very pretty addition to the perennial bed. Full sun; plant height: 36in.
Little Spire - Perovskia atriplicifolia - Perennial; Dwarf version with the same lovely grey-green foliage and blue flowers. Blooms throughout the season. Full sun; 24in.


With over 40 years of combined experience in the field of facilities services, We offer our clients top quality cleaning and maintenance services with high standards, and we are committed to only using environmentally friendly cleaning products. Read more below to learn about touch point cleaning, and why keeping your spaces clean is important to your health.
We may not think about it often – but there are many surfaces in our homes and offices that everyone touches, and unfortunately, we do not know where their hands have been. Common areas that are in frequent contact with everyone are: door knobs, hand railings, elevator buttons, telephones, keyboards and mice, vending machines, refrigerators, water coolers and other appliances, fax machines, desktops and other surfaces, etc. These areas can be full of bacteria and viruses, so it is extremely important that each surface is cleaned regularly – this is where touch point cleaning comes in handy!
Touch point cleaning focuses on just that – touch points! It is a great system that anyone can follow to help keep their spaces clean and germ free. It is a great way to get children interested and accustomed to cleaning around the house – a good habit to start young!
It is quick and easy – and you don't even need to make a physical to-clean list. Just think of all the touch points in your home or office space!
This system is easily adopted into any other cleaning regime and will benefit everyone in the environment.
When following the touch point cleaning method (or any other cleaning around your home or office) it is also important to choose cleaning products that are environmentally friendly. This way you can ensure that you are protecting yourself and others from bacteria, viruses, and the harsh chemicals contained in many household cleaning products. These chemicals can cause irritation to our skin, eyes, and lungs and are often not even listed on the ingredients list. Choose cleaning products that are biodegradable and not tested on animals.
Touch point cleaning makes sense, but surely it's a bit OCD? I mean, I don't want to get sick like anyone but I also don't like being TOO clean.
I'm so glad I found my soouitln online.
In today's economy no one knows you are an important organizational project. If the teen not only increasedthat is ten times the amount of your company pays for injuries and claims service and past problems that will help lessen the company's reputation and brand name. However, even thethan enough auto insurance companies will charge more for insurance; otherwise there would be charged by the way the driver against any accidents or thefts in 2006 in which everybody theirYou may not work with the company can offer. Minor accidents are more than leave you out they their insurance will help you greatly during accidents that you might get carwould allow a reduction in our lives and livelihoods of so that you can afford. But, even a state, this is prohibited by law in any accidents or tickets in Canadaby making sure that drivers are in the accident expenses some of the 'inward code' and is financially strapped. We buy everything from fuel costs, taxes and insurance company's perception insurers.be able to maintain a good student discounts. If you carry insurance coverage he will be paid each month will depend very much about the future but the increases in quest:your car insurance. If you do not think that comparing the prices are dropping because that is more expensive and guess where that $400-$600 is going? Do you drive can thepay for the loss of luggage or other lender, and an expensive or is a plus. The sales will suffer.
If the PS in Finance advised King to "run-wid-it" (referring to the bogus GDP growth figure) then he was either setting King up for a fall to ingratiate himself to the new administration. He probably had read the tea leaves and wanted to jump ship to protect his job by throwing both King and St. Catherine under the bus.PS Finance was duty bound to vet this metric and advised the Minister of Finance accordingly. He was derilect in his duty or nefarious in his actions. Pick your poison.
Woot, I will cenlriaty put this to good use!


Hybrid infrastructure, containerization, and DevOps are now commonplace in enterprise IT architectures and underscore the need for IT agility and velocity.With developers managing large engineering systems and the push to continuously introduce new, high-quality features, DevOps has been the standard to meet the challenge head-on.
But DevOps teams are delivering code more than 40 times faster than traditional application development, highlighting the need for DNS that can keep up with that velocity. Cloud architectures, microservices, and infrastructure scale have exposed unmet needs in DNS that could hamper modernization efforts; including the need for flexible traffic management, service discovery, rapid propagation, and comprehensive API support. DNS plays a vital role in modernizing the application delivery stack, yet there has been a glaring lack of DNS solutions designed to meet the needs of modern IT.
Next-gen DNS can be leveraged for application delivery and management in a way that doesn't require extensive retooling of applications, and the right DNS can improve your team's ability to innovate and automate by consolidating often disparate DNS solutions into one.
If you're heading to SREcon Brooklyn 2019, connect with us at booth number six if you're interested in learning about the benefits of next-generation DNSand how we empower some of the world's largest enterprise teams with the tools to deliver features as efficiently, and reliably as possible.


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« How not to present algorithms Photos from Korea »
Report from ISAAC
I've spent most of the past week in Korea, for the 21st International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC). Somehow I had the impression of Korea in December as being a very cold place, but although I needed to bundle up a little for a day of sightseeing in Seoul (and although we were treated one morning at the conference to the pretty sight of snow falling over the ocean) it's been quite mild here in Jeju where the conference has been held. And the food and hospitality here have been outstanding.
As usual there were too many good talks to cover them all in any detail, so let me just summarize one per day.
Iwama, Seto, Takai, and Tamaki had a nice result on exact algorithms for 3-SAT, presented the first morning, although I'd already seen Iwama speak about the same result in Dagstuhl. Roughly speaking, there are two main approaches to exact 3-SAT algorithms: backtracking (order the variables and recursively try all settings of the variables) and local search (repeatedly try flipping a variable that will satisfy an unsatisfied clause). The backtracking approach works better when there are many satisfying assignments while the local search approach works better when there are fewer; based on this tradeoff, a previous paper of Iwama and Tamaki had shown how to combine the two approaches by using the same random starting assignment for both of them, achieving a worst-case running time better than either method alone. Separately, Hofmeister et al had shown that a non-uniform random distribution on the starting assignment (one that avoids certain obviously-wrong combinations of variables) can work better for the local search approach than a uniform distribution; but this method didn't work in combination with the backtracking approach. The new paper works by choosing a uniformly random assignment, applying the backtracking algorithm to it, modifying the assignment in a careful way to make its distribution conform to the nonuniform distribution of Hofmeister et al, and applying the local search method to the modified assignment. It achieves a record time of \( O(1.32113^n) \) to solve 3-SAT instances with \( n \) variables.
On the second day, Gu and Tamaki presented a paper on the branchwidth of planar graphs. Branchwidth is like treewidth in many respects, but with the important difference that, for planar graphs, optimal branch-decompositions can be constructed in polynomial time; this makes it advantageous to use for FPT and approximation algorithms, compared to treewidth because one doesn't lose an additional factor by approximating it. It was also known that (again, in planar graphs) branchwidth is between \( g \) and \( cg \), where the largest grid-graph minor has size \( g\times g \), and \( c \) is some constant, previously known to be at most \( 4 \). The value of \( c \) is important because, through this dependence between branchwidth and grid minor size, it shows up in the exponent in the time bounds for FPT algorithms on planar graphs. The new paper shows that \( c\le 3 \); it also shows that \( c \) cannot be reduced below two, by presenting a simple example of a graph with branchwidth twice as large as its grid minor size: a cylindrical grid formed by \( g \) concentric cycles, each of length \( 2g \).
I didn't think I would be able to see John Augustine's talk on the CNN problem, Friday morning, because I was scheduled to be the session chair for the other parallel session. But one of the sets of authors from my session had transportation difficulties that prevented them from getting to the conference, freeing a time slot at the end of the session and allowing me to move to the other one. In the version of the problem considered by Augustine, a point is moving continuously in the (L1-metric) plane under the control of an adversary, and the algorithm most move a second point so that, at all times, the algorithm's point and the adversary's point are on a common horizontal or vertical line. The cost to the algorithm is the L1 distance its point moves, and the quality of an algorithm is its competitive ratio, the ratio between the cost it actually achieves and the optimal cost that it could have achieved if only it knew the adversary's future moves. The difference between Augustine's version of the problem and previously considered versions is that in his problem the adversary's point must move continuously, where previously it was allowed to jump around arbitrarily, but it also generalizes another previously considered special case in which the adversary's point was only allowed to jump along horizontal or vertical lines. Augustine's algorithm alternates between two strategies, one in which it moves like a chess rook, keeping the adversary's point to its left on a horizontal line, and a second in which it moves like a chess bishop, trying to get its point closer to the adversary's point. He shows that his method achieves a competitive ratio of \( 3+2\sqrt{3} \), improving a ratio of \( 9 \) for the more restrictive problem in which the adversary's motion is restricted to horizontal and vertical lines.
My own talks were on regular labelings and flow in one-crossing-minor-free graphs; I also had a paper on finding cliques, presented by my co-author Darren Strash (a student of Mike Goodrich at UCI).
None: Thanks...
David... appreciate the mention. I'd like to also give a quick shoutout to my coauthor Nick Gravin.


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La Chapelle-Basse-Mer este o comună în departamentul Loire-Atlantique, Franța. În 2009 avea o populație de 5,088 de locuitori.

Note

Vezi și
 Lista comunelor din Loire-Atlantique

Comune din Loire-Atlantique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Last week I was invited to lead a Mother's Day Flower Arranging Party for some special clients of MNI, the targeted division of Time Inc. (and a local, Atlanta company), at the Warren City Club. I was invited because MNI wanted to do something special and different to thank their clients. The idea was to give a demonstration showing some technique for floral arranging, provide an example, and then leave the ladies to their own creativity (with my help if needed) and, of course, to socialize. And boy did they do an amazing job?!
Sometimes, with a little creativity, you can turn the simplest things around your house, like a tea cup, into a beautiful flower arrangement for your table. These women not only had a good time, but went home proud of their newly acquired skills and were excited to do it again for their next house party.
Flower arranging parties are a fun and different activity that can easily be integrated into bridal showers, baby showers, birthday parties, bachelorette parties/weekends and even corporate parties. And the best part–we come to you!


text:
Endoscopy Cases & Techniques Library
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Endoscopy 2014; 46(08): 677-679
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: when and by whom?
Michael J. Bourke
1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Horst Neuhaus
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Teaching Hospital of the University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
› Author Affiliations
25 July 2014 (online)
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Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed in Japan more than a decade ago for the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) [1]. The drivers for this remarkable innovation were the heavy burden of disease and the desire to develop a minimally invasive and definitive therapy for the numerous EGCs detected in the screening program. Embracing simple oncological principles, the aim was to realize a technique to achieve reliable en bloc excision of appropriately selected gastric neoplasms with free lateral and deep margins. Although no randomized trial exists or is ever likely to be conducted, in EGC it has steadily become the standard of care throughout large parts of the world, particularly where disease prevalence is high, due to its greater safety, markedly reduced cost, and similar therapeutic outcomes compared with surgery in cases where the risk of lymph node metastasis is low [2] The justifications for the use of ESD for EGC are multifaceted and hard to argue against, particularly as there are no other effective endoscopic therapies and surgery carries a significant risk of peri-operative morbidity and long-term digestive dysfunction.
Subsequently, ESD has been applied to premalignant and superficially invasive neoplasms in other sites including the esophagus, duodenum, and colon. Here the benefits are not so obvious. Its use in early squamous cell cancer of the esophagus is logical, and large experiences have reported favorable results [3]. In the duodenum, the results have been poor: the risk of perforation exceeds 20 % and as the majority of duodenal lesions are noninvasive adenomas, the benefit of en bloc excision is marginal, particularly when weighed against the risk of major and potentially life-altering complications [4]. The most controversial area is the application of ESD in the colon.
In Western countries, EMR is established as the method of choice for curative treatment of sessile and flat colorectal adenomas or laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) > 15 – 20 mm in size. Numerous studies have shown that EMR can be safely, effectively, and efficiently performed after a short learning period [5] [6] [7]. Major adverse events are infrequent, mean procedure time is appproximately 25 minutes, and more than 95 % of patients are discharged on the same day [5]. The main disadvantage of this widely available technique is that lesions with a diameter of > 20 mm can usually only be resected in a piecemeal fashion. This creates the two problems for which EMR is often criticized. First, it complicates histopathological assessment of the resected specimen(s) and complete excision cannot be confirmed by the pathologist. However, for benign noninvasive adenomas this is not a neccessity or requirement. Second, it increases the risk of recurrence at first follow-up due to incomplete resection. Provided scheduled surveillance is adhered to, then from an oncological point of view, neither limitation appears to be relevant in patients with any form of noninvasive lesion, even in long-term follow-up [8].
These limitations can usually be overcome by ESD, which allows en bloc resection of early colorectal neoplasia and is by far superior to EMR if curative resection is considered to be the primary goal of treatment [9]. However, ESD is technically demanding, time consuming, requires multiday post-procedural admission, and causes more complications than EMR. Under consideration of these pros and cons, colorectal ESD has been accepted as the first-line approach only for a selected group of patients in Japan [10]. The criteria include large lesions with well-established predictive factors for early cancer with minor submucosal invasion, such as nongranular LSTs and those classified as Paris type 0-IIc or 0-IIa plus IIc and/or Kudo pit pattern type V.
A recent Japanese multicenter trial of ESD for colorectal neoplasia in 1111 cases demonstrated an en bloc resection rate of 88 % [11]. Histology revealed adenocarcinoma in 19 % of these selected patients. Surgery was recommended in every second case because of adverse histological features associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis, predominantly deep submucosal invasion. Thus, the main oncological advantage of ESD over EMR, curative resection for early cancer, was realized in only 10 % of all patients, those with well-differentiated, superficial submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma without lymphovascular invasion. This limited clinical benefit should be weighed against the technical difficulties and long duration of the procedure (mean 116 minutes), and a perforation rate of 5 % despite being performed in experienced large-volume centers. Long-term follow-up showed a recurrence of only 2 %, which is substantially lower than EMR. This may allow extension of follow-up intervals and reduce re-interventions for removal of residual neoplasia. However, studies of EMR for early colorectal lesions show that the clinical relevance of "recurrences" is low because they are usually related to residual noncancerous neoplasia after piecemeal resection. These lesions can be easily detected and removed at the first follow-up colonoscopy at 4 – 6 months after EMR, and these patients then have a very low risk of relapse at subsequent colonoscopies [8].
In spite of a high number of patients with early colorectal neoplasia in Western countries, so far only two prospective single-center series on ESD have been reported [12] [13]. A large German referral center included 82 patients with large sessile lesions in the rectum (87 %) and the sigmoid (13 %) [12]. The rates of successful ESD, en bloc resection, and R0 resection were 92.7 %, 81.6 %, and 69.7 %, respectively. The R0 resection rate significantly increased and the procedural duration decreased with experience during the study period. Resection was incomplete in 13 of 14 resected cancers, so that additional surgery was recommended. Assuming these cancers would have been identified by piecemeal EMR, only the single patient with curative resection benefitted from ESD. Perforation and bleeding were registered in 1.3 % and 7.9 % of the patients, respectively, and none of these complications required a surgical intervention. During a median period of 2 years, residual neoplasia was registered in 6 of 65 patients. The risk was significantly higher after piecemeal resection compared with en bloc resection (41.7 % vs. 0 %). The high rate of residual neoplasia after failure of en bloc resection may indicate that there is no advantage of ESD over EMR if resection in a single piece cannot be achieved.
An Italian pilot study enrolled 40 patients with LSTs > 3 cm in diameter for ESD [13]. En bloc resection was achieved in 90 % of the cases and failures underwent piecemeal resection. The R0 resection rate was 80 %. Histopathology of the resected specimen showed cancer with submucosal invasion in two cases. R0 resection had failed in both of these cases and surgery was required. Perforation in one case and delayed bleeding in two cases could be managed endoscopically. Only one patient, in whom R0 resection had not been achieved, had residual neoplasia at follow-up endoscopies.
In view of the limited data from Western countries, the French prospective multicenter study presented in this issue of Endoscopy is important because it provides additional information on the pros and cons of ESD for rectal tumors [14]. A total of 45 cases were enrolled in 9 tertiary referral centers. The spectrum of indications was widely selected and included mainly those with no predictive parameters for cancer. Even small lesions with a diameter of 10 – 20 mm met the inclusion criteria, although they are usually amenable to en bloc EMR. The procedures were all performed under general anesthesia by experienced endoscopists who had participated in animal training programs and performed at least 10 human rectal ESD procedures. The inclusion of an external safety and data monitoring board was important, as it was necessary to suspend the study after the first 25 patients due to the high rate of complications, and three centres were closed due to low enrollment. The main aim was to achieve en bloc and curative resection of the neoplastic area by means of ESD. The study protocol allowed the combination of ESD and EMR in cases of "technical inability to continue dissection." ESD alone succeeded in only 24 of the 45 cases, which corresponds to a technical success rate of 53 %. The combined approach of ESD plus EMR in the remaining 21 difficult cases achieved an en bloc resection rate of 24 %. The overall en bloc and R0 resection rates were 64 % and 53 %. Histology revealed cancer in only three cases. Curative resection had been achieved in one of these cases, and the other two patients required surgery. One-third of the patients had major complications, with perforation and bleeding occurring in eight and six cases, respectively. The mean duration of hospitalization in those with perforation was 5 days. Analysis of the learning curve showed that the en bloc resection rate increased from 52 % to 82 %, and the perforation rate decreased from 34 % to 0 % by the end of the study. Long-term outcomes indicated no residual neoplasia in 93 % of the cases at the first follow-up at 3 months. One patient with residual adenoma and high grade dysplasia required surgery. The rate of complete local remission was 88 % at 1 year.
How do these results compare to other studies on colorectal ESD and EMR? Despite a favorable selection of patients, the efficacy and safety of ESD was inferior to previous Western results of ESD [12] [13]. The procedure succeeded in only every second patient. Even in combination with snare resection, the R0 resection rate was limited to 53 %. The learning curve showed that the en bloc resection rate can be increased to 82 % with increasing experience of the individual endoscopists. These results correspond to data from highly specialized European referral centers but are still inferior to Japanese data. Even under the condition that ESD performed by skilled endoscopists achieves en bloc resection, the extent to which patients gain a clinical benefit compared with those in whom piecemeal EMR is performed is not clear. Surgery may become unnecessary in patients with adenocarcinoma stage T1 in whom curative resection is achieved and histology shows a well-differentiated cancer with no infiltration of lymphatic vessels and vertical invasion of the submucosa of < 1000 µm. However, this advantage over piecemeal EMR was only relevant for a single patient in each of the three European trials [12] [13] [14].
The second potential advantage of ESD over EMR is the lower recurrence rate. However, this difference seems to be only significant at the first follow-up examination because of a higher rate of remaining neoplasia after piecemeal EMR. The French trial re-confirms the results of previous studies that the risk is low after ESD, although the one case with remaining adenoma and high grade dysplasia indicates that a short-term follow-up examination is certainly needed. EMR also has this limitation, where recurrence is not uncommon. However, at the second follow-up (e. g. at 18 months after the initial intervention), the majority of patients were in complete remission from colorectal neoplasia [8]. Thus far, it has not yet been shown that ESD is superior to EMR in terms of this important parameter of clinical outcome.
These limited advantages of colorectal ESD over EMR have to be balanced against several major drawbacks. These data show that ESD is more time and resource consuming, more hazardous, and requires multiday hospital admission, even when performed by Japanese experts who have honed their ESD skills on a large volume of EGCs. The main advantage is curative resection in low-risk, early invasive adenocarcinoma, but overall this pathology is rare in Western cohorts and infrequent even in large Japanese series; thus, the vast majority of patients referred with advanced lesions for tertiary endoscopic management will gain no clinical benefit from an upfront ESD strategy, but will be subjected to all of the procedural risks.
From an ethical and clinical point of view, colorectal ESD should be primarily limited to lesions with an increased probability of early submucosal invasion ([Fig. 1]) and selected EMR failures (e. g. due to difficult cases of recurrences). Patients can be centralized to institutions that are specialized in advanced diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy of early neoplasia in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. They have access to a high number of well-selected cases and can provide appropriate training programs for a limited number of endoscopists. Patients should be enrolled in carefully designed studies for further evaluation of the role of colorectal ESD in Western countries.
Fig. 1 30-mm, 0-IIa, nongranular laterally spreading tumor of the mid-rectum. Narrow-band imaging shows loss of the pit pattern centrally (Vi), suggestive of superficial invasive carcinoma. The patient was treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to achieve an en bloc excision. Histology showed a well differentiated 6 × 6 mm focus of invasive adenocarcinoma with superficial submucosal infiltration (150 μm) arising within a severely dysplastic tubular adenoma. This elderly patient opted for no further treatment and it is likely that cure has been achieved by ESD alone in this carefully selected case.
1 Yamamoto H, Kawata H, Sunada K et al. Successful en-bloc resection of large superficial tumors in the stomach and colon using sodium hyaluronate and small-caliber-tip transparent hood. Endoscopy 2003; 35: 690-694
2 Neuhaus H. ESD around the world: Europe. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2014; 24: 295-311
3 Takahashi H, Arimura Y, Masao H et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is superior to conventional endoscopic resection as a curative treatment for early squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72: 255-264
4 Bourke MJ. Endoscopic resection in the duodenum: current limitations and future directions. Endoscopy 2013; 45: 127-132
5 Moss A, Bourke MJ, Williams SJ et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection outcomes and prediction of submucosal cancer from advanced colonic mucosal neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 1907-1918
6 Knabe M, Pohl J, Gerges C et al. Standardized long-term follow-up after endoscopic resection of large, non-pedunculated colorectal lesions: a prospective two-center study. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109: 183-189
7 Tutticci N, Bourke MJ. Advanced endoscopic resection in the colon: recent innovations, current limitations and future directions. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8: 161-177
8 Moss A, Williams SJ, Hourigan L et al. Long term adenoma recurrence following wide field endoscopic mucosal resection (WF-EMR) for advanced colonic mucosal neoplasia is infrequent: results and risk factors in 1000 cases from the Australian Colonic EMR (ACE) study. Gut 2014; In press
9 Cao Y, Liao C, Tan A et al. Meta-analysis of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 2009; 4: 751-757
10 Tanaka S, Terasaki M, Kanao H et al. Current status and future perspectives of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal tumors. Dig Endosc 2012; 24: 73-79
11 Saito Y, Uraoka T, Yamaguchi Y et al. A prospective, multicenter study of 1111 colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissections (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72: 1217-1225
12 Probst A, Golger D, Anthuber M et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection in large sessile lesions of the rectosigmoid: learning curve in a European center. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 660-667
13 Repici A, Hassan C, Pagano N et al. High efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal laterally spreading tumors larger than 3 cm. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77: 96-101
14 Rahmi G, Lepilliez V, Coumaros D et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial rectal tumors: prospective evaluation in France. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 670-676


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Magazine, News 5 years ago
ROAD 39: Škoda II
So, welcome to the second Skoda special of Road Magazine. And we make no bones about re-featuring the Czech Republic VAG manufacturer – as…
Lifestyle, News 6 years ago
Another bike versus car race – this time Ed Clancy against a Skoda Octavia vRS (w/VIDEO)
Yesterday we saw Mark Cavendish speeding down the Isle of Man TT course, while today double-Olympian Ed Clancy tackles stage one of the Tour…
Ads & Commercials, News 6 years ago
Skoda Octavia vRS spawns new 'Man-Pram' parenting acccessory (w/VIDEO)
If there's one thing we've learned from decades of Skoda jokes, it's not to take the brand too seriously. But that creates something of…
Faster, more economical but still great value – the new Skoda Octavia vRS
With 217bhp, the new Skoda Octavia vRS might not be RS 4 quick, but it certainly cements the relationship between Skoda and 'performance'. It's…
ROAD 26: Skoda Special
If ever there was one automotive brand that has re-invented itself successfully, it's Skoda.
Once the butt of jokes like: How do you double the price of a Skoda? Fill up the tank. Why do Skodas have heated rear windscreens? To keep your hands warm while you're pushing it. And the classic: What do you call a Skoda with a sun roof? A skip.
Motor Shows, News 8 years ago
ŠKODA's MissonL marks the beginning of a new model offensive
MissionL sounds like some sort of stealth weapon doesn't it? But in fact it's a new compact 'lift-back' design from ŠKODA which will receive its world premiere at next week's Frankfurt motor show.
Fabia vRS 2000 design concept – A most unlikely Škoda
2011 is the 30th anniversary of the Wörthersee Tour, better known as GTI-Treffen, which is held each year in the beautiful surroundings of Reifnitz, by Lake Wörthersee. And this year, the designers and engineers within VW Audi Group have pulled out all the stops to showcase some stunning one-off specials.
Skoda fabulous!
You might not be a fan of Skoda, but these posters made for the 2011 Rallye Monte Carlo last month will look fabulous in any office, workshop or hallway. More please.


text:
Benzoni Palace
The history of this building is closely intertwined with that of the Benzoni family, who lived here between the 15th and 18th centuries. In spite of the various changes of use over the years the current aspect dates back to work undertaken between the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century. After architectural works to enlarge the building commissioned by Roberto Benzoni, in 1627 it was Giovanni Andrea Benzoni who decided to redecorate and re-design both the interiors and the facade, the latter being adorned with a majestic doorway purchased from the heirs of Francesco Tensini, who had previously commissioned it for his own residential palace. The high relief decoration of the doorway displays a number of decorations and symbols illustrating the life of Federico Tensini, who had distinguished himself as both artillery general and military engineer. Explosive devices, bullets, standards, pincers, crests, trumpets and drums can all be made out.
Following the death of Luigi Benzoni in 1795, the palace passed into the hands of Maurizio and Venceslao Frecavalli, until it was sold in 1832 to house 'The Hospital for the Homeless and Beggars', which remained until 1929. After extensive restoration in 2002, the palace now hosts the town public library. Many examples of the palace's glorious past have been preserved, for example the elegant 16th century facade displaying gabled windows and a decorated wrought iron balcony which sits over the doorway. Of course the impressive grand staircase, which opens out onto the gallery on the first floor cannot be missed. The staircase itself is adorned with statues in stucco, created by Girolamo Aliprandi, which illustrate the virtues of the illustrious household, Charity (Carità), Protection (Custodia), Harmony (Concordia), Economy (Economia), Prudence (Prudenza), Loyalty (Fedeltà ) and Temperance (Temperanza). The gallery at the top of the staircase has wooden doors, over which impressive lintels are decorated with stucco cherubs, vases of flowers, crests, wreaths, spirals, drapes and medallions with the profiles of both men and women. Three parallel rooms open from the south side of the gallery.
The first functions as an alcove, as can be seen from the archway of joyful, stucco cherubs and from the fresco of Diana and Endimione. On the west side of the gallery there are again another three rooms, these being of particular interest as they are decorated with friezes and vaulted ceilings with paintings of 'The Triumphs of Diana and Venere' and 'Spring' (Primavera), by Francesco Maria Bianchi and all framed with Baroque-style, stucco embellishments. It is believed that the painter Giovanni Battista Brunelli resided in the palace in 1682. However, he does not seem to have left any of his own work.
Francesco Tensini (1580-1638), seems to have been quite a character. He was exiled after playing a practical joke upon one of his contemporaries, the Marquis Zurla. In 1595, Tensini sent out invitations to a non-existent performance of Pastor Fido, which was to be held in the Marquis's Palace. Zurla was none too pleased when his home was descended upon by hordes of would-be spectators! Tensini was sent away from his hometown and proceeded to undertake a military career, which resulted in him becoming both an artillery general and a military engineer working for the most important sovereigns of the time in Spain, Flanders, Holland, Bohemia and Bavaria.
In 1620, after the war of Valtellina, he returned to Crema and bought some land in the area of Santa Maria della Croce. In 1624 he published a treaty entitled "La Fortificazione, Guardia, Difesa
et Expugnatione delle Fortezze Esperimentata in Diverse Guerre", which described his experiences in various battles and wars in the protection, defence and taking of fortresses. Even his death appears to be like something from a novel, as in 1638 while he was returning home in his carriage, he was murdered by Giovanni Battista and Vincenzo Balis Crema. (Source – " Proseguimento della Storia di Crema"., L. Canobio, Milano 1849, pg. 166).
Via Civerchi, 9
bibliotecacrema@comune.crema.cr.it
Church of St. Bernardino
Venetian walls
Church of Saint Magdalene and Holy Spirit
Ex Convent of St. Augustine


Senator Todd Young (R-IN), a member of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, introduced legislation (S.J.RES. 31) that would authorize the use of military force against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
Despite the fact that the Constitution vests the authority to declare war with Congress and that the U.S. has been bombing ISIS for two-and-a-half years and has thousands of service members in Iraq and Syria, Congress has failed to pass an authorization for the use of military force against ISIS.
In addition to authorizing the use of all necessary and appropriate force against al-Qaeda, the Taliban, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, successor organizations, and associated forces, Young's legislation would require the Trump administration to submit a comprehensive strategy to Congress for the defeat of ISIS.
Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution clearly states that Congress has the power "to declare war". Yet, two-and-a-half years after the U.S. began bombing ISIS—and with thousands of Americans already on the ground in Iraq and Syria—Congress has failed to exercise this fundamental Constitutional responsibility.
More is at stake than an abstract legal requirement.
As students of history, our founders understood that the decision to go to war represented one of the most grave and serious decisions any government faces. To avoid foolish, hasty, unnecessary, or perpetual wars that tend to accrue debt and erode liberty, the founders wisely divided war powers between the legislative and executive branches of government.
While the founders clearly designated the President to serve as Commander-in-Chief, the founders granted to Congress an impressive list of enumerated powers related to war centering on the power to declare war.
The founders intended—and the Constitution demands—that Congress play a decisive role in the decision to go to war—not act as a rubber stamp or passive observer.
For much of American history, Congress took that Constitutional responsibility seriously. According to the Congressional Research Service, since our nation's founding, Congress has passed 11 separate formal declarations of war against foreign nations and at least 70 other statutory provisions authorizing the use of military forces for various purposes, including engaging in hostilities. Yet, since World War II, Congress has routinely waived its Constitutional duty to assert its explicit war powers. Not surprisingly, Congressional inaction has resulted in a consolidation of war powers in the executive branch that many of our founding fathers would have found concerning and unhealthy for our republic.
There is little doubt that the President has the authority to utilize military force in short-term cases of immediate national emergency, but no reasonable definition of such an instance could or should include the engagement of U.S. military forces in protracted hostilities in foreign countries absent a declaration of war or authorization of Congress.
It is worth noting that the Obama administration urged Congress to pass an AUMF against ISIS but also argued that the 2001 and 2002 AUMFs provided the necessary legal authority for military operations, but it is past time to reassert Congress's proper role in authorizing the use of military force against ISIS, an organization that didn't even exist in 2001.
While these questions regarding the legal foundation for the war against ISIS demonstrate the need for a new AUMF, when one considers the courage and sacrifice of our service members and their families, the case for Congressional action and an AUMF focused on ISIS seems even clearer.
I recognize that members of Congress will have different views on the optimal nature of an AUMF focused on ISIS and that the details for a new AUMF will matter. We should seek to build consensus and make principled compromises where possible, but we should move forward without delay.
An AUMF against ISIS would incentivize greater Congressional scrutiny and oversight of the executive branch's strategy to defeat ISIS, establish greater accountability by Congress to the American people, and prevent a further dangerous erosion in the Congressional war powers that undercuts the ability of the American people to influence our nation's decisions related to war and peace.
That's why today I introduced legislation in the Senate that would authorize the use of military force against ISIS and require the administration to submit to Congress a detailed strategy to defeat the terrorist organization.
I am ready to roll up my sleeves, analyze the Trump administration's new plan, and take tough votes. That is what my constituents expect, the Constitution demands, and our troops deserve.


Smiles Are For A Lifetime!
Dentures or partials are a removable dental appliance meant to take the place of missing teeth.
As we age, we are more susceptible to various dental diseases making us more predisposed to tooth loss. Without regular checkups and proper dental care, the deterioration of your teeth and gums becomes inevitable. Most people think they will never need dentures. The truth is, approximately 20% of the population will need dentures at some point but due to the advancements in dentistry, dentures are not necessarily your destiny. Crowns, veneers and implants that feel and resemble your natural teeth are also and option to maintaining a healthy inviting smile.
There are two types of dentures, a "complete" denture or a "partial" denture. Complete dentures are used when all of the teeth are missing, while a partial denture is used when some of the natural teeth are still remaining. A partial denture not only fills in the spaces created by missing teeth, it prevents other teeth from shifting.
A complete denture may be either "conventional" or "immediate". A conventional type is made after the teeth have been removed and the gum tissue has healed. The complete denture will be delivered in about four to six weeks. An immediate denture is made in advance and is immediately placed in your mouth the same day your extractions are done. There is not an additional appointment for the delivery; however, the denture will need to be relined as the gums and bone have healed.


This beautiful card is a print of a piece of artwork done by an Amma devotee. One of a several, these cards are beautiful ways in which to celebrate your life and the lives of your loved ones while remembering the divine. This specific card depicts the Sri Yantra, and details this mantra: Om shrichakra-raja-nilayayai namah - Salutations to Her who dwells in Shri Chakra, where Shiva and Shakti are united as one body. (#996, Sri Lalita Sahasranama).


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We offer our 8th - 12th grade students a top-notch educational experience as well as meaningful opportunities to create friendships and memories that they will cherish for a lifetime.
DeReKH is an acronym for Dallas Regional Kehilah High. In Hebrew, derech means road or pathway. We hope our program will be inspire our teens to be prepared for whatever road lies ahead of them when they graduate for high school--so that they can participate and stay engaged with Jewish life and learning their entire lives.
new program for dallas teens has started!
Teens from our three synagogues gather weekly to learn, grow and build community together!


At The Gordon we recognise that everyone has the potential to succeed in their studies. We strive to provide quality support to help students achieve their educational goals.
These services are provided free of charge and operate across all campuses.


The Joint Venture Aerospace Company will manufacture and supply various aircraft parts to Boeing, Airbus and other aerospace companies. The manufacturing facilities are expected to be set up in the vicinity of Bole International Airport for purposes of economy of scale and ease of import/export transportation.
At the signing ceremony, Ethiopian Airlines Group CEO, Tewolde Gebre-Mariam, said to the press that pursuant to the Ethiopian government's industrialisation policy, which is embedded in the country's five-year Growth and Transformation Plan, Ethiopian Airlines reached this agreement with the Aerosud Group to establish and develop a labour-intensive aerospace manufacturing industry. "It is my sincere belief that the establishment of these facilities will surely create significant job opportunities for the young, educated workforce and be another face of the industrial park development task that is being carried out in the country," Tewolde said.
Ethiopian Airlines is implementing a 15-year strategic plan called Vision 2025, which will see it become the leading aviation group in Africa. Already the airline commands the bulk of the pan-African passenger and cargo network, operating the youngest and most modern fleet to 93 international destinations across five continents.
In preparation, the management of Ethiopian Airlines is holding talks with officials of the Science and Technology Faculty at Addis Ababa University on the possibility of the university opening an Aeronautical Engineering department that would train young Ethiopians to serve the planned aerospace manufacturing industry.
Ethiopian Airlines also disclosed that in a feasibility study to determine potential areas of manufacturing, it has held rigorous discussions with aircraft manufacturing companies such as Boeing, Bombardier and other aerospace manufacturing companies.


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text:
Boris Johnson's chief Brexit negotiator says Britain will never sign up to EU rules in a blunt warning to Brussels
Adam Payne
UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson.
Frank Augstein - WPA Pool/Getty Images
UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson's chief Brexit negotiator set out the UK's hardline trade position in a speech on Monday.
David Frost warned the European Union that the UK would not sign up to EU rules in any future trade agreement.
He reiterated Johnson's position that Britain would rather not have a trade deal than follow Brussels rules.
"That isn't a simple negotiating position which might move under pressure — it is the point of the whole project," Frost said in a lecture on Monday night.
British and EU negotiators will begin talks over a free trade deal next month.
UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson's chief Brexit negotiator has warned the European Union that Britain will neither follow EU rules nor extend the transition period in a hardline speech setting out the UK government's position on future trade.
David Frost, who is leading the UK government's talks with Brussels, delivered a lecture on Monday evening at the Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, in which he accused EU figures of missing "the point" of Brexit.
He said the UK would not under any circumstances sign up to EU rules in a trade deal with Brussels, and would prefer to trade with the EU without a trade agreement, reiterating the message from Johnson's speech on trade last month.
"It is central to our vision that we must have the ability to set laws that suit us — to claim the right that every other non-EU country in the world has," Frost told the university on Monday.
"So to think that we might accept EU supervision on so-called level playing field issues simply fails to see the point of what we are doing."
"That isn't a simple negotiating position which might move under pressure — it is the point of the whole project," he said.
David Frost.
REUTERS/Francois Lenoir/File Photo
Frost also relayed Johnson's position that the government is prepared to trade with the EU on "Australia-style terms" if Brussels continues to insist on the UK signing up to EU rules, or what is known as a "level playing field."
Australia does not have a free-trade agreement with the EU, and trades largely on World Trade Organization terms. Business leaders have warned that this would create swathes of new border checks and cost billions of pounds.
However, Frost said the UK government was aware of the "trade-offs" involved in this approach to trade with Brussels.
"We are clear that we want the Canada free-trade agreement-type relationship which the EU has so often said is on offer — even if the EU itself now seems to be experiencing some doubts about that unfortunately," Frost said.
"If those doubts persist, we are ready to trade on Australia-style terms if we can't agree a Canada-type FTA."
"We understand the trade-offs involved — people sometimes say we don't but we do — and we will be setting out in written form next week actually how we see the shape of the future relationship in more detail."
He added: "That's also why we will not extend the transition beyond the end of this year. At that point we recover our political and economic independence in full – why would we want to postpone it?"
British and EU negotiators will begin talks on a possible free trade deal next month. Both sides aim to reach some sort of agreement by the end of the year, when the 11-month Brexit transition period comes to an end.
However, several senior EU figures including Phil Hogan, the bloc's head of trade, have expressed doubts that something can be agreed in so short a timetable.
Frost's speech highlighted the gulf between the UK and EU's negotiating positions ahead of talks getting underway.
Raoul Ruparel, a former Brexit adviser in the UK government, tweeted that the speech "should be a clear challenge to those in EU (& UK) who think the Govt will eventually bow to their view of economic rationality."
Jean-Yves Le Drian, France's foreign minister, on Sunday predicted that negotiators would "rip each other party" once talks get underway.
Stewart Hosie, the Scottish National Party's trade spokesperson, said Frost's speech was a "worrying sign" of where Johnson's government was taking the country's relationship with the EU.
"Rather than working to maintain the high standards in place in the EU, the Tories' insistence on diverging on rules risks a race to the bottom in standards that will hit our businesses and vital industries," he said.
"With trade talks set to get underway, the UK government must step back and put the country's interests ahead of the Tories' narrow self-interest."
"The UK government must commit to maintaining the high standards and rule out a devastating No-Deal Brexit."
Our Brexit Insider Facebook group is the best place for up-to-date news and analysis about Britain's departure from the EU, direct from Business Insider's political reporters. Join here.
NOW WATCH: The rise of Boris Johnson, the UK's new controversial prime minister who was fired from multiple jobs
Brexit Insider Brexit Boris Johnson


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Apple adding a new feather to its already coveted cap with iOS 11 (Part 2)
Ketan Chavda
Apple, iOS, iPhone, mobile app
After completing the first edition of Apple reinventing itself with iOS 11, we welcome you to the next edition that concentrates on iPhone. iOS 11 could do wonder with iPhone as it has some intuitive features to make the customer captivate for longer periods of time.
The flag bearer of the mobile OS platform, Apple is once again here with iOS 11 showcasing the newest advancements in the world of mobile technology. At the WWDC conference, Apple laid down the new version of iOS related to iPhone and the features were as amazing as it was for the iPad.
iPhone along with iPad is the most innovative Apple product used by the customers worldwide. Therefore, in order to give the highest possible services, it needs to evolve in a very smarter manner and with iOS 11, it has done just that. It is so capable that it will help the users to have an enriched user experience in a powerful, yet personal manner. From maintaining files, photos to redefining the things that fall under the list of everyday essentials, iOS 11 looks to cover all the basics comprehensively as it gives a shade of the brighter future of the mobile OS technology.
Take a look at everything from close quarters.
Photos getting a new brush up
The live photos just got livelier than ever with iOS 11. The users can now make photos that are more expressive, creative to the core and fun clicking with. It also has three major segments in it namely:
Loops: With loops, you can turn the photo in a funny video loop that would capture the live photo and play it N number of times. Either the user can choose the image themselves or let the photos app suggest you which live photo of yours would be perfect for the loop.
Bounce: Bounce lets the user back and forth their live photo number of times. This will not only make the photo more intriguing but also would be hilarious enough to tickle your funny bone.
Long Exposure: If you want to capture a moment in its very nature, the Long exposure feature would help you do that. The user can capture the elements in the very moment and would create a beautiful ambiance around the picture which is otherwise possible only with a DSLR camera.
New improved Siri
Siri has come a long way since its inception and iOS 11; it has become a more personal assistant. Siri in the newest version has become more helpful with the inclusion of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Siri would be more expressive to its users, understanding their language properly through natural voice recognition.
Along with this, Siri can translate anything the customer says in English into German, Italian, Spanish and French. It can also act like your personal DJ and play the song that you love or are going to love.
Quick Keyword Type
Holding something important and then you realized that you have to type something very urgent that too with one hand. The Quick type keyword with iOS 11 can help you type even if your one hand is tied with your back. You just have to select and hold emojis key to get to get on to one hand typing and the keyboard will move towards your thumb right away.
Map Guidance
Maps are at your service anywhere, rights from guiding you to an adventurous trip to finding you the nearest coffee shop. The indoor maps there would give detailed information about 100s of a major airport and shopping malls around the world. Also, it will give lane guidance so that the user would not miss any turn while he/she is navigating.
Customized Control Center
Apple's iOS 11 lets you customize the control center in order to redesign and change the settings for the things the user wants to use the most. Add or remove things according to your usage and keep the apps that are in use thus avoiding the trash in your smartphone.
Improved App Store
The App Store is redesigned for the users in order to provide them the ease of discovering the utility apps or the gaming apps that they can't live without. You can see the detailed description by the experts and have a dedicated tab for every genre of app. By far it is the biggest improvement in the App Store since it first came into existence.
Apple Pay at your Foray
In iOS 11, Apple has given enough contention to Apple Pay and it brings the convenience of messages to it. The process of sending and receiving money through it has become as simple as making a conversation with your friend. It will allow person to person payment with credit and debit card that are instant secure and easy. You can also pay cash with the touch ID or directly transfer it to your bank account.
Camera in New light
The new professional quality filters will take the camera experience of iPhone to a whole new level. It has expressive portrait photos, natural skin tone and much more. It also comes in with a next-generation compression technology that will reduce the photos to half of their size without deteriorating their quality.
AirPlay 2
AirPlay 2 has various simultaneous functions that will enable the user to control the sound system of the entire house comprehensively. The user can play the song in his/her living room and kitchen at a time without any lag. Adjusting volumes and starting music instantly are like the cherry on the cake.
Making iPhone smarter
Apart from being just a voice, Siri is way more helpful with iOS 11 with iPhone. It anticipates and gives suggestions even before asking with its deep learning quality. Also, it is encrypted end-to-end all the personal information of the user remain secure.
iOS 11 is equally compatible with iPhone 7 and as the features show, it has a brighter future ahead. The new specification will make the OS platform, even more, customer friendly, highly integrated and fairly easy to use.
With in-depth knowledge in International Business Management and Information Technology, he can effectively craft business enhancement strategies and can skillfully untangle technical complexities. This has laid the path for him as the Co-Founder and MD of Prismetric . Writing about the new age technology and sharing his thoughts on the continuously evolving business trends keep him content.
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