text:
\section{The model Hamiltonian}

The colored and flavored quarks are treated as semi-classical particles
interacting via a Cornell potential with color matrices \cite{Isgur:1985bm}.
This interaction provides an effective description of the
non-perturbative, soft gluonic part of QCD. The
Hamiltonian reads
\[
{\mathcal{H}} = \sum_{i=1}^N\sqrt{p_i^2+m_i^2}+\frac{1}{2}\sum_{i,j}C_{ij}V(\left\vert\mathbf{r}_i-\mathbf{r}_j\right\vert)
\]
where $N$ is the number of quarks.
Four quark flavors ($u,d,s,c$) with current masses
$m_u=m_d=10$~MeV, $m_s=150$~MeV and $m_c=1.5$~MeV
are considered. The confining properties of $V(r)$ are ensured
by a linear increase at large distances~$r$. At short distances,
the strong coupling constant
$\alpha_s$ becomes small, yielding a Coulomb-type behavior as in QED.
This color Coulomb potential plus the confining part is
the well known Cornell-potential \cite{EICH75}
\[
V(r) = -\frac{3}{4}\frac{\alpha_s}{r}+\kappa\,r\;,
\]
which has successfully been applied to meson spectroscopy.
For infinite quark masses this inter-quark potential
has also been found in lattice calculations over a wide
range of quark distances \cite{BORN94}.
For small quark masses, retardation and
chromomagnetic effects should be included.
This is neglected in the present work. However, the linear
behavior at large distances seems to be supported by the success of
the string model even for zero quark masses
\cite{ANDER83}.

The color matrix elements $C_{ij}$ regulate the sign and
relative strength of the interaction between two quarks/antiquarks,
respectively, depending on the color combination of the pair.
The matrix $C_{ij}$ in the short range color
interaction potential between quarks,
$V_{\rm color} = - C_{ij}\frac{3}{4}\frac{\alpha}{r}$,
can be calculated from the quark-gluon interaction part of the
QCD Lagrangian
\[
\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{int} =
\frac{g}{2}\,\bar{\Psi}\lambda_a\gamma_\mu\Psi G^\mu_a\;
\]
on the one-gluon exchange level represented by the Feynman diagram

\centerline{\epsfig{figure=bilder/feynman,width=5cm,clip}}

Using the standard fundamental representation of $SU(3)_{\rm color}$ for the
quarks and the adjoint representation for the gluons,

\[
\vec{q}_R = \left(\begin{array}{c}
1\\ 0\\ 0
\end{array}\right),\quad
\vec{q}_G = \left(\begin{array}{c}
0\\ 1\\ 0
\end{array}\right),\quad
\vec{q}_B = \left(\begin{array}{c}
0\\ 0\\ 1
\end{array}\right),\quad
\]
\[
T^a = \frac{1}{2}\lambda^a,\quad a=1,\dots,8
\]
where $\lambda_a$ are the Gell-Mann matrices, and separating
the quark wave function in the color and Dirac parts,
\[
\Psi_\alpha = \psi\,\vec{q}_\alpha
\]
the interaction amplitude
\[
\mathcal{M}_{\alpha\alpha^\prime\beta\beta^\prime}
\sim
\frac{g^2}{4}
\bar\Psi_{\alpha^\prime}\gamma_\mu\lambda^a\Psi_\alpha\,
\mathcal{D}^{\mu\nu}_{ab}(q)\,
\bar\Psi_{\beta^\prime}\gamma_\nu\lambda^b\Psi_\beta
\]
separates in color and Dirac parts ($\mathcal{D}^{\mu\nu}_{ab}(q) = D^{\mu\nu}(q)\delta_{ab}$
is the gluon propagator):
\[
\mathcal{M}_{\alpha\alpha^\prime\beta\beta^\prime}
\sim
\bar\psi_1\gamma_\mu\psi_1D^{\mu\nu}(q)\psi_2\gamma_\nu\psi_2\,
\vec{q}_{\alpha^\prime}^{\;\dagger}\lambda^a\vec{q}_{\alpha}\delta_{ab}\vec{q}_{\beta^\prime}^{\;\dagger}\lambda^b\vec{q}_{\beta}\;.
\]
Here, $\alpha$ and $\beta$ represent the color charges of the
incoming quarks, $\alpha^\prime$ and $\beta^\prime$ of the
outgoing quarks. Collecting the color parts in a color factor
\[
C^{\rm c}_{\alpha\alpha^\prime\beta\beta^\prime} =
\frac{3}{4}\sum_{a=1}^8\vec{q}_{\alpha^\prime}^{\;\dagger}\lambda^a\vec{q}_\alpha\,\vec{q}_{\beta^\prime}^{\;\dagger}\lambda^a\vec{q}_\beta
=
\frac{3}{4}\sum_{a=1}^8(\lambda^a)_{\alpha\alpha^\prime}\,(\lambda^a)_{\beta\beta^\prime}\;,
\]
one can calculate the net amplitude by summing over all possible
combinations of in- and outgoing colors.
As there is evidence from lattice calculations that there is
no color transport over distances larger than
$\lambda\approx 0.2\ldots 0.3\,\mathrm{fm}$, only the
commutating diagonal Gell-Mann matrices $\lambda_3$ and $\lambda_8$
from the Cartan subalgebra of $SU(3)_{\rm color}$
contribute over larger distances. In this Abelian approximation
the total color matrix for quark-quark interactions then is given by
\[
C^{\rm c}_{\alpha\beta}
= \frac{3}{4}\sum_{a=3,8}(\lambda^a)_{\alpha\alpha}(\lambda^a)_{\beta\beta}
= \vec{w}_{\alpha}^{\sf T}\vec{w}_{\beta}\;,
\]
where
\[
\vec{w}_{\alpha} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(\begin{array}{c}
(\lambda^3)_{\alpha\alpha}\\ (\lambda^8)_{\alpha\alpha}\\
\end{array}\right),\quad \alpha =  1,2,3\;(R, G, B)
\]
are the normalized weight vectors corresponding to the three quark colors
in $(\lambda^3,\lambda^8)$ space.
Imposing a factor $-1$ at each antiquark vertex in color space
yields the color matrix elements for the different color combinations
as collected in table \ref{tab1}. They can easily be read off as the
scalar products of the weight vectors corresponding to the three colors or
anticolors, respectively. Positive values indicate attractive, negative
repulsive interactions.

\Table{Color matrix elements of the 36 different
 elementary color combinations of the quarks. The matrix
elements can be obtained from the scalar products of the
corresponding weight vectors}

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\renewcommand{\arraycolsep}{5mm}
\begin{tabular}{l|cccccc}
\br
$C_{\rm c}^{\alpha\beta}$&$R$&$G$&$B$&$\overline{B}$&$\overline{G}$&$\overline{R}$\\
\hline
R&$-1$&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$+1$\\
G&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$-1$&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$+1$&$-\frac{1}{2}$\\
B&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$-1$&$+1$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$-\frac{1}{2}$\\
$\overline{\mathrm{B}}$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$+1$&$-1$&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$+\frac{1}{2}$\\
$\overline{\mathrm{G}}$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$+1$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$-1$&$+\frac{1}{2}$\\
$\overline{\mathrm{R}}$&$+1$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$-\frac{1}{2}$&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$+\frac{1}{2}$&$-1$\\
\br
\end{tabular}
\parbox{4.5cm}{\hfill\epsfig{figure=bilder/root,width=4cm}}
\label{tab1}
\endTable

Note that the relative strength of the color matrix elements
is rigorously enforced by  the requirement
of color neutrality of widely separated $q\overline{q}$ and $qqq$
states.

The properties of the interacting quark gas turn out to be
independent from the selection of the shape of the potential
at small distances, as far as the long distance term is defined properly.
Therefore, we shall extend the linear potential to small
distances $r$ instead of using the color Coulomb potential
at small $r$, which brings us in accordance to widely used
phenomenological models for hadrons \cite{Regge:1959mz,Gribov:1968fc}.

Regge trajectories yield values of $\kappa_0\approx 1.1\,{\rm GeV/fm}$,
while in the string model the string constant is found
at $\kappa_0\approx 0.9\,{\rm GeV/fm}$.
However, these values were fitted to the properties of isolated
strings \cite{Sai91}. In a dense medium, quarks interact
with all other color charges. This prohibits the confinement
of the field lines into one single flux tube -- deconfinement is the
consequence.
Thus, free string constants $\kappa_0$ are not appropriate
to calculate the properties of quark matter
at high temperatures and densities as expected in heavy-ion
collisions \cite{BIRO84}.
In-medium effects, e.~g.\ interacting color fields, yield
an effective increase of the string tension (Casimir scaling) \cite{Fab98}.
In the present model $\kappa$ effectively describes
these in-medium effects. It will be treated as a free parameter of the
model and should  not be identified with the zero temperature value
of free strings.

Obviously, a sufficiently high density of color charge carriers
will lead to the screening of the the color interaction in the
dense medium, and thus color deconfinement results, even in
the simple semi-classical toy model presented here. We will discuss
this below.

On the other hand, in a less dense and cooler system, all
quarks will condense into clusters of two or three (anti-)particles
with a total color charge in each cluster of zero.
Note that higher quark numbers may also form  totally
color neutral states which appear to be bound.
However, further propagation causes a separation
into smaller likewise color neutral subclusters.
Therefore, we ultimately obtain bound states which correspond to
mesons or baryons.

\section{Hadronization}

It is now the second request to the model to define a criterion how to
map those bound quark states to hadrons. Such a mechanism
is essential as the Hamiltonian is not tuned to describe bound and
truly confined hadron states. Attempts have been made \cite{Bonasera:1999py}
to do so in a Vlasov approach.
Here, we use the straight-forward requirement that the
total color interaction from a pair
(or a three particle state) of quarks with the remaining system
vanishes .
Then, these $q\overline{q}$- and $qqq$-states do no longer
contribute to the color interaction of the quark gas (see figure \ref{hadro}).
In the present model, this criterion of confinement -- which in a
numerical simulation of course  would never be fulfilled exactly -- has been
softened by introducing a lower bound for the remaining interaction $\kappa_\mathrm{min}$ between the cluster and the residual quark matter
beyond which the cluster is declared to be frozen out \cite{Crawford:1982yz}.
It is convenient to measure $\kappa_\mathrm{min}$ in units of the natural
scale of the model, $\kappa$.
\[
\left|\mathbf{F}_{\rm cluster}\right| = \left|\frac{1}{N_{\rm cluster}}\sum_{i\in{\rm
cluster}}\mathbf{F}_i\right| <\kappa_\mathrm{min} = F_{\rm cut}\cdot\kappa\;.
\]
Here,
 \[
\mathbf{F}_i = \sum_j\mathbf{F}_{ij} = -\sum_jC_{ij}\mathbf{\nabla}_jV(\left\vert\mathbf{r}_i-\mathbf{r}_j\right\vert)
\]
gives the total force of the system acting on particle $i$.

If a bound quark state fulfills the hadronization criterion it will
be mapped to an appropriate hadronic state with identical quantum
numbers. Spin and isospin of the hadron is randomly chosen according
to the probabilities given by the Clebsch-Gordon coefficients.

The mass of the produced hadron is determined by energy
and momentum conservation. The total energy of the multi-quark state is
given by the expression
\[
E_\mathrm{H} =
\sum_{i\in\mathrm{cluster}}\biggl( E_i+\frac{1}{2}\sum_{{j\in\mathrm{cluster}\atop j\not= i}}C_{ij}V(\left\vert\mathbf{r}_i-\mathbf{r}_j\right\vert)\biggl)+\delta E\;.
\]
where $\delta E$ represents the residual energy which was set free due
to the field cut-off in the hadronization process and is of the order
$\delta E/E\lesssim 10^{-2}$. The momentum of the
hadron reads
\[
\mathbf{P}_\mathrm{H} = \sum_{i\in\mathrm{cluster}}\,\mathbf{p}_i
\]
which yields a hadron mass of
\[
M_\mathrm{H} = \sqrt{E_\mathrm{H}^2 - \mathbf{P}_\mathrm{H}^2}\;.
\]
Usually the obtained hadron masses will hardly fit to the tabulated
pole masses
of the known hadrons. Therefore, the quark clusters will preferably be
mapped to resonances with a broad mass distribution instead of sharply
peaked ground states. In case of multiple possible selections for
given quantum numbers we pick one randomly according to mass
distributions which are given by Breit-Wigner distributions
\[
f(M)\sim\frac{\Gamma^2}{(M-m_0)^2+(\Gamma/2)^2}\;.
\]
Here, $m_0$ and $\Gamma$ denote the peak mass and the total decay
width of the particle, respectively. To low masses, the distribution
is cut-off at a minimal mass to ensure hadronic decay according to the
experimentally known branching ratios.
In the current version the model discriminates 29 mesonic and 36
baryonic states.

\section{Thermodynamic properties of the interacting quarks gas}

In the present work, the properties of
the interacting quark gas, i.\ e.\ of hot quark matter,
are studied in complete thermal equilibrium.
The system of interacting quarks is \emph{not}
an ideal gas, but rather a strongly coupled quark fluid.
Therefore, the integration of the partition function
cannot be carried out analytically.
By adopting the Metropolis algorithm \cite{Met53},
an arbitrary number $N_{\rm rep}$ of
$N$-particle phase space configurations
can be generated. The latter configurations
are representations of the equilibrium state of the system.
These representations are evaluated by imposing an initial
configuration $(\mathbf{x}_i^{(0)},\mathbf{p}_i^{(0)})\;(i=1..N)$ and then
repeatedly joggling all coordinates and momenta
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathbf{x}_k^{(r)}\;&\to\;\mathbf{x}_k^{(r+1)} = \mathbf{x}_k^{(r)}+\delta\mathbf{x}_k^{(r)}\;,\nonumber\\
\mathbf{p}_k^{(r)}\;&\to\;\mathbf{p}_k^{(r+1)} = \mathbf{p}_k^{(r)}+\delta\mathbf{p}_k^{(r)}\;.\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
In each iteration, each displacement
$(\delta\mathbf{x}_k^{(r)},\delta\mathbf{p}_k^{(r)})$ in phase space will cause a
change in total energy of the system
\[
\Delta E = E^{(r+1)}-E^{(r)}\;.
\]
According to the standard Metropolis algorithm,
if $\Delta E<0$, the new configuration is energetically more favorable
than the old one and will be accepted.
If, on the other hand, $\Delta E$ is positive, the new configuration
will be accepted with a probability $\exp(-\Delta E/T)$. This
allows for a statistical increase of the free energy of the system
driven by the ``temperature'' $T$. After a sufficient number of
iterations the system will enter a stationary state, where further
iteration will account for a thermal motion of the sample around
the ground state. All configurations can
then be identified as representations of the thermalized state.

Now, the ensemble average of any
thermodynamical variable $O$ can be approximated by the sum over
those representations
\[
\langle O \rangle = \frac{1}{N_{\rm rep}}\sum_{k=1}^{N_{\rm
rep}}O(\mathbf{x}_i^{(k)},\mathbf{p}_i^{(k)})\;,\quad i=1\ldots N\;.
\]
This enables us to calculate the energy density
\[
\epsilon = \frac{1}{V}\langle {\cal H} \rangle
\]
and -- by using the virial theorem --  the pressure of the interacting
quark gas
\[
P = \frac{1}{3V}\left\langle\sum_i\mathbf{p}_i\mathbf{v}_i+\sum_i\mathbf{r}_i\mathbf{\nabla}_iV\right\rangle\;.
\]
Here $\mathbf{v}_i = \mathbf{p}_i/E_i$ is the velocity of particle $i$.

In addition to the description of the quark phase we have to cope with
the hadronic sector. The produced hadrons are evaporated into the void.
The hadron pressure and temperature are assumed to be equal to
the quark phase.

We will now assume a system of  $N$ quarks in a finite sphere of
volume $V$ with all color charges adding up to zero.
This system is thermalized at a temperature $T$ according to the
previously discussed Metropolis method. A spherical system with a
radius of 4 fm contains about 400 quarks and antiquarks at a temperature
of 150 MeV.
If during the equilibration
process quarks form clusters that fulfill the above hadronization
criterion they are converted to color neutral hadrons which do no
longer interact due to color forces.

\subsection{Mixed phase and the equation of state}

The first important observable is the number of quarks which
are hadronized from a given thermodynamic sample. For high
temperatures this quantity should converge to zero, while at $T\to 0$
all quarks should be hadronized due to confinement. The fraction $\xi =
N_\mathrm{h}/(N_\mathrm{h}+N_\mathrm{q})$ of hadrons
compared to the total particle number in the system therefore should
be $1$ in this limit.
Figure \ref{xi_scale} depicts this hadron fraction $\xi$ as a function of
the temperature ($\mu=0$) measured in units of the ``critical
temperature'' $T_\mathrm{C}$, where the latter is defined as the temperature of
the steepest descent for each set of parameters $(\kappa,F_\mathrm{cut})$.
A rapid fall-off within $0.2\,T_\mathrm{C}$ from a hadron to a quark dominated
phase can be observed indicating the existence of a mixed phase during
the transition. In  case of a true  first order
phase transition in an infinite volume a sharp discontinuity of this quantity
would be expected at $T_{\rm C}$ \cite{SPIELES97a}.

A similar continuous transition can be observed in the
energy dependence of the quark phase as plotted in figure
\ref{3inf}. Here, the energy density $\epsilon$ and the pressure $p$
are  divided by $T^4$ and are given for various values of $\kappa$ and
$F_{\rm cut}$ as discussed above. The pressure has been multiplied by
a factor of $3$. Lattice calculations reveal a similar transition,
slightly smoothed for energy density and  pressure.
\cite{Kar95}. However, our microscopic finite size simulation exhibits
an even broader crossover. It is worth to note that the absolute values
of lattice calculations for very high temperatures may not be compared
to our results as we neglect the contributions of hard gluons.

A functional form of thermodynamic quantities similar to one found here
has been parameterized \cite{Ris96b,Asa97} in order to model the {\em assumed}
smooth crossover transition  and to  study the  physical consequences.
In accordance to those investigations our microscopic model also reveals a
minimum of the equation of state in the phase transition
region (see figure \ref{eos}). However, compared to the case of
infinite matter this dip is less pronounced.

The plots in fig.\ \ref{xi_scale} and \ref{3inf} both reveal a perfect
scaling behavior for  $F_\mathrm{cut}\lesssim 0.01$.
This imposes a natural range for the seemingly
completely arbitrary parameter $F_\mathrm{cut}$ which could a priori
not be connected to any physical observable.

Despite the conformity in shape, the absolute scale of
$T_\mathrm{C}$ is strongly affected by the particular choice of these
parameters. A reduction of $F_{\rm cut}$ to zero will ultimately
shift $T_{\rm C}\to 0$, since hadronization is completely suppressed
in this limit. On the other hand, an increase  of the string tension,
$\kappa$, gives rise to an increasing critical temperature $T_{\rm C}$,
revealing a scaling dependence of the form
$T_{\rm C}\sim \sqrt{F_{\rm cut}\cdot\kappa}$.
This can be directly understood from the hadronization mechanism:
If any colorless quark cluster ($q\overline{q}$, $qqq$ or,
in principle, any multi-quark state) separates from the remaining quarks,
we shall always obtain a finite remaining color field between
the two quark samples whose strength $\kappa$ is reduced (screened)
compared to the vacuum value.
The quark clusters are now assumed to separate sufficiently slowly so
that the mediating color field lines can be considered to confine
to an equilibrated flux tube which approximately fulfills the
presumptions of a cylindrical MIT bag. In the bag model the field strength
$\kappa$ is connected to the bag constant $B$ according to
$\kappa \sim \sqrt{B}$ \cite{Sai91}. On the other hand,
the bag pressure for an ideal quark-gluon gas raises as $B\sim T_{\rm C}^4$.
-- therefore one immediately obtains $T_C\sim\sqrt{\kappa}$.
In our model, the separating cluster is declared a ``hadron''
if the remaining force drops below the cut-off $F_{\rm cut}\cdot\kappa$.
Applying the flux tube picture as derived form the MIT bag model
then yields the previously found dependency for the critical
temperature $T_{\rm C}\sim \sqrt{F_{\rm cut}\cdot\kappa}$.

While the lattice results predict a critical temperature
of $T_{\rm C}\approx 150\,{\rm MeV}$ \cite{Kar95}, the natural choices
$\kappa=\kappa_0\approx 1\,{\rm GeV/fm}$ and
$F_{\rm cut}=0.01$ give a much lower value $T_{\rm C}\approx 90\,{\rm MeV}$.
As the value for $F_{\rm cut}$ is at the upper bound
of the scaling domain, the critical temperature may only
be enhanced by increasing the field strength $\kappa>\kappa_0$.
The impact of a variation
of $\kappa$ on the thermodynamical properties
is visualized in figure \ref{mu}.
In this plot, we further extend the investigations
to finite $\mu$ and calculate the phase diagram for
various $\kappa$. First attempts to apply
lattice QCD to finite densities \cite{Eng99} seem to support our
findings. It is obvious that for high $\kappa$ the curvature
of the lines appears smaller as compared to the curves
usually extracted from the MIT bag model.
To approach the lattice results of $T_\mathrm{C} \approx 140$ MeV
for $\mu\to 0$, values $\kappa\gtrsim 2 \kappa_0$ are required.
For $T\to 0$ the chemical potential than is about $350\, \mathrm{MeV}$
so that normal nuclear matter ($\mu \approx 300$ MeV)
is safely within the hadronic region. This is in perfect
agreement with the above discussion and reflects
the finite density character of the quark phase.

The high value found for $\kappa$ should not come as a surprise:
As discussed before, because of in-medium effects an increased string
constant (compared to the free value) should be expected.

However, this high value of $\kappa$ contradicts to the two-particle limit
(one quark and one antiquark). The model then turns into the common
string model which determines the color field strength to $\kappa = \kappa_0$.
In principle, this suggests the introduction of
a density and temperature dependence of the string
constant. A  more qualitative view on the properties of the
interacting quark gas shall be provided.
However, it should be noted that the hadronization of the QGP is
mainly based on quark rearrangements within the blob compared to string
fragmentation on the surface of the plasma. This also supports the
assumption of particle number conservation in the hadronization process.
Hence, we fix the string constant to a medium value of $\kappa=2\kappa_0$.

The hadronization of the thermalized quark system yields hadron ratios
which can be compared at mid-rapidity to those measured in CERN-SPS
experiments (see compilation in \cite{BrMun96}). Fig.~\ref{ratios} shows
the comparison to the outcome in a S+Au collision, assuming a
thermal fireball as hadron source.
We find a very good agreement in all $MM$, $MB$ and $BB$ ratios, while
the antibaryons seem to be clearly under-predicted.
Particle ratios, however, proved not to be a very sensitive observable
to test the quality of theoretical models. Fits of a pure hadron gas
\cite{BrMun96} proved to describe data with a comparable precision as
other thermal or hydrodynamical approaches including a QGP phase
transition or several microscopic simulations as UrQMD \cite{Bass:1997xw}.
However, the analysis of event-by-event fluctuations \cite{Bleicher:1998wu}
and of the dynamical properties of the system may yield new insight.

\subsection{Dissociation of a quark blob}

All results from the last paragraph presume complete equilibration of a
finite canonical ensemble which is defined by  all possible
microscopic representations at a time. One particular representation
will always contain
fluctuations which may cause the properties of the single
representation to deviate strongly from the collective behavior
\cite{Ble98}. This effect is emphasized in  figure \ref{forces} where
the average radial force
\[
F_\mathrm{rad}(r) = \left\langle\sum_i\mathbf{F}_i\,\hat{\mathbf{r}}_i\right\rangle
\]
acting on a quark at a distance $r$ from the origin of a
spherical thermalized quark blob ($R=4\, \mathrm{fm}$,
$T=200\, \mathrm{MeV}$, $\mu=100\, \mathrm{MeV}$) is plotted.
In the ensemble average the quarks in the center of the quark matter
do not feel any net interaction: color is screened.
A net interaction within approximately $1 \mathrm{fm}$ from the surface
traps the color charges confined within the blob.
Moreover, this result is \emph{independent} of the
particular shape of the interaction potential as long as it fulfills
the symmetry requirements concerning the color charges as given in
table \ref{tab1}. Then, within the center of the quark phase all
contributions from the potential cancel exactly to zero if the spatial
distribution is sufficiently  homogeneous.
However, this statement holds only for a large number of quark
samples. In one single microscopic representation one can find large
fluctuations of the net color force on each quark. This is
pointed out in figure \ref{flucts}, where the distribution function of
the radial color forces $\mathbf{F}_i\,\hat{\mathbf{r}}_i$ acting on quarks
\emph{in the center} of the blob is plotted. We obtain an almost
perfect Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation
$\sigma=0.5\kappa$ indicating huge fluctuations. Therefore strong
inhomogeneities in one single event are to be expected.
Hence, the microscopic system will not behave like an ideal
quark gas. Due to the color interactions we do not expect that
the quark system does expand hydrodynamically, smoothly reducing
temperature and density. Instead, these results indicate that
during the expansion the quark phase will rupture, and hadrons will
condense both from its surface as well as from its interior.

\section{Conclusion}

We have presented a microscopic description of the deconfinement
phase transition by means of a semiclassical interacting quark gas
supplemented with a dynamical hadronization criterion.
The color interaction potential has been motivated from phenomenological QCD
in the abelian approximation. A smooth crossover was found,
comparable to recent lattice results. The phase diagram
for finite $\mu$ has been calculated. Particle ratios have been compared
to experimental results yielding a reasonable agreement.
An event-by-event analysis revealed strong fluctuations which
initially drive the dissociation process.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This work is supported by  GSI, BMBF, DFG, Graduiertenkolleg
Theoretische und Experimentelle Schwerionenphysik, and
the Josef Buchmann Foundation.

\section*{References}

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As a consumer you can oppose Israel's violations by taking part in a boycott of Israeli companies, goods and services or of international companies involved in Israeli policies violating Palestinian human rights and international law.
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text:
February 5, 2019 by Gary Price
Center for Open Science (COS) Receives Investment by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) to Improve Assessment Of Research Credibility
From COS:
The Center for Open Science (COS) has been selected to participate in DARPA's new program Systematizing Confidence in Open Research and Evidence (SCORE) with a 3-year cooperative agreement potentially totaling more than $7.6 million. This program represents an investment by DARPA to assess and improve the credibility of social and behavioral science research.
DARPA identifies the purpose of SCORE is "to develop and deploy automated tools to assign 'confidence scores' to different SBS research results and claims. Confidence scores are quantitative measures that should enable a DoD consumer of SBS research to understand the degree to which a particular claim or result is likely to be reproducible or replicable." If successful, consumers of scientific evidence–researchers, funders, policymakers, etc.–would have readily available information about the uncertainty associated with that evidence.
To achieve this aspirational objective, the SCORE program will produce four primary artifacts:
A massive database of approximately 30,000 claims from published papers in the social-behavioral sciences. The database will be enhanced with evidence about those claims that is automatically and manually extracted from the paper itself and merged into the database from other sources, such as how often the work has been cited and whether the data are openly accessible or the research was preregistered.
Experts will review and score about 3,000 of those claims in surveys, panels, or prediction markets for their likelihood of being reproducible findings.
Teams will use the database of information about the claims to generate algorithms (artificial intelligence) to score the same claims as the experts.
Hundreds of researchers will conduct replications on a sample of the claims to test the experts' and algorithms' ability to predict reproducibility.
The COS team, in collaboration with partners from the University of Pennsylvania and Syracuse University, is responsible for creating the database. Other teams will recruit experts and create the algorithms to evaluate the claims. And, COS will coordinate a massive collaboration of researchers from every area of the social and behavioral sciences to conduct replication and reproducibility studies.
"DARPA's investment signals the onset of the next phase of the reformation that is underway in the social and behavioral sciences," said Brian Nosek, Executive Director of COS and Principal Investigator of the COS team. "For the last eight years, the research community has been scrutinizing the reproducibility of its findings and the quality of its research practices. Now, that learning is being translated into opportunities to improve research practices to accelerate the pace of discovery."
Coordination of such a large-scale collaboration will be aided by the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/) an open-source collaborative management tool that facilitates rigorous, reproducible research that is maintained by COS. "OSF is essential for us to be able to manage such a complex program with so many contributors, projects, and associated data," noted Beatrix Arendt, Program Manager at COS. "We are committed to transparency of process and outcomes so that we are accountable to the research community to do the best job that we can, and so that all of our work can be scrutinized and reproduced for future research that will build on this work."
Researchers interested in potentially joining this program to conduct replication or reproduction studies are encouraged to review the Call for Collaborators.
Direct to Complete Announcement
Filed under: Data Files, Journal Articles, Management and Leadership, News, Open Access, Reports


Enjoy the Traffic literary totes bring the imaginative words of the fictional private detective Sherlock Holmes closer to you. Now you can showcase your great taste for classic literature by wearing your favorite quote from the British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. This structured, water proof, canvas tote fits the essentials and includes a roomy interior zipped pocket so you do not have to dig for your cellphone and keys. Enjoy the Traffic uses a eco friendly sublimation process to print its original illustrations on the fabric that latter will be sew by skillful seamstress into this one of a kind tote. Listing Includes: >1 Sherlock Holmes Literary Tote ------------------------------------------ Product Information: >Product Material: sturdy canvas >Product Color: multi >Approximate Product Dimensions: Length: 40 cm /16 in Width : 37 cm / 14 in Handle: 50 cm / 20 in ------------------------------------------ Processing Time: This product is ready to ship Fair Trade. Original artwork by Enjoy the Traffic. All applicable rights reserved.
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text:
Last edited by Samukasa
1 edition of Borough of Ballymoney official guide found in the catalog.
Published by Bridgewater Publications in [s.l] .
Statement issued by authority of Ballymoney Borough Council.
Contributions Ballymoney (Northern Ireland). Borough Council.
Pagination 48p. :
This is a yamaha yz that is in perfect condition,race or ride ready! It is all fresh with about miles break it time in the yard. "All" bearings in the engine are new with seals,has new top end,crank was checked it was in excellent shape,All frame bearings w/seals are new, chain and sprockets, with all new guide buffers, rear shock was rebuilt by race-tech(have paper work) front. What is parkrun? parkruns are free, weekly, community events all around the world. Saturday morning events are 5k and take place in parks and open spaces. On Sunday mornings, there are 2k junior parkruns for children aged four to parkrun is a positive, welcoming and inclusive experience where there is no time limit and no one finishes last.
Willie Drennan Profile/CV Willie Drennan is a traditional musician, storyteller, poet and writer, who draws much of his material from the Ulster Scots cultural traditions of his native County Antrim. He also travelled and worked extensively in Europe and North America, between and His most recent achievements are. Full text of "Bradshaw's Railway Manual, Shareholder's Guide, and Official Directory" See other formats.
Welcome to Building Control Northern Ireland's website. We are committed to protecting people & the environment by providing high quality customer focused services that ensure building projects comply with building regulations. The Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 15 June in the United .
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Borough of Ballymoney official guide Download PDF EPUB FB2
The Town Hall was now fortunate to have a magnificent stage in the main hall, which the local town guide book was later to describe as "perhaps the best small theatre in the Province". This became the venue for the still popular Ballymoney Drama Festival which was launched within a fortnight of the Town Hall's official re-opening.
The urban districts and rural districts of Northern Ireland had their origin inwhen the Local Government (Ireland) Act came into effect. They were based on the system of district councils introduced in England and Wales four years earlier.
With the creation of Northern Ireland init received six of Ireland's thirty-three administrative counties, each subdivided into a number. Book of Condolences opened in Coleraine Town Hall to remember Harry Gregg OBE.
Press Releases Wed, Febru The Mayor of Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council has opened a Borough of Ballymoney official guide book of Condolences in Coleraine Town Hall in memory of football legend Harry Gregg OBE. Diocesan census: Aghoghill parish; also Representative Church Body Library and National Library of Ireland (Ms ) NA M(1).
NAI [Unpublished] Diocesan census: Ahoghill, Ballintoy, Ballymoney and Ballynure [Unpublished] Diocesan census: Ballintoy parish.
Also Genealogical Office (GO ) and National Library of Ireland (Ms. Belfast (/ ˈ b ɛ l f ɑː s t / BEL-fahst; from Irish: Béal Feirste, meaning "mouth of the sand-bank ford", Irish pronunciation: [bʲeːlˠ ˈfʲɛɾˠ(ə)ʃtʲə]) is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast of Northern is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom and the second-largest on the island of ct: City of Belfast.
The book is available now from Planning Online by mail order. Published May ; A4 limpback format; To order email [email protected] ring The Planning Online database has been updated with new applications and decisions up to 16 February 04/02/ our website was down this morning for several hours owing to a.
Welcome to Ashford Borough Council's website. Please be aware that the Civic Centre is now currently closed. We ask that you now contact us by emailing @ or, alternatively, via our social media channels or by calling For the latest information on Coronavirus and how our services are being delivered in different ways or if you need additional help or.
Information for residents about Mid Ulster District Council services including bins and recycling, business, leisure, events and tourism. Derry, officially Londonderry (/ ˈ l ʌ n d ən d ɛr i /), is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-largest city on the island of Ireland.
The name Derry is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name Daire (modern Irish: Doire [ˈd̪ˠɛɾʲə]) meaning "oak grove". Inthe city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and gained the "London" prefix to reflect the Country: Northern Ireland.
Bassett, George Henry. – County Antrim years ago: a guide and directory – Belfast: Friar's Bush, Book of Antrim years ago: a guide and directory Originally published: as The book of Antrim. Dublin: Sealy, Bryers and Walker, Brett, C.
B., Charles Edward Bainbridge, Counties (Local Government) Districts & Principal Areas. See also. Local government administrative areas have different functions and powers in in each of the different countries in the United Kingdom (England and the devolved administrations of Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) This resulted from devolution of administrative, executive, or legislative authority to the new institutions.
About this Item: Oxford University Press, U.S.A., Condition: Very Good. The only English translation available of the reflections of the son of Peig Sayers, the. Citizens Advice is an operating name of the National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux.
Registered charity number VAT number 76 Company limited by guarantee. Registered number England Registered office: Citizens Advice, 3rd. Drumaheglis Marina & Caravan Park 36 Glenstall Road, Ballymoney BT53 7QN Tel: () or () Fax: () Email: [email protected] TO BOOK: A parent or guardian must phone or text Louise on with first name of child, a contact detail for parent/guardian and the requested date and time of booking.
Bookings will be confirmed by returned TEXT message. 🎅 Ballymoney Town Centre 🤶 #Christmas 🎅 #Ballymoney 🤶Location: Coleraine. We're known for our epic selection of new, used, and rare books, but we also sell fine art & collectables.
Browse art & collectables. Trusted since Our mission is to make it easy for customers to discover and buy the books, fine art and collectables that they love.
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You can use it to report a problem or suggest an improvement to a webpage. If you have a question about a government service or policy, you should contact the relevant government organisation directly as we don't have access to information about you held by government departments.
You must be aged 13 years or older - if you. CANCELLED - Brick Wonders Exhibition. Sat, 7 March - Sun, 14 June AM - PM. Cost: £ & Children - £ The cheapest way to get from Ballymoney to Liverpool costs only £40, and the quickest way takes just 4½ hours.
Find the travel option that best suits you. Plan to get here promptly to check-in and meet your WW Coach. Only 30 minutes! Start with a private Wellness Check-in. Review your week with a trained WW Coach and set a plan for the next.
Learn science-based strategies for weight loss. Stay for a Workshop led by an expert WW Coach trained in behavior change to help you build healthy habits. Book now through any of our Visitor Information Centres From Armoy follow the Ballymoney Road to Clintyfinnan and turn right at the cross roads, go through the next crossroads and your there.
The official signs take you on a longer roundabout route to Location: 2 Lisconnan Rd, Ballymoney, BT53 8AD.An hotel and boarding-house list and Official Guide, giving more comprehensive information, will be sent post free on application to the Town Clerk, Bangor, Co.
Down. Castlewellan A thriving town, four miles from the fashionable Newcastle, lies at the foot of a mountain, and on the shores of a beautiful lake abounding with trout.
frithwilliams.com - Borough of Ballymoney official guide book © 2020


He's not just supposed to control monitors.
I only use the small one to get information about parameters. Visual feedback so to speak.
Is there any trick to change the orientation of the oled display? It is working but it fit better in my enclosure if I invert how it show the lines. Thanks!
If you really need to do it, you will have to change a good portion of the OLED object's code.
Thanks SmashedTransistors. I will try to rearrange my enclosure.
I've used that touch screen with a teensy, it's a nice screen. Not sure the Due can update as fast as you want, you should double check. the teensy 3.1 was an improvement compared to 2.0 for example..
The due runs at 84MHz, i think it will be enough for managing the display and MIDI controls and sysex.
I ordered two displays through AliExpress, the pictures showed a select option on the back side. But when I received the displays, it turned out there was no option at all. Got the same display types as you and @servandisco. Did you find an option to change the address? I left a feedback note at AliExpress, i hope they will send instructions.
I haven't tried but me and an electronic guru I know bet that to change address you just have to move the o ohm resistors just next to the pins.. maybe both? and given the fact that they are 0 ohm, maybe it's also enough if you just "manage" to remove the resistors and then do test connections using just a drop of solder..
For me - the search continues!
I think so too. On this page you can read about a project (using a different type of display) where the address is set using a wire from the DC pin to GND (0X3C == 0X78) or VCC (0X3D == 0X7A). I know this case is different, but it gave me some clue. Given the fact there are two 0 Ohm resistors may imply that there are four possible addresses. I will go and test, but first I have to wait for my breadboard and some resistors to arrive.
After a closer look, it seems that moving both resistors must be sufficient indeed. The top resistor from GND to VDD and the other one from VDD to GND, When I'll get to it, I will post the result here.
I have two of these! Exact same ones. how to you wire them up to the axoloti?
I think that you have to make the changes @Cannonball shows so that it works in I2C mode.
Hi, I added some updated OLED objects.
The new tiar/HW/OLED128x64nice is nice because it will be nicer to other hardware connected to the I2C. (hence with this one, the presence of an factory/i2c/config object is mandatory).
mode 0: 4 lines of 11 characters (or "bars", see below).
mode 1: 1 line of 11 chars and oscilloscope.
mode 2: full height oscilloscope.
The tiar/HW/bar object connects to a line input of the OLED128x64nice object and make it draw an horizontal bar. If the tiar/HW/bar input is positive, the bar will be filled. If the input is negative, the displayed bar will be hollow.
The tiar/HW/bardbl object draws two bars.


For decades our infrastructure—much of it created in the post World War II-era—has been degrading. Other parts of our daily lives such as nationwide fiber-optic networks, large solar and wind farms, and comprehensive cellular technology weren't even conceivable a few decades ago. Now these systems are some of the most critical elements of our economy. Balancing investment for all infrastructure is essential for government and private industry, but project costs are rising, budgets are decreasing, and timelines are of ever increasing importance. EMPSi's strategic planners understand how to negotiate these market constraints to develop flexible solutions for project success.


The electronic health record, healthcare's golden ticket to better patient care and increased efficiency, is officially middle-aged. The amount of good intentions and effort that has gone toward creating the EHR is staggering. It was meant to be the "Great IT Hope"—a national patient record system to digitize, standardize and connect healthcare. Yet decades later healthcare languishes in a disconnected state, technologically operating as it did when Wilson Phillips topped the music charts. Doctors and nurses still contend with imperfect technology that hijacks their time, taking them away from patients.
Beyond the quagmires of moving too slowly and being overregulated, healthcare has a major problem called software. Remember it? Software isn't obsolete, but it's like oxygen—incredibly necessary to live, but alone not sufficient to guarantee growth or survival. Other industries have moved beyond and innovated atop software to create networks, ushering in the era of "the network effect." Consider Uber, LinkedIn or Facebook—all were made popular and powerful by mass use of their networks.
Healthcare can no longer sit complacently on the sidelines and watch other industries move ahead. That's why I wager the "network," specifically one driven by intelligence with the ability to learn from its own data, will be powering the next acceleration in the delivery of care.
Everyone talks about big data. But if you can't crunch data at scale and extract actionable information, what's the use? Matt Turck of FirstMark Capital talks about "network effects" and "data network effects" on LinkedIn. The former can be demonstrated with the Uber model. The network gets stronger as more drivers and passengers join. The latter refers to network smarts—the more people on the network, the more information the network consumes, and the smarter the network becomes.
My mission is to harness the combined intelligence of doctors, nurses, patients, hospitals, laboratories, insurers and everyone else who touches the care continuum. Just as Amazon can tell you when you need a new pair of running shoes, my team—through our network—is working to drive connectedness and introduce "bright-spotting" across healthcare. A recent example is our efforts to improve patient engagement and portal adoption, an important strategy as providers take on financial responsibility for the health outcomes of their patients. By analyzing millions of portal visits from more than 2,000 clients, we identified the "bright spots" on the network and used insights from their successes to make portals more user-friendly and help other providers replicate best practices.
We already track "healthcare in the wild," such as diagnosis patterns for ADHD, health trends related to childhood obesity, and the effects of industry-specific regulation, and we can also inject knowledge at scale. For instance, shortly after it was available, every doctor on our network had access to the guidelines from the CDC and American College of Gynecology related to the Zika virus. No new software was purchased or installed. Everyone gets smarter through such rapid information sharing.
My prescription for better care delivery at lower cost is simple: Cut the strings from software and follow the proven "network" model of success. Healthcare needs all the brain trust and connectedness it can muster to let doctors be doctors. With new innovations built for distribution across networks and powered by the knowledge from networks we can give providers back precious time to better care for patients.


Wasps are the uninvited guest that you never want to see show up at your door. While you can't eradicate all wasp from the world, you can take measures to at least make your home less desirable, and inadvertently, keep these insects away. Discover some of the home pest control actions you can take to keep wasp away.
Wasp can get inside your home when you open a door or window. However, if you keep finding wasp after wasp in your home, they have likely found another way to get inside. Gaps around doors and windows create the perfect opportunity for a wasp to gain access to your home, virtually undetected. Search around your house to see if you can find these insects point of entry and quickly seal up the area.
Wasps don't exactly settle around your property because they like you. The insects are around because there is a food source in the area. If you can remove the food source, you can make your home less attractive. To start, ensure your wastebasket has a lid on it, and keep it closed at all times. If you have any berry trees installed on your property, you might want to remove them or plant them at a distance from your home. Keep in mind, these elements serve as ideal food options for the insects.
Plant a garden that isn't just gorgeous to look at, but that can also help keep the insects away. Start your garden by planting mint, geranium or wormwood. All of these plants are unattractive to these insects and cause them to stay away. If you don't have the space for a garden or you don't have a green thumb, you can also try using an essential oil version to spray down some of the areas where the insets typically are.
You cannot get rid of a wasp problem until you first understand why they are in or around your home in the first place. Contact a local pest control company so that you can have a technician come out and investigate the issue. Once the technician identifies the problem, he or she will be able to provide you with a more effective removal and prevention plan going forward.
Take steps to keep your home as wasp-free as possible to keep your family safe and so that you can enjoy the outside spaces of your home more freely.


text:
define(['vent'], function (vent) {

	return {
		showWizard: function(stepNumber) {
			// send the step number that was requested
			vent.trigger('wizardModule:showWizard');
		}
	};

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mariana loves knowing that she and her team help people find better lives. She has an immense feeling of accomplishment every time a smart and talented professional is able to achieve their dreams while pursuing their careers. Unfortunately, in many countries, such opportunities are rare.


Home News New reports to help forecast housing needs in B.C.
New reports to help forecast housing needs in B.C.
VICTORIA, B.C. – Local governments and the Province will use new housing needs reports to better understand and respond to long-term housing needs specific to their communities.
To support this work the Province is providing $5 million over the next three years through a program administered by the Union of B.C. Municipalities, along with data and guidance to support communities' efforts. This new legislation is requiring local governments to collect data, analyze trends and present a report every five years that describes current and anticipated housing needs.
According to the Province, the reports will assess key housing needs, including the need for affordable housing, rental housing and homes for seniors, people with special needs, families and people at risk of homelessness. Most of the data required by local governments, such as demographics and household income levels, will be available on a single provincial website at no cost.
The new requirements were developed in consultation with an advisory group, including representatives from the Union of B.C. Municipalities, the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, BC Stats, BC Housing, the Planning Institute of BC, the BC Non-Profit Housing Association and local governments.
Once complete, all reports will be presented to a local government council or board. The reports will also be publicly available online to anyone seeking to better understand local housing needs.
The intake for the first round of funding is now open and successful local governments will be notified in summer 2019.


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Home Daily Brief	BBC Admits it Failed on Coverage of Itamar Massacre
BBC Admits it Failed on Coverage of Itamar Massacre
The BBC's outgoing director-general admitted that the media outlet erred in its lack of coverage of last year's Itamar massacre, which took the lives of five members of the Fogel family.
In March 2011, Palestinians Hakim Awad and his cousin Amjad Awad entered the West Bank settlement of Itamar andbrutally stabbed to death five members of the Fogel family, including 36-year-old father Ehud, 35-year-old mother Ruth, as well as three of their children: Yoav, 11, Elad, four, and the four-month old baby, Hadas. The murders were first discovered by another daughter who came home and found the bodies.
Both of the cousins were later sentenced to five consecutive life sentences for the murders.
At a Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee hearing last week, British Conservative Party MP Louise Mensch quizzed the BBC's outgoing director-general Mark Thompson about the lack of coverage. as she complained about the light coverage of the murders on BBC radio and television programs.
At the hearing, Thompson responded that the story occurred during a "very busy news period," which included the fighting in Libya and the tsunami in Japan, according to the London Jewish Chronicle.
"But I do want to say, to all our audience including our Jewish and Israeli audiences here and around the world, we do want to make sure we are fair and impartial. We made a mistake in this instance."
Read more at ShalomLife.com
Amjad AwadBBCBritainConservative PartyFogelFogel familyHakim AwadIsraelItamarJewishLouise MenschMark ThompsonmassacreWest Bank


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Woman cited after motorcycle crash
On Behalf of Jacobs & Dow, LLC | Jun 23, 2014 | Car Accidents, Firm News
A 31-year-old Connecticut motorcyclist has been injured in a recent accident in New Milford. The intersection crash took place at the corner of Hine Hill Road and Grove Street at 10:34 on June 15. The other driver involved has since been cited for failure to obey a stop sign. Police closed down Grove between Hine Hill Road and Fordyce Road for just over an hour in the aftermath of the accident.
Sources say that motorcyclist was traveling north on Grove Street when he was hit by a 1992 Buick. The Buick's driver was a 76-year-old Brookfield woman. According to a fire department chief, the Buick was in the process of making a left turn onto Grove Street when it hit the oncoming motorcyclist. The injured victim was evacuated to Danbury Hospital shortly thereafter. He is said to have suffered moderate injuries in the incident.
After an accident at an intersection, investigators often work to determine which party had the right of way in the moments preceding the collision. If one of those involved enters an intersection carelessly and causes an accident as a result, he or she may be held liable and ordered to provide compensation to the injured victim. In some cases, the victim of such an accident is injured so badly that they cannot return to work for a period of time – if ever. The resulting lost wages and income can inflict significant hardship on the victim and their family.
In this instance, the fact that the Buick driver has already been cited indicates a degree of culpability on her part. In a similar situation, an attorney might be able to pursue compensation on a injured person's behalf.
Source: New Milford Spectrum, "Motorcyclist incurs injuries in Grove Street accident", June 16, 2014


text:
Q: How to cast LiteralControl to LinkButton in C# protected void gvDispMsg_RowCreated(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.Header)
    {
        GridView hGrid = (GridView)sender;
        GridViewRow gvrRow = new GridViewRow(0, 0, DataControlRowType.Header, DataControlRowState.Insert);

        TableHeaderCell tcCellSub1 = new TableHeaderCell();
        tcCellSub1.Controls.Add(lblDDLBlank);
        gvrRow.Cells.Add(tcCellSub1);

        gvDispMsg.Controls[0].Controls.AddAt(0, gvrRow);

        LinkButton btnSort;
        System.Web.UI.WebControls.Image image;
        //iterate through all the header cells
        foreach (TableCell cell in e.Row.Cells)
        {
            //check if the header cell has any child controls
            if (cell.HasControls())
            {
                //get reference to the button column
                btnSort = (LinkButton)cell.Controls[0];
                image = new System.Web.UI.WebControls.Image();
                if (ViewState["sortExp"] != null)
                {
                    //Do something
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

I am getting the following error in line btnSort = (LinkButton)cell.Controls[0];:
Unable to cast object of type 'System.Web.UI.LiteralControl' to type 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.LinkButton'.

How can I resolve the error.

A: I know this is an old question, but in case someone finds it in a search in the future this is the correct way to cast a link button from a grid view:
var btnSort = (LinkButton)GridView1.Rows[i].Cells[k].Controls[1];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Furman Sports Report
Game reviews, previews, notes and features about Furman University football, men's basketball and other sports. This blog exists as a way for me to continue to cover Furman athletics, which I did for several years for The Greenville News. Special thanks to Furman Sports Information for photo use and to original blog sponsor, Tommy's Country Ham House.
Slawson powers Furman past Winthrop
Jalen Slawson scored 25 points to lead Furman to an 82-67
win over Winthrop Saturday. Photo courtesy of Furman
Jalen Slawson scored 19 of his season-high 25 points in the second half Saturday to help Furman pull away from Winthrop in an 82-67 win at Timmons Arena. Coming off a disappointing 85-82 home loss to High Point Tuesday, Furman coach Bob Richey said that the team "would find out who wants to guard" during practices the rest of the week.
Richey said that while his team still has some things to clean up, he was much more pleased with the defensive effort on Saturday. After shooting 53.8 percent from the floor in the first half, Winthrop (5-6) shot just 43.5 percent in the second half and was just 5-of-21 from three (23.8 percent) for the game. That's the lowest three-point percentage by a Furman opponent all season.
"I thought our aggression was much better. ... It was our first 30-plus deflection game of the year, so I'm really proud of that," Richey said. "I think any time you have a loss, you've got to look at it. ... I think the easiest thing to do is to figure out what the players do wrong. I think the best thing to do is figure out what did I do wrong?
"I took a lot of time on Wednesday, just getting away from it. I just had to spend some time making sure that I was leading correctly. I thought there were two things that I had to do better. Rotationally, I've affected some guys confidence. ... I've given them no consistency. I think what it's done, is have guys going into the game thinking, 'hey, I better make the shot so I can play longer.' "
On Saturday, only eight Paladins took the court. Of those three coming off the bench, two played less than nine minutes. Guards Joe Anderson and Carter Whitt, who had played in every game this season, didn't play Saturday.
"I want all these guys to be happy. I want them to leave the gym smiling and I don't want them to be disappointed that they didn't get to play. But at the end of the day, I had to clean that up," Richey said. "I think that we've got to find some rotational consistency for league play. And I think the guys coming off the bench have to know what to expect."
Richey said the second thing was that he could not expect his team to play more aggressive without a more aggressive game plan.
"I thought we needed to be a little bit more aggressive defensively. And so, we've worked on that last few days. It wasn't perfect, but it fits my personality more. It's what I like to do, and you're gonna give up some things," Richey said. "But it's like a football team that blitzes more than they sit in coverage. Coverage isn't working for us. I'm tired of seeing the ball go in. I mean, we're just given up shot after shot after shot."
No team led Saturday's game by more than four over the first 15 minutes. The Paladins (7-3) led 31-30 with five minutes left in the half before a Ben VanderWal three ignited a 10-0 run over the next two-and-a-half minutes. Tyrese Hughey capped it with a three-point play after he was fouled on a dunk.
The Eagles responded with a 9-0 spurt over the rest of the half, capped by Cory Hightower's three-pointer at the buzzer to cut Furman's lead to 41-39 at the break. It was kind of a "here we go again" moment for Furman's defense that had played relatively well until the final minutes of the half. Richey questioned his own moves about that letdown and commended his team for being unfazed by it.
"We had a little bit of foul trouble and we got up 10, so I decided pull Slaw out. I decided to pull all the guys with two (fouls) and that might have been a mistake. We got completely lost on the backside there and gave up that hammer three to basically go up two in the locker room," Richey said. "But I thought our response in the second half was really good. We had 12 second chance points for the game and they were all in the second half."
Coming out of halftime, Slawson - who was coming off a season-low eight-point and three-rebound performance against High Point - took over. He opened the half with a three and had a dunk for Furman's next bucket two minutes later. Slawson drew a double-team down low on the next possession and kicked it out to J.P. Pegues for a three-pointer. He had a layup on the Paladins' next shot and after a Mike Bothwell layup, Slawson had a putback and was fouled. He completed the three-point play to give Furman a 56-48 lead five minutes into the second half.
"It wasn't anything in particular done at halftime. I was in foul trouble in the first half. ... All these guys have been telling me I'm too good of a player to not have had more against High Point," Slawson said. "I made my first shot tonight and missed my next two, but my teammates did a good job instilling confidence in me. ... So there's really not any magic potion to this. It was just spending a week's worth of working on things."
Furman never led by less than five the rest of the way. It was a 69-63 lead for the Paladins with six minutes left when a Garrett Hien dunk sparked a 9-0 run that put the game away. Slawson capped the run on a three-pointer with 3:30 left.
After shooting 53.6 percent in the first half, the Paladins shot 54.8 percent in the second half. Furman has scored at least 41 points in each of its last six halves, including exactly 41 points in each of the last four. Furman won the rebounding battle, 34-23, and had 12 offensive boards.
Bothwell finished with 16 points, seven assists and two steals, while Pegues had 15 points, a career-high seven rebounds and five assists. Hien finished with 11 points. In 20 minutes off the bench, VanderWal had seven points, five rebounds, three steals, two blocked shots and an unbelievable dunk in which he just kept elevating.
"We were talking last night and I told the staff, 'I know he's (VanderWal's) not making shots, but we're also not giving him normalized minutes. So how's he going to make shots?' " Richey said. "He went in there tonight and played the game the right way. He made huge plays. We've got to reward guys that just compete and respond. ... He hardly played versus High Point, but he came in and practiced his behind off on Thursday."
Next up for Furman is a trip to Raleigh to face N.C. State Tuesday at 6:30 p.m. The game will be televised on the ACC Network.
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On Tuesday morning, members of the Shtax'heen Canoe Family group paddle around in the newly-built "Shtax'heen Yaakw," a 30-foot canoe built after a traditional style.
It was a festive holiday weekend for Wrangell, but the local Tlingit community had particular reason to celebrate as they dedicated a new canoe Saturday inside the Wrangell Cooperative Association's recently completed carving facility.
The 30-foot vessel seats up to nine crew members and is constructed of fiberglass and wood framing with a red cedar inlay. It was constructed over the summer at the old carving shed, near the causeway entrance to Chief Shakes Island.
"Shane Gillen is the one who built the whole thing," said Ken Hoyt, one of the project's supporters.
He explained that over the past two years Gillen had come up with the design and since this summer did much of the framing and fiberglass work. A $3,000 grant by Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium, material aid and services provided by Wrangell Cooperative Association and White Construction all went toward making the canoe a reality.
"We fundraised a lot, too," said Hoyt.
The construction of the canoe has the advantages of being larger, sturdier and considerably cheaper than a traditional wooden dugout, meaning it can be used for extended journeys and annual festivals.
"Now we have a reason to dance," said Marge Byrd at the canoe's dedication. The two-hour ceremony was intended to elevate the object's value for the community, with the singing of songs, sharing of stories, and distribution of seven copper pieces made by Richard Oliver for each of the seven Wrangell clans. Ten blankets were also given out, representative of the ten original clans.
At the ceremony's climax, the canoe was formally christened. "We named it after the river," said Hoyt. "It doesn't belong to one clan, it belongs to everybody."
Together they chose the name "Shtax'heen Yaakw" – Tlingit for "Stikine River Canoe" – and the Shtax'heen Canoe Family group will cooperatively maintain the vessel, which is kept at the WCA shed near the causeway to Chief Shakes Island. Hoyt explained the group is a local chapter of the One Canoe Society.
"This is a tremendous gift to the community," John Martin said of the canoe. "This is going to put people in the water."
A group of seven took the canoe out for its first little trip on Monday. After the test run, Martin remarked the canoe traveled smoothly in the water. "That's a traveling boat," he said. In his many years of canoeing, Martin said this was the largest vessel he had been in. "I'd love to see three of them."
Gillen felt the effort had been worth it. "It goes really smoothly," he said. But he added the real test of its mettle will come when the canoe gets taken out into open water.


It's a proposal I had made to a nascent (and never fully flowered) body that was promoting collaboration among rabbinical organizations across denominational lines. There was a bit of interest, as I remember, but the proposal never went anywhere.
To this day, the rabbis groups each have their own list serve, none with a usable or much used archive. There is great potential for the hand of a contemporary database-enabled Talmudic editor to take the hidden knowledge and and allow it to become shared wisdom.
These conversations are not currently archived in any useful way and are therefore not available to rabbis who may be seeking similar wisdom currently. Rabbis are constantly re-inventing the wheel when help is just an e-mail message away. If only it could be found!
Internet technology closely mirrors the method of the Talmud in its emphasis on dialog and banter. A unique opportunity exists now to harvest the wisdom of contemporary rabbis and to do it in a modality that resonates deeply with longstanding Jewish methodology.
Messages from the mailing lists need to be logged into databases.
Messages need to be cleaned up; there are all kinds of formatting problems.
Appropriate subject titles must be designated. The key to sorting the material by topic will be the assigning of appropriate message titles to the individual posts. Key words and categories will be linked to each post.
Formats need to be developed for best presentation and search capabilities for effective retrieval by rabbis using the world-wide-web interface.
The rabbinical organizations need help in setting up the infrastructures to process messages in an on-going way for easy later retrieval so that such a large project will not have to be undertaken in the future.
Note that "1" and "2" can be highly automated. "3" will require much "hand" labor.
The RRA, CCAR, and RA would take on the project collaboratively. Each group would retain proprietary control of their material. However, the technical methodologies would be immediately shared; the project managers for each group would work together. And finally, each group would designate certain threads of conversation, with the permission of the authors, to be made available to the other rabbinic bodies.
I would love to have access to these conversations...let me know if this discussion is reopened at any point!
Esther, I'm glad to hear of your excitement about the idea.
But I should temper your enthusiasm by saying I don't think the contents of the rabbinic list serves will be available for public consumption for a long time... if ever. Notice the fine print in the collaboration section above.
Each group would retain proprietary control of their material. However, the technical methodologies would be immediately shared; the project managers for each group would work together. And finally, each group would designate certain threads of conversation, with the permission of the authors, to be made available to the other rabbinic bodies.
The proposed sharing was only for certain safe threads, only distributed with the authors' approval, and then only shared on the private listserves of other rabbinical associations. The proposal was far from "open source."
Practically, it could only be done by getting a bunch of rabbis to participate at a rabbis web site that was designated as open source from the beginning. Whether there would be enough rabbis who would participate to make the content valuable is an open question.
Given the technological progress in the past decade, how would your proposal be changed?
The short answer is, "not much." I believe all the major rabbinical groups still use list-serves as their primary method of peer-to-peer banter. But I'd have to research that a bit more.
I'll cover the technology below. But first, "Would the proposal have been different in how it proposed to share the edited content? Would the openness emanating out of a Web 2.0/Facebook culture have influenced the rabbis enough to convince them that they might want to share some of their wisdom beyond the rabbinic community?"
My answer is, absolutely not! I see very slow movement on that front. There is a little, but not enough that would have affected the proposal were I to submit it today.
Technology changes. It would be less expensive to migrate the data to databases and clean up the messages. Categorizing and applying appropriate titles for threads would still have to be done "by hand."
Once that work had been done, the display and user interactivity for the data would be better and less expensive than ten years ago.
It also would be much easier at a reasonable cost to apply a system of fine-grained permissions so that all the right people would get access only to messages they were supposed to see.
A new version of the proposal would advocate for replacing the list-serves with web forums that allow for receiving and posting by email. That would get you the best of list serve technology (you can do everything from email), and the best of web technology (content is displayed well and the user can search and interact with the content in compelling ways). The web would also allow for posting audio and video.
I love this idea, Shai. I would love to see it come to pass.


This newly released hidden object adventure game is one of the games that can be used as an example of a great game of this genre. Weird Park: Broken Tune is a horror story presented in a form of puzzles and searches.
You play as a detective who was asked to investigate the case of a missing journalist.
One of the things that you will notice right away is the quality of the audio-visual part of the game. The graphics are absolutely beautiful and detailed with the colors that help your eyes enjoy the game. The major story is voiced and told in stead of written to you, which is always a great thing.
You play as a detective who was asked to investigate the case of a missing journalist. The last time he was seen was at an entertainment park. As you arrive to the place you realize that there is much more to investigate than just what happened with the jounalist.
The game features the major typical kinds of activity of this genre. You will do a lot of going back and forth searching for active areas and inventory to use in order to proceed.
There is a decent number of hidden object scenes to search through. They come in different forms making it less boring. Then there are also different mini-games. They are all the same that you layed in the games before, but they are still fun to try and solve. Even if you don't enjoy the small puzzles you can skip them pretty soon.
All in all the game seems to be a really nice way to kill afew hours.
This is Weird Park: Broken Tune review. Download this game here.


We've developed a quiz to help you test your home care IQ. Please take a few minutes and see how much you know about home care.
Home care is only for the elderly or for the truly sick who have been hospitalized.
60% of people 75 and older will need some form of long-term care.
10% of the nation's elderly population have some form of disability for which they require assistance (i.e. - bathing, dressing, eating).
Helping edlerly relatives with just one simple task per day such as eating or dressing can take up to 9 hours per week.


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After working as an editor for several major children's book publishers, Joanne Mattern became the author of numerous nonfiction books for children. She especially loves writing about animals, sports, and interesting people and places. She lives in New York State with her husband, four children, and assorted pets.
Get updates about Joanne Mattern and recommended reads from Simon & Schuster.


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Pasteur je přestupní stanice pařížského metra mezi linkami 6 a 12 v 15. obvodu v Paříži. Nachází se na křižovatce Boulevardu Pasteur, pod kterým vede linka 6, a ulice Rue de Vaugirard, pod kterou se nachází linka 12. Linka 6 je zde jen velmi mělko pod povrchem, neboť jen několik metrů směrem do stanice Sèvres – Lecourbe trať vychází na povrch.

Historie
Stanice byla otevřena 24. dubna 1906 při zprovoznění úseku Passy ↔ Place d'Italie. V roce 1903 se oddělil od linky 1 úsek počínaje stanicí Étoile a vznikla nová linka 2 Sud (2 Jih), též nazývána Circulaire Sud (Jižní okruh). Tato linka byla právě 24. dubna 1906 rozšířena od stanice Passy po Place d'Italie. 14. října 1907 byla linka 2 Sud zrušena a připojena k lince 5. Dne 12. října 1942 byla stanice Raspail, respektive celá část Étoile ↔ Place d'Italie opět odpojena od linky 5 a spojena s linkou 6, která tak získala dnešní podobu.

5. listopadu 1910 zde bylo otevřeno nástupiště na prvním úseku linky A, kterou provozovala konkurenční společnost Compagnie Nord-Sud, a která vedla od Porte de Versailles do Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. Po sloučení obou společností obdržela linka v roce 1930 číslo 12.

Nástupiště linky 6 byla renovována v 70. letech, zatímco renovace nástupišť linky 12 proběhla v roce 1976 ponechávající původní výzdobu keramických dlaždic. Při 100. výročí pařížského metra byla stanice renovována v programu "9 stations pour le millénaire" (9 stanic pro tisíciletí).

Název
Jméno stanice je odvozeno od názvu Boulevardu Pasteur. Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) byl francouzský chemik a biolog, zakladatel mikrobiologie, který vynalezl proces pasterizace a vyvinul vakcíny proti sněti slezinné a vzteklině.

Výzdoba stanice
Jméno stanice se odráží i v její vnitřní výzdobě, jejíž hlavním tématem je zdraví. Na stěnách nástupiště linky 6 jsou uvedeny úryvky z etického kodexu lékařů, na nástupišti linky 12 jsou ukázky z výzkumné práce Louise Pasteura.

Vstupy
Stanice má dva vchody a každý je v jiném stylu. Vchod na lince 6 má klasický secesní vzhled, jehož autorem je architekt Hector Guimard. Tento styl je charakteristický pro stanice společnosti Compagnie du Métropolitain de Paris. Naopak druhý vchod, který sloužil lince A konkurenční Compagnie Nord-Sud, je zdobený tepaným železem, což je typické právě pro stanice této společnosti.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

  Záznam v evidenci historických památek

Stanice metra v 15. obvodu (Paříž)
Stanice metra v Paříži chráněné jako historické památky
Historické památky v 15. obvodu (Paříž)
Stanice metra nazvané po osobách

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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David appears on Peter Levy Show to discuss the "Charity tax"
David appeared on BBC Radio Humberside's Peter Levy Show to discuss the so-called "charity tax". He said that, although there were clearly "bogus" charities that exist purely for the benefit of very wealthy taxpayers, these were a small minority. He stressed that charities should not all be "tarred with the same brush". David used the example of a man earning £3m a year, of which he gives £2m to a cancer charity. He then pays 50% on the remaining £1m, on top of the £2m he has given to charity. Although the tax bill has been reduced, in no sense has the man sought even to improve his own financial position. The effective taxation of charitable donations halves the amount very wealthy individuals can donate, disincentivising the philanthropy which we should applaud.
David then went on to say that the abuse of the charitable system should be ended through the closing of loopholes, not a blanket "charity tax" as is proposed at present.


Potential Damages in a Personal Injury Lawsuit - Keller Keller Caracuzzo Cox & Belluccio P.A.
Compensatory damages are for the purpose of returning a plaintiff in the position that existed before the harm was done, or to make the victim of a wrongful act "whole again". Compensatory damages can be divided into general and special damages.
General damages such as for the physical and mental pain that was endured as the result of an injury are difficult to prove with clear specificity or to quantify. Nevertheless, such harm occurs as the result of a wrongful act and compensation is therefore awarded. General damages are also the amount of compensation required to restore the fair market value of the property to its owner.
Special damages cover losses due to circumstances after the harm or losses have occurred, and include such items as medical expenses. Recovery requires detailed proof that the losses were sustained as a result of the injury in question, and a showing of the amount of money involved.
Future damages are for anticipated additional harms or losses that will result from the injury or accident. There must be a satisfactory basis for determining the certainty that these harms or losses will occur. Otherwise they are considered speculative and not subject to recovery.
Incidental damages include reasonable expenses, charges, or other costs that flow from the harm or loss. They may include such items as the cost of photocopies or delivery expenses.
Punitive damages may be assessed against the party at fault as punishment for his or her willful and malicious behavior, and to deter others from acting similarly.
It should be noted that in most states, a person receiving an injury or involved in an accident has a legal obligation to minimize, to the extent possible, the consequences of the harm suffered. This obligation of the injured party may include undergoing appropriate medical care or seeking alternative employment if his or her usual line of work cannot be continued.
This "mitigation of damages", as it is called, denies the plaintiff any part of the damages a court or jury deems could reasonably have been avoided. If, for example, a plaintiff foregoes surgery contrary to his or her physician's recommendation, he or she may not recover damages for further injury or harm that could have been avoided by the surgery. Failure to see a physician promptly after an injury has occurred may likewise reduce the amount of compensation for recovery.
If you or a loved one has been injured due to another person's negligence or wrongful conduct please contact Keller, Keller & Caracuzzo. We can help you recover the financial compensation to which you are entitled.


Sevilla vs Valencia Highlights Mar 31, 2019.
Venue: Estadio Ramon Sanchez Pizjuan.
Strasbourg vs Monaco – Highlights & Full Match Mar 9, 2018.
Paris Saint Germain vs Monaco – Highlights Mar 31, 2018.
Wolfsburg vs Borussia Dortmund – Highlights & Full Match Nov 3, 2018..
DAWO: Juventus 4 : 1 Sampdoria.
Paris Saint Germain vs Monaco – Highlights & Full Match Aug 4, 2018.
DAWO:- Real Betis vs Deportivo La Coruna – Highlights Aug 26, 2016.
DAWO:-Schalke 04 vs Athletic Bilbao – Highlights Aug 14, 2016..
Belgium vs Tunisia – Highlights & Full Match Jun 23, 2018.
DAWO: Osasuna vs Atletico Madrid Highlights Nov 27, 2016.
DAWO:- Barcelona vs Real Betis – Highlights & Full Match Aug 20, 2016.
Amiens vs Paris Saint Germain – Highlights.
Chelsea vs Sheffield Wednesday – Highlights & Full Match Jan 27, 2019.
Liverpool vs FC Porto – Highlights & Full Match Mar 6, 2018.
Fiorentina vs Atalanta – Highlights Sep 30, 2018.
Croatia vs Nigeria Highlights Jun 16, 2018.
LIVE: AFC Bournemouth0 – 0Chelsea.
Lazio vs Parma Highlights Mar 17, 2019.
West Ham United vs Brighton & Hove Albion Highlights January 2, 2019.


An elegant wedding venue in New Gloucester, Maine, Cunningham Farm is the ideal location for a country-chic and vintage wedding. This beautiful location is full of customizing options for every couple, and the over 90 acres of land offer a broad starting point for designing your perfect wedding day. The lush green fields with the combination of white wood accent and stone serve as a most picturesque scene.
With three stunning event space options, Cunningham Farm is sure to wow couples and guests alike. These charming options, the Dairy, Hay and Carriage Barns, offer the perfect indoor setting for a ceremony or reception with guest capacity ranging from 200 - 300 people. This farm also offers the entire grounds for outdoor (uncovered or covered with tent) arrangements. Whether you choose to be by the reflecting pond or the barn, the beauty of Maine and this farmland will astound you.
Tanner & Abbi at Cunningham Farm truly made our wedding a dream come true! Between planning and coordination and organizing the day-of, they were always so helpful and responsive to questions. They went above & beyond on so many occasions to make our vision come alive. They even gifted us with a beautiful custom cutting board. We are so grateful to have celebrated our wedding at Cunningham. Truly a beautiful, meticulously maintained, and romantic place to be get married. Thank you so much!!!!!
Beautiful venue and Abbi and Tanner were extremely helpful every step of the way. Highly recommend!
Amazing venue! Tanner and Abbi were wonderful and accommodating throughout our entire wedding weekend. The three barns add so many different options for where things can take place, and the entire property is beautiful.


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How Chaplains Can Help
Chaplain Request
Nearby Places of Worship
Spiritual Care at Texas Children's Hospital: An Introduction and History
The mission of the Spiritual Care Department at Texas Children's Hospital is to promote healing by providing compassionate interfaith spiritual support for patients, families and staff. Chaplains are available 24/7 to provide listening and prayer, inspiration, expressions of hope, assistance with weighing medical decisions, coordination of desired religious observances or rituals, and advocacy when your beliefs and values impact medical care. Our goal is to provide encouragement and comfort.
When TCH was founded in 1954, chaplains from (then) St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital provided emergency coverage and visited patients on request. Since that time, the Spiritual Care Department has expanded to include board certified TCH staff chaplains at all hospital locations, chaplain residents and interns from Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, hospital spiritual care volunteers and clergy and volunteers from the Catholic Chaplain Corps on site. We also work with Jewish Family Services, Lifeline Chaplaincy, Houston Interfaith Ministries, the Islamic Society of Greater Houston and many other agencies to meet the diverse needs of our families.
Please let us know how we can support you and your family during your hospital stay.


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PF Flyers – Made in USA and Made in Boston
Mar 29, 2016 | Brand Profiles | by David Shuck
We all have our own images of what the work of American manufacturing looks like–calloused hands running under the light of a Juki sewing machine, cinder block warehouses out by the train tracks, name tags embroidered on uniforms without the slightest hint of irony. As someone who's seen the inside of quite a few factories, let me tell you that the vast majority of it is in your head. The people who still work in manufacturing in the United States may be few and far between, but they aren't unicorns.
That said, you can't help but feel it surrounding the factory where they make PF Flyers. PF produces their Made in USA collection in the Boston suburb of Brighton. When I first went to the factory, I thought I was entirely in the wrong place, it was all split level houses and oak trees. After about eight turns in what feels like the wrong direction, a gentle slope leads down onto New Balance's production facility, PF's parent company, which also houses PF Flyers.
Boston Manufacturing was the only New Balance factory when current owner Jim Davis bought the company in 1972. Production has moved four times since then, eventually landing them at this current facility, which was originally built in 1965 for machine parts stamping, whatever that might entail.
The facility is currently home to 85 line workers, who produce PF Flyers as well as New Balance walking and performance running shoes. Roughly five million of all New Balance shoes are made domestically throughout three facilities in Maine, one in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and this location in Boston. Past the entrance and a small office space at the front of the building, you get to where the magic happens.
The first PF Flyers, however, didn't roll across the line until late 2014, when PF brought production back to the United States for the first time in decades. Making PFs, however, is a little different than New Balance walkers. The PF line is run on a DESMA injection molded Poly-Urethane machine, which hot fuses liquid Poly-Urethane to the upper of the shoe.
Despite the heavily mechanized nature of injection molding, much of the work on the line still happens by hand–the stamp on the tongue, the removal of the excess rubber from the injection mold, even the stripe down the side of the sole.
The Made in USA line began as somewhat of an experiment, but has grown as more and more of PF's sales every quarter since introducing the first two models in March of last year. And production shows no signs of topping out or slowing down. With over 950 shoes produced in every 8 hour shift, we'll only be seeing more and more domestically produced PF Flyers from here on out.
Shop PF Flyers Made-in-USA line at their official website.
Images by Pat Piasecki.
Tags: boston, made in usa, pf flyers
PF Flyers Made in USA Center Hi
PF Flyers Made in USA Center Hi by Tanner Goods
PF Flyers x The Brooklyn Circus Rambler Sneaker
Alyasha Owerka-Moore, PF Flyers Brand Historian – Interview Part I


Designed to plot your future.
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The Average Directional Index Volatility Moving Average (ADXVMA) is a volatility based moving average with the volatility being determined by the value of the ADX. The ADX provides levels of support during uptrends and resistance during downtrends. The indicator may also be used as a trendfilter. The trend can be positive, negative or neutral.
The Average Directional Index Volatility Moving Average, or the ADXVMA, is a volatility based moving average with the volatility being determined by the value of the ADX. Our ADXVMA may also be used with other input series than price. Furthermore, one may plot the trend using paint bars.


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– 3 New playable races : Dwarves, felines and Colossus.
– Add a choosing a specialty in character creation.
– 5 New spells: celerity scroll, celerity book, magical berries book, peel skin scroll, peel skin book.
– 1 New Weapon: lightning staff.
– 1 New Workshop: Shamanic altar.
– 1 New Skill: shamanic magic.
– 3 New consumables : ointment, mushroom soup, bandage.
– The information window is more detailed.
– New installer for the PC version.