text:
Home • News & Events • News • RAMW Blog • Learn to Recognize Unconscious Bias at Your Operation
Learn to Recognize Unconscious Bias at Your Operation
Original content c/o: National Restaurant Association
The world and workplace are increasingly multicultural. Enhance your cultural intelligence and embrace diversity to benefit your business.
Do you have the knowledge and skills necessary to engage people from different cultural backgrounds effectively? Do you know what unconscious bias is, or the negative impact it can have on your restaurant's operations and sales?
Gerry Fernandez, founder and president of the Multicultural Foodservice & Hospitality Alliance, an affiliate of the National Restaurant Association, says understanding what cultural intelligence and unconscious bias are and how they affect your business is essential to provide great guest service, engage your employees in positive ways, and improve profitability.
"Here's the bottom line: By 2050, U.S. demographics will have shifted dramatically to a majority made up of minority cultures," Fernandez says. "Because of that change, restaurateurs must embrace diversity and inclusion so they can grow their customer base and attract and retain the best employees in the industry's workforce."
To help restaurants learn more about diversity and inclusion, Fernandez and the MFHA team have held a series of regional Multicultural Workplace Solutions roundtables at restaurant and foodservice companies around the country. The roundtables, which Fernandez moderates, guide executives, franchisees, managers, recruiters and human resources professionals through some of the most important aspects of cultural intelligence, including:
The ability to operate well in diverse environments, adjusting procedures as needed to help managers and team members get their jobs done effectively in a culturally diverse workplace.
The ability to make more informed decisions during recruitment efforts.
The ability to understand cultural influences, behaviors and responses, avoid stereotyping and recognize when unconscious bias is at play.
The regional roundtables program, currently in its second year, will hold its next two meetings Oct. 24, at Dunkin' Brands headquarters in Canton, Mass., and Nov. 13, at The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta. All are welcome.
"We think this is a great way to bring industry members together and give them solutions to put into practice at their own restaurants," Fernandez said. "You'd be surprised to see how unconscious bias presents itself in the workplace; we discuss ways to recognize it, eliminate it and create a better environment for everyone."


In the Spring of 1989 Sean Casey (sean) released the first fn (forumnet) client for general use. For a while, it was widely used by users at the University of Kentucky (uky.edu) (where the server was located: j.ms.uky.edu), MIT, UC Santa Cruz, the University of New Mexico, and Georgia Tech. Many other sites ran the client as well, but these were the big ones. During the following summer a T-shirt of the US, mapping sites that had been using fn, was done by Stephen Chappell (tmdando, urso). The first large gathering of Forumnet users was also that summer, at the house shared by Stephen and Glenn Stone (net.bot, taliesin) (the house was nicknamed "Farside"). Fn users from Atlanta, as well as Jennifer Moody (jenalen) and Carolee Harrison (thrush, didthat, carolee) from UC Santa Cruz, were at the party. It was also during this summer that Mark Reed (Dr.Strange) and Eric Lechner (lechner, eriq) started working on their own versions of the client (labeled the .mr and .el clients).
The following fall, when the earthquake of 89 hit the San Francisco bay area, fn users from around the country pooled information and distributed it across fn. Some users organized care packages for Bay area fn users. Since some UCSC students still had net access, but no phones, some fn users even fowarded phone messages to family members.
Shortly after the earthquake was the second gathering of fn users. The Atlanta fn users had a Halloween party at Farside. David Nye (evil, DavE) and Sean brought a contigent of UK users with them.
In November of 90 there was another gathering of fn users. This time it was on the West coast. It was hosted at the house of mofo, icecube, and wade (their icb nicks). People from UC Davis, Oregon State, University of Oregon, Berkeley, UCSC, and Stanford attended (a total of about 50-75 people). There were lots of bands there, beer, BBQ, and a Loony Toon movie marathon. This was probably the largest fn/icb gathering to date.
In March of 1991, for various reasons, Forumnet was taken down. During the interum 2 to 3 months, former fn users used IRC and Netchat to keep in touch. Then, John Atwood Devries (at, zozzles, @, others) used the fn client to reverse engineer a server. He named the new setup "International CB" or ICB for short. The ICB server at alderon.lanl.gov worked with fn clients that were modified for the new host address. Later, icb clients were writen which allowed command-line specification of server names. For a while, the client was offically maintained by Mark Giaquinto (winterwolf). Currently, Mark Reed does most of the work on the unix client, and there are also emacs and VMS clients based clients.
Because of laws related to use of government property, the alderon server had to be shutdown. The server was moved to remus.rutgers.edu by Jessica Koeppel Dembski (jessica). Another server was put up at a site in Germany, as well as the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee (by Tom J. Kreuger ( VetPsychWars)). David Galbrath (thunderstorm) also brought up a server at bootes.unm.edu.
The server at bootes ("The Dragon Server" or "bootes") had a lot of work done on it. At one point, David was even trying to get his server to talk directly to the other servers. Later, this server was moved to crater.unm.edu Eventually, all of the other servers went away, as bootes was the most reliable and featureful of the lot. Since then, some other servers have appeared at various sites for local use, or use when the Dragon Server is down.
In the summer of 1993, the icb-social mailing list arranged the first ICB Bash party. The bash had ICB users from all over the east coast. The following May, a "bashlet" was held in the Washington DC area. The ICB Bash-II was held on the 4th of July weekend 1994 in Milwaukee.
In the Summer of 1994, John Rudd (kzin) decided to learn html. He also thought that ICB needed a homepage. The reaction to this announcement was mixed. Some of the ICB community wants ICB to remain a small, lesser known part of the net, so that all of the obnoxious newbies head to IRC. Some of the rest of the ICB community wanted to see ICB on the web. John went ahead and created the first draft of this document on July 15, 1994.
In the fall of 1994, Ed Boykin (Ham_Salad) added his name to the list of people working on ICB clients. Ed started work on the OS/2 version of the client (called ICB/2).
ICB still has a large following at UCSC and Georgia Tech. Users still log in from around the world (although, lately, few people from outside the US use ICB). New sites find their way to ICB all the time. Mills College is another large user, and the University of Idaho (in Moscow, Idaho) is one of the newer sites with many users.


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Retail Bond Expert
What is a Retail Bond
Select A Broker
3rd Jul
Bruntwood Investments plc launch 6% retail bond offer
Bruntwood Investments plc, the family owned property group have issued their first retail bond offering investors a 6% return. It will be secured against the Manchester company's £891m property portfolio and will be due in 2020.
Bruntwood are looking to raise £70m to help diversify it's funding base.
The Bonds will be issued on 24 July 2013. Fixed interest at the rate of 6% per annum, will be payable semi-annually in arrears on 24 July and 24 January of each year until 24 July 2020. The first coupon payment will be on 24 January 2014
The Bonds have a minimum initial subscription amount of £2,000 and are available in multiples of £100 thereafter
The Group was founded in 1976 and is one of the United Kingdom's largest privately owned commercial property groups. Their main activity is the customer service led provision of conventional office space with ancillary retail premises, storage and car parking facilities to a range of customers including the public and private sectors.
Bruntwood owns approximately 6.2 million square feet of space within 110 properties which are utilised by over 2,000 business customers
Investec Bank is acting as sole manager on the issue, and the authorised distributors for the bonds are Barclays Stockbrokers, Brown Shipley, Interactive Investor Trading, Killik & Co, Redmayne Bentley and Selftrade.
Commenting on the launch, Chris Oglesby, Chief Executive of Bruntwood, said: "We are very pleased to announce the launch of our first retail bond. This will enable us to diversify our funding base without increasing our leverage. Bruntwood has operated in the regional property sector for 37 years and looks forward to joining the growing number of companies in the retail bond market trading on the LSE ORB platform".
Full details can be obtained here:-
/Images/PDF/Bruntwood Prospectus.pdf
/Images/PDF/Bruntwood Retail Bonds Online Information Booklet.pdf
Tags: Retail Bond, Brown Shipley, Investec, London Stock Exchange, Barclays Stockbrokers, Redmayne Bentley, Bruntwood, Interactive Investor, Killik & Co,
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Copyright © DIY Investor Limited 2014 Registered in England and Wales. No. 08594239 | Registered office: 1 St. Andrew's Hill, London, United Kingdom, EC4V 4BY

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text:
\subsection{}

\section{Introduction\label{s_intr}}

The dynamics of magnetization of bulk ferromagnets, utrathin
magnetic films and magnetic nanoparticles represents an important
property of these systems, especially in the context of high speed
magnetic devices for data storage.
While a complete picture of magnetization dynamics including, e.g.,
excitation of magnons and their interaction with other degrees
of freedom, is still a challenge for the modern theory of
magnetism, remarkable progress has been achieved during the last
years concerning the dynamics of the total magnetic moment,
which can be probed experimentally by means of the ferromagnetic
resonance \cite{r_1994_bh} or by the time-resolved magneto-optical
Kerr effect. \cite{r_2014_imn}
Time evolution of the macroscopic magnetization vector ${\bf M}$
can be described by the well-known Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG)
equation \cite{r_1980_pl, r_1955_tlg}
\begin{equation}
\frac{d{\bf M}}{dt} =  {\bf B}_{\rm eff} \times {\bf M}
+ \frac{\bf M}{M} \times
\left( \underline{\bm{\alpha}} \cdot \frac{d{\bf M}}{dt} \right) ,
\label{eq_llg}
\end{equation}
where ${\bf B}_{\rm eff}$ denotes an effective magnetic field
(with the gyromagnetic ratio absorbed) acting on the magnetization,
$M = |{\bf M}|$, and the quantity $\underline{\bm{\alpha}} =
\{ \alpha_{\mu\nu} \}$ denotes a symmetric $3 \times 3$ tensor of
the dimensionless Gilbert damping parameters ($\mu, \nu = x, y, z$).
The first term in Eq.~(\ref{eq_llg}) defines a precession of the
magnetization vector around the direction of the effective magnetic
field and the second term describes a damping of the dynamics.
The LLG equation in itinerant ferromagnets is appropriate for
magnetization precessions very slow as compared to precessions of
the single-electron spin due to the exchange splitting and to
frequencies of interatomic electron hoppings.

A large number of theoretical approaches to the Gilbert damping
has been worked out during the last two decades; here we mention
only schemes within the one-electron theory of itinerant magnets,
\cite{r_1976_vk, r_2003_esh, r_2004_sjl, r_2004_tfh, r_2005_sf,
r_2006_fs, r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk, r_2008_btb, r_2008_gis,
r_2009_gm_a, r_2009_gm_b, r_2010_skb, r_2011_btb, r_2011_emk,
r_2012_as} where the most important effects of electron-electron
interaction are captured by means of a local spin-dependent
exchange-correlation (XC) potential.
These techniques can be naturally combined with existing
first-principles techniques based on the density-functional theory,
which leads to parameter-free calculations of the Gilbert damping
tensor of pure ferromagnetic metals, their ordered and
disordered alloys, diluted magnetic semiconductors, etc.
One part of these approaches is based on a static limit of the
frequency-dependent spin-spin correlation function of a
ferromagnet. \cite{r_1976_vk, r_2003_esh, r_2004_sjl, r_2004_tfh,
r_2009_gm_a, r_2009_gm_b}
Other routes to the Gilbert damping employ relaxations of
occupation numbers of individual Bloch electron states
during quasi-static nonequilibrium processes or transition
rates between different states induced by the spin-orbit (SO)
interaction. \cite{r_2005_sf, r_2006_fs, r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk,
r_2008_gis, r_2012_as}
The dissipation of magnetic energy accompanying the slow
magnetization dynamics, evaluated within a scattering theory or the
Kubo linear response formalism, leads also to explicit expressions
for the Gilbert damping tensor. \cite{r_2008_btb, r_2010_skb,
r_2011_btb, r_2011_emk}
Most of these formulations yield relations equivalent to the
so-called torque-correlation formula
\begin{equation}
\alpha_{\mu\nu} = - \alpha_0 {\rm Tr}
\{ T_\mu ( G_+ - G_- ) T_\nu ( G_+ - G_- ) \} ,
\label{eq_tcf}
\end{equation}
in which the torque operators $T_\mu$ are either due to the
XC or SO terms of the one-electron Hamiltonian.
In Eq.~(\ref{eq_tcf}), which has a form of the Kubo-Greenwood
formula and is valid for zero temperature of electrons, the
quantity $\alpha_0$ is related to the system magnetization
(and to fundamental constants and units used, see
Section \ref{ss_efft}), the trace is taken over
the whole Hilbert space of valence electrons, and the symbols
$G_\pm = G(E_{\rm F} \pm {\rm i}0)$ denote the one-particle
retarded and advanced propagators (Green's functions) at the
Fermi energy $E_{\rm F}$.

Implementation of the above-mentioned theories in first-principles
computational schemes proved opposite trends of the intraband and
interband contributions to the Gilbert damping parameter as functions
of a phenomenological quasiparticle lifetime broadening.
\cite{r_2004_sjl, r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk}
These qualitative studies have recently been put on a more solid
basis by considering a particular mechanism of the lifetime
broadening, namely, a frozen temperature-induced structural disorder,
which represents a realistic model for a treatment of temperature
dependence of the Gilbert damping. \cite{r_2011_lsy, r_2013_mkw}
This approach explained quantitatively the low-temperature
conductivity-like and high-temperature resistivity-like trends
of the damping parameters of iron, cobalt and nickel.
Further improvements of the model, including static
temperature-induced random orientations of local magnetic moments,
have appeared recently. \cite{r_2015_emc}

The \emph{ab initio} studies have also been successful in
reproduction and interpretation of values and concentration
trends of the Gilbert damping in random ferromagnetic
alloys, such as the NiFe alloy with the face-centered cubic (fcc)
structure (Permalloy) \cite{r_2010_skb, r_2013_mkw} and Fe-based
alloys with the body-centered cubic (bcc) structure (FeCo, FeV,
FeSi). \cite{r_2011_emk, r_2011_bmr, r_2013_mkw}
Other studies addressed also the effects of doping the Permalloy
and bcc iron by $5d$ transition-metal elements \cite{r_2011_emk,
r_2012_as, r_2013_mkw} and of the degree of atomic long-range order
in equiconcentration FeNi and FePt alloys with the L1$_0$-type
structures. \cite{r_2012_as}
Recently, an application to halfmetallic Co-based Heusler alloys
has appeared as well. \cite{r_2015_as_b}
The obtained results revealed correlations of the damping parameter
with the density of states at the Fermi energy and with the
size of magnetic moments. \cite{r_2011_bmr, r_2013_mkw}

In a one-particle mean-field-like description of a ferromagnet,
the total spin is not conserved due to the XC field and the
SO interaction.
The currently employed forms of the torque operators $T_\mu$ in
the torque-correlation formula (\ref{eq_tcf}) reflect these two
sources; both the XC- and the SO-induced torques are local and
their equivalence for the theory of Gilbert damping has been
discussed by several authors. \cite{r_2009_gm_a, r_2009_gm_b,
r_2015_as_a}
In the case of random alloys, this equivalence rests on a proper
inclusion of vertex corrections in the configuration averaging
of the damping parameters $\alpha_{\mu\nu}$ as two-particle
quantities.

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce another
torque operator that can be used in the torque-correlation
formula (\ref{eq_tcf}) and to discuss its properties.
This operator is due to intersite electron hopping and it is
consequently nonlocal; in contrast to the local XC- and
SO-induced torques which are random in random crystalline alloys,
the nonlocal torque is nonrandom,
i.e., independent on the particular configuration
of a random alloy, which simplifies the
configuration averaging of Eq.~(\ref{eq_tcf}).
We show that a similar nonlocal effective torque appears in the
fully relativistic linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) method in the
atomic-sphere approximation (ASA) used recently for calculations
of the conductivity tensor in spin-polarized random alloys.
\cite{r_2012_tkd, r_2014_tkd}
Here we discuss theoretical aspects of the averaging in the
coherent-potential approximation (CPA) \cite{r_1969_bv, r_2006_ctk}
and illustrate the developed \emph{ab initio} scheme by applications
to selected binary alloys.
We also compare the obtained results with those of the LMTO-supercell
technique \cite{r_2010_skb} and with other CPA-based techniques, the
fully relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) method
\cite{r_2011_emk, r_2013_mkw} and the LMTO method with a simplified
treatment of the SO interaction. \cite{r_2012_as}

The paper is organized as follows.
The theoretical formalism is contained in Section \ref{s_form},
with a general discussion of various torque operators and results
of a simple tight-binding model presented in Section \ref{ss_tcf}.
The following Section \ref{ss_efft} describes the derivation of
the LMTO torque-correlation formula with nonlocal torques;
technical details are left to Appendix \ref{app_matrep} concerning
linear-response calculations with varying basis sets and to
Appendix \ref{app_tilt} regarding the LMTO method for systems
with a tilted magnetization direction.
Selected formal properties of the developed theory are discussed
in Section \ref{ss_prop}.
Applications of the developed formalism can be found
in Section \ref{s_illex}.
Details of numerical implementation are listed in
Section \ref{ss_ind} followed by illustrating examples for systems
of three different kinds: binary solid solutions of
$3d$ transition metals in Section \ref{ss_bss},
pure iron with a simple model of random potential fluctuations
in Section \ref{ss_fe},
and stoichiometric FePt alloys with a partial long-range order
in Section \ref{ss_fept}.
The main conclusions are summarized in Section \ref{s_conc}.

\section{Theoretical formalism\label{s_form}}

\subsection{Torque-correlation formula with
            alternative torque operators\label{ss_tcf}}

The torque operators $T_\mu$ entering the torque-correlation
formula (\ref{eq_tcf}) are closely related to components of
the time derivative of electron spin.
For spin-polarized systems described by means of an effective
Schr\"odinger-Pauli one-electron Hamiltonian $H$, acting on
two-component wave functions, the complete time derivative
of the spin operator is given by the commutation relation $t_\mu
= - {\rm i} [ \sigma_\mu / 2 , H ]$, where $\hbar = 1$ is assumed
and $\sigma_\mu$ ($\mu = x , y, z$) denote the Pauli spin matrices.
Let us write the Hamiltonian as $H = H^{\rm p} + H^{\rm xc}$,
where $H^{\rm p}$ includes all spin-independent terms and
the SO interaction (Hamiltonian of a paramagnetic system)
while $H^{\rm xc} = {\bf B}^{\rm xc} ({\bf r}) \cdot \bm{\sigma}$
denotes the XC term due to an effective magnetic field
${\bf B}^{\rm xc} ({\bf r})$.
The complete time derivative (spin torque) can then be written as
$t_\mu = t^{\rm so}_\mu + t^{\rm xc}_\mu$, where
\begin{equation}
t^{\rm so}_\mu = - {\rm i} [ \sigma_\mu / 2 , H^{\rm p} ] ,
\qquad
t^{\rm xc}_\mu = - {\rm i} [ \sigma_\mu / 2 , H^{\rm xc} ] .
\label{eq_tsoxc}
\end{equation}
As discussed, e.g., in Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2009_gm_a}, the use of
the complete torque $t_\mu$ in the torque-correlation
formula (\ref{eq_tcf}) leads identically to zero; the correct
Gilbert damping coefficients $\alpha_{\mu\nu}$ follow from
Eq.~(\ref{eq_tcf}) by using either the SO-induced torque
$t^{\rm so}_\mu$, or the XC-induced torque $t^{\rm xc}_\mu$.
Note that only transverse components (with respect to the easy
axis of the ferromagnet) of the vectors ${\bf t}^{\rm so}$ and
${\bf t}^{\rm xc}$ are needed for the relevant part of the
Gilbert damping tensor (\ref{eq_tcf}).

The equivalence of both torque operators (\ref{eq_tsoxc}) for the
Gilbert damping can be extended.
Let us consider a simple system described by a model tight-binding
Hamiltonian
$H$, written now as $H = H^{\rm loc} + H^{\rm nl}$, where the first
term $H^{\rm loc}$ is a lattice sum of local atomic-like terms and
the nonlocal second term $H^{\rm nl}$ includes all intersite hopping
matrix elements.
Let us assume that all effects of the SO interaction and XC fields
are contained in the local term $H^{\rm loc}$, so that the hopping
elements are spin-independent and $[ \sigma_\mu , H^{\rm nl} ] = 0$.
(Note that this assumption, often used in model
studies, is satisfied only approximatively in real ferromagnets with
different widths of the majority and minority spin bands.)
Let us write explicitly $H^{\rm loc} =
\sum_{\bf R} ( H^{\rm p}_{\bf R} + H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R} )$, where
${\bf R}$ labels the lattice sites and where $H^{\rm p}_{\bf R}$
comprises the spin-independent part and the SO interaction of the
${\bf R}$th atomic potential while $H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R}$ is due to
the local XC field of the ${\bf R}$th atom.
The operators $H^{\rm p}_{\bf R}$ and $H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R}$ act only
in the subspace of the ${\bf R}$th site; the subspaces of different
sites are orthogonal to each other.
The total spin operator can be written as $\sigma_\mu /2 = (1/2)
\sum_{\bf R} \sigma_{{\bf R} \mu}$, where the local operator
$\sigma_{{\bf R} \mu}$ is the projection of $\sigma_\mu$ on the
${\bf R}$th subspace.
Let us assume that each term $H^{\rm p}_{\bf R}$ is spherically
symmetric and that $H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R} = {\bf B}^{\rm xc}_{\bf R}
\cdot \bm{\sigma}_{\bf R}$, where the effective field
${\bf B}^{\rm xc}_{\bf R}$ of the ${\bf R}$th atom has a constant
size and direction.
Let us introduce local orbital-momentum operators $L_{{\bf R} \mu}$
and their counterparts including the spin, $J_{{\bf R} \mu} =
L_{{\bf R} \mu} + (\sigma_{{\bf R} \mu}/2)$,
which are generators of local infinitesimal rotations with respect
to the ${\bf R}$th lattice site, and let us define the corresponding
lattice sums $L_\mu = \sum_{\bf R} L_{{\bf R} \mu}$ and
$J_\mu = \sum_{\bf R} J_{{\bf R} \mu} = L_\mu + (\sigma_\mu/2)$.
Then the local terms $H^{\rm p}_{\bf R}$ and $H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R}$
satisfy, respectively, commutation rules
$[ J_{{\bf R} \mu} , H^{\rm p}_{\bf R} ] = 0$ and
$[ L_{{\bf R} \mu} , H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R} ] = 0$.
By using the above assumptions and definitions, the XC-induced spin
torque (\ref{eq_tsoxc}) due to the XC term $H^{\rm xc} = \sum_{\bf R}
H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R}$ can be reformulated as
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq_loct}
t^{\rm xc}_\mu & = & - {\rm i} \sum_{\bf R}
[ \sigma_{{\bf R} \mu} / 2 , H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R} ]
 = - {\rm i} \sum_{\bf R} [ J_{{\bf R} \mu} , H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R} ]
\altcn{ \nonumber\\ }{ \\ }
 & = & - {\rm i} \sum_{\bf R}
[ J_{{\bf R} \mu} , H^{\rm p}_{\bf R} + H^{\rm xc}_{\bf R} ]
 = - {\rm i} [ J_\mu , H^{\rm loc} ]
\equiv t^{\rm loc}_\mu .
\altcn{ }{ \nonumber }
\end{eqnarray}
The last commutator defines a local torque operator $t^{\rm loc}_\mu$
due to the local part of the Hamiltonian $H^{\rm loc}$ and the
operator $J_\mu$, in contrast to the spin operator $\sigma_\mu/2$ in
Eq.~(\ref{eq_tsoxc}).
Let us define the complementary nonlocal torque $t^{\rm nl}_\mu$ due
to the nonlocal part of the Hamiltonian $H^{\rm nl}$, namely,
\begin{equation}
t^{\rm nl}_\mu = - {\rm i} [ J_\mu , H^{\rm nl} ]
= - {\rm i} [ L_\mu , H^{\rm nl} ] ,
\label{eq_nlt}
\end{equation}
and let us employ the fact that the complete time derivative of
the operator $J_\mu$, i.e., the torque $\tilde{t}_\mu =
- {\rm i} [ J_\mu , H ] = t^{\rm loc}_\mu + t^{\rm nl}_\mu$, leads
identically to zero when used in Eq.~(\ref{eq_tcf}).
This fact implies that the Gilbert damping parameters can be also
obtained from the torque-correlation formula with the nonlocal
torques $t^{\rm nl}_\mu$.
These torques are equivalent to the original
spin-dependent local XC- or SO-induced torques; however,
the derived nonlocal torques are spin-independent, so that
commutation rules $[ t^{\rm nl}_\mu , \sigma_\nu ] = 0$ are
satisfied.

In order to see the effect of different forms of the torque
operators, Eqs.~(\ref{eq_tsoxc}) and (\ref{eq_nlt}), we have
studied a tight-binding model of $p$-orbitals on a simple cubic
lattice with the ground-state magnetization along $z$ axis.
The local (atomic-like) terms of the Hamiltonian are specified
by the XC term $b\sigma_{{\bf R}z}$ and the SO term
$\xi {\bf L}_{\bf R} \cdot \bm{\sigma}_{\bf R}$, which are added
to a random spin-independent $p$-level at energy $\epsilon_0 +
D_{\bf R}$, where $\epsilon_0$ denotes the nonrandom center of
the $p$-band while the random parts $D_{\bf R}$ satisfy
configuration averages $\langle D_{\bf R} \rangle = 0$ and
$\langle D_{{\bf R}'} D_{\bf R} \rangle = \gamma
\delta_{{\bf R}' {\bf R}}$ with the disorder strength $\gamma$.
The spin-independent nonlocal (hopping) part of the Hamiltonian
has been confined to nonrandom nearest-neighbor hoppings
parametrized by two quantities, $W_1$ ($pp\sigma$ hopping) and
$W'_1$ ($pp\pi$ hopping), see, e.g., page 36 of
Ref.~\onlinecite{r_1992_ag}.
The particular values have been set to $b=0.3$, $\xi=0.2$,
$E_{\rm F} - \epsilon_0 = 0.1$, $\gamma=0.05$, $W_1 = 0.3$ and
$W'_1=-0.1$ (the hoppings were chosen such that the band edges
for $\epsilon_0=b=\xi=\gamma=0$ are $\pm 1$).
The configuration average of the propagators
$\langle G_\pm \rangle = \bar{G}_\pm$ and of the torque
correlation (\ref{eq_tcf}) was performed in the self-consistent
Born approximation (SCBA) including the vertex corrections.
Since all three torques, Eqs.~(\ref{eq_tsoxc}) and (\ref{eq_nlt}),
are nonrandom operators in our model, the only relevant component
of the Gilbert damping tensor, namely $\alpha_{xx} = \alpha_{yy}
= \alpha$, could be unambiguously decomposed in the coherent part
$\alpha^{\rm coh}$ and the incoherent part
$\alpha^{\rm vc}$ due to the vertex corrections.

\begin{figure}
\altcn{ \includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{fig_s1} }%
{ \includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{fig_s1} }
\caption{(Color online)
The torque correlation $\alpha/\alpha_0$, Eq.~(\ref{eq_tcf}),
in a tight-binding $p$-orbital model treated in the SCBA
as a function of the spin-orbit coupling $\xi$ (a) and
of the exchange field $b$ (b).
The full diamonds display the total torque correlation (tot)
and the open symbols denote the coherent contributions
$\alpha^{\rm coh}/\alpha_0$ calculated with
the SO-induced torque (coh-so), the XC-induced torque (coh-xc),
Eq.~(\ref{eq_tsoxc}), and the nonlocal torque (coh-nl),
Eq.~(\ref{eq_nlt}).
\label{f_scba}}
\end{figure}

The results are summarized in Fig.~\ref{f_scba} which displays the
torque correlation $\alpha/\alpha_0$ as a function of the
SO coupling $\xi$ (Fig.~\ref{f_scba}a) and the XC field $b$
(Fig.~\ref{f_scba}b).
The total value $\alpha = \alpha^{\rm coh} +
\alpha^{\rm vc}$ is identical for all three forms of the
torque operator, in contrast to the coherent parts
$\alpha^{\rm coh}$ which exhibit markedly different values
and trends as compared to each other and to the total $\alpha$.
This result is in line with conclusions drawn by the authors of
Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2009_gm_a, r_2009_gm_b, r_2015_as_a} proving
the importance of the vertex corrections for obtaining the same
Gilbert damping parameters from the SO- and XC-induced torques.
The only exception seems to be the case of the SO splitting much
weaker than the exchange splitting, where the vertex corrections
for the SO-induced torque can be safely neglected, see
Fig.~\ref{f_scba}a.
This situation, encountered in $3d$ transition metals and their
alloys, has been treated with the SO-induced torque on an
\emph{ab initio} level with neglected vertex corrections in
Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk}.
On the other hand, the use of the XC-induced torque calls for
a proper evaluation of the vertex corrections; their neglect
leads to quantitatively and physically incorrect results as
documented by recent first-principles studies.
\cite{r_2011_emk, r_2013_mkw}
The vertex corrections are indispensable also for the nonlocal
torque, in particular for correct vanishing of the total torque
correlation both in the nonrelativistic limit ($\xi \to 0$,
Fig.~\ref{f_scba}a) and in the nonmagnetic limit ($b \to 0$,
Fig.~\ref{f_scba}b).

Finally, let us discuss briefly the general equivalence of the
SO- and XC-induced spin torques, Eq.~(\ref{eq_tsoxc}), in the
fully relativistic four-component Dirac formalism. \cite{r_2005_zhs,
r_2011_ekm}
The Kohn-Sham-Dirac Hamiltonian can be written as $H = H^{\rm p}
+ H^{\rm xc}$, where $H^{\rm p} = c \bm{\alpha} \cdot {\bf p}
+ mc^2 \beta + V ({\bf r})$ and $H^{\rm xc} =
{\bf B}^{\rm xc} ({\bf r}) \cdot \beta \bm{\Sigma}$, where
$c$ is the speed of light, $m$ denotes the electron mass,
${\bf p} = \{ p_\mu \}$ refers to the momentum operator,
$V ({\bf r})$ is the spin-independent part of the effective
potential and the $\bm{\alpha} = \{ \alpha_\mu \}$, $\beta$ and
$\bm{\Sigma} = \{ \Sigma_\mu \}$ are the well-known $4 \times 4$
matrices of the Dirac theory. \cite{r_1961_mer, r_1998_ps}
Then the XC-induced torque is ${\bf t}^{\rm xc} =
{\bf B}^{\rm xc} ({\bf r}) \times \beta \bm{\Sigma}$, which is
currently used in the KKR theory of the Gilbert damping.
\cite{r_2011_emk, r_2013_mkw}
The SO-induced torque is ${\bf t}^{\rm so} = {\bf p} \times
c \bm{\alpha}$, i.e., it is given directly by the relativistic
momentum (${\bf p}$) and velocity ($c \bm{\alpha}$) operators.
One can see that the torque ${\bf t}^{\rm so}$ is local but
independent of the particular system studied.
A comparison of both alternatives, concerning the total damping
parameters as well as their coherent and incoherent parts, would be
desirable; however, this task is beyond the scope of the present
study.

\subsection{Effective torques in the LMTO method\label{ss_efft}}

In our \emph{ab initio} approach to the Gilbert damping, we
employ the torque-correlation formula (\ref{eq_tcf}) with torques
derived from the XC field. \cite{r_2009_gm_a, r_2011_emk,
r_2013_mkw}
The torque operators are constructed by considering infinitesimal
deviations of the direction of the XC field of the ferromagnet from
its equilibrium orientation, taken as a reference state.
These deviations result from rotations by small angles around axes
perpendicular to the equilibrium direction of the XC field;
components of the torque operator are then given as derivatives
of the one-particle Hamiltonian with respect to the rotation
angles. \cite{r_2009_ct}

For practical evaluation of Eq.~(\ref{eq_tcf}) in an \emph{ab initio}
technique (such as the LMTO method), one has to consider a matrix
representation of all operators in a suitable orthonormal basis.
The most efficient techniques of the electronic structure theory
require typically basis vectors tailored to the system studied;
in the present context, this leads naturally to basis sets depending
on the angular variables needed to define the torque operators.
Evaluation of the torque correlation using angle-dependent bases
is discussed in Appendix \ref{app_matrep}, where we prove that
Eq.~(\ref{eq_tcf}) can be calculated solely from the matrix elements
of the Hamiltonian and their angular derivatives, see
Eq.~(\ref{eq_app_alfafin}), whereas the angular dependence of the
basis vectors does not contribute directly to the final result.

The relativistic LMTO-ASA Hamiltonian matrix for the reference
system in the orthogonal LMTO representation is given by
\cite{r_1991_slg, r_1996_sdk, r_1997_tdk}
\begin{equation}
H = C + (\sqrt{\Delta})^+ S ( 1 - \gamma S )^{-1} \sqrt{\Delta} ,
\label{eq_hlmto}
\end{equation}
where the $C$, $\sqrt{\Delta}$ and $\gamma$ denote site-diagonal
matrices of the standard LMTO potential parameters and $S$ is
the matrix of canonical structure constants.
The change of the Hamiltonian matrix $H$ due to a uniform rotation
of the XC field is treated in Appendix \ref{app_tilt};
it is summarized for finite rotations in Eq.~(\ref{eq_app_hortf})
and for angular derivatives of $H$ in Eqs.~(\ref{eq_app_dhdt})
and (\ref{eq_app_dhdto}).
The resolvent $G(z) = (z-H)^{-1}$ of the LMTO Hamiltonian
(\ref{eq_hlmto}) for complex energies $z$ can be expressed
using the auxiliary resolvent $g(z) = [ P(z) - S ]^{-1}$,
which represents an LMTO-counterpart of the scattering-path
operator matrix of the KKR method. \cite{r_2005_zhs, r_2011_ekm}
The symbol $P(z)$ denotes the site-diagonal matrix of potential
functions; their analytic dependence on $z$ and on the potential
parameters can be found elsewhere. \cite{r_1991_slg, r_2012_tkd}
The relation between both resolvents leads to the formula
\cite{r_2014_tkd}
\begin{equation}
G_+ - G_- = F ( g_+ - g_- ) F^+ ,
\label{eq_gg}
\end{equation}
where the same abbreviation $F = (\sqrt{\Delta})^{-1}
(1 - \gamma S)$ as in Eq.~(\ref{eq_app_dhdt}) was used and
$g_\pm = g(E_{\rm F} \pm {\rm i}0)$ .

The torque-correlation formula (\ref{eq_tcf}) in the LMTO-ASA method
follows directly from relations (\ref{eq_app_alfafin}),
(\ref{eq_app_dhdt}), (\ref{eq_app_dhdto}) and (\ref{eq_gg}).
The components of the Gilbert damping tensor $\{ \alpha_{\mu\nu} \}$
in the LLG equation (\ref{eq_llg}) can be obtained from a basic
tensor $\{ {\tilde \alpha}_{\mu\nu} \}$ given by
\begin{equation}
{\tilde \alpha}_{\mu\nu} = - \alpha_0 \, {\rm Tr} \{
\tau_\mu ( g_+ - g_- ) \tau_\nu ( g_+ - g_- ) \} ,
\label{eq_talpha}
\end{equation}
where the quantities
\begin{equation}
\tau_\mu = - {\rm i} [ {\cal J}^\mu , S ]
         = - {\rm i} [ {\cal L}^\mu , S ]
\label{eq_efftq}
\end{equation}
define components of an effective torque in the LMTO-ASA method.
The site-diagonal matrices ${\cal J}^\mu$ and ${\cal L}^\mu$
($\mu = x , y , z$) are Cartesian components of the total and
orbital angular momentum operator, respectively, see text around
Eqs.~(\ref{eq_app_dhdt}) and (\ref{eq_app_dhdto}).
The trace in (\ref{eq_talpha}) extends over all orbitals of the
crystalline solid and the prefactor can be written as $\alpha_0
= (2\pi M_{\rm spin})^{-1}$, where $M_{\rm spin}$ denotes
the spin magnetic moment of the whole crystal in units of the
Bohr magneton $\mu_{\rm B}$. \cite{r_2009_gm_a, r_2011_emk,
r_2013_mkw}

Let us discuss properties of the effective torque (\ref{eq_efftq}).
Its form is obviously identical to the nonlocal torque
(\ref{eq_nlt}).
The matrix $\tau_\mu$ is non-site-diagonal, but---for a random
substitutional alloy on a nonrandom lattice---it is nonrandom
(independent on the alloy configuration).
Moreover, it is given by a commutator of the site-diagonal
nonrandom matrix ${\cal J}^\mu$ (or ${\cal L}^\mu$) and the LMTO
structure-constant matrix $S$.
These properties point to a close analogy between the effective
torque and the effective velocities in the LMTO conductivity tensor
based on a concept of intersite electron hopping.
\cite{r_2002_tkd, r_2012_tkd, r_2014_tkd}
Let us mention that existing \emph{ab initio} approaches employ
random torques, either the XC-induced torque in the KKR method
\cite{r_2011_emk, r_2013_mkw} or the SO-induced torque in the LMTO
method. \cite{r_2012_as}
Another interesting property of the effective torque $\tau_\mu$
(\ref{eq_efftq}) is its spin-independence which follows from the
spin-independence of the matrices ${\cal L}^\mu$ and $S$.

The explicit relation between the symmetric tensors
$\{ \alpha_{\mu\nu} \}$ and $\{ {\tilde \alpha}_{\mu\nu} \}$
can be easily formulated for the ground-state magnetization along
$z$ axis; then it is given simply by
$\alpha_{xx} = {\tilde \alpha}_{yy}$,
$\alpha_{yy} = {\tilde \alpha}_{xx}$,
and $\alpha_{xy} = - {\tilde \alpha}_{xy}$.
These relations reflect the fact that an infinitesimal deviation
towards $x$ axis results from an infinitesimal rotation of the
magnetization vector around $y$ axis and vice versa.
Note that the other components of the Gilbert damping tensor
($\alpha_{\mu z}$ for $\mu =  x, y, z$) are not relevant for the
dynamics of small deviations of magnetization direction described
by the LLG equation (\ref{eq_llg}).
For the ground-state magnetization pointing along a general
unit vector ${\bf m} = ( m_x , m_y , m_z )$, one has to employ the
Levi-Civita symbol $\epsilon_{\mu\nu\lambda}$ in order to get the
Gilbert damping tensor $\underline{\bm{\alpha}}$ as
\begin{equation}
\alpha_{\mu\nu} = \sum_{\mu' \nu'}
\eta_{\mu \mu'} \eta_{\nu \nu'} {\tilde \alpha}_{\mu' \nu' } ,
\label{eq_altal}
\end{equation}
where
$\eta_{\mu \nu} = \sum_\lambda \epsilon_{\mu\nu\lambda} m_\lambda$.
The resulting tensor $(\ref{eq_altal})$ satisfies the condition
$\underline{\bm{\alpha}} \cdot {\bf m} = 0$ appropriate for
the dynamics of small transverse deviations of magnetization.

The application to random alloys requires configuration averaging
of ${\tilde \alpha}_{\mu\nu}$ (\ref{eq_talpha}).
Since the effective torques $\tau_\mu$ are nonrandom, one can
write a unique decomposition of the average into the coherent
and incoherent parts, ${\tilde \alpha}_{\mu\nu} = {\tilde
\alpha}^{\rm coh}_{\mu\nu} + {\tilde \alpha}^{\rm vc}_{\mu\nu}$,
where the coherent part is expressed by means of the averaged
auxiliary resolvents ${\bar g}_\pm = \langle g_\pm \rangle$ as
\begin{equation}
{\tilde \alpha}^{\rm coh}_{\mu\nu} = - \alpha_0 {\rm Tr} \{
\tau_\mu ( {\bar g}_+ - {\bar g}_- )
\tau_\nu ( {\bar g}_+ - {\bar g}_- ) \}
\label{eq_talpha_coh}
\end{equation}
and the incoherent part (vertex corrections) is given as
a sum of four terms, namely,
\begin{equation}
{\tilde \alpha}^{\rm vc}_{\mu\nu} = - \alpha_0
\sum_{p = \pm} \sum_{q = \pm} {\rm sgn} (pq) {\rm Tr} \langle
\tau_\mu g_p \tau_\nu g_q \rangle_{\rm vc} .
\label{eq_talpha_vc}
\end{equation}
In this work, the configuration averaging has been done in the CPA.
Details concerning the averaged resolvents can be found, e.g.,
in Ref.~\onlinecite{r_1997_tdk} and the construction of the vertex
corrections for transport properties was described in Appendix to
Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2006_ctk}.

\subsection{Properties of the LMTO torque-correlation
            formula\label{ss_prop}}

The damping tensor (\ref{eq_talpha}) has been formulated in the
canonical LMTO representation.
In the numerical implementation, the well-known transformation
to a tight-binding (TB) LMTO representation \cite{r_1984_aj,
r_1986_apj} is advantageous.
The TB-LMTO representation is specified by a diagonal
matrix $\beta$ of spin-independent screening constants
($\beta_{{\bf R}' \ell' m' s', {\bf R} \ell m s}
= \delta_{{\bf R}' {\bf R}} \delta_{\ell' \ell} \delta_{m' m}
\delta_{s' s} \beta_{{\bf R}\ell}$ in a nonrelativistic basis)
and the transformation of all quantities between both LMTO
representations has been discussed in the literature for pure
crystals \cite{r_1986_apj} as well as for random alloys.
\cite{r_1997_tdk, r_2000_tkd, r_2014_tkd}
The same techniques can be used in the present case together with
an obvious commutation rule
$[ {\cal J}^\mu , \beta ] = [ {\cal L}^\mu , \beta ] = 0$.
Consequently, the conclusions drawn are the same as for the
conductivity tensor: \cite{r_2014_tkd}
the total damping tensor (\ref{eq_talpha}) as
well as its coherent (\ref{eq_talpha_coh}) and incoherent
(\ref{eq_talpha_vc}) parts in the CPA are invariant with respect
to the choice of the LMTO representation.

It should be mentioned that the central result, namely the relations
(\ref{eq_talpha}) and (\ref{eq_efftq}), is not limited to the
LMTO theory, but it can be translated into the KKR theory as well,
similarly to the conductivity tensor in the formalism of intersite
hopping. \cite{r_2002_tkd}
The LMTO structure-constant matrix $S$ and the auxiliary Green's
function $g(z)$ will be then replaced respectively by the KKR
structure-constant matrix and by the scattering-path operator.
\cite{r_2005_zhs, r_2011_ekm}
Note, however, that the total (${\cal J}^\mu$) and orbital
(${\cal L}^\mu$) angular momentum operators in the effective
torques (\ref{eq_efftq}) will be represented by the same matrices
as in the LMTO theory.

Let us mention for completeness that the present LMTO-ASA theory
allows one to introduce effective local (but random) torques as well.
This is based on the fact that only the Fermi-level propagators
$g_\pm$ defined by the structure constant matrix $S$ and by the
potential functions at the Fermi energy, $P = P(E_{\rm F})$, enter
the zero-temperature expression for the damping tensor
${\tilde \alpha}_{\mu\nu}$ (\ref{eq_talpha}).
Since the equation of motion $(P - S) g_\pm = 1$ implies immediately
$S ( g_+ - g_- ) = P ( g_+ - g_- )$ and, similarly,
$( g_+ - g_- ) S = ( g_+ - g_- ) P$, one can obviously replace the
nonlocal torques $\tau_\mu$ (\ref{eq_efftq}) in the
torque-correlation formula (\ref{eq_talpha}) by their local
counterparts
\begin{equation}
\tau^{\rm xc}_\mu = {\rm i} [ P , {\cal J}^\mu ] , \qquad
\tau^{\rm so}_\mu = {\rm i} [ P , {\cal L}^\mu ] .
\label{eq_effloctq}
\end{equation}
These effective torques are represented by random, site-diagonal
matrices; the $\tau^{\rm xc}_\mu$ and $\tau^{\rm so}_\mu$
correspond, respectively, to the XC-induced torque used in the
KKR method \cite{r_2013_mkw} and to the SO-induced torque used
in the LMTO method with a simplified treatment of the
SO-interaction. \cite{r_2012_as}
In the case of random alloys treated in the CPA, the randomness
of the local torques (\ref{eq_effloctq}) calls for the approach
developed by Butler \cite{r_1985_whb} for the averaging of the
torque-correlation coefficient (\ref{eq_talpha}).
One can prove that the resulting damping parameters
${\tilde \alpha}_{\mu\nu}$ obtained in the CPA with the local and
nonlocal torques are fully equivalent to each other;
this equivalence rests heavily on a proper inclusion of the
vertex corrections \cite{r_sumagd} and it leads to further
important consequences.
First, the Gilbert damping tensor vanishes exactly for zero
SO interaction, which follows from the use of the SO-induced
torque $\tau^{\rm so}_\mu$ and from the obvious commutation rule
$[ P, {\cal L}^\mu ] = 0$ valid for the spherically symmetric
potential functions (in the absence of SO interaction).
This result is in agreement with the numerical study of the toy
model in Section~\ref{ss_tcf}, see Fig.~\ref{f_scba}a for $\xi = 0$.
On an \emph{ab initio} level, this property has been obtained
numerically both in the KKR method \cite{r_2013_mkw} and in the LMTO
method. \cite{r_2015_as_a}
Second, the XC- and SO-induced local torques (\ref{eq_effloctq})
within the CPA are exactly equivalent as well,
as has been indicated in a recent numerical study for a random
bcc Fe$_{50}$Co$_{50}$ alloy. \cite{r_2015_as_a}
In summary, the nonlocal torques (\ref{eq_efftq}) and both local
torques (\ref{eq_effloctq}) can be used as equivalent alternatives
in the torque-correlation formula (\ref{eq_talpha}) provided that
the vertex corrections are included consistently with the
CPA-averaging of the single-particle propagators.

\section{Illustrating examples\label{s_illex}}

\subsection{Implementation and numerical details\label{ss_ind}}

\begin{figure}
\altcn{ \includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{fig_s2} }%
{ \includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{fig_s2} }
\caption{The Gilbert damping parameters $\alpha$ of random fcc
Ni$_{80}$Fe$_{20}$ (full circles) and bcc Fe$_{80}$Co$_{20}$
(open squares) alloys as functions of the imaginary part of
energy $\varepsilon$.
The values of $\alpha$ for the Fe$_{80}$Co$_{20}$ alloy are
magnified by a factor of 10.
\label{f_alpeps}}
\end{figure}

The numerical implementation of the described theory and the
calculations have been done with similar tools as in our recent
studies of ground-state \cite{r_2012_tkc} and transport
\cite{r_2012_tkd, r_2014_tkd, r_2014_kdt} properties.
The ground-state magnetization was taken along $z$ axis and
the selfconsistent XC potentials were obtained in the local
spin-density approximation (LSDA) with parametrization
according to Ref.~\onlinecite{r_1980_vwn}.
The valence basis comprised $s$-, $p$-, and $d$-type orbitals and
the energy arguments for the propagators ${\bar g}_\pm$ and the
CPA-vertex corrections were obtained by adding a tiny imaginary
part $\pm \varepsilon$ to the real Fermi energy.
We have found that the dependence of the Gilbert damping parameter
on $\varepsilon$ is quite smooth and that the value of $\varepsilon
 = 10^{-6}$ Ry is sufficient for the studied systems, see
Fig.~\ref{f_alpeps} for an illustration.
Similar smooth dependences have been obtained also for other
investigated alloys, such as Permalloy doped by $5d$ elements,
Heusler alloys, and stoichiometric FePt alloys with a partial
atomic long-range order.
In all studied cases, the number $N$ of ${\bf k}$ vectors needed
for reliable averaging over the Brillouin zone (BZ) was properly
checked; as a rule, $N \sim 10^8$ in the full BZ was sufficient
for most systems, but for diluted alloys (a few percent of
impurities), $N \sim 10^9$ had to be taken.

\begin{figure}
\altcn{ \includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{fig_s3} }%
{ \includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{fig_s3} }
\caption{(Color online)
The calculated concentration dependences of the Gilbert damping
parameter $\alpha$ for random fcc NiFe (a) and bcc FeCo (b) alloys.
The results of this work are marked by the full diamonds, whereas
the open circles depict the results of other approaches: the LMTO
supercell (LMTO-SC) technique \cite{r_2010_skb} and the KKR-CPA
method. \cite{r_2013_mkw}
\label{f_conc}}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Binary fcc and bcc solid solutions\label{ss_bss}}

The developed theory has been applied to random binary alloys
of $3d$ transition elements Fe, Co, and Ni, namely, to
the fcc NiFe and bcc FeCo alloys.
The most important results, including a comparison to other
existing \emph{ab initio} techniques, are summarized in
Fig.~\ref{f_conc}.
One can see a good agreement of the calculated concentration
trends of the Gilbert damping parameter $\alpha = \alpha_{xx}
= \alpha_{yy}$ with the results of an LMTO-supercell approach
\cite{r_2010_skb} and of the KKR-CPA method. \cite{r_2013_mkw}
The decrease of $\alpha$ with increasing Fe content in the
concentrated NiFe alloys can be related to the increasing
alloy magnetization \cite{r_2010_skb} and to the decreasing
strength of the SO-interaction, \cite{r_2012_as} whereas the
behavior in the dilute limit can be explained by intraband
scattering due to Fe impurities. \cite{r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk,
r_2008_gis}
In the case of the FeCo system, the minimum of $\alpha$ around
20\% Co, which is also observed in room-temperature experiments,
\cite{r_2006_owy, r_1995_spf} is related primarily to a similar
concentration trend of the density of states at the Fermi
energy, \cite{r_2013_mkw} though the maximum of the magnetization
at roughly the same alloy composition \cite{r_1994_tkd} might
partly contribute as well.

\begin{table}
\caption{Comparison of the Gilbert damping parameter $\alpha$
for the fcc Ni$_{80}$Fe$_{20}$ random alloy (Permalloy)
calculated by the present approach and by other techniques
using the CPA or supercells (SC).
The last column displays the coherent part $\alpha^{\rm coh}$
of the total damping parameter according to
Eq.~(\ref{eq_talpha_coh}).
The experimental value corresponds to room temperature.
\label{t_alppm}}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
Method & $\alpha$ & $\alpha^{\rm coh}$ \\
\hline
This work, $\varepsilon = 10^{-5}$ Ry & $4.9\times 10^{-3}$ & 1.76 \\
This work, $\varepsilon = 10^{-6}$ Ry & $3.9\times 10^{-3}$ & 1.76 \\
KKR-CPA\footnote{Reference \onlinecite{r_2013_mkw}.} &
                                        $4.2\times 10^{-3}$ & \\
LMTO-CPA\footnote{Reference \onlinecite{r_2012_as}.} &
                                        $3.5\times 10^{-3}$ & \\
LMTO-SC\footnote{Reference \onlinecite{r_2010_skb}.} &
                                        $4.6\times 10^{-3}$ & \\
Experiment\footnote{Reference \onlinecite{r_2006_owy}.} &
                                        $8\times 10^{-3}$ & \\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

A more detailed comparison of all \emph{ab initio} results is
presented in Table~\ref{t_alppm} for the fcc Ni$_{80}$Fe$_{20}$
random alloy (Permalloy).
The differences in the values of $\alpha$ from the different
techniques can be ascribed to various theoretical features and
numerical details employed, such as the simplified treatment of
the SO-interaction in Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2012_as} instead of the
fully relativistic description, or the use of supercells in
Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2010_skb} instead of the CPA.
Taking into account that calculated residual resistivities for
this alloy span a wide interval between 2~$\mu\Omega$cm,
see Ref.~\onlinecite{r_1997_bev, r_2012_tkd},
and 3.5~$\mu\Omega$cm, see Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2010_skb},
one can consider the scatter of the calculated values of $\alpha$
in Table~\ref{t_alppm} as little important.
The theoretical values of $\alpha$ are smaller systematically than
the measured values, typically by a factor of two.
This discrepancy might be partly due to the effects of finite
temperatures as well as due to additional structural defects of
real samples.

A closer look at the theoretical results reveals that the total
damping parameters $\alpha$ are appreciably smaller than the
magnitudes of their coherent and vertex parts, see
Table~\ref{t_alppm} for the case of Permalloy.
This is in agreement with the results of the model study in
Section \ref{ss_tcf}; similar conclusions about the importance
of the vertex corrections have been done with the XC-induced
torques in other CPA-based studies.  \cite{r_2011_emk, r_2013_mkw,
r_2015_as_a}
The present results prove that this unpleasant feature of the
nonlocal torques does not represent a serious obstacle in
obtaining reliable values of the Gilbert damping parameter
in random alloys.
We note that the vertex corrections can be negligible in approaches
employing the SO-induced torques, at least for systems with the
SO splittings much weaker than the XC splittings, \cite{r_2007_vk}
such as the binary ferromagnetic alloys of $3d$ transition metals,
\cite{r_2015_as_a} see also Section \ref{ss_tcf}.

\subsection{Pure iron with a model disorder \label{ss_fe}}

\begin{figure}
\altcn{ \includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{fig_s4} }%
{ \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig_s4} }
\caption{(Color online)
The calculated Gilbert damping parameter $\alpha$ (full squares)
and the residual resistivity $\rho$ (open circles) of pure bcc
iron as functions of $\delta^2$, where $\delta$ is the strength
of a model atomic-level disorder.
\label{f_fe}}
\end{figure}

As it has been mentioned in Section~\ref{s_intr}, the Gilbert
damping of pure ferromagnetic metals exhibits non-trivial
temperature dependences, which have been reproduced by
means of \emph{ab initio} techniques with various levels of
sophistication.
\cite{r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk, r_2011_lsy, r_2015_emc}
In this study, we have simulated the effect of finite temperatures
by introducing static fluctuations of the one-particle potential.
The adopted model of atomic-level disorder assumes that random
spin-independent shifts $\pm \delta$, constant inside each atomic
sphere and occurring with probabilities 50\% of both signs, are
added to the nonrandom selfconsistent potential obtained at zero
temperature.
The Fermi energy is kept frozen, equal to its selfconsistent
zero-temperature value.
This model can be easily treated in the CPA; the resulting Gilbert
damping parameter $\alpha$ of pure bcc Fe as a function of the
potential shift $\delta$ is plotted in Fig.~\ref{f_fe}.

The calculated dependence $\alpha(\delta)$ is nonmonotonic, with
a minimum at $\delta \approx 30$~mRy.
This trend is in a qualitative agreement with trends reported
previously by other authors, who employed phenomenological models
of the electron lifetime \cite{r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk} as well as
models for phonons and magnons. \cite{r_2011_lsy, r_2015_emc}
The origin of the nonmonotonic dependence $\alpha(\delta)$ has
been identified on the basis of the band structure of the
ferromagnetic system as an interplay between the intraband
contributions to $\alpha$, dominating for small values of $\delta$,
and the interband contributions, dominating for large values of
$\delta$. \cite{r_2004_sjl, r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk}
Since the present CPA-based approach does not use any bands, we
cannot perform a similar analysis.

The obtained minimum value of the Gilbert damping,
$\alpha_{\rm min} \approx 10^{-3}$ (Fig.~\ref{f_fe}), agrees
reasonably well with the values obtained by the authors of
Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk, r_2011_lsy, r_2015_emc}.
This agreement indicates that the atomic-level disorder employed
here is equivalent to a phenomenological lifetime broadening.
For a rough quantitative estimation of the temperature effect,
one can employ the calculated resistivity $\rho$ of the model,
which increases essentially linearly with $\delta^2$, see
Fig.~\ref{f_fe}.
Since the metallic resistivity due to phonons increases linearly
with the temperature $T$ (for temperatures not much smaller than
the Debye temperature), one can assume a proportionality between
$\delta^2$ and $T$.
The resistivity of bcc iron at the Curie temperature $T_{\rm C} =
1044$ K due to lattice vibrations can be estimated around
35 $\mu\Omega$cm, \cite{r_2015_emc, r_1959_wm} which sets an
approximate temperature scale to the data plotted in
Fig.~\ref{f_fe}.
However, a more accurate description of the temperature
dependence of the Gilbert damping parameter cannot be obtained,
mainly due to the neglected true atomic displacements and the
noncollinearity of magnetic moments (magnons). \cite{r_2015_emc}

\subsection{FePt alloys with a partial long-range
            order \label{ss_fept}}

\begin{figure}
\altcn{ \includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{fig_s5} }%
{ \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig_s5} }
\caption{(Color online)
The calculated Gilbert damping parameter $\alpha$ (full squares)
and the total DOS (per formula unit) at the Fermi energy (open
circles) of stoichiometric L1$_0$ FePt alloys as functions of the
LRO parameter $S$.
\label{f_fept}}
\end{figure}

Since important ferromagnetic materials include ordered alloys,
we address here the Gilbert damping in stoichiometric FePt alloys
with L1$_0$ atomic long-range order (LRO).
Their transport properties \cite{r_2014_kdt} and the damping
parameter \cite{r_2012_as} have recently been studied by means of
the TB-LMTO method in dependence on a varying degree of the LRO.
These fcc-based systems contain two sublattices with respective
occupations Fe$_{1-y}$Pt$_y$ and Pt$_{1-y}$Fe$_y$
where $y$ ($0 \leq y \leq 0.5$) denotes the concentration
of antisite atoms.
The LRO parameter $S$ ($0 \leq S \leq 1$) is then defined as
$S = 1 - 2y$, so that $S = 0$ corresponds to the random
fcc alloy and $S = 1$ corresponds to the perfectly ordered
L1$_0$ structure.

The resulting Gilbert damping parameter is displayed in
Fig.~\ref{f_fept} as a function of $S$.
The obtained trend with a broad maximum at $S = 0$ and a
minimum around $S = 0.9$ agrees very well with the previous
result. \cite{r_2012_as}
The values of $\alpha$ in Fig.~\ref{f_fept} are about 10\% higher
than those in Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2012_as}, which can be ascribed
to the fully relativistic treatment in the present study in
contrast to a simplified treatment of the SO interaction in
Ref.~\onlinecite{r_2012_as}.
The Gilbert damping in the FePt alloys is an order of magnitude
stronger than in the alloys of $3d$ elements (Section \ref{ss_bss})
owing to the stronger SO interaction of Pt atoms.
The origin of the slow decrease of $\alpha$ with increasing $S$
(for $0 \leq S \leq 0.9$) can be explained by the decreasing
total density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy, see
Fig.~\ref{f_fept}, which represents an analogy to a similar
correlation observed, e.g., for bcc FeCo alloys. \cite{r_2013_mkw}

All calculated values of $\alpha$ shown in Fig.~\ref{f_fept},
corresponding to $0 \leq S \leq 0.985$, are appreciably smaller
than the measured one which amounts to $\alpha \approx 0.06$
reported for a thin L1$_0$ FePt epitaxial film. \cite{r_2011_mii}
The high measured value of $\alpha$ might be thus explained by the
present calculations by assuming a very small concentration
of antisites in the prepared films, which does not seem too
realistic.
Another potential source of the discrepancy lies in the thin-film
geometry used in the experiment.
Moreover, the divergence of $\alpha$ in the limit of $S \to 1$
(Fig.~\ref{f_fept}) illustrates a general shortcoming of approaches
based on the torque-correlation formula (\ref{eq_tcf}), since the
zero-temperature Gilbert damping parameter of a pure ferromagnet
should remain finite.
A correct treatment of this case, including the dilute limit of
random alloys (Fig.~\ref{f_conc}), must take into account the full
interacting susceptibility in the presence of SO
interaction. \cite{r_2009_gm_a, r_1972_kp}
Pilot \emph{ab initio} studies in this direction have recently
appeared for nonrandom systems; \cite{r_2015_ssb, r_2015_lss}
however, their extension to disordered systems goes far beyond
the scope of this work.

\section{Conclusions\label{s_conc}}

We have introduced nonlocal torques as an alternative to the usual
local torque operators entering the torque-correlation formula
for the Gilbert damping tensor.
Within the relativistic TB-LMTO-ASA method, this idea leads to
effective nonlocal torques as non-site-diagonal and spin-independent
matrices.
For substitutionally disordered alloys, the nonlocal torques are
nonrandom, which allows one to develop an internally consistent
theory in the CPA.
The CPA-vertex corrections proved indispensable for an exact
equivalence of the nonlocal nonrandom torques with their local
random counterparts.
The concept of the nonlocal torques is not limited to the LMTO
method and its formulation both in a semiempirical TB theory
and in the KKR theory is straightforward.

The numerical implementation and the results for binary solid
solutions show that the total Gilbert damping parameters from
the nonlocal torques are much smaller than magnitudes of the
coherent parts and of the vertex corrections.
Nevertheless, the total damping parameters for the studied
NiFe, FeCo and FePt alloys compare quantitatively very well
with results of other \emph{ab initio} techniques,
\cite{r_2010_skb, r_2012_as, r_2013_mkw}
which indicates a fair numerical stability of the developed
theory.

The performed numerical study of the Gilbert damping in pure bcc
iron as a function of an atomic-level disorder yields a
nonmonotonic dependence in a qualitative agreement with the trends
consisting of the conductivity-like and resistivity-like regions,
obtained from a phenomenological quasiparticle lifetime broadening
\cite{r_2004_sjl, r_2007_gis, r_2007_vk} or from the
temperature-induced frozen phonons \cite{r_2011_lsy, r_2013_mkw}
and magnons. \cite{r_2015_emc}
Future studies should clarify the applicability of the introduced
nonlocal torques to a full quantitative description of the
finite-temperature behavior as well as to other torque-related
phenomena, such as the spin-orbit torques due to applied electric
fields. \cite{r_2009_mz, r_2014_fbm}

\begin{acknowledgments}
The authors acknowledge financial support by the Czech Science
Foundation (Grant No.\ 15-13436S).
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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Two boys die in avalanche in Urals
Sat, 23 Feb 2008 16:22 UTC
Two boys have died in an avalanche in the Orenburg Region in the Urals, an emergencies ministry spokesman said on Friday.
Two boys aged 12 and 14, who were sledging down a snowy slope on home-made boards, were buried under a 2-meter (6.5 feet) layer of snow.
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who's the Cruelest Species of Them All?
Anneli Rufus
We are, of course, but a new book on animal cruelty will make your jaw drop about how vicious humans can be to other animals.
Panic after 'Franken-fish' that is deadlier than a piranha is caught in Britain
Jaya Narain
The Daily Mail (UK)
Tue, 19 Feb 2008 21:56 UTC
With its razor-sharp teeth, the fish known as the giant snakehead terrorises the warm waters of south-east Asia.
Which is why an angler was particularly startled to hook a 2ft specimen from a river in Lincolnshire.
Andrew Alder caught the snakehead using a sprat for bait while fishing for pike in the River Witham near North Hykeham.
©Daily Mail
Known as the 'gangster' of the fish world, a snakehead was caught in Lincolnshire
U.N. says world fisheries face collapse
Fri, 22 Feb 2008 22:32 UTC
Monaco - A deadly combination of climate change, over-fishing and pollution could cause the collapse of commercial fish stocks worldwide within decades, said Achim Steiner, head of the United Nations Environment Program.
Madagascar: Violence of Cyclone Ivan overwhelms careful preparations
irinnews.org
As initial assessments shed light on the extensive damage caused by Cyclone Ivan earlier this week, Madagascar is bracing itself for another onslaught as Cyclone Hondo picks up and heads for the island's east coast.
Ivan slammed into Madagascar's northeastern coast on Sunday, 18 February, with winds of up to 210km per hour, leaving a trail of destruction on its way across the island until it slowly diminished in strength and dissipated in the Mozambique Channel on Tuesday.
Ecuador extends floods emergency
©Associated Press
Residents ride on a make-shift raft in a flooded street in Puerto Inca, Ecuador.
Ecuador has extended a state of emergency to the entire nation after torrential rains triggered floods and mudslides across the country. The move eases access to $25m (£12.7m) in emergency funds for repairs.
Nearly a month of flooding has claimed at least three lives and forced thousands to flee their homes.
US: Northeast Hit by Major Winter Storm
A major winter storm struck the northeast Friday morning, with snowfall causing massive delays at airports, closing schools and snarling traffic on streets and highways in the region.
Snow started falling earlier than expected, before daybreak, with four inches measured at mid-morning in Manhattan's Central Park. A total of six to nine inches was expected before the snow is to change to sleet and rain in the afternoon.
©Unknown
Employees clearing snow in a commercial area in Queens.
Arrival delays of more than five hours were reported by the Federal Aviation Administration at Kennedy and Newark airports with a lesser delay of slightly more than three hours at La Guardia.
Record cold kills cattle and rice in Vietnam
The Earth Times
Wed, 13 Feb 2008 18:10 UTC
Record-setting cold weather has killed more than 8,000 cattle and 100,000 hectares of paddy rice in northern Vietnam since mid-January, officials said Tuesday. Most of the cattle have died in northern mountainous provinces, where temperatures during the month-long cold spell have sometimes dropped to below zero Celsius, a rarity in Vietnam.
Magnitude 6.3 Earthquake Hits Nevada
James Nelson & Mary Milliken
Thu, 21 Feb 2008 09:37 UTC
A magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck near the town of Wells in northeastern Nevada at dawn on Thursday, shaking residents in their beds and causing some damage, the U.S. Geological Survey and residents reported.
"It lasted about 10-15 seconds," area resident Susan Shaw told Reuters by telephone. "I live about 20 miles from Wells and it shook the whole house. It was scary but there was no major damage."
©REUTERS/Graphics
A 6.0 magnitude earthquake struck Nevada on Thursday, the U.S. Geological Survey reported.
Norway's biggest quake hits Svalbard archipelago
An earthquake of 6.2 magnitude -- the biggest in Norwegian history -- jolted the sparsely populated Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic on Wednesday night, the Norsar seismic research institute said on Thursday.
"This is the biggest earthquake on Norwegian territory in history," the institute said in a statement.
Ireland delaying funerals as 'mysterious' 20% spike in excess deaths puts mortuaries under pressure
Trials and Tribulations of the Collective West
Epic troll: Project Veritas mocks Pfizer with LED truck parked outside drug maker's NYC office following latest sting
Death wish: Lithuanian president urges NATO to cross more 'Russian red lines'
Durr... What a crock of shit! Are we really talking at this level?
tekdude
"The terrorist state of Russia is trying to draw them, using fear and threats." Wrong !! Russia doesn't use fear & threats, they are way more...
Who gives a shit about this oozing boil on the arse of the world, called "Britain?" [Link]
Lemuel Gulliver
Vaccine makers would update the annual shot through a process that would begin each spring to try to match the vaccine as closely as possible to...
Almost another covid casualty!!!


Spacious 6th-row ocean home in Palmetto Dunes with large *heated pool. This ranch-style 3 bedroom plus den, 4.5 bath home is just a 3-minute walk to the beach. The exterior was renovated in 2017. There is a den with a pocket door, a queen sleeper sofa, and full bath which can be a 4th bedroom. The den's game table is fun for kids and adults alike. The cozy living room is a perfect place to gather and is just 3 steps below the kitchen, dining area, and another family room! The kitchen has stainless steel appliances and beautiful granite counter tops. Use the slider door to access the outdoor living area that overlooks the pool. Enjoy a meal outside with views of the serene lagoon and golf course. Down a flight of stairs, the beautiful pool awaits you with brand new patio furniture. The king master suite offers an adjoining updated bathroom with tub, walk-in shower, and double vanities. There are also 2 queen suites, each with a full bath and tub/shower combination. This home is ideal for couples and families alike.
•	Private *heated pool (13 x 18) *This pool has a gas heater and can be heated for an additional fee of $575-$875 + tax per week depending on the season.
•	*Pools can be heated at an additional charge. This pool has a gas pool heater. The cost per week is $575-$1,000 (depending upon the season) to heat pool.


We would not be without this variety ! Flowers are produced between May-August and they are deeper coloured in sun. Blue eclipse is a far longer flowering alternative to an alpina. Grows to 5ft. Lightly prune back in late winter to early spring.


As a Financial Controller turned Product Consultant, Anna has developed a unique perspective when it comes to Tableau adoption. Coming from an Excel environment, she can fully relate to the difficulties many experience on their journey to use modern business intelligence (BI). With a background in supply chain management, she has an innate desire to optimize and automate reporting. She loves smart design and tries to apply it to bring simplicity to every complex business problem.


Check flight prices and hotel availability for your visit. Explore this iconic desert hideaway for your next escape. The la quinta inn suites santa barbara hotel is the perfect location for you to enjoy the sunny american riviera and the fabulous state street shopping area.
Contact us view a map and get directions to la quinta resort club.
La quinta california map. Escape to a luxury desert retreat with championship golf an award winning spa 41 pools and exquisite dining options. Halfway between los angeles and san diego our hotel has comfortable features in a convenient location near premier shopping golfing and wine tasting. La quinta is a resort city in riverside county california united states specifically in the coachella valley between indian wells and indio. Find hotels make reservations or join the la quinta returns hotel rewards program.
Learn where you can see what the proposed cameras can and cannot do by visiting city hall. Get your beauty sleep atop the plush bedding every room in our hotel features and wake up to a free bright side breakfast thatll really kick your california adventures into high gear. Share find out about the city wide camera pilot program. Need the city council agenda.
Get directions maps and traffic for la quinta ca. Its the ultimate palm springs getaway with space to relax and unwind and something fun for every member of the family. The population was 37467 at the 2010 census up from 23694 at the 2000 census. Set up base here for a memorable wine tasting trip or for pure relaxation as our hotel is a classy and comfortable place to stay whenever travel takes you to west central california.
La quinta inns and suites provides quality hotel accommodations for business and leisure travelers across the united states canada and mexico.


text:
The Great Days > News > Glenn Youngkin aims for tax cuts in next budget plan while navigating potential recession
Glenn Youngkin aims for tax cuts in next budget plan while navigating potential recession
Virginia Gov. Glenn Youngkin said he wants tax cuts in next year's budget proposal, though he will tread cautiously ahead of a possible economic downturn.
Mr. Youngkin, a Republican, emphasized he believes a recession is inevitable and his administration would be "very prudent in what we do" ahead of such circumstances.
"One of our key priorities is not to be in a circumstance where we get over our skis on either side of this — tax cuts or in spending," Mr. Youngkin told reporters this week.
Mr. Youngkin ran his campaign last year on a promise to slash taxes across the board, including for groceries and gas.
The governor has had mixed success working with a divided state legislature, which delivered $4 billion worth of tax cuts over the next two years, according to the Washington Post.
Republicans currently control the House of Delegates, while Democrats control the Senate. The newly minted tax cuts are estimated to reduce state revenues by about $50 million per month.
Mr. Youngkin was able to secure his signature plan to eliminate the state grocery tax, but failed to muster support to suspend the gas tax, which he vowed to do on the campaign trail.
Mr. Youngkin said Virginia is in a prime economic position, reaching reserves that state lawmakers thought were unattainable.
By the end of next year, Virginia's reserves will top $4 billion, or about 15% of the state's general fund.
However, the governor acknowledged the national landscape of the economy is dour.
"Generally, there is expectation that there will be a recession next year," Mr. Youngkin said. "We really all believe it will be a storm; we're just not sure whether it's a tropical storm or a hurricane-level storm."
Shirley Allen November 25, 2022
ATF accused of perverting laws in a scheme to shut down gun shops
[VIDEO] Car and Driver Drives the 2023 Corvette Z06 HTC, Calls it Best Vette Ever!


text:
package jp.gr.java_conf.kgd.library.cool.framework.event;

public interface IEventDispatcher
{
	boolean dispatchEvent(IEvent event);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Duxbury Man Indicted On Murder Charge In Connection With Fatal Water Incident
Beth Stone | September 24, 2021 November 9, 2021
BROCKTON – A man, formerly of Norwell residing in Colorado, has been indicted and charged with the murder of his father in Duxbury, Plymouth County District Attorney Timothy J. Cruz has announced.
Today, a Plymouth County Grand Jury returned an indictment charging Jack Callahan, 19, with one count of Murder.
At approximately 2 a.m. on June 28, 2021 Duxbury Police received a call to report that the defendant, Jack Callahan, 19, was acting erratically and his father, Scott Callahan, 57, was missing in the area of Island Creek Pond at Crocker Park. Duxbury Police responded to the Sampson Street residence and found Jack Callahan distraught and hyperventilating.
At approximately the same time, Duxbury Police and Fire personnel responded to Island Creek Pond at Crocker Park and located Scott Callahan submerged in the pond. EMS performed life-saving measures and he was transported to Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital-Plymouth, where he was pronounced dead.
Duxbury Police contacted Massachusetts State Police Detectives assigned to the Plymouth County District Attorney's Office and an investigation commenced. Today's indictment allege that Jack Callahan travelled to Boston to meet up and retrieve his father and return to Duxbury. The two took a ride-share vehicle home from Boston and after midnight on June 28, the ride-share dropped the two men off in the vicinity of Island Creek Pond at Crocker Park where a physical altercation took place between the father and son. Jack Callahan allegedly began submerging his father under the water several times claiming he was "baptizing" his father because he saw the "demon" in his eyes. Jack is alleged to have left his father floating in the pond.
The cause and manner of death is pending with the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. Preliminarily, the OCME reported that Scott Callahan had water-logged lungs, and an abrasion on his head.
Jack Callahan has been held without bail since his arraignment. He will be arraigned in Plymouth Superior Court at a later date.
Assistant District Attorney Shanan Buckingham is prosecuting the case, which was investigated by Massachusetts State Police assigned to the Plymouth County District Attorney's Office and Duxbury Police.


On 12th February 2013, I was honoured to participate in tasting of seven wines from the Hope Family Wines as presented by Méliza Jalbert, Export Director, who happens to be Canadian. Most wines are or will be appearing at LCBO Vintages as I indicate in the separate reviews. All seven wines were great, but my favourite goes to the Treana White followed by Liberty School Cabernet Sauvignon & Troublemaker. What's interesting is that Hope Wines have started to use a cross flow machine to filter their wines, which some suggest have improved the quality of their wines, and I am one who agrees with them.
Description: Bright gold in colour with a medium+ intense nose.
Positives: An excellent palate cleanser, and quite complex especially for a wine under $20. This wine starts off buttery, then goes to mineral, then to fruit and finishes off with mineral. The wine features mild toasted oak, lemon, butterscotch, granny apples, golden apple, apricot, peach and limestone. Medium to medium full body with good acidity and a fairly long length.
Interesting Point: Scheduled to be in Vintages 30 March 2013.
Drink now or over the next 2 years on its own or pair it with monkfish Saltimbocca.
Description: Medium+ ruby in colour with a medium+ intense nose.
Positives: It's a rare wine for being under $20 to have such complexity as this wine and to have both a beautiful nose and the taste is just as good. The wine features spiced oak, dark cherry, violets, plums, cinnamon, ripe tamarinds, cloves, blueberry, piped tobacco, Allspice and graphite. Medium body with medium+ tannins, good acidity and a long length. Nice to see the alcohol at 13.5%.
Interesting Point: In Vintages now. It's a Vintages Essentials.
Drink now or over the next 3-4 years on its own or pair it with grilled beef striploin in Bordelaise sauce.
Description: Medium+ ruby in colour with a medium to medium+ intensity on the nose.
Positives: An easy drinking wine featuring light oak, violets, black cherry, plums, pipe tobacco, blackberry, Allspice, white and black pepper, oyster mushrooms and cured meat. Medium body with medium to medium+ tannins, good acidity and a fairly long length.
Interesting Point: In Vintages now.
Drink now or over the next 2-3 years on its own or pair it with a lightly pepper dusted pork chop, soothed with balsamic blueberry reduction.
Description: Medium ruby in colour with medium intensity on the nose.
Positives: A lushus yet not jammy wine with a peppery nose that is followed on the taste with blueberry, plums, dark cherry, raisins and boysenberry. Medium body with medium to medium+ tannins, good acidity and a fairly long length.
Interesting Point: Scheduled to be released 30th March in Vintages. This wine is produced from multi-vintage years.
Drink now or over the next 2 years on its own or pair it with BBQ beef ribs.
Description: Medium to medium+ ruby in colour with medium+ intensity.
Positives: You're getting true value for your money in this wine. A delicious wine featuring oak, black cherry, plums, anise, black and white pepper, turmeric, graphite, pipe tobacco and sage. Medium body with medium+ tannins, good acidity and a long length.
Negatives: A little heat from the 15% alcohol.
Interesting Points: 1. Treana is Latin meaning the 3 elements of water, sun & soil. 2. I like the early Californian Spanish American label, and what's interesting Méliza reports that the British aren't too fancy about it. 3. In Vintages now.
Drink now or over the next 5 years on its own or pair it with a T-bone steak, medium rare.
Description: Deep gold in colour with a medium to medium+ intense nose.
Positives: This is the closest to a Condrieu without being one that I have tasted to date, and I love Condrieu, so it goes without saying why I made this my favourite wine of the tasting event. The wine is oily and smooth as silk, featuring light oak, Ylang Ylang, pineapple, macadamia nuts, lemon, East Indian mangos, peaches and white pepper.
Interesting Point: This is so good that I could easily drink two bottles in a night. In Vintages now and I'm slowly buying up the stock.
Drink now or over the next 5 years on its own or pair it with seared Chilean sea bass with roasted root vegetables.
Description: Medium+ ruby in colour with a medium intense nose.
Positives: This plush wine is smooth as silk and easy to drink featuring pine, cranberry, raspberry, white pepper, plums, blackberry and arugula. A beautiful nose to go with the taste. Medium body with medium+ tannins, good acidity and a long length.
Interesting Point: Troublemaker is named after Austin Hope for his youthful ventures. Made from multi-vintage years. Slated on Vintages panel, no release date yet.
Drink now on its own or over the next 3 years on its own or pair it with pistachio, hazelnut & pecan crusted Tatamagouche rack of lamb.


Vinyl fences require any protective paints or stain to keep it looking good. Some older vinyl fence products had issues with wear and tear because the product was recycled vinyl. Virgin vinyl is now the standard used in most new vinyl fence manufacturing so the vinyl is known to withstand UV rays as well as the harsh weather often seen in Calgary. Vinyl fence is more costly than cedar or pressure treated fence but many of our customers think its worth it due to the savings in paint and stain costs and the labor to apply the paint or stain. Vinyl fence comes in a variety of colors including Tan, Black, White, Woodgrain Grey, Woodgrain cedar and Woodgrain Mahogany. Unlike wood fences, vinyl fences posts are installed by installing a vinyl sleeve over steel posts. The posts are as sturdy as wood and will not warp like wood can often do. There are many options when it comes to vinyl fence including lattice, picket, man gates, standard gates, decorative posts, etc, etc. If you love the look of natural wood you likely won't be interested in vinyl fences but if you are a fan of low maintenance then vinyl fences might be a great choice for your next landscaping project.
Call us for a free estimate at 403-452-8552.


Today, the University of Nova Gorica got a visit from Japanese Ambassador to Slovenia, his Excellency, Masaharu Yoshida. Apart from the Ambassador, Yoshiaki Makino, the Head of the Department of the Economic and Political matters accompanied the Ambassador during this visit.
At the University of Nova Gorica's venue in Vipava, the Lanthieri Mansion, the guests were welcomed by the Rector of the University of Nova Gorica, Prof. Dr. Danilo Zavrtanik, the Vice-rector for Research and Arts, Prof. Dr. Gvido Bratina, and Prof. Dr. Samo Stanič, the Dean of the School of Science and the Head of the Center for Atmospheric Research.
After the initial presenting of the pedagogical and research activities of the University of Nova Gorica, the Ambassador was introduced to professional connections that the University of Nova Gorica has with Japanese academic and research institutions. At the same time, the talks also concerned the possibilities of further collaboration, also in the sphere of transferring the academic knowledge from the academic world into a more practical realm.
The Ambassador completed his visit by visiting the Wine Research Center at the Lanthieri Mansion, the Center for Atmospheric Research, the Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics, the Materials Research Laboratory, and the laboratory of Quantum Optics at the University's venue in Ajdovščina.
From left to right: Vice-rector for Research and Arts, Prof. Dr. Gvido Bratina, Dean of the School of Science and the Head of the Center for Atmospheric Research, Prof. Dr. Samo Stanič, Rector of the University of Nova Gorica, Prof. Dr. Danilo Zavrtanik and Japanese Ambassador to Slovenia, his Excellency, Masaharu Yoshida.
Visiting the Wine Research Center.


Meet LobeLog blogger, Mitchell Plitnick! As an ongoing feature of the TIPP Blog, we plan to share expert and insightful content from other blogs at the heart of the Israeli Palestinian relationship. Mitchell's LobeLog blog, The Third Way, is one we follow eagerly and we now want to share it with you.
Click HERE for Mitchell's recent post, Poll: Increasing Support In US For One-State Solution. Then check back often for links to new posts by Mitchell Plitnick.


text:
Atten Attenosity
He came up out of Mexico, mostly on foot, not really slithering around but always looking for a horse loose from its rider or a mountable wild horse, both with diversions working on them. All the time he was also mumbling new phrases of the new language area he was walking into.
But he immediately mumbled a quick statement, "Los países no difieren mucho si se los ve de cerca." And quickly hurried it into English, "Countries don't differ much if you look close."
"Got to use the language quicker," he adjudged, as though he could taste in his mouth the words just spoken.
"Hurry up, speed it up, pronto," all meant "move faster for your sake or my sake, we ain't got time to diddle, supper's waiting, or she's lookin' at you, stupid," the tone of voice to be heard at the outset if possible, including the changing faces of speakers, the angle of their shoulders, warnings of body music in the waning, each one a dead giveaway to a listener, a watcher.
His own music started with, and stayed with, his name, right from the very beginning, when he was told how his father had laid down his guitar and said, "Your name will always be Atten Attenosity, and that means from this day forward, here and anywhere, I so declare."
He added vocal elements of the names so declared, and they came with the music borne in them, and thus as law in the land all about him, the locals understanding the terms he was delivering, Mexico itself as pertinent as well as anywhere else where his son would tread.
The old man could have added, "puedo escuchar la música en ella," "I hear the music in it."
The humming came to his ears and his soul every opportunity, as when he sang "The cows run the valleys, the horses run the hills and when they run together the cowboys get their thrills," coming from his throat as, "Las vacas corren por los valles, los caballos corren por las colinas y cuando corren juntos, los vaqueros se emocionan."
It was soft, it was dreamy, the strings leading the way or coming along with him as he strummed them with sensitive fingers. Life, he knew, flowed from the smallest determination, the most secret declaration broadcast by a person.
He could have said, aloud for even the ghosts and the spirits to hear, "I want to be a cowboy," plainly and simply as "Quiero ser un vaquero."
When he was well across the border between Mexico and Texas of the new country, he met a trail boss who came to investigate the captivating music breaking up his random patrol at the beginning of a new day.
The trail boss's eyes studied the young Mexican, how the guitar reacted to his fingers, his soft voice making the morning suddenly pleasant for a non-musical man who couldn't find a note to put a brand on, never mind separating one from another by design or by demonstration. His father had said he was note blind, couldn't carry a note in a saddle bag on the longest day of the year.
"That sounds nice, son. Where you headed? What's your destination? You understand me and my language?"
"Yes, mister. I am Atten Attenosity, from Mexico down below and I want to be a vaquero, a cowboy, to play music when the day is done, when the fire is warm and the vaqueros want the songs of the day, for the day they have spent in the saddle." He added, as if explanation was needed, "My father taught me much of your language."
He flipped both hands in the air, which the trail boss, Burt Dikens, figured meant that all behind him was gone for him, his father and his father's country. He understood the loneliness, the yearning, the future and all its implications.
"Well, he did a good job of it, Atten Attenosity. My name is Burt Dikens, not so musical as you but you have a damned special way with you and that music, and I can use some of that. What else can you do?"
"Oh, sir, besides wanting to be a vaquero, I can cook anything that gets knocked down out here by a bullet, like a cow, a horse, a deer, a rabbit, anything big or small, and some with wings not faster than the bullet that chases them." His laughter was at his own images and the trail boss, his new employer, laughed with him.
The day had turned on itself already.
Atten Attenosity, the newcomer to the herd crew, had an initial hard time the very first day, name calling, inventory of nicknames, until that night when he picked up his guitar and began to play and sing some old western ballads every man of the lot knew. The session went hilariously well when he mixed in Spanish versions of those known melodies, and all of it a general acceptance on the part of the entire crew.
The second phase acceptance came in the morning after Dikens had introduced him as second cook in the crew and told him to get as busy as early as possible at his first shift at the fire, Atten already earlier at his first prepared meal on the job. He went into a whirling dervish as he spun about the fire with mostly on-hand canned supplies and some early found prairie eggs, a thick bread with a Mexican name, conchos, and the last of a cow 's beef allotment, also some salt pork stirred into beans and the found eggs. Coffee aroma filled the air.
The crew loved the new dash in the tasty meal, as one young cowboy in his early teens attested, "It's got some giddy-up in it for sure and we ain't had any of that Mex bread before, them there conchos. It's better than those sad biscuits left off from yesterday that Cookie's always threatening us with. No more of them. Besides, Atten hums them songs so good to hear about what kind of work us trail guys have to do, even before breakfast comes up. He knows us as good as we do ourselves, and somewhat better on this morning's bite and last night's singing."
Atten knew him as a youngster who spoke his mind when he had some words to say that might tickle some of them or set them on edge, being a harmless comic at it. He asked for his name.
"Brittle it is, bent, battered and broken, long before the fire's smokin'."
"You have the music too, so we might end up with a cowboy chorus, un coro de vaqueros."
The evening fire was lit before a match was struck, as it would be for more trail rides than he could count,
So, it is safe to say from this point, that the new cowboy was welcomed into a new country on his own talents and his musical name, and he arrived at trail's end in such places as Abilene, Dodge City, Wichita, Ogallala, Cheyenne and Chicago once in a while in his long journeys as a vaquero.
More than once, his voice, his songs, his trail music, arrived ahead of him.


The affiliation for the second author is incorrect. Aaron R. Wood is affiliated with #3 and with #6: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
The Funding section is incorrect. The correct funding information is: Funding for this project was provided by National Science Foundation Partnerships for International Research and Education grant #0966884; National Science Foundation Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship grant #1249920 to JVJ; and Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología en Innovación grant #APY-NI10-016A to CDG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


A fire ripped through a business with lots of flammable materials inside.
It was just after 4 p.m. Friday that crews responded to a fire at "Signs 4 U" near 140th and L Streets in Omaha.
No one was inside the building when it started, but a neighboring business called the fire department after seeing smoke.
Investigators aren't sure how the flames started, but do know it began in a room with lots of paint.
Crews were able to save most of the building.


text:
LAG-3 (human) monoclonal antibody (17B4)
Alternative Name: Lymphocyte activation gene-3, FDC protein, CD223
Clone: 17B4
Host: Mouse
Isotype: IgG1
Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to 30 aa (GPPAAAPGHPLAPGPHPAAPSSWGPRPRRY) from the first N-terminal D1 domain of human LAG-3 (lymphocyte activation gene-3).
Source: Purified from hybridoma tissue culture supernatant.
Specificity: Recognizes the 30 aa extra-loop of the first N-terminal D1 domain of LAG-3.
Applications: ICC, IHC (FS), IP, WB
Recommended Dilutions/Conditions: Immunohistochemistry (frozen sections, 1:150)
Western Blot (5µg/ml)
Immunoprecipitation (10µg/ml)
Suggested dilutions/conditions may not be available for all applications.
Optimal conditions must be determined individually for each application.
Purity Detail: Purified.
Formulation: Liquid. In PBS containing 10% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.
Use/Stability: Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored as recommended.
Handling: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Short Term Storage: +4°C
Scientific Background: The lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3, CD223), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) related to CD4, binds to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules but with higher affinity than CD4. Several alternative mRNA splice-variants of human LAG-3 have been described, two of them encoding potential secreted forms: LAG-3V1 (i.e. the D1-D2 domains of the protein, 36 kDa) and LAG-3V3 (D1-D3, 52 kDa). The longer form was detected by ELISA in the serum of healthy individuals as well as of tuberculosis patients with a favorable outcome. LAG-3 expression by T cell clones correlated with IFN-γ production, and hence soluble LAG-3 has been suggested as a serological marker of Th1 responses.
Western blot analysis of LAG-3 mAb (17B4) (Prod. No. ALX-804-806): Lane 1: MW marker, Lane 2: LAG-3 (human):Fc (human), (recombinant) (Prod. No. ALX-522-078).
Epigenomic-guided mass cytometry profiling reveals disease-specific features of exhausted CD8 T cells: B. Bengsch, et al.; Immunity 48, 1029 (2018), Abstract; Full Text
NK cell and IFN signatures are positive prognostic biomarkers for resectable pancreatic cancer: M. Hoshikawa, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 495, 2058 (2017), Abstract;
Psoriasis is characterized by deficient negative immune regulation compared to transient delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions: N. Gulati, et al.; F1000Res. 4, 149 (2015), Application(s): Immunohistochemistry, Abstract; Full Text
Specific Lymphocyte Subsets Predict Response to Adoptive Cell Therapy Using Expanded Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Metastatic Melanoma Patients: L.G. Radvanyi, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 18, 6758 (2012), Application(s): FC using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), Abstract; Full Text
Tumor-infiltrating NY-ESO-1–specific CD8+ T cells are negatively regulated by LAG-3 and PD-1 in human ovarian cancer: J. Matsuzaki, et al.; PNAS 107, 7875 (2010), Application(s): Blocking assays using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), Abstract; Full Text
Human lymphocyte activation gene-3 molecules expressed by activated T cells deliver costimulation signal for dendritic cell activation: C. Casati, et al.; J. Immunol. 180, 3782 (2008), Abstract;
Rapid Suppression of Cytokine Transcription in Human CD4+CD25– T Cells by CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells: Independence of IL-2 Consumption, TGF-β, and Various Inhibitors of TCR Signaling: N. Oberle, et al.; J. Immunol. 179, 3578 (2007), Application(s): Flow cytometry and blocking assays using human T-reg cells, Abstract; Full Text
A soluble lymphocyte activation gene-3 (sLAG-3) protein as a prognostic factor in human breast cancer expressing estrogen or progesterone receptors: F. Triebel, et al.; Cancer Lett. 235, 147 (2006), Abstract;
Immunotherapy of high-risk acute leukemia with a recipient (autologous) vaccine expressing transgenic human CD40L and IL-2 after chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation: R.F. Rousseau, et al.; Blood 107, 1332 (2006), Application(s): Flow cytometry using human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), Abstract; Full Text
Immunological mechanisms elicited at the tumour site by lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) versus IL-12: sharing a common Th1 anti-tumour immune pathway: E.D. Carlo, et al.; J. Pathol. 205, 82 (2005), Abstract;
Responses to Human CD40 Ligand/Human Interleukin-2 Autologous Cell Vaccine in Patients with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: E. Biagi, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 6916 (2005), Application(s): FC using human T-reg cells and blocking assays using human CD4+/CD8+ T cells, Abstract; Full Text
The negative regulatory function of the lymphocyte-activation gene-3 co-receptor (CD223) on human T cells: L. Macon-Lemaitre and F. Triebel; Immunology 115, 170 (2005), Abstract;
T Lymphocytes infiltrating various tumour types express the MHC class II ligand lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3): role of LAG-3/MHC class II interactions in cell-cell contacts: C.E. Demeure, et al.; Eur. J. Cancer 37, 1709 (2001), Abstract;
CD3/TCR complex-associated lymphocyte activation gene-3 molecules inhibit CD3/TCR signaling: S. Hannier, et al.; J. Immunol. 161, 4058 (1998), Abstract; Full Text
Characterization of the major histocompatibility complex class II binding site on LAG-3 protein: B. Huard, et al.; PNAS 94, 5744 (1997), Abstract; Full Text
Cellular expression and tissue distribution of the human LAG-3-encoded protein, an MHC class II ligand: B. Huard, et al.; Immunogenetics 39, 213 (1994), Abstract;
Characterization of the lymphocyte activation gene 3-encoded protein. A new ligand for human leukocyte antigen class II antigens: E. Baixeras, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 176, 327 (1992), Abstract; Full Text
LAG-3 (human) monoclonal antibody (17B4) (preservative free)
Purified from hybridoma tissue culture supernatant., Flow Cytometry, ICC, IHC (FS), IP, WB, FUNC | Print as PDF
ALX-804-806PF-C100 100 µg 492.00 USD
LAG-3 (human) monoclonal antibody (17B4) (biotin conjugate)
Purified from hybridoma tissue culture supernatant., ELISA, WB | Print as PDF
ALX-804-806B-C100 100 µg Biotin 526.00 USD
LAG-3 (human) monoclonal antibody (17B4) (FITC conjugate)
Purified from hybridoma tissue culture supernatant., Flow Cytometry | Print as PDF
ALX-804-806F-C100 100 µg FITC 526.00 USD
LAG-3 (human) monoclonal antibody (17B4) (ATTO 488 conjugate)
Purified from hybridoma tissue culture supernatant., Flow Cytometry, ICC | Print as PDF
ALX-804-806TD-T100 100 tests ATTO 488 546.00 USD
LAG-3 (human) monoclonal antibody (17B4) (ATTO 647N conjugate)
ALX-804-806TS-T100 100 tests ATTO 647N 427.00 USD
LAG-3 (human):Fc (human), (recombinant)
Produced in CHO cells. The sequence coding for the 4 extracellular Ig-like domains of human LAG-3 (D1-D4) is fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1., ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), ELISA, Flow Cytometry | Print as PDF
LAG Monoclonal antibody
Antigen Presenting Cells ...