With any purchase over $35!
Located in Clearwater, FL since 1972, Caesar's Jewlers is a family-owned and operated full-service jewelry store. We pride ourselves on personal service - which in the jewelry industry, in our opinion, can only be found in a family-run business.
Absolutely all work is done on premises by Gerry our 3rd generation family jeweler. Using state-of-the-art equipment, such as our laser welder, we are able to repair, refurbish or manufacture items that no one else can. We also offer eyeglass repair. Personal and professional service is the backbone of our business.
Having a large selection of jewelry, watches and everything in-between we always have what our customers are looking for. We offer a wide range of styles and sizes in engagement rings and wedding bands. We specialize in any type of jewelry repair, watch repair and custom work.


Small groups are study, social, and activity groups where we connect with each other throughout the week and build closer relationships. Ask around after Sunday worship to meet and chat with the organizer, or call or email the church office for more information.
Meets: 6pm, 2nd Sunday of each month at a Book Group member's home.
The Garden Club meets each week to do yard work and spruce up the church property. Come enjoy the fresh air, fellowship, and exercise!
Gourmet breakfast is served along with spirited fellowship. New members are always welcome!
Did you know that God has a story? While we may know some of the more notorious biblical stories and while we may know this book of the Bible or that book, it is important to look, dig, and discover the big story of God and what God does in this world. In fact, we might just discover that our own lives and our own stories can become transformed and intimately linked to God's story. Join us as we traverse the Greatest Story.


text:
Q: Getting name of file after compiling I'm trying to get name of current .exe file. Now I'm using
os.path.basename(__file__)

but it only returns name of .py file from which it has been compiled. Is there any way to get name of exe?

A: I used os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Flowing and stationary water. Deep, but also shallow. Rivers, streams, lakes and water reservoirs. We provide dredging and dewatering services everywhere.
Our operators can mow aquatic plants and trim the shore line in record time.
We process, transport and permanently deposit the sediment. We do the whole thing.
We will process a complete bottom sediment analysis for you.
Using top-of-the-line under-water surface mapping equipment, we deliver the highest level of precision and efficiency.
We offer rental services of our suction dredges and technological lines.
Our goal is to improve environments by sediment treatment, restoring the capacity of reservoirs, deepening and maintaining waterways, shipping channels and cleaning out lakes and ponds.
Exhibition is over. 24 000 participants, 110 countries, thank you for being one of them. Thank you for visiting us in our booth. We are looking forward to see you at our next event.
As we mentioned in our previous post, PROGROUPE is attending SIWW 2018. As of now, the booth is set up and our colleagues ready to meet you. Come visit us at Marina Sands Expo Booth B2-D15 we are available until July 11.
The INNOVATIVE METHOD of sediment treatment.
Progroupe sediment solutions Pte. Ltd.


text:
Q: Basic Dynamic memory and pointers to arrays #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    float **daily_rainfall;
    float new_rainfall;
    // daily_rainfall has been assigned an array of 12 float arrays. Each element of the array
    // has been initialized to point to an array of 31 floats. This structure represents a year's
    // worth of rainfall.
    //
    // new_rainfall has been intialized to some hidden value.
    //
    // Set the float corresponding to April 12th (the 12th day of the 4th month)
    // to equal the value currently stored in new_rainfall.

    return 0;
}

I'm new to c. I tried to figure it out but it didn't work.
(*daily_rainfall)[4][12] = new_rainfall;

I think it makes sense but i'm getting errors.

A: Since you're having a double pointer to float, you would access contents of the array as follows:
daily_rainfall[3][11] = new_rainfall;


text:
Orocharis eucelados är en insektsart som beskrevs av Otte, D. och Perez-gelabert 2009. Orocharis eucelados ingår i släktet Orocharis och familjen syrsor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Syrsor
eucelados

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Town Charter, Chapter III
Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV
Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII Chapter VIII
CHAPTER III THE BOARD OF SELECTMEN
SECTION 3.1 ORGANIZATION
3.1.1 NUMBER OF MEMBERS
There shall be a Board of Selectmen consisting of the First Selectman and two (2) Selectmen, hereinafter referred to as the Selectmen.
3.1.2 HOLDING OTHER OFFICE
The Selectmen shall be required to disclose any other office or position held within the government of the Town in which compensation is received. These disclosures shall be recorded in the minutes of a meeting and be reported in the Annual Town Report.
SECTION 3.2 MEETINGS
3.2.1 PRESIDING OVER MEETINGS
The First Selectman, when present, shall preside over all meetings of the Selectmen and shall have full voting power at such meetings.
3.2.2 FIRST MEETING AFTER TAKING OFFICE
The Selectmen shall meet within seven (7) days after taking office per Section 2.2.3 for the purpose of organizing. The following items and any other business of an organizational nature shall be resolved.
3.2.2.1 ACTING FIRST SELECTMAN
The Selectman shall confirm the order of succession to assume the duties and responsibilities of the First Selectman in the event of the absence or disability of the First Selectman. The order of succession shall be by descending number of votes received in the last completed Town Election.
3.2.2.2 ACTING OFFICIAL IN TOWN EMERGENCY
The Selectmen may appoint a responsible Town official, elected or appointed, to implement the Town Emergency Plan or other written instructions in the event of a town emergency and all Selectmen are absent from Town.
3.2.2.3 SCHEDULE OF MEETINGS
The Selectmen shall fix the schedule of regular meeting dates and times. A method for calling special meetings shall be provided. The Selectmen shall meet at times to provide maximum opportunity for citizens to attend the meetings.
3.2.2.4 SCHEDULE OF JOINT MEETINGS WITH OTHER TOWN AGENCIES
The Selectmen shall fix the schedule of these meeting dates and times, which shall be a minimum of two (2) times a year.
3.2.3 MEETING PROCEDURE
All meetings of the Selectmen for the transaction of business shall be conducted according to the CGS. Meetings may move into Executive Session in accordance with Section 1‑21 of the CGS for purposes as defined in Section 1-1 8a (e) and by affirmative vote of two thirds of the Selectmen present and voting. This action shall state the reasons for such Executive Session. All business conducted by the Selectmen shall be approved by action at a regular or special meeting and shall include the adoption or policies and guidelines established under Section 3.4.16.
3.2.4 QUORUM
Two (2) members shall constitute a quorum. No ordinance, resolution or vote, except a vote to adjourn or fix the time and place of the next meeting, shall be adopted by less than two (2) affirmative votes.
3.2.5 MINUTES OF MEETINGS
Minutes of all meetings shall be recorded and filed in accordance with Section 1-19 of the CGS.
SECTION 3.3 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
3.3.1 AFFAIRS OF THE TOWN
In addition to powers granted by the CGS, the Selectmen shall have the general and specific powers per Section 3.4. They shall be responsible foroverseeing and coordinating the performance of duties and responsibilities of the officers, boards, commissions and other agencies of the Town as the carrying out of these duties and responsibilities affect the affairs of the Town.
3.3.2 TOWN REPORT
The Selectmen shall be responsible for the preparation and publication of an Annual Town Report. The head of each board, commission, agency or official of the Town supported wholly or in part from Town funds shall file a report of the years activities with the Selectmen within sixty (60) days after the end of the Fiscal Year. The Annual Town Report shall be published within ninety (90) days after receiving the Annual Audit.
3.3.3 JOINT MEETINGS WITH OTHER TOWN AGENCIES
The Selectmen shall be responsible for holding joint meetings with one or more members of all boards, commissions and agencies for the purpose of communicating plans and coordinating action for carrying out the affairs of the Town.
3.3.4 APPLICATION FOR GRANTS AND AID
Unless a specific board, commission, or agency is designated by the CGS, Charter, Ordinance or, Resolution voted at Town Meeting or Referendum, the Selectmen shall be responsible for acting on behalf of the Town in applying for grants, aid or other funds that the Town is eligible for and shall accept or reject such grants, aid or other funds for the Town.
3.3.5 TOWN BUDGET
The Selectmen shall be responsible for obtaining and compiling the items to be budgeted from the various boards, commissions, agencies and officials of the Town, excluding the Board of Education, and for presenting them to the Board of Finance with its recommendations in accordance with the provisions ofSection 6.5.2.
3.3.6 FINANCIAL PLANNING
The Selectmen shall be responsible for reviewing the current and projected administrative and capital fiscal needs of the Town and shall develop and maintain a long range comprehensive financial plan. This plan shall be updated at least once during the term of the Selectmen. Capital expenditures projected for the next coming Fiscal Year shall be included in the Annual Town Budget preparation per Section 6.5.2.
SECTION 3.4 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC POWERS
3.4.1 FILLING OF VACANCIES
The Selectmen shall fill vacancies in elective offices according to the provisions of Section 2.7. The Selectmen shall be the Legislative Body (Section 7.1.1 ) designated to fill vacancies on the Regional District #8 Board of Education. The Selectmen shall fill vacancies in appointive offices as provided in Section 4.1.3 and Section 5.9 of this Charter.
3.4.2 PERSONNEL POLICIES
The Selectmen shall adopt policies which consider, all jobs in the Town Government, elected or, appointed, where salary and/or, benefits are provided. Policies shall define the personnel to be covered, the qualifications and method appointment to each position, the duties, responsibilities and powers of such positions and the conditions, salary and benefits of employment in such positions. All elected persons that accept the Town benefits shall abide by the Personnel Rules and Regulations, as adopted by the Board of Selectmen for all Town employees. Persons employed or appointed to make or conduct a temporary study of investigation and persons employed for a temporary period but exceeding three (3) months shall not be included.
3.4.3 ACCEPTANCE OF ROADS AND OTHER MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENTS
In order for roads and other municipal improvements to be considered for acceptance, they must be approved by the Planning Commission and their completion approved by the Town Engineer. The Selectmen may accept the above provided all the following conditions are satisfied: (1 ) Written approval of the Town Engineer is on file. (2) Written approval of the Planning Commission is on file. (3) A duly warned Public Hearing has been held.
Should the Selectmen fail to accept a road or other municipal improvements and the above conditions have been satisfied, acceptance shall be referred to a Town Meeting for action.
3.4.4 MAINTENANCE BOND PROTECTION FOR EXISTING ROADS
The Selectmen may require the posting of maintenance bonds on existing Town accepted roads to cover damage caused by the process of construction.
3.4.5 AGREEMENT WITH STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
The Selectmen may enter into agreements with the Department of Transportation of the State of Connecticut for expenditures of Town Aid Funds per Section 13A -17a et. seq of the CGS.
3.4.6 PURCHASE OR EXCHANGE OF REAL ESTATE
The Selectmen with the approval of the Planning Commission and Inland Wetlands Agency, may purchase or exchange real estate for a specific Town use. Any appropriation required shall be subject to the conditions of Section 6.6.
3.4.6.1 EASEMENTS
The Board of Selectmen, without further municipal approval, shall have the authority to procure necessary easements from private property owners to provide for appropriate water supply for fire prevention purposes. Any appropriation required shall be subject to the conditions of Section 6.6.
3.4.7 ACCEPTANCE OF REAL ESTATE
The Selectmen may accept real estate, subject to the approval of the Planning Commission and Inland Wetlands Agency. Commissions must respond to the request for approval within thirty-five (35) days. Failure to act shall constitute approval.
3.4.8 DISPOSITION OF TOWN PROPERTY
The Selectmen, without further municipal approval, may dispose of any obsolete, damaged or unused item of property of the Town except land, buildings or water rights. An Ordinance establishing procedures for, this disposition shall be enacted and maintained per Section 3.5. The Selectmen are empowered to apply any item of property, regardless of value, as a trade‑in on the purchase price of a budgeted expenditure of alike or improved item.
3.4.9 TEMPORARY COMMISSIONS
The Selectmen may create study or temporary advisory commissions to make recommendations to the Selectmen. The term of any such commission should not exceed twenty‑four (24) months unless approved by Town Meeting to extend the term. The operation of these commissions may be funded from the Selectmen's Budget or under the provisions of Section 6.6.
3.4.10 LEGAL ACTION
The Selectmen shall direct or cause to be instituted, prosecuted or compromised any legal action or, proceeding by or against the Town.
3.4.11 PURCHASE OF SUPPLIES
The Selectmen shall be the central purchasing office for supplies, materials, equipment and other commodities required by an officer, board, commission or committee of the Town, except the Board of Education and Probate Court.
3.4.12 MAINTENANCE OF TOWN PROPERTIES
The Selectmen shall employ the services of custodial or maintenance work for any public park, building, playground, road or other facility under the care of any officer, board, commission or, committee of the Town. Facilities under the care of the Board of Education are exempted from this coverage except in those areas agreed upon.
3.4.13 CONTRACTING OF SERVICES
Unless otherwise specified by the CGS, Charter, Ordinance or, Resolution voted at Town Meeting or Referendum, the Selectmen shall execute all contracting on behalf of the Town for any services required by any officer, board, commission or committee of the Town, except the Board of Education.
3.4.14 DELEGATION OF POWERS
The Selectmen may delegate the powers in this Section to persons or agencies responsible to the Selectmen. This delegation shall be duly voted at a regular meeting.
3.4.15 PUBLIC BID
Unless otherwise specified by the CGS, Charter, Ordinance or Resolution voted at Town Meeting or Referendum, the Selectmen shall execute the Public Bidding or the purchase of any item with an estimated cost in excess of ten thousand dollars ($10,000). Appropriate bid specifications and forms shall be made available. Items for purchase with an estimated cost of one thousand dollars ($1,000) to ten thousand dollars ($10,000) may be let by invitation to bid. Items for purchase with an estimated cost of less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) do not require bidding. The contract for purchase shall be awarded to the lowest qualified bidder.
3.4.15.1 BIDDING EXCEPTION
By action of the Selectmen, items to be purchased through a central purchasing system are exempt from the bidding procedures. The system to be utilized shall have established bidding and purchasing procedures.
3.4.16 EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS
The Selectmen shall establish the policies and guidelines for the expenditure of Town Funds, except for the Board of Education. The Town Treasurer shall advise the Selectmen of any accounting and other financial procedures for incorporation in the policies and guidelines established.
3.4.17 ENFORCEMENT
The Selectmen in executing their duties and responsibilities are empowered to use all legal measures through a court of competent jurisdiction when necessary. Should action concerning the Board of Education be necessary, appeal to the Commissioner of Education, State of Connecticut, may be pursued per the CGS.
SECTION 3.5 POWER TO ENACT ORDINANCES
The Selectmen shall have the power to enact Ordinances on any matter which the CGS or this Charter permits to be regulated by Ordinance and, in general, enhances the preservation of order, health, welfare and safety of the Town and its inhabitants.
3.5.1 PUBLIC HEARING
At least one (1) Public Hearing shall be held by the Selectmen before enacting any proposed Ordinance. Copies of the full text of the proposed Ordinance shall be made available in the Town Clerk's Office and the Hearing Notice shall be published not less than ten (10) days before the date of such Hearing.
3.5.2 REQUIRED ACTION
The Selectmen shall accept or reject the proposed Ordinance within thirty (30) days after the Public Hearing.
3.5.3 RECORDING WITH TOWN CLERK
Every Ordinance, after enactment, shall be recorded by the Town Clerk in a book to be kept for that purpose.
3.5.4 EFFECTIVE DATE
Every Ordinance shall become effective thirty (30) days after publication in a newspaper having a circulation in the Town. The Selectmen shall implement the terms of the Ordinance unless procedure to overrule such Ordinance is initiated in accordance with Section 7.6 and 7.7 of the Charter.
SECTION 3.6 POWER TO ENACT EMERGENCY ORDINANCES
On a declaration by the Selectmen that a state of public emergency exists endangering the lives, health or property of citizens, the Selectmen may enact Ordinances to meet such emergency. No Public Hearing shall be required for emergency Ordinances. Emergency Ordinances shall be printed and made available in the Town Clerk's Office in twenty‑four (24) hours after action is taken.
3.6.1 AUTOMATIC TERMINATIONS
Every emergency Ordinance and amendments thereto shall automatically stand repealed at the termination of the sixtieth (60th) day following the enactment of said Ordinance.
SECTION 3.7 PETITION FOR OVERRULE OF ORDINANCES
All Ordinances, except emergency Ordinances, shall be subject to overrule by a Special Town Meeting as specified inSection 7.7 of the Charter.
SECTION 3.8 THE FIRST SELECTMAN
The First Selectman shall be the Chief Executive and Administrative Officer of the Town. In addition to the powers and duties conferred by the CGS, the First Selectman shall have the powers and duties conferred by this Charter and Ordinances. The First Selectman shall be the official head of the Town for all ceremonial and military purposes.
3.8.1 DUTIES OF THE FIRST SELECTMAN
The First Selectman shall be responsible for and have the power to:
(a) Execute and carry out all Ordinances, Resolutions, policies and other actions voted by the Board of Selectmen or the Town Meeting.
(b) Coordinate administration of the agencies, boards and commissions of the Town, except those functions expressly reserved or delegated to such agencies by the CGS.
(c) Guide the Board of Selectmen in the discharge of all the Selectmen's duties and responsibilities.
(d) Direct and supervise the activities of all Town employees, except employees of the Board of Education.
3.8.1.1 EMPLOYMENT OF STAFF
The First Selectman shall, subject to the approval of the Board of Selectmen, appoint or hire, discharge or remove, all appointive officials or employees of the Town whether receiving compensation or not, for all boards, commissions or agencies of the Town, except employees of the Board of Education.
3.8.1.2 DELEGATION OF DUTIES
The First Selectman may assign and delegate the above duties and powers to the other Selectmen and to officers responsible to the First Selectman.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of the most exciting new features for AutoCAD Electrical 2017 has to be the Microsoft SQL Server support for catalog data. This can be setup during installation, or afterwards if you have already installed the software. There are two options for setting this up. Deployment Mode, and Standalone Mode.
In the Create and Migrate database workflow, the utility prompts you to connect to an instance of SQL Server. After a successful connection, the utility allows you to name your catalog and footprint target database tables in SQL Server. Once you have created your target databases, use the utility to navigate and select your existing catalog and footprint databases (.mdb) to begin the migration process.
In the Migrate database workflow, the utility prompts you to select the catalog and footprint databases, which exists on the SQL Server. After you have selected, the utility allows you to navigate and select your existing catalog and footprint databases (.mdb) to begin the migration process.
The content migration utility supports catalog database file formats for AutoCAD Electrical 2015 or later version. If your catalog database has an older format; it is recommended that you migrate your database to 2015 (or later version) before using this utility.
For several years Autodesk wanted to move to the SQL Server support for AutoCAD Electrical due to how large the Microsoft® Access database can get if you enter all of the vendors you use in a typical AutoCAD Electrical project. Additionally, the Microsoft® Access database re-indexes every time you do a catalog lookup so the larger the database the more issues you will have moving forward with it. So whether you are planning on moving to AutoCAD Electrical 2017, or are a current user you should consider using the SQL Server option for your catalog data.


THE French Top 14 has provided plenty of thrilling rugby over the opening weekends of the regular season.
The 2018–19 Top 14 competition is the 120th French domestic rugby union club competition operated by the Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR).
Stade Francais, with two Limerick coaches, Paul O'Connell and Mike Prendergast in their backroom team, have made an excellent start to the campaign, winning each of their two opening fixtures to sit joint top of the table.
Another side to have taken nine points from their opening two games is Pro14 leaders Clermont Auvergne who, strangely, have not qualified for the Champions Cup this season.
The summer has seen three new arrivals into the playing squad at Clermont with 11 departures.
Classy centre Aurelien Rougerie is now part of the backroom team.
The new arrivals include former Super Rugby players Tim Nanai-Williams and George Moala to add to the backline stocks. The fact that out-half Camille Lopez is healthy again after missing a large part of last season is another big boost.
Clermont top the betting at 12/5 to win the Top 14 title at the end of the season. They look a decent bet given the impressive strength in depth of their squad.


Catholic priests in northern Poland burned Harry Potter books and objects associated with the occult Sunday to cleanse parishioners of links to witchcraft.
"Aside from the books, there were talismans and amulets. Parishioners brought them to put things in order," Kucharski said, according to Yahoo!.
"We know what's harmful to our faithful so that's why we held an event like this. I'd even call it evangelical," he added.
Online posts of the burning went viral, but garnered mockery and outcry from social media users, some of whom made comparisons between the event and book burnings the Nazis conducted, quoting German poet Heinrich Heine's line written in 1823 "Where books are burned, in the end, people will also be burned," according to BBC.
The Harry Potter series, in particular, has garnered criticism from conservative Christians of various denominations for its focus on witchcraft, giving rise to concerns children might start to develop an interest in the occult. While not all Christians believe the books are a source of potential evil influence, both the Catholic Church and Protestant denominations teach that occult practices are contrary to the will of God and are dangerous as they make practitioners vulnerable to the influence of demonic forces.


text:
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Evo C++ Library v0.5.1

Classes |
Typedefs |
Enumerations |
Functions

EvoIO

Evo input/output streams.
More...

Classes

class  	AsyncBase

 	Base class for Async I/O.  More...

class  	AsyncBuffers

 	Holds data for async I/O buffers (used internally with AsyncServer and protocol implementations).  More...

class  	AsyncClient< T, Q >

 	Template class for an async I/O client.  More...

class  	AsyncEventLoop

 	Manages an event-loop for async I/O.  More...

class  	AsyncServer< T >

 	Async I/O server for receiving and handling requests.  More...

struct  	AsyncServerHandler

 	Base async I/O server handler.  More...

class  	AsyncServerReplyT< T >

 	Handles sending server replies, and accounts for potentially out of order responses.  More...

struct  	Console

 	Console I/O.  More...

struct  	ConsoleMT

 	Multithreaded console I/O.  More...

struct  	ConsoleNotMT

 	Single threaded console I/O.  More...

struct  	Date

 	Structure holding a calendar date.  More...

struct  	DateTime

 	Full calendar date and time of day with timezone offset.  More...

class  	Directory

 	Directory reader.  More...

class  	ExceptionDirOpen

 	Directory open exception for errors opening a directory for reading entries, see Exception.  More...

class  	ExceptionSocketConfig

 	Socket config exception for getopt() or setopt() errors, see Exception.  More...

class  	ExceptionSocketIn

 	Socket input stream exception for socket read errors, see Exception.  More...

class  	ExceptionSocketOpen

 	Socket open exception for socket connect/bind/listen errors, see Exception.  More...

class  	ExceptionSocketOut

 	Socket output stream exception for socket write errors, see Exception.  More...

class  	File

 	File I/O stream.  More...

class  	FilePath

 	File and directory path helpers.  More...

struct  	IoBase

 	Base binary stream interface.  More...

class  	IoDevice

 	I/O device base class for streams.  More...

struct  	IoFile

 	File I/O device (used internally).  More...

struct  	IoReader

 	Buffered reader for IoDevice (used internally).  More...

struct  	IoSocket

 	Socket I/O device (used internally).  More...

struct  	IoWriter

 	Buffered writer for IoDevice (used internally).  More...

class  	NetworkInterfaces

 	Query network adapter interfaces from OS.  More...

struct  	Pipe

 	Pipe stream access.  More...

class  	PipeIn

 	Input stream for reading from pipe.  More...

class  	PipeOut

 	Output stream for writing to pipe.  More...

class  	Socket

 	Socket I/O stream.  More...

struct  	SocketAddress

 	Generic socket address (used internally).  More...

struct  	SocketAddressBase

 	Base socket address.  More...

struct  	SocketAddressInfo

 	Resolves socket name/address to socket address info.  More...

struct  	SocketAddressIp

 	TCP/IP socket address.  More...

struct  	SocketAddressUnix

 	Unix Domain socket address (linux/unix).  More...

class  	SocketCast

 	Socket for I/O casting (datagram/UDP).  More...

class  	Stream< T >

 	Input/Output stream implementation.  More...

struct  	StreamBase

 	Base text and binary stream interface.  More...

struct  	StreamExtMT< T, M >

 	Extends an existing stream with mutex for multithreaded synchronization.  More...

struct  	StreamFormatter< T >

 	Stream output formatter with state.  More...

class  	StreamIn< T >

 	Input stream implementation.  More...

struct  	StreamMT< T >

 	Stream with mutex for multithreaded synchronization.  More...

struct  	StreamMT< File >

 	Stream with mutex for multithreaded synchronization, specialized for File.  More...

class  	StreamOut< T >

 	Output stream implementation.  More...

struct  	SysDir

 	System directory reader (used internally).  More...

struct  	SysLinuxIo

struct  	TimeOfDay

 	Structure holding a time of day.  More...

struct  	TimeZoneOffset

 	Structure holding a time zone offset from UTC.  More...

Typedefs

typedef AsyncServerReplyT 	AsyncServerReply

 	Handles sending server replies – see AsyncServerReplyT.  More...

typedef StreamMT< File > 	FileMT

 	File with mutex for synchonization – see File and StreamMT<File>  More...

typedef StreamMT< PipeIn > 	PipeInMT

 	Input pipe with mutex for synchonization – see StreamMT.  More...

typedef StreamMT< PipeOut > 	PipeOutMT

 	Output pipe with mutex for synchonization – see StreamMT.  More...

Enumerations

enum  	AsyncError {

  aeNONE = 0,
aeCONNECT,
aeCLOSED,
aeIO,

  aeIO_READ,
aeIO_WRITE,
aeTIMEOUT,
aeCLIENT

 }
 	Async I/O error type.  More...

enum  	AsyncReadResult { arrERROR = 0,
arrDONE,
arrMORE
 }
 	Async I/O read results used by protocol events.  More...

enum  	Open {

  oREAD = O_RDONLY,
oREAD_WRITE = O_RDWR,
oREAD_WRITE_NEW = O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
oREAD_APPEND = O_RDWR | O_APPEND,

  oREAD_APPEND_NEW = O_RDWR | O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
oWRITE = O_WRONLY,
oWRITE_NEW = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,
oAPPEND = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND,

  oAPPEND_NEW = O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC

 }
 	Open mode for files and streams.  More...

enum  	Seek { sBegin = SEEK_SET,
sCurrent = SEEK_CUR,
sEnd = SEEK_END
 }
 	Seek starting position.  More...

Functions

const char * 	async_error_msg (AsyncError err)

 	Get error message for AsyncError code.  More...

Console & 	con ()

 	Shortcut for Console::get().  More...

ConsoleMT & 	con_mt ()

 	Shortcut for ConsoleMT::get().  More...

const char * 	errormsg_socket (Error error)

 	Get socket error message for error code.  More...

String & 	get_abspath (String &outpath, SubString &path)

 	Get absolute path for given input path.  More...

String & 	get_cwd (String &outpath)

 	Store current working directory in string.  More...

bool 	open_readable (Open open)

 	Check whether open mode is readable.  More...

bool 	open_writable (Open open)

 	Check whether open mode is writable.  More...

Error 	set_cwd (const char *path, bool excep=1)

 	Set current working directory.  More...

Detailed Description

Evo input/output streams.

Typedef Documentation

◆ AsyncServerReply

          typedef AsyncServerReplyT AsyncServerReply

Handles sending server replies – see AsyncServerReplyT.

◆ FileMT

          typedef StreamMT<File> FileMT

File with mutex for synchonization – see File and StreamMT<File>

◆ PipeInMT

          typedef StreamMT<PipeIn> PipeInMT

Input pipe with mutex for synchonization – see StreamMT.

◆ PipeOutMT

          typedef StreamMT<PipeOut> PipeOutMT

Output pipe with mutex for synchonization – see StreamMT.

Enumeration Type Documentation

◆ AsyncError

          enum AsyncError

Async I/O error type.

Enumerator

aeNONE
No error.

aeCONNECT
Connection refused (clients only)

aeCLOSED
Socket closed by other side.

aeIO
I/O unrecoverable error.

aeIO_READ
I/O read error.

aeIO_WRITE
I/O write error.

aeTIMEOUT
I/O timeout.

aeCLIENT
Client protocol error (set by protocol implementation)

◆ AsyncReadResult

          enum AsyncReadResult

Async I/O read results used by protocol events.

Enumerator

arrERROR
An error occurred.

arrDONE
Done reading request.

arrMORE
More to read for request.

◆ Open

          enum Open

Open mode for files and streams.

See File::open()

Enumerator

oREAD
Read only.

oREAD_WRITE
Read and write.

oREAD_WRITE_NEW
Read and write, create/replace.

oREAD_APPEND
Read and write/append.

oREAD_APPEND_NEW
Read and write/append, create/replace.

oWRITE
Write only.

oWRITE_NEW
Write only, create/replace.

oAPPEND
Write/append only, created if needed.

oAPPEND_NEW
Write/append only, create/replace.

◆ Seek

          enum Seek

Seek starting position.

Enumerator

sBegin
Seek from beginning.

sCurrent
Seek from current position.

sEnd
Seek to end.

Function Documentation

◆ async_error_msg()

          const char* evo::async_error_msg
          (
          AsyncError
          err	)

inline

Get error message for AsyncError code.

Parameters

err	Error code to get message for

Returns

Error message string pointer – always terminated, never empty or null

◆ con()

          Console& evo::con
          (
          	)

inline

Shortcut for Console::get().

Returns

Console reference

◆ con_mt()

          ConsoleMT& evo::con_mt
          (
          	)

inline

Shortcut for ConsoleMT::get().

Returns

ConsoleMT reference

◆ errormsg_socket()

          const char* evo::errormsg_socket
          (
          Error
          error	)

inline

Get socket error message for error code.

This gives more socket specific error messages where applicable, and for general errors uses errormsg()

Parameters

error	Error code – see Error

Returns

Message for error code (null terminated, always an immutable string literal)

◆ get_abspath()

          String& evo::get_abspath
          (
          String &
          outpath,

          SubString &
          path

          )

inline

Get absolute path for given input path.

#include <evo/dir.h>

This calls FilePath::abs() (with strict=false) to see if input path is an absolute path, if so this is the output path

If input path is relative, this joins it with the current working directory to make it an absolute path

This calls FilePath::normalize() to normalize the result absolute path

If you want to contain the input path to the current directory for security reasons, call FilePath::normalize() on it first

Windows: Caution: This is not thread safe in Windows, and not safe in shared libraries

See also: get_cwd()

Parameters

outpath	Stores output absolute path [out]

path	Path to get absolute path for

Returns

Reference to outpath, set to null if path is null

◆ get_cwd()

          String& evo::get_cwd
          (
          String &
          outpath	)

inline

Store current working directory in string.

#include <evo/dir.h>

Windows: Caution: This is not thread safe in Windows, and not safe in shared libraries

See also: get_abspath(), set_cwd()

Parameters

outpath	String to store current working directory [out]

Returns

Reference to outpath with absolute path to current working directory, set to null if this somehow fails (unlikely)

◆ open_readable()

          bool evo::open_readable
          (
          Open
          open	)

inline

Check whether open mode is readable.

Parameters

open	Open mode

Returns

Whether mode is readable

◆ open_writable()

          bool evo::open_writable
          (
          Open
          open	)

inline

Check whether open mode is writable.

Parameters

open	Open mode

Returns

Whether mode is writable

◆ set_cwd()

          Error evo::set_cwd
          (
          const char *
          path,

          bool
          excep = 1

          )

inline

Set current working directory.

#include <evo/dir.h>

This is generally not thread safe since it affects the whole process

Windows: Caution: This is not thread safe in Windows, and not safe in shared libraries

See also: get_cwd()

Parameters

path	Directory path to set

excep	Whether to enable exceptions on error, default set by Evo config: EVO_EXCEPTIONS

Returns

Error code, ENone for success, throws exception on error if excep=true

<address class="footer">
Generated on Tue May 7 2019 18:17:31 for Evo C++ Library v0.5.1 by

 1.8.13
</address>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I read it yesterday, cover to cover (well, sort of since I read it on my iPad). I highlighted a number of passages.
In short I liked it and thought it was well done in terms of the accurate portrayal of the emotional dynamics of search and reunion (at least as I have experienced, noting that I cannot comment on the adoptee narrative in the book but I could relate to the mother, particularly in one majorly whopping way).
I have some thoughts but would love to discuss interactively in comments if anyone here has read it.
If you read, what did you think about Kirby?
What were your thoughts on Marian and her reaction to being found? What did you think about Marian in general? About her "choices"?
How strong was Marian's mothers influence in relation to the adoption? Did Marian's socio economic status contribute to the adoption?
Did the title of the book make sense to you? How did you interpret it?
If no one has read it, I will ramble on in a separate post about the passages I highlighted and why.
She did it. I don't know if it was intentional, or if she was advised, or if it was a slip of the tongue but she did it — and it startled me.
Moms friend, Tara, sitting next to me makes one of those sounds that signals understanding. Mom looks at me across the table. I continue.
"Surgeon says there are other meds, like diluadid, that they can give me. I hope they remember to do so" I say as I reach for my glass of seltzer.
I am literally flabbergasted and it takes me a moment or two to respond. My mother remembers that 26 years ago, as I experience labor with only my caseworker by my side, the hospital gave me pain meds. Pain meds that the caseworker told me I was "lucky" to get. She told me other girls with other agencies did not get pain meds. My mothers use of my daughters amended name coupled with the memory of hallucinating with my caseworker by my side throws me.
"Yes, I did. Only in that case I hallucinated. In retrospect that seems odd, they gave that to me while I was in labor. Is it standard to give Demerol to mothers in labor? I was never given anything when I had the boys…at least not until the c-sections." I share.
The conversation continues. While I am there, I am not really aware of the conversation. My breathing is still a bit off due to mom using daughters amended name. I wonder why. Did my sister say something to her? Was it a slip? Was she even aware she did that? Is it something new since I shared my daughters contact details with her? Did that make the amended name more real to her?
After a few more minutes of thought, I decide I don't care why. I am just glad she did.


To continue our many successful programs, we rely on the support of dedicated Republicans who believe in engaging and empowering women in the political process and providing a forum for women to serve as leaders in the political, government, and civic arenas.
Clubs earn points on the biennial Achievement Awards form by contributing to an NFRW endowment fund.
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Donors can also make contributions to our general fund, and they can earmark their contributions in memory of an individual.
Contributions or gifts to the National Federation of Republican Women are not deductible as charitable contributions for federal income tax purposes. The NFRW does not accept contributions earmarked for any candidate or other committee. Contributions are used to fund all NFRW programs and will be spent as the NFRW determines, within its sole discretion, unless otherwise stated by donor.


The CNS or the Congress of Neurological Surgeons is the professional association that represents the neurosurgeons, medical students, neurosurgical residents & allied health professionals. The Congress of Neurological Surgeons comes with numerous efforts that are aimed to advance neurosurgical education to practice neurosurgeons, medic al students, and resident neurosurgeons. Such efforts involve online products or services like the University of Neurosurgery, NeuroWiki and the Self-Assessment in the Neurological Surgery.


Robert "Bob" Phillip Baker was born the day before Thanksgiving on November 25, 1942 in Hamtramck, Michigan. He was the only child of Stanley and Eleanor Baker. A curious and intelligent four-year-old, Bob's parents enrolled him in first grade at St. Josaphat Catholic School. That fortunate move inspired Bob to continue his education, at the University of Detroit Jesuit High School, and at the University of Detroit where he earned his BS and DDS degrees. Upon graduation, Dr. Baker worked as a general dentist in Trenton. He served in the U.S. Navy Reserves for six years, rising to the rank of Lt. Commander.
After two years of general dentistry, Bob left to pursue a residency in oral and maxillofacial surgery at the VA Medical Center in Allen Park. He passed the boards and opened his oral surgery practice in Mt. Clemens in 1972. He was age 30.
Bob learned the value of service, hard work, and contributing to society. In 1972 he could put those values to work. Besides opening his practice, he was invited that year to join the Mt. Clemens Rotary Club. And a year later, he married Margo Lawrence, an elementary school teacher. The two became an inseparable team.
Service Above Self is Rotary's motto and it became one Bob applied to his life. He wasn't content to just practice and relax afterward. Instead, he joined the faculty of his alma mater teaching oral surgery, retiring in 2000 as a Clinical Adjunct Professor. Every dental student who went through the U of D Dental school from 1974 to 2000 found himself in Dr. Baker's classroom. Bob found time to serve on many hospital committees, plus being president of three professional societies.
Rotary was fascinating Bob at the same time. After several committee chairmanships, including the club's fundraiser, Bob was president of the Mt. Clemens Rotary in 1989-90. His tenure produced the Mt. Clemens Rotary Foundation, the club's 501-c charitable arm, in 1990 and Bob was its first president.
The club had hosted exchange students through Rotary's Youth Exchange program for years. Rotarians were often needed to help with hosting duties. As the club's president, Bob felt he and Margo should step up. And step up they did. They were host parents or counselors for eight (8) Rotary Youth Exchange students and hosts for three (3) Rotary Group Study Exchange groups. Bob became the Rotary District 6380 Outbound Youth Exchange Chair in 1996.
In 2000 Bob retired from practice and teaching. And the couple devoted themselves to Rotary. Seeing how Rotary worked on the district level intrigued the couple. Bob went through the ranks, from assistant governor to District 6380 Governor for the Rotary year 2005-6. Very few take the route Bob did. He is the second of two district governors coming from the Mt. Clemens Rotary.
Bob and Margo became world travelers. In addition to personal travel, they attended every Rotary International convention for ten years. Though they never had children of their own, they were parents to the "world," the strangers they took into their home with whom they created lasting friendships.
Dr. Robert Baker is survived by his loving wife Margo; cherished brother-in-law of Denise and Tom; beloved uncle of Jen and Chris; dear great uncle of Addison, Peyton, and Tarynn; and treasured nephew of Pat. Robert is also survived by many dear cousins, colleagues, and friends.
Memorial contributions in honor of Dr. Baker may be made to the Mt. Clemens Rotary Foundation or the Rotary International Foundation or the Society of Vincent DePaul at St. Louis Church.
A memorial visitation will take place, Friday, May 10th from 2PM to 8PM at Lee-Ellena Funeral Home, 46530 Romeo Plank Rd., Macomb. A funeral Mass will be celebrated at 11AM next day, May 11th, at St. Louis Catholic Community 24415 Crocker Blvd, Clinton Twp., 48036. In state, or gathering time, 10:30 AM. Cremation has taken place. A private family inurnment will take place at Resurrection Cemetery on a later date.
To send flowers or a remembrance gift to the family of Robert Philip Baker, please visit our Tribute Store.
Guaranteed delivery before Robert's visitation begins.
Instate, or gathering time, 10:30 AM.
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"Email Address" would like to share the life celebration of Robert Philip Baker. Click on the "link" to go to share a favorite memory or leave a condolence message for the family.


text:
Clinical Guidelines |16 April 2002
The Role of High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem-Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Practice Guideline of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative
Kevin Imrie, MD; Rosmin Esmail, MSc; Ralph M. Meyer, MD; and the Members of the Hematology Disease Site Group of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative*
Kevin Imrie, MD
From the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-Based Care, Ontario, Canada.
Rosmin Esmail, MSc
Ralph M. Meyer, MD
and the Members of the Hematology Disease Site Group of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative*
Grant Support: This program is supported by Cancer Care Ontario and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.
Requests for Single Reprints: Ralph M. Meyer, MD, Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8V 5C2, Canada; e-mail, ralph.meyer@hrcc.on.ca.
Current Author Addresses: Dr. Imrie: Toronto–Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
Ms. Esmail: Calgary Regional Health Authority, 1035–7th Avenue Southwest, Calgary, Alberta T2P 3E9, Canada.
Dr. Meyer: Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8V 5C2, Canada.
Appendix: Members of the Hematology Disease Site Group of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative
The Hematology Disease Site Group of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative has systematically reviewed the published literature and, through a consensus process, developed an evidence-based practice guideline assessing the role of stem-cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. The conclusions were validated by solicited feedback from 221 practitioners across Ontario, Canada. The guideline comprises six recommendations: 1) Autologous transplantation is recommended for patients with stage II or III myeloma and good performance status. Evidence of benefit is strongest for patients who are younger than 55 years of age and have a serum creatinine level less than 150 µmol/L [<1.7 mg/dL]. Physicians must use clinical judgment in recommending transplantation to other patients. 2) Allogeneic transplantation is not recommended as routine therapy. 3) Patients potentially eligible for transplantation should be referred for assessment early after diagnosis and should not be extensively exposed to alkylating agents before collection of stem cells. 4) Autologous peripheral blood stem cells should be harvested early in the patient's treatment course. The best available data suggest that transplantation is most advantageous when performed as part of initial therapy. 5) The comparative data addressing the specifics of the transplantation process are insufficient to allow definitive recommendations. In the absence of such data, a single transplant with high-dose melphalan, with or without total-body irradiation, is suggested for patients undergoing transplantation outside a clinical trial. 6) At this time, no conclusions can be reached about the role of interferon therapy after transplantation.
*For members of the Hematology Disease Site Group of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative, see Appendix.
After more than three decades of clinical trials testing various standard-dose chemotherapy regimens, the disease course of patients with multiple myeloma has not changed appreciably. Conventional chemotherapy can provide effective palliation but is not curative (1). Case series have described encouraging results in patients with myeloma undergoing allogeneic or autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (2). Other studies of transplantation, including randomized trials, have been reported in the past 6 years (3, 4).
To facilitate decisions about treatment options, practice guidelines have been developed for use by health care providers and consumers. In Ontario, Canada, cancer treatments and policies are led by a state-funded organization, Cancer Care Ontario. To help derive treatment options, Cancer Care Ontario has developed the Program in Evidence-Based Care, which includes the Practice Guidelines Initiative. Disease Site Groups (DSGs), which comprise physicians, epidemiologists, and consumers, develop guidelines through a systematic process that involves assessment of evidence, consensus, and a validation process involving practitioners from across the province. Guideline topics are chosen through a prioritization process that includes the burden of illness, availability of evidence, perceived variation in practice, the potential to affect treatment decisions, and resource utilization.
The Hematology DSG noted that the use of transplantation for patients with myeloma varied among practices across the province. Variability in practice and emerging evidence of higher quality made this a priority topic for guideline development. To approach this topic, the DSG addressed the following questions: What is optimal standard-dose chemotherapy for patients with myeloma? In terms of survival, is peripheral blood stem-cell or marrow transplantation better than conventional chemotherapy? What is the relative efficacy of autologous versus allogeneic transplantation? What specifics of the transplantation process can be recommended? When should transplantation be performed? Who should (or should not) receive a transplant?
Overview of Guideline Development
This guideline was developed by the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative (CCOPGI) using the methods of the Practice Guidelines Development Cycle (5). Members of the CCOPGI's Hematology DSG selected, reviewed, and interpreted the evidence. This DSG comprises 25 members, including hematologists, medical and radiation oncologists, an epidemiologist, and 2 lay representatives. Several of the physician members have background training in epidemiology; 8 hematologists regularly perform stem-cell transplantation in clinical practice.
The DSG's draft recommendations were circulated through a mailed survey to hematologists and medical or radiation oncologists in Ontario for feedback and involvement in a consensus process. Responses were used to guide the reformatting of the draft into the final guideline recommendations. The Practice Guidelines Co-ordinating Committee (PGCC), which ensures consistency of guideline development across the DSGs of various tumor sites, approved the guideline. The CCOPGI has a standardized process to update each guideline report; the current guideline was updated and reviewed by the PGCC in October 2000.
We searched the MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, and Cochrane Library databases for literature published from 1992 to December 1997 and subsequently updated the search in October 1998, June 1999, and April 2000. For the searches, we combined multiple myeloma (as a Medical Subject Heading [MeSH] and text word) with bone marrow transplantation (MeSH and text word) and drug therapy (MeSH). Then, we combined these terms with the search terms for the following study designs: practice guidelines; systematic reviews or meta-analyses; reviews; randomized, controlled trials; controlled clinical trials; and comparative studies. In addition, we searched the PubMed and Physician Data Query (PDQ) (www.cancer.gov/search/clinical_trials/) databases and reviewed relevant conference proceedings (American Society of Hematology, 1997 to 1999, and American Society of Clinical Oncology, 1999 to 2000), article bibliographies, and personal files. To address the issue of optimal chemotherapy, we performed an additional search of the same databases using the term multiple myeloma (MeSH) combined with randomized, controlled trials (MeSH) and the text word random in the title.
We selected study reports meeting one of the three following criteria: randomized trial or meta-analysis of therapy for patients with myeloma that reported survival or quality-of-life outcomes; nonrandomized comparative trial that addressed transplantation strategy, including a contemporaneous control group, and that reported survival or quality-of-life outcomes; or economic evaluation that addressed transplantation strategy. Because of insufficient data on the specifics of the transplantation process and the patients who would be most likely to benefit from transplantation, we performed a second search, which identified data from noncomparative case-series studies.
Data Extraction and Interpretative Summary
Three members of the DSG, including an epidemiologist, determined eligibility of the articles and abstracts obtained from the literature search. The lead DSG member for this guideline extracted and summarized relevant data according to the guideline question addressed. The DSG members then reviewed the summarized data and key articles. The DSG met formally three to four times annually; at these meetings, the members methodologically assessed the articles, interpreted the data, and debated specific points in an attempt to reach a consensus.
Synthesizing the Evidence
Because all of the nine randomized trials on transplantation addressed different questions, we did not statistically pool the data.
DSG Consensus Process
Through an iterative process that included debate at formal meetings and circulation of draft recommendations, we considered the implications of the appraised data for each guideline question. With this process, attempts were made to reach consensus; when this was impossible, minority opinions were recorded. Approval by each member of the DSG was required before circulation of the draft version for practitioner feedback and submission of the final guideline to the PGCC.
Practitioner Feedback
To obtain practitioner feedback, we mailed a survey to 211 practitioners in Ontario (94 hematologists, 93 medical oncologists, and 24 radiation oncologists). The survey consisted of standardized items asking the practitioner to rate the quality of each draft guideline and to judge whether the draft recommendations should serve as a practice guideline. Written comments were invited. Follow-up reminders were sent at 2 weeks (by postcard) and 4 weeks (entire package). After exclusion of 18 retired practitioners, 137 of 193 practitioners (71%) responded; 90 of 137 respondents (66%) indicated that the guideline was relevant to their practice. Approval of the draft guideline was strong among these 90 practitioners: 91% agreed or strongly agreed that the summary of the evidence was acceptable, 87% agreed with the draft recommendations, and 81% approved of the recommendations as a practice guideline. Thirty-nine respondents provided written comments; these comments were, like the other responses, incorporated in the final guideline.
Sixty-six reports met the criteria for inclusion and are categorized in Table 1. In each section below, we describe the studies, summarize results, and describe the guideline development.
Table 1. Evidence Included in This Practice Guideline Report
What Is Optimal Standard-Dose Chemotherapy for Patients with Multiple Myeloma?
To properly compare transplantation with conventional chemotherapy, we must define optimal conventional chemotherapy. We identified 30 randomized trials comparing therapies in previously untreated patients. Four meta-analyses (6-9) evaluated these data.
The Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group (7) compared combination chemotherapy with melphalan plus prednisone in a meta-analysis of 27 trials. Twenty of these trials supplied individual-patient data. No difference in survival was detected. The proportional reduction in the annual odds of death was 1.5% in favor of combination chemotherapy (95% CI, −8% to 5%; P > 0.2), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.99 (CI, 0.93 to 1.05). An earlier literature-based meta-analysis (6) of 18 trials also failed to detect a survival difference between groups (OR, 1.04 [CI, 0.90 to 1.19]; P > 0.2). Two meta-analyses evaluated interferon for multiple myeloma. An overview of 24 randomized trials published in abstract form (8) demonstrated that interferon improved recurrence-free survival by 6 months and improved 3-year overall survival by 4%. Another meta-analysis (9) measured survival by a unique measure called the "mean lifetime survival." This meta-analysis found no difference in survival rate between the group receiving interferon and the group not receiving interferon (3.9 vs. 3.4 years, respectively; P = 0.095).
Guideline Recommendation
Multiagent chemotherapy or melphalan plus prednisone is appropriate therapy for a control group in a comparison of transplantation versus standard-dose therapy. The addition of interferon is unlikely to influence outcomes in the control group.
In Terms of Survival, Is Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem-Cell or Bone Marrow Transplantation Better than Conventional Chemotherapy?
We reviewed two randomized and three nonrandomized comparisons (Table 2). Attal and colleagues (3) randomly assigned 200 previously untreated patients younger than 65 years of age with stage II or III (40) myeloma to conventional chemotherapy or to a strategy that included autologous bone marrow transplantation. Patients were randomly assigned before therapy began. Conventional therapy consisted of 12 months of vincristine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone–vincristine, carmustine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (VMCP–BVAP). Beginning with the ninth chemotherapy cycle, patients in this group received interferon, 3 million units/m2 three times weekly. Patients randomly assigned to transplantation first received four to six cycles of VMCP–BVAP; patients who had a good performance status (World Health Organization performance status below grade 3), a serum creatinine level less than 150 µmol/L (<1.7 mg/dL), and an adequate bone marrow harvest collected after the fourth chemotherapy cycle received melphalan, 140 mg/m2, and total-body irradiation, 800 cGy, followed by reinfusion of autologous bone marrow. After hematologic recovery, patients received interferon. The investigators analyzed the data on an intention-to-treat basis. Event-free and overall survival improved with autologous transplantation. In a subset analysis, this benefit appeared confined to patients younger than 61 years of age.
Table 2. Comparison of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem-Cell or Marrow Transplantation with Conventional Therapy
A second randomized trial (median follow-up, 56 months) assessed patients 55 to 65 years of age and was published in abstract form (4). The investigators detected no difference in event-free or overall survival between those receiving high-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplant and those receiving conventional VMCP. Three nonrandomized studies compared autologous bone marrow or peripheral stem-cell transplantation with matched (10, 11) or historical (12) controls receiving conventional therapy. All three reported superior outcomes in the patients undergoing transplantation.
A cost-effectiveness analysis using pooled data from published reports concluded that high-dose therapy with stem-cell reinfusion was cost-effective (13). The marginal cost increase associated with autologous transplantation was approximately $26 000 per life-year gained compared with conventional treatment.
Guideline Recommendation. When the DSG initially assessed this question, only the data from Attal and colleagues were available. The DSG agreed that the trial by Attal and colleagues was well conducted, but opinions varied about whether this evidence warranted a statement that autologous transplantation should be "recommended" or "offered" to specific patient groups. While remaining committed to principles of patient participation and autonomy in treatment decision making, there was consensus that the evidence supported transplantation as the "preferred" option and should be "recommended" to appropriate patients with stage II or III disease.
The DSG revisited this debate after receiving practitioner feedback on the draft recommendations. Nine respondents thought that one randomized trial provided insufficient evidence for the DSG to "recommend" stem-cell transplantation. They suggested that publication of the guideline be delayed until further evidence emerged or that the guideline be reworded to say that physicians should "offer" transplantation to appropriate candidates. After considering these options, the DSG again concluded that Attal and colleagues' study supporting the recommendation was well done and represented the "preferred" option.
After a literature search update located a second randomized trial (in abstract form) (4), the DSG again reconsidered its recommendation. The DSG concluded that while this trial was large and appeared well conducted, the nature of the publication (preliminary results reported in abstract form) was insufficient to cause a substantial change in the initial recommendations. However, as with the subset analysis performed by Attal and colleagues, which demonstrated that transplantation benefits were specifically identified in patients 60 years of age or younger, we recognized the potential for an interaction between age and treatment effect. The statement to "recommend" transplantation was thus reworded to indicate that the supporting data were strongest for patients younger than 55 years of age.
What Is the Relative Efficacy of Autologous and Allogeneic Transplantation?
No reported randomized trial has compared autologous with allogeneic transplantation. Table 3 summarizes three nonrandomized comparisons. The European Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (14) reported a case–control comparison of 189 patients receiving allogeneic sibling donor transplants and 189 patients receiving autologous stem-cell transplants. Median survival was superior with autologous transplantation. The treatment-related mortality rate was 41% with allogeneic transplantation compared with 13% with autologous transplantation (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the relapse rate was higher in patients undergoing autologous transplantation (70% vs. 50% at 48 months; P = 0.04).
Table 3. Nonrandomized Comparisons between Autologous and Allogeneic Transplantation
Table 3 also summarizes two smaller concurrent cohort comparisons (15, 16) from single centers. Neither report detailed the reasons for assignment to autologous or allogeneic transplantation. Varterasian and colleagues (15) detected no difference in median event-free or overall survival; Couban and colleagues (16) reported superior median survival for the group undergoing autologous transplantation.
Guideline Recommendation. Although comparative data are limited, survival appears superior with autologous transplantation. The DSG members unanimously decided to recommend autologous transplantation as the standard transplantation option. Two practitioners responded to this draft recommendation by indicating a potential future role of allogeneic transplantation. The DSG agreed that while ongoing clinical trials to improve allogeneic transplantation technology should be encouraged, autologous transplantation should be considered the present standard option.
What Specifics of the Transplantation Procedure Can Be Recommended?
Autologous transplantation is a complex procedure with several distinct components. We attempted to evaluate optimal pretransplantation chemotherapy, stem-cell source, role of stem-cell purging or selection, high-dose therapy regimen, single versus double transplant, and posttransplantation therapy.
Pretransplantation Chemotherapy
Pretransplantation chemotherapy could influence ultimate disease control; we identified no study assessing this question. Initial chemotherapy may also affect the ability to harvest sufficient stem cells and might therefore affect stem-cell engraftment (41). This concern has been suggested regarding melphalan use. In Attal and colleagues' study (3), patients received four to six cycles of alkylating agent–based chemotherapy (VMCP–BVAP) before bone marrow harvest. Ten percent of the patients in the transplantation group had insufficient harvests and could not receive the assigned transplant.
No randomized trial has assessed pretransplantation therapy. Two case series addressed the effect of cumulative alkylating agent exposure on stem-cell harvest quality (27, 28). Tricot and colleagues (27) performed a multivariate analysis of factors predicting engraftment in 225 patients with myeloma undergoing double autologous stem-cell transplantation. The end points of the study were time to platelet (>50 × 109/L) and neutrophil (>0.5 × 109 cells/L) engraftment; both were inversely correlated with alkylating agent exposure (for granulocytes, any exposure; for platelets, exposure for >1 month). Prince and colleagues (28) evaluated the effect of previous melphalan exposure on the ability to harvest stem cells in 54 consecutive collections of peripheral blood stem cells in 37 patients (28). Only 32% of patients receiving more than four courses of melphalan had collections meeting threshold values compared with 85% of those receiving zero to four courses (P = 0.001).
Guideline Recommendation. Previous exposure to alkylating agent may reduce the ability to harvest sufficient stem cells. A threshold melphalan dose that precludes successful harvesting has not been conclusively identified. Given these data and available alternatives, the DSG concluded that it is prudent to avoid exposure to melphalan before stem-cell collection when transplantation is a consideration. High-dose glucocorticoid-based regimens, such as vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (VAD), are preferable for these patients.
Source of Stem Cells: Bone Marrow versus Peripheral Blood
The use of peripheral blood stem cells results in faster engraftment of neutrophils and platelets (42). Evidence suggests that using peripheral blood stem cells in patients with myeloma might reduce malignant cell contamination of the autograft (43). One randomized trial, which was reported in abstract form, described a comparison between bone marrow and peripheral blood as the stem-cell source in patients with myeloma (17). In that trial, 133 patients received peripheral blood stem cells and 89 received autologous bone marrow. Neutrophil engraftment was faster in patients receiving peripheral blood stem cells (9.7 vs. 12.2 days; P < 0.001). The study detected no difference in toxic deaths, response rates, or 2-year survival. Three nonrandomized studies reported comparisons of peripheral blood stem cells with autologous bone marrow (23-25); one of these studies included patients with breast cancer (25). Each study demonstrated faster engraftment with peripheral blood stem cells, and one trial also detected an advantage in transfusion needs, antibiotic use, and hospital days (25).
Two studies assessing economic end points have addressed this topic: Duncan and colleagues (29) performed a cost-minimization analysis to compare transplantation using peripheral blood stem cells with autologous bone marrow; Powles and colleagues (30) included data on cost in a nonrandomized comparison that assessed tolerance of post-transplantation interferon as the primary outcome. Both analyses demonstrated that peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation had economic advantages.
Guideline Recommendation. On the basis of differences in outcomes affected by engraftment rate, the DSG favored the use of peripheral blood stem cells as the stem-cell source.
Role of Stem-Cell Purging or Selection
The presence of malignant cells in harvested stem cells could contribute to disease recurrence. Investigators have attempted different methods to reduce malignant contamination. Stewart and colleagues (18) reported preliminary results of a randomized trial comparing outcomes in 93 patients receiving selected CD34+ stem cells with the outcomes in 97 patients receiving unselected peripheral blood stem cells. Molecular testing showed that tumor contamination decreased with stem-cell selection. During a median follow-up of 37.2 months, the study detected no difference in survival (P > 0.2).
Guideline Recommendation. Insufficient data exist to recommend purging or stem-cell selection outside a clinical trial.
High-Dose Therapy Preparative Regimen
Two comparative trials—one randomized and one nonrandomized, both reported in abstract form (19, 26)—assessed the role of total-body irradiation. In a randomized trial comparing outcomes in newly diagnosed patients undergoing peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation, 113 patients received melphalan, 140 mg/m2, plus total-body irradiation, and 108 received melphalan, 200 mg/m2, alone (19). This study detected no difference in response rate or 2-year survival. Total-body irradiation was associated with longer durations of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, increased red cell and platelet transfusion requirements, and more days of intravenous antibiotic therapy. Björkstrand and colleagues (26) analyzed data from the European Blood Marrow Transplantation Registry for 1905 patients who underwent autologous transplantation for myeloma. Regimens that included total-body irradiation were associated with an inferior survival rate.
Guideline Recommendation. In the randomized trial demonstrating a benefit for autologous transplantation compared with conventional-dose chemotherapy (3), the conditioning therapy received by transplant recipients included total-body irradiation. The DSG therefore initially considered this regimen to be the standard of care outside a clinical trial. On the basis of preliminary results of the above two studies reported in abstract form, the DSG concluded that either high-dose melphalan, 200 mg/m2, alone or melphalan, 140 mg/m2, with total-body irradiation could be considered standard therapy.
Single versus Double Transplants
Three studies—two randomized trials (20, 21) and one nonrandomized comparison (26)—assessed the role of double autologous transplantations performed in succession; these data, which were published in abstract form, are shown in Table 4. This therapy, called "tandem transplantation," includes a planned second transplant following recovery from a first transplantation. This practice is in contrast to performing a second transplantation after disease progression following a first transplantation. Both randomized studies failed to detect a difference in event-free or overall survival. In one of the three studies (26), a secondary analysis of the patients who received a second transplant demonstrated prolonged relapse-free and event-free survival (P = 0.03) for patients receiving tandem transplants. A nonrandomized comparison of data submitted to the European Bone Marrow Transplant Registry demonstrated superior progression-free survival in the patients undergoing tandem transplantation (data points not reported); the study detected no survival difference (21).
Table 4. Comparison of Single versus Double (Tandem) Transplantation of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells or Marrow
Guideline Recommendation. Comparative trials are susceptible to selection bias when outcomes of patients who actually receive a second transplant are compared with those who received a single transplant. Randomized trials analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis are needed to address this question. The DSG concluded that the current data do not support the standard use of tandem transplants.
Post-transplantation Therapy
Because transplantation appears noncurative, maintenance therapy, such as with interferon, may be used in an attempt to improve disease control and survival. In the randomized comparison of transplantation with conventional-dose chemotherapy (3), both groups received interferon until disease progression. It is not possible to factor out the contribution of this agent to the success of the high-dose treatment strategy. Two comparative trials tested use of maintenance interferon after autologous transplantation.
Cunningham and colleagues (22) reported outcomes in 84 patients randomly assigned to interferon, 3 million units three times weekly until disease progression, or to no maintenance therapy. The data suggested a trend toward prolonged progression-free survival in the interferon group (median, 48 vs. 27 months; P = 0.11); the study found no difference in survival. A nonrandomized comparison assessing data from 1905 patients on file with the European Bone Marrow Transplant Group demonstrated that post-transplantation interferon as maintenance treatment was associated with prolonged survival (21).
Guideline Recommendation. The evidence for benefit of interferon is conflicting, and the DSG could not reach a consensus on this issue. Some DSG members considered interferon to be an essential part of the therapeutic plan described by Attal and coworkers (3); these members believed that deleting this component could result in inferior outcomes. Other members believed that without data from randomized trials demonstrating a survival advantage, the toxicity of this agent precludes routine use.
When Should Transplantation Be Performed?
In the randomized trial demonstrating superior event-free and overall survival in patients receiving an autologous transplant (3), bone marrow was harvested early after diagnosis and transplantation was performed at a median of 5.5 months after therapy began. One randomized trial compared early with late autologous transplantation in patients with stem-cell collection shortly after commencing therapy (31); among 202 patients, 185 were randomly assigned to receive an autologous transplant as part of initial therapy or upon disease progression. In an intention-to-treat analysis, disease progression was delayed in the 91 patients receiving early transplantation compared with the 94 patients assigned to late transplantation (median event-free survival, 39 months [CI, 29 to 48 months] vs. 13 months [CI, 9 to 18 months]; P value not reported). However, no difference in median survival between the groups was detected (64.6 vs. 64.0 months; P > 0.2). Time without symptoms, treatment, and treatment toxicity (TWISTT) was 27.8 months (CI, 23.8 to 31.8 months) for the early transplantation group and 22.3 months (CI, 16.0 to 28.6 months) for the late transplantation group.
Guideline Recommendation. Although delaying transplantation until disease progression in patients who have stem cells collected shortly after therapy initiation does not adversely affect survival, it may decrease the time without symptoms of myeloma or treatment toxicity without a clear potential for benefit. The DSG believed that transplantation as part of initial therapy was potentially advantageous; patients need to be counseled to determine individual preferences. The need for early stem-cell harvesting deserves emphasis because no comparative data indicate the efficacy of harvesting stem cells during disease progression.
Who Should (or Should Not) Receive a Transplant?
Age has been used as a proxy measure to determine the safety of performing autologous transplantation. A commonly stated upper-age threshold is 65 years. However, several reports described transplantation in older patients (32-36, 38, 39). The DSG identified two randomized trials and three nonrandomized comparisons addressing patient age. The study by Attal and colleagues comparing high-dose with standard-dose therapy enrolled patients up to 65 years of age (3); 42% of patients age older than 60 years did not complete the transplantation compared with 18% of patients 60 years of age or younger (P = 0.01). In a subset analysis based on intention to treat, transplantation was superior to standard-dose therapy in patients 60 years of age and younger, with no benefits detected in patients older than age 60 years. A second randomized trial comparing transplantation with conventional therapy in patients 55 to 65 years of age was reported in abstract form (4); this study failed to detect a difference in event-free or overall survival. Two case–control studies (34, 35) and one cohort study (36) have reported that patients older than 65 years of age can safely receive an autologous transplant, with no differences in outcomes detected between the older and younger patients.
Guideline Recommendation. The DSG had already concluded that data supporting autologous transplantation were strongest for patients younger than 55 years of age. Although transplantation may be safely performed in older patients, improvements in event-free and overall survival have only been documented in randomized trials for patients up to 60 years of age. Because age may be a proxy measure for aspects of disease biology, other comorbid illness, and treatment tolerance, physicians must use clinical judgment in recommending transplantation to patients older than 60 years of age.
The randomized trial supporting use of autologous transplantation over standard-dose therapy (3) included patients with renal dysfunction but with a serum creatinine level correcting to less than 150 µmol/L (<1.7 mg/dL) before transplantation. In patients with significant renal dysfunction, transplant-related toxicity may be greater, and the magnitude of benefits compared with those of standard-dose treatment might therefore be reduced. One case–control study (37) of 42 patients with a serum creatinine level greater than 200 µmol/L (>2.26 mg/dL) demonstrated that treatment toxicity was greater in patients with renal dysfunction; the observed difference in 3-year survival in patients with renal dysfunction versus controls was not statistically significant (44% vs. 59%; P = 0.15).
Guideline Recommendation. Although autologous transplantation is feasible in patients with serious renal dysfunction, whether these patients actually benefit from the treatment is unclear. Randomized data showing benefits for transplantation have been limited to patients with a serum creatinine level less than 150 µmol/L (<1.7 mg/dL); interpretation of the case–control study is limited by the study design and the small sample size. The DSG concluded that transplantation could not be recommended as standard therapy for patients with a creatinine level greater than 150 µmol/L (>1.7 mg/dL) until randomized trials can demonstrate a survival benefit for these patients. Renal dysfunction seen at diagnosis may improve with initial therapy for myeloma; these patients should be subsequently considered for high-dose therapy.
The Hematology DSG of the CCOPGI developed the guidelines presented here, which assess the role of stem-cell transplantation for patients with myeloma. These guidelines will be reviewed and updated every 6 months. Their recommendations are as follows:
Autologous transplantation is recommended for patients with stage II or III myeloma and good performance status. The evidence is strongest for patients younger than 55 years of age and a serum creatinine level less than 150 µmol/L (<1.7 mg/dL) after hydration and remission-inducing chemotherapy. Physicians must use their clinical judgment in recommending transplantation to other patients.
Allogeneic transplantation is not recommended as routine therapy.
Patients potentially eligible for transplantation should be referred for transplant assessment early after diagnosis and should not receive extensive exposure to alkylating agents, such as melphalan, before collection of stem cells. High-dose glucocorticoid-based regimens, such as VAD, are preferable for these patients.
Harvesting of autologous peripheral blood stem cells should be performed early in the patient's treatment course. Best available data suggest that transplantation is most advantageous when performed during initial therapy.
Comparative data regarding the specifics of the transplantation process are insufficient to allow definitive recommendations. In the absence of such data, the use of a single transplant with high-dose melphalan, 200 mg/m2, alone or melphalan, 140 mg/m2, with total-body irradiation is suggested for patients undergoing transplantation outside of a clinical trial.
At this time, no conclusions can be reached about the role of interferon following transplantation.
Note added in proof: These guideline recommendations are based on work completed in March 2001. New information necessitates that practice guidelines undergo regular updating. Based on a recent publication (44), the Hematology Site Group of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative now recommends that when patients with multiple myeloma undergo autologous transplantation, standard pretransplantation therapy should consist of melphalan, 200 mg/m2. Please see the Web site of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative (www.cancercare.on.ca/ccopgi/) for updated recommendations.
The following members contributed to this guideline: R. Meyer (Chair), H. Abu Zahra*, Ms. L. Baig*, I. Chin-Yee, Ms. B. Costello*, R.M. Crump, C. deMetz, H. Dhaliwal*, Ms. R. Esmail, P. Galbraith*, S. Gluck*, M. Gospodarowicz, L. Huebsch, K. Imrie, Mr. M. Kacsor, L. Kaizer, C.T. Kouroukis, J. MacEachern, J. Matthews, J. Meharchand, H. Messner, C. Sawka*, N. Shehata, A. Smith, I. Walker, and K. Yee.
*Has completed term with Hematology Disease Site Group.
A complete list of current Disease Site Group members is available on the Web site of the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative at www.cancercare.on.ca/ccopgi/.
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Motri City > Blog > Gaming > Why Won't My Minecraft Update?
Why Won't My Minecraft Update?
Can You Run Two Different Graphics Cards In SLI
Minecraft is a popular game that millions of people play every day. However, many players have been having trouble updating the game. In this blog post, we will discuss the possible reasons why your Minecraft update isn't working and how to fix it.
Minecraft might not update because it's trying to connect to a server that's down. Sometimes when you try to update Minecraft, the game fails to connect to the Mojang servers. This can be due to several reasons, such as a full server, your computer being unable to access the internet, or a problem with your internet connection. If you're having trouble updating Minecraft, try checking your internet connection and/or waiting a little while before trying again.
The Minecraft Update Process
Every update for Minecraft is available for players on all platforms. The process for updating your game will depend on which device you are playing the game on.
On PC, Mac, and Linux platforms, the game will typically update automatically when a new version is released. You can also manually check for updates by launching the launcher and clicking "Check for Updates."
On mobile devices, you will need to check for updates in the app store and manually download any available updates.
On Xbox and PlayStation consoles, Minecraft can be updated automatically when connected to the internet or manually by loading the game disc and allowing it to update on its own.
Updates for Minecraft can be large and require a lot of downloading, so it's important to make sure your device has plenty of free space before attempting to update the game.
Once the update is installed and downloaded, your game will be ready to play with all of the new content that comes with it.
It's important to make sure you're always running the latest version of Minecraft in order to access all of the new features and bug fixes that come with updates.
It's also a good idea to read the update notes for each version, so you know what changes have been made to the game.
Why Might Your Minecraft Not Be Updating?
If you are playing on a PC, Mac, or Linux and the game isn't automatically updating itself when a new version is released; there could be a few different reasons why it isn't working.
It could be due to there being an issue with your internet connection, or it could be the game is not set up correctly to check for updates.
If you have a slow connection, this can also cause the update process to take longer than usual or freeze it altogether.
It could also be that your game version is too old and needs to be updated manually.
Finally, some players have reported that the update process itself can fail for unknown reasons, causing the game to remain on an older version that won't be updated via the usual channels.
If you are playing on a console, it could be that the update hasn't been released yet for your region.
Console versions of Minecraft can take longer to receive updates compared to the PC version, so make sure you check if any recent updates have been released for your region by visiting the official website.
In some cases, if you are playing on an older version of Minecraft, the game may no longer be supported and won't receive any further updates.
Check the official website to find out more about when support for your version of the game ended and whether or not a new version is available.
It's also important to note that due to the ever-changing nature of the game, you may not be able to access certain features if you are playing on an older version.
Sometimes, Minecraft may not update due to technical or other issues. However, it is important to check for updates regularly and make sure your version of the game is up-to-date in order to access all the features and content available. If you are having difficulty updating your game, there are a few steps you can take, such as checking your internet connection, making sure the game is set up correctly to receive updates, or manually downloading and installing a new version. If you are still having difficulty updating your game, it may be time to reach out to the Minecraft community for additional help.
Jason Buckner January 3, 2023
Jason Buckner
Jason Buckner is a technical writer and content creator. He has a passion for helping people understand complex topics, and he enjoys using his writing skills to make information more accessible. Jason is also an experienced software engineer, and he brings a unique perspective to his writing. When he's not working, Jason enjoys spending time with his wife and two young children.
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Description: Air Conditioner Electrical Circuit Diagrams Lovely Central 4 Air Conditioner Wiring Diagram Pdf Split Ac Gas Furnace Thermostat Air Conditioner Electrical Air Conditioner Electrical Circuit Diagrams #840 from the above 1024x768 resolutions which is part of the "DIY Needed" directory. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "Save full resolution" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.
Certainly one of one of the most widespread electrical wiring thoughts is on how to wire a switch. When applying switches at home is quite quick, wiring a person may not be that effortless for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is actually quite simple to wire. You can find several types of switches, but for this example, let's say that you are putting in a single-pole toggle switch, a very popular change (along with the most basic).
There are 3 hues of wires inside of a common single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and inexperienced. Splice the black wire in two and link them within the terminal screws - a person on top and the other on the base screw of your change. The white wire serves like a supply of uninterrupted power and is particularly typically related to your mild coloured terminal screw (e.g., silver). Link the inexperienced wire to the ground screw of your respective switch.
These measures would normally be enough to produce a normal swap perform with out a dilemma. However, when you are not self-confident that you can carry out the undertaking properly and safely and securely you far better enable the pros do it in its place. Soon after all, there is a motive why this task is among the commonest electrical wiring queries questioned by most of the people.
For many explanation, the way to wire a ceiling fan is also certainly one of by far the most popular electrical wiring issues. To simplify this undertaking, you can utilize just one switch for a single ceiling fan. To wire the admirer, it is really only a issue of connecting the black wire in the ceiling fan to your black wire in the swap. If there is a light-weight, the blue wire really should be linked on the black wire from the change likewise.
You will discover reasons why these are definitely probably the most usually questioned electrical wiring queries. A single, a lot of assume it can be very simple to complete, and two, they're the common electrical tasks at home. But then you shouldn't set your protection at risk within your aim to save cash. The stakes could even be a great deal bigger in the event you attempt to save cash and do an electrical wiring occupation without the need of ample expertise or working experience.