text:
Anastasia Tsirtsakis
New roadmap for treatment of acute pancreatitis
Experts hope the research will change the mindset of clinicians to better target treatment strategies.
Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common diseases around the world, and can be potentially life-threatening.
Acute pancreatitis is not uncommon. It has an annual global incidence rate of 4.9–73.4 cases per 100,000 people, with Australia sitting at the higher end of the spectrum.
For some, it has the potential of being life-threatening and, to date, there is still no specific treatment.
But there is hope according to a new roadmap published in the British Society of Gastroenterology's journal Gut.
Developed by an international team of experts, it pinpoints the two most significant thresholds of the disease that could serve as a starting point for targeting treatment strategies.
Lead author Dr Savio Barreto, a gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeon and researcher from Flinders University, told newsGP the first threshold is when the patient is first exposed to some damage.
'It could be alcohol, it could be gallstones, or it could be a mix of the two … and it can take the pancreas to a point that then starts an inflammatory cascade that's associated with severe disease,' he said.
'The second threshold is where the patient then decides I've got severe pain in my abdomen, I'm going to call the ambulance to go into hospital.
'But 70% of patients who come to hospital actually have a mild form of the disease. So if you can start to focus on targeting treatments to this group, they won't [necessarily] go down the terrible path of severe disease.'
While a specific treatment has yet to be discovered, Dr Barreto says much can be done to change the course of disease by using existing research and guidelines; but he also believes there needs to be a 'mindset change' and hopes the research will contribute.
'This study presents the most updated and comprehensive pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. But everything that we're saying in this paper is not new,' he said.
'Fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis is something that we've known for years – it's part of all the guidelines. But sadly, when patients reach emergency departments and are even diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, they don't always receive the necessary amount of intravenous (IV) fluids they require.
'So a simple thing to do – yes, it's not a magic bullet – just give the patient fluids, and that may prevent them progressing to the severe stage of organ damage, which is associated with risk of death.
'So it's changing the mindset of the way people look at acute pancreatitis. Rather than saying I cannot do anything about it once the wheels have been set into motion, [say] "No, we have an opportunity".'
Dr Barreto says this is also relevant to GPs, as they are often the 'first port of call' for patients with symptoms of acute pancreatitis.
'In the non-acute setting, the patient may come in with gallstones, for instance. Small gallstones worry me more than big gallstones because the small ones can travel down the bile passage (bile duct) more easily and cause pancreatitis,' he said.
'So those are the ones that should be referred early on to a surgeon for consideration of a cholecystectomy.
'In the acute setting, where a patient comes in saying "I have severe upper abdominal pain, it's going to my back and I'm very nauseated", the first step is to recognise that this patient could have acute pancreatitis based on the symptom cluster and consider transferring them to an emergency department early, rather than trying to just treat them with pain relief.'
However, for GPs in rural and remote areas, where there may be a delay in transferring the patient, Dr Barreto says more can be done in the interim to support the patient.
'Say I'm a GP in the country and I know this is acute pancreatitis and I have to transfer this patient three or four hours from now, in those four hours simple things you can do are analgesia and IV fluid resuscitation,' he said.
'Those are the important things that must be initiated so that the patient doesn't lose those valuable four hours while waiting for a transfer or in the process of being transferred to a tertiary care centre.'
While gallstones and alcohol use are the most common causes of acute pancreatitis, accounting for 60–75% of cases, Dr Barreto says it is not always one factor alone that causes an episode.
Rather, the research authors highlight the possibility of more than one risk factor working in tandem.
'Some patients say "I've just had a glass of wine, why did I develop it? I'm not a person who drinks a bottle of alcohol",' Dr Barreto said.
'It's a small amount of alcohol coupled with some sludge in the gallbladder, which may trigger off an episode of acute pancreatitis.'
For patients who have had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis and their history is known, Dr Barreto says GPs are paramount in continuing to educate patients around risks and prevention.
'I work in a tertiary centre and we give patients as much information as possible. But sometimes, let's be honest, we may miss out something, or sometimes the patient is so inundated with the whole episode of being in hospital that they may forget,' he said.
'So the GP serves as one of the biggest pivots around which our medical health system revolves, by reinforcing, reminding and empowering patients.'
acute pancreatitis alcohol use gallstones inflammation
Coronavirus may trigger onset of diabetes, study finds
Grieving daughter wants to improve detection of pancreatic cancer
Saving lives and money: Report provides 'powerful economic argument' for primary care funding


PEInfo is a program for a detailed analysis of the 32-bit EXE, DLL, OCX, BPL files and other produced according to Portable Executable File Format specification.
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Mother Earth, Gaia, sent out a call to the cosmos decades ago, for assistance in her ascension. Many thousands of beings answered Gaia's call and came. Some came to orbit Earth's solar system in their ships, others came into animal forms, while some incarnated into the human form.
I am one of such extraterrestrial beings who volunteered to come and chose to incarnate on Earth.
Every Star Being who incarnated has their own unique "Mission: Earth" as well as their own unique perspective. Most have much love and compassion in their hearts. However, not all Star Beings are here in 'service to others.' There are some who's intentions are more 'service to self.' Please do not fear them nor separate yourself from them in judgment. You do not have to condone their behavior, but we are all one and we each deserve unconditional love.
I have gained many memories of my home planet Faqui, located in the Andromedan Galaxy, and of my people, the Fajans. I also came to recall my personal Mission, which is to unite with and help awaken other 'Starseeds', and assist in lifting the vibrational energies for Earth's ascension. Raising the vibration happens naturally because our souls carry the vibration from our Home Planets. This is the reason many of us incarnated. To be on Earth right now is very exciting! Gaia is being monitored by an unfathomable amount of Beings! It is time to put our character to test and try to be the best Beings we can, by helping one another. This is Humanity's hour – to evolve with Mother Earth and go forward in your divine right! We came to be of assistance.
This touching song reminds me of the day my soul chose to incarnate on Earth. I was streaming tears being reminded of the importance of my 'Mission: Earth'. Open your heart and let it soar!
Thank you Michael Jackson, one of Earth's precious ET incarnates, for gifting us with so much, including this last tribute to Earth before you left. I love you star-brother.


A wish field is a singular various to a visitor e-book and is suitable for a marriage or bridal shower. As you venture into a new journey of life holding each other's arms with vows of love, devotion, and loyalty, needs that the perfume of your love hold spreading with time. If you are significantly near this individual, make it possible for's reflected in your card – and ensure to welcome the brand new addition to your family. You have been the best sister on the planet, and I know you will also make the best wife! A marriage ceremony day is a joyous occasion, and only the primary of many you'll share as a couple. Congratulations" is often the essential message folks want to specific once they sign a marriage card.
If you need needs in one other languages then please send your query by contact us from and i'll publish wishes in some one other languages on my weblog. When writing a marriage card for household, you'll be able to go very normal or very private—it's completely up to you and the type of message you wish to convey. Mark, I'm nonetheless reeling with the shock of you touchdown someone as heat, funny and drop-dead attractive as Judith. If the couple are spiritual, opt for a religious card – this could make point out of God, or quote the couple's religious ebook of alternative. The bride will especially love this lovely marriage ceremony wish straight from the guts. Guests who want to write a funny message ought to make sure that the joke isn?t sarcastic or insulting.
Remember that a number of the best wedding ceremony wishes often have a contact of humor However, there are numerous people who simply don't know methods to express their feelings and choose to use some outdated and nicely-identified sayings instead.
Your companion is there to carry your hand not only throughout the marriage day, but for the remainder of your life. I can't consider I'm writing you wedding wishes, but it surely's true, my finest good friend not single anymore and ready to be part of the married club. Wish them a memorable and a wonderful wedding with this heat sms or non-public message.
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text:
sudo apt-get update -q
sudo apt-get install -y puppet

#download puppet install script
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Aeronbroker/Aeron/master/puppet/install.pp

#apply puppet install script
sudo puppet apply install.pp

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"Add all" and "Remove all" feature for [Angular UI-Select](https://github.com/angular-ui/ui-select)
==========================================================

Using
-----
### 1) Install via bower
    bower install angular-ui-select-add-remove-all --save

### 2) Add script

	<script type="text/javascript" src="components/-somewhere-/ui-select-add-remove-all/ui-select-add-remove-all-directive.js"></script>

### 3) Add dependency `ui.select.addRemoveAll`

	angular.module('myApp', [
		'ui.select',
		'ui.select.addRemoveAll'
	]);

### 4) Add directive `ui-select-add-remove-all`

	<ui-select multiple
	           data-ui-select-add-remove-all
			   data-ng-model="$ctrl.selectedCountry"
		>
		<ui-select-choices repeat="country as country in $ctrl.countries | filter: $select.search">
			{{country}}
		</ui-select-choices>
	</ui-select>

### 5) Manually add items "- ADD ALL -" and "- REMOVE ALL -" to item list in controller.

Note: I'm not able to add this two items automatically into existing component yet. It is reason, why you have to do it manually. :-(

	$ctrl.countries = [
		"- ADD ALL -",
		"- REMOVE ALL -",
		"USA",
		"Czech republic",
		"Germany"
	];


The Huawei Y7 2018 is a budget phone from Huawei that offers a nice combination of an affordable price tag and good specs. This is an updated version of their popular Huawei Y7 which offered the same combination and was quite popular among all the budget phones. To learn more about this phone and the Huawei Y7 2018 Nigeria price, continue reading.
Considering the price of this phone, the Huawei Y7 2018 is quite a good-looking phone with a decent amount of screen-to-body ratio. For those of you who are familiar with the design of the original Huawei Y7 or Huawei Y7 Prime, it's a big change and looks surprisingly premium. Right after the Huawei Y7 2018 release date Nigeria, it can be found in three attractive colors: gold, black and blue. The Blue Mirror color gives the phone a surprisingly luxurious look although it also means the back side will be a fingerprint magnet. It's HD+ resolution makes the display look even better and users get a bigger display in a comparatively smaller body. There is no home button in the front side so the fingerprint sensor can be found on the back of the phone. Users will find three separate card slots which is also a noteworthy feature of this phone.
From what we have seen in all the promotional campaigns, Huawei is trying to push this phone to young people and focusing more on it's front camera rather than its rear camera. It's not necessarily a bad thing as the 8-megapixel camera definitely offers good results for a phone in this price range and comes with features like selfie toning flash, smart auto-adjustments and studio-quality lighting effect. Users also get face unlock feature and Animoji like stickers using Huawei AR lens feature. The rear camera of this phone is not bad either as it's a 13-megapixel one. As the phone is not available everywhere yet, we will have to wait for the Huawei Y7 2018 release date Nigeria to find out more about it's camera. For now, there is the Asus Zenfone 3 and Xiaomi Redmi Note 5 you can check out.
As mentioned earlier, the Huawei Y7 2018 is a budget phone and the processor won't indicate otherwise. It's a Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 MSM8937 processor paired with 2GB of RAM. It will include only 16GB built-in storage which is surprising for a recently released phone. Other notable features include: microUSB port, GPS, fingerprint sensor, EMUI 8.0 and Android 8.0 operating system. If you are in the market for a phone with good battery, the Xiaomi Mi Max 2 and Asus Zenfone Max 2016 are two phones worth checking out. Compared to the Huawei Y7 2018 Nigeria price, these phones are in the same price range.
The Huawei Y7 2018 will be available for about ₦ 63000 . It's available in some places so the Huawei Y7 2018 release date Nigeria can be expected soon.
The y7 2018 Mobile Phone is manufactured by Huawei and was added around May 2018 and is part of the Huawei Y7 2018 series.
This version of the Mobile Phone comes in Color : Blue , Capacity : 32 GB , Band : LTE , Display Size : 5.5 Inch , Sim Cards Slots : Single Sim , Special Features : Touch Screen , Device RAM : 3 GB.
The model comes in 9 other variations including combination of LTE Band , 32 GB Capacity , Blue Color , 3 GB Device RAM , 5.5 Inch Display Size , Single Sim Cards Slots , Touch Screen Special Features.
The best price for the Huawei Y7 2018 in Nigeria is ₦ 74500 sold at kara and available with free shipping and delivery within 2-3 days (5-7 days for heavy items).


STEM for kids (K-12) educates students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Each STEM workshop will be taught in a content based hands-on and experimental format.
Each month will concentrate on a different STEM area including Rocketry, Robotics, Biomedical, and Space.
STEM classes are offered Wednesdays from 6:00 PM to 8:00 PM at the Launch Learning Center 1313 S. Washington Ave Titusville FL (Google Map).
Cost is $20.00 for one 60 minute session or $60.00 for four 60 minute sessions a month (a $20.00 savings).


text:
China fines tech giants for not censoring banned content ahead of October's party congress
Published Mon, Sep 25 201710:31 PM EDT Updated Mon, Sep 25 201711:07 PM EDT
Saheli Roy Choudhury@sahelirc
Chinese internet watchdog said on Monday that it has imposed maximum fines on tech giants Baidu, Tencent and Sina Weibo for failing to adequately deal with online content
The Cyberspace Administration of China said the companies did not do enough to deal with pornography, violence and other banned content on their platforms
Though the regulator did not specify the fine amount, the country's new cybersecurity law suggests it could be up to 500,000 yuan
People read on mobile phone while waiting for the train in Tianjin railway station.
Zhang Peng | LightRocket | Getty Images
Chinese authorities said on Monday that they have handed down maximum fines to the operators of three major social-media platforms in the country for failing to deal with pornography, violence and other banned content on their sites.
The affected platforms are Baidu's online forum Tieba, microblogging site Weibo and Tencent's massively popular social app WeChat. In August, authorities had said the respective operators were under investigation for cybersecurity violations.
The Cyberspace Administration of China, the watchdog that monitors online activities, issued a notice saying tech giants Baidu and Sina Weibo were handed maximum fines under the new cybersecurity law for "failing to fulfill their management duties" in dealing with pornographic and violent content, as well as information that "promotes ethnic hatred."
Separately, the watchdog's Guangdong office issued a similar notice that handed the same maximum fine to Tencent.
The regulators did not specify the maximum amount that the companies could be fined. But under the new cybersecurity guidelines that went into effect earlier this year, it could be up to 500,000 yuan ($76,000) — a relatively small amount for Baidu, Tencent and Weibo. For context, Tencent's total revenue for 2016 was $21.9 billion.
Tencent and Weibo did not immediately return CNBC's requests for comment.
A Baidu spokesperson referred CNBC to a statement the company made in August when regulators began their investigation. In the statement, the company apologized and said it would work with authorities to rectify the situation and improve the platform's information verification efforts.
Separately, Facebook-owned messaging service WhatsApp seemed to be functioning properly Tuesday morning after it earlier appeared to have been blocked again on the mainland. Users had said then that they were unable to access the service without a virtual private network (VPN) connection that usually helps to bypass censorship.
Some reports indicated the service may have been unavailable since September 20. WhatsApp was previously blocked by China in July before it resumed service.
Facebook did not immediately return CNBC's request for comment.
In January, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology embarked on a 14-month campaign to "clean up" China's internet connections by March 31, 2018. The ministry had said that, while China's internet access service market is facing "a rare opportunity for development," there are also signs of "disorderly development" needing to be rectified.
New cybersecurity measures went into effect in June in a move touted by Beijing as a milestone in data privacy regulations, but critics said authorities hadn't provided enough information about how the wide-reaching law would be implemented.
In recent months, China has raised the pressure on the country's internet space in what some say is an attempt to exert control in the lead up to the Communist Party Congress next month.
Beijing doubled down on its crackdown of the domestic internet in July, after news had emerged that Apple pulled several VPN services from the local version of the App Store in a move that was met by a wave of online criticism.
Reports also said that authorities went after China's top live-streaming services in July.
— CNBC's Barry Huang contributed to this article.
SINA Corp
Tencent Holdings Ltd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Have you had a teacher that is extraordinary great at their work, that you think deserves recognition?
Nominate your choice with a motivation to why the teacher shall win "Teacher of the year". The motivation doesn´t have to be long, but filled with love and gratification. The three teachers with the most nominations will go through to the next step where we will choose the teacher with the best/most motivating comments.
Next PostNext Are you the next president of HI TECH?


Pink Cotton Rug Oslo - This collection offers true versatility in its simplicity. In a range of shades to complement bold colour schemes these rugs are made of 100% cotton. This ensures strong durability whilst maintaining exceptional softness. Good looking plain rugs in a range of contemporary colours.


text:
Amazon Travel, Tours and Expeditions in Brazil
≡ Main Menu ≡ Close
About Indians - Indian Myths
Further Brazil travel modules
The Trip of a Lifetime!
Sampling Deep Amazônia
Secrets of the Amazon: The Satéré-Mawê in the Rio Marau Region
Amazon Adventure: Jaú National Park and Further
Amazon Expeditions
Rio Negro Rainforest Experience
Monte Caburaí Amazon Expedition in Roraíma
Mount Roraima Tri-State Expedition
The Lone Guard of the Amazon
About the Amazon
Brazil's Highest Mountain: Pico da Neblina
Only 15 Minutes missing to reach the Pico da Neblina summit
itinerary day 1-7
itinerary day 8-14
Bei supporting and teaming up with YARIPO , the project for sustainable tourism within the boundaries of the yanomami tribe, we finally succeeded to restart our expeditions to the Pico da Neblina with immediate effect
Expeditions Overview
Focused on the goal: the top of the Pico da Neblina
Amazon Neblina Tours is a subdivision and the regional organization of Amazon Travel Brazil which in turn is a division of Southern Cross Tours & Expeditions, Among a variety of tours focusing on nature, cultural and social aspects in Brazil's wild and unknown back country, it is the journey to Brazil's highest mountain, the 2,994 m Pico da Neblina, located amidst the Amazonian rainforest, that is the most demanding – and the most rewarding – for the experienced traveler and hiker. As the only outfitter with an own operational basis in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, we offer to the demanding traveller the best option for expeditions and tours into the deep forest by putting safety and content as top priorities.
The Pico da Neblina at sundown
Situated in the Imeri Massif, in the federal state of Amazonas, the Pico da Neblina borders with Venezuela on its northern slope, and is part of the 22,000 km² Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina. The National Park is located between 01º 10' and 03º 02' northern latitude and 65º 03' and 66º 52' western longitude and is of difficult access. The participants of our expedition will make the experience of their life, when they encounter the untouched and untamed tropical rainforest, its enormous spectrum of species and its complex form of life and interactions in flora and fauna. The natural attractions include the igapós, flooded rainforests of the lowlands, the várzea forest with its fertile grounds, the terra firme with its enormous biodiversity (215 species of hard-wood trees alone) and also the nebular forest at the Pico da Neblina, where the richness of epiphytes, orchids and bromeliads, is just breathtaking, thus compensating the nature lover for the strenuous trail up to the "Pico".
Yanomami Indios with war paint
The target region is a totally isolated area with difficult access. The largely non-existence of human activities in the region, such as agriculture, stock farming, timber, mining, etc., except some subsistence activities including of small farmers and those of the Yanomami tribes, guarantees untouched nature and an undamaged ecosystem. The region hosts also the biggest Yanomami Indian reservation in Brazil.
As the only tour operator so far and to add still more value to our Neblina expedition, we have included a guaranteed stay at one of the Yanomami villages. We have also created the NOTIWA – Future Yanomami Fund, into which 200 US$ per traveler has to be paid to ensure health and education of the Yanomami children.
The Yanomamis cover an area of 96,650 km² in Brazil alone and number a population of 15,682 in the Federal States of Amazonas and Roraima, with approximately the same in size and population on the Venezuelan sides of both states. Hunters and farmers of the tropical rain forest, as they have always been, they faced, as many other tribes in Brazil and elsewhere, invasion of their territory by the timber industry, gold diggers, farming, plagues.
Very self-confident and autonomous in their decisions, they are very articulated and well organized in their dealings with the Federal Government agencies, namely FUNAI. The Yanomami call their environment "urihi", the forest-land, which to them is not an inert space, what we call nature, serving to sheer economic exploration. But instead they consider it a living entity integrated in a complex cosmologic – dynamic of interchange of humans and no humans. As such it finds itself today threatened by blind predation of the white man. As the visionary leader Davi Copenawa Yanomami alerts:
"The forest-land only can die if destroyed by the White man. Than, rapids will disappear and the earth and trees will dry and stones and mountains will split from the heat. The xapiripë spirits that live in the highlands and play in the forest will finally escape and their fathers, the shamans, can not call upon them anymore to protect us. The forest-land becomes dry and empty. The shamans will not be able to repel and to detain the smoke epidemics and the bad beings which bring us illness. This way, everybody will die."
The floating port of Manaus
To better comprehend this unique environment called Amazonia, we have included a stay at Belém, the Atlantic port city and capital of the federal state of Pará, from where the region was explored by the Portuguese colonialists in the early 17th century. We also consider a day in Manaus the capital of the federal state of Amazonia, important to understand past and presence of the development of the region. Starting point of the expedition however is the town of São Gabriel da Cachoeira (SGC), a military settlement and Salesian mission, right at the banks of the upper Rio Negro River. SGC is within reach by boat or plane (turboprop) from Manaus. Some 85 km of slick and tricky dirt road leads to the pier of the Ia-mirim river and requires four-wheel-drive and a top driver. To drive on this road during rainy days even a 4 wheel driven jeep needs extra manpower to make it through the mud. Two days on the Ia and Cauaburi rivers are needed to get to the mouth of the Tucano River, from where the expedition continues on foot (36 km). The Pico da Neblina peak will be reached after another five days.
Scientific Importance
Endemic flora at the top of Pico da Neblina
Beyond the scenic beauty of Brazils highest peak, it is the scientific importance of the Pico da Neblina National Park, that has been pointed out by many famous scientists like De Spruce, McGuire, Froes, Vanzoline, Prance, Pires and others, as being absolutely spectacular.
The high camps of the Pico da Neblina hosts the highest known endemic density of all Brazilian highland formations and about 50% of the undiscovered species are completely unknown territory for the science. Without a doubt, here, the future will reveal a new world, especially in botany.
Some of the animals and plants, which can be observed in the region:
Blue and yellow chested macaw, scarlet macaw, green winged macaw
Such as the non poisonous Theraposa leblondi, the biggest spider of the world, with a lifespan of up to 20 years, the very poisonous Loxoceles, Phoneutria and Lycosas, Latraodectus mactans (black widow)
Tapir, capybara, giant otter, paca, brown and black howler monkey, black uacari, spider monkey, dusky titi monkey, brown capuchin monkey, spider monkey, sloth, river dolphin
Piracurú, piranha, ornamental fish
Caiman, several kinds of poisonous snakes, iguanas, turtles
Dart-poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)
Papillion, Heliconius, morphs
Orchids, bromeliads, trees
Paechmea aquilega, Scuticarias, Coriantes, Cataseto, carnivorous such as Hellianphora tatei, Brachinnia, Drosera and Utricularias, caoutchouc trees (Hevea brasiliensis), Brazil-nut trees (Bertholletia excelsia), assaí and buriti palms
and many, many, more...
continue to the itinerary day 1-7
to the itinerary day 1-7
to the itinerary day 8-14
to the travelogue
to the guestcomments
to the prices & travel dates
Expedition Itinerary (day 1-7)
Downtown Manaus
Flight to Manaus with arrival estimated around noon and transfer to the hotel. After lunch the group starts for a sightseeing-tour. Manaus is the gateway to the inner Amazon region and has been of significant importance for the conquest of the whole region, a fact for which the jungle theatre and the harbour, included in our city tour, deliver rich testimony. With time left, we visit the confluence of the Rio Negro and Solimões rivers that form the great Amazon River.
Rapids near São Gabriel da Cachoeira
Early departure with Trip Linhas Aéreas to São Gabriel da Cachoeira, located on the upper Rio Negro. The group is welcomed by our Operation Manager Henrique Leão "Branco". Transfer to the hotel. During a stroll through the small town the permits from the National Park authority and the FUNAI will be collected. After returning to the hotel, the equipment and baggage will be checked and packed up for departure next day. In the late afternoon the outboard engine will be checked on a ride through the rapids of the Rio Negro. During the dinner the complete crew and participants will get acquainted. Overnight in São Gabriel da Cachoeira.
Taking a ride with a Amazon taxi
Departure from São Gabriel da Cachoeira at 8:00 am on board Toyota Jeep 4 × 4 to hit the dirt road to Frente Sul. Estimated travel time for the 85 km is 3 hours. Boarding of canoes on the Iá mirim river, which after about 30 minutes funnels into his brother, the bigger Iá river. After 1½ hours the Cauaburi river is reached and after another 3 hours canoe ride on the Cauaburi we arrive at the Maturacá channel and moor the canoes. Now a camp is pitched on safe location on the river banks to avoid that, after heavy rains on the river head sudden downstream swells might wash the camp away. We are going to pick up our Yanomami guides and carriers at Maturacá village. They will join in for dinner which has been prepared in the meantime. Overnight will be in hammocks.
Taking a refreshing bath in the river
Departure from the camp at 8:00 am to the mouth of the Tukano river which should be reached before noon. Canoes are moored, engines and gasoline are stashed away and the hike to the Pico da Neblina begins now. After 3 hs of mostly up and down hill hiking we arrive at a Yanomami plantation site called Cachoeira do Tukano. The Yanomamis maintain such plantations with banana, banioc, lime and other fruits also to support their hunting groups in the forest. There is time for a refreshing bath in the river. You may also want to check fishing skills and eventually contribute some fresh fish for dinner. Overnight is either in hammocks or tents.
Breakfast at the camp
As usual, we breakfast and leave camp at around 8:00 am, destination camp 3, called Bebedouro Velho, which could be translated into the "old water supply" or "water source". For the 12 km trail on pretty irregular terrain, requiring regular breaks, a total of 6 to 7 hours is estimated. The Bebedouro Velho is located at 400 m above sea level and offers splendid views of the Pico da Neblina and surrounding mountains. With the helping hands of our Yanomami guides the camp is pitched, fire lit and the dinner prepared. There is a wide choice of overnight options: hammock or tent!
Ascent through the dense jungle
From the Bebedouro Velho, a difficult trail, with plenty of ups and downs gets us to the Bebedouro Novo, or new water source or supply. A 460 m difference in altitude to the Bebedouro Velho, plus another 12.5 km of trail, sums up to a total of 860 m above sea level and 25 km of trail, making up an average of 6-7 hours of hiking for that stretch. The camp is pitched at a beautiful spot next to the Cuiabixi river, offering great bathing in the cascades, natural hydro massage for relaxation included. For the night we sleep again in the hammocks.
Adventurer with gold panner (garimpeiro)
Today we have to negotiate a short but steep trail of 6 km only that brings us to an altitude of 2,000 m above sea level. As usual, we travel an average of 6-7 hours. The temperature drops and the vegetation changes on the way to the Camp Base, situated below the peak of the Pico da Neblina. To get there, we will have to master, among a series other natural obstacles, like roots and trees and rocks and rivers, a swampy turf plateau where you get stock up to your knees with each step in the muddy terrain. After arriving and a well earned relax, the crew pitches the camp, while the others may want to visit the nearby camp of a lonesome garimpeiro (gold digger). On request, and to the disguise of the environmentalists and naturalists in the group, he will show how he washes the gold out of the rapid banks. No further activities are planned for the rest of the day, which certainly has been a very strenuous one for most of us.
continue to the itinerary day 8-14
Expedition Itinerary (day 8-14)
Smiling as he did it
The last leg (6 km) to the top of the Pico da Neblina, will take about 7 hours of heavy mountain trekking including 3 hours through swampy terrain, another 3 hours over a large plateau covered with loose boulder and rock, plus 1 hour climbing on the rope, for which technical climbing experience is not necessary. Provided everything running smoothly, a tired but happy group would arrive at the 2,994 m peak around 3:00 pm, with daylight at hand for admiration of the Imeri massif, and the infinite rainforest that stretches deep into the Venezuelan territory. Although Neblina means fog, you may be lucky with the weather and be able to take some great photos of this magnificent environment. For overnight in the tents on the peak you will need a sleeping bag for low temperatures of up to - 5º Celsius and warm clothing.
Impressing flora and fauna
Decamp, packing gear and returning to descend to the Bebedouro Novo with arrival there estimated for 2:00 pm approximately. No further activities are planned for the rest of the day. Again there is the Cuiabixi river for great bathing and refreshing.
An 8 hours hike always descending, straight to Cachoeira do Tukano, requires several breaks. An invigorating bath in the Tukano river after arrival there, will help to relax body and mind. Camp at the Cachoeira.
Travelling by boat is much more relaxing
Further descend to the mouth of the Tukano river. Picking up engine, gasoline and other equipment and provisions that were left behind there, the canoe is loaded and off we are heading for the Yanomami Indian village of Maturacá. Arrival estimated for the end of the day. We will stay overnight with the Yanomami people in their traditional cabanas
Yanomami women in Maturacá
Today we will have the rare opportunity to visit the biggest Yanomami village on Brazilian territory, which host roughly 2,000 Yanomami people. We will meet their leaders and discuss issues of interest. The Yanomami handicraft, made by their women, is well known for its beauty and quality. We will be impressed by their dedication while watching producing artefacts from natural resources, mainly fibers, woods and clay. We will get to know, their way of living today and in the past, their traditions, their food and visit their manioc plantation to witness the process of production of flour, an essential diet for all Indians and most of the Brazilians in general.
Particularly touching is the contact with their joyful children. The stay in Maturacá provides an insight view of the reality of the Brazilian Indians today and in particular of the famous Yanomami tribe.
Salesian church in São Gabriel da Cachoeira
Via the rivers Cauaburi, Greater Iá and Iá mirim we return to the Frente Sul, Southern Front, where our jeep takes us back to the town of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, with arrival estimated for the late afternoon. At the hotel "Deus me deu" or "Given by God" a hot shower is waiting. Dinner tonight will be at the best Restaurant in town. A real bed and air condition will guarantee deluxe accommodation for the last night, which hopefully you did not miss while on expedition.
We like to suggest what one could call in other places a city tour and do some walking around the town to get to know some of the history of the region and also to visit the Salesian church and the port area. Back at the hotel we must pack gear before we go for lunch and transfer than to the airport to take flight back to Manaus at 5:45 / 8:00 pm. Transfer to the Hotel.
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back to the itinerary day 1-7
Amazon Journey to the northernmost frontier of the Brazilian rain and nebular forest
Who went along: two adventurers from Germany, a botanist from the Goeldi Amazon Research Centre, our guide and 3 porters
Belém, the capital of the of Amazonian state of Pará, in the Northeast of Brazil, is strategically located at the 250 km wide delta of the Amazon river. Since its foundations in 1616, it is considered to be the historical gateway to the Amazon region. Religious and other edifications date back to the colonial period and are maintained in good shape. Obviously we had to visit some of the highlights Belém offers to tourist and locals alike. At the famous market, the Mercado Ver-o-Peso (checking the weight market), we marvel at the exotic products displayed there. Enormous quantities of all kinds of sea-and river fishes are being offered and we wonder why there are no flies on them despite of the tropical heat all around us. There are also elixirs made from poisonous snakes and all imaginable and unimaginable kinds of medicinal herbs and fruits from the Amazon region.
We also visited the internationally renowned Goeldi Amazonian Research Institute with its botanical-zoological gardens representing exclusively species of that region a glimpse of the flora and fauna that we were to discover in the weeks to come...
We also took a trip on the Guamá river where we enjoyed typical food in one of the palm thatched restaurants, surrounded by luxurious nature. In the evening we went down to the harbour. The old piers and warehouses have been restored with shops, fancy bars and restaurants. Cargo cranes moved platforms back and forth under the ceiling, with artists performing excellent music shows. While we sat on the terrace in front of the river, we enjoyed draft beers made in the probably only in-house brewery of the whole Amazon region. A last delight before we should hit wilderness and suffering!
The following morning we took a flight to Manaus, the capital of the federal state of Amazonas. We had made plans to try to observe the South American jaguar Panthera onca at a spot some 80 km away from Manaus. To our disappointment we received information that, due to restrictions imposed by IBAMA, we were not permitted to enter the site. So we took the early flight on the next day to São Gabriel de Cachoeira where we arrived after two hours of flying over the "Green Hell" with its great and amazingly intricate river systems.
We checked in our modest hotel, to say the least, and walked over to IBAMA, the Brazilian Institute for the Environment to get permits for our expedition. We repeated the procedure at FUNAI, the Agency for the Protection of the Brazilian Indians, because our route leads across both the 2,200,000 hectares large national park of the Pico da Neblina and the Indian reservation area of the same name.
The village on the upper Rio Negro was founded in the middle of the 19th century as a military settlement and a Salesian mission. Today it consists of not much more than a Portuguese fortress with some dozen houses for soldiers and officers. The centrepiece of the village used to be the thatched church built in 1750, and which, since the beginning of the 20th century is the seat of the Salesian mission. The Brazilian Army and Air Force, supported by the federal police keep their jungle regiment here to safeguard the borders with Venezuela and Columbia and to track down on the intense drug and arms traffic in the area. The population consist in its majority of indigenous people of several tribes of the upper Amazon region.
The following morning, carrying all equipment, food and fuel supply, we work our way up by jeep along a treacherous jungle track to the mouth of the Rio Iá mirim. Final balance of the three-hour trip: stuck in the mud for six times!
After we stuffed our equipment and all our belongings into an aluminium boat and were ready to depart, the engine only whines out of pace and despite of all efforts, refused to do his job. Via satellite phone we ordered an extra engine for replacement, which postponed our departure for the following morning.
We used the time to visit the Indian settlement of the Tukano tribe, only a short walk away. We were shown how the main diet of all Indians in Brazil, the manioc roots, is being prepared by using different handcrafted tools. At the conviviality centre, the tribe gathers to discuss important day-to-day issues, as well as questions of social and political importance. The children receive bilingual education in their native and Portuguese language. School activities include both traditional cultural heritage and preparation for a life within a modern society. Apparently the kids had no problems to absorb these contradictions as they all looked happy and were very friendly toward us. In short, we gained a very interesting insight into the social organization of the tribe.
Common to the different tribes in the upper part of the Rio Negro is the language called Inheengatu, also known as general language which is spoken together with Portuguese. The Indians tribes of the upper and middle Rio Negro comprehend 18 ethnic groups with a total of about 35,000 Indians who live in 772 small villages. The largest and best known tribe is that of the Yanomamis, who alone live in a protected area of over 100,000 km².
We walked back to the Iá mirim river and prepared camp for the night at the FUNAI support base, right on the river banks. But before we could hit our hammocks we decided to undergo some serious testing of our skills as jungle adventurers. Incited by our hosts we took charge of some of the dugout canoes that lay around, but all our attempts resulted in total disaster. Those canoes are so shallow and small that at the slightest false movement they get filled with water, sinking in no time while the Tukano Indians on the shore shake with derisive laughter. Little wonder, as only they knew that in addition to our lack of awkwardness, the canoes leaked like hell from a couple of tiny holes that were invisible to us! Anyway, one:nil to the Indians! While recovering from our heroic efforts, Yanomami Indians arrived in their motorized canoes busily offloading ornamental fish of exotic colours and forms. Very appreciated by Ichthyologists the fish have been caught on the upper Tukano river and are being exported to everywhere in the world.
As we were standing there watching, one of us nearly stepped on a huge and hairy spider, the size of a palm. That nocturnal animal, scientifically named Theraphosa leblondi is the biggest spider in the world. Its life span may reach up to 20 years and it lives mainly in caverns of old tree trunks. Provoked it would jump on you and its bite causes terrible pain, but is not fatal.
The next morning greeted us with hundreds of yellow butterflies, that fluttered all around us. Unfortunately we could not identify them. The new engine arrived right after breakfast and we could now get started. With the boat fully loaded, a crew of eight people and all the equipment, we travelled first downstream on the Rio Iá mirim, then on the Rio Iá and finally upstream on the Rio Cauaburi to the mouth of the Rio Tukano.
We spend two days on this trip through breathtaking nature, on igapó (submersed jungle), várzea (temporarily submersed land bordering a stream) and terre firme (an elevated portion of the terrain, above the inundation level) forests, surrounded by the ever present sounds of the jungle.
Our first acquaintances are rather unpleasant insects, called piums, stinging mosquitos just the size of a pinhead, which reveal themselves as a terrible plague. But we also see countless birds: black-necked araçaris, toucans, yellow breasted, scarlet and green wing macaws, plus several kinds of herons and kingfishers flew across the rivers and become our colourful travelling companions.
One afternoon on the Iá mirim a brilliant green water snake blocked our way trying to get across the river. So we carefully got closer to take a picture. The snake swam towards to trees on the river bank and twisted itself impressively fast up on the lianas mingling with the green leafs and branches and could be seen no more.
We fixed camp at the mouth of the Tukano river, hide the boat, gasoline, and rations for the return journey and slept, protected by Citronella insect lotion, under clouds of piums. Some dreamed of spiders and snakes others of butterflies and macaws...
Three days of tough and steady uphill trekking lay ahead with difference in altitude from 150 meters to up to 2,994 m. We toiled our way six to seven hours daily along hardly recognizable trails that have been opened by Yanomamis and gold diggers. We stepped on root entanglements covered up with slippery foliage, jumped over crystal clear rapids that supply us with fresh drinking water, and climbed waterfalls that seemed to fall out of an impenetrable green wall before us. To relax muscles and mind, there is nothing better than a refreshing bath under a waterfall or a plunge into some rapids.
The beauty and the power of the jungle was present at every step we took uphill. We felt like gnomes next to well over 30 meters high jungle giants and identified huge rubber Hevea brasiliensis and Brazil nuts trees Bertholletia exelsa. It gets very hot and sunny from early in the morning with well over 90% air humidity until the afternoon, when the accumulated heat breaks out into heavy rainfalls.
At night we sleep in hammocks and in tents; that is the time when the nightly noises of the jungle always make us feel that we are not alone. And actually, as we later are informed, several jaguars roam here about in their hunting domain.
On the second day, one of the participants feels exhausted and gives up. We left him behind with one of the porters in a Yanomami hunting camp and went on. At about 1,600 m the dense rainforest started to change into the more open but very humid nebular mountain forest.
In the evening of the third day, under heavy rain and the cold temperature of 5 Celsius, enhanced by humidity, we arrive at the gold prospectors camp beneath the mountain peak. To get there we had to face a soft humus morass, that took us 2 hours to traverse as we were sinking knee-deep at every step. Here a natural, paradisical garden is formed by the different sorts of bromeliads, orchids, mosses and an amazing number of endemic carnivorous plants. On the same plateau at 2,100 m also rare medical plants can be found. Under rather precarious circumstances we prepare our camp. To get some relief against the bitter cold we now surely would appreciate a swig of our precious cachaça booze made of sugar cane that came all the way from Rio de Janeiro. To everybody's surprise and disappointment it had miraculously disappeared. But exhausted as we were, sleep would come fast this night.
The next day a difficult decision was to be made: shall we venture climbing up to the peak under the present weather conditions? It is raining so heavily that the peak of the Pico da Neblina is covered with white cascades of enormous masses of water that are also running down on the paths that we are supposed to take. For safety reasons we unanimously decide not to venture the climbing to the 2,994 meters high peak.
It has been decided instead to use the time on the plateau to explore the area together with our botanist, who identified and collected orchids, like Scuticarias, also called whip orchids, the rare Coriantes with their bizarre flower and the intensely yellow Cataseto, all fully blossoming and botanical highlights – a real treat for our specialist in epiphytes.
We also visited the only gold prospector left in an area that used to be one of the most prosperous sites in Brazil. But since the Pico da Neblina is part of the Indian Reservation, Federal Police and the Military cracked down on the illegal activities that came to an end during the last decade. The lonely man showed us his self-made installations, by which he obtained gold from a particular layer of mud and rock in the slopes, washing them out with powerful jets of water from the rapid that rushed down from the peak. Questioned about the resulting environmental devastation that he is causing, he looked at us as if we had just arrived from Mars. His modest accommodation was like that of a caveman and his way of living seemed not far from that too: the only pot he's got for his meals he shared with his chickens. With the obtained gold he pays for his food and equipment, brought regularly up by Yanomami Indians from their village in Maturacá. There he also deposits the remaining gold to save for his uncertain future.
On the way back to our camp we were taken by surprise by a violent storm which flooded the river that we had to cross. There was not a chance to do so now and, with a machete we beat a path through the bushes, at times up to our hips deep in the morass. Somehow we finally reached our camp, only to see that the tents, as well as our sleeping bags that we had hung out to dry in the rare sun when we left, are now soaking wet: at almost 0 degree Celsius, a sure promise for a rather uncomfortable night!
We were still shivering from the frosty night but the morning sun gently warmed up our bodies. After dismantling the camp we start our not less difficult way back, picking up our expedition participant who had been left behind. In the late afternoon of the third day we are again at the mouth of the Rio Tucano, where we had hidden our boat with the rest of the food and fuel supply.
In spite of the constant heavy rain that smashed into our faces, we decided to start our journey back on the rivers right away. After a couple of hours, already on the Rio Cauaburi, we were lucky to meet a Yanomami hunting group just busy smoke-curing their freshly killed wild animals and fish. An excellent opportunity to enhance our food supply mainly consisting of beans, rice, jerked meat and pasta and that was also getting scarce. Real delicacies against real money a pig sized paca, a bare-faced curassow, a nine-banded armadillo and a brown capuchin monkey, besides lots of delicious fragrant fish from the nearby igarapé waterway, all for 30 R$!
Happy and satisfied that we were, we tried to reach our camping place that we had chosen for the night. But since surprises is what a real adventurer looks for, the place had disappeared in the masses of water of the flooded river and with no alternative in view, we are forced to move on to the FUNAI post still far away. With flash lights, at a very slow pace, we feel our way through deep darkness during two hours, until the flashing signals of the Indian protection institute safely usher us through the rapids to the anchorage.
After another day on the rivers Iá and Iá mirim we reach our departure point, this time under bright sunshine, but not before undergoing a final physical and nervous fitness test: right after turning into a side arm of the river with strong current against us we run out of fuel .The whole crew immediately grab plates and whatever suitable objects were at hand and start rowing like hell against the current – one metre forward and two backward. It is then that one of the guides miraculously gets some more drops of fuel out of one of the bins making it possible for us to reach the FUNAI anchorage, just 200 meters ahead.
We slept one more night in the hammocks at the FUNAI support base and return the following morning by jeep to São Gabriel de Cachoeira. This time we got stuck in the mud only 5 times. One of the participants however hasn't had enough yet, and wanted to walk up to the Morro dos Seis Lagos (Mountain of the Six Lakes), a bio reservation and geologically very interesting area for the biggest niob beds in the world lie here underneath the soil.
Three days later we are together again and fly back to the jungle metropolis Manaus where we completed a classical sightseeing program. Very interesting are the old opera house, which flourished during the coutchouc boom and the colourful and bustling harbour with off-and on loading of the typical Amazon cargo and passenger ships canoes and boats in all sizes, that arrive at the harbour and depart in all directions to the most distant destinations in the region.
A short stay in Rio de Janeiro de completed a fascinating journey, replete with adventures in a world so far removed and different from ours. A world where the simple things have remained of great importance. Encounters with the forest, the rivers, the mountains, the animals and last but not least with the local people, our guides and porters, enriched all of us. One of our best trips ever – the German guys commented.
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back to the itinerary day 8-14
Ginge Fullen
Back in the land of showers (Manaus).
Great trip. Branco did a great job and the team of porters are especially good. Augustino the head porter is a great asset to you to use again as they all are.
Got a day left in San Gabriel so just a quick email now to saw thanks again.
Cheers Peter. Will pass your info to a few people who are interested in the trip.
Stefan Rückert
Hello Peter,
maybe I will write a more detailed report after a while of reflection. For now just that: After 40 years of trekking experience your Pico da Neblina Tour will maintain an outstanding position in my travel memories.
In the first place because of your head guide Branco, a clever fellow, who never lost his good mood and arranged for food even at the remotest places.
And obviously our yanomami team for whom our well being was first priority on their service list. Last not least Sergeant Paulo, our supervisor who eat most of our provisions, who´s jungle experience and physical strength combined with always positive and radiant vibes, was another benefit to the tour.
I will also not forget the stay at the yanomami village in Maturaca where coincidentally the "Festa da Banana" was held. I felt very welcomed there.
That is all for now, again many thanks Peter that you made this "backpackers classic" possible for me.
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Prices & Travel Dates
2-3 participants 5,785 € p.p.
Travel Dates 2020
Price valid as from Manaus
The price includes:
Overnight with breakfast in double rooms or single rooms in Manaus and São Gabriel da Cachoeira (2)
Transfers, overnight and activities in Manaus
All meals and non alcoholic beverages
Expedition equipment, tents and hammocks, cooking gear
Canoes, conductors, gasoline
Experienced, qualified expedition leader and reliable Yanomami and Tukano or Baré indigenous guides and carriers
Contribution to NOTIWA Foundation (Future Yanomami)
Our service starts and ends in Manaus.
The price does not include:
International and domestic air fares
Alcoholic beverages and tips
Upon confirmation a deposit of 30% to our German bank account becomes due. The rest has to be deposited on our account 40 days before beginning of journey. The dead-line for reservations is 90 days.
The tour takes place throughout the year.
Best time for travelling is November - April.
Note: The itinerary of the first and last days depends on your flight schedule and will therefore be decided in detail case by case.
Maximum participants
The trekking is strenuous, with difficult terrain covered with roots, swamps, mud, rocks, wet stone, river and rapid crossing, walking on rope to the peak. Very good physical conditions endurance and stamina are required.
Equatorial, average 80% humidity, hot average +25°C, precipitation 3496 mm/year! At higher altitudes the climate is foggy and very humid.
To bring and clothing
Clothing should include two set of shorts, shirts with long sleeve, light cotton socks, swim wear, several sets of t-shirts and underwear, rain cape, warm clothing for the night. High leather bootlegs with corrugated sole and solid grip are recommended for hiking and solid rubber trekking sandals to ford or bath in creeks, streams...
2 backpacks (70-100 / 35-50 l) as main baggage is stored in São Gabriel, sleeping bag, thermoflask, binocular, photo equipment, flash light, Swiss army knife, personal cutlery, hut, sunglasses, insect repellent.
Only personal belongings (5-8 kg) have to be carried during the expedition by each participant.
Vaccines mandatory: yellow fever, hepatitis, tetanus.
Vaccines not mandatory: malaria prophylaxis.
From creeks and rapids, using of disinfection products recommended.
Granted by guides, bring your personal medicine.
Global Star satellite telephone
Salted, smoked and canned meat, fresh fish, ready made soups, rice, pasta, dehydrated vegetables, crackers, cookies, biscuits, banana and guava sweets, coffee, tea, dry milk
This journey has the character of an expedition. Rivers and rainforest replace highways, streets and roads. The conditions which are encountered on route will be completely new for the traveller. A correct attitude and mental preparedness for a different and fascinating environment is imperative. The unexpected can happen, whereupon the traveller is expected to react flexible and, depending on the situation, relaxed or immediately. The guides with their knowledge of the environment, are experienced trekkers and expedition leaders and absolutely reliable. The willingness of the traveller to cooperate and interact tolerantly with other participants is required also in strenuous situations. As operator we disclaim ourselves of any warranty for any risk during this journey.
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Overview Amazonas Expeditions in Brazil
Amazon Neblina Tours is a subdivision and the regional organization of Amazon Travel Brazil which in turn is a division of Southern Cross Tours & Expeditions, Among a variety of tours focusing on nature, cultural and social aspects in Brazil's wild and unknown back country, it is the journey to Brazil's highest mountain, the 2,994 m Pico da Neblina, located amidst the Amazonian rainforest, tha... Read more ...
The expedition to Mount Roraima covers one of the most impressive landscapes of South America: the Gran Sabana, in Southern Venezuela. A huge highland of some 14,000 sq miles, covered by mysterious table mountains, called tepuys (also tepui), with difficult access and many of them still undiscovered by science. A region that has been isolated for millions of years and where nature has developed en... Read more ...
The 1,465 m high Monte Caburaí mountain is located in the state of Roraima at Brazil's northernmost frontier, bordering with Guyana and Venezuela. The region is part of the highland of the Brazilian shield which consists of a roughly 600 million old Precambrian landmass. The mountain is part of the "Mount Roraima National Park", situated on a huge plateau at 1,000 m altitude. The breathtaking la... Read more ...
You will experience the adventure of a lifetime in the deep wilderness of the untamed Amazonian rainforest. Explore the upper Rio Negro and its tributaries in dug-out canoes and on hiking tours along the Curicuriari river. You will sleep under the stars in jungle camps and stay at an Indio village, where the Tukano people will welcome you. Goal of this expedition is the top of the 1,125 m high Bel... Read more ...
Tours into the Amazon rainforest of Brazil
The Amazonian Bioma extends over 5.5 million km² and covers parts of Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guiana, Suriname and French Guiana. The Brazilian part alone, called "Amazônia legal", if measured by its land mass would be the 6th biggest country of the world. This might give everyone a slight idea of the immensity of this region. Here means of transports are boats an... Read more ...
Covering an area of 5,849,808 acres of untamed rain forest the Jáu National Park is the biggest National Park in Brazil and the biggest continuous tropical rainforest on the planet. Its name derives from one of the biggest fishes in the Amazonian rivers. Because of its unparalleled biodiversity in flora and fauna it was declared Natural World Heritage in 2000 by UNESCO. Southern Cross Tours &... Read more ...
Our contact with the Sateré-Mawé tribe started some 10 years ago in their village at Iranduba, one hour and half by car distant from Manaus. Unfortunately the situation there has developed in a way that does not coincide with our philosophy of authenticity, as the Sateré-Mawé there had become increasingly touristy. So when we were asked by the editor and host of the German TV Series "Galileo... Read more ...
Further travel modules for your trip at scte-brazil.com
Dunes, Lagoons and the Ocean - Brazil's Picturesque Northeast
The magical sand dunes of Lençois Maranhenses National Park, stunning nature scenes between river and ocean in the Rio Parnaíba Delta, and Serra de Ibiapaba with its national parks Ubajara and Sete Cidades with its tabletop mountains and breathtaking waterfalls.
Pantanal Jaguar Photo Safari
Southern Cross Tours & Expeditions has pioneered Jaguar Photo Safaris in the Pantanal. Our experienced wildlife guides show you the elusive cat in the wild.
Best Hiking in Brazil's Chapada Diamantina National Park
Hiking far off the beaten track through magnificent landscape, offering high sierras, table mountains, caves, rapids, waterfalls and traditional local population in what was once one of the world biggest diamond mining regions
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Amazonas Tours
Amazonas Expeditions
The Lone Guards of the Amazon
Southern Cross Tours & Expeditions
Rua Joaquim de Deus, 55
Praia dos Anjos - Arraial do Cabo - RJ
mobile: +55 22 9999 23575
skype: peter.rohmer


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The Jackery's battery is rated for 500 cycles of discharge and recovery to 80% capacity. This is a remarkable performance considering its size. However, it could use better input and larger portable panels. It's still a reliable backup power source. A car charger is also included. And a wall charger allows you to charge the unit using a wall outlet or an AC adapter. In addition, Jackery offers a solar panel parallel adapter, so you can power solar panels directly from a car battery.
The Jackery Explorer 1000 is an excellent portable power station for camping. Although it is smaller than a microwave oven, this unit can power all your electronics for hours or even days. Its noise level is significantly lower than that of a gas-powered portable generator. It has a rugged exterior and a wide range of ports. Compared to gas-powered portable generators, the Explorer 1000 is an excellent choice for many outdoor activities.
The Jackery Explorer 1000 portable power source can power three 12v outlets simultaneously. Its power output is 10 amps, which is sufficient to run a variety of 12-volt appliances. It's easy to install in a car thanks to its male cigarette lighter pigtail connectors. Besides being compatible with most equipment, Jackery has a safety trip built in. The unit runs silently, with the exception of occasional whirring as power draw increases. That's about as quiet as the Macbook Pro's fan.
The Jackery Explorer 1000 Watts Generator is the flagship model of the company's portable solar power station lineup. The generator can be easily packed into a 12-pack cooler and has a sturdy handle that you can carry with you wherever you need it. The Jackery SolarSaga 100-watt portable solar panels are included with the Explorer 1000. Users are pleased with the lightweight design and power output of the Explorer 1000 and say it is worth the money.
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Dorothy "Boots" P. Swimmer, 89, went home to the Lord September 28, 2018 from injuries sustained in a car accident.
She was the daughter of the late Ben and Kina Powell. In addition to her parents, she was preceded in death by her husband of 64 years, Isaac D. Swimmer; one son, David P. Swimmer; one grandson, Tsa-ni A. Youngdeer; and a Great Grandson, Cayden T. Lossie.
Boots was lovingly known to a couple of her grandsons as "Granny Grump" and to many simply as "Mom". Boots was a home maker. She worked as a guide at the Indian Village for a number of years. She was an avid bead worker, and a master maker of pickled beans, krout, and anything that could be pickled, canned, or frozen.
She is survived by Sons, Ben, William, and James (Dean) Swimmer (Wife Lola); her daughters, Bobbi & Russell George, Kina Swimmer, Anita Thompson, Bonnie & Barney Youngdeer of Cherokee, Dinah & Jerry Melton of Puryear, Tennessee; 10 Grandchildren; 14 Great Grandchildren; and many special friends.
Visitation will be held on Tuesday, October 2, 2018 from 9 AM until 11 AM at Long House Funeral Home with funeral services to follow at 11 AM. Pastors Bobby Watts and James "Bo" Parris will officiate. Burial will follow at the Ike Swimmer Cemetery. Pallbearers will be among family and friends.
As I was reading this obituary i was very saddened but your loss of Dorothy. I did not know her so at this time I would like to send my condolences. Death is a sad time in our lives so please take comfo6 in the God of comfort who promises to help you get through these hard times. Also take hold of the promises of the future where God promises to return to life those that have fallen asleep in death to a perfect new Earth. Please my friends for more information on this subject visit of free website jw.org on more we can hope for. Have a good day.
Dear Family, I am so sorry to hear about the loss of your Dear loved one. Our loving Creator never planned for death to be part of his original plan. There is such a loving scripture found at Revelation 21: 3 & 4 which reads: With that I heard a loud voice from the throne say " Look! The tent of God is with mankind and he will reside with them, And they will be his people, And God himself will be with them. And he will wipe out every tear from their eyes and death will be no more, neither will mourning nor outcry nor pain be any more. The Former things have passed away ." I hope these words help you find comfort and also give you hope for our near future.


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ABBAS TEARS OFF THE MASK
For years, America, Britain and the EU have insisted that Mahmoud Abbas is a moderate and a statesman-in-waiting who deserves to be rewarded with a state of Palestine. For years, they have insisted that he is prepared to live alongside the state of Israel. For years, they have blamed Israel for intransigence in not believing this and thus not agreeing to give him land that they thought he would use to threaten the lives of its citizens.
For years some of us have argued that Abbas should be considered instead a political and diplomatic pariah. We have said he is a deep-dyed antisemite, having written his "doctoral" thesis on denying the Holocaust. We have drawn attention to his regime teaching its children about seizing the whole of Israel, and that their greatest goal should be to murder Jews.
We have circulated the hideous antisemitic caricatures published in his regime's media outlets. We have pointed out that he and his henchmen have repeatedly said not one Jew would remain in such a state of Palestine. We have referred to his repeated attempts to write the Jews out of their own history by denying their historic connection to the land of Israel, a central feature of the Jewish religion.
To all this, successive American, British and European governments remained indifferent and continued to treat this antisemitic fanatic as a rational interlocutor.
Than along came President Donald J Trump, who recognised Jerusalem as Israel's capital. Although he left open the possibility of a separate Palestinian state with a presence in Jerusalem, he explicitly acknowledged the unique historic connection between the Jewish people, he city of Jerusalem and the land of Israel. He also said the US would cut the funds it provides for UNWRA's perpetuation of the fictional Palestinian refugees, whose unique and false designation is crucial to perpetuating the Arab war against Israel. In other words, he exploded the Palestinian Arab lie which underpins the whole conflict: that the Palestinians are the true inheritors of the land and the Jews have no rights there at all.
Now Abbas has come out in his true colours in an utterly vile and deranged speech yesterday to the PLO central council.
He ranted and raved that Israel was a "colonialist project that had nothing to do with Judaism". In fact, the land of Israel is absolutely central to Judaism, and the Jews are the only people for whom Israel was ever their national homeland. Far from the two-state solution which the west chooses to believe Abbas supports, he was saying the Jews are not entitled to be in Israel at all.
That's why one of his Fatah party's central committee members said at the start of this month: "All matters are on the [PLO] Central Council's agenda… Indeed, we in Fatah have not recognised Israel, never. This should be clear. We have never recognised [Israel]. The PLO recognised it. We are part of the PLO, true. And we, as Fatah, have not recognised Israel."
Even more tellingly, Holocaust denial was back on Abbas's agenda as he claimed obscenely that the Jews of Europe, of whom six million were murdered by the Nazis, chose to remain in their home countries during the Holocaust rather than emigrate.
"The Jews did not want to emigrate even with murder and slaughter. Even during the Holocaust, they did not emigrate. By 1948, Jews in Palestine were no more than 640,000, most of them from Europe," he said.
Of course, the fact is that most Jews were trapped in Europe where they were slaughtered. Thousands could have been saved had they been allowed to come to Palestine, but the British prevented them from doing so in flagrant contradiction of their legal obligation under the Mandate to settle the Jews in the land.
Having thus tried to nullify the genocide of the Jews , blaming them in effect for their own annihilation, Abbas then lied further about the ethnic cleansing of some 850,000 Jews from Arab lands who were driven out after the State of Israel came into being in 1948. Abbas twisted this to pin responsibility entirely falsely on Israel's first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion:
"Ben-Gurion did not want Middle Eastern Jews to come [to Israel]…but when he saw the vast land, he was forced to bring Middle Eastern Jews… that didn't want to come. From Yemen they flew 50,000 Jews…They didn't suffice with 50,000 Jews. Then they went to Iraq, which had large reserves of Jews".
He further mendaciously claimed the Israelis cut deals with Iraqi politicians "to take away the citizenship of Jews and force them to emigrate." "They did not suffice with this and gathered all the Jews in Arab countries, from Morocco to Algeria and Tunis, Libya, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon," Abbas said.
This outrageous speech was almost certainly prompted by the fact that Abbas and co realise that with Trump the game is now up. The US will no longer promote the interests of these Palestinian Arabs who have been given a free pass for their murderous lies all these years.
But Britain and the EU did not go along with Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital. They continue to misrepresent international law and blame Israel falsely for preventing a peaceful solution to the Middle East impasse while persistently excusing, justifying and thus conniving at Palestinian Arab rejectionism.
In short, Britain and the EU continue to support, validate and this connive at an agenda aimed at the extermination of Israel promoted by hallucinatory lies and libels about the Jewish people along with gross Holocaust denial.
Abbas's speech should be sent to every member of the British parliament, and the Prime Minister, Theresa May, should be asked how Britain can continue to give any money at all to such open antisemites and Holocaust deniers. She should be asked how the British government can continue to support giving such people a state of their own. She should be asked why the British government has ignored this horrifying reality, and the constant mortal danger it poses for the Israelis, for so long.
But then, many British people will be unaware of the appalling nature of Abbas's speech since the BBC chose to bowdlerise it, as BBC Watch observes here.
Abbas clearly felt he had nothing to lose by making this speech. America has made clear it will no longer give the time of day to such an unconscionable agenda. Only Britain and the EU continue to keep it alive, to their undying shame.
SOURCEmelaniephillips.com
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Shireen Qudosi - July 15, 2019
Qatar's vision for America is now being peddled through our children's classrooms, targeting a pliable population and one with a long shelf life. Beyond its...


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Acadian History & Culture
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Bienville: Father of Louisiana
Father of Louisiana
by Philomena Hauck
Like the Mississippi River, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville's career had many unexpected twists and turns. He came to Louisiana as Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville's faithful lieutenant, adventurous and resourceful to be sure, but a lieutenant nonetheless, whose function it was to carry out the policies of his older brother. Iberville's untimely illness and eventual death changed everything. Catapulted into a leadership role at the age of 22, Bienville performed prodigies to state off attacks and avert the total collapse of the infant colony. Year in year out, he held off the encroaching English, kept a wary eye on his jealous Spanish neighbors, patched and repatched his network of Indian alliances, borrowed food from Pensacola in times of hunger, and juggled funds around to make ends meet.
Yet instead of receiving the rewards he believed to be his due, he incurred the wrath of the home government. With the appointment of Governor de Muy, he was shuffled to the sidelines for good, or so it was intended. But de Muy's death and the ineptitude of two succeeding governors, Cadillac and Lepinay, again thrust him on center stage until he eventually became commandant general in name as well as in fact after nineteen years of continuous service. Swept out of office seven years later as a result of disorders surrounding Law's efforts at colonization, he was consigned to seven years of obscurity in France before being called back to rescue an imperiled colony. But he could not work miracles. Worn out with his exertions, he no longer had the vigor and optimism characteristic of his earlier career. At the age of sixty-two, he was ready to hand over the reins to a younger man.
Bienville: Father of Louisiana is a biographical look at Bienville's life from his beginnings in Canada, through his first administration, to his years in France, his return and the Second Chickasaw War, and into his retirement and last years.
Softcover, 162 pages, ©1998
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Pep Guardiola believes his Manchester City side are now firmly accustomed to his philosophy and have become an impressively stable team.
City host rivals Manchester United on Sunday, with Jose Mourinho's side having come out on top in a five-goal thriller in the corresponding fixture last term.
The champions sit two points clear at the top of the Premier League table after 11 games this season, though, and a win at Etihad Stadium would put further pressure on nearest rivals Liverpool and Chelsea.
City's dominant domestic form over the past 18 months comes following a difficult first term under Guardiola, in which they failed to win a trophy and finished third in the league.
But the former Barcelona boss has claimed it is perfectly normal for his side to have taken time to adapt to his playing style.
"I think all the managers need time, not just me," Guardiola told a news conference.
"We are better than the first year but that's normal. I think the manager has to evaluate how the team changes during the time. When it's better, that's a good signal.
"We have the feeling, all of us, not just me, that the team is stable for a long time and that's good.
"Of course, we can lose, but that is part of the game, it's not a big issue.
"Even last season against United we lost 2-3, but the feeling we had, we were disappointed, but we didn't have too many regrets about the way we played, no, not at all. That's why it will make you confident."


The world's most accurate, most advanced and best-selling 3D anatomy platform takes another giant leap forward, with groundbreaking new technology, models and content. Not just an atlas, but an anatomy learning platform with unique collaboration and learning tools.
Compatibility: macOS 10.12 or later 64-bit.
Complete Anatomy 2019 v4.0.1 (Mac OSX) download links are provided by Extabit Rapidshare Uploaded Rapidgator Netload Bitshare Freakshare Letitbit Dizzcloud and more.


Stay on top of all the World Cup news and banter this summer by following these Twitter profiles.
Lots of positives from that England performance though.
As one of the EDP's very own sports journalists, Michael deserves a spot on this list thanks to his straight-to-the-point tweets. He consistently replies to tweets @ to him which allows his followers and he to discuss a variety of topics related to sports.
Although not nearly as comical as the rest of the accounts listed here, the official Twitter account for the World Cup provides accurate and real time information about the World Cup. This is the account to follow if you want quick and reliable updates about the event.
Self-described as 'home of all the best Football related jokes', Footy Humour utilises gifs and edited pictures to draw a laugh from their followers. With an impressive 720.1K followers (and even followed by Gordon Ramsay!), Footy Humour is an account that will definitely lighten up your day.
Alongside @AFHStewart & @fennertown we preview #Russia2018 'Group G', including: #England , #Panama, #Tunisia & #Belgium.
An account entirely dedicated to 'illustrated football analysis', Tifo Football is a unique account that posts original artwork of football players in accordance to contemporary football events. They also have a YouTube channel where they upload videos such as 'tactical previews' of groups using their unique art style. If you're someone who learns visually, then follow Tifo Football!
I think Paddy Power's bio provide all the information necessary: 'betting and sports news, served with a side of mischief' Even so, they update accurate and relevant information on football, including the World Cup. Boasting a generous amount of follows (651.6K), Paddy Power is your wealth of information with a twist.
What other accounts have you been following during the World Cup? Let us know in the comments below.


I love the whole tribal trend and am a massive fan of prints so I was thinking of buying some ASOS Africa pieces… I'm just not sure what, which is where you guys come in hopefully.
I also like the two dresses below…both for different reasons. The one on the left is cute and summery but I think it's missing some of the bold prints the others have. Whereas the dress on the right has the bold design but I'm not sold on the colours….
Have you brought anything from the ASOS Africa collection?
"Grubby little paws on Giles…"
Cute pictures! I Love your blog. Great post.
Hey, welcome back! Sorry to hear of your woes, I had a benign lump removed from somewhere on my person when I was 17 and I felt horrible for a while, mainly because I couldn't shower while the dressing was on! Rank.
But some lovely shopping will cheer you up. I love those shorts, and they have some blue and green harems too. Trousers are so much fun, I know you're a dress girl but bright trousers and a plain top are so much more of a statement.
I am loving those shorts, maybe if I get money for my birthday!
I love the shorts. DEFINITELY get them!
As for the dress, I'd definitely choose the right option. I agree that that bolder is better!


Fair offer means Fair Play - what do the youngest think about it? Another funny commercial in Play lounge with famous celebryty. This time it's great Kuba Wojewódzki, who is dealing very good in much younger company.


Kolkata's Jadavpur University is all set to organise an event next week, which is going to be themed on the popular series of fantasy novels, Harry Potter. All the Potterheads who are curious to know more interesting facts about the event to be held at the Jadavpur University may check the details given below.
Interestingly, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, this year has come up with an idea to conduct an event next week which has been themed on Harry Potter, the popular series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. Yes, the University is planning to host a Harry Potter-themed event in its campus for two-days.
According to reports in a leading website, the two-day event 'Alohomora: Unlock the Magic' was initially conceived by a few students from the University's International Relations Department which gradually attracted more students from other departments.
Saranya Basu, one of the organisers and a student of the International Relations department said that they wanted to put Harry Potter on the socio-political map of India With its inherent social message, which is the reason for planning the Harry Potter-themed event.
Moreover, it has earlier been reported that a law course based on the popular Harry Potter is being offered at the National University of Juridical Sciences, The course has been introduced by Shouvik Kumar Guha, who will be a panellist for the Harry Potter-themed event in Jadavpur University this year.


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Lascaux 4, is poised to become the leading tourist attraction and cultural tool associated with Lascaux's world-famous painted and engraved cave art. A new and complete replica of the Lascaux cave will be the beating heart of the Center, a sizable complex that uses new imaging and virtual technology for comprehensive interpretation purposes.
On September 12, 1940, on the hill overlooking Montignac village in Dordogne, four teenagers made one of the 20th century's greatest archeological discoveries: a cave filled with prehistoric paintings and engravings. After the Second World War, this Lascaux cave was fitted out for tourist exploitation and one million visitors took it in between 1948 and 1963.
By 1955, though, due to the influx of people, a natural equilibrium had been upset and the first painting degradations had been noted. To protect this irreplaceable treasure, Lascaux was closed in 1963.
In 1979 it was listed as a World Heritage Site. By 1983, after more than a decade of hefty investment and stop-and-start work on a facsimile of the original cave, Lascaux 2 welcomed its first tourists. Set into the same hill as the original cave, it reproduced 90% of the original paintings. Since its opening, nearly 10 million people have visited. But with many million more unable to reach Montignac, a traveling version of parts of the cave (Lascaux 3) was constructed and began an international tour, complete with interdisciplinary supports bringing to life Lascaux's complexity.
Today, the Montignac-Lascaux International Parietal Art Center, or Lascaux 4, is the culmination of a major effort to expand protections to the whole Lascaux hillside and its surrounding environment. Lascaux 2 will remain open, but primarily as a special site in its own right – the world's first cave facsimile – and admit fewer visitors, most attending special workshops.
Although Lascaux 4's primary attraction is the new cave facsimile, the appeal of other facilities is not to be overlooked, including a "parietal art theater" that uses screens, objects, light and sound effects to recreate the area's past atmospheres and environments; a 3D interactive cinema; a screen-based art gallery allowing for comparisons between Paleolithic and 20th-century art; and a temporary exhibition space for contemporary art. However, the experience of the new cave replica itself remains central, and unlike any other cave visits, Lascaux 4 is employing different set designs, displays, state-of-the-art interactive workshops and immersive technology to bring it to life. In fact, the atmosphere inside the replica cave is just like that of a real cave: dark, damp and muffled. This is fitting as the overarching purpose of the replica is to ensure visitors' ability to enjoy the paintings in an authentic cave atmosphere.
Groups of no more than 32 people will be admitted, with a maximum of three or four groups in the cave at any one time. Directive lighting will help guide visitors through the space and preserve an atmosphere conducive to contemplation. Guided visits will be available in six languages.