text:
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Meet The Farmers
Limited Release: The Brothers Gonzales
by Mischa Hedges | Mar 24, 2016
Farmers & Cooperatives
Carlos and his brother Fausto are both Members of
the Solidaridad Cooperative in Aranjuez, Nicaragua.
We have worked with them for over 20 years, and
are proud to bring you their coffee in this special
two-bag offering (only 100 available).
The Natural coffee Carlos has produced is richly fruity with an unforgettable finish. The washed process coffee Fausto has produced is delightful, with layers of honey and apricot that are followed by a soft, pleasant sparkle.
Enjoy these two coffees separately, but be sure to experiment with blends. We found that a ratio of 60% washed and 40% natural produced a cup that is somehow better then the sum of its already delicious parts.
Carlos Lanzas Gonzales
Carlos was born in Arenal, and his father built houses – he was a carpenter and wasn't really involved in agriculture. "Like all children I played a lot, soccer, baseball. I studied up to 3rd grade then began to work. With my brothers we rented some land in Aranjuez and began to grow vegetables. Our main conditions were good soil, and accessibility to the city. We rented for a while then got land as a part of the agrarian reform- 120 manzanas (208 acres) between 12 of us, for about 10 manzanas (17.4 acres) per person. We formed a cooperative, at that time it was the only way to get loans or inputs."
"I love to work in the countryside. I talk to the plants, ask them how they are. When the coffee trees have flowers they are happy, when the coffee is ripening they are gleeful, and when the coffee is ready to be harvested it's in an even better mood."
On changes in the community: "Now we have good roads, a school, a health post, electricity, we've been able to improve our homes, these changes are due to coffee. With vegetables you can't get much income. Over 70 manzanas (121 acres) of land has been reforested, we've been conserving the soil. We've put trees on the land that is not planted in coffee, in order to protect the watershed. Most of the water that goes to the rest of Aranjues and to Matagalpa comes from our lands."
"There's always a risk that the seeds will be bad, the inputs too expensive, or that the sale price won't cover the costs. We win and lose, it's the rhythm of our lives. But we've been able to improve our lives with the buyer that we've found. The small producer usually doesn't have access to the market- we'er always in the hands of the intermediaries and they get most of our earnings."
On the meaning of well-being: "All the best things you desire. When the work we do is compensated, we can educate our children, have good food, live a just life. With a good price we have a better life, we have the right to that, don't we? My favorite time of year is when I sell my coffee, in April or May.
On the meaning of coffee: "It's our source of life. The most marvelous thing about her is that she gives progress to our family. She helped us to get what we have. Agriculture in general is not very profitable. 12 years ago we got help from Norway through UNAG, they helped us to get started in coffee. It was a good program because it helped us a lot, gave us the techniques. We didn't know anything about coffee at the time. When the prices went up to $1.70 because of the frosts in Brazil, we thought of nothing but coffee. I have 25 manzanas (43.5 acres) of land in another place for growing beans and corn, and 2 manzanas (3.5 acres) in transition to organic. I have Caturra and Catimor that I'm planning to change for maracaturra."
On the meaning of the cooperative: "The only way to have strength is through being united. The co-op gives us lots of advantages, helps us get credit, if we did;t have its it would be difficult to sell our coffee. Our successes have been building the cupping laboratory, getting credit, selling our coffee for a good price."
Carlos' hope for the future: "Maintain a good relationship with Paul, sell more coffee, give more work to nearby families. Have a coffee take us as far as it can. Continue to protect the environment around us. Unite and ask for more help, for housing, schools, a better life for poor people."
"We put a lot of effort into sending the best coffee that we produce so that we can get a fair price. The harvest takes a lot of sacrifices and effort. Maybe someday the drinkers of our coffee will come and meet us to learn where coffee comes from."
Fausto Lanzas Gonzales
Family: 5 children; Karla Patricia 24 (teacher at El Quetzal, a hacienda down the road), Frank 23 (producer and member of the cooperative), Fabio 22 (producer, not a member of the cooperative), Wilmer 20 (7th grade), Sadia 17 (11th grade).
Fausto was born in Matagalpa and raised in El Arenal. 30 years ago he came to Aranjuez because the area was known for having good soil and they had to move because of all the agricultural burning where they used to live. There were very few small farmers here at the time. In 1990 he started to grow coffee.
"When I got here, there were no schools, people were poorer, life was more difficult. Now my five children have studied, they are professionals. Before, people grew vegetables on naked land, now with the coffee we have reforested and there are lots of birds. We don't slash and burn and chemicals are used much less intensively. Agricultural chemicals used to be very risky and dangerous. The whole region has improved; the culture, the education."
On the meaning of coffee: "It's what I live in, the way I survive, my work. We were growing vegetables, they weren't worth anything for a while. When the project from Norway came and gave us credit for coffee, we were looking for a different product. I like harvest time, knowing that I'm working for the good of the whole family, so we can get ahead…"
Fausto's "I have 10.5 manzanas (18.2 acres) of land in total, 5 manzanas (8.7 acres) are planted in coffee, 2.5 (4.3 acres) of them are organic, and 4 manzanas (7 acres) are natural forest. The coffee varieties I have are Caturra, Maracaturra, and a little bit of Catimor."
Meaning of quality: "If I have quality, I'll get a good price and I will not have trouble selling my coffee."
"Thinking that you have to live here and do this, that it's an obligation. Thinking that if you don't do it you won't have any way to make a living. Also, the possibility of losing a harvest because of a natural disaster; the "El Nino" phenomenon, drought, or hurricane, A couple years ago I lost 30% of my coffee in a drought and I lost my wet mill during hurricane Mitch."
On the meaning of the cooperative: "It's very important, one of the necessities here in the in the countryside. We help each other, when we have problems we work it out between all of us. It helps us get credit, sales, we've learned a lot through the co-op. We've had good sales, made good friends, and received financing."
On the future of the community: "The cooperative needs to support the community leaders to get the basic necessities here. We should petition the government. The cooperative should help with the school and health post when we have the resources, but we're still small and just starting out."
Fausto's hopes for the future: "I want to improve my life and that of my children, help my kids build homes. By caring for the land, she will give us more."
Fausto's message to coffee buyers: "We try to produce the best quality for you, we'd like to be recognized for this work. We struggle a lot to achieve this quality and we'd like to be paid for it."
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Persisting in "High quality, Prompt Delivery, Aggressive Price", now we have established long-term cooperation with consumers from equally overseas and domestically and get new and old clients' large comments for Label Printer Uv Ink Dryer, Uv Lamp For Screen Printing Machine , Led Uv Curing System Offset , Uv Led Lamp Printer , Adhering to the business principle of mutual benefits, we have won good reputation among our customers because of our perfect services, quality products and competitive prices. We warmly welcome customers from home and abroad to cooperate with us for common success. owing to very good support, a variety of high quality merchandise, aggressive costs and efficient delivery, we love an excellent name among the our clients. We are an energetic company with wide market for Label Printer Uv Ink Dryer, Being the top solutions of our factory, our solutions series have been tested and won us experienced authority certifications. For additional parameters and item list details, be sure to click the button to acquire additional nformation.


Flying across the country in a Cessna 172? It takes patience and flexibility, but it's fun, educational, and surprisingly easy. Ride along in this video as two pilots make that trip, including some beautiful mountain views. The ultimate goal? Pour some water from the Atlantic Ocean (departure) into the Pacific Ocean (destination).


The little rectangular hole near the heat cable tunnel will not be used for anything. We needed that only as part of the manufacturing process. I forgot to explain it completely to Mikey before he made the videos.
The reason that Ants Austrailia's Ytong nests are cheaper is because they are made of Ytong not plastic. but they retain water because they use wood and waterproof paints to retain moisture in the nest.
The shipping charges are a direct "pass-thru" to the customer. This is what we are charged by the United State Postal Service (USPS). Our shopping cart on the AntsCanada web site is integrated with USPS via web services. Our site tells USPS the weight and box size, and USPS tells us how much it will cost to ship it. We don't charge and pocket any secret shipping fees. We actually used to have a $7.00 "handling fee" on each order, be we stopped doing that a couple of years ago.
The only way we are aware of to lower the shipping costs would be to have multiple shipping locations, so that if you lived on the US east coast, your order would ship from somewhere on the east coast. As it is now, we have one shipping facility in the midwest (Salt Lake City, Utah), so all shipping charges are based off this shipping location.
About 4 years ago, all products (primarily just Omni Nest products) were shipped from China and were a minimum of $50 USD for shipping. I remember that well. The shipping cost was one of the main things that motivated me to contact Mikey and setup a US-based shipping facility. So... while we have made improvements and reduced shipping costs to 70% of our customers (US & Canada), there is still room for improvement. We just don't have the resources right now to open additional shipping facilities in other parts of the US and/or internationally.
Yes, we have a smaller nest coming out in a month or two, and also a smaller nest coming out next year some time.They will be priced less than the current Hybrid Nests.
Wait would it be acrylic, ytong or,3D printed?


text:
London grandfather says 'Isis child is my grandson'
Monday 4 January 2016, 5:28pm
Henry Dare said he had not seen his grandson for three years Credit: ITV News
A London grandfather has told ITV News he believes the boy featured in the latest ISIS video is his grandson.
Henry Dare has spoken of his "surprise" and "disappointment" at seeing the boy in the film.
Mr Dare, whose daughter is the known British jihadist Khadjiha Dare, said he had not seen the boy for more than three years, ever since his daughter took him with her to Syria.
Asked if he thought the boy knew what he was doing, Mr Dare told ITV News: "He's a kid, he's a minor. He's under five. He's acting under the influence of the IS leaders."
Video report by ITV News correspondent Rohit Kachroo
In the video the boy, who Mr Dare has identified as his grandson, is seen dressed in military fatigues and wearing a black bandanna.
He speaks with an apparent British accent, saying: "We will kill the kuffar [unbelievers] over there."
Khadijah Dare was born a Christian and grew up in Lewisham, south east London.
But she converted to Islam and became radicalised, moving to Syria in 2012 and marrying Swedish jihadist Abu Bakr in an arranged marriage.
Ms Dare's parents christened her Grace, but she later adopted the name Khadijah.
She is known to have at least two young children and last July posted an image of her son clutching an AK47 on her Twitter account.
The 10-minute video, which shows the killing of five men dressed in orange jumpsuits, also features a masked man who speaks with an apparent British accent.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Copying Type String Array to Range in Excel - Invalid Qualifier I want to transfer the contents from part of the a 'Type' array to an excel range (see example below), but get 'Invalid Qualifier' error. Any help would be appreciated?
Public Type typDetails
    firstName As String
    lastName As String
End Type

Dim userDetails(100) As typDetails

Public Sub test()

    userDetails(0).firstName = "Bob"
    userDetails(0).lastName = "Bobson"
    userDetails(1).firstName = "Bob"
    userDetails(1).lastName = "Bobson"
    userDetails(2).firstName = "Bob"
    userDetails(2).lastName = "Bobson"

    Worksheets(1).Range("A1:A3") = userDetails.firstName

End Sub

Thanks in advance,
Alex.

A: Think you need a loop:
Public Sub test()

Dim i As Long

userDetails(0).firstName = "Bob"
userDetails(0).lastName = "Bobson"
userDetails(1).firstName = "Bob"
userDetails(1).lastName = "Bobson"
userDetails(2).firstName = "Bob"
userDetails(2).lastName = "Bobson"

For i = 0 To 2
    Worksheets(1).Cells(1, i + 1).Value = userDetails(i).firstName
Next i

End Sub

A: Arrays: 0-based vs 1-based, 1D vs 2D

*

*Workbook
Download (Dropbox)

*To copy the data in one go you have to put it in an adequate array,
unfortunately using a loop, but which should be much faster than
looping through a range.

*The following are various options how you may achieve this.

*I have expanded it to include the last name, too.

*You should probably introduce a long variable for UBound(userDetails).

*I used Private instead of Public to keep it on module-level.

Module1
Option Explicit

Private Type typDetails
    firstName As String
    lastName As String
End Type

Private userDetails(2) As typDetails

' Introduce two 0-based arrays (needs Transpose and 'size adjustment').
Sub test1()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim vntFirst As Variant
    Dim vntLast As Variant

    userDetails(0).firstName = "Bob1"
    userDetails(0).lastName = "Bobson1"
    userDetails(1).firstName = "John1"
    userDetails(1).lastName = "Johnson1"
    userDetails(2).firstName = "Peter1"
    userDetails(2).lastName = "Peterson1"

    ReDim vntFirst(UBound(userDetails))
    ReDim vntLast(UBound(userDetails))

    For i = 0 To UBound(userDetails)
        vntFirst(i) = userDetails(i).firstName
        vntLast(i) = userDetails(i).lastName
    Next

    With Worksheets(1)
        .Range("A1").Resize(UBound(vntFirst) + 1) = _
                Application.Transpose(vntFirst)
        .Range("B1").Resize(UBound(vntLast) + 1) = _
                Application.Transpose(vntLast)
    End With

End Sub

' Introduce two 1D 1-based arrays (needs Transpose).
Sub test2()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim vntFirst As Variant
    Dim vntLast As Variant

    userDetails(0).firstName = "Bob2"
    userDetails(0).lastName = "Bobson2"
    userDetails(1).firstName = "John2"
    userDetails(1).lastName = "Johnson2"
    userDetails(2).firstName = "Peter2"
    userDetails(2).lastName = "Peterson2"

    ReDim vntFirst(1 To UBound(userDetails) + 1)
    ReDim vntLast(1 To UBound(userDetails) + 1)

    For i = 0 To UBound(userDetails)
        vntFirst(i + 1) = userDetails(i).firstName
        vntLast(i + 1) = userDetails(i).lastName
    Next

    With Worksheets(1)
        .Range("A1").Resize(UBound(vntFirst)) = Application.Transpose(vntFirst)
        .Range("B1").Resize(UBound(vntLast)) = Application.Transpose(vntLast)
    End With

End Sub

' Introduce two 2D 1-based arrays.
Sub test3()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim vntFirst As Variant
    Dim vntLast As Variant

    userDetails(0).firstName = "Bob3"
    userDetails(0).lastName = "Bobson3"
    userDetails(1).firstName = "John3"
    userDetails(1).lastName = "Johnson3"
    userDetails(2).firstName = "Peter3"
    userDetails(2).lastName = "Peterson3"

    ReDim vntFirst(1 To UBound(userDetails) + 1, 1 To 1)
    ReDim vntLast(1 To UBound(userDetails) + 1, 1 To 1)

    For i = 0 To UBound(userDetails)
        vntFirst(i + 1, 1) = userDetails(i).firstName
        vntLast(i + 1, 1) = userDetails(i).lastName
    Next

    With Worksheets(1)
        .Range("A1").Resize(UBound(vntFirst)) = vntFirst
        .Range("B1").Resize(UBound(vntLast)) = vntLast
    End With

End Sub

Module2
Option Explicit

Private Type typDetails
    firstName As String
    lastName As String
End Type

' Declare as 1D 1-based array.
Private userDetails(1 To 3) As typDetails

' Introduce two 1D 1-based arrays (needs Transpose).
Sub test3()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim vntFirst As Variant
    Dim vntLast As Variant

    Erase userDetails
    userDetails(1).firstName = "Bob4"
    userDetails(1).lastName = "Bobson4"
    userDetails(2).firstName = "John4"
    userDetails(2).lastName = "Johnson4"
    userDetails(3).firstName = "Peter4"
    userDetails(3).lastName = "Peterson4"

    ReDim vntFirst(1 To UBound(userDetails))
    ReDim vntLast(1 To UBound(userDetails))

    For i = 1 To UBound(userDetails)
        vntFirst(i) = userDetails(i).firstName
        vntLast(i) = userDetails(i).lastName
    Next

    With Worksheets(1)
        .Range("A1").Resize(UBound(vntFirst)) = Application.Transpose(vntFirst)
        .Range("B1").Resize(UBound(vntLast)) = Application.Transpose(vntLast)
    End With

End Sub

Module3
Option Explicit

Private Type typDetails
    firstName As String
    lastName As String
End Type

' Declare as 2D 1-based array.
Private userDetails(1 To 3, 1 To 1) As typDetails

' Introduce two 2D 1-based arrays.
Sub test5()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim vntFirst As Variant
    Dim vntLast As Variant

    Erase userDetails
    userDetails(1, 1).firstName = "Bob5"
    userDetails(1, 1).lastName = "Bobson5"
    userDetails(2, 1).firstName = "John5"
    userDetails(2, 1).lastName = "Johnson5"
    userDetails(3, 1).firstName = "Peter5"
    userDetails(3, 1).lastName = "Peterson5"

    ReDim vntFirst(1 To UBound(userDetails), 1 To 1)
    ReDim vntLast(1 To UBound(userDetails), 1 To 1)

    For i = 1 To UBound(userDetails)
        vntFirst(i, 1) = userDetails(i, 1).firstName
        vntLast(i, 1) = userDetails(i, 1).lastName
    Next

    With Worksheets(1)
        .Range("A1").Resize(UBound(vntFirst)) = vntFirst
        .Range("B1").Resize(UBound(vntLast)) = vntLast
    End With

End Sub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A new 16 minute anti-cartel film produced by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission aims to breaks through widely-held business views around collusion.
Will the ACCC's foray into film make its mark on cartel behaviour?
August 30, 2012 12.35am EDT
Caron Beaton-Wells, University of Melbourne
Caron Beaton-Wells
Professor, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne
Caron Beaton-Wells receives funding from the Australian Research Council.
University of Melbourne provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU.
Close scrutiny and tough sanctioning of cartel conduct (involving price fixing, market sharing, output reduction and bid rigging by competing businesses) has been a focus of competition law and enforcement across the globe for the last decade.
This focus has seen a growing number of countries criminalise this type of conduct. Criminal treatment is based on the view that cartels represent a widespread and potent threat to competition and hence to domestic and global economic welfare.
The economic rationale for a penalty approach has been accompanied by strong moral rhetoric by enforcement officials, tarnishing cartelists as cheats and thieves.
Australia's introduction of cartel offences and criminal sanctions in 2009 is consistent with this international trend. At the same time it represents a significant shift in the approach taken to regulating cartel conduct in this country.
The Marker is a new 16 minute anti-cartel film by the ACCC.
The shift is from a relatively benign regime involving civil penalties imposed at relatively low levels, to a heavy-handed one threatening the stigma of conviction and a jail sentence of up to ten years.
The reform was justified principally on the grounds that the threat of criminal sanctions is the most effective way to deter cartel conduct and induce compliance with the law.
Research carried out at the University of Melbourne's The Cartel Project exposed weaknesses in the key justifications given for cartel criminalisation. It revealed problems with the assumptions that are made about the likely effects of criminalisation on business behaviour both as a deterrence mechanism and as a moral inducement.
The researchers conducted a large scale survey of the Australian public including a group of 567 business people representative of the sector.
Interviews were also done with 25 business people who have been subject previously to civil enforcement proceedings by the ACCC as well as with a range of other stakeholders from the legal profession, the judiciary, consumer movement, academia and the media, as well as from the ACCC itself.
The research found considerable variation in the knowledge by business people that cartel conduct is against the law and a criminal offence. Only 42% of the business people surveyed knew that agreeing prices with competitors was a criminal offence.
Video interview featuring ACCC Chairman Rod Sims, University of Melbourne Associate Professor Caron Beaton-Wells and Qantas CEO Alan Joyce, conducted by the ACCC.
Less than half knew a fine was available as a penalty for this type of behaviour and less than a quarter knew that jail for individuals is available as a sanction.
The extent of business knowledge of criminal sanctions was correlated with the extent to which respondents agreed that cartel conduct should attract such sanctions.
Amongst the general survey population, a large majority agreed cartel conduct should be illegal; however less than half thought it should be a criminal offence and less than a quarter regarded it as sufficiently serious to attract a jail term.
Estimations by the business survey respondents of the likelihood of being caught for cartel conduct, facing enforcement action and being sentenced to jail were fairly low.
What's more, nearly a third (29%) of the business people responding to the survey thought a hypothetical person would breach the anti-cartel law despite the prospects of criminal sanctions including jail.
When asked about their own likely behaviour, respondents saw themselves as more virtuous than others — only 15% indicated that they would be likely to breach the law where civil penalties applied and only 9% where criminal sanctions applied. Nevertheless, that is still one in 10 who would seriously contemplate engaging in cartel conduct in spite of the risk of a jail term.
Significantly the research also showed that, for small and medium-size enterprise, decisions about whether to collude are not based on the law or its sanctions but on the business person's view of what is fair and just in the context of their industry, particularly where they are under pressure from larger rivals.
These findings are challenging for the ACCC - the agency that led the campaign for criminal sanctions on the promise that it would supercharge deterrence.
To its credit, the agency has paid attention and is conducting a major awareness-raising campaign. The centrepiece of the campaign is its new film - The Marker – the title invoking the "get out of jail free" card available under the ACCC's immunity policy.
The ACCC's educative efforts will have an impact, particularly at the big end of town. Many of the CEOs of Australia's top companies, to whom the film has been sent, will heed the call of ACCC Chairman Rod Sims to educate their workforces about cartel conduct and its adverse risks and consequences.
The agency's outreach efforts will be boosted by the publicity that will attend the first criminal case, when it is brought.
However, it is questionable whether the campaign will penetrate the consciousness of the vast majority of Australian business people in small to medium size businesses.
Even if they know about the anti-cartel laws, owners and managers in small-medium size businesses do not tend to see these laws as relevant to their affairs. The white collar characters and skyscraper companies depicted in The Marker may serve to reinforce this impression.
For this sector of the business community, different strategies will be required. Undoubtedly the ACCC will be aware of this. It will also be sensitive to the fact that members of the small business community are more likely to be receptive to ACCC advances on cartels if they perceive the ACCC as protecting their interests in other areas.
People in small-medium size business may not have The Marker at the top of their favourite move list. But they will be watching what the ACCC does in areas such as merger review, misuse of market power and unconscionable conduct (to name a few) where the behaviour of big businesses has a direct and at times devastating impact on the lives of small business people.
The research referred to in the article was conducted by a team of researchers, including Associate Professor Caron Beaton Wells, Monash University's Professor Christine Parker, Associate Professor Fiona Haines from the University of Melbourne and Professor David Round from the University of South Australia.


text:
June 27, 2018 July 2, 2018 Progressive Lawyers Group (法政匯思) 2018, Media Coverage
As anti-gay sentiment in Hong Kong grows, LGBTQ children's books are disappearing from shelves
Public libraries are moving the books to "closed stacks," where they can be accessed only upon request.
In Hong Kong's public libraries, LGBTQ-themed children's books are disappearing off the shelves.
Last week Hong Kong's Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD) confirmed that it had moved such books from regular library shelves to "closed stacks," where they can be accessed upon request. This basically means that children can read the books only under parental supervision.
This is a move that reflects the growing anti-gay sentiment in Hong Kong. So far, as many as 10 titles featuring same-sex couples or LGBTQ themes have been removed from the general shelves.
Books such as Daddy, Papa and Me, The Boy in the Dress, and Milly, Molly and Different Dadswere among those pulled.
An organization called the Family School Sexual Orientation Discrimination Ordinance Concern Group had demanded the removal of books because they promoted homosexuality.
But the move has ignited intense backlash from gay rights activist groups, who have called the act discriminatory.
"This is definitely a form of differential treatment, which is based on the discrimination of sexual minorities and their families," said Ray Chan, Hong Kong's first openly gay lawmaker, at a protest on Sunday.
Activists from about 40 LGBTQ rights groups in Hong Kong created a new coalition, the United Front for Open Libraries, and protested outside the Central Library in Causeway Bay.
"We are shocked by the LCSD's decision," said Brian Leung Siu-fai, chief operating officer of the rights group BigLove Alliance, at the protest. "The LCSD said they removed the books because of readers' complaints, but we know the people responsible are just one anti-gay rights group,"
Hong Kong has been pushing back on LGBTQ rights
Homosexuality was ruled legal in Hong Kong in 1991, but marriage is still defined as "the voluntary union for life of one man and one woman." This means that marriage between same-sex partners is not legally recognized and LGBTQ rights have been threatened there in recent years.
Earlier this month Hong Kong's high court overturned a landmark ruling that gave health benefits to the husband of a male civil servant. And a few days later the government requested that the Court of Final Appeal reverse a ruling that had said the refusal to issue a visa to the spouse of a British lesbian was "indirect discrimination."
That didn't sit well with gay rights activists. "They basically said there needs to be a full protection of the institution of marriage," said Geoffrey Yeung, a member of the Progressive Lawyers Group. "From my perspective and the perspective of the LGBT community, this basically means full exclusion of LGBT people from the institution of marriage."
At least one other place in the region is moving in a different direction, though. Taiwan, which lies just northeast of Hong Kong, is set to be the first place in Asia to legalize marriage between same-sex couples. In May 2017 Taiwan's constitutional court ruled as unconstitutional the legal definition of marriage as being "between a man and a woman" and gave the government two years to change marriage laws to allow unions between same-sex partners.
But in Hong Kong, gay rights activists will have to keep continually calling on the government so it will enforce laws that promote equality. And if the latest public libraries incident shows anything, they still have a long way to go.
Article originally appeared in Vox on 27 June 2018
Tagged LGBTQ, QT Case, 同志平權, 平權
法政匯思:有咩驅使你做個忠實嘅支持者,係愛定係責任呀? 文:鍾定英
七一遊行 (Annual Pro-democracy July 1 March)


Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2006;116(5):1317-1326. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI25308.
IL-23 is a member of the IL-12 cytokine family that drives a highly pathogenic T cell population involved in the initiation of autoimmune diseases. We have shown that IL-23–dependent, pathogenic T cells produced IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, and TNF but not IFN-γ or IL-4. We now show that T-bet and STAT1 transcription factors are not required for the initial production of IL-17. However, optimal IL-17 production in response to IL-23 stimulation appears to require the presence of T-bet. To explore the clinical efficacy of targeting the IL-23 immune pathway, we generated anti–IL-23p19–specific antibodies and tested to determine whether blocking IL-23 function can inhibit EAE, a preclinical animal model of human multiple sclerosis. Anti–IL-23p19 treatment reduced the serum level of IL-17 as well as CNS expression of IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-17, IL-6, and TNF mRNA. In addition, therapeutic treatment with anti–IL-23p19 during active disease inhibited proteolipid protein (PLP) epitope spreading and prevented subsequent disease relapse. Thus, therapeutic targeting of IL-23 effectively inhibited multiple inflammatory pathways that are critical for driving CNS autoimmune inflammation.


text:
Rum River Invite goes well for Mustangs
Submitted by admin on Wed, 09/21/2016 - 12:00am
Brian Meyers
The Mounds View High School cross country teams participated in the Rum River Invitational at Anoka High School on Sept. 15 and both teams had successful afternoons.
The Mustangs' boys team captured first place in the team standings while the girls squad had the No. 1 individual in the race.
Mounds View's boys team, which was ranked fifth in last week's Class AA coaches poll, finished with 46 points and beat runner-up St. Paul Highland Park by 52.
Individually, Mounds View's top six runners finished no worse than 17th. Junior David Dahl and senior Ezekiel Lelinga both posted top-five finishes. Dahl was third overall with a time of 16:28.06 and Lelinga was next across the finish line in fourth place in 16:34.91. The Mustangs' top five also included junior Joseph Lawson, who was 11th; freshman Will Sacay, who finished 13th; and senior Mark Ousdigian, who was 16th. Sophomore Lukas Hessini and junior Anders Bandt also ran in the varsity lineup.
The team victory was the second of the season for Mounds View, which also captured first place in the Irish Invitational in Rosemount on Sept. 2.
In the girls race, Mounds View freshman Morgan Dahl led all runners with a time of 19:16.76.
Both Mounds View teams are off this week and head their separate ways next weekend. The boys team treks up Interstate 35 to Duluth for the Swain Invitational at Enger Park Golf Course while the girls drive west to Willmar for an invitational meet at Eagle Creek Golf Course.
The Mustangs are back together on Oct. 8 for the Alexandria Lions Meet at the Arrowwood Resort.
Rum River Invitational
Sept. 15 at Anoka High School
Boys - Team scores
1 — Mounds View 46
2 — St. Paul Highland Park 98
3 — Robbinsdale Armstrong 144
4 — Totino-Grace 187
5 — Burnsville 203
6 — St. Michael-Albertville 212
7 — Champlin Park 220
8 — St. Louis Park 232
9 — Anoka 255
10 — Benilde-St. Margaret's 286
11 — Park-Cottage Grove 287
12 — Osseo 305
13 — Irondale 308
14 — Cretin-Derham Hall 311
15 — St. Paul Como Park 385
16 — Minneapolis South 408
17 — Spring Lake Park 410
18 — Park Center 503
19 — Robbinsdale Cooper 531
The Knights also competed at the Rum River Invite and the girls team finished fifth thanks to having three individuals place in the top 20.
Seventh-grader Elizabeth VanLoon led Irondale with a third-place performance and a time of 19:46.16. Senior Liz Axberg finished 11th and senior Michelle Meyer was 19th.
In the boys competition, Irondale finished 13th and was led by senior McEwan Rodefeld, who finished 19th.
Next up for both Irondale teams is the Roy Griak Invitational on Saturday at the Les Bolstad Golf Course at the University of Minnesota.
Brian Meyers can be reached at bmeyers@lillienews.com or 651-748-7819. Follow him on Twitter @BMeyersNews.


If you've decided to take the bull by the horns and built yourself a fence, you might be wondering where to get the best DIY materials.Fencing products can be picked up here and there, or you can shop at a one-stop location that is staffed by experts.Read on for some handy shopping tips.
1. Shop where the staff is knowledgeable.
Unless you've built several fences before, you probably have some questions. Shop at a place where the staff is smart, friendly and willing to give you all the advice you need.
2. Shop where top brands are sold.
Big-box home improvement stores may have a selection of fencing materials, but chances are they are not the top-quality products that you need. Make your dollars work hard, and shop for brands that will last.
3. Shop where your money goes farther.
Why pay retail when you can buy what you need at wholesale prices? Choose a supplier who can sell you what you need at the best price available.
Your fencing project is important, and your time and money are valuable. Purchasing all of your materials in one place will help you get the job done sooner and on budget. For more information about wholesale fence materials in Austin, visit this website.


Last week, after a trip to Miami for the National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association's annual conference, I had a couple of days on my calendar that were blank and decided a break was in order. For me a short break means just resting someplace where I can see something new, veg out and read.
Since seeing "Hamilton" on Broadway a few months back, I bought the Ron Chernow biography it's based on, but when it arrived I wasn't sure when I'd get the opportunity to read an 832-page book. If you've read my work, you know I love history and especially biographies. Since my research and writing on Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, a contemporary of Alexander Hamilton's, this book seemed a natural for me.
Did Hamilton's grandson mean much or little when he wrote, "There is a note of romance in their friendship, quite unusual even in those days, and Lafayette, especially during his early sojourn in this country, was on the closest terms with Hamilton"?
Now much of that has been written about by historians, and LGBT historians have researched it a little more, but I've always discounted its possibility. As Chernow writes in the book, "We'll never know." But that's what I appreciate; he doesn't hide this possibility or discount it as so many historians have about historical figures. It's why I went on my crusade about von Steuben and challenged any historian to refute my research. None has. What I'm getting at is that "Hamilton" on Broadway might be great music and it might even get people into history, but it left this little fact out.
History is important. LGBT history is ignored for the most part. October is LGBT History Month. It's important that we know our history, especially for LGBT youth so they know that their lives can be fulfilled and as important as a von Steuben, or maybe even a Hamilton. History gives us role models, and our youth need them of yesterday as well as those of today. We as a people are not a new invention. We are America, and some of us have helped make this a country.


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Chile in detail
Unlike some South American countries, bargaining is generally not the norm in Chile.
Dangers & Annoyances
Compared with other South American countries and much of North America, Chile is remarkably safe. Petty theft is a problem in larger cities and bus terminals and at beach resorts in summer, so always keep a close eye on all belongings. Photographing military installations is strictly prohibited.
Dogs & Bugs
Chile's stray canines are a growing problem. Scabies can be common in street dogs; don't pet those that have bad skin problems, it's highly contagious. If driving, be prepared for dogs barking and running after the bumper.
Summer in the south brings about the pesty tábano, a large biting horsefly that is more an annoyance than a health risk. Bring along insect repellent and wear light-colored clothing.
Earthquakes are a fact of life for most Chileans. Local construction often does not meet seismic safety standards; adobe buildings tend to be especially vulnerable. The unpredictability of quakes means there is little that a traveler can do to prepare.
Active volcanoes are less likely to threaten safety, since they usually give some warning. Nevertheless, unexpected eruptions in recent years have the country monitoring volcanoes more closely than ever.
Many of Chile's finest beaches have dangerous offshore rip currents, so ask before diving in and make sure someone onshore knows your whereabouts. Many beaches post signs that say apto para bañar (swimming OK) and no apto para bañar (swimming not OK) or peligroso (dangerous).
In winter, the smog in Santiago can become a health risk. The city declares 'pre-emergency' or 'emergency' states when the level of smog is dangerously high and takes measures to limit emissions. Children, senior citizens and people with respiratory problems should avoid trips to downtown Santiago at these times.
Personal Security & Theft
Crime is more concentrated in the dense urban areas, though picks up in tourist destinations in summer. Those staying in cabins should close and lock windows before heading out, particularly in popular resort towns. At the beach, be alert for pickpockets and avoid leaving valuables around while you go for a swim. Never leave an unattended car unlocked, leave seats and floors bare and keep all valuables in the trunk.
Don't fall for distractions, such as a tap on the shoulder, spitting or getting something spilled on you; these 'accidents' are often part of a team effort to relieve you of some valuables. Be mindful of your belongings and avoid conspicuous displays of expensive jewelry.
Stay clear of political protests, particularly in the capital; they have a tendency to attract violent clashes.
Baggage insurance is a good idea. Do not leave valuables such as cash or cameras in your room. Some travelers bring their own lock. Some hotels often have secure strongboxes in rooms.
The following government websites offer travel advisories and information on current hot spots.
Australian Government (www.smartraveller.gov.au)
Canadian Government (www.travel.gc.ca/travelling/advisories)
German Foreign Office (www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en)
Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (www.mofa.go.jp)
Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (www.belastingdienst.nl)
New Zealand Government (www.safetravel.govt.nz)
UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office (www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice)
US State Department (www.travel.state.gov)
An ISIC international student card or youth card will grant you varying discounts at some museums and tourist sites, though most national parks do not offer reductions. Some bus companies offer 25% discounts to students. Senior discount cards are not generally used.
The electricity current operates on 220V, 50Hz. Electrical sockets have two or three holes and accept round (European) plugs.
Emergency & Important Numbers
Country Code 56
International Access Code three-digit carrier + 0
Directory Assistance 103
National Tourist Information (in Santiago) 562-731-8310
Entry & Exit Formalities
Entry is generally straightforward as long as your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your arrival date.
Check Chilean customs (www.aduana.cl) for what and how much you can take in and out of the country.
No restrictions on import and export of local and foreign currency. Duty-free allowances include purchases of up to US$500.
Inspections are usually routine, although some travelers have had more thorough examinations. Travelers leaving the duty-free Regións I and XII are subject to internal customs inspections.
When entering the country, check your bags for food. There are heavy fines for fruit, dairy, spices, nuts, meat and organic products. SAG (Servicio Agrícola-Ganadero; Agriculture and Livestock Service) checks bags and levies fines to prevent the spread of diseases and pests that might threaten Chile's fruit exports.
X-ray machines are used at major international border crossings, such as Los Libertadores (the crossing from Mendoza, Argentina) and Pajaritos (the crossing from Bariloche, Argentina).
Generally not required for stays of up to 90 days. Australian citizens must pay a US$117 'reciprocity fee' when arriving by air.
Nationals of the US, Canada, Australia and the EU do not need a visa to visit Chile.
Passports are obligatory and are essential for cashing traveler's checks, checking into hotels and other routine activities.
Always carry your passport: Chile's police can demand identification at any moment, and many hotels require you to show it at check-in.
If your passport is lost or stolen, notify the police, ask them for a police statement, and advise your consulate as soon as possible.
Tourist Cards
On arrival, you'll be handed a 90-day tourist card in the form of a receipt with bar code. Don't lose it! If you do, go to the local policía internacional or the nearest police station. You will be asked for it upon leaving the country.
It's possible to renew a tourist card for 90 more days at the Departamento de Extranjería. Bring photocopies of your passport and tourist card. You can also visit the Departamento de Extranjería in a regional capital. Many visitors prefer a quick dash across the Argentine border and back.
Onward Tickets
Chile requires travelers to have a return or onward ticket. You may be asked to provide evidence at the flight counter in your departure country. The solution is to either purchase a refundable return air ticket or get the cheapest possible onward bus ticket from a bus company that offers online sales and print your receipt.
Greeting Say buenos dias or buenas tardes (good morning/good afternoon) when you walk into a room. Accept and give besos (kisses) on the cheek with friends. Address strangers or elders using the formal usted, señor or señora.
Farewell Adios or hasta luego means goodbye.
Excuse mePermiso
LGBTIQ+ Travelers
Chile is a very conservative, Catholic-minded country yet strides in tolerance are being made. Chile legalized civil unions for same sex couples in January 2015. Then President Michelle Bachelet shifted the national conversation to the left in her second term, sending a bill to congress to legalize same-sex marriage, although progress on this issue may stall under new President Sebastián Piñera.
Many of the hipper urban bars and clubs also have an active LGBTIQ+ scene. In Santiago, the LGBTIQ+ scene is surprisingly good, with nightlife centering on Barrio Bellavista. Movil H (Movement for the Integration and Liberation of Homosexuals; www.movilh.cl) advocates for homosexual rights and organizes the Gay Pride parade every June, with thousands of marchers. For listings in English, try VamosGay (www.vamosgay.com). Guia Gay Chile (www.guiagay.cl) lists some Santiago clubs.
In general, signing up for a travel-insurance policy is a good idea. For Chile, a basic theft/loss and medical policy is recommended. Read the fine print carefully because some companies exclude dangerous activities from coverage, which can include scuba diving, motorcycling and even trekking. You may prefer a policy that pays doctors or hospitals directly rather than you having to pay on the spot and make a claim later.
Make copies of all insurance information in the event that the original is lost.
Worldwide travel insurance is available at www.lonelyplanet.com/travel-insurance. You can buy, extend and claim online anytime – even if you're already on the road.
Most regions have excellent internet connections; it is typical for hotels, hostels and coffee shops to have wi-fi. Much of Patagonia lags behind in this area, though free public wi-fi is available in some communities on the plaza. Internet cafe rates range from CH$500 to CH$1200 per hour, with very high rates only in remote areas.
Chile's carabineros (police) have a reputation for being professional and polite. Penalties for common offenses are similar to those given in much of Europe and North America. Chile has a zero-tolerance policy toward drinking and driving, avoid alcohol if you plan to drive. Drug possession, use or trafficking – including soft drugs such as cannabis – is treated very seriously and results in severe fines and imprisonment.
Police can demand identification at any time, so carry your passport. Throughout the country, the toll-free emergency telephone number for the police is 133.
Chileans often refer to police as pacos, a disrespectful (though not obscene) term that should never be used to a police officer's face.
Members of the military take themselves seriously, so avoid photographing military installations.
If you are involved in any automobile accident, your license (usually your international permit) will be confiscated until the case is resolved, although local officials will usually issue a temporary driving permit within a few days. A blood-alcohol test is obligatory. After this, you will be taken to the police station to make a statement and then, under most circumstances, released. Ordinarily you cannot leave Chile until the matter is resolved; consult your consulate, insurance carrier and a lawyer at home.
Don't ever make the error of attempting to bribe the police, whose reputation for institutional integrity is high.
In Santiago, the Instituto Geográfico Militar, just south of the Alameda, produces excellent maps, also sold online. The IGM's 1:50,000 topographic series is valuable for trekkers, although the maps are out of date and those of sensitive border areas (where most national parks are) may not be available.
JLM Mapas publishes maps for all of the major regions and trekking areas at scales ranging from 1:50,000 to 1:500,000. The maps are widely distributed, easy to use and provide decent information, but they don't claim to be perfectly accurate.
In most major Chilean cities the Automóvil Club de Chile has an office that sells highway maps, although not all of them are equally well stocked. Drivers might find Copec maps by Compass (www.mapascompass.cl) useful, available in Copec gas stations. Some local government websites have interactive maps that allow you to search for a street address in major cities. The Plano Digital de Publiguías (www.planos.cl) has mapping from the yellow pages.
The best resource for detailed topographic maps to destinations in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, including Torres del Paine, is SIG Patagon (www.facebook.com/sigpatagon).
Newspapers Read Chilean news in English from the Santiago Times (www.santiagotimes.cl). Chile's El Mercurio (www.elmercurio.cl) is a conservative, dry but hugely respected newspaper. La Tercera (www.latercera.cl) is another mainstream option. Alternative newspaper the Clinic (www.theclinic.cl) provides cutting-edge editorials and satire on politics and society.
Radio A recommended radio news station is Radio Cooperativa (103.1FM).
TV Direct TV is common; most hotels and hospedajes (budget accommodations) have a hookup.
ATMs are widely available, except along the Carretera Austral. Credit cards are accepted at higher-end hotels, some restaurants and shops. Traveler's checks are not widely accepted.
The Chilean unit of currency is the peso (CH$). Bank notes come in denominations of 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 pesos. Coin values are one, five, 10, 50, 100 and 500 pesos, although one-peso coins are fast disappearing, and even fives and 10s are uncommon. Carry small bills with you. It can be difficult to change large bills in rural areas; try gas stations and liquor stores by asking, '¿Tiene suelto?'.
Exchange rates are usually best in Santiago. Chile's currency has been pretty stable in recent years. The value of the dollar seems to decline during peak tourist season and shoot back up again come March. Paying a bill with US cash is sometimes acceptable, especially at tour agencies (check their exchange rate carefully). Many top-end hotels publish rates in US dollars with a lower exchange rate than the daily one. It's best to pay all transactions in pesos.
Wire transfers should arrive in a few days. Chilean banks can give you money in US dollars on request. Western Union offices can be found throughout Chile, usually adjacent to the post office.
Chile's many ATMs, known as redbanc, are the easiest and most convenient way to access funds. Transaction fees can be as high as US$10, so withdraw larger sums to rack up fewer fees. Some travelers report that they cannot use Banco del Estado.
Most machines have instructions in Spanish and English. Choose the option tarjeta extranjera (foreign card) before starting the transaction. You cannot rely on ATMs in Pisco Elqui, Bahía Inglesa or in small Patagonian towns. Throughout Patagonia, many small villages only have one bank, Banco del Estado, whose ATMs only sometimes accept MasterCard affiliates.
Those crossing overland from El Chaltén, Argentina to Villa O'Higgins should bring plenty of Chilean pesos, as the nearest reliable banks are in Coyhaique.
Some foreign banks will reimburse ATM transaction fees; it's worth checking in advance. Also, withdrawals are limited to a sum of CH$200,000.
Some banks and casas de cambio (exchange houses) will exchange cash, usually US dollars only. Check the latter for commissions and poor rates. More costly purchases, such as tours and hotel bills, can sometimes be paid in US cash.
Plastic (especially Visa and MasterCard) is welcome in most established businesses; however, many businesses will charge up to 6% extra to cover the charge they have to pay for the transaction. Credit cards can also be useful to show 'sufficient funds' before entering another South American country.
Restaurants It's customary to tip 10% of the bill in restaurants (the bill may include it under 'servicio').
Taxis Drivers do not require tips, although you may round off the fare.
Australia A$1 CH$475
Canada C$1 CH$485
Euro zone €1 CH$731
Japan ¥100 CH$540
New Zealand NZ$1 CH$431
UK UK£1 CH$824
US US$1 CH$606
For current exchange rates see www.xe.com.
Hours given are generally for high season. In many provincial cities and towns, restaurants and services are closed on Sunday and tourist offices close in low season.
Banks 9am–2pm weekdays, sometimes 10am–1pm Saturday
Government offices & businesses 9am–6pm weekdays
Museums Often close Monday
Post Offices 9am–6pm Monday to Friday, to noon Saturday
Restaurants Noon–11pm, many close 4–7pm
Shops 10am–8pm, some close 1–3pm
Correos de Chile, Chile's national postal service, has reasonably dependable but sometimes slow postal services. To send packages within Chile, sending via encomienda (the bus system) is much more reliable and efficient.
Receiving Mail
You can receive mail via lista de correos (poste restante; equivalent to general delivery) at any Chilean post office. Some consulates will also hold correspondence for their citizens. To collect your mail from a post office or embassy, you need your passport as proof of identity. There is usually a small charge, about CH$200 per item. Mail is held for one month.
Send important overseas mail certificado (registered) to ensure its arrival; this costs around CH$600. Airmail takes around a week to both Europe and the US.
Sending parcels is straightforward, although a customs official may have to inspect your package before a postal clerk will accept it. Vendors in or near the post office will wrap parcels upon request. International courier services are readily available in Santiago, less so outside the capital.
Simply take the package to a bus company that goes to the destination. Label the package clearly with the destination and the name of the person who will pick it up, on arrival or from the company's office.
National holidays, when government offices and businesses are closed, are listed here. There is pressure to reduce these or to eliminate so-called sandwich holidays, which many Chileans take between an actual holiday and the weekend, by moving some to the nearest Monday.
Año Nuevo (New Year) January 1
Semana Santa (Easter Week) March or April
Día del Trabajo (Labor Day) May 1
Glorias Navales Commemorating the naval Battle of Iquique; May 21
Corpus Christi May/June; dates vary
Día de San Pedro y San Pablo (St Peter and St Paul's Day) June 29
Asunción de la Virgen (Assumption) August 15
Día de Unidad Nacional (Day of National Unity) First Monday of September
Día de la Independencia Nacional (National Independence Day) September 18
Día del Ejército (Armed Forces Day) September 19
Día de la Raza (Columbus Day) October 12
Todo los Santos (All Saints' Day) November 1
Inmaculada Concepción (Immaculate Conception) December 8
Navidad (Christmas Day) December 25
Smoking Banned indoors in public places, including restaurants and bars, in workplaces and on public transport.
Taxes & Refunds
A 19% value-added tax known as the impuesto de valor agregado (IVA) is levied on all goods and services.
When using US dollars or a foreign credit card to pay for lodgings or tour packages no IVA, or tax, is charged.
Throughout Chile, call centers with private cabins are rapidly being replaced by internet cafes with Skype. Remote tour operators and lodges may have satellite phones with a Santiago prefix.
Calling from cell phones or land lines requires different prefixes. Lonely Planet listings have phone numbers as called by cell phones, given the prevalence of travelers who buy local SIM cards.
Foreign travelers with unlocked cell phones can only use a Chilean SIM card after registering their own device in Chile. The national telecommunications website lists companies that certify phones (www.multibanda.cl/empresas-certificadoras). Register online or at a local office, a five-day process.
Local SIM cards are cheap and widely available, for use with unlocked GSM 850/1900 phones. There's 3G or 4G access in urban centers.
Cell-phone numbers have nine digits, starting with 9. If calling cell-to-landline, use the landline's area code.
Cell phones have a 'caller pays' format. Calls between cell and landlines are expensive and quickly eat up prepaid card amounts.
Purchase a new SIM card from a Chilean operator such as Entel or Movistar. Then purchase phone credit from the same carrier in kiosks, pharmacies or supermarket check-outs. In Patagonia, Entel has much better coverage than other companies.
There's reception in most inhabited areas, with the poorest reception in the middle of the Atacama Desert and parts of Patagonia.
Phone Codes
Chile's country code is 56. All telephone numbers in Santiago and the Metropolitan Region have seven digits; all other telephone numbers have six digits except for certain toll-free and emergency numbers. The toll-free number for the police is 133, ambulance is 131. You'll reach directory assistance at 103.
Long-distance calls are based on a carrier system: to place a call, precede the number with the telephone company's code: Entel (www.entel.cl), for example. To make a collect call, dial 182 to get an operator.
Calling Argentine Cell Phones
When dialing an Argentine cell phone from another country, dial your international exit code, then 54, then 9, then the area code without the 0, then the number – leaving out the 15 (which most Argentine cell phone numbers start with).
For most of the year, Chile is four hours behind GMT, but from mid-December to late March, because of daylight-saving time (summer time), the difference is three hours. The exact date of the changeover varies from year to year. Note that Southern Patagonia uses the summer time for the entire year. Easter Island is two hours behind Santiago.
Pipes and sewer systems in older buildings are quite fragile: used toilet paper should be discarded in wastebaskets. Cheaper accommodations and public toilets rarely provide toilet paper, so carry your own wherever you go. Better restaurants and cafes are good alternatives to public toilets, which are often dirty.
Every regional capital and some other cities have a local representative of Sernatur, the national tourist service. Offices vary in usefulness – some have astonishingly knowledgeable multilingual staff, but others have little hands-on knowledge of the destinations that they cover.
Many municipalities have their own tourist office, usually on the main plaza or at the bus terminal. In some areas, these offices may be open during summer only.
If you plan on hiking, buy good topo maps of the area you plan to visit from an outdoor store, as parks rarely have detailed maps of their own for visitors.
Some official international representatives for Chilean tourism can be found abroad. Consulates in major cities may have a tourist representative, but more accessible and comprehensive information can be found through specialized travel agencies and on the internet.
Chile has a few general travel agencies that work with affiliates around the world. Chilean Travel Service has well-informed multilingual staff and can organize accommodations and tours all over Chile through your local travel agency. STA (www.statravel.com) offers travel services for students.
Conaf (Corporación Nacional Forestal; www.conaf.cl) runs Chile's national parks.
Chile is a top family destination where bringing children offers up some distinct advantages. Little ones are welcomed and treasured, and empathy for parents is usually keen. Even strangers will offer help, and hotels and services tend to accommodate. There are lots of active adventures and family-oriented resorts and lodgings.
Best Regions for Kids
Brimming with children's museums, parks and winter resorts with easy terrain, fun events and kids' classes. Eco-adventure parks, horseback riding and ziplines offer excitement in nearby Cajón del Maipo.
Sur Chico
For horseback riding, lake dips, farm visits, water sports and volcano thrills. Lake towns Pucón or Puerto Varas provide the best bases to explore the region, with kid-centered events in summer.
Norte Chico
Seaside resorts provide beach fun, swimming and surf lessons. Kids love playing in the tide pools of La Piscina in Bahía Inglesa. The gentle, sunny climate here helps keep your plans on target.
Children love plenty of adult sports such as hiking or cycling, as long as they can go at their own pace. Scale activities down, bring snacks and have a plan B for when bad weather or exhaustion hits. Routine travel, like crossing fjords on a ferry or riding the subway, can amount to adventure. Activities like guided horseback rides (usually for ages eight and up), rafting and canyoning usually have age limits but are invariably fine for teenagers.
In rural areas, agritourism can be a great option, which can involve farm chores or just hiking with packhorses taking all the load. Some rivers may be suitable for children to float or raft; make sure outfitters have life vests and wet suits in appropriate sizes.
Chile is as kid-friendly as a destination gets, though it's best to take all the same travel precautions you would at home. Free or reduced admission rates are often given at events and performances. In Chile, people are helpful on public transportation; often someone will give up a seat for parent and child. Expecting mothers enjoy a boon of designated parking spaces and grocery-store checkout lines.
Though upper-middle-class families usually employ a nana (live-in or daily childcare), finding last-minute help is not easy. Babysitting services or children's activity clubs tend to be limited to upmarket hotels and ski resorts. If you're comfortable with an informal approach, trusted acquaintances can recommend sitters.
Formula, baby food and disposable diapers are easy to find. In general, public toilets are poorly maintained; always carry toilet paper, which tends to run out in bathrooms, and hand sanitizer, as there's rarely soap and towels. While a woman may take a young boy into the ladies' room, it is socially unacceptable for a man to take a girl into the men's room.
There are no special food and health concerns, but bottled water is a good idea for delicate stomachs.
While restaurants don't offer special kids' meals, most offer a variety of dishes suitable for children; none are spicy. It is perfectly acceptable to order a meal to split between two children or an adult and a child; most portions are abundant. High chairs are rarely available. The only challenge to dining families is the Latin hours. Restaurants open for dinner no earlier than 7pm, sometimes 8pm, and service can be quite slow. Bring a journal or scribble book and crayons for the kids to pass the time.
Bring a first-aid kit. There are no special food and health concerns, but bottled water is a good idea for delicate stomachs. Street dogs are common but usually mild-mannered and after food scraps.
Children's Highlights
Rafting the Río Petrohué Near Puerto Varas.
Horseback riding, Cajón de Maipo Go with Los Baqueanos.
Terrain Park, Valle Nevado A ski resort with family barbecues.
Rodeo fun around Santiago In summer at medialuna (half moon) stadiums.
Lollapalooza Chile, Santiago Has a kids' area.
Wandering around Santiago Kids can take free tours and explore Parque Bicentenario.
Patagonia asados Bring barbecues, best sampled outdoors at an estancia (grazing ranch) or a specialty restaurant like Asador Patagónico.
Soda fountain fun in cities Try Punta Arenas, where you can eat burgers on stools in retro restaurants like Fuente Hamburg.
Teahouses, Lakes District Serve fresh berry küchen (sweet German-style cakes) on rural roads throughout the region.
Rainy-Day Refuges
Museo Interactivo Mirador, Santiago Interactive museum.
Teatro del Lago, Frutillar Kids' workshops.
Museo Artequín, Santiago Making masterpieces in the kids' studio.
If renting a car, communicate ahead if you will need a child's seat; you might have to bring one. If you don't want to be tied town to a schedule while traveling, plenty of activities can be booked last minute.
Summer (December to February) for good weather and outdoor fun.
The desert north can be visited year-round.
Avoid the south during the rainiest months (May to July).
Winter (June to August) is fun as kids can try out skis.
Hotels often give discounts for families and some can provide cribs.
Aparthotels in cities are convenient and offer good value.
Cabins are widely available in summer and often have self-catering options.
Campgrounds in the south may have quinchos (barbecue huts) for some shelter from the rain.
Bathing suit, sunhat and warm clothing
Nontoxic bug spray
Good, broken-in walking shoes
Baby backpack – strollers aren't always convenient
Travel within Chile is a robust challenge for those with disabilities, though patient planning can open a lot of doors. Even top-end hotels and resorts cannot be relied upon to have ramps or rooms adapted for those with impaired mobility; an estimated 10% of hotels in Santiago cater to wheelchairs. Lifts are more common in large hotels and the law now requires new public buildings to provide disabled access.
Santiago's Metro has elevators and Transantiago has access ramps and spaces for wheelchairs on new buses. Some street lights have noise-indicated crossings for the blind. Those in wheelchairs will find Chile's narrow and poorly maintained sidewalks awkward to negotiate. Crossing streets is also tricky, but most Chilean drivers are remarkably courteous toward pedestrians – especially those with an obvious disability.
Wheel the World (https://gowheeltheworld.com) makes Chile's extremes more accessible to those with disabilities, with some very cool off-the-beaten-track opportunities in Patagonia and Easter Island.
American organization Accessible Journeys (www.disabilitytravel.com) organizes independent travel to Chile for people with disabilities.
National parks are often discounted and sometimes free for disabled visitors (check ahead with Conaf; www.conaf.cl). Cruises or ferries such as Navimag sometimes offer free upgrades to disabled travelers, and some of the ski resorts near Santiago have outrigger poles for disabled skiers.
Experienced outdoor guides may be able to exchange labor for accommodations during the busy high season, if you can stick out the entire season. Language schools often place students in volunteer work as well. Spanish-language skills are always a plus.
AMA Torres del Paine (www.amatorresdelpaine.org) Located in the national park, works with a limited number of volunteers.
Experiment Chile (www.experiment.cl) Organizes 14-week language-learning/volunteer programs.
Go Voluntouring (www.govoluntouring.com) Canadian organization that consolidates listings from various NGOs, such as Earthwatch, in addition to social and teaching programs.
Un Techo Para Chile (www.untechoparachile.cl) Nonprofit organization that builds homes for low-income families throughout the country.
WWOOF Chile Volunteers (wwoofers) live and learn about farming on organic properties.
Weights & Measures Use the metric system except for tire pressure, which is measured in pounds per square inch.
It's increasingly difficult to obtain residence and work permits for Chile. Consequently, many foreigners do not bother to do so, but the most reputable employers will insist on the proper visa. If you need one, go to the Departamento de Extranjería.
In Santiago, many youth hostels offer work, an offer usually stated on their websites. It is not unusual for visiting travelers to work as English-language instructors in Santiago and other cities. In general, pay is hourly and full-time employment is hard to come by without a commitment to stay for some time.
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Norden C.C.
Norden Cricket Club are an English cricket team currently playing in the Central Lancashire League.
They are currently named Thwaites Norden CC as part of a sponsorship deal with a brewery and play their home fixtures at Stag Park, Norden, Rochdale, Greater Manchester.
They have an indirect link to Norden Football Club, refounded in 2002 by a group of members of the cricket club.
Norden Cricket Club - The first 100 years
1875 Greenbooth Cricket Club was formed. Early games were played in the school yard, but this soon caused trouble. Local mill owner Mr. R. H. H. Hutchinson, later Club President, put a nearby field at the club disposal.
1876 A small wooden hut was purchased for use as a pavilion. Players paid three shillings per annum and members half a crown.
1881 A change of ground was sought and one season was spent at Pithouses in Norden Village, rented from Farmer Shepherd for £6 per year
1882 Greenbooth Cricket Club found themselves playing at Woodhouse Lane. The square was laid at a cost of £18 - 6s - 8d
1885 A new wooden pavilion was created at a cost of £60. This was to last until 1951, when it was replaced by a new structure.
1887 There were 30 playing members and 64 honorary members.
1888 Although still playing friendly matches, the first club professional was employed, a George Hammond of Bury. His remuneration is understood to have been five shillings per game.
1892 Greenbooth Cricket Club entered their first league ~ The Bury and District Cricket League. There were 236 members at this time.
1894 There was a scare with the news that a railway track and station were planned at the east end of the ground which would have put paid to the Cricket Club, happily the project was not undertaken.
1895 After only one season in the Bury League the club reverted to friendly matches. But in 1895 they joined the South East Lancashire League. A new professional and coach was employed, a John Redfern from Linthwaite. His salary was large for those days, £2 - 2s - 0d per week. This caused the players annual subscriptions to be raised from three shillings to four shillings.
1896 Another league change took place when the club joined the Middleton and District Cricket League, with John Redfern still professional. The club was reported to have 350 members.
1898 No professional was engaged for this season.
1899 A new professional was engaged, G. E. Broadley a fast bowler from Accrington. The club won their first championship ~ The Middleton and District League.
1900 The installation of a licensed bar had been discussed for some time and finally, NOT with the full support of all the members, this was agreed.
1903 The licensed bar was causing an amount of controversy amongst members. Although the clubs finances were helped by bar income, no professional was engaged.
1904 Controversy still raged over the licensed bar. A new professional by the name of A. Firth, was signed. The club remained in the Middleton and District League but the name of the league was changed to the Lancashire Cricket Council.
1905 BAR CLOSED!!
1906 Due to the bar closure support for the club declined and the finances were in a poor state, there was a debt of fifty pounds this year.
1911 The club finished next to bottom in the League. The league compromised of only four teams who played each other four times in the season.
1915 This was the last season before the break for World War I. Greenbooth won the League Championship. An application was made to join the Central Lancashire League but this was unsuccessful. There were three vacancies at the time.
1920 The club changed it's name from Greenbooth Cricket Club to Norden Cricket and Recreation Club.
1921 Club admitted to South Lancashire League. Club professional for this season was H. B. Watson. At the end of the season the club was £120 in debt.
1923 Fred Wilkinson was engaged as club professional.
1926 The first eleven won only one game this season.
1932 One of the founder members of the club, Mr. Edmund Ashworth, died at the age of 82.
1934 The first eleven finished third in the league.
1937 Norden became members of the Saddleworth League.
1945 The owners of the ground ~ Beswick Royds Estates offered the ground to the club if they could raise the purchase price of £450. A highly successful appeal for funds from the public resulted in seven hundred pounds being raised and the ground was purchased.
1950 Club in existence for 75 years. Committee formed with a view to build a new pavilion.
1951 £2,600 was raised by many differing efforts in aid of the new pavilion. With help from members, players and local business men the new pavilion was constructed. The official opening ceremony was performed by Dr. Vernon Bell, an ex-player, on Saturday 28th July. An official programme was on sale priced sixpence. The members were entertained by Norden first eleven playing Fieldhouse first eleven. Teas for the day were prepared by the ladies and the menu read as follows: TURKEY 5/-, HAM 3/6, SALAD 1/9. ALL INCLUSIVE OF TEA, BREAD & BUTTER. FRUIT AND CAKE. Plans for the pavilion were drawn by architect Jack Smith. The pavilion was described as follows in the souvenir programme: "There are dressing rooms at either end of the building: a hall or assembly room in the centre, secretary's room and a large kitchen. The pavilion covers an area of 176 sq. yds. exclusive of the terracing which covers a further 70 sq. yds. Volunteer labour was used to bring the building up to floor level and the following materials were used: Stone ballast 62 tons. Sand 28 tons. Cement 9 tons. Stone pitching and filling 70 tons. Granite chipping 8 tons. Bricks 10,000. Ashes 30 tons. drain pipes, gutters etc."
1952 The first eleven won their league with 50 points from 22 matches, losing only two games.
1953 Once again the first eleven finished champions and the second eleven finished runners-up in their division.
1957 This was probably the most successful season in the clubs history, both teams were League Champions and of course won the Aggregate Cup.
1959 Another change of League was made when Norden. C. C joined the Lancashire and Cheshire League.
1966 This was the next success for the club with the second team taking the championship.
1967 to 1975 Norden were finding things difficult in the Lancashire a Cheshire League against more experienced sides, most of which were long standing Social and Cricket Clubs, which set a new standard for Norden where there was practically no social side to the club at all. This raised the subject of the licensed bar which had been closed in 1905, some sixty years ago. In 1966 an extra ordinary general meeting failed to get the members support, but a further meeting reversed this decision ~ but not with 100% support. The club had little or no money at this time, so to raise the four hundred pounds required for the bar installation, 26 of the clubs members paid ten years subscriptions in advance, which, with the £150 in hand sufficed the cost of the bar installation and other alterations. BAR RE-OPENED!! The small bar served the Club well and finances were much healthier at this time. It was decided that a better bar should be built and the club lounge extended. In the winter of 1973 this was done with a lot of voluntary labour and gifts from many people without the club going into serious debt. West Indian ~ John Holder was signed by the club in 1975. John had just spent the winter coaching and playing in South Africa and it was hoped that his experience would lift the club out of the "doldrums" which they had been experiencing for some considerable time.
Acknowledgements to W. Wrightman ~ Club Statistician 1921 - 1978 and Phil Holmes.
* [http://www.nordencricketclub.co.uk Official website]
Milnrow C.C.
Radcliffe C.C.
Norden — may refer to several things. Geography * the Scandinavian name for the Nordic countries [http://www.fotw.net/flags/xn nordn.html] . * Norden, Lower Saxony: a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. * Norden Township, Minnesota: a township in Minnesota,… … Wikipedia
Norden — Norden … Wikipédia en Français
NORDEN — NORDEN, family of South African pioneers (mid 19th century), consisting of five brothers – Benjamin, Joshua Davis, Marcus, Samuel, and Harry. They were among the 18 Jewish members of the party of settlers sent out by the British government in… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Norden — Bandera … Wikipedia Español
Norden — Norden, ein Hauptwort, welches nur mit einigen Vorwörtern und ohne Artikel gebraucht wird, die mitternächtige Himmelsgegend, Nord, zu bezeichnen. Der Wind kommt aus Norden. Sich gegen Norden wenden. Das Haus liegt gegen Norden. Als ein… … Grammatisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart
Norden — [Basiswortschatz (Rating 1 1500)] Auch: • nördlich • Nord... • Nord Bsp.: • Der Wind wehte von Norden … Deutsch Wörterbuch
Norden [1] — Norden, 1) der Nullpunkt der in 360° getheilten Windrose; dessen Zusammensetzungen sind: N. zu Ost = 11°15 von Nordost; Nordnordost = 22° 30 von N. gegen Ost; Nordost zu N. = 33° 45 von N. gegen Ost, Nordost = 45° von N. gegen Ost, Nordost zu Ost … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Norden [2] — Norden, 1) Amt im hannöverschen Fürstenthum Ostfriesland, an der Nordsee; 10,000 Ew.; 2) Stadt darin, Amtssitz am Leyfand; Hafen, Armenhaus, Lateinische Schule, gutes Bier, Weberei, Pferdemärkte, Assecuranzgesellschaft, Tauschlägereien, Tabak u.… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Norden [3] — Norden, Friedrich Ludwig, geb. 1708 in Glückstadt; wurde 1722 dänischer Seecadet, bereiste das Mittelmeer nautischer Studien halber, verweilte längere Zeit in Livorno, besuchte Ägypten u. Nubien, wurde nach seiner Rückkehr Schiffscapitän, trat… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Norden [1] — Norden, Himmelsgegend, s. Mitternacht … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon


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myscience.uk › news › wire › Sussex Professor's treaty proposal to keep fossil fuels in the ground taken to the UN
Sussex Professor's treaty proposal to keep fossil fuels in the ground taken to the UN
A treaty proposal to keep fossil fuels in the ground, developed by a University of Sussex Professor, has been presented to the United Nations Security Council by former Irish Prime Minister Mary Robinson.
Peter Newell , Professor of International Relations at the University of Sussex, first proposed the idea with Sussex Research Associate and co-founder of the New Weather Institute Andrew Simms in an article in The Guardian newspaper in 2018.
The treaty proposal intends to unite nations to prevent the proliferation of fossil fuel use and to phase-out existing stockpiles in line with the 1.5c global climate goal. It also seeks to redirect the vast amounts of subsidies given to fossil fuels (which currently stand at 6.3% of global GDP) towards supporting low carbon energy alternatives.
The idea then received backing in a published letter from leading activists such as Naomi Klein and 350.org's Bill McKibben, as well as the heads of Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, and politicians such as former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Sir Ed Davey.
The treaty proposal has triggered a civil society campaign , and has now been referred to by former Irish Prime Minister Mary Robinson in her statement to the UN Security Council. She called for 'work to begin on a new Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty - a bold and innovative idea that seeks to bring transparency, accountability and agreement to the cessation of fossil fuel production in a way that supports jobs and livelihoods.'
In her statement, she also insisted that 'new ideas like these are needed - a new mindset that recognises the urgency of the challenge the IPCC posed in its report on warming at 1.5?C.'
According to the United Nations and other organisations , the world is on track to produce more than twice as much coal, oil and gas by 2030 than is consistent with limiting the rise in global temperature to below 1.5c.
Prof Newell said: "I'm delighted that this idea has now been presented at the UN. We urgently need to embrace approaches which get to the root of the climate change problem."
There is now growing momentum around proposals such as this with countries such as New Zealand, France and Costa Rica announcing bans on extraction of new oil. Supporters of the treaty believe the UK could show real global leadership at the UN climate summit they are hosting this year by giving the treaty their full support.
By: Stephanie Allen
Last updated: Thursday, 16 January 2020
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Next Medicine
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Next Clinical Psychology
Next Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy 9780415876391-01-000 9780415876391-01-000 9780415876391
https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/the-first-year-and-the-rest-of-your-life-movement-development-and-psyc/ruella-frank/frances-la-barre/hardback/9780415876391-01-000.html
The First Year and the Rest of Your Life Movement, Development, and Psychotherapeutic Change
By Ruella Frank (Author), Frances La Barre (Author)
https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/the-first-year-and-the-rest-of-your-life-movement-development-and-psyc/ruella-frank/frances-la-barre/hardback/9780415876391-01-000.html £97.99
The movement repertoire that develops in the first year of life is a language in itself and conveys desires, intentions, and emotions. This early life in motion serves as the roots of ongoing nonverbal interaction and later verbal expression - in short, this language remains a key element in communication throughout life. In their path-breaking book, gestalt therapist Ruella Frank and psychoanalyst Frances La Barre give readers the tools to see and understand the logic of this nonverbal realm. They demonstrate how observations of fundamental movement interactions between babies and parents cue us to coconstructed experiences that underlie psychological development. Numerous clinical vignettes and detailed case studies show how movement observation opens the door to understanding problems that develop in infancy and also those that appear in the continuing nonverbal dimension of adult communication. Their user-friendly nonverbal lexicon - foundational movement analysis - enhances perception of emerging interactive patterns of parents and their babies, couples, and individual adults within psychotherapy. Clinicians in any setting will find this book to be a masterful application of infant research and movement theory that significantly augments clinical acumen and promotes greater understanding of the nonverbal basis of all relationships. 39 Halftones, black and white; 4 Tables, black and white
Ruella Frank, Ph.D., is founder and director of the Center for Somatic Studies, and faculty at Gestalt Associates for Psychotherapy and the New York Institute for Gestalt Therapy. She teaches throughout the United States, Europe, and Mexico and is the author of articles and chapters in various publications, as well as Body of Awareness: A Somatic and Developmental Approach to Psychotherapy (Gestalt Press, 2001), available in four languages.Frances La Barre, Ph.D., is a licensed psychologist-psychoanalyst in private practice in New York City, where she works with individual adults, children, and couples. She is Adjunct Professor and co-Director of the Parent-Infant/Toddler Research Nursery at Pace University, and a supervisor and faculty member at the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Study Center and the Institute for Contemporay Psychotherapy. She lectures and teaches both in the United States and Europe. Her book, On Moving and Being Moved: Nonverbal Behavior in Clinical Practice (Analytic Press, 2001), and articles are known for her unique application of movement studies to psychotherapy.
Contributor: Ruella Frank
Biography: Ruella Frank, Ph.D., is founder and director of the Center for Somatic Studies, and faculty at Gestalt Associates for Psychotherapy and the New York Institute for Gestalt Therapy. She teaches throughout the United States, Europe, and Mexico and is the author of articles and chapters in various publications, as well as Body of Awareness: A Somatic and Developmental Approach to Psychotherapy (Gestalt Press, 2001), available in four languages.Frances La Barre, Ph.D., is a licensed psychologist-psychoanalyst in private practice in New York City, where she works with individual adults, children, and couples. She is Adjunct Professor and co-Director of the Parent-Infant/Toddler Research Nursery at Pace University, and a supervisor and faculty member at the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Study Center and the Institute for Contemporay Psychotherapy. She lectures and teaches both in the United States and Europe. Her book, On Moving and Being Moved: Nonverbal Behavior in Clinical Practice (Analytic Press, 2001), and articles are known for her unique application of movement studies to psychotherapy.
Ruella Frank
https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/the-first-year-and-the-rest-of-your-life-movement-development-and-psyc/ruella-frank/frances-la-barre/hardback/9780415876391.html £97.99