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Versions: (draft-eastlake-dnsext-2929bis) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 RFC 5395
INTERNET-DRAFT                                    Donald E. Eastlake 3rd
Obsoletes RFC 2929                                 Motorola Laboratories
Updates RFCs 1183 and 3597
Expires: December 2006                                         June 2006
Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations
------ ---- ------ ----- -------------------
<draft-ietf-dnsext-2929bis-03.txt>
By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
Distribution of this draft is unlimited.  It is intended to become
the new BCP 42 obsoleting RFC 2929.  Comments should be sent to the
DNS Working Group mailing list <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>.
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
Drafts.
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) parameter assignment
considerations are specified for the allocation of Domain Name System
(DNS) Classes, RR Types, operation codes, error codes, RR header
bits, and AFSDB subtypes.
D. Eastlake 3rd                                                 [Page 1]
INTERNET-DRAFT           DNS IANA Considerations               June 2006
Status of This Document....................................1
Abstract...................................................1
Table of Contents..........................................2
1. Introduction............................................3
2. DNS Query/Response Headers..............................3
2.1 One Spare Bit?.........................................4
2.2 Opcode Assignment......................................4
2.3 RCODE Assignment.......................................5
3. DNS Resource Records....................................6
3.1 RR TYPE IANA Considerations............................7
3.1.1 DNS TYPE Allocation Policy...........................8
3.1.2 Expert Review DNS TYPE Expert Review Template........8
3.1.3 DNS RRTYPE Expert Guidelines.........................9
3.1.4 Special Note on the OPT RR..........................10
3.1.5 The AFSDB RR Subtype Field..........................10
3.2 RR CLASS IANA Considerations..........................10
3.3 RR NAME Considerations................................12
4. Security Considerations................................12
Additional IPR Provisions.................................14
Appendix: Changes from RFC 2929...........................15
Copyright.................................................16
Normative References......................................16
Informative References....................................17
Author's Address..........................................19
Expiration and File Name..................................19
Disclaimer................................................19
The Domain Name System (DNS) provides replicated distributed secure
hierarchical databases which hierarchically store "resource records"
(RRs) under domain names.  DNS data is structured into CLASSes and
zones which can be independently maintained.  See [RFC 1034, 1035,
2136, 2181, 4033] familiarity with which is assumed.
This document provides, either directly or by reference, the general
IANA parameter assignment considerations applying across DNS query
and response headers and all RRs.  There may be additional IANA
considerations that apply to only a particular RR type or
query/response opcode.  See the specific RFC defining that RR type or
query/response opcode for such considerations if they have been
defined, except for AFSDB RR considerations [RFC 1183] which are
included herein. This RFC obsoletes [RFC 2929].
IANA currently maintains a web page of DNS parameters. See
<http://www.iana.org/numbers.htm>.
"IETF Standards Action", "IETF Consensus", "Specification Required",
and "Private Use" are as defined in [RFC 2434].
2. DNS Query/Response Headers
The header for DNS queries and responses contains field/bits in the
following diagram taken from [RFC 2136, 2929]:
1  1  1  1  1  1
0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|                      ID                       |
|QR|   Opcode  |AA|TC|RD|RA| Z|AD|CD|   RCODE   |
|                QDCOUNT/ZOCOUNT                |
|                ANCOUNT/PRCOUNT                |
|                NSCOUNT/UPCOUNT                |
|                    ARCOUNT                    |
The ID field identifies the query and is echoed in the response so
they can be matched.
The QR bit indicates whether the header is for a query or a response.
The AA, TC, RD, RA, AD, and CD bits are each theoretically meaningful
only in queries or only in responses, depending on the bit.  However,
some DNS implementations copy the query header as the initial value
of the response header without clearing bits.  Thus any attempt to
use a "query" bit with a different meaning in a response or to define
a query meaning for a "response" bit is dangerous given existing
implementation.  Such meanings may only be assigned by an IETF
Standards Action.
The unsigned integer fields query count (QDCOUNT), answer count
(ANCOUNT), authority count (NSCOUNT), and additional information
count (ARCOUNT) express the number of records in each section for all
opcodes except Update [RFC 2136].  These fields have the same
structure and data type for Update but are instead the counts for the
zone (ZOCOUNT), prerequisite (PRCOUNT), update (UPCOUNT), and
additional information (ARCOUNT) sections.
2.1 One Spare Bit?
There have been ancient DNS implementations for which the Z bit being
on in a query meant that only a response from the primary server for
a zone is acceptable.  It is believed that current DNS
implementations ignore this bit.
Assigning a meaning to the Z bit requires an IETF Standards Action.
2.2 Opcode Assignment
Currently DNS OpCodes are assigned as follows:
OpCode Name                      Reference
0     Query                     [RFC 1035]
1     IQuery  (Inverse Query, Obsolete) [RFC 3425]
2     Status                    [RFC 1035]
3     available for assignment
4     Notify                    [RFC 1996]
5     Update                    [RFC 2136]
6-15   available for assignment
New OpCode assignments require an IETF Standards Action as modified
by [RFC 4020].
2.3 RCODE Assignment
It would appear from the DNS header above that only four bits of
RCODE, or response/error code are available.  However, RCODEs can
appear not only at the top level of a DNS response but also inside
OPT RRs [RFC 2671], TSIG RRs [RFC 2845], and TKEY RRs [RFC 2930].
The OPT RR provides an eight bit extension resulting in a 12 bit
RCODE field and the TSIG and TKEY RRs have a 16 bit RCODE field.
Error codes appearing in the DNS header and in these three RR types
all refer to the same error code space with the single exception of
error code 16 which has a different meaning in the OPT RR from its
meaning in other contexts.  See table below.
RCODE   Name    Description                        Reference
0    NoError   No Error                           [RFC 1035]
1    FormErr   Format Error                       [RFC 1035]
2    ServFail  Server Failure                     [RFC 1035]
3    NXDomain  Non-Existent Domain                [RFC 1035]
4    NotImp    Not Implemented                    [RFC 1035]
5    Refused   Query Refused                      [RFC 1035]
6    YXDomain  Name Exists when it should not     [RFC 2136]
7    YXRRSet   RR Set Exists when it should not   [RFC 2136]
8    NXRRSet   RR Set that should exist does not  [RFC 2136]
9    NotAuth   Server Not Authoritative for zone  [RFC 2136]
10    NotZone   Name not contained in zone         [RFC 2136]
11 - 15         Available for assignment
16    BADVERS   Bad OPT Version                    [RFC 2671]
16    BADSIG    TSIG Signature Failure             [RFC 2845]
17    BADKEY    Key not recognized                 [RFC 2845]
18    BADTIME   Signature out of time window       [RFC 2845]
19    BADMODE   Bad TKEY Mode                      [RFC 2930]
20    BADNAME   Duplicate key name                 [RFC 2930]
21    BADALG    Algorithm not supported            [RFC 2930]
22    BADTRUC   Bad Truncation                     [TSIG-SHA]
23 - 3,840
0x0017 - 0x0F00   Available for assignment
0x0F01 - 0x0FFF   Private Use
0x1000 - 0xFFFE   Available for assignment
0xFFFF            Reserved, can only be allocated by an IETF
Since it is important that RCODEs be understood for interoperability,
assignment of new RCODE listed above as "available for assignment"
requires an IETF Consensus.
3. DNS Resource Records
All RRs have the same top level format shown in the figure below
taken from [RFC 1035]:
|                                               |
/                                               /
/                      NAME                     /
|                      TYPE                     |
|                     CLASS                     |
|                      TTL                      |
|                   RDLENGTH                    |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--|
/                     RDATA                     /
NAME is an owner name, i.e., the name of the node to which this
resource record pertains.  NAMEs are specific to a CLASS as described
in section 3.2.  NAMEs consist of an ordered sequence of one or more
labels each of which has a label type [RFC 1035, 2671].
TYPE is a two octet unsigned integer containing one of the RR TYPE
codes.  See section 3.1.
CLASS is a two octet unsigned integer containing one of the RR CLASS
TTL is a four octet (32 bit) bit unsigned integer that specifies, for
data TYPEs, the number of seconds that the resource record may be
cached before the source of the information should again be
consulted.  Zero is interpreted to mean that the RR can only be used
for the transaction in progress.
RDLENGTH is an unsigned 16 bit integer that specifies the length in
octets of the RDATA field.
RDATA is a variable length string of octets that constitutes the
resource. The format of this information varies according to the TYPE
and in some cases the CLASS of the resource record.
3.1 RR TYPE IANA Considerations
There are three subcategories of RR TYPE numbers: data TYPEs, QTYPEs,
and MetaTYPEs.
Data TYPEs are the primary means of storing data.  QTYPES can only be
used in queries.  Meta-TYPEs designate transient data associated with
a particular DNS message and in some cases can also be used in
queries.  Thus far, data TYPEs have been assigned from 1 upwards plus
the block from 100 through 103 while Q and Meta Types have been
assigned from 255 downwards except for the OPT Meta-RR which is
assigned TYPE 41.  There have been DNS implementations which made
caching decisions based on the top bit of the bottom byte of the RR
There are currently three Meta-TYPEs assigned: OPT [RFC 2671], TSIG
[RFC 2845], and TKEY [RFC 2930].
There are currently five QTYPEs assigned: * (all), MAILA, MAILB,
AXFR, and IXFR.
Considerations for the allocation of new RR TYPEs are as follows:
0x0000 - TYPE zero is used as a special indicator for the SIG RR [RFC
2931, 4034] and in other circumstances and must never be
allocated for ordinary use.
0x0001 - 0x007F - remaining TYPEs in this range are assigned for data
TYPEs by the DNS TYPE Allocation Policy as specified in
section 3.1.1.
0x0080 - 0x00FF - remaining TYPEs in this rage are assigned for Q and
Meta TYPEs by the DNS TYPE Allocation Policy as specified in
256 - 32,767
0x0100 - 0x7FFF - assigned for data TYPEs by the DNS TYPE Allocation
Policy as specified in section 3.1.1.
0x8000 - 0xFEFF - assigned for Q or Meta TYPEs by the DNS TYPE
Allocation Policy as specified in section 3.1.1..
0xFF00 - 0xFFFE - Private Use.
0xFFFF - Reserved, can only be assigned by an IETF Standards Action.
3.1.1 DNS TYPE Allocation Policy
Parameter values specified in Section 3.1 above as assigned based on
DNS TYPE Allocation Policy are allocated by Expert Review if they
meet the two requirements listed below. Some guidelines for the
Expert are given in Section 3.1.3. RR TYPEs that do not meet these
requirements, are allocated by IETF Standards Action as modified by
[RFC 4020].
1. A complete template as specified in Section 3.1.2 has been posted
for three weeks to the namedroppers@ops.ietf.org mailing list
before the Expert Review decision.
Note that partially completed or draft templates may be posted
for comment.
2. The RR for which a TYPE code is being requested is either (a) a
data TYPE which can be handled as an Unknown RR as described in
[RFC 3597] or (b) a Meta TYPE who processing is optional, i.e.,
which it is safe to simply discard.
Note that such RRs may include additional section processing
provided such processing is optional.
3.1.2 Expert Review DNS TYPE Expert Review Template
DNS RR TYPE PARAMETER ALLOCATION TEMPLATE
Name, email, and telephone number of originator:
Pointer to internet-draft or other public document giving a
detailed description of the protocol use of the new RR Type:
What need is the new RR TYPE intended to satisfy?
What existing RR TYPE or TYPEs come closest to filling that
need and why are they unsatisfactory?
Does the proposed RR TYPE require special handling within the
DNS different from an Unknown RR TYPE or ignorable meta-TYPE?
3.1.3 DNS RRTYPE Expert Guidelines
The designed DNS RRTYPE Expert is required to monitor discussion of
the proposed RRTYPE which may occur on the namedroppers mailing list
and to consult with other experts as necessary. The Expert should
reject any RRTYPE allocation request which meets the following
criterion:
1. Did not have a complete template as specified above posted to the
namedroppers mailing list for at least three weeks.
2. Was documented in a manner that was not sufficiently clear to
evaluate or ensure interoperability.
3. The RRTYPE value is needed for a DNS extension, but the extension
is not consistent with the documented (or generally understood)
architecture of the DNS protocol, and would be harmful to the DNS
if widely deployed.
4. The intended use of the proposed RRTYPE would cause problems with
existing DNS deployments.
5. The requested RRTYPE would conflict with one under development
within the IETF and the existence of more than one such type would
harm interoperability.
6. An existing RRTYPE or RRTYPEs appear to adequately meet the
purpose of the RR for which an RRTYPE value or values are
requested.
7. An excessive number of RRTYPE values is being requested when the
purpose could be met with a smaller number.
8. The request appears to be for an RRTYPE value that would not
genuinely be used in the DNS or whose use would be insignificant
or whose near term use would be better met by a value from the
range reserved for Private Use.
3.1.4 Special Note on the OPT RR
The OPT (OPTion) RR, number 41, is specified in [RFC 2671].  Its
primary purpose is to extend the effective field size of various DNS
fields including RCODE, label type, OpCode, flag bits, and RDATA
size.  In particular, for resolvers and servers that recognize it, it
extends the RCODE field from 4 to 12 bits.
3.1.5 The AFSDB RR Subtype Field
The AFSDB RR [RFC 1183] is a CLASS insensitive RR that has the same
RDATA field structure as the MX RR but the 16 bit unsigned integer
field at the beginning of the RDATA is interpreted as a subtype as
0x0000 -  Reserved, allocation requires IETF Standards Action.
0x0001 - Andrews File Service v3.0 Location Service [RFC 1183].
0x0002 - DCE/NCA root cell directory node [RFC 1183].
3 - 65,279
0x0003 - 0xFEFF - Allocation by IETF Consensus.
0xFFFF - Reserved, allocation requires IETF Standards Action.
3.2 RR CLASS IANA Considerations
There are currentlty two subcategories of DNS CLASSes: normal data
containing classes and QCLASSes that are only meaningful in queries
or updates.
DNS CLASSes have been little used but constitute another dimension of
the DNS distributed database.  In particular, there is no necessary
relationship between the name space or root servers for one data
CLASS and those for another data CLASS.  The same name can have
D. Eastlake 3rd                                                [Page 10]
completely different meanings in different CLASSes. The label types
are the same and the null label is usable only as root in every
CLASS.  As global networking and DNS have evolved, the IN, or
Internet, CLASS has dominated DNS use.
As yet there has not be a requirement for "meta-CLASSes". That would
be a CLASS to designate transient data associated with a particular
DNS message and which might be usable in queries.  However, it is
possible that their might be a future requirement for one or more
"meta-CLASSes".
The current CLASS assignments and considerations for future
assignments are as follows:
0x0000 - Reserved, assignment requires an IETF Standards Action.
0x0001 - Internet (IN).
0x0002 - Available for assignment by IETF Consensus as a data CLASS.
0x0003 - Chaos (CH) [Moon 1981].
0x0004 - Hesiod (HS) [Dyer 1987].
0x0005 - 0x007F - available for assignment by IETF Consensus for data
CLASSes only.
0x0080 - 0x00FD - available for assignment by IETF Consensus for
QCLASSes and meta-CLASSes only.
0x00FE - QCLASS None [RFC 2136].
0x00FF - QCLASS Any [RFC 1035].
0x0100 - 0x7FFF - Assigned by IETF Consensus.
0x8000 - 0xDFFF - Assigned for data CLASSes only based on
Specification Required as defined in [RFC 2434].
0xE000 - 0XFEFF - Assigned for QCLASSes and meta-CLASSes only based
on Specification Required as defined in [RFC 2434].
3.3 RR NAME Considerations
DNS NAMEs are sequences of labels [RFC 1035].  The last label in each
NAME is "ROOT" which is the zero length label.  By definition, the
null or ROOT label can not be used for any other NAME purpose.
At the present time, there are two categories of label types, data
labels and compression labels.  Compression labels are pointers to
data labels elsewhere within an RR or DNS message and are intended to
shorten the wire encoding of NAMEs.  The two existing data label
types are sometimes referred to as Text and Binary.  Text labels can,
in fact, include any octet value including zero value octets but many
current uses involve only [US-ASCII].  For retrieval, Text labels are
defined to treat ASCII upper and lower case letter codes as matching
[RFC 4343].  Binary labels are bit sequences [RFC 2673]. The Binary
label type is Experimental [RFC 3363].
IANA considerations for label types are given in [RFC 2671].
NAMEs are local to a CLASS.  The Hesiod [Dyer 1987] and Chaos [Moon
1981] CLASSes are for essentially local use.  The IN or Internet
CLASS is thus the only DNS CLASS in global use on the Internet at
A somewhat out-of-date description of name allocation in the IN Class
is given in [RFC 1591].  Some information on reserved top level
domain names is in BCP 32 [RFC 2606].
This document addresses IANA considerations in the allocation of
general DNS parameters, not security.  See [RFC 4033, 4034, 4035] for
secure DNS considerations.
Additional IPR Provisions
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-
ipr@ietf.org.
Appendix: Changes from RFC 2929
RFC Editor: This Appendix should be deleted for publication.
Changes from RFC 2929 to this draft:
1. Changed most "IETF Consensus" and "Specification Required"
allocation policies for RR TYPEs to be "DNS TYPE Allocation Policy"
and add the specification of that policy which is based on Expert
Review with additional provisions and restrictions. Change some
remaining "IETF Standards Action" allocation requirements to say "as
modified by [RFC 4020]".
2. Updated numerous RFC references.
3. Mentioned that the Binary label type is now Experimental and
IQuery is Obsolete.
4. Changed allocation status of RR TYPE 0xFFFF and RCODE 0xFFFF to be
IETF Standards Action required.
5. Add an IANA allocation policy for the AFSDB RR Subtype field.
6. Addition of reference to case insensitive RFC [RFC 4343], Unknown
RRs RFC [RFC 3597], SIG(0) RFC [RFC 2931], and TSIG SHA RFC [RSIG
SHA].
7. Add the BADTRUC code to the table of RCODEs.
8. Split Specification Required CLASSes into data CLASSes and query
or meta CLASSes.
Copyright (C) The Internet Society 2006.  This document is subject to
the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except
as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.
Normative References
[RFC 1034] - Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Concepts and
Facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
[RFC 1035] - Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and
Specifications", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[RFC 1183] - Everhart, C., Mamakos, L., Ullmann, R., and P.
Mockapetris, "New DNS RR Definitions", RFC 1183, October 1990.
[RFC 1996] - Vixie, P., "A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone
Changes (DNS NOTIFY)", RFC 1996, August 1996.
[RFC 2136] - Vixie, P., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y. and J. Bound,
"Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC 2136,
[RFC 2181] - Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Clarifications to the DNS
Specification", RFC 2181, July 1997.
[RFC 2434] - Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.
[RFC 2671] - Vixie, P., "Extension mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)", RFC
2671, August 1999.
[RFC 2673] - Crawford, M., "Binary Labels in the Domain Name System",
RFC 2673, August 1999.
[RFC 2845] - Vixie, P., Gudmundsson, O., Eastlake, D. and B.
Wellington, "Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG)",
RFC 2845, May 2000.
[RFC 2930] - Eastlake, D., "Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY
RR)", September 2000.
[RFC 3363] - Bush, R., Durand, A., Fink, B., Gudmundsson, O., and T.
Hain, "Representing Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Addresses in
the Domain Name System (DNS)", RFC 3363, August 2002.
[RFC 3425] - Lawrence, D., "Obsoleting IQUERY", RFC 3425, November
[RFC 3597] - Gustafsson, A., "Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record
(RR) Types", RFC 3597, September 2003.
[RFC 4020] - Kompella, K. and A. Zinin, "Early IANA Allocation of
Standards Track Code Points", BCP 100, RFC 4020, February 2005.
[RFC 4033] - Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S.
Rose, "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements", RFC 4033, March
Rose, "Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions", RFC 4034,
Rose, "Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security Extensions", RFC
4035, March 2005.
[TSIG-SHA] - D. Eastlake 3rd, "HMAC SHA TSIG Algorithm Identifiers",
draft-ietf-dnsext-tsgi-sha-06.txt. RFC EDITOR NOTE: This draft is in
the RFC Editor Queue, please replace references with the RFC number
when it is assigned.
[US-ASCII] - ANSI, "USA Standard Code for Information Interchange",
X3.4, American National Standards Institute: New York, 1968.
Informative References
[Dyer 1987] - Dyer, S., and F. Hsu, "Hesiod", Project Athena
Technical Plan - Name Service, April 1987,
[Moon 1981] - D. Moon, "Chaosnet", A.I. Memo 628, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, June
[RFC 1591] - Postel, J., "Domain Name System Structure and
Delegation", RFC 1591, March 1994.
[RFC 2606] - Eastlake, D. and A. Panitz, "Reserved Top Level DNS
Names", RFC 2606, June 1999.
[RFC 2929] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Brunner-Williams, E., and B. Manning,
"Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations", BCP 42, RFC 2929,
[RFC 2931] - Eastlake, E., "DNS Request and Transaction Signatures (
SIG(0)s )", RFC 2931, September 2000.
[RFC 4343] - Eastlake, D., "Domain Name System (DNS) Case
Insensitivity Clarification", RFC 4343, December 2005.
Donald E. Eastlake 3rd
Motorola Laboratories
Milford, MA 01757 USA
Telephone:   +1-508-786-7554 (w)
email:       Donald.Eastlake@motorola.com
Expiration and File Name
This draft expires December 2006.
Its file name is draft-ietf-dnsext-2929bis-03.txt.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


text:
Jonony – trimetylocykloheksenylobut-3-en-2-ony,  organiczne związki chemiczne z grupy cyklicznych ketonów nienasyconych, zaliczane do terpenoidów. Nie są jednak typowymi terpenoidami, ponieważ nie spełniają reguły  izoprenowej, tzn. reszty izoprenowe nie są połączone z sobą w sposób ogon-głowa. Posiadają silny zapach kojarzący się z fiołkami.

Właściwości
Znane są trzy izomery strukturalne jononów różniące się położeniem podwójnego wiązania  przy atomie węgla C2 w pierścieniu:
 α-jonon – trudno rozpuszczalny w wodzie, łatwo rozpuszczalny w alkoholach, o temperaturze wrzenia 135 °C
 β-jonon – trudno rozpuszczalny w wodzie, łatwo rozpuszczalny w alkoholach i eterze dietylowym o temperaturze wrzenia 140 °C. Zapach β-jononu jest wyczuwalny w powietrzu przy rozcieńczeniu 3*10-9 mol/ml.
 γ-jonon

Alkoholowe roztwory α- i β-jononów mają przyjemny zapach fiołków, a woń czystych związków przypomina zapach drzewa cedrowego. Jonony stanowią surowiec wyjściowy do produkcji witaminy A. Ugrupowania jononowe występują w szeregu związków naturalnych. Cząsteczka β-karotenu zawiera dwa ugrupowania β-jononowe, w cząsteczce α-karotenu znajduje się pierścień zarówno α-, jak i β-jononu, w γ-karotenie zaś występuje pojedynczy pierścień β-jononu. Pośród karotenów najbardziej rozpowszechniony jest β-karoten, zwany żółtym barwnikiem roślinnym. Szczególnie bogate w β-karoten są korzenie marchwi, pomidory, nać pietruszki i inne warzywa zielone, a także cytrusy i banany. Ugrupowanie β-jononowe jest ważnym elementem strukturalnym związków zaliczanych do grupy witaminy A. W organizmach, w których występuje niedobór witaminy A, następuje przekształcenie karotenów w tę witaminę, przez co karoteny nazywane są prowitaminami witaminy A.

Występowanie
W przyrodzie występują rzadko, głównie jako składnik olejków eterycznych, występują tam zwykle w niewielkich ilościach. Znajdują się w warzywach i owocach, np. jagodach, a także herbacie i tytoniu. Jonony są głównymi składnikami (22%) olejku otrzymanego z kwiatów fiołków.

Otrzymywanie
Powstają w wyniku utleniającej degradacji tetraterpenoidów (karotenów). Z uwagi na ich duże zastosowanie w przemyśle perfumeryjnym są produkowane na skalę przemysłową. Otrzymuje się je w reakcji kondensacji aldolowej cytralu z acetonem. Powstający w tej reakcji pseudojonon cyklizuje pod wpływem kwasu siarkowego do mieszaniny α- i β-jononów.

Zastosowanie
Syntetyczne jonony są stosowane w przemyśle perfumeryjnym i spożywczym oraz jako substrat wyjściowy do syntezy witaminy A.

Apokarotenoidy
Ketony

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Did Catholicism become 'compatible with the American experiment' before or after the pope-burning stopped?
The author believes the answer to the question posed in the headline, "Is Catholicism compatible with the American experiment?" is yes. I also suspect he and most people would say the answer to the question, "Was Catholicism compatible with British colonial America?" is no, since it was officially suppressed in most colonies.
So: When did this country become 'compatible' with Catholicism? 1776? 1783, when the yoke of a protestant empire that had used anti-catholicism as a political glue was thrown off? Or was it 1868, when the last protestant test oath for public office was revoked? The United States have nothing comparable to, say, the baptism of Clovis.
Brendan McConville, among others, has supposed that the three defining qualities of British colonial identity were attachments to a capitalist economy, protestantism, and the monarchy. Our revolution only got rid of one of them.
The appeal to religious toleration as a Catholic (or Catholic-'compatible') principle rooted in the Enlightenment is the least convincing thing in Gregg's piece, because religious liberty was not embraced by a pope until 1965. And with good reason, because programs of "toleration" often went hand in hand with efforts to check the power of the church. In British North America, toleration was never understood to extend to Catholics, that was a later thing — right up until the revolution the pope was burned in effigy yearly. This was a key civic ritual that helped cement their identity as citizens of the British Empire, and anti-catholicism was one of the few things dissenters and Anglicans had in common.
The Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom reflects the same compromise between the state church and dissenters. "[T]he impetus provided by this Enlightenment concern," for religious liberty is really rather vague, and there's a strong case that the Statute is only remotely a philosophical document. Religious toleration in Virginia was necessary because an embattled Anglican oligarchy needed the support of religious dissenters, reconciling the secular-minded ruling class and the anarchic revivalism taking root at the time. The concept of religious liberty prior to the revolution, in both Massachusetts and Virginia, meant hostility to Catholics and bishops of any kind.
Jefferson's new law arose from an earlier debate during which he and James Madison conspired to quash religious education, something, again, dissenting protestants and a mostly secular-minded gentry could agree on. It also led directly to the only instance in American history of church land being systematically confiscated by the state in the Glebe Acts. The Statute on Religious Freedom is not a victory for religion, it's close to the opposite.
I also don't get his coldness to David Hume, he extols the Scottish Enlightenment but seems to strongly dislike the most interesting part of it. He finds Hume too "irreligious" but won't say an ill word of the man who cut up a Bible, wrote the anti-religious Statute, and banned Hume's History of England from UVA on account of its alleged Tory bias.
McCarthyism was an engine for the social promotion of the Catholics in America and the promotion of Irish Catholics in particular. McCarthy backed Spellman, conveyed to millions of non-Catholic anti-Communist Americans the novel idea that Catholics were a specially reliable and especially tough breed of anti-Communists … Before the McCarthy-Kennedy breakthrough of 1950-60 American Catholics had their tents pitched in the temple of the holy nation. After that breakthrough there is a Catholic altar in the temple itself.


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Robin Hamilton, New York attorney and seventies' rock devotee, is poised to reveal a secret that will alter the course of three lives.
One winter evening, Robin and her adult daughter Lark are watching a television documentary when Lark unexpectedly spots her mother in a rock concert crowd, twenty-one, luminous and perched on the shoulders of a handsome young man. That man is Lark's father, Dean Falconer, though neither of them knows the truth. Robin decides it's time to come clean.
Flashback to 1977. Robin Hamilton meets Dean Falconer at a rock concert in Washington, D.C. The two fall in love over the course of a single transcendent weekend.
But now Robin hasn't spoken to Dean in thirty-five years. While Lark is enthusiastic about meeting her father, Robin must deal with what could have been after three decades of loneliness and broken dreams.
A spring full of revelations, and one extraordinary summer in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia will teach these three people the ultimate measure of honesty, passion and devotion.
ROBIN'S NEST is a richly detailed story of love and loss; secrecy and truth; and ultimately redemption, resplendent in charm and poignancy. It's about living with your choices, the ties that keep family together, and finding that it's never too late.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A lot of the time, when we think back on traumatic events, our memory holds on to the odd, seemingly trivial fragments. "Country Feedback" is partially comprised of these sort of random, evocative images; some of them come across like flashes of painful memories, the rest are the bits of scenery you may get a fix on when you can't bear to look someone in the eye. On the printed page, they seem like non-sequiturs, but in song, they resonate, and not simply because they are stunning bits of language. (I'm particularly fond of "a paper weight, a junk garage, a winter rain, a honey pot.") We can intuit the personal meaning, and project what we need on to these bits to make the song our own.
The remainder of the song's lyrics are disarmingly straight-forward. Out Of Time is an album of love songs, and "Country Feedback" is love's bitter end. Blame is passed back and forth, guilt and confusion do the singer's head in, and he's left battered and broken, simultaneously lamenting a million mistakes and clinging to the past. He says that he needs the relationship, but it's plain as day: What he wants and what he needs has been confused.
The arrangement for "Country Feedback" is more or less exactly what the title suggests: It's a country dirge paired with a mournful electric guitar part by Peter Buck that recalls Neil Young at his most despondent. In live performance, Buck's solo at the conclusion is extended significantly, drawing out the pain until it fades into resignation. Otherwise, the music is rather static, leaving Michael Stipe to provide the key dynamic shifts.
I did not own a cd player until the Christmas of 1994. When I received a small stereo from my parents that year, I also was given a number of cds, and among those was Out Of Time, which I'd previously only had as a dubbed cassette. (If I recall correctly, this is also how I came to own Murmur, Reckoning, Fables of the Reconstruction, and a good portion of the Beatles catalog.) For some reason, out of all the songs on Out Of Time, only "Endgame" and "Half A World Away" have been tied in to this memory of Christmas, or more specifically, its immediate aftermath. In regards to "Half A World Away," I reckon that it has something to do with the specific qualities of the mandolin and harpsichord — I consistently associate treble with winter and Christmas, and the gentle melancholy of the piece is not far removed from many religious carols of the season.
Exactly one line in "Me In Honey" gives away the pregnancy angle — "baby's got a baby with me" — and it's kinda tossed off in the final verse, so it's pretty easy to ignore that bit if you'd rather just hear it as song about a guy trying to save face with an angry lover. However, this song works far better just the way Stipe intended, with his protagonist expressing a mix of emotions that has him unsure whether he's more freaked out by the onset of overwhelming responsibility, or the part of him that wants to escape from the situation.
There's no doubt that the guy is going to do the right thing. The song overflows with love and goodwill, and despite its confusion, "Me In Honey" is among the most jubilant pieces of music R.E.M. have ever written, with Peter Buck's circular rhythms driving the song towards percussive fills that push the tune towards its most ecstatic moments. Appropriately enough, the studio recording features backing vocals by the B-52's Kate Pierson, who not only supplies the track with a wordless female counterpoint, but significantly boosts the tune's dosage of soulful bliss.
"Near Wild Heaven" and "Texarkana" offer the audience a glimpse into what R.E.M. might have been if Mike Mills had been the band's frontman all along. They aren't exactly peaks into a grim alternate universe, but the songs make something very clear — compared to Michael Stipe, Mills comes up very short on charisma and mystique, and though his songs are exceptionally sweet and amiable, they aren't very unique. "Near Wild Heaven" nails its cheery chord progression and breezy Beach Boys harmonies, but when it comes down to it, it's not a lot more than a highly competent tribute to the sunshine pop of the '60s. The song doesn't exactly need to be weighty or weird, but the general lack of tension and subtext sets it apart from most any R.E.M. featuring Stipe as lead vocalist and primary lyricist.
"Belong" can be considered a sequel of sorts of "Disturbance at the Heron House," at least in the sense that one can interpret the insurrection of the "creatures" as being the animal uprising suggested at the end of "Heron House." The continuity isn't all that important — we don't learn much about that situation, other than the sudden instability is the backdrop for the minor yet potent drama of the song, which finds a mother attempting to face an uncertain future without breaking down in front of her child. The action of the lyrics is essentially bracketed by ellipses, hinting at neither the way "her world collapsed on a Sunday morning," or what might happen, rather than emphasizing the conflicted emotion of the moment when you know that your world, or maybe the entire world, has changed. Michael Stipe sounds calm and collected in his spoken verses, but the gorgeous harmony carried by Mike Mills on the chorus is the wordless emotional center of the piece in the way it conveys a heartstring-tugging blend of fear, bravery, and sentimentality.
"Endgame" has no real lyrics, but it is anything but an instrumental. Michael Stipe's gentle, mellow vocal refrain is the crux of the song, and it twists around Peter Buck's winding acoustic guitar figure, dropping out only to be replaced by woodwind instruments that carry the same tune. It's a quiet, minor piece, but its arrangement is one of the band's most elegant and refined. Every moment of the composition is calculated to maximize its pensive beauty, from the swell of the strings to the gentle ahhhs of Mike Mills' backing vocals. The song's melodies and textures vividly convey a sense of comfortable melancholy with incredible grace, and in all likelihood, words would have only gotten in the way.


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Mike Fay's Pitcairn Journal: School Field Trip & Meeting the Bees
By Mike Fay, NG Explorer-in-Residence
Part I: An Explorer Goes Back to School
Earlier in the week Bren had asked me if I would appear at the school. It hadn't come up again but today I offered and off we went to the Pulau School.
The teacher Paul from New Zealand runs a pretty posh school for the kids of two families. The total is about 9 students ranging in age from 3 to 15. The two older boys had their own lessons to do, I got the middle age group, and then there were the little ones that Brenda teaches. Our assignment today was to go on a transect, learn about GPS tools, navigation, waypoints, tracks, and Google Earth.
Of course what the kids were interested in was a romp in the woods (if you are truthful about it, no different from me for the past 50 years). Most people seem to start out life loving this stuff, but then lose the interest as adults. I guess the trick is just getting them to keep walking in the first place.
We did our classroom penance learning about where we were and how the GPS works. The kids were already clued into the fact that the receiver talks to the satellites. They were less clear on triangulation but that didn't seem to matter. What mattered was getting outside, and when I gave them the choice of "Where to?" they opted to go up Pulau Creek to the "waterfall," which at this point is little more than a muddy drainage ditch. Of course you have to remember that this is a place that was in a drought for a year and a half (which for many of these kids is a quarter of their lifetime), so the hours where you can enjoy rain and especially mud are precious commodities not to be wasted on the frivolities of navigation.
Into the Wilds of Pitcairn
Off we went down the hill. One kid was the data recorder, another the waypoint recorder, and a third the photographer. The first landmark we recorded on the GPS as a waypoint was the bridge, which is a culvert with concrete stuffed around it to keep it in place. The creek was just like Brown Water water, with deep layers of sediment and a channel cut into the middle of it—the kind of creek you want to have at to make it healthy again. The kids didn't see it that way though. For them this was a raging river, a deep valley leading to a giant cascade, a universe to be explored. The kids bombed up the creek in all directions. It was great to see a group of kids that weren't pining away for their iPhones and texting, totally at home scrambling and getting filthy.
We reached the waterfall and marked it as waypoint two. Kids were going way too far, fearless. Paul reined them back in and we deviated to the eastern slope. The steep slopes were a pure stand of rose apple trees with that slick mix of exposed roots and wet red clay that you could ski down if you wanted. The only objective the kids had was to go forward as fast as you could and see more stuff. There were mangos they ate: waypoint three, a "sparrow's" nest: four, and a big rock: five. We hit a low-hung powerline that our young photographer grabbed as she mimed getting electrocuted. She was also handling the camera like a pro.
Watch Out for the Wildlife
The kid alarm went off: Emily spotted a nest of hornets. These are the nasty paper wasps that attack without a lot of provocation. The kids seemed to know them well and understand how to react, but were drawn to play with fire. The first group was peering in while another group went running by, already committed to a close pass. The wasps were last seen following those guys down the steep slope at a fast clip.
Nobody got stung. We followed the powerline down. Someone surmised that if it went downhill it must cross the road at some point. In fact we never got further than 200 yards from the road. On the way was another, much bigger hornets' nest. This one was not messed with but calmly passed by, all knowing if this one went we were in trouble.
Cooped Up Once More
The road was discovered but we were still about 15 feet above on a sheer bank covered in lantana and Johnson grass. Paul suggested we pass to the side and find a good place to descend. One kid decided that the best way down was to slide over the precipice and hold on until you hit the bottom. Six more followed and I wasn't far behind. Now we were back on the road and condemned back to the classroom.
I booted up Google Earth and to my surprise the kids had never seen Pitcairn before in such graphic detail. They immediately wanted to do what everyone does: find their house. I started to go through the process of showing our route and putting the photos up, but I was eating into the next activity, which was to get back to the creek for the mud bath. I decided to cut the instruction short and we all went down and got thoroughly covered in that greasy red slop.
Part II: Sweet Success of Pitcairn Honey
Second thing on the schedule today was bees. Mike Christian has a following of over 1000 people all over the world that mail-order honey from him for a premium price. He has over 40 hives. In fact the islanders have a pulled together into the Pitcairn Island Producers CoOperative (PIPCO ) and honey has taken over as the number one private money maker on the island.
So what makes Pitcairn honey so rare and special? The bees are completely disease-free and they live in one of the purest environments on Earth with no pesticides, herbicides, or industrial pollutants. The "organic" designation seems completely trivial here. I've been voraciously consuming the product since I arrived and the combination of rose apple, mango, lantana, and citrus make this one of the most luscious things I've ever put in my mouth.
Bringing Back Bee-Filled Memories
We arrived at Mike's biggest site with about 20 hives, mostly with three levels each. We suited up in the white jumpers and veils; it was my first time wearing this kind of protection. I was kind of looking forward to not having to worry about a single sting. I hadn't "done" bees since I used to rob hives in Central Africa with my Pygmy buddies over 10 years ago. Way back, I worked for a bee research laboratory and even took a course in college called "The Hive and the Honeybee," so I have a long history with my friend the honey bee.
These were Italian bees first brought to the island only in 1991 to help with pollination. There was a second importation some time after that and since then these bees have multiplied on the island free of all the calamities that have beset their sisterhood worldwide. (Read about bee keeping at National Geographic headquarters.)
Mike pried open the first hive revealing the area where he can add a bit of sugar syrup once in a while when the bees are starving. We went down to the second layer where the surplus of honey is stored. Mike said this box was for him. We looked at the comb. It was perfectly formed and quite a bit of it was capped already. Then I remembered just how gentle these Italian bees are. Not a single one rose from the comb, they just went about their business as if they know that this is just the keeper taking a look after them.
We went down to the third level. This level Mike said is for the bees; he never takes honey here even if it is full. The first frame we pulled had lots of uncapped larvae all curled and white in their little cells bathed in nectar and pollen. There were capped brood with pupae and drones intermingled with the nursery bees, just mulling around waiting for a chance to mate with a new queen. We went for the center frame and there Mike pointed out the queen. She is not like a termite queen, she is only about twice as big as the workers and has the same coloration and actually mingles with her subjects.
All looked good in the hives. Mike says he used to mess with them a lot more but he has realized that there are so few problems in the hive that leaving them alone to get on with honey making is the best for them and for him.
Booming Cottage Industry
Later on that afternoon Mike was down at the town meeting-place having a packing session with his fellow PIPCO members boxing up bundles of 2, 4, and 6 tidy 250 gram bottles with a nice label attesting to the purity and taste of this special product. There were also bottles of tincture made from the propolis (a resin-based glue made by the bees) mixed with rum that is a natural remedy, and soap made from the honey and other local ingredients. There were addresses from every which way: Germany, France, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Romania, Canada, and the USA.
I thought about how much more elegant this cottage industry is than industrial fishing as a way to make money for the island. Not only do you not mine a precious resource and degrade, if not ruin, some of the most pristine seas left on the planet but you enhance pollination, you provide food for the reed warblers and school kids, and you develop a reputation as one of those few places on Earth where people are building toward a sustainable future.
(Updated 5/7/12)
More From Pitcairn Islands Expedition
Read All Mike Fay's Journal Entries
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Mike Fay Bio and Other Features
Tags J. Michael Fay, Mike Fay
Mike Fay has spent his life as a naturalist—from the Sierra Nevadas and the Maine woods as a boy, to Alaska and Central America in college, to North Africa and the depths of the central African forest and savannas for the last 25 years. He has worked for the Wildlife Conservation Society of the Bronx since 1991. In 1996, Fay flew over the forests of Congo and Gabon and realized there was a vast, intact forest corridor spanning the two countries from the Oubangui to the Atlantic Ocean. In 1997, he walked the entire corridor, over 2,000 miles, surveying trees, wildlife, and human impacts on 12 uninhabited forest blocks. Called Megatransect, this work led to a historic initiative by the Gabonese government to create a system of 13 national parks, making up some 11,000 square miles (28,500 square kilometers). In 2004, he completed the Megaflyover, an eight-month aerial survey of the entire African continent. He logged 800 hours and took 116,000 vertical images of human impact and associated ecosystems, many of which are now visible on Google Earth. In 2008 Fay completed the Redwood Transect, a new project to learn more about the redwood forest. He walked the entire range of the redwood tree, over 700 miles. Since then he has participated in the 2011 BioBlitz at Saguaro National Park, and is a regular team member of fellow NG Explorer Enric Sala's Pristine Seas Expeditions, recording the life and land above the waves.
The Bottom Line: Little Fish Do Matter
Everest Climber Cory Richards Leaves Summit Expedition


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Home Company Analysis
[SOLVED] Advanced Ergonomics
Sample Ergonomics Program This assignment is designed to provide an opportunity to apply the concepts presented in the Unit II Lesson regarding the elements of an ergonomics program. Specifically, you will be developing an ergonomics program. As a graduate of Columbia Southern University's Safety and Emergency Services program, you have decided to pursue a career as an occupational safety and health consultant. You were recently contacted by Will B. Shafe, the human resource manager at On Call, the company that employs Ms. Handz-Hurt from the unit lesson. According to Mr. Shafe, he is having trouble convincing the leadership at the company to address ergonomics because there is no OSHA ergonomics mandate. Part 1: You have agreed to assist Mr. Shafe by preparing a one-page minimum overview explaining the regulatory requirements related to ergonomics, including the history of the OSHA Ergonomic Standard and the benefits of implementing an ergonomics program. Your summary must include references and should be written to convince management to implement a program (after all, you are a consultant and you want their business). Your overview must include a minimum of two outside sources, one in which must be from the CSU Online Library. Part 2: Six weeks later, Mr. Shafe contacts you again with news that the leadership is more open to the idea of implementing an ergonomics program but needs guidance on what should be included in the program. Using the information covered in the unit lesson, prepare a sample ergonomics program for the company. Your sample program should be three pages in length, not counting the title page and the references page. Your fully completed assignment, including Part 1 and Part 2 together, should be a minimum of four pages in length, not counting the title and references pages. Include both parts in one document and label for clarity.
[SOLVED] Competencies for Project Managers
Competencies for Project Managers Read the nine mini-case study series from the Project Management Institute on the Global Green Books Publishing company before starting this assignment. Write a 4–6 page paper in which you: Describe at least three key skills or competencies supervisors need to be effective in managing teams' performance in this company. Provide a rationale for your choices. Describe at least three skills or competencies that team members need in order to be effective in working on projects and provide a rationale for your choices. Go to Basic Search: Strayer University Online Library to locate at least three quality resources for this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources. Your assignment must: Be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with 1-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow SWS (Strayer Writing Standards). Check with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, your name, the professor's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcome associated with this assignment is: Examine the skills and competencies necessary to manage project teams that are facing challenges at a given company. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic, or organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the scoring rubric.
[SOLVED] Business Intelligence
Do not use citation, Professor does not want quotation.use detailed informationReflect on the concept of Natural Language Processing, and its use in a business situation.Collect 3 scholarly articles, then one piece of journalism illustrating how Natural Language Processing can be usedSelect an industry of personal interest to you. How can this industry use Natural Language Processing to achieve a competitive advantage over their competitors, or overcome an obstacle to improving their business?
[SOLUTION] Short Test Questions
Chegg Account Info: chegg.comID: [email protected]: Lanesss1eTextbook: Ratings Analysis. When you go to website or account look to the left of screen and you will see two eTextbooks listed that will say,"read"…for this test Ratings Analysis is the only source or book needed. The test is over chapters 1-4.• Exams. This test is to assess your understanding of the concepts of the topic. The tests will be in the format of short answers. Your understanding and application of the concepts and theories will be assessed through this testChapter exam Please address each item. You may use notes and your textbooks to address the items. Please provide APA citations from your textbooks with your answers. All answers must be at least two paragraphs but no more than five with the exception of question 3 where each measurement technique or methodology should be a minimum of two paragraphs and no more than five paragraphs. You may use notes and books to complete the exam. PLEASE ALWAYS INCLUDE THE QUESTIONS WITH EACH ANSWER.RA Chapters 1-41. Trace the history of audience measurement research. From beginning to present methods.2. Define sampling and then discuss the most common methods of sampling techniques of ratings companies. Additionally, discuss the difference between a sample and a census. 3. Briefly describe these measurement techniques: Telephone recall, telephone coincidental, diaries, household meters, people-meters, portable people-meters, computer meters, and servers. Now provide advantages and disadvantages for each measurement technique. 4. Address the value of understanding selective exposure theory and uses and gratifications theory with regard to audiences. Explain the components of each theory. 5. Webster, Phalen and Lichty (2014) use audience factors affecting exposure and media factors affecting exposure to develop a new "integrated model of audience behavior (p. 112-116). Explain this model and what it means to understanding an audience. Best method is to explain the model on page 113
[SOLUTION] Diagram a Basic Distributed System Model
A retail enterprise that manufactures and distributes three clothing lines to 30 stores across the United States, is launching a globalization strategy. Their strategic plan includes increasing their online presence and expanding their distribution channels. The company has approximately 3,000 employees. Their headquarters is located in South Carolina and their primary manufacturing plants are located in Seattle and Maine. They want to open three international stores in Spain, England, and New Zealand. Their computing infrastructure contains approximately 500 computers, 300 printers, and 200 point-of-sale terminals connected to servers in South Carolina, Seattle, and Maine. Instructions: For this assignment, you must use a diagramming software, such as Visio, to create a distributed system model for the proposed expansion scenario. Your model should address the following requirements: Everyone in the headquarters should have access to the clothing-line catalog, shared files, and resources. Printers, scanners, routers, and switches must be identified. All employees must be able to access the corporate webpage and the corporate intranet for sales, shipping, and processing and internal administrative tasks. Once completed, copy and paste the diagram into a document and detail the advantages and disadvantages of your solution for a distributed system. Outside network images will not be accepted. The remaining assignments in this course will build on this diagram. Length: 3-5-page academic paper, not including title and resource pages or the original network diagram. Resources: Cite at least 3 scholarly resources The completed assignment should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. articles/sources Annadurai, P. & Vijayalakshmi, S. (2016). Context centric cluster computing in AdHoc Network (C4). 2016 International Conference on Control…. Link Celar, S. Mudnic, S. & Seremet, Z. (2016). State of the Art of Messaging for Distributed Computing Systems. Annals of DAAAM & Proceedings. 27298-307. Link Mousavi, K. & Sharifi, M. (2014). AMRC: An algebraic model for reconfiguration of high performance cluster computing system at Runtime. Journal… Link Rodriguez, J.M., Godoy, D., Mateos, C. & Zunino, A. (2017). A Multicore Computing Approach for Large Scale Multi-Label Classification Intelligent Data Link Thiele, L. Wirth, T., Olbritch, M. Schierl, T. Haustein, T. & Frascolla, V. (2014). High performance cluster computing as a tool for 4G wireless… Link Van Steen, M. & Tanenbaum, A.S. (2016). A Brief Introduction to Distributed Systems. Computing. 98(10), 967-1009. Link Venkatesan, D. & Sridhar, S. (2017). A Novel Programming Framework for Architecting Next Generation Enterprise Scale Information System. Information.. Link Yang, M., Min, G., Yang, W. & Li, Z. (2014). Software rejuvenation in cluster computing systems with dependency between nodes. Computing, 96(6)…. Link
[SOLUTION] Electric Vehicle Launches
Porsche presses on with electric vehicle launches as it battles Tesla Porsche will press ahead with the launch of new electric models in the US despite sales in the country dropping by a fifth during the coronavirus crisis as the carmaker steps up plans to take on Tesla. "We haven't got a plan to postpone anything in [America], and that's true for other countries as well," Oliver Blume, Porsche's chief executive, told the Financial Times. But he added that current projections were based on there being no "second wave" of Covid-19 infections. Last year, the German luxury carmaker, which accounts for more than a quarter of parent Volkswagen's profits, unveiled its flagship electric sports car, the Taycan, designed to compete with Tesla's Model S. The Taycan 4S has been on sale in Tesla's home market since the start of the year but, overall, Porsche sales in the US dropped 20 per cent in the first six months of the year, as the pandemic led to the shutdown of showrooms. Sales in Europe fell 18 per cent in the same period. Despite reversing sales, Porsche will not postpone the launches of electric versions of the Macan sport utility vehicle, Mr Blume said, as well as further Taycan variants, including a cheaper base model. However, the Taycan Cross Turismo, an estate version that had an original launch date for the end of the year, will be delayed until 2021 as Porsche attempts to improve its "break-even point", where it starts to make profits, in the wake of the crisis. The Stuttgart-based carmaker posted an operating profit of €1.2bn in the first half of the year, despite lockdowns in several countries causing delays to deliveries and a prolonged shutdown of its plants in Zuffenhausen and Leipzig. Porsche's global sales grew by almost 18 per cent on an annual basis in July, helped by demand for the Taycan and Cayenne models. Although the company scrapped its target of achieving a 15 per cent profit margin, Mr Blume said Porsche, which on Thursday unveiled a new hybrid version of its Panamera model, was "doing everything we can to achieve a two-figure return on sales again in 2020". "No other European automotive manufacturer has been able to generate as much profit as Porsche in the first six months of 2020," he added. The luxury brand was helped by a remarkable recovery in China, its single biggest market, where sales dropped by just 7 per cent from January to June, compared with a 12 per cent decline worldwide. Business in the country has since improved further, Mr Blume revealed. "We are nearly at the same level as in 2019," he said, adding that he expected China to account for 30 per cent of Porsche's sales this year. Source: Miller, J. (August 27, 2020). Porsche presses on with electric vehicle launches as it battles Tesla. Financial Times (online) (cited 7 October 2020). Retrieved from https://advance-lexis-com.ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:60P7-TKV1-JCM7-G0GD-00000-00&context=1516831. Questions 4. What global PESTEL factors have influenced the decision-making of Porsche's senior management? (Maximum Wordcount = 400) 5. According to the article Porsche was able to generate more profit than any other European automotive manufacturer in the last 6 months. What does this suggest about the strengths of Porsche's positioning in its strategic group and the European industry in general? (Maximum Wordcount = 800) Section C: Read the case study and answer the questions that follow. To merge or not? You are an up-and-coming executive with a manufacturing company, and you have just been called late on Friday afternoon by your boss, who is the sole owner of the company. He has a very important task for you. C11CS Page 6 of 6 Your company makes mostly plastic (and some paper and metal) boxes for the food industry and he has just been thinking over a phone call from a rival who makes mostly metal and paper (and some plastic) boxes for the consumer electronics industry. The rival has suggested that they should explore the possibility of a merger. Both companies are medium-sized and the rival company also has a single owner who is an owner-manager. Your boss wants you to come to dinner tonight and brief him on your first reactions to the idea of the merger. He wants a brief based on these two questions. Questions 6. What major gains might be worth seeking from such a merger? (Maximum Wordcount = 400) 7. What are the typical kinds of problems mergers experience? (Maximum Wordcount = 400)
[SOLUTION] Company Analysis Audio Presentation
THERE IS NO ESSAY REQUIRED………Students will create a PowerPoint presentation with voice audio. Obtain relevant information either in person or via Internet of a CEO, Manager, Director, or any key player within the organization. Deliverables for this assignment include: Engage the audience. Stay within the allotted time limit (approximately 10 minutes). Voice should be embedded on each slide. Must add value to what is presented on the slide to improve the understanding of your work. Suggested Questions for an Informational Interview -How did you get started in this field? -What is your educational background? -What are your major responsibilities? -What is the most/least rewarding aspect of your job? -What advice do you have for a person attempting to break into this career field? -What is the most common career path? -What are some lifestyle considerations for this career field? -What are some common entry-level positions in the field of _____? -What kind of salary range and benefits could an entry-level person expect to receive? -What is the best educational preparation for a career in this field? -Which classes and experience would be most helpful to obtain while still in college? -What is the turnover rate for the organization? What are potential career paths within the organization? -How do people find out about open positions in this field? -What is the outlook for this career?
[ORDER SOLUTION] Electric Vehicle Launches
[ORDER SOLUTION] Diagram a Basic Distributed System Model
[ORDER SOLUTION] Company Analysis Audio Presentation


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What is the Tin Coast?
The Tin Coast is a stretch of West Penwith coastline between Pendeen and St. Just. Part of the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site, mining here changed the world.
In the far west of Cornwall, the Tin Coast is a place defined by the Cornish mining industry, and the human endeavour to haul tin and copper from the earth for over 2000 years.
The area has been forever changed by its industrial past, and ruined engine houses and chimneys now frame the landscape, creating a special atmosphere for people and nature to enjoy its freedom and spirit.
There were once thousands of mine shafts and hundreds of steaming engine houses here, with mines even stretching out for up to a mile under the sea. Now nature plays a leading role with peregrine falcons and Cornish choughs both nesting in the cliffs and many other species finding a habitat here.
Where is the Tin Coast?
The Tin Coast stretches for approximately seven miles from Pendeen lighthouse in the north, to Cape Cornwall and the valleys just to the south. The area has achieved World Heritage Site Status due to its rich mining history.
The three National Trust hubs on the Tin Coast are Botallack, Cape Cornwall and Levant Mine and Beam Engine. These sites contain the best concentration of combined tin and arsenic processing sites in the world, as well as the only working beam engine still in its original site. These places make great bases to explore the Tin Coast from.
The Tin Coast is a sustainable tourism project in West Penwith. The National Trust is in partnership with other organisations in the local area including Geevor Tin Mine, St. Just Town Council, Visit Cornwall and Cornwall Council, amongst others.
The partnership aims to promote the rich mining heritage of the area, which earnt it its World Heritage Site status. This will be done through improvements to infrastructure, facilities, transport and accommodation. Find out more about the partnership here
What's happened so far?
We've already seen improvements taking place on the Tin Coast. We've begun to improve facilities at our sites, with toilet refurbishments at Botallack and Cape Cornwall as well as the introduction of a tramper at Levant.
The space at Botallack count house workshop has been refreshed to include more information about the area's history as well as somewhere to get light refreshments, including hot drinks and cake. It is now also manned seven days a week, so there is always a member of staff there to help visitors and answer questions about the area.
Most recently the Tin Coast partnership was awarded coastal community status, giving them access to funding which they can use to start engaging with local businesses and establish an economic plan.
Exciting developments are already taking place, so head west to explore the Tin Coast.
We love talking to our supporters, after all we wouldn't be here without you. Join our communities where we talk about everything on the Tin Coast and surrounding countryside and coast.


I've always had a gateway and subnet set during my tests. Therefore I hardly believe that SaSaa's solution solved the reset problems in each case.
thanks, your solution works very well.
I use your code also to reset Ethernet shield if it hangs (quite often).
As far as you know, that's a problem related to Wiznet 5100 chipset?
We're very happy to announce an updated version of the Arduino Ethernet shield, with some nice new features. This revision incorporates a micro-SD card slot so you can store files to send over the network. It's compatible with the Arduino Mega (using the SPI pins on the ICSP header). It adds a reset controller which should address the problems some people have had getting it to work directly on power-up. All-in-all, we think it's a well-rounded upgrade to a useful product.
It seems that the reset issue is addressed - even if i've not tried this new shield yet.
In my tests, the reset controller on the revised shields seems to fix these problems. Please let me know if it works for you.
I am new to the Arduino and can report I have not had any reset issues using the Rev5 EtherShield on a Arduino Mega. It has been plug and play hardware. I am having some connection refused with the library code with connect which brought me to this thread. It's intermittent failure at 1 per 300 or so connections and it fails with connection refused 6100 error code.
I've created my own ethernet shield board using the WIZNET W5100 and reference designs. Everything works great, however, I just plugged the shield into a Gigbit switch and it fails to start. When I plug it back into a 10/100 it works fine. Any ideas? It should just operate at 10/100, or is the gig-switch having issues?


Jakarta 8 March 2012. A panel of judges sentenced former Citibank customer relations manager Inong Melinda Dee on Wednesday (7 March 2012) to eight years in prison and US$1.09 million in fines for embezzling customers' funds.
She went on a spending spree for big ticket items such as luxury cars, apartments and houses after stealing the money.
Melinda is said to have swindled up to $4.7 million from the bank's premium clients. She reportedly ordered 117 transfers from her Citigold clients' accounts to her and her acquaintances' accounts between 2007 and 2011.
According to The Straits Times, her husband, younger sister and brother-in-law were also sentenced to jail terms ranging from two to four years for money laundering.
Her embezzlement came to light after one of Citi's clients alerted the bank of unauthorised transfer from her account.
Last year, Indonesia imposed a ban on Citibank's credit card and wealth management businesses over the alleged embezzlement, as well as the death of its client after questioning by debt collectors.


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If Canada wants to be healthy and decent and prosperous and stable, it needs to face its demons
Posted on July 2, 2021 in Inclusion Debates
Source: TheStar.com — Authors: Stephen Marche
TheStar.com – News/Canada/Analysis
July 1, 2021. By Stephen Marche
No country can be realistic about itself. Nations live by myths, both in the sense of collective stories that give meaning, and in the sense of lies. Ordinarily, the myths permeate the background of national life, unobserved and assumed. There are days when the myths go on display, like Canada Day, when everyone goes out and waves flags and talks about how lucky they are to live here.
Then there are other days when the myths shatter, like when investigators discover the bodies of 751 Indigenous children in unmarked graves. This year the myth-displaying and the myth-shattering have come very close together, almost simultaneously.
Canada is far from alone in finding an uncomfortable duality surrounding the stories it tells itself, a confusion of pride and horror. There's a strange contradiction at play all around the world: The more successful a country is the less likely it is to celebrate itself.
Anyone who has visited Germany over the past seventy years will have been overwhelmed by the sheer volume of historical memory to be consumed. Germans reckon with the evils of their past in a continuous way. It's not just Holocaust memorials and museums. There are over 75,000 stumbling stones in Germany, small brass plaques on the streets each identifying a separate national disgrace — a family sent to a concentration camp, a business burned to the ground. Their confrontation with horror, their humility in facing it, has had serious political consequences. It is no coincidence that Germany has become the world's leading democracy, one of the most stable, prosperous and decent nations in the world. They have put the spiritual work in.
Contrast Germany with Britain. On June 25, British schools celebrated "One Britain One Nation Day" in which the Education Secretary encouraged all school age children to sing the "Strong Britain, Great Nation" song. "We are British and we have one dream," it begins, and the chorus which repeats itself ad nauseam is "Strong Britain, Great nation!" The sheer creepiness of the totalitarian esthetic is grotesque. But I honestly felt sorry for the British after I heard "Strong Britain, Great Nation." Somebody had to commission that piece of music. Somebody had to compose it. Somebody's children had to sing it. It's so humiliating for everyone involved.
England has chosen to decline in a fit of make-believe Imperialist nostalgia, embodied perfectly by Prime Minister Boris Johnson. In 2016, 44 per cent of Britains agreed with the statement that the British Empire was "something to be proud of." Through Brexit, they have paid a heavy price for their comforting myths of their own magnificence: a sharp decline in global influence, a shrinking economy and the instability of the Union itself. The contrast between the rhetoric and the reality is growing ever more extreme: Five years after their great splurge to "take back control," they don't even have control over shipments of sausages to Northern Ireland. I guess that's why they need to sing ridiculous hymns to their own strength.
It's not that the Germans are somehow better people than the English. It's not that Germany doesn't have its own problems with nationalism. It's that Germany has chosen to reckon with its own history problems rather than pretend them away. In the case of America, the matter is starker: Four years of "Make America Great Again" have led to a political system in mid-collapse. Hollering for American greatness led to suffering American catastrophe.
What all of this shows is simple enough intellectually if hard to grasp emotionally: If you want your country to be healthy and decent and prosperous and stable, you should want it to face its demons. "I think Canada is a great historical achievement," Alberta Premier Jason Kenney said recently. "It is an imperfect country, but it is still a great country, just as John Macdonald was an imperfect man but was still a great leader." Kenney was not exactly wrong (the full text of his remarks is far more nuanced and reasonable than the reaction to the sound bite clips would lead anyone to believe) but, to me, the frame of his question is a false dichotomy: Every country is imperfect just as every person is imperfect. Facing the imperfections is what patriotism looks like, not turning away from them. The celebration and the confrontation must occur together to be meaningful.
Quite apart from the political future of Canada's relationship to Indigenous communities, the process of truth and reconciliation is essential for our own survival. Every former residential school in this country should be a museum. Every school age child should visit one. These locations are the very black diamond of our national evil. We must face them not because we hate Canada but because we love it. The honour of this country is at stake, and Canadian honour is worth fighting for. It is our duty to fight for it.
Four hundred thousand people are going to move to Canada next year. That's not a myth. That's a fact. They're not moving here for the weather. There is a great deal in Canada that is lovable, but love comes at a cost. Let's celebrate this country, but quietly this year. Let's celebrate, but remember.
Author Stephen Marche is currently working on a book about the possibility of a civil war in the United States.
https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/analysis/2021/07/01/if-canada-wants-to-be-healthy-and-decent-and-prosperous-and-stable-it-needs-to-face-its-demons.html?source=newsletter&utm_content=a06&utm_source=ts_nl&utm_medium=email&utm_email=0C810E7AE4E7C3CEB3816076F6F9881B&utm_campaign=top_60658
Tags: ideology, Indigenous, rights
This entry was posted on Friday, July 2nd, 2021 at 1:57 pm and is filed under Inclusion Debates. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.


One of the 12 Romanesque churches in Cologne's old city, St. Cecilia's church is located close to the famous Gothic church of St. Peter and it dates back to the 12th century, 1130-60. Since 1956, the church has been the home of the Schnütgen Museum for medieval art. To enter Saint Cecilia church, you must pay a small entry fee. Remember that this church is not open on Mondays. Originally, this church was constructed for the Canonesses community. The fine nun's gallery located at the nave's west end on a raised small crypt was used by this community.
This church's nave has a flat roof and you can find vaulted aisles. Visitors are impressed with the colorful and attractive wall paintings. These were painted one and a half centuries after the church was constructed. Do not miss the exquisite and artistic tympanum on the north door. This decorative area depicts the crowning of Saint Cecilia by an angel as her brother and fiance look on. Plan a trip to this wonderful church and enjoy its unique atmosphere on your visit to Cologne.


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Letters: GOP Debate and Benghazi hearing
Presidential candidates Ohio Governor John Kasich (L-R), Mike Huckabee, Jeb Bush, Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL), Donald Trump, Ben Carson, Carly Fiorina, Ted Cruz (R-TX), New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, and Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) take part in the CNBC Republican Presidential Debate at University of Colorados Coors Events Center October 28, 2015 in Boulder, Colorado. Fourteen Republican presidential candidates are participating in the third set of Republican presidential debates. (Justin Sullivan / Getty Images)
Encouraging debate
After watching the Republican presidential debate on Wednesday, I am encouraged about the future of this country.
There were 10 leaders on stage Wednesday who could step into the Oval Office tomorrow and do a much better job than the one who currently occupies the White House. While the Republican Party has 10 potential leaders, the Democrats have failed to come up with even one. Their front-runners include a self-proclaimed socialist and an incompetent failure who can't tell the truth.
Now if we can only get the informed voters to outnumber the low-information voters at the polls, the U.S. will again become the great nation that it once was.
Jim Hutcheson Mount Dora
Better moderators
The article "Bush, Rubio spar at debate" in Thursday's Sentinel said of the GOP debate that some expected a more substantive and policy-oriented affair. This will never happen with the likes of CNBC moderators Becky Quick, John Harwood and Carl Quintanilla. Even social-media sites are calling them incompetent.
Ted Cruz and Chris Christie hit the nail on the head Wednesday when they came back on the left-wing liberal moderators, whose only purpose was to knock down the GOP candidates. They asked questions like the one addressed to Marco Rubio: "Do you think you are mature enough to run a $17 trillion economy?" and the one to Jeb Bush asking if FanDuel and other Fantasy Football games should be considered gambling. Christie's response was right on when he said, "We have a terrible economy, ISIS terrorists, etc. and you're asking about Fantasy Football."
It seems to me that the debates should be handled by others besides media outlets, and perhaps we will get some substantive information. The Democratic and Republican debates should be handled the same way, not directed by the political agendas of the media moderators.
David Moffett Clermont
Halt Benghazi probe
Scott Duncan's anger in his Tuesday letter to the editor is misguided and misdirected.
He is angry at Hillary Clinton for the four Americans who died at the Benghazi, Libya attack in 2012, when he should be angry at the House Select Committee on Benghazi for exploiting the deaths of these four Americans for partisan reasons, such as trying to discredit Clinton.
Should we blame President Bush for the nearly 3,000 Americans who died in the 9-11 attacks? Or should we blame the Reagan, Clinton and Bush administrations for attacks on diplomatic facilities that killed hundreds of Americans? As columnist Eugene Robinson has pointed out, the terrorists, not the president or secretary of state, should be blamed.
There have been seven previous congressional Benghazi investigations (longer than the Watergate investigations) with a price tag of $4.7 million, and the Oct. 22 hearing did not yield any new information, to no one's surprise.
Legislators must finally fix affordable housing mess | Commentary
Raw sewage and raw politics: A toxic mix in Tallahassee | Steve Bousquet
The life lesson two panhandlers gave me | Commentary
Clinton demonstrated patience, dignity and self-control during the 11-hour latest Benghazi hearing. She deserved to celebrate afterward.
Congressional hearings to better protect our diplomatic facilities abroad should include other previous attacks, not just Benghazi.
It's time to disband the House Select Committee on Benghazi.
Susan Talana Harris Orlando
Fantasy Football Games
Most Read • Opinion


We'll be closed starting March 24. Until we reopen, please visit apple.com/retail to find the nearest store.
The Apple Store is adjacent to Pioneer Place shopping center, at street level facing Yamhill between 4th and 5th Ave. Parking: SmartPark paid lot, accessed from 4th Ave between Taylor & Yamhill. Public Transit: MAX Blue or Red lines to Mall/SW 4th or SW 5th; MAX Green or Yellow lines to Pioneer Place/SW 5th or SW 6th. Multiple TriMet buses stop nearby.


Pump out your liquid storage with the versatile power of the Puck Force Feed unit. Built solid with hydrostat controls and a variety of attachments for all of your pumping needs, our Force Feed lead pump brings a higher level of performance for pumping all types of liquids. Equipped with LightSpeed IQ and compatible with LightSpeed Pro systems, all units are designed to give you full control and run with maximum efficiency.
The remote-controlled hydraulic boom of Puck's Force Feed Trailer allows it to service any size of liquid storage, up to 13 feet deep. Three knuckle points mean easy setup and increased maneuverability, delivering performance no matter the scale of your operation.
LightSpeed IQ is always watching the pump, even without the assistance of LightSpeed Pro. Set flow, pressures and automatic responses with Auto-throttle to ensure maximum efficiency and ideal flow rates. This technology continually adjusts the feeder and primary pumps for peak performance and gives you the comfort of top-notch safety features.
Accessible from any device, LightSpeed Pro gives you the ability to fully start up your pumps remotely, engage the feeder pump, target a specific flow rate, set pressure parameters and more. Now built with an even faster pump response and additional software features, LightSpeed Pro is an invaluable tool for your operation.
The Force Feed Trailer continues to bring value to you each year, with more gallons pumped per gallon of diesel fuel consumed. This lowers the cost of your operation and ensures you're operating at top efficiency. The hydrostatic system transmits more horsepower to the feeder pump to bring you even more fuel savings.


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CONFIRM THIS UPGRADE? SKIP THIS STEP
July 31, 2007 owenthomasLeave a comment
"This morning, we temporarily took down the Facebook site to fix a bug we identified earlier today…. The result [of the bug] was that an isolated group of users could see some pages that were not intended for them."
Facebook spokesprofile Brandee Barker, explaining why what her company's website described as an "upgrade" was in fact, debugging an error that allowed people to see users' private data, The New York Times, 31 July 2007
I'M FEELING UBIQUITOUS
July 30, 2007 July 31, 2007 owenthomasLeave a comment
"Right now, the Internet is not available in too many places."
Chris Sacca, Google's head of special initiatives, on why he's occupying space at the Googleplex pursuing harebrained wireless schemes, News.com, 30 July 2007
VENTURE CAPITAL AS CHINESE MENU
July 27, 2007 owenthomas1 Comment
"We'll have plenty of time to figure out the business model and there are many options to choose from."
Fred Wilson of Union Square Ventures, on his decision to fund Evan Williams's profitless, pointless, and planless startup Twitter, unionsquareventures.com, 25 July 2007
HELL IN AN AD BASKET
"We are hell-bent and determined to allocate the talent, the resources, the money, the innovation to absolutely become a powerhouse in the ad business."
Microsoft CEO, Steve Ballmer, getting the first part right, anyway, News.com, 26 July 2007
DOWNTIME, WHERE ALL THE LIGHTS AREN'T BRIGHT
July 25, 2007 July 26, 2007 owenthomas1 Comment
"365 Main has fulfilled its brand promise of 'world's finest datacenters' by delivering the reliability and uptime that attracted us in the first place."
Dale Emel, RedEnvelope's director of technology services, in a press release issued hours before an outage at its 365 Main datacenter took the e-commerce site offline, PR Newswire, 24 July 2007


WWDC time! Time for great coffee, fun parties, and a whole lotta nerdiness in San Jose.
I'm super excited to go, and here's a few things I'm hoping will happen.
Health updates - speedier, more information, more data types, and expansion upon the Health Records integrations.
Activity updates - I have a small feeling about a new ring, but a bigger feeling about more workout types such as strength training, or whichever is the most popular based on Apple's anonymized data.
New watchOS 5 APIs to help spur development of new, and better, Apple Watch apps.
I'm hoping for a lot and a lot of bug fixes and improvements, and possibly a related announcement about update times/software versions. Especially since it feels like absolutely no one has heard anything about 12.
It'll be interesting if any of the previous Marzipan rumors come true. But I'm not holding out hope for anything related to that.
The Watch is turning 3 this year, and I think it'll be due for some interesting new features, as well as improvements to existing apps. Breathe and Activity are two I could see getting majors boosts, as well as the possibility of either enabling more health tracking features, or giving us a new ring to close. I'm pretty sure we'll also see new workouts as I said above.
The watch faces themselves I think will be getting more and more features. Since it was scrapped at the last minute last year, I could see a Connectivity complication coming back, therefore allowing you to see what status you have connection wise on any watch face. I would also like to see new things that make having the cellular watch more beneficial, although I can't name a ton off of my head.
I'm hoping that Apple also rekindles developer excitement for third party apps on the Watch. There are a few apps, like CARROT, workout apps, Starbucks, and more that are really great on the Watch, but you still hear a lot about companies like Lyft and Transit removing their apps. And while some may be coming back with a rewrite based on new SDKs, I'm just hoping that more developers are encouraged to actually bring their apps up to speed, in a beneficial way. Especially with the Series 3 expanded capabilities.
Speaking of this, I expect the Siri face to get some integrations so third party apps can show their info as needed on the Siri watch face, and maybe alongside others.
It feels like the HomePod is where the Apple Watch was right after the initial release - it's gained its initial users, the early adopters, and is just waiting for the big thing that'll push it to more homes. That may be more size options, a better Siri SDK for apps to use, and independent/skills type integrations that you can install.
Recently, Apple has been expanding its marketing efforts for more and more TV content. And Apple TV as a "brand" a la Prime video and Netflix, where you can go to watch content. While this may be more suited for a September event, I could see Apple, in iOS 12, expanding and having more focus on the app, its capabilities, and possibly give us hints [either on purpose or in code] about its subscription service coming up. Who knows, maybe we'll have Cue dancing to a bunch of TV shows on stage.
Homekit, like Siri, has gotten more capable and prominent with the release of the HomePod. While Apple probably won't be making a bunch of home specific hardware itself, it could be expanding on the types of hardware it could use, while also bringing refinements to the Home app.
I'm not sure if we'll see any kind of future indication of the platform as a whole this year, but we certainly are slowly building up to it with things like APFS, High Sierra and the subsystem rewrites, and the continued morphing of macOS into a more iOS type system. Who knows, maybe we'll get Fusion Drive APFS support, some new apps, and possibly some interesting hardware tweaks.
I doubt we'll see as drastic of a change as we did with iOS 11, I'm going the iPad continues to get improvements, alongside the new hardware. As for the OS itself, I can see refinements on things like battery, CPU usage, and more smart features that benefit the end user, and the addition of "personal health" features in relation to device usage. Bedtime is one feature like this, but additional usage time metrics/specific app controls could also assist in helping people use their devices less.
As I write this, I'm definitely not having as many initiations or thoughts as to what may be announced, which gives me a little bit more excitement because there's all kinds of things Apple could surprise us with. I'm looking forward to sitting in a room full of nerds and watching the keynote. See you all next week.


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AMI Announces Sale to Coral Tree Partners
LOS ANGELES, Dec. 14, 2022 — AMI Entertainment Network ("AMI"), a leading digital jukebox business that provides tech-driven in-venue digital music and video entertainment and advertising content to the bar and restaurant industries, today announced that it has been acquired by Coral Tree Partners ("Coral Tree"), a Los Angeles-based media and entertainment focused private equity […]
Coral Tree Partners Closes Inaugural Fund at $470 Million
LOS ANGELES — Coral Tree Management, LP ("Coral Tree"), an investment firm focused on partnering with growth-oriented businesses within the media, entertainment, communications, and related business services sectors, is pleased to announce the final close of its first fund, Coral Tree Partners, LP (the "Fund"), with total committed capital of approximately $470 million. The Fund was […]
Global Gaming Firm Loaded Secures $20M Funding from Coral Tree Partners to Accelerate Growth and Expand Services for Talent, Brand, and Publisher Clients
LOS ANGELES, Apr. 6, 2022 — Loaded, a leading independent global talent management and marketing firm for many of the world's biggest gaming content creators, brands, and game developers, today announced $20M in growth equity funding led by Coral Tree Partners, a Los Angeles-based private equity firm focused on sports, media, and entertainment. The funding […]
Subject Matter Announces Partnership with Coral Tree Partners
WASHINGTON, Feb. 28, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — Leading creative advocacy firm Subject Matter today announced an investment by Coral Tree Partners, a Los Angeles-based private equity firm. The partnership will enable the Company to add new capabilities to better serve client needs while accelerating Subject Matter's growth. Daily business operations will continue to be overseen by Chief Executive Officer Nicole […]
Coral Tree Partners
By the L.A. Design Studio


Washington, D.C. – The Senate passed the Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 today, most commonly known as the farm bill, which U.S. Senator Mike Enzi, R-Wyo., said would help Wyoming's farmers, ranchers and rural communities.
According to Enzi, the bill would preserve and improve crop insurance, reauthorize and improve farm and conservation programs, bolster trade programs, and contains a common-sense provision to address underserved rural communities that lack residential broadband service.