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Religious Freedom Report
Foreword / Main Findings
Summary of Findings
Methodology and Definitions
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9,852,000Population
438,574 Km2Area
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Legal framework on freedom of religion and actual application
The constitution of the Kingdom of Sweden guarantees freedom of religion.[1] It prohibits discrimination on the basis of religious affiliation [2] and, under the Swedish Discrimination Act, complaints may be filed with the Discrimination Ombudsman.[3]
Recognition or registration of groups is not required to carry out religious activities and faith communities are taxed similarly to non-profit organisations. Religious groups officially recognised by the Commission for State Grants to Religious Communities (SST) may, however, raise revenues by collecting contributions through the tax agency and receiving publicly funded grants.[4]
Hate speech laws prohibit threats or expressions of contempt for persons based on religious belief.[5] Police maintain statistics on hate crimes, including religiously motivated hate crimes and the National Council for Crime Prevention (BRÅ) is responsible for the production of hate crime data.[6]
Instruction covering all world religions is required in all public and private schools. Religious groups are permitted to establish private schools, provided they meet state curriculum requirements.[7] Home schooling, including for religious reasons, is not permitted except under "extraordinary circumstances".[8]
On 13th March 2018 the governing Swedish Social Democrats proposed a ban on all independent religious schools.[9]
There are legal restrictions on both animal slaughter and circumcision of males.[10]
In 2016 the government appointed a Special Envoy to combat anti-Semitism and Islamophobia based at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs [11] and in November 2016 released a "national plan to combat racism, similar forms of hostility, and hate crimes".[12]
With respect to reports of anti-Semitism and anti-Muslim activity, it should be noted that, because ethnicity and religion are often closely linked, it might be difficult to determine whether an incident is motivated by racism, political conflicts, or by religious intolerance.
Official 2016 figures reported to the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE/ODIHR) include 264 crimes which were motivated by bias against Christians (32 physical assault; 92 cases of damage to property; 130 disturbances of the peace; 10 unspecified). There were five submissions by civil society groups about incidents against Christians (multiple incidents in which Christian refugees were threatened while residing in reception centres and accommodations; three incidents involving damage to property).[13]
According to a 2017 survey by Open Doors, Christian refugees and new arrivals in Sweden experienced religiously motivated violence and discrimination, mainly at the hands of Muslim fellow refugees.[14]
The Swedish Migration Board was criticised for administering "Christianity tests" to asylum seekers who based their asylum claims on their conversion from Islam to Christianity.[15] In July 2017 the government's Migration Board rejected a Christian convert's asylum claim despite acknowledging that conversion is a crime for which she would likely be punished upon deportation to Iran.[16]
Attacks on Christian buildings included a man who, shouting "Allahu Akbar", smashed stained-glass windows in a church in central Malmö in June 2016,[17] repeated vandalism against a Catholic church in Karlstad in August 2016,[18] Islamic State graffiti on a Catholic church in Västerås in May 2017 [19] and an arson attack against a Catholic church in Luleå in July 2017.[20]
According to the 2016 Hate Crime Reporting database, officials recorded 122 anti-Semitic hate crimes (10 physical attacks, 18 cases of damage to property, 90 disturbances of the peace and four unspecified). Civil society groups reported one incident (a bomb threat against a synagogue).[21]
In April 2017, a Jewish association in Umeå announced it would close after repeated vandalism with swastikas and threatening messages by the neo-Nazi group Nordfront.[22] In response, the Anti-Defamation League expressed concern about inadequate security for Jewish institutions across Sweden and urged the Prime Minister to protect them.[23]
In reaction to US President Donald Trump's December 2017 decision to move the American embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, protests in Malmö included violent anti-Semitic slogans. The spokesperson for the city's Jewish community said there "is a latent threat against Jews in Malmö, and when things heat up in the Middle East that threat becomes more real".[24]
Within a few days of the December 2017 demonstrations, a Gothenburg synagogue was the victim of a Molotov cocktail attack [25] and burning objects were thrown at a Jewish cemetery in Malmö.[26] The Conference of European Rabbis requested a meeting with the Swedish Prime Minister over rising anti-Semitism in Sweden.[27]
The 2016 Hate Crime Reporting database provides official figures of 330 crimes motivated by anti-Muslim bias (38 physical assaults, 64 cases of damage to property, 220 disturbances of the peace, and eight unspecified).[28] There were no incidents reported by civil society groups.[29]
There were multiple attacks on Islamic places of worship during the period under review. Daesh (ISIS) took responsibility for the arson at a Malmö Shi'a mosque in October 2016.[30] In November 2016, unidentified individuals burst into a mosque in Stockholm and spray-painted swastikas on the walls and threw firecrackers.[31]
In April 2017, Sweden's largest Shi'a mosque, the Imam Ali Islamic Centre in a Stockholm suburb, was the victim of an arson attack.[32] In September 2017, a mosque in Orebro was heavily damaged by arson.[33] In December 2017, the Islamic Cultural Centre near Karlstad was attacked with a home-made bomb, with windows broken and walls hit with explosives reinforced with pellets.[34] A Stockholm mosque was vandalised with swastika graffiti in January 2018.[35]
Uzbek national Rakhmat Akilov, 39, was charged with committing a terrorist crime and intent to "run over unbelievers" after pleading guilty to stealing a truck and running over people in a busy shopping district in Stockholm.[36] Five people were killed and 15 people were injured in the attack in April 2017. Uzbekistan stated that it had notified the West about Akilov, indicating that he had been radicalised after moving to Sweden in 2014. Hours after the truck attack, a Somali Muslim taxi driver in Stockholm was assaulted by a man who blamed the incident on Sweden's "openness to Muslim immigrants".[37]
Prospects for Freedom of Religion
While it appears that were no significant new or increased governmental restrictions on religious freedom in Sweden during the period under review, there appears to be an increased risk of societal intolerance against both majority and minority religions, some of which may be as a result of global terrorism or geopolitical conflicts attributed to religious groups, as well as anti-immigration sentiments in Sweden.
Sources / Endnotes
[1] 'Chapter 2, Part 1, Article 1', Sweden's Constitution of 1974 with Amendments through 2012, constituteproject.org, https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sweden_2012.pdf?lang=en, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[2] 'Chapter 1, Article 2', ibid.
[3] Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, 'Sweden', International Religious Freedom Report for 2016, U.S. State Department, https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[4] Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, op. cit.
[5] 'Chapter 16, Section 8', Swedish Penal Code, Government Offices of Sweden, http://www.regeringen.se/49bb67/contentassets/72026f30527d40189d74aca6690a35d0/the-swedish-penal-code, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[6] Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, 2016 Hate Crime Reporting – Sweden, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, http://hatecrime.osce.org/sweden?year=2016, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[8]'Country Information – Sweden', Home School Legal Defense Association, https://hslda.org/hs/international/Sweden/default.asp, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[9] 'Swedish Social Democrats Seek to Ban all Religious Schools', Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians in Europe, 13th March 2018, http://intoleranceagainstchristians.eu/index.php?id=12&case=2308, (accessed 20th March 2018).
[10] Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, op. cit.
[11] Measures against anti-Semitism and for enhanced security, Government Offices of Sweden, 27th January 2018, http://www.government.se/articles/2018/01/measures-against-anti-semitism-and-for-enhanced-security/, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[12] A comprehensive approach to combat racism and hate crime, Government Offices of Sweden, 2017, http://www.government.se/492382/contentassets/e6047ff54c00452895005f07e2e2ba39/a-comprehensive-approach-to-combat-racism-and-hate-crime, (accessed 23rd February 2018); 'The government adopts strategy against racism and hate crimes', Radio Sweden, 23rd November 2016, http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=6570553, (accessed 23rd February 2018).
[13] Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, 2016 Hate Crime Reporting – Sweden, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, http://hatecrime.osce.org/sweden?year=2016, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[14] Religiously motivated persecution against Christian refugees in Sweden, Open Doors Sweden, 2017, www.open-doors.se/flyktingprojektet, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[15] A. Wernersson, 'Migrationsverket håller "kristendomsprov" med asylsökande' (The Swedish Migration Board is conducting a "Christianity Test" with asylum seekers), SVT Nyheter, 24th May 2017, https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/migrationsverket-haller-kristendomsprov-med-asylsokande, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[16] 'Christian Convert Faces Death-Sentence Deportation from Sweden to Iran', CBN News, 7th June 2017, http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/cwn/2017/june/christian-convert-faces-death-sentence-deportation-from-sweden-to-iran, (accessed 15th February 2018).
[17] A. Svensson, 'Galen man slog sönder kyrka: "Ett hatbrott"' (Crazy man broke into church: "A hate crime"), 24 Malmö, 27th June 2016, http://24malmo.se/2016/06/27/galen-man-slog-sonder-kyrka-skrek-allahu-akbar/, (accessed 18th February 2018).
[18] T. Österberg, 'Ny skadegörelse hos katolska kyrkan i Karlstad' (New Damage to the Catholic Church in Karlstad), Dagen, 16th August 2016, http://www.dagen.se/ny-skadegorelse-hos-katolska-kyrkan-i-karlstad-1.766417, (accessed 18th February 2018).
[19] A-S. Sannemalm, 'IS-klotter på kryka i Västerås – syriska kristna rädda för att gå dit' (IS graffiti at church in Västerås – Syrian Christians sacred to go there), SVT Nyheter, 24th May 2017, https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vastmanland/katolska-kyrkan-utsatt-for-is-hot-1, (accessed 7 February 2018).
[20] A. Hjertström, 'Anlagd brand i katolska kyrkan' (Arson at Catholic church), SVT Nyheter, 5th July 2017, https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/norrbotten/anlagd-brand-i-katolska-kyrkan, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[21] Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, op. cit.
[22] 'Neo-Nazi threats force Jewish group in Sweden to close', BBC, 3rd April 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39478339?ocid=socialflow_twitter, (accessed 15th February 2018).
[23] T. Zieve, 'Sweden Urged to Boost Security for Jewish Citizens amid Antisemitism Concerns', The Jerusalem Post, 4th April 2017, http://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Sweden-urged-to-better-protect-its-Jewish-citizens-486046, (accessed 15th February 2018).
[24] 'Anti-Semitic chants heard at Malmö demonstration', The Local Sweden, 9th December 2017, https://www.thelocal.se/20171209/anti-semitic-chants-reported-at-malm-demonstration, (accessed 19th February 2018).
[25] C. Mortimer, 'Three arrested for Molotov cocktail attack on synagogue in Sweden', The Independent, 11th December 2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/sweden-synagogue-anti-semitic-attack-sweden-gothenburg-a8102476.html, (accessed 19th February 2018).
[26] G. Willig, 'Jews in Sweden fear inevitability of anti-Semitic attacks', Arutz Sheva Israel National News, 20th December 2017, http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/239599, (accessed 20th February 2018).
[30] T. Batchelor, 'Sweden's largest Shia mosque burned down in suspected arson attack', The Independent, 1st May 2017, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/sweden-mosque-fire-arson-stockholm-police-jakobsberg-imam-ali-islamic-centre-a7711431.html, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[31] 'Attackers burst into Stockholm mosque, paint swastikas', Arab News, 26th November 2016, http://www.arabnews.com/node/1015931/world, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[33] 'Man arrested suspected of mosque arson', Radio Sweden, 26th September 2017, http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=6785854, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[34] 'Swedish police investigate mosque attack as hate crime', Daily Sabah, 26th December 2017, https://www.dailysabah.com/islamophobia/2017/12/27/swedish-police-investigate-mosque-attack-as-hate-crime, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[35] 'Stockholm mosque vandalised with swastika graffiti', TellMAMA, 22nd January 2018, https://tellmamauk.org/stockholm-mosque-vandalised-swastika-graffiti/, (accessed 7 February 2018).
[36] 'Sweden charges man with terrorism over hijacked truck attack', Deutsche Welle, 30th January 2018, http://www.dw.com/en/sweden-charges-man-with-terrorism-over-hijacked-truck-attack/a-42362818, (accessed 7th February 2018).
[37] J. Ahlander and M. Yosufzai, 'Stockholm attack puts choke-hold on Swedish tolerance', Reuters, 12th April 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sweden-attack-immigration/stockholm-attack-puts-a-choke-hold-on-swedish-tolerance-idUSKBN17E1VX, (accessed 7th February 2018).
Founded in 1947 as a Catholic aid organization for war refugees and recognized as a papal foundation since 2011, ACN is dedicated to the service of Christians around the world, through information, prayer and action, wherever they are persecuted or oppressed or suffering material need. ACN supports every year an average of 6000 projects in close to 150 countries, thanks to private donations, as the foundation receives no public funding.
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Govt monitoring availability of essential commodities in market: Paswan
Union Food Minister Ram Vilas Paswan on Wednesday said the government is monitoring the availability of essential commodities in the market amid nationwide lockdown for next 21 days to check the spread of coronavirus outbreak.
Paswan warned manufacturers and traders against profiteering during this period.
The Centre is also in touch with the state governments to ensure that there is no shortage of essential commodities, he said.
"In view of situation emerging from the threat of #Covid19India, the government is keeping an eye on availability of all essential commodities in the market," Paswan tweeted.
"I appeal to all manufacturers and traders to avoid from profiteering in this situation," Paswan said in his tweet.
Meanwhile, the Centre on March 23, had allowed states and Union Territories to lift foodgrains for three months in advance from Food Corporation of India (FCI) for distribution through ration shops in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic.
There are about 75 crore beneficiaries under the Public Distribution System (PDS).
As of now, the government has surplus foodgrains of 435 lakh tonnes, out of which 272.19 lakh tonnes are rice and 162.79 lakh tonnes are wheat, as per the government data.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a complete lockdown across the country for 21 days from Tuesday midnight, asserting that social distancing is the only way out for the country to fight a decisive battle against coronavirus outbreak.
The Centre and state governments have taken measures to ensure that the supply of all essential items continue smoothly, he said, seeking to allay apprehensions among people about availability of food and other essential provisions.
According to Health Ministry data, the number of coronavirus cases has risen to 562.
On March 21, the Centre had released Rs 2,570-cr pending grants for local bodies of six states, to ensure that the basic services provided by local bodies are not affected amid coronavirus scare.
Kotak Mahindra Group launches Kotak Silk Loans for Women
Walmart Names Sameer Aggarwal CEO of Best Price, Walmart India
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SRMIST has added another state of art facility, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy...
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ஜீ5 வழங்கும் "ஆட்டோ ஷங்கர்" - இணையத் தொடர்
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Fragment displays wrong menu items For unknown reason sometime my fragment is showing menu items that belongs to a different fragment.
I have a single activity with custom back stack to maintain the correct flow using:
 Map<Integer, List<Fragment>> fragmentStack = new HashMap<>();

This way each "tab" has its own backstack.
I am switching between the fragments with:
 getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
    .replace(R.id.container, fragment)
    .commitNow();

The fragments are maintained in the Map, so when switching to existing fragment I use it's already initialized view.
Sometimes when I switch from one fragment to second fragment, the second fragment displays menu items from a previously created fragment in the stack despite the fact that onCreateOptionsMenu is called correctly on the second fragment. How do I overcome this unwanted behavior?
The actions that lead to this behavior:
 1. Starting at first tab. Map initialized at key 0, with List<fragment> with one fragment, called A. This fragment then displayed. (fragment A has menu items)  2. Navigating to second tab. Map initialized at key 1, with List<fragment> with one fragment, called B, this fragment displayed (replacing fragment A). Fragment B also has menu items.  3. Navigating back to first tab. Previous fragment A is used including it's already initialized view (not inflating a new one).  4. Clicking something with navigates to a new fragment C staying at the same tab. fragment C is added to the fragment list, under the key 0 of the Map. fragment C has no menu items.
 5. Navigating to second tab. Previous fragment B is displayed but with menu items of fragment A!

A: check onCreateOptionsMenu is called for all fragment or not.

A: I found the problem eventually.
The fragment's onCreateView looked this way:
if (rootView == null) {
// Init view logic and inflation, and:
((AppCompatActivity) getActivity()).setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
}
return rootView;

moving the ((AppCompatActivity) getActivity()).setSupportActionBar(toolbar); outside the if statement fixed the issue.

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Ocubis Ltd is registered in England and Wales (registered number 04090747). Our registered office is at 15 Regent Street, London SW1Y 4LR.


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The Goddess and the #Metoo Movement: Mythic Tales for these Modern Times
Posted on: Jan 18, 2019 @ 12:41 Posted in: Goddess
Something essential is shifting in the foundations of our world as we witness others tell their long-hidden, #metoo stories, and tell our own stories in turn. We're speaking truth, and being heard. We're saying: you're time is up, and holding male perpetrators accountable. We've woken up en masse, and we're not going back to sleep. And we're not alone.
It's time for a new myth and reality, inspired by ancient Goddess tales, and our modern #metoo stories, in service of women's beauty, sovereignty and power.
The Rape of Persephone
From the long ago of Greek civilization, comes the #metoo tale of The Rape of Persephone.
Demeter's trim-ankled daughter whom Hades rapt away, given to him by all-seeing Zeus. Apart from Demeter, lady of the golden sword and glorious fruits, she was gathering flowers over a soft meadow, roses and crocuses and beautiful violets, irises also and hyacinths and the narcissus, which Gaia made to grow at the will of Zeus and to be a snare for the bloom-like girl–a marvelous, radiant flower. And the girl was amazed and reached out with both hands to take the lovely toy: but the wide-pathed earth yawned there in the plain of Nysa, and the lord, Hades, with his immortal horses sprang out upon her. He caught her up reluctant on his golden car and bore her away lamenting. (Source: Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter (abridged) (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th or 6th B.C.)
Let this piece of Persephone's story sink in. Persephone is a Goddess. Her Mother Demeter is a Goddess. These are big, powerful, feminine beings that bring life, abundance and beauty to the Earth. Yet the God Hades, with the help of the almighty Zeus, can do want He wants to Persephone.
Hades desires Persephone so He abducts and rapes Her, and makes Her his bride. Persephone is taken against Her will, and Demeter can't protect Her beloved daughter. Later in the tale, Persephone is returned to Demeter, but the damage has been done. She's eaten the fruit of the Underworld, and is forced to be with Hades, Her abductor and abuser, part of every year.
Here we are, some 2500-plus years later, and Persephone's tale still speaks truth to women's experiences of male power and sexual violence. Rape, domestic violence, sexual harassment, gender discrimination, and the pervasive sexism of everyday life find their deep roots in this ancestral, mythic negation of our feminine divinity and sovereignty. As the Gods do to the Goddesses, so men do to women.
Our #metoo stories are this old, and older still. We modern women are the latest manifestation of the suffering of our mothers, grandmothers, great-grandmothers, and the long, long female line that went before us. And the Goddess stands with us in our suffering, and our awakening.
Persephone's story is our story. We didn't write or choose this story. It was written by men in power with the intention of usurping and subduing the sovereignty and powers of the Goddess, and we, Her earth-bound daughters. The purpose of this story was, and still is, to make us forget and fear our vast, mysterious feminine nature, and to make divine and normal our powerlessness in a male-defined reality.
As ancient as Persephone's story may be, and as entrenched as sexism and misogyny may appear in our current, status-quo reality — this is just one story and one version of reality. It's not truth, not inevitable, and not even original. The Rape of Persephone is an abomination that debases and distorts a much older tale of the Goddess and Her descent to the Underworld.
The Descent of Inanna
Dial back another 3000 years to ancient Sumeria and the tale of The Descent of Inanna:
From the Great Above She opened Her ear to the Great Below.
From the Great Above the Goddess opened Her ear to the Great Below.
From the Great Above Inanna opened Her ear to the Great Below.
Inanna abandoned Heaven and Earth to descend to the Underworld.
When Inanna arrived at the outer gates of the Underworld, She knocked loudly.
She cried out in a fierce voice: 'Open the door, gatekeeper! Open the door, Neti!
I alone would enter!'
Neti, the chief gate keeper of the kur, asked: 'Who are you?'
She answered: 'I am Inanna, Queen of Heaven, on my way to the East.'
Neti said: 'If you are truly Inanna, Queen of Heaven, on your way to the East,
why has your heart led you on the road from which no traveler returns?'
Inanna answered: 'Because of my older sister Ereshkigal, Her husband,
Gugalanna, the Bull of Heaven, has died. I have come to witness the funeral rites.'
(Source: Wolkstein, Diane; Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer)
Let this fragment of Inanna's story sink in. Inanna is the Queen of Heaven and Earth. Ereshkigal is the Goddess of the Underworld. This is a story and reality where Goddesses, not Gods, reign in the Great Above and Great Below, and hold between them the primal mysteries of life, death and rebirth.
Later in the tale, we discover that Inanna, like Persephone, suffers the trials of the Underworld. But She does so by Her own choice and great courage. Through Her descent, She submits to the transformative mysteries of the Dark Goddess Ereshkigal. She is stripped bare, and dies to Her old self in order to be reborn into Her full powers and beauty. When She emerges from Her journey in the Great Below, Inanna is whole, holy in the full spectrum of Her Goddess powers and wisdom – Queen of Heaven, Earth and the Great Below.
Inanna's story is also our story in these #metoo times. By our own choice and great courage, we are turning our ear to the Great Below, and embarking on a journey into the Underworld that underlies our everyday reality. Here, in the dark, shadowy places in our inner psyche and shared society, we are seeking out the lost and repressed stories of sexual violation and gender discrimination that have scarred our lives.
The Great Below isn't the realm of Hades and male power. The dark isn't a place of rape, violence and domination. These are lies and distortions that block us from the wild, raw depths of our women's power and mysteries, and from the very things that can mend our lives and world: our pain, grief and rage, and our truth, beauty and sovereignty. And, like Inanna before us, when we emerge from this journey, we can become whole, holy in the full spectrum of our feminine powers and wisdom, transforming not only our personal lives but also our shared society.
Our Modern #MeToo Tales
Persephone's story is our story. Together we share a #metoo legacy of sexual violation and descent into a hell of male dominion that speaks to the everyday reality of sexism, misogyny and violence that's endemic to our society.
Inanna's story is our story. Together we share a heritage of the feminine mysteries of life, death and rebirth, and their pathway of descent into the Underworld as a journey of transformation into our full beauty and powers.
Feel the power of Persephone's and Inanna's legacy. Your #metoo story is a part of these ancient Goddess tales, and the lived experiences of the long line of women ancestors that have gone before you. Your voice is part of a world-changing movement of women speaking truth that can unravel the past, and reweave a collective reality that returns women to their rightful place in our shared society.
We're in this together — Persephone, Inanna, you, me and the countless others braving their #metoo tales. Our lives, truth and stories matter. Safety, respect and honoring our feminine nature are our birthrights. It's time for a new myth and collective reality, guided by the tales of Persephone and Inanna, and yet fresh and inspired by our personal stories and lived experiences.
Hades, Zeus, the male ancestors who wrote these mythic tales, and the men who continue to abuse and dominate women: their time is up. Whatever comes next will be of our writing and choosing, in service of our greater womanhood and sovereignty, and beauty, love and justice for all.
Image Credit: Rupert Bunny, Rape of Persephone, via Wikimedia Commons
Posted on: Apr 20, 2018 @ 20:17 Posted in: Goddess
Demeter's trim-ankled daughter whom Hades rapt away, given to him by all-seeing Zeus. Apart from Demeter, lady of the golden sword and glorious fruits, she was playing with the deep-bosomed daughters of Okeanos and gathering flowers over a soft meadow, roses and crocuses and beautiful violets, irises also and hyacinths and the narcissus, which Gaia made to grow at the will of Zeus and to be a snare for the bloom-like girl–a marvelous, radiant flower. And the girl was amazed and reached out with both hands to take the lovely toy: but the wide-pathed earth yawned there in the plain of Nysa, and the lord, Hades, with his immortal horses sprang out upon her. He caught her up reluctant on his golden car and bore her away lamenting. (Source: Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter (abridged) (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th or 6th B.C.); http://www.theoi.com/Khthonios/HaidesPersephone1.html)
My Lady abandoned Heaven and Earth to descend to the Underworld.
Inanna answered: 'Because of my older sister Ereshkigal, Her husband, Gugalanna,
the Bull of Heaven, has died. I have come to witness the funeral rites.'
The Great Below isn't the realm of Hades and male power. The dark isn't a place of rape, violence and domination. These are lies and distortions that block us from the wild, raw depths of our women's power and mysteries, and from the very things that can mend our lives and our world: our pain, grief and rage, and our truth, beauty and sovereignty. And, like Inanna before us, when we emerge from this journey, we can become whole, holy in the full spectrum of our feminine powers and wisdom, transforming not only our personal lives but also our shared society.
Something profound and essential is shifting in the foundations of our world as we witness others tell their long-hidden, #metoo stories, and tell our own stories in turn. We may not have words to capture this shift. Yet it's there – blazing through the eyes and voices of women aligned with the #metoo movement – stirring up the secret, restless places inside of us.
We're speaking truth, and being heard. We're saying: you're time is up, and holding male perpetrators accountable. We've woken up, en masse, and we're not going back to sleep. And we're not alone.
Feel the weight and power of this legacy and heritage. Your #metoo story is a part of these ancient Goddess tales, and the lived experiences of the long, long line of women ancestors that have gone before you. Your voice is part of a world-changing movement of women speaking truth that can unravel the past, and reweave a collective reality that returns women to their rightful place in our shared society.
The Hera Journey: The Mythic Tale of the Sacred Feminine
Posted on: Sep 30, 2017 @ 10:00 Posted in: Goddess
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The hero's journey comes to us through the comparative mythology writings of the late, brilliant Joseph Campbell. Stripped to its basic structure: the hero is given a quest or call to adventure; he sets out on a journey, gaining allies, struggling through great trials, and growing through his experiences; he has to face his biggest battle and through his victory he achieves his quest and claims his treasure; and then he returns to the ordinary world as a reborn or changed man.
The hera's journey leads us inward into the mysteries of the sacred dark, through our stories of trials and wounding, in search of our true, beautiful Self and our whole, holy humanity.
If this storyline sounds familiar, it's because we humans have been telling this tale through much of our history, most currently in some of our most beloved movies and books. Frodo, Luke Skywalker and Harry Potter have captivated us with their hero's journey, activating the archetypal roots of this mythic story in our human psyche.
The assumption in many literary and academic circles is that the hero's journey is a universal tale that speaks to our human quest for spiritual and personal growth. And though I love these hero stories as much as the next person, this assumption has never sat well with me.
The hero's journey is a tale of the sacred masculine — a quest where outer trials and treasures fuel our spiritual adventures and personal development — that speaks to one half our human nature and one aspect of our journey work. There is another mythic storyline — the hera's journey of descent and return from the realm of the Dark Goddess — that comes to us from the ancient Goddess tales of Persephone and Inanna.
In the basic structure of the hera's journey: the Goddess chooses to leave the land above and descends to the Underworld; She travels the ways of this realm, embracing its mysteries and suffering its trials; She dies to Her previous life; and then She is reborn and returns to the land above, transformed into Her full maturity and powers.
Gifts of the Hera's Journey: Four Spiritual Lessons for the Fall Season
With the approach of the Fall Equinox, the energies of the sacred dark begin to stir in your inner landscape — calling you to a new cycle on your journey of soul — compelling you to seek within the secret desires, dormant potential and lost stories that can guide your spiritual pathwork in the weeks, months and seasons to come.
As the seasons turn from Summer to Fall, the days become shorter and colder as the powers of light give way to those of darkness, and the living world draws ever more deeply inward to rest, to quiet, to stillness. Nature abandons outward activity in favor of inner gestation, returning to the belly of the Mother Earth, the sacred dark, where the sleeping potential of new life resides.
Your life too is woven of these primal powers and cycle. The deepest roots of your journey of soul — your life's purpose, true nature, best gifts, core healing and personal transformation — find their origins in the still, sacred darkness of your inner landscape.
This sacred dark of the Mother Earth, your inner landscape and the mysteries that underlie everyday existence can't be easily described or comprehended. By its very nature, the sacred dark is the great unknown of hidden powers and knowledge, and the lost parts of our personal stories and collective humanity. It holds both the seeds of new beginnings and the composting decay of death from which life emerges and returns to at the end of its days.
In all these ways, and so many more, the sacred dark is the realm of the Dark Goddess whose death-rebirth magic rides the raw, transformative edge between life and death, light and shadow, beauty and wounding, and joy and sorrow.
Our modern-day sensibilities, locked on the external, material, light-filled world of the things we know and understand, don't teach us about these deep roots of our spiritual pathwork. We're conditioned to skim the surface in our life travels, seeking outward for direction and guidance. We've forgotten and fear the primal ways of the sacred dark, of Nature, of soul, of the Goddess.
Yet this was not always so. Ancient tales of Inanna and Persephone gift us with the myth of the hera's journey. In this myth, the Goddess chooses to leave the land above and descends to the realm of the Dark Goddess, the Underworld; She travels the ways of this realm, embracing its mysteries and suffering its trials; and She dies and is reborn, returning to the land above in Her full maturity and powers.
The hera's journey provides invaluable teachings that can help you navigate the deepest roots of your journey of soul, and source the primal, transformative powers of the sacred dark.
Here are four lessons from this potent myth to guide your spiritual pathwork in the fall season.
From Tale of the Lost Daughter: Inanna and the Great Below
Posted on: Dec 14, 2015 @ 9:00 Posted in: From the Tale
Tale of the Lost Daughter Available in ebook and paperback--visit the Path Store.
Photo Credit: Aleks Dahlberg on Unsplash


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OSU-OKC announces new Veteran Student Mentorship Program
by K.S. McNutt
Published: Tue, November 10, 2015 8:50 AM Updated: Tue, November 10, 2015 9:08 AM
A program designed to strengthen the academic success of the approximately 400 veteran students at Oklahoma State University-Oklahoma City was announced this week in advance of Veterans Day.
Officials said the new Veteran Student Mentorship Program adds to the support OSU-OKC provides to help student veterans make the transition from military life to civilian life and college.
"Both mentors and mentees benefit from the program. As veterans, they have a bond because of their similar experiences. This program lets our veteran students know someone always has their back," Sam Snow, coordinator for veteran services and assessment, said in a news release.
Snow said that by providing encouragement and advice, mentors can increase student engagement, utilization of campus resources and foster academic success.
In honor of Veterans Day, OSU-OKC invites the community to campus for a ceremony at 11 a.m. Wednesday to recognize veterans on and off-campus.
The event will be outside the Student Center on the northwest side of the campus, 900 N Portland Ave. Putnam City West students who are members of the Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps will present the colors. OSU-OKC student and veteran Eustace Paige will be the featured speaker.
At the conclusion, attendees will be invited to place American flags on the grounds to honor veterans and to write a short note to a member of the military. The OSU-OKC Office of Veteran Services will collect the letters and send them to A Million Thanks, a nonprofit that distributes letters to active, reserve and veteran individuals.
K.S. McNutt
Kathryn McNutt covers higher education for The Oklahoman and NewsOK. Since joining the staff in August 2000, she also has worked as the Breaking News editor, Metro editor and assistant Local editor. A native of Oklahoma City, she graduated from... Read more ›
CommentsOSU-OKC announces new Veteran Student Mentorship Program


Brides wed at the Channels venue in Chelmsford & celebrate in an unusual way - see how!
Brides Vicky & Jo marry at the Channels venue in #Chelmsford & celebrate in an entertaining and unusual way. The day started nice and relaxed with each bride having their own suite just a stones throw away from each other within the confines of the well kept Channels venue. Both ladies were really laid back and we managed to get some gorgeous memories during the first part of the day.
The weather remained kind to us all day so the planned outdoor wedding went ahead which took place at the back of the venue in an exclusive part of the grounds for the couple.
It wasn't until after the meal that they decided to celebrate in an unusual way which turned out to be very entertaining and made for some fantastic memories. The brides acquired a golf buggy from the nearby members shop. After carefully tucking in their beautiful dresses, they proceeded to do a few laps of glory around the front area of the venue. Their guests thought this was hilarious and some even joined them on the back of the buggy for a few candid moments.
As the evening drew to a close, we captured some romantic moments with the little remaining light we had. It topped off a really fun filled day at the Channels golf club in Chelmsford, Essex.
If you would like to read more of my blogs from around Essex, London & Kent please click here.
I love hearing from you all so you can comment on this blog below or if you have an enquiry, you can contact me here and we can discuss your requirements.
Until next time - thank you for reading!


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Q: how to pass contains filter to sql in LinqToXML I have table like this :
    public class ProductAttributeCombination
{
  public string AttributesXml { get; set; }
        public XElement AttributesXmlContent
        {
            get { return XElement.Parse(AttributesXml); }
            set { AttributesXml = value.ToString(); }
        }
        public List<ProductAttributeXML> ProductAttributesXML
        {
            get
            {
                return XElement.Parse(AttributesXml).Elements("Attribute").Select(row => new ProductAttributeXML { AttributeCode = Convert.ToInt32(row.Attribute("Code").Value), AttributeOptionCode= Convert.ToInt32(row.Value) }).ToList();
            }
        }
}

and ProductAttributteXML like this :
   public class ProductAttributeXML
 {

  public int AttributeCode { get; set; }
  public int AttributeOptionCode { get; set; }
}

xml result in database like this :
<Attributes>
  <Attribute Code="1">2</Attribute>
  <Attribute Code="2">6</Attribute>
</Attributes>

1:
how can I create a query to row that xmlfield contains  belowe xml:
<Attribute Code="1">2</Attribute>

2:
how can I pass contains filter in xml fields to sql , becuse I dont want get all records , My database is larg and my if I get all rows , my query take long .
I need a way or a library to pass param to sql and filter data . ex. pass attribute Value and code to SQL .
I searched on the NET but I cant find any similar question  and I dont have any idea .
thanks

A: I hope, this is what you are looking for:
Just copy the whole lot into an empty query window and execute.
Then play around to find out, what works best for you
--Here your XML with some more nodes
DECLARE @xml XML=
'<Attributes>
  <Attribute Code="1">2</Attribute>
  <Attribute Code="2">6</Attribute>
  <Attribute Code="3">11</Attribute>
  <Attribute Code="4">13</Attribute>
  <Attribute Code="5">16</Attribute>
</Attributes>';

--Question 1 (all assuming that your XML includes the "Code" only as attribute
within the "Attribute" node
SELECT @xml.query('//*[@Code="1"]') AS TheNode
      ,@xml.query('//*[@Code="1"]').value('.','int') AS TheNodesValue
      ,@xml.value('(//*[@Code="1"])[1]','int') AS DirectEvaluation
;

--The same is possible with an exteral parameter
DECLARE @prm INT=1;
SELECT @xml.query('//*[@Code=sql:variable("@prm")]') AS TheNode
      ,@xml.query('//*[@Code=sql:variable("@prm")]').value('.','int') AS TheNodesValue
      ,@xml.value('(//*[@Code=sql:variable("@prm")])[1]','int') AS DirectEvaluation
;

--Question 2: Suggestion: Shred your XML to come back row-wise
SELECT B.value('@Code','int') AS Code
      ,B.value('.','int') AS Value
FROM @xml.nodes('/Attributes/Attribute') A(B);

--use this query as CTE and do your filtering with normal WHERE
;WITH MyCTE AS
(
    SELECT B.value('@Code','int') AS Code
          ,B.value('.','int') AS Value
    FROM @xml.nodes('/Attributes/Attribute') A(B)
)
SELECT Code, Value
FROM MyCTE
WHERE Code=1;

If you want to make this as easy as possible, you should create a function.
If you are only interested in one value, this should be a scalar function returning the value to one (or several) parameters you pass in.
If you might be interested in several nodes fullfilling your filter you should create an (inlineable) table valued function.
Come back if you need further help...


Celebrate the launch of CCBC & the release day of our 1st book club read, Miracle Creek by Angie Kim! Meet your fellow book clubbers, enjoy a round of book trivia for a special book prize, and browse the bookstore. Light refreshments will be served.
*Miracle Creek releases in print and digital formats on April 16. CC Book Club members receive 20% off in-store book club selections. E-books & audiobooks are available for purchase and download via Creating Conversation's website.


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Facebook Launches New Video Series, Hosted by Post Malone, Exclusively on Messenger and Instagram
This is interesting – Facebook has announced the launch of a new video series, hosted by Post Malone, which it will make exclusively available on Messenger and Instagram via the Watch Together option, which it rolled out back in September.
Watch Together enables users to stream Facebook-hosted video content within a Messenger video call, which can include up to 50 people at once.
To launch a Watch Together stream, you start a Messenger video call as normal, or create a Messenger Room, then swipe up to access the menu and select "Watch Together".
As you can see here, you can then select the video content you want to watch in your group.
Facebook notes that Watch Together is now also available to users who've opted into the new Messenger experience on Instagram, which combines your Instagram Direct and Messenger interactions.
And now, it's adding the new Post Malone show – which, seemingly, won't be available within Facebook itself, nor via Facebook Watch direct.
"Post Malone's Celebrity World Pong League will be a 10 episode series airing on Wednesdays and Fridays, featuring Post Malone going head-to-head against his celebrity friends including Doja Cat, Machine Gun Kelly, Quavo, and Saweetie in a battle to become the World Pong Champion. The first episode pits Post Malone against Tyla Yaweh and Machine Gun Kelly and will be available on November 18th."
That could be a good way to get more users trying out the Watch Together functionality, and with more than 150 million video calls conducted on Messenger every day, and more than 200 million videos sent via the messaging app, it seems like it should be a natural progression for many users, in terms of enhancing engagement and hanging out (virtually) with friends.
And if Facebook can get more people viewing video content via Messenger (and Instagram), that could add a whole new pathway for video promotion and distribution, and another way to boost Facebook Watch viewership.
Celebrity-lead programming like this lends itself to fan discussion, and by providing a way to view such within dedicated groups, that could be a better way to spark further engagement and interaction, boosting the popularity of the content.
It's an interesting experiment, which could play more to Facebook's strengths, in regards to tying more social elements into the video-viewing experience.


This page displays sold house prices for Linden End in Aylesbury.
Linden End in Aylesbury HP21 consists predominantly of detached houses. Properties on Linden End typically have values around £350,000 - £450,000, but larger detached houses can command upwards of £450,000.
Map showing Linden End in Aylesbury.


Former stockbroker Jordan Belfort has been linked to a training organization accused of a "tick and flick" approach towards awarding qualifications.
A training organization linked to Jordan Belfort (aka the Wolf of Wall Street) has been accused of offering qualifications without training.
Belfort is consulting for the Australian company and reportedly received the equivalent of CA$17 million of taxpayers' money in the last financial year.
The Australian current affairs television show 60 minutes revealed that Face to Face Training Services was using high pressure tactics to recruit students, in addition to handing out qualifications based on an easy "tick and flick" approach.
This included one trainee, Dave Blake, who claimed to be certified to drive a 30-tonne excavator, yet had never actually been inside one.
One former FTF employee, Donna Hedley, said the approach involved the trainer going to the site and simply speaking to the trainee.
"And whatever the person says is marked off as legitimate. And then it's, 'Thank you, goodbye' And that person receives a qualification," Hedley was quoted as saying by Fairfax Media.
Hedley also accused FTF CEO Paul Conquest of ordering her and other salespeople to falsify receipts in relation to a mandatory training fee students were supposed to pay.
She claimed trainers were supposed to pay a $20 or $40 fee, which was reported to the government as paid when it actually wasn't.
In response, a FTF spokeswoman said the organisation would investigate the reports, and that substandard training was intolerable.
"The company does not promote, condone or endorse aggressive selling techniques," she said.
She added that Belfort is currently on the verge of developing a variety of sales and entrepreneurial training programs to sell online.
"Mr Belfort is paid for his consulting services by Face to Face Training Services and he will receive a licence fee for relevant material used in the courses that he has helped develop," she said.
Are your annoying employees actually CIA spies?
Employment law: Does the three strikes rule really apply?
Should HRD have resigned over solicitation charge?


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Musket Fire
Draft News
30 Greatest Patriots of All-Time
New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick (Photo by Adam Glanzman/Getty Images)
Patriots: Jerod Mayo to interview for Eagles head coaching job and it seems weird by Jerry Trotta
3 quarterbacks the Patriots could pick later in the 2021 Draft by Zachary Downing
Details prove Patriots were behind Bill Belichick's Medal of Freedom statement
by Jerry Trotta 3 days ago Follow @JTrotta24
It would appear that Patriots HC Bill Belichick wasn't working alone in his decision to reject President Trump's gesture.
The normally-spoiled Patriots fan base has really been through it all this season. From watching the team produce its worst campaign in 20 years, to witnessing the initially lauded Cam Newton signing blow up in their face and having to stomach Tom Brady registering one of the most prolific regular seasons of his career, there has been no shortage of nauseating storylines.
As if that wasn't enough, the Patriots' earliest offseason in over a decade got off to a troubling start when head coach Bill Belichick was offered the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Donald Trump. To his credit, the six-time champ turned down the gesture in light of the disturbing events that unfolded at the Capitol last week.
We responded by lauding Belichick for refusing to accept such a tainted honor, but that appears to have been an incomplete reaction on our part. According to insider Mike Florio of Pro Football Talk, the Patriots got out ahead of things and very much pressured Belichick to decline the award.
Mike Florio provides more detail on Bill Belichick declining Presidential Medal of Freedom https://t.co/McMHN6L64F pic.twitter.com/qNkPvtuXaK
— WEEI (@WEEI) January 12, 2021
Here's a snippet of Belichick's statement that validates Florio's claim.
"I know I also represent my family and the New England Patriots team. One of the most rewarding things in my professional career took place in 2020 when, through the great leadership within our team, conversations about social justice, equality and human rights moved to the forefront and became actions."
While Florio couldn't speak to whether Belichick's family played a role in his decision to reject the medal, his sources claim the Patriots did.
On top of that, he reported that the 68-year-old's decision mostly boiled down to maintaining his reputation and not the effect of the historic black eye that was the mob of Trump supporters who attempted to seize the Capitol, which ultimately resulted in five people losing their lives.
"Per multiple sources, Monday included extensive discussions and communications within the Patriots organization aimed at getting Belichick to choose a path that would preserve his reputation and the reputation of the team he coaches," Florio wrote. "Whether in the form of fan complaints, media critiques, or free-agent consternation, multiple reasons existed for Belichick deciding to keep his distance from Donald Trump."
Was Bill Belichick's refusal to accept the Presidential Medal of Freedom a selfless act, or did he act out of self-interest? https://t.co/mDbVJvjpgT
— ProFootballTalk (@ProFootballTalk) January 12, 2021
With all of this in mind, it's certainly worth speculating what fueled Belichick's seemingly commendable decision. This subject is so sensitive and slippery that we're not going to jump to conclusions, but it really makes you wonder if the suffocating pressure from both the Patriots and the public coerced Belichick into refusing President Trump's gesture.
Patriots: Bill Belichick responds to Nick Caserio's departure for Texans
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Musket Fire 2 daysCurrent odds for Deshaun Watson trade are mixed bag for Patriots fans
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Just finished watching Pink's new video Stupid Girls. It's awesome! What a powerful message she's sending thru this tongue-in-cheek parody of what our society and culture is trying to do to our girls! I loved watching it and listening to the words and hope millions of girls will watch it and memorize such lines in the song as, "What happened to the dreams of a girl president, She's dancing in the video next to 50 Cents...Where, oh where, have the smart people gone? Oh where, oh where could they be?...I'm so glad that I'll never fit in. That will never be me. Outcasts and girls with ambition, That's what I wanna see!"
Kudos to Pink for making this music video. You-go-girl!!! I really do hope words such as the ones she's singing in this video will herald a wake-up call for our generation of young girls. They don't have to fit in and should not even try to fit into the unhealthy lifestyles and aimless trends parading in front of them on a daily basis.
Pink's letter talking about her single "Stupid Girls"


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HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS—acquired immune deficiency syndrome. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can be contracted from infected body fluids including semen, blood, and breast milk. The virus destroys immune-system cells—especially T-cells—that carry the CD4 protein on their surfaces. The weakened immune system leaves people vulnerable to increasingly severe opportunistic infections (OIs) and certain cancers. An OI or cancer or a T-cell count below 200 per mL of blood marks the transition from HIV infection to AIDS. By the late twentieth century, HIV/AIDS had become a worldwide pandemic. The unique response to HIV/AIDS was spearheaded by people with AIDS and their advocates.
Risk of acquiring HIV infection by entry site
As of 2017, an estimated 37 million people worldwide were living with HIV, but only about 60% were aware of their infection, and only about half had access to lifesaving antiretrovirals (ARVs). Although there were an estimated 2.1 million new infections in 2015, this represented a 35% decrease in new infections since 2000. Similarly, although there were an estimated 1.8 million children under 15 living with HIV in 2016—most infected perinatally (during birth)—new infections in children had declined 51% since 2010, and perinatal infection had been nearly eliminated in the United States. At the other extreme, there are an increasing number of older Americans living with HIV/AIDS. Worldwide, slightly more women than men are infected. About 19% of new 2015 infections were in women aged 15–24.
Approximately 95% of cases of HIV/AIDS are in Africa and Southeast Asia. Sub-Saharan Africa is most affected, with an estimated 25.6 million—at least 5% of all adults—living with HIV and two-thirds of all new infections. Whereas 95% of HIV-infected pregnant South African women receive antiretrovirals to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), only about 30% of HIV-infected pregnant Nigerian women receive antiretrovirals.
In the United States, an estimated 1.2 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2013, with about 13% unaware of their infection. There were 39,513 new HIV diagnoses in 2015—a decline of 9% since 2010, with the biggest drop among gay and bisexual Caucasian men. New 2015 diagnoses were:
45% African American
24% Hispanic/Latino
67% gay or bisexual men
24% infected via heterosexual sex
22% aged 13–24, of whom 84% were gay or bisexual men
30% transmitted by people with undiagnosed HIV
HIV is a retrovirus with RNA as its genetic material. HIV-1 is responsible for the global pandemic. HIV-2 is uncommon outside of West Africa, appears to be less easily transmitted, and has a longer latency between infection and AIDS.
It is believed that HIV evolved from the simian immunodeficiency virus contracted from chimpanzee bush meat in the Central African rainforest around the turn of the twentieth century. As the virus moved among humans, first in rural Africa and then in cities, it mutated repeatedly, becoming increasingly diverse. The earliest identified HIV came from a blood sample collected in Kinshasa, Congo, in 1959. The virus reached Haiti in the 1960s and the United States by at least the 1970s.
In 1981, deadly outbreaks of very rare diseases began appearing among gay men in New York City and San Francisco: PCP—pneumonia caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly P. carinii)—as well as Kaposi sarcoma (KS), gastrointestinal parasites, and lymphadenopathy (swollen, knobby lymph glands). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) later estimated that by 1981 there were already 42,000 Americans—primarily gay men and Haitian immigrants—living with HIV and 20,000 new infections annually. By 1982—when the term "AIDS"was introduced—an estimated 43% of San Francisco's gay male population and 26% of New York's were infected. Similar outbreaks in Africa and the Caribbean affected heterosexual men and women, newborns, injected-drug users, and people with hemophilia. Furthermore, Africans had been dying for years from a mysterious wasting syndrome.
In 1983, French and American scientists identified HIV as the cause of AIDS, but conflicts over priority and patents significantly slowed research and treatments. During the 1980s, 100,000 men died of AIDS in New York City alone. By 1992, it was the number one cause of death among U.S. men aged 25–44.
Morbidity and mortality rates
Most people with untreated HIV infections eventually develop AIDS, usually over several years, although the disease typically progresses faster in children and the elderly. AIDS-related deaths peaked in 2005 at 2.3 million worldwide and have since fallen significantly. With the introduction of protease inhibitors and combination antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s, U.S. AIDS deaths immediately declined by 47%. As of 2016, more than 18 million people worldwide were receiving treatment, for a global coverage of about 46%, including more than 70% of pregnant women. However as of 2017, there were still about 2 million deaths annually from lack of access to antiretrovirals, and AIDS remained a leading cause of childhood death in many parts of Africa and Southeast Asia. Almost all deaths are from one of the 24 known deadly OIs, with PCP the leading cause, followed by KS, lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, and wasting caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. HIV also directly affects the brain, causing AIDS dementia complex (ADC).
Number of people living with HIV in 2016
At a national conference of gay and lesbian healthcare workers in 1983, activists formulated the "Denver Principles," demanding basic rights for people with AIDS and their involvement at all levels of healthcare decision-making. This signaled the beginnings of a patient-advocacy movement that would revolutionize the global health response. Under activist pressure, the drug company Burroughs Wellcome resurrected an old cancer drug called azidothymidine (AZT). Early clinical-trial results were so spectacular that the trial's placebo arm was abruptly halted as inhuman. In the fastest-ever drug approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), AZT became the first nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)—and Burroughs Wellcome raised the price to $10,000 a year, making it the most expensive drug in history. Although HIV quickly became AZT-resistant, and the drug was too toxic for many people with AIDS, with no new treatments in the pipeline, a new group, the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), launched a multipronged attack. Under the ubiquitous banner SILENCE=DEATH, ACT UP grew to include 148 chapters in 19 countries, leading demonstrations, sitins, and other actions targeting the National Institutes of Health (NIH), FDA, and drug companies. Activists became their own healthcare providers, researchers, drug smugglers, pharmacists, and lobbyists, with their own publications, libraries, and laboratories. ACT UP's Treatment + Data Committee eventually won the respect and cooperation of the scientific establishment and began partnering with leading researchers and the FDA. Meanwhile, AIDS doctors—horrified that slow-paced clinical trials were treating dying people with AIDS with placebos and denying them prophylaxis for PCP and other OIs—set up independent community-based drug trials. In 1989, the FDA finally approved aerosol pentamidine as PCP prophylaxis—the first drug ever released based on data from community researchers. With its approval of DHPG for AIDS-related blindness, the FDA, for the first time, reversed its position on a drug in response to patient pressure and without formal trials. As ACT UP imposed on AIDS research at the NIH, it demanded the inclusion of women, children, people of color, and intravenous drug users in clinical trials.
HIV/AIDS finally came to the attention of the U.S. Congress and broader public with revelations that the popular actor Rock Hudson and a 13-year-old with hemophilia were dying of AIDS. The Surgeon General called for a nationwide educational campaign—including early school-based sex education, condom use, and voluntary testing—and every U.S. household received an informational brochure. Eventually, the CDC took control of the response, including:
campaigns and community-based organizations for awareness and prevention among high-risk populations
pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for gay and bisexual males
antiretrovirals for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 72 hours
International efforts
90% of people living with HIV will know their status
90% will receive sustained combination antiretroviral therapy
90% of those receiving combination antiretroviral therapy will have viral suppression
The World Health Organization (WHO) tracks HIV/AIDS. The 69th World Health Assembly's strategies for 2016–2021 include information, intervention, equal global coverage, sustainable financing, and innovation. WHO recommendations include:
a combination of preventive measures including PrEP for those at substantial risk
PEP, counseling, first aid, testing, and follow-up care
for injected-drug users: sterile needle and syringe programs, opioid-substitution therapy, testing and counseling, information and education, condom access, treatment and care, and management of STIs, tuberculosis (TB), and hepatitis
elimination of MTCT
lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy for everyone living with HIV, regardless of CD4 count, and alternative first-line treatments to reduce costs and improve tolerability
Other international programs include:
the CDC's Global AIDS Program
the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief—launched in 2002 as the largest ever commitment by a country for an international initiative against a single disease
the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, a public-private partnership in developing countries
HIV is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids and mucus membranes. Unprotected sexual activity, especially anal intercourse, with an HIV-infected partner poses the greatest risk. STIs such as syphilis and gonorrhea significantly increase the risk of both transmitting and contracting HIV. In Africa, HIV is spread primarily through heterosexual activity. Schistosomiasis—a parasitic disease that affects up to 50% of women in some parts of Africa—can damage vaginal tissues, increasing susceptibility to HIV. Although 10% of U.S. diagnoses are in intravenous drug users, needle exchanges have reduced new infections in this population by half. Beginning in the mid-1980s, screening eliminated the blood supply as a source of HIV in the developed world. Safety precautions made healthcare-associated transmission extremely rare. Unfortunately, the perception that HIV/AIDS is now preventable or treatable has led to an increase in high-risk sexual behaviors. Furthermore, older adults are five times more likely than younger people to have unprotected sex, and older women are at greater risk for infection due to thinning of the vaginal wall. Nevertheless, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces HIV transmission by almost 96%.
HIV fuses with human cells by attaching to the CD4 protein receptor on the surface of white blood cells. HIV requires a co-receptor called CCR5, which is present on immune-system cells in mucous membranes of the genitalia and gastrointestinal tract, although about 1% of people of Northern European ancestry have two copies of a CCR5 mutation that protects against HIV infection. HIV inserts its RNA into cells, reverse transcribes its RNA into DNA, and, within less than two days, produces new viral particles that burst the cells to release more virus. Eventually, so many white blood cells are destroyed that the weakened immune system cannot fight off OIs or cancers. The virus also can remain silent (latent) within human DNA to be activated later.
Untreated HIV/AIDS generally progresses through three stages. Early-stage infection often causes no symptoms; however, within a month about 30% of people develop acute retroviral syndrome (ARS), a flulike illness with fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. Although symptoms disappear within a few weeks, people remain highly contagious.
The second stage—clinical latency or asymptomatic, chronic infection—lasts a decade or more, with the virus reproducing at very low—but transmissible—levels. Symptoms, if present, can include:
fevers and night sweats
loss of energy
frequent yeast infections
skin rashes or flaky skin
short-term memory loss
As the viral load—the number of viral particles in the blood—increases toward the end of stage 2, CD4 levels fall below 200. Symptoms and infectiousness increase. Full-blown AIDS is characterized by OIs and/or AIDS-related cancers:
thrush and other mouth infections
oral hairy leukoplakia—white tongue lesions caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
PCP that can spread to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex
cytomegalovirus (CMV) that can attack almost any organ in the body and can cause blindness
human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes genital warts or cervical cancer
shingles—reactivation of the chickenpox virus
gastrointestinal infections including cryptosporidiosis and isosporiasis
Herpes simplex infections, including genital herpes
bacillary angiomatosis or "cat scratch disease" disease
central nervous system infections cryptococcal meningitis
cerebral toxoplasmosis
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy—a viral brain infection
Hodgkin or Burkitt lymphoma
anal or rectal cancers
lipodystrophy—a redistribution of body fat—and wasting
Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS)—
Flu-like symptoms that develop in about 30% of patients within a few weeks of HIV infection.
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)—
An innovative, demonstrative advocacy group that responded effectively to HIV/AIDS.
Cognitive difficulties, confusion, and loss of muscular coordination caused by direct HIV destruction of brain tissue.
Immune-system proteins that recognize specific antigens such as viral proteins.
A foreign protein or other molecule that stimulates the immune system to produce specific antibodies.
Antiretrovirals (ARV)—
Drugs that inhibit or destroy retroviruses such as HIV.
Azidothymidine (AZT)—
A nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor that was the first treatment for HIV/AIDS but was discontinued due to severe toxicity and rapidly developing viral resistance.
A protein co-receptor on the surface of white blood cells that, along with CD4, is required for HIV to enter human cells.
A large protein on the surface of helper T and other immune-system cells and is the receptor by which HIV enters the cell.
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)—
Drug combinations for preventing, limiting, or treating HIV/AIDS.
A rapidly spreading disease affecting many individuals in a community or population.
Kaposi sarcoma (KS)—
A rare connective-tissue cancer that causes painless purplish-red or brown blotches and can be diagnostic for HIV/AIDS.
A redistribution of body fat caused by AIDS or its treatments.
Lymph gland swelling.
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)—
Vertical transmission; HIV infection from an infected mother during fetal development, perinatally, or through breast milk.
Nucleic acid test (NAT)—
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT); polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying HIV RNA for detection in the blood.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)—
An antiretroviral drug that interferes with viral reverse transcriptase inside infected cells, preventing the virus from replicating.
Opportunistic infection (OI)—
An infection that usually causes illness only in patients with damaged immune systems, such as from HIV/AIDS.
An infectious disease affecting a large region or spreading globally.
A medicinally inactive substance or procedure.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)—
A rare pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly P. carinii), a yeast-like fungus that is the most common cause of death from HIV/AIDS.
A course of antiretroviral drugs administered immediately following exposure to HIV to prevent infection.
A combination of two antiretroviral drugs taken daily to prevent HIV/AIDS in people at very high risk.
Measures to prevent infection or other disease.
Antiretroviral drugs that interfere with an enzyme required for HIV maturation.
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)—
The most common screening tests for HIV/AIDS.
Retrovirus—
A single-stranded RNA virus, such as HIV, that transcribes its RNA into DNA using reverse transcriptase and inserts the DNA into the genetic material of infected cells.
Sexual practices and precautions for minimizing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
Sexually transmitted infection (STI)—
An infection, such as HIV, that is transmitted through sexual activity.
T-cell—
T lymphocyte or helper T-cell; a type of immune-system white blood cell that is infected and destroyed by HIV.
An opportunistic infection with the fungus Candida albicans that causes white patches in the oral cavity.
An opportunistic infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
Infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily attacks the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
People with AIDS (PWA)—
The preferred term for HIV/AIDS patients.
Viral load—
The number of copies of a virus in one milliliter of blood; used to measure the severity of HIV infection.
Wasting—
Weight loss and changes in the composition of body tissues—typically the replacement of lean muscle tissue with fat—that occur in HIV/AIDS patients.
Zidovudine (ZDV)—
Azidothymidine or Retrovir; an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV/AIDS and prevent maternal-to-child HIV transmission.
AIDS progresses faster in children, with delayed growth, fevers, recurrent ear infections, and other frequent illnesses. Children are more susceptible to bacterial infections, lung inflammation, and AIDS-related brain disorders.
An OI and/or unsafe sexual practices or intravenous drug use may suggest HIV/AIDS. The initial physical exam may include neurologic and mentalstatus examinations, since ADC may be the first symptom in advanced cases.
screening with a combination test
verifying positive results with an antibody test that distinguishes HIV-1 from HIV-2
a NAT if results of the first two tests differ
NATs measure viral load.
Low viral loads are usually 40–500 copies/mL, indicating that HIV is not actively reproducing and risk of disease progression is low.
High viral loads during treatment may be 5,000–10,000.
Untreated or uncontrolled viral loads can be as high as one million or more.
An undetectable viral load means the virus is hidden within cells.
Number of new HIV diagnoses
HIV/AIDS progression is indicated by:
viral load above 5,000
below 200 CD4+ cells/mm3
CD4+ lymphocytes below 20% of total lymphocytes
measurable p24 antigen
low hematocrit
sharp decrease in blood platelets
low level of neutrophils
Genotypic or phenotypic tests are used to choose antiretrovirals. Genotypic testing identifies mutations in HIV RNA associated with specific antiretroviral resistance. Phenotypic testing directly measures the sensitivity of an HIV strain to particular drugs and drug combinations.
AIDS-related infections and complications may require tests for:
other STIs
liver or kidney damage
Procedures used to diagnose OIs and complications include:
lumbar puncture to test the spinal fluid for nervoussystem infection
biopsies of nerve, skin, or muscle tissue
chest x-rays
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain for signs of ADC
severe symptoms
CD4 count below 350
HIV-related kidney disease
AIDS patient taking Pentamidine in an aerosol form, a drug used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), a very common opportunistic infections in AIDS.
(David Weintraub/Science Source)
Combination antiretroviral therapy can mean taking multiple drugs or combination pills at specific times every day for life. At least three drugs from two of the six different classes are combined to avoid creating strains resistant to a single drug.
NRTIs block reverse transcriptase, preventing the virus from replicating.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors disable reverse transcriptase.
Protease inhibitors—the largest and most effective class—block HIV protease to prevent the assembly of new viral particles.
A fusion inhibitor blocks HIV entry into CD4 cells.
A CCR5 antagonist blocks HIV entry into CD4 cells.
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors disable a protein required for HIV RNA insertion into CD4 cells.
Other common medications include:
prophylactic antibiotics and antifungals
complex, long-term drug regimens for OIs
erythropoietin for anemia
drugs to stimulate white blood cell production
chemotherapy for cancers
HIV-positive pregnant women usually take zidovudine (ZDV) beginning at 14 weeks of gestation. It is administered intravenously during labor and delivery. Newborns are given liquid ZDV for six weeks and possibly additional antiretrovirals, as well as PCP prophylaxis, since PCP is a major cause of death during the first year.
Good nutrition, weight maintenance, and regular physical exercise—particularly weight-training—are important for people with AIDS. Food safety is a major concern. Complementary and alternative measures—including multivitamins, acupuncture, yoga, massage therapy, and relaxation techniques—may reduce symptoms, counteract drug effects, improve mood, and relieve depression. Whey protein may help with weight gain and reducing diarrhea. St. John's wort and garlic supplements can interact with some antiretrovirals, reducing their effectiveness by at least 50%.
Only once has HIV/AIDS appeared to be cured. In Germany in 2007, an American man with AIDS and leukemia received bone-marrow transplants from a donor lacking CCR5. As of 2017, he remained HIV-free without combination antiretroviral therapy. Others thought to be HIV-free after similar transplants suffered severe resurgences when combination antiretroviral therapy was discontinued.
HIV-positive pregnant women on combination antiretroviral therapy have only a 1%–2% risk of MTCT. With a viral load below 1,000 and ZDV, the risk is almost zero. Cesarean delivery before onset of labor and membrane rupture reduces the risk of transmission with high viral loads. Although HIV-infected infants have no symptoms at birth, about 15% develop serious symptoms or die within the first year. Almost half die by age ten. However, combination antiretroviral therapy can significantly reduce the risk of death.
Because HIV mutates so rapidly, the development of both preventive and therapeutic vaccines has proved exceedingly difficult. However PrEP—a combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine called Truvada—reduces the risk of contracting HIV from sexual activity by more than 90% if taken consistently on a daily basis. The risk is even lower if combined with the condom use and other preventive measures. PrEP reduces the risk from injecting drugs by more than 70%. PEP initiated within 72 hours of exposure and taken once or twice daily for 28 days often prevents infection but is not 100% effective. Daily combination antiretroviral therapy initiated soon enough after HIV infection can prevent progression to AIDS and reduce the risk of transmission by up to 96%. ART for HIV-positive pregnant women—along with Cesarean delivery and avoidance of breastfeeding—reduce MTCT to less than 1%.
The CDC recommends HIV screening at least once for everyone aged 13–64 and annual screening for those at risk—including anyone with hepatitis B or C, TB, or an STI; who had a blood transfusion prior to 1985; or who could have otherwise been exposed. Gay or bisexual men may require testing as often as every three–six months. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends testing for all sexually active youth and 16–18-year-olds in high-risk areas. HIV testing is included in standard prenatal care for all pregnant women, with repeat testing during the third trimester for women at high risk.
The risk of contracting HIV can be lowered by safe sexual practices and other precautions. People living with HIV must avoid behaviors that can spread infection to sexual or needle-sharing partners.
Sexual activity can be limited to a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner.
A new condom should be used every time one engages in anal or vaginal sex with a partner of unknown HIV status. Female condoms are available for women. Only water-based lubricants should be used, since oil-based lubricants can weaken condoms.
A condom, dental dam, or plastic wrap should be used during oral sex.
Injected-drug users should always use sterile needles, never share needles, and utilize needle-exchange programs.
People should be tested after any high-risk activities.
All sexual partners must be informed of one's HIV status.
Guidelines must be followed for protecting against needle pricks and other accidental exposures.
HIV-negative people who have been tested for hepatitis B and are at high risk for HIV can take prophylactic Truvada. Condoms must still be used.
Male circumcision—removal of the entire foreskin—reduces the risk of men becoming infected via heterosexual sex by about 60%.
See also Epidemiology ; Globalization and emerging diseases ; Tuberculosis .
Ammann, Arthur. Lethal Decisions: The Unnecessary Deaths of Women and Children from HIV/AIDS. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University, 2017.
Cheney, Kristen. Crying for Our Elders: African Orphanhood in the Age of HIV and AIDS. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2017.
Dworkin, Shari. Men at Risk: Masculinity, Heterosexuality, and HIV Prevention. New York: New York University, 2016.
France, David. How to Survive a Plague: The Inside Story of How Citizens and Science Tamed AIDS. New York: Knopf, 2016.
Jackson, Myles. The Genealogy of a Gene: Patents, HIV/AIDS, and Race. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2015.
Jones, Keith. AIDS Sourcebook. 2016 ed. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2016.
O'Daniel, Alyson. Holding on: African American Women Surviving HIV/AIDS. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2016.
Pienaar, Kiran. Politics in the Making of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
Piot, Peter. AIDS Between Science and Politics. New York: Columbia University, 2015.
Gallo, Robert. "Shock and Kill with Caution: Strategies to Silence Latent HIV Infection Should be Explored." Science 354, no. 6309 (October 14, 2016): 177–8.
Garett, Renee, et al. "HIV/AIDS Stigma Among a Sample of Primarily African-American and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men Social Media Users." AIDS Care 28, no. 6 (June 2016): 731–5.
Huang, Yu-Chao, Yi-Pin Lin, and Gregory D. Saxton. "Give Me a Like: How HIV/AIDS Nonprofit Organizations Can Engage Their Audience on Facebook." AIDS Education and Prevention 28, no. 6 (December 2016): 539–56.
Justesen, Mogens. "Too Poor to Care? The Salience of AIDS in Africa." Political Research Quarterly 68, no. 1 (March 2015): 89–103.
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Piper, Kendra, Comfort Enah, and Melanie Daniel. "Black Southern Rural Adolescents' HIV Stigma, Denial, and Misconceptions and Implications for HIV Prevention." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services 52, no. 6 (June 2014): 50–6.
Rios-Ellis, Britt, et al. "Evaluation of a Community Health Worker Intervention to Reduce HIV/AIDS Stigma and Increase HIV Testing Among Underserved Latinos in the Southwestern U.S." Public Health Reports 130, no. 5 (September 2015): 458–67.
Shermer, Michael. "Tiger Blood and Goat Milk." Scientific American 315, no. 1 (July 2016): 73.
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AVERT, 1st Fl. S., 6/7 Lovers Walk, Brighton, UKEast Sussex, BN1 6AH, 44 (0) 947749, info@avert.org, https://www.avert.org .
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, (800) CDC-INFO (232-4636), http://www.cdc.gov .
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text:
The Monster of Phantom Lake [Movie review by the Drudgeon]
Originally posted at: http://forcedviewing.com/2013/08/22/the-monster-of-phantom-lake-movie-review-by-the-drudgeon/
A great flashback to the drive-in classics.
* * * * (Four stars!)
Do you remember those days when things where more simple and when you went to the drive-in and had that big speaker attached to your window, popcorn in-between you and your girl, waiting for the scary moment when you girl wants you to hug her tight, which then leads to making out and fogging up the windows? Me neither. I've never actually been to a drive-in so I've never been able to experience that feeling. But this movie is a perfect example of those days. The movie really feels like it jumped from the drive-in screen and into your DVD player. Mr. Mihm knows his drive-in monster movies and nailed this one.
So the story follows Professor Jackson (Josh Craig) and his graduate student Stephanie Yates (Leigha Horton) as they are testing the water around Phantom Lake. While they are doing science stuff and flirting we also have a group of five teenagers fresh out of high school dancing and having some fun before college starts. Among them are George (Brad Tracy) and his girl Penny (Lindsey Holmes), Jonathan (Justen Overlander) and his girl Amy (Rachel Grubb) and finally scared-of-everything Elizabeth (Deanne McDonald). Jonathan tells the story of Lobo, a military man who came back from the war, killed his wife and now lives in the woods where they are staying. The story turns out to be true and when we do meet Lobo (Mike Mason), the poor guy (well actually he is kinda crazy) falling into the water where atomic waste is being poured, and he mutates into the title monster (played by Michael Kaiser) that then begins killing anyone that happens upon him. Can the scientific man, Professor Jackson, use his great mind to stop the monster or will it take the power of rock n roll?
Considering the movie is trying to recreate the feel and look of the classic drive-ins, you really can't approach this as you would a normal movie. The acting isn't going to be up to today's standards and the effects aren't even going to come close to the effects of modern movies, but then again that's really the point. Now unlike a parody or a movie that is just mocking the older films, this one really takes a close look at what makes the older movies tick. The acting is spot on with the characters acting like they're supposed to and not over acting (like I was really expecting). They really do act like they do belong in an older film as do the effects.
My only real complaint is that there are times where it hangs on something for a bit too long. It's really nothing that breaks the movie, but that did bother me a bit.
I have a feeling that if you showed this movie in an actual drive-in, most people wouldn't even be able to tell that it's a new movie. That says volumes about the skill (and love) of everyone involved, especially Christopher R. Mihm (writer and director). Plus, who can go wrong with cops in a canoe?
"I do like the rock and roll."


Guess how many presents I've purchased?………ZERO.
I've been trying to survive the end of the semester push, so I have not been in much of the Christmas spirit or any other kind of spirit of a happy or jovial nature. 😉 And I have not been a very good blogger either. So not to worry.
Now if we could only figure out how time flew so fast.
My house is decorated, the Christmas social stuff has begun, but I am feeling distinctly un-shoppy and un-bakey. So there may be no presents or Christmas baking. But at least the tree and house look lovely!
Jessica – if I hadn't had to send the pesky things to England I probably wouldn't have purchased any either!
Amanda – if we could figure it out & sell the secret I'm sure we'd make a fortune!
I've been a bad blogger too. lol And yeah – WHERE IS THE TIME GOING?! It's crazy.
I have not purchased any presents. I'm not sure I'll be giving one any anyway. I'm financially strapped because I have a pending relocation to allocate money for. 😦 I haven't blogged about that yet because I can't—YET.
OMG there's snow on your blog! Hehehe. Yup, I'm not going batty. There appears to be snow falling on your blog. Through your blog?!
Oooh. Cherry gluhwein. I wonder how that tastes.


Abstract: The protein Bcl-2 performs cellular interventions, preventing hard-pressed cells from killing themselves. New research shows that this molecular rescuer also stops cells from gobbling their own contents. The work clarifies how hungry cells control recycling of their raw materials.
Citation: M. Leslie, Appetite Suppressant. Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ. 2005 (39), nf76 (2005).


text:
Q: Image scaling for iPhone 4-inch and 4.7-inch screens I'm trying to deal with images in iPhone 5 and 6 (let's forget the 6+ for now). I can do a lot of work arounds, but I'd like to know what's the best way to deal with images.
I have this image:

This image is 321x253 pixels. I'm working with its @2x size image too.

But obviously if I set the size as 321:

As you can see the first preview is the iPhone 4-inch one and the second one is the iPhone 4.7-inch. It fits with the 4-inch screen, but I want both devices.
So I place this image edge to edge so:

But the second one is stretched. Should I use different images for different width screens?

A: You have 2 solutions:

*

*If you need to absolutely keep the same height for your picture, make a 2nd file with the correct dimensions.

*Otherwise, use autolayout to pin the width, the ratio and the origin of your UIImageView and select "Aspect fit" as View Mode.


May be the same as Round-Up Western from the Magazine Fiction Group and/or may actually be titled Round-Up Library.
Not seen, but advertised in an issue of Real FBI Detective Case Stories. May be the same as Round-Up Magazine from The City Libraries.
Spoof magazine listed on the Adventure House website on April 1st 2001, together with a faked cover.


The Israeli Occupation Forces (IOF) continued their raids and arrests in different villages and cities of the West Bank and arrested 13 Palestinians.
A Hamas leader in the West Bank, Sheikh Bajas Nakhla, was arrested after IOF raided his home in Jalazoun refugee camp. He also launched raids and arrests in other parts of the West Bank.
Nakhla is a prominent Hamas leader in the occupied West Bank. He has been detained in Israeli jails several times, during which he spent more than 18 years, including 10 years in administrative detention.
A large force of occupation, estimated at approximately 20 jeeps and army carriers, stormed Qalqiliya.
Israeli army arrested six Palestinians in Ramallah district, three from Hebron, and one from each of Bethlehem and Nablus.
In East Jerusalem, Israeli police and intelligence arrested two Palestinian minors from the Old City of East Jerusalem. They also handed summons for other Palestinians to appear for interrogation.


Manage your whole site from one screen.
System ...discover Foswiki details, and how to start your own site.
SlideShowPlugin (02 Aug 2008, $Rev: 2742 (2009-02-26) $): Create web based presentations based on topics with headings.