text:
Imelda de' Lambertazzi est un opéra (melodramma tragico) en deux actes, musique de Gaetano Donizetti, livret d'Andrea Leone Tottola, créé le 5 septembre 1830 au Teatro San Carlo de Naples. Avec Anna Bolena, qu'il précède immédiatement, il marque l'inflexion du style du compositeur vers l'opéra romantique.

Histoire
Imelda de' Lambertazzi se situe au  dans le cadre des affrontements des Guelfes et des Gibelins, que Donizetti mettra à nouveau en scène sept ans plus tard dans Pia de' Tolomei. Le sujet est tiré prétendument d'anciennes chroniques bolonaises, mais le librettiste, Andrea Leone Tottola, semble s'être directement inspiré d'une tragédie en cinq actes de Gabriele Sperduti, Imelda (Naples, 1825), dont, selon tous les auteurs, il avait tiré un livret pour un compositeur nommé Sgricci en 1827. C'est semble-t-il ce même livret que Donizetti mit à son tour en musique trois ans plus tard.

Au moment de la composition d'Imelda de' Lambertazzi, Donizetti était installé à Naples depuis sept ans et avait donné seize opéras dans la capitale du royaume des Deux-Siciles, dont plusieurs avaient eu du succès. Il venait de donner au San Carlo, le , Il diluvio universale, qui avait été assez favorablement reçu, mais desservi par la médiocrité des effets spéciaux. Il entreprit la composition de son nouvel ouvrage en mai. Il faisait une chaleur éprouvante à Naples, qui rendait le travail particulièrement difficile.

Pour la création de son opéra, le compositeur pouvait compter en premier lieu sur le baryton Antonio Tamburini qui n'avait pas encore atteint le comble de la faveur auprès du public napolitain mais qui commençait à s'imposer comme le chanteur de tout premier ordre qu'il devait devenir : aussi Donizetti lui confia-t-il le rôle du jeune premier, Bonifacio, dans lequel on aurait plus naturellement attendu un ténor. Le premier ténor du San Carlo, Berardo Calvari Winter, devait faire une belle carrière bien que, selon Bellini, il chantât « comme un chien » : Donizetti lui donna le rôle du frère d'Imelda, Lamberto, personnage brutal et tout d'une pièce. Cela ne laissait que l'autre ténor, Giovanni Basadonna, qui venait d'arriver à Naples, pour tenir le rôle du père, Orlando, alors même qu'il avait à peine 23 ans à l'époque et était donc sensiblement plus jeune que son supposé fils. Mais le principal problème de la distribution se révéla être la prima donna. On dit que Donizetti avait d'abord pensé à Adelaide Tosi, mais il avait dû se rabattre sur la jeune et inexpérimentée Antonietta Galzerani, fille du chorégraphe Giovanni Galzerani. Les moyens vocaux de celle-ci semblaient se détériorer au fur et à mesure des répétitions. C'est probablement en raison des lacunes techniques de la chanteuse que, par exception, Donizetti ne lui donna pas d'aria finale mais seulement un arioso développé. Il écrivit l'ensemble du rôle d'Imelda dans une tessiture inhabituellement grave pour un rôle de soprano, plus proche de celle du mezzo-soprano, et limita strictement les ornements.

La première eut lieu le . L'opéra fut bruyamment sifflé, et les quelques critiques se firent l'écho de la froide réception du public. L'air de Tamburini à l'acte II fut seul à trouver grâce aux yeux des spectateurs. Au demeurant, seulement deux représentations pouvaient être données car les théâtres napolitains fermaient le 10 septembre pour laisser la ville se préparer à fêter son saint patron, Saint Janvier.

Donizetti avait envisagé de faire jouer son opéra à Bologne, où se situait l'action et où lui-même avait fait une partie de ses études sous la direction du père Stanislao Mattei, mais ce projet n'eut pas de suite. En revanche, Imelda fut reprise à Naples en avril 1831 et eut quatre représentations à cette occasion. Antonietta Galzerani avait été remplacée par une chanteuse plus expérimentée, Luigia Boccabadati pour qui Donizetti composa deux airs nouveaux. L'opéra eut quelques autres productions au  : à Venise, à Barcelone en 1840, à La Corogne en 1843 et à Senigallia en 1856. Il disparut ensuite complètement jusqu'au , date à laquelle il fut donné en version de concert à Lugano.

Distribution

Argument
L'action se déroule à Bologne, ville acquise aux Gibelins, et dans ses environs au .
Durée totale : environ 2 h 10 min.

L'intrigue d'Imelda de' Lambertazzi est centrée sur les malheurs de deux amants, Bonifacio et Imelda, que sépare la haine inexpiable entre leurs familles, les Gieremei et les Lambertazzi, et que seule la mort peut réunir. Elle rappelle de près l'histoire de Roméo et Juliette qui, par une étonnante coïncidence, forme la trame de l'opéra de Bellini, I Capuleti e i Montecchi, donné à Venise le , quelques semaines avant que Donizetti ne s'attèle à son Imelda.

Acte I
Durée totale : environ 1 h 10 min.

Premier tableau
Une des places principales de Bologne devant le palais des Lambertazzi.
Durée totale : environ 17 min.

  : Un héraut placarde une affiche qui annonce la fin de la trêve entre Guelfes et Gibelins et appelant la population à prendre les armes. Des habitants, désireux de maintenir la paix, en appellent à Orlando, le magistrat de la ville.
  : Lamberto, fils d'Orlando, apparaît à la tête d'une compagnie armée qu'il vient de recruter. Il parvient à galvaniser la population à la perspective de nouveaux faits d'armes (trio : Ah ! s'oda lo squillo).

Deuxième tableau
Un appartement à l'intérieur du palais des Lambertazzi.
Durée totale : environ 32 min.

  : La fille d'Orlando, Imelda, déplore la brutalité de son frère, Lamberto, car elle aime en secret le chef des Guelfes, Bonifacio Gieremei (cavatine : Amarti, e nel martoro).
  : Ubaldo, officier au service des Lambertazzi, introduit un soldat guelfe venu apporter un message pour Orlando. Tandis qu'Ubaldo part délivrer le message, le soldat, resté seul avec Imelda, relève la visière de son heaume et se fait reconnaître : il s'agit de Bonifacio qui vient supplier la jeune fille de s'enfuir avec lui. Mais celle-ci, consciente de ses devoirs vis-à-vis de sa famille, refuse (duo : Non sai qual periglio) et se retire.
  : Ubaldo revient avec Orlando qui accepte de suspendre les hostilités et de recevoir un émissaire des Guelfes à la condition que leur chef, Bonifacio, reconnaisse qu'il a commis des atrocités.
  : Orlando a l'espoir de parvenir à une paix négociée mais Lamberto, qui les a rejoints sur ces entrefaites, compte faire échouer les pourparlers et pousser les deux camps vers l'affrontement armé. Bonifacio est furieux mais il parvient à se contenir et, sans s'être trahi, se retire pour – soi-disant – transmettre le message à son camp.

Troisième tableau
La cour intérieure du palais des Lambertazzi.
Durée totale : environ 21 min.

  : Orlando, Lamberto et les Gibelins attendent l'envoyé des Guelfes.
  : Ils découvrent avec stupéfaction qu'il s'agit de Bonifacio en personne. Celui-ci exige que lui et ses partisans soient autorisés à rentrer dans Bologne et recouvrent leurs privilèges et propose d'épouser Imelda pour sceller la paix. Mais Lamberto élève toutes les objections possibles à cette union : la mère d'Imelda est morte à cause de Rolandino, père de Bonifacio, qui a également assassiné l'un de ses oncles et fait emprisonner Orlando. Le ton monte de part et d'autre.
  : Entre Imelda qui se désole de voir les deux camps continuer à se déchirer et se fait l'interprète du peuple de Bologne, mécontent et qui désire la paix. Mais Lamberto continue ses provocations tant et si bien que les hostilités sont désormais inévitables.

Acte II
Durée totale : environ 1 h.

Premier tableau
Un appartement à l'intérieur du palais des Lambertazzi.
Durée totale : environ 15 min.

  : Lamberto, qui se doute de l'amour d'Imelda pour Bonifacio, interroge sa sœur. Il lui rappelle les crimes passés de Gieremei et le serment solennel qu'elle a fait de venger la mort de sa mère. Imelda répond que cette vengeance a été consommée lorsque Lamberto a tué le jeune frère de Bonifacio. Lamberto prétend alors avoir tué Bonifacio lui-même. La réaction d'Imelda le confirme dans ses soupçons. Avec cruauté, il lui déclare que si Bonifacio est encore vivant, elle vient de le condamner à mort (duo : Geremei ! Qual nome !).
  : Une lettre de Bonifacio destinée à Imelda a été interceptée par Ubaldo qui vient la remettre à Orlando. Dans sa missive, Bonifacio reconnaît l'impossibilité de leur union et demande à Imelda un rendez-vous d'adieu pour le soir même. Lamberto insiste pour qu'Ubaldo transmette le message à Imelda, mais sans qu'elle se doute qu'il en a découvert et l'auteur, et le contenu.

Deuxième tableau
À la tombée de la nuit dans le bois où bivouaque l'armée des Guelfes.
Durée totale : environ 15 min.

  : Bonifacio retrouve ses compagnons. Il est effondré par l'échec de sa mission de paix (aria : Imelda a me volgea), mais ses partisans affirment qu'ils sont prêts à combattre jusqu'à la mort.

Troisième tableau
Le jardin du palais des Lambertazzi.
Durée totale : environ 13 min.

  : Pleine d'angoisse, Imelda se rend au rendez-vous que Bonifacio lui a fixé, mais elle voit arriver son frère Lamberto. Elle le supplie de la tuer mais d'épargner Bonifacio. Il lui apprend qu'il vient de tuer le père de Bonifacio mais déclare que seule la moitié de la vengeance est ainsi accomplie et lui ordonne d'attendre Bonifacio tandis que lui-même se dissimule en embuscade.
  : Bonifacio arrive et supplie Imelda de le suivre en lui disant que son père les attend à la sortie de la ville. Imelda lui apprend que son père est mort. Il la supplie à nouveau, mais toujours en vain, de s'enfuir avec lui (duo : Deh ! cedi). Déterminé à tuer Lamberto, il met l'épée à la main et sort.
  : Lamberto apparaît tenant à la main un poignard rouge de sang : il explique qu'il a frappé Bonifacio avec cette arme empoisonnée. Imelda, folle de douleur, se précipite auprès de son amant mourant tandis que des bruits de bataille se font entendre au loin.

Quatrième tableau

La place devant le palais des Lambertazzi.
Durée totale : environ 16 min.

  : Lamberto traîne le corps d'Imelda mourante : elle a tenté de sauver Bonifacio en suçant le poison de sa plaie et n'est parvenue qu'à s'empoisonner elle-même. Imelda supplie Orlando de lui pardonner mais il la repousse tandis qu'elle meurt.

Analyse
Dans l'œuvre de Donizetti, Imelda de' Lambertazzi aurait pu, s'il avait été mieux reçu par le public en son temps, marquer un jalon important, car il s'agit d'un ouvrage innovant à plus d'un titre :
 C'est la première œuvre dans laquelle Donizetti rompt franchement – comme l'avait fait avant lui Bellini dans Il pirata (1827) – avec la convention alors en vigueur selon laquelle un opéra devait avoir un dénouement heureux. Non seulement Imelda est l'histoire d'un amour sans espoir, d'une vengeance inexpiable et sans oubli ni pardon, mais il se termine par la mort sur scène de l'héroïne, ce que Donizetti n'avait jamais osé jusqu'alors.
 Musicalement, Imelda rompt aussi avec plusieurs des conventions alors en vigueur en Italie :
 L'ouvrage n'a pas d'ouverture, ni même de prélude, quelques brèves mesures introduisent d'emblée le spectateur au cœur de l'action. Rossini avait, il est vrai, fait de même dans certains des opéras de sa période napolitaine (entre 1815 et 1822), mais chez Donizetti, cette formule ne deviendra véritablement naturelle qu'à partir de Lucrezia Borgia (1833) et Lucia di Lammermoor (1835).
 Le finale de l'acte I ne comporte pas de concertato, comme ce sera le cas pour dans la version initiale de Pia de' Tolomei (1837), d'ailleurs sifflée lors de la première pour cette raison.
 La première version ne comportait pas, comme on l'a vu, d'aria finale pour la prima donna : l'opéra se terminait en moins de dix mesures sur la mort de l'héroïne. S'il y avait à cela, comme on l'a indiqué, des raisons conjoncturelles lors de la première, cela correspondait également à une idée-force de Donizetti. Dans Lucrezia Borgia, il tenta à nouveau de ne pas donner d'aria finale à la prima donna mais dut céder aux instances d'Henriette Méric-Lalande. Dans Torquato Tasso, la prima donna mourait au deuxième acte ce qui interdisait de lui donner la conclusion du troisième : le cas était un peu particulier. Donizetti ne parvint véritablement à supprimer le dernier air de la prima donna que dans Rosmonda d'Inghilterra (1834), qui tomba, et surtout dans Marino Faliero (1835), qui fut bien accueilli.
 Sur le plan stylistique, enfin, Imelda montre une écriture inhabituellement dépouillée d'ornements pour l'époque de sa composition. Cela tient sans doute en partie au fait que trois des interprètes de la création – Galzerani, Basadonna et Winter – étaient peu aptes au coloratura mais avaient, pour ce que nous pouvons en savoir, des voix plus à l'aise dans le registre dramatique. Mais, plus profondément, il s'agit d'une tentative pour accorder davantage la musique à une action d'une intensité dramatique nouvelle, un livret qui court à toute allure vers un sombre dénouement, sans digression ni ralentissement, et qui annonce véritablement le mélodrame romantique : c'est ainsi qu'on ne trouve dans Imelda aucun duo d'amour, ni aucun passage larghetto.

Les commentateurs ont souvent noté que, bien davantage qu'aux ouvrages proprement bel cantistes, c'est à Verdi qu'on songe en écoutant Imelda de' Lambertazzi. Au moment de sa création, c'est un ouvrage qui ne fait aucune concession aux goûts dominants du public, mais qui regarde décidément vers l'avenir : à telle enseigne qu'on a pu évoquer à son propos une œuvre expérimentale. Dès lors, l'échec public qu'il a connu, et que Donizetti dut durement ressentir, apparaît plus compréhensible.

Comme ce fut fréquemment le cas avec ses ouvrages de jeunesse, comme avec ceux qui échouèrent, Donizetti recycla une partie de la musique d'Imelda de' Lambertazzi dans d'autres opéras :
 la cabalette du duo de l'acte I entre Imelda et Bonifacio – écrite originellement dans un registre de baryton et de mezzo-soprano – se retrouve, transposée pour ténor et soprano à l'intention de Giuditta Pasta et Giovanni Battista Rubini, dans la section finale du nouveau duo introduit dans Anna Bolena ;
 le chœur qui commence le finale de l'acte I, Della cittadino al dritto, fut transféré d'abord dans Ugo, conte di Parigi (1832) comme chœur introductif avec des paroles différentes (No, che in ciel de' Carolingi) et ensuite dans Parisina comme simple tempo di mezzo ;
 le prélude orchestral du duo de l'acte II entre Imelda et Lamberto fut également transféré dans Ugo, conte di Parigi, la clarinette étant remplacée par le hautbois, et de là dans Il furioso all'isola di San Domingo (1833).

Productions notables

Discographie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Sources
  Jeremy Commons, « Imelda de' Lambertazzi », 2007, in : livret de l'enregistrement Opera Rara ORC 36,
  Piotr Kaminski, Mille et un opéras, Paris, Fayard, coll. Les indispensables de la musique, 2003

Liens externes
  Livret intégral (en italien)

Opéra italien
Opéra en italien
Opéra créé à Naples
Opéra de Gaetano Donizetti
1830 en Italie
Opéra des années 1830
Livret d'Andrea Leone Tottola


Overall regional flexible funding. Various private donors.
Labour insertion, entrepreneurship support, campaign against xenophobia (State/PRM).
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Trainings and coordination mechanisms (State/PRM).
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- I am in the process of creating a new website and it has been like learning an entirely new language! It feels like it will take forever to get it up and running, but..
The post-surgery fog is lingering. Things aren't clicking at a usual pace and I have been mindlessly forgetting appointments and other scheduled events. If I have blown you off in the past week, I kindly ask your forgiveness. It's a miracle I came up with the idea for these delicious little pizza bowls the other day. I said to the boys, "I have a dinner idea for tonight that I think you are going to LOVE!"
I love spending time in coffee shops and I love that I have smelled like coffee all day.
I finished editing photos from the last wedding I photographed, which is a great feeling.


This past Friday marked 41 years of service to Peiffer Machine and its customers for Bob Boltz, the "original" Peiffer employee. Forty-one years! Who among us can imagine a career that spans that amount of time with one employer?
On February 6, 1974, "Bobby" was hired by the founder (and original owner) of Peiffer Machine, Mr. Paul Peiffer. Eighteen years old at the time, having recently graduated from high school and vo-tech, Bobby sought full-time employment from Mr. Peiffer after his cousin's construction business (where Bobby worked as a carpenter) slowed dramatically. Mr. Peiffer, knowing Bobby from church and seeing that he was "good with his hands", agreed to take the young apprentice under his wing. At the time, Bobby was one of three employees in the shop. Shortly thereafter, Mr. Peiffer sold his business to Robert ("Bob") Ressler, who ensured that all three employees continued in service for the company.
In a brief "interview" about this noteworthy anniversary, Bobby shared some of his thoughts on his work at Peiffer…. Not surprisingly, some things have changed, while others have remained the same.
When asked about the "early days" at Peiffer, Bobby noted that most jobs in those days were "in house", meaning that machines were worked on at Peiffer (as opposed to Peiffer working at customer facilities). Bobby recalled that Mr. Peiffer purposely "bid high" on jobs requiring work "on the road", as he desired to grow the business for "in house" work, and thus grow the business itself. Mr. Peiffer regularly scheduled his employees for ten-hour work days, with 5:30 a.m. being the regular start time.
With amazing accuracy, Bobby can recall dates for each of the company's physical changes and building projects, the most dramatic (he felt) being the construction of the "high bay" in 1982, which greatly expanded the company's capacity for accommodating large rebuild/repair projects in-house, including the addition of a 30-ton crane and drive-through doors for large tractor trailers ferrying machines to and from the Peiffer shop.
Through the 80's, the workload grew, as "word of mouth" about the value of working with Peiffer spread among companies. Bobby credits this phenomenon with making Peiffer what it is today: well-respected in the industry for quality workmanship. Peiffer customers were still mostly local/regional, from Baltimore to Philadelphia, from York to Waynesboro, with occasional jobs in New Jersey and New York.
About the work itself, Bobby said emphatically that "it's still the same; we still do today what we did back then – fitting things, restoring accuracy". Oh sure, he acknowledged, technology and types of machines have advanced – we've moved from strictly manually operated machines to CNC and multi-axis machines with all different kinds of controls. And now we have lasers to help with alignments!
When asked about why he has stayed at Peiffer for so many years he said: "I like what I do…. it's challenging and rewarding at the same time." He admitted that the work can be frustrating, as well, but when you conquer that challenge and can say to yourself, "I got that fixed!", that is a great reward, both personally and from a corporate standpoint, too. Bobby thinks THIS is why Peiffer is so well known – i.e. that our team consistently works through challenges to achieve successful outcomes for our customers.
Forty-one years of "fussy"…. we can all aspire to that.


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text:
HMS Temeraire was one of three  dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She spent almost her whole career assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets. Aside from participating in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 and the inconclusive action of 19 August, her service during World War I generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea.

Temeraire was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in October 1918 and she supported Allied forces in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea after the war ended in November. The ship was deemed obsolete and was reduced to reserve when she returned home in early 1919 and was then used as a training ship. Temeraire was sold for scrap in 1921 and broken up the following year.

Design and description
The design of the Bellerophon class was derived from that of the revolutionary battleship , with a slight increase in size, armour and a more powerful secondary armament. Temeraire had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . She displaced  at normal load and  at deep load. In 1909 her crew numbered 681 officers and ratings and 729 in 1911.

The Bellerophons were powered by two sets of Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving two shafts, using steam from eighteen Yarrow boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of  and were intended to give them a maximum speed of . During Temeraires sea trials on 5 March 1909, she reached a top speed of  from . The ship carried enough coal and fuel oil to give her a range of  at a cruising speed of .

Armament and armour
The Bellerophon class was equipped with ten breech-loading (BL)  Mk X guns in five twin-gun turrets, three along the centreline and the remaining two as wing turrets. The centreline turrets were designated 'A', 'X' and 'Y', from front to rear, and the port and starboard wing turrets were 'P' and 'Q', respectively. The secondary, or anti-torpedo boat armament, comprised 16 BL  Mk VII guns in single mounts. Two of these guns were each installed on the roofs of the fore and aft centreline turrets and the wing turrets in unshielded mounts, and the other eight were positioned in the superstructure. The ships were also fitted with three 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one on each broadside and the third in the stern.

The Bellerophon-class ships had a waterline belt of Krupp cemented armour that was  thick between the fore and aftmost barbettes. The three armoured decks ranged in thicknesses from . The main battery turret faces were  thick, and the turrets were supported by  thick barbettes.

Modifications
The four-inch guns on the forward turret roof were transferred to the superstructure in 1914 and the guns from the wing turrets were remounted in the aft superstructure in 1914–1915; all of the four-inch guns in the superstructure were enclosed to better protect their crews. In addition, a single three-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft (AA) gun was added on the former searchlight platform between the aft turrets. Shortly afterwards, the guns on the aft turret were removed as were one pair from the superstructure. Around the same time another three-inch AA gun was added to the aft turret roof.

By May 1916, a fire-control director had been installed high on the forward tripod mast and approximately  of additional deck armour was added after the Battle of Jutland. By April 1917, Temeraire had exchanged the three-inch AA gun on 'Y' turret for a four-inch gun and the stern torpedo tube had been removed. In 1918 a high-angle rangefinder was fitted and the four-inch AA gun was moved to the quarterdeck. After the war ended, four secondary guns were removed to provide extra space for naval cadets and both AA guns were dismounted.

Construction and career

Temeraire was named after the French 74-gun ship of the line Téméraire that had been captured in 1759, and was the fourth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy. The ship was ordered on 30 October 1906 and was laid down at HM Dockyard, Devonport on 1 January 1907. She was launched on 24 August 1907 and completed in May 1909. Including her armament, her cost is variously quoted at £1,744,287 or £1,751,144. On 31 July 1909 Temeraire was taking part in a Royal Review of the Fleet at Spithead when an accident with a 4-inch gun injured three men, one of whom later died. Temeraire was commissioned on 15 May 1909 and assigned to the 1st Division of the Home Fleet under the command of Captain Alexander Duff. She participated in combined fleet manoeuvres in June–July and was then reviewed by King Edward VII and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia during Cowes Week on 31 July. Captain Arthur Christian relieved Duff on 25 October. Temeraire was refitted in 1911 at Devonport and then took part in the Coronation Fleet Review for King George V at Spithead on 24 June 1911. Christian was relieved in his turn by Captain Reginald Allenby on 12 August. The 1st Division was renamed the 1st Battle Squadron (BS) on 1 May 1912. The ship was present in the Parliamentary Naval Review on 9 July at Spithead and then participated in manoeuvres in October. On 5 April 1913 Captain Cresswell Eyres assumed command of the ship. The squadron visited Cherbourg, France in July. Eyres was relieved by Captain Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair on 1 September.

First World War

On 15 July 1914, Temeraire was transferred to the 4th Battle Squadron and took part in a test mobilisation and fleet review between 17 and 20 July as part of the British response to the July Crisis. Arriving in Portland on 27 July, she was ordered to proceed with the rest of the Home Fleet to Scapa Flow two days later to safeguard the fleet from a possible German surprise attack. In August, following the outbreak of the First World War, the Home Fleet was reorganised as the Grand Fleet, and placed under the command of Admiral John Jellicoe. Most of it was briefly based (22 October to 3 November) at Lough Swilly, Ireland, while the defences at Scapa were strengthened. On the evening of 22 November, the Grand Fleet conducted a fruitless sweep in the southern half of the North Sea; Temeraire stood with the main body in support of Vice-Admiral David Beatty's 1st Battlecruiser Squadron. The fleet was back in port in Scapa Flow by 27 November. On 16 December, the Grand Fleet sortied during the German raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby, but failed to make contact with the High Seas Fleet. Temeraire and the 4th BS conducted target practice north of the Hebrides on 24 December and then rendezvoused with the rest of the Grand Fleet for another sweep of the North Sea on 25–27 December.

Jellicoe's ships, including Temeraire, conducted gunnery drills on 10–13 January 1915 west of Orkney and Shetland. On the evening of 23 January, the bulk of the Grand Fleet sailed in support of Beatty's battlecruisers, but they were too far away to participate in the ensuing Battle of Dogger Bank the following day. On 8 February, Captain Allen Hunt relieved Alexander-Sinclair. On 7–10 March, the Grand Fleet made a sweep in the northern North Sea, during which it conducted training manoeuvres. Another such cruise took place on 16–19 March. On 11 April, the fleet patrolled the central North Sea and returned to port on 14 April; another patrol in the area took place on 17–19 April, followed by gunnery drills off Shetland on 20–21 April.

The Grand Fleet swept the central North Sea on 17–19 May and 29–31 May without encountering any German vessels. Temeraire was refitted at Devonport in mid-1915 and rejoined the 4th BS in August. On 2–5 September, the fleet went on another cruise in the northern end of the North Sea and conducted gunnery drills. Throughout the rest of the month, the Grand Fleet was performing numerous training exercises before making another sweep into the North Sea on 13–15 October. Almost three weeks later, Temeraire participated in another fleet training operation west of Orkney during 2–5 November.

The fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force of cruisers and destroyers to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. Hunt was relieved in his turn by Captain Edwin Underhill on 3 March. Another sweep began on three days later, but had to be abandoned the following day as the weather grew too severe for the escorting destroyers. On the night of 25 March, Temeraire and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. By the time the Grand Fleet approached the area on 26 March, the British and German forces had already disengaged and a strong gale threatened the light craft, so the fleet was ordered to return to base. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Imperial Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. The fleet returned to Scapa Flow on 24 April and refuelled before proceeding south in response to intelligence reports that the Germans were about to launch a raid on Lowestoft, but only arrived in the area after the Germans had withdrawn. On 2–4 May, the fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North Sea.

Battle of Jutland

In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, and supporting ships, departed the Jade Bight early on the morning of 31 May. The fleet sailed in concert with Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper's five battlecruisers. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. In response the Admiralty ordered the Grand Fleet, totalling some 28 dreadnoughts and 9 battlecruisers, to sortie the night before to cut off and destroy the High Seas Fleet.

On 31 May, Temeraire was the fifteenth ship from the head of the battle line after deployment. During the first stage of the general engagement, the ship fired five salvos from her main guns at the crippled light cruiser  from 18:34, claiming two or three hits. At 19:17, the ship fired seven salvos at the battlecruiser , but did not make any hits. About ten minutes later, Temeraire engaged several German destroyer flotillas with three salvos from her main armament without result. This was the last time that the ship fired her guns during the battle. She received no damage and fired a total of 72 twelve-inch shells (all high explosive) and 50 shells from her four-inch guns during the battle.

Subsequent activity
The Grand Fleet sortied on 18 August to ambush the High Seas Fleet while it advanced into the southern North Sea, but a series of miscommunications and mistakes prevented Jellicoe from intercepting the German fleet before it returned to port. Two light cruisers were sunk by German U-boats during the operation, prompting Jellicoe to decide to not risk the major units of the fleet south of 55° 30' North due to the prevalence of German submarines and mines. The Admiralty concurred and stipulated that the Grand Fleet would not sortie unless the German fleet was attempting an invasion of Britain or there was a strong possibility it could be forced into an engagement under suitable conditions.

The Grand Fleet sortied on the afternoon of 23 April 1918 after radio transmissions revealed that the High Seas Fleet was at sea after a failed attempt to intercept the regular British convoy to Norway. The Germans were too far ahead of the British, and no shots were fired. In October, Temeraire and her sister ship, , were transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, commanded by Vice-Admiral Sir Somerset Gough-Calthorpe. They were part of the squadron that entered the Ottoman capital, Constantinople, on 13 November, following the Armistice of Mudros. A month later, Gough-Calthorpe tasked Temeraire to provide a crew for the , which had been turned over to the Allies by the Germans after the Armistice of 11 November. On 13 February 1919, Captain Francis Caulfeild relieved Underhill. The ship remained in the Black Sea and Ottoman waters until 3 April, when she departed for home, having visited Sevastopol, Russia, and Haifa, Palestine, during her deployment.

Upon her arrival at Devonport on 23 April, Temeraire was reduced to reserve as she was thoroughly obsolete in comparison to the latest dreadnoughts. Five months later, to the day, she recommissioned as a cadet training ship and began her first training cruise to the Mediterranean on 8 October. Upon her arrival at Portsmouth on 11 April 1921, the ship was relieved of her duty and she sailed for Rosyth, Scotland, four days later to be listed for disposal. She was sold to the Stanlee Shipbreaking & Salvage Co. for scrap in late 1921 and was towed to Dover for demolition in February 1922.

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Maritimequest HMS Temeraire Photo Gallery
 Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project - HMS Temeraire Crew List

Bellerophon-class battleships
World War I battleships of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Plymouth, Devon
1907 ships

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The PREREQUISITE to taking this Bottom lash and Eyebrows extenions advance training course is to already be an experienced Eyelash technician. Beginner Lash technicians will have a very difficult time trying to learn this technique. We strongly suggest this class to certified technicians only. There are many people calling themselves Eyelash trainer these days. However Eyelash Canada only recognize a few as having similar training standards and quality products as ours. We will accept Certificates from the following Eyelash Companies only.Lavish Lash, Nova Lash, Envogue Lash, Xtreme Lash, Misencil, Please note that we do not accept Certificates from one day eyelash seminars. We will add more Eyelash Training Schools to this list as soon as we can verify their training methods.
You will learn to apply bottom lower lash extensions. This is a very unique type of eyelash extensions that was developed by Yvette Spencer back in 2007. Being such a perfectionist Yvette continued to practice until 2010 when she felt that she had perfected the art of applying Bottom lash extensions. So in 2010 Yvette added Bottom lash extensions to her intensive training program. While all other eyelash companies bashed this new technique client popularity kept growing.Now many eyelash extensions technicians across Canada and USA trained and Certified by Yvette Spencer can now offer Bottom lash extensions to their clients.
Eyebrow Extensions is the very next amazing invention by Yvette Spencer since 2007. You will be absolutely amazed when you see how natural and beautiful these Eyebrow extensions look. Eyebrow extension technique is similar to eyelash extensions process as an existing eyebrow hair is extended with synthetic, mink or silk strand to make your brows look fuller. Eyebrow extensions is perfect way to camouflage scars within the eyebrow, give fuller and darker look to light or over plucked eyebrows. With eyebrow extension we can create new shape, darker color, and natural fullness. The client must have eyebrow hairs to attach extensions to as we never attach it directly to the skin.
In this class you will be taught how to design the eyebrows using only extensions. We DO NOT attach extensions to the skin, because sweat and the naturals oils produced by the skin will make them fall in a day or two. This is a skill that requires proper instructions. please don't be fooled by some Youtube videos that show technician sticking extensions to to skin. Your clients will return the very next day for a refund when they all fall off. You will be able to give your clients a fuller set of Eyebrows. You will also learn how to give your clients bottom eyelash extensions that will look full and natural without using mascara.
All students need to bring a model to work on.
Your model should come in with natural eyebrows. Please DO NOT wax or tweeze prior to the class, reshaping the eyebrow is a part of this class.


The undersigned respectfully petition the bishops of the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB) to remove the New American Bible (NAB) translation from the CCCB website and to reinstate a translation based on the Vulgate, such as the Douay-Rheims Bible (DR) for all readings and gospels for masses in Canada.
The undersigned acknowledge that that the Catholic Church is not, and should not be a democracy. This petition is not intended in any way to be a demand. We are signing this petition only to bring this matter to the attention of our bishops.
It is impossible for any Bible translation to improve upon the Vulgate. Unfortunately, a poor attempt to do so was attempted with the NAB, which was first published in 1970. Since then the readings and gospels at mass in Canada have been based on this new translation.
The Church has always believed that how we pray affects what we believe. The Gospels and readings read at mass are how we pray. They affect how we believe.
Unfortunately many of the translations in the NAB undercut Catholic theology. Many of the footnotes dismiss the historicity of the sayings and events in scripture.
This most certainly affects the way we pray. It accordingly affects the way we believe.
Among the many problems with the NAB are that the numbering of the Psalms were changed from the traditional numbering. Also, two of the Books of Kings were renamed to Samuel. The spelling of proper names were changed.
However, Biblical Criticism is condemned by the magesterium of the Catholic Church.
Pope St. Pius issued another encyclical, Lamentabili Sane, which was a syllabus of errors of modernists and Biblical criticism.
Incredibly, the NAB footnote says that Jesus didn't really say what is attributed to Him in the Gospel.
In stark contrast,the NAB says,"So there are three that testify" 1 John 5:7. Why the change? Biblical criticism!
This verse has always been cited as an insinuation of the Holy Spirit and the Trinity in the Old Testament.
In doing this, the NAB undercuts the scriptural basis of the Hail Mary: One of the most important prayers in Catholicism.
Instead of translating using the word "virgin," the NAB uses the phrase, "young woman." How could a "young woman" being pregnant be a "sign?" That would just be the norm. The NAB translation makes this verse nonsensical.
Instead of Jesus asking his mother what it has to do with both of them, the NAB says "how does your concern affect Me?" making it sound as if Jesus rebuked his mother, which is inconsistent with the character of Jesus.
Catholics have always believed that it is the Blessed Mother who will crush the head of the serpent.
"Her" is changed to "their" but oddly "heel" remains "singular and not the plural "heels".
Perhaps the worst part of the NAB is the footnotes.
St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, and the First Council of Lyons all said that this verse was one of the many scriptural evidences of purgatory.
Not only does this footnote conflict with the Church's teaching, but it compounds the situation by referring to a "notion" of purgatory as if the existence of Purgatory is not dogma.
The Catholic Encyclopedia also cites this verse as evidence of the Bosom of Abraham.


text:
Moviegique
I Go To The Movies More Than You
2011-June-23 blake
What do you get when you mix Paranormal Activity with Saw? A subtle, spooky ghost story where everyone falls into a wood chipper at the end!
No, actually, you get Insidious, which The Boy pronounces "a really good horror movie" after pointing out that most horror movies suck. I reminded him of Sturgeon's Law but I think he figures horror movies beat the average for suckiness. (I can't argue, and they were way worse when I was his age.)
This is a marvel of a film, really. It combines the chills and tension of the Paranormal movies with the grit and suspense of Saw—and it's PG-13. It's also gore-free, which tells you something about the PG-13. The Boy has a bit of an aversion to PG-13 as a rating (but I don't really check).
I'm not going to talk about the story because there are some nice twists you don't usually see.
Patrick Wilson (Watchmen, Hard Candy) plays the feckless dad, Rose Byrne the mom. (We've seen Byrne three times in the past two weeks, with the other two being Bridesmaids and X-Men: First Class.) Barbara Hershey, who's had her own problems with the supernatural in the past (i.e., repeatedly raped by a ghost in The Entity) looks both remarkably well-preserved and slightly odd in a way that to me detracted from her actual acting.
Fundamentally, this is an "old, dark house" movie, a lower-budget and much lower key Poltergeist. The effects (not special effects, just horror effects) build quickly and keep coming, with only a few clunky points. A few conventions are subverted and the audience—a typical summer horror movie audience full of obnoxious teens—was a little more shrieky and even subdued at (a few) moments than with your average horror.
Where the movie is weakest is in the dialog about what exactly is going on. As cheesy as Poltergeist was, it dealt in familiar terms of lost souls and the afterlife—though it did substitute cheesy pseudo-science for religion (as does Insidious). This movie deals in terms of astral projection, which is okay, but refuses to say "Hell" when it clearly means Hell.
The actual main boogen is weak, too, though it's really only on screen for a few frames, it bears a remarkable resemblance to a villain in a late vintage science-fiction franchise.
Overall, a very successful outing made for a paltry $1.5M, which says something about something.
This hits the sweet spot for audience appeal, too, I'd say: If you like the Paranormal and Saw franchises, you'll like this. If you liked Saw but not Paranormal, you'll probably like this (unless you were just there for the torture). If you like Paranormal but not Saw, I'd say it's almost certain you'll like this.
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Toby on Cliffhanger (1993)
blake on Weiner
blake on Godzilla: King of the Monsters
Darth Randall on Godzilla: King of the Monsters
RKinRoanoke on Alien (1979)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Supergirl är en brittisk science fiction-action-äventyrsfilm som hade biopremiär i Storbritannien den 19 juli 1984, i regi av Jeannot Szwarc med Helen Slater och Faye Dunaway i huvudrollerna.

Handling
Kal-El:s, (Stålmannen), kusin Kara Zor-El tvingas lämna som hemplanet Krypton eftersom en kraftkälla har stulits av Selena. Hon kommer till jorden för att leta reda på sin kusin Kal-El och få hjälp av honom. Under tiden klär hon ut sig till en vanlig skolflicka för att lära sig den nya världen. Selena är en ondskefull häxa som tänker använda kraften till att bli universums härskarinna. Stålflickan måste lyckas förgöra Selena, med eller utan Stålmannens hjälp, och återför kraften hem till Argo City innan det är för sent.

Om filmen
Filmen är inspelad i Wexham, Buckinghamshire i England samt i Chicago, Illinois och Manhattan i New York, USA. Den hade Sverigepremiär den 8 februari 1985.

Rollista (urval)
 Faye Dunaway - Selena
 Helen Slater - Kara Zor-El / Supergirl / Linda Lee
 Peter O'Toole - Zaltar
 Hart Bochner - Ethan
 Mia Farrow - Alura
 Brenda Vaccaro - Bianca
 Peter Cook - Nigel
 Simon Ward - Zor-El

Externa länkar

Brittiska filmer 1984
Brittiska science fiction-actionfilmer
Brittiska äventyrsfilmer
Stålmannen på film
Superhjälte-filmer
Filmer baserade på tecknade serier
Filmmusik av Jerry Goldsmith
Engelskspråkiga filmer
Filmer från TriStar Pictures

ja:スーパーガール (DCコミックス)#劇場映画


text:
Paycheck Protection Program lending delivered in communities of all kinds
The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) today said recently released data show that community banks are the unequivocal leaders of the U.S. economic recovery due to their outsized role as providers of Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) small-business loans.
According to the Small Business Administration data, community banks:
Were the predominant PPP lenders, serving 57.5 percent of all PPP recipients and 48.1 percent of all U.S. small businesses with 2.8 million loans.
Supported underrepresented small businesses, providing most loans to minority-owned (72.6 percent), women-owned (71.5 percent), and veteran-owned small businesses (63.4 percent).
Served communities of all kinds, making PPP loans in 98.2 percent of low-income or economically distressed counties, 96.6 percent of rural counties, and 92.4 percent of urban counties.
Had the faster turnaround times among lenders, processing PPP loans five to 10 days faster than other PPP lenders.
Saved jobs in critical areas of the economy, with nearly half of the 33.7 million jobs they saved part of the accommodation and food services, health care and social assistance, retail trade, and manufacturing sectors.
"The Paycheck Protection Program data clearly demonstrate community banking's leading role in the nation's economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic," ICBA President and CEO Rebeca Romero Rainey said. "As American consumers and small businesses in urban, suburban, and rural communities grapple with historic challenges, they can rest assured that their local community bank is there for them every step of the way."
ICBA and community bankers continue calling on Congress to advance needed PPP reforms in the next stimulus package.


In some instances, government regulations or other clients facing particular conditions, desire consumer data to be maintained locally. However, operating an entire platform is neither desired nor practical.
An ideal compromise is a hybrid solution where servers are distributed enabling consumer information to be held in the jurisdiction while processing servers are delivered from TECS PCI-certified, European data centers.
Learn more about all possibilities.


Research Barnwell Business Ethernet Internet Instantly Online!
To obtain a Business Ethernet Internet Quote for your business in Barnwell County, give us a call at (888) 765-8301 or use our online quote South Carolina Metro Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet price tool (on the left) to get an initial estimate on Ethernet over Fiber and Ethernet over Copper in Barnwell. Once we receive your information we'll give you a call to discuss your individual Ethernet Bandwidth request.
Why use businessethernetinternet.com for your Online Barnwell Ethernet Network Research?
Our Barnwell Business Ethernet Internet tool does the shopping for you.
Other types of telecommunications services that may be available in your area are Barnwell County Ethernet over Copper Broadband, Ethernet over Fiber Internet, Ethernet over Coax, Ethernet Private Lines, Cable Internet, Bonded Cable, ADSL, SDSL, Bonded DSL and traditional DSL Bandwidth service in SC.
Select the Barnwell County, Business Ethernet Internet price plans that interest you.
A Barnwell Business Ethernet Internet consultant will contact you to discuss the details of the Barnwell County Business Ethernet Internet, confirm pricing, and assist you with the signup process.


Jeanne Blackman was appointed Town Manager on July 2nd, 2013 by the Mayor and Town Council and is responsible for all operations of the Town in accordance with policies and directives set forth by them.
The Town Manager oversees all Town employee operations and serves as a liaison between our elected officials, residents and local businesses in our community. The Town Manager also serves on a number of Metro Phoenix and West Valley committees and organizations representing our community on a number of important regional issues.


Rock salt also called Halite; is a natural crystalline sodium chloride mineral which rates as one of the most important natural resources that is used during winter. You can find rock salt on dinner tables but we are discussing about the larger and coarse salt used for deicing roads, pathways and motorways.
Rock salt reduces the freezing point of liquid on the roads and hastens the melting process. Before it can be effective, it needs to be crushed and dissolved by vehicles. The road grits also have to be careful not to grit early so the mineral does not fall on a dry road and be swept off by the wind or traffic. If they grit too early, the road's surface starts to freeze making it unsafe for people to drive but if they do it on time, the salt can be spread on the surface of the road and the melting process begins.
During the winter season we are faced with a lot of safety problems on paved surfaces. Salt is the most popular product used around the world for melting ice. The good thing about using rock salt for melting ice is that you do not need to apply so much for the ice to get melted; a small amount of rock salt will weaken the ice allowing it to be easily removed by other methods. Most people prefer to spread a mixture of rock salts and salt on roads during times of forecast snow and ice to help make the traction of vehicles better.
Most times people enquire about where they can get this salt. At Rock Salt USA, we offer the supply of rock salt to any part of the country. All you need is to contact us, or place an order and we will have it delivered to you.


text:
Q: Getting probability greater than 1? Consider a random walk starting at a positive integer $k$. Now, trying to calculate the probability of returning to zero (from $k$), I did the following:
\begin{align}
P&(\text{returning to zero})  \\
&=P(\text{returning to zero in } k\text{ steps})  \\
&\quad+ P(\text{returning to zero in } k+2\text{ steps} )  \\
&\quad+ P(\text{returning to zero in } k+4\text{ steps} ) \\
&\quad+\cdots  \\
&=\Bigl({1\over 2}\Bigr)^k  \\
&\quad+\Bigl({1\over 2}\Bigr)^{k+2}{k+2\choose 2}  \\
&\quad+\Bigl({1\over 2}\Bigr)^{k+4}{k+4\choose 4}  \\
&\quad+\cdots  \\
&=\Bigl({1\over 2}\Bigr)^k\sum_{j=0}^\infty\Bigl({1\over 2}\Bigr)^{2j}{k+2j\choose 2j}
\end{align}
Now as I put some numbers in Desmos, it is very clear that this evaluates to greater than $1$. Clearly, I've made some mistake.

A: Clue :
$P$(Returning to zero in $k+2$ steps) should be $(\frac12)^{k+2}(k+1)$
Returning to zero in $k$ steps can only be done by taking the path $$k, k-1, \dots, 0$$
Returning to zero in $k+2$ steps can only be done by deviating exactly once from the '$k$ steps path'. So it's something like $$k, k-1, \dots, n, n+1, n, \dots, 0$$
There are $k+1$ integers between $0$ and $k$, leading to the result stated on top.
Now, if the walk is also allowed on the negatives, then there are $k+2$ possible deviations, because you can also go : $$k, \dots, 0, -1,0$$
But it's never ${k+2 \choose 2}$
I hope this was helpful.

A: Your first mistake is that the number of ways to walk from $k$ to $0$ in $k+2j$ steps should be $\binom{k+2j}j$, not $\binom{k+2j}{2j}$.
Furthermore, in order to have the probabilities of the events sum to $1$, the events need to be disjoint, so the event where you return to $0$ in $k+2j$ steps must be exclude returning to $0$ at any previous time. You want to find the probability of returning to $0$ for the first time in $k+2j$ steps.
In order to return to $0$ for the first time in $k+2j$ steps, you need to move from $k$ to $1$ in $k+2j-1$ steps without reaching $0$, then step down. To calculate the number of ways to do this, you need to use a clever trick called the reflection principle.
Here's how the reflection principle works. Let us instead count the "bad" paths from $k$ to $1$ with a length of $k+2j-1$ which do reach $0$ at some point. If you take such a bad path, and negate each of its steps after the first point it reaches $0$, then it turns out you get a path from $k$ to $-1$ with a length of $k+2j-1$. Furthermore, this process is reversible; given any path from $k$ to $-1$ with a length of $k+2j-1$, if you negate each of the steps after the first time the path reaches $0$ (which must exist), then you get a "bad" path from $k$ to $0$. Therefore, the number of bad paths is just the number of paths from $k$ to $-1$, which is
$$
\binom{k+2j-1}{j-1}
$$
Therefore, the number of good paths is the total number of paths from $k$ to $1$ minus the number of bad paths, so
$$
\binom{k+2j-1}{j} - \binom{k+2j-1}{j-1}=\frac{k}{k+j}\binom{k+2j-1}{j}
$$
Finally, we multiply the number of paths by the probability $(1/2)^{k+2j-1}$ of each path occurring, times an extra $1/2$ to account for the final down step to move from $1$ to $0$. The result is
$$
P(\text{reaching $0$ for first time in $k+2j$ steps})=\left(\frac12\right)^{k+2j}\cdot\frac{k}{k+j}\binom{k+2j-1}{j}
$$
You can check that this series converges, though you will find it converges quite slowly (the sum of the first million terms is $\approx 0.998307$).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


the observatori: TdA Stage 17. Who Let the Dogs Out?
155km. Desert Camp to Bush Camp.
Started with a fabulous group this morning. Carrie, young-adam, peter-the-plumber, henry, Jorg, Bas, Steve. Peter-the-plumber treated us to a little song on the ride. Who Let the Dogs Out. It's not the type of song that you would normally expect to hear from a man in his mid-60s, but it was awesome (and so is his new moustache!). I will forever think of his 'WHO? WHO? WHO?' when I hear that tune again.
I mysteriously flatted and Jorg helped me out. Checked the tire, but it seemed that the culprit escaped. As soon as we were caught up to the group, the gravel/dirt began and we dropped the rest. Peter rode with us for a bit and then dropped.
Things heated up a lot again in the afternoon. Hydration was really tough when the temperature climbed over 40 degrees. But the winds were fair and it was manageable and we tried to be mindful to take care of ourselves. And the scenery was cool. We went through a few little towns. There were signs of life outside of the towns. It felt like we were seeing more of Africa. And the road conditions were variable, ranging from corrugated dirt to near-perfect tarmac and that was cool, too, because it kept us on our toes.
I ended up with a second flat (other wheel). Again, no culprit to be found. Jorg helped me (again) and we were quickly on our way. We eventually caught Scott and Henry and shared the load for the rest of the stage. While this group normally would have had regular rotation for pulling, that simply wasn't an option today. Everyone was hurting a bit. We would just take what we could and then pass it to the next person. There was no talking. There was no need for talking. At some point, body language, cadence, etc. told us everything that we needed to know. Sure, I like when we can chat. But I also really liked this experience today. We shared the challenge together and we needed each other and it felt good. It was real.
And, for the record, it is really cool to ride with guys who are ok with a girl contributing equally or sometimes less or sometimes more. It seems so obvious that this should be the case, but it is not always that way. I'm really grateful to have such respectful riding partners here.
For the second day in a row, I rode a bit with Dennis (currently 3rd place). Although most people would take that to mean that he's having a bad day, I prefer to think of it as an indication that I'm having a really good day. And I felt like it was a good day. Despite two flats, I really enjoyed today's ride. Not everyone did though. The heat took it's toll and a number of people jumped in the sweep truck. One guy had to take three intravenous rehydration bags. Ouch!
Bush camp is nice. It's like desert camp, but with a few thorny bushes and less sand. It is still in the middle of nowhere. There is an irrigation canal right next to camp, which saved a few of us from near sunstroke. It is the sort of water that I wouldn't dream of going in at home. And it probably would be cleaner at home. I guess this trip is helping me to chill the f'k out. Or maybe I'm going to get some kind of parasite and go home early.
I put on a new seatpost and I'm excited to try it tomorrow. It's a cane creek thudbuster, which provides suspension at the seatpost level. A few people here have them and swear by them. Tomorrow is mostly offroad (corrugated dirt), so I figure it will come in handy!
TdA Day 11. Safely in Sudan!


text:
The state Department of Transportation said the agency would be inspecting bridges, but had no reports of damage.
The USGS said it received reports of people feeling the shaking from Vancouver to near Wenatchee, Washington.
The Northwest is especially prone to earthquakes. The most recent large one to shake the Seattle area occurred in 2001, when a 6.8 magnitude quake happened just north of Olympia, Washington. That quake caused some injuries and widespread damage, including to the air traffic control tower at Sea-Tac Airport.
Further south along the Pacific coast, a magnitude 4.9 aftershock of last week's Southern California earthquakes was felt widely in the region on Friday morning. There have been thousands of aftershocks of the magnitude 6.4 earthquake on July 4 and the 7.1 quake that occurred the next day.
David Caruso, a USGS geophysicist, told The Seattle Times the Washington state quake was due to a thrust fault, in which one side of a fault pushed upward relative to its opposite side. Such quakes are common in the Cascade Mountain range.
Caruso said the Northwest quake had no connection to the recent earthquakes in California.
Presidential hopeful Gov. Jay Inslee speaks on clean energy jobs in Bellingham
The economic impact of tribal gaming in Washington state
Bellingham police searching for armed robbery suspect near Bellis Fair Mall
By Denver Pratt
Bellingham police are searching for a suspect who allegedly robbed the Rite Aid on Telegraph Road near Bellis Fair Mall.
Man awaiting trial on child porn charges reportedly seen pointing gun at cars on I-5
Downtown business open after Wednesday's fire, despite damage in the 'thousands'


inCharge Classic is the original inCharge, the smallest keyring cable in the world, designed by Rolling Square in 2014 and launched through crowdfunding. At just 1.5 inches when closed, you won't even remember it's on your key. Until you need it.


Get inspired by Turner floor, an instant eye‐catcher for your next project. Inspired by Tina Turner's dance moves it has an art deco shape with the possibility of rotating its arcs into the desired position so that you can create your favorite composition at any time. Turner floor is a unique modern corner lamp, ideal for hotel design projects, it will fit naturally in a lobby entrance or in a lounge area. The large arcs are made of brass and the semi‐spherical top cover of aluminum.


Google Now gets 'Now On Tap' feature – Siri 2.0 on iOS 9 is getting smarter, and Google has ensured that its arch-rival, Google Now, will get a facelift in the new Android OS version as well. The best addition to the mobile digital assistant's features is 'Now On Tap' – which allows users to access Google Now services simply by long-pressing the 'Home' tab on their devices (irrespective of where they are, and what application(s) they might be using). Like Apple's Siri, the new and improved Google Now would also have the capacity to 'understand' people's commands better, and provide a more intuitive experience.
Opening links from apps becomes easier – The beta preview of Android M has already been seeded to app development experts, and according to reports, the new platform handles app links more efficiently than before. The OS has the capacity to understand whether a link should be opened within an app, or in the mobile browser – unlike in previous Android versions, where a popup used to be generated for this. Deep-linking within Android applications is also facilitated with the help of additional autoVerify attributes (to be included by developers).
App Drawer gets redesigned – Although the first look of the app drawer in Android M has drawn some flak, it has the potential to make things simpler for final users – especially those who have loads of apps installed on their devices. The rather awkward horizontal scrolling system has been ditched in favor of the easier vertical scrolling (it used to be present till the 2nd generation of the Android platform). People would find the apps that they use more frequently in the top row of the drawer, while the alphabetical arrangement has also become more systematic. Android developers feel that the searchability feature of the revamped app drawer will also come in handy.
Android Pay expands its range – The poorly received Google Wallet is not going to be discontinued anytime soon, but the focus of those up top at Mountain View has clearly shifted to upgrading and popularising Android Pay. With Apple Pay off to a fairly fast start, Android Pay has a bit of catching up to do – but going by the promised features, it should prove to be a more-than-decent mobile payments platform. Built-in with the Android M OS, Android Pay will be compatible to any Kitkat (or later)-powered devices that has near-field communication (NFC) support. In the United States, Android Pay will be usable at nearly 800000 stores, with American Express, Discover, Mastercard and Visa cards being supported. It remains to be seen which one wins the Apple Pay vs Android Pay tussle – but contactless payments technology is going to get a boost, that's for sure.
Custom Tabs arrive in Chrome – Dave Burke's announcement of Chrome Custom Tabs being a feature of the Chrome browser in Android M met with enthusiastic response at Google I/O 2015. Android app developers have confirmed that the Custom Tabs allow better and faster access of web services for users, directly from the applications they are using. If a link is tapped in an app, the screen that opens matches the design and feel of the application – which retains an air of familiarity. The Chrome Tabs would also 'remember' the login information of users, ensuring that people do not have to go through the process of signing in each time.
Uninstalling/Moving apps is simpler – Remember how you had to go to 'Settings' on your Android phone, and remove apps from there (as and when required)? Well, Google has made the task simpler in Android M. All that users will have to do is bring the application to be removed on the home screen (drag-and-drop), and then uninstall it. The same principle works for moving the location of any application from one folder to another. Customization has always been a high point of the Android ecosystem (something that cannot still be said about iOS), and Android M looks to build on that further.
Arrival of the Doze Mode – Anyone who owns a smartphone (any OS) would know the unavoidable problems of battery life. The Doze Mode, which would be present in Android 6.0, should, hopefully help in increasing the battery performance of handsets significantly. When a device is not being used for some time, it goes into a long-standby (think of it like a 'deep sleep') – which does away with unnecessary battery-wastage. Particularly for Android smartphones with non-removable battery, the Doze Mode will be helpful for extracting just that bit more of battery juice. Don't hope for a five-fold increase in battery life though!
Greater user-orientation in app permissions – Professionals from mobile app companies who have already checked out the developer preview feel that this is one of the best features of Android M. The existing system of app permissions has been tweaked around – and users will now be asked for permissions whenever an app tries to access any phone feature. In essence, the app permissions structure has been broken down into separate categories. This promises a smoother app-using experience and, more importantly, greater security while using third-party applications.
MicroSD cards to get native support – Android KitKat removed it, Lollipop brought it back, and 'M' will increase it. We are talking about the native support for external storage options on Android handsets – which will ensure that data stored on microSD cards will be treated just like the items saved in the internal storage of handsets. Users will be able to seamlessly transfer apps and other software to and from the expandable memory. Interestingly, the Samsung Galaxy S-series phones no longer have external storage options. Many developers are of the opinion that this is another proof of the growing differences between Google and Samsung.
Charging will be faster – At least it should be. Along with better battery performance (thanks to the presence of Doze Mode), Android M phones will be quickly chargeable as well, since the newest iteration of the platform will have in-built support for USB Type-C charging. What's more, other compatible devices can also be charged by connecting to smartphones running on Android M. Users would certainly like not having to tag along their phone chargers with them all the time!
Standardized fingerprint scanning – Right from unlocking devices and accessing Android apps, to authorizing purchases and enhancing the security of Android Pay – the beefed up fingerprint reader of Android M will serve multiple purposes. All devices with fingerprint scanners in the hardware setup will get this standardised support. This feature would help in authenticating app downloads from the Google Play Store too. The number of devices with this fingerprint scanning feature is expected to increase over time.
Presence of new Do Not Disturb feature – Android M comes with high-level granularity, with 'Do Not Disturb' being the most important addition in the 'Notification Priorities & Downtime' standards of the platform. For specific events, users can turn off all notifications for a certain period of time, while setting up separate 'quiet hours' for different days of the week is also an option. Owners of new Android phones will get to see only the notifications they want to…and if they so want during any period, no notifications at all. The sliding heads-up notification feature can also be turned off in Android M.
Sharing becomes faster and easier – The revamped 'Share' menu option in Android 6.0 will include the names of the people with whom you share stuff (photos, documents, web links) on a regular basis. This, in turn, will make the entire sharing process less cumbersome and time-consuming. In addition to this 'Direct Share' feature, software experts and Android app developers have pointed out the floating toolbar (for copying/pasting) and the word selection tool as extremely useful. Android M will support direct A2DP Bluetooth streaming as well – yet another powerful boost to the sharing capability.
Customization option in the pull-down bar – The pull-down notifications bar offers fast access to a vast range of settings and modes – and on Android M, the position of these settings can be personalized as well. The System UI Tuner of the operating system will allow users to remove items from the Quick Settings list of the notifications bar as well. Shortcuts that get removed in the developer preview version cannot be replaced in any way though. When the OS is finally launched, this would be added.
New RAM manager – On Android M-powered devices, finding a rogue app that is hogging too much of memory space, or causing excessive battery drain, will be a breeze. There is a dedicated RAM manager present in the OS, that rates individual applications as 'average' or 'good' – based on the amount of memory it takes up. In the developer preview of Android M, the RAM Manager can be seen under Settings → Apps → Options → Advanced. The Memory Manager of Android will get more informative with this RAM manager now in place.
Android M will support tethering speeds (for broadcasting signals) of up to 5GHz, a considerable increase over the 2.4 GHz supported by the earlier versions. Volume control has become more personalized, with three different sliders for adjusting notification alerts, music volume and mobile alarms. Android developers have also hailed the provision of automatic app backups that the latest version of the platform will provide. For those who do not dig the bright white default interface of Android Lollipop, there's some good news – Android M will allow users to switch over to a dark theme (in the developer preview, it can be activated by tapping Settings → About Phone → Build Number (7 times)). Settings and Google Settings are no longer separate, which is a relief for many too.
The Android M developer preview has been made available on Nexus Player, and the Nexus 5, 6, and 9 devices. The final release is expected to happen sometime in September this year. The adoption rate of Android 5.0 Lollipop is still way below 15%, and it remains to be seen whether Android 6.0 packs in enough punch to become more popular. It certainly seems like having the potential to do so!


Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is a form of counseling. It is intended for people whose lives are intertwined with addicted persons. These people are called Concerned Significant Others (CSO). This model refers to the addicted person as the Identified Patient (IP). The CSO is typically a family member. However, it can be any person whose life is affected by someone else's addiction. This might include boyfriend, girlfriend, and unmarried life partners. CRAFT has three goals: 1) improve the life of the CSO, 2) reduce the IP's addictive behavior, and 3) influence the IP to begin addiction treatment. The primary mechanism of change is the CSO's behavior toward the IP.
CRAFT relies on well-researched behavioral principles. Most people find these principles to be rather common sense. If you reward a behavior, it will most likely increase. Similarly, if a behavior is not rewarded (ignored) or it has a negative consequence associated with it, then the behavior is likely to decrease.
Although every situation is different, the general direction of CRAFT is for CSOs to learn to: 1) ignore using behavior, 2) reward non-using behavior, and 3) discontinue enabling. Enabling refers to the well-intended removal of negative natural consequences that would ordinarily serve to decrease a behavior. For instance, suppose an IP came home drunk, and passes out in the front yard, in his own vomit. It would be tempting for the CSO to go out, help her husband make it inside the house, and proceed to wash him up. The next day he'd have such a hangover that his wife might call his boss and say he has the flu. These well-meaning gestures would be enabling because they remove several, natural and unpleasant consequences from occurring. Imagine instead if the wife (CSO) did nothing (except something medically necessary). The next day, the husband (IP) would eventually awake with a severe hangover. He is lying in his front yard, covered in vomit. One negative consequence is embarrassment. All his neighbors drove off to work seeing him out there like that. Similarly, the IP must drag himself inside, deal with the disgusting task of cleaning himself up. He must also call his boss, all while dealing with a hangover.
Robert Meyers, Ph.D. at the University of New Mexico (Meyers & Wolfe, 2004) developed CRAFT. Typically, therapists meet with one or more CSOs for 12-16 sessions. In order for this therapy to be effective, CSOs should have daily contact with the IP. Ideally, they live with the IP. IP's typically begin their own addiction treatment about half way through the CSO's treatment. As the CSO change their behavior, it prompts the IP to changes theirs by starting treatment.
The underlying principle of CRAFT is that in order to change someone else's behavior, you must first change your own. However, this is not always an easy thing to do. Unfortunately, some CSO's are so angry with the IP that they become unwilling to participate in a type of treatment that requires them to change. It's quite common for CSOs to feel righteous indignation when we ask to them to change. They do not consider themselves the one with the problem. Yet, you most certainly have a problem if you are in a relationship with an addict! CRAFT helps CSO's to understand that even though they are not responsible for the addiction, they can be very helpful by promoting recovery.
You should not confuse CRAFT with the term "Intervention." Intervention became popular because of a reality TV show of the same name. The show has a standard format. Family members and friends form an alliance to confront the addicted person with the aid of a "professional." The ultimate goal is to get the addicted person to agree to go to treatment. This staged alliance and confrontation is termed an "intervention."
These sensationalized TV "interventions" may be harshly confrontational. They often involve some form of deception to trick the unsuspecting addicted person into attending such an unpleasant event. Thus, these interventions are certainly not voluntary. Therefore, they may be harmful rather than helpful.
In contrast, CRAFT is not confrontational, nor does it involve any deception. Across several studies, CRAFT is approximately three times more effective than "interventions" at getting IPs into treatment (Meyers & Smith, 2004). Interventions in turn are slightly more effective than Al-Anon at getting IPs to attend treatment. Al-Anon is 12-step approach for helping people in relationships with alcoholics to "detach with love." There are other -Anon programs specific to certain addictions. They are all based on the 12-step approach to recovery. The emphasis of -Anon programs are for CSOs to stop focusing on the behavior of the addicted person. Instead, they focus on their own behavior. Anon participants help each other to practice self-care. Simultaneously, they allow the addicted persons to enter recovery in their own way.


Izek Jere is the forth-born of five boys. He grew up in Woodlands, a middle-to-upper class suburb in Lusaka. Following the untimely death of his father, his family relocated to Mtendere compound. This was a very difficult change for Izek; at the young and impressionable age of 13, he now found himself out of his element and surrounded by a much rougher crowd. There was a lot of pressure to drink and be sexually active.
Izek had always been a good student and loved going to school, in part because he could hang with his best friend, Vernon. While Izek and Vernon were friends in school, outside of school they were two different people. Vernon was sexually active, often involving himself in risky behaviors. In 1998, he became very sick and stopped coming for school. Eventually, his family took him to the village and he died within a week. Izek was struck and saddened that such a youthful and talented friend was gone so suddenly.
A few months later, Vernon's mom invited Izek over. She had always liked and respected Izek and decided he needed to know the true cause of her son's passing. Vernon had died of HIV/AIDS. At the time, there was still not much talk of the disease and there was also enormous amount of stigma attached. For this reason, Vernon's family had decided to keep it a secret.
Izek's life was forever changed. He decided at that moment that he had to fight for his friend. He wanted to do what he could to make sure other young people didn't follow the same road.
AD also opened many doors for Izek. He had the opportunity to represent AD at a conference with Seeds Of Hope, a non-governmental organization, to work on the memory book project enabling OVCs (orphaned and vulnerable children) to express themselves through art. He was also asked to be amongst the group of peer educators to pre-test the curriculum for Grassroots Soccer (GRS), an organization that uses sports to teach life skills. The program proved successful and so Izek began working more with GRS as they expanded their work in Zambia. Eventually, Izek was hired as program assistant and soon promoted to his current position of program coordinator. With a salary in hand, Izek was able to take himself back to school and he went on to complete a diploma in social work with a foundation in IT.


this Friday, June 15th, 18:30-20:30.
Where are children's minds on the continuum of consciousness?
Yogic tradition sees the mind as having many layers. While usual adult consciousness stems from highly developed intellectual and material levels, children's awareness exists primarily in other subtler realms. From these realms comes much wisdom and particularly unique insights.
We will look at these levels of consciousness and discuss examples of how children teach and guide us as much as we teach and guide them.
The presentation will be in English, given by Didi Ananda Uttama, a yogic nun in Ananda Marga and a former homebirth midwife.
Didi ran the NeoHumanist Center in Marousi for 7 years and now works with mothers and children in several different Mediterranean countries.
In order for the presentation to take place, a minimum of participations is required, so you are kindly asked to confirm your attendance. We will contact you again for final confirmation.


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Optics 101
Liquid Crystals - What are Liquid Crystals and How They Are Used to Construct LCDs
Written by AZoOpticsOct 20 2007
What are Liquid Crystals
Types of Liquid Crystals
Nematic Liquid Crystals
Smectic Liquid Crystals
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Creating an Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid Crystal Display with Ability to Show Colors
Materials can be divided into three different phases depending on the mobility of individual molecules or atoms. This is also known as the states of matter. The well known states of matter are solid, liquid and gaseous states. While the three states of matter seem distinct, the boundaries between solid, liquid and gaseous state are not always clear. An example of this is a gel, which is not completely a solid, and neither a liquid.
Liquid crystals are another example which shows features from both the liquid phase and a solid state. Liquid crystals are made up of organic molecules that tend to be elongated or rod-shaped. The molecules are oriented arbitrarily when subjected to high temperatures.
Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals. Thermotropic liquid crystals show a phase transition into the liquid crystal phase when there is a change in temperature. Lyotropic liquid crystals exhibit phase transitions as a function of mesogen concentration in a solvent as well as temperature.
Under certain conditions, the organic molecules display orientational order due to their elongated shape such that all the axes line up. This is commonly referred to as nematic liquid crystal. The orientation of the molecules and therefore the optical properties of the materials can be controlled by the application of an electrical field. Nematic liquid crystal is the most commonly employed phase in LCD or liquid crystal displays.
Positional order is also possible, not just orientational order. Smectic liquid crystals are liquid crystals that display some positional order. The molecular centers of mass in smectic are organized in layers and the movement is restricted inside the layers. Smectic phases are found at lower temperatures than the nematic.
There are three phases associated with smectic liquid crystals. The molecules are arranged along the layer normal in Smectic A phase. In Smectic C phase, the molecules are tilted away from the layer normal. There are also tilted phases like in Smectic I and Smectic F that has hexatic in-plane ordering.
Particular interest has been shown regarding the tilted phases of chiral molecules, since it possess permanent polarizations, which results in it being ferroelectric. Ferroelectric liquid crystals can respond much more quickly to applied fields than nematics. Therefore ferroelectric liquid crystals can be used to manufacture fast bistable electro-optic devices called Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals.
Properties and Applications of Photonic Crystals
ForthDD Announces Research Partnership for FLCs Used in Display Markets
Liquid Lens - An Introduction to Liquid Lens
Surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals are being studied throughout the world and they form a basis for the development of phase plates, high-resolution color displays and optical shutters.
In order to create a liquid crystal display, two pieces of polarized glass is required. A polymer, which creates grooves at a microscopic level in the surface, is rubbed on the side of the glass that does not have on it a polarizing film. It is imperative that the direction of the polarizing film must be the same as the direction of the grooves. One of the filters is then coated with the nematic liquid crystals.
The presence of the grooves will make the molecules of the first layer to align to the orientation of the filter. A second piece of glass containing the polarizing film at a 90¢X angle to the first piece is added. Each successive layer of twisted nematic molecules will eventually twist until the uppermost layer is at a 90¢X angle to the bottom matching the polarized glass filters.
The light is polarized as it hits the first filter. The molecules guide the light from one layer to another. As the light passes through the liquid crystal layers, the molecules also change the plane of vibration of the light to match their own angle. When the light reaches the far side of the liquid crystal substance, it vibrates at the same angle as the final layer of molecules. If the final layer is matched up with the second polarized glass filter, then the light will pass through.
If an electrical current or electric charge is applied to liquid crystal molecules, the molecules will untwist. When the molecules straighten out, they change the angle of the light passing through them; as a result it no longer matches the angle of the top polarizing filter. Therefore, no light can pass through that area of the LCD, which makes that area darker than the surrounding areas.
It is important that for a LCD to show colors must have three subpixels with red, green and blue color filters. These color filters are used to create each color pixel. Through careful control and variation of the applied voltage, the intensity of each subpixel can result in over 256 shades. By multiplying 256 shades of red and blue and green, it is possible to produce a palette of 16.8 million colors. These color displays take an enormous number of transistors are used to display these colors. If there is a problem with any of these transistors, it creates a so-called "bad pixel" on the display. Most active matrix displays have a few bad pixels scattered across the screen.
Source: AZoOptics
Do you have a review, update or anything you would like to add to this article?
Private Feedback to AZoOptics.com
Infrared Imaging: Needs and Challenges
Jason Palidwar
In this interview, AZoOptics talks to Jason Palidwar, Product Group Manager at Iridian Spectral Technologies, about infrared imaging and the optical filters Iridian can provide
Head-Up Displays: System Benefits from 2D to AR
Matt Scholz
In this interview Matt Scholz, Automotive Business Leader At Radiant Vision Systems, discusses Head-Up Displays, their benefits and where the future of the technology may lie.
Using Virtual Reality (VR) for Training Scenarios
Alex Harvey
Reality in Virtual Reality Limited (RIVR) is a developer of Virtual Reality (VR) assets in both photo-realistic and 360 video virtual reality experiences.
Shop Floor Surface Inspection with 4D InSpec Surface Gauge
Surface inspection for defects on the shop floor can be achieved with the 4D InSpec surface gauge.
From 4D Technology
FlowCam® 8000 Series for Particle Analysis
FlowCam® 8000 Series for digital imaging and microscopy from Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc.
From Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc.
VPH Transmission Gratings from Wasatch Photonics
VPH transmission gratings deliver high efficiency, low polarization dependence, and uniform performance over broad bandwidths and large clear aperture.
From Wasatch Photonics, Inc.
1 World's Fastest Optical Neuromorphic Processor for Artificial Intelligence
2 New Photonic Processor Could Revolutionize Artificial Intelligence
3 New Semiconductor Detector can Identify Radioactive Isotopes with High Resolution
4 Teledyne Photometrics' New Technical Note Explores Key Factors of Scientific Imaging Quality
5 World-Class Lidar Crowd Analytics Partnership to Transform Smart Spaces
Using Optical Metrology for Large Optics in Telescopes
From 4D Technology 7 Jan 2021
Fiber Analysis and Flow Imaging Microscopy
From Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc. 23 Oct 2020
How to Correctly Choose Your Raman Excitation Wavelength
From Wasatch Photonics, Inc. 26 Nov 2020
Efficient 1.5 W CW and 9 mJ Quasi-CW TEM00 Mode Operation of a Compact Diode-Laser-Pumped 2.94 µm Er:YAG Laser
From Sheaumann Laser, Inc. 8 Oct 2020
Advanced Alloys
AZoOptics.com - An AZoNetwork Site


Strengthen your customer loyalty, by building trust.
Do you know what it takes to build trusting relationships with your customers?
We can do this through specific actions and behaviors. When we know which of these are most effective, we set the stage for a rewarding, long-term association. So, which behaviors should we focus on, and which must we avoid?
Professors Laurent Georges and Paolo Guenzi created the Customer Trust Model and published it in their 2008 paper, "Interpersonal Trust in Commercial Relationships: Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Trust in the Salesperson."
From "Interpersonal Trust in Commercial Relationships: Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Trust in the Salesperson" by Laurent Georges and Paolo Guenzi, May 2008.
"Twitter" is a trademark of Twitter, Inc. (see www.twitter.com). "LinkedIn" is a trademark of LinkedIn Corporation. (see www.linkedin.com).


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Power And Politeness
China's response to border problems with Nepal is in contrast to India's postures
Written by Yubaraj Ghimire | Published: March 21, 2017 12:37:42 am
Nepalese students shout slogans against the Indian government near the Indian Embassy in Kathmandu, Nepal, March 10, 2017. (Source: AP)
More than ten years ago, Shiv Shankar Menon, then a foreign secretary designate, was taken aback, when during a visit to Kathmandu, an Indian journalist queried him about incidents of misbehaviour by the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) towards ordinary people, mostly Nepalese. The journalist wanted to know if the Indian government was going to take cognisance of the incident.
Menon, known for his cool temperament, silenced the journalist with a not-so-polite response. "You have made your point, but if you want to make a statement, face the camera and do so," he said.
Journalists may not have raised the issue with the authorities after that, but allegations of atrocities and misbehaviour by the SSB are routinely narrated by "victims" — ordinary passers-by — from both sides. The issue has figured in meetings of officials from both countries often, but has never been fully addressed. The matter is again being debated after an incident last week in which an ordinary citizen, Govinda Gautam, 32, was allegedly shot and killed by an SSB personnel in Kanchanpur district.
The Indian embassy in Kathmandu initially denied the incident, but retracted its statement after the National Security Adviser, Ajit Doval, expressed his regret in a telephonic conversation with the Nepali Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal. Conflicts between the Nepali and Indian side over construction activities, and SSB interventions, are reported routinely.
Nepal and India share an open border of around 1,750 km. Demographic similarities, marriages between the people of the two nations and the free movement of persons are, however, not without their problems. According to Nepal's prominent surveyor, Buddhi Narayan Shrestha, border disputes have remained unresolved for decades in at least 71 places, and worn-out border pillars are taking longer than planned to be replaced.
"We have already sorted out the border issues in 98 per cent of the cases. But the problems at two major areas, Susta and Kalapani, remain to be sorted out," says a senior government official, who added that the Kanchanpur incident should not be linked with the border dispute.
Of course, border dispute between neighbouring countries are not unusual. But both during the Kanchanpur incident and other episodes of border disputes, a large section of the Nepali media and opinion makers seem to suggest that both sides should follow, "what China did in similar circumstances."
In June 1960, after a Nepali was killed by a Chinese security personnel in Mustang along the border with Tibet, China promptly apologised and also apparently paid compensation to the victim's family. "We have had border problems with China. But the Chinese Premier Chou En Lai said we must sort out the border issue in our lifetime. We should not let it pass on to the next generation because doing so would create an emotive problem," recalls former Prime Minister Kirti Nidhi Bista. The problem was sorted in the late 1960s.
Nepal-India relations are passing through a volatile phase that has been compounded with the political chaos in Nepal. The Kanchanpur incident took place at a time when the differences over the contents of the Nepali Constitution are likely to snowball into yet another phase of unrest with the United Democratic Madhesi Front.
This could have grave implications for Nepal's Maoist-Nepali Congress coalition government as well as the local bodies election scheduled for May 14.
In September 2015, Nepal suffered a nearly five-month-long blockade when India chose to endorse the demands of the Madhesis. This caused enormous hardship and shortages in the country and anti-India sentiments rose to unprecedented levels. The government, led by K. P. Oli, also the chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist Leninist, identified itself with that sentiment, and drifted
towards China, signing trade, transit and other treaties with long-term implications. The replacement of the Oli government by the Maoist-Nepali Congress coalition may delay the execution of these treaties, but backing out from them looks very unlikely.
China has been making increasing inroads into Nepal and of late, it has emerged as the biggest foreign direct investors in the country. It's increasing say in Nepal's politics has come at the cost of the clout India once used to enjoy in Kathmandu. Oli joined the recent chorus over the Kanchanpur incident in criticising India and asking it to tender an apology, like the one tendered by the Chinese premier in 1960. Oli rushed to Kanchanpur and handed over a sum of Rs 5,00,000 to the father of Gautam, who has since been declared a "martyr" by the Nepal government.
Nepal and India relations have been through many ups and downs, but the Kanchanpur incident shows that sentiments and building trust at the border level, and a favourable government machinery are absolutely crucial in establishing and maintaining good relations between the two sides .
yubaraj.ghimire@expressindia.com
For all the latest Opinion News, download Indian Express App
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Q: Add a link in comment of accepted answer notify follow up? In this post I was softly corrected for adding a link to a follow-up question to the question body of an old answered question.
If jimmy123 has been helpful in answering my first question, should I add a link in the comments of his accepted answer that will alert him of my new question?
Since he was so helpful and is familiar with the context of my question, I want him to have the first crack at the points for my 2nd accepted answer. I want to be loyal. Without being noisy.
Please advise.

A: Personally I don't think you should solicit help from people explicitly. This is likely why there isn't a way to contact someone directly/privately. I have seen several scenarios where people get pestered by certain individuals to help them solve their new problem because they were helpful before. Let them come to you. IMHO.


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Home » NEWS » Marshall Islands Is Officially Crypto Enabled
Marshall Islands Is Officially Crypto Enabled
The Marshall Islands made its own cryptocurrency, doing away with the US dollar in March, but is unclear as yet if the island's banking system is ready to adopt it, reports The Verge.
Politically, the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, with the US providing defence, subsidies, and access to US-based agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and the United States Postal Service.
Although the new cryptocurrency, the sovereign (SOV), has now officially displaced the US dollar as the official currency, it appears likely that the country's 53,066 population will continue to use the dollar until banks and credit companies put in place a framework for the currency's use.
"As a country, we reserve the right to issue a currency in whatever form it is, whether in digital or fiat form," said David Paul, minister-in-assistance to the president of the Marshall Islands talking to Reuters earlier this year.
Hilda C Heine, the country's president, was quoted in Finance Magnates as saying, "This is a historic moment for our people, finally issuing and using our own currency, alongside the USD. It is another step of manifesting our national liberty." The new SOV will have multiple positives, she suggested:
"The RMI will invest the revenues to support its climate change efforts, green energy, healthcare for those still affected by the US nuclear tests, and education. In addition, SOV units will be directly distributed to citizens."
Although the presale has not been announced officially as yet, the initial offering is reported to be capped at 24 million tokens as a precaution against inflation. The Marshall Islands now joins Venezuela which launched its own national cryptocurrency, the Petro, recently, mainly as a bridge across US sanctions, with US citizens under a presidential ban from investing in it. The bolivar is still in use in the hyperinflated nation.
Several governments, including China, Estonia, Iran, Sweden, and Russia have discussed plans for their own digital currency.
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