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Fraud Eats Strategy
Scott Moritz
Join us to hear about crime families, penny stock boiler rooms, international money launderers, narco-traffickers, oligarchs, dictators, warlords, and kleptocrats. The Fraud Eats Strategy series is the distillation of experiences, whether it's an accounting scandal, arrests, search warrants, loss of market cap, or all of those things at once – one thing is sure. Failure to consider fraud and corruption risk can upend your strategy and lead to disaster.
Human Trafficking is Everyone's Problem: Steps that Organizations Can Take to Disrupt Human Trafficking
Human trafficking is the fastest-growing transnational crime with more than 25 million people held in forced labor and sexual exploitation. As if these numbers aren't horrifying enough, 10 million of those trafficked people are children, and yet rarely are US organizations focused on human trafficking's impact on their operations, much less society as a whole. In fact, most of us consider human trafficking to be a problem occurring in developing countries and that there are more pressing issues that should demand our attention and compliance resources. That false narrative is part of what makes human trafficking so difficult to counter.
Investigation Challenges: The More Things Change, the More They Stay The Same
Host Scott Moritz was a guest speaker at the October NAVEX Next Virtual Conference joined by Gregory Coleman, a former FBI colleague, to discuss established investigation techniques and how some of these practices have changed in recent times. For more information visit: FraudEatsStrategy.com
Navigating the Steps of an FCPA Investigation - Part 2
In Part 2 of this series we continue the conversation of how to bring order to the chaos of the early days of an FCPA investigation. For more information visit FraudEatsStrategy.com
Bringing Order to the Chaos: Navigating the Steps of an FCPA Investigation
In part 1 of this Fraud Eats Strategy series, we discuss how to bring order to the chaos of the early days of an FCPA investigation and avoid mortgaging the company's future in the process. For more information visit FraudEatsStrategy.com
The Anatomy of a Ransomware Attack - Part 2
In part 2 of this series, we continue to discuss the tools that cybersecurity teams use to combat ransomware attacks. For more information visit FraudEatsStrategy.com
Ransomware is a type of malware used by criminal organizations to gain unlawful access to computer networks and encrypt the data stored on those networks and render it unusable. The criminal organization then holds the data hostage until a ransom payment is made. If the ransom is not paid, the victim organization's data will either remain encrypted and unusable or it could be released to the public. For more information visit FraudEatsStrategy.com
The 3 Regulatory Mandates Banks Fear the Most: Monitorships, Lookbacks and KYC Remediations
Monitorships, transaction lookbacks and KYC remediations are the equivalents of a regulatory vote of no confidence. They can be incredibly disruptive, painful and can cost millions of dollars to implement. They are extreme measures that are taken when regulators have seen no improvement in succeeding regulatory exams or sometimes happen without warning when a criminal investigation reveals how an institution was at the center of a large scale money laundering or dollar clearing criminal enterprise and their anti-money laundering or sanctions compliance program and the controls underlying them failed in spectacular fashion. These epic anti-money laundering failures lead regulators to conclude that the existing program was so ineffective it is highly likely that suspicious activity, possibly a great deal of suspicious activity, has been going on undetected and unreported for a period of years. For more information, visit FraudEatsStrategy.com
Operationalizing Compliance
This episode features special guest Tom Fox, founder of the Compliance Podcast Network and Author of The Compliance Handbook: A Guide to Operationalizing Your Compliance Program.. Click the link for 20% off of your purchase. The discussion focuses on the guidance compliance officers can use as roadmaps when architecting their Ethics & Compliance programs and anti-bribery and corruption compliance programs specifically the document Evaluation of Ethics and Compliance Programs authored by then DOJ Compliance Consultant Hui Chen published in 2017.
Investigations for Non-Investigators: Holding Down the Fort
Internal investigations often are conducted by company personnel who may not have investigative backgrounds. While that is a common scenario and perfectly appropriate, there are certain dos and don'ts that non-investigators should know about to avoid missteps that could undermine the investigation and limit its effectiveness. For more information visit: FraudEatsStrategy.com
Pawns, Goofs, Collaborators and Lone Wolves: An Examination of Insider Threats
In this episode, we're going to discuss insider threats. The term means different things to different people. Broadly, the term refers to any person or entity who has trusted insider access behind an organization's firewall or inside their secure perimeter. "Insiders" include employees, officers, contractors, temporary workers, and certain categories of vendors and suppliers that either have unescorted access to an organization's physical premises or who perform some type of important software or network function and have been granted administrator access to the organization's network. All insiders pose a potential threat. It is a matter of degree and whether they have an inclination to abuse their position of trust. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Keeping Criminality Out of the Casino
Las Vegas has come to symbolize the commercialization of gambling. Casino gaming has become an extension of the global hospitality and tourism business While the mob may not be the factor it once was, criminals are still attracted to casinos and as a result, illicit money still finds its way into casinos banks despite their devotion of considerable compliance and anti-money laundering resources designed at keeping it out. Financial crisis aside, casinos are the most profitable and desirable centerpieces of global hotel and casino gaming empires. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Destigmatizing Whistle-Blowers: The SEC's Office of the Whistleblower 10 Years In - Best Practices for Companies in a Brave New World
The passage of Dodd-Frank represented a major overhaul of U.S. financial regulations. Among the Act's most notable achievements were the creation of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Office of the Whistleblower and the SEC Whistleblower Program. In its short, 10-year history, the SEC Whistleblower Reward Program has been extraordinarily successful in enabling the SEC to root out securities fraud and protect investors. Since the inception of the SEC Whistleblower Program, the SEC has paid more than $900 million in awards to whistleblowers resulting in more than $3.5 billion in financial remedies. According to the SEC Whistleblower Program's 2020 Annual Report, the SEC is tracking over 1,100 matters in which a whistleblower's tip has caused a Matter Under Inquiry or investigation to open. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
The Return of the Road Warrior: What to Expect from the Resumption of Business Travel
In this episode, we're going to discuss the resumption of business travel and what that means to all of us. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Brazil is not for Beginners: Operation Lava Jato Part 2
Part 2 of this episode series continues the deep dive into Lava Jato or Operation Car Wash, the largest and most complex corruption investigation in the history of Brazil. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Fixing Brazil: Operation Lava Jato and How it Has Forever Changed Latin America
In this episode, we're going to discuss Lava Jato or Operation Car Wash - the largest and most complex corruption investigation in the history of Brazil which to date has spread to 11 countries, mostly in Latin America. When the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development – the OECD – published the Foreign Bribery Report in 2014 examining corruption enforcement across the world, Brazil was credited with zero corruption prosecutions. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Part 2 - A Recap of The First 30 Episodes
When we launched the "Fraud Eats Strategy" podcast, we promised to explore organized crime, boiler rooms, money launderers, warlords, kleptocrats and fallen CEOs, and the companies that have been damaged or destroyed through their criminality. Throughout the first 30 episodes, we hope that you have seen these efforts and enjoyed the content! For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Fraud Eats Strategy - First 30 Episodes Recap - Part 1
When we first launched the "Fraud Eats Strategy" podcast series, we promised to explore organized crime, boiler rooms, money launderers, war lords, kleptocrats and fallen CEOs, and the companies that have been damaged or destroyed through their criminality. In the first 30 episodes, I like to think we've delivered on that promise. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Raising the Board's Compliance IQ: Meeting Increased Compliance Expectations
Beginning in November 2012 with the publication of A Resource Guide to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (commonly referred to as the FCPA Resource Guide), the U.S. Department of Justice and the Securities Exchange Commission have regularly been publishing useful and informative guidance on the elements of effective compliance programs and the Department and the Commission's expectations. Following the publication of the FCPA Resource Guide, the DOJ Fraud Section published another important document in February 2017 entitled "Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs". It has been updated twice since then in 2019 and again in 2020. The FCPA Resource Guide was also updated in 2020. These two documents are the primary desk references used by federal prosecutors to examine whether a company they are investigating has an "effective compliance program". Because of that, it is incumbent upon board members and C-suite executives to be familiar with these documents, und…
The Achilles Heel of FCPA Compliance: Bribe-Paying Third Parties
Rarely do we hear or read about the names of third-party bribe payers or the names of their companies. Global companies, particularly those who ship products internationally or rely on third-parties in other ways to bring their products and services to market, are heavily reliant on virtual armies of third-party intermediaries to operate internationally. They are a necessary evil who can act on an organization's behalf, represent them in the marketplace and potentially trigger significant liability under the FCPA, sanctions or anti-money laundering laws. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Chasing Bernie's Billions: Part 2
Part 2 of the special edition episode we continue the discussion of the most comprehensive and successful financial investigation and asset search in history; The Madoff Ponzi Scheme. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Chasing Bernie's Billions: An Examination of the Largest Asset Recovery Effort in History - Part 1
Arguably there is no more major a case in modern history than the Ponzi Scheme perpetrated against thousands of victims for more than three decades by the notorious Bernie Madoff. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
How Transparent is the Corporate Transparency Act
On April 3rd, 2016, information about 214,488 offshore companies established by Panamanian law firm Mossack Fonseca was leaked. Since the Panama Papers leak, a total of 81 jurisdictions worldwide have passed laws requiring beneficial ownership to be registered with a government authority. The U.S. Government has been openly critical of countries that act as money laundering safe havens and yet we were not taking any steps toward transparency. That changed on January 1, 2021 when both houses of Congress passed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, which includes the Corporate Transparency Act (the Act). The Act requires a report be filed with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) that identifies each beneficial owner of an applicant forming a reporting company. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Examining Siemens' Remarkable Turnaround Pt. 2
In the second part of this series, we discuss some important work my guests are involved with at the IBA's Subcommittee on Non-trial Resolutions of Foreign Bribery Cases regarding the growing international use of settlements to resolve anti-corruption cases. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
From Systemically Corrupt to Above Reproach: Examining Siemens' Remarkable Turnaround
In 2006, Germany-based Siemens was ranked 22nd on the Global Fortune 500 with revenues of $100 billion. It was a global leader and one of the world's most admired companies. Until November 16, 2006 when the Munich Police Department raided Siemens corporate offices and several subsidiaries based on whistleblower allegations of bribery and misuse of funds. This Munich Police Department investigation triggered a global corruption investigation which revealed that Siemens had methodically violated U.S., German and other global anti-bribery laws for decades. When the settlement of the case was announced in 2008, law enforcement didn't pull any punches. Yet what is equally remarkable is that a company that used corruption strategically and methodically to achieve its business objectives for decades remade itself in the wake of the corruption scandal to emerge as a model of corporate reform and business ethics. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Crisis Communications 101 - How Not to Make the Crisis Worse
In this episode, we're going to talk about the inter-relationship between major investigations and crisis communications. So much of crisis management planning and crisis communications is about thinking through various scenarios that could play out and then formulating a game plan for each. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
The Maturation of U.S. Anti-Money Laundering Laws - Part 2
Part 2 of this Fraud Eats Strategy series, Scott Moritz continues the conversation on the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (AMLA 2020) with Matt Biben, Partner of Gibson Dunn. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Wiseguys, Drug Lords & Terrorists, Oh My! The Maturation of U.S. Anti-Money Laundering Laws
In this episode, we're going to discuss the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (AMLA 2020). This is the most comprehensive set of reforms to U.S. anti-money laundering ("AML") laws since the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001. While there is a lot to the Act, there are some important changes and enhancements that should have an immediate and long-lasting impact on anti-money laundering. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
The Third Line: The Critical Role of Internal Audit in Cyber Defense
Cybersecurity is at the top of most organizations' list of critical risks and is often cited by C-suite executives and Board Members as their gravest concern. Threats that are this complex and amorphous require strong partnerships including the inside of the organization. At first glance, cybersecurity and internal audit would seem to have very little in common or little need to interact with one another. Indeed, that is probably still the case in many organizations. Our guests today however have taken a different approach. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
The Inherent Challenge of Thwarting Trade-Based Money Laundering
In this episode, we discuss trade-based money laundering. According to the intergovernmental money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), there are three primary methods that transnational criminal and terrorist organizations utilize to launder the proceeds of illicit activity and use illicit proceeds to finance terrorist operations. 1. Through the use of the financial system; 2. Physical movement of hard currency by use of couriers and smuggling techniques and; 3. Through the physical movement of commercial and consumer goods in international trade. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
The Missing Private Banker: When Bank Fraud Takes a Dark Turn
The Carrasco case is a cross-border financial crime that is worth revisiting. Its lessons remain as relevant today as they were in 1998 when the fraud first erupted. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Cross Border Investigations During the Age of COVID
Conducting investigations in certain parts of the world can be challenging because of the business practices, language barriers and cultural differences. In some of those countries, they are discouraged or even unlawful. When you overlay travel restrictions during a global health crisis, challenging doesn't begin to describe it. In this episode, we discuss how global organizations are a microcosm of the countries and cultures in which they operate. Understanding the customs, languages, business practices and cultural norms is an essential part of conducting effective investigations when operating outside of the U.S. In many parts of the world, business practices and cultural norms tacitly endorse bribery, corruption, and other financial and property crimes. Companies are expected to operate within the law in each country in which they operate and to follow the standards and practices delineated in the organization's code of conduct and corporate compliance program. Compli…
Financial Investigations Units and Special Investigations Units investigate threats against the institution and its customers
Most financial services companies above a certain size have one or more Financial Investigations Units (FIUs) and Special Investigations Units (SIUs) to investigate various threats against the institution and/or its customers. The missions vary from those that narrowly focus on risks such as card fraud and elder financial fraud, to those focused broadly on both insider and external threats against the institution and its customers. While BSA/AML and sanctions units command a great deal of regulatory attention, FIUs have the same SAR filing obligations as their AML and sanctions counterparts. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Is Corruption a Part of the UN's DNA?
In this episode we look inside the United Nations and its various agencies. We assess the harsh reality of endemic corruption in how governments intersect with UN agencies. Given its unique mission, the nature of how it is funded and disbursed funds largely for things such as large-scale infrastructure building, healthcare, education and peace-keeping, and the fact that its employees and officers are foreign officials under the law, the UN represents a perfect storm of corruption risk. Scott Moritz speaks to Murphy & McGonigle law partner Robert "Bob" Appleton. Bob was Chief of the first ever UN Anti-Corruption Unit, the Procurement Fraud Task Force, which existed between 2006-2010, and was responsible in part for the focus of the FCPA by the Fraud Section at DOJ. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
The Wall Street Wolfhound Explains Pump & Dump Schemes
In this episode we examine pump and dump schemes in which thinly traded penny stocks are held by unscrupulous broker-dealers through nominees who push the stock on unsophisticated investors, drive up the share prices and then sell their shares at inflated prices causing the stock value to drop significantly. The term pump and dump is not widely known outside of securities enforcement but the names of the practitioners are more familiar. Stratton Oakmont's Jordan Belfort (of Wolf of Wall Street fame), Benjamin Conde, Power Traders Press, Rooney Pace, A.R. Baron and the granddaddy of them all, Bob Brennan of First Jersey Securities, introduced the world to stock boiler rooms which have continued to be a blight on the securities industry. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Out from the Shadows: Examining Accounting Firm "Shadow Investigations"
In this episode, we're going to explore the little-known area of "shadow investigations" in which accounting firms oversee internal investigations being performed by outside counsel and their forensic investigations counterparts in an effort to ensure the investigation is scoped appropriately such that it will provide sufficient information for the audit partner to comfortably sign off on the auditee's financial statements. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Why We Need Compliance Officers More Than Ever
In this episode of Fraud Eats Strategy , we discuss why we need compliance officers now more than ever. The workforce that emerges from the combination of stay at home orders and the financial crisis will be very different than ever before. Each of us is dealing with unprecedented levels of stress, anxiety, and uncertainty. These external stressors can cause people in positions of trust to suspend good judgment. They can put themselves and their organizations at risk in the process. Decision-making under stress and unreasonable times pressure can be a perfect storm during which business ethics may be given short shrift. Joining us today is Richard Bistrong. Richard is the CEO of Front-Line Anti-Bribery LLC through which he conducts corporate workshops and keynotes to sales teams, leadership groups (including boards and c-suite executives), and compliance teams (including internal audit, finance, and HR). For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Laundering Van Gogh - Is Fine Art the Next Anti-Money Laundering Battleground?
In today's episode, we examine the often opaque, secretive world of fine art and how billions of dollars, a lot of which is from unknown origins, leads to the sales of fine art. Joining us to talk about this subject is Kobre & Kim partner Rob Rathmell. Rob specializes in providing offensive, counter-offensive, and defensive strategies for high-net-worth individuals and institutions in international litigation involving allegations of fraud, money laundering, sanctions violations, and other forms of misconduct. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
The OFAC Enigma - When Compliance is a Moving Target
In this episode we discuss the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions and other areas of sanctions compliance and the inherent challenges of operating a company in compliance with U.S. and international sanctions when the lists of sanctioned parties are a moving target. Joining us are two experts on the subject of U.S. Trade and Economic Sanctions, Arnold & Porter Partner Baruch Weiss and co-host Eric Rudolph of FTI Consulting. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Deconstructing the Minds of White-Collar Criminals
In this episode, we delve into the psychology of white-collar criminals. White-criminal criminals are often treated differently than other categories of criminals which provokes a response unlike other crimes. White-collar criminals are not better than or more deserving of leniency than other categories of criminal, it's just that they are wired differently and understanding that fact can better position us to help safeguard organizations from the types of crimes that white-collar criminals commit. Joining Scott on today's episode are two experts on the subject of white-collar crime psychology, Nicolas Bourtin and Eugene Soltes. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Using Artificial Intelligence to Root Out Fraud and Insider Trading
In this episode, we discuss the rapidly expanding use of artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotic process automation to undertake trade surveillance and mitigate fraud. Joining me today are two experts on the subject of Artificial intelligence from both the technical and legal and compliance perspectives. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Critiquing Leadership and Living to Tell About It
In this episode, we talk about the uncomfortable and sometimes terrifying situation when a compliance officer must critique a member of leadership team and living to tell about it. In recent years, the expression "tone at the top" has been displaced by "conduct at the top" ushering in a new era of leadership accountability and transparency by the DOJ and other enforcement agencies in the U.S. and overseas. As a practical matter, compliance officers must on occasion investigate or critique members of the leadership team when conducting an internal investigation or assessing the ethics and compliance program. Joining me today is Matt Tanzer. For 13 years, Matt held various positions at Tyco including Chief Compliance & Ethics Officer. A position he also held after Tyco was merged into Johnson Controls. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Bullet Proof FCPA Due Diligence
In this episode we going explore "bullet-proofing" your FCPA acquisition due diligence, merger integration and the government's recent revisions to the FCPA Resource Guide and Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs guidance. Gone are the days when the potential bribery and corruption risk of an acquisition can afford to be something assessed at the 11th hour or not at all. Successor liability stemming from undiscovered bribery activity can give rise to devastating financial consequences. Joining me today is Skadden Arps partner and FCPA luminary Gary DiBianco. Gary's practice focuses on advising senior management and boards of directors faced with complex government or internal investigations. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Performing a Fraud Risk Assessment and The Unexpected
In this episode, we talk about why this may be exactly the right time to perform a meaningful fraud risk assessment. Fraud risks are like potential explosions. The vulnerability of fraud can lay dormant for years until and unless someone in a position to exploit the control weakness, formulates a rationalization and is off and running. Joining us today is Bruce Dorris CEO and President of Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. The ACFE is a member organization of over 85,000 Certified Fraud Examiners and the world's largest anti-fraud organization. The ACFE is also a standard setter for anti-fraud and investigative leading industry practices having created many important publications including the Report to the Nations, the Occupational Fraud and Abuse Classification System and the Fraud Risk Management Guide. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
"Mr. FCPA" on DOJ Compliance Guidance Takeaways
In this episode, we talk about the importance of seeing your compliance program through the government's eyes. The DOJ Fraud Section recently released its latest update to their guidance on evaluation of corporate compliance programs. While it does not represent a major rewrite, it did provide further clarity on the government's expectations on post-merger integration, continuous program improvement and compliance's access to relevant data sources needed to drive the program. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Is it Possible to Monetize Effective Compliance?
In this episode, we talk about one of the more challenging aspects of regulatory compliance - measuring return on investment. Important elements of an effective compliance program include confidential reporting and investigations. Today we speak to two subject matter experts on confidential reporting, Carrie Penman, Chief Compliance Officer of NAVEX Global, a widely noted compliance luminary and Kyle Welch, Assistant Professor, George Washington University's School of Business. Carrie and Kyle have collaborated on several studies on how to measure the return on investment of compliance hotlines. Join us to hear about what you can do to help your measurements. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Interview Techniques & Detecting Deception on Zoom
In this episode, we talk about remote witness interviews and how to make the best of a bad situation using time-tested interrogation techniques and other methods. While things are starting to return to something resembling normal, our use of video conferencing as a business tool is here to stay. I've been fielding a lot of questions about use of body language and other techniques to try to limit a witness or deponent's ability to be coached or misdirect the interviewer. With us today is a subject matter expert on interviewing and interrogation skills, Michael Bret Hood. Bret is the Founding Partner of 21st Century Learning & Consulting, LLC where he teaches leadership skills. He is also an adjunct professor of Corporate Governance and Ethics at University of Virginia. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Fraud Has No Place to Hide (in a Down Economy)
In this second episode of Fraud Eats Strategy, Scott Moritz speaks to Neil Barofsky, a partner at Jenner & Block and the former Special Inspector General of the Troubled Asset Relief Program about these issues. We will explore the increased discovery of financial crimes that occur in a down cycle of the economy and how organizations can use fraud risk assessments to identify fraud, pursue avenues of recovery and strengthen their organizations against the potential negative consequences of fraud. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
What Enron Can Teach Us About Future Frauds
In this first episode of Fraud Eats Strategy with Scott Moritz he speaks to former Enron Whistleblower Sherron Watkins about the many red flags that were ignored, the ill-fated board decisions and the wide-ranging complicity that led to Enron's implosion. Sherron's memo to former Enron leadership warned of the accounting irregularities that would cause the company to "implode in a wave of accounting scandals" and sparked what is now one of the biggest fraud and misconduct cases in American history. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/
Introduction to Fraud Eats Strategy
In this introduction, you will meet Scott Moritz, Senior Managing Director in the Global Risk and Investigations Practice at FTI Consulting. The series features a deep dive into the various ways fraud can affect each and every one of us. Join us each week as we take a deep dive into the various forms of fraud across the world and discuss crime families, penny stock boiler rooms, international money launderers, narco-traffickers, oligarchs, dictators, warlords, kleptocrats, and more. For more information visit: https://fraudeatsstrategy.com/


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CHAIM Publications
Publications using CHAIM
Themens, D.R., P.T. Jayachandran, A.M. McCaffrey, B. Reid, and R.H. Varney (2019). A bottomside parameterization for the Empirical Canadian High Artic Ionospheric Model (E-CHAIM), Radio Sci., doi: 10.1029/2018RS006748
Themens, D.R., P.T. Jayachandran, and A.M. McCaffrey (2019), Validating the performance of the Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E-CHAIM) with in situ observations from DMSP and CHAMP, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys, doi: 10.1051/swsc/2019021
Prol, F. dos S., D.R. Themens, M. Hernández-Pajares, P. de O. Camargo, and M.T. de A.H. Muella (2018). Linear Vary-Chap Topside Electron Density Model with Topside Sounder and Radio-Occultation Data, Surveys in Geophys, doi: 10.1007/s10712-019-09521-3
Themens, D.R., et al. (2018). Topside Electron Density Representations for Middle and High Latitudes: A Topside Parameterization for E-CHAIM based on the NeQuick, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 123, doi: 10.1002/2017JA024817
Themens, D.R., P.T. Jayachandran, and R.H. Varney (2017), Examining the use of the NeQuick bottomside and topside parameterizations at high latitudes, Advances in Space Research, 61(1), 287-294, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2017.09.037
Themens, D.R., P.T. Jayachandran, I. Galkin, and C. Hall (2017). The Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E-CHAIM): NmF2 and hmF2, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, doi: 10.1002/2017JA024398
CHAIM Introduction
The Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Models (CHAIM)
The Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Models (CHAIM) is a suite of empirical (E-CHAIM) and assimilation (A-CHAIM and R-CHAIM) ionospheric electron density models designed for application at high latitudes. Funding for CHAIM was provided by the Canadian Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), contract number #W7714-186507.
R-CHAIM (ETA March 31 st , 2020)
Current state of the ionosphere:
When using the Empirical-Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E-CHAIM) for scientific purposes, we ask users to adhere to the following guidelines:
List the version number for the version of the E-CHAIM code you are using (ex: v1.4.0).
While we do not ask to be included as co-authors to your publications using the model, we do ask that you let us know after you have published a paper that uses the model. This goes a long way to helping us justify further funding support to keep the model available and free.
Please include the following acknowledgement in publications using the model: "E-CHAIM is supported under Defence Research and Development Canada contract number W7714‐186507/001/SS and is maintained by the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) with operations support from the Canadian Space Agency."
Release Notes for C version 1.4.0
- Updated AACGM libary to v2.6 and the coefficients to IGRF 13.
-Bug fix to all output requiring AE for dates after the end of the AE record.
Release Notes for IDL version 1.2.1
-Removed environment variable dependence from AACGM.
Release Notes for Matlab_CDB version 1.2.1
Release Notes for Matlab_CDB version 1.3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Licensed employees who will complete their current contract with the Board may apply for retirement. No licensed employee will be required to retire at a specific age.
Application for retirement will be considered made when the licensed employee states in writing to the superintendent, no later than the date set by the Board for the return of the employee's contract to the Board, the intent of the employee to retire. The letter must state the employee's desire to retire and be witnessed by another party other than the principal or the superintendent. Applications made after the date set by the Board for the return of the employee's contract to the Board may be considered by the Board if special circumstances exist. It is within the discretion of the Board to determine whether special circumstances exist.
Board action to approve a licensed employee's application for retirement is final and such action constitutes nonrenewal of the employee's contract for the next school year.
Licensed employees who retire under this policy may qualify for retirement benefits through the Iowa Public Employees Retirement System.
Licensed employees and their spouse and dependents are allowed to continue coverage in the District's group health insurance program at their own expense by meeting the requirements of the insurer.
Iowa Code §§ 97B; 216; 279.46 (2003).


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Miscellaneous | December 23, 2019
10 Fantastically Elaborate Hoaxes Perpetrated Just For The Hell Of It
by Ward Hazell
A hoax is usually defined as a humorous deception. While people may set out to deceive for all sorts of reasons – money, pride, guilt, being just a few, the hoaxer's motives are purer. They will spend days, sometimes years, perpetuating the hoax for their own private amusement.
Some hoaxers go to enormous trouble, time and money to really sell their hoax to their unsuspecting target. Unfortunately, when, inevitably perhaps, the joke is rumbled, the targets do not always appreciate the amount of effort that was put in.
Here are 10 hoaxes that were perpetrated, just for the fun of it.
See Also: 10 Viral Photos That Were Proven To Be Hoaxes
10 Martin Marty and Franz Bibfeldt
Franz Bibfeldt was, supposedly, a German theologian who had written extensively about the Year Zero, that in-between year when the old BC calendar ended, and the new AD calendar began. Bibfeldt's 1927 PhD thesis has been cited extensively in a number of academic periodicals.
Which is strange, since he never wrote a PhD thesis.
In fact, Bibfeldt never wrote anything. He began life as a footnote in a college essay. Robert Clausen, with a deadline looming, invented Bibfeldt and quoted him in his essay, relying on the fact that his tutor wouldn't check. His roommate, Martin Marty, thought the made-up name was funny, and the two began to cite him everywhere. They wrote about him in the college magazine, and placed orders for his books at the university bookshop (the request always came back as out of stock), and made loan requests at the library. (Same).
Since his first appearance, Franz Bibfeldt has been embraced by theologians with a sense of humor all around the world, although most enthusiastically in the Divinity School at The University of Chicago, where, coincidentally, Martin Marty taught for 35 years.
9 The Dreadnought Hoax
Virginia Woolf is not particularly remembered for her practical jokes. However, in 1910, she, along with several literary friends, dressed in exotic clothes, blacked their faces and blagged their way onto a famous British battleship.
The friends, all part of the Bloomsbury group of modernist writers, posed as the Abyssinian royal family, with Woolf's brother playing the part of the Abyssinian emperor. To get into the role, the friends all learned a little Swahili. Unfortunately, Swahili was not the official, nor the unofficial, language of Abyssinia, now Ethiopia.
But points for trying.
The welcome committee seemed not to notice that these were white people in make-up, and gave the them the VIP tour of the battleship. They also failed to notice that the beard of one of the party wasn't quite attached to his face, which was lucky. Luckier still, the beard fell off altogether just after they disembarked.
When the story broke, the Royal Navy were embarrassed and threatened to sue. In the end, they decided to let the matter quietly drop. Which was probably wise. After all, the 'Abyssinian's' disguise was rather thin. And, while the group did take the trouble to learn Swahili, no one bothered to check how to spell Abyssinia when they wrote the memo telling the navy they were coming.
That should have tipped them off right there.
8 The Banana Skin Hoax
The 1960s was an era of peace, love and experimentation. In particular, experimentation with drugs. LSD was the drug of the moment, but, despite what legend would have us believe, it was not always readily available. Nor was it cheap.
A rumor began to spread that bananas had the same chemical ingredients as LSD, and so, with the right treatment, could be turned from humble fruit to fabulous hallucinogenic. Strangely, the rumor was given credence by the song Mellow Yellow, by Donovan, which was released at the same time. The lyrics, which Donovan claimed were about a yellow vibrator, accidentally and coincidentally could be interpreted as referring to the special properties of the 'electrical banana', which, Donovan said, 'Is bound to be the very next phase'.
And it was.
While it is true that bananas did contain some of the ingredients of LSD, principally serotonin, the amounts were far to small to produce any effect on the smoker. The origin of the hoax is thought to have been the 1967 issue of a counterculture magazine called Berkeley Barb, where the Recipe of the Week explained how to prepare the banana skins. (Apparently, you only used the white underside of the banana skin, not the whole thing).
Within a few months, the story was accepted as fact, and stories about the properties of bananas were reported in The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. Another recipe for cooking the drug appeared in The Anarchist Handbook of 1970, showing that, despite the fact that smokers never got high, the rumor just would not quit.
In fact, the story still resurfaces regularly, despite the fact that it has been thoroughly debunked. No one seems to have gained from the hoax, except, perhaps, banana growers.
7 The Maggie Murphy Potato Hoax
Some hoaxes require elaborate planning. Others, not so much. Joseph B Swan preferred to go with the easy option. Swan was a farmer from Colorado, who, apparently, had a taste for practical jokes. And potatoes.
With the aid of the local newspaper, he persuaded the potato growing community that he had managed to grow 26,000 pounds of potatoes in a single year on one acre of land, with his special variety, called the Maggie Murphy.
Which is a lot of spuds.
Not only that, he said, but he managed to grow a giant potato, so large it weighed in at over 86 pounds.
The potato growing community is, it seems, skeptical by nature, and they wanted proof. Swan, and his reporter friend, decided to provide it, and a photograph of swan hefting an enormous potato over his shoulder went the 1895 equivalent of 'viral'.
The photograph was reproduced all over the country, but some experts soon declared it to be faked. They were right. The 'potato' was, in fact, a piece of wood, specially carved for the purpose. This didn't stop enthusiastic potato growers inundating Swan with letters begging for some of his special potato seed.
In the end, Swan got fed up with the whole joke, and informed the disappointed potato enthusiasts that the magnificent potato had been stolen, and he was going out of the spud business.
6 The Erotic Novel Hoax
There has always been an argument about what is, and what is not, good literature. When a book contains a lot of sex, the lines can be even more blurred
In an experiment to prove that even reputable publishing houses will publish any old rubbish as long as it contains steamy sex scenes, a group of 24 journalists from Newsday, led by columnist Mike McGrady, jointly wrote 'Naked Came the Stranger'.
They deliberately wrote the novel badly, with wooden characters, rubbish dialogue and a ridiculous plot. But with lots and lots of gratuitous sex.
Not only was the novel picked up by a publisher, it was reviewed in reputable newspapers, including The New York Times, who failed to spot that it was a spoof. The book even became a best seller.
At which point, the purpose of the joke seemed to go awry a little.
McGrady and his colleagues revealed that the book was a hoax, which only further increased sales. The group 'outed' themselves on The David Frost' show, following which the book spent 13 weeks on The New York Times Bestseller List.
A film of the same name, which had nothing to do with their book, but which piggy-backed off its notoriety, also followed.
The moral of the story seems to be, perhaps, that trying to define what 'literature' is, is an impossible task. Alternatively, it might just mean that people like mucky books.
Who can tell?
5 The Plainfield Teacher's College Football Team
1941 was a good year for the Plainfield Teacher's College Football Team.
Morris Newburger and his friends took an interest in college football, and would study the results, which were printed in the back of the New York newspapers.
One day, presumably when he had nothing much to do, Newburger took to wondering how the scores were gathered, and whether some of the more unlikely sounding colleges were actually real.
Which got him wondering further. What if someone sent in an imaginary score? Would the newspaper print it?
There was only one way to find out, so he called all the New York Times, the Herald Tribune, and every other New York paper he could think of. And he told them that Plainfield Teachers College had beaten Winona, 27-3.
That Sunday, the result was printed on the back page of the Herald Tribune. And all 11 other New York papers.
He didn't stop there.
The following week Plainfield Teachers College won again, and Newburger and his friends phoned all the New York papers, and the papers in Philadelphia. Now the college was playing in 2 states.
Interest in the team grew, and Newburger had a phone line installed, especially for the college football team. They began writing press releases, acquired a nickname, and new school colors (mauve and purple. Ouch).
Then they invented their star player, Johnny Chung. Half Hawaiian, half Chinese, Chung was 6 foot 3 and weighed 212 pounds. They even gave details of his half time snack.
And they composed a song, largely ripped off from Cole Porter's hit 'You're The Top'.
The friends hoped that Plainfield would finish the season undefeated, and they may have succeeded, except that Time magazine received a tip off about the hoax, and they published the story of how the newspapers had been duped
Newburger sent out one final press release to the New York and Philadelphia papers, saying 'Due to flunkings in the midterm examinations, Plainfield Teachers has been forced to call off its last two scheduled games.'
No one printed it
4 The Chess Playing Automaton
The Mechanical Turk was, supposedly, a forerunner of Deep Blue, the chess playing supercomputer. The Turk, however, was built in the 18th Century and, if authentic, it was almost 2 centuries ahead of its time.
Of course, The Mechanical Turk was anything but authentic.
Billed as a machine that could beat the strongest chess player, the Turk was created by Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen, a Hungarian inventor, and was unveiled at the royal court in Vienna in 1770, for the amusement of the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. It continued to be exhibited occasionally for almost 100 years before it was destroyed in a fire. Napoleon is said to have played (and lost) against it. Ditto Benjamin Franklin and a Russian Czar.
In fact, the Turk won most of his games. Possibly because the player was put off by the strangeness of their opponent.
In fact, the Mechanical Turk was a complete illusion. A human chess player hid in a specially built space behind the ostentatious machinery. The interior of the machine was constructed to so that the audience believed that they were looking all the way through it, while in fact, the back of the machine had a secret compartment. The long robes of the automaton Turk concealed the door. A master chess player would simply hide inside the machine, and play against their opponent, who was usually so unnerved that he lost quickly.
Which is just as well because the cavity in which the hidden player sat was small and very uncomfortable.
3 The Dictionary Hoax
Lexicographers and logologists are not renowned for their abilities as pranksters. Rupert Hughes was obviously an exception. He compiled the Music-Lovers Encyclopedia, which was published a number of times between 1905 and 1956.
The final entry in the encyclopedia was ZZXJOANW, which, he said, was pronounced 'Shaw' and was defined as a Maori word meaning 'Drum' or 'Fife'.
Which was odd.
The entry remained in the encyclopedia for 70 years before anyone realized quite how odd. The Maori language has 14 letters, which does not include either Z or X. Maori words also always end in a vowel.
Whatever ever else the word might mean, it was extremely unlikely that it was a Maori word meaning drum.
The compiler of a musical encyclopedia would probably also have been aware that Maoris do not use drums in their traditional music.
There have been lots of theories about the entry (the discovery of which came too late for anyone to question the author), but it is entirely possible that they merely wanted to send kisses to someone named Joan Shaw.
Which, if true, is kind of nice.
2 The Science Fair Hoax
Most Science Fair projects are a bit boring. A baking soda volcano, or invisible ink, powering your alarm clock with a potato (great excuse for being late for class), or growing crystals are the usual sorts of things you will find in a school science fair.
In 1997, however, Nathan Zohner decided to think bigger. His Science Fair Project was, he said, an investigation into that dangerous chemical compound dihydrogen monoxide, or DHMO.
He gave 50 of his fellow students a copy of a report entitled "Dihydrogen Monoxide: The Unrecognized Killer", in which he accurately listed the dangers of DHMO. If ingested it could cause excessive urination, bloating, sweating or even death. It is also known to be a major component of Acid Rain, and was so strong it could even cause metal corrosion.
Based on this information, Zohner's classmates voted to ban DHMO.
Or water, as it is also called.
It turned out, Nathan Zohner's Science Fair Project was not called "Dihydrogen Monoxide: The Unrecognized Killer", it was called, "How Gullible Are We?", and was an investigation into the lack of critical thinking in our responses to what we perceive to be scientific fact.
He took first prize.
1 Johann Beringer's Lying Stones
Dr Johann Berringer was Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Würzburg in Germany in 1725, and was known to be just a little bit pompous. Which is perhaps why his colleagues decided to prank him.
Berringer had a particular interest in 'lapides figurati', stones which had formed naturally into recognizable images. His colleagues 'planted' a large number of stones. A very large number. In all, over 2000 stones were 'discovered' in 6 months, to Berringer's great delight, and to the particular amusement of 2 of his colleagues
The joke soured, somewhat, when Berringer decided to write a book about his finds. His collection included stones in the shape of insects, small animals, astronomical features, and even a Hebrew text which spelled out the name 'Jehovah', which you might think would have tipped him off.
It didn't.
He published Lithographiae Wirceburgensis in 1726, in which he wrote "The figures expressed on these stones, especially those of insects, are so exactly fitted to the dimensions of the stones, that one would swear that they are the work of a very meticulous sculptor. For there is scarcely one in which the dimensions of the figure are not commonly commensurate to the length and breadth of the tablet."
Still didn't twig.
In short, Johann Berringer was well and truly had. His colleagues, realizing that the joke had gone too far, tried to dissuade him from publishing, without acknowledging what they had done. They pointed out that some of the stones bore what looked uncannily like chisel-marks, but Berringer asserted that any chisel must have been wielded by God himself.
His colleague's apparent skepticism, mixed with Berringer's own pomposity, was a fatal combination and he published, only to become a laughing stock.
When he finally realized what had happened, Berringer sued his 2 colleagues, and the resulting scandal ruined the careers of all 3 of them
For more lists like this, check out 10 Of The World's Most Mind-Blowing Hoaxes, and 10 Reasons the Moon Landings Could Be a Hoax.
About The Author: Ward Hazell is a freelance writer and travel writer, currently also studying for a PhD in English Literature
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text:
Loft Law Enforcement
The City monitors owners' compliance with Loft Board rules for housing maintenance standards.
Loft buildings (Multiple Dwelling Law Article 7-C) are covered by the law as Interim Multiple Dwellings.
Learn more about Loft Law.
Loft Definition
Not all loft buildings come under the jurisdiction of the Loft Board. If an address meets the requirements and is registered with the Loft Board, maintenance complaints should be reported as a Loft Complaint.
In 1982, the New York State legislature passed Article 7-C of the Multiple Dwelling Law ("MDL"), also known as the Loft Law. The law created a new class of buildings in New York City. These buildings are known as interim multiple dwellings ("IMD"). Generally, these buildings are former commercial and manufacturing loft spaces that were used as residences by at least three or more families living independently from April 1, 1980 through December 1, 1981. The Loft Law also established the Loft Board to coordinate the legal conversion of these spaces to safe, rent-regulated residential units.
In June of 2010, June of 2013 and June of 2015, the State Legislature amended the Loft Law to include units in commercial or manufacturing buildings which lack a residential certificate of occupancy, where three or more families lived independently for twelve consecutive months from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2009. In addition to the residency requirement, for units to be covered under the amended Loft Law, the units:
Must have an least one window that faces onto a street, legal yard or legal courtyard;
Must be at least 400 square feet;
Must not be located in a basement or cellar;
Must not be located in an Industrial Business Zone (other than the Greenpoint, Williamsburg, North Brooklyn and certain parts of the Long Island City Industrial Business Zones);
Must not be located in a building that, during certain periods of time, contained a use that is not compatible with residential use as defined in the Loft Board's rules.


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Sinder: Diabhal Book 2 (Paperback)
By Kathleen Kaufman
(BOOKS FICTION)
Sinder weaves together the parallel stories of Ceit, grown to adulthood and having taken her rightful place as Matrarc of the Society, and her great-grandmother, Ainsley Robertson in 1924 Ireland, and the inception of the community that would come to inhabit Sinder Avenue.
In 1996, Venice Beach, Ceit struggles with the confines of superstition and tradition that have defined the Society since its start. As her younger brother, Alan, turns eighteen, Ceit enacts a plan to end the Society for good. And in doing so, releasing Alan from what she sees increasingly as a toxic and antiquated way of life as well as freeing herself from her mortal ties to the human realm.
In 1924, Ainsley Robertson lives in a secluded community outside of Cork, led by her father, an abusive and cruel ceannaire. Ainsley's story opens with her expecting a baby in a world where being an unwed mother is a criminal act. Ainsley grows to realize her own gifts and connection to the world of the fae as she navigates a world dominated by dogma and oppression. As the sparks of what will become the Society grow to a flame, Ainsley becomes the Matrarc of her people, leading them to a new world, and a new tradition.
Publisher: Keylight Books
Publication Date: October 27th, 2020
Occult & Supernatural
Hardcover (October 27th, 2020): $29.99
MP3 CD (November 10th, 2020): $24.99
Compact Disc (November 10th, 2020): $59.99


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text:
Developmental Biology - Human Cerebellum
The Thin Crepe Which Is Our Cerebellum
High-res imaging shows the cerebellum is a long strip of thin "crepe" like tissue and is 80% the size of the cortex...
"A quick mind" may be our expectation for our expanded cerebellum, which distinguishes our human brain from those of macaque monkeys. High resolution imaging shows the human cerebellum is 80% the area of our cortex, perhaps indicating it's grown as human behavior and cognition evolve. It plays a role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and therefore posture.
The Latin origin of cerebellum means "little brain". Located close to our brainstem, it sits under the cortex in our hindbrain. Now research from San Diego State University (SDSU), calls the diminutive "little" into question.
The cerebellum contributes to pain, movement, thought, our five senses and emotion, yet is essentially a flat sheet the thickness of a crepe. It is crinkled into hundreds of folds to make it fit into a compact space about one-eighth the volume of our cerebral cortex.
Yet, its surface area was thought to be considerably smaller than that of the cerebral cortex. However, uing an ultra-high-field 9.4 Tesla MRI machine to scan the brain, and custom software to process the images, SDSU neuroimaging discovered these tightly packed folds actually contain a surface area equal to 80% of the cerebral cortex's surface area. In comparison, the macaque's cerebellum is about 30% the size of its cortex.
"The fact that it has such a large surface area speaks to the evolution of distinctively human behaviors and cognition. It has expanded so much that the folding patterns are very complex."
Martin Sereno PhD, Professor, Psychology & Cognitive Neuroscience, Director, San Diego State University MRI Imaging Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Unprecedented Insights
Collaborating with imaging and cerebellum experts from the United Kingdom, Netherlands and Canada, Sereno used customized open source software (FreeSurfer) he developed with colleagues while at the University of California San Diego. With 'FreeSurfer' he computationally reconstructed the folds of the cerebellum. The software unfolded and flattened the cerebellar cortex to visualize each individual folia - or thin leaf like fold.
When the cerebellum is completely unfolded, it forms a thin "crepe" four inches wide and three feet long.
The findings are published in PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences).
Sereno: "Until now we only had crude models of what it looked like. We now have a complete map or surface representation of the cerebellum, much like cities, counties, and states."
Previous research discovered that while there were many similarities between the cortex and the cerebellum, there was one key difference. In the cerebral cortex, regions representing different parts of the body are arranged roughly as they are in the body: juxtaposed and orderly. In the cerebellum, they are placed more randomly.
"You get a little chunk of the lip, next to a chunk of the shoulder or face, like jumbled puzzle pieces," Sereno explains.
Those parts of the cerebellum are therefore set up to pull in and coordinate information from disparate parts of the body.
"It is intriguing to think there might be analogs of 'fractured somatotopy' in cognitive parts of the cerebellum that could help support highly complex, sophisticated cognitive functions such as language or abstract reasoning. When you think of the cognition required to write a paper or explain a concept, you pull in information from many sources. That is just how the cerebellum is set up."
Martin Sereno PhD
Until now, the cerebellum was thought to be involved mainly in basic functions like movement, but its expansion over time and its new inputs from cortical areas involved in cognition suggest that it can also process advanced concepts like mathematical equations.
"Now that we have the first high resolution base map of the human cerebellum, there are many possibilities for researchers to start filling in what is certain to be a complex quilt of inputs, from many different parts of the cerebral cortex in more detail than ever before," Sereno adds.
For example, there is recent evidence people who suffer cerebellum damage have difficulty processing emotion.
"The 'little brain' is quite the jack of all trades. Mapping the cerebellum will be an interesting new frontier for the next decade."
The cerebellum has long been recognized as a partner of the cerebral cortex, and both have expanded greatly in human evolution. The thin cerebellar cortex is even more tightly folded than the cerebral cortex. By scanning a human cerebellum specimen at ultra-high magnetic fields, we were able to computationally reconstruct its surface down to the level of the smallest folds, revealing that the cerebellar cortex has almost 80% of the surface area of the cerebral cortex. By performing the same procedure on a monkey brain, we found that the surface area of the human cerebellum has expanded even more than that of the human cerebral cortex, suggesting a role in characteristically human behaviors, such as toolmaking and language.
The surface of the human cerebellar cortex is much more tightly folded than the cerebral cortex. It was computationally reconstructed for the first time to the level of all individual folia from multicontrast high-resolution postmortem MRI scans. Its total shrinkage-corrected surface area (1,590 cm2) was larger than expected or previously reported, equal to 78% of the total surface area of the human neocortex. The unfolded and flattened surface comprised a narrow strip 10 cm wide but almost 1 m long. By applying the same methods to the neocortex and cerebellum of the macaque monkey, we found that its cerebellum was relatively much smaller, approximately 33% of the total surface area of its neocortex. This suggests a prominent role for the cerebellum in the evolution of distinctively human behaviors and cognition.
Martin I. Sereno, Jörn Diedrichsen, Mohamed Tachrount, Guilherme Testa-Silva, Helen d'Arceuil and Chris De Zeeuw.
The authors thank Alex de Crespigny for providing the macaque monkey scan and Anders Dale for writing the core of the original FreeSurfer code that was extended here. This research was funded by NIH Grant R01 MH081990, a UK Royal Society Wolfson Fellowship (to M.I.S.), and Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant PJT159520 (to J.D.)
Aug 5 2020 Fetal Timeline Maternal Timeline News
Cerebellar slices, folded and inflated of flattened cerebellar surfaces, all at same scale. Starting in the Upper Left, slice images are tessellated and the resulting surface was unfolded, cut (Upper Right), and flattened. Each surface is shown twice, first color-coded by FreeSurfer average convexity ("sulc," which marks lobules) and then by local curvature ("curv," which marks much smaller folia). At Lower Left, a macaque monkey cerebellum is shown at the same scale. (Movie S1).
CREDIT The Authors


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A Life Taken | Life's Little Uh Ohs!
Today you took a life. Your own.
I grieve not for you but for myself.
Shared meals dispensed from vending machines.
A single hug lasting only five seconds.
What I really want is for you to love yourself.
Not as the convict you believe yourself to be.
But as the man I know you are.
So I am here waiting for your life to begin again.
Continuing to believe, unlike you, that transformation is possible.
Always possible until the end when your life is no more.


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italian_renaissance_.pdf
File Size: 108110 kb
Jesus at the centre of an extensive table and the Apostles to his left and right. He wears the traditional red and blue robes and has a beard, but Leonardo did not imbue him with the customary halo. Some scholars have proposed that the light from the window behind him serves this role or that the implied lines of the pediment above the window create the illusion of a halo. Other scholars have argued that the missing attribute may also suggest that Jesus is still a human being, who, as such, will endure the pain and suffering of the Passion.
The scene is not a frozen moment but rather a representation of successive moments. Jesus has declared his forthcoming betrayal, and the Apostles react. Philip, who stands in the group to Jesus' left, gestures toward himself and seems to say, "Surely not I, Lord?" Jesus seems to reply, "The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me will betray me" (Matthew 26:23). Simultaneously, Jesus and Judas, who sits with the group to Jesus' right, reach toward the same dish on the table between them, an act that marks Judas as the betrayer. Jesus also gestures toward a glass of wine and a piece of bread, suggesting the establishment of the Holy Communion rite.
Jesus' serene composure, with his head and eyes lowered, contrasts with the agitation of the Apostles. Their varying postures rise, fall, extend, and intertwine while remaining organized in groups of three. James the Greater, to Christ's left, throws his arms out angrily while the disbelieving Thomas, crouched behind James, points upward and seems to ask, "Is this God's plan?" His gesture anticipates his later reunion with the resurrected Christ, a moment that was often represented in art with Thomas using his fingers to touch Christ's wounds from the crucifixion to quell his doubts. Peter, who is identified by the knife in his hand that he will later use to sever the ear of a soldier attempting to arrest Jesus, moves toward the mild-tempered John, who sits to Jesus' right and appears to swoon. Judas, gripping the purse that contains his reward for identifying Jesus, recoils from Peter, seemingly alarmed at the other Apostle's quick action.The rest of the Apostles appear to whisper, grieve, and debate among themselves.
The meal takes place within an almost austere room so that the viewer focuses on the action taking place in the foreground. Dark tapestries line the walls on either side, while the back wall is dominated by three windows that look out on an undulating landscape recalling Milan's countryside. Leonardo represented the space by using linear perspective, a technique rediscovered in the Renaissance that employs parallel lines that converge at a single vanishing point to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface. He placed the vanishing point at Jesus's right temple, thus drawing the viewer's attention toward the main subject. Although linear perspective seems like a systemized method of creating the illusion of space, it is complicated by its reliance on a single vantage point. Any viewing position other than the vantage point reveals a slightly distorted painted space. Later, scholars discovered that the vantage point for the Last Supper is about 15 feet (4.57 metres) above ground. Leonardo likely chose this relatively high height because the painting's bottom edge is 8 feet (2.44 metres) above ground and using a vantage from the floor would have meant viewers would only have been able to see the underside of the table, not the action taking place above. Consequently, the painted space of the Last Supper always appears sightly at odds with the refectory space. It is one of many visual paradoxes scholars have observed about the painting. They have also noted that the table is far too large to fit in the depicted room, yet it is not large enough to seat the 13 men, at least not along the three sides where they are placed. The scene, so seemingly simple and organized, is a puzzling resolution to the challenge of creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a flat surface.
The wall painting was commissioned by Ludovico Sforza, the duke of Milan and Leonardo's patron during his first extended stay in that city. The Sforza coats of arms appear with the family's initials on the three lunettes above the mural. Leonardo likely began working on the painting in 1495 and, as was his manner, worked slowly with long pauses between sessions, until he finished in 1498. Because of Leonardo's notorious perfectionism, true fresco painting was not ideal, as the process requires that an artist apply paint quickly to each day's fresh plaster before the plaster dries and bonds the pigment to the wall. Instead, Leonardo tried an experimental technique using tempera or oil paint on two layers of dry preparatory ground. His compromised process meant that the pigments were not permanently attached to the wall, however, and the painting began to flake within a few years. It continued to deteriorate, suffering from the steam and smoke of the monastery's kitchen, soot from the refectory's candles, and the dampness of the location.
In the ensuing centuries, the painting sustained additional damage. In 1652 a door was cut into the north wall, removing Jesus' feet and loosening the paint and plaster. Several restorations followed, with heavy-handed retouches and the application of varnish, glue, solvents, and the like. The painting endured additional irreverence when Napoleon's invading troops used the refectory as a stable. After a flood in the beginning of the 19th century, mold growth damaged the painting further still. During World War II the painting suffered its greatest catastrophe, when an Allied bomb caused the roof and one wall of the refectory to collapse. The painting survived, but it was exposed to the elements for several months before the space was rebuilt.
After centuries of maltreatment, the Last Supper underwent an extensive and controversial 20-year restoration that was completed in 1999. Restorers worked in small sections to remove previous retouches, layers of grime, and coats of varnish while adding beige watercolour to the parts that could not be recovered. When the restored painting was revealed, many critics argued that the restorers had removed so much of the painting that very little was left of Leonardo's original work. Others, however, commended the recovery of such details as the Apostles' expressions and the food on the table.


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Oy with the poodles already
We just learned *another* new Lorelai quote from "Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life"
Have you recovered from yesterday's all-day Gilmore Girls celebration yet? October 5th marked the 16th anniversary of the show premiering on The WB almost two decades ago, and we celebrated with lots of coffee, Luke himself, and an overload of our favorite Gilmore Girls things.
Everything magically came together with the Luke's Diner pop-ups across the country, where FREE coffee was handed out. Each cup had a *perfect* Lorelai coffee quote on the back, and they all really spoke to our soul. But, turns out, of these quotes we hadn't heard before, because it's actually from the upcoming A Year in the Life.
In all the Gilmore Girls hullabaloo, we almost completely missed this. The quote reads:
"Everything in my life has something to do with coffee. I believe in a former life I was coffee."
We're LIVING for this @GilmoreGirls coffee wisdom from Lorelai. ☕🙌🏻 pic.twitter.com/AFhEswoA35
— HelloGiggles (@hellogiggles) October 5, 2016
While all the other quotes specific what season and episode they're from, this one just says, A Year in the Life. So is it, "Winter," "Spring," "Summer," or "Fall??"
Whenever it happens, and whenever we hear it, it's another *perfect* coffee quote. If Gilmore Girls is looking for some sort of prequel spin-off after A Year in the Life is done, following Lorelai's past life as a hot cup of coffee sounds like something we would totally binge — and yeah, it'd be a little bit weird, but we'll take whatever Gilmore Girls we can get.
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1/12/1909 Camden, New Jersey [unconfirmed] 2 Master Victor 5673 10-in.
1/12/1909 Camden, New Jersey [unconfirmed] 2 Master Victor 16802 10-in.
Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Victor matrix B-6714. Oh, you kid / Ada Jones ; Billy Murray," accessed April 20, 2019, https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/200007668/B-6714-Oh_you_kid.
Victor matrix B-6714. Oh, you kid / Ada Jones ; Billy Murray. (2019). In Discography of American Historical Recordings. Retrieved April 20, 2019, from https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/200007668/B-6714-Oh_you_kid.
"Victor matrix B-6714. Oh, you kid / Ada Jones ; Billy Murray." Discography of American Historical Recordings. UC Santa Barbara Library, 2019. Web. 20 April 2019.


text:
About the CCO
The mission of the Cincinnati Community Orchestra Association is to provide a continuing musical experience to adult professional, amateur, and advanced student musicians from the greater Cincinnati area in the spirit of music as a lifetime avocation. Under the baton of a competent conductor, members experience orchestral music through rehearsals and public performances while enriching the culture of the community.
The Cincinnati Community Orchestra has more than 80 amateur and professional musicians who represent many occupations, professions, and ages, rehearsing once each week from September to May. Throughout its long history the orchestra has adhered to a tradition of performing a broad range of works representing composers of all eras in music. The opportunity to perform and to hear orchestral music in a live musical environment is truly rewarding to audience and performer.
The Cincinnati Community Orchestra grew from the closing chords of an earlier ensemble called the Jewish Community Center Orchestra (late 1933 to early 1952). That orchestra performed the first of 39 concerts on March 15, 1934. Its last performance was in April 1951. All but two of those concerts were conducted by Nicholas Gabor. It disbanded shortly after that last performance, but through the efforts of two members of that ensemble – Jack and Joyce VanWye – and after some intermediate organized chamber music activities, our "new" Cincinnati Community Orchestra was formed and began its first season with rehearsals in the fall of 1954 and a concert on May 15, 1955.
CCO's 50+ seasons have involved eight regular conductors and ten one-time guest conductors. Although board and membership input is solicited, the planning of repertoire has always been the exclusive prerogative of these conductors. Cincinnati's rich base of cultural life has made the availability of qualified and desirable soloists plentiful. Artists from the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, the College-conservatory of Music, and area churches have eagerly served as invited soloists. Thus throughout it's 50+ seasons CCO has spotlighted 27 singers, 27 pianists, 2 organists, 36 string players, 15 woodwind players, 11 brass players, 2 percussionists, 11 choirs, 2 young string groups, 2 dance troupes, 3 narrators, an artist, and even some actors and circus performers. Many of CCO's regular members have also served in various solo roles. CCO maintains a constant weekly rehearsal schedule (always on Mondays). Its rehearsal and concert schedules have taken it to 40 venues in every corner of the greater Cincinnati area.
Cincinnati Community Orchestra
The Cincinnati Community Orchestra has more than 80 amateur and professional musicians who represent many occupations, professions, and ages, rehearsing once each week from September to May.
CCO on YouTube
cincinnaticommunityorchestra@gmail.com


I ordered this dress in white for my daughter who was a bridesmaid in my wedding. The dress fit perfectly and is very elegant. All the bridesmaids ordered this dress and every last one of them looked absolutely amazing in it. Thanks JJ's House for quality product and quality service.
I love this dress. It looks exactly the same as online. Thank you so much.
This dress was for my daughter who is several sizes larger than the largest standard size offered by JJ and most other clothiers. There was concern that the dress could be made to fit her and in enough time for my other daughter's wedding. Not only did the dress fit her perfectly, it arrived early and weeks before the wedding. JJ has supplied the entire wedding party from bride to bridesmaids to mother of the bride. We are more than pleased with the craftmanship and customer service with this company!
So happy with the dresses!
I really like this dress! It doesn't wrinkle and the red color is lovely. this dress looks great on and is very flattering. I think this dress would flatter most figures.
would it be possible to get the dress in a knee length?


A lot has been going on in my life during the past few months. I've been thinking a lot about how I want to really spend my time, how to balance the things in my life that are important to me and some other stuff too. That also got me thinking about the blog, since I spend so much time and energy here and I realized that I needed to rethink and rebalance quality and quantity in my posts again.
What I can say will stay the same for sure are the reviews, the rambles (I couldn't survive without them!), the TBRs and the wrap ups.
I was nominated for the The Real Neat Blog Award by the lovelies Kenzie from "Bookish Things and Tea" and Ashley from "Dreaming Through Literature".
Theoretically I should answer 7 question from the person I was nominated by but taking into account I was nominated by two different bloggers I decided to do a mix of their questions, answering 7 in total anyway. Here it goes!
What's your go to happy book?
"Alice in Wonderland" (the one based on the movie by Tim Burton).
If you could take a year off from everything without any repercussions, what would you do during that year?
I would travel the world and do some volunteering along the way.
What's one of your favorite posts you've made on you blog?
Do you journal? If yes, is it habitual or just occasionally?
Do you prefer paperbacks or hard covers? Why?
I'm suuuure you haven't noticed…it's pink!
If you had to choose one fictional character as a best friend, which one would it be?
If you could choose one foreign language to magically speak fluently, which one would it be?
Would you rather read only your favourite book for the rest of your life or be able to read every book except your favourite one for the rest of your life too?
Do you listen to music while you're reading?
Who's the one author you really really really want to meet in person above any other?
What's your favourite reading snack or drink?


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When Kelly Hidleburg's confounding case of anemia was traced to heavy bleeding due to uterine fibroids, she faced the same tough choice that confronts thousands of American women every year.
She could have her uterus or just the fibroids surgically removed, or she could try one of several newer procedures aimed at shrinking the usually benign but troublesome tumors. At 46, she could try waiting a few years to see whether menopause, with its natural decline in hormones, would solve the problem.
Hidleburg's options were even more limited, however, because she didn't want to have surgery with a long recovery time that would take her away from work and family. And even with iron supplements, her anemia was so severe that waiting out the fibroids wasn't looking good, either.
But then her gynecologist, Minda Green, suggested another option: a new tool that requires no incision and uses heat to damage the fibroids, which then shrink. Though the tool is still being tested, what Hidleburg heard sounded too good to pass up.
"With this option, I had a better chance of recovery and going back to work" more quickly, said Hidleburg, who lives in Olney. Last month, the mother of two grown children underwent the outpatient procedure at Hahnemann Hospital without a hitch and returned home the same day. A few days later, she was back at work as a Philadelphia correctional officer.
Sonata, which stands for sonography-guided transcervical ablation, a device made by California-based Gynesonics, shows promise as an addition to the arsenal of ways to treat a condition that is common but that has defied easy solutions.
"This is probably the most minimally invasive surgical procedure you can do," said Green, an assistant professor in Drexel University's College of Medicine who is coinvestigator in the device's trial at Drexel-affiliated Hahnemann. "That's hugely important. . . . You can get back to work and life. That's what women want."
Sonata uses a probe that is inserted through the cervix into the uterus. The probe not only allows the doctor to see the fibroid using ultrasound, but it also has a radio-frequency device at the tip. The doctor hits a foot pedal to send energy through the probe to heat the fibroid, shrinking it over time. The body absorbs the dead tissue, so it does not have to be surgically removed.
The tool is also being tested at 26 other sites in the United States, including Cooper University Hospital and Christiana Care Health System.
Fibroids are muscular tumors, usually benign, that grow in the wall of the uterus. They can affect up to 80 percent of women by the time they reach age 50, but in most cases, the fibroids cause no symptoms. Sometimes symptoms are mild enough that women can be treated with hormone therapy, or can wait them out until menopause.
But for some women, significant fibroids can mean profuse bleeding, cramping, and pain from the pressure they can exert. They also can pose problems during childbirth and, in rare cases, can even affect fertility. An estimated one-fourth of all women with fibroids require treatment, according to the National Uterine Fibroids Foundation.
Hidleburg lost so much blood during her heavy menstrual cycles that she was extremely anemic. Of her five fibroids, four were deep in the uterine wall.
Hundreds of thousands of hysterectomies are performed each year in the U.S., mostly to treat uterine fibroids, making the procedure the most common choice.
But this is major surgery that can mean a lengthy recovery time, increasing demand for alternatives, from hormone therapy to more complicated procedures. Though hysterectomies are not performed as frequently as they once were, their rates are widely considered to be too high.
Another option is to have just the fibroids removed, a procedure known as myomectomy. But that also is an invasive procedure requiring an incision and longer recovery time. And unlike a hysterectomy, there is no guarantee that fibroids won't grow back after myomectomy.
Power morcellation, a technique that cuts up the uterus (or just the fibroids) for removal through tiny incisions, seemed to be the answer for some, promising swifter recovery times than the traditional open hysterectomy. But in some cases - the FDA estimates one in 350 - the device disseminates an undiagnosed cancer that preoperative screening tests cannot reliably detect. The FDA has advised physicians and hospitals not to use it except in rare cases.
Sonata is not the first procedure aimed at shrinking fibroids without surgery, though it is touted as less invasive.
In uterine artery embolization (UAE), an interventional radiologist uses a catheter in the groin to deliver small particles that block blood flow to the fibroids. But some women, including Hidleburg, turn it down because it can be painful while the fibroids shrink.
Other options include Acessa, a therapy which employs laparoscopic radio-frequency waves to destroy the tissue. Also tested at Hahnemann, it was approved in 2012 and heats the fibroid but requires two small incisions and uses multiple tools, unlike the all-in-one Sonata probe.
ExAblate is an MRI-guided technology that uses magnetically focused energy to eliminate the tissue. It can take hours and shrinks fibroids less than 20 percent, studies indicate.
While the list of options looks long, each has its drawbacks, according to gynecologists.
"The market is not overcrowded, by any means," says Erin Carey, an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and division director of minimally invasive gynecology surgery who is not involved in the Sonata trial. "There's huge room for growth."
Dipak Delvadia, a Drexel assistant professor of ob/gyn who is a principal investigator for the trial, said it was appropriate for fibroids in the uterine wall that are between 1 and 5 centimeters.
"We've been trying to get to these types of fibroids and tumors for a long time in a minimally invasive way," he said.
During the procedure, Hidleburg was under general anesthesia, though Sonata can be used in an office setting with partial sedation, according to Gynesonics. Green, who under Delvadia's supervision was performing the procedure for the first time, guided the probe through the cervix to the uterus, where she could see a clear, 2-D image of the fibroids.
Then, Green deployed the electrodes, which reach 221 degrees Fahrenheit, being careful to ablate, or heat, as much of the fibroid as possible without harming surrounding tissue.
The system calibrates how long the ablation will take, depending on the fibroid's location and characteristics. Hidleburg's first fibroid required 4 minutes and 36 seconds. Then Green was on to treat the next one.
Compared with the Acessa procedure, which requires the physician to manipulate multiple devices, Sonata "is much easier," Green said afterward. She also noted that the procedure doesn't require a radiologist.
Sonata was approved in Europe a few years ago and has been getting positive reviews so far here. But because it's still under investigation in the U.S., it's not covered by insurance (patients such as Hidleburg who participate in a trial are treated for free).
"If insurance doesn't pay for Sonata, no one is going to get it," said Jay Goldberg, a professor at Einstein Medical Center and director of its Philadelphia Fibroid Center. He notes that ExAblate, which typically isn't covered by insurance, can cost "tens of thousands of dollars out of pocket" - one reason it is not often used.
Sonata's manufacturer declined to say what the procedure might cost once the trials are complete and it is approved.
The company has said one advantage of Sonata is that it is simpler to perform, putting it within reach of more doctors. But Goldberg notes that such minimally invasive procedures require a lot of skill to perform safely. "You need a really experienced surgeon," he says. "Will it translate to the average ob/gyn?"
Fibroids rarely are malignant, but UNC's Carey noted that because tissue is not removed with the Sonata method, it cannot be biopsied to be certain.
Carey also wants to know more about Sonata's potential impact on fertility. The trial targets women who do not want future pregnancies, so that question will not be put to rest in the trial, although the procedure anecdotally does not appear to hurt fertility, according to Gynesonics medical director David Toub.
If confirmed through additional studies that it doesn't affect fertility, Carey says, that would make Sonata "a game-changer. This is what would elevate the product."
Meanwhile, Hidleburg is happy with her choice, which she said was pain-free and allowed her to get back to her routine quickly.
"Everything went well," she says. "It was in and out."