text:
Royce Rolls Out Luxury Autonomous Car for VIP Transport
One could call it the Rolls Royce of concept cars, especially since this is their first foray into the realm of conceptual vehicles, and it truly is outfitted with everything worth of a futuristic luxury ride.
Aside from the futuristic look and artificial intelligence that helps riders select from entertainment options, the Rolls-Royce Vision Next 100 also rolls out a red carpet, projecting red light from its side for when its passengers enter and exit. The virtual assistant accepts destinations by voice and advises the car's occupants about upcoming meetings or events on its way to various destinations.
Inside, the lounge-like interior features wood paneling, deep pile carps, and a wool and silk sofa facing an entertainment screen that can double as a workstation.
It is designed to "anticipate the mobility demands of the luxury customer of the future" featuring a smaller engine space cleared out to make way for more luggage.
"The wheels are housed in individual cases, with exposed arms and struts that connect to the chassis and also support the hull-shaped body at the front. The 28-inch tall but narrow wheels upon which the car glides are each hand-built from 65 individual pieces of aluminium, and enclosed to deliver the impression of a futuristic catamaran"
"From whatever angle the Rolls-Royce Vision Next 100 is viewed, it seems to float, whether at rest or in motion. This lightness is achieved through the paring back of this vehicle to the essence of a Rolls-Royce by the design team, who were freed from their current constraints by the new propulsion and coach-build technologies now available to them."
See more in Concept Vehicles or under Transportation. July, 2016.


text:
Empire Building Under The Radar: How Europe Uses Its External Action Service
Bernice Bartelds
| Thursday, 16th July 2015
Who is the biggest power in the world? The US has the biggest military capacity, and China is being eyed as an economic giant, but few see Europe as a force to be reckoned with.
The European Union is often seen as 'only' a raggedy bunch of bickering and powerless states. But that is not how the EU likes to see itself.
From its humble origins as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) through the European Economic Community it has grown into a powerful economic union of 28 member states with enough clout to make a difference in the world.
In his book 'The European Superpower', professor John McCormick argues that the United States is blind to the fact that it has been overtaken by this cluster of wealthy European nations that often act and function as one. Europe has become a superpower, and with it, it feels the need to assert itself on the international scene.
Nations assert themselves via their Foreign Offices, so Europe felt it needed ambassadors and diplomats to enter the international scene. There was one small problem though: until the Lisbon Treaty, member states still had part of their sovereignty intact, and had a voice through their own foreign ministries. No European country wants to openly admit that their embassies are as good as obsolete, and none wanted to be superseded in such an obvious and blatant way. Europe had to think of a different solution to create its own Ministry of Foreign Affairs, so the European External Action Service was created as soon as the Lisbon Treaty went into effect. The EEAS was officially born on 1 December 2010. A rose is still a rose by any other name.
The EEAS is an organisation consisting of 3,600 staff and about 140 so-called delegations around the world. Its headquarters is in Brussels, and it is led by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, or: the High Representative in short. Baroness Catherine Ashton, a British labour politician, held this title until last year. Italian politician Federica Mogherini holds the current post.
A lot has been written about Catherine Ashton, much of it very critical. To some, she has been a laughing stock for her lack of experience when she started the job. She entered the stage with a plea for help to her European peers to set up the a new team for the fledgling EEAS, and was subsequently given some very bright and experienced spokesmen. If we want to understand how the EEAS likes to assert itself on the international stage, we need to take a look at two of these advisers and end up by asking: who is really the most influential person to wield this powerful tool for the EU?
Lutz Güllner
Lutz Güllner, a German national, studied political science and international relations at the Free University of Berlin and the Institut d'Etudes Politiques in Paris. He became a a public affairs consultant in Brussels and was soon appointed as the EU's Trade Strategy Unit's Deputy Head. Today he works at the European Commission's Directorate General for Trade.
Güllner is basically the mouthpiece for the EU-US trade negotiations, and he is very active to persuade both the nations and the global media that the TTIP agreement is the best thing since sliced bread for everyone involved:
Güllner confirms that the most difficult debates are taking stage in Germany and Austria, and that has already prompted a new approach to communication.
"Ten years ago, when we launched trade agreements, there was no debate. People wanted to know about the macro-economic impacts and the value of the agreements. With TTIP that has changed because people are asking more questions about the real impact, they are much more defensive and they want to know about the risks and the opportunities, they don't want the general figure but they want more and more real life examples," Güllner continued, adding that the Commission has adapted to the debate.
However, adapting to the new public opinion ecosystem is not enough. Giving examples, explaining what the European Commission wants to get out of the negotiations and what that means for different constituencies, business, the public at large and consumers is not enough. Being active on social media and organise town hall meetings across Europe to explain and engage is not enough.
However, reframing politician's and public opinion is not the only thing Güllner does. During his time with Catherine Ashton he had the task of persuading existing and potential international trade partners to start seeing things the European way. All Ashton had to do was to finalise his negotiations with a handshake and a press op. Güllner's power and authority can sometimes be gleaned from small snippets in media he has no sway over, like in Belarus, where he strongly condemned their stance on controlling online activities:
…this new presidential decree is going to further restrict freedom of speech and freedom of media in Belarus after it takes forces, Guellner says. The EU regards this issue as an important step in a wrong direction and hopes the Belarusian authorities will review it. The Union expresses its concern over new restrictions of freedom, including freedom of speech, especially at the moment when the European Union is seeking cooperation with Belarus.
Notice that it wasn't Ashton, but Güllner who uttered this thinly-veiled threat that he wanted freedom to influence public opinion in exchange for lucrative trade deals with Belarus.
Perhaps even more telling are some of the reactions from nations who have been approached by the EU to enter into trade agreements. Negotiations over a trade deal involving biofuels with Colombia, Ecuador and Peru started off harmlessly enough, but soon took on a different twist:
[Camillo] Tovar [Latin American Association of Development Promotion Organizations] considered that the EU had had a "change of focus" in the negotiations of its agreement with Latin America, even though "previously the central points were promotion of democracy, human rights, political dialogue and development", and "trade was a complementary element".
"Now the reverse is true", Tuvo remarked, "trade interests are the focal point of the negotiations".
Other examples of this style of negotiating can be found in Güllner's dealings with Sri Lanka. The EU produced a report over human rights issues, insisting that further investigations should be carried out, after which Güllner declared:
"The report comes to the conclusion … that Sri Lanka is in breach of its GSP Plus commitments," EU spokesperson for trade, Lutz Güllner, said soon after the report was released. "We will now consult with Member States on whether to prepare a proposal with a view to temporarily suspending these additional trade benefits."
To which the acerbic reply came:
The minister had previously said that the government would not open its doors to any investigation and looked at such a move as an infringement on Sri Lanka's sovereignty. "We have every reason to protest vehemently against the threatened use of GSP Plus as 'a powerful weapon' against our country for any purpose whatsoever," he said.
There are numerous other examples of the EEAS using this carrot-and-stick approach, which doesn't always receive positive reactions. All the more reason to throw every known trick of persuasion into the foray, and who better to do that than communication experts like Lutz Güllner and his successor.
Lutz Güllner resigned his post in 2010, and went on to engage in 'more interesting work' at the European Commission's Directorate General for Trade, where he is now Head of the Unit for Information, Communication and Civil Society. His successor Michael Mann, is equally suited to the task of wooing, cajoling, and blackmailing nation states to trade their sovereignty for the pleasures of financial gain from Europe.
Catherine Ashton has quietly faded away now according to the Wall Street Journal:
Ms. Ashton has pretty much faded from the scene. Two western officials involved in the talks said they had not heard a peep from Ms. Ashton since Nov. 24 by email, telephone or otherwise. Ms. Ashton declined a request to comment.
As of last year, there is a new High Representative: Federica Mogherini. With Michael Mann's skilled support, she has hit the ground running if we believe all the news items about her role in the negotiations with Iran. She certainly appreciates where their priorities lie:
Twitter has proven to be a revolutionary social network even in politics. It is an extraordinary channel of diplomacy and of communication. That's why with Michael Mann and the Strategic Communications Division, we have been working, since the very beginning of my mandate, on making Twitter one of the fundamental tools of our diplomacy. - Federica Mogherini
Mann, a former spokesman for Neil Kinnock, is perhaps even more interesting than his predecessor. Press TV claims:
A report says Michael Mann, the spokesman for EU foreign policy Chief Catherine Ashton, is a "senior American psychological warfare officer."
Being the spokesman on the P5+1 negotiating team indicates that Mann is an information outlet channelling all the data from the talks for the global public opinion.
The means of information dissemination now lies in the hands of US agents and not European negotiators, the report said.
According to the report, Mann worked as a senior American psychological warfare officer in Iraq and has had a key role in creating political and media controversies against the government of Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki and certain regional states.
In his book, Professor John McCormick draws the conclusion that Europe might be a superpower, but it doesn't threaten or cajole. Perhaps he needs take a good look at the EEAS. The title of 'Spokesman for the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy' probably provides the best starting point to see exactly how the EEAS is used as a tool for empire building.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Thorsport Racing to celebrate its silver anniversary at Daytona International Speedway - Wednesday, 22 January 2020 11:50
INDYCAR stars set for Rolex 24 - Wednesday, 22 January 2020 10:23
Richmond Raceway Expands 2020 Track Laps for Charity Schedule - Wednesday, 22 January 2020 10:23
Roush Fenway Racing Names Castrol® as Team's Official Oil Partner - Wednesday, 22 January 2020 10:22
NTT INDYCAR SERIES drivers set for Rolex 24 at Daytona - Wednesday, 22 January 2020 10:22
Speedway News
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Jake Griffin Anxious For Gateway Motorsports Park Debut
23 Jun 2016 Speedway Digest Staff
Fresh off his first NASCAR Camping World Truck Series (NCTWS) race in a year, Jake Griffin is excited to head to Gateway (Ill.) Motorsports Park aboard the No. 63 Backlotauctions.com / Bridge Port Automotive Chevrolet Silverado and racing for a second consecutive weekend.
Last weekend at Iowa Speedway, Griffin methodically used the weekend to get back into a comfort zone. That comfort led to a respectable 21st place finish in the Speediatrics 200, the second-best run for his team this season.
Knowing that they utilized their resources to the best of their ability, the finish was a career best for Griffin, but this weekend overlooking the St. Louis Arch, the teenager is looking for more, a lot more.
"All things considered, I'm grateful that we had a solid, clean weekend at Iowa Speedway last weekend," said Griffin. "We made some great strides from practice to qualifying and the race. We had to fight the handling throughout the race, but the gains we made keep us going in the right direction and that's a positive feeling for the race this weekend."
Even though Griffin doesn't have any laps at Gateway's 1.25-mile oval, the avid racer is hopeful that the experience from crew chief and Motorsports veteran Rick Ren will pay dividends in the 160-lap race Saturday night.
"Iowa was my first time working with Rick (Ren)," added Griffin. "It's not surprising to see why he has been successful in racing. He has a lot of ideas. The most important thing is for us to continue to work on our communication and keep bouncing ideas off each other. I'm leaning on him a lot this weekend at Gateway and hope his experience and my focus will lead us to a good result."
When it comes to a result for his fourth career truck race, Griffin doesn't want to be greedy, but wants to see a gradual improvement over last weekend.
"This race is not only about seeing the checkered flag again, but hopefully a solid top-20 finish," he added. "With all the right circumstances, there's no doubt in my mind that we can have a top-15 finish. The series is extremely tough right now, but that's not a bad thing. That motivates me. Motivates us. You can't have any mistakes, whether it's on the track or pit road. A mistake can take a good night and ruin it within a blink of an eye. We don't want that, we just have to stay positive and focused.
"I'm anxious to see if Gateway is really a bigger Martinsville like I've heard. I made my truck debut at Martinsville last year, so I have a bunch of laps there. If that's the case, that could be a good baseline for us to start off. One way or another, we'll be fine, I just know it."
With an unknown future following Saturday night's race, the Quincy, Illinois native knows the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series is a place he'd like to call home more often.
"We're working on what's ahead," said Griffin. "I have some ARCA races on the dirt races this summer with Venturini Motorsports and I'm really stoked about that. They are a great team and have a lot of success, but long-term, trucks is where I want to be. Hopefully, we can continue to work hard on sponsorship and you'll see me back more often."
In addition to Backlotauctions.com and Bridge Port Automotive, Advanced Trading will serve as associate marketing partners this weekend at GMP.
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02.25 – Owner Documented Foreign Financial Institutions | FATCA & CRS Training. Advice. Consultancy.
In general, Owner Documented Financial Institution classification is intended to apply to closely held Passive Investment Vehicles that are Investment Entities, where meeting the obligations under the Agreement would be onerous given the size of the entity. The Owner Documented Financial Institution must provide the required documentation and agree to notify the other Financial Institution which is undertaking the reporting on behalf of the Owner Documented Financial Institution if there is a change in circumstances.
The Financial Institution must not be owned by, nor be a member of a group of Related Entities with any Financial Institution that is a Depository Institution, Custodial Institution or Specified Insurance Company.
The Financial Institution undertaking obligations on behalf of the Investment Entity must agree to report the information required on any Specified US Persons but will not need to report on any indirect owner of the owner documented entity that holds its interest through a participating Foreign Financial Institution, Model 1 Financial Institution, a Deemed Compliant Foreign Financial Institution (other than an Owner Documented Foreign Financial Institution), an entity that is a US Person, an Exempt Beneficial Owner, or an Excepted NFFE.


ASA Alloys supplies the Aerospace Industry with the best quality metals from industry approved mill sources. Much of our material carried in stock is used for landing gear and airframe components for our OEM and Tier 1 & 2 Aerospace customers.
If you don't see what you're looking for, email or call one of our sales specialists. With our extensive sourcing network, we can supply the hard to find items that other companies simply regret on.


The Roll-Out Storage Shelf Rack from MECO is at home in virtually any industry from manufacturing to warehousing. Roll out shelf racks are ideal for roll-out storage of dies, fixtures, engine parts, tooling or items that require secure storage with easy access.
Each roll out shelf handles 2000 lbs. of product.
Items can be loaded or unloaded into the roll out shelf rack by overhead crane or forklift.
Structural 3" channel frame is punched to permit 2" vertical adjust-ability of shelves while providing superior strength and durability.
Shelves made of 10 gauge steel roll out one at a time and lock in the extended position for maximum safety.
These racks by MECO are available in three heights and three shelf sizes. Three shelf or four shelf models available and the basic starter units can be expanded to meet ever-changing storage requirements with add-on units. Ships knocked down for freight savings.


text:
Chadron
Hot-springs
Northern-hills
Special Section Guides
Rapid City, SD (57701)
Thunderstorms likely this evening. Then the chance of scattered thunderstorms overnight. A few storms may be severe. Low 63F. Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 80%..
Thunderstorms likely this evening. Then the chance of scattered thunderstorms overnight. A few storms may be severe. Low 63F. Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 80%.
From left to right: Senior Airman Joshua Suss, Tech. Sgt. Domenic Mash and Master Sgt. Christopher Scott, 386th Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron Airmen, pose for a photo Nov. 7, 2017, in Southwest Asia. The Airmen bring knowledge and experience from both their military and civilian careers to make them more effective at home and abroad.
U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Louis Vega Jr.
Guard, Reserve defenders bring experience to the fight
Tech. Sgt. Louis Vega Jr. 386th Air Expeditionary Wing Public Affairs
SOUTHWEST ASIA | The training and experience Air National Guard and Reserve law enforcement Airmen gain in their civilian and military careers help keep people safe from enemies foreign and domestic. Many of these security forces members, or defenders, bring the knowledge of both careers to make them more effective both at home and abroad.
Master Sgt. Christopher Scott, 386th Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron operations noncommissioned officer in charge, is one of over 25 defenders currently deployed and attached to the squadron, with both a civilian and military law enforcement background.
"As far as being a civilian police officer, we get a lot of calls compared to military installation law enforcement," said Scott. "I feel like that has better prepared me for those high intensity calls or situations. I can curve that adrenaline and calmly think through the process."
Scott has been an Oklahoma City police officer for 10 years, and his home unit is the 507th SFS, at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma.
The contact security forces Airmen have with civilians is limited and the majority of people they deal with are professional military members or retirees. However, law enforcement in the military is broader as far as what the job entails, especially in a deployed environment.
"As a civilian [police officer], I'm not worried about suicide bombers, asset protection, or security of an installation," Scott said. "With security forces, we are responsible for a particular post or area and although we conduct a lot of security measures, a big portion of the job is waiting for something to happen."
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Tech. Sgt. Domenic Mash, 386th ESFS training NCOIC, has been a deputy sheriff with the Montgomery County Sheriff's office in Maryland for the past four years, and is attached to the 911th SFS, Pittsburgh International Airport Air Reserve Station, Pennsylvania.
"I train my people from my experiences," said Mash. "There is a bigger safety risk when you are dealing with the civilian public. I believe there are some training aspects I feel are safer from the civilian stand point that the military hasn't adopted yet."
The dual training, experience and skills these men and women bring to the table are undeniably important to the fight.
"No matter which job I'm at, the training I receive always crosses over to the other side," said Senior Airman Joshua Suss, 386th ESFS fire team member and Great Bend, Kansas police officer, deployed from the 22nd SFS at McConnell AFB, Kansas. "I can be training on defense tactics in my home department and turn around and do the same training for my reserve unit. As a law enforcement officer, you get in fights and the training you receive helps you get the job done."
The three Airmen have eight deployments between them and over 21 years of security forces experience. The calling to protect and serve varies between all three, but the reason for serving their country was the same.
"I have always had a military mentality," Scott concluded. "Both my grandfathers were in World War II and one was a prisoner of war for three years. If you want the great things our country has to offer, you have to give something back."
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Adding the following code snippet into the functions.php of your wordpress theme will allow you to redirect failed login attempts to any location.
Howdy. Wouldn't it be better to use a native WordPress function like wp_get_referer() instead of $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERRER']? Also, $referrer should probably be sanitized there with esc_url_raw() or something like that, and/or use wp_safe_redirect() instead – just to be sure $referrer wasn't spoofed.
Greg, Totally agree with you. Thanks for suggestions. ?


text:
Three quarters of Brazilian Amazon have been infected with COVID-19 since March
by Stephen Johns 08 December 2020
Three quarters of the population of Manaus in Brazil's Amazon have been infected with coronavirus since the city's first outbreak in March.
Researchers from Imperial's COVID-19 Response Team, and a team of international collaborators found that:
76% population in Manaus became infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March and October 2020
In contrast, they find that 29% became infected in São Paulo, the first city detecting SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Latin America
The international team, including scientists from the University of São Paulo, the Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, and the University of Oxford, have collected and analysed data on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, a marker of prior infection, among blood donors in the Brazilian cities of Manaus and São Paulo.
By testing approximately 1,000 blood donation samples each month in both São Paulo and Manaus, the researchers show how the proportion of blood donors with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 changed between February, before the first Brazilian COVID-19 case, and October, eight months into the on-going epidemic there.
The Amazon region is hardest hit
"The large burden of illness and death caused by COVID-19 in Manaus emphasises the importance of face coverings, social distancing and hand washing to stop the spread of infection throughout Brazil" Professor Nuno Faria Imperial College London
The results, published in the journal Science, show that, while both cities have experienced large epidemics with high mortality, as much as three-quarters of the population in Manaus was infected between March and October, and a third of the population in São Paulo.
The researchers used mathematical models to take into account waning of antibody titers measured by the researchers, as the proportion of blood donors testing positive halved between June and August.
The authors say that these results are a data-based warning of what may be the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of effective mitigation.
Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, with more than 6.5 million cases reported to date and more than 175,000 deaths.
The Amazon region, in the north of the country, has been hardest hit. In Manaus, mortality increased rapidly in April.
The researchers say that the large transmission rate in Manaus may be explained by socioeconomic conditions, household crowding, limited access to clean water, and reliance on high transmission risk boat travel, in which over-crowding results in accelerated contagion, similar to that seen on cruise ships.
'Warning for other cities'
Professor Nuno Faria, Reader at Imperial College London and Associate Professor at the University of Oxford, principal investigator of CADDE project, said: "The large burden of illness and death caused by COVID-19 in Manaus emphasises the importance of face coverings, social distancing and hand washing to stop the spread of infection throughout Brazil - measures that will be reinforced by vaccination to immunise individuals at risk and, ultimately, to protect whole populations."
Professor Ester Sabino, immunologist at the University of São Paulo, said: "Infection rates are currently high in Latin America and we find particularly high infection rates in Manaus, the largest urban metropolis in the Amazon region. Manaus is a warning for other cities, for example Sao Paulo could more than double the number of deaths if it reached a similar level of infection."
The research was supported by Itaú Unibanco Todos pela Saúde programme; CADDE Medical Research Council - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Wellcome Trust and Royal Society, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the US National Institutes of Health Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS).
Email: s.johns@imperial.ac.uk
Global-challenges-Health-and-wellbeing, Coronavirus, International, Global-health, Latin-America, COVIDWEF
COVID-19 in Brazil: Research reveals how epidemic spread around country
Coronavirus 'not yet under control' in Brazil, scientists warn
Dr Nuno Faria


A true gentleman: Alexander Skarsgård levels with HFPA president Meher Tatna.
Three fine gentlemen: Darren Criss, Robert Pattinson, Armie Hammer.
And one great lady: Sissy Spacek.
... and Matthew McConaughey and Timothee Chalamet.
... and so did newlywed King in the North Kit Harington.
Max Minghella had the solution to all that ails us.
It's a tradition: on the first Saturday of the Toronto International Film Festival, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, in partnership with InStyle, throws a party in honor of the event. And the stars show up en masse to celebrate the festival, the Association and each other - this year was no different.


The National Energy Board (NEB) has released a series of audit reports along with an associated Information Advisory (IA), expecting all regulated companies to use the audit findings to improve their management systems. This is the first time the NEB has issued an IA making this type of request to regulated industry.
Using a newly developed focused audit process, the NEB completed nine audit reports looking at eight companies. These NEB audits focused on two management system elements: investigating and reporting incidents and near-misses; and inspection measurement and monitoring.
In general, the companies audited demonstrated that they were conducting activities and identifying preventive actions required by regulations. Within the audit samples, the NEB noted some common areas for improvement such as updating processes, enhancing training programmes, improving documentation and records management. All companies audited have submitted Corrective Action Plans (CAP) to the NEB, and are already in the process of addressing the issues identified. The NEB will follow-up on all corrective actions.
Review the all information in the audit reports and consider all learnings.
Compare the information in the audit reports against their management system.
Use those findings to ensure their infrastructure meets the NEB's regulatory requirements and consider any improvements.
This proactive measure supports the NEB's goal of zero harm to people and the environment, and supports its commitment to preventing incidents before they happen.
NEB-regulated companies are expected to have a robust management system in place supported by a strong safety culture. This focused audit process takes an innovative approach to reviewing company management systems. It will enable us to take a snapshot in time, therefore mapping out a clear picture of common issues across industry.
Rather than looking at one company's entire management system, the new protocol looks at one requirement across multiple companies – essentially using our existing compliance data in a new targeted way that puts a spotlight on any systemic problems. The goal was to create a more flexible audit process that could be completed faster, with the ability to easily trend data and compare findings. These reports are also shorter and plain language, making them more accessible to Canadians.


text:
Levitation est un projet de surveillance de masse par lequel le gouvernement canadien collecte des données de communication dans divers pays à travers  l'Europe, l'Amérique du Nord et l'Afrique du Nord.

Levitation est le nom de code du projet entamé depuis la mi-2012 par le Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications Canada (CSTC), l'équivalent canadien du National Security Agency (NSA) américain.

Les analystes du CSTC utilisent un programme informatique appelé  Atomic Banjo

pour recueillir entre 10 et 15 millions de téléchargements (downloads) et téléversements (uploads) par jour sur les sites de téléchargement gratuit.

Un document confidentiel a été révélé au public concernant le projet Levitation le  par Edward Snowden.

Le projet

Description

Le projet Levitation a été enclenché à la mi-2012 par le gouvernement canadien et permet de surveiller et de collecter des vidéos, des documents et de la musique en infiltrant les fournisseurs d'accès à Internet (FAI)
.

Le CSTS est ainsi capable d'intercepter tous les téléchargements et les téléversements des utilisateurs Internet surveillés. De plus, comme le révèle le document confidentiel, le projet Levitation assure la surveillance de plus de 102 sites de téléchargement gratuit (en anglais, free file upload ou FFU), notamment le défunt site Megaupload. Parmi les 102 sites surveillés, seulement deux autres ont été révélés : RapidShare et SendSpace. Les sites de téléchargement gratuit sont couramment utilisés par le public pour partager et télécharger des vidéos, des photos et d'autres documents.

L'objectif du CSTC est de traquer et de surveiller des individus ayant des comportements suspects ou reliés à des activités terroristes dans le but de prévenir des attaques terroristes. Comme exemple, selon le document révélé par Snowden, un des sites surveillés est The Explosives Course
,
un manuel rédigé en anglais par Al-Qaïda sur la fabrication de bombes et d'engins explosifs. Cependant, dans son processus, le CSTC examine un grand nombre de données personnelles et privées d'internautes qui n'ont aucune connexion à des réseaux terroristes et qui n'ont rien commis d'illégal. Bien que le projet Levitation soit une initiative du gouvernement canadien, il recueille des informations sur des citoyens d'autres pays que le Canada
.

Révélation par Edward Snowden

Le , Edward Snowden, un ex-consultant de la NSA, a révélé des informations sur le projet Levitation en collaboration avec le réseau de nouvelles canadien CBC et le site Internet The Intercept
. Cette révélation est une parmi des dizaines d'autres faites par Snowden.

Diapositives

Voici quelques diapositives de la présentation du projet Levitation :

Réactions politiques

Parti libéral du Canada

Lors d'une conférence de presse le , le député, maintenant premier ministre du Canada, Justin Trudeau, a commenté les révélations du projet Levitation en demandant une surveillance accrue des responsables du projet :
.

Madame Joyce Murray, critique de la défense libérale, a déclaré que les lois canadiennes sur la collecte des données digitales n'étaient pas adéquates, ce qui permet au gouvernement d'utiliser les données recueillies comme bon lui semble, sans risque de sanction. Elle ajoute que le gouvernement doit mieux protéger la vie et les informations privées des citoyens canadiens.

Politique internationale

À la suite des révélations sur le projet Levitation par Snowden, l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe a commenté les effets négatifs qu'ont les projets de surveillance électronique sur les droits de la personne. L'Assemblée était de plus très concernée sur les pratiques des projets de surveillance de masse et leur manque de régulation et de protection technique
.

Méthode de recherche
Tamir Israël, avocat sur la politique Internet à l'Université d'Ottawa, explique que le projet Levitation utilise un algorithme pour suivre et identifier un individu qui a téléchargé ou consulté des documents suspects ou reliés à des activités à allure terroriste. Le programme surveille d'abord un fichier ou document à allure suspecte et lorsqu'un ordinateur accède à ce fichier le programme note l'adresse IP de l'appareil et entame une recherche plus avancée. L'adresse IP de l'appareil donne l'identité du fournisseur d'accès à Internet qui alimente cette adresse. Le CSTC contacte ce fournisseur pour connaître l'identité de la personne  qui utilise l'adresse IP. Par la suite, le CSTC amasse des informations sur cette personne. Le gouvernement utilise aussi le programme Mutant Broth, une banque de données administrée par les espions électroniques britanniques du Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). En entrant l'adresse IP dans la banque de données, il est possible de voir les activités en ligne de l'appareil 5 heures avant l'accès au fichier et 5 heures après
.

Les données privées, ainsi que toutes les activités en ligne de l'individu sont alors emmagasinées dans une banque de données pour des analyses plus poussées. Ces informations peuvent être échangées avec d'autres agences de surveillance gouvernementales ou privées.

Citation originale

Références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Historique des révélations d'Edward Snowden
 Five Eyes

Autres programmes de surveillance :
 Bullrun (États-Unis)
 Boundless Informant (États-Unis)
 Muscular (Royaume-Uni)
 Optic Nerve (Royaume-Uni)
 PRISM (États-Unis)
 Tempora (Royaume-Uni)
 XKeyscore (États-Unis)

Renseignement d'origine électromagnétique
Surveillance
Edward Snowden

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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#LETSBECANDID
Let's Talk Value of Self Networking Diversity Social Media
Speaking Candidly...
Kia, Come Now!
Let's Talk/
Value of Self
Speaking Candidly.../
Her Story/
Kia, Come Now!/
KIA WEATHERSPOON
Entrepreneur. Designer. Educator. Speaker.
Kia Weatherspoon's path to interior design was unplanned. After 13 years of training as a ballet dancer her collegiate pursuit of her childhood passion was inevitable. What Kia did not foresee was being unable to afford her dream at the university level. Her solution to the lack of financial aid led her to the U.S. Air Force in 2001. Kia's plan was simple to utilize the military's educational benefits to pay for her academic endeavors. She intended to serve her country during the day and continue her dance education at night. However, the unforeseen tragedy of September 11th would alter those plans.
Shortly after 9-11 Kia was deployed to the Middle East to a bare base. In laymen terms imagine sand, tents, aircraft hangers, and more sand. In a shared space with fifteen other women Kia needed a sanctuary. She needed a place to let out the flood of emotions generated because it was her first time away from her family and out of the country. However, what Kia lacked thousands of miles away from home was privacy and a sense of comfort. So, when military supply issued troops sheets and miscellaneous items for their tent city living quarters, Kia didn't put them on her cot so she could sleep comfortably. She took some string hung it from the top of the tent and created three sheet walls around her cot. That was the first space Kia created, a space that wasn't dictated by extravagant finishes and furniture. It was a space that evoked an emotional reaction and a lasting memory. When Kia left the military in 2004, she knew she wanted to create spaces.
After 10 years of diverse design experience in Hospitality, Multi-Family and High-end Residential markets, Kia founded Determined by Design, a boutique firm specializing in designing and crafting interior stories. She has a Bachelors and Masters of Fine Arts in Interior Design from Moore College of Art & Design and Corcoran College of Art & Design, respectively. Kia believes in service based leadership, demonstrated through active involvement with the American Society of Interior Design (ASID). When summarized by her top five Gallup Strengths, Kia is a futuristic, positive, WOO that is strategic and a activator. She also has a prowess for strategic social media development.


Arguably, one of the many reasons why consumers may have wanted to choose a Pixel or Pixel XL over other flagship smartphones was the inclusion of specific features that Google was making exclusive to the Pixel lineup, one of those being the completely unlimited storage of photos and videos at full resolution. Now with Android 7.1.1, Google is planning on bringing at least some of the Pixel-exclusive features over to their currently supported Nexus devices. This means that those who are on last year's Nexus 5X and Nexus 6P are going to be getting some neat little treats this holiday season.
The timing of this news really couldn't be more perfect now that Google just posted the factory images and OTA images for Android 7.1.1 Nougat earlier this morning, which means that in the very near future any supported Nexus devices which are scheduled to get the update to Android 7.1.1 will be getting the bump up. That said, it is worth noting that Google highlights "many of the cool features of Pixel" will be making their way over to everyone else, so not all the Pixel features will be transplanted. Google states that the Android 7.1.1 update introduces new ways for people to express themselves, and in regards to that, one of the features that will be available on Nexus devices getting the update to Android 7.1.1 Nougat are the new set of emoji which promote gender equality.
Emoji can be great, but not everyone likes to use emoji, some users prefer to be expressive with the inclusion of GIF images in their messages instead, and Android 7.1.1 is making this easier to do with direct access to sharing GIF images from the keyboard. That said, this is only for the applications which support it like Allo and Messenger for just a couple of examples. Nevertheless, it makes sharing a GIF a lot easier. The last feature that's part of this update is the app shortcuts. While this has been available on the Pixel devices since launch, supported Nexus devices getting Android 7.1.1 will be able to use the app shorts from the home screen for supported apps, many of which already have them implemented, making for quick and direct access to specific actions inside of those apps instead of having to open the app first then navigate to those functions. While the update is starting today, the entire process of updating everyone will happen through this week and over the next several weeks according to Google, so not everyone will see the update immediately. Devices that can expect this update are of course the Nexus 5X and Nexus 6P, the Nexus 6, the Nexus 9 tablet, the Nexus Player, the Pixel C tablet, the General Mobile 4G, and last but certainly not least, both the Pixel and the Pixel XL will get this update as well.


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Digital violence can refer to:

 violence in computer games
 disruptive actions online, such as cyber-bullying or cyberwarfare


I am continuing this blog's tradition of a New Year's cards, even while thinking of closing down deadprogrammer.com. I might do it the Dr. Fun way – get it to 10 years and call it quits.
This was a tough fricking year. I spent it on call for application breakdowns, learning system administration, stressing out of my mind, hitting hard deadlines, missing soft ones, gaining 15 pounds, etc, etc.
I was stupid enough not to listen to my very smart friend and keeping my 401K in S&P 500 instead of in cash equivalent funds. I did have enough sense to sell it after Lehman Brothers shat the bed.
This was my first year of being 99% free of Microsoft Windows. Indeed, once you go Mac you don't go back.
An interesting new web application that I worked on in my spare time should launch around February. I did waste a lot of my free time watching "my stories" ("The Wire", "Mad Men", "How It's Made", and other yuppie deligths), but I did not waste all of it. You'll see.
In any case, I wish you all a very happy, healthy and prosperous New Year!


A fan has reedited the trailer for Pokemon: Detective Pikachu by replacing Ryan Reynolds with Danny DeVito.
When the first trailer for the Japanese version of Detective Pikachu was made available, fans were quick to petition Nintendo to cast Danny DeVito in the titular role. One fan even remade trailer by adding dialogue of DeVito's character from It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia. So it only made sense to do the same for the trailer for the upcoming film, Pokemon: Detective Pikachu.
Even though fans have high hopes with Ryan Reynolds taking on the role, deep inside we all know Danny DeVito would have been perfect for the role.
Based on the video game of the same name, the movie follows Tim Goodman working with Detective Pikachu to locate his missing father. The film is set to be released sometime during the Summer 2019 season.


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Steven Adams rebounding well for Oklahoma City Thunder
By CardiacHill@AnsonWhaley Nov 8, 2013, 11:00am EST
Share All sharing options for: Steven Adams rebounding well for Oklahoma City Thunder
Peter G. Aiken-USA TODAY Sports
I've been following Steven Adams ever since he left Pitt and despite a lot of questions about his college career, the big man is definitely playing a role for the Oklahoma City Thunder.
First things first, Adams playing any kind of role for the team is a big deal. It's true that as a lottery pick, he should be expected to produce on some level right away, but most of those players go to bad teams. Adams is on a team that could reach the NBA Finals so him contributing on any level is noteworthy.
The former Pitt center isn't doing much scoring. Through the team's first three games, Adams was averaging a modest four points a game in about 17 minutes of action. His per 48 minute average would be just under 12 points per contest, so it's clear he's not been an offensive juggernaut. But the thing to remember is that playing on a team with Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook, he's just not going to get a lot of shots.
One thing Adams has done well in his limited sample size, though, is rebound. His five rebounds per game average are good for third on the team despite his limited minutes. That number is also more than the 3.3 posted by starter Kendrick Perkins, who's been playing a few more minutes.
I made this point earlier in the offseason, but Adams could very well turn into a starter this season. I would have thought to be unheard of when he was drafted, but Perkins flopped miserably in the playoffs last season and the team also let go of center Daniel Orton. The only other competition is from DeJuan Blair chew toy Hasheem Thabeet so it's safe to say that Adams has a real chance to start at some point. It's all going to depend on how Perkins responds, but one thing I expect Adams to do is get significantly better as the season goes on. That's what happened with him at Pitt last year and it's fair to assume he'll continue to develop this year.
Be sure to join Cardiac Hill's Facebook page and follow us on Twitter @PittPantherBlog for our regular updates on Pitt athletics. Follow the author and manager/editor of Cardiac Hill @AnsonWhaley


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Noel Schajris
Noel Schajris was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. After working from very young in his career as a soloist and composer, he moved to Mexico in 1997 and subsequently recorded his first album, "Cita en la Nubes". One year later Noel met Leonel Garcia, another great songwriter and performer, and immediately discovered the ideal formula that would unite their talents to form the successful duo Sin Bandera.
Since its debut in 2001, Sin Bandera has surprised audiences with its compositions and vocals. "Come into My Life," the first single from their eponymous album became a success to be followed by many more. The group was consistently at the top of the charts until 2008, when each of its members decided to continue their journey as a soloist. Noel is currently working as a composer and in 2009 released his second solo album, Uno No Es Uno.
How we met:
Noel met Enzo Buono in India where they collaborated on their first album together. They've been friends ever since, and have recorded songs together in India, Mexico and the United States.
Chanda Mama | Song Around The World
Roberto Luti,
Folk song,
Song Around The World
Imagine | Song Around The World
John Lennon,
Clarence Bekker
Chanda Mama | 10th Anniversary Song Around The World
Indian folk song
Oye Como Va | Audio Digital Download
The Weight | Song Around The World | Digital Download
Stand By Me | Digital Download
La Bamba | Digital Download


text:
Q: Timeout error when reading from USB Multimeter I need to extract data from a digital multimeter using a USB connection and Python on my Raspberry Pi. Here I have a very basic Python script for reading from a generic USB device, and note that the idVendor and idProduct variables are correct for the multimeter I am using:
import usb.core

dev=usb.core.find(idVendor=0x067b,idProduct=0x2303)
ep=dev[0].interfaces()[0].endpoints()[0]
i=dev[0].interfaces()[0].bInterfaceNumber
dev.reset()

if dev.is_kernel_driver_active(i):
   dev.detach_kernel_driver(i)

dev.set_configuration()
eaddr=ep.bEndpointAddress

r=dev.read(eaddr,1024)
print(len(r))

I have a rules file in the path /etc/udev/rules.d/99-usbftdi.rules. It has the following:
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0x067b", MODE="0666"

When I try to execute the file while I have the multimeter turned on connected to my Raspberry Pi, I get the following error message:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "usbRead.py", line 14, in <module>
    r=dev.read(eaddr,1024)
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/usb/core.py", line 1024, in read
    self.__get_timeout(timeout))
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/usb/backend/libusb1.py", line 869, in intr_read
    timeout)
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/usb/backend/libusb1.py", line 954, in __read
    _check(retval)
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/usb/backend/libusb1.py", line 602, in _check
    raise USBTimeoutError(_strerror(ret), ret, _libusb_errno[ret])
usb.core.USBTimeoutError: [Errno 110] Operation timed out

------------------
(program exited with code: 1)
Press return to continue

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Santa Clara County offering appointment-based coronavirus testing
Coronavirus in the Bay Area
Bay City News
A healthcare worker organizes Covid-19 tests that were just administered at United Memorial Medical Center Covid-19 testing site in Houston, Texas Thursday, June 25, 2020. (Photo by MARK FELIX/AFP /AFP via Getty Images)
SANTA CLARA COUNTY, Calif. - Beginning this week, Santa Clara County will provide appointment-based testing sites on a consistently scheduled, rotating basis, according to County Supervisor Joseph Simitian.
Testing sites will take place in cities including Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale.
"Convenience is key," Simitian said. "If we want more people to be tested, providing locally available and convenient sites is essential."
The new sites will require an appointment, which will be open for scheduling three days before the testing date. Appointments can be scheduled online.
RELATED: Santa Clara County health officer 'anxious' about incomplete COVID-19 data
Simitian said the county moved to an appointment-based system to ensure that people can be tested promptly without having to wait in long lines, or "even worse, discovering they would have to come back another time."
He said, "Residents will now be able to know when testing will be available in their community and can more easily plan in advance."
The new county testing sites will be operating in August and September on the following dates:
Cupertino Senior Center: first and third Wednesdays, Aug. 5, Aug. 19, Sept. 2, and Sept. 16, 21251 Stevens Creek Blvd., Cupertino
Los Altos Youth Center: second Thursdays, Aug. 13 and Sept. 10, 1 N. San Antonio Rd, Los Altos
Los Altos Hills Town Hall: first Fridays, Aug. 7 and Sept. 4, 26379 W. Fremont Blvd., Los Altos Hills
Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts: first and third Tuesdays, Aug. 4, Aug. 18, Sept. 1, and Sept. 15, 500 Castro Street, Mountain View
Palo Alto Art Center Auditorium: second and fourth Fridays, Aug. 14, Aug. 28, Sept. 11, and Sept. 25, 1313 Newell Road, Palo Alto
Saratoga Friendship Hall: fourth Thursdays, Aug. 27 and Sept. 24, 19841 Prospect Road, Saratoga
Murphy Park: second and fourth Mondays - Aug. 10, Aug. 24, Sept. 14, and Sept. 28, 260 N. Sunnyvale Avenue, Sunnyvale
Testing will be conducted from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. and will be free. Doctor's notes and health insurance are also not required.


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Maxus UK has just launched a new division, Maxus Partnerships; offering brands an innovative partnerships model focusing on collaboration and content, further enhanced by Maxus' ongoing and significant investment in technology.
The new division will be led by Laura Wade, head of Maxus Partnerships, who joins the agency for this role. Wade will be reporting into Tim Irwin, chief operating officer at Maxus.
Wade joins Maxus from UTV's talkSPORT and Sport magazine where she was head of digital, working closely with editorial teams and rights holders to create content-led partnerships for sponsors. In September 2012 Wade was responsible for launching the first talkSPORT Sports Connectors Social Media conference. Prior to talkSPORT Wade was at Carat Sponsorship for seven years, working with clients such as Diageo, Airmiles, J&J and General Motors. In 2009, the Vauxhall Tigra sponsorship of Britain's Next Top Model, led and managed by Wade, won gold at the Hollis Awards.
Maxus Partnerships provides clients with a truly integrated approach to partnerships that has evolved beyond the traditional platform model, to put the emphasis on content and open collaboration with a brand's audiences. Clients will have access to a team of specialists capable of creating best-in-class work.


Below are a few of the kind things that our readers have had to say about Conservative Joe.Thank you for the encouragement, and for taking the time to write down your thoughts and praise.
Very stylish, very clean, very good. Good luck with this – my golly we need it.
Dear "Joe": What a wonderful delight to run across a site that espouses rational and logical conservatism and common sense. Best Wishes, WB. – an American reader.
THANK YOU TO ALL WHO TAKE THE TIME TO FORWARD THEIR KIND WORDS AND SUPPORT. THEY ARE APPRECIATED SO MUCH. – John Lawrence, editor.


NEWPORT — A knife-swinging melee in downtown Newport Saturday night has led to charges here this week in Orleans County Superior Court.
As the only suspect cited for his role in the fracas, Everett Wilson, 26, of Newport pled innocent to both a felony charge of aggravated assault with a weapon and to a companion misdemeanor of possessing a narcotic.
Mr. Wilson was released on conditions, including a nighttime curfew, a ban on possessing weapons, and a restriction from going into bars or liquor stores.
The charges arose out of what police say was a large fight fueled by blame and mistrust that one of the combatants was a snitch, who had informed on drug dealers or users.
It was late Saturday night on August 19 when Newport police arrived at the downtown intersection of Central and Main. They were responding to reports that people were fighting in the streets, and that one was armed with a knife, according to the affidavit of Newport Patrolman Tanner Jacobs.
Police say they corralled two men, including Mr. Wilson, and were holding them at gunpoint when a third man aggressively approached them with blood on his right hand and arm.


text:
In 2018 werd het 102de Campeonato Amazonense gespeeld voor clubs uit Braziliaanse staat Amazonas. De competitie werd georganiseerd door de FAF en werd gespeeld van 20 januari tot 7 april. Manaus werd kampioen.

Eerste toernooi

Eerste fase

Groep A

Groep B

Tweede fase
In geval van gelijkspel worden er strafschoppen genomen, tussen haakjes weergegeven.

Tweede toernooi

Eerste fase

Groep A

Groep B

Tweede fase
In geval van gelijkspel worden er strafschoppen genomen, tussen haakjes weergegeven.

Finale

Totaalstand

Kampioen

Externe link
 RSSSF

Campeonato Amazonense
Ama


The larger 3" x 8" size of the stone makes for easier sharpening of larger tools and blades like planer blades, and where the use of a honing guide may be preferred for correct sharpening angles.
Use the medium stone for fast sharpening of knives, chisels and woodworking tools to a high quality finish. The medium stone is suitable for taking out small nicks in chisels and blade edges.


Our current exhibit at the Gallery at the Garden, "Perfect Imperfection," features works by photographers Liz LaVorgna and Shanta L.E. It's on view at our headquarters , the Robert H. Gibson River Garden at 157 Main Street, Brattleboro, Vermont. The exhibit is open until the end of September and is in partnership with the Women's Freedom Center and the Arts Council of Windham County.
Perfect Imperfection is a collaborative photography and creative writing project by Liz LaVorgna & Shanta L.E. Perfect Imperfection is a window to emotion presenting what people feel is imperfect about themselves emotionally or physically. It's about discovery, a journey and acceptance.
This project is an invitation to the community to accept and embrace their imperfections through photographs and story. Our visual and written stories include emotionally charged topics like abandonment and domestic violence as well as physical issues including varying degrees of body shame. In a society that relies on PhotoShop and other techniques to present individuals as perfect we are facing more pressure than ever before to become what we are not.
The exhibit will encourage dialogue about imperfections and how we can work to embrace them. Perfection is a universal issue that everyone strives for and suffers from. Perceived imperfection is like heavy armor. We carry it around every day and we think it protects us. In reality it shields the world out and keeps us from fully accepting and embracing ourselves. Just as things are not negative or positive, they ARE. We ARE.
Perfect Imperfection is an exhibit, an event and a movement.
Also, look for Liz LaVorgna at the River Garden's Brown Bag Lunch Event on September 17th from 12-1pm! Everyone is welcome.


SpeedStore Joomla Website - Website has been completely designed and modified to look, and feel like the PDF document that was provided. StormBiz also manages Speedstore's Botswana Website, as well as SpeedSpace Websites, Both South African and Botswana versions.
The website template design boasts a customised order form, that generates the quantity items, and total amount as you add it. Website has been optomized for Desktop, tablet and mobiles. Website includes enhanced contact form to capture more information than the standard joomla contact form. Website has been optimized for search engines with SEO Url's, meta tags, descriptions and keywords.
Enhanced Contact PageWebsite has an enhanced contact pages, including Google maps integration and custom fields.


text:
Highlighting partnerships at Swindon College graduation
In this section: News Sub menu
Swindon College will mark one of the high points in its calendar this Friday (7 October) as they hold their graduation ceremony.
Oxford Brookes University partners with Swindon College as part of its Associate College Partnership, which has been running successfully for 12 years and offers students alternative ways to gain higher education qualifications.
The College is one of the largest providers of higher education in Wiltshire with over 500 undergraduates studying for a wide variety of qualifications.
Students can study for a range of Oxford Brookes degree courses including a BA (Hons) in Graphic Design or Early Childhood studies or a foundation degree in Health and Social Care or Mechanical Engineering.
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text:
Onjo of Baekje
Onjo (?–28, r. 18 BC – AD 28[1]) was the founding monarch of Baekje (백제,百濟), one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.[2] According to the Samguk Sagi (삼국사기, 三國史記), he founded the royal family of Baekje.
온조왕
溫祚王
Revised Romanization
Onjo-wang
McCune–Reischauer
2 Founding and expansion of Baekje
3 Death and succession
4 Samguk Sagi
6 Popular culture
There are a few theories and legends of Onjo's parentage. One is that he was the third son of King Dongmyeong (Jumong), the founder of the northern Korean kingdom Goguryeo.[3] He was the younger brother of Yuri, who became Goguryeo's second king, and younger brother of Biryu who built small state in Michuhol.[4]
The second theory is that he is the son of Wutae, his mother's first husband. A third legend says that his older brother Biryu was his mother's son with Wutae but Onjo was born after the second marriage with King Dongmyeong.[5]
Founding and expansion of BaekjeEdit
Dongmyeong had three sons: Yuri, Biryu, and Onjo. When Yuri, born from Dongmyeong's previous wife in Dongbuyeo, came to Goguryeo and became the heir to the throne, Biryu and Onjo moved south to found their own kingdoms.[6] According to the Samguk Yusa, Biryu founded his kingdom in Michuhol (미추홀/彌鄒忽), but his didn't last long.[6] Biryu's people joined Sipje after Biryu's death and Onjo renamed it to Baekje. After that, the capital city of Baekje was moved southward from Habuk Wiryeseong because the Malgal were located at the North and Nangnang was located to the East.[6] Both capital cities correspond to land within current Seoul. In 13 BC and 8 BC, the Malgal tribes attacked from the north, and both times, Onjo directly led his armies and won victories over the invaders. In 5 BC, Onjo moved the capital city to a more defensible location south of the Han River, renaming it Hanam Wiryeseong, and sent a messenger to the king of the Mahan confederacy telling him of the recent action.[6]
At this time, Onjo already had plans of conquering Mahan and Jinhan. By 7 AD, he was already preparing his armies for war and finally attacked during 8 AD. In 8 AD, he secretly took his armies across the border, laying the deceit that he was going to hunt in the forests. Soon, all of Mahan except for two fortresses were conquered.[6][7] The citizens of the last two Mahan fortresses surrendered to Onjo and were given mercy. The Mahan King, however, committed suicide and left a letter for Onjo, asking him to take in Mahan's people with kindness and mercy. Onjo respected the Mahan King's last request and took his people in.
However, according to a recent study, Baekje conquered Mahan's Mokji after the mid-3rd century. In fact, it is presumed to be an article written for the founder about the events of later generations.
Baekje had expanded greatly, and several fortresses were being built every year. Peace lasted for 8 years until 16 AD, when a former Mahan general caused a rebellion. Onjo directly led an army of 5,000 and successfully destroyed the rebellion. Soon after this, the Malgal tribes invaded again during 22 AD, but were once again defeated by Onjo and his army.[6][7]
Death and successionEdit
Onjo died of natural causes in 28 AD, during the 46th year of his reign. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Daru. Onjo laid the foundations for a powerful dynasty that would last for 678 years and 31 rulers.
Samguk SagiEdit
"The first ancestor of the Baekje [kings] was King Onjo. His father was Chumo, also known as Jumong. From Bukbuyeo he escaped peril and arrived in Jolbon Buyeo. The king of Buyeo was without a male child, and only had three daughters. Upon seeing Jumong, they knew he was not an ordinary man, and made his second daughter [Jumong's] wife. Shortly thereafter, the king of Buyeo died. Jumong succeeded him to the throne and had two children. The oldest was called Biryu, and the next was called Onjo (it is also said that Jumong went to Jolbon and married a woman from Wolgun, and that he had two sons [by her]). Now Jumong, when he was in Bukbuyeo, had one son, who came and became the crown prince. Biryu and Onjo were afraid that they would not be treated well by the one who had become crown prince, and so with Ogan, Mayeo, and some other ten ministers went south with a large number of commoners following them. Then they reached Mt. Hansan and climbed themselves to the summit to look upon the land where they were. Biryu wanted to settle on the beach, and the ten ministers admonished him, saying "But the land to the south of the river: in the north it is bordered by the Han river, and the East occupied by high mountain peaks; the south faces marshland, and the west is guarded by the sea. This benefits of this divinely strategic land possess a fate not easily acquired. Why should you not make your capital in this place? However Biryu did not listen, and divided the people, and he reverted to Michuhol and settled there. Onjo made his capital south of the river in Wiryeseong, and the ten ministers assisted him, and the country was called Sipje. This happened in the third year of Hongjia, during the reign of Emperor Cheng of the Early Han. Biryu was in Michu, where the earth was wet and the rivers salty, and could not dwell in security. Then he returned to look upon Wirye, where the capital and its villages were stable as a three-legged cauldron, and the people dwelt in security. Then he was ashamed and died. His ministers and people all returned to Wirye. Afterwards in the times that came the people were happy and obedient, and the name [of the kingdom] was changed to Baekje. Its lineage and that of Kogyureo are both out of Buyeo, therefore they took the surname Buyeo. One version says, the first ancestor was King Biryu, and that his father was Utae, an illegitimate grandson of the king of Bukbuyeo Hae Buru. His mother was Soseono, a daughter of Yeon Ta-bal (延陀勃), a man of Jolbon. She was married to Utae and gave birth to two sons. The oldest was called Biryu, and the younger called Onjo. Utae died and she was widowed, and settled in Jolbon. After some time Jumong was not well-treated in Buyeo – this was during the second year of Jianzhao in early Han [during the reign of Emperor Yuan]. In spring of the second month, he fled south to Jolbon and established the capital of Goguryeo. He married Soseono and she became his consort, and because she, in the creation of his realm, rendered great assistance, Jumong especially favored them and received Biryu and the other as if they were his own sons. When Jumong was in Buyeo he had a child Yuryu by a woman of the Ye clan, and when he came he was made crown prince and the one who would succeed him. Therefore, Biryu asked his younger brother Onjo, saying "Originally the great king fled the difficulties in Buyeo and escaped here. Our mother's clan poured out the riches of their house to aid in the endeavor [of creating the kingdom], and her toils were many. Now the great king has left this world, and the state has fallen to Yuryu, and if we were to follow along here it would be as depressing as a tumor. Would it not be respectful to our mother's clan if we went to the south and divined the land, and established a separate capital?" Then he and his brother many factions, and crossed the Pae and Dae rivers, and arrived in Michuhol and settled there. The Pei Shih and Book of Sui both tell that one descendant of Dongmyeong was Gutae who was sincere in his benevolence. When he first established his country in the territory of the former commandery of Daifang, the prefect of the Han territory of Liaodong, Gongsun Du, had his daughter marry [Gutae]. Afterwards [his country] became a powerful state among the Eastern Barbarians. It is unknown which is true [of these accounts]."
18 BC, spring, fifth month. The court of King Dongmyeong was established.
17 BC, spring, first month. The king asked the myriad ministers, saying, "The Mohe assemble on my northern boder, and these people are fierce and have many tricks. We should ready our soldiers, store up grain, and make a plan for our defense. Third month. The king, because the clan leader Euleum possessed both knowledge and bravery, appointed him Marshal Bulwark of the Right, and entrusted him with matters relating to the soldiers and horses.
16 BC, autumn, ninth month. The Mohe invaded the northern border. The king led powerful soldiers to a quick attack and defeated them handily. The rebels who lived to return were only one or two of every ten. Winter, tenth month. There was lightning, and the peaches and plums blossomed.
15 BC, spring and summer, there was drought, famine, and plague. Autumn, eighth month. Envoys were sent to Lelang to cultivate favor.
14 BC, winter, tenth month. The king took a tour of the northern regions to console them. He went hunting and got a supernal deer.
13 BC, autumn, seventh month, last day of the month (辛未晦). There was a solar eclipse.
11 BC, spring, second month. Three thousand of the Mohe came and surrounded Wiryeseong. The king shut the fort and would not go out. After ten days time the rebels had depleted their stores and returned. The king led a sharp thrust and chased them to the Daebuhyeon, where he fought and overcame them. Over 500 were killed or captured. Autumn, seventh month. The fort of Masuseong was constructed, and a palisade was erected at Mt. Byeongsan. The prefect of Lelang sent a messenger to report: "Recently you inquired about connecting in good favor, with the intention of making us like the same family. But now at the boundary of our territory you have built a fortress and a palisade. Is this some scheme to munch away [our territory] like a silkworm? If there is no change in our former good relations, then destroy the fort and tear down the palisade, and accordingly we will feel no more doubt. However, if you do not approve, then we request a battle to decide winner and loser.
Then the king said, "Doing construction at strategic points and protecting the country has been the usual way of things from the past up to now. How dare you change our peaceful relations because of this. You should not have any doubts about this matter! If you presume to lead out a force because of this, then accordingly our tiny country will await you." Therefore, peaceful relations with Lelang were lost.
9 BC, autumn, ninth month. The king went hunting and got a supernal deer, which was sent to Mahan. Winter, tenth month. The Mohe invaded the northern frontier. The king dispatched 200 soldiers and they gave battle on the bank of the Gonmi river. Our army failed, and set in at Mt. Cheongbok to defend themselves. The king himself led 100 elite cavalry and went out to Bonghyeon to help them. The bandits saw this and retreated.
8 BC, summer, fourth month. Lelang sent the Mohe to attack the palisade at Mt. Byeongsan. They killed or captured over 100 people. In autumn, seventh month, the twin palisades of Mt. Doksan and Gucheon River were constructed, thereby blocking the road to Lelang.
6 BC, spring, second month. In the king's capital and old woman changed into a man, and five tigers came into the fort. The king's mother died. She was 61 years old. Summer, fifth month. The king asked his ministers, saying, "The state in the east is Lelang and to the north are the Mohe, and they attack our borders. Days of peace are few, and now there are incidents of strange omens that are seen again and again. Also, the country's mother has passed, and things will not settle down on their own. It is necessary to move the country. Earlier I went took a look at the land south of the Han river where the soil is fertile and suitable for our capital. There we can plan to have long-lasting stability." Autumn, seventh month. At the foot of Mt. Chwihan a palisade was built, and they relocated the households of Wiryeseong. Eighth month. A messenger was dispatched to the Mahan to tell them the capital had been moved, and to fix the borders of the country. In the north it extended to the river, in the south to the Hanung river, in the west to the great sea, and in the east up to Juyang. Ninth month. A fort was built.
5 BC, spring, first month. The capital was relocated. Second month. The king made a tour to console settlements, and he encouraged agriculture. Autumn, seventh month. The fortress was built to the northwest of the Han river, and the people of Hanseong were divided [to occupy it].
4 BC, spring, first month. The new palace was built, and it was economical without being crude. They stood in the court to honor the king's mother.
1 BC, winter, tenth month. The Mohe executed an ambush, and the king led soldiers against them to fight at the Chiljung river. Their chieftain, Somo, was captured and sent to Mahan. The rest of the brigands were buried. 11th month. The king wanted to attack Lelang at the fortress of Mt. Udu, and he went to Gugok when there was heavy snow and he had to turn back.
1 AD, spring, second month. The king built a great altar and personally offered sacrifices to heaven. Five strange birds flew by.
3 AD, autumn, eighth month. The two fortresses of Seokdu and Gobok were constructed. Ninth month. The king led 1,000 infantry and cavalry to Yeopbu in Liaodong, where he came across Mohe brigands, fought, and defeated them. The captured slaves were divided up as rewards among the officers.
5 AD, autumn, seventh month. The king made the palisade of Ungcheon. The king of Mahan sent envoys to reproach him, saying "When the king first crossed the river and had no place set foot, I ceded him 100 ri of land in the northeast in peace. This reception of the king was not ungenerous, and should be thought of and mutually returned. Now in your country your people have completely assembled, and you say that we are not enemies. However, you construct fortresses and moats, and invade our borders. Is this righteousness?" The king was ashamed and destroyed the palisade.
6 AD, spring, second month. The waters of the well in the palace overflowed violently. In the house of a man in Hanseong a horse gave birth to a cow with one head and two bodies. A fortune-teller said, "The well water overflowed, and this is an omen of prosperity for the great king. The cow with one head and two bodies means the great king should annex the neighboring countries. The king heard this and was pleased. Afterwards he had the intention to swallow up Chin[han] and Ma[han].
7 AD, autumn, seventh month. The king said, "Mahan is gradually weakening, and the hearts of the upper and lower classes are moving apart. This condition cannot continue for long. If it becomes annexed to another land, our lips will be lost and our teeth cold [buffer will be removed – see Best 218]. Regret [over not acting] would not make up for it, and so we should act first and take it, and thereby avoid later troubles. Winter, tenth month. The king led men out saying he was going hunting, but then he invaded Mahan. Afterwards, this country and its villages were annexed, and only the two fortresses of Mt. Wonsan and Geumhyeon were resolutely defended and did not fall.
8 AD, summer, fourth month. The two fortresses fell. These people were relocated to north of Mt. Hansan. Mahan was overthrown. Autumn, seventh month. The fortress of Mt. Daedu was constructed.
9 AD, spring, second month. The king's oldest son, Daru, was made crown prince. He was entrusted with matters relating to soldiers both domestically and abroad. Summer, fourth month. There was a frost and it damaged the barley.
12 AD, spring, first month. The households of people in the country were divided into northern and southern groups. Summer, fourth month. It hailed. Fifth month. There was an earthquake. Sixth month. Again there was an earthquake.
14 AD, spring and summer. There was a great drought, and the people starved and ate each other. There were many incidences of robbery. The king pacified and consoled the people. Autumn, eighth month. In addition, the two divisions of east and west established.
15 AD, winter, tenth month. An old general from Mahan, Jugeun, took possession of the fort at Ugok and rebelled. The king himself led 5,000 soldiers to attack him. Jugeun hanged himself. His body was cut in half at the waist, and also his wife and children were executed.
17 AD, autumn, seventh month. The fortress of Tangjeong was constructed. The people from the fortress at Daedu were divided up and settled it. Eighth month. The two fortresses of Mt. Jeupwon and Geumhyeon were repaired, and the fortress of Gosaburi was constructed.
18 AD, spring, third month. There was giant hail the size of chicken eggs, and any birds that happened to be hit died. Summer, fourth month. There was a drought. It lasted until the sixth month when it rained again. The settlements to the northeast of the Han river starved and went wild, and over 1,000 households were lost to Goguryeo. The area between the Pae and Dae rivers was empty and no one lived there.
19 AD, spring, second month. The king made a tour and consoled the people, and to the east he went as far as Juyang, and to the north as far as the Pae river. After five ten-day periods he returned. Third month. The king dispatched messengers to encourage farming and sericulture. They also saw to the non-urgent complaints of the people. They were all removed. Winter, tenth month. The king constructed a great altar and made sacrifices to heaven.
22 AD, autumn, ninth month. The Mohe came and attacked the fortress of Sulcheon. Winter, eleventh month. They again attacked, this time the fort at Buheyon. They killed and plundered over 100 people. The king ordered 200 elite cavalry to repel them.
24 AD, spring, first month. The Marshal Bulwark of the Right, Euleum, died. The king appointed Gaeru of the northern district Marshal Bulwark of the Right. Gaeru was originally from Buyeo, and he was deeply religious and though he was over 70 years old his back was strong and he made no mistakes. Therefore, he was chosen. Second month. Men fifteen years old or more from settlements northeast of the Han river were dispatched to repair Wiryeseong.
25 AD, autumn, eight month. The king went hunting for five days in the fields of Mt. Asan. Ninth month. Over 100 wild geese assembled at the king's palace. A fortune-teller said: "Wild geese are a symbol of the people. In the future, people will come from far away to submit to you. Winter, tenth month. From Okjeo in the south twenty families, including that of Gu Pahae, came to Buyang and surrendered themselves. The king accepted and had them settle to the west of Mt. Hansan.
27 AD, spring and summer. There was a great drought, and the grass and trees burned and dried out. Winter, tenth month. There was a great earthquake. People's homes collapsed.
28 AD, spring, second month. The king died.
FamilyEdit
Father: Utae, an illegitimate grandson of the king of Bukbuyeo Hae Buru
Step-father: Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo (Jumong)
Step-brother: Yuri of Goguryeo
Mother: So Seo-no
Brother: Biryu
Queen: name unknown
1st son: 2nd King, Daru of Baekje (多婁王, ?–77) - before he became king he was known as Buyeo Daru (扶餘多婁).
2nd son: name unknown
3rd son: Tokusa-Ō (德佐王, ?–?) - his name in Baekje would have been Buyeo Deokjwa (扶餘德佐), recorded in the Sakyō shoban (左京諸蕃) section of the Shinsen Shōjiroku as ancestor of several clans making him one of the earliest people from Baekje to settle in Japan.
Popular cultureEdit
Portrayed by Kim Seok in the 2006 MBC TV series Jumong.
Portrayed by Kim Joo-young in the 2010–11 KBS1 TV series The King of Legend.
Portrayed by Cho Chi Hun in the 2017 KBS TV series Chronicles of Korea.
Baekje
Wiryeseong
List of Korea-related topics
History of Korea
List of Korean monarchs
Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo
Wutae
Soseono
Yuri of Goguryeo
Biryu
Content in this article was copied from Samguk Sagi Scroll 23 at the Shoki Wiki, which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
^ info by the translators of Il-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book One, page 25. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5
^ Gina Barnes, «State Formation in Korea: Emerging Elites», p.13, Routledge, 2013, ISBN 1136840974
^ Martin Zatko. «The Rough Guide to Seoul», p.170, Penguin, 2011, ISBN 1405381027
^ Yŏng-jun Chʻoe, «Land and Life: A Historical Geographical Exploration of Korea», p.258, Jain Publishing Company, 2005, ISBN 0895818353
^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 23
^ a b c d e f Jinwung Kim, «A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict», p.38, Indiana University Press, 2012, ISBN 0253000785
^ a b Duk-kyu Jin, «Historical Origins of Korean Politics», p.87, 2005, ISBN 8942330630
House of Buyeo
Cadet branch of the House of Go
Died: 28 AD
Regnal titles
New creation King of Baekje
18 BC – 28 AD Succeeded by
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