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The Scales Mound Historic District is a historic district in the small Illinois village of Scales Mound. The district encompasses the entire corporate limit of the village and has more than 200 properties within its boundaries. The district was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

History and boundaries
Scales Mound has always been a small, agricultural community and development of the village and the buildings in the historic district was closely tied to the arrival of the railroad. Most of the few commercial businesses in Scales Mound were concentrated around the railroad right-of-way. The Scales Mound Historic District is roughly bounded by the corporate limits of the village itself. The district includes the original 1854 limits of the village plus three additions to the village that were platted later.

Properties

General
Properties within the historic district include residential, commercial, civic, and a few industrial buildings. There is also one structure, a fire siren, that is considered a contributing resource to the district. There is a total of 290 properties within the boundaries of the Scales Mound Historic District; 185 of those are considered historic, and thus, contributing properties.

Of those properties considered part of the district there are 89 houses, 52 garages, two barns, 15 commercial buildings, eight wash houses/sheds, seven churches, four privies. Only outbuildings of special interest were included in the district, others were ignored.

Non-contributing
The 105 non-contributing buildings include, 57 houses, 25 garages, 20 commercial buildings, three civic buildings and one apartment building. Some of the non-contributing buildings are 19th-century structures that have lost their integrity due to alterations. Some of these would be contributing if alterations, such as siding, were removed. Most of the non-contributing buildings in Scales Mound are less than 50 years old.

Specific historic properties

Allan Warehouse

The Allan Warehouse is located near the railroad tracks and is a wood-framed two story building with board and batten siding. The warehouse sits on a stone pier foundation and has large double hung sash windows with curved window hoods. It was constructed around 1864.

Commercial buildings
Scales Mound has always been, largely, an agricultural community. What little industry that did spring up in town has been concentrated on the railroad tracks' south side. The more upscale commercial enterprises were always located along North Railroad Street. Through the years Scales Mound has been home to such businesses as: grain and produce warehouses, stock yards, lumber yards, a creamery, three hotels and a bank.

Churches

The 1883 United Methodist Church is built in rectangular plan and has a large spire on its front elevation. The building has a stone foundation and an attached parsonage. The windows are a Gothic style and feature stained glass. Scales Mound Holy Trinity Catholic Church has had two additions, the first altered the front facade c. 1915 and the second was a large rear addition in c. 1970.  The building, a contributing property despite its alterations, is a gable-front design with a side tower. The church is of brick construction and has stained glass windows with curved window hoods. The First Presbyterian church is another example of a gable-front church in Scales Mound. It was built between 1875–90 and features an offset tower. Its foundation is of stone and rusticated block. It has Gothic style stained glass windows and was added onto the rear one time.

Residential
The majority of the houses in Scales Mound were constructed between 1880 and 1925 and most are painted white. The houses are mostly moderated-sized, one and one half to two story homes with spacious yards. Some houses have common alterations, which include the addition of shed dormers and various types of siding. Very few houses built after 1930 are present within the historic district, there are some but they are mostly concentrated in clusters.

Public Square
The Public Square is a city park that houses a pavilion and the village hall. It is located in the heart of the village's residential district. The Scales Mound Village Hall was built around 1875–90. It has a false front design and stands one and one half stories tall. It sits on a stone and concrete foundation and has an early-20th-century addition at the rear. The Scales Mound Village Hall is now available to rent for events.

Also in the public square is one of Scales Mounds' many outbuildings. A gable roof shed within the park was declared neither contributing or non for the purpose of the historic district. The park has a pavilion/bandstand that was erected between c. 1900–25. It is of steel-frame construction, has a pyramidal roof and a concrete pier foundation. The pavilion was declared a contributing property to the district.

Outbuildings
There are a large number of extant, original outbuildings associated with the various houses in Scales Mound. Gable and hip roof garages are commonly found in the village. In addition there are several extant carriage houses and stables, privies, and barns still standing around town. The architectural survey undertaken in 1989 concurrent with the National Register nomination noted dozens of such outbuildings. Even then, there were a large number of outbuildings that were declared neither contributing or non-contributing properties and simply not documented.

Rail Corridor
Along the railroad tracks through Scales Mound are five properties, four of them historic in nature. There are two shed/pump houses, both dating from c. 1910–40. One is a gable roof building with a concrete foundation and the other has a flat roof and metal siding. A rectangular feed warehouse dating from c. 1915–20 is also located along the rail corridor. The one story, gable roof feed warehouse stands on a concrete pier foundation. A pyramidal roof garage/warehouse, built c. 1915–25, stands on concrete foundations near the tracks as well. Associated with the garage are bulk oil storage tanks and a pump shed constructed by Trachte Brothers Company of Madison, Wisconsin. The only one of the five buildings not considered contributing to the district is a c. 1949–50 rail loading platform of pole construction.

William Allan House

The William Allan House is located along North Railroad Street in the middle of the central business district in Scales Mound. The Allan House is an I-house of stone construction, built upon a stone foundation around 1859. The two story house has a rear addition and features double hung sash windows.

William Allan Store
The William Allan Store has long been one of the focuses of the Scales Mound central business district. It is located along North Railroad Street immediately adjacent the railroad tracks that pass through the village. The Allan Store stands next to the Allan House and is a two-story gable-front structure. Wood-framed, like nearly all buildings in Scales Mound, the store is fronted by a two-story porch with a pedimented roof. There is a fanlight in the gable front and a one-story addition to the side of the structure. The William Allan Store was built around 1859.

Architecture

Most of the residential architecture in Scales Mound is of traditional 19th-century forms: I-house, gable-front, cottages or T and L shaped plans. Homes from the early 20th century also adhere to traditional forms with American Foursquare style being prevalent. None of the houses in Scales Mound appear to be architect-designed and generally contain scaled down elements of Stick style, Eastlake and Queen Anne styles, often on the same house. The most ornamented and architecturally impressive houses are found on North Main Street and are classified as Queen Anne style.

Concrete construction is prevalent among the homes and buildings in Scales Mound. Adam Rittweger constructed numerous distinctive concrete porches, garages, and foundations between 1908 and his death in 1933. There are several surviving examples of poured concrete constructed buildings in Scales Mound including the 1923 one story electrical generating plant, and Lewis Richard's 1911 restaurant. There is one surviving example in Scales Mound of a stucco clad and poured concrete construction combination, Louis Durrstein's implement dealership. It is presumed that Rittweger also introduced stucco finishes to Scales Mound between the late 1900s and early 1910s.

Historic significance
The district is interesting because of the large number of wood-framed outbuildings still remaining from the district's main period of significance (1855–1930). The district is also significant for the large number of mid-19th-century vernacular homes and commercial buildings which remain intact and retain a large amount of their architectural integrity. The buildings contribute to the understanding of the agricultural, social, and commercial history of late-19th-century and early-20th-century northern Illinois. Together the structures and their lots convey the feeling of a small and active pre-Great Depression farming community. The Scales Mound Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1990.

See also
Charles Mound
Scales Mound Township

Notes

References
McAlester, Virginia & Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc, New York: 1984, ().

External links

Scales Mound Historic District, Property Information Report, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, accessed May 17, 2008.

National Register of Historic Places in Jo Daviess County, Illinois
Buildings and structures in Jo Daviess County, Illinois
Geography of Jo Daviess County, Illinois
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois


Following the requirement for compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation, (GDPR), we have taken the opportunity to review and, where necessary, further improve our data processes and controls.
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Green Book took home Best Picture at the 2019 Producers Guild Awards. Directed by Peter Farrelly, the film is definitely one of the biggest surprises of awards season. Announcing its Oscar candidacy by winning the coveted People's Choice Award at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival, Green Book has picked up numerous accolades on the campaign trail. That includes a trio of Golden Globes; Best Supporting Actor (Mahershala Ali), Best Screenplay, and Best Picture - Comedy or Musical.
For all the acclaim and love Green Book received during the season, it's also considered one of the more polarizing and divisive contenders. Dismissed by some as a reverse Driving Miss Daisy, people took issue with the film's conventional approach to its subject matter and themes and various historical inaccuracies. Green Book also became embroiled in recent controversy after co-writer Nick Vallelonga deleted his Twitter account when a racist, pro-Trump post of his resurfaced. In some cases, that kind of backlash can derail a movie's chances of earning the top prizes, but Green Book continues to rack the trophies up and is now a legitimate Oscar frontrunner.
At last night's Producers Guild Awards (hat tip Variety), Green Book won Best Picture. It emerged victorious in a field that included other heavyweights such as A Star is Born, Roma, BlackKkKlansman, and others.
This win doesn't necessarily guarantee Green Book will also get Best Picture at the Oscars, but it puts it firmly in the driver's seat. In the 29-year history of the Producers Guild Awards, they've aligned with the Academy 20 times, including 9 out of the last 11 years. The only two outliers during that stretch came in 2015 (The Big Short) and 2016 (La La Land), so Green Book's rivals can take some solace in the fact that recently there hasn't been as much overlap. Still, the odds are very much in Green Book's favor now, and it'll be interesting to see if it can continue to ward off the criticisms and cross the finish line on Oscar Sunday.
Even though awards season is winding down to a close, there's still a lot of time for things to change. The Academy will unveil their nominations on Tuesday, January 22 and final voting for the Oscars runs from February 12 - 19. Studios will continue to campaign passionately for their titles in an attempt to appeal to Academy members, and there's no telling what other narratives or controversies will take shape over the next month. But right now, if one is looking to get ahead in their office Oscar pool, Green Book feels like the safest bet.


Gorgon City have released a new single called 'Delicious' and unveiled a video to mark the occasion.
The colourful video channels an atmosphere of dancefloor ecstasy, depicting energetic dancing, dissolving pills and steamy human interactions amid a vibrant neon hue to complement the pumping production.
The duo also recently announced details of a new Vegas residency.
'Delicious' is out now on Universal, stream or download it here and watch the video below.


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Purchase a Class
3036 Elm Project
Comedy at Work
Cody Tidmore
Redeeming Features: "The Other Guys"
Welcome to Redeeming Features. The blog where I (poorly) review movies that are underappreciated, underrated or under the radar, in hopes of convincing you to give them a second chance. "Whoa! What's this!? Two Redeeming Features in one week?! It must be my lucky day!" said you, maybe?
If not, that's fine; but this IS the second RF this week. Figured since I missed last week, I outta write my wrong and do two. That, and I was specifically asked to by my boss. Or at least, I think he's my boss? Hey! Jason! Are you my boss? Better yet, are you my Mother!?
Paternity tests aside, this week we're loading up a movie that I've wanted to do for a while now, but honestly just wasn't sure how people would react. In my personal opinion it's funny, but was tragically overlooked and undercut because of its mere stupidity. And rightfully so; this movie is dumb; so so dumb. But in a weird way, its stupidity is what makes it a fun watch. One that makes you say, "Huh… that wasn't half bad! We should watch it again next year!"
I'm talking about The Other Guys, an overtly silly action cop parody about two buddy cops who are anything but. They spend the whole movie doing everything except draw their weapons on each other. Well, until one of 'em actually does, that is. And yes, that doesn't make sense and would definitely never happen. But if you go into this movie fully aware that it has every intention of leaning head-on into absurdity, then you're in for a good time. I mean, the opening scene involves Samuel L. Jackson and The Rock jumping off a 50-story building, hoping to aim for a vegetable stand to break their fall. And it does break their fall, and also their necks. And they die. Immediately. Leaving space forrrrr… The Other Guys.
The Other Guys in The Other Guys are played by none other than Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg. And both do a phenomenal job of doing what they do best: being total morons. Gamble (Ferrell) is an even-tempered, desk jocky who probably blows on his soup when it's too hot. Also he thinks soup is an actual meal. Hoitz (Wahlberg) plays a run and gun, balls to the wall, wild Tasmanian devil detective who hits one "unlucky" streak after accidentally shooting Derek Jeter. The two make an amazing(ly terrible) pair, and play off each other in the best (worst) ways possible and getting each other into the worst (best) situations possible.
Quickly, they tumble and rumble their way into the office of David Ershon (Steve Coogan), a Wall Street tycoon who Gamble is convinced has gone crooked. And while he may very well be right, Hoitz doesn't wanna have any part in this tax fraud bullshit. He wants the big car chases, the gunfire, the coke fueled hobo orgies… and boy does he get 'em. While attempting to pin down Ershon, the two get caught up in a nonsensical series of "look over here's" and misdirects. They hot rod Gamble's Prius all over town trying to get dirty on this scum, but their bad (at being a) cop methods always end up getting them on the receiving end of their Captain's (Michael Keaton) hilarious ass reaming tactics. One of which involves inadvertently quoting TLC songs. What can I say, boy don't want No Scrubs on his force.
Much like Gamble's aforementioned Prius, The Other Guys cruises along nicely, making stops along the way for plenty of all-too-familiar, Ferrell-fueled line-o-ramas and Wahlberg's incessant probing about Gamble's insanely hot wife (Eva Mendez). On screen, the two make for a lot of fun and despite this being Ferrell's wheelhouse, Wahlberg totally holds his own. I would even go as far to say he's a much better comedic actor than he is serious. Ahhhhh, I'm just busting your balls, Markie – say hi to your mother for me.
TL; DR – Two mismatched New York City detectives seize an opportunity to step up – but until they learn to work together, they'll continuously take inadvertent steps back.
Cody Tidmore is a Level Three sketch student at DCH. He's been watching movies for as long as he can remember. Seeing it all – the good, the bad, even the ugly. And when it comes to annoyingly working movie quotes into regular conversation, he's the reel deal.
Tagged: Cody Tidmore, comedians, comedy, comedy classes, Comedy shows dallas, community, Dallas, dallas comedy, dallas comedy classes, dallas comedy clubs, Dallas Comedy House, Deep Ellum, Eva Mendez, film, films, fun things to do in dallas, funny, humor, improv, improv classes dallas, improvisation, Mark Wahlberg, Michael Keaton, movie, movies, Review, reviews, Steve Coogan, Will Ferrell
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Seagulls involved in thrilling finals in this weeks community wrap
We had 8 boys play for their community club in their respective finals over the weekend.
In VAFA Premier B, Lachlan Knight kicked a goal as University Blacks fell to Old Carey by 4pts in a thrilling Preliminary Final at Elsternwick Park. Blacks led by just 1pt at the 3qtr break but Old Carey managed to hold on as they advanced to the Grand Final. In Premier C, it was a similar affair as Williamstown CYMS led by 4pts at 3qtr time only to go down by 1pt against Old Geelong. Nick Ebinger kicked a late 4th qtr goal to give CY's the lead until Old Geelong managed 4 straight behinds to win the match. Kal Dawson was solid in defence for the minor premiers as they bowed out in straight sets.
In the EDFL Division 1, Tyson Young's Airport West held off a fast finishing Tullamarine to win their Grand Final at Windy Hill. Young kicked 1 goal in his side's win as Airport West now return to the Premier Division of the EDFL in 2019. In Division 2 of the Northern Football League, Corey Sleep was a solid contributor in Lower Plenty's 20 point win over Banyule and will now take on Eltham in the Grand Final this weekend.
In the Country Leagues, Kyabram continued their hot form as they defeated Darby Henderson's Echuca. Echuca with the double-chance will now take on the Shepparton Bears in the Preliminary Final of the Goulburn Valley league. Nick Richards worked hard all day for Wangaratta in their 48 point win over Yarrawonga. The Magpies were in control all day and will now face Wodonga in the Preliminary Final.
In the Ballarat League, Liam Carter's Melton continued its recent run of form, upsetting East Point to advance through to the Grand Final. Melton who led all ensured a win over the minor premier with strong defensive pressure in a tantalising match.
Finals series continued over the weekend as our attentions turned to the WRFL, with another game heavily influenced by Williamstown players.
The Preliminary Final in the WRFL once again pitted Emma Ludolff's and Krystyn Raymundo's Caroline Springs against Kayla Koropeckyj's Spotswood for the 3rd time in 4 weeks. Caroline Springs got the fast start in the first quarter and never looked back, as they ran out 28 point winners to set up a Grand Final meeting with Manor Lakes this Saturday. Ludolff was amongst the best for Caroline Springs whilst Raymundo provided strong support throughout the day. Koropeckyj didn't go down without a fight however, putting on a best on ground display for Spotswood while also kicking a goal in her best attempts to give Spotswood a chance.


The crowd gathers beneath the Memorial Arch awaiting the 70th Anniversary Commemoration.
What made the service so powerful, however, was that the participants "spoke." Sixteen people read the words of the men and women who participated in the invasion. Their words were humorous, poignant, sad. The very first voice was that of PFC George Alex of the 82nd Airborne. "I was 19 and afraid," he wrote. The crowd felt his fear even 70 years later.
Sales saw his captain, then his friend and sergeant get cut down when the ramp of the landing craft dropped onto the beach. When it was his turn to run out, the ship heaved in the turbulent surf and he was thrown off to the side and into the water, which made him the lone survivor among the 30 men in that Higgins boat. When he got ashore,his friend the sergeant was lying wounded, but propped himself up on his elbows and called to Sales for help. A sniper shot him through the head. Robert Sales knew he was next and put his head on the sand and waited . . . Perhaps, the most poignant statement of the day came from Mrs. Sales who said, "On this day, of all days, we are all together, in spirit if not in body." I was happy to be wearing sunglasses.
The final flyover: missing man formation.
Well … you already know how deeply I feel connected to this very sad, but now exalted day of days … not when I was a child, of course, but once I hit adulthood. I am forever emotionally linked and greatly revere this incredible day.
Bonnie, you really need to read The Bedford Boys and then come visit this place. It will talk to you in a meaningful way, if you listen.
I'm sure that it will … considering my connection to it.
watching some 25,000 fans come to their feet with thunderous applause. Gary Thorne interviewed him also, and after that, everything else that happened during the game faded by comparison. Thanks for being in Bedford, and for sharing your special weekend with us.
Don, you are welcome; I appreciate your words because I felt very strongly that I was there representing ALL of my friends who could not attend. I can't think of anyone I know who would not want to thank those men for what they did. I'll have a final reflection in a day or two.
I almost needed sunglasses just reading this. Off topic and certainly not to critical, but "Gov Tim Kain"? I guess you meant "past" gov T.K.?
Indeed, although I think the title is permanent once you hold the office. Good thing the power is not!


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When autoimmune diseases exert neuro-ophthalmic effects
Iyza F. Baig, Aroucha Vickers, DO, Andrew G. Lee, MD
Treatment should focus on the underlying etiology behind these processes
The Neuro-Connection
While the targets and mechanisms of systemic inflammatory diseases are variable, many of these diseases share similar manifestations in the eye. Therefore, through the course of these autoimmune conditions, it is imperative to keep in mind the potential ocular ramifications associated with these diseases.
Whether directly through immunologic mechanisms, or indirectly through the development various pathologic states such as hypertension, hypercoagulability, arteritis, and mass effect, autoimmune diseases have significant potential to threaten patients' vision.
When ocular or orbital disease is detected in patients with autoimmune conditions, ophthalmologists should consider a differential diagnosis with the inflammatory state in mind.
While the involvement of the uvea and cornea is usually more common than the posterior segment, ocular manifestations of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases may also present as neuro-ophthalmologic signs involving the optic nerve, retina, and cranial nerves.
These pathologies can include, but are not limited to optic neuritis, a spectrum of ischemic optic neuropathies (arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy), orbital inflammatory syndrome, retinal vasculitis, retinal vein occlusions, retinal artery occlusions, secondary pseudotumor cerebri, and symptoms such as amaurosis fugax. Numerous reports of autoimmune diseases associated with these pathologies have been described (see Table 1).
The mechanisms through which autoimmune diseases exert neuro-ophthalmologic effects are numerous but may include immune-mediated demyelination,1 vasculitis,2 vasospasm,3 immune complex deposition, 4 and hypercoagulability.5
In recent studies, the mechanisms underlying hypercoagulability in autoimmune disease have been further elucidated. Systemic inflammation has been shown to increase thrombotic processes through the suppression of fibrinolysis, upregulation
of procoagulants, downregulation of anticoagulants, and genesis of pathogenic antibodies (e.g. lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin, and anti-B2 glycoprotein 1).5
In light of these mechanisms, autoimmune disease may be considered a hypercoagulable state, thus explaining why numerous autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and Behcet's syndrome have been shown to confer a high risk of venous thromboembolism.5
Since thrombosis underlies many neuro-ophthalmologic conditions, in patients with symptoms concerning for these pathologies, autoimmunity should be considered as a culprit.
In conclusion, in patients with history of autoimmune disease that present with neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms, after pertinent workup, treatment should focus on the underlying etiology behind these processes.
Patients with acute neuro-ophthalmic presentations who have active systemic autoimmune disease might require hospital admission, urgent neuroimaging and systemic evaluation, high-dose intravenous corticosteroids, or additional immunosuppressive or disease modifying rheumatologic drugs.
Iyza F. BaigE: iyza.baig@uth.tmc.edu
Braig is affiliated with the McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston (UTHealth), Houston.
Aroucha Vickers, DOE: aroucha.vickers@gmail.com
Vickers is affiliated with the Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston.
Andrew G. Lee, MDE: aglee@houstonmethodist.org
Dr. Lee is affiliated with the Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Adjunct Professor of Ophthalmology; and Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston; Clinical Professor, UTMB Galveston, TX and the UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Adjunct Professor of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA.
None of the authors indicated a proprietary interest in the subject matter.
1. Toosy AT, Mason DF, Miller DH. Optic neuritis. The Lancet Neurology. 2014;13: 83-99.
2. McCluskey P, Powell RJ. The eye in systemic inflammatory diseases. The Lancet. 2004;364: 2125-2133.
3. Flammer J, Pache M, Resink T. Vasospasm, its role in the pathogenesis of diseases with particular reference to the eye. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 2001;20:319-349.
4. Aronson AJ, Ordonez NG, Diddie KR, Ernest T. Immune-complex deposition in the eye in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139:1312-1313.
5. Zöller B, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Autoimmune diseases and venous thromboembolism: a review of the literature. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease. 2012;2:3:171.
6. Baig IF, Vickers A, Lee AG (2018). Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Autoimmune Disease. [online] Eyewiki. Available at: http://eyewiki.org/ Ophthalmologic_Manifestations_of_ Autoimmune_Diseases
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UK Government considering withdrawing rail operator Avanti West Coast's contract
07 Sep 2022 4 minute read
An Avanti West Coast train. Photo Luciana Guerra PA Images
The Government is considering withdrawing Avanti's contract to run train services on the West Coast Mainline, as ministers insisted "all options" remain on the table once the agreement ends.
Rail operator Avanti has run fewer than half of its normal services since August 14 and blamed the reduction on "unofficial strike action" by drivers.
Transport minister Trudy Harrison insisted restoring the service between London and Manchester to full strength was an "absolute priority" for the Government.
In the Commons, she faced calls from Labour to strip Avanti of the contract when it expires in October.
The firm says it normally runs around 400 trains per week with drivers voluntarily working on their rest days – for extra pay – but that "dropped suddenly to fewer than 50".
Ms Harrison told MPs: "Avanti has reduced their timetable in response to the withdrawal of the rest day working. Reducing the timetable provided better certainty and reliability for passengers as it reduced the number of short-notice cancellations.
"The department continues to work closely with Avanti to monitor performance whilst they continue to review the demand data and the position regarding train crew availability to inform options to reliably increase services.
"An increase in services between Manchester and London remains an absolute priority and Avanti will continue to look for opportunities to support passengers and businesses along this route."
Ms Harrison said the West Coast partnership franchise agreement is due to expire on October 16, adding a "decision has yet to be taken" by the Transport Secretary.
She added: "Given the market and the commercially sensitive nature of the outcome, further information cannot be provided at this time."
But the minister later went further, telling the Commons: "We are considering all options, all options remain on the table. Withdrawing Avanti's contract is one of those options, but we are bearing in mind all of the implications of that.
"As I said earlier, you can cut this cake however you want, but ultimately we need the drivers to be driving the trains and that has got to be the absolutely priority. One service an hour is completely unacceptable."
Clwyd West MP David Jones said that the North Wales mainline has been reduced "to the status of a branch line", adding it was "an unacceptable state of affairs for the travelling public of North Wales".
Labour MP Navendu Mishra (Stockport) said: "The chaos continues to blight the lives of thousands of people in my own constituency, but also across the north west of England and other parts of the UK."
He added: "Aslef and RMT union members across the country have indeed recently been on strike in defence of their pay, terms and conditions. And I pay tribute to their members for doing so.
"But their strike action has no bearing on the fact that Avanti have a business model which expects train drivers to work their rest days, rather than having a sufficient staffing level as a way of maintaining the service.
"There have been underlying problems at Avanti for a very long time", he said, adding there "continues to be a lack of clarity and certainty around the release of tickets".
Urgent plan
Shadow transport secretary Louise Haigh asked if the Government would demand an "urgent plan" from Avanti to restore the timetable, and called for ministers "to strip Avanti of its contract when it comes up for renewal next month".
Several Conservative former ministers complained about the knock-on effects which Avanti's problems were causing in their rural constituencies.
Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale MP David Mundell said that passenger confidence is "being completely undermined by the unreliability of services" in his Scottish constituency, where Avanti plays a part in the "extensive timetable to Lockerbie station".
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kerry davies
If they cannot run a service without reliance on rest day working they don't employ enough drivers and are not running a safe service. Seems pretty simple.
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Bracket busted off electric roller door - needs either a new bracket or old screw in bracket needs to be drilled out and replaced. Photos available - site wouldn't accept size of photo.
Please urgently come to Sammut St, Smithfield to help close a roller door. Job will probably take <30 mins to realign the door. Be great if can arrive to site within 2 hours.


Medianews - Changes in Composition of Supervisory Board of PASHA Bank"
PASHA Bank is pleased to announce the appointment of George Glonti and Ebru Ogan Knottnerus as Independent Members of the Supervisory Board.
George Glonti and Ebru Ogan Knottnerus became Independent Members of the Supervisory Board of PASHA Bank on December 31st, 2018. Alongside with the new positions, on January 1st, 2019 Ebru Ogan Knottnerus was appointed as an Independent Member of Audit Committee, while George Glonti was appointed as the Chairman of Audit Committee.
George Glonti completed his education, BA and MBA, as Financier and Economist, with specialization in Banking, at the Tbilisi State University, in Georgia.
Having started his banking career in 1992 as an Assistant in International Operations and Documentary Transactions Department in Iberia Bank and later, became head of the same department in 1994 and held this position until 1995.
During 1995-1996 he continued his career as a Financial Director of TBC Group and Alma TBC; At a time, he also was the Member of the Board of Directors and Credit Committee of TBC Bank. Later, he held the position of Head of International Division in TbilUniversalBank from 1996 to1999.
Between years 1999-2003 George Glonti was the Managing Partner,CEO, and Shareholder of the UBC International LTD (Audit & Consulting), a company associated with PwC.
In 2003-2005 he was Deputy CEO of People's Bank of Georgia. In 2005-2008 became Vice President of the National Bank of Georgia and the Member of the NBG Council. From 2008 to 2009 he was a CEO of the People's Bank of Georgia (presently "Liberty"). In 2009 he became CEO of Kor Standard Bank (presently "Tera Bank") and held the position until 2013.
In 2013-2014 George Glonti was the Managing Partner and CEO of the Phoenix Capital. From 2014 continued his career as CEO of the Super TV cable television. Since 2014, until the present, he has been holding the position of the Non-Executive Vice President of GFTC (SWIFT Service Bureau).
In 2018 he became and till present is the Managing Partner at the RSM Georgia Management & Consulting.
Ebru Ogan Knottnerus earned her bachelor's degree in Business Administration at the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey. She also completed various executive education programs, such as: Authentic Leadership Development Programme at the Harvard Business School, Strategic Development Programme in London Business School and High Impact Leadership Programme at the Columbia University, USA.
Ebru Ogan Knottnerus started her banking career in 1991 in the Internal Audit Department of PAMUKBANK. Between years 1993-1997, she worked as Financial Control and Budget Planning Manager for FINANSBANK. She held Manager's position in Foreign Investments Department for DEMIRBANK, during 1997-1999.
In 1999 Ebru Ogan Knottnerus joined OTTOMAN Bank and worked as Head of Risk Management and Internal Control Departments, until 2001. She continued her career at the BBVA Group - GARANTI Bank AŞ as Head of Subsidiaries' Risk Management Department between 2001-2003 and from 2016 to 2018, she had been holding the position of the Head of Risk Management.
In 2018 Ebru Ogan Knottnerus joined PASHA Investment Bank Turkey as an Independent Board Member. She is a Member of Risk Management Committee and Chairwoman of Audit Committee.
PASHA Bank is a Baku-based financial institution operating in Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey, providing corporate and investment banking services to large, medium and small enterprises.


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Home ❭ Books ❭ The Queen's Assassin
Perfect for fans of Sarah J. Maas and Red Queen, this is the first novel in a sweeping YA fantasy-romance duet about a deadly assassin, his mysterious apprentice, and the country they are sworn to protect from #1 NYT bestselling author Melissa de la Cruz.
The Queen's Assassin
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Caledon Holt is the Kingdom of Renovia's deadliest weapon. No one alive can best him in brawn or brains, which is why he's the Guild's most dangerous member and the Queen's one and only assassin. He's also bound to the Queen by an impossible vow--to find the missing Deian Scrolls, the fount of all magical history and knowledge, stolen years ago by a nefarious sect called the Aphrasians.
Shadow has been training all her life to follow in the footsteps of her mother and aunts--to become skilled enough to join the ranks of the Guild. Though magic has been forbidden since the Aphrasian uprising, Shadow has been learning to control her powers in secret, hoping that one day she'll become an assassin as feared and revered as Caledon Holt.
When a surprise attack brings Shadow and Cal together, they're forced to team up as assassin and apprentice to hunt down a new sinister threat to Renovia. But as Cal and Shadow grow closer, they'll uncover a shocking web of lies and secrets that may destroy everything they hold dear. With war on the horizon and true love at risk, they'll stop at nothing to protect each other and their kingdom in this stunning first novel in the Queen's Secret series.
Estimated Ship Date for Winners: November 19th, 2019
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© Denise Bovee
Melissa de la Cruz is the #1 New York Times, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, and Publishers Weekly internationally bestselling author of many critically acclaimed books for readers of all ages, including the Alex & Eliza trilogy, Disney's Descendants novels, the Blue Bloods series, and the Summer on East End series. Her books have sold over eight million copies, and the Witches of East End series became an hour-long television drama on the Lifetime network. Visit her at
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Jan 19 2020 – 06:41 PM
Thank you to Bookishfirst for my advanced copy. This was such a fun story filled with royal...
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Magical Story!
I really enjoyed this book! The author establishes a clear, strong back story in the prologue...
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Need book two NOW
This is my first book by this author and it won't be my last--book two is already high on my...
Nov 19 2019 – 12:16 AM
First Melissa De La Cruz Book
This is my first time reading anything by Melissa De La Cruz but if this first impression is...
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Nov 18 2019 – 11:43 PM
The Queen has done it again!
I am one of the biggest fans of Melissa De La Cruz!! I absolutely loved the His Fair Assassin...
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I love Mellisa De La Cruz
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Business Attorney
San Luis Obispo Attorneys For Nonprofits, Toews Law Group, Inc., Helps Businesses Organize Charitable Affiliates
Charitable affiliates are often formed by businesses as a means for conducting charitable activities that support the founding organization's community and social causes. Toews Law Group, Inc., attorneys for nonprofits in San Luis Obispo, CA, are well versed and experienced in helping businesses organize charitable affiliates.
In California, the term "charities" applies to tax-exempt, nonprofit public benefit corporations. This means that the organization has filed all the necessary documentation and registered with the California Secretary of State, is also registered with the California Attorney General's Registry of Charitable Trusts, and has been granted federal and state tax exemptions.
Businesses frequently raise funds for charities and local community organizations as a means of supporting the communities in which they are doing business. It is not illegal for a business to solicit donations for charitable causes in California, but there are some factors to take into consideration when doing so:
The general public is much more likely to donate to a registered charitable organization than to a business
In order for donations from the public to be tax deductible, a receipt needs to be issued from the charitable organization, which can create an extra level of record-keeping for the business
Soliciting donations without the appropriate nonprofit status can open a business to legal scrutiny. Even under the best of circumstances, when all the bookkeeping is in order, and donations are recorded and transferred properly, a business does not need the interruption or the possible loss of goodwill that such an investigation would bring.
Toews Law Group, Inc. has assisted several businesses, service clubs and trade organizations establish charitable affiliates so that these organizations can carry out their charitable activities with as little liability as possible, and continue to support their communities.
Relying on legal experts helps businesses and organizations meet all of the requirements for creating a charitable affiliate in California. The appropriate legal firm can advise about important details such as establishing a board of directors, keeping the appropriate financial records, letters of agreement between the charitable affiliate and the charitable organizations it is helping support, and whether a public benefit corporation, a family foundation, or other kinds of charitable/nonprofit entity is best for conducting the charitable work.
Toews Law Group, Inc. can also help out-of-state charitable organizations file with the California Secretary of State and review and prepare documents to assist California nonprofits to solicit donations in other states.
Toews Law Group, Inc. also assists charitable organizations form for-profit subsidiaries, which allow them to carry on profitable activities that contribute to their support without jeopardizing their tax exemptions.
Toews Law Group, Inc.
1212 Marsh Street, Suite 3
This press release is by San Luis Obispo publicity company Access Publishing, 806 9th Street, #2D, Paso Robles, CA 93446, (805) 226-9890.
Office on Google
©Toews Law Group, Inc. Website Development by Access Publishing


Living Downstream Northern California Public Media presents Living Downstream: The Environmental Justice Podcast, produced in association with the NPR One mobile app. Living Downstream explores environmental justice in communities from California to Indonesia and is hosted by NCPM News Director Steve Mencher. The podcast features some of the most experienced environmental reporters in the public radio system, as well as a handful of talented newcomers.
October 24, 2018 • Civilian employees at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida tested the defoliant Agent Orange in the 1960s. Public radio veteran Jon Kalish brings us the story of these workers, who have suffered from ailments including soft-tissue sarcomas and lymphoma. Related Stories The Forgotten Civilians of Eglin Air Force Base - Enclosure The Forgotten Civilians of Eglin Air Force Base Firing Forests to Save Them: Could Native American Traditions Protect Land and Lives?
Firing Forests to Save Them: Could Native American Traditions Protect Land and Lives?


Includes : See notes below.
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Fold | Deviations in the course of speech that make use of digression, detour, parentheses, or citation, allowing one to play with a range of qualities and registers. Folds produce tacking movements that twist discursive threads without breaking them.
Speaking of folds implies viewing speech through the metaphor of a continuous line or thread (indeed, one often hears of narrative or discursive threads): one that is curved not straight, inflected, wavy, making detours and digressions, going through distinct forms of enunciation, making qualitative jumps between different levels of speech without ever resolving itself into any set form of continuity.
Apart from the fact that they favor thematic digressions, folds also allow discourse to turn back on itself and anticipate its own becoming. In this excerpt of a Gilles Deleuze lecture on Leibniz, folding allows for the various points of a philosophical demonstration to be brought together over the course of several sessions. Such a reversal of time's dimensions also allows actor Jean-Claude Van Damme to adequately theorize his particularly tortuous way of speaking.
Some folds stretch out secondary levels of discourse ad infinitum, leading to a noticeable delay in reaching someone's object of speech. The very beginning of Antonin Artaud's Pour en finir avec le Jugement de Dieu delights itself in pushing back the object of the famous opening phrase "yesterday I learned." A journalist charged with reading an AFP dispatch gives his listeners a moment of contrition whose underlying strategy is clear: to make them want the news. In this excerpt of Sacha Guitry's film Assassins et voleurs, the character played by Darry Cowl avoids the confession demanded of him by the court through a series of successive folds. The comedic potential of this kind of situation can be heard with humorist Pierre Repp, where stuttering and spoonerisms create a number of false leads that are each more incongruous than the other.
When the hierarchy of levels of discourse tends to come undone and peripheral elements begin to proliferate in excessive ways, folds can also be used to saturate speech (see the entry Saturation). Asked to justify his absence at a work meeting, a man is led to use phrases like "well, anyway" in order not to lose his initial train of thought. In an extended question asked by Marc Kravetz to novelist Eduardo Manet, a guest on France Culture's show Matins, the multiple parentheses used are not so much digressions as they are elements that re-traverse the novel and complicate the problem. In a reverse example, we have this disproportionately long answer to the question "You're never punished at school?" by a player in L'École des fans.
A young woman calls the hotel where she spent the night to know if anyone has found the lingerie she believes to have forgotten there: this story, simple at first glance, breaks down into pieces through the use of peripheral details. Saturation by folds reaches its peak when a rapid output is combined with incoherent remarks: asked about his ties to Claude Berri, Jean-Luc Delarue addresses his astounded listeners "without an unconscious," his words borne by the digressions of his bubbling thoughts.
Freed from the worries of having to maintain a steady discursive thread, folded speech can lose itself in an unrestrained drift, tacking a conversation miles from its original subject without appearing problematic in doing so. In this excerpt, we hear Françoise Sagan move without transition from racehorses to the sufferings of the unemployed. Elsewhere, Barbara's desire to open herself to an audience leads only to the pleasure of her pretending to be lost in her remarks, and a word ("green") becomes the basis for a series of disjointed word associations. When such an improvised drift is based entirely upon the emptiness of speaking for the sake of speaking, it can provoke an audience's ire, and rightly so.
Just as lonely, though not quite as indifferent to its surroundings, a soliloquy captured in the Parisian Metro threads together a series of disparate referents like pearls, the subway allowing for changes in focus favorable to temporarily leaving one's main remarks aside.
Finally, in Benoît Jacquot's film Télévision, Jacques Lacan's words are represented as forming a continuous intellectual drift, though one that is largely under control. Here, folds are dramatized as the realization of words in actions, with Lacan arranging his eloquent pauses, interpolated clauses, authoritative quotes, his focalization, his contrasts in tone and intensity, etc., as needed.
Evelyne Dheliat, excerpt from the TF1 weather report, 2016.
Jean-Marie Straub, excerpt of the show Nuits Magnétiques, France Culture, 1992.
Darry Cowl, excerpt of the film Assassins et voleurs by Sacha Guitry, 1957.
Excerpt of a cosmetic packaging tutorial posted on YouTube, 2012.
Party conversation, recording by Olivier Nourisson, 2000s.
Maurice Pialat, excerpt of the show Champs Contre-champs, ORTF, 1973.
Barbara, concert excerpt, unknown date.
Pierre Repp, excerpt of the comedy sketch "Les Crêpes," 1960s.
Jean-Claude Van Damme, extrait d'un entretien, 2001.
Jean-Louis Bory, excerpt of the show Le Masque et la Plume, France Inter, 1963.
Christophe Tarkos, Le petit bidon, Centre Pompidou, 1999.
Gilles Deleuze, excerpt of a lecture on Leibniz, 1986.
Henri Guillemin, excerpt of the show En appel about Blaise Pascal, RTS, 1972.
Alain Robbe-Grillet, excerpt of the show Le Roman du nouveau roman, France Culture, 2007.
Street Scene, excerpts from the documentary On the Edge of the World, Claude Drexel, Arte, 2014.
Michel Braud, excerpt of a thesis defense in the performing arts, 2012.
Jérôme Mauche, message left on Nicolas Rollet's voicemail, 2008.
Scene from a police station, excerpt of the film Faits divers, Raymond Depardon, 1982.
Mon Maître, mon Roi !
Scene from the metro, personal recording by Nicolas Rollet, 2010.
Aimé Jacquet, excerpt of the film Les yeux dans les bleus, 1998.
Roland Barthes, La Préparation du roman, lecture at the Collège de France, 1978.
Qu'est-ce que j'ai fait de mon briquet ?
Rosa-Maria Gomes, excerpt of the film Maine Océan by Jacques Rozier, 1986.
Léon Blum, excerpt of a speech at Luna Park in Paris, 1936.
Telephone conversation, recording by Nicolas Rollet, 2007.
Excerpt of the show L'école des fans, Antenne 2, 1980.
Sophie Marceau, speech before the presentation of a Palme d'or, Festival de Cannes, 1999.
Françoise Sagan, excerpt of the show Ramdam, FR3, 1993.
Excerpt of a show on RTL, 2008.


Erica O'Rourke is the award-winning author of The Torn Trilogy (TORN, TANGLED, and BOUND). Her latest series is The Dissonance Series (DISSONANCE, HARMONIC, RESONANCE). She lives outside Chicago with her family, where she spends her days making lists and reading books. She likes coffee, Doctor Who, and anything ginger.
Lucy Kerr is the pen name of Erica O'Rourke, an award-winning author of young adult fiction. Her debut adult mystery, TIME OF DEATH, will be published by Crooked Lane Books in December 2016. Lucy lives outside Chicago with her family and many, many piles of books. She likes strong coffee, rainy days, old buildings, and fresh-baked cookies -- but she likes telling stories best of all.


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Kurt Busch posts fastest lap in final Cup practice at Pocono
By Dustin LongMay 31, 2019, 4:59 PM EDT
Photo by Jonathan Ferrey/Getty Images
Kurt Busch had the fastest lap in Friday's final Cup practice session at Pocono Raceway.
Busch ran a lap of 172.712 mph. He was followed by Brad Keselowski (171.798 mph), Kyle Larson (171.612), Ricky Stenhouse Jr. (171.018) and Kyle Busch (170.849).
Busch had the best average over 10 consecutive laps at 170.042 mph. He was followed by Keselowski (169.548 mph) and Chase Elliott (169.482).
Joey Logano ran the most laps at 43. He was 13th on the speed chart with a top lap of 170.148 mph.
Matt DiBenedetto will start at the rear of the field Sunday after his team changed engines Friday. He was one of four drivers who did not get on track in the final practice session. Also not running in the session were Quin Houff, Reed Sorenson and Ross Chastain.
Qualifying is Saturday. The race is Sunday.
Whoever has a curse placed on us, please do us a favor and lift it 😂 Had to change engines so we are missing final practice and will start in the rear of the field.
— Matt DiBenedetto (@mattdracing) May 31, 2019


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Questions Raised After State Dept. Reveals Identities of 3 Clinton Aides Who Exchanged Top-Secret Info
Chris WhiteJul 25th, 2016, 2:52 pm
A new report published over the weekend has revealed the identities of the government officials who exchanged material classified top-secret with Hillary Clinton during her tenure as Secretary of State. In what has become a common occurrence over the past year, this report contradicts Clinton's ever changing public claims about her use of the private email server.
Vice News late on Friday reported they had obtained a document from the State Department through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request showing Clinton discussed top-secret information with three of her top aides. The aides with whom Clinton discussed the top-secret material were identified as deputy chief of staff Jake Sullivan, chief of staff Cheryl Mills and Deputy Secretary of State William Burns. This is reportedly the first time the State Department has revealed the identities of the individuals who exchanged emails with Clinton that contained top-secret information.
The State Department provided the new information in the form of a Vaughn Index, which the report states is a document filed in FOIA lawsuits to "justify the withholding of information under a FOIA exemption." A typical Vaughn Index is reportedly required to contain at least some general information about the subject matter of the withheld material. However, the Vaughn Index provided by the State Department includes no such information because the information found on Clinton is considered to be too sensitive to even mention the general topic of the discussions publicly. The document only provides the authors and recipients of the classified emails and the year they were sent.
For example, one 2011 email exchange labeled "Email Chain #1" is described as follows:
Email chain between Jacob Sullivan and Secretary Clinton concluding with message from Secretary Clinton to Jacob Sullivan
Email chain between Jacob Sullivan and Secretary Clinton concluding with message from Jacob Sullivan to Secretary Clinton
The description of a separate email chain labeled "Email Chain #5" from 2012 states:
Email from a State Department of official to multiple State Department officials, forwarded by Jacob Sullivan to Secretary Clinton, Cheryl Mills, and William Burns
Email chain originating with email from a State Department official to multiple State Department officials, concluding with message to Jacob Sullivan from Secretary Clinton
Email chain originating with email from a State Department official to multiple State Department officials, concluding with message to Secretary Clinton to Jacob Sullivan
Steven Aftergood, the director of the Project on Government Secrecy at the Federation of American Scientists, told Vice News that the State Department's Vaughn Index document was wholly inadequate.
"State did not 'identify each document' in such a way as to clearly distinguish among the various documents, and it certainly did not explain the damage that would result from disclosure of any or all of the documents," Aftergood told the news outlet. "So it doesn't seem to meet the legal standard for a Vaughn index."
Furthermore, this new information appears to raise questions about the justifications made by some Clinton defenders for not prosecuting her. Some have argued that prosecuting Clinton would've required the Department of Justice to prosecute potentially hundreds of other government officials that were included on classified email chains. In fact, Clinton herself even relied on this defense in an effort to lessen the sting of FBI Director James Comey's devastating conclusion that she lacked the sophistication to understand the classification system.
"Now, I worked with over 300 people during e-mail exchanges — predominantly, in the State Department; a few in other parts of the government — people with long experience and expertise in handling classified material — and I had no reason to second guess their judgments about the material that they were exchanging, and that they would forward or send to me," Clinton told Wolf Blitzer in an interview on CNN.
However, the descriptions of the top-secret email exchanges appear to show that the discussion of the most sensitive classified information was actually limited to Clinton and three of her top aides — not hundreds of other government officials. For example, in "Email Chain #5" the limited description makes it all but impossible to discern whether the classified information was included in the originating email from an unidentified "State Department official." One interpretation could be that the material only became classified at the top-secret level due to the subsequent discussion by Clinton or Sullivan. The State Department could clear this up quickly by filing a more detailed and proper Vaughn Index, but based on how this entire email investigation had unfolded that seems to be an unlikely result.
This is an opinion piece. The views expressed in this article are those of just the author.
2016 electionelection 2016election 2016. Clinton emailhillary clintonState Department


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text:
How Autism Is Diagnosed
More in Autism
Treatment/Therapy
Support & Coping
Autism & Family Life
High-Functioning Autism
By Lisa Jo Rudy
Self Checks/At-Home Testing
Labs and Tests
Parents worry that any difference in their child's behavior or development could be a sign of a lifelong disability like autism. Sometimes these worries are unnecessary. Other times, careful observation can lead to early diagnosis, early treatment, and, with luck, a positive outcome. Even if autism is diagnosed and treated later in childhood—or in adulthood—treatments and support can make a big and positive difference. While it's never "too late" to be diagnosed with autism, it's never too early for a screening or evaluation. If autism is ruled out, other challenges may be caught and treated early.
Often, early signs of autism are observed by parents or grandparents. If you think that you or someone you love may have autism, you probably have noticed certain symptoms. Perhaps you've picked up on a lack of eye contact, difficulty with social relationships, speech delays, or odd physical behaviors such as rocking, finger flicking, or toe walking. It can be helpful to use an autism symptoms checklist.
Autism Symptoms Checklist
If your child has just one or two symptoms but is otherwise developing normally, chances are that your child do not have autism spectrum disorder. That doesn't mean, however, that your child has no challenges. A child who has speech delays but no other symptoms, for example, may benefit from speech therapy even if the child does not have autism. Issues like these can and should be treated as soon as possible.
Older children and adults may have some or all of the symptoms as are seen in younger children. Most of the time, however, these symptoms are relatively mild—late diagnosis means that the individual has managed to compensate for autistic challenges.
Who to See for a Diagnosis
Once you've determined that something may be amiss, it's a good idea to seek a health professional to screen for autism. Your child's teacher is not a diagnostician. And while they may see worrying signs, they cannot and should not make a diagnosis. The same is true of friends and relatives who may believe they see signs of autism in your child. While it's fine to take their concerns seriously enough to schedule a professional evaluation, their "diagnosis" should never be the final word.
The "right" professional may be a psychologist, a developmental pediatrician, or a pediatric neurologist. Your choice will, to a large degree, depend on who is available in your local area. Whatever their specialty, be sure that the expert you choose has experience with and knowledge of autism spectrum disorders.
Adults who are seeking an autism diagnosis will usually see a psychologist or psychiatrist who specializes in autism. That individual can administer appropriate tests and suggest treatments.
Professionals Who Can Make an Autism Diagnosis
Because autism cannot be diagnosed with a medical test, testing involves interviews, observation, and evaluations. Screening may include:
IQ tests to check for intellectual challenges.
Speech evaluations to check your child's ability to understand and use spoken speech in an age-appropriate and meaningful manner.
Occupational therapy evaluations (tests to check for age-appropriate fine motor skills, visual and spatial awareness, sensory responses, and other neurophysical concerns).
Hearing tests (to ensure autistic symptoms are not caused by hearing loss).
Autism-specific questionnaires, such as the ADI-R, for parents to fill out about their child's developmental milestones, behaviors, sensitivities, challenges, and strengths.
Other tests, such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale (ADOS) and The Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT), which examine observations of children's behaviors based on norms
None of these tests are perfect and some can be misleading. IQ and speech tests, for example, are written for typically developing children, but children being tested for autism almost always have behavioral and speech challenges. These challenges can get in the way of the testing process, making outcomes difficult to interpret.
Even when a professional provides an opinion, the opinion may not be definitive. It's not unusual to hear (particularly of a very young child), "It could be autism, but he's still very young. Why don't you check in again in six months and we'll see how he's doing?" While this kind of uncertainty can be extremely frustrating, it's sometimes unavoidable.
Currently, there are no diagnostic imaging tests for autism spectrum disorder. However, there is considerable research into detecting autism early by the use of brain scans. These studies include structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and functional connectivity MRI scans. These studies have usually been done on infants who have a sibling who has autism and are therefore at greater risk.
MRI does not use radiation, so it is of lower risk than other types of imaging that do. But it is noisy and requires the child to be absolutely still, so it can be hard to get a useable scan. The percentage of false positives in the current research methods is high. In the population that is not at high risk, the procedure could result in the vast majority of babies testing positive not actually having autism.
The Link Between Autism and Brain Changes
In many cases, children have developmental challenges that resemble autism but which turn out to be simple delays or signs of other developmental issues. For example, not responding to a name could very well be a symptom of hearing impairment. Late talking could be due to aphasia or apraxia of speech.
The child's issues might be signs of another condition. They may be diagnosed with learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or hyperlexia. This might be the correct diagnosis, or the child may have both autism and one of these conditions, or autism alone.
Common co-occurring mental illnesses for people with autism include depression and anxiety. People with autism have these conditions more often than people in the general population.
For many families, an autism diagnosis can be overwhelming. It seems to change everything and it can affect your relationship with your spouse, your friends, and your child. But your child is still the person he or she always was and there's plenty of help, hope, and support available.
Treatments and Therapies for Autism
Hampton T. Early Brain Imaging in Infants May Help Predict Autism. JAMA. 2017;318(13):1211-1212.
Hazlett HC, Gu H, Munsell BC, et al. Early Brain Development in Infants at High Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nature. 2017;542(7641):348–351. doi:10.1038/nature21369
Rutter M, LeCouteur A, et. al. Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) Western Psychological Services, 2003
Allely, CS. Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in primary care. Practitioner. 2011 Nov;255(1745):27-30, 3.
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