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Debate: Identity Cards
Should everyone have to carry a national identity card?
Background and context:
The assumptions in this debate will vary from country to country. In some, such as the U.K. identity cards have only ever been a temporary wartime measure and there is considerable resistance to the idea of introducing them, in others they are an accepted fact of life and the controversial debate would instead be whether they should be abolished. In both situations, however, a common assumption would be that if everyone has to have an identity card, they would also have to produce it when asked to do so by those in authority (e.g. police officers, welfare offices), implying that it would need to be carried on the person at all times. The UK is currently (2007) in the early stages of introducing a National Identity Card scheme, with the first biometric ID cards due to be issued to British citizens in 2009. Initially the scheme will be voluntary but it is expected to eventually become compulsory. Canada and Australia are debating similar ideas.
1. Should everyone have to carry a national identity card? |
2. Background and context: |
3. Government/privacy: Would IDs appropriately involve government? | | | |
4. Security: Would identity cards enhance national security? | | | |
5. Convenience: Would identity cards be more or less convenient than the status quo? | | | |
6. Identity: Do ID cards help citizens uphold their identity? | | | |
7. Forgery: Would national ID cards make forgery more difficult? | | | |
8. Crime: Would ID cards help reduce crime? | | | |
9. Illegal immigration: Would ID cards help stem illegal immigration? | | | |
10. Costs: Would a national ID card be economically sound? | | | |
11. Pro/con bibliography | | | |
12. See also |
13. External links and resources |
Government/privacy: Would IDs appropriately involve government?
Identity cards are a just measure for governments to take to effectively regulate access. Identity cards are like government-issued keys. A key is something one uses to gain access to something. Nobody may demand one present a key; the key is required to get something, not to BE where one already is. As such, the burden of constraining presence in a space should fall to those who wish to limit the space. People in a space should not bear the burden of demonstrating their presence is rightful; people controlling the space should bear the burden of securing it.
Improved enforcement of laws with identity cards will help in the analysis and enhancement of laws: In fact, we might now pass a law requiring cars sold here to include electronic readers that require drivers to present a valid license before the car will start. With that in mind, the important issue for our society is not "identity cards", it's the ramifications of the 100% enforcement new technologies make possible. As Lincoln noted: "The best way to get a bad law repealed is to enforce it strictly". In other words, when our laws are enforced 100%, their true colors can be exposed, better analyzed, and laws can be more effectively enhanced or changed.
Identity cards would place personal information under more accountable government regulation - Identity cards and loyalty cards now pervade our private transactions. Large private databases grow, largely unchecked, with only scant accountability requirements. A thoughtful shift toward public forms might allow more public constraint on the collection and resale of personal data individuals would prefer not be published. For example, some retailers now ask customers for their phone numbers, even on cash transactions. Instead of making up such data requests arbitrarily, firms might be asked to assert reasons why they collect certain data.
Past abuse of "identity cards" would not occur in modern liberal democracies. All of the instances of past abuses of identity cards occurred in despotic countries such as Nazi Germany, Rwanda, and Apartheid South Africa. These are not comparable examples against the implementation of identity cards in Western liberal democracies, where laws exist to prevent the kinds of historical abuses cited.
Law-abiding citizens should have nothing to fear from ID cards. While there are certainly legitimate limits that must exist on identity cards, it must be asked what is feared by individuals that oppose such cards? If one is a law-abiding citizen, there should be few fears regarding the limited personal information that is revealed.
National ID cards would violate citizens' right to privacy. National IDs would remove one of the most important rights of any man or woman – the right to be left alone by the state. A widely used identity card would allow the state to monitor closely the movements of its citizens. Issuing identity cards for specific purposes, e.g. driving licenses or welfare claimant cards, is permissible because these are limited and essentially voluntary; a compulsory universal card is not. In wartime such an instrument of state power is justifiable, but to extend this power to the government in peacetime would be an overreaction.
Identity cards create too many openings to police abuse. Demanding identity cards be shown is an easy way for police officers to harass minority groups, providing an excuse for more intrusive searches which the law would not otherwise allow. Police are also likely to assume anyone near a crime scene whose card identifies them as having a criminal record must be involved with the offence.
Identity cards are contrary to the maxim: "the government that governs best, governs least". It has been argued that identity cards impose a disproportionate burden upon both government and citizens while empowering the executive, which is contrary to the maxim: "the government that governs best, governs least". Some have pointed out that extensive lobbying for identity cards has been undertaken, in countries without compulsory identity cards, by IT companies who will be likely to reap rich benefits in the event of an identity card scheme being implemented.
Identity cards have been used oppressively historically. For example, Nazi Germany made use of unique biometric identities by tattooing identification numbers on the arms of concentration-camp detainees. More recently, the apartheid-era government of South Africa used pass books as internal passports to oppress that country's black population. Where religious affiliation or ethnic background is required on ID cards (as used to be the case in Greece), discrimination is enabled. Under some interpretations of Sharia law, apostate Muslims may be sentenced to death. Malaysia's identity cards only state the religion if a person's religion is Islam. This can become a bureaucratic nightmare or even lead to death when a person changes his or her affiliation which in any case should be a private matter of no business to officialdom.
Most national ID schemes do not take into account legitimate reasons for concealing identity. Victims of domestic violence, witnesses in criminal investigations and trials, and others, may not want their identity or locations to be widely known. Yet, a national ID scheme would see this information made public.
Security: Would identity cards enhance national security?
National IDs would be better for national security than reliance on driver's license IDs - Currently, driver's licenses are the primary form of identification for individuals to gain access and to enter airports. As such, they are a primary line of defense. Yet, they are very easy to obtain, and thus present a major vulnerability to national security. A national ID would help resolve these vulnerabilities.
Disparate management of ID card databases would be a security vulnerability. The proposed British ID card (see next section) will involve a series of linked databases, to be managed by the private sector. Managing disparate linked systems using a range of institutions and any number of personnel is alleged to be a security disaster in the making. [1]
A national ID card will make America less secure
Convenience: Would identity cards be more or less convenient than the status quo?
ID cards would reduce instances of invasive strip searches
New technologies make it unnecessary to restrict identification to "card" form, reducing the potential for inconveniences. New data devices can be embedded in wearable, water-resistant objects, including bracelets, rings, pendants, etc.
Modern smart-cards could reduce the need for users to carry multiple cards. Technology can digitally encode a great deal of important information about the user, for example their driving license details, club memberships, medical record. This could remove the current need to carry lots of separate cards, as most people do at present.
Identity cards would be less physically bulky than passports for verification in banks or at national borders.
Identity cards could save lives in a medical emergency. Medical information could be stored on modern ID cards, making it possible for emergency respondents.
Identity cards enable fast quick ownership or eligibility verification. For example, when paying with a credit card or cheque, or attempting to buy age-restricted products.
It is unreasonable to expect people to carry a specific card on their person at all times - Including presumably at the beach, while dancing at a club, while exercising, etc. Yet failure to produce a card when asked could land perfectly innocent people in trouble with the authorities. Perhaps worse, losing a card which represents your entire existence (driving licence, welfare card, health insurance card, etc. all in one) would create a great deal of trouble. Finally, from what age should cards be issued; are five year-old children to be required to carry them and keep them safe at school and in the playground? Furthermore, a requirement to carry an identity card at all times can lead to the inconvenience of arbitrary requests from card controllers (such as the police). This can lead to functionality creep whereby carrying a card becomes de facto if not de jure compulsory, as in the case of Social Security numbers, which are now widely used as ID.
Identity: Do ID cards help citizens uphold their identity?
One's identity should not be linked to access keys such as a driver's license. We should be moving toward independent, separable access keys, so any one key may be retired or revoked without affecting others. For example, a senior whose vision is too poor for driving may still need to cash a check; losing access to driving should not mean losing access to checking.
It is demeaning to be reduced to a series of data on an ID card, depersonalising transactions and suggesting that the government fears its own people and has to seek to control them.
Many law-abiding people choose to reinvent themselves under new identities for a wide range of reasons. - National ID cards may make this a more difficult step to take for individuals, which may be unfair.
Forgery: Would national ID cards make forgery more difficult?
False identification may be reduced where identity cards are required to open a bank account. - Any additional checks on identity where it is critical to financial accounts and transactions would be beneficial.
Technology enhanced ID cards would make forgery much more difficult. Modern technology can allow cards to be developed which include mapping of unique biometric features of their owner, e.g. fingerprints, retinal scans, etc., making forging very difficult and a stolen card useless.
Key-holding devices can use biometrics ONLY for accessing the set of keys inside, limiting risk of privacy leakage. Those biometrics need not be transmitted across huge, legally and technologically heterogeneous networks; so, the risk of biometric data leakage can be limited to the key-holding device.
Single ID cards hold greater incentives for forgery than separate access cards. Perversely, the more important and apparently forgery-proof a card is, the greater the incentive for criminals to find ways to forge them. If cards become widely used and widely trusted, then the rewards for anyone who can find a way to fake them are potentially huge. Governments do not have a monopoly upon electronic research and digital information can be hacked into and tampered with, so there can never be such a thing as a crime-proof card. No country has ever successfully produced a totally unforgeable ID card. Therefore, any increase in ID cards would create greater vulnerabilities to identity theft and fraud.
Crime: Would ID cards help reduce crime?
There is little evidence that identity cards will reduce crime. The former UK Home Secretary Charles Clarke conceded that identity cards may only be useful in the identification of bodies in the aftermath of a crime. The facts that the terrorists involved in 9/11 and the London tube attacks did have and would have had identity cards, respectively. As a strong presumption of identity is given in favour of a card holder, the identity card scheme might be an asset to potential terrorists.
Illegal immigration: Would ID cards help stem illegal immigration?
ID cards could be used as a tool to deny illegal immigrants access to mainstream financial systems. Non-citizens seem centrally to enter in violation of laws for the PURPOSE of participating in financial transactions. If a) all our money was instantly, electronically traceable and auditable, and b) all financial transactions required an access key to participate and to access our financial system, then c) those without access keys could not be paid. Thus the incentive to enter illegally would be removed. Note, this would NOT be the same as making the value of "legal tender" revocable. It would only require that a "financial access key" be presented to gain access to our financial system and conduct a transaction.
ID cards should not be directed toward solving illegal immigration, an exaggerated problem. Immigration is generally beneficial to countries, particularly economically, as the provide a substantial work force. Europe needs new workers and few wish to stay permanently. An identity card system would place an illiberal burden upon all European citizens, whereas border checks are seldom very inconvenient for those who choose to travel.
Costs: Would a national ID card be economically sound?
Identity cards can increase administrative efficiency. A unified electronic ID card system could make it mush easier and more efficient for governments and companies to interact and perform transactions. This would cut administrative costs substantially.
A national ID is unnecessary as other ther forms of documentation have proven adequate. Access documentation such as driver's licenses, passport, or Medicare card serve a similar function on a more limited scale, and thus an ID card is not needed.
The cost of introducing and administering an identity card system can be very high. Figures from £30 (US$60) to £90 or even higher have been suggested for the proposed UK ID card. [2]
Pro/con bibliography
Carlson, Margaret. "The Case for a National ID Card". Time Magazine. January 14th, 2002
Andrews, Darren. "The Case Against ID Cards: A Principled Approach". Freedom-Central.Net. Retrieved 1.2.08
"Help Stop the Creation of a National Database of Personal Information". ACLU. April 12th, 2005
Debate: Biometric national ID cards to prevent employment of illegal immigrants
Debate: National biometric ID cards
Debate: US national ID card
Home Office (UK Government)
A Libertarian Conservative Case Against Identity Cards
Society for Individual Freedom: Identity Cards
Paper on Australia's proposed ID card
Guide to Italian identity cards scheme
Article on France's plans for compulsory biometric identity cards
No2ID - against the introduction of identity cards in the UK
Mapleleafweb article on the debate over identity cards in Canada
Parliament of Austalia Parliamentary Library report on identity cards
Identity cards in Hong Kong
Statewatch on EU plans
Identity Cards : Ivan Lawrence
Identity Cards Revisited : Madeleine Colvin
Biometrics: Identity Verification in a Networked World : Samir Nanavati
Identity Crisis: How Identification is Overused and Misunderstood : Jim Harper
National Identification Systems: Essays in Opposition : Carl Watner (Editor)
Retrieved from "http://www.debatepedia.com/en/index.php/Debate:_Identity_Cards"
Categories: Debatabase | Politics | Individual rights | Privacy | Security | Terrorism | Public policy | Global priorities | ID cards
This page was last modified 16:38, 25 April 2010.


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Q: Xamarin Forms:Prism MVVM:Android:Navigate to specific page when click on Push Notification I am trying to implement a basic push notification example using
Xamarin Forms with Prism MVVM, Azure & FCM.
I am receiving notification, but couldn't navigate to a specific page when clicked on the notification.
Trying basic functionality when the app is running or in the background (not closed).
When click on notification, need to navigate to MainPage as shown in below code).
It is calling MainPage, but, not initializing ViewModel (MainPageViewModel).
I am not very sure, is this the right way of navigating from Android project.
Similar code worked fine in iOS.
protected override void OnNewIntent(Intent intent)
{
     base.OnNewIntent(intent);
     Intent = intent;
     var page = new NavigationPage(new MainPage());
     Prism.PrismApplicationBase.Current.MainPage = page;
}

Any hints, please...!
Updated.... Answer
protected override void OnNewIntent(Intent intent)
{
     base.OnNewIntent(intent);
     Intent = intent;

     //var page = new NavigationPage(new MainPage());
     //Prism.PrismApplicationBase.Current.MainPage = page;

     var container = (App.Current as Prism.Unity.PrismApplication).Container;
     var navigationService = container.Resolve<INavigationService>();
     navigationService.NavigateAsync("/NavigationPage/MainPage");
}

and added below registration in App.xaml.cs file
protected override void RegisterTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry)
{
    containerRegistry.Register<Prism.Navigation.INavigationService,
    Prism.Navigation.PageNavigationService>();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Grace Academy Solihull
Mr Roy Bayliss
1125 pupils
(During the Ofsted inspection, the inspector made Satisfactory judgements.)
(This is the percentage of pupils who attained 5 or more GCSEs at grade C or above, incl English and Maths.)
Grace Academy opened as an 11 to 18 school in September 2006. It has a non-denominational Christian ethos and subject specialisms in business and enterprise. The academy is accommodated in state of the art new buildings adjacent to the site of its 11 to 16 predecessor school. The academy follows Solihull Local Authority's admission policy; it is non-selective and is heavily oversubscribed. It serves the community of Chelmsley Wood, an area that includes districts of high social and economic disadvantage. The majority of students are White British, although a small number come from minority ethnic heritages. The number of students eligible for free school meals is twice the national average. The proportion of students with learning difficulties and/or disabilities is also well above the national figure. The academy has faced significant staffing difficulties and has experienced a large turnover of teachers. In January 2008, the principal was appointed as executive principal for the Grace Academies and the vice principal took up post as principal. In September 2008, 27 teachers joined the academy, including several in key senior and middle leadership roles.
Show the full table for Solihull Education Authority, for the town Birmingham or for the postcode B37
Chapelhouse Lane, Chelmsey Wood, Birmingham B37 5JS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this iQuestions video from Focus on the Family, Gary Smalley explains how changing your beliefs can help you stop criticizing loved ones and complaining about life.
Gary Smalley (deceased) was a best-selling, award-winning author, a popular public speaker and a renowned family relationship expert. He was the founder and president of the Smalley Institute, which provides practical relationship help through conferences, resources and counseling. Gary passed away on March 6, 2016, at age 75. He is survived by his wife, Norma, their three children and several grandchildren. Learn more about Gary, his ministry and resources by visiting the Smalley Institute's website.


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Home/Apk Subs/The World's Most Popular Mobile Game Subway Surfers
Subway Surfers Apps on Google Play
Subway Surfers is a popular mobile game developed and published by Kiloo and Sybo Games. The game was first released in 2012 and has since grown to become one of the most popular mobile games in the world, with millions of players from around the globe. Subway Surfers is available on both iOS and Android platforms.
What is "Subway Surfers"?
The objective of Subway Surfers is to guide the main character, Jake, through an endless subway system while avoiding obstacles and collecting coins. The player controls Jake as he runs through the subway, jumping over obstacles and collecting coins along the way. The game features a colorful and vibrant art style, with a dynamic soundtrack that adds to the overall experience.
Subway Surfers tips
One of the main reasons for Subway Surfers' success is its simple yet addictive gameplay. The game's endless running mechanics and fast-paced action keep players engaged and coming back for more. The game also features a variety of power-ups and items that can be collected along the way, such as jetpacks, magnets, and coins that help the player to progress further in the game.
What features of Subway Surfers
Another key feature of Subway Surfers is its wide variety of characters, boards, and outfits. Players can unlock new characters and boards by collecting coins and completing challenges. Each character and board has its unique abilities and attributes, which add to the gameplay experience. Additionally, players can also unlock new outfits for the characters, giving them a new look and feel.
Subway Surfers on the App Store
Subway Surfers also offers a variety of challenges and events that are held regularly. These challenges and events give players the opportunity to earn rewards, such as coins, keys, and exclusive items. This keeps the game interesting and engaging for the players.
A Review of Social Features
The game also features a strong social aspect, allowing players to connect with friends and compete with them on a global leaderboard. Players can also share their high scores and progress on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Why Is The Subway Surfers App So Popular?
Despite its popularity, Subway Surfers has faced its fair share of criticism. The game has been criticized for its high level of repetition and its potential to be addictive. To address these concerns, the game developers have implemented some measures such as adding new characters, boards, and outfits to the game, which keeps the game fresh and exciting for players.
This Subway Surfers Challenge
Another challenge facing Subway Surfers is the rise of other endless running games, such as Temple Run and Sonic Dash. These games have gained popularity among players, which has led to an increase in competition. To combat this trend, Subway Surfers has been working on new updates and features, such as new characters and boards, to keep the game fresh and exciting for players.
Subway Surfers Game Review
In conclusion, Subway Surfers is a popular mobile game that offers players simple yet addictive gameplay, a wide variety of characters, boards, and outfits, and a variety of challenges and events that are held regularly. Despite facing criticism and competition from other games, Subway Surfers continues to evolve and adapt to keep the game exciting and engaging for players. The game's social aspect and the ability to share high scores and progress on social media platforms, make it an enjoyable and engaging experience for players. The game's colorful and vibrant art style, dynamic soundtrack and simple yet challenging mechanics all contribute to the game's popularity and success.
How to See First Message on Telegram Channels


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Lebanon: UN calls for continued dialogue ahead of municipal elections
23 March 2010 – Municipal elections planned for Lebanon later this year must be free and fair, a senior United Nations official said today as he urged the country's political leaders to continue to pursue dialogue to ensure that tensions are eased ahead of the polls.
Michael Williams, the UN Special Coordinator for Lebanon, spoke to reporters in Beirut after meeting Prime Minister Saad Hariri to brief him on recent developments, particularly the Security Council briefing on Lebanon earlier this month.
He noted that the Lebanese Parliament is discussing draft reforms for the municipal elections – including races for local council members and town and village leaders – that are scheduled to take place later this year.
"Whatever the Lebanese decide in this regard, we hope that the elections will take place in a free, fair and democratic atmosphere," Mr. Williams said. "I welcome particularly the recent meeting of the National Dialogue [a political reconciliation process] and the reaffirmation of the commitment of Lebanese leaders to stability and calm rhetoric as municipal elections draw near."
Responding to questions from journalists, the Special Coordinator also called on all sides to do more to fully implement the Security Council resolution from 2006 that ended that year's conflict between Israel and Hizbollah.
The resolution calls for respect for the so-called Blue Line separating the Israeli and Lebanese sides, the disarming of all militias operating in Lebanon and an end to arms smuggling in the area.
posted by philippe at 5:58 PM
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I'm addicted to shawl knitting. My children will have plenty to wear when they are grannies. I am just trying to find places to go to wear the ones I have knit. I just finished the Elizabeth and Holbrook shawls and I am working on the Vernal Equinox shawl. But a wedding 'cardigan' is in the offing as the next project. Carolyn, I will be calling you!


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Q: Android design pattern for background operation with UI and non-UI modes I have a background operation that I'd like to be able to run in two modes:

*

*UI mode, which is launched by the user and provides the user precise feedback on the state of the operation throughout its life cycle.

*non-UI mode, which is launched by AlarmManager and provides the user with a summary of the operation at the end of its life cycle.
The natural design choice to achieve only UI mode would be AsyncTask and the natural design choice to achieve only non-UI mode would be IntentService.
What is the natural design choice to achieve both modes simultaneously? I.e., what is the natural design choice to incorporate these two modes into a single object?

A: Instead of having an object doing the same stuff through different ways (UI / non-UI), I would move the business logic into a separate class, then have two different objects (AsyncTask and IntentService) being activated at the time you need, and use that object within. Also, what kind of task are you planning on running in your AsyncTask?

A: At the moment, I am leaning towards the following solution. Define MyAsyncTask without UI and MyUIAsyncTask extends MyAsyncTask with UI; this achieves UI mode. Define MyService which has an instance of MyAsyncTask (see
[Is it possible to use AsyncTask in a Service class?); which achieves non-UI mode. I'm not convinced that this is the best solution, moreover, it violates the following threading rules:

*

*The AsyncTask class must be loaded on the UI thread.

*The task instance must be created on the UI thread.

*execute(Params...) must be invoked on the UI thread.


To operate certain kinds of passenger vehicles in the state of California, you must obtain a Class B passenger endorsement from the California Department of Motor Vehicles. There are two varieties of Class B requirements: commercial and noncommercial. The requirements for the commercial version are more stringent. Class B drivers can operate single vehicles that have a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 or more pounds (including buses and some farm vehicles) or any vehicle towing another similar one not over 10,000 pounds.
Fill out a driver's license application, or DMV Form DL 44. You will also need to pay an application fee of $66, as of time of publication.
Take and pass the Class B law examination. You can take this regularly scheduled exam at a California DMV facility near you. There is a fee of $31 to take this test, as of time of publication. You can make an appointment by telephone to sit for the exam.
Take and pass the driver's skill test and road test, which you can also undergo at any field DMV office. You must pass the road test prior to receiving a Class B endorsement.
Fill out a DMV Form 44C, which is equivalent to a commercial driver's license. You must have this license to get a commercial Class B endorsement. If you are employed as a driver, your employer must also provide you with a Certificate of Driving Skill, or DL 170 ETP.
How Long Does an Accident Stay on a Driving Record?


The easiest way to use a chord chart is to strum a chord and then sing or recite the lyrics. Hold the chord you just played until you arrive at the next chord.
Normally, each chord will last one measure, or four beats. If the chord lasts two measures, rather than writing it twice, I'll often place a (2) after the chord name. That means "two measures," which comes to eight beats.
Sometimes you'll have to change chords in the middle of a measure. If a chord lasts only half a measure (two beats), you'll see a (1/2) after the chord.
From left to right, those numbers refer to the fourth, third, second, and first strings. It's the same order you see the strings when you look down at your uke.
Finally, sometimes in the spirit of simplicity, you'll find a chord chart that doesn't include chord durations or fingerings. In these cases, you'll just need to listen to the original recording to get a feel for how long each chord lasts. Following along with the words can help, too.
All right, grab your uke songbook (or favorite website) and get strumming!
Next Next post: Which Ukulele To Start With?


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Visiting Dry Tortugas National Park and Fort Jefferson
by Ketki R S | Jan 6, 2020 | USA National Parks
Dry Tortugas National Park is one of the most remote and difficult to access national parks in the country. The park is home to the magnificent 19th century Fort Jefferson, rich and diverse marine life, breathtaking turquoise waters, excellent snorkeling and diving sites and incredible bird-watching opportunities. The Dry Tortugas National Park is one of the least visited national parks in the country with about 60,000 annual visitors.
Dry Tortugas National Park is one of the most remote and difficult to access national parks in the country.
What and where are the Dry Tortugas? How to reach them?
The Dry Tortugas are a group of most isolated, westernmost keys (islands) in the Gulf of Mexico, about 70 miles from Key West. The islands and their surrounding water together make up the Dry Tortugas National Park. Dry Tortugas National Park is accessible only by boat or seaplane. The Dry Tortugas ferry Yankee Freedom III or Key West Seaplane Adventures offer public transportation from Key West. Alternatively visitors can charter private vessel or seaplane.
View from the deck of Dry Tortugas ferry. Dry Tortugas National Park is accessible only by boat or seaplane. The ferry is the most economical way of reaching the Dry Tortugas.
The Dry Tortugas Ferry
Yankee Freedom III is the most economical way of reaching the Dry Tortugas. Day visitors and campers can board the ferry from Key West Ferry Terminal in the Historic Seaport. The ferry ticket includes complimentary breakfast, lunch, snorkel gear and fins. Drinking water and fresh water showers are available on the ferry. The ride takes about 2 hrs and 15 mins.
Day visitors and campers can board the ferry from Key West Ferry Terminal in the Historic Seaport.
We took the ferry to reach the Dry Tortugas. The cabin was large and spacious with wide windows. The upper deck was open to the sea and great place to experience the sea air. The food and drinks were also good. The crew was helpful; overall it was an enjoyable experience.
When to visit the Dry Tortugas?
Dry Tortugas experiences two seasons. Winter season runs from November to April. This is also the low season when fewer visitors visit the Dry Tortugas due to high winds, rough seas, turbulent waters and poor snorkeling visibility. Summer or the high season is from May to October. The islands experience little to no winds and conditions are perfect for swimming, snorkeling and kayaking. However frequent hurricanes and tropical storms are also a characteristic of the summer season and visitors need to remain informed about expected weather conditions. Ferry reservations might need to be booked days in advance in both seasons during weekends and holidays.
Fort Jefferson in close view as the ferry approached Dry Tortugas dock.
How did the Dry Tortugas get their name?
A group of Spanish explorers led by Juan Ponce de León discovered the Dry Tortugas in 1513. The islands and surrounding waters were home to several big sea turtles hence Ponce de Leon called them 'Las Tortugas', Spanish for 'The Turtles'. His crew is said to have captured over 160 sea turtles for their meat. The islands later came to be called the Dry Tortugas to indicate to other seafarers that the islands have no source of surface fresh water.
History of Dry Tortugas National Park and Fort Jefferson
Dry Tortugas National Park and Fort Jefferson have served many significant purposes and are of historic importance. The islands were acquired by the United States from Spain along with Florida in 1822. In the beginning the Dry Tortugas served as a military base and construction of Fort Jefferson was undertaken in December 1846 to fortify the islands. The Dry Tortugas remained with the Union during the American Civil war. The islands later served as military prison till 1874. Naval base was established on the islands in 1880s and then during World war I. The islands were then a coaling station for coal fueled ships. From 1903 to 1939 the islands were home to the excellently equipped Marine Biology Laboratory. Fort Jefferson was declared as a National Monument in 1935 and then later expanded and established as Dry Tortugas National Park in 1992. Since then the Dry Tortugas and Fort Jefferson have attracted visitors from all over the country.
Dry Tortugas National Park and Fort Jefferson have served many significant purposes and are of historic importance.
Understand the Dry Tortugas
The islands or keys are low and irregular; there are 7 main keys that comprise the Dry Tortugas. The Dry Tortugas Lighthouse is located on Loggerhead Key which is the largest island. The lighthouse was decommissioned in Dec 2015. Fort Jefferson and the decommissioned Garden key lighthouse are on the second largest island, Garden Key. Garden Key is also home to the Visitor Center, Dry Tortugas national Park headquarters and camp sites. All visitors arriving by ferry or seaplane get down on Dry Tortugas National Park at Garden Key. Visitors need their own boat or vessel to visit Loggerhead key and Bush Key. All other keys are closed to public access.
Dry Tortugas National Park map on the cabin walls of Dry Tortugas ferry
What to do in Dry Tortugas National Park?
The Dry Tortugas National Park, with its rich and varied history, has significant cultural and biological importance. Here are the top things to do in Dry Tortugas National Park.
Fort Jefferson is an incomplete, immense military fortification that was undertaken to secure the Dry Tortugas and the United States shipping passages in the Gulf of Mexico.
1. Tour historic Fort Jefferson and understand its structure and significance
Fort Jefferson is an incomplete, immense military fortification that was undertaken to secure the Dry Tortugas and the United States shipping passages in the Gulf of Mexico. Built from more than 16 million bricks, it is one of the largest US forts. The fort construction was left unfinished when Dry Tortugas was abandoned as a military base.
Fort Jefferson has a record 2000 brick arches.
Today Fort Jefferson is a massive three-leveled hexagonal brick structure with a large parade ground and several interesting features. The ferry passengers are offered an hour long guided tour. It is an excellent opportunity to learn more about the 420 heavy guns, 37 powder magazines, 16 traverses, large cannons and casemates or gunrooms that once formed the defense system of the fort. Visitors also have the option of self-guided tours.
Fort Jefferson map
Fort walls with parade grounds
Fort walls
Heavy gun platform
Heavy gun embrasure
2. Hike the moat trail
Hiking the moat wall is a highlight of the Dry Tortugas National Park experience.
Six feet wide, 70 feet long moat was constructed on all sides on Fort Jefferson to act as a barrier and protect the fort from water-based invasions. The moat wall also serves as a breakwater and shields the fort structure from the rough waters of the Gulf. Visitors can go around the Fort by walking on the moat wall. The views from behind the fort are beautiful. By just peering down into the water we could see beautiful fishes swimming in the clear calm waters. Hiking the moat wall was definitely the highlight of our Dry Tortugas visit.
Moat Wall from top of Fort Jefferson
3. Snorkel or scuba dive the coral reef around Dry Tortugas, swim the moat wall or kayak to Loggerhead Key
Dry Tortugas National Park has many water-based activities. Visitors can enjoy swimming, snorkeling, scuba diving, kayaking or paddleboarding, and fishing in the pristine waters of the Dry Tortugas. Snorkelers and divers can experience Dry Tortugas National Park's beautiful relatively undisturbed coral reefs, abundant marine life and historic shipwrecks. The National Park website provides a comlete list of snorkeling and diving sites. Kayakers can access nearby Loggerhead key and Bush Key. Dry Tortugas beaches with white powdery sand and clear blue waters are a delight for swimmers.
Visitors can enjoy swimming, snorkeling, scuba diving, kayaking or paddleboarding, and fishing in the pristine waters of the Dry Tortugas.
4. Picnic by the palm trees and camp under the stars at Dry Tortugas National Park
Camping at Dry Tortugas National Park is the best way to fully experience everything that the Dry Tortugas has to offer. Very few visitors camp on the Dry Tortugas and most campers have the island to themselves. Campers can experience beautiful sunsets, beautiful night-skies and a surreal camping experience in the remote Dry Tortugas.
Dry Tortugas picnic areas and camp sites. Camping in the remote Dry Tortugas is a surreal experience.
5. Bird watch sea birds and migrating land birds on the Great Florida Birding trail
The Dry Tortugas are home to many sea birds colonies including Sooty Terns and Brown Noddy Terns during nesting season. The islands are also frequented by land birds as they migrate between the US and South America and are a part of the Great Florida Birding Trail. Spring is the best time for bird watching.
The Dry Tortugas are home to many sea birds colonies including Sooty Terns and Brown Noddy Terns during nesting season.
Visiting the Dry Tortugas is an amazing experience and I highly recommend it for every visitor to the Florida Keys and Key West.
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Post Tags: Eastern United States , Florida


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Q: Configure JHipster to use local linux sendmail I'm new to JHipster and just trying to set up a dev environment on an AWS instance.
sendmail user@xxxxx.com < mailtest.txt

works from the command line so I know my local sendmail is working.
Looking through the configs in 8080/#/jhi-configuration there is a default spring.mail user of "" (empty string) and a default password. Is there a trick to this I am missing?


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Former NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg gives $1M to Tulsa's Greenwood District
Hatfield, Mycah
TULSA — The Tulsa Greenwood Cultural District is receiving $1 million from the Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg made the announcement at the John Hope Reconciliation Center on Thursday surrounded by local and state leaders.
The goal of the donation is to celebrate the history of Black Wall Street.
"We've got to recognize what happened and face the issues and trying to hide something doesn't make sense at all," Bloomberg said.
More than 200 applications were submitted for the Bloomberg Philanthropies Public Art Challenge.
Nationally renowned artist, Rick Lowe, will work alongside local artists to create eight pieces that will tell the story of the neighborhood.
Bloomberg said he did not know about the Tulsa Race Massacre until very recently. He said he is 76 years old.
"I don't know why it hasn't been divulged and described to the public and part of the history of this country will be teach our kids what happened here," Bloomberg said.
Right now, what the eight pieces of art could look like is up in the air. They could be anything from sculptures to pictures to performances.
"We are going to comb through this community to find what's the special talents that this city has to offer and apply them to the issues that the community tell us they are interested in," Lowe said.
Councilor Vanessa Hall Harper asked that ancestors of those affected by Black Wall Street Massacre are included in decision making.


Keeping your cool as a teacher is something we all have to do. As teachers, we have all had those moments of complete frustration. You already have had a rough day, your students are having difficulty focusing, and you're starting to lose your cool. At these points, it's even more important to remember, stay calm and keep teaching on.
Getting help from your co-teacher is an essential part of teaching ESL. While you are teaching abroad you may have a native speaking co-teacher in your classroom while you teach.
I have no doubt you are the best teacher this school has ever seen. You care about your students. You are creative in the classroom. You know the material as if you had changed its diapers.
But are your students on the same page?


Graphic Credit: Paul Morin The newly created Antarctic Geospatial Information Center will become the primary repository and resource for mapmaking in the U.S. Antarctic Program. This map shows a typical product — a glacier in the Prince Albert Mountains.
A chance meeting between a digital cartography whiz and a geologist in need of a three-dimensional way to represent the McMurdo Dry Valleys has spawned a new map-making and archiving service for the U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP).
The Antarctic Geospatial Information Center (AGIC) will collect and create geospatial information for use by both sides of the USAP house — research and operations. Geospatial mapmaking combines special spatial software and analytical methods with geographic data to create visual representations of geologic features.
AGIC will have the tools to create everything from ordinary two-dimensional maps to stereoscopic maps that use polarized glasses so the topographic detail pops to three-dimensional, interactive models that can expose multiple geologic layers.
"It's basically a full three-dimensional model. It's the geologic version of modeling characters for a Hollywood movie," explained Paul Morin of the latter mapping product that AGIC will produce. Morin, at the University of Minnesota, is the principal investigator (PI) on the project.
"I refer to the Dry Valleys as the apartment building of magma," said Marsh, a geologist at Johns Hopkins University. The analogy refers to that multi-layered plumbing structure on display on some of the walls of the Dry Valleys. Magma eruptions millions of years ago pushed the liquid rock up, forming sills and dikes through the rock above.
The sills are sheet-like bodies of rock parallel to other rock strata, while the dikes are the remnant intrusions of magma across the layers — the elevator punching through to different floors of Marsh's geologic apartment building.
Marsh had been after such a model for years, one that would allow him to do things like run magma through the digital model system to see how the plumbing might have worked. Or input chemical profiles of the rock samples he and colleagues collected, the information becoming part of the interactive model.
Marsh readily accepted Morin's offer of help.
"Before I knew it, we had a team together and were down on the Ice within 18 months," Morin said.
That was during the 2006-07 summer field season in Antarctica. In the process of collecting the rock samples and data the team needed to create Marsh's model, they discovered fundamental gaps in information. For example, no air photo mosaic existed that they could use to drape over digital elevation model of the Dry Valleys.
So not every project will be as data intensive as the one led by Marsh, who returns to the Ice in January to collect additional data and rock samples for his work. Scientists may need basic aerial maps or satellite imagery. Personnel who support the researchers in the field require similar data.
"This center brings both sides of that equation together," Morin said, "hopefully in a way that makes it more efficient, and basically brings the expertise of both sides together.
"We can put together all kinds of products with the tools we have at hand," he added.
The National Science Foundation funded the AGIC with a three-year grant, which also includes two field seasons. The main thrust of those deployments is to collect the data necessary for creating a high-resolution aerial photo mosaic of the Dry Valleys.
Tom Wagner, program manager for the National Science Foundation's Antarctic Earth Sciences Division in the Office of Polar Programs, said the idea for AGIC had been germinating in the science community for a while.
In fact, the center will also serve as a repository for geospatial information, where all sorts of geographic information on Antarctica will be housed on AGIC's nascent Web site (www.agic.umn.edu ), which is just now being developed. Morin said the AGIC archives would include everything from operation maps to field notebooks to maps made by graduate students. Other storehouses of this type of information only archive their own products and don't accept material from outsiders, he noted.
"We basically won't turn anything away," he said.
And there is an outreach angle to the project as well, according to Morin. A textbook author ("Exploring Geology," McGraw Hill) and PI on two education grants with the Science Museum of Minnesota, Morin said the AGIC products would likely appear in future materials for students.
"That's always in the back of my mind: How can we reuse these science and operation products for education," he said.
NSF-funded research in this story: Paul Morin, University of Minnesota; Bruce Marsh, Johns Hopkins University.


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Elon Musk Dogecoin
Elon Musk Is Ready To Acquire 100% Of Twitter Shares As Twitter Stock Soars
In a surprising move, the largest shareholder in Twitter and CEO of Tesla, Elon Musk, revealed that he is open to buying all Twitter shares in cash at the rate of $54.20, as reported by Bloomberg.
Accordingly, the total value of the combined shares that the billionaire is ready to buy is USD 41.3 billion.
Musk added that the latest offer is the best and the final offer he is putting out. Should the offer be rejected, Musk will reconsider his position as a shareholder in the social media giant.
Not surprisingly, the news has sent the social media company's shares up by 13.6%. However, Tesla's stock failed to follow the same pattern as Twitter as it fell 1.4% during the premarket analysis.
Musk's Proposed Changes for Twitter
Following his announcement as the majority shareholder in the social media behemoth, the Tesla boss has proposed sweeping changes that would position the company to another height. Musk also believes that the social media giant should be a private company for the changes.
The billionaire was previously critical of the social media platform for its censorship of individuals' opinions, which led him to assert that Twitter is not democratic enough in its dealings. As a result, by being a shareholder, Musk wants the platform to accommodate diverse opinions, which would position it as a force to reckon with among other social media platforms.
Before buying the shares, the Tesla CEO conducted a poll among his followers to determine how Twitter should be restrategized. An overwhelming majority voted in favor of making changes to it.
Part of the suggested changes proposed by the billionaire is introducing the edit button where users can edit their tweets and the integration of DOGE payment for the Twitter Blue monthly subscription.
Meanwhile, many people were surprised by reports that Musk had purchased a 9% stake in Twitter, making him the largest shareholder. The billionaire was added to the board of directors, which he declined.
Twitter Shareholders Are Unhappy with Musk
In another twist to the happenings on Twitter, other shareholders have already sued the billionaire over his refusal to announce his Twitter stake on time, which caused them to miss the subsequent run-off of the Twitter stock price.
However, his refusal to be part of the board of directors did not go down well with many in the crypto industry, especially the Doge community, who saw his move to Twitter as the next step in promoting the DOGE token.
For emphasis, Musk's decision not to be a part of the decision-making process on Twitter is known only to him, as he did not disclose any further information following his refusal to join the board.
The coming days will determine if the Twitter team will accede to Musk'sMusk's latest demand to sell the whole stocks to him and if he succeeds all is there to gain for both parties.
Related TopicsDoge priceDogecoinElon MuskTwitter
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Chennai: After Infosys techie was arrested for raising bomb scare on Sunday, techie community got another shocking news yesterday. An engineer from Bangalore was arrested in a hacking case by the additional metropolitan magistrate, Egmore, Chennai, reports The Times Of India.
In 1996, the Press Information Bureau (PIB), Chennai, had lodged a complaint with the CBI after it found some misunderstanding cropping up amongst its staff due to an e-mail communication. During the investigation, CBI sleuths found that Arunkumar had logged into the PIB accounts after hacking passwords. He had then made alterations in the computer database pertaining to the users.


Cleethorpes has recently been successful in winning £6.7 million of funding to help the resort strengthen and grow. In addition to a programme of public realm improvements, E-Factor Business is proud to have been charged with providing support to businesses of all types to help them grow individually and to work collaboratively to make our resort a more desirable and prosperous place to live, work and play.
Aside from a number of business events, support is available on a one-to-one basis with our experienced business Advisors, either on your premises or offsite. Meetings are informal but with the express purpose of providing you with a robust action plan for your business goals.
A whole range of topics are being covered in our new Workshops and talks from key industry speakers, designed to improve your skills and develop your workforce. For details see Training and Events menu above.


Why push for a bad bank when NCLT working fine?
Last year, when the Economic Survey made a pitch for a bad bank—Public Sector Asset Rehabilitation Agency (PARA)—the primary reason for doing so was that, with the shadow of the CBI/CVC/CAG over them, PSU banks would not be able to take decisions on haircuts that were vital if non-performing loans were to be sold. Under the Survey's scheme, PSU banks would sell their bad loans to PARA at book value and PARA would sell these after taking the necessary haircuts. PARA would have a 49% Union government equity which would allow it to be free of CBI/CVC/CAG oversight, and perhaps another 10-15% of its equity would be held by an LIC in order to preserve its 'government' character.
There were, even then, some problems with PARA, but it seemed the best option available. So, for instance, if PARA was to take the huge haircuts required, why would any private organisation invest in it—under the plan, sovereign wealth funds were expected to invest in PARA—since the upside potential was limited? Also, if PSU banks, who had run up huge non-performing loans, were to be able to transfer their bad loans to PARA at book value, where was the possibility of disciplining them and ensuring they learned their lesson? Right now, with PSU banks having to make huge provisions for bad loans, they are running up losses and that is what is allowing RBI to restrict their operations under the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework. PARA did not also address the elephant in the room, of there being too many unviable PSU banks, more so with private sector banks eating into their share of both deposits as well as lending.
Things changed dramatically, however, with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) getting operationalised and banks auctioning off bad loans using the National Company Law Tribunals (NCLT). Of the original 12 cases that RBI asked banks to refer to NCLT, some have already been resolved and others are on their way. Contrary to the fears expressed, banks have been enabled to take bold decisions on haircuts since the process is being done in a transparent manner through an open bid—in which case, there is no question of the CBI/CVC/CAG coming after any banker.
Since the entire process is being conducted through the NCLT, which is a legal process, anyone who feels it is unfair or lacks transparency is free to petition the court and even the appellate tribunal if they disagree with the NCLT's verdict. This has ensured that, while in the case of Bhushan Steel, a haircut of 27% was taken by banks, this reached a whopping 60% in the case of Electrosteel Steels. Certainly, the NCLT/IBC process can be improved—so, instead of having single bids which are then compared with one another, for instance, you could have multiple-stage bids of the type used in, say, India's telecom auctions.
Also, the new IBC ordinance further tightens the auction process, to ensure that promoters of firms whose loans are non-performing are not able to wrest back control through various proxies. An additional problem with a bad bank is that it postpones critical decisions. A stressed power sector loan, for instance, becomes viable only after a big haircut—but if the asset is simply moved to a bad bank, there is less of an urgency to sell it off and, to that extent, it will take that much longer for the asset to become viable. A bad bank, at this point, is a bad idea, so it is best to drop it.
You are here : Home Miscellaneous Why push for a bad bank when NCLT working fine?


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Scott Sutton, Ph.D.
http://www.linkedin.com/in/scottvwsutton
This article first appeared in the PMF Newsletter of June, 2006 and is protected by copyright to PMF. It appears here with permission.
We have to note from the outset that USP and FDA frequently are interested in the same thing. From the vantage point of USP, there is a need to have a test for sterility, for antimicrobial efficacy, for Antibiotic/ Vitamin Potency, for Bacterial Endotoxin, for Microbial Limits etc. The need for these tests is not driven by any concern over "Good Manufacturing Process" (GMP). It is governed by the USP monographs found in the National Formulary (NF). If there is a monograph that requires a test for antimicrobial efficacy, then chapter <51> Antimicrobial Effectiveness Test" is the referee test used to demonstrate that characteristic.
FDA has similar, but separate concerns. Where the requirements are identical, the referee chapters in USP (those numbered under <1000>) are enforced. However, there are situations where the FDA's concerns are not covered by a USP referee test method. One such situation is with the CFR requirement that medicines be "free of objectionable microorganisms." 21CFR 211.113 under the section "Control of microbiological contamination. (a)" states "Appropriate written procedures, designed to prevent objectionable microorganisms on drug products not required to be sterile, shall be established and followed." This is reinforced by 21 CFR 211.165 which states "Testing and release for distribution… (b) There shall be appropriate laboratory testing, as necessary, of each batch of drug product required to be free of objectionable microorganisms."
So, here we have a problem. The USP monograph for a product (as provided in the current National Formulary) may require "Absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." There is a test in the Microbial Limits chapter to demonstrate the absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, although this test may be required to demonstrate compliance with the monograph requires as laid out in NF it does not meet the FDA concern that any organism in the final product be acceptable to the product and the target population (i.e. are not "objectionable").
The FDA Concern
FDA will enforce the GMP requirement that if your product approval to market submission contained a statement that you would test the finished product by the Microbial Limits Tests that in fact you must do that. This is purely a GMP concern. However, the Agency has been absolutely clear on the concern over objectionable microorganisms in the product, and that fact that testing to the USP chapter might be necessary, but it is not sufficient to demonstrate microbial quality. In fact, in the 1993 instructional guide for inspections of QC Microbiology Labs (1) the FDA states:
"For a variety of reasons, we have seen a number of problems associated with the microbiological contamination of topical drug products, nasal solutions and inhalation products. The USP Microbiological Attributes Chapter <1111> provides little specific guidance other than "The significance of microorganisms in nonsterile pharmaceutical products should be evaluated in terms of the use of the product, the nature of the product, and the potential hazard to the user." The USP recommends that certain categories be routinely tested for total counts and specified indicator microbial contaminants. For example natural plant, animal and some mineral products for Salmonella, oral liquids for E. Coli [sic], topicals for P. aeruginosa and S. Aureus [sic], and articles intended for rectal, urethral, or vaginal administration for yeasts and molds. A number of specific monographs also include definitive microbial limits.
As a general guide for acceptable levels and types of microbiological contamination in products, Dr. Dunnigan of the Bureau of Medicine of the FDA commented on the health hazard. In 1970, he said that topical preparations contaminated with gram negative organisms are a probable moderate to serious health hazard. Through the literature and through our investigations, it has been shown that a variety of infections have been traced to the gram negative contamination of topical products. The classical example being the Pseudomonas cepacia contamination of Povidone Iodine products reported by a hospital in Massachusetts several years ago.
Therefore, each company is expected to develop microbial specifications for their nonsterile products. Likewise, the USP Microbial Limits Chapter <61> provides methodology for selected indicator organisms, but not all objectionable organisms. For example, it is widely recognized that Pseudomonas cepacia is objectionable if found in a topical product or nasal solution in high numbers; yet, there are no test methods provided in the USP that will enable the identification of the presence of this microorganism.
A relevant example of this problem is the recall of Metaproterenol Sulfate Inhalation Solution. The USP XXII monograph requires no microbial testing for this product. The agency classified this as a Class I recall because the product was contaminated with Pseudomonas gladioli/cepacia. The health hazard evaluation commented that the risk of pulmonary infection is especially serious and potentially life-threatening to patients with chronic obstructive airway disease, cystic fibrosis, and immuno- compromised patients. Additionally, these organisms would not have been identified by testing procedures delineated in the general Microbial Limits section of the Compendia. . . .
Microbiological testing may include an identification of colonies found during the Total Aerobic Plate Count test. Again, the identification should not merely be limited to the USP indicator organisms.
The importance of identifying all isolates from either or both Total Plate Count testing and enrichment testing will depend upon the product and its intended use. Obviously, if an oral solid dosage form such as a tablet is tested, it may be acceptable to identify isolates when testing shows high levels. However, for other products such as topicals, inhalants or nasal solutions where there is a major concern for microbiological contamination, isolates from plate counts, as well as enrichment testing, should be identified."
Why is this a concern? To understand this we have to go back to the 1970's. USP had a test for the "Bacteriological Examination of Gelatin" as early as 1942 (2). However, most non-sterile medications in the US were not required to assay for microbiological quality attributes until the introduction of the Microbial Limits Tests in 1970 (3). In the late 1960's several outbreaks of disease were traced back to pathogen contaminated medications, and this prompted increased attention to the microbial content of non-sterile drugs (4). Later in the 1980's there was a series of articles appearing in the literature describing contamination by P. cepacia (currently Burkholderia cepacia) (5, 6) and its survival in disinfectants(7 – 11). This lead to the addition of requirements in the 21 CFR to ensure that there are not objectionable organisms in product released to market (see above). Add to this the knowledge that the USP "Absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa" assay will not identify presence of B. cepacia (as discussed).
The USP Concern
The USP is on record as early as 1982 verifying that the demonstration of "absence of objectionable microorganisms" is not the intent of the chapter. In a one page Stimuli to the Revision Process the microbiology committee of the time states:
"The tests described in the Microbial Limits Tests <61> were not designed to be all-inclusive, i.e., to detect all potential pathogens. To accomplish this, an extensive text on laboratory detection of microorganisms would be required. The procedures in USP were designed to detect the presence of specific "index" or "indicator" organisms. Nevertheless, the present chapter does not preclude the detection of Ps. Cepacia – the organism requires subsequent differentiation. The chapter does not provide specific methods for this, nor does it provide procedures for detecting thousands of other potentially pathogenic organisms. Individual monographs include requirements for limits on total aerobic counts and/or absence of one or more of the four selected "indicator" organisms. The chapter on Microbial Limits Tests provides methods to assure that one may test for those microbial requirements in the individual monographs…
In conclusion, the Microbial Attributes and Microbial Limit Tests chapters accomplish their intent. If a manufacturer needs particular tests for any specific organisms that are potential problems in a process or a final product, the quality control microbiologist can provide specific detection procedures. Many such procedures are published in several laboratory texts on microbiology."
On the question of the microbial quality of non-sterile pharmaceuticals, the USP and the FDA are in agreement – the product must be safe for use. The NF monograph requirements for absence of specific organisms is a minimal requirement, and should not be taken as proof that the product is suitable for sale from a microbiological perspective.
The manufacturer is responsible for the quality and safety of the product marketed, and it is the clear expectation of FDA (as described in CFR) that this will include a determination of the microbial safety – i.e. the "absence of objectionable microorganisms" from the product. These positions have been publicly stated for decades and should not come as a surprise to anyone. The harmonized microbial limits tests only address the "absence of specified microorganisms" and leave the determination of the "absence of objectionable microorganisms" in the capable hands of each company's appropriately educated and well-trained microbiology group.
http://www.fda.gov/ora/inspect_ref/igs/micro.html
USP. 1942. Bacteriological Examination of Gelatin. USP XII pp. 556-559
USP. 1970. Microbial Limit Tests. USP XVIII p. 846
Price, J. 1984. Establishing Microbiological Specifications for Pharmaceuticals Not Required to Be Sterile. Pharm Mfg Apr:26-29
Kuhn, RJ et al. 1982. Bacterial Contamination of Aerosol Solutions Used To Treat Cystic Fibrosis. Amer J Hosp Pharm. 39:308-309
Carson, LA et al 1973. Morphological, Biochemical and Growth Characteristics of Pseudomonas cepacia from Distilled Water. Appl Microbiol. 25(3):476-483
Geftic, SG et al. 1979. Fourteen-Year Survival of Pseudomonas cepacia In a Salts Solution Preserved with Benzalkonium Chloride. Appl Environ Microbiol. 37(3):505-510
Anderson, RL et al. 1990. Prolonged Survival of a Strain of Pseudomonas cepacia In a Commercially Manufactured Povidone-Iodine. Appl Environ Microbiol. 56:3598
Hugo, WB et al. 1986. Factors Contributing to the Survival of a Strain of Pseudomonas cepacia In Chlorhexidine Solutions. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2:37-42
Borovian, G.E. 1983. Pseudomonas cepacia: Growth In and Adaptability to Increased Preservative Concentrations. J Soc Cosmet Chem. 34:197-203
Richards, R.M.E. et al. 1979. Pseudomonas cepacia Resistance to Antibacterials. J Pharm Sci. 68:1436- 1438
I really like how to determine high risk materials based on "natural v. synthetic," Aw valves, etc. It is hard to communicate to chemists at plant how to decide this. They are looking for more "proof." I will bring this back from the presentation. (Regarding Don Singer's presentation)
Fall Forum 2017


We are looking for someone with a minimum level 1 in Early Childhood Education, must have Certification, to join our toddler/preschool group. The successful candidate must also possess valid Standard First Aid & CPR "C" and a CPIC less than 6 months old.
We are a small childcare centre located in downtown Saskatoon.


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Adult, Child, and Family Counseling
Adult, Child, & Family Counseling
Adult, Child, & Family CounselingAdult, Child, & Family CounselingAdult, Child, & Family Counseling
Adult, Child, & Family Counseling will be closing its office June 30, 2020
Thank you for allowing us to serve this community!
Adult, Child Family Counseling is closing its doors June 30, 2020.
It has been a pleasure serving this community.
Our goal is to create a supportive environment in which our clients can find helpful solutions to deal with the problems they face. We take a Brief Solution-focused approach to client issues, taking into consideration the client's work life, family traditions, cultural and spiritual beliefs.
Counseling Areas
We offer counseling sessions for individuals, couples and families in the following areas:
Anger Management Issues
Marital Counseling
Parent/Child Issues
Sex Abuse Issues
Seminars offered on:
About Our Counselor
We are a privately owned counseling agency with its primary office in Boynton Beach, Florida. We are trained to work with all cultural, racial, and economic backgrounds.
Willie holds a Master's degree in Social Work from the University of Tennessee College of Social Work and is licensed to practice in Tennessee, Mississippi and Arkansas. He has presented regionally, nationally and internationally at conferences on subjects from his areas of expertise. Willie has been married for over 35 years and has two adult children - a son and a daughter. Willie has served as a clinical therapist for over 26 years.
Depression and Anxiety Issues
Copyright © 2018 Adult, Child, and Family Counseling - All Rights Reserved.


Just because you're facing criminal charges doesn't mean you don't deserve exceptional legal defense from an experienced attorney.
Family law cases are intricate situations that need a respected third party to effectively organize the details of divorce and gather a settlement in your favor.
Whether you're forming a new business or disputing a contract, you need an experienced attorney to guide you through the necessary litigation.
A alimony process by its nature is a dramatic change in the client's life, but The Law Offices of Philip Sternberg P.A. has all the resources necessary for you to adjust to this change. Our network of other professionals and services in Matllacha can help you get the most out of your alimony case when represented by us.
Seek legal counsel on matters of alimony cases before the situation fully evolves or escalates into something worse. Sometimes a person in our Matllacha community does not see the handwriting on the wall. In such alimony cases, there are definite advantages to planning ahead and seeking proper alimony advice from The Law Offices of Philip Sternberg P.A..
At The Law Offices of Philip Sternberg P.A., we take pride in our methods of preparing to defend a client in Matllacha. When you trust us with your alimony case, we will work together to develop feasible ways of attaining your goals.


Amazing Ramadhan Kareem Secrets. The month of Ramadan is coming. There is no harm in preparing you for before a full month of fasting.
If you usually hydrate the body by drinking water whenever you feel thirsty, snacking at work time, or filling your stomach during lunch, during Ramadan automatically your body has to adapt. When practicing fasting, the habit should be changed.
Start eating moderately. Do not be too frequent snacks because Ramadan is close and this behavior will only increase appetite. Of course in the end you will be harder to fast.
During Ramadan, you need to get up early to perform the meal – before dawn comes. It's important that you do not miss it. Currently, try breakfast early to help the body adapt to receive food intake at the beginning of time.
Make sure you eat in three main hours, ie morning, noon and night and try to slowly avoid the habit of snacking. During Ramadan, you are only allowed after maghrib until imsak or before dawn.
If you are a coffee lover and do not want to experience headaches in the beginning of Ramadan, start reducing your daily coffee intake from now on.
Smokers who start fasting without preparation will experience various symptoms, such as sensitive, angry, impatient and difficult to concentrate. To reduce this problem, reduce cigarette slowly especially during the day.
One way that you can do to prepare yourself before the fasting Ramadan is to practice fasting sunna. Try Monday-Thursday fasting to help the body adapt.
If you usually sleep late and wake up too late, change this habit. Because during Ramadan, you need to get up early for the meal. As an alternative, try to take the time to take a nap for a few minutes.
Preparing the dawn menu and breaking the fast before Ramadan arrives will make it easier, especially in the early weeks of Ramadan. Try to make a list of the menu every week, including the necessary ingredients.


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By +Pavilion,
July 3, 2012 in Generalitati
+Pavilion
Several new device manufacturers and mobile carriers have lined up to support Mozilla's mobile operating system. The software platform, which is based on Mozilla's Boot2Gecko (B2G) project, will be called Firefox OS when it launches on handsets next year.
Mozilla began working on the B2G project last year, aiming to offer a truly open alternative to existing mobile operating systems. The B2G application stack and runtime environment are built around standards-based Web technologies instead of platform-specific development tools and frameworks.
Alongside B2G, Mozilla is also working on a complementary effort to extend Web standards with capabilities that are needed by mobile applications, such as APIs for power management and telephony. Mozilla hopes to ensure that the open Web will provide a rich platform for application development that is competitive with the native stacks supplied by rival platforms.
Telefónica became the first network operator to adopt the platform when it announced a partnership with Mozilla earlier this year. Mozilla announced several new partners today, including Deutsche Telekom, Sprint, Telecom Italia, and Telenor.
Hardware manufacturers TCL and ZTE have committed to building the first Firefox OS devices, which will use a Qualcomm Snapdragon SoC. The very first Firefox OS phone will be available to consumers in Brazil next year through Telefónica's Vivo brand.
Ars met with Mozilla evangelist Christian Heilmann on Friday to discuss the status of the Boot2Gecko project. He explained that the platform is built to run on entry-level devices, primarily for the developing world. The idea is to give feature phone users an affordable new device that will offer a more complete Web experience.
Heilmann insists that B2G is not intended to compete with contemporary smartphone platforms such as Android and iOS. It's worth noting, however, that Android has a growing presence in developing markets and is rapidly scaling down to work on feature phones.
During the opening keynote at Google I/O last week, the search giant touted Android's massive growth in India, Thailand, and Brazil. It seems like Android and Firefox OS are eventually going to be rivals in those markets. The truly open and inclusive nature of B2G development could help make it attractive to carriers and handset manufacturers.
Unlike Android, Mozilla's mobile operating system has been developed in the open since it was first announced. The code is published in a public repository as it is written, so there are no privileged parties who have more access or control than others. Mozilla's platform also has a low barrier to entry for participation, making it more inclusive to independent contributors.
Heilmann said that the lightweight architecture of B2G makes it an ideal choice for affordable devices with lower hardware specifications than conventional smartphones. The idea that a Web-based technology stack could be less resource intensive than a platform largely built around native code may seem counterintuitive, but it works in practice.
Firefox OS is a much thinner platform, consisting of Mozilla's Gecko HTML rendering engine, a Linux kernel, and a few background services. It doesn't have all of the complex mobile middleware layers that are usually found in mobile operating systems. It is heavily optimized and relies on hardware-accelerated rendering to deliver good performance without heavy resource consumption.
Firefox users are accustomed to seeing the browser grow to consume multiple gigabytes of memory on the desktop during intensive browsing sessions, but the rendering engine can operate efficiently with much less. According to Mozilla, the B2G platform can run acceptably well in an environment with as little as 256MB of RAM.
We asked Heilmann several questions about the platform's capabilities. Third-party applications will be built largely with HTML and JavaScript, using open standards and the new Web APIs that Mozilla is working to turn into standards. Users will be able to install applications from Mozilla's application marketplace and run them offline when connectivity isn't available.
Although modern Web standards provide a lot of rich functionality for building interactive experiences, there are still some limitations and areas where the Web's native security model will pose challenges. The lack of support for conventional TCP sockets, for example, could make it difficult to build a traditional offline IMAP e-mail client for B2G.
The platform will not come with a mail client when it ships on devices later next year, though users will be able to load various webmail services in a device's Web browser. According to Heilmann, market research in Brazil has shown that text messaging (which is fully supported on the B2G platform thanks to new JavaScript APIs) is much more important than e-mail to Mozilla's target audience in the region.
Firefox OS is obviously a very different critter than Android and iOS, but the growing amount of enthusiasm from mobile carriers suggests that the platform may have what it takes to succeed in the developing world.
Update: the article originally erroneously indicated that Firefox OS would ship later this year, but it was updated to reflect the expected 2013 launch date.
source: arstechnica.com
sectiune de engleza nu presupune sa copiezi chiar TOT ARTICOLU !!! sa mor io, macar fai un rezumat.
Anyway, 256MB ca sa rulezi un browser? Mi se pare o tampenie faptul ca se mandresc cu asta..
ah, ca sa fiu ontopic..
Firefox OS is obviously a very different critter than Android and iOS
o fi diferit de alea, dar e.. identic (?) cu ChromeOS..
App, android nu e tot java? ca vad ca zic ca asta va folosi mult java..
Dan O.
Cred ca ideea era sa se si discute in engleza, eu la asta m-am gandit initial. Dar e ok si asa..
Firefox OS, Chrome OS, iOS, Android, Mac, cate si mai cate or sa iasa ?


text:
using System;

namespace PhysX.Samples.CollisionDisabledSample
{
	public class CollisionDisabledFilterShader : SimulationFilterShader
	{
		public override FilterResult Filter(int attributes0, FilterData filterData0, int attributes1, FilterData filterData1)
		{
			return new FilterResult
			{
				// Set FilterFlag to Callback to enable CollisionDisabledSimulationFilterCallback to be used
				FilterFlag = FilterFlag.Callback,
				PairFlags = PairFlag.ContactDefault
			};
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Optimize your vehicular storage situation – whether it's a family vacation, camping trip, or just a day trip to the local trails, a car rack will free up space in your vehicle for more passengers or more cargo, and prevent damage to your bike or vehicle interior.
We've chosen to promote Saris racks for their commitment to the cycling community – Their racks are Made in USA and the quality is second to none. For some special purpose applications such as roof mounted bike, winter sport and cargo applications, we ofer racks and accessories from other brands as well.


text:
My TLS
Big SIS
My TLS Page
From the Head of School
Accreditation, Affiliations, and Awards
Employment at TLS
Trinity's Virtual Book Fair
Resources and Electives
Chapel and Acolyte Corps
Annual Fund Sponsors
The Lion's Share Breakfast
Derby de Mayo
Celebrating Trinity's 60 Years… Reflections from a Head of School
Posted on February 24, 2020 February 24, 2020 by mcrone@trinitynn.com
By Lynne Fritzinger
For me, Trinity has always been a place where children are inspired to learn and thrive as individuals; it is a place filled with young people who care about each other and who work together to make the world a better place. Trinity has proven its worth and weathered the test of time. It has flourished because of its recognition of the needs of the world and a commitment to fill those needs. This was first seen in the 1960's when there was a need for kindergarten opportunities, and again in the 1970's when there was a need for a middle school environment. It continues to be seen now as young people need a compass on values, a place to prepare for the 21st Century, and an understanding of their role as world leaders.
I know no better place for young people to learn than Trinity Lutheran School. I am grateful for my 10 years as Head of School and that my grandson now a student at this thriving institution. During my time at Trinity, we accomplished so many great things! Looking back, here are a few of our accomplishments:
In 2011, Trinity became the only private school in Virginia to bear the distinction of being an authorized International Baccalaureate World School. Our journey added life into how we viewed young people and what they needed to succeed in the 21st Century. I loved opportunities to connect with other schools during IB Conferences and our own staff to implement this program. By participating in IB, we continued Trinity's mission to teach the whole child.
Also in 2011, Trinity competed with other elementary, middle and high schools in Virginia and North Carolina to create a video for Harris Teeter's jingle, and we won the $10,000 Grand Prize! Thanks to Google, that video can still be seen. When I look back at the students who performed and the talent of music teacher Mrs. Lois Reese I can't help but feel enormous pride. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMyLyvlxRjQ
In 2013, Trinity Lutheran School forged another pathway to greatness through accreditation with AdvancED/Cognia, the world's largest educational network encompassing 27,000 public and private schools throughout the United States and 69 countries worldwide. AdvancED/Cognia remains the most comprehensive accrediting institution for schools worldwide to this day.
Other memorable events that left lasting impressions and made Trinity a special place to be were the Charity games, Lessons and Carols, spelling bees, and even the infamous taping of the Head of School to the gym wall. They represent the people, mission, and climate of this very special school.
As my time at Trinity came to an end in 2015, our school was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence. This distinguished award highlighted Trinity as an exemplary, high-performing school with student achievement in the top 15% nationwide in both math and reading.
Trinity also embarked on innovative ways to learn based on compelling research and a commitment to unleash the potential in every student here. Some of my favorites are still in use today, including the SuperKids Reading Program and Singapore Math.
I'm proud of all that was accomplished over the years while I served as Trinity's Head of School. It felt like we continued the vision started so long ago by Reverend and Mrs. Bosserman.
One of my favorite books is "The Purpose-Driven Life" by Rick Warren; I kept a copy on my desk at Trinity. When I think about my time there, I am reminded of a quote that illustrates the difference Trinity Lutheran School has made for so many over the years.
"There are three things you can do with your life: You can waste it, you can spend it, or you can invest it. The best use of your life is to invest it in something that will last longer than your time on Earth."
Trinity has done just that for me, and for generations of young people who pass through its doors.
Lynne Fritzinger served as Trinity's Head of School from 2005 to 2015, and is a proud Trinity grandparent.
Posted in Community Perspectives
Celebrating 60 years of Trinity… Head of School Reflections
Posted on February 3, 2020 by mcrone@trinitynn.com
I was at Trinity Lutheran School from 1975 to 2000. I began as a classroom teacher and completed my tenure as Head of School.
Trinity is memorable for me not because it is a beautiful structure, but for the people who chose to worship and work there each day. I have no connection with the very early years of the school, but I do know that many members of the congregation contributed their time and energy preparing snacks and lunches, driving children to school and doing whatever was necessary in those early days. When I came in 1975, Mrs. Bosserman was still very much involved in the work of the school. Tom Bosserman and Pastor B. shared the administrative/pastoral duties of the congregation. They alternated conducting chapel for the school once a week. The teachers preferred to have Tom conduct chapel since the children came back to the classroom quiet and ready to begin the day. Pastor B. had a knack for winding them up, but one of my favorite memories connected with those chapels was when Pastor B. conducted the service he would have the children leave the chapel singing Let there be Peace on Earth. It was a much smaller building in those days and the sound of children's voices echoing through the halls remains with me to this day.
Mrs. B. was very particular about the dress and conduct of the teaching staff and reminded them that their conduct beyond the school reflected on the school, and she expected that it would be exemplary. Money was tight. Many of the teachers spent a significant portion of their pay for materials for their classrooms while in the kindergarten and extended day classrooms, paper towels were cut in half to make them go further. Teachers and staff were motivated by their love of children and the community of the school. Until the day, I retired, I never came to school barelegged during the time the school was in session. Hose and no clothing that cupped below your buttocks were the order of the day even in the era of pant suits.
Each successive Head of School brought their own personality and interests to the make up of the school Peggy Smith who worked along with Mrs. B. was very much interested in the counseling aspect of teaching and Dan Landis was what my granddaughters would call a "fun date". He helped to set up the middle school, hired Sandy Butler and encouraged sports teams and retreats for the middle school at Jamestown. Our enrollment blossomed during his tenure.
For me it is always about the people who were there. Members of the congregation like Louise Mozingo, Jeanette Thomas, and Cathie Wall gave uncounted hours and years to the work of the school. Those early teachers worked for salaries that I would be embarrassed to quote because they loved the school and the work they did with children. The number of those who contributed their teaching skills to make the school strong were too numerous to list. They, along with support personnel like Mrs. Waggner, Sandy Hampton and Teresa Carr all of whom worked to prepare lunches, helped to create an environment in which children knew they were valued and loved. Even Jim Smith , the custodian, watched out for their interests.
When I became the Head of School, Dan had made notes for me on a variety of topics. My experience with the Parents' Association was not that they were a wonderful asset to the school. Many of them became allies and friends that I hold dear. I hope their value continues to be recognized.
When I resigned from the school, I thanked the Board for allowing me to do what I loved in a place that I loved and had enjoyed doing it. I could write a book full of stories about the people (students, staff, and teachers.) The twenty-six years I spent at Trinity enriched my life and I will be forever grateful for my time there and the friends and memories I made.
by Claudette H. Taylor
Claudette Taylor served as Trinity's Head of School from 1983 to 2000.
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6812 River Road | Newport News, VA 23607 | (757)245-2576


text:
Shelley Wellons Moore Capito (nascida em 26 de novembro de 1953) é uma política e servidora pública e senadora dos Estados Unidos pela Virgínia Ocidental e membro do Partido Republicano.

Ligações externas
United States Senator Shelley Moore Capito site oficial no Senado dos Estados Unidos
Shelley Moore Capito site oficial de campanha

Políticos da Virgínia Ocidental
Senadores dos Estados Unidos pela Virgínia Ocidental
Membros da Câmara dos Representantes dos Estados Unidos
Membros do Partido Republicano (Estados Unidos)
Mulheres dos Estados Unidos na política

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


When the market is taking place taxis will drop off by the Crown/Lloyds Bank and pick up by the Millennium Clock.
The Lagoon in 2009 following a burst pipe.
The earliest date recorded for the market is 1181 in the reign of King Henry II.
therefore indicates that it could have existed considerably earlier.
of Henry De Essex, part of the Honor of Rayleigh.
On 18th February 1227 King Henry III granted Hubert de Burgh (Earl of Kent) and his wife Margaret unspecified markets at 3 manors, including Rayleigh.. This was reconfirmed by Henry III on 28th November 1228.
by the market at Prittlewell.
of a specific royal grant, usually embodied in a charter or by prescriptive right based on an immemorial custom'.


An American photographer known for his deadpan images of banal scenes and objects in the United States. Pioneered the use of color in photography. Second living photographer to have a solo exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. 1982 book "Uncommon Places" was very influential in proving that a color photograph could be considered a work of art.
Determining the Nature of Photographs • A photograph is a result of a mechanical process. All photographs have this in common. • Shore set out to define the qualities that make a photograph a photograph . • These qualities form a visual grammar that makes clearer the meaning of the photograph.
Question how different the photograph might be from the actual scene. .Look at a photograph.
Levels to View a Photograph Shore states that a photograph can be viewed on three levels: • • • The Physical Level The Depictive Level The Mental Level .
The Physical Level • In general. ink. or dyes Has hard edges & does not move Film or digital settings at capture Chemicals used to process / digital processing Type of paper photo is printed on . saturation • • • • • Light sensitive emulsion. a photographic print is on paper • The materials used determine the texture. hue. tonal range.
Physical Level • Flatness of the paper is the plane • The edges of the paper are the "boundedness" • The base is the texture of the print .
high gloss .Chemical Level • The type of emulsion or paper/inks determine the tonal range. warm-toned fiber based papers Printing a digital image on watercolor paper vs. hue and saturation of the photograph • • Printing a monochrome image on cool vs.
'" .. bought or sold.Photograph as a Physical Object "The photograph is an independent object in the world.the meanings a viewer draws from it.. The context the viewer sees the photograph will affect '. it can be stored and displayed in a range of ways.
The Depictive Level • When the world is captured by the process of photography. it is changed in four ways: Flatness Frame Time Focus • • • • .
Frame.The Depictive Level • • Flatness. Time and Focus define the photograph's depictive content and structure A photographer can use this to express their perceptions and meanings .
a photograph is 2-dimensional • • Photographs create the illusion of a 3-D space with a monocular view By flattening the space that is photographed.Depictive Level: Flatness • The world is 3-dimensional. a photographer creates relationships between subjects that did not exist previously .
The photographer starts with the clutter of the world and must simplify it." .Stephen Shore "The artist starts with a blank page and must fill it.
Depictive Level: Frame • Unlike the world. whether real or imagined . and what is not) is a decision This creates relationships between what is included. a photograph has flat edges • The photographer's framing of an image • (choosing what is included.
implying that the photograph is a selfcontained world . implying a world extending beyond the edges of the frame An Active Frame The structure starts with the frame and extends inward.Depictive Level: Frame A Passive Frame • • The photograph starts within the frame and works outward.
Dali Atomicus by Phillipe Halsman .
Depictive Level: Time • Photographs are static. or accumulation of movement Long exposures may also reveal "still time." not revealing motion although it is an extended length of time . thus creating a new interpretation of that movement • Longer exposures reveal movement (unlike • how we actually see) freezing it as a motion blur. unlike life • Photographs can capture a moment in time that exists for a fraction of a second.
Dallas 1964 . Texas State Fair.Garry Winogrand.
Depictive Level: Focus • The focus creates an order of importance within a photograph • The only way to eliminate the impact of focus is to photograph the subject on a plane parallel to the film/imaging sensor • This separates the subject from other content .
P. During the Reed Harvest .H. Emerson.
Robert Adams .Outdoor Theater and Cheyenne Mountain.
we refocus our eyes on a mental level.The Mental Level • We construct mental images from the light that enters our brain • When we view a photograph. not optical • The Mental Level is essentially the process of the viewer's interpretation of an image • This is dependent on the Depictive elements and how they are utilized in the photograph .
Walker Evans. Gas Station Reedsville. West Virginia .
Sao Paolo (1960) .Rene Burri. Men on a Rooftop.
a photographer that only recognizes sunsets as being worthy of photographing • Mental models can also be changing .Mental Modeling • Photographers base their photographs on mental models they have in their mind • Ex.
as your awareness is shifting and your mental model is metamorphosing. which are only ink on paper. And all the while. And all the while." . of yourself sitting in your chair. you are reading this book. right now. you continue to read and to contemplate the nature of photographs. seeing these words – these words. the ink depicting a series of funny little symbols whose meaning is conveyed on the mental level.Mental Modeling "Earlier I suggested that you become aware of the space between you and the page in this book. as your framework of understanding shifts. To this you can add an awareness of the sounds in your room. That caused an alteration of your mental model. You can add to this awareness by being mindful. its back pressing against your spine.
Mental Modeling • When you are photographing. your perceptions are fed into your own particular mental model perceptions inform your photographic decisions original perceptions • Your mental model's interpretation of these • These interpretations then alter your • This is an ongoing. self-modifying process .
your mental modeling .Summary Shore states that a photograph can be viewed on three levels: • • • The Physical Level .flatness. time. focus The Mental Level .the boundary of the print The Depictive Level . frame.
Documents Similar To Nature of Photographs.


One of my favorite things about books is not just reading them but holding them. Especially old books. I love the feel of a book in my hand that many people have read before me. There's that musty bookish smell when you flip through the pages. There's the worn out covers and notes in the margins.
When you read a book like this you feel like you are walking a well-worn path that many others have trod before.
And it is precisely this sort of experience that is absent with the arrival of modern e-book technology. Whether we are reading on a Kindle reader or off our tablets (or smartphones), the book has ceased to be a physical object and has become a nebulous, bodiless text.
To be clear, I am not saying this new technology is wrong. But I am saying there is something missing with it. Especially when it comes to the Bible. We forget that the Bible was a physical object. It is an artifact with a physical/archaeological history.
And when we remember the physical history of the Bible–particularly through the manuscripts left behind–we can learn much about its origins and how it was put together. These manuscripts can be a "window" into the development of the biblical canon.
It is theme that will be the focus of my upcoming lecture, "The Artifacts of Canon: Manuscripts as a Window into the Development of the New Testament." This will be part of the Tarwater Lecture series at Queens University–a series designed to explore the intersection between faith and the sciences.
The lecture will be 5PM, Monday Oct 2nd, at the Duke Energy Auditorium in Rogers Hall, on the campus of Queens University. You can learn more about it and register here. There's limited seating so I encourage you to register as soon as possible.
Thank you for your eloquent comments about physical books and the difference with e-books. You've captured my sentiment exactly.
Third paragraph in, you repeat the word "with".
Downloaded the mp3. Wrapping up Canon Revisited, and ready to start Crossroads.