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Angolans head to polls to vote in general election
Angola's President and leader of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) ruling party Joao Lourenco casts his vote in a general election in the capital Luanda, Angola.
Angolans voted on Wednesday in a tight race in which the main opposition coalition has its best-ever chance of victory, as millions of youth left out of its oil-fuelled booms are expected to express frustration with nearly five decades of MPLA rule.
The ruling party remains favourite, though the margin is narrow enough for a surprise UNITA victory, which could shift relations with global superpowers – with possibly less friendly ties with Russia.
Since independence from Portugal in 1975, Angola has been run by the formerly Marxist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led since 2017 by President Joao Lourenco.
But an Afrobarometer survey in May showed the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola's (UNITA) opposition coalition, led by Adalberto Costa Junior, increasing its share to 22%, from 13% in 2019.
That's still seven points behind the MPLA, but nearly half of voters were undecided. Many youths – under 25s make up 60% of the country – are voting for the first time.
"I hope this election brings a bit of change because the country is not good as it is," Goncalo Junior Maneco, a 25-year-old electrician, said as he waited to vote at a polling station in the Lusiada University in the capital Luanda.
President Lourenco, who is seeking re-election, voted at the same polling station surrounded by heavy security.
"We have just exercised our right to vote. It's fast and simple. We advise all eligible citizens to do the same. In the end, we will all win, democracy wins and Angola wins," Lourenco told reporters.
In a tense run-up to the vote for both president and parliament, UNITA urged voters to stay near polling stations after voting to reduce the risk of fraud.
Opposition leader Costa Junior was forced to vote at a polling station different from the one where he was supposed to, because of problems with registration.
"The process is proceeding in an orderly and peaceful manner. The general atmosphere is calm and there are no records of any disturbances that could jeopardise the process," a spokesperson for the National Electoral Commission told reporters on Wednesday morning.
Tweaked vote-counting rules may delay official results by days, analysts say, raising tensions which some fear may boil over into violence.
"I hope it (the election) takes place in a peaceful and tranquil environment," said Adriano Francisco, 49, as he queued to vote.
Fearing fraud, which marred past elections, an activist monitoring group, Mudei Movement, is planning to take pictures of results sheets at as many polling stations as possible, coordinator Luaty Beirao said on Tuesday.
"The (movement) would have no reason to exist if the process was transparent and there was no reason to doubt the institutions that organise it," he said.
A UNITA victory could weaken decades of close ties with Moscow, for whom the MPLA was a cold war proxy during Angola's 27-year civil war ending in 2002, while UNITA was U.S.-backed.
UNITA condemned "the invasion of Ukraine by Russia", Costa Junior said on Twitter. He also travelled to Brussels and Washington to build ties with Western partners before elections.
Russia's ambassador to Angola, Vladimir Tararov, was quoted in Angolan press in March as praising the country for its neutrality while lambasting UNITA for wanting to show it "stands with the West, the so-called civilised countries".
Lourenco has also opened up to the West since his election in 2017, but in March Angola abstained from supporting a United Nations resolution which condemned Russia's war in Ukraine.
"It is highly possible that a UNITA win would mean a distancing of Angola from Russia," Charles Ray, head of the Africa Programme at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, said, but only if it can consolidate power over a pro-Russian military first.
Lourenco has tried to improve relations with Washington, and just before the elections applied to join a trade agreement with the European Union and southern African states, which has been in force since 2016. Talks start in months.
August 24, 2022 SledgeAfrica, Global, PoliticsAdalberto Costa Junior, Adriano Francisco, Angola elections, Charles Ray, Goncalo Junior Maneco, Joao Lourenco, Luaty Beirao, Mudei Movement, National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, Vladimir Tararov
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There's been plenty of debate over Vancouver pre sales condos being flogged overseas before most local buyers can get their foot in the door. While there's still no official data, evidence is mounting of offshore investment in pre sale condos.
While locals might eventually end up as the end consumer, the question becomes how many will be left empty and what is the impact on prices when flipped (assigned) shortly after. A recent development from WestBank called Kensington Gardens highlights this growing trend of assignments.
Facebook advertisement from Westbank business page.
Currently there are 65 assignments (some sold, some still active) of the total 404 total units in the development. That equates to 16% of the building being flipped before completion which is still one year away. I would expect the number of assignments to continue growing as the building nears completion, particularly if foreign buyers want to avoid the 15% foreign buyers tax upon closing.
With the developer charging a 1.5% fee on each assignment it's a lucrative deal for both sides.
With pre sale prices now hitting $1500/ foot in projects like Joyce the debate wages on if new supply is helping with affordability and who these projects might be selling to.
The counter argument is foreign buyers are helping fund new supply, as most developments require 70% of the building to be 'pre sold' in order to qualify for Canadian financing- thus a quick sale overseas makes life easy. Not to mention foreign buyers assume all the risk involved with pre sales.
Then again, with Vancouver experiencing a full blown housing crisis, coupled with a pent up frenzy of local demand, one could argue there should be more regulation or government incentives to ensure projects are sold locally while discouraging speculation in new condo developments.


Aaron Black has defended hundreds of individuals facing a wide range of criminal charges in Scottsdale, Arizona - including Open Container. An Open Container charge is a class 1 misdemeanor and a person could be facing up to 6 months in jail. He understands that facing charges can be complicated and confusing for clients, and works tirelessly to provide personalized, expert legal defense services.
Widely recognized as a premier defense attorney, many of Aaron Black's defense cases result in dismissals, not guilty verdicts, no jail time, or substantially reduced charges. If you have been charged with Open Container in the Scottsdale Municipal Court call Aaron today. You need to be ready to fight the case. On 1/4/16 Aaron secured a not guilty verdict for his client facing Open Container charges in Scottsdale.
To learn more about Scottsdale criminal defense attorney Aaron Black, click here to contact him today!


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1. Prevents Free Radical Damage: Pineapples are a rich source of antioxidants. They fight against free radicals in the body, preventing cell damage. These antioxidants help protect you from diseases like atherosclerosis, heart diseases, arthritis, various cancers etc.
2. Thwarts Off Cold: Pineapples are abundant in vitamin C and bromelain, which fight against microbial infections. Eating pineapples with the prescribed medicines can help cure cold and cough effectively.
3. Strong Bones: Rich amount of manganese present in pineapples helps in strengthening bones and connective tissues. A cup of pineapple juice gives you roughly 73% of the required manganese for a day.
4. Healthy Gums: Eating pineapple benefits in strengthening your gums, keeping your teeth healthy and strong.
5. Macular Degeneration: Macular degeneration is a condition in which adults lose their vision, making difficult for them to read and recognize things properly. Beta-carotene present in pineapples empowers vision and should be consumed regularly for eye health.
6. Anti-inflammatory Action: Pineapple fruit is very much known for its anti-inflammatory properties which prevent inflammation in arthritis patients and gives strength to the bones.
7. Cures Sinusitis, Sore Throat, Gout, Swellings: Pineapples are a great source of bromelain which help prevent sinusitis. Pineapples are also effective in curing sore throat, gout and swellings.
8. Anti-cancer Properties: The abundance of antioxidants in pineapples helps fight against free radicals. This halts the process of cell damage, preventing several types of cancers.
9. Atherosclerosis: Free radicals cause atherosclerosis which can be easily prevented by antioxidants in pineapples.
10. Heart Health: Powerful antioxidants keep free radicals away and lower the cholesterol levels, preventing heart diseases. Include other heart healthy foods too for a healthy heart.
11. Immunity: Vitamin C in pineapple boosts your immune system due to its strong antioxidant effect. Here is another excellent post to know more about vitamin C rich foods.
12. Digestion: Bromelain, vitamin C and dietary fiber are abundantly present in pineapples which promote digestion.
13. Bronchitis: Pineapple is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It helps in reducing inflammation in bronchial tubes which generally arises due to bronchitis.
14. Catarrh: It is a disorder of inflammation of the mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body. This disorder can be prevented by eating pineapples regularly.
15. Prevents Hypertension: If you're suffering from high blood pressure and trying to prevent it, you might want to consider the pineapple diet for hypertension. Higher amounts of potassium and lower amounts of sodium in pineapples help maintain normal blood pressure levels.
16. Treats Intestinal Worms: Pineapple contains the digestive enzyme bromelain. A diet rich in pineapple helps clear certain intestinal parasites such as tapeworms.
Crushed Pineapple, Cayenne pepper Lemon & Lime Juice Honey Salt, Cane Juice , Carrot Juice, Shallots, Garlic Pulp, & Onions.


Naturavita - Do the best things happen accidenTEAly?
Do the best things happen accidenTEAly?
Yes, there is a whole multitude of myths and legends about the emergence of this divine drink which is often associated with ancient concepts of spirituality and philosophy. One of the stories leads us to far-off China, where tea is believed to have been discovered quite by accident back in 2737 BCE. The legend says that Emperor Shen Nong, a very skilled ruler and scientist, was boiling water in his garden, and a few leaflets drifted suddenly into his pot. When he drank a few sips of water from the pot, the Emperor was so thrilled that he was seized with the urge to thoroughly investigate the plant. During his research, Shen Nong discovered, in addition to its enchanting taste, some of the numerous medicinal properties of tea.
A story that further supports the hypothesis in the title dates back to something more recent, to 1908, when the story of the invention of tea bags emerged. The main character is Thomas Sullivan, a New York tea and coffee merchant who sent his tea samples to customers in small metal cans. Having concluded that tea could be more cheaply sent in cloth bags, and believing that the samplers would pour the samples into hot water, he was not even aware that he had invented something without which we cannot imagine drinking tea today. The customers dipped the entire bags into hot water, and Thomas soon began to receive an enormous number of orders, so he began to pack his tea into more practical gauze bags.
Do you have a story about tea history?


Washington D.C. ranks atop a newly released National Urban League Policy Institute study that lists the top metropolitan areas for Black-owned businesses.
Los Angeles and Chicago came in at number two and three respectively when it comes to cities best suited for Black business.
"We found that cities with strong diversity supplier policies and which allow easy access to business-to-business and government contracts were the best environments for black-owned businesses," Marc H. Morial, president and CEO of the National Urban League, said in a prepared statement.
Black Business	, Washington D.C.


John Houck, whose photographs toy with how space is perceived in reproductions and how images are constructed, is now represented by Jessica Silverman Gallery in San Francisco.
Over the past decade, Houck has been at the forefront of artists experimenting with the visual language of photography, using analog and digital means to build pictures—from richly patterned abstractions to deadpan representational shots to pieces with an almost painterly touch—that harbor trompe l'oeil effects and other secrets that sometimes elude a first glance.
Houck, who is 41 this year, has work in the collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, among other places.
He appeared in the 2015 edition of MoMA's annual "New Photography" show and next month he'll be in the Hammer Museum's "Made in L.A." biennial in Los Angeles. Along with Silverman, he is represented by Marianne Boesky Gallery, which has galleries in New York and Aspen, Colorado.


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Stronger Than Death is a 1915 American silent drama film directed by Joe De Grasse, written by Bess Meredyth,  and featuring Lon Chaney and Arthur Shirley. The film is notable for featuring two expatriate Australian actors together in the cast, Louise Lovely and Arthur Shirley. This was Louise Lovely's first American film - indeed it was the first time the actor, whose real name was Louise Carbasse, was credited as "Louise Lovely". The stage name was given to her by Carl Laemmle. Chaney had a relatively small role in this film as the attorney.

The film is now considered to be lost.

Plot
June Lathrop, a pretty young orphan under the guardianship of Rupert Spaulding, meets John Henshaw, a young surgeon, and the two fall in love. June learns that Rupert Spaulding used to love her mother when she was a young girl, but he never proposed and so he lost her to another man. Now he is in love with June, and out of gratitude for raising her, she consents to marry him.

Spaulding dies shortly after their marriage, and on his death bed, he extracts a written promise from June that she will never get married again. Upon learning of Mr. Spaulding's death, Henshaw proposes marriage to June, but she tells him that she promised in writing that she would never marry again. Spaulding's spirit haunts June and she begins to sleepwalk. One night she falls off the balcony while walking in her sleep and suffers a serious brain injury. Henshaw, now a celebrated surgeon, is called to perform the delicate operation needed to save her life.

While under anesthesia, June's spirit meets the ghost of her dead husband, who tells her that he has witnessed her suffering and wishes to release her from her promise. Their spirits go down to the vault where her written promise is kept and together they burn the document. June later recovers from the operation and does not know whether or not it was all a dream. She orders the lawyer (Lon Chaney) to produce her dead husband's documents, and there on the top of his personal papers are the ashes of what once was her written agreement, burned to a cinder. June is now free to marry the man she really loves.

Cast
 Louise Lovely as June Lathrop (credited as Louise Carbasse)
 Millard K. Wilson as Rupert Spaulding
 Arthur Shirley as John Henshaw, the surgeon
 Lon Chaney as Attorney

Reception
"For this sort of story, which is not without a grewsome (sic) touch for certain observers, this is very well done." --- Moving Picture World

"This drama is based on a strong theme, but as produced with a great number of fantastical, visionary scenes, is rather confusing at times....Withal it will please, though the visionary scenes might possibly be made clearer." ---- Motion Picture News

References

External links

1915 films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
1915 drama films
Lost American films
Films directed by Joseph De Grasse
Universal Pictures short films
1915 short films
Silent American drama films
Films with screenplays by Bess Meredyth
1915 lost films
Lost drama films
1910s American films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Golden Duke Band
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


thanks for the speedy and insightful reply.
>> should they be sent to gem-dev?
> gem-dev is rather for development-issues and in-depth-questions.
> (they don't go together very well).
> matches the state of the [gemhead].
>> actually going and changing all of my images to the same size?
> but yes, [pix_resize] will probably be fixed.


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Beatrice of Provence
Queen of sicily
Birth 1231
Death September 23, 1267 (Nocera Inferiore, Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy)
Mother: Beatrice of Savoy
Father: Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
Siblings: Eleanor of ProvenceMargaret of ProvenceSanchia of Provence
Spouse: Charles I of Naples
Children: Beatrice of Sicily, Latin EmpressCharles II of NaplesElizabeth of Sicily, Queen of HungaryBlanche of AnjouPhilip of Sicily
Beatrice of Provence (c. 1229 – 23 September 1267), was ruling Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1245 until her death, as well as Countess of Anjou and Maine, Queen of Sicily and Naples by marriage to Charles I of Naples.
She was the fourth and youngest daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence and Forcalquier by his wife Beatrice, in turn daughter of Count Thomas I of Savoy and Margaret of Geneva.
Inheritance of Provence and Forcalquier
Beatrice, like her sisters, mother and grandmother was known for her beauty. A description of Beatrice said she
"set men's hearts thumping and the fingers of troubadours to fevered twanging of lyres. Two of the balladists at the Provencal court were temporarily deprived of reason for love of the entrancing Beatrice"
All Ramon Berenguer IV's three older daughters married to titles of status: The eldest, Margaret, was Queen of France by marriage to Louis IX; the second, Eleanor, was Queen of England by marriage to Henry III, and the third, Sanchia, was titular Queen of Germany by marriage to Henry's brother Richard, Earl of Cornwall. King Louis IX's marriage to Margaret had been arranged by his mother, Blanche of Castile, with the hopes that he would inherit Provence and Forcalquier when her father died.
However, in his will signed on 20 June 1238 at Sisteron, Ramon Berenguer IV unexpectedly left the Counties of Provence and Forcalquier to his youngest and still unmarried daughter, Beatrice.
Countess of Provence and Forcalquier
Ramon Berenguer IV died on 19 August 1245 at Aix-en-Provence, and according to his will, Beatrice became Countess of Provence and Forcalquier in her own right, with the provision that the Dowager Countess could retain the usufruct of the County of Provence for her lifetime.
Now, Beatrice became one of the most attractive heiresses in medieval Europe, and soon several suitors appeared for her hand. Firstly, the neighboring rulers of her domains began their claims: the twice-divorced Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse and King James I of Aragon, who, despite being married to Violant of Hungary, invaded Provence and seized the residence of the Countess. In addition, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, dispatched the imperial navy to Provence to ensure Beatrice could marry one of his sons.
In such a difficult situation, the Dowager Countess decided to act quickly, placing herself and Beatrice in a safe fortress in Aix, secured the trust of its people and then asked Pope Innocent IV for his protection. In Cluny during December 1245, a secret meeting between Pope Innocent IV, Louis IX of France, his mother Blanche of Castile, and his youngest brother Charles took place. It was decided that in return for Louis IX supporting the Pope militarily against Frederick II, the Pope would allow that Charles marry Beatrice. Mother and daughter were satisfied with this selection, but under the terms of the treaty, Provence was to never go to France outright through Charles. It was agreed that if Charles and Beatrice had children, the Counties would go to them; if there was no issue, then the Provence and Forcalquier would go to Sanchia of Provence, and if she died without heirs, the Counties would go to the King of Aragon. Henry III of England protested these terms, arguing that he had not yet received the full dowry for his wife Eleanor nor his brother for Sanchia. He also still had the castles in Provence against the loan he had made to the late Count.
Charles, along with Philip of Savoy and five hundred knights, rode from Lyon to Provence. On their way, they ran into Raymond VII of Toulouse, who also had an army on the way to Provence. However, Raymond VII had been deceived by knights in favour of Charles and for that reason he had brought fewer men, and Charles and his army were quicker. When Charles got to Aix-en-Provence, James I of Aragon, who had been there all along but was not allowed to see Beatrice, had his soldiers surrounding the castle in which the young Beatrice and her mother were. There was a brief struggle, but the King of Aragon retreated with dignity.
To the young Beatrice, Charles (who was described as "an admirable young man") was a satisfactory resolution to her problems. Their marriage took place on 31 January 1246 at Aix-en-Provence. They had soldiers on guard and the bride was escorted down the aisle by her uncle, Thomas, Count of Flanders.
Engraving of a sealing of Beatrice: Beatrice holds the fleur-de-lis; on the reverse, the arms of Provence
The inheritance of Beatrice also caused conflicts with her older sisters, who hoped that once their father had died, his domains would be divided between the four; however, Charles refused to share the Counties with his sisters-in-law. In consequence, the relationship of Charles and Beatrice with the three sisters, who felt cheated by their father's will, remained always tense.
As soon as Charles became Count of Provence, he brought in his own team of French lawyers and accountants. He excluded his mother-in-law from the running of the county and began taking castles, power and fees away from the nobles who had previously enjoyed a certain degree of independence in the running of their cities. Charles made himself very unpopular. The Dowager Countess moved herself to Forcalquier in protest, and in Marseille, Charles's officials were thrown out of the city. In the family conflict Beatrice sided with her husband.
Seventh Crusade
In May 1247, Charles and Beatrice were recorded as being in Melun, where Charles was knighted by his brother Louis. Beatrice accompanied Charles on the seventh crusade in 1248. Led by Louis IX, the crusaders made an extended procession through France. Before they left, Charles and Beatrice met with the Dowager Countess in Beaucaire to try to come to some terms of agreement concerning Provence. Whilst the more important matters were left until Charles and Beatrice returned, it was decided that Beatrice of Savoy would give up the rights to "the castle at Aix in exchange for a percentage of the county's revenue."
In Nicosia Beatrice gave birth to her first child, "a very elegant and wellformed son", as her brother-in-law Robert of Artois wrote home to his mother the Queen; however, the child lived only a few days. Beatrice stayed with her sister Margaret in Damietta, when they lost contact with the King and his army; here Beatrice gave birth to her second child, while her sister Margaret too gave birth. Later in 1250, they were reunited with the rest of the crusade at Acre, where the King's ransom was paid. Charles and Beatrice, along with several other nobles, left soon after and journeyed to the court of Emperor Frederick II, to ask him to send the King of France more men for his crusade. However, the Emperor, who had been excommunicated, needed his army to fight the Pope, and refused.
Beatrice and Charles returned to Provence in 1251, were some riots erupted at Arles and Avignon, instigated by Beatrice's mother, who felt Charles had failed to respect her claims in Provence. By July 1252 Charles had managed to defeat the revolt and was in the process of exercising his power as Count of Provence. However, in November of the same year, Blanche of Castile, regent of France while her son Louis IX was on crusade, died. Charles and Beatrice had to go to Paris, where Charles became co-regent of France with his brother, Alphonse. The Pope offered Charles the Kingdom of Sicily in 1252, but Charles had to turn the offer down, as he was preoccupied with other affairs and he also did not have sufficient funds.
The crusaders returned in 1254. Charles and Beatrice spent Christmas in Paris that year, where all of Beatrice's sisters and their mother were present; it was noted that the other four women treated the younger Beatrice coldly, due to Raymond Berenguer's will.
Statue of Beatrice of Provence, 13th century. Currently displayed at the Musée d'histoire de Marseille.
Beatrice's sister Margaret, the new Queen of France, publicly offended her in 1259, by not seating her at the family table; she claimed because Beatrice was not a queen like her sisters, she could not sit with them. Margaret had hoped to provoke her sister in treacherous behaviour so she would have a valid reason to invade Provence. Beatrice "with great grief", went to Charles and he reportedly told her:
"Be at peace, for I will shortly make thee a greater Queen than them".
When the newly elected Pope Clement IV granted Charles the Kingdom of Sicily, he had to defeat King Manfred, who had fallen out of papal favour. Another contender to win the throne of Sicily was Beatrice's nephew, Edmund Crouchback, but it soon became clear that Charles was the more promising candidate. In order to achieve his goal, Charles needed an army and Beatrice helped her husband raise one. She called on all her knights as well as the young men of France, and according to the later historian Angelo di Costanzo she pledged all her jewels, to make sure they joined her husband's army:
Beatrice, to aid [Charles] in the gratification of her ambition, sold all her jewels and personal ornaments, and expended her private treasure in collecting round her standard, not only her own vassals, but the chivalric youth of France, who were attracted to her service not less by her personal solicitations than by her rich gifts.
In 1265 Charles of Anjou, with a small contingent embarked and by sea, arrived to Rome, where, on 28 June 28, was invested as King of Sicily by the Pope. According to the storia di Manfredi, re di Sicilia e di Puglia of Giuseppe di Cesare who followed the narrative of the storia di Saba Malaspina, Beatrice followed her husband with the remaining army by sea, arriving to Italy only four months later. In November of that year, the army of Charles, composed by 5,000 soldiers and 25,000 infantrymen entered Italy and arrived in Rome in January 1266, where on 6 January both Charles and Beatrice were crowned King and Queen of Sicily by five cardinals sent by the Pope (who was sheltering in Perugia). As soon as the coronation festivities had ended, Beatrice stayed in Rome with a small force to hold the city, whilst Charles rode out to the battle of Benevento. After her husband's victory, she chose the castle of Melfi as their residence.
Beatrice died on 23 September 1267, a little over a year after becoming queen in either the Castello del Parco at Nocera Inferiore or in Naples (according to the storia di Saba Malaspina). The cause of her death was not recorded, although it is believed that complications following a pregnancy could be the reason. She was initially buried at Cathedral of San Gennaro in Naples, but in 1277 her husband transferred her remains to Aix-en-Provence at the Church of Saint-Jean-de-Malta.
Beatrice was the last ruling Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from the House of Barcelona; on her death, she left her Counties to her husband Charles.
Charles and Beatrice had the following children:
Blanche (1250 – bef. 10 January 1270), married in 1265 Robert of Flanders, Lord of Béthune and Dendermonde (he became Count Robert III in 1305, long after Blanche's death), by whom she had one son, Charles, who died young.
Beatrice (1252 – 17 November/12 December 1275), married in 1273 Philip of Courtenay, titular emperor of Constantinople, by whom she had one daughter, Catherine I of Courtenay, titular Empress of Constantinople.
Charles II (1254 – 6 May 1309), Count of Anjou and Provence, King of Naples, married Maria of Hungary, by whom he had issue.
Philippe (1256 – 1 January 1277), titular King of Thessalonica from 1274 and Prince of Achaïea, married in 1271 Isabella of Villehardouin, Princess of Achaïea and Morea.
Robert (1258 – bef. 9 May 1265).
Isabelle (1261 – October 1303), married to Ladislaus IV of Hungary. Their marriage was childless.
Their descendants included Yolande of Aragon, Philippa of Hainaut, Isabella I of Castile, Henry VIII of England, Caroline of Ansbach, Queen Victoria and Elizabeth II of Great Britain.
Ancestors of Beatrice of Provence
16. Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona
8. Alfonso II of Aragon
17. Petronilla of Aragon
4. Alfonso II, Count of Provence
18. Alfonso VII of Castile
9. Sancha of Castile
19. Richeza of Poland
2. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
20. Rostain II of Sabran
10. Renier of Sabran
21. Roscie, Dame of Le Caylar and Uzès
5. Garsenda of Forcalquier
22. William IV of Forcalquier
11. Garsenda of Forcalquier
23. Adelaide of Béziers
1. Beatrice of Provence
24. Amadeus III of Savoy
12. Humbert III, Count of Savoy
25. Matilda, daughter of Guigues III of Albon
6. Thomas I, Count of Savoy
26. Géraud I, Count of Mâcon
13. Beatrice of Viennois
27. Maurette de Salins
3. Beatrice of Savoy
28. Amadeus I, Count of Geneva
14. William I of Geneva
29. Matilda de Cuiseaux
7. Marguerite of Geneva
30. Aimon I, Lord of Faucigny
15. Beatrix of Faucigny
31. Clemence ...
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https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2006073794
https://d-nb.info/gnd/133550575
https://books.google.it/books?id=c4tB9YOlLhMC
Life Issue Ancestry


You deserve nothing but the best, and the Fine Romance Baby Blue Lace Dress is here to provide just that! Blue fabric under lace creates a chic, look beneath elegant crochet lace as it shapes a plunging neckline, short sleeves, and a fit and flair silhouette. Wear for cocktail hour and you're sure to snag a compliment or two!


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Toyota Introduces New 2009 Venza
Posted by Zahari Mladenov on 11 September 2008
Toyota Motor Sales (TMS), U.S.A., Inc., unveiled the new 2009 Venza at the 2008 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS). Venza will raise the average vehicle to new levels by combining a unique blend of sedan refinement and sport utility vehicle (SUV) functionality.
"The all-new Venza was developed as a vehicle that combines the styling, comfort and fun-to-drive performance elements of a five-passenger sedan with the surprising utility of an SUV," said Bob Carter, Toyota Division group vice president and general manager.
All aspects of Venza's engineering and design were targeted specifically for the North American market where it will be sold exclusively. Venza was primarily engineered at Toyota Technical Center in Ann Arbor, Mich., and designed at Toyota's Calty design studios in Newport Beach, Calif. and Ann Arbor. Venza will be assembled at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky (TMMK), in Georgetown, Ky.
Toyota Venza (2009)
The development focus of the Venza design team was to create a new vehicle that shifted away from the more traditional SUV styling themes that tend to dominate the segment. Calty designers leaned more heavily on a sleek car concept with a wide stance that featured a sporty exterior and premium comfort interior but would also be equipped with important SUV attributes such as cargo space, towing capability and all-wheel-drive performance.
The exterior design of the four-door Venza begins with an imposing front end featuring a distinctive grille, headlights and fog lamps for an aggressive, yet classy appearance. The front conforms to a sleek and aerodynamic shape with short overhangs, crisp character lines, and a roofline and ground clearance that are lower than a typical car's. From behind, Venza's refined appearance is complete with an angled rear hatch, spoiler and wide wraparound tail lights that interconnect with the hatch door.
On the inside, Calty designers and TTC engineers made comfort, refinement and utility a priority for the five-passenger Venza. A sweeping rocker design will allow occupants to more easily step in and out of the vehicle than a typical car. Venza will also feature a higher ride height and slight line that will help provide significantly better driver visibility than most cars and easier ingress and egress than most SUVs.
Venza will provide a spacious interior providing extra room for all five passengers and abundant SUV-like cargo space behind the second row of seats. The rear hatch provides a very low cargo height that allows for easy loading and unloading of luggage and outdoor gear. One-touch levers, one on each side of the rear cargo area, allow the 60/40 split rear seats to fold flat, providing additional storage space for extra long items such as surf boards, skis, camping gear and gardening equipment. For added passenger comfort, the rear seats recline up to 14 degrees.
A creative interior design complemented with an array of comfort and convenience features provides Venza with a refined look and feel that is commonly reserved for a luxury vehicle. The flow of the instrumentation panel (IP) creates a unique 60/60 design that gives both driver and front passenger the look and feeling that 60 percent of the IP is accessible from their seating position.
An extra long center console extends from the IP and slopes down to a center compartment with a unique sliding console cover. Sliding open the compartment lid reveals a large storage well deep enough to hold a large purse. The compartment is also illuminated and equipped with an auxiliary audio jack and 12-volt power point. The upper portion of the center console houses the gear-shift lever for easy and comfortable driver access. Climate control functions are centrally located on the upper center console, providing easy accessibility for both driver and passenger. The center console also contains an iPod®/MP3 storage compartment with wire management and illuminated dual cup holders.
Venza models will be equipped with an array of standard features including auto dual zone air conditioning, AM/FM six-disc CD, tilt/telescopic steering wheel with audio controls, remote keyless entry, electrochromic rearview mirror with compass, a multi-function display, cruise control, Optitron gauges, rear wiper, privacy glass, and much more. On V6 models Venza will come standard with dual exhaust tips and will be the first Toyota model to ride on standard 20-inch alloy wheels. Four-cylinder models will come standard with 19-inch alloy wheels.
Chrome accents throughout give Venza a refined look and feel. Models equipped with an optional leather-trimmed interior will feature wood-grain-type trim and seats stitched with dark piping that is tastefully coordinated with Venza's standard linear grain dashboard and steering wheel. An array of storage space will be available throughout the vehicle to accommodate passenger belongings. A large storage compartment with an additional 12-volt power point located on the passenger side of the front center console will be sizeable enough to contain maps and magazines.
A panoramic roof will be offered as an option and will be a first for the Toyota vehicle lineup. The roof will feature separate glass panels over the front and rear seats. The front glass panel will have a power tilt/slide function.
Venza will also offer an Automatic High Beam headlight system, another Toyota first. When high beam headlights are in use sensors in the Automatic High Beam system will detect oncoming traffic and automatically switch the headlights to low beam. When the Automatic High Beam sensors no longer detect oncoming traffic the system will switch the headlights back to high beam mode.
Additional optional equipment will include a navigation system equipped with a premium JBL Synthesis 13-speaker audio system with AM/FM six-disc CD changer, integrated satellite radio capability, music streaming via Bluetooth® technology and XM® "real-time" traffic; rear seat entertainment system with Surround Sound and 9-inch display; Smart Key System; back-up camera; power rear door; heated seats, mirrors and deicers; HID headlights; and towing package (3500 lb. max).
The sleek and sporty styling, refined interior and outstanding utility features are complemented with fun-to-drive performance attributes expected by owners with active lifestyles. Aggressive handling typically found in a performance coupe is well-balanced by the on-road comfort of an upscale sedan.
Venza will be available in front- and all-wheel-drive configurations. It will provide drivers and passengers the quiet comfortable ride expected from a full-size car along with the peace-of-mind that comes with all-wheel-drive.
Power will be generated by an available 3.5-liter V6 that will produce 268 horsepower at 6,200 rpm and 246 lb.-ft. of torque at 4,700 rpm with a towing capability of 3,500 pounds. Standard power will come from an all-new 2.7-liter four-cylinder engine that will deliver capable performance and provide excellent fuel efficiency and low emissions. Both engines will be mated with a six-speed sequential-shift electronically-controlled automatic transmission.
Venza will be equipped with a comprehensive list of standard safety features. It will provide a total of seven airbags, including a driver's knee airbag, front seat side mounted, front driver and passenger seat-mounted side and side curtain airbags for both rows of seats. Venza will also be the first car with Toyota's STAR Safety System™, featuring anti-lock brakes, traction control, electronic brake-force distribution, brake assist, and vehicle stability control. Venza will also feature front active head rests as standard equipment.
"Venza will establish an exciting new niche that will combine the finest attributes of Toyota's diverse vehicle lineup," said Carter. "It will cater to buyers who are looking for the value and reliability of a Camry, the comfort and upscale refinement of an Avalon, and the utility and functionality of a Highlander SUV in one very stylish and sporty package."
"When it goes on sale in late 2008, the Venza will represent Toyota's latest commitment to driving change in the marketplace."
2009 VENZA PRELIMINARY SPECIFICATIONS
2.7-liter four-cylinder engine Horsepower: TBD Torque: TBD Six-speed sequential shift automatic transmission 3.5-liter V6 engine Horsepower: 268 @ 6,200 rpm Torque: 246 lb.-ft. @ 4,700 rpm Six-speed sequential shift automatic transmission Drive System: Front- and All-Wheel-Drive
Overall Length: 189.0 Overall Width: 75.0 Overall Height: 63.4 Wheelbase: 109.3 Ground clearance: 8.1 Wheels: 19-inch alloy wheels (four-cylinder only) 20-inch alloy wheels (standard on V6 and available on four-cylinder) Tire Size: 20-inch: 245/50 R20 19-inch: 245/55 R19 Towing Capacity: 3,500 lbs. (V6 model) Seating Capacity: 5
Toyota Venza AS V By Five Axis To Debut At 2008 SEMA Show
Toyota's New 2009 Venza Optimizes The Traditional Passenger Car
2013 Toyota Venza Crossover with announced price
Toyota Will Premiere Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle In Frankfurt
Toyota C-HR Prologue Concept


The discovery of exquisite tastes and flavors is part of the Costabella experience. Enjoy the casual ambiance while dining at the main restaurant of Costabella, with maximum seating capacity of 120, which embraces an informal setting allowing guests to relax, unwind and indulge in gastronomic delights.
A restaurant in Mactan Island with diverse specialties, it will seduce your palate with an exceptional selection of local and international fares inspired by Malay, Chinese, Spanish and Continental cuisines. The hotel's resident chef meticulously prepares all dishes using only the finest ingredients, herbs and spices as well as the freshest seafood Cebu is known for.
For a more magical dining experience, romantic dinners and private functions by the beach may be arranged upon request. Advance reservation is required to accommodate your request.


Students practicing CPR on manikins can get instant feedback from a wristband that indicates if they are doing chest compressions properly.
Improvements to the NOP submission process include new features to make it easier for B.C. employers to provide legally required info to WorkSafeBC.
BC Ferries workers use the ALERT system to report workplace safety hazards and solutions that are shared with all employees through weekly bulletins.
In the past five years, more than 60 workers in B.C. were injured by drill presses. One safety officer says education is key to preventing such incidents.


text:
Q: ctrl+shift+x terminator alternative in iTerm MAC os? In order to make any tab into the fullscreen window, in Terminator, we have an option with shortcut ctrl+shift+X, perhaps I am trying to find the same shortcut in iTerm, but couldn't figure it out. I like to know if there is any shortcut exist or the feature is not present in iTerm.

A: After trial and error, I found it finally
cmd+shift+enter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Paleo ricotta cheese is creamy and satisfying without the dairy. Even in a side by side taste test it was hard to tell the difference between the really ricotta and this paleo ricotta cheese. The paleo version is slightly less sweet, and when you press it against the roof of your mouth it doesn't dissolve; otherwise, it gives you a creamy satisfying flavor! It is great in our primal ricotta pears or on top of paleo alfredo zuchini noodles.
This ever happen to you? You have a song in your head that a) you have no idea where it came from and b) you can't get it out? Unless I am listening to music, this is me. I spend the majority of my day humming some obscure verse or song on loop. It isn't so bad, but occasionally I'll find some pop song in there, and I worry that all my brain space will be taken up with song lyrics.
The first thing I set up in my new house was the music, my little House of Marley speaker so that my kitchen and bar setup could go smoothly. And so I didn't hum Justin Bieber for 4 straight hours.
I'm slowly getting unpacked…. I have had a storage space for the last 4 years, and I took everything out of the space and put it in my house. I am completely overwhelmed with my things. I have managed to accumulate so many treasures! And clothes and kitchen stuff, and all sorts of things. My friend read "The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up: The Japanese Art of Decluttering and Organizing" by Marie Kondo. She did a magical sort and purge in the spring, and it changed the feel of her house. I want that same calm magic. I have purchased and read the book and am now filled with equal parts dread and excitement. It's almost time.
I'm going to brew some tea with my new kettle and hole up for a few weekends. Likely eat some baked pears with paleo ricotta cheese, you know, to keep my energy up.
Paleo ricotta is so creamy and delicious you won't even know it is dairy free!
Put cashews in a jar, cover with hot water and then refrigerate overnight.
Cashews should be soaked at least 24 hours.
Drain cashews and set aside water (it's great added to soup stock).
Put cashews, coconut milk, salt and nutritional yeast in a blender or food processor.
Blend well 5-7 minutes until it had a creamy smooth texture.
Let sit for 10 min or so and then it's ready to use!
I don't see any reason why not, as long as you have a powerful blender. You may need to soak the brazil nuts for longer? It is worth a shot! Let us know how it goes.


I'm particularly fond of Italian food, and it's been my favourite since I was a child. I love going to Italy, seeing the highly-rated restaurants, the trattorias, the enotecas, and I have the most phenomenal experiences.
We have great Italian food in London, but I love the rustic element of it, and how varied it is. I've really been keen to do Italian, and now is the time. I've always enjoyed creating new concepts, and I think London is one of the greatest cities in the world to open restaurants.
If it works in London it will work anywhere. But I'm pretty terrified, to be honest!
We have a great chef – Stefano Stecca, who is a real rockstar [previously of London sites Zafferano, Rosmarino, The Wellesley Hotel, Toto's, and Novikov], and that's a good starting point.
The chefs are phenomenal, between Jordan [Sclare, Zsedar's group executive chef] and Stecca. Jordan Sclare is involved in all my sites. He's my go-to guy, I don't go anywhere without him.
So we have a great chef, a baker, and architect, and the product will be organic. I don't want to ram that down people's throats, but nowadays with how processed everything is, operators have the responsibility to source the right ingredients for paying customers. I am a big advocate for organic food. This is about beautiful, artisanal Italian cuisine, that happens to be organic.
We'll have them on the menu, but there's going to be a huge arrangement of game and wild boar, and the fire pit, which will take centre stage. Hence the name Fucina, which means forge: working with fire. Fire is social too, there's just something really lovely about that. It's glowing; warmth; it feels really primeval for me.
We will use UK produce but import from Italy too, which is how we're going to get those flavours right. We'll also have the bakery, and then have freshly-braised meat going into fresh bread, and we'll have dairy products, soups, and broths, and fresh pasta. There will be a deli, organic ice cream and cold juices.
Well, we will be in Marylebone, with 106 seats, and rents are not cheap. Also, the operation itself is huge, the staff and products are the absolute best. We will also have a burrata counter, and downstairs we will have a glass wall that will divide the dining area and the kitchen.
I've opened between 20 and 30 restaurants in my time, and you know within a day or two, if it's done what it's supposed to do. I knew straightaway. I wasn't sure if it was a question of timing – opening in summer, maybe ‒ but I knew it wasn't right.
So we waited for the Christmas period, where things picked up beautifully, but I already knew I was going to have to change something.
It's difficult to say. Everyone who ate there would say the food was great: fish as fresh as possible, on a barbecue, with olive oil and lemon. And people that have had that elsewhere ‒ like in Mykonos ‒ understood, but everyone else said, why am I spending £50 for a seabass? It was obviously not right for the market. I had to accept that, and quickly come up with something else.
I never had to worry before because it hadn't happened before! But I never go into any project thinking it's a slam dunk. I'm always so worried. But that's part of the thrill. You're putting yourself out there for criticism, and it can be harsh.
When I left Ping Pong for Chotto Matte, I had panic attacks because I thought, oh god if this doesn't work, I might not get another job! But I just had to throw myself into it. And thank god it worked.
With Bouillabaisse, I guess I didn't realise it could fail until it did. Now, I try to do things true to myself, not worrying so much about what I 'should' do. With Black Roe, I brought back the music, the dark decor - my style...and it seems to work for me.
I'm fortunate that I get to travel a damn lot, and when I travel, I do my favourite thing: eat. I have to work very hard to not be ten times the size that I am! But if you get the opportunity to taste something great, you can say, wow, we don't get this in London. I think I have quite common taste buds, which isn't a bad thing: what I like, most people also like.
It's just a gut feeling, I never proclaim that anything will be the next trend. I just always try to do something different. Italian has been done a thousand times in London, but I'm hoping that the way that I do it will be different.
Firstly, I think of the style of food you would eat, then I start to imagine what sort of atmosphere would work, and then the level of service: is it high-end, fine dining, a counter, something in between? Then you try to understand where the competition is. I then put an image bank together of what it might look like, and show the chef.
And then we travel to where the food comes from, and that's where the fun starts. How do we make it better, and do it our way?
We have a big population, and the lifestyle here dictates how much time people spend cooking. Eating out has become less of an occasion; people always eat out. That's true of any city today. The tourism factor is an element too. It's a very affluent city; it supports the rest of the country pretty much, and people can afford to eat out here.
I love London; it's been good to me.
I don't know! I just love it. It's like asking an artist to paint the same picture every single time. I'm not saying I'm an artist, but there's something really exciting about the new challenge. I lie in bed with a notepad next to my bed, and I dream things up and write them down.
Ideas come flooding in and I lose sleep! I have to listen to other stuff at bedtime to block them out. So many ideas, why would you stop them? It's about great ideas, and then figuring out how to do it.
Successful brands always evolve. You have to constantly engage and attract more business. It also keeps current customers entertained. I believe in making customers think it's better than the last time, every time they come in. I push myself to constantly re-invent what we're doing.
Our spaces are always adaptable: for example, I always make sure the lights in the restaurants move 180 to 360 degrees, so we can change them to focus on tables when we move them around.
It's nice to take already-established ideas to a new audience. What I learned from [previous venture] Ping Pong, for example, is that opening the first one was really exciting. But then the second site didn't excite me as much, because it was a replication in the same city. Even the customers weren't as excited.
We did have very fast growth, but I didn't find myself as enthusiastic. So I want to travel abroad with Chotto Matte. I'm going to handpick. It could be like opening it again for the first time!
Well, the thing is, food is addictive. If you grow up having spaghetti Bolognese the way your mum makes it, it's very hard to really appreciate another one, because you'll always say 'My mum's is better', even if others don't agree. We get used to food.
So if people come to us regularly in the first year, they'll be hooked. If we can deliver our product and give good service consistently, we will be OK.
They care more about real products and whole produce. They eat out more often than everyone else, and they like convenience. So we're giving them what they want.
We're seeing great restaurant openings, but in London the rent levels are so high, so it's impacting the concepts that can succeed. It's about how to deliver a good product at a price people will pay, and make a profit.
I think it's about value for money. You want things to be the best you can get, whether it's for £5 or £65.


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Psychedelic Science Review
PSR › People › Tim Ferriss
Advocate, Author, Businessperson
Tim Ferriss is an entrepreneur, author, and start-up investor. He is also an advocate for psychedelic research and uses psychedelics like psilocybin to increase his cognitive abilities. In 2016, he donated $100,000 to the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine for their depression treatment studies using psilocybin. His popular podcast The Tim Ferriss Show has featured guests from the world of psychedelics including Hamilton Morris, Michael Pollan, and Paul Stamets.
Tim is an angel investor and advisor to Twitter, Facebook, Evernote, Alibaba, Shopify, and Uber, among other companies. Over the years he has also written five books, The 4-Hour Workweek, The 4-Hour Body, The 4-Hour Chef, Tools of Titans, and Tribe of Mentors. He is also an active philanthropist, donating to causes dedicated to educational reforms and literacy.
Birthdate July 20, 1977
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text:
Australian model sentenced for airline flight disturbance
by: ANDREW DALTON, Associated Press
Posted: Jul 15, 2019 / 01:16 PM CDT / Updated: Jul 15, 2019 / 05:02 PM CDT
Australian-South Sudanese model Adau Mornyang checks in through security for her court case at the Federal Courthouse in downtown Los Angeles on Monday, July 15, 2019. The model and former Miss World Australia finalist, Mornyang is set for sentencing in federal court for attacking a flight attendant and yelling a racial slur at an air marshal during a Melbourne to Los Angeles flight. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel)
LOS ANGELES (AP) — An Australian model was sentenced Monday in Los Angeles to community service and probation for slapping a flight attendant and going on an obscene tirade during a flight, with a federal judge saying he believed she was deeply remorseful and did not deserve fines or prison time.
U.S. District Judge Cormac J. Carney sentenced Adau Mornyang to three years of probation and 100 hours of community service.
Prosecutors had sought a month in jail for Mornyang. But Carney said he believed she was truly sorry after she tearfully read a statement in court saying she is now receiving treatment for anxiety and depression brought on by childhood trauma, instead of self-medicating like she did at the time of the flight.
"I've learned to deal with my emotions and trauma in a proper way," Mornyang said as she stood crying with her arm around her lawyer, her usually long hair cropped to a short flattop.
The incident, she said, has "pushed me to have proper medical treatment."
She talked about the humiliation of hearing the recording of herself during the trial.
"I'll do what it takes to prove to the world that I am not that woman," Mornyang said, and asked the court for "forgiveness, kindness and mercy."
The 25-year-old, a native of South Sudan who migrated to Australia as a refugee at age 10, was convicted of felony interference with a flight crew and misdemeanor assault. She was acquitted of a third count of assaulting an air marshal.
Mornyang was nine hours into a Jan. 21 flight from Melbourne to Los Angeles and had apparently been drinking wine excessively when she began "yelling obscenities and racial slurs and flailing her arms," prosecutors said in their sentencing memorandum.
Her fellow passengers complained to the crew. But she only lashed out more when flight attendants attempted to calm her, and she slapped one of them. Several air marshals had to come out from undercover to help deal with her, prosecutors said.
Prosecutors said in court Monday that Mornyang's statement of remorse said little about the passengers and crew whose flight she made so difficult.
But Carney welcomed the statement, and he said before sentencing that "I do believe she's remorseful and that she's committed to getting treatment to make sure this never happens again."
Carney said he had often sentenced terrorists, murderers and drug dealers, and that "those people need to be in custody," but not people like Mornyang.
"The trial process was punishment in and of itself," Carney said.
He added that her financial circumstances made the fine that would usually come with this crime untenable.
Mornyang is also required to submit to drug tests and receive mental health counseling throughout her three-year term.
She appeared relieved as the hearing ended. She did not talk to reporters outside court.
"I want you to have a wonderful life," the judge said after handing down his sentence. "I hope I never see you again."
Follow AP Entertainment Writer Andrew Dalton on Twitter.


North Carolina residents live in a lovely state, and many live with substantial debt. With a diverse socioeconomic status and variable job market, the people who live in North Carolina are doing well compared to many other states in the USA. Many families struggle, and they want to know what they can do to help with their debt repayments. Can they consolidate with a bank to get rid of numerous interest rates and payments in favor of just one? The answer is always yes, but only if a family has good enough credit to borrow more money.
Before anyone in North Carolina chooses to experience debt relief, however, they should ask themselves whether it will benefit their financial situation. It's not always helpful for a family to rely on someone else to bail them out when financial situations are difficult. It's important to understand debt, how it works, what happens to your credit, and how it affects your financial future before it's too late. It's also imperative to educate consumers about debt and how to avoid falling into the trap once their debt payments are satisfied.
Getting a grip on the economic status in North Carolina is difficult, as many locations feature vastly different economic statuses. With more than 9.5 million people living in North Carolina, it's a large state with a population spread out significantly. Charlotte is the biggest city in the state with approximately 792,000 residents. This is followed by Raleigh with only 431,000 residents. The median household income in North Carolina is only $46,556, and the poverty rate is a staggering 17.2%. The people who live in Wake make the most with an average of $65,000 in income each year and the people in Robeson make the least at just over $30,000.
The unemployment rate in North Carolina is relatively low at only 5.7%, which makes it the 34th ranked state in the USA. With more than 41% of residents holding at least an Associate's Degree, it's easy to find jobs in this state, but the cost of living and potential income is low.
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Дестре́за (дистре́за, испáнская шкóла фехтовáния) (исп. La Destreza) — испанская техника фехтования. Буквальный перевод означает «мастерство», однако в литературе чаще всего переводят как «истинное искусство».

Дестреза является универсальным методом фехтования для таких видов и комбинаций оружия, как шпага (или меч) и кинжал (дага), шпага и плащ, меч и щит, двуручный меч или древковое оружие (например, копьё или алебарда).

Основы движений во время боя построены на аспектах логики и геометрии, которые начали активно развивать в эпоху Ренессанса. В это же время (XV—XVI века) появляются первые упоминания о дестрезе, однако достоверная дата создания этого вида фехтования неизвестна. Совершенно очевидно, что при создании основных убеждений испанской школы фехтования использовали труды таких ученых как Аристотель, Евклид и Платон. Также создатели дестрезы уделили много времени такому принципу, который современные специалисты называют «биомеханикой».

Основоположником дестрезы считают дон Иеронимо Санчес де Карранза, которого называют «первопроходцем науки обращения с оружием». Его труд продолжили ученик дон Луис Пачеко де Нарваэс и голландец Жерар Тибо.

История

Ещё в эпоху Древнего Рима, современная территория Испании была лидером по поставке бойцов для гладиаторских боев. После роспуска гладиаторских школ, многие воины имели возможность вернуться на родину. Вследствие этого, в Испании сложилась благоприятная обстановка для появления новых боевых техник, специализирующихся на поединочном фехтовании.

Истоки испанской школы фехтования относят к 1569 году, когда дон Иеронимо де Карранза начал записывать свои исследования. Существует ряд доказательств, указывающих на то, что дестреза базируется на наблюдениях другого фехтовальщика, Камилла Агриппы, который покровительствовал итальянской школе фехтования. Одним из таких утверждений является то, что в обеих системах фехтования используют геометрию.

Какими бы источниками не вдохновлялся Де Карранза, фактом остаётся то, что ему удалось создать новую и независимую школу фехтования, которая сменила более старый испанский стиль — «эсгрима».

Благодаря изданной работе Де Карранза в 1582 году («Философия оружия»), удалось заложить основные принципы дестрезы. Его ученик, дон Луис Пачеко де Нарваэс, продолжил развивать концепции испанской школы, которые расширяли идеи Карранзы. Однако, Пачеко со временем отошёл от заповедей Карранзы, что повлекло за собой раскол между последователями Карранзы и последователями Пачеко. В результате, в Испании появилось 3 сложных направления фехтования.

В истории дестрезы существует ещё одна ключевая фигура — это Жерар Тибо, который улучшил систему боя до того уровня, остатки которого и дошли до наших дней. Его книга «Академия меча» была издана в 1628 году во Франции, из-за чего некоторое время вели споры о принадлежности книги не к испанскому стилю фехтования, а к французскому. Именно Тибо развил концепцию «магического круга» (реконструкторы используют термин «круг Тибо») и его использование при фехтовании. Также он доказал, что для обороны достаточно лишь одной рапиры, хотя и использовал в нескольких приёмах безоружную руку.
Трактат Жерара Тибо был переведён на английский язык.

Испанские методы сражения быстро распространили, благодаря колонизации Нового Света. Первоначально использовали только эсгрима, но позже активно начали использовать и дестрезу. Сам же Де Карранза какое-то время был губернатором Гондураса. Последователи и мастера дестрезы активно принимали участие в конфликтах Мексики, Перу, Эквадора и Филиппин. Благодаря дестрезе было оказано влияние на появление филиппинского боевого искусства «арнис».

Со временем, под давлением итальянской и французской школ фехтования, дестреза начала терять свою популярность. Особо интенсивным оказалось влияние французской школы в XVIII веке, что привело к изменениям в общей сфере фехтования, которые стали более очевидны в XIX столетии. Перемены заключались в смешивании идей и концепций дестрезы с техникой итальянской и французской методик. В результате объединения трёх крупных школ и появилось современное фехтование.

В современное время, основы техники дестрезы используют матадоры корриды.

Принципы дестрезы
Де Карранза считал, что в фехтовании, подобно музыке, всё должно быть гармонично, а именно: физическое состояние, психологический аспект и философские убеждения фехтовальщика.

Один из теоретиков фехтования, Джордж Сильвер, посвятил одну из глав в своей книге «Парадоксы защиты» испанской школе фехтования. Он считал, что испанцы в то время были одними из лучших фехтовальщиков, так как знали множество различных приёмов, используя при этом всего одну стойку, одинаково подходящую и для защиты, и для нападения. Иначе говоря, ученикам дестрезы («диестро», так же называют основную базовую стойку) не нужно заучивать различные приёмы — вместо них используют несколько базовых движений, которые относят к передвижению ног и использованию оружия. Из-за этого, дестрезу иногда сравнивают с танцем.

Основы техники

Стойка испанской школы основана на принципе «выбрать ту стойку, из которой удобно атаковать противника, при этом не давая атаковать себя».

Оружие держали в вытянутой руке на уровне плеча, при этом остриё было направлено на гарду либо в глаза соперника. Выпрямленные ноги находились на расстоянии одной стопы друг от друга, правую стопу разворачивали в сторону оппонента, а другую ставили левее под прямым углом. Корпус располагали вполоборота, что позволяло одновременно создавать опасность клинком и уменьшать личную область поражения.

Что же касается расстояния между соперниками, в дестрезе был создан термин «мера пропорции», трактующий защитную дистанцию. Общим правилом этого термина является то, что кончик оружия противника должен находиться на уровне перекрестья. Однако, данное правило сложно выполнить, когда длина клинков фехтовальщиков различается, в связи с чем, перед каждым диестро встаёт собственный вопрос по определению защитной дистанции.

Отдельно необходимо отметить, что поза фехтовальщика предполагает только правосторонний вариант.

Некоторые философские приёмы дестрезы похожи на манёвры из книги Миямото Мусаси «Пять колец».

Движения в круге
У Карранзы, Пачеко и Тибо были собственные схемы «магических кругов». Современниками, всё же, наиболее удобным принято считать круг Тибо.

Диаметр круга для разных диестро различен. Для правильной окружности он должен составлять длину от стоп фехтовальщика до кончиков пальцев вытянутой вверх руки. Важным моментом является то, что не фехтовальщик «привязан» к кругу, а круг к нему, то есть при перемещениях каждый диестро мысленно представляет свой круг (хотя в школах по дестрезе для спаррингов используют общие круги).

Находясь в воображаемом (или нарисованном) круге, мастера дестрезы рекомендуют двигаться против часовой стрелки, подбирая наилучший момент для угловой атаки (также как действует тореадор с быком). Шаги делят по направлениям: вперёд, назад, вправо, влево, круговые и диагональные. Большинство перемещений делают в непрерывной манере приставными шагами. Для этого, в начальной позиции вес распределяют равномерно между ногами, но при движениях необходимо перемещать вес на одну из ног, лишь слегка касаясь пола другой. Перекрёстные шаги применяют лишь в случае обезоруживания противника левой рукой.

Виды ударов и защиты
Удары делили по задействованию руки: удар от плеча («arrebatar»), удар от локтя («medio tajo») и от кисти («mandoble»). Уколы не подразделяли.

Диестро мог попытаться получить контроль над оружием оппонента («atajo»). Для этого последователи дестрезы развивали «чувство такта» или, как выражаются практикующие фехтовальщики, «чувство клинка». Понятие означает способность тактильного чувства действий соперника, при соприкосновении с его клинком.

Не существовало классификаций защиты, однако, диестро использовали приём, известный как «desvio». Это действие заключалось в управлении клинком оппонента, используя его «слабую часть» и «сильную часть» своего клинка.

Психологическое состояние
Особое внимание в испанском фехтовании уделяли психологическому состоянию бойца. Ещё при обучении в диестро вырабатывали хладнокровное и спокойное поведение. Также, один из принципов дестрезы объясняет, что необходимо попытаться вывести соперника из психологического равновесия. Одним из приёмов, позволяющим диестро сделать это и считавшийся пиком мастерства, являлся «испанский поцелуй». При его исполнении противнику рассекали кончик носа или губы, после чего, соперник, сомневающийся в собственных возможностях, как правило, заканчивал поединок.

Отличия от итальянской школы фехтования
Наиболее важное отличие между испанской и итальянской школами фехтования заключается в перемещениях ног. Итальянская школа фехтования, подобно современной, учит двигаться линейно в сторону противника. Испанская доктрина же, наоборот, утверждает, что движение к противнику может быть очень опасным и напутствует делать движения влево или вправо, чтобы выбрать наиболее удобный угол для атаки.

Также, итальянская школа рекомендует фехтовальщикам сосредоточивать внимание на позициях и положении руки с оружием. Ученики дестрезы, с другой стороны, имеют большие возможности для манёвра, так как данная дисциплина не рассматривает такого понятия как «позиция» и советует фехтовальщикам следить лишь за положением рук.

Итальянские мастера практикуют разнообразные виды защитных стоек, в отличие от испанцев, которые используют лишь одну позицию, называемую «прямым углом». В такой стойке кончик меча (шпаги), кисть и плечо находятся на одной прямой линии.

Итальянский стиль боя отдавал предпочтение уколам, а не рассекающим ударам шпагой. В свою очередь, мастера дестрезы утверждали, что укол может быть полезен лишь в определённых ситуациях. Стоит отметить, что при этом диестро (от  — фехтовальщик) использовали очень длинное оружие, но шпаги итальянцев всё же были длиннее.

В отличие от итальянского стиля, после атаки испанцы предпочитали не контратаку, а уход в сторону.

Многие трактаты по использованию дестрезы отдельной темой выделяют противостояние против итальянской школы фехтования и её представителей, что объясняет факт того, что испанские мастера уделяли внимание методам итальянских коллег. В трудах мастеров обычно описано использование шпаги, либо шпаги в сочетании с дагой.

Мастера дестрезы и их трактаты

Де Карранза и Пачеко имели ряд последователей, которые использовали истоки дестрезы для создания собственных стилей фехтования и издания трактатов по ним.

XVI век
 Иеронимо Санчес де Карранза (ок. 1539—1600?)
 «Философия оружия» = «De la Filosofía de las Armas y de su Destreza y la Aggression y Defensa Cristiana» (1569, изд. 1582)

XVII век
 Луис Пачеко де Нарваэс (1570—1640)
 «Книга о величии Меча» = «Libro de las Grandezas de la Espada, En Qve Se Declaran Mvchos Secretos del que compuso el Comendador Geronimo de Carrança. En el qual cada vno se podrà licionar, y deprender à solas, sin tener necessidad de Maestro que le enseñe. Dirigido à Don Felipe. III. Rey de las Españas, y de la mayor parte del mundo, nuestro señor» (1600, 1605). В этой книге он утверждает, что дестреза это наука, а фехтование — искусство.
 «Las Cien conclvsiones, o formas de saber de la verdadera Destreza, fundada en Sciencia y deziocho contradiciones a las tretas de la Destreza comun» (1608)
 «Compendio de la Filosofía y destreza de las armas, de Geronimo de Carrança» (1612, 1616)
 «Al Duque de Cea: [Carta dirigida por D. Pacheco de Narvaez a dicho Sr. dando su parecer sobre la obra de Carranza]» (1618)
 «Modo facil y nuevo para examinar los maestros en la Destreza de las armas, y entender mis cien conclusiones o forma de saber» (1625)
 «Nveva ciencia; y filosofia de la destreza de las armas, sv teorica, y practica: A la Magestad de Felipe Quarto, rey, y señor nvestro de las Españas, y de la mayor parte del mundo» (1632, 1672)
 «Historia exemplar de las dos constantes mugeres españolas: A la Señora Doña Catalina Chacon y Rojas, muger de don Juan Ramírez Fariña, Cauallero de la Orden de Santiago, Cauallerizo de Su Magestad, y su Corregidor en la Ciudad de Ezija» (1635)
 «Advertencias para la enseñanza de la Filosofía, y destreza de las armas, assi à pie, como à cavallo. Al Principe nvestro señor» (1642)

Октавио Феррара (? — после 1625)
 «Compendio y Philosophia y Dztreza de las Armas» (1625) (MS R4-B274 — «Copy M.S.S. Early Spanish Fencing. 1625.»)

 Диогу Гомеш де Фигейреду (ок. 1600—1685)
 «Философия и Истинное мастерство оружия» = «Oplosophia e Verdadeira Destreza das Armas» (1628)
 «Memorial Da Prattica do Montante» (1651)

 Жерар Тибо (Тибальд) д'Анверса (ок. 1574—1627)
 «Академия меча» = «Academie de l'Espée … ou se demonstrent par Reigles mathematiques sur le fondement d'un Cercle mysterieux la Theorie et Pratique des vrais et jusqu'a present incognus secrets du Maniement des Armes a Pied et a Cheval» (1628)

 Луис Мендес де Кармона Тамарис
 «A Don Rodriguez Portocarrero Fernandez de Cordoba: quan estimado sea la destreza y exercicio de las armas en casa conocida de todas las politicas naciones…» (16??)
 «Compendio en defensa de la doctrina y destreza del comendador Geronimo de Carranza en el qual ballara el diestro documentos, y avisos importantes para la inteligencia, y exercicio de las armas» (1632); «Libro de la destreza berdadera de las armas» (1640)

 Кристобаль де Кала
 «Desengaño de la espada y norte de diestros» (1642)

 Гомес Ариас де Поррес
 «Resumen de la verdadera destreza en el manejo de la espada» (1667)

 Мигель Перес де Мендоса и Кихада
 «Defensa de la doctrina y destreza de las armas» (1635, 2-е изд. — 1665)
 «Espejo de la Filosofia y Mathemática de las Armas. Breve resumen de la Verdadera Destreza» (рукопись, не издано)
 «Principios de los cincos sujetos principales de que se compone la Philosophia y Matemática de las Armas, Practica y especulativa» (1672)
 «Resvmen de la verdadera destreza de las armas en treinta y ocho asserciones : resumidas y advertidas con demonstraciones Practicas : deducido de las obras principales que tiene escritas su Autor…» (1675)

 Франсиско Антонио де Эттенхард (де Тенарде) и Абарка (1650—1701)
 «Сборник основ подлинного мастерства и философии оружия» = «Compendio de los fundamentos de la verdadera destreza y filosofía de las armas» (1675)
 «Фехтование на итальянском и испанском» = «Diestro italiano y español» (1697)

 Альваро Герра де ла Вега
 «Понимание Дестрезы» = «Comprehension de la destreza» (1681)

 Франсиско Лоренс, маркиз де ла Торрес де Рада
 «Respuesta philosophica y mathematica en la qual se satisface a los argumentos y proporciones que a los profesores de la verdadera destreza y Philosophia de las armas se han propuesto por un papel expedido esin nombre de autor» (1695)

 Николас Тамарис
 «Cartilla y luz en la verdadera destreza, nacida de los escritos de Don Luis Pacheco de Narváez y de los autores que refiere» (1696)

XVIII век
 Мануэль Крусадо и Перальта
 «Las tretas de la vulgar y comun esgrima de espada sola y con armas dobles, que reprobo Don Luis Pacheco de Narvaez, y las oposiciones que dispuso en verdadera destreza contra ellas» (1702)

 Франсиско Лоренс, маркиз де ла Торрес де Рада
 «Promptuario de cómo se entienden, y aplican, las especies de movimientos en los diez Predicamientos de la Logica de la ciencia de la Espada: con la breve descripcion de el hombre, sus partes esenciales en cuerpo, y movimientos y otros discursos pertenecientes á la inteligencia, y exercicio del instrumento armigero» (1702)
 «Благородство меча» = «Nobleza de la espada: cuyo esplendor se expressa en tres libros, segun ciencia, arte, y esperiencia»
 «Libro primero: De la ciencia del instrumento armigero espada» (1705)
 «Libro segundo: Arte del instrumento armigero espada» (1705)
 «Libro tercero: Experiencia del instrumento armigero espada» (1705)
 «Arte y manejo de la espada publié à Càdiz» (1708)
 «Defensa de la verdadera destreza de las armas y respuesta dada por el Mro. de Campo D. Francisco Lorenz de Rada... a la carta apologética Que le escrivió Diego Rodríguez de Guzman» (1712)

XIX век
 Мануэль Антонио де Брея
 «Principios universales y reglas generales de la verdadera destreza del espadin segun la doctrina mixta de francesa, italiana y española, dispuestos para instruccion de los caballeros seminaristas del real seminario de nobles de esta corte» (1805)

 Симон де Фриас
 «Tratado Elemental de la Destreza del Sable» (1809)

М.д. Р. (анонимный автор, инициалы приписывают многим авторам, в том числе Мариано де Рементерия и Фика и Мануэлю Бретону де лос Эрреросу)
 «Учебник вымогателя или искусство владения навахой, ножом и цыганскими ножницами» = «Manual del baratero, ò arte de manejar la navaja, el cuchillo y la tijera de los jitanos» (1849)

Хайме (Хосе) Мерело и Касадемун

 «Tratado de la verdadera esgrima del fusil carabina armados de bayoneta» (1858, переизд.: 2-е изд. — 1861, 3-е изд. — 1864, 4-е и 5-е изд. — 1865, 6-е изд. — 1867, 7-е изд. — 1871, 8-е изд. — 1875, 9-е изд. — 1878)
 «Tratado completo de la esgrima del sable español» (1862)
 «Elementos de esgrima para instruir al soldado de infanteria en la verdadera destreza del fusil ó carabina armados de bayoneta» (1865)
 «Manual de esgrima : recopilación de las tretas más principales que constituyen la verdadera esgrima del sable español y del florete» (1878, 2-е изд. — 1882e)

 Альфредо Мерело и Форнес
 «Manual de esgrima de sable y lanza para toda el arma de caballería y sable de infantería» (1880)

 Луис Мерело и Сайро
 «Apuntes sobre la esgrima en general» (рукопись, не издано)

Дестреза в популярной культуре
 Фильм «Маска Зорро» (1998) — Диего де ла Вега обучает нового Зорро, Алехандро Мурьетта, фехтованию с использованием испанского стиля.
 Сериал «Королева мечей» (2000—2001) — есть сцены с использованием рапиры в «магическом круге». Один из актёров, Энтони Де Лонгис, изучал технику дестрезы и хотел, чтобы героиня фильма имела уникальный стиль фехтования. В итоге он стал одним из постановщиков боевых сцен в некоторых эпизодах фильма.
 Фильм «Капитан Алатристе» (2006) — несколько персонажей, включая главного героя, Диего Алатристе, используют испанские методы фехтования.
 Сериал «Горец» (1992—1998) — некоторые сцены демонстрируют использование «круга Тибо» и движения внутри него, однако, перемещения выполняют в итальянском стиле.
 Фильм «1612» (2007) — важным элементом сюжета является обучение главного героя базовым принципам движений в дестрезе.

См. также
 Итальянская школа фехтования
 Багуачжан— другое боевое искусство, использующее передвижения по кругу для фехтования колюще-рубящим мечом (цзянь — китайский аналог тяжёлой боевой шпаги).

Филиппинские наследники
 Арнис
 Эспада и дага ()

Испанское оружие
 Эспада () — испанская шпага.
 Дага ()
 Макила () — боевой посох, применяли в качестве альтернативы шпаге.
Наваха

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
 Школа фехтования Рамона Мартинеса, англ
 Ассоциация исследования дестрезы, англ
 Испанское объединение старого фехтования, исп
 Описание дестрезы с сайта школы фехтования «Rencontre»

Фехтование
Боевые искусства
Культура Испании


The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania wants medical researchers to study cannabis at Pennsylvania medical schools, eight of which have been certified as Academic Clinical Research Centers (ACRCs). ACRCs can contract with Clinical Registrants (CRs), entities that the Commonwealth will license to cultivate, package and dispense cannabis for medical research. An entire set of regulations, commonly referred to as "Chapter 20," has been drafted, redrafted and amended to make medical research of cannabis a reality in the Commonwealth.
But there are no CRs, so there is no cannabis research. As we enter 2019 it is unclear if any medical research will be conducted by or through ACRCs in the near future.
Last year, the Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court issued an injunction preventing Pennsylvania's Department of Health (DOH) from issuing sing CRs. As explained in AES Compassionate Care, LLC v. Rachel L. Levine, 233 MD 2018, the Commonwealth Court had concerns that the selection of CRs was too dependent on the selection of potential partners by the ACRCs. A CR applicant must have a contract with an ACRC in order to apply for a license to cultivate and dispense cannabis for research studies. The Commonwealth Court also had concerns that the CR "super license." Under the regulations in place at that time, CRs would have been permitted to operate up to six dispensaries to compete with "commercial" dispensaries (which are limited to three dispensaries) to sell their cultivated product in other dispensaries, and to sell other growers' product at their dispensaries.
To address these concerns, the Pennsylvania Legislature quickly issued new proposed regulations aimed at assuring that the DOH exercised greater oversight over the CR selection process. The competition issues between CRs and "commercial" dispensaries were not addressed. The ACRC certifications were reissued and the DOH released CR applications.
Eight entities, each holding a valid contract with an ACRC, applied. On December 5, 2018, it was announced that all eight applications were rejected.
The DOH denied that AES Compassionate Care, LLC played a role in the rejections. There is anecdotal evidence that many of the applications for grower-processor and dispensary licenses also were rejected by the DOH during the second phase of the licensure process in 2018. It is unknown what role the September 27, 2018, Commonwealth Court decision in Pennsylvania Department of Health v. McKelvey, 1372 C.D. 2017, has played in the cannabis licensure review process. Under McKelvey, the names of the individuals who are assigned to score cannabis applications may be disclosed to the public.
Whether the CR applicants failed because of process transparency or poor planning is unclear. The DOH stated that none of the applicants met the minimum scoring standards for each section of the CR application.
In response to this setback, the Pennsylvania Legislature again, and very promptly, issued new proposed regulations for CRs. Published for public comment on December 22, 2018, the new proposed regulations would allow ACRCs to enter into letters of intent with multiple proposed CRs. However, the number of CR licenses will not increase and each ACRC may only execute a research contract with a single approved CR.
The proposed regulations explicitly state the minimum acceptable scores that CRs must attain for both grower-processor and dispensary applications. A CR applicant must score a minimum of 336 out of 800 on its grower-processor application and 331 out of 800 on its dispensary application. By contrast, in the second phase of cannabis licensing, all successful commercial grower/processors scored no less than 680 out of 1,000 (with the majority scoring above 725) and successful commercial dispensary license applicants scored no less than 650 out of 1,000 (with the majority scoring above 700).
Clinical registrant license applications also will be weighted and given preferences based on their current licensure standing. Applicants that satisfy the minimum scoring requirements and already possess both grower-processor and dispensary licenses and operational facilities (1st ranking) will be ranked higher than entities possessing an operational licensed cultivation facility (2nd ranking), followed by operational licensed dispensary CR applicants (3rd ranking), non-operational grower-processor licensee CR applicants (4th ranking), non-operational dispensary licensee CR applicants (5th ranking) and all other CR applicants (6th ranking).
The Commonwealth's proposed CR regulations seek to advance medical cannabis research by involving both the ACRCs (which will be soliciting additional letters of intent) and existing commercial licensees (which will receive preferences if they elect to seek CR licenses). In addition, any commercial licensee that conducts medical research as a CR will maintain their ability under the CR license to maintain commercial operations (and will be able to operate twice the number of dispensaries as standard commercial cannabis dispensaries).
This effort to integrate "commercial" medical cannabis and medical research stands in stark contrast to the recommendations set forth in the recent report of New York City Mayor's Task Force on Cannabis Legalization, A Fair Approach to Marijuana. The New York Task Force report suggests that medical research and commercial (adult use) sales be strictly separated to encourage small, specialized businesses and prevent vertical integration and monopolization of the cannabis industry. The report focused on a different landscape: a future state-wide legalized adult-use market and not the limited medical cannabis market currently in place in Pennsylvania.
The Commonwealth continues its strenuous effort to provide CR applicants with protected, guaranteed medical research contracts and commercial opportunities, while assuring that commercial licensees (and their investors) are not unduly impacted. At some point, the Commonwealth may need to consider following New York City's recommended path of separating potentially lucrative medical research from non-research-based medical cannabis activity.


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D'Juan "Deejay Knight" Irvin's Top 5 Streaming Tips
The Twitch personality and Full Sail grad provides his top tips for up-and-coming streamers.
D'Juan "Deejay Knight" Irvin is a Full Sail grad, Twitch streamer, STEM advocate, military veteran, and educator. Nominated this year for the Shorty Awards, Deejay's career as a full-time streamer has transformed from humble beginnings to a daily hangout for community, comedy, and creativity. Of course, this didn't just happen overnight. Here, Deejay talks about some of the ways he's built his Twitch community and gives his top five tips for getting started in the world of streaming.
The first tip, and perhaps the most important, it is to just do it. There's never been a better time to become a streamer, and with so many platforms to choose from, there's no excuse to not get started.
"So many people spend so much time in the minutiae of how they want to do it," says D'Juan. "If you don't start, you don't understand from a perspective that is your own."
You don't need a fancy rig or expensive gear to get started either. Even if you're not quite comfortable with Twitch or Mixer, most consoles provide gamers access to streaming functionality to help them get started.
Don't Worry About the Money
While streaming might seem like fast money, it's not always the case, and D'Juan was quick to make one of streaming's pitfalls known. "The money will come if it's meant for you," he says. "There's a lot of people who don't want to be streamers, they just want easy money."
He explained that after breaking down what he would consider an hourly rate, he was making less than minimum wage as a full-time streamer and he warned against streaming for the sake of income.
"Go in for the love of what you're doing. Go in for the love of building community. Do it for those reasons," he says. "Doing it for the money, you're always going to be disappointed – you'll never be happy."
Hone Your Craft
The age-old saying "practice makes perfect" applies to streaming in all forms. "Doing it is one thing," he says. "You need to be doing it a lot."
For D'Juan, he knew he wanted to bring comedy and community to his streams and made those some of his key focuses. "It's about having a community of people who have a comfortable place to be," he says. "This platform has the ability to connect people in ways that people really don't understand yet."
Deejay says that having a focus will keep your streams consistent and keep your audience invested in the content that you're producing; it also allows you to continually iterate and improve, rather than shifting gears constantly to try new things.
If you enjoy what you're doing, you'll never work a day in your life. D'Juan lives by this statement, and he strives to express his love for streaming into the way he interacts with his audience and the content he produces.
With standup comedy providing such a large inspiration for his humor, D'Juan references comedians like George Carlin, Chris Rock, and Dave Chapelle as the foundations for his comedic approach. "It's a whole lot easier to love what you're doing when you're having fun," he says.
From using soundboards to boost his quips, to augmenting his voice for a more impactful delivery (or just a goofy bit), D'Juan's unique arsenal of laugh-inducing tools has kept his audience entertained and engaged for years.
D'Juan's final tip is something that every burgeoning streamer needs to keep in mind – honesty. "It goes along with having fun because if you're being honest with yourself and your community there's never a question of trust," D'Juan explains. "They gotta trust you on some level to trust that what you're saying isn't bull."
In an age where follower counts can determine success or failure, being up front with your audience is vital to the livelihood of your brand. "If you lose someone's trust, you can expect that they won't come back," he says.
Honesty goes a long way on any social media platform and building a trusting community with your audience will keep them coming back time and time again.
To see these five tips in action, be sure to check out all of D'Juan's adventures on his Twitch channel.
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