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A Retrospective Analysis of Isoniazid-Monoresistant Tuberculosis: Among Iranian Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Mohammad Varahram, Mohammad Javad Nasiri*, Parissa Farnia, Mohadese Mozafari , Ali Akbar Velayati
Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Publisher Id: TOMICROJ-8-1
DOI: 10.2174/1874285801408010001
Received Date: 5/9/2013
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* Address correspondence to this author at the Mycobacteriology Research Centre, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tel: +98 21 27122259; Fax: +98 21 26109505; E-mail: mj.nasiri@sbmu.ac.ir
Background and objectives:
Isoniazid (INH) is one of the most potent anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. The spread and transmission of INH- resistant bacilli are likely to pose a significant problem for National TB control Program (NTP). In this study, we aimed to determine the trend of INH-monoresistant TB in Iran.
The susceptibility patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains that were isolated from clinical samples were retrospectively analyzed (January 2003-December 2011). Identification and drug susceptibility testing (DST) were performed using both conventional and molecular methods. The associated risk factors were assessed using the Chi-square test.
Out of 4825 culture-positive isolates, 6.1% were resistant to INH, with an increasing trend over the study period. The INH-monoresistance from 4.4 in 2003 reached to 9.4% in 2011. Among the studied risk factors, age was significantly associated with INH-monoresistance (p < 0.05).
The increased trend in INH-monoresistance underlines the need for greater enforcement of national TB control programs. In this regard, better management of TB cases, establishing advanced diagnostic facilities and use of standard treatment regimens are recommended to avoid further emergence of INH resistant cases.
Keywords: Drug resistance, isoniazid, Iran, Mycobacterium tuberculosis..
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Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as one of the most common infectious diseases in Iran. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence rate of TB in Iran was 21 cases per 100,000 people in the year 2012 [1]. Some important challenges for TB control strategies include the increasing prevalence and rapid distribution of drug-resistant TB. Recently, this concern has been further intensified by reports of extensively drug resistant (XDR) - and totally drug resistant-TB (TDR-TB) [2-5]. Although resistance to first and second line drugs poses the important risk to patients, resistance to isoniazid (INH) alone is also important. INH is the most potent anti-TB drug and is the main part of any first-line treatment regimen for TB [6]. Additionally, based on National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) in Iran, INH is the basis of treatment for latent TB infection. Loss of therapeutic efficacy of this important anti-TB drug has considerable implications for control strategies and potential for patients [7]. Treatment of patients infected with INH-monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains using standardized chemotherapy has been associated with increased risk of treatment failure and further acquired resistance, including new multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB) [8, 9]. Given the emergent role of INH in treatment strategies for TB cases, measuring the burden of INH resistant TB is regarded as one of the most important aspects of NTP. Till now, a few studies have documented INH-monoresistant TB in Iran. However, the exact magnitude of INH-monoresistant TB and associated risk factors is not well known in most parts of the country. Therefore, the present study was designed to provide the detailed pattern of INH-monores-istance trends in Iran and to determine risk factors associated with this kind of resistance.
This retrospective study was performed at the Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC). MRC is the part of National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD) and the only national reference TB laboratory of Iran which is supervised by Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control. In addition, MRC cooperates with Ministry of Health and Medical Education in order to improve the patient treatment. The study was approved by the ethics committee of MRC.
Study Populations
The classical information i.e., age, gender, nationality, place of birth and drug susceptibility testing (DST) patterns for each patient that was referred to MRC from January 2003 to December 2011was retrospectively analyzed.
Isolation of MTB
Clinical samples were first decontaminated by Petroff's method and the sediments were inoculated into Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media [10]. Bacterial isolates were identified as MTB complex using molecular methods, including spoligotyping and heat shock protein analysis as described elsewhere [11, 12].
Drug Susceptibility Testing
Over the study period, laboratory used two different methods for DST. From 2003 to 2008, DST of isolates to first-line anti-TB drugs was determined by the proportion method [13]. Resistance was expressed as the percentage of colonies that grew on critical concentrations of the drugs: 0.2µg/ml for INH, 2.0µg/ml for ethambutol, 4µg/ml for streptomycin and 40µg/ml for rifampicin. With advances in molecular technologies, the center adapted Multiplex Allele-Specific PCR for rapid screening of drug resistant strains (2009 to 2011) [14]. The identified strains with INH resistance showed in vitro resistance to INH using both proportional and molecular methods.
Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Associations of variable (age group, gender, nationality, place of residency) with the INH-monoresistance were assessed using Chi-square test. The Chi-square test was also used to evaluate the resistance trend by year of the report. p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
During the study period, a total of 4825 clinical isolates of TB were collected from different parts of Iran, of which 956 (19.8%) had complete demographic characteristics for analysis (Table 1). The mean age of study populations was 47.8 ±19.6 years. The male to female ratio was 65.6/34.4%. Among investigated cases, 81.4% were Iranian and 18.6% were Afghans. Based on patient clinical records, all 956 cases had previous history of treatment including those with incomplete treatment or treatment failure.
Table 1..
Demographic characterization of study populations in different parts of Iran.
No. of TB Cases (%)
North 100 (10.4) 57(12.4)<45 year
43(8.7)>45 year 21(6.4) Female
79(12.6) Male 97(12.5) Iranian
3(1.7) Immigrant
South 27 (2.8) 13(2.8)<45 year
17(2.7) Male 23(3.0) Iranian
East 232 (24.2) 81(17.6)<45 year
151(30.5)>45 year 109(33.1) Female
123(19.6) Male 199(25.6) Iranian
33(18.5) Immigrant
West 215 (22.4) 116(25.2)<45 year
99(20.0)>45 year 59(17.9) Female
10(5.6) Immigrant
Center 382 (40.0) 194(42.1)<45 year
128(71.9) Immigrant
Total 956 (100) 461(48.2) )<45 year
495 (51.8) >45 year 329(34.4) Female
627(65.6) Male 778 (81.4) Iranian
178 (18.6) Immigrant
Association of patient characteristics with isoniazid-monoresistance.
INH-monoresistant Trends Over the Study Period
As shown in the Fig. (1), despite periodic alteration, the rate of INH-monoresistant TB considerably increased from 2003(4.4%) to 2011(9.4%). In overall, during the last 9 years the trend of INH-monoresistance showed significant increase (p <0.001). During this time, of 4825 isolates for which DST was performed, 296 isolates (6.1%) were resistant to INH (Clinical and classical information were available for 90 INH-monoresistant cases).
Fig. (1).
Isoniazid-monoresistant TB in Iran, 2003 to 2011.
Risk Factors Associated with INH-monoresistant Cases
Classical analyses of 90 INH-monoresistant patients are shown in Table 2. The highest proportions of INH-monoresistant cases (62.3%) occurred in age above 45 years (p = 0.03). Geographically, most of the INH-monoresistant cases were from the central of Iran (45.5%) as compared to east (23.3%), west (15.5%), north (13.3%) and south (2.2%), respectively. However, the region of residency was not significantly associated with INH-monoresistance (P = 0.9). Similarly, the gender of patients and nationality showed insignificant association (p > 0.05).
After a hundred years of discovery of the tubercle bacilli, TB still remains one of the most challenging issues in global health. According to the latest report released by WHO, there were an estimated 8.6 million new cases of TB and 1.3 million TB-related deaths worldwide [15]. An important challenge for TB control is the emergence of strains that are resistant to the most potent anti-TB agents i.e. INH [16]. Resistance to INH is frequently associated with increased risk of treatment failures and acquiring new drug resistance. Therefore, measuring the burden of TB cases with resistance to INH is regarded as one of the most important aspects of NTP in Iran.
In this study, the overall rate of resistance to INH was 6.1%, with an increasing trend over the study period (Fig. 1). This rate of INH mono-resistant cases was higher than those of previous studies from Iran. During 2000–2003, Shamaei and others reported that 2.4% of TB isolates analyzed at NRITLD were resistant to INH [17]. Likewise, subsequent investigation observed nearly the same percentages: 2.6 and 3.6% for new TB cases and previously treated patients, respectively [18]. Our study also revealed high rates of INH-monoresistant TB compared with studies reported by neighboring countries i.e. Turkey [19].
According to WHO, Iran has a lowest incidence of TB (21 per 100000 populations) among its all neighbors, which revealed effective implementation of Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategies [1]. However, the increasing rates of resistance to INH indicate the existence of a number of problems in management of drug resistant cases in the country. In this regard, based on national commitment protocols for improving TB control services, seven regional laboratories with DST capacity have been established in the country. But, these laboratories are still under quality control and do not have proper facilities for patients admission. Consequently, TB cases have to come to the central labora-tory for further treatment and hospitalization. Furthermore, most of the INH-monoresistant patients in Iran are treated with standardized short course chemotherapy, despite the fact that treatment in these cases requires minor modifi-cations as recommended by WHO [8].
Our study also observed a significant increase in the rates of INH-monoresistant cases between 2009 and 2011 (Fig. 1). This observation could be explained by difference in the studied populations (previously treated cases) which are more likely to have drug resistant TB.
Furthermore, high rate of INH-monoresistant cases in our study was seen in the center and eastern province of Iran i.e. Sistan-Baluchestan and Khorasan Razavi. These provinces are densely populated and seriously affected in terms of economy and public health status. Additionally, long borders (1500 km) with high-TB burden countries (Afghanistan and Pakistan), have made these provinces a natural route for TB transmission. In this respect, the existence of extended borders and immigrations has been suggested as important risk factors for increased prevalence of drug resistant-TB in these regions. Although, in the current survey, we did not find any significant association between drug resistant-TB and nationality, the risk of cross-bordering should be taken into consideration.
Another notable finding in our study was association of drug resistant-TB and patients age. An analysis of drug-resistant-TB in United States, Germany and Pakistan identified younger age as an important risk factor for INH-resistant cases [20-22]. However, in the present study age above 45 years was significantly associated with INH-monoresistant-TB. This result could reflect the fact that previously treated cases with drug resistant TB occurred mainly among older people.
An important limitation of this study was that the result cannot fully represent the prevalence of drug resistant TB in the Iran because the magnitude of drug resistance is not yet known in many areas of the country.
In conclusion, we report an increasing trend in INH-monoresistant-TB in Iran. The increased trend underscores the need for greater enforcement of TB control programs. In this regard, better management of TB cases, establishing advanced diagnostic methods and use of standard treatment regimens are strongly recommended to avoid further emergence of INH resistant cases.
The authors confirm that this article content has no conflicts of interest.
The study was supported by National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease-Tehran-Iran.
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[3] Velayati AA, Masjedi MR, Farnia P , et al. Emergence of new forms of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis bacillisuper extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis or totally drug-resistant strains in Iran. Chest J 2009; 136: 420-5.
[4] Velayati AA, Farnia P, Masjedi MR. Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis (TDR-TB): A debate on global health communities. Int J Mycobacteriol 2013.
[5] Velayati AA, Farnia P, Masjedi MR. Letter to Editor The totally drug resistant tuberculosis (TDR-TB). Int J Clin Exp Med 2013; 6: 307-09.
[6] Wright A, Zignol M, Van Deun A , et al. Epidemiology of antituberculosis drug resistance 2002-07: an updated analysis of the global project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance. Lancet 2009; 373: 1861-73.
[7] Rieder HL. Interventions for tuberculosis control and elimination international union against tuberculosis and lung disease paris. 2002.
[8] Falzon D, Jaramillo E, Schünemann H , et al. WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: 2011 update. Eur Respir J 2011; 38: 516-28.
[9] Menzies D, Benedetti A, Paydar A , et al. Standardized treatment of active tuberculosis in patients with previous treatment and/or with mono-resistance to isoniazid: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000150.
[10] Petroff S. A new and rapid method for the isolation and cultivation of tubercle bacilli directly from the sputum and feces. J Exp Med 1915; 21: 38-42.
[11] Kamerbeek J, Schouls L, Kolk A , et al. Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 907-14.
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[13] Rieder HL, Chonde TM, Myking H , et al. The public health service national tuberculosis reference laboratory and the national laboratory network minimum requirements role and operation in a low-income country. PrisFrance International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) 1998.
[14] Velayati AA, Farnia P, Mozafari M , et al. High prevelance of rifampin-monoresistant Tuberculosis: A retrospective analysis among iranian pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90(1): 99-105.
[15] World Health Organization (WHO). Global tuberculosis report 2013.
[16] Sotgiu G, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L , et al. Do we need a new Fleming époque: The nightmare of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Mycobacteriol 2013; 2: 123-25.
[17] Shamaei M, Marjani M, Chitsaz E , et al. First-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance patterns and trends at the national TB referral center in Iran-eight years of surveillance. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13: e236-40.
[18] Merza MA, Farnia P, Tabarsi P , et al. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance and associated risk factors in a tertiary level TB center in Iran: a retrospective analysis. J Infect Dev Ctries 2011; 5: 511-19.
[19] Dispensary AT, Street I. Drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in western Turkey: prevalence. clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. Ann Saudi Med 2005; 25: 313-18.
[20] Hoopes AJ, Kammerer JS, Harrington TA, Ijaz K, Armstrong LR. Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis in the United States. 1993 to 2003. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1984.
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Passing on dangerous naked explosives: the state of multiple antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Cape Coast, Ghana.
The dynamisms involved in bacterial drug resistance, emergence and spread of multiple antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Ghana are poorly understood. The current state of antibiotic resistance is gradually becoming alarming. To make matters worse, the factors that drive the transmission of antibiotic resistance among organisms in Ghana are still poorly understood. The isolation of multi-antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae to ß-lactams, the first, second and third generation cephalosporins from circulating coin currencies and meat sources in Cape Coast, Ghana, is a major concern as it poses a serious threat to the entire healthcare system. E. coli, Enterobacter spp, Shigella spp, Klebsiellaspp, Pseudomonas spp, and Proteus spp showed resistance to second and third generation cephalosporins, an effective antibiotic against Enterobacteriaceae species. There is a possibility that this extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in circulation will spread rapidly with limited timely treatment to curb the infections. These microbes cause a range of infections including acute diarrhoea, respiratory infection, urinary tract infections (UTI), bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and lung abscess. The easy spread of this multi-antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae through contact with contaminated surfaces and by person-to-person contact makes it major public health concern as it has a high implication on the health facilities of the region which have limited resources. The isolation of MDR Enterobacteriaceae from circulating coin currencies and meat sources gives an indication of an individual's multiple points of contact with these pathogens during daily routines, risk of infection and possible transmission to another person. The impending danger of possible outbreak of multiple ESBL-E resistant strains requires immediate public health measures to circumvent an epidemic outbreak in Ghana. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of ESBL-E transmission would be essential in providing permanent control measures to deal with drug resistance in Ghana. Personal hygiene and proper handling of currencies are encouraged to mitigate the spread of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Malaysia is facing many challenges caused by various parasitic pathogens. The lack of awareness among disadvantaged populations such as the Orang Asli community and the dependency on foreign workers has led to an influx of immigrants to Malaysia from countries endemic with various parasitic diseases. Amoebiasis is mainly encountered in poor rural areas in Malaysia, however it has the potential to re-emerge. Routine mass-drug administration on newly arriving foreign workers and health education programs are needed to prevent its re-emergence.
Researchers from MAHSA University in Malaysia have published a review on the epidemiology of various parasitic diseases in the country over the last 20 years. The report has been published in The Open Microbiology Journal. The report stresses that Malaysian authorities must implement strategies that provide better water treatment to avoid the emergence of blastocystis. Lymphatic filariasis has the potential to re-emerge due to its easy mode of transmission as well as the presence of a large number of immigrant workers in Malaysia from endemic countries. To prevent the emergence of giardiasis in Malaysia, a multidisciplinary approach is required to determine the level of water contamination with Giardia as well as Cryptosporidium. The epidemiology of malaria is becoming more complex in Malaysia. There is a shift towards infections among men and adults rather than women and children. Therefore, the ministry of health should raise public awareness and the use of point-of-care diagnostics.
Malaysia harbors a large variety of ecological niches that favor the transmission of Toxoplasma spp. Which has led to an increase in the incidence of toxoplasmosis. Therefore, surveillance programs should be initiated to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. The existence of human trypanosomiasis from neighboring Thailand and reporting cases in cattle from neighboring Indonesia, can all lead to its emergence in Malaysia. Parasitic infectious diseases will continue to appear in Malaysia leading to unpredictable outbreaks that challenge healthcare personnel and emphasize the urgent need for effective surveillance and control measures. Despite the challenges, Malaysia is strongly committed to curb the spread of these diseases.
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Płazowina – powierzchnia leśna z rzadkimi drzewami, pozostałymi po drzewostanie, który z różnych powodów uległ nadmiernemu przerzedzeniu. Zgodnie z Instrukcją Urządzania Lasu jest to drzewostan II klasy wieku o zadrzewieniu do 0,3 włącznie, albo drzewostan III i wyższych klas wieku o zadrzewieniu do 0,2 włącznie. Płazowina jest zjawiskiem niepożądanym  w gospodarce leśnej.

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Marína Makropoúlou (, née Marina Pogorevici le  à Ploiești en Roumanie) est une joueuse d'échecs roumaine puis grecque.

Biographie et carriè-re
Grand maître international féminin depuis 1981, elle a remporté le championnat de Roumanie en 1984 et huit fois le championnat de Grèce (en 1990, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2007 et 2011).

Elle est la fille de la grand maître international féminine roumaine Maria Albuleț et est affiliée à la fédération grecque depuis 1987.

Au , elle est la sixième joueuse grecque avec un classement Elo de .

Championnats du monde
Marína Makropoúlou a participé à deux tournois interzonaux féminins :
 en 1982, elle finit septième du tournoi remporté par Nona Gaprindashvili ;
 en 1990, elle finit treizième de l'interzonal féminin remporté à nouveau par Nona Gaprindashvili.

Compétitions par équipe
Avec la Grèce, Marína Makropoúlou a remporté la médaille d'argent par équipe lors de l'Olympiade d'échecs de 1982, ainsi que la médaille de bronze individuelle au deuxième échiquier.

Avec la Grèce, elle a participé à quinze olympiades féminines de 1982 à 2014.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en décembre 1960
Joueuse grecque d'échecs
Joueuse roumaine d'échecs
Personnalité grecque née d'un parent roumain


Are you looking for information about Doaba College, Jalandhar and finding out about where it is located? Check this post to know more about where the college is present, what courses are being offered and how to get in touch with the college authorities and the campus representative of Doaba College, Jalandhar in Vidyalay Marg, Jalandhar 144 001.
You may write a review for the college 'Doaba College, Jalandhar' and earn revenue.
1. Doaba College, Jalandhar is Affiliated to GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY, AMRITSAR AND NOT PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY.
2. Doaba college has been accredited with A+ grade by UGC-NAAC.
3. Doaba college was one of the first 22 colleges to get A+ grade by NAAC.
4. The college was established in 1941.
5. Lord Swraj Paul, Film Producer Yash Chopra, Sh. Prem Kumar Dhumal, CM, Himachal Pradesh are among its illustrous alumni.
6. Doaba College offers all latest and tradition degree courses.
7. official web site is www.doabacollege.net.
8. doaba college has an exlusive placement cell providing 100% placement assistance to the students.
9. Doaba college scored 54 top positions in session 2008-2009.
10. Infrastructure of Doaba college especially in Depatment of computer sc. & I.T. is among the best in punjab.


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We love the sound of breaking glass
By Highway's Philip Milburn gets nostalgic about windscreen replacement 2000-04-27T00:00:00+01:00
In 1973, flares and kipper ties were the height of fashion, Sunderland beat Leeds in the FA Cup Final, and a song called American Pie was in the hit parade. In the same year, the idea of a national network specialising in roadside windscreen replacement was new. After a few short years, a concept that had been seen as highly innovative, soon became the norm, and the companies that had quickly sprung up began looking for newer pastures.
Some diversified into commercial and domestic glazing, and this move was to prove a master-stroke as insurers developed strategies for improving levels of customer care that had massive implications for glazing firms.
As service within the industry is again under the microscope, all of these big players are happy to put their reputation, and their policyholders' satisfaction, into one company's hands.
This can only happen when the relationship between insurer and supplier is built on trust, and there is little doubt that every time a glass fitter visits a policyholder, he or she is trusted with the responsibility of promoting that insurer's brand values.
Costs and expenses remain as critical now as ever, and using a single supplier for glass, frame, and lock damage has a number of knock-on effects on the final cost of a claim. Insurers can immediately expect to see a saving in their total outlay simply because of the scale of work being placed with one source.
Insurers should expect uniform costs across the country, with no variance in charges whether the work is carried out in Exeter or Edinburgh. This means that they can accurately estimate their liability for the forthcoming year.
Equally, as prices are agreed up front for the different specifications of work, insurers can be confident that the full amount of any excess will be recovered and that any suggestion of betterment at the insurer's expense will be resisted.
Brand protection is vital to companies who have spent millions of pounds and several years, building trust among brokers and policyholders about the way in which they operate and the service they offer. It is vital that any contact with the policyholder reflects these values, and establishing a close working relationship with one supplier can mean the difference between policyholders renewing or not. Highway Glass is one company that has developed rigorous service standards to support and complement insurers' brand values.
Technical expertise is another area that develops hand in hand with the scale of work undertaken. A significant number of policyholders have been the victims of burglary or vandalism and, therefore, it's absolutely vital that they are handled sensitively. The fitter will often be one of the first people on the scene and needs to have been trained to help householders who have been traumatised by the incident.
At the end of the claim process, it will be the insurance company that is remembered for such caring service and the benefit to them will be retained or renewed business.
It is often the small gestures that make a huge difference. Lending a sympathetic ear to a traumatised policyholder, or cleaning up efficiently when the job is finished, goes a long way to delight rather than just satisfy the customer.
As the insurance industry takes increasing advantage of the technology available to it, the next development must surely be for glass companies to use systems to improve the service that insurers can give to their brokers and customers.
Highway Glass is developing a facility that allows the insurer, and ultimately the policyholder, to pass a new lead via email. In the case of policyholders, they will register claims via their insurer's website and that will be linked to Highway's site.
Glass replacement has come a long way since its first windscreen, but then so too has the public perception of what to expect from its insurance company. And insurers have come to rely on big name suppliers for replacement white and brown goods.
Different companies operate to varying standards and the emergency glazing trade is no different.
I can reassure the industry, though, that the leading companies not only understand the three-way relationship between insurer, broker and customer, but they are continuously seeking ways to enhance it.
Will new driver restrictions slash claims payouts?
Government proposals are positive news for the insurance industry still reeling from the reduced Ogden rate rise
FCA proposes forcing insurers into signposting customers with pre-existing medical conditions
Proposals - which are out for consultation until September - drew criticism from the ABI
Inquiry criticises Ecclesiastical for handling of child sexual abuse claim
Advice came to light despite originally being redacted by the insurer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Editor's Choice How I launched my search for business funding
How I launched my search for business funding
Ferry Hunt, pictured above, is looking to raise funding for his business through crowdfunding. In this column, he looks at the various options in the marketplace.
If you're looking for funding for a new business venture there are a number options, there always has been. You can reach out to the bank, your friends and family, or simply invest in yourself. With the proliferation of the internet however, online services are increasingly sought for investment. Crowdfunding exploded in popularity back in 2000 with DonorChoose.org, and more recently Kickstarter and Indiegogo, but it has been around since the dawn of the modern economy, with military bonds, and publishers raising funds for authors. We found that the best way to check a product's popularity is by making the idea available, and seeing if people will pay for its success. If you're purely checking for popularity Kickstarter is the best route, and the route we took too.
We have developed a Mystery UK that organises secret events for budding London explorers. We've found that ticket prices in London are often too high, last-minute bookings are difficult, and it's tricky to find new things to do too. After doing some hefty market research we found that most people don't feel they try new things often enough, and wanted to do something about it. So we've made that easy by organising a secret event once a month, and telling the subscriber only where and when, and they're rewarded for trying something new.
Despite this revealing market research, we wanted to post our project on a crowdfunding platform to test its true appeal. Kickstarter made the most sense, as in return for pledges, customers receive rewards rather than any form of financial ROI or equity. So if we didn't trigger enough interest, we'd be no worse off and move onto a different project. If you don't make your funding goal, then no one is charged, and no one is any the poorer.
When Kickstarter launched in 2009 it gathered a tremendous community of people wanting to assist new projects, and campaign for their own. But over the last eight years its community has spread to other platforms that are becoming increasingly prolific. Not only has internet usage sky rocketed since then, internet behaviours have changed too; back in 2009 almost 100% of internet usage was from desktops, but today they're used equally. With that, the social media influence has bred a number of online communities and alternatives to Kickstarter. This means that rather than being able to rely on the Kickstarter community to raise your funds, you have to set yourself aside from the masses of campaigns by funding your own PR.
When you first launch your campaign it's super easy, you need minimal details and have to pass minimal checks, you're online within a few days. As soon as you're online, you're bombarded with companies reaching out to assist with your campaign. Companies offer far reaching social media campaigns, digital advertising, brand management and general PR assistance all at varying fees. You will likely ignore the dozens of emails you receive a day, thinking they're surplus to requirements, but you will, like we did, soon realise they're essential for a functioning campaign.
We're still really excited about our campaign, and are awaiting the implementation of some of the PR measures we've put in place to go live. We're going to be trying out a number of different options, and letting you know how well they do.
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I'm delighted to let readers know that EPAA, The Executive and Personal Assistants Association, has asked me to serve as keynote speaker at a significant upcoming event.
As you'll see above, EPAA and Adam Fidler Academy are offering an Executive PA Development & Training Day in Manchester, England this September 27th. The focus is on the strategic, and you can find full details by clicking here.
Whether you've already moved from a transactional admin. professional role to a strategic one, or are working toward such a shift in your career, you'll find this a day very well invested. I'll be presenting along with some other well known names, as follows.
Will we see you in Manchester?
Congratulations Shelagh, I'm excited for the admins in Manchester to hear you! All the best!
Good to hear from you, BJ, and thanks very much! I'm looking forward to presenting to this great group of admin. professionals.


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title: "Curly hair drawn in sepia tones"
excerpt: "PaperFaces portrait of @tylerflowers drawn with Paper by 53 on an iPad."
image:
  feature: paperfaces-tylerflowers-twitter-lg.jpg
  thumb: paperfaces-tylerflowers-twitter-150.jpg
tags: [portrait, illustration, Paper by 53]
---

PaperFaces portrait of [@tylerflowers](http://twitter.com/tylerflowers).

{% include boilerplate/paperfaces.html %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Deep Politics Forum › Deep Politics Forum › Drugs
Mexican President's Guard Leaked Secrets To Drug Cartels
A Mexican army officer assigned to guard President Felipe Calderon leaked military intelligence to drug cartels, trained hit men and supplied military weapons to Los Zetas, according to a U.S. Embassy cable recently released by Wikileaks. The U.S. Embassy cable, dated Jan. 20, 2009, says the case was the most serious security breach during the Calderon presidency and indicates that Mexico's powerful drug cartels have infiltrated large parts of the security apparatus.
One of the main reasons that the Mexican government relies on the army to fight the cartels is because the military is thought to be less corrupt than state and local police forces.
The document says Mexican officials had "sought to downplay the seriousness of the breach."
Calderon lashed out at senior American diplomats Tuesday, saying their "ignorance has translated into a distortion of what is happening in Mexico." He accused U.S. agencies of not doing enough to help Mexico combat the drug cartels.
"The institutional cooperation ends up being notoriously insufficient," Calderon told El Universal.
The comments were Calderon's first public criticism of the U.S. in response to a recent Wikileaks cable dump that highlights U.S. concerns over the depth of Mexico's drug-related problems.
His remarks came as mourners gathered for the funeral of a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent who was shot and killed by Los Zetas hitmen in Mexico last week. The incident threatens to further strain cross-border relations.
http://www.businessinsider.com/wikileaks...els-2011-2
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The Afghan War: "No Blood for Opium" The Hidden Military Agenda is to Protect the Drug Trade Magda Hassan 7 10,302 07-06-2014, 12:53 PM
America's Mexican Border Wars Tosh Plumlee 288 110,104 10-02-2013, 09:50 AM
Obama Warned [He] Now Heads World's Most Dangerous Drug Cartel Ed Jewett 0 2,700 18-10-2011, 05:19 AM
FBI Says Drug Trafficking at Boeing is No Big Deal Magda Hassan 1 2,570 13-10-2011, 04:18 AM
U.S. Drug Policy Would Be Imposed Globally By New House Bill Ed Jewett 3 3,582 10-10-2011, 06:52 AM
TSA officers arrested on drug charges in Conn. Ed Jewett 0 2,142 14-09-2011, 02:41 AM
Russia Offers Steps To Fight Drug Production In Afghanistan Ed Jewett 0 2,064 05-09-2011, 11:02 PM
The Power(s) Behind Afghan Heroin & the Real Profiteers of the International Drug Trade Magda Hassan 0 2,182 29-08-2011, 03:49 PM
Last Post: Magda Hassan
Designer Drug Behind Rash of Deaths ; Bath Salts Bernice Moore 0 2,434 20-07-2011, 05:11 PM
Last Post: Bernice Moore


5 animated Android Wear watch faces worth trying Give your smartwatch some extra pizazz with these fun animated faces for Android Wear.The Fallout Pip-Boy app for Fallout 4 makes playing with your Pip-Boy on your phone a reality. Watch the video to hear our thoughts after using it.I give you my improved Fallout PipBoy Android theme!. any chance of a classic pipboy theme from the original fallouts. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v.1-16 of 38 results for "pipboy 3000". Get your own functioning Pip-Boy Model 3000 Mk IV replica that pairs up. Android Theme Oct 19, 2015. by Nate Wren.UPDATE 6/23 3:05 PM: The Fallout 4 Pip Boy Edition is back in stock at Gamestop,. Yes, You're Still Gonna Watch This Goddamn Super Bowl. Today 2:56pm. - Refresh line completely reworked and fixed! - New refresh line type: black distorsion! - New "please stand by" ambient screen! - Changed default settings in Pip-Boy.
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Download Pip-Boy Watchface [10 in 1] and all apk mirror version history for Android.Here we provide Pipboy WatchFace 1.0 APK file for Android 2.3.2+ or Blackberry. Download pipboy watch face app here You will not see it in your app drawer.
Highly customizable fan-made Pip-Boy 3000 watch face for Android Wear. Designed to give your Android Wear device the unmistakable look and feel of a Pip-Boy 3000.Download Pip-Boy Watchface [10 in 1].APK For Android. Pip-Boy Watchface [10 in 1] minar.wmwatch.pipboy. 0 / 5. the watchface will appear in "my watches" section!.My Pipboy 3000. This video is unavailable. Watch Queue Queue.
Fallout 4 Pipboy Watch Face Round - WatchMaker for Android Wear, iPhone, Samsung Gear S2 & S3, Huawei, Moto 360, LG G Series!. Here are the best smartwatches available for Android and iOS users, as well as release dates for the most exciting new smartwatches.Unofficial watchface based one the Pipboy interface from Fallout 4. Tabs replaced with weather information, Agenda, real-time map location, Phone Battery, Watch.
Wareable's expert pick of the best, hottest Android Wear smartwatches. We've tested every Android watch to find the perfect smartwatch companions for you.With its ability to push Android notifications to your wrist, the Sony SmartWatch 2 is more. standard watch bands. The Bad The Sony SmartWatch 2 is.
Fallout's Pip-Boy 3000 like themed watch face for Android Wear devices. Specially for Fallout fans. Supports all-known Android wear devices Contains two watchfaces.


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Great Books Foundation rolls out digital platform
Written by Wyatt Kash
Sep 1, 2016 | EDSCOOP
Educators who know how to spark student conversations around classic books can vouch for how the process can improve reading comprehension and literacy.
Now Great Books Foundation, a longtime provider of classroom reading and discussion materials, hopes to modernize that process with the launch next week of a new digital platform aimed at helping teachers easily track student progress and enabling students to complete homework and quizzes online.
"What we've got is a fairly robust platform that allows students and teachers to aggregate and share questions about a text," said Joe Coulson, president of Great Books Foundation.
"But in addition, they can pull passages out, aggregate them in a separate list and then share those lists with notes" before, during or after class, he said.
Coulson told EdScoop the new technology platform doesn't merely post materials online, but takes the underlying principles of shared inquiry, critical thinking and discussion, and extends them into today's digitally interactive teaching environment.
"We've had e-books for some time, and have had downloadable PDF documents," he said.
But in rethinking how to move forward into the digital classroom, Coulson said the foundation debated, "Do we want a platform to be a sophisticated tool around these [e-book] functions, or around the ability to extend the creative and active thinking and inquiry-based process — the idea of being able to extend the conversations?" He said they chose the latter.
The result is an online platform that lets teachers set up a set class roster, create a reading plan and establish various types of homework. But it also gives teachers the ability to track reading progress and compare the number of notes shared. And it allows them to post additional information, related to the texts, including videos and open resource content. The platform is easily available online, using any web browser.
The new digital platform is slated to launch Sept. 6, and will initially feature three books, each containing a collection of digitally licensed stories and discussion tools, for grades 3 to 5. The books will be priced at $15.95 per student. The teacher's edition will be priced at $90.95.
Three more books are planned for the springtime and more books are in the works for higher grades, Coulson said.
blended learning, education IT News, Great Books Foundation, Open Educational Resources (OER)


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The Challenges for Muslim Minority Communities in Modern-Day Europe – 2
By Web Admin on April 28, 2014 • ( 4 Comments )
Murray Hill*
Part Two: Challenges and identity issues for subsequent generations of European Muslims. Part 1 can be viewed at here.
Idstein, April 28, 2014 (Alochonaa): Muslim activists need to become much more media-savvy, however, in order to combat the stream of negative images of Islam which regularly dominate the headlines, as noted by Robinson (1999, 1-4) and a good attempt to redress the balance was made by Masood in his 2006 British Muslims. Media Guide, which was published with the support of the British Council. As 3rd and 4th generation Muslims increasingly begin to enter the professions, there may be a better representation of journalists and media personnel to better reflect issues (although it may be some time before the BBC might front its TV news bulletins with a newscaster wearing hijab).
There have been many attempts to represent Muslims in a national UK context, resulting in a confusing variety of national organisations with considerable sectarian diversity, and with varying degrees of legitimacy. Kalim Siddiqui, for example attempted – unsuccessfully — to establish a Muslim Parliament in the UK, claiming inspiration from the Prophet who "showed us how to generate the political power of Islam in a minority situation and how to nurse … it until the creation of an Islamic state and the victory of Islam over all its opponents" (Lewis 2002, 53). Legitimate efforts to politicise can become blurred, however, with Muslim extremists' attempts to act as spokespersons which can prove to be "a great disservice". Tibi cites here Omar Bakri's claim made in a BBC television interview that Muslims in Europe "are all Osama bin Laden" (Tibi 2002, 43).
In 1990, however, the Islamic Society of Britain was established, while in 1998 the MCB (Muslim Council of Britain) became the largest umbrella body with 380 affiliates and was initially patronised by the New Labour government. It is, according to Vertovec, "arguably the most successful effort at Muslim unification in Britain" (Vertovec 2002, 22). The aims of MCB include:
promoting consensus and co-operation in the community, giving voice to issues of common concern, removing disadvantages and discrimination faced by Muslims, fostering a better appreciation of Islam. With a view to representing all British Muslims, MCB lobbies government departments (especially the Home Office), organizes public events attended by key figures (including the prime minister), holds consultations with public bodies such as the Metropolitan police and with newspaper editors and journalists, issues press statements on a variety of contemporary issues, publishes a regular newsletter, and maintains a multilevel website. Its primary aims are to change negative public images and attitudes towards Muslims and to campaign for an end to the myriad forms of religious discrimination that characterise the notion of Islamophobia. (Vertovec 2002, 22)
The MCB's affiliate organisation, the MAB (Muslim Association of Britain) went on to co-organise with the Stop the War Coalition, the largest public demonstration in British history in protest at the Iraq War.
Islamaphobia:
Life for Muslims living in the UK is complex, and matters are made worse by ongoing "Islamaphobia," an attitude which ostracizes the Muslim populace as second class citizens. Hostility towards Muslims was highlighted by the Runnymede Trust's 1997 report: Islamaphobia: a Challenge for Us All, and also confirmed by the 2006 report from the EUMC (European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia) on Muslims in the European Union. Discrimination and Islamophobia. These document increasing incidences of attacks on Muslims, but also, worryingly, the "deepening receptivity of society to such attacks" (Runnymede 2006, 54). Recently published Danish cartoon caricatures of the Prophet Mohammad were also deemed by many to be irresponsible.
The vilification and victimisation of Muslims in the UK has been possible because of the exploitation of a loophole in Race Relations legislation, exemplified by right wing groups like the British National Party (BNP) in their vitriolic campaign literature entitled "The Truth about I.S.L.A.M.". The acronym is spelled out by the BNP as "Intolerance, Slaughter, Looting, Arson and Molestation of Women". Modood notes, "the courts do not accept that Muslims are an ethnic group (even though, oddly, Jews and Sikhs are recognised as such) (Modood 2002, 114). Racial discrimination is outlawed, but religious discrimination in the UK is not (although blasphemy laws do protect Christianity from abuse). South Asians cannot be attacked overtly on account of their ethnicity, but Muslims are not protected against attacks on their "Muslimness". There is simply a transfer of race to religion as a 'marker' for hatred and hostility. In short, "it is still lawful to discriminate against Muslims as Muslims" (Modood 2002, 114). It is understandable, then, that there have been periods of rising tension and there were serious disturbances, in particular, in clashes between Muslim and non-Muslim youth in towns such as Oldham and Bradford in 2001.
Young Muslims/Education
Modood rightly notes that "equality means not having to hide or apologize for one's origins, family or community. There is both the right i) to assimilate to the majority/dominant culture in the public sphere, and toleration of "difference" in the private sphere and ii) to have one's "difference" recognized and supported in the public and the private spheres" (Modood 2002, 115). It is clear that young Muslims in particular, as they become more visible than the 1st migrant settler generation, need to establish themselves in the public space and to channel resistance to overt hostility in effective ways. Khurram Murad's essay in 1986 'Muslim Youth in the West: Towards a new educational strategy' sums up the frustration of many young Muslims:
Should … we accept to live as a grudgingly accepted minority sub-culture, always under siege, always struggling to retain the little niche it has been allowed to carve out for itself? That perhaps is the destiny to which most of us seem resigned. (Lewis 2002, 110)
Raza has argued that there is a clear need for Muslims to organize politically, and that "political education should be imparted to the younger generation of Muslims, but there are no institutions opened by Muslims where such political education can be imparted" (Raza 1993, 34). This has allowed a potential vacuum to be filled by student extremist organisations, according to Husein in his autobiographical book The Islamist. Furthermore, there have not been enough positive role models of Muslims active politically in the public domain – "the main reason is that they have limited political skills, perhaps because Muslims lack command of the English language and oratory powers (…) as well as lack grass-root influence, networks and organisation (Raza 1993, 34). While language may indeed have been an issue for many 1st generation migrants, this no longer holds true for subsequent generations of more articulate Muslim native speakers of English.
Education remains a key battleground, with low levels of qualifications among Pakistani and Bangladeshi school leavers, but there is a slow increase in participation in Higher Education. The issue is so crucial that it triggered, in 1981, the creation of the Bradford Council of Mosques. Mainstream schools had been essentially monocultural and monolingual, and although Muslims had become "culturally self-sufficient" in most other areas, appropriate education provision was regarded by Muslims as a "main leak" in their self-contained system.
Lewis describes the impact of residential clustering on school catchment areas in Bradford. In 1991, there were largely four Muslim-intake secondary schools adjacent to core Muslim residential areas, representing 50% of Muslim pupils; the other 50% were spread across 17 other upper schools. We can see this in terms of 'primary' and 'secondary' socialisation. Primary socialisation derives from interaction with immediate family, the mosque and Muslim peers; secondary socialisation derives from schooling and other interaction with non-Muslims. A pragmatic balance may sometimes be struck. Thus the BCM, for example, helped the education authority to fend off the Muslim Parents Association attempt to seek control of a number of schools through voluntary-aided status, but gained leverage to retain 2 single-sex girls' schools instead of merging them into dual sex comprehensives.
It is only very recently that a long-standing campaign secured state-funding for 5 out of the over 80 independent Muslim faith schools in the UK. This compares to state funding of 7,000 Church of England and Catholic schools, also extended to Jewish schools. Interestingly, the campaign has been supported by both practising and secular Muslims although, according to Modood's 'Fourth Survey', only half of Muslims who support funding of Muslim schools would prefer to send their own children there (Modood 2002, 122).
Mosques also play a key role in education. They aim to provide training, through the guidance of religious teachers – the 'ulama. There are serious challenges, however, in terms of the availability of appropriate 'ulama, many of whom struggle with English and the UK cultural environment. This is because the majority continue to be recruited from South Asia, although two training seminaries have been successfully established near Bradford. The Dewsbury seminary, founded in 1980, delivers its Islamic Studies and British state curriculum in both Urdu and English and is now beginning to provide 'home-grown' 'ulama, who spend six or seven years of Islamic study, including hifz class to acquire the title of hafiz, i.e. those who know the Qur'an by heart. A similar development could be observed more recently in Germany with the establishment of Germany's first imam training centre in 2012 by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Islamic reform congregation in the federal state of Hessen. At higher education level in the UK, the way Islam is taught has been the subject of much criticism and this has led to major academic studies being conducted (El-Awaisi & Nye, 2006; HEFCE LLAS Report, 2008). Efforts to redress the balance include the noteworthy Masters programme in Islamic Studies offered by the Scottish based Al-Maktoum College. This UAE-funded initiative was established initially to generate the next generation of young scholars — Muslim and non-Muslim – and to facilitate a platform to enhance the debate of Islamic issues in the 21st century.
Language also impacts in terms of the literature used in the mosques. There is a rich tradition of Urdu works which continue to be used, but increasingly there is a need for English-language literature as 3rd generation Muslims' command of Urdu becomes less assured. There is however resistance by some elders to jumma prayers on Friday being conducted in English. One example of how this need has been met is the Islamic Foundation, which was established in 1973 as the publishing & research wing of Jama'at-i Islami in Britain and is now a huge multilingual publishing business.
The inter-generational divide is highlighted by Raza –- "the older generation lives in a world of its own" (1993, 40) –- when he argues that mosques have failed to deliver beyond "providing a place for prayer and other rituals" (1993, 41). Specifically, "the community has failed to create an attractive Islamic environment or make mosques into community centres where the younger generation can meet other Muslims socially" (Raza 1993, 58). In consequence, "they are forced to evolve their own Islamic identities as best they can from existing resources which may be limited or non-existent" (Raza 1993, 58). Modood thus argues that "local authorities should provide appropriately sensitive policies and staff (…) for example, fund(ing) Muslim community centers or Muslim youth workers in addition to the existing Asian and Caribbean community centers and existing Asian and black youth workers" (Modood 2002, 124).
In particular, young girls suffer from the fact that many mosques exclude women, some on the pretext that they are unable to provide wudu ablution facilities, but others simply because they adhere to the view that women should best pray at home (which many would consider simply a culturally paternalistic distortion of Islam). Thus, Ahmad observes:
The mosques no longer serve the community…They are almost wholly male institutions. No wonder so many British born Muslim women/girls grow up detesting Islam. (Raza 1993, 39).
Interestingly, Raza also notes the problems for indigenous white converts (or 'reverts') to Islam, who also may lack confidence in finding their place in the mosque, as the experience of one Muslim revert suggests:
You walk into a mosque and every head turns slowly and blatantly stare at you, suspicion oozing towards you (…) you realise that they are not looking at a fellow Muslim, they are looking at a white man who has intruded on the Asian ghetto. (Raza 1993, 72)
The organisational development of young Muslims has seen a number of initiatives. Faith issues, for example, were promoted by Islamic Youth Movement (IYM), whose activities included national camps hosted at the Lake District. "Scottish Muslim Futures", organised by Scottish Islamic Foundation and co-sponsored by the Scottish government in 2008, is also a recent example of the kind of community outreach events which were unheard of for 1st generation Muslims. The programme flier outlines myriad range of issues affecting the Muslim (and non-Muslim) community: global economic crisis, media, health, sport, enterprise, policing, families in crisis, youth, scouting, education, environment, women, the peace movement, the role of mosques.
Social issues which seem more familiar to Western teen magazines have also been covered by the IYM successor Young Muslims UK youth movement in their glossy magazine TRENDS. "Agony aunt" columns focused, for example, on "masturbation, Islamic position on watching TV, girl friends, Western clothes, religious freedom, women's rights, divorce, polygamy and contraception". (Lewis 2002, 109) Solutions offered are likely to differ markedly by those offered by Western magazines, however. Lewis cites one questioner in TRENDS, who had considered leaving Islam and had heard about the apparent consequences of 'apostasy'. The editorial response noted that "the punishment of death is applicable in an Islamic society, but suggested that this did not apply in the UK, where Islam "is not established" (Lewis 2002, 192).
Faith in Europe
European Muslim minorities continue to struggle to assert their socioeconomic, religious and political identities, but the question of permanence is no longer an issue. Ramadan notes five main points of agreement, namely: the right to practise Islam, the right to knowledge, the right to found organizations, the right to autonomous representation and the right to appeal to the law (1999: 135-6).At a more profound philosophical level, however, Ramadan considers the more fundamental question as to how Muslims should consider the question of how to live in the European space. The thrust of his argument is that, while legal safeguards assure the long-term presence of Muslims in Europe, the confident Muslim personality has yet to fully blossom (1999:138). Impediments remain regarding the nourishment of spiritual life in what is a secular public space.
How education within a secular environment can properly foster Muslim identity remains an issue yet to be resolved within English society. These and other issues were examined recently by the author in a study of young UK Muslim professionals, their contemporary attitudes and identities (Hill 2009). The study suggested that a clear majority of young UK Muslim professionals were generally confident individuals, secure in the belief that they feel valued by mainstream UK society, but who feel misrepresented by the UK media and who also sense a degree of discrimination in the workplace. They grapple as individual Muslims with issues of 'modernity' in their personal lives through independent reasoning (ijtihād), but do not consciously identify themselves with, or see themselves as leaders of, the search to define what it means to be a European Muslim in the 21st century. There are encouraging signs, however, with groups such as the London City Circle, an intellectual forum which regularly organizes high profile public debates on a wide range of issues relevant particularly to young UK Muslim professionals.
Until now, Ramadan notes that there has been no clear consensus among the 'ulama upon what precisely constitutes "the identification, definition and name of the Western abode" (1999: 141). He rejects the historical bi-polar perception (1999: 148-9) of dar al-Islam (abode of Islam) and dar al-harb (abode of war), given that the significant European Muslim minorities exist within the heart of Europe. He argues instead that globalization has rendered the "line of demarcation" unthinkable, and redefines the notion of dar (abode). While still relevant in terms of geography and environment, the notion is expanded to represent a space allowing an "opening to the world". This is consonant with the Qur'ānic representation of the whole world as a mosque. Instead, of being located on the periphery, European Muslims in fact have a central role in terms of bearing witness to their Faith before mankind. Thus, we can talk of a "space of testimony", argues Ramadan.
While conceding that, for 1st generation immigrants, the focus was on survival in terms of determining and protecting their minimal rights as a minority, Ramadan argues that this "reactive posture" (1999: 144) should be discarded, and instead "it is high time to define the responsibilities of Muslims in Europe and to name the space in which we live as the European or Western abode (1999: 145). It is in fact incumbent upon Muslims now to bear witness, in the way it was for Muslims at the time of Mohammad to engage in da'wa:
In the current new world order which seems to forget the Creator up to the point of denying His existence and which is based on an exclusive economic logic, Muslims are facing the same responsibilities, especially in the heart of industrialised societies (Ramadan, 1999: 145). In the same way, then, that the Prophet and the Companions in Makka were a minority group which presented and explained their religion to the peoples and tribes around the Arabian Peninsula, Muslims living in Europe "uphold a great responsibility, for they provide their societies with a testimony based on Faith, spirituality, values, a sense of limits and a permanent human and social commitment" (1999: 144). In this regard, outreach work such as Islamic Awareness Week events organized by university Muslim groups, or community based initiatives such as mosque 'Open Door' days, represent a step in the right direction.
There are many social, economic, religious and political issues which remain unresolved for Muslims in Europe, but the momentum for progress will continue to build. The impact of greater equality of access to education and employment opportunities remains crucial. In particular, the degree to which the new generations of European Muslims are able to apply ijtihād creatively will define Islamic modernity. The receptivity of the indigenous host culture is also vital. As Tibi notes, the question is how both actors, Muslim and non-Muslim, engage in a process of adjustment within the context of globalisation, where "each individual belongs to many cultures, and people have multiple cultural identities" (Tibi 2002, 32).
*Murray Hill, PhD, is a Professor of Intercultural Communication at Hochschule Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Germany. You can download bibliography of the entire series from here Bibliography
**Alochonaa.com is not responsible for any factual mistakes (if any) of this analysis. This analysis further is not necessarily representative of Alochonaa.com's view. We're happy to facilitate further evidence-based submissions on this topic. Please send us your submission at alochonaa@gmail.com
1 The author of this article had a similarly contrasting experience of two mosques on a visit to Germany in 2008. The Ahmadiyya mosque in Berlin is the city's oldest mosque, purpose-built in the 1920s. It is a building of some grandeur, but it had been temporarily closed, however, due to apparent lack of funding. Fortunately, the mosque has reopened and the author was privileged to enjoy several conversations with the acting imam. By contrast, the author was able to attend prayers in a cellar mosque in Munich. The Munich mosque was almost invisible, with access via a security key-coded door leading to a tenement stair. The author is grateful to the owner of a nearby kebab take-away café, who happily provided the code on request!
2 The author also enjoyed a visit to a halal burger bar in Blackburn, England where local Muslims socialise in the busy upstairs 'illicit' – because of the recent UK smoking ban relating to public places – shisha bar. The bar serves the function of a typical 'British' bar, but without serving alcohol and clearly offers popular social interaction opportunities. It is worth noting that there were no white patrons present during this particular visit.
Categories: Europe, Identity, Islam
Gender Based Violence and Power Relations
Should Sinking Islands in the South Pacific Worry Us?
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Hello, thanks for your interest, sorry about late reply. My e-mail address: murraymhill@hotmail.com
Looking forward to hearing more from you. Best wishes, Murray Hill
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Brig O' Perth 14 Year Old, 125th Anniversary Blended Scotch
Key Facts About This Blended Scotch
Bottler: The Whisky Cellar
Whisky Makers: Keith Bonnington, Max MacFarlane
Range: Brig O' Perth
Distilleries: Ben Nevis, Blair Athol
Casks: First fill ex-bourbon and sherry butts
Alcohol by Volume: 46.7%
Bottled: Natural colour and without chill filtration
Limited Edition: 1,125 bottles
Brig O' Perth Tasting Notes
Ed's tasting notes
Colour: Natural colour, bright gold. Lots of parallel tears run quickly down the side of the glass.
Nose: Honey, and honeydew melon. Redcurrants and black currants. Soft malt and new untanned leather. Cedarwood and gentle cinnamon.
Palate: Medium mouthfeel with a creamy texture. Lots of red fruits and berries, lightly dusted with soft brown cinnamon sugar. Fresh cream dotted with real vanilla. Milk chocolate orange. Well-integrated alcohol adds body without any burn.
Finish: Medium to long. Cream over red fruit and berries, a touch of savoury oak, ending with warming spice.
About This 125th Anniversary Release
Brig O' Perth was first blended and bottled by Perth wine merchant and grocer, Matthew Gloag & Son. It was made in the basement of their shop at 20-24 Atholl Street in early 1896 as their "house blended Scotch". It achieved local, and wider, acclaim and became the whisky of choice to family gatherings and high society parties across the county.
Brig O' Perth has enjoyed only occasional bottlings over the last 50 years or so. But Keith Bonnington was able to buy the brand from Edrington Distillers. Keith spent 11 years working for Erdington, based at the now-closed West Kinfauns, Perth office.
Brig O'Perth 'Special Anniversary Blend' was bottled by The Whisky Cellar as a classic 'Old Highland' style Blended Scotch. It has an uncommonly high malt content, a proud sign of quality. Matured for at least 14 years, the malt whiskies were sampled from a number of Highland distilleries. These were the very same distilleries from which Matthew Gloag would have selected his 'house blend' back in 1896.
In a nod to the original label, the design shows the majestic Old Perth Bridge, the meandering River Tay and the grand Georgian townhouses and church steeple towers of Tay Street.
"Sadly, the merchants, blenders, and bottlers that made Perth a hot-bed of Scotch whisky production have left the Fair City in all but name. Without doubt, the names of Gloag, Bell, Dewar and Thomson contributed to the development of the city. But, while time and "progress" moves things on in one direction, memory and nostalgia moves them in another... I'll never restore the glory days single-handedly. But I would love to be able to contribute something to Perth and Perthshire with this historic relaunch. As a resident of Auchterarder, I have grown to love the county. It is great to be able to celebrate its huge contribution to our greatest liquid export." Keith Bonnington, Founder, The Whisky Cellar
Where can you ship?
We're based in the UK, but we can ship to many countries.
We deliver to Australia, Canada (Alberta), China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, UK, US (certain states*), and Vietnam.
*We can ship to the following US states duty-paid (so no further taxes for you): Alaska, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana,Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming.
Shipping charges are calculated during checkout, depending on where you live and how many bottles you're buying. Shipping within the UK is free on orders over £100.
All alcoholic products sold by TopWhiskies are sold subject to UK alcohol tax, which is already included in the price.
UK sales are subject to VAT (currently 20%), which is included in the price. Sales outside of the UK are not subject to this tax, and international prices do not include it.
We use a specialist US shipper who sorts out US taxes. These costs are factored into the US shipping charges. So shipping may look pricey, but remember it covers your taxes as well.
For all other territories, including those in Europe, please note: your order could be subject to local sales taxes and duties upon arrival in the destination country. All additional charges are the responsibility of the recipient. As customs policies vary widely from country to country, TopWhiskies has no control over these charges, so you should contact your local customs office for further information. If you refuse to pay any import duties and taxes, this could result in the goods being destroyed by customs or being returned back to us - any refund offered would include a deduction of our costs.
Which couriers do you use?
In the UK we use Royal Mail, Parcelforce and APC. US orders are sent via UPS. International orders use FedEx and DHL.
For help, or custom orders, please contact Ed on email ed@topwhiskies.com
Why shop with TopWhiskies
Quality products, independent brands
All the brands I work with are independent. Many of them are small brands, run by one or two people with a whole load of passion. As a result, these unique products are top quality.
Need help? Write to me at ed@topwhiskies.com. It's always me at the end of the email, and I'm always glad to help.
With happy whisky-loving customers all around the world, we're rated five stars for our service.
We accept all major cards, along with PayPal and Apple Pay. Check out securely online, with the safety of SSL encryption.
Trusted by happy whisky lovers


UK's Information Commissioner's Office posted its official opinion on how the UK will or will not proceed with the implementation of the GDPR post Brexit vote. According to the ICO once the GDPR is implemented in the EU, it will be relevant for many organisations in the UK (most obviously those operating internationally).
It is important to point out that the GDPR has several new features, such as breach notification and data portability, so the ICO also launched an overview of the GDPR. The aim of this overview is to highlight the key themes of the GDPR to help organisations understand the new legal framework in the EU. It explains the similarities with the existing UK Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA), and describes some of the new and different requirements.
On the 12th of July 2016 the European Commission adopted the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield – a set of principles that set out to protect the fundamental rights of anyone in the EU whose personal data is transferred to the United States as well as to bring legal clarity for businesses relying on transatlantic data transfers. The Privacy Shield comes as a consequence of the European Court of Justice's invalidation of the Safe Harbour framework.
-	Annual joint review mechanism.
The decision of the European Commission entered into force immediately. On the U.S. side, the Privacy Shield framework will be published in the Federal Register (an equivalent to the EU Official Journal). The Commission also made a promise that it will publish a short guide for citizens explaining the available remedies in case an individual considers that his personal data has been used without taking into account the data protection rules.
Businesses that have previously been in the Safe Harbour cannot automatically transfer to the newly adopted Privacy Shield framework but have to assess their compliance against the new, more rigorous Privacy Shield requirements. They will be able to certify with the US Department of Commerce from 1 August onwards.
Jan-Philipp Albrecht (MEP) and Max Schrems (European privacy campaigner whose Facebook challenge ended the Safe Harbour agreement) wrote an interesting article for The Irish Times on the topic of (in)adequacy of Privacy Shield Framework. In the article the authors criticise many main aspects of the framework, including the "notice and choice" mechanism, the broad definition of purposes of sharing of personal data, guarantees and actual enforceability, blanket mass surveillance, the ombudsperson, etc.
In December 2013, authorities obtained a Stored Communications Act (SCA) warrant, which was signed by a judge, as part of a drug investigation and served it upon Microsoft. When the company refused to comply, a lower court held the company in contempt. Microsoft has challenged that decision and the U.S. Court of Appeals has ruled in favour of Microsoft, stating that the company does not have to turn over the contents of an Outlook.com user's inbox to the U.S. investigators because that user's data is held abroad, in Ireland. More specifically the court concluded that § 2703 of SCA does not authorise courts to issue and enforce against U.S.-based service providers warrants for the seizure of customer email content that is stored on foreign servers.


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Non-Western Westerns Film Series
Date Friday March 28
SFMOMA | Phyllis Wattis Theater
151 Third Street (between Mission and Howard streets)
Event Type Screening
Email commassistant [at] sfmoma.org
Piotr Uklanski, 2006, 93 min.
The conceptual Polish artist Uklanski describes Summer Love, his debut film, as "the first Polish Western." Shot in southern Poland with a Polish cast, the film explores the Western as a series of iconic figures, actions, and settings. The stranger comes to town, the barmaid is seduced, guns are fired, blood spurts and flows, the scaffold is built, and the wanted man appears (in the form of Val Kilmer)—but the classic Hollywood, or even spaghetti, Western is nowhere to be found. As Uklanski explains, Summer Love "is neither a parody, nor homage . . . but an allegorical film," one that points to the Western as a genre both empty and ominous. On March 27, attend an SFMOMA Sessions party in conjunction with the screening.
$5 general, students, and seniors. Double features: films offered on the same date are included in one ticket.
http://www.sfmoma.org/calendar/calendar_ev...
Added to the calendar on Wednesday Feb 27th, 2008 10:19 AM


What nail colour to wear with white sporty sneakers?
Head-to-toe all white including nails you can rock all white for virtually every occasion. Super sporty chic pieces wearing white cotton dress and white sporty sneakers are carte blanche too.
Ready to try out? The white nail lacquer is long lasting, comes on easily with no streaks.
If you head to the beach or the city there's something about your style if you keep it all white, simple yet chic. It is an easy way to look fresh all day.
You can even combine different white together which matches your skin best.
For a casual idea for days when you want to stay comfortable but still look fashionable. Wear white sneakers with a white shirtdress. Use either all silver or all gold accessories.
In general white nail polishes can easily streak. All White does not streak, make sure to let each coat dry well.
Wearing all white gives you the opportunity to also do your nails white.
Don't miss out on this chance to rock your favorite bold lipstick.


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"Mugged by Reality:" respected American-Israeli journalist explains Israelis' situation internationally - but with context
Do Anglo-accented speakers enhance the effectiveness of 'hasbara' to the world? Do speakers like Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Ambassador to the U.S. Michael Oren, or Ambassador to the U.K. Ron Prosor present Israel's case more persuasively to English-speakers than Israeli-accented presenters?
As a recognized world-class correspondent with the Jerusalem Post, American-born, Israeli journalist, Herb Keinon explains how the lack of peaceful Arab-Muslim acceptance to Israel's gestures of peace have jaded many Israelis' prior optimism towards the 'peace-process.' A knowledgeable analyst, Mr. Keinon presents the context of Israel's situation- in this exclusive video interview with JooTube's DemoCast.TV crew - recorded during Mr. Keinon's most recent visit to Los Angeles.
Mr. Keinon, the diplomatic correspondent for the English-language Jerusalem Post, has been at the eye of the Arab-Israeli hurricane for the past 20-years- since assuming the diplomatic beat in August 2000, just after the failed, Camp David Summit.
Mr. Keinon has up-close knowledge and an intimate perspective of the global conflict and the evolution of efforts to maintain Israelis' security. He lives with these issues, residing in the West Bank community of Ma'ale Adumim with his wife and four children.
In our exclusive video, Mr. Keinon, reveals the insecurity that Palestinian terrorism has evolved within Israeli consciousness. Here, he makes a good case for understanding Israel's matured mentality in view of its learned vulnerablity.
Arab government-TV incites Muslims with religious-...
Westboro Baptists desecrate "Hatikvah"; reveal cla...
Remembering Moshe Yess of Megama Duo - The other t...
Excerpts from Debbie Friedman funeral service; vid...
Musician Debbie Friedman eulogized in Southern Cal...
"Mugged by Reality:" respected American-Israeli jo...
Hate-crimes committed 23 more times against Jews t...


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Q: Foundation 5 Internet Explorer 9 It would seem that the Foundation 5 WordPress site I am working on does not work in IE9.
I expected this structurally, however the stylesheet does not appear to be loading AT ALL.
Are there any standard ways to fix IE9 and Foundation or is it a long and laborious, manual process?

A: Have a look at the mime type your CSS is being served with.  If it's not text/css, IE9 will ignore it.  Mine was being served as text/css; charset=utf-8, and it didn't work.  Once I changed it, it worked as expected.

A: We ran into the same issue using Foundation outside of WordPress.  The culprit was our app.css file - which was 241K minified.
We split the Foundation components into a separate CSS file (with our fonts and a couple of other global features), foundation.min.css is about 209K.
That left about 35K in style style overrides in app.min.css.
That fixed the problem for the 3% of our users who use IE9. :^P

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Linda Van Bommel
Our Lady of Sorrows R.C. Church
116 John St. S.
Obituary of Linda Van Bommel
Livestream will be available at the following link: Linda Van Bommel
Van Bommel, Linda Patricia of Belmont passed away at London Health Science Centre- Victoria on Saturday, August 27, 2022 in her 55th year. Beloved daughter of William and Mary (Clymans) Van Bommel. Loving sister of Rosemary Baughman (Dave), Robert VanBommel (Katie), Dianne VanBommel (Nick) all of Belmont. Dear aunt of Dylan, Nathan, Chantel, and Melissa. Also survived by a number of aunts, uncles, and cousins. Linda was born in London, Ontario on May 24, 1968 and grew up on the family farm on Crossley-Hunter. She formerly worked at Canada Trust London. Through Linda's battle with Muscular Myotonic Dystrophy, she maintained a positive attitude and a great sense of humour. Visitation at the H. A. Kebbel Funeral Home, Aylmer on Tuesday 5-8 pm. The funeral mass will be held at Our Lady of Sorrows R.C Church on Wednesday, August 31, 2022 at 10:00 am. Interment, Queen of Peace Cemetery. Donations to the Muscular Dystrophy Canada would be appreciated. Share memories or condolences at kebbelfuneralhome.com


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Le banana split (litt. « banane coupée ») est un dessert glacé comprenant une banane. Le terme a inspiré de nombreuses œuvres.

Cinéma/Télévision
 Banana Split (The Gang's All Here), film musical américain de Busby Berkeley sorti en 1943 ;
 Banana Split (The Banana Splits Adventure Hour), émission de télévision américaine pour la jeunesse diffusée de 1968 à 1970 ;
 Banana Split, documentaire américain de Kip Fulbeck sorti en 2004.

Musique
 Le Banana split, chanson de Lio sortie en 1979.

Littérature/Presse
 Banana Split, revue littéraire française fondée par Liliane Giraudon et Jean-Jacques Viton, et publiée de 1980 à 1990.

Voir aussi