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Dream Team: The Justice Society of America
Nov-10-08
Ah, the Justice Society of America, or the JSA, as it's known to its friends. The JSA is DC's oldest super-hero team, debuting during the early days of World War II. The concept, revolutionary at the time, is now old-hat; a publisher brought their most popular characters into one team, in one book. The JSA survived and prospered throughout the war years, but like almost every superhero title, their popularity waned after the war, and they were soon gone from the shelves. When DC relaunched the superhero genre in the late 50s and early 60s, they created the Justice League of America, an updating of the JSA in much the same way they'd updated the individual members of the JSA, like their new Flash and Green Lantern characters.
Soon, the publishers of DC Comics brought the JSA into their new and updated universe, but for years the JSA didn't have much to differentiate it from it's newer and younger counterpart, the JLA, except for that one key element; the JSA members were older. Otherwise, the JSA was just another super-team, and although they tried to maintain their own series a few times, they never seemed able to hold onto the popularity and respect due the original superheroes. However, when the JSA title launched, under the pen of Geoff Johns (and writing partners David Goyer and James Robinson in those early days), the old stars of DC Comics were finally given an identity separate from other teams; they were the legacy team.
DC has done something that Marvel has been unable to do, and that's create a legacy for many of their heroic identities. Perhaps it's because their heroes have always been more important than the secret identities, and therefore easier to replace, DC has managed to put succeeding generations of heroes behind the same mask. Flash is the best example, as we moved from Jay Garrick in the Golden Age, to Barry Allen in the Silver Age, to Wally West today. That's the model for the JSA; it's about the older generation teaching the younger generation what it means to be heroes. World War II veterans fight alongside teenagers, and everyone learns.
The problem with the JSA is that their roster is huge; they often have 20-30 members, even if they may not all be active at once. I find it difficult to narrow down the ones I think are vital to the team, but I'm going to do it. I'm going to give the group eight members; we normally do seven, but since the JSA is a team that has always been larger than other teams, I'm relaxing that restriction here. I'm also going to say that I love almost every member of this team, and I think all of them deserve a place here, so if your favorite is left out, it probably didn't mean I don't like that character; it just means that someone had to give. So, who makes the cut?
The Flash (Jay Garrick) and Green Lantern (Alan Scott): The JSA, to be the true legacy team that they are, must have some of the original members active. Honestly, there aren't a lot of original members left alive, but these two are necessary to the team. Besides being quite powerful, they have the wisdom and the patience to deal with the younger generation and the experience to teach them. I'm going to leave out Wildcat, the other active member from the old days, for space reasons, which tears me up, as he's a fascinating character in his own right.
Hourman and Black Canary: The son and daughter of the original members to beat those names, these two have gained their superhero identities by inheriting them from their parents. Both of them are smart and experienced, and their powers are a little bit more street level. Some will say Black Canary belongs with the Justice League, but I say phooey on that notion; her home is the JSA, just like it was her mother's home. Besides, if we can get her out of the JLA, we can get her away from the horrid Green Arrow and put her with the man she's much better suited for:
Dr. Mid-Nite: Although the current isn't related to the original, he's assumed the mantle of the new Dr. Mid-Nite with grace and style. Yes, he has the original Mid-Nite's ability to see in the dark and some nice fighting skills, but he's most useful to the team as a medical doctor. I don't see why more superhero teams don't look into having a medical doctor on staff; that comes in handy constantly. The man behind the mask is also interesting, and he and Black Canary became an item until DC decided to bring Green Arrow back from the dead. That was such a horribly bad idea, and I'd like to see Canary and Mid-Nite give it another shot.
Mr. Terrific: The Golden Age Mr. Terrific was, to be honest, something of a goofy character, and wearing ths slogan "Fair Play" on his costume didn't make him look like any less of a tool. While the current Mr. Terrific doesn't seem to have much better fashion sense than his predecessor, he's a brilliant character, and the perfect leader and organizer of the team.
Stargirl and Jakeem Thunder: The new Stargirl has matured more than perhaps any other character in comics in the past few decades; this is someone who's had an actual character arc, and readers have seen her grow from a spoiled little girl into a worthy hero. I have loved watching her learn from the members of the JSA, and she may be the strongest argument for the value of this team, and for training the younger generation in the field. Jakeem is also maturing, and while he's not at Stargirl's level yet, he needs to be on the team so they have someone to mentor. Plus, his friendship with Stargirl is strong and they have a great dynamic.
There's my eight characters. Mr. Terrific leads Flash, Green Lantern, Black Canary, Dr. MidNite, Stargirl, Hourman, and Jakeem Thunder. What do you think?
I will admit up front that I am not as familiar with some of the newer characters in this book as I am with the traditional old-timers. My collection includes a few of the later issues of All-Star Comics and a pretty generous run of All Star Squadron, but with the various crises confusing or flat out eliminating most of the continuity of those books, I don't know what's relevant or not. I've read the initial four or five trades of the first JSA series and I read the first half dozen or so issues of this latest series, but my history with the title would be best described as "spotty." That being said, I'm still going to give this a good go. I fear, however, that you may end up winning this round because I won't be able to argue very effectively for my picks!
Off the top of my head, I know that the Justice Society has almost always had the presence of at least one Hawk family member…usually Hawkman. I know they've played host to Dr. Fate and The Spectre. And some quick research tells me that Atom, Starman and Sandman have all played parts on the team from time to time. Current continuity seems to preclude a few of them from being on any team since they're either deceased or missing or their current incarnations have no real ties to the JSA, but I'll give this thing a shot anyway. Here's my JSA Dream Team:
John said Flash and Green Lantern: I find it difficult to argue with either of these and, as our presidential picks went a week or two ago, I think it's pretty obvious that we both have great affection for these characters. The legacy of the characters, in both name and experience, is essential to any incarnation of the JSA. So Flash and Green Lantern are in.
John said Mister Terrific: Again, I've always liked this character and I think it's important to have someone on the team who is a legacy by something other than relation. Mister Terrific is a smart man and a good leader.
John said Stargirl and Jakeem Thunder: Okay, here's where we first part ways. I'm good with half of the duo here. Stargirl is a great character. I love the way she has proceeded to become a strong hero and overcome the fears and doubts she had when she first began. And her background is, perhaps, one of the strangest yet strongest ties to a DC legacy: her stepfather was the sidekick of a Golden Age character that eventually inherited the equipment of Starman. That makes her a unique necessity to the JSA. However, I've never had a good feeling about Jakeem. I just don't get the allure of a street smart kid and his magic pen genie. Take that writing instrument away and he's fairly useless. No, my pick for this slot would be Obsidian for a number of reasons. First, he's Alan Scott's son which adds a bit of depth and a new dimension to the legacy aspect. Alan should show fatherly concern whenever they're in battle. Secondly, Obsidian is gay and I just think that's something to showcase in the book. And third, his power set is much more interesting and tangible.
John said Hourman and Black Canary: Again, I think we're going to split the difference here. Hourman is a unique concept for a hero…making him extremely useful for short periods of time, but vulnerable the rest of the day. I've always liked the look of the character too. But, in an effort to further solidify the legacy of the team, I've decided to throw Hourman's wife onto the roster instead of Black Canary. Liberty Belle (formerly Jesse Quick) has inherited the powers of both of her parents, giving her flight, super speed and increased strength. That gives us not only a parent/child relationship on the team, but also a husband/wife dynamic.
John said Dr. Mid-Nite: Yeah…I'm not feeling him either. A surgeon who can see in the dark is helpful how exactly? Besides, if I don't have Black Canary on the team to explore any sort of relationship, then Mid-Nite can be discarded as well. I would prefer to fill this slot with another legacy character who played a prominent role in the second volume of the series: Sandman. Again, I feel that his power set is useful to the team. He has the experience of being both a former sidekick to an original team member and a former chairman of the JSA itself. Plus, he seems to be the resident detective whose skills would play well with Mister Terrific's science background. And, with Terrific's current position in Checkmate taking up a good portion of his time, I'd even return the chairmanship to Sandman.
So, my lineup is as follows: Sandman leading a team of Flash, Green Lantern, Mister Terrific, Stargirl, Obsidian, Hourman and Liberty Belle. I suspect a counter-punch is imminent…
Well, I can't punch too hard, as you agreed with half of my line-up! That may be a first for us here in Dream Team Central. As for the ones you disagreed with, I'm stuck with the problem that I really like my choices, but I like your characters as well. Let me see if I can agree with half of your new picks as well.
I love Sandman, and thought his time as chairman was one of the best eras of the book. He was so close to making my roster, and since you chose him as well, who am I to say no? He's in, and he can be leader (especially since his new costume is so cool, modeled after the original Sandman).
I didn't like Obsidian for many years, as I think his early appearances were characterized by him being something of a waffling loser with no self-esteem. That being said, ever since he turned evil, and then came back to the ranks of herodom, he's had a strength that he was lacking before. I think the writer of Manhunter has used him to great effect, and I do like having him on the team with his father, since these two have a lot of issues to work through. He's also in.
That means we agree on the team except for that one last slot. I have to be honest; I would have used Black Canary in my JLA dream team, but I was saving her for my JSA dream team. I know she's a founding member of the JLA in the post-Crisis DC Universe, but I truly felt she fit into the JSA better than she ever did the JLA. That being said, I think she fits into the Birds of Prey better than either team, so I might be willing to let her go from my JSA team if I wasn't replacing her with Liberty Belle. I agree that having a husband and wife on the team, as well as two legacy heroes is a great idea, and I loved Liberty Belle when she went by the name Jesse Quick and appeared in the Flash comic, but lately she's been putting me to sleep. I want to like this character again, and there is a lot of plot potential here…..oh, I give up. You win. She's in.
I'm fine with your roster: Sandman as leader, with Green Lantern, Flash, Mr. Terrific, Hourman, Liberty Belle, Stargirl and Obsidian.
And can we put Dr. Mid-Nite on the team as someone who stays back at base and waits for people to be injured? He can hang out with Ma Kunkle.
What the…?!? Who are you and what have you done with my friend John? Seriously? That's it? I was sure you'd have some sort of trump card in your back pocket that you would confound me with and I'd be forced to bow down to your more convincing reasoning. Now I'm just confused, but happy nonetheless.
I agree that Mid-Nite should hang around as a supporting character. I was originally going to suggest the same thing for Mister Terrific because of his involvement with Checkmate, but I feared that his lack of appearances wouldn't be fair to such a great character. The same thing for Flash. I was going to suggest that he take a backseat to Liberty Belle and act solely as a mentor for her, but then I thought about the great dynamic he and Green Lantern share and I could imagine a storyline where the two of them just reminisced over a drink or two.
I originally wanted to put Cyclone on the team, but thought better of it because…well…she's just kind of annoying.
So that does it, huh? The Justice Society of America Dream Team is Sandman, Flash, Green Lantern, Mister Terrific, Stargirl, Obsidian, Hourman & Liberty Belle.
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Dream Team: Justice League
I believe that Jason and I will both admit that we do more Marvel posts than DC posts. That being said, I do enjoy the DC Universe (even if it's current direction leaves me cold) and so, along those lines, we want to explore those characters more often. So, we thought we'd start by using the most famous DC team of all time for one of our infamous Dream Team posts: the Justice League!
Many people might consider the Dream Team of the Justice League to be pretty self-explanatory; it's the big seven, the founding (pre-Crisis) members, and the ones that Grant Morrison used during his run. That august assemblage included Superman, Batman, Martian Manhunter, Aquaman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern and Flash. I have to disagree, however. I think that there are a lot of really interesting characters that serve better on the league than many of the big names. However, I do want to steal the number of heroes, and cap our team off at seven members. For those familiar with the Justice League, let's start a little wager: how many of my team members will be from the Detroit era of the JLA? Place your bets now folks!
First, I'd choose the one character who I feel is an indispensable member of the league: The Martian Manhunter. Yes, he's currently dead in the DCU, but really, how long can that be expected to last? I think the Martian Manhunter is the heart of the JLA, much like Captain America is the heart of the Avengers, and I feel the team is always stronger when he's a part of it. He's in.
I also am going to keep one other member of the classic group, and that's The Flash. Yes, Wally West does well as a member of the Teen Titans, but he's been a member of both groups in the past, and can be again. He's actually one of the few characters in comics who, I think, works equally well in more than one supergroup, and can actually be considered a vital part of both.
Next up is a personal favorite of mine, Mr. Miracle. He was a member during the Giffen/DeMatteis days, and I thought that he managed to make it through their run with his dignity intact, which was not always an easy task. He is far and away my favorite of Kirby's Fourth World characters, and I think he brings a hefty dose of skill into the League, a group that normally subsists more on raw power. If you're not including Batman in the League (and I'm not), then you truly need someone who understands subtlety and finesse. Mr. Miracle fits the bill.
My fourth choice is a character who, for years, I had no respect for. I considered him largely useless and somewhat silly. However, over the past few years The Atom has begun to really grow on me. I think some of that may be his strong showing in the Justice League Unlimited cartoon, or perhaps I'm growing up, and I'm beginning to realize that, as with Mr. Miracle, raw power isn't everything. The Atom also supplies the League with a scientist, which is rare in the League. Every third Avenger seems to be a scientist of some sort, but not so with the JLA, and that makes the Atom that much more unique.
Fifth I choose The Red Tornado. I've always liked his look, I think his powers are neat and different, and I enjoy the element of the synthetic man trying to fit into a team of flesh and blood heroes. Hey, I'm a fan of the Vision too; what can I say? Someone who is on the outside looking in resonates with me.
I'm going to throw in a young rookie; when we discussed the Avengers, Jason suggested that every team needs a young hero for the other heroes to mentor. I'm not sure if I agree with that (I pooh-poohed the idea at the time), but there certainly can be an interesting dynamic between an inexperienced hero and those who have been saving people their entire lives. I choose The Ray for that honor. I've always enjoyed the character, I think he has an amazing look, and he's certainly powerful enough for the JLA. He worked with the Martian Manhunter quite a bit as a member of the Justice League Task Force, but he still has a lot to learn.
Finally, for my last choice, I'm going to pick someone from near obscurity: Animal Man. He was a member of the Justice League Europe team, but only lasted about ten issues, since Grant Morrison was turning his life upside down in his own comic at the time. I've always enjoyed the character, and I'd like to see what he could do on the team if he was actually given the chance.
So, I have Martian Manhunter, Mr. Miracle, Flash, the Atom, Red Tornado, the Ray and Animal Man. I'd love to have Atom as the leader; I think he'd do a good job, and it would make for a more interesting team dynamic then using Martian Manhunter, the next logical choice.
How many member did I choose from the Detroit era? Just one: the Martian Manhunter. I really tried to fit Vibe into the group, but sadly, it wasn't meant to be.
It's tough for me to rationalize throwing a dead guy into the mix, but to each their own I guess. Did Vibe have any superpowers beyond being stereotypical and annoying?
And what's with shunning all the females?
Look, as much as I praise Marvel for pretty much shaping my childhood imagination, I have to give some of the credit to the Justice League as well. With the exception of a few issues, I have a run of Justice League of America comics that starts around issue #40 and goes straight through to the end of the Detroit years. Add to that a hefty run of Giffen's Justice League revamp (later renamed Justice League International and then Justice League America), a complete collection of Justice League Europe (which, correct me if I'm wrong, was also then renamed Justice League International? That's confusing) and a substantial portion of the later JLA series and you could easily conclude that I'm a HUGE JL fan.
I agree that the original seven members of the JL were probably considered the Dream Team at the time, since they consisted of all of DC's major characters, including several well-received Silver Age revamps (Flash and Green Lantern, specifically). However, I also agree that just because they were big names didn't necessarily mean that they should play together on a team. I find the iconic status of the "Big Three" to be rather daunting when it comes to building an effective network of heroes. Really, why do you need anyone else, aside from the sheer numbers perspective? A team like that doesn't lend itself to creative storytelling.
I would guess that my biggest influences, when it comes to who I believe deserves to be in the ultimate JL lineup, are the "satellite years" and the team that launched out of the Legends miniseries. These were some of my favorite 70s and 80s characters and, to this day, some of them are still woefully underused.
That said, let me follow protocol and trash your lineup while also revealing why mine is so much better thought-out and worthwhile…
John said Martian Manhunter: Really? THAT'S your marquee selection? Blah. Aside from the running joke of him being obsessed with Oreos, I just never really related to J'onn. I've always felt that he was a good teammate, but whenever the focus is on him I can't grasp a connection to him. I know that he's been repeatedly set up as team leader, but the subordinate relationships away from him were always more interesting. He's also become one of those characters whose powers continue to evolve and change to the point of being ridiculous. Thankfully, he's dead (for now) and I think that really takes him off the table. My pick for the "legacy" position would be Green Lantern (Hal Jordan). He has the military/tactical background to be a true leader for the team, his fearlessness has been tested, and the visual potential for his powers really lends itself to a good creative team.
John said Flash: Agreed 100%. Wally West has consistently been one of my favorite DC characters. I think his powers are essential to a strong team. Plus, Flash lends a mix of youth and experience that few other DC heroes possess.
John said Mister Miracle: Also agreed, as long as it's Scott Free in the costume and not the recently relaunched urban Shilo Norman version from Grant Morrison. Mister Miracle always struck me as one of those reluctant types who was a hero out of necessity instead of virtue. I like that dynamic.
John said The Atom: I'm sorry, I just never got a good feel for Ray Palmer and the new guy in the costume hasn't done much for me either. I like the unique powers of Atom, but he has no resonance for a major hero team…kind of like how Ant-Man doesn't really fit well in an ultimate Avengers lineup. If we want some unique powers with a personality, I think we could do worse than to look at Plastic Man. Eel O'Brien is an old school member who has sort of come and gone under the radar. He has a dark past but a lighthearted persona, and I feel that that dichotomy is worth exploring.
John said Red Tornado: Again, I have no real feeling for this character. He looks cool and the concept of a synthezoid hero is intriguing, but the "woe is me" emotion-based, Pinocchio-like storyline that Brad Meltzer recently rolled out left me cold. I would rather replace this choice with a female, just for contrast. I was leaning towards Wonder Woman, partially for the iconic feel but also for leadership reasons. However, I think the softer Zatanna would be more appropriate. The self-doubt she has recently demonstrated adds a certain vulnerability to a character who was never completely strong to begin with. And she has pretty nebulous powers that could be exploited nicely.
John said Animal Man: Curious. He was on a short list I scribbled down and, by process of elimination, ended up being in my top seven too. With Captain Atom and Doctor Fate both being out of commission right now and Firestorm not the same character he used to be, Animal Man is my default choice for this position. I think by assembling the widest range of powers possible, we show a true cross-section of the "global reach" of the team.
(As an aside, I really liked the idea of the Justice League setting up embassies or charters instead of being a global police force stationed in America.)
John said The Ray: Yeah, I could see this pick working out nicely. He's got a bit of the legacy going on and he's a pretty powerful hero when he can stay focused. It's a good selection for a young, mentor-able character. However, I would like to throw out a more controversial name: Resurrection Man. Very interesting powers and an underdeveloped history lead to broader interactions and plot possibilities. I could almost see the team sort of "finding" him somewhere and bringing him along as a pet project, like cleaning up a homeless guy on one of those makeover shows. There's a lot of potential in the character.
So, to sum up, my Justice League Dream Team would have Green Lantern leading a group comprised of Flash, Mister Miracle, Plastic Man, Zatanna, Animal Man and Resurrection Man. I worked a woman into the team. There's one character that can definitely fly, one that can hover on special gizmos and one who can fly if the appropriate animal is nearby. I've got magic powers, speed powers and stretchy powers (two if you count GL's shape-making ability). About the only thing not covered is a true strength-based character, but I'm okay with it…and Resurrection Man could cover that area depending on the circumstances.
The biggest problem I can find is that I have three heroes with the word "Man" in their names…someone feeling insecure with their sexuality?
I anxiously await your almost certain rebuttal.
I can not believe that I neglected to include any women in the group. Huge oversight.
Wait. Hal Jordan? Hal freakin' Jordan? The most boring character in the DC Universe, in any time period? I'm one of those people who agreed 100% with DC removing Hal from his position as Green Lantern, although I disagreed 100% with the way they did it. Making him a mass murderer and psycho did not make him interesting; it made him an ugly plot device. I have no problem with there being a Green Lantern on the team, and can even partially agree that a Green Lantern on the team is necessary and iconic, but Hal Jordan? Please God no. Pick another GL. Goodness knows there are tons of them. John Stewart or Guy Gardner would be fine, although my choice would be Kyle Rayner. I won't bother to argue the Martian Manhunter point, except to note that he's been involved with every incarnation of the JLA except for the current one, and Green Lantern has not.
Yay to Wally West! Might I point out that he has a very good relationship with Kyle Rayner?
Yay to Mr. Miracle. While I don't hate Shilo Norman, I agree that Scott Free is the one, true Mr. Miracle, and my choice for the costume.
I like Plastic Man. I think that, in losing Atom, we lose our most intelligent and scientific member, but I can deal with that, since that's never been integral to the JLA anyway. If you get a good artist, Plastic Man can be one of the most visually fascinating characters on the page (as a side note, another visually fascinating character for a good artist? Kyle Rayner).
I can lose Red Tornado. However, I hesitate to replace him with Zatanna. I normally love magic based heroes, and the group does need a female, but I have never liked Zatanna. First of all, considering your feelings about magic evinced in our Dr. Strange entry, I can't believe you'd be ok with her powers, which are even less defined than Dr. Strange's. She seriously has no structure or limits to what she can do. Second, as a character I find her rather dull and difficult to relate to. Her recent self-doubt stems from her making that absolutely atrocious decision in Identity Crisis, a decision which makes her one of the more loathsome characters in the DC Universe, and with the current competition for that title, that's saying a lot. No, there must be a better female character for the series.
I would be tempted to nominate Wonder Woman, as I truly like the character, and think that she's more interesting when she's not around Superman and Batman. Free to interact with the other members of the team without the two main guns of the DCU horning in and trying to dominate her time on-screen, I think she could add an interesting element to the mix of characters in any team. However, she's still one of the trinity of holy characters at DC and you'll never be free to do as much with her in a team setting, since the constraints of her own book tie her down. Plus, we have two members of the Big Seven already, so I'm not sure how necessary she is.
As I work through the female options for the team, I'd like to point out how few females have been members of the JLA. Seriously, compared to the Avengers or the X-Men, there aren't a whole heck of a lot of them; I don't think any incarnation of the team has had more than one or two on the team at a time. I have a few that I'm thinking of for membership, but I'm going to start by suggesting Dr. Light. I always liked her, although I preferred her as the somewhat short tempered and angry Dr. Light that she started as, rather than the rather weak milksop she was by the time Justice League International ended. Still, she has a great power, and I think she could work.
Yay Animal Man!
Hmmm. I expected the Ray to be shunted, and he actually did better with you than expected. Resurrection Man comes out of left field, for sure. I loved the character and his series. My biggest problem with him is whether or not you're breaking the rules of Dream Team entries by introducing a character who's never been a member. Aren't there enough Leaguers around to choose from without dragging in a new character to add to the roster? I'm going to wait to see what your thoughts are, and we can go from there.
So, as Round Two comes to an end, we have some confirmed team members: Flash, Mr. Miracle, Animal Man and Plastic Man. We're over halfway there! Now we need you to pick a Green Lantern who doesn't make me fall into a coma everytime I read his adventures, decide whether you like Dr. Light and give me a ruling on whether Resurrection Man is a fair pick.
Wow. We don't usually agree this easily, huh? You must be coming around to my superior way of thinking. I am an enlightened human being. Please, keep your praise to a minimum. I'll wait.
All done clapping and fawning? Okay then, let's get this wrapped up.
I'm going to make a group of decisions all related to one another right here and right now. I think this will make sense in the end. First of all, I concede the GL pick to you. Kyle Rayner is in. He has a great relationship with Flash and gives us that extra firepower. My only problem with him is that he's all wrapped up in the GL Corps as their version of Neo from The Matrix. That's both annoying and troubling when it comes to his availability. But I can live with it and he makes the most sense.
If we remove Hal Jordan, then we've lost the senior leadership of the team. To that end, and to bring in a female character (because I don't feel that Dr. Light plays nice here considering the implications of her villainous male counterpart), I suggest we do add Wonder Woman to the team. She's a strong leader and, quite honestly, her solo series always seems to be written in a different universe anyway. I have a feeling that any team we would end up assembling would focus more on the relationships of the younger characters and Wonder Woman will be there as more of an advisor and extra hand in battle.
Now, to your final point, I could make an argument to include Resurrection Man. A little more than two-thirds of the way through his eponymous series, he was offered probationary status in the JL. It's also been said that he and Vandal Savage have been fighting each other for generations…which would make for a pretty cool storyline involving the Justice League. However, the more I think about it, I'm not sure he's up for teamwork. Sure, his power would be fascinating to investigate and develop in the heat of battle, and he could probably tell some great stories, but he's not really grounded in the mythology.
So here's where I argue with myself over the necessity of including a "rookie" character. We all know that the Marvel and DC Universes are inherently different. Marvel is all about "real" characters with flaws and weaknesses. DC has always portrayed an iconic status in its heroes. You could get away with putting a young turk on the Avengers…making them prove themselves, showing the team helping to develop the next era of hero. But the Justice League is about being the best immediately. People rely on them. It's no place to toss a greenhorn.
That's why I'm going to voluntarily withdraw Resurrection Man. However, I don't want to automatically bring back in your suggestion either. The Ray is, technically, part of the Freedom Fighters and they probably need him more. No, I'm going to nominate someone who has been around for a long time, has a somewhat similar power to The Ray, is a current member of the JLA and definitely ups the diversity factor of the team: Black Lightning.
I think that explanation came together nicely. So, my round two decisions: Wonder Woman leads a team composed of Green Lantern, Flash, Mister Miracle, Animal Man, Plastic Man and Black Lightning. Strange. Just looking at the names, it has the feel of two different teams being stitched together, but not in a bad way.
I argued with myself about whether or not to bring in Wonder Woman, and while I decided no at the time, I'm fine with her being included now. I also love the idea of her being the team leader. Theoritically, she led the team one other time, but it was a rather lame team, and she didn't do much actual leading (until the awful crossover where Ice died, and then she acted like a moron, just like almost everyone in the League at the time). She's definitely in.
Black Lightning. It is something of a slam dunk, isn't it? He's smart, he's got great powers, he's adds some diversity and he has an interesting personality. I think he'd make an excellent addition. In the real universe, I'd want to ask his creator, Tony Isabella, for his blessing, since I understand there has been some….let's call them disagreements between Isabella and DC Comics on who actually owns the character (DC claims Black Lightning was created under a work for hire agreement, which Isabella stridently claims was not the case) and while I don't have facts on which side is correct, we certainly can look at historical precedent to see what sort of track record DC has with playing fair with creators. That being said, this is a dream team, and hopefully Tony Isabella would give the okay, so let's include him.
Wonder Woman. Green Lantern. Flash. Mr. Miracle. Animal Man. Black Lightning. Plastic Man. I really like that group. You have skilled superheroes who've been doing this for years and legacy heroes who have come into their own; you have heroes with tremendous power, and some who trade more in skill; you have heroes who come from a regal background and some from an urban environment and one from another planet. It works for me.
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Mostly clear skies this evening will become overcast overnight. Low 16F. Winds light and variable..
Mostly clear skies this evening will become overcast overnight. Low 16F. Winds light and variable.
Major League Baseball Removes Marijuana, Adds Opioids To 'drugs Of Abuse' List
Major League Baseball or MLB and the Major League Baseball Players Association on Thursday announced major changes to their drug prevention and treatment program that favors a treatment-based approach to drug use. The changes to the Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program include removin…
Congress joins the battle to save 42 Minor League Baseball teams
Kayla Henderson
On December 4, just two days after Governor Wolf and State Attorney General Shapiro joined the fray, congressional representatives Lori Trahan of Massachusetts, David McKinley of West Virginia, Max Rose of New York, and Mike Simpson of Idaho have formed the "Save Minor League Baseball Task F…
U.S. Women Will Get Hero's Welcome
editorial@rttnews.com (RTT Staff Writer)
New York City will welcome the World Cup-winning American women's soccer team with a ticker tape parade. This was announced by New York Mayor Bill de Blasio after Alex Morgan and team lifted the World Cup yet again, beating Netherlands 2-0 in the final in Lyon, France, Sunday. The parade is …

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) is the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans, seldom found farther south than 42°N latitude. This jelly is also one of the longest known animals and the largest recorded specimen had a bell (body) with a diameter of 2.3 m (7 feet 6 inches) and the tentacles reached 36.5 m (120 feet). It was found washed up on the shore of Massachusetts Bay in 1870.
The flower hat jelly (Olindias formosa) is a rare species of jellyfish occurring primarily in waters off Brazil, Argentina, and southern Japan. Characterized by lustrous tentacles that coil and adhere to its rim when not in use, the flower hat jelly's bell is translucent and pinstriped with opaque bands, making it easily recognizable. The flower hat jelly can grow to be about 15cm (6 inches) in diameter. Its sting is painful but non-lethal to humans. Its diet consists mostly of small fish.


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Home » White Energy joins NSP Industry Partner Program
White Energy joins NSP Industry Partner Program
LUBBOCK, TEXAS, US – Ethanol and animal feed producer White Energy has joined the National Sorghum Producers (NSP) Industry Partner Program, which connects sorghum producers with industry companies, as a Gold+ Level sponsor.
The ethanol industry typically accounts for 10% of the total demand for U.S. sorghum, according to NSP. Through the partnership between NSP and White Energy, the industry is seeing support from one of its leading domestic markets and one of the nation's leading producers in this industry, NSP said.
"White Energy remains a leader in the sorghum ethanol space, and we are thrilled the company has committed to align with NSP as an industry partner," said Tim Lust, chief executive officer, NSP. "Although the ethanol industry has experienced challenges in recent years, the enhanced focus on climate and sustainable sources of food, fuel and fiber makes the sorghum and the ethanol industries well poised to partner for success now and in the future. We see tremendous opportunity to do that with White Energy."
White Energy, headquartered in Frisco, Texas, US, can produce more than 250 million gallons of ethanol annually, NSP said. With two locations in the Texas Panhandle, the company has implemented strategies to obtain low-carbon intensity ratings and utilize its onsite rail yard to deliver ethanol to California and international ports.
"White Energy is pleased to collaborate with NSP as an industry leader striving toward a low-carbon future locally, nationally and abroad. Together, as one collective voice, we will be prominent and influential in shaping that future and the policies guiding it, while at the same time bringing value back to our partner farmers" said Christopher Hughes, vice president of commodities and risk management, White Energy.
Associations/Agencies National Sorghum Producers Commodities Market Segments sorghum biofuels
NSP adds new industry partner
Cargill exec joins World Food Program USA board
KSU, ASA partner to launch aquafeed program
Renewable energy goal part of Ardent CSR program
TNC, Star of the West partner on sustainability program


Brighten up your home with this stunning Over mantle Mirror. Hand finished and carefully made to the highest quality, the over mantle mirror will help bring some decorative style to your mantle place allowing you to accomplish that look you desire. We can guarantee you will fall in love with this as soon as this glamorous over mantle mirror has entered your home. We also offer this dazzling mirror in two colours/designs which are Silver and Gold.
SIZE - 53" X 36"


Aerotech's goniometers represent a significant breakthrough in the high-accuracy angular alignment of components. Our direct-drive goniometric nanopositioners are designated the ANT-20G series. This goniometer series offers 0.05 arc-second resolution, 0.03 arc-second in-position stability and ±6 arc-second accuracy. Travel is up to 20° with a maximum speed of 150° per second. They are designed to be equally at home in the laboratory or 24/7 manufacturing environment. The goniometric cradles can be mounted orthogonally to provide pitch and roll about the same point in space.
Excellent in-position stability, assisted by high-quality, anti-creep crossed-roller bearings, enables virtually maintenance-free operation over the life of the product. Aerotech's direct-drive technology has no hysteresis or backlash, enabling accurate and repeatable motion.
Our worm-gear-driven goniometers (AGC Goniometer Series) are used where 90 degrees of angular travel is needed with the payload at the center of rotation, or where two axes of rotation are needed about a common point. The AGC goniometer series is designed to be mounted to standard optical tables, as well as standard Aerotech rotary stages, to provide roll, pitch and yaw about a common 3-axis intersection. This flexible stage series is ideal for optical alignment, payload tip/tilt, beam steering, sensor calibration, laser applications, automated manufacturing and/or testing and multi-axis diffractometer systems.
Aerotech goniometer products are offered as stand-alone units or as part of a complete positioning package that includes Aerotech's own controls and drives.


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The Way We Were: Mixers Past & Present (Part 2)
The Way We Were:
Mixers Past & Present (Part 2)
While the 1960's saw some further advances in the techniques of both production sound recording and re-recording, it wasn't until the 1970's that some of the nascent technologies developed for music recording began to make inroads into the film industry. Although stereo and surround sound were nothing new (going all the way back to the early 1950's), the films released in either four-track 35mm Cinemascope mag or six-track 70mm mag were limited to major roadshow titles like 2001: A Space Odyssey and Woodstock. Prints were extremely expensive, and the number of theaters equipped to run either 35mm mag or 70mm were typically limited to major cities. And even with the advent of these technologies, theater loudspeaker systems hadn't really evolved much past the technologies of the late 1940's and early 1950's. Despite the extraordinary quality of 70mm magnetic, the Academy curve was still the norm, with its severe rolloff of high frequencies.
Other changes were beginning to take place in the 1970's as well. Audiences had become more sophisticated in relation to sound. A new generation of music listeners had become accustom to high-quality home sound systems, FM radio began to take off, the quality of the compact cassette improved, and those with the means invested in recorders to listen to four-track reel-to-reel releases. Audiences of this generation were not going to be satisfied with the sound of a theater system developed two decades ago. Commensurately, theater attendance was in decline, and studios were looking for ways to attract a younger audience.
It was against this backdrop that a number of advances in film sound took place. Most notable among these was the introduction of Dolby noise reduction in the post-production stages (first used on Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange in 1971). While the film was originally released in Academy mono (due primarily to Kubrick's concern regarding how many theaters would be able to play stereo optical), it was clear from the tests done at Elstree Studios that the quality of sound could be markedly improved if the process could be applied to the optical track itself. Further development was done at Dolby Labs over the next few years, which culminated with the release of Lisztomania in 1975 and Star Wars in 1977.
Also notable was the introduction of Sensurround by Universal Studios, which was first used for the movie Earthquake in 1974.
And perhaps most important in the realm of production sound recording, 1975 marked the year that Robert Altman's movie Nashville was released, significant both for its use of multitrack dialog (with stellar work by mixer Jim Webb), in addition to live multitrack music recording (utilizing a remote truck built by the author).
While multitrack dialog recording was not exactly new per se (having been used for the production of three-channel Cinemascope films), the use of multitrack for production sound would mostly be limited to Robert Altman films for nearly two decades. It did, however, help to spur a move to a more sophisticated approach to production sound, which was still largely done on mono Nagra recorders (despite the introduction of the stereo Nagra 1970).
With the introduction of op-amp technologies, mixer designs began to take on a significant change in design philosophy during the 1970's. These advances, along with more sophisticated printed circuit board designs and smaller components, made possible more compact mixers with less current draw than their predecessors. It also heralded the adoption of a modular approach to console design, with components separated into input modules, master modules, buss assignment modules, and monitor modules. While these approaches were at first destined for the music and broadcast world, it wasn't long before they were adopted by manufacturers engaged in designing mixers for the film industry. This was due in no small part to the increase in the channel counts of film dubbing stages, which were beginning to increase with the advent of Dolby stereo in 1975.
The same approach was also used for smaller production sound mixers, with more limited facilities. The 1970's would also mark an era that would see a more ready adoption of European film sound equipment by US sound mixers. Although companies such as Sennheiser and Neumann had made inroads into the United States with their microphones (primarily for music recording), and Nagra with portable recorders, up until the seventies, if you walked into most film sound operations, nearly everything you saw was of US manufacture.
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In the early seventies, there were still not many choices when it came to lightweight production mixers (the Nagra BM-T and Sela 2880-BT not withstanding). For stage work, it was still common in Hollywood to see mixers made by both Westrex and RCA dating back at least a decade (with many custom variants) used on set. As the move to location shooting became more prevalent, sound mixers started looking for alternatives to the bulky production boards typically used for stage work.
However, there were some alternatives for those who wanted to take a bit different approach, which in many cases involved doing a bit of customizing. Notable among these were the following:
The Sennheiser M101 mixer, a four-input, mono-output mixer with built-in battery supply and T power, which was first introduced in 1969, but took a little time to catch on in the US market. Some enterprising individuals would also customize these boards into a six-input configuration.
The Stellavox AMI mixer, a five-input, two-output mixer introduced in 1971. Designed by former Nagra engineer Georges Quellet, this was intended as a companion piece to the Stellavox SP7 recorder.
The Audio Developments AD031 "Pico" mixer, which could be supplied in a few different configurations, and utilized a 24-volt power supply.
The Neve 5422 "suitcase mixer" brought to market in 1977, and intended primarily for use in location music recording and broadcast.
The Studer 169/269 series mixers, introduced circa 1978, and which could be ordered in a variety of configurations. Intended primarily as a location broadcast console for the European market, this console could be either AC- or battery-powered. While prized for its sonics by music engineers, it was only used by a handful of production mixers in the States (due in no small part to its size and weight).
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As amplifier technology evolved and components became smaller, it allowed designers the luxury of adding more features, including three-band equalization, better high-pass filters, better mic preamps, and more sophisticated signal routing. It also marked the move away from the traditional four-input mixer, which had dominated production sound recording for nearly four decades. Still, production sound equipment had to be portable, which limited the sort of features that would be found standard on even fairly rudimentary re-recording consoles of the period.
6 - Jim Webb Mixer web.jpg
A (very few) ambitious sound mixers also took it upon themselves to build or commission mixers to their liking from scratch or perform significant modifications to mixers that were designed for other purposes.
The 1970's also saw an extensive adoption of straight-line faders, which had moved from wire-wound designs to carbon composition resistive elements. While early straight-line faders were prone to problems when used under unfavorable conditions, the new faders were both smaller and more reliable. In addition, sound mixers who began their careers in music recording or post production were more receptive to using them for production work. By the end of the decade, nobody except Sela were manufacturing location mixers with rotary faders.
Despite the fact that the seventies saw a host of developments in film sound recording, it didn't translate into very many changes in the sound mixing techniques and equipment used for production work. Most of the advances made in the previous decade were in the area of re-recording, as well as the advent of Dolby Stereo on optical tracks (Stereo Variable Area), which allowed studios to release titles in L/C/R/S stereo without the need for four-track magnetic release prints. Since the optical tracks could be printed and processed on standard laboratory equipment, it greatly reduced the costs associated with making a stereo release.
As such (with the notable exception of Robert Altman), most production sound packages still consisted of a four- or six-input mixer, perhaps mated with a Nagra stereo recorder with Dolby noise reduction, and four channels of wireless. And for most productions, this was sufficient. Even with the introduction of the Sony PCM-F1 in 1981 and DAT in 1987 (both being two-channel formats), there was no compelling reason to change the basic approach used for production recording.
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While some sound mixers (including this author) opted to use somewhat larger consoles intended for broadcast and remote music recording, there weren't really many options available to the industry until the introduction of the Sonosax SX-S in 1983, and the Cooper CS-106 mixer in 1989. Like most equipment destined for the highly specialized film market, these mixers were designed by individuals who had a dedication to producing high-quality sound recording equipment specifically for the film industry.
The Sonosax SX-S mixer was the brainchild of Swiss engineer Jacques Sax, who had begun his career as a live sound mixer. Frustrated with what was available on the market at the time, he took it upon himself to design something that was more to his liking, beginning with the SX-B mixer in 1980, and culminating with the current SX-ST series consoles.
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The Cooper 106 was designed and built by Andy Cooper, who besides being a bright designer, was also cognizant of the particular needs of the film production market. So instead of designing something that he "thought" represented the needs of production mixers, he actually went out and took the time to talk with notable mixers of the era (a lesson that some manufacturers still have yet to learn).
The Cooper CS-106 marked a fairly significant departure from anything else available at the time. With straight-line faders, the option for seven inputs, three-band EQ, a lightweight chassis, DC powering, sophisticated monitoring and signal routing functions, the Cooper mixer embodied much of what production mixers had been looking for at the time.
Film sound being a very small slice of the overall worldwide audio market, larger manufacturers simply weren't interested in developing a highly labor- and design-intensive console for a small market segment, when there were much bigger rewards to be reaped in the studio, sound reinforcement, and broadcast markets. Many of the consoles built by Sonosax and Cooper Sound are still in use nearly three decades later, which attests to Jacques and Andy's strengths as careful designers who understood the rigors of film production.
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There were of course, other options available in the eighties. Audio Developments continued with their line of portable mixers, which included the AD 062 and AD 075 series. Sony actually introduced a twelve-input mixer, the MXP-61, which had some features such as 12-volt T-powered mic inputs, which were clearly aimed at the film production market, but didn't generate a lot of sales.
There were also some entries in the portable "bag rig" market, most notably by the British company SQN, which introduced the SQN-4S mixer.
Being the highly individual craft that production recording is, many sound mixers weren't content with what was offered on the commercial market, and opted to design something that suited their personal approach to production recording, or make extensive modifications to stock consoles. Not everyone who sat at a mixing board had the kind of electronic background to undertake this sort of task however.
7 - Bruce Bisenz Mixer web.jpg
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Among the few who took on this challenge during the seventies and eighties include David Ronne, an Academy Award-winning production mixer (who also designed the RollLogic remote control). Bruce Bisenz, who built a highly customized console from the ground up, and Jim Webb, who commissioned a console to his liking that was built by Jack Cashin. The list goes on...
There were also sound mixers such as Nelson Stoll, Ray Cymoszinski, Michael Evje, and others who decided they loved the big sound of the Neve consoles, and took it upon themselves to modify the boards to their liking for film work. Others (including the author) opted for the modular configurations offered by the Studer 169/269 series consoles.
The important thing to note in this regard is that every one of these sound mixers had a particular approach to the challenges of doing production sound under all kinds of conditions, and wanted a console that would give them the most flexibility and best sound quality for their style. In a world that has now become defined by the stock offering of various manufacturers, the "signature sound" that many mixers had sought to achieve during this period has now become lost.
Next up, "The Nineties."
–Scott D. Smith CAS
With sincere appreciation to Jeff Wexler CAS for invaluable contributions in style and content.
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HomeFEATUREDWhere Is Udayapur? Places To Visit In Udayapur District Of Nepal
Where Is Udayapur? Places To Visit In Udayapur District Of Nepal
Udayapur District Of Nepal
Udaipur district is located in the lap of the world's highest peak, Mount Everest, within the inner Madhes region of the Chure mountain range from the Mahabharata range. This district belongs to the Everest Zone of the Eastern Development Region of Nepal. The area of this district, which is narrowing from east to west, is 2063 square kilometers (206300 ha). Covering the hills, Beshi, Tar, and Terai on the basis of topography, this district ranks 20th in Nepal, 4th in the Eastern Development Region, and 2nd in the Everest Zone. It is bounded on the north by Bhojpur and Khotang and some parts of Vakhaldhunga on the north, on the west by Sindhuli and Dhanusha, on the south by Sirha and Saptari districts, and on the east by Sunsari and Dhankuta districts. Thus, Udaipur borders 9 districts, Which is the second district bordering many districts of Nepal. The district, which has heterogeneous geography, has settlements scattered and thin with steep hills under the Mahabharata range, while the plains between the Mahabharata foothills and the Chure range have dense forests in the Chure region on the southern border.
Triyuga Municipality is also known as Triyuga Upatyaka. Headquartered in Gaighat (Bokse) in the same municipality, the district is located at an altitude of 360 meters to 2310 meters above sea level.
Geographical location Of Udayapur District Nepal:
Latitude: 26039'0 "to 270 1'10" North Latitude Boundary: East: Bhojpur, Khotang, and Okhaldhunga
West: Sindhuli and Dhanusha South, Siraha and Saptari
East: Dhankuta and Sunsari
Area: 2063 sq km
Geographical Division: Hills, Terai and Inner Madhes
Political boundaries Of Udayapur District Nepal
The district is geographically divided into Sunkoshi in the north, Saptakoshi in the east, Kamala in the west and Chure mountains in the south. Most of the southern boundary work is separated from Siraha and Saptari by the Chure Hills. The Chure Hills, which have been continuously losing ground in the west from Afghanistan, come to an end in this district. Legend has it that the name of this district was changed to Udaipur as a king named Uday ruled the district earlier. Before 2028 BS, the district headquarters was located at Udaipur Gadhi in the present Panchawati VDC. The district headquarters has been shifted to Gaighat from June 26, 2028 BS. It is located 27 km north of Kadamaha on the Mahendra Highway.
The district is situated between the Mahabharata range and the Chure mountain range. There are scattered and thin settlements, flat plains in the Chure range from the foothills of the Mahabharata, and forests in the Chure region on the southern border. The district is also considered as the Inner Madhes as there are two large elongated plains between the Mahabharata and the Chure range. Risku, Triveni and Katari VDCs are located in the western part of the district while Thoksila, Tapeshwari, Basaha, Beltar, Sunderpur, Hadiya, Jogi Dah and 10 other VDCs and a Triyuga municipality are located in the eastern part of the district.
The remaining 34 VDCs fall from ordinary hills to remote hills. There are 10 VDCs including Tapeshwari, Basaha, Beltar, Sunderpur, Hadiya, Jogi Dah and one Triyuga municipality. The remaining 34 VDCs fall from ordinary hills to remote hills. There are 10 VDCs including Tapeshwari, Basaha, Beltar, Sunderpur, Hadiya, Jogi Dah and one Triyuga municipality. The remaining 34 VDCs fall from ordinary hills to remote hills.
Administrative Division Of Udayapur District Nepal
The district has 2 parliamentary constituencies, 4 municipalities and 4 village municipalities.
-Land area, soil erosion, land use and water storage
-Land area. Based on the topography, the district can be divided into three types of topography.
-Hilly terrain
The Sunkoshi River in the north and the hilly terrain up to the upper part of the Mahabharata in the south. About 60% of the district is covered by this terrain. About 1100 min. At an altitude of 2310 m, this area includes high hills and peaks like Lekhani, Majhkharka (Nametar), Rauta Pokhari.
-Besi and Terai area
about 550 meters to 1100 meters in height. Covering about 9% of the district's area, this area includes small valleys like Nepaltar, Murkuchi and Mainatar and valleys and ravines like Bahunitar, Bhuttar, Hardeni.
-Terai Territory Located
at an altitude of 360 m to 550 m above sea level, this land covers about 31% of the area of this district known as Inner Madhes. Located mainly on the border of Triyuga and Tawa rivers, the Chure Hills are located in the southern part of this landform. This area is severely affected by river erosion. The major places of the district are Gaighat, Katari and Beltar.
As Udaipur district is a district of rivers and streams, the land around the rivers and streams is covered with loamy soil and other places have loamy, sandy loam and loamy soils. According to the test details of the soil, the soil of this district is found to be only partially acidic and alkaline and the rest is neutral. As the large area of the district is covered with hills and slopes, the useful area for agriculture is limited. Generally, in the ancient agricultural system, paddy, maize, millet and wheat are the major crops of this district. Their productivity is also higher, especially in the plains. Oranges, pears, on the hilly and sloping slopes of the district. Although cardamom is cultivated, it has not been developed due to lack of market and financial institutions. Only 15% of the total land area of this district is cultivable land. Out of the total 30944 hectares of cultivable land, the land irrigated for 12 months is 8150 hectares and the land irrigated only during the rainy season is 7000 hectares. The irrigated area is 15794 hectares.
Soil erosion potential area
About 60% of the district is covered by hilly terrain and most of the land is sloping. Due to the complex and fragile soil conservation and structure, many parts of the district are prone to landslides. Since most of the area is hilly, the topsoil moves to the lower area. Due to this, the problem of floods and river erosion is increasing every year and the river bed is increasing tremendously. In the Terai region of Nepal, the river rises at an average rate of 15 cm per year, but in Udaipur it is estimated to be about 1 meter. If the river, the bottom of the river, is to increase in this order, then in a few years, the river will be in the place of settlement, in the place of agriculture, A mound can be seen where the river flows and where there was a river before. Due to the erosion of loamy soil in the hilly areas and erosion in some places due to land erosion, the fertility of the land in this district has declined and the living standard of the people is declining day by day. The problem of soil erosion and flooding of the lower area is most prevalent in the lower part of the Chure area. Many tons of soil is washed away from the Chure hills every year and the lower area is being filled with sandy soil. A similar problem has been created by the rain-soaked soil from the Mahabharata.
Climate Of Udayapur District Nepal
Monsoon climate in this district is characterized by more rainfall from Jestha, Ashadh to Bhadra and Asoj and less rainfall in winter. The district has a maximum temperature of 410 degrees Celsius, a minimum of 160 degrees Celsius and an average rainfall of 2,152 millimeters. Out of the total rainfall, about 80% is monsoon and 20% is volcanic. The climate here is affected by the height of the land, sea distance, mountain face, mountain latitude etc. Although the district has two types of climate, warm climate and warm temperate climate, it also has cold temperate climate at an altitude of over 2100 m (2100-23100 m). In terms of area, 80.6% of the land is hot, 18.8% is warm temperate and 0.6% is cold temperate.
Land Use Of Udayapur District Of Nepal
1.8.1 Rural Area Current Land
Use Most of this district is in rural areas. Triyuga municipality area can be counted as a city. All other parts fall in rural areas. Out of the total area of 2,06,300 hectares of land in the district, only 30,944 hectares (15%) is cultivable land. Out of the total cultivable land, irrigation facility is available in 8,767 hectares of land. Forests and saplings cover 72.98% of the land area of the district while rivers and dwellings cover about 5.34% of the land area. About 4.42% of the district is covered by pastures.
1.8.2. If the current land use
municipality area is considered as an urban area only, then the area of Triyuga municipality, the only municipality in this district, can be considered as an urban area. As its area is only about 287 square kilometers, 13.91% of the district is covered by urban areas. But even though the urban markets like Katari, Murkuchi and Beltar remain in the VDC, if these areas are taken as urban areas, the percentage of urban area of this district will be slightly higher.
1.9 Slopes
Most of the land in Udaipur district is hilly. The higher the slope of the land, the greater the probability of soil erosion. From an ecological point of view, land with a slope of up to 18% (90 degrees is considered 100% slope) has very minimal soil erosion. Therefore, in some developed countries, the use of land with a slope of more than 18% is controlled and the land with a slope of more than 50% is kept as fully protected land (Rayoa, 2057). But no such policy has been adopted in Nepal. Geographically, Udaipur district is divided into Terai and Inner Madhes, High Hills and Mid Hills. Most of the upper and central hills have a slope of more than 30 degrees, so there is little arable land in this area.
1.10 Reservoir
There are small and big rivers and ponds as the water source of the district. Although there are small ponds like Rauta Pond, Suke Pond, Tapli Pond, Jogidaha Chure Forest Pond and Jhilke Pond, there are no significant lake ponds. The largest river in the district is the Triyuga. The other two major rivers, the Tawa River flows through the western region and the Vaidyanath River, and the machine reaches the Tawa River. Other rivers in the district include Kakru Khola, Yari Khola, Rankuli, Baruwa Khola, Andheri, Bahadur Khola and Rasuwa Khola as tributaries while Sunkoshi, Saptakoshi and Kamala rivers are the border rivers. These small ponds, as the reservoir of this district, Rivers and surface water only. In terms of water utilization, the rivers of this district have been used for limited irrigation. Could not be used for other purposes. Due to the increasing deforestation in the catchment areas of these rivers and streams and the lack of proper conservation, these rivers have started cutting down a lot of rivers, which is the biggest problem in this district.
Major Tourist, Historical and Places To Visit In Udayapur District Nepal
There are some tourist areas in this district. Some of them are tourist areas of historical, religious and cultural importance while some are historical and other tourist areas. Some of the major tourist destinations in the district are as follows:
(A) Triveni Mela
(b) Udaipur Cement Factory
(c) Tapli Pond
(d) Chaudandi Durbar
(e) Udaipur Fort
(f) Rauta Pond
(g) Giddhagaya
(g) Belka Durbar (Ruins)
(h) Rajdah
(J) ) Paatle Chhango
(T) Chitretham
Places of Religious and Historical Importance
Rauta Bhagwati, Panchavati Temple, Chaudandi Shivalaya, Indreshwar Mahadev Dhimki, Khat Temple, Bagchauri, Asariko Shivalaya, Churia Mai, Ram Janaki Temple, Motigada, Siddheshwar Mahadev Chuhade, Ganesh and Bhagwati Temple, Shiva Jaljale Temple, Radha Krishna Temple Gaighat, Katari-2 Temple of Ishta Dev of Danuwar caste, Gupteswar Mahadev Temple, Kakani Temple Kalikhola etc. are places of religious importance while Chaudandi Gadhi, Udaipur Gadhi, Belkatari Darwar, Khat Bazaar, Rang Mahal, Tankela Cave Are places of historical significance.
Major rivers Saptakoshi
, Rasuwa, Triyuga, Baruwa, Kang Khola, Dwar Khola, Tawa Khola, Vaidyanath Khola, Kakaru Khola, Badura Khola, Kamala Khola etc. are prominent.
Major Lakes / Ponds
The major ponds of this district are Rauta Pond, Suke Pond, Tapli Pond, Jhilke Pond, Than Pond, Jogidaha Pond etc.
Major places of commercial importance
The major commercial places of this district are Gaighat, Katari, Beltar, Ghurmi, Jaljale, Nepaltar, Murkuchi, Rampur Thoksila etc.
Urbanization and the pattern of settlement development
The urbanization process has intensified after the road and electricity facilities reached the district headquarters Gaighat. All the government offices are located here, education and health facilities are available in this place as compared to other places in the district and after the construction of Gaighat Diktel Highway has started, the tendency to move to this market from other parts of the district and neighboring districts has increased. As the settlements in this place are growing rapidly, it is necessary to develop roads, drinking water, sewerage, etc. from the systematic town plan.
Pattern of Slum Development and Settlement
Range In the rural areas of this district, there are about two thousand CBS, 20696 settlements were seen in 2068). As most of the district is hilly, many settlements are thin and scattered. It seems to cost more to provide infrastructure and other facilities in these settlements.
Find Udayapur District In map Of Nepal
Map-Of-Nepal
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This is the place to sip ostentatious cocktails, rent a motorboat and glide around the tiny islands.
Playground for the rich and famous, in recent years Hvar has hosted the likes of Beyoncé, Eva Longoria and even Prince Harry, who infamously tumbled into a pool at Veranda nightclub.
Where? Hvar town, the largest city on Hvar Island, is situated around 1 hour's ferry journey from the Croatian city of Split.
Best time to visit? May – September (July and August are busiest and most expensive, so you'll need to book with us well in advance).
Hvar is a super versatile destination, with an Old Town and masses to explore on the rest of the island. Your itinerary can be adapted to fit the time you've got. Book 3-5 nights if you're looking to chill out at the end of your trip, explore the island and maybe sacrifice some days to a hangover. Alternatively, just hop on a return ferry from Split and spend the afternoon roaming around the beautiful cobbled streets of Hvar Town, before heading back to the mainland.
Ferries from Split run regularly and take around 1 hour. You can also connect to Hvar via Split from elsewhere in Croatia if you don't fancy the stopover. If you're finishing your Euroventure here, you can fly out of Split airport – just make sure you allow plenty of time to get back to Split by ferry and then take the airport bus. This should take around 2 hours in total.
For the best views, head up to the Fortica, Hvar's city fortress. It's worth the climb – you'll be able to see right out to sea across the Pakleni Islands and red rooves of Hvar Town.
Hitting the beach is what Hvar is all about – most are rocky or pebbly so bring a towel to lie on, but you'll find plenty of secluded spots for that all-important sunbathing. Amfora is the largest but there's also Dubovika beach which is accessible via boat.
Hvar hosts some of Europe's best and most enticing nightlife. Ever dreamed of sipping cocktails under the stars, right on the beach? That's exactly what you can do at Hvar's clubs. Check out Carpe Diem Beach or Hula Hula to watch the sun set (or rise?) in style.
Wandering around the old town is a cultural experience in itself, but to immerse yourself further, investigate the 15th Century Franciscan Monastery in Hvar town, as well as St Stephan's Cathedral on the main square.
Hvar town is centred around the Riva or Port area, but the whole town is so small you can easily explore it on foot.
The Riva is where you'll find the main town square, with its touristy restaurants, cafes and shops. Explore the coastal paths a little further and you'll come to gorgeous beaches and luxurious hotels and bars.
Venturing out, you can also visit other towns on the island by bus or boat such as Stari Grad and Jelsa. Taxi boats and tourist offices are located on the port side for excursions.
Journey out to the Pakleni Islands - these are home to a couple of Hvar's best beach bars - perfect for a quick beer stop.
Tour the tiny islands and many secluded beaches.
Book to go wine tasting in Hvar's mountainous wine regions.


text:
← BACK TO FULL TEAM
Chris Looney
Principal & Managing Director
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"I'm called to a life of service, and philanthropy is a major expression of that mission, both in terms of my own personal giving and also professionally. Assisting nonprofit organizations to advance philanthropy to enhance their missions and create improved outcomes for the communities they serve is more than my job. I see it as my calling."
Principal & Managing Director Chris Looney serves a diverse portfolio of clients and projects across the nonprofit spectrum while also managing the firm's operations in Southern California.
"The successes of CCS's projects are entirely about the people involved," says Chris. "The collective efforts of volunteers, staff, donors, and the CCS team are a powerful force. These efforts inspire me, give me hope, and keep me motivated to work hard every day."
With two decades at CCS, Chris has advised and counseled hundreds of clients, serving as a thought and action partner, always focused on driving philanthropy forward.
"I'm called to a life of service," says Chris. "Philanthropy is a major expression of my life's mission, both in terms of my own personal giving but also assisting CCS's clients to achieve their full philanthropic potential."
Chris, born into fundraising as the son of two of the nation's most respected development professionals, credits his parents for his introduction to professional fundraising.
Soon after joining CCS, Chris met his wife, Anisha, while working on a campaign. Not long after that, Anisha too was raising money professionally on behalf of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. To say fundraising is a family affair is an understatement.
As a member of the CCS Training Institute faculty, Chris is frequently speaking at conferences across the country. He is involved with chapters of the Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP) throughout Southern California, was formerly on the Board of the Association of Fundraising Professionals Foundation for Philanthropy and AFP Orange County, and currently sits on the Board of the Giving Institute and Giving USA Foundation. Chris is also active with Girls Inc. of Orange County as a Board member and the founder of their Dads for Daughters auxiliary, and the Princeton Club of Orange County, serving as President of that organization for nearly a decade.
CCS On Demand Webinars Presents "The Five Tool Fundraiser: Achieving Hall of Fame Level Fundraising Success"
CCS On Demand Webinars Presents "Managing Up: Unlocking the Benefits of Powerful Partnerships"


text:
Zhang Yizhi (張易之; died February 20, 705), formally the Duke of Heng (恆公), nickname Wulang (五郎) and Zhang Changzong (張昌宗; died February 20, 705), formally the Duke of Ye (鄴公), nickname Liulang (六郎), were two brothers who served as officials of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty and became very powerful late in her reign. Both brothers were killed in a coup that overthrew Wu Zetian in 705.

Background
It is not known when Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong were born. It is known that their father Zhang Xizang (張希臧) had, at one point, served as the census officer of Tang Dynasty's capital prefecture Yong Prefecture (雍州, roughly modern Xi'an, Shaanxi) and was a distant nephew of the chancellor Zhang Xingcheng.  Their mother might be Lady Wei or Lady Zang.

As per Tang regulations, Zhang Yizhi, as the son of an official, was able to get into a civil service career himself in his 20s, serving as the imperial director of horses (尚乘奉御, Shangcheng Fengyu). It was said that his skin at that time was white and beautiful and that he was good at singing.

As Wu Zetian's lover
In 697, Zhang Changzong was referred to Wu Zetian, then ruling with the title of emperor—the only woman in the history of China recognized for doing so—by Wu Zetian's daughter Princess Taiping, to be Wu Zetian's lover. Zhang Changzong further told Wu Zetian that Zhang Yizhi was even more skillful than he was, and so Wu Zetian took Zhang Yizhi as a lover as well. Both were repeatedly promoted—Zhang Yizhi as the deputy minister of military supplies (司衛少卿, Siwei Shaoqing)—and both were said to often put makeup on their faces and dressing in a beautiful manner. Their mother or mothers were given titles as grand ladies and Wu Zetian further ordered the chancellor Li Jiongxiu to serve as the lover for one of them. Even the most powerful officials flattered them, and referred them by endearing nicknames—Zhang Yizhi as Wulang and Zhang Changzong as Liulang (implying that Zhang Yizhi was the fifth-born son and Zhang Changzong was the sixth-born son of Zhang Xizang).

In 698, Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong were involved in the recall from exile of Wu Zetian's son Li Zhe the Prince of Luling, who had briefly been emperor in 684. The Zhangs' colleague as imperial attendant, Ji Xu, had persuaded them that they were becoming objects of hatred due to the favor that Wu Zetian had shown for them and that if they advocated Li Zhe's return and installation as crown prince, they would be able to maintain their power. The Zhangs agreed and advocated Li Zhe's return to Wu Zetian, who subsequently recalled Li Zhe from exile and made him crown prince.

In 699, Zhang Yizhi was made the director of imperial attendants (控鶴監, Konghe Jian), overseeing a group of imperial attendants, including Zhang Changzong, Ji, Tian Guidao (田歸道), Li Jiongxiu, Xue Ji and Yuan Banqian (員半千).

In 700, Zhang Yizhi was on one occasion offended by the official Yang Yuanxi (楊元禧)—a grandnephew of the Sui Dynasty chancellor Yang Su, who had been believed to be involved with Emperor Yang of Sui in killing Emperor Yang's father Emperor Wen of Sui. Zhang Yizhi retaliated against Yang Yuanxi by arguing to Wu Zetian that family members of Yang Su should not be allowed to serve in the capital, and Wu Zetian agreed, demoting Yang Yuanxi and his brother Yang Yuanheng (楊元亨) out of the capital Luoyang.

Also in 700, in order to somewhat shield her relationship with the Zhangs from the public eye, Wu Zetian commissioned them and the imperial scholar Li Jiao to compile a work known as the Essence of Pearls from the Three Religions (三教珠英, Sanjiao Zhuying)—a compilation of various poetry about Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism—to give the Zhangs a legitimate reason to enter the palace.

By 701, Wu Zetian, then 76 years old, had been largely entrusting the affairs of state to Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong—a situation that her grandson Li Chongrun (son of Li Zhe, who had by now changed his name to Xian) disapproved and had discussed with his sister Li Xianhui the Lady Yongtai and Li Xianhui's husband, Wu Zetian's grandnephew Wu Yanji (武延基) the Prince of Wei.  When the Zhangs became aware of the conversation, they reported this to Wu Zetian, who saw this discussion as an implicit criticism of herself, and she ordered Li Chongrun, Li Xianhui, and Wu Yanji to commit suicide.

In 702, Wu Zetian induced Li Zhe, his younger brother Li Dan the Prince of Xiang, and Princess Taiping to submit formal petitions to create Zhang Changzong a prince.  Wu Zetian formally rejected the petitions, but then created Zhang Changzong the Duke of Ye and Zhang Yizhi the Duke of Heng.

By 703, the Zhangs were displeased with the chancellor Wei Yuanzhong, as Wei had repeatedly rebuffed the promotion of their brother Zhang Changqi (張昌期) and had publicly humiliated another brother, Zhang Changyi (張昌儀).  When Wu Zetian suffered a minor illness, the Zhangs became concerned that if Wu Zetian had died, they would be killed by Wei, and therefore falsely accused Wei and a favorite of Princess Taiping, Gao Jian (高戩), of having speculated about Wu Zetian's death.  They persuaded the official Zhang Shuo to falsely corroborate the accusations against Wei, although, once Zhang Shuo was brought into Wu Zetian's presence, he not only recanted the accusation against Wei but further accused the Zhangs of suborning perjury from him.  As a result, Wei, Gao, and Zhang Shuo were all exiled, but none of the three suffered death.  Zhang Yizhi further accused eight people who held a send-off feast for Wei of treason, but was not successful in getting the eight men executed.

In 704, Zhang Yizhi was accused of corruption, and as a result of the investigation, Zhang Changyi and another brother, Zhang Tongxiu (張同休), were removed from their offices.  The imperial censor Song Jing, who had long resented the Zhangs, volunteered to investigate Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong, and Wu Zetian publicly agreed, but then sent Song out of the capital to investigate Qutu Zhongxiang (屈突仲翔) the commandant at You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern Beijing), giving the case instead to the minister of ceremonies, Cui Shenqing (崔神慶), who knew that she wanted them spared, and therefore cleared them.

Death
By early 705, Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and the chancellor Zhang Jianzhi, believing that the Zhangs' power threatened Li Xian's succession, entered into a coup plot with the other officials Cui Xuanwei, Jing Hui, Huan Yanfan, and Yuan Shuji.  They rose on February 20 and went to see Li Xian and, after receiving his assent, took their forces into the palace and killed Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong at Yingxian Courtyard (迎仙院); their brothers Zhang Changqi, Zhang Tongxiu, and Zhang Changyi were also killed, and the five men's heads were hung at Tianjin Bridge (天津橋), one of the entries to Luoyang.  The officials then forced Wu Zetian to yield the throne to Li Xian (as Emperor Zhongzong), ending Zhou Dynasty and restoring Tang Dynasty.

In 750, during the reign of Wu Zetian's grandson Emperor Xuanzong, Zhang Changqi's daughter submitted a petition defending her father and uncles.  With assistance by her cousin, the chancellor Yang Guozhong (whose mother was a sister of the Zhang brothers'), her petition was accepted by Emperor Xuanzong, and he posthumously restored the Zhang brothers' titles.

Notes

References

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 78.
 New Book of Tang, vol. 104.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 206, 207.

Tang dynasty politicians
Tang dynasty generals
705 deaths
Chinese spiritual writers
Tang dynasty writers
7th-century births
Wu Zetian

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: could not create a list of fields for the query I am clicking on REFRESH FIELDS for my query for a shared dataset, and getting this error:

here's my query:
Select
            p.AgeCodePL ,
p.BirthDate ,
p.CommunityIDY  ,
p.Company   ,
p.CreatedbyUser ,
p.DateCreated   ,
p.DateExpired   ,
p.DateUpdated   ,
p.Department    ,
p.EthnicityFK   ,
p.FirstName firstFirstName,
p.GenderUL  ,
p.LastName  ,
p.MaritalStatusUL   ,
p.MiddleName    ,
p.NickName  ,
p.PeopleIDY ,
p.PrefixUL  ,
p.RaceUL    ,
p.ReligionUL    ,
p.Salutation    ,
p.SpouseName    ,
p.SSN   ,
p.SuffixUL  ,
p.Title ,
p.UpdatedbyUser ,
r.ACT_ID    ,
r.HEA_ID    ,
r.INT_ID    ,
r.LIF_ID    ,
r.NetworkSet    ,
r.PER_ID    ,
r.RES_Active    ,
r.RES_Bio   ,
r.RES_BioUpdate ,
r.RES_BioUpdateBy   ,
r.RES_CommunityIDY  ,
r.RES_CurrentUnitNumber ,
r.RES_DateStarted   ,
r.RES_DiscNotes1    ,
r.RES_DiscNotes2    ,
r.RES_DiscNotes3    ,
r.RES_DiscNotes4    ,
r.RES_DiscNotes5    ,
r.RES_ExpiredDate   ,
r.RES_ExpiredUser   ,
r.RES_FinishedDate  ,
r.RES_HasImage  ,
r.RES_LastUserUpdated   ,
r.RES_LobbyBio  ,
r.RES_LobbyBioUpdate    ,
r.RES_LobbyBioUpdateBy  ,
r.RES_NoPart    ,
r.RES_PeopleIDY ,
r.RES_PhyMoveInDate ,
r.RES_TasksSet  ,
r.RES_UpdatedImage  ,
r.STA_ID    ,
r.STA_Type  ,
r.TES_ID    ,
rr.CommunityIDY ,
rr.CurrentUnitNumber    ,
rr.Gender   ,
rr.MainBirthDate    ,
rr.MainFirstName    ,
rr.MainLastName ,
rr.MainPeopleIDY    ,
rr.Name ,
rr.ProspectIDY  ,
s.RES_ID    ,
s.STA_Active    ,
s.STA_CreatedOn ,
s.STA_DateUpdated   ,
s.STA_Details   ,
s.STA_EditedDate    ,
s.STA_EditedUser    ,
s.STA_ID    ,
s.STA_Reason    ,
s.STA_Solution  ,
s.STA_Type  ,
s.STA_User  ,
u.PRO_ID    ,
u.STU_ID    ,
u.TEA_ID    ,
u.USR_AboutMe   ,
u.USR_Active    ,
u.USR_AllComm   ,
u.USR_Bday  ,
u.USR_BdayDay   ,
u.USR_CellPhone ,
u.USR_CommLocation  ,
u.USR_CommunityIDY  ,
u.USR_ContactFor    ,
u.USR_DirectPhone   ,
u.USR_Email ,
u.USR_EntAdmin  ,
u.USR_FavBooks  ,
u.USR_FavMovies ,
u.USR_FavPart   ,
u.USR_FavQuotes ,
u.USR_Fax   ,
u.USR_First ,
u.USR_Goals ,
u.USR_HasImage  ,
u.USR_HomeTown  ,
u.USR_ID    ,
u.USR_Interests ,
u.USR_INTL_Password ,
u.USR_INTL_UserName ,
u.USR_IsSales   ,
u.USR_JoinedKisco   ,
u.USR_Last  ,
u.USR_LastLogin ,
u.USR_LastProUpdate ,
u.USR_Name  ,
u.USR_OtherTeams    ,
u.USR_Password  ,
u.USR_PlacesBeen    ,
u.USR_REPS_Password ,
u.USR_REPS_UserIDY  ,
u.USR_REPS_UserName ,
u.USR_Role  ,
u.USR_RoleDescrip

            from
            Status s
            Inner Join Residents r
            ON r.RES_ID = s.RES_ID
            Left Join REPSResidents rr
            ON rr.MainPeopleIDY = r.RES_PeopleIDY
            Inner Join Associate u
            ON s.STA_User = u.USR_ID
            Inner Join KSLSQL1.[RPS-201065-000].dbo.people p
            ON r.RES_PeopleIDY = p.PeopleIDY
            Where
            rr.CommunityIDY in (@Community)
            and (s.STA_Reason is not null and s.STA_Reason <> '')
and s.STA_Active = 1
and s.STA_DateUpdated between @BegDate and dateadd(d,1,@EndDate)
Order by
s.STA_DateUpdated DESC

what am i doing wrong?

A: The issue is because you have two columns with the exact same name in your query:
r.RES_ID    ,
s.RES_ID    ,

The columns must have different names.  Either give them an alias to make them distinct or remove one of them, since they will have identical values based on your join.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MGM is working on a biopic of Boy George
The film will document much of Boy George's early life.
Hot on the heels of other music biopics like Bohemian Rhapsody and Rocketman, Boy George is now getting the treatment, courtesy of MGM Studios.
The film will chronicle Boy George's early life in Ireland, before looking at his rise to stardom in the 80s with Culture Club. On Instagram, the singer called the announcement of the film "thrilling."
Deadline reports that Sacha Gervasi is set to write and direct the film. Gervasi has directed two other biographical films before, Anvil! The Story of Anvil and Hitchcock.
Also tied with the project are Kevin King Templeton and Paul Kemsley as producers and Jessica de Rothschild and Boy George as executive producers.
Jonathan Glickman, the president of MGM, said: "There is no filmmaker better suited than Sacha Gervasi to tell George's confessional story with the irreverence and emotion it deserves.
"We couldn't be more thrilled to be working with both of them to bring this remarkably honest and wildly entertaining tale to audiences around the world."
Gervasi spoke highly of Boy George, saying the singer was a "trailblazer and a true original."
He added: "In the London clubs of the '80s, George was impossible to miss and everyone knew he would be a star long before the world had ever heard a note of Culture Club's iconic songs. As you can imagine, George's life story is wickedly entertaining, yet also poignant and inspiring. I'm both honored and excited to be the one to guide it onto the big screen."
And Kevin King Templeton said: "Having got to know George over the last three to four years, it's important to me to ensure his story got told on screen."
Other music legends set for future biopics are Judy Garland; David Bowie, although the family do not support the project; and potentially Madonna after Rocketman's director, Dexter Fletcher, said he'd love to direct one on the legendary singer.
However, back in 2017, Madonna spoke against a possible biopic, saying: "Nobody knows what I know and what I have seen. Only I can tell my story. Anyone else who tries is a charlatan and a fool. Looking for instant gratification without doing the work."


Top Stories, Mar 27-Apr 2: Standardization and Specialization in Data Science; What is Structural Equation Modeling?
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Deep Stubborn Networks - A Breakthrough Advance Towards Adversarial Machine Intelligence - Apr 01, 2017.
A Short Guide to Navigating the Jupyter Ecosystem - Mar 31, 2017.
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text:
Home » March 12, 2014: Army Awards 20 Contracts for Renewable Energy
HVAC Breaking News
March 12, 2014: Army Awards 20 Contracts for Renewable Energy
The Base Contracts Enable Third-Party-Financed Renewable Energy Projects
KEYWORDS biomass / renewable energy / solar energy / wind power
HUNTSVILLE, Ala. — The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has announced the award of 20 base contracts to companies for renewable energy-related technologies. The contracts, including 15 for solar energy, three for wind energy, and two for biomass energy, are part of a $7 billion large-scale renewable and alternative energy power production contract.
The base contracts enable third-party-financed renewable energy projects to be developed by the approved companies, and involve no Army or Department of Defense (DOD) capital or military construction appropriations. The Army or DOD will purchase the power from contractors who own, operate, and maintain the renewable energy generating facilities that move forward. The new contracts will support the Army in meeting its congressionally mandated energy goal of 25 percent production of energy from renewable sources by 2025, improving the energy security and sustainability of Army installations.
Companies receiving contracts include: ABM Government Services LLC, Hopkinsville, Ky.; Ameresco Inc., Framingham, Mass.; Chevron Energy Solutions Co., San Francisco; Constellation NewEnergy Inc., Baltimore; Distributed Sun LLC, Washington, D.C.; and more.
The selected companies will be eligible to bid on future renewable energy projects, as renewable energy opportunities at Army installations are assessed and validated.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering and Support Center, working with the Army Energy Initiatives Task Force, has previously awarded 59 contracts for solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal technologies.
Oct. 24, 2013: Siemens Wins Contracts for Army's Renewable Energy Program
May 21, 2014: Mainstream Engineering Awarded Army Contract for Thermal Energy Storage Device
Nov. 6, 2014: TDIndustries Awarded Energy Monitoring Contract for Army & Air Force Exchange Service
Sept. 12, 2011: Army Establishes Task Force for Large-Scale Renewable Energy Projects
ACHR News August 20, 2018, Issue
ACHR News May 20, 2019, Issue
ACHR News November 12, 2018, Issue
ACHR News March 11, 2019, Issue
NATE Testing Session


text:
CTC members in WW1
Cyclists taking part in the Ride to the Somme 2016 event arrive at The Memorial to the Missing at Thiepval in France
By Tony Upfold
"Cycling for pleasure and cycling with the Army cyclist's full equipment are two very different matters. Indeed, there is a wide gulf between the two. If you don't believe it get into khaki at once and join a cyclist battalion!"
So wrote Lance Corporal A. S. for the benefit of his fellow CTC members 100 years ago in an article entitled 'With the Cyclists in Khaki'.
We don't know the author's full name. We do know he was one of dozens of CTC members who served in one of the Cyclist Battalions which fought during the First World War.
Each Armistice Day, at 11am the nation falls silent for two minutes to remember Lance Corporal A.S. and millions like him who have fought and died in conflicts around the globe during the last century.
As part of the commemorations on 11th November every year, wreaths are laid and cyclists stop to pay their respects at the Cyclists' Memorial, erected in 1921 on the village green in Meriden, West Midlands – the centre of England.
CTC Gazette
Whether Lance Corporal A. S. survived the conflict is unknown, but in the December 1916 issue of the CTC Gazette he was very much alive and giving his fellow cyclists an insight into his life in the Army.
He wrote: "…cyclists have proved themselves a very mobile and useful branch of the Army, and a company of good riders and excellent shots can prove themselves the right men to get to the right spot in quick time."
He explains that "strength and endurance are two of the chief requisites" of being a cycling soldier. The third requisite he doesn't mention is courage.
Some of the most brutal fighting of the First World War took place in 1916. On February 21 the Germans began their attack on Verdun, which was ultimately defended by the French in the longest battle of the war that finally ended on December 18, at great cost to both sides. The biggest naval battle in history also took place that year, at Jutland.
But one name resonates louder than any other from 1916 – the Somme.
The Battle of the Somme began on July 1, sparking 141 days of horror as the British and French fought the Germans on a 15-mile front. That first day has gone down as the bloodiest in British military history, with 19,240 of our soldiers killed and nearly 40,000 injured. By the time the Somme Offensive ended on 18 November, there were over one million dead and wounded on all sides.
A Remembrance Sunday special edition of Countryfile on BBC One will be of interest to Cycling UK members, as presenter Helen Skelton takes part in a special cycle ride across northern France to commemorate the Battle of the Somme 100 years ago. Helen took part in Ride to the Somme 2016, an event organised by SSAFA, the Armed Forces charity, to raise money to help servicemen and women, veterans and their families in need following present-day conflicts.
…cyclists have proved themselves a very mobile and useful branch of the Army, and a company of good riders and excellent shots can prove themselves the right men to get to the right spot in quick time.
Lance Corporal A.S. writing in the CTC Gazette in December 1916
During the programme she discovers more about the brave cycling battalions which travelled from many parts of rural Britain to fight on the Western Front, and also meets fellow riders to hear their personal reasons for taking on the cycling challenge.
The SSAFA's Ride to the Somme 2017 will start on Wednesday 30 August next year and will culminate at The Tyne Cot Memorial on Saturday 2nd September. There will be visits en route to a number of cemeteries which have graves of soldiers from the Army Cyclist Corps, which was founded in 1914.
Three CTC Rolls of Honour were published in the club's monthly Gazette during 1916, listing the names of 103 members who had been killed in action.
The March issue also included an appeal for members to continue their support of the club, stating: "If the CTC were to fail us now, there is no other organisation to take its place.
"For the moment, the Club's activities are naturally characterised by quietness, but we are inclined to believe that the time may come when a strong cycling organisation will again be needed to bear a hand in fighting the cyclist's battles, and perhaps the need will be greater than ever before. For instance, signs are not lacking that an attempt will be made to stampede the authorities into giving the rear-lighting of cycles a permanent place in the legal code of this country."
CTC membership
By the end of the war, CTC's membership had dwindled to just 8,546. Although the club recorded a profit of £43 13sh 6d in 1916, that was the last time the finances were in the black for five years.
A century ago, the CTC Gazette was also encouraging members to collect eggs for the sick and wounded soldiers in the nation's hospitals, as by this time there was a serious egg shortage.
There were adverts for linen or paper War Maps, published by Messrs John Bartholomew and Co, which could help members identify battle sites across Europe, and appeals for donations to the National Cyclists' Union, which was supplying food parcels for cyclist PoWs – CTC members among them.
There was still time for cycling as well, with hundreds attending the Northern Old-Time Cyclists' Rally at the Ring o' Bells, Daresbury, Cheshire, on Sunday 27 August. But the war was never far away and £30 was collected in donations for the Cyclist Prisoners of War Fund.
Armistice Day History
Commemorating cyclists in conflicts on VE day View
Hi Tony Upfold, Do you have a
Permalink robharding•4 years 2 months ago
Hi Tony Upfold,
Do you have a list of CTC members who served and who died in WW1?


Home Prints Adelina Patti : drawn and printed expressly for "The Folio."
Adelina Patti : drawn and printed expressly for "The Folio."
Creator(s) Drummond, Dominick I., approximately 1830-1899.
White, Smith & Perry, publisher.
Title Adelina Patti : drawn and printed expressly for "The Folio."
Physical Description 1 print : lithograph, b&w ; image 16.8 x 12.5 cm., sheet 24.1 x 20.2 cm.
Summary Subject: A portrait of Adelina Patti.


"IT Week: Has the SCO legal pursuit deterred business Linux uptake?
"Stuart Cohen: I think it's the best thing that ever happened to Linux. It's got us on every front page for months. In the spring there was a lot of due diligence and internal counsel going on but by July and August [buyers knew] there was nothing there. The code is either OK or it will be surgically removed so [users are] covered. We set up an indemnification fund... but I don't know anybody who's holding off..."