text:
Image: YouTube/Caught In Providence When one mom arrived in court to face hundreds of dollars of parking charges, she no doubt expected t...
% This Mom Was In Court For $300 Parking Fines. But Then Her Daughter Told The Judge She Was Starving
by creepyworld July 16, 2021 0 commentaires
Image: YouTube/Caught In Providence
When one mom arrived in court to face hundreds of dollars of parking charges, she no doubt expected the worst. But when her daughter took to the stand, everything changed. Why? Well, the little girl told the judge that she was starving – and it melted his heart completely.
Thousands of people know Frank Caprio as the no-nonsense judge on TV's Caught in Providence. However, his history goes much further back than that. Indeed, he studied law at night school while working as a teacher and was appointed to the bar in 1965.
Image: YouTube/WPRI
Twenty years later, he became the chief judge at Providence Municipal Court. And since then, he has evidently proven popular with those at Providence City Council, as they have re-elected him six times. He also founded the law firm Caprio & Caprio and remains a senior partner there.
However, it wasn't until the year 2000 that the cameras began rolling for Caught in Providence, and Caprio started to become more widely known. The show first aired on local access television in Providence, but it soon moved to ABC6-WLNE.
Image: YouTube/Free to Speak
The show features real people and real court cases. And, although some may consider him the star of the show, Caprio sees nothing frivolous about his role. "I'm not here on the court to be an entertainer," he has said in the past. "My primary role is to do justice."
Still, that hasn't stopped YouTube clips of some of Caught in Providence's cases from going viral. And one such episode from 2017 particularly caught the public's attention. It featured a woman who had turned up for court with her two daughters in tow.
The woman in question had wound up in front of Judge Caprio after authorities accused her of parking on a sidewalk. Then, when she was faced with a $100 fine, she failed to pay up.
When the woman arrived in court, though, Caprio seemed more interested in talking to her six-year-old daughter, Janice. So he called the little girl up to the stand to find out more about her. He asked her, for instance, what her favorite subjects at school were, and she answered that they were math and English.
As they built up a rapport, Caprio went on to ask what Janice wanted to be when she grew up. And when she told him that she wanted to be a teacher, he was delighted. "That's a great job," he said. "That way you can help other people to improve their lives."
On this occasion, though, Caprio needed Janice's help in a different way. He wanted her to help judge her mom in a "fair and honest" way. And, thankfully, the clever little girl agreed to his proposition.
So, after relaying her mom's charges, Caprio asked the defendant if she had an explanation. "I went to my cousin's house to pick up something," she said. "They were having a party and I didn't want nobody to hit my car, so I went on the sidewalk."
Judge Caprio then gave Janice two options: she could charge her mom with all the penalties, which would total $300, or she could waive the penalties and just have her mom pay the original $100 ticket.
But then Caprio revealed a third option: he could do something kind for Janice's mom. For instance, they could cut the fine to $50. Or, if Janice thought it was fair, he could drop the charges altogether, and her mother would get away without paying a cent.
When quizzed, Janice decided that the fairest option was to charge her mom $50. However, Caprio decided to change the subject for a second. He asked Janice what she'd had for breakfast that morning – and her response appeared to move him.
Janice explained that she hadn't eaten anything before arriving at the courthouse. "I didn't have anything this morning. I'm actually starving," the little girl admitted. It was then that Judge Caprio decided to make a deal with her mom.
He said that if the woman agreed to buy her children breakfast after her court appearance then he'd dismiss the case. Faced with another option, Janice agreed that the offer of breakfast was the best deal. And after giving Judge Caprio a heartwarming hug, she made her way out of the courtroom with her family.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the touching judgement proved popular with Caught in Providence's viewers. The footage soon began to circulate online, too, and one clip on YouTube clocked up more than 500,000 views.
Furthermore, those who watched the clip were full of praise for Judge Caprio and his verdict. "This is great to see," one YouTube user wrote. "Who is this guy and how can I vote for him? This kind of compassion is needed all over."
"I wish there was more compassion in the world and [we'd] stand with each other, helping one another [rather] than just [handing out] harsh punishments," another added. "We have lost the sense of compassion, and punishment has become the number one goal for government."
In this case, perhaps Judge Caprio was right to go easy on the struggling mom. By charging her the full penalty, he would arguably have been taking food out of her children's mouths. And his actions proved that even people in power can have the softest of hearts.


Today your children will love the recipe and probably most your friends as well !
What do you think of a marshmallow on a biscuit covered by chocolate?
I suggest you buy a scale spoon because it is very difficult to quantify such a small amount.
You may very well increase the quantity of the sweets, they will surely be eaten fast but I always advise when testing a new recipe try to stick to what it says.
You can always substitute when you already know what to expect from a recipe.
Let it chill at least 30 min.
Roll the dough 0.5 cm thick. With a cookie cutter make biscuits.
Preferably cool on a wire rack.
it will even look prettier .
Poach on the cookies making small mountains.
If it is not perfect it is not important and rather amusing.
Children would be more than happy to help you, the pastry bag is always an attraction my house.
Let them dry for 15 minutes.
Melt the dark chocolate, milk or white and cover the snow hook!
I used a fairly good amount to cover them fully.
If you wish you can add vermicelli or colored sugar .
Allow to dry at room temperature as the refrigerator will tend to put spots on the chocolate.
Although I doubt you will have left overs but if you do make sure you do not to keep more than 24 hours, and they shall be stored in the refrigerator.
It is always pleasure to read your comment. Also do not hesitate to ask questions I will be more than happy to answer you.
It seems a bit long but so worth it.
Do not over knead the dough and allow time to rest.
For your butter if it comes from the refrigirator, do not hesitate to cut it into cubes and put it in the microwave 10 seconds low power if it is not enough to add another 5 seconds.
Mix butter and icing sugar with a spatula until you get an homogeneous mixture.
but I double or even quadruple the quantities as the food processor is big.
I then freeze the unused one.
It is always conforting to have already homemade one when you need it.
Just let it defreeze gently in the refrigerator, or if you do not have time at room temperature, it takes about an hour.
Add the egg and continue mixing.
to avoid finding pieces of shells I broke the egg in a ramekin that I added to the preparation.
With the food processor I use power 2 « sheet ».
You then get a « creamy ».
Add flour, salt, flavor extract and mix until you get a ball shape.
Or use your food processor with the hook.
Form a shape and flatten it gently.
Refrigerate at least 30 minutes in cling film.
Caution: Do not overwork the dough or it will crumble.
It is also important to let the dough rest.
it avoid shrinking while baking.


This really cute bow cardigan in ivory is bowtastic! This cardigan is soft and the bows will make a great chew toy. We are positive you and the little girl will just fall in love with this look. MaeLi Rose is one of our customer's favorite girls' boutique clothing brands known for its attention to detail and impeccable quality.


text:
New BBC documentary Cornwall: This Fishing Life applauded for glimpse into life in Mevagissey
The scenic fishing village was showcased in a new series that has received praise from tourists and locals alike
Malcolm Saunders (Image: BBC/Folk Films)
A new BBC documentary that offered an unprecedented look into the unique lives of fishermen in Mevagissey has been applauded by viewers.
Cornwall: This Fishing Life is a six-part series, with the first episode, which focused on one of the few remaining working fishing villages in the county, airing on Tuesday (January 7).
Last night viewers learned of the struggles facing one of Cornwall's oldest occupations.
With young people unable to afford houses in the communities in which they grew up and a steady income, which isn't something associated with fishing, needed to get a mortgage, recruitment has suffered.
In last night's episode, some of which was filmed in 2018 during devastating storms nicknamed the Beast from the East, viewers were introduced to Chris Blamey, the son of a popular local fisherman.
He said: "I don't have a problem with people moving here and spending their time here but I have a problem with people buying a house here and not living in it - that is an issue.
"It's damaging to the community."
David Warwick is singlehandedly the skipper of a boat that should be operated by two men.
David added: "It is hard to get crew but youngsters can't afford to stay in the village – a lot of them move away – so yes, it is impacting the crew."
Jack West (Image: BBC / Folk Films)
Speaking of house prices in the village, Jack West, 26, whose family had spent thousands on refitting a boat, admitted: "Before you know it we will be driven out. It will turn it into something like Padstow and we don't really want that."
The episode also touched upon a vote given to residents of Mevagissey which looked to ban second homes. The referendum, which was voted on in June 2018, was supported by a landslide 90% of voters.
Residents involved in creating the Mevagissey Neighbourhood Development Plan (NDP) were fighting for a change to block second home buyers from purchasing properties, in an effort to "restore the balance to the playing field for local people".
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It followed a rule brought in at St Ives in 2016, which was supported by more than 80% of voters, to ban new-builds being sold as second homes.
Since it aired, viewers have taken to social media to praise the documentary.
Writing on Facebook, Paula Burns said: "I loved this programme, all the fishermen worked so hard and do still, work so hard bless. Also loved how they talked about housing, second homes, as they say, keep the homes for the fishermen! Not holiday homes."
Cornish Mackerel Fisherman (Image: BBC / Folk Films)
Rita Dowling added: "Loved this program. We moved to Cornwall over 20 years ago and absolutely love it. Great to see real life in a Cornish village."
Elizabeth Swann posted: "Really enjoyed it, as a tourist (sorry locals love your village but do respect you're lifestyle) love visiting and soaking up the atmosphere."
Janet Moffatt commented: "Can't wait for next week to see my friends and familiar faces of Newlyn, my hometown. Great show well done."
Carol Sherwood wrote: "Brilliant viewing... Can't wait for next week. I love the individuality of each fisherman's personal story, the drive and most of all the shared passion. Great stuff.
"I've watched my father, painting and preparing his boat over the winter, so many times. Making crab pots and mending nets... Thanks for bringing those memories alive."
Lizzie Lewis added: "Well done Jack and all hard working young fisherman. Well balanced program BBC, community and tourism."
Henry brothers - Ivor, Magnus and Cameron (Image: BBC / Folk Films)
Jake Conway said: "Awesome programme! And I couldn't agree more. The last thing anyone wants is Mevagissey turning into Padstein."
Barbara Lewis posted: "Excellent programme, will certainly be watching the rest of the series."
Sandra Pengelly added: "Brilliant well done to all of you involved made us Cornish proud."
Philip Martin commented: "Damned second home owners leaving the village folk and fishermen to find social housing. Immoral."
Episode two will be all about Newlyn, Cornwall's biggest fishing port.
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Episode two
A spokesman for the show said: "For centuries, pilchards were a staple of the Cornish fishing industry. They would be caught using drift nets by the tens of thousands, then packed in salt and sent to Italy. But demand waned and the drift net fishery, once the mainstay of the Cornish fleet, faded away in the 1960s.
"In recent years though, the humble pilchard has been rebranded as the Cornish sardine, and the hundreds of drift netters have been replaced by just 15 hi-tech ring-netters - the sardine is once more a highly-prized and lucrative catch.
"Sardine fishing is unlike anything else. In the summer months, the sardines migrate into Cornish waters. Instead of setting static nets or trawling, the sardine boats use a special technique called purse-seining. They encircle entire shoals as they are moving and scoop them out. The crews fish through the night, quietly hunting their prey under the cover of darkness.
"Eight boats work out of Newlyn, Cornwall's biggest fishing port. Ocean Fish are the biggest player in the game – they are both fish processors and owners of four orange boats. Veteran Pete Buckland is skipper aboard one of their biggest, the Mayflower. Pete has done ten sardine seasons, five as skipper, but all that experience doesn't make the sardines easy to find.
Ben George (Image: BBC/Folk Films)
"It is going to be a big year for first-time skipper James Roberts. He is stepping up from deckhand to take the helm of Ocean Fish's oldest and smallest boat, The Resolute. Now he is responsible not only for the boat, but also the livelihoods of his crew. With a young family and a big mortgage to pay, it is going to be a challenging season for James.
"Competition comes from four privately-owned boats, including the Lyonesse. Skippered by Will Treneer, it has the youngest crew in the fleet.
"David Pascoe is at the helm of the Serene Dawn. As one of Newlyn's ring-netting pioneers, David has witnessed the rapid growth of the fishery. Concerned that it has grown too big, he no longer shares the enthusiasm of his younger rivals.
"Cornish sardines have been a major success story. Since its resurgence in the early 2000s, the fishery has grown into a multi-million-pound industry. The fishery holds the prized Marine Stewardship Council Badge, or MSC badge, for sustainability. Stock levels were recognised to be so healthy that sardines have never been a quota species. The skippers have always been able to land as many fish as they can catch.
"But now, for the first time the sardine fishery has to urgently manage its catch. Scientists have recently discovered that sardines caught in Cornwall are a separate genetic stock from sardines caught further South. The prized MSC label is based on the understanding that the sardines were all one stock. So whilst new studies are carried out, the MSC has asked the fishery to put a cap on how much they catch. The sardine fishermen, usually competitors have been forced to work together. Difficult nights may be coming for Cornwall's sardine fleet."
Cornwall: This Fishing Life returns next Tuesday at 8pm.
Plastic Free CornwallAftermath of Storm Brendan shows Cornwall battered by ferocious gales and monster wavesAnyone lost a watering can?
St AustellFury as council removes play equipment from two parks in the same village
Cornwall Council says it won't be replaced

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Starting in September 2012, Texas-based pipeline giant Kinder Morgan will begin public consultations for an estimated $4 billion expansion of its Trans Mountain pipeline from Alberta's oil sands in Edmonton to through Metro Vancouver. Their plan is to more than double the capacity of the pipeline by 2017. The project rivals Enbridge's Northern Gateway pipeline, which aims to export crude oil from Alberta tar sands through the Great Bear Rainforest. With the benefit of an existing right-of-way, could Kinder Morgan succeed in making Vancouver the first major artery of oil sands expansion on the West Coast? Or will their record of oil spills tar up their plans?
This is the fourth of a five part series, Southern Gateway: An American pipeline giant's plans for Vancouver.
Burnaby-Douglas MP Kennedy Stewart has a close eye on Kinder Morgan's plans for expanding the Trans Mountain pipeline which will run through his riding. Photo credit: Kennedy Stewart's Facebook page.
Burnaby-Douglas MP Kennedy Stewart is keeping a close eye on Kinder Morgan's plans. The Trans Mountain pipeline goes right through his riding. He's brought the issue up in the House of Commons and wants to ensure that a thorough consultation process and environmental assessment goes through.
He commissioned a map detailing the pipeline's route in his riding in order to make his constituents aware that their homes could possibly be in jeapordy if the National Energy Board decides to expropriate them for Kinder Morgan's expansion of the Trans Mountain pipeline.
Expropriation would be an extreme case, he said, but it could be a possibility.
An interview with Kennedy on CTV News on May 27, 2012 about his newly released route map of the Trans Mountain pipeline through Burnaby-Douglas, and how Kinder Morgan's plans to add a new pipeline may adversely affect many local homeowners. Source: YouTube.
Texas-based Kinder Morgan plans to more than double the capacity of its Trans Mountain pipeline to 750,000 barrels of oil per day.
Kinder Morgan Canada will be seeking approval for a 150-metre-wide general corridor for the expansion, that if approved, could serve as a "potential expropriation zone," said Stewart to the Abbotsford News.
Stewart has compared a 150-metre-wide corrdidor to a 40-lane-highway.
Kinder Morgan has stated that it will begin public consultation on their pipeline expansion in September and that they hope to negotiate to avoid expropriation. The expanded pipeline route could also deviate from the current one to accomodate urban areas.
While stating that he's no "rabid environmentalist," Stewart said that we do need to manage the energy sector much better and invest the revenue from these resources to benefit Canadians instead of ripping them out of the ground as fast as possible and selling them off to export markets, a traditional Canadian approach to resources dating back to when Europeans landed on these shores.
Kennedy Stewart at a community forum in June about the proposed expansion of the Trans Mountain pipeline. Photo credit: Kennedy Stewart's Facebook page.
While critical of the way the oil sands are being developed, Stewart said the solution is better management, not shutting them down.
"My brother is a forester," Stewart said, "and we always talk about managing resources, not whether you use them or don't use them. You are going to use them to a point, it's just a matter of how you use them.
"I think a lot of people would probably say it's very destructive and bad for the world but if managed properly it might not be bad at all.


text:
Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors
Francisco Espejo-Porras, Javier Fernandez-Ruiz*, Roger G. Pertwee, Raphael Mechoulam, Concepcion Garcia
The broad presence of CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia, mainly in GABA- or glutamate-containing neurons, as well as the presence of TRPV1 receptors in dopaminergic neurons and the identification of CB2 receptors in some neuronal subpopulations within the basal ganglia, explain the powerful motor effects exerted by those cannabinoids that can activate/block these receptors. By contrast, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with a broad therapeutic profile, is generally presented as an example of a cannabinoid compound with no motor effects due to its poor affinity for the CB1 and the CB2 receptor, despite its activity at the TRPV1 receptor. However, recent evidence suggests that CBD may interact with the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor to produce some of its beneficial effects. This may enable CBD to directly influence motor activity through the well-demonstrated role of serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. We have investigated this issue in rats using three different pharmacological and neurochemical approaches. First, we compared the motor effects of various i.p. doses of CBD with the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; i.p.). Second, we investigated whether the motor effects of CBD are sensitive to 5-HT1A receptor blockade in comparison with CB1 receptor antagonism. Finally, we investigated whether CBD was able to potentiate the effect of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT. Our results demonstrated that: (i) only high doses of CBD (>10 mg/kg) altered motor behavior measured in a computer-aided actimeter; (ii) these alterations were restricted to vertical activity (rearing) with only modest changes in other parameters; (iii) similar effects were produced by 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg), although this agonist affected exclusively vertical activity, with no effects on other motor parameters, and it showed always more potency than CBD; (iv) the effects of 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) and CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100,635 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.); (v) the effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were not reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (0.1 mg/kg; i.p.); (vi) the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on vertical activity was associated with an increase in serotonin content in the basal ganglia, a neurochemical change not produced by CBD (20 mg/kg); and (vii) CBD at a dose of 20 mg/kg was able to enhance motor effects of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), producing the expected changes in serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. Collectively, these results suggest that CBD may influence motor activity, in particular vertical activity, and that this effect seems to be dependent on its ability to target the 5-HT1A receptor, a mechanism of action that has been proposed to account for its anti-emetic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.
Neuropharmacology
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024
Motor effects
Vertical activity
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024Licence: Unspecified
Espejo-Porras, F., Fernandez-Ruiz, J., Pertwee, R. G., Mechoulam, R., & Garcia, C. (2013). Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors. Neuropharmacology, 75, 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024
Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors. / Espejo-Porras, Francisco; Fernandez-Ruiz, Javier; Pertwee, Roger G.; Mechoulam, Raphael; Garcia, Concepcion.
In: Neuropharmacology, Vol. 75, 12.2013, p. 155-163.
Espejo-Porras, F, Fernandez-Ruiz, J, Pertwee, RG, Mechoulam, R & Garcia, C 2013, 'Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors', Neuropharmacology, vol. 75, pp. 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024
Espejo-Porras F, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Pertwee RG, Mechoulam R, Garcia C. Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2013 Dec;75:155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024
Espejo-Porras, Francisco ; Fernandez-Ruiz, Javier ; Pertwee, Roger G. ; Mechoulam, Raphael ; Garcia, Concepcion. / Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors. In: Neuropharmacology. 2013 ; Vol. 75. pp. 155-163.
@article{8191d113351c415191c192028d1e20e8,
title = "Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors",
abstract = "The broad presence of CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia, mainly in GABA- or glutamate-containing neurons, as well as the presence of TRPV1 receptors in dopaminergic neurons and the identification of CB2 receptors in some neuronal subpopulations within the basal ganglia, explain the powerful motor effects exerted by those cannabinoids that can activate/block these receptors. By contrast, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with a broad therapeutic profile, is generally presented as an example of a cannabinoid compound with no motor effects due to its poor affinity for the CB1 and the CB2 receptor, despite its activity at the TRPV1 receptor. However, recent evidence suggests that CBD may interact with the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor to produce some of its beneficial effects. This may enable CBD to directly influence motor activity through the well-demonstrated role of serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. We have investigated this issue in rats using three different pharmacological and neurochemical approaches. First, we compared the motor effects of various i.p. doses of CBD with the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; i.p.). Second, we investigated whether the motor effects of CBD are sensitive to 5-HT1A receptor blockade in comparison with CB1 receptor antagonism. Finally, we investigated whether CBD was able to potentiate the effect of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT. Our results demonstrated that: (i) only high doses of CBD (>10 mg/kg) altered motor behavior measured in a computer-aided actimeter; (ii) these alterations were restricted to vertical activity (rearing) with only modest changes in other parameters; (iii) similar effects were produced by 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg), although this agonist affected exclusively vertical activity, with no effects on other motor parameters, and it showed always more potency than CBD; (iv) the effects of 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) and CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100,635 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.); (v) the effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were not reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (0.1 mg/kg; i.p.); (vi) the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on vertical activity was associated with an increase in serotonin content in the basal ganglia, a neurochemical change not produced by CBD (20 mg/kg); and (vii) CBD at a dose of 20 mg/kg was able to enhance motor effects of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), producing the expected changes in serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. Collectively, these results suggest that CBD may influence motor activity, in particular vertical activity, and that this effect seems to be dependent on its ability to target the 5-HT1A receptor, a mechanism of action that has been proposed to account for its anti-emetic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.",
keywords = "Cannabidiol, Motor effects, Vertical activity, Serotonin, 5-HT1A Receptors",
author = "Francisco Espejo-Porras and Javier Fernandez-Ruiz and Pertwee, {Roger G.} and Raphael Mechoulam and Concepcion Garcia",
note = "This work has been supported by grants from CIBERNED (CB06/05/0089), MICINN (SAF2009/11847), and CAM (S2011/BMD-2308). These agencies had no further role in study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Authors are indebted to Yolanda Garc{\'i}a-Movell{\'a}n for administrative assistance.",
doi = "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024",
journal = "Neuropharmacology",
publisher = "PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD",
T1 - Motor effects of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol that are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors
AU - Espejo-Porras, Francisco
AU - Fernandez-Ruiz, Javier
AU - Pertwee, Roger G.
AU - Mechoulam, Raphael
AU - Garcia, Concepcion
N1 - This work has been supported by grants from CIBERNED (CB06/05/0089), MICINN (SAF2009/11847), and CAM (S2011/BMD-2308). These agencies had no further role in study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Authors are indebted to Yolanda García-Movellán for administrative assistance.
N2 - The broad presence of CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia, mainly in GABA- or glutamate-containing neurons, as well as the presence of TRPV1 receptors in dopaminergic neurons and the identification of CB2 receptors in some neuronal subpopulations within the basal ganglia, explain the powerful motor effects exerted by those cannabinoids that can activate/block these receptors. By contrast, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with a broad therapeutic profile, is generally presented as an example of a cannabinoid compound with no motor effects due to its poor affinity for the CB1 and the CB2 receptor, despite its activity at the TRPV1 receptor. However, recent evidence suggests that CBD may interact with the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor to produce some of its beneficial effects. This may enable CBD to directly influence motor activity through the well-demonstrated role of serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. We have investigated this issue in rats using three different pharmacological and neurochemical approaches. First, we compared the motor effects of various i.p. doses of CBD with the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; i.p.). Second, we investigated whether the motor effects of CBD are sensitive to 5-HT1A receptor blockade in comparison with CB1 receptor antagonism. Finally, we investigated whether CBD was able to potentiate the effect of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT. Our results demonstrated that: (i) only high doses of CBD (>10 mg/kg) altered motor behavior measured in a computer-aided actimeter; (ii) these alterations were restricted to vertical activity (rearing) with only modest changes in other parameters; (iii) similar effects were produced by 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg), although this agonist affected exclusively vertical activity, with no effects on other motor parameters, and it showed always more potency than CBD; (iv) the effects of 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) and CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100,635 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.); (v) the effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were not reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (0.1 mg/kg; i.p.); (vi) the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on vertical activity was associated with an increase in serotonin content in the basal ganglia, a neurochemical change not produced by CBD (20 mg/kg); and (vii) CBD at a dose of 20 mg/kg was able to enhance motor effects of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), producing the expected changes in serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. Collectively, these results suggest that CBD may influence motor activity, in particular vertical activity, and that this effect seems to be dependent on its ability to target the 5-HT1A receptor, a mechanism of action that has been proposed to account for its anti-emetic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.
AB - The broad presence of CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia, mainly in GABA- or glutamate-containing neurons, as well as the presence of TRPV1 receptors in dopaminergic neurons and the identification of CB2 receptors in some neuronal subpopulations within the basal ganglia, explain the powerful motor effects exerted by those cannabinoids that can activate/block these receptors. By contrast, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with a broad therapeutic profile, is generally presented as an example of a cannabinoid compound with no motor effects due to its poor affinity for the CB1 and the CB2 receptor, despite its activity at the TRPV1 receptor. However, recent evidence suggests that CBD may interact with the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor to produce some of its beneficial effects. This may enable CBD to directly influence motor activity through the well-demonstrated role of serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. We have investigated this issue in rats using three different pharmacological and neurochemical approaches. First, we compared the motor effects of various i.p. doses of CBD with the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; i.p.). Second, we investigated whether the motor effects of CBD are sensitive to 5-HT1A receptor blockade in comparison with CB1 receptor antagonism. Finally, we investigated whether CBD was able to potentiate the effect of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT. Our results demonstrated that: (i) only high doses of CBD (>10 mg/kg) altered motor behavior measured in a computer-aided actimeter; (ii) these alterations were restricted to vertical activity (rearing) with only modest changes in other parameters; (iii) similar effects were produced by 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg), although this agonist affected exclusively vertical activity, with no effects on other motor parameters, and it showed always more potency than CBD; (iv) the effects of 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) and CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100,635 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.); (v) the effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on vertical activity were not reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (0.1 mg/kg; i.p.); (vi) the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on vertical activity was associated with an increase in serotonin content in the basal ganglia, a neurochemical change not produced by CBD (20 mg/kg); and (vii) CBD at a dose of 20 mg/kg was able to enhance motor effects of a sub-effective dose of 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), producing the expected changes in serotonergic transmission in the basal ganglia. Collectively, these results suggest that CBD may influence motor activity, in particular vertical activity, and that this effect seems to be dependent on its ability to target the 5-HT1A receptor, a mechanism of action that has been proposed to account for its anti-emetic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.
KW - Cannabidiol
KW - Motor effects
KW - Vertical activity
KW - Serotonin
KW - 5-HT1A Receptors
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024
DO - 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.024
JO - Neuropharmacology
JF - Neuropharmacology


text:
The Greatest Blog Entry Of All Time
So The Kid In The Front Row typed up a nice post posing five questions pertaining to movies and I liked it so much I thought I would try to answer them in a post here on Cinema Romantico and as question #5 was "When you think of your love for movies, what one image comes to mind?" I knew immediately what the answer was and Googled "Jodhi May Last of the Mohicans" to find an image from the scene at the end where she commits beautiful suicide by throwing herself off the cliff - a moment that 1.) Made me cry 2.) Made me want to write movies and 3.) Made me once author a piece titled Why The Tale Of Alice Munro Is A Metaphor For Life, in which I understatedly declare it to be "the most beautiful moment in the history of art." Which, of course, it is.
ANYWAY, the first result that flashed up was a post at the movie blog Victim of the Time written way back in July 2007 titled "The Performance That Changed My Life" - namely, Jodhi May as Alice Munro in "Last of the Mohicans." (Note: He made this post exactly 365 days before I launched a week long celebration of "Last of the Mohicans" on my blog. Which is to say, how the f--- does anyone not believe in a higher power?)
The perfect movie shot.
Seriously? I think I stared at the screen, mouth agape, for about four-and-a-half minutes. Naturally, the author and I don't completely agree, which is to say he does not apparently care for Michael Mann's 1992 film in any other way, shape or form, which is fine, while it is, as we all know, my #1 favorite movie of all time, forever and ever. Nevertheless......he writes about how this particular performance of May's as Alice, the younger sister of Madeleine Stowe's Cora, is The Performance That Changed (His) Life primarily because of that moment right there at the end when she commits beautiful suicide by throwing herself off the cliff. He elegantly writes:
"Basic description does not do this moment justice. Perhaps what I'm going to say is hyperbolic, but it is also the truth. Have you ever experienced a moment you can't explain, where something affects you in a way you never expected, in a way it will probably never affect someone else, in a way it may not ever affect you yourself again? This is what happened to me here. The look that Jodhi May gave to the camera in that tiny second of film startled me, made my heart stop, made me weep- and I didn't understand why. There had been no build up, no groundwork- it was simply a sudden, unexpected moment. It was overwhelming in its despair, its sorrow, its harrowing hopelessness. I've never had a moment like it since. I've never watched the film again for fear that I would lose the remnants of the feeling."
......sorry, my mouth was agape again. (......getting it together......) While I vehemently disagree about there being no build up and no groundwork, well, everything else resonates in a way that stuns me beyond all inane metaphors. How the is this possible? How can someone else write "what I'm going to say is hyperbolic, but it is also the truth"? That's my line!!!!! I was going to leave Victim of the Time a glowing, raving comment but he went on to write: "I doubt that you, if you watched it, would feel the same, for I can only feel that it was a once-in-a-lifetime moment. It is MY moment. Is there anyone else in the world who felt so strongly, from feeling so disinterested, in that piece of film? I doubt it, and, more importantly, I hope not."
I mean, I can't leave a comment! Right? How would this dude feel if he knew I knew took a pilgrimage (spelling courtesy of my friend Ashley) to North Carolina to see the sites where this movie was filmed, specifically saving the spot where Jodhi May gives the look he writes about for last and sat there for, like, two hours?
Then again, I wasn't disinterested in the rest of the movie. But still. I don't want to risk it and spoil it for him. So I'm not leaving a comment. And even though I'm linking to him (because it wouldn't be right, obviously, if I didn't) I hope he never reads this. But I would also hope that he would understand why I had to write this and link to his post. It's just, you know, weird when you truly find a kindred spirit, someone who gets it.
Do you think he's also obsessed with Kylie Minogue? No, no, no, no, no! Never mind! I don't want to know!
Labels: Really?
Castor said...
It's just a flash of pure movie perfection that sold the movie for me. If you removed it, I probably wouldn't love The Last of the Mohicans half as much as I do.
It is truly a cinematic moment unlike any other I've ever encountered.
I remember being very moved by the film as a whole but especially by this scene. I watched it many times when I was a kid, a real childhood favourite, but that scene always moved me.
I really need to see it again.
Frankly, this film needs a big screen re-release. Perhaps I should start a campaign. Not that my campaigns every do any good, but I think there could be some support for this one.
Great post. Keep blogging visit my site also for movie reviews and box office collection.


Here at Vulcan, we like to take part in and support industry events as much as we can, and at the beginning of this month we attended the Heritage Fire Safety Conference held by the Institute of Fire Safety Managers (IFSM).
The meeting had experienced speakers outlining the risks and loss of past Heritage fires. We found some of the stories that accompanied the presentation particularly interesting as Heritage fires are more common than people are generally aware of.
After speaking to fellow Fire Safety professionals and listening to four different guest speaker presentations, we came away from the conference with a detailed insight into emergency planning and salvage operations for Heritage building.
We'd like to thank the IFSM for another great conference. We're already looking forward to next years.
Did you know, all of our fire safety courses are approved or accredited by the Institute of Fire Safety Managers (IFSM).
Click here to find out more about our courses.


text:
← Cornucopia: Fortune Teller
Hinterlands: Highway →
The End of Isotropic Dominion
Posted on March 18, 2013 by theory
When Isotropic was released to the public, it didn't even receive a full topic on BoardGameGeek. dougz introduced it in a reply to another thread.
Who could have known that it would go on to host a staggering 12,051,301 games over the next two and a half years before finally closing its doors. Championships were claimed, epic ragequits were had, but most importantly, Isotropic introduced thousands of people to Dominion and showed them just how fun it could be.
The final leaderboard:
The final leaderboard
Of course, online Dominion has not ended. Goko's PlayDominion.com is alive and well, and though it's a very different experience, it's able to offer features that Isotropic never could support (single-player, tutorials, card art).
Nevertheless, we are all indebted to Dougz for his work in designing, hosting, and maintaining such a fantastic site. So if you wish to express your gratitude, we encourage you to show him your appreciation via PayPal (to dougz@isotropic.org).
And if you're interested in learning a new game, we already have a forum for Isotropic's Innovation …
15 Responses to The End of Isotropic Dominion
ackmondual says:
Ohhh right… I forgot to check my stats before the site went down… Well, I presume winning 1 out of 4 games so far (one 3p game won, one 3p game in 2nd place, and two 2p game losses) won't be enough to get you past level 0.
As all of my games on Isotropic can be counted with just 1 han, I didn't play much on there. I preferred the speed and casual-ness of vs. AI games, but I'm still gonna miss Isotropic.
Isoptropic and Donald X's attitude towards it are what made me shell out for each expansion (and made me a bit too good to play 1v1 vs. my friends, alas, and I was only level 30). I just wish that goko were even half as fast, bug-free, graphically adjustable, or well-logged as this amazing free site. Thanks dougz. I just wish I'd saved on the physical sets and donated it to you instead.
Curious, are your Goko comments based on recent play through, or from almost a year ago? Actually, this question applies to any1 who has the same thought's on Goko's version of Dominion.
The chrome goko log always on extension moves goko a bit towards iso. Some people have said it makes the experience a lot better for them. Maybe you should give it a try.
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/goko-log-viewer/kaignighoceeemhinbbophdeogpnedjn
The log helps, but could use a few more adjustments to bring it up to what Iso was. The biggest problem I have is finding a game and playing it as quick as Iso. I turned my animation speed up, but most people have not it seems, or they just play slower than those on Iso. Once/If those get fixed I can see dropping money on it.
ianthecool says:
Goku requires you to pay for expansions. So, why bother?
DrFlux says:
Because they are providing a product and its worth the money to you? I mean its like $40 for everything. Not nothing, but I've also spent more than that on a single RL board game.
I have the real life decks, which I guess is where my why bother comes from.
It's a matter of perspective… Some folks have said the same thing about Isotropic [shrug].
Nick Lamicela says:
Isotropic gave me free access to sets I'd never tried, which convinced me to go out and buy some of them to add to my home set. Goko locks access to sets I already own in real life, which just drives me to other sites. If they had a "free set of the day" or something, they might manage to bridge the gap and get me interested in new cards again I guess.
bob@bob.bob says:
Yeah, Goko's a miserable waste of resources. It's a completely different (and entirely inferior) experience. Even excluding the price range it's at. I've moved on to other things.
I wish there was a Dominion app for iPhone 😦
I dont like the upgradable starting hands. Also, we need a new app. The current one works, but it only has base, and the AI's are very bad
Alex Zorach (teacology) says:
I can't see paying for Goko unless it implements features such that it is fully as good as Isotropic was. Frankly, the flashy graphics do little to nothing for me…I care about the game and the strategy. Although the game log is nice, I liked how Isotropic fed into CouncilRoom, allowing for interesting statistical analysis. I'm a statistician by education, so this stuff really draws me in.
Isotropic seemed to be designed around the abstract strategy elements of the game; Goko seems to be designed around graphics. I really care about the strategy.
I also feel like Goko is missing a huge opportunity to teach about the strategy elements through the Dominion Adventures part of the site. Instead of the concocted storyline, why not teach people about engines vs. big money? They have some interesting boards in the adventures section, but the AI's are generally quite bad (although a few of them gave me a run for my money on some boards). But it's like, they're not emphasizing the strategy element. I would like to see the boards tied into things like the Dominion Wiki and stats about game win rates.
Dominion is such a rich and complex game, and I felt like Isotropic brought that out in a way that Goko doesn't. I got really into the game because of the strategy elements and its complexity. It pains me to see so much effort put into the graphics at the expense of strategy, and see a resource that emphasized the stuff I liked, strategy, shut down. I would pay for Isotropic and currently, I haven't paid anything for Goko.
I believe this would be the better way to go with the adventure/campaign mode…. I'd imagine one reason people don't play online vs. regular players is they're not THAT big into the strategy… they have no desire to go up against elite/veteran players who can score twice as much as your typical average player. They just want to have fun, and the adv./camp. mode is a refreshing spin to thinking outside the box without being super competitive, memorizing 3 to 4-card combos, and knowing the stats of them. While I've read almost every article here, and jump on articles for new cards, I skipped some of the most complex cards that do infinite turns, or becoming "auto-win" situations simply b/c those have gotten too much than I'd care for.


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text:
Q: Arrow Simulator Highest score and its holder from multiprocessing.resource_sharer import stop
import random
import math
play_again = 'y'
while play_again == 'y':
    remaining_attempts = 3
    current_score = 0
    print('Welcome to archery simulator!')
    print('please input your name:')
    name = input(str())
    if name == 'Quit':
        break
    print('Your current score:',current_score)
    print('Remaining attempts',remaining_attempts)
    print('Would you like to fire an arrow?')
    answer = str(input())
    if answer == 'Quit':
        break
    while remaining_attempts > 0:
        if answer == 'y':
            target_location_x = random.uniform(30, 150)
            target_location_y = random.uniform(0,15)
            print('The target is at location:', target_location_x, ',', target_location_y)
            print('Input the arrows initial velocity:')
            initial_velocity = float(input())
            if initial_velocity == 'Quit':
                stop
            while initial_velocity <= 0:
                print('Error: Only values greater than 0')
                initial_velocity = float(input())
                if initial_velocity == 'Quit':
                    break
            print('Input the angle the arrow is fired:')
#to convert to radians so that trig comes out as degrees
            arrow_angle = math.radians(float(input()))
            if arrow_angle == 'Quit':
                break
            while arrow_angle >= 90:
                print('Error: Only values >=0  and <90')
#to convert to radians so that trig comes out as degrees
                arrow_angle = math.radians(float(input()))
                if arrow_angle == 'Quit':
                    break
            X0 = 0
            Y0 = 1
            g = 9.8
            t = 0.5
#to calculate where x and y ends up for the arrow
            angle_x = math.cos(arrow_angle)
            arrow_x = X0 + ((t*initial_velocity)*angle_x)
            angle_y = math.sin(arrow_angle)
            arrow_y = Y0 + ((t*initial_velocity)*angle_y)-(((1/2)*g)*(t**2))
#to get the distance from the bullseye
            def distance_bullseye (arrow_x, arrow_y):
                distance_bullseye = ((arrow_x-target_location_x)**2)+((arrow_y-target_location_y)**2)
                distance_centre = math.sqrt(distance_bullseye)
                return distance_centre
            distance_centre = distance_bullseye(arrow_x, arrow_y)
            print('Arrow ends up at:',arrow_x,',',arrow_y)
            if distance_centre > 10:
                print('You missed! Distance from centre', distance_centre)
                current_score = current_score
                remaining_attempts = remaining_attempts - 1
                print('Your current score:', current_score)
                if remaining_attempts == 0:
                    current_score
                    print('Simulation over.')
            print('Highest score holder:', #Highest score holder here)
            print('Highest score:',#Highest score here)
                    print('Play again?')
                    play_again = str(input())
                    if play_again == 'y':
                        remaining_attempts = 3
                        current_score = 0
                        print('Welcome to archery simulator!')
                        print('Please input your name:')
                        name = str(input())
                    elif play_again == 'Quit' or 'n':
                        stop
                print('Remaining attempts',remaining_attempts)
                print('Would you like to fire an arrow?')
                answer =input(str())
                if answer == 'Quit':
                    break
            elif 10 >= distance_centre > 5:
                print('You hit the outer ring!')
                current_score = current_score+50
                remaining_attempts = 3
                print('Your current score:', current_score)
                print('Remaining attempts',remaining_attempts)
                print('Would you like to fire an arrow?')
                answer =input(str())
                if answer == 'Quit':
                    break
            elif 5 >= distance_centre > 1:
                print('You hit the inner ring!')
                current_score = current_score+200
                remaining_attempts = 3
                print('Your current score:', current_score)
                print('Remaining attempts',remaining_attempts)
                print('Would you like to fire an arrow?')
                answer =input(str())
                if answer == 'Quit':
                    break
            elif 1 >= distance_centre >= 0:
                print('You hit the bullseye!')
                current_score = current_score +500
                remaining_attempts = 3
                print('Your current score:', current_score)
                print('Remaining attempts',remaining_attempts)
                print('Would you like to fire an arrow?')
                answer =input(str())
                if answer == 'Quit':
                    break
#don't know how to get highest score holder or highest score
        elif answer == 'n':
            print('Simulation over.')
            print('Highest score holder:', #Highest score holder here)
            print('Highest score:',#Highest score here)
            print('Play again?')
            play_again = str(input())
            if play_again == 'Quit' or 'n':
                stop
        else:
            print('Input y or n')
            answer = str(input())
            if answer == 'Quit':
                break

Tried making a list but couldn't get the one variable to stay the same through the code loops it keeps resetting to the new name and new score. is there any way I could keep the highest score and its holder throughout the loops?
it should keep the name from the start if that name has the highest score and the program runs again and that player has a lower score should print the first name and first score, if it's higher it should print the second name with the second score.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Clarissa Explains It All Season 4 Episode 10
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Douglas and Steve present an alternative approach to supporting reflection in CORBA in which each object is capable of returning its own reflection metadata, guaranteed to be accurate and up to date, to clients. They use XML as the metadata format to maximize its usefulness for non-CORBA applications, such as J2EE, .NET, and Web Services.
Some programming languages, such as Java and Smalltalk, support reflection or introspection. This feature allows applications written in these languages to obtain information about objects and classes at runtime, typically using this information to perform dynamic invocations. This information about objects and classes is commonly referred to as metadata and includes information on the number of methods in a class, the method signatures, and the dynamic size of objects. Of course, dynamic CORBA applications are possible as well, as we explained in our four-part series covering Dynamic CORBA . An application that wants to dynamically discover metadata about objects at runtime uses the Interface Repository (IFR) . Dynamic clients invoke operations using the Dynamic Invocation Interface (DII) , while dynamic server applications handle requests via the Dynamic Skeleton Interface (DSI) .
As we explained in our Dynamic CORBA series, CORBA's reflection facilities are hard and tedious to use. This isn't too much of a problem in practice for CORBA applications themselves, however, as most are static. In particular, most CORBA applications are written in statically typed languages, such as C++ or Java, and they contain static stubs and skeletons generated by an IDL compiler. As a result, CORBA clients and servers generally already know all the type information they need to make and serve requests, which is in fact a part of CORBA's design center. For example, CORBA's General Inter-ORB Protocol (GIOP) is designed such that no type information is passed as part of a request or a reply, instead requiring the sending and receiving applications to know argument and return types a priori. (The only exception to this is the any type, which always includes type information in the form of a TypeCode.) CORBA is thus designed such that the IFR is never needed for most applications.
Unfortunately, the static nature of most CORBA applications can complicate their integration with other non-CORBA systems. Due to the proliferation of different middleware technologies, including CORBA, J2EE, .NET, and Web Services, the need to integrate disparate middleware systems is becoming more common. The weakness of the current economy is also contributing to this trend, as IT groups that were formerly autonomous and made their own middleware purchasing decisions are now being merged and consolidated. As a result, the different middleware systems they chose now have to be merged and consolidated too. The need to bridge different "middleware islands" is thus at an all-time high.
Accessing a CORBA object from any client application, whether it's a CORBA application or an application written using other middleware, requires knowledge of the details of the object's interface. These metadata details include its interface type, all of its operations, and the types of each operation's arguments and return value (client applications also have to understand the object's semantics, obviously, though there is currently no easy or generally accepted way to convey these from application to application). While you can obtain these details from the system's IDL definitions, it's atypical to keep IDL files handy for systems running in production.
The IFR is adequate for serving metadata to CORBA applications, but for several reasons, it's inadequate for non-CORBA applications. Foremost among these is its complexity. IFR metadata is, of course, defined in IDL, and its definitions form a complex hierarchical tree. Some of the types represent structured values, while others represent references to objects. The fact that all these types are all defined in the CORBA IDL module means that an application using them winds up with practically the entire CORBA module compiled into it. While this is not unusual for a CORBA application, it's often far too heavy of a solution for a non-CORBA application.
A more serious problem with the IFR is that few CORBA systems even deploy it. An IFR server is an extra process requiring additional configuration and maintenance, adding cost to deployed systems. It requires persistence so it can store all the necessary IDL definitions. Moreover, if an IFR instance is allowed to go out of synch with actual interface definitions of the objects in the system, it becomes useless. Thus, keeping an IFR up to date and synchronized with the objects' IDL definitions is an extra burden that few application developers and users have embraced in practice.
The IFR may be the only standard source of metadata in a CORBA system, but ironically, the necessary metadata is always there, even without an IFR, since it's inside every server application. In essence, the same metadata that CORBA servers need internally to demarshal and dispatch incoming requests to servants is exactly the same metadata that clients need to invoke requests on target objects. If there were only a way to export that metadata so that clients could easily access it, they would never need an IFR.
One approach to making the server's built-in metadata available to clients is to implement the standard CORBA::Object::_get_interface to return a reference to an InterfaceDef object implemented by the server itself. The default implementation of _get_interface normally just delegates the request to the IFR, but because _get_interface is a virtual function inherited from PortableServer::ServantBase, an ordinary servant can override it. Unfortunately, while this approach avoids the IFR itself, it doesn't do much to reduce the complexity of the solution since it necessarily uses all the same complicated IFR type definitions like InterfaceDef and FullInterfaceDescription. Another problem with this approach is that implementing full IFR lookup and search semantics within each server is simply too hard for the average server developer, even if these IFR semantics are encapsulated within a single library shared across implementations. Finally, implementing just the portion you need and delegating the rest to the actual IFR is tedious because of all the objects involved. A similar approach is to add a new operation into the CORBA::Object interface, but that is too invasive and too costly.
Semantics of the operations that supply the metadata are specific to this interface, which prevents issues such as those associated with overriding the standard _get_interface operation described above.
There's no need to try to add new operations into the CORBA::Object interface, which is hard to do given that it would require months or even years of work in the OMG to make the necessary changes to the CORBA standard.
Determining in a client application whether a given target object supports the metadata interface is simple: the client attempts to narrow to that interface. If the narrow succeeds, the object supports the metadata interface.
The operations in such an interface could reuse the IFR InterfaceDef and all of its related types, but again, they're too complex, especially for non-CORBA applications. We could define similar but simpler types specifically within our IDL interface, but even these would be too complex for access from non-CORBA systems.
The simplicity of this interface is intentional, as it maximizes our chances that it could be used by non-CORBA applications, such as .NET or J2EE. First, we have the Reflection module, used to contain all definitions related to object metadata queries. Inside the module is the XMLProvider interface with its single get_description operation, which returns a string.
Assuming the narrow succeeds, the client can use regular XML parsing tools such as DOM or SAX to parse the object's metadata.
To support XML reflection, our quoter servant must implement this derived interface rather than just the base Quoter interface (following this example, though, we'll discuss an alternative that allows reflection to be added to an existing object without requiring any application code changes).
Before we can implement the XMLProvider::get_description operation, we need to decide what form the XML will take. The full XML Schema definition is too long to include here, but our chosen schema includes three major elements: an interfaceinfo element that contains one types element and one targetInterface element. The targetInterface element, which simply refers to one of the interfaces defined within the types element, identifies the most-derived interface of the target object. For our example, at first glance this interface is the ReflectiveQuoter interface. Including the XMLProvider interface within the metadata description is redundant, however, given that clients must already be aware of that interface before they can request the XML metadata. We'll therefore ignore the XMLProvider interface for our reflection purposes, and instead treat the original Stock::Quoter interface as the most-derived interface.
The name attribute is a local name generated by the formatter to support type references. Both the typeid and idlname attributes reflect properties of the original IDL type, specifically, the exception's repository ID and its name. Note that because CORBA TypeCodes do not store fully scoped names, our idlname attribute is the exception's identifier rather than its full name. As a result, the idlname is not guaranteed to be unique within our XML document, which is why we use names generated specifically for this XML document as values for the name attributes.
As with the InvalidStock exception, the definition for Info mirrors its IDL definition. Essentially, the XML definition supplies all the information available at runtime within the struct's TypeCode.
The XML definition for the Quoter interface is a little more involved. It must contain definitions for all base interfaces and for all operations and attributes. In our XML schema, we do not support attributes directly, but we instead treat them as pairs of get/set operations (or just a single get operation for read-only attributes). This design is again intended to make the XML more understandable to non-CORBA applications.
Not unexpectedly, the form of the XML definition for Quoter is not too different from its IDL definition. It declares a single operation, get_quote. Within the operation element, the return type is declared as a typeref to the Info type defined earlier. The typeref elements used for the get_quote return type and for the raises type show how the local unique XML element names are used to reference types defined elsewhere in the XML document. The "tns:" prefix is an XML namespace used to scope the local type names generated for this document. The single parameter type for get_quote, a string, is properly noted as an unnamed anontype (anonymous IDL type).
As before, a typeref element is used to reference the target interface definition, in this case a reference to the Quoter interface definition.
The implementation of the XMLProvider interface within the server is fairly straightforward, but a bit tedious. We do not show the entire implementation here. Basically, what the implementation does is generate an XML string based on the properties of the most-derived interface (minus the XMLProvider interface itself) of the target. Most of the XML string is generated based on TypeCode contents for parameter and return types, but knowledge of base interfaces of the target interface is also needed to ensure that the entire transitive closure of the inheritance hierarchy is fully represented. It's straightforward to write a single function that can take data structures that describe all the interfaces, operations, parameters, and return types that make up a given target interface, and generate the XML string to be returned by XMLProvider.
Most CORBA server applications contain static skeletons. Adding XML metadata support to such applications can therefore be done trivially. If we augment the IDL compiler to generate the metadata for us into the skeletons, we need only regenerate the skeletons and recompile the server. This approach can add XMLProvider support to our existing objects without requiring any application-level changes or additions.
In our Quoter example above, we manually created a new derived interface called ReflectiveQuoter that mixed in the XMLProvider interface, but we can take a different approach if the IDL compiler is involved. The compiler knows that the skeleton for a given interface either derives from other skeletons when interface inheritance is involved, or derives from PortableServer::ServantBase if the interface has no base interfaces. To add support for the XMLProvider interface, therefore, the IDL compiler could simply generate each base skeleton class to derive from the XMLProvider skeleton where it would normally generate ServantBase derivation. The compiler then generates the implementation of the XMLProvider::get_description operation for each derived skeleton class. This method is declared pure virtual in the XMLProvider skeleton, but for each skeleton derived either directly or indirectly from the XMLProvider skeleton, the IDL compiler must override it and give it an interface-specific implementation.
In implementing this feature for IONA's Orbix, the XML formatting function was isolated into a function provided by one of the ORB libraries, and C++ data structures holding metadata descriptions were generated into the skeletons. The implementation of each skeleton's get_description method simply passes these data structures into the library function, which performs all the formatting and returns an XML string. This approach helps keep skeleton size to a minimum while avoiding duplication of the XML generation code.
An interesting feature of our approach is that supporting other formats isn't easy. It requires implementing a new formatter for the desired format, and then for each server, telling the IDL compiler to use the new formatter. Obviously, this approach hard-wires a single format into each object.
In this approach, we no longer support an XMLProvider, but instead support a general Provider whose get_description operation takes one parameter to indicate the desired format. Should a given Provider lack support for a requested format, it would raise the FormatNotSupported exception. Note, however, that with this approach all supported formats must be suitable for representation in the returned string type. One way to loosen this restriction, of course, is to make the return type an any, thus permitting virtually any format to be returned, but that seems like overkill. From a practical point of view, it's unlikely that many different formats will ever be needed.
Yet another alternative is to maintain the XML format as what's provided by the objects, keeping the desired simplicity for non-CORBA clients, but allow CORBA clients to obtain a transformer object from resolve_initial_references to turn the returned XML string into something like an InterfaceDef. The beauty of this approach is that it's entirely layered over the original XML solution. Some might label it as wasteful, though, given the conversions that occur both in the server and in the client, but retrieving metadata is rarely a performance-critical operation.
Unfortunately, these alternative approaches conflict with the goal of keeping the client interface as simple as possible, which is key to maximizing the ability for non-CORBA applications to use it. Given the ubiquity of XML and tools for parsing it and transforming it, returning XML-formatted metadata, as in the original approach, allows clients who need another format to simply transform the XML to whatever form they might need.
In this column we've shown an alternative approach to supporting reflection in CORBA. The basic approach involves having each object returns its own metadata, rather than relying on an external service, such as the IFR. In practice, few CORBA systems even deploy the IFR, making it hard to integrate such deployments with non-CORBA systems after the system is already deployed. With the approach we've explained here, each object is capable of returning its own reflection metadata, guaranteed to be accurate and up to date, to clients. We've used XML as the metadata format to maximize its usefulness for non-CORBA applications, such as J2EE, .NET, and Web Services.
As always, if you have any comments on this column or any previous one, please contact us at [email protected].
1. Steve Vinoski and Douglas C. Schmidt, "Dynamic CORBA: Part 1, The Dynamic Invocation Interface," C/C++ Users Journal, July 2002.
2. Steve Vinoski and Douglas C. Schmidt, "Dynamic CORBA: Part 4, The Interface Repository," C/C++ Users Journal, January 2003.
3. Steve Vinoski and Douglas C. Schmidt, "Dynamic CORBA: Part 3, The Dynamic Skeleton Interface," C/C++ Users Journal, November 2002.
4. Gamma, Helms, Johnson, and Vlissides, "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software," Addison-Wesley, 1995.


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Pocono Record
Ready to shred? Here's where you can score the best deals on Pocono lift tickets, season passes
Ashley Catherine Fontones, Pocono Record
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Winter may not officially start until Dec. 21, but dipping temperatures and frequent flurries in the Poconos suggest otherwise. Ski resorts in the region are busy whipping up a winter, and soon powder heads can take to the trails and shred the gnar of their choosing.
Here's where you can pick up your lift tickets and season passes, and when you can hit the slopes.
From USA TODAY: Ski resorts look forward to return to normal as COVID restrictions ease, US-Canada border reopens
Blue Mountain Resort
Blue Mountain officially opened Friday, Dec. 3, with 6 out of 40 trails open, and 4 out of 16 lifts.
Passes are already sold out for opening day and Saturday, but 4-hour lift tickets for Sunday were still available as of 9 a.m. Friday, according to their website.
Blue Mountain Resort is home to one of the largest snowmaking systems in the country, the resort said in a press release. The resort is especially capable of working with the warmer east coast weather.
"Blue Mountain can pump out 14,000 gallons of water per minute onto the slopes and convert it into snow," the release says.
This season the resort has added three new 350 horsepower/1,000 gallons-per-minute pumps increasing snowmaking water pumping capacity, and increasing mountaintop water pressure to utilize the latest in low energy/high-capacity snowmaking technology. The resort has also installed two additional cooling towers to maximize the snowmaking window.
The result: earlier opening dates for more trails.
View mountain cams and trail conditions at: skibluemt.com/mountain-cams/.
Skiing, snowboarding: 4-hour lift tickets for morning, afternoon and night start at $29, when purchased in advance. Eight-hour lift tickets, which enable the rider to arrive at any time, start at $44.
All-access season passes were sold out at the time of this story, but Student passes and Off-Peak passes were still available.
Student season passes (for riders aged 6 to 22) are valid anytime Monday through Friday, and after 4 p.m. on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, and can be purchased for $399. Holidays include Dec. 26 through Dec. 31, Jan. 17, 2022, and Feb. 21.
Off-Peak season passes are valid anytime Monday through Friday, after 4 p.m. on weekends and holidays, and can be purchased for $729.
Lessons and rentals are also available.
Tickets, lessons and rentals must be purchased online at skibluemt.com/
Info: 1660 Blue Mountain Drive, Palmerton. Call 610-826-7700 or head to BlueMountain's website for more info.
Camelback Resort
Recently named "one of the Best Ski Resorts in the U.S. and Canada" in the Condé Nast Traveler Readers' Choice Awards, Camelback is known for its 560-acres of outdoor, and indoor, recreation.
Tickets are now on sale for the winter season, which is set to open Dec. 22.
"This year's winter season may be our best yet," managing director Shawn Hauver said in a press release. "We have so many new adventures and dining options in store this year."
In addition to its numerous outdoor skiing trails and Galactic snowtubing, the resort has recently added a virtual reality water slide at Aquatopia, the resort's year-round indoor water park.
Skiing, snowboarding: One-day lift tickets start at $62 (and vary on demand). The new Triple Ticket Pass option is $139, and the Super Season Pass is $629 (including unlimited day and night skiing; complimentary snow tubing; first tracks access; general parking; an equipment check; and 10% savings on accommodations and dining).
A Value Season Pass for $399 offers access from open to close daily and weekends from 3 p.m. to close, and includes general parking as well as an equipment check. Both passes include savings for Aquatopia Indoor Water Park.
A new Radio Frequency Identification Device system offers a hands-free, streamlined and efficient lift access. Season pass and lift ticket holders can reload their pass online and go directly to the lift, the resort said in a press release.
60-minute Family & Friends Beginner Lessons are $209; 90-minute private lessons start at $175.
Snowtubing: Boasting one of the country's largest snowtubing park, the all-lit nighttime after-dark experience, Galactic tubing, is back and "just as exhilarating."
Tubers can enjoy music, disco lighting and 44 tubing lanes. Work up an appetite? Enjoy munchies from food trucks and stalls, and even indulge in a frosty beer while warming up by a fire pit.
Snowtubing starts at $33 midweek; $42 weekends (two-hour session).
Stay: Camelback Lodge offers 453 luxury guest suites. Rates start at $210 per night; ski, snowboard and snowtubing adventures can be added to any lodge stay at up to a 45% discount.
Info: Located at 301 Resort Drive, Tannersville. For reservations and more, call 1-855-515-1283 or visit CamelbackResort.com.
Watch: Former Steeler Baron Batch leads arts workshop at Camelback Resort
Story continues after gallery.
Shawnee Mountain Ski Area
Shawnee Mountain offers a family-friendly ski area with the Poconos' premier terrain park.
Country Club Park features a double butter pad, flat down box, rainbow box and plenty of challenges to hone your jibbing skills if you're new to the park scene. Delaware Park boasts a pole jam, low battleship and much, much more.
Shawnee Mountain promotes freestyle terrain education, according to their website. Terrain park enthusiasts are encouraged to visit terrainparksafety.org to learn the Code. Always remember to obey the rules of terrain park conduct.
Watch the trails come to life this season by tuning into Shawnee's mountain cameras at shawneemt.com/mountain/mountain-cams/. For trail conditions, head to shawneemt.com/mountain/snow-report/.
Skiing, snowboarding: Lift tickets go on sale Dec. 11. Adults 19-64 can hit the slopes for $58 on weekdays, $80 on weekends and holidays. Rather shred after 3 p.m.? Lift tickets for night riders are $45. Two-day options are available for adults: $115 on weekdays, and $150 Saturday and Sunday. Two-day passes must be used for two consecutive days.
Young riders 18 and under can enjoy weekday passes for $45, or $60 on weekends. Youth nights (starting at 3 p.m.) are $45. Two-day youth passes are $86 for weekdays, $60 on weekends. Children under 46 inches tall ski for free when accompanied by a paying adult.
College student, active military and seniors over 65 can enjoy $45 weekday lift tickets, $70 tickets on weekends and holidays with a valid ID. Super seniors (those 70 and older) ride for free!
Season passes score riders an overall 10% discount on lift tickets, and are on sale through the end of the season for $500.
If that price wasn't the best part, your Shawnee season pass gets you access to three other resorts in PA: Seven Springs Mountain Resort (in Champion), Laurel Mountain Resort (Boswell), Ski Big Bear (Lackawaxen) and Hidden Valley Resort (Somerset). And wait, there's more: you can ski at other resorts across the country with your Shawnee pass, including Ski Cooper in Colorado and Mont du Lac in Wisconsin
Snowtubing: Snowtubing tickets go on sale Dec. 23. Rates start at $32 weekday per person, $45 weekends and holidays. Ticket sales are online only.
Info: Located at 401 Hollow Road, East Stroudsburg. Call 570-421-7231 or head to shawneemt.com. Call 800-233-4218 for the mountain's snow report.
Jack Frost Big Boulder
Jack Frost is slated to open for the season the weekend of Dec. 3, and Big Boulder is slated to open Dec. 17.
The two ski areas, part of Vail Resorts, are set to get unveil some upgrades in the 2022-23 season as part of a $320 million capital plan.
According to a press release, Jack Frost will receive two new lifts next season: One new fixed-grip 4-person chair will replace the B & C lifts and one triple will replace the E & F lifts. Big Boulder will receive a new fixed-grip 4-person chair to replace the Edelweiss Triple. The replacement and consolidation of multiple lifts at both resorts will improve reliability and enhance the overall guest experience.
Lift tickets start at $64 for adult rider day passes, $46 for kids or seniors. Night passes were not available at the time of this story.
Lessons are also available.
JFBB allows riders to purchase customizable season passes that grant access to participating resorts across the country. The customizable pass allows patrons to select the amount of days they'd like, starting at $73 for riders aged 13 and up. Want more trails, holiday access, and country-wide shredding opportunities? Those passes start at $423 for youth riders and $879 for riders 13 and up, for a special discount rate.
Northeast passes include JFBB resorts and more, $511 (ages 18-64), teens (13-17) and seniors (65-79) for $375, and college students (aged 17 and up) for $351.
Last chance to buy season passes at a 20% discount is Sunday. Prices will increase after.
Info: Big Boulder is located at 357 Big Boulder Drive in Lake Harmony. Jack Frost is located at 434 Jack Frost Mountain Road in White Haven. Call 570-443-8425, or head online to jfbb.com for more information.
This article originally appeared on Pocono Record: Some slopes are already open in the Pocono Mountains
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High dose Prednisone - can't sleep!
Dr. Kaminski exceeded my expectations! I am so fortunate to have seen him today and must surely have a guardian angel who made this happen. He is brilliant, humble, professional and really listened to my "story" before reviewing medical records and test results. He said with 100% confidence that I have Myasthenia Gravis, no doubts whatsoever. He acknowledged that most Neurologists are very hesitant to declare a diagnosis simply because they don't see enough of,these rare disease patients. They tend to only be confident if the Patients are seropositive, which I am not. He told me he sees MG patients exclusively and 10%nof his patient population are seronegative.
He ordered a tapering if the prednisone to begin immediately. In addition, wants to do 6 months of IVIG infusions while giving the Cellcept time to kick in. He identified other contributing factors and consequences of the prednisone which need to be evaluated - will enlist my primary care to assist here. He talked with me at length about what to expect in terms of the long haul of this disease, how the first year is the hardest.
What he gave me was hope! I cannot say this enough to all MG (or,possible MG),patients...if you have a bad feeling about your current doctors or treatment, seek out the best. Don't let distance or money be an obstacle. This is your life and you only have one chance with it. I think Dr. Kaminski may have given me back mine.
Oh...he will be sending communications to my local Neurologists because he recognizes I'll need someone local to execute his treatment recommendations. Ill see him again in 3 months and have a way to contact him, if needed.
Whopee!!!!!!!!!!!!! I am so happy for you. Well written!!!
AWESOME!!! Well, not the MG part, but the fact that Dr. Kaminski's reputation is accurate. There are some truly great neuros/MG experts out there.
I did the same thing you did, and sought out an expert. MG is an odd disease, but, IMO, that's what makes the diagnosis so obvious. Besides LEMS and CMS, MG is the only disease where muscles are fatigable.
Just don't think you're superwoman now! Give all of this some time to sink in, and take it easy. There's a lot to learn about the disease. Managing MG is an art form.
If you haven't already, go to Home to learn more. Or PubMed or any other good sources.
I urge you to find a good pulmonologist as well. I have some pdfs of articles about a MG crisis, etc., if you want them.
Annie...your recommendation about the Pulmonologist is right on. Dr. Kaminski told me the exact same thing. I did bring him my PFT study results for review. I was already seen by a Pulmonologist following my first respiratory issue and he prescribed Azithromax and a Ventolin inhaler. I told him that I didn't think MG patients could take this antibiotic but he said it was ok. That's when Dr.Kaminski told me to download the "MyMG" app and reference it when doctors order new medications. He showed me his app! He bluntly told me to find another Pulmonologist! How's that for looking out for the patient?
I have a question re: prednisone tapering. I'm on day #2 of tapering from 60mg to 50mg and feel "off". Very tired and achy. What side effects can I expect on a prenisone taper?
My first IVIG infusions are next week, along with a chest CT to evaluate the Thymus. I want to be at my best for these infusions. Any advice here from the community would be welcome.
Also, I'd love to read your articles mentioned. Please, do send.
I would caution that some MG patients can't handle Z-Pak. I personally do fine on that and Biaxin (Clarithromycin). Quinolones are relatively contraindicated as well. DO NOT take Ketek (Telithromycin)!!!
I've included some of the pdfs for you. Knowledge is key while managing MG. You can do a search on MG + myasthenic crisis and find more info. If you are ever unsure about a drug, search "drug name + acetylcholine" to see what effects the drug has on reducing or increasing acetylcholine (or no effect).
Some patients can't even handle a 10 mg. drop in Pred. Track all of your symptoms. If you begin to be extremely tired, have sweats, or feel just completely out of it (or weaker), then the drop is too fast. As I said, you can have an adrenal crisis if this goes too quickly. Even a great neuro is not an endocrinologist! Those adrenal glands need some time to catch up to withdrawal.
A pulmy can figure out what your normal MIP and MEP are, and other readings. That is key if you begin to have an exacerbation. If you say where you live (general area), someone might be able to recommend one. There's no time to mess around with a substandard pulmonologist during a crisis! And do not let anyone tell you, if you have hyperventilation during an arterial blood gas, that you are anxious!!! The hyperventilation would be from insufficient breathing. Yes, doctors have been known to do that.
My biggest advice would be to let this simmer for a while. AND don't push yourself. That's how people end up in a MG crisis. The worse someone is with MG, the longer it takes to recover. Maintaining some kind of stable normal instead of sending your body on a weakness roller coaster ride is the best plan!
We are very lucky to have doctors like Dr. Weiss (St. Pete, FL), Dr. Howard (UNC), and Dr. Kaminski to help us. There are more, but those are a few great ones.
Annie...I'm taking it very, very easy. I have to because I'm so weak and need to be well enough by Thursday and Friday to begin the IVIG infusions. I did feel chilled last night. My temperature was below normal - 96.8 with shivering. Not wanting to go to an ER with this rampant flu epidemic, I wrapped up in blankets, drank warm herbal tea and took a 3 hour nap. Felt much better afterwards.
I live in the Richmond, VA area, so any Pulmonologist recommendations would be appreciated. I'll read over all of the documents, again, thank you.
Yes, I'm in shock and trying to come to terms with what this all will mean in terms of life changes. I was employed full time prior to my health deterioration but went out on short term disability in September. I foolishly thought a six week break with rest would get me on my feet so that I could return to work! From what Dr. Kaminski told me, this upcoming year will be very difficult and I'm wondering if I'll be able to perform my high stress job again. Now, I'm faced with transitioning to long term disability in March and don't have the energy to deal with it. It's not an easy process. How long are most people out before treatments get them to a place where they can resume their lives, if ever? So many questions, I know.
Naps are good. I take one every day. Best advice I can give you is listen to your brain. Don't push it, if you think you are tired well you are. Avoid heat also. I know it's winter but just store this away. My IVIG treatments go very nicely however some people have trouble. IVIG is just a slow drip IV bag. Mine take about 3 hours. I go to a infusion center. They provide snacks and lunch if you are there during lunch time. They also provide TV, movies ect. Be picky about your treatment. Don't accept poor conditions, our lives are tough enough.
One thing that bothers me as much as heat is stress. Holidays are really tough. My wife is a angel she knows more about MG than I do. She goes in to all my Dr visits and I suggest you find someone to go with you.
I just wanted to give you a few more tips. Your temp might have been down due to dehydration. With MG, drinking and eating can be a problem. Try to stay as hydrated as you can. I drink cold water and always have water by my bed, in case I wake up choking! That tends to happen when Mestinon wears off (I'm only on Mestinon, though, and take it every 3 hours, around the clock).
If you have trouble swallowing, bend your chin downward. Watch out for tough to chew, sharp, or sticky food (i.e., peanut butter).
If you do become overheated, for whatever reason, make sure you cool down right away. And take a nap, as Mike does. Managing MG is as important as drugs are. Alternating activities with rest is crucial, even on drugs.
Socializing is one of the toughest activities. The majority of muscle groups are used, and all at once. That creates a larger demand for acetylcholine than, for example, typing on a computer. Alternating use of muscle groups can help as well.
There are people who do resume a "normal" life. Some are lucky to be in remission. Did Kamniski talk about a thymectomy?
I have more conditions than MG, and can allegedly only be on Mestinon (long story having to do with not very nice neuros). I am on SSDI. If it looks as though you may need that, apply early. That process can take up to 2-1/2 years! Many people are turned down the first or second time they apply.
There's no way to tell how your MG will progress. Remain hopeful about the drugs helping you! As I said, many people do still work with MG.
Green tea, btw, does the opposite of Mestinon. Just be careful about anything you drink/eat or any supplements or herbs taken. Caffeine, for example, does the same thing (to varying degrees) as Mestinon. Too much acetylcholine can make someone worse as well. That can lead to a cholinergic crisis (too much acetylcholine), the opposite of a myasthenic crisis (not enough acetylcholine). When your drugs do kick in, you may need to back off on Mestinon.
Not an easy disease, is it?!!
Whether or not you tell your employer about this is up to you. I have found that it helps to have some simple written explanation for family members or friends when you tell them.
I like the example of muscle gas, which is what I call acetylcholine. A car won't run without gas, and our muscles won't run without acetylcholine (ACh). Normal people have enough muscle gas for their muscles to work well. MGers have only fragments of that getting to the muscles, due to the antibodies blocking the muscle receptors. Without enough gas, our muscles will sputter or not go anymore—which can be life-threatening. The more we do, the worse we become.
I can tell you that I've had MG my entire life (only diagnosed at age 41). Has that been difficult at times? Sure. Now that I'm 59, I am concerned about what my future will hold. But I still am grateful every day that I'm doing well enough to write, play with my dog, Sami, and enjoy each day.
Attitude really helps while having a disease.
I hope the IVIG goes well. Many people premeditate with Benadryl and acetaminophen (and afterward for a couple days). If you haven't taken Benadryl before, be cautious. That drug does the opposite of Mestinon. Liquid Benadryl is great, because you can titrate the amount. Make sure they do the infusion slowly. Drink plenty of water for several days. Some people get a headache. Some do get aseptic meningitis. But don't freak out about that!
Unfortunately, Mike is right. Some doctors are real brutes. Some nurses can be, too. But we don't have to be! You can always ask for another nurse or find another doctor. There are mostly good ones out there.
Wanted to give you all an update. Everything said and suggested in this thread has come true for me.
I've started on monthly IVIG treatments and the slow prednisone taper (current dose is 40mg). In addition, I completed a sleep study last night and the Pulmonologist said the results were moderate to severe for a Myasthenia patient. I stopped breathing, on average about 14 times in an hour. During REM, breathing stopped 57 times. My O2 saturation got down to 77% and this was considered unacceptable. Next step will be another study to fit me with a BiPAP as soon as the Pulmonologist gets approval from my insurance to proceed.
This is all taking so long and I'm not feeling very well yet, but am encouraged by all of you kind people sharing advice and information. Dr. Kaminski is fantastic, so I must also give him credit, along with my local Neuro-Opthamologist who is executing orders and treatments. For anyone looking for a top Neurologist in the DC, VA, MD area, see him!


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Title: Is Your Business Ready For Growth?