text:
Justia Patents By ScrewUS Patent for Poly axial dental implant system Patent (Patent # 11,123,161)
Poly axial dental implant system
Dec 17, 2018 - JBSG MANAGEMENT LLC
A dental implant system can include an upper implant body coupled to a lower body with a cavity between the upper and lower implant bodies. The system can further include an anchor at least partially disposed within the cavity. The system can also include an abutment that couples to the anchor and serves as a mounting area for a crown. The anchor can be rotatable and swivelable, allowing the lower implant body to be implanted at an angle in bone while permitting the crown to be positioned in a natural tooth orientation.
Latest JBSG MANAGEMENT LLC Patents:
Polyaxial dental implant system
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/458,812, filed on Mar. 14, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/797,630, filed on Jul. 13, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,592,104, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/191,363, filed on Feb. 26, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,078,719, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/447,121, filed on Apr. 13, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,684,733, which claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Applications No. 61/476,230, filed on Apr. 15, 2011, No. 61/487,591, filed on May 18, 2011, No. 61/512,366, filed on Jul. 27, 2011, and No. 61/545,061, filed on Oct. 7, 2011, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The subject technology generally relates to dental implants.
Implant dentistry involves the restoration of one or more teeth in a patient's mouth using artificial components. Such artificial components typically include an implant body, an abutment, and a crown. The completed assembly is referred to as a dental implant.
The implant body is the part of the dental implant that provides the anchor or foundation for the restoration. This part is fixed in the jaw bone, and can be threaded or non-threaded. Bone tissue tends to grow around the implant body and thus the jaw bone is strengthened. Commercially available implant bodies are typically made of either commercially pure titanium or a titanium alloy and, depending on the need, may be coated with hydroxyapatite to promote osseointegration. The abutment is the portion of the dental implant that attaches to the implant body and extends above the gumline and provides internal support to the artificial crown. The crown is the topmost part of the restoration and is the part that is visible in the mouth. Crowns for dental implants are similar to crowns applied over natural teeth and are usually made of metal or porcelain or a mixture of the two. FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate two examples of existing dental implants.
Temporary components used during the implantation procedure include a healing screw and a healing cap. The healing screw is used after the implant body is initially placed while the soft tissue over the implant body is healing. The healing screw facilitates the suturing of the soft tissue and also prevents the growth of tissue over the edge of the implant. A healing cap is a dome-shaped cap that projects through the soft tissue into the oral cavity and further guide the growth of gum tissues around the implant body.
Generally, the process for restoring a tooth is carried out in four steps—diagnosis, implantation, attachment of the abutment, and attachment of the crown. During the diagnosis in Step 1, an X-ray image is typically taken of the patient's head to determine the shape and density of the bone structure of the jaw. In certain circumstances, a CAT scan may be required to provide more detailed information about the bone and the location of structures such as sinuses.
Step 2 involves implanting the dental implant into the bone of a patient's jaw. The oral surgeon first accesses the patient's jawbone through the patient's gum tissue and removes any remains of the tooth to be replaced. Next, the specific site in the patient's jaw where the implant will be anchored is widened by drilling and/or reaming to accommodate the width of the dental implant to be implanted. Then, the dental implant is inserted into the hole in the jawbone, typically by screwing, although other techniques are known for introducing the implant in the jawbone.
The implant itself is typically fabricated from pure titanium or a titanium alloy. Such materials are known to produce osseointegration of the fixture with the patient's jawbone. Existing dental implant typically include a hollow threaded bore through at least a portion of its body and extending out through its proximal end which is exposed through the crestal bone for receiving and supporting the final tooth prosthesis and/or various intermediate components or attachments.
After the implant is initially installed in the jawbone, a temporary healing screw is secured over the exposed proximal end in order to seal the internal bore. The patient's gums are then sutured over the implant body and screw to allow the implant site to heal and to allow desired osseointegration to occur. Complete osseointegration typically takes anywhere from four to ten months.
Step 3 is shown in FIG. 3A. The surgeon reassesses the implant fixture by making an incision through the patient's gum tissues. The healing screw is then removed, exposing the proximal end of the implant, and the abutment is attached to the implant body. Typically, an impression is then taken of the patient's mouth to accurately record the position and orientation of the implant and abutment within the mouth. This impression is used to create a plaster model or analogue of the mouth and/or the implant site and provides the information needed to fabricate the prosthetic replacement tooth and any required intermediate prosthetic components. Step 3 is typically completed by attaching a healing cap to the abutment to control the healing and growth of the patient's gum tissue around the implant site.
Between step 3 and step 4, a crown is fabricated from the plaster model created in step 3. Step 4 in the restorative process includes removing the temporary healing cap and attaching the crown to the abutment as shown in FIG. 3B.
One limitation of current dental implants is that the implant body is aligned vertically, i.e., substantially perpendicularly, under, i.e. deep to, the tooth being replaced. In certain patients, especially a patient with osteoporosis, the bone structure and density immediately under the location of the tooth to be replaced may not be sufficient to provide adequate attachment to the implant body. In such a situation, it would desirable to be able to angle the implant body relative to a vertical line at the location of the tooth to be replaced.
Another limitation of current dental implants is that the abutment projects from the gum sufficient that a healing cap is often necessary to guide the healing of the gum around the abutment. The healing cap may be intrusive and present an opportunity for the accumulation of food and plaque that may interfere with proper healing. It would be desirable to avoid having to place an external healing cap over the abutment while providing a temporary element through the gum that would allow the gum to heal in this area.
Various exemplary embodiments of a dental implant system that addresses the above limitations are disclosed herein. The subject technology is illustrated, for example, according to various aspects described below. Various examples of aspects of the subject technology are described as numbered independent and dependent clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.) for convenience. These are provided as examples and do not limit the subject technology. It is noted that the features of any of the dependent clauses may be combined alone or in any combination into any of the independent claims or combined with other dependent claims so as to describe a particular embodiment.
Clause 1. A dental implant system comprising: a lower implant body configured to be implanted in bone; an upper implant body configured to couple to the lower implant body, thereby forming a cavity between the upper and lower implant bodies, the upper implant body comprising an opening to the cavity; and a rotatable, swivelable anchor comprising: a base disposed at least partially within the cavity, the base comprising a first substantially spherical surface; and a shaft coupled to the base and extending through the opening.
Clause 2. The dental implant system of clause 1, wherein the lower implant body is configured to sustain an insertion torque of at least 20 N·cm.
Clause 3. The dental implant system of clause 1, wherein the upper implant body further comprises an internal surface configured such that the first substantially spherical surface is at least partially in contact with the internal surface when the upper and lower implant bodies are coupled together with the base of the anchor disposed within the cavity.
Clause 4. The dental implant system of clause 3, wherein the internal surface comprises a second substantially spherical surface.
Clause 5. The dental implant system of clause 4, wherein the opening passes through the second substantially spherical surface.
Clause 6. The dental implant system of clause 1, wherein: the lower implant body comprises an anti-rotation post configured to project into the cavity when the upper and lower implant bodies are coupled together; and the base further comprises an anti-rotation cavity configured to engage the anti-rotation post when the base of the anchor is disposed within the cavity; and the anti-rotation post and anti-rotation cavity are configured to resist rotation of the anchor about a centerline of the lower implant body while allowing rotation of the anchor about axes perpendicular to the centerline.
Clause 7. The dental implant system of clause 6, wherein: the anti-rotation post comprises a hex ball; and the anti-rotation cavity comprises a hex pocket.
Clause 8. The dental implant system of clause 1, further comprising an abutment configured to couple to the shaft of the anchor.
Clause 9. The dental implant system of clause 8, wherein: the upper implant body further comprises an external third substantially spherical surface; and the abutment comprises a fourth substantially spherical surface configured such that the fourth substantially spherical surface is at least partially in contact with the third substantially spherical surface when the upper and lower implant bodies are coupled together with the base of the anchor disposed within the cavity and the abutment coupled to the shaft of the anchor.
Clause 10. The dental implant system of clause 8, wherein: the shaft of the anchor comprises threads; and the abutment comprises a nut configured to threadingly couple to the shaft of the anchor and thereby secure the abutment in a fixed orientation relative to the upper implant body.
Clause 11. The dental implant system of clause 10, wherein the nut is captive within the abutment.
Clause 12. The dental implant system of clause 1, wherein: the lower implant body comprises a first threaded portion; the upper implant body comprises a second threaded portion configured to be threadingly coupled to the first threaded portion; and the dental implant system further comprises a healing cover configured to be removably coupled to the first threaded portion.
Clause 13. The dental implant system of clause 1, wherein the upper and lower implant bodies are configured to be welded together.
Clause 14. The dental implant system of clause 1, further comprising an installation tool configured to be removably coupled to the upper implant body and apply a torque about the centerline of the lower implant body.
Clause 15. The dental implant system of clause 14, wherein the installation tool is further configured to be removably coupled to the shaft of the anchor.
Clause 16. The dental implant system of clause 1, further comprising an installation tool configured to be removably coupled to the abutment and apply a torque about the centerline of the lower implant body.
Clause 17. A method of implanting a dental implant, the method comprising the steps of: implanting a dental implant system in a bone, the dental implant system comprising an externally threaded lower implant body configured to be implanted in bone, an upper implant body configured to couple to the lower implant body thereby forming a cavity between the upper and lower implant bodies, the upper implant body comprising an opening to the cavity, and a rotatable, swivelable anchor comprising a base disposed at least partially within the cavity, the base comprising a first substantially spherical surface, and a shaft coupled to the base and extending through the opening; and coupling an abutment to the shaft of the anchor.
Clause 18. The method of clause 17, further comprising the steps of: coupling a healing cap to the abutment; allowing time for gum tissue adjacent to the bone to heal; and removing the healing cap.
Clause 19. A method of implanting a dental implant, the method comprising the steps of: implanting a lower implant body through tissue into bone; placing an anchor in contact with the lower implant body, the anchor comprising a base that comprises a first substantially spherical surface and a shaft extending radially from the base; placing an upper implant body, having an opening, over the rotatable attachment such that the shaft extends through the hole; and coupling the upper implant body to the lower implant body.
Clause 20. The method of clause 19, further comprising the steps of: coupling a healing cover to the lower implant body; allowing time for the bone to couple to the lower implant body; and removing the healing cover from the lower implant body.
Clause 21. A dental implant system comprising: an externally threaded lower implant body configured to be implanted in bone and to sustain a torque of at least 20 Newton-centimeters (N·cm); an upper implant body configured to couple to the lower implant body, thereby forming a cavity between the upper and lower implant bodies, the upper implant body having an upper opening to the cavity; and a rotatable, swivelable attachment comprising: a substantially spherical member disposed within the cavity; and a shaft coupled to the substantially spherical member and extending from the member through the opening.
Clause 22. The dental implant system of clause 21, wherein the externally threaded body is configured to sustain an insertion torque of at least 30 N·cm.
Clause 24. The dental implant system of clause 21, further comprising an abutment configured to couple to the shaft of the rotatable attachment and to a prosthetic tooth.
Clause 25. The dental implant system of clause 24, wherein the abutment comprises a captive nut configured to threadingly couple to the shaft of the rotatable attachment.
Clause 26. A dental implant system comprising: a lower implant body configured to be implanted in bone; an upper implant body coupled to the lower implant body to form a cavity between the upper and lower implant bodies, the upper implant body having an opening to the cavity; a polyaxial sphere disposed within the cavity and having a radial bore; and an abutment configured to couple to a prosthetic tooth and having an internal passage; and an attachment element that passes through the passage, into the radial bore, and couples to the sphere, securing the abutment to the upper implant body.
Clause 27. A method of implanting a dental implant, comprising: implanting a lower implant body in bone; placing a rotatable attachment, having a substantially spherical member and a shaft extending radially from the member, in contact with the lower implant body; placing an upper implant body, having an opening, over the rotatable attachment such that the shaft extends through the hole; and coupling the upper implant body to the lower implant body.
Clause 28. The method of clause 27, further comprising coupling an abutment to the shaft, the abutment configured to attach to a prosthetic tooth.
Clause 29. A method of implanting a dental implant, the method comprising the steps of: implanting a lower implant body in bone; placing a polyaxial sphere having a radial bore in contact with the lower implant body; placing an upper implant body, having an opening, over the polyaxial sphere; coupling the upper implant body to the lower implant body; and placing an abutment, having a passage therethrough, in contact with the upper implant body, the abutment configured to attach to a prosthetic tooth.
Clause 30. The method of clause 29, further comprising passing an attachment element through the passage, through the opening, and into the bore; and coupling the attachment element to the polyaxial sphere.
Clause 31. A dental implant system comprising: a lower implant configured to be implanted in bone, the lower implant comprising: an externally threaded body having a center axis, the body configured to sustain an insertion torque of at least 20 N·cm; and an internal ball coupled to the body; an upper implant coupled to the lower implant to form a cavity between the upper and lower implants, wherein the internal ball is disposed within the cavity, the upper implant having an opening to the cavity; a rotatable attachment comprising: a substantially spherical member disposed within the cavity between the upper and lower implants, the substantially spherical member comprising a shaped pocket configured to accept the internal ball, the internal ball and shaped pocket configured such that the internal ball has restricted rotation relative to the body about the center axis and can rotate relative to the body about axes perpendicular to the center axis; and a shaft coupled to, and extending from, the substantially spherical member through the opening.
Clause 34. The dental implant system of clause 31, further comprising an abutment configured to couple to the shaft of the rotatable attachment.
Clause 35. The dental implant system of clause 31, wherein: the lower implant and the upper implant are formed as a single unitary implant; and the opening to the cavity is forming in a configuration that allows the substantially spherical member of the rotatable attachment to be inserted through the opening into the cavity so as to engage the internal ball, after which the unitary implant is manipulated to modify the opening to a configuration that retains the substantially spherical member within the cavity.
Clause 36. A dental implant system comprising: a body configured to be partially implanted in bone, the body comprising: a cavity comprising an internal surface, a portion of the internal surface being substantially spherical; and an opening through the body and within the substantially spherical portion of the internal surface, the opening having a perimeter; and an anchor comprising: a base comprising a substantially spherical external surface, the base disposed within the cavity with the substantially spherical external surface of the base in sealing contact with the substantially spherical internal surface of the cavity at least along the perimeter of the opening; and a shaft coupled to the base and extending from the base through the opening of the body.
Clause 37. The dental implant system of clause 36, wherein: the body comprises a first anti-rotation feature with an axis; the first anti-rotation feature is disposed within the cavity of the body; and the base of the anchor comprises a second anti-rotation feature configured to cooperate with the first anti-rotation feature when the anchor is disposed within the cavity; the first and second anti-rotation features are configured to cooperatively resist rotation of the base relative to the body about the axis of the first anti rotation feature while allowing rotation of the base relative to the body about axes that are perpendicular to the axis of the first anti rotation feature.
Clause 38. The dental implant system of clause 37, wherein: the first anti-rotation feature comprises a post; the second anti-rotation feature comprises an anti rotation cavity; at least a portion of the post is disposed within the anti rotation cavity.
Clause 39. The dental implant system of clause 38, wherein: the post comprises a plurality of curved features arranged symmetrically about the axis; the anti-rotation cavity comprises a plurality of symmetrically arranged curved features; the curved features of the post are disposed within the curved features of the anti-rotation cavity.
Clause 40. The dental implant system of clause 39, wherein the post and cavity each comprise six substantially cylindrical features arranged in a hexagonal configuration.
Clause 41. The dental implant system of clause 36, wherein the body comprises: a lower body configured to be implanted in bone; and an upper body coupled to the lower body; wherein the upper body and lower body cooperate to form the cavity.
Clause 42. A dental implant tool comprising: a body having a cavity at a proximal end, the cavity configured to engage a dental implant that comprises: a cavity comprising an internal surface, a portion of the internal surface being substantially spherical; and an opening through the body and within the substantially spherical portion of the internal surface, the opening having a perimeter; and an anchor comprising: a base comprising a substantially spherical external surface, the base disposed within the cavity with the substantially spherical external surface of the base in sealing contact with the substantially spherical internal surface of the cavity at least along the perimeter of the opening; and a shaft coupled to the base and extending from the base through the opening of the body.
Clause 43. The dental implant tool of clause 42, wherein the body further comprises a torque feature at a distal end opposite the proximal end, the torque feature configured to engage a torque-applying tool.
Clause 44. The dental implant tool of clause 42, further comprising an attachment element that passes through the body from the distal end toward the proximal end, the attachment element configured to engage the anchor of the dental implant.
Clause 45. A dental implant tool comprising: a body having a cavity at a proximal end, the cavity configured to engage an abutment of a dental implant, the dental implant further comprising: a cavity comprising an internal surface, a portion of the internal surface being substantially spherical; and an opening through the body and within the substantially spherical portion of the internal surface, the opening having a perimeter; and an anchor comprising: a base comprising a substantially spherical external surface, the base disposed within the cavity with the substantially spherical external surface of the base in sealing contact with the substantially spherical internal surface of the cavity at least along the perimeter of the opening; and a shaft coupled to the base and extending from the base through the opening of the body.
Clause 46. The dental implant tool of clause 45, further comprising an implant nut disposed within the abutment, the implant nut configured to engage the shaft of the anchor.
Clause 47. A dental implant system comprising: a body configured to be partially implanted in bone, the body comprising: a cavity comprising an internal surface, a portion of the internal surface being substantially spherical; and an opening through the body and within the substantially spherical portion of the internal surface, the opening having a perimeter; and an anchor comprising: a base comprising a substantially spherical external surface, the base disposed within the cavity with the substantially spherical external surface of the base in sealing contact with the substantially spherical internal surface of the cavity at least along the perimeter of the opening; and a shaft coupled to the base and extending from the base through the opening of the body; an abutment comprising a generally cylindrical cavity with a bottom and a side wall, the bottom comprising an external surface having a portion that is substantially spherical, the abutment further comprising a hole through the bottom that is configured to fit over the portion of anchor shaft that extends through the opening in the body; and a nut disposed within the cavity of the abutment and configured to engage at least a portion of the anchor shaft that extends through the opening in the body.
Clause 48. The dental implant system of clause 47, further comprising a healing cap configured to snap onto an abutment and ride against the top of the abutment.
Clause 49. The dental implant system of clause 47, wherein the anchor further comprises an anti-rotation feature configured to cooperate with a mating feature of the base to resist rotation of the anchor about a center axis of the base.
Clause 50. A method of providing a replacement tooth to a patient, the method comprising the step of: implanting a positionable dental implant into a jaw bone of the patient in an approximate surface location of the tooth that is being replaced, wherein the positionable dental implant comprises a base and an abutment, wherein the base comprises a positionable anchor comprising an anti-rotation feature that cooperates with a mating feature of the base to resist rotation of the anchor about a center axis of the base and a shaft that projects through a hole in the base, and wherein the abutment is releasably secured to the shaft of the anchor.
Clause 51. The method of clause 49, further comprising the step of: securing a healing cap over the abutment with an interior surface of the healing cap in contact with a top surface of the abutment.
Clause 52. The method of clause 49, wherein the step of implanting the positionable dental implant comprises the step of: implanting the base into the jaw bone at an angle to a center axis of the tooth that is being replaced so the base is in contact with a strongest portion of the jaw bone that is within the reach of the implant from the surface location of the tooth that is being replaced.
Clause 53. The method of clause 50, wherein the step of implanting the positionable dental implant further comprises the step of: adjusting the position of the abutment so that a central axis of the abutment is generally parallel to the center axis of the tooth that is being replaced.
Clause 54. The method of clause 51, wherein the step of adjusting the position of the abutment comprises the steps of: loosening a nut that is disposed within a cavity of the abutment and configured to engage the shaft of the positionable anchor thereby securing the abutment to the base; repositioning the anchor so that the central axis of the abutment is generally parallel to the center axis of the tooth that is being replaced; and tightening the nut.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate disclosed embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosed embodiments. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cut-way illustration of an example of an existing dental implant.
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a natural tooth and a second example of an existing dental implant.
FIG. 3A illustrates a portion of the steps in a portion of an example existing implantation process.
FIG. 3B illustrates a crown being attached to a abutment FIG. 1 in an example existing implantation process.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively, of an exemplary positional dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively, of a portion of the positional dental implant of FIGS. 4A and 4B according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively of another exemplary positional dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of the positionable dental implant of FIGS. 6A and 6B according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 8A-8C are cross-sections of stages in an exemplary implantation according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIG. 8D is a cross-section illustrating an alternate implantation configuration according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate another embodiment of a positionable dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIG. 10 depicts another embodiment of the implantable portion of a positionable dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIG. 11 depicts the positionable dental implant of FIG. 9A implanted in a patient's jaw according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 12A-12C depict another embodiment of a positionable dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 13A-13B depict details of the anchor of FIGS. 12A-12C according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 14A-14B depict details of the lower implant of FIGS. 12A-12C according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 15A-15B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of a T1 tool according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 20A-20B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of a healing cap according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIGS. 21A-21B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of another embodiment of a positionable dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
The following description discloses embodiments of a positionable dental implant and method of implantation.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a full understanding of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one ordinarily skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some of the specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the disclosure.
The method and system disclosed herein are presented in terms of a dental implant used to replace a tooth for a human being. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that these systems and methods may be applied in other applications such as veterinary medicine. Nothing in this disclosure, unless specifically stated, should be interpreted as limiting the disclosed systems and methods to the specific examples used herein.
Within this disclosure, the term "substantially spherical" refers to a two- or three-dimensional contour that does not necessarily imply a perfectly spherical shape. Rather, substantially spherical structures described herein may be substantially or partially spherical in shape, have substantially circular or elliptical cross-sections, and/or have openings, indentations, defects, or aberrations in shape without departing from the substance of the subject technology.
Within this disclosure, the term "substantially spherical surface" means that the surface has a one of more portions that share a common substantially spherical contour. The surface may be continuous or have grooves or recesses such that portions of the surface share the contour but are not continuous. The term "substantially spherical surface" does not imply that the surface subtends all or any particular portion of a sphere.
Within this disclosure, the term "substantially embedded" means that a portion of one item is embedded within a second item sufficient to fulfill an intended purpose. In some aspects, a majority of the first item may be embedded in the second item. In some aspects, for example attachment, only enough of the first object required to provide adequate attachment to the second item is embedded in the second item. In some aspects, a portion of the first item may protrude from the second item.
FIG. 1 is a cut-way illustration of an example of an existing dental implant. The dental implant is shown in the position in which it would be implanted to replace the center tooth.
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a natural tooth and a second example of an existing dental implant. The natural tooth structure is shown on the left and an example existing dental implant is shown on the right. This example dental implant has a threaded implant body and a cylindrical abutment that is screwed into a threaded recess (not visible) on the top of in the implant body. FIG. 2 also illustrates the position of the bone and gum around this example implant.
FIG. 3A illustrates a portion of the steps in a portion of an example existing implantation process. The first picture is the state of the patient after the healing period has elapsed after the implant body was placed in the jaw. The second picture illustrates removal of the gum tissue overlying the implant using a tool, and the third picture is the removal of the temporary healing screw. The fourth picture illustrates installation of an abutment using a tool, and the fifth picture illustrates an installed healing cap over the abutment and gums.
FIG. 3B illustrates a crown being attached to a abutment FIG. 1 in an example existing implantation process. In this example, the abutment is a simple pin and the crown has a matching recess (not visible) which is bonded to the pin.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively, of an exemplary positional dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The following features are identified in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B.
Ref. Identifier Feature
1 Upper implant
2 Lower implant
3 Abutment
4 Abutment inclination angle (alpha)
5 Lower implant centerline
6 Abutment centerline
7 Abutment rotation angle (beta)
8 upper implant scarf
9 threaded installation feature
10 Thread-cutting groove
11 third substantially spherical surface
13 Abutment scarf
14 second substantially spherical surface
15 first substantially spherical surface
16 Attachment interface
17 Polyaxial sphere
18 Flexure
19 fourth substantially spherical surface
22 attachment stop surfaces
24 Hexagonal recess
25 Fastener
26 Keeper groove
27 Keeper
29 positionable dental implant
In certain embodiments, the lower implant body 2 is installed into the bone of a patient prior to assembly with the upper implant body 1. An installation tool (not shown in FIG. 4A) may be removable coupled to the lower implant body 2 and manipulated such that the lower implant body is inserted through the gum tissue of a patient and into the jaw bone. In certain embodiments, this installation includes the rotation of the lower implant body about axis 5 such that the external threads of the lower implant body 2 engage the bone. In certain embodiments, a thread-cutting groove 10 assists in cutting threads into the bone to assist in the implantation. In certain embodiments, a torque is applied to the lower implant body 2 to rotate the lower implant body as it is implanted into the bone. In certain embodiments, the lower implant body 2 is configured to withstand an installation torque of up to 20 newton-centimeters (N·cm). In certain embodiments, the lower implant body 2 is configured to withstand an installation torque of up to 30 N·cm. In certain embodiments, the lower implant body 2 is configured to withstand an installation torque of up to 50 N·cm.
In certain embodiments, the upper and lower implant bodies 1 and 2 are assembled prior to implantation of the lower implant body 2 into the bone of the patient. In certain embodiments, the upper and lower implant bodies 1 and 2 are coupled with threads. In certain embodiments, the upper implant body 1 is tightened onto the lower implant body 2 until the attachment stop surfaces 22 touch.
When the upper implant body 1 is coupled to the lower implant body 2, a flexure 18 is placed on the lower implant body 2, then a polyaxial sphere 17 is placed on the flexure 18 and the upper implant body 1 placed over the polyaxial sphere 17 and coupled to the power implant body 2. The flexure 18 applies a force to the polyaxial sphere 17 that places the first substantially spherical surface 15 in at least partial contact with the second substantially spherical surface 19. In this embodiment, the polyaxial sphere 17 is free to rotate away the axis 5, shown as an angle 4, also referred to as the 'alpha angle,' and rotate about the axis 6, also referred to as the 'beta angle,' which is also aligned with the attachment interface 16.
FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary embodiment wherein abutment 3 is attached to the polyaxial sphere 17 with a fastener 25. In certain embodiments, the attachment 25 is a socket bolt having a hexagonal recess 24 that is used with a tool, such as a hex wrench (not shown in FIG. 4B, to tighten the fastener 25 to the polyaxial sphere 17.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively, of a portion of the positional dental implant 29 of FIGS. 4A and 4B according to certain aspects of this disclosure.
FIG. 5B illustrates a threaded installation feature 9 used, in certain embodiments, to enable attachment of an installation tool to the lower implant body 2. In certain embodiments, the attachment feature 16 is the same or larger than installation feature 9 such that a tool may pass through the attachment feature 16 to reach the installation feature 9 and thus allow installation of the assembled upper and lower implant bodies 1 and 2.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively of another exemplary positional dental implant 41 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The upper implant 32 and the lower implant 30 are similar to the upper and lower implants 1, 2 of FIGS. 4A and 4B. In this implant 41, a positionable anchor 43 comprises a base 34 that is captured between the upper and lower implants 32, 30 and a shaft 42 that is coupled to the base 34 and extends along a radial axis from the base 34. The anchor 43 is able to rotate and turn over a conical region defined by the movement of the shaft 42 within an opening 38 of the upper implant 32. In certain embodiments, the abutment 36 comprises a threaded bore 40 and the shaft 42 has a matching set of threads such that the abutment 36 may be screwed onto the threaded shaft 42. The angular position of the anchor 43 becomes fixed when the abutment 36 is tightened onto shaft 42.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of the positional dental implant of FIGS. 6A and 6B according to certain aspects of this disclosure. It can be seen how the shaft 42 can rotated as limited by the opening 38 of the upper implant 32.
FIGS. 8A-8C are cross-sections of stages in an exemplary implantation process according to certain aspects of this disclosure. FIG. 8A shows the lower implant 30 placed through the gum tissue 62 and into the jaw bone 60 of a patient. In this embodiment, the lower implant 30 is oriented vertically under the location of the tooth to be replaced. It can be seen that, in this embodiment, the top of the lower implant 30 is recessed from the surface of the bone 60. In certain embodiments, the top of the lower implant 30 is flush with the surface of the bone 60. A healing cover 50 has been placed over the lower implant 30. In certain embodiments, the lower implant 30 comprises a first threaded portion and the healing cover 50 is configured to be removably coupled to the first threaded portion of the lower implant 32. In certain embodiments, the gum 62 is sutured over the healing cover 50.
In FIG. 8B, some gum tissue 62 and the healing cover 50 have been removed and an anchor 34 and upper implant 32 installed. The anchor is rotated to provide the desired angle of the tooth crown (not shown in FIG. 8B) that is to be attached. A healing cap 52 is installed over the threaded shaft 42. In certain embodiments, the step shown in FIG. 8B is omitted.
In FIG. 8C, the healing cap 52 has been removed and an abutment 36 has been coupled to the shaft 42. The lower spherical interface of the abutment 36, corresponding to the fourth substantially spherical surface 19 of the abutment 3 of FIG. 4B, mates with the top spherical surface of the upper implant 32, corresponding to the third substantially spherical surface 11 of the upper implant body 1 of FIG. 4B.
FIG. 8D is a cross-section illustrating another embodiment of an implantation configuration according to certain aspects of this disclosure. In this embodiment, the lower implant 30 has been implanted at an angle to a vertical axis 70 located under the location of the tooth to be replaced. This allows the lower implant 30 to be placed, for example, into a region of the jaw where the bone 60 is denser. It can be seen that the rotational capability of the anchor 34 relative to the lower implant 30 allows the abutment 36 to be placed in the same position as in FIG. 8C despite the difference in the position of the lower implant 30.
FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate another embodiment 100 of a positionable dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The following elements are identified in FIGS. 9A-9C.
5 axis of the lower implant body
6 axis of the abutment
38 Implant thread form
39 Reduced area of abutment
41 portion of upper implant body wherein the surface is abraded for osteoblast
42 Abutment
43 Captive nut
44 Anchor
45 upper implant scarf
46 Implant assembly (includes 44, 47, 49)
47 Lower implant body
48 shaft
49 Upper implant body
53 retaining clip
55 groove
100 dental implant
In this embodiment, the abutment 42 comprises a captive locking nut 43 that is captured by a retaining clip 53 that engages a groove 55 formed in the abutment 42. In certain embodiments, the nut 43 comprises a hexagonal recess 54 that allows use of a tool (not shown) to tighten the nut 43 onto the shaft 44. Flexure 51 provides constant contact pressure between the first substantially spherical surface 50 of anchor 43 and the second substantially spherical surface 56.
FIG. 10 depicts another embodiment of the implantable portion of a positionable dental implant 100 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The following elements are identified in FIG. 10 in addition to elements previously identified.
60 Non-rotating anchor
62 anti-rotation cavity
64 Hex ball
66 anti-rotation post
68 Non-rotating lower implant body
70 Hex cavity
72 axis of anti-rotation post
The anti-rotation post 66 comprises a hex ball 64 fits into the anti-rotation cavity 62 in the non-rotating anchor 60 such that the anchor 60 cannot rotate relative to the lower implant 68 about the axis 72 but can rotate about axes perpendicular to axis 72. In certain embodiments, the axis 72 is coincident with the centerline 37 of the lower implant body 68. The hex ball shaft 66 has a straight hex profile that matches the hex cavity 70 of lower implant 68 such that the anti-rotation post 66 cannot rotate relative to the lower implant body 68.
In certain embodiments, the hex ball 64 and anti-rotation cavity 62 each have six facets configured to engage each other. In certain embodiments, the facets of the hex ball 64 are curved about an axis perpendicular to axis 72. In certain embodiments, the hex ball 64 and anti-rotation cavity 62 have a common number of facets that is different from six.
FIG. 11 depicts the positionable dental implant 100 of FIG. 9A implanted in a patient's jaw according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The upper portion 36A of the abutment 36 is configured to accept a crown 74. In certain embodiments, portion 36B is configured to be substantially embedded in the tissue 62 of the patient. In certain other embodiments, the implant assembly 46 is implanted at a greater depth, while in certain other embodiments, the implant assembly 46 is implanted at a lesser depth. In certain embodiments, the implant assembly 46 is implanted with the alpha axis 37 at an angle to the vertical (as seen in FIG. 11) similar to FIG. 8D. In certain embodiments, the elements of FIG. 10 replace the like elements of FIGS. 9A-9B.
FIGS. 12A-12C depict another embodiment 101 of a positionable dental implant according to certain aspects of this disclosure. FIG. 12A depicts an external view of the assembled dental implant 101 with a section line B-B.
FIG. 12B is a cross-section along the section line B-B of FIG. 12A. Dental implant 101 includes a lower implant 105 having a body 106 and an anti-rotation post 107, an upper implant 110, and a positionable anchor 120 having a threaded shaft 122 and a base 126 with an anti-rotation cavity 124. In this embodiment, the upper implant 110 is electron-beam welded to the lower implant 105 prior to implantation in the patient's jaw. The area indicated by the broken-line circle labeled '12C' is enlarged in FIG. 12C.
FIG. 12C is an enlarged portion of FIG. 12B wherein the anchor 120 includes a base 126 having a spherical interface surface 127. Upper implant 110 has an internal interface 111 that is substantially spherical. When assembled, and after an abutment (not shown) is tightened onto the threaded body 122, the spherical interface surface 127 of the anchor 120 is in contact with the spherical interface surface 111 of the upper implant 110. This contact between surfaces 127 and 11 forms a continuous seal along a perimeter 130 around the edge of the opening 112 in the upper implant 110. This continuous seal resists debris and bacteria from entering the internal volume 140 formed within dental implant 100. Accumulation of debris, such as liquid or solid food, in a recess where bacteria can multiple and not be easily removed in normal oral care creates a risk of infection for the patient. Providing a continuous seal along perimeter 130 reduces this risk.
FIGS. 13A-13B depict details of the anchor of FIGS. 12A-12C according to certain aspects of this disclosure. FIG. 13A is a cross-section of the anchor 120 showing the anti-rotation cavity 124. FIG. 13B is an end view from the anti-rotation cavity 124 in which it can be seen that, in this embodiment, the cavity 124 has a hexagonal profile.
FIGS. 14A-14B depict details of the lower implant of FIGS. 12A-12C according to certain aspects of this disclosure. FIG. 14A is a cross-section of a portion of the lower implant 105 showing the anti-rotation post 107. FIG. 14B is an end view from the anti-rotation post 107 in which it can be seen that, in this embodiment, the post 107 has a hexagonal profile. In certain aspects, the dimensions of the post 107 and the cavity 124 are selected such that the post 107 has clearance within the cavity 124. In certain aspects, the post 107 and cavity 124 are fabricated such that there is effectively zero clearance, i.e. less than 0.001 inches, between the two when assembled.
When the dental implant 100 is assembled as shown in FIGS. 12A-12B, the hexagonal features of this embodiment of the post 107 are disposed within the hexagonal features of the this embodiment of the cavity 127. In this configuration, the anchor 120 is free to tilt with respect to the upper and lower implant 110, 105, i.e. rotate about axes that are perpendicular to the axis 101 shown in FIG. 12B. The hexagonal features of post 107 cooperate with the hexagonal features of the cavity 127 to resist rotation of anchor 120 relative to the upper and lower implant 110, 105 about the axis 101. In certain embodiments, the maximum dimension of an aspect the post 107, such as the width of the flats across the hexagon, and the minimum dimension of the corresponding aspect of the cavity 127 are selected to be identical to minimize the clearance between the post 107 and cavity 127.
FIGS. 15A-15B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of a T1 insertion tool 150 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The tool 150 is adapted for installation of a dental implant 100, or similar, when the abutment 42 is not attached. The tool 150 comprises an outer tube 152 that is configured to engage the outer surface of the upper implant 49 and an inner shaft 154 that is configured to engage the shaft 48 of the anchor 44. Tightening the upper knob 155 pulls the anchor 44 upward against the inner surface 56 of the upper implant body 49 thereby locking the orientation of the tool 150 with respect to the lower implant body 47. Torque can then be applied to the flats 156 of the tool 150 to implant the lower implant 47 into the jawbone.
FIGS. 16A-16B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of a T2 insertion tool 160 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The tool 160 adapted for installation when the abutment 42 is not attached. The tool 160 comprises a shaft 162 having a first cavity that is configured to engage the upper implant body 49 and the upper implant scarf 45 such that the tool 160 can apply torque to the implant 100. In certain aspects, the implant 100 is free to fall out of the cavity 164. In certain aspects, a retention feature (not shown in FIG. 16A or 16B), for example an o-ring partially embedded in a wall of the cavity 164, provides retention force to retain the implant 100 within the cavity 164. A second cavity 166 provides space for the shaft 44 but does not engage the shaft 44.
FIGS. 17A-17B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of a T3 insertion tool 170 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The tool 170 is adapted to engage the implant 100 in a manner similar to tool 160. Tool 170 comprises a series of torquing flats 176 and a retention feature 174, in this example an o-ring, to prevent the tool 170 from falling out of the device (not shown) applying torque to the torquing flats 176.
FIGS. 18A-18B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of a T4 tool 180 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The tool 180 is adapted for installation when the abutment 42 is attached and the captive nut 43 tightened. The tool 180 comprises a shaft 182 and a cavity 184 configured to engage the outside surface of the abutment 42 and the abutment scarf 52. In certain aspects, the implant 100 is free to fall out of the cavity 184.
FIGS. 19A-19B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of a T5 tool 190 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The tool 190 is adapted to engage the implant 100 in a manner similar to tool 180. Tool 190 comprises a series of torquing flats 196 and a retention feature 194, in this example an o-ring, to prevent the tool 190 from falling out of the device (not shown) applying torque to the torquing flats 196.
FIGS. 20A-20B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of a healing cap 200 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. The cap 200 snaps onto an abutment 42 and rides against the top of the abutment 42. In certain embodiments, the cap 200 comprises a clip edge 202 configured to engage the ridge of the abutment 42.
FIGS. 21A-21B depict perspective and cross-section views, respectively, of another embodiment of a positionable dental implant 210 according to certain aspects of this disclosure. In this embodiment, a upper implant body 212 and lower implant body 214 are configured similar to the upper and lower implant bodies 47 and 439 of implant 100, shown in FIG. 9A, except that upper and lower implant bodies 212 and 214 are welded along the seam 216. In certain aspects, the upper and lower implant bodies 212 and 214 are e-beam welded. In certain aspects, the upper and lower implant bodies 212 and 214 are continuously welded. In certain aspects, the upper and lower implant bodies 212 and 214 are intermittently welded.
The concepts disclosed herein provide a system and method for implantation of an implant body at an angle from a vertical axis under the location of a tooth to be replaced. The angular installation allows the implant body to be placed so as to improve the strength and healing of the dental implant in the jaw bone while retaining the ability to position the abutment, and therefore the crown, in the natural tooth orientation.
The previous description is provided to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the best mode and/or other examples, it is understood that various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless specifically so stated, but rather "one or more." Unless specifically stated otherwise, the terms "a set" and "some" refer to one or more. Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. Headings and subheadings, if any, are used for convenience only and do not limit the invention.
It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps may be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
Terms such as "top," "bottom," "front," "rear" and the like as used in this disclosure should be understood as referring to an arbitrary frame of reference, rather than to the ordinary gravitational frame of reference. Thus, a top surface, a bottom surface, a front surface, and a rear surface may extend upwardly, downwardly, diagonally, or horizontally in a gravitational frame of reference.
A phrase such as an "aspect" does not imply that such aspect is essential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A phrase such as an aspect may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as an "embodiment" does not imply that such embodiment is essential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all embodiments, or one or more embodiments. A phrase such an embodiment may refer to one or more embodiments and vice versa.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example or illustration." Any aspect or design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs.
All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for" or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase "step for." Furthermore, to the extent that the term "include," "have," or the like is used in the description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprise" as "comprise" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
1. A dental implant system comprising:
an implant body configured to be implanted in bone, wherein an upper portion of the body has a cavity, an upper cavity surface, and an opening to the cavity;
an abutment having a central bore and a lower surface configured to abut the implant body;
a one-piece anchor comprising a base and a shaft extending from the base, the base disposed at least partially within the cavity, the base comprising a first surface in contact with the upper cavity surface, the shaft extending through the opening, and the shaft comprising a thread disposed on an outer surface of the shaft; and
a fastener attached to the shaft to fasten the abutment to the anchor, the fastener being recessed within the central bore and being tightenable onto the shaft to secure an angular position of the abutment relative to the upper implant body.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one-piece anchor is rotatable and swivelable and comprises:
the base disposed at least partially within the cavity, the base comprising a first substantially spherical surface in contact with a perimeter of the opening so as to form a continuous seal along the perimeter of the opening between the base and the implant body.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the continuous seal between base and the implant body is maintained in all positions of the rotatable and swivelable anchor relative to the implant body.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the base further comprises a first substantially spherical surface, and
the upper portion of the implant body further comprises an internal surface configured such that the first substantially spherical surface is at least partially in contact with the internal surface when the abutment is fastened to the anchor.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the upper portion of the implant body has a substantially spherical outer surface.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the opening passes through the substantially spherical outer surface.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein a lower portion of the implant body include a thread disposed on an outer surface.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the upper portion and lower portion of the implant body are joined together to form a continuous implant body.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the upper portion and lower portion of the implant body are welded together.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the base includes a recess formed in a bottom of the base.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the recess is a hex pocket.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the fastener is fully recessed within the central bore.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the fastener comprises a thread disposed thereon.
14. A dental implant system comprising:
an implant body configured to be implanted in bone, wherein an upper portion of the body has a first cavity, an upper cavity surface, an opening to the first cavity, and an anti-rotation component;
an abutment having a central bore and a lower surface configured to abut the implant body; and
a one-piece anchor comprising a base and a shaft extending from the base, the base disposed at least partially within the first cavity, the base comprising a first surface in contact with the upper cavity surface and an anti-rotation component, the shaft extending through the opening,
wherein the anti-rotation component of the base comprises a recess formed in a bottom of the base engageable with the anti-rotation component of the implant body to resist rotation of the anchor relative to the implant body about a center line of a lower portion of the implant body, and
wherein the recess formed in a bottom of the base is a hex pocket and the post has a hex ball.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the anti-rotation component of the implant body comprises a post.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the one-piece anchor is rotatable and swivelable and comprises:
the base disposed at least partially within the first cavity, the base comprising a first substantially spherical surface in contact with a perimeter of the opening so as to form a continuous seal along the perimeter of the opening between the base and the implant body.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the continuous seal between base and the implant body is maintained in all positions of the rotatable and swivelable anchor relative to the implant body.
18. The system of claim 14, wherein the base further comprises a first substantially spherical surface, and
19. The system of claim 14, wherein the upper portion of the implant body has a substantially spherical outer surface.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the opening passes through the substantially spherical outer surface.
21. The system of claim 14, wherein a lower portion of the implant body includes a thread disposed on an outer surface.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the upper portion and lower portion of the implant body are joined together to form a continuous implant body.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the upper portion and lower portion of the implant body are welded together.
wherein the anti-rotation component of the base comprises a recess formed in a bottom of the base engageable with the anti-rotation component of the implant body to resist rotation of the anchor relative to the implant body about a center line of a lower portion of the implant body; and
a thread on the shaft that engages with a thread on the abutment to secure an angular position of the abutment relative to the implant body.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the thread on the abutment is recessed in the central bore.
an implant body configured to be implanted in bone, wherein an upper portion of the body has a first cavity, an upper cavity surface, an opening to the first cavity, and a post;
a one-piece anchor comprising a base and a shaft extending from the base, the base disposed at least partially within the first cavity, the base comprising a first surface in contact with the upper cavity surface and a second cavity on a bottom of the base, the shaft extending through the opening,
wherein the second cavity is engageable with the post to resist rotation of the anchor relative to the implant body about a center line of a lower portion of the implant body, and
wherein the second cavity is a hex pocket and the post has a hex ball.
27. The system of claim 26, wherein the second cavity is an anti-rotation cavity and the post is an anti-rotation post.
36. A dental implant system:
wherein the second cavity is engageable with the post to resist rotation of the anchor relative to the implant body about a center line of a lower portion of the implant body; and
3732621 May 1973 Bostrom
4431416 February 14, 1984 Niznick
4713004 December 15, 1987 Linkow et al.
4932868 June 12, 1990 Linkow
5007835 April 16, 1991 Valen
5071350 December 10, 1991 Niznick
5302125 April 12, 1994 Kownacki et al.
5564922 October 15, 1996 Rosa
5622500 April 22, 1997 Niznick
6287115 September 11, 2001 Lustig
6843653 January 18, 2005 Carlton
8684733 April 1, 2014 McBride
9078719 July 14, 2015 McBride
9592104 March 14, 2017 McBride
10265144 April 23, 2019 McBride
20050042573 February 24, 2005 Lustig et al.
20060024644 February 2, 2006 Cohen
20090202962 August 13, 2009 Xam-Mar Mangrane
20090246733 October 1, 2009 Auderset et al.
20100036427 February 11, 2010 Winslow et al.
2766354 January 1999 FR
S63-125251 May 1988 JP
2005-528164 September 2005 JP
2010-521265 June 2010 JP
2014/106761 July 2014 WO
Locate a Better Prosthetic Option with GPS <www.implantdirect.com/newsletters/2012/ai.sub.—mail.htm>, visited Jul. 11, 2012.
Filed: Dec 17, 2018
Assignee: JBSG MANAGEMENT LLC (Santa Ana, CA)
Inventors: Jim Mcbride (Corona, CA), Gonzalo Covarrubias (San Juan Capistrano, CA), Souhail Toubia (San Juan Capistrano, CA), Bradford Staph (Dana Point, CA)
Primary Examiner: Ralph A Lewis
Current U.S. Class: By Screw (433/174)
International Classification: A61C 8/00 (20060101);


text:
Read Next Proud Boy Brawler 'Tiny' Toese Jailed on Felony Charges in Washington State
January 8, 2016 4:02PM ET
Chris Stapleton Set for Coachella, 'SNL': The Ram Report
With a coveted national TV appearance and a slot on the all-genre Coachella lineup, Stapleton cements his crossover
When Chris Stapleton's CMA Awards performance with Justin Timberlake went viral back in November, it catapulted the singer-songwriter out of Nashville and into the mainstream. And a recently announced booking on Saturday Night Live only cements the Traveller artist's crossover.
Stapleton is set to perform on the January 16th episode of SNL, hosted by Star Wars: The Force Awakens star Adam Driver. The appearance makes Stapleton the only country artist to play Saturday Night Live this season, and the first since Zac Brown Band were musical guests last March.
Stapleton also stands as the only country act on the eclectic Coachella lineup. He'll perform at each of the festival's two weekends in April, on a day headlined by DJ Calvin Harris, before returning to the festival grounds for a third consecutive weekend to play at the country-curated Stagecoach Music Festival.
All of the success is still a bit mystifying for Stapleton, who told Rolling Stone Country back in November, that they were surprised by all the sell-outs of his current tour, as well as the emergence of ticket scalpers.
"We booked shows in what we thought. . . [was] really stretching out there. And they sold out really quick," he said. "But we don't know what the new reality is as far as people coming to shows or being curious enough to buy a ticket. Or scalpers trying to charge people $800 a ticket."
Stapleton is set to make a tour stop in Atlanta tonight.
In This Article: Chris Stapleton

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our online training will provide the platform to enable you to share, learn, develop knowledge and skills that meet the need of our staff and clients.
If you're having trouble viewing our courses, check your system requirements or consult the help and support section to find out more.
You do not appear to have the Adobe Flash player installed, or it is out dated. Please make sure you have Javscript enabled and your flash player is up to date.
Enter your username and password below to access your online training.


text:
Q: encoding is not working for certain characters I have few characters in my document like , ,  and . I am tried UTF-8 and UTF-16 as encoding, when I read the inputstream. Then I do some processing, like show the text on browse, write the text in output file. It all looks good and I see the same character.
Though, I am also calculating the number of characters in each word and when I count the number of characters for these, it comes out to be 2. I looked and internally, java string corresponding to these words are like ð¿, which is clearly 2 characters.
I thought using the UTF-8 encoding, should just give me exact character but it is giving me something weird. Any idea what I might be missing

A: You're confused.
Strings do not have an encoding.
Bytes (so, byte[]) has an encoding. Strings do not.
Whenever you convert byte[] to string (and standard input is bytes, not strings, as is standard output. Files are bytes. Data travelling over a network, unless encapsulated in some character-oriented protocol, are bytes too), an encoding is applied.
Whenever you convert a string to bytes, an encoding is applied.
Thus, once you have a java.lang.String object, there are only two options:

*

*The string is mangled gobbledygook because you had some bytes in e.g. ISO-8859-1 encoding, but you turned that into a string using new String(theBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8). Note that new String(theBytes) is banned code and always buggy, don't ever call that method (that uses 'platform default encoding', which is a funny way of saying 'never what you want'). The fix is to create the right string. For example:

String x = "é";
System.out.println(x.length());
byte[] data = x.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
String y = new String(data, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
System.out.println(y.length());
System.out.println(y);

> 1
> 2
> é

See? This process has turned the data into meaningless garbage and the size of y is now just broken. There is no fixing this, other than by avoiding applying the wrong encoding.
Alternatively,

*You have characters from one of the higher unicode planes.

Turns out that java was created in a time of transition, and java uses the so-called surrogate pair encoding internally. That means that all characters whose unicode number is very high (I believe, above 32767), are actually represented by 2 chars, not 1. These 2 chars go together and are called a surrogate pair.
The solution is to use the codepoint based methods that string has:
String simple = "é";
System.out.println(simple.length());
System.out.println(simple.codePointCount(0, simple.length()));
> 1
> 1

String complex = "";
System.out.println(complex.length());
System.out.println(complex.codePointCount(0, complex.length()));
> 2
> 1

.length() returns the number of 'unicode char units', which counts a unicode codepoint represented by a surrogate pair as 2 units. The codePointCount method counts them as 1 unicode codepoint.

I have few characters in my document like , ,  and

Thus if one of those characters has a high enough codepoint that it takes a surrogate pair to represent it, voila. This explains it - use codePointCount and not length (note that the performance characteristic of codePointCount is O(n) - it takes longer for long strings, as java has to iterate through the entire thing to find surrogate pairs and adjust the count accordingly).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It can be hard to observe accusations of infidelity during the process know you are innocent, especially if your spouse is convinced that you are showing all the signs, like never being in the house in Clement Street and toying with everyone during the process assign your case out in Dartford.
When you have little patience with your partner, Private Investigators Dartford will be able to render you assistance in order to put their mind at rest with a service like a Matrimonial Lie Detector Test in Dartford.
Regarding Time, Are You Guilty Of Not Spending Enough For Your Spouse In The Home Inside Dartford?
Sometimes family members and also work can get too intense when you're inside Hawley, but are you going showing less consideration and also causing them to feel less valued?
Unconsciously giving less time and focus on your partner within Hawley could make all of them sense something and they may start to believe you're disloyal within Dartford.
Have You Been Guiltlessly Flirting With Other People In Dartford?
Any action of innocent flirting can make your partner in Fleet-Downs feel neglected by you and less appealing.
How Do You Determine Your Partner Is Unfaithful In Dartford?
Sometimes the particular accuser could possibly be the one unfaithful, a dishonest spouse will see an approach to be a cheater and also shift the particular fault on an individual regardless if your home is inside the Clement Street or perhaps Darenth location.
Someone guilty of disloyalty will discover a reason for another companion to be blamed in the relationship associated with being unfaithful within Fleet-Downs to warrant his/her unbecoming habit within Dartford.
You are able to give their opinion that the actual allegations of the companion are due to their very own cheating within Dartford if you're not being unfaithful.
Any Private Investigators Dartford Matrimonial Investigation regularly carried out by specialist private investigators inside Dartford can uncover proof that can guarantee you that you don't have to fret regarding your spouse's commitment.
In case you have fallen short in their goal So as to guarantee your companion's suspicions of a fling and there is conversation of separation, a Matrimonial Lie Detector Test in Dartford accomplished in the privacy and convenience of your own Hawley residence could be the answer.
The individuals who carry out the Matrimonial lie detector tests in Dartford of Private Investigators Dartford are proficient examiners at the British and European Polygraph Association.


For the final day of 'Puppet Show' puppets and puppeteers, art-related or otherwise, are invited to come to Eastside Projects to inhabit the gallery, meet the residents and join the revolution. This ad-hoc afternoon of marionette mayhem will combine 'open mike' performance slots with informal space for puppets to be themselves.
During the afternoon there will be two performances, at 1pm and 3pm, of 'Nuclear Family (Three Tragedies and a Satire) written by Heather and Ivan Morison and performed by Owen Davies.


text:
**Language**

-   PUG (HTML)
-   SASS (CSS)
-   jQuery (Javascript)

**Tools**

-   Gulp & Plugins
-   Browser Sync
-   Sublime Text

##  CSS Methodologies

-   BEM
-   SMACSS
-   Atomic

##  Project Specs

-   Languages: Chinese and English
-   Breakpoints: 6

##  Install & Setup

**Option 1**

1.  Upload *dist* to server
2.  Configure */dist/en/index.html* or */dist/cn/index.html* as default page

**Option 2**

1.  `npm install`
2.  `gulp`
3.  Upload the latest *dist* to server

> Note: This project is mainly for organizing concepts and code snippets.
> Each file/module is updated independently, therefore, it may not work properly as a whole.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This site https://www.nandos.ae is made available by Nando's. Nando's is registered as Nando's UAE LLC. Any reference to "Nando's", "we", "our" or "us" includes Nandos UAE LLC , our employees, officers, directors, representatives, agents, shareholders, affiliates, subsidiaries, holding companies, related entities, advisers, sub-contractors, service providers, successors, assigns and suppliers, ("Nando's", "we", our" or "us"). We operate a website: https://www.nandos.ae (the "Website").
1.2 You agree that you are solely responsible for obtaining and maintaining all facilities, services, products and equipment which may be required by you to use the Website and the Services, including currently updated anti-virus software. You must, at all times, provide your own hardware, software as well as a modem and internet connectivity and telecommunications infrastructure.
1.3 When certain words and phrases are used in the Terms, they have specific meanings (these are known as "defined terms"). You can identify these defined terms because they start with capital letters (even if they are not at the start of a sentence). Where a defined term is used, it has the meaning given to it in the section of these Terms where it was defined (you can find these meanings by looking at the sentence where the defined term is included in brackets and speech marks).
1.4 When we refer to "users", "you" or "your" we mean you, the person accessing or using the Website.
2.1 The Website is made available free of charge. We do not guarantee that the Website, or any content on it, will always be available or be uninterrupted. Access to the Website is permitted on a temporary basis. We may suspend, withdraw, discontinue, update or change all or any part of the Website and the content without notice. We will not be liable to you if for any reason the Website is unavailable at any time or for any period. We will not be liable for any damage, loss or liability of whatsoever nature arising from your use of or inability to use the Website or the Services or content provided from and through the Website. Furthermore, we make no representations or warranties, implied or otherwise, that, amongst others, the content and technology available from the Website are free from errors or omissions or that the Services will be 100% error free or be accessible from all browsers or operating systems.
2.3 The Website and the content on it are provided for general information purposes only. They are not intended to amount to advice (medical or otherwise) on which you should rely.
2.9 We have taken all reasonable and foreseeable steps and precautions to ensure the accuracy of all of the content available on the Website however the content is intended and produced for general information purposes only, and to the extent allowed by law and you should not rely upon it as specific advice of any kind.
2.10 You understand and agree that the information, details and descriptions set out on this Website, including the details regarding the menus, Products, services, and available careers, may change from time to time. This Website may therefore not always contain the correct or most up-to-date information, details and descriptions relating to our Services.
2.11 You acknowledge that any information in respect of nutrition on the Website is not intended to, and does not, constitute professional advice or a replacement or substitute for professional advice of any nature whatsoever.
4.1 You agree not to (i) use the Website in any way that breaches the Terms or any applicable local, Emirate, national, Federal or international law or regulation; (ii) copy, or otherwise reproduce or re-sell any part of the Website unless expressly permitted to do so in the Terms; or (iii) do any act or thing that might damage, disrupt or otherwise interfere with the operation of the Website, the Services or any equipment, network or software used in operating the Website.
4.2 You must not perform any act which may jeopardise or interfere with the functionality or the operation of any part of the Website or our Services.
4.3 You may not use the Website for "spoofing", "hacking", "flaming", "cracking", "phishing" or "spamming" or any other activity designed or aimed at achieving purposes similar to or the same as "spoofing", "hacking", "flaming", "cracking", "phishing" or "spamming".
4.4 You will not intercept any information transmitted to or from us or the Website which is not intended by us to be received by you.
4.5 The Website and the content may only be used by you for lawful purposes and you will not use the source code of the Website or the content.
4.6 You will not: (i) frame, modify, distribute, commercialise, exploit and/or alter the Website or the content; (ii) incorporate any part of the content in any other work or publication; and/or (iii) perform any other act which may not be considered fair use. On notice from us, you agree to stop any activity which we do not consider, in our sole and absolute discretion, to constitute fair use.
4.7 You are permitted to create a hyperlink to the Website so long as the link does not portray us in a false, confusing, misleading, derogatory, or otherwise offensive manner or in any way associate us with any derogatory or otherwise offensive content. You also agree to ensure that any hyperlink to the Website is clearly visible.
4.8 Hyperlinks provided on this Website to non-Nando's sites, are provided "as is" and we do not necessarily agree with, edit or sponsor the content on such websites. No person, business or website may frame this Website or any of the pages on this Website in any way whatsoever.
4.9 The Website and the Services available through the Website may contain links to other third-party websites, including (without limitation) social media platforms ("Third-Party Websites"). If you link to Third-Party Websites, you may be subject to those Third-Party Websites' terms and conditions and other policies.
4.10 We assume no responsibility for the content of Third Party Websites linked to from the Website. Such links should not be interpreted as endorsement by us of those Third-Party Websites. We will not be liable for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them.
4.11 Any restrictions on the use of the Website or the content shall also apply to any part of the Website or the content which may be cached when using the Website or the content.
4.12.4 disseminate performance information or analysis of the Software from any source relating to the Software.
4.13.7 it must not promote or condone terrorism, violence or illegal behaviour.
4.14 We reserve the right to refuse to accept or refuse or cease to use any User Generated Content supplied by any person at our sole discretion if we believe it contravenes these rules.
4.15 In addition, we may from time to time provide interactive services on the Website that shall enable you to upload User Generated Content, including, without limitation (i) comment facilities; (ii) chat rooms; and/or (iii) bulletin boards, (together "Interactive Services").
4.16 Where we provide an Interactive Service, we will use reasonable endeavours to provide information to you about the kind of service offered and if it is moderated. However, we are under no obligation to oversee, monitor or moderate any Interactive Service we provide.
4.17 The use of any of our Interactive Services by a minor is subject to the consent of their parent or guardian. We advise parents who permit their children to use an Interactive Service that it is important that they communicate with their children about their safety online. Minors who are using any Interactive Service should be made aware of the potential risks to them.
4.18 We do not guarantee that the Website will be secure or free from bugs or viruses. You are responsible for configuring your information technology, computer programmes and platform in order to access the Website and we recommend that you use your own virus protection software which is updated with the latest virus signatures.
4.19 You must not misuse the Website by knowingly introducing viruses, trojans, worms, logic bombs or other material which is malicious or technologically harmful. You must not attempt to gain unauthorised access to the Website, the server on which the Website is stored or any server, computer or database connected to the Website. You must not attack the Website via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of service attack. We will report any such breach to the relevant law enforcement authorities and we will co-operate with those authorities by disclosing your identity to them. In the event of such a breach, your right to use the Website and the Services will cease immediately.
4.20 We do not permit copyright infringing activities and infringement of intellectual property rights on the Website, and we may, at our sole discretion, remove any infringing content if we are of the view that such content infringes on another's intellectual property rights or our own.
5.1 We are the owner or licensee of all intellectual property rights in the Website and its content, the Nando's name and mark and Nando's product names, images and packaging. Those works are protected by intellectual property laws and treaties around the world. All such rights are reserved.
5.2 You are not granted any right to use, and may not use, any of our intellectual property rights other than as set out in these Terms. You must not use any of the online ordering platforms and/or the Website (or any part of it or its content) for commercial purposes; however, you may download material from the Website solely for non-commercial, personal use by you.
5.4 Any communications or materials you send to us through the Website by electronic mail or other means will be treated as non-proprietary and non-confidential We are free to publish, display, post, distribute and otherwise use any ideas, suggestions, concepts, designs, know-how and other information contained in such communications or material for any purpose, including, but not limited to, developing, manufacturing, advertising and marketing us and our Products. In particular, you grant us a non-exclusive, transferable, perpetual, royalty-free, worldwide licence to copy, use, reproduce, distribute, display, publish, adapt, prepare derivate works of and/or amend any User Generated Content in any format, including in our Services and Products for any purpose including in relation to the promotion of our Services and Products.
6.1 Nothing in the Terms excludes or limits our liability in terms of any matter in respect of which it would be unlawful under UAE Laws (as defined below) for us to exclude or restrict our liability.
6.2 We are not liable for any loss, damages or injury caused by, including but not limited to, any defect, omission, delay in operation or transmission, error, interruption, computer virus, or failure of performance..
6.3 We only supply the Website for domestic and private use. You agree not to use the Website, or any content on the Website, for any commercial or business purposes and we have no liability to you for any loss of profit, loss of business, business interruption, or loss of business opportunity that may result from, including but not limited to, the use of, or the inability to use, the Services and/or the Website, even in the event of negligence of Nando's. Nando's total liability to you for all losses, damages, and causes of action (in contract, tort (including without limitation, negligence) or otherwise) will not be greater than the amount you paid to access the Website.
8.1.7 disclose such information to law enforcement authorities as we reasonably feel is necessary to do.
10.1 We may make changes to the Terms from time to time. Please check the Terms regularly to ensure that you understand what is applicable at the time that you access and use the Website and/or Services.
11.1 Each of the clauses of the Terms operate separately. If any court or relevant authority decides that any of them are unlawful or unenforceable, the remaining clauses will remain in full force and effect.
11.2 If we fail to insist that you perform any of your obligations under the Terms, or if we do not enforce our rights against you, or if we delay in doing so, that will not mean that we have waived our rights against you and will not mean that you do not have to comply with those obligations. If we do waive a default by you, we will only do so in writing, and that will not mean that we will automatically waive any later default by you.
12.1 The Terms and the relationship between us shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the United Arab Emirates. Any disputes arising in connection with the Terms and our Services shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the UAE Courts. If any provision of the Terms is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid (including, without limitation, because such provision is inconsistent with the laws of another jurisdiction) or inapplicable, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties' intentions as reflected in the provision.
12.2 The termination of any contract created by the Terms will be without prejudice to any other rights or remedies that you or we may be entitled to under the contract or at law, and will not affect any of our or your accrued rights or liabilities nor the coming into or continuance in force of any provision of these Terms which is expressly or by implication intended to come into or continue in force on or after such termination.
12.3 If the Terms or any contract governed thereby or the Services provided and/or made available on the Website are regulated by or subject to any applicable UAE laws or regulations, as may be amended from time to time (the "UAE Laws"), it is not intended that any provision of the Terms contravene any provision of such UAE Laws. Therefore all provisions of the Terms must be treated as being qualified, to the extent necessary, to ensure that the provisions of the UAE Laws are complied with.
13.1 Certain parts of the Website may contain competitions or promotions from us or third parties. The terms and conditions for those competitions and promotions will be specified on the relevant part of the Website from time to time. By entering or participating in a competition or promotion you agree to be bound by the relevant terms and conditions. Notwithstanding any specific terms and conditions, we specifically retain the right, at any time and without notice, to remove, alter or add to competitions or promotions on the Website without any liability to you.
14.1.4 any claim that your content caused damage to a third party.
14.2 This defence and indemnification obligation will survive termination, modification or expiration of the Terms and your use of the Services and the Website.
15.2 These Terms shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon our and/or your party's successors and assigns as may be applicable.
15.4 By using the Website and/or the Services, you agree that all contracts, notices, disclosures and other communications sent by you or us satisfy any legal requirements, including but not limited to the requirement that such communications should be "in writing". For the purposes of this clause, a "data message" means data generated, sent, received or stored by electronic means.
15.5.4 any data message sent by either you or us to the other will be deemed to have been sent from our physical address if neither your usual place of business nor residence is located within United Arab Emirates.
15.5.6 subject to the further provision of the Terms, a data message sent by you to us will only be treated as having been received by us when an acknowledgement of receipt is sent by us personally or a person who has authority to act on our behalf in respect of that data message.


text:
Günzing ist eine Ortschaft im oberösterreichischen Innviertel und Teil der Gemeinde Taiskirchen im Innkreis im Bezirk Ried im Innkreis.

Gliederung
Die Ortschaft ist auf folgende Siedlungen aufgeteilt:
 Günzing (Rotte)
 Au (Einschicht)

Geschichte
Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als Chunczin findet sich in der "Grenz-, Güter- und Volksbeschreibung des Landgerichts Schärding" und stammt aus dem Jahr 1433.

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Bezirk Ried im Innkreis
Taiskirchen im Innkreis
Innviertler Hügelland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The VHF-2001 VHF Wireless Microphone System is designed to provide clear natural sound quality in any environment. With a range of up to 100 feet you are provided the freedom to meander and interact with the crowd. The VHF-2001M comes with the VHF-1001 receiver and two VHF-04HHM unidirectional dynamic pop resistant microphones for feedback rejection and high-SPL handling. The VHF-2001HL includes the VHF-1001 receiver and two HSL-08 combo headset/lavalieres that provide crisp, clear hands free sound. The VHF-2001 is the perfect affordable wireless microphone for presentations, houses of worship, vocalists, musicians, DJ's and public speaking venues.


I took my kids swimming a few weeks ago at a local community pool. The pool opened later than we thought it did, we hadn't had lunch yet, and there was a long line to get in. By the time we got our stroller through the maze of beach towels and people, found a spot to plop our stuff, and got our shade up, the kids were already whining and anxious to get in the water.
This is of course the moment where all four kids needed sunscreen. And one kid in particular is sure that sunscreen is the root of all evil and is happy to let everyone around us know it by fuh-reaking out about me putting it on. Talks about sunburn and cancer and "do you want to die?" mean nothing to a five-year-old who doesn't like white creamy stuff rubbed all over his face.
I was of course doing my best to keep it together, apply sunscreen as fast as humanly possible, and keep one leg draped across the three year old pinning him to the ground so he couldn't get close to the water until we were ALL ready to go (yes, I put his floatie on, but he's still not old enough to be free-range at a big crowded pool and rationalizing with him to stay put is useless with him).
She smiled knowingly back at me and said "You're doing a good job, mom. You're being so patient with them and really are doing so great." I smiled at her and pressed my leg down a little harder as the three year old was starting to slither his way out, finished applying sunscreen on the fourth kid (four kids is just WAY too many humans to put sunscreen on in a reasonable amount of time) and we headed for the water.
I left the woman sitting there but continued to think about her as I made my way around the lazy-river over and over and over again. That situation could have ended in so many different ways. She could have acted like she wasn't paying attention at all (because the kid screaming "I HATE SUNSCREEN" wasn't drawing anyone's attention for sure–did I mention we have issues with sunscreen?). She could have joked back with me and made some off-hand comment about kids being hard or how my kids were a handful. Se could have said something rude. She could have said dozens of things or ignored us all together. But what she chose to say was "You're doing a good job." She chose that moment to encourage and praise instead of judge or criticize even though she didn't know a thing about me or my kids.
I've thought about her often since that day. I still remember exactly what she looks like (a big deal for someone who doesn't remember what they wore yesterday). I'm grateful for her and the simple words she said. Words that, quite honestly, changed my mothering attitude that day. And I wonder what life would be like if we all took the chance to do what she did. She saw me. She empathized. And she encouraged.
It seems so small, but what if we all did what she did? What if we SEE the moms who look like they have it all together and the moms who look like everything's falling apart and the moms in between? And instead of looking away or acting like we don't see what's happening, we stop and we encourage. Motherhood as we know it will undoubtedly change when we choose to actively and consistently encourage each other. Choosing to encourage others can make such a big difference in our day-to-day interactions.
You, momma. You're doing a good job. Those kids are lucky to have you.
I'm trying to better at encouraging my kids and I'm headed to girls' camp for 4 days with a bunch of teenaged girls who need encouragement and probably the leaders too!
This was seriously such a good read, especially since I had a fiasco at the pool about two weeks myself. It's so hard trying to control the kids, and it can be embarrassing and the kind of experience that makes you want to run straight home (if you could actually convince your kids to go home without a tantrum). I'm going to say something positive to moms and praise them for a job well done should I encounter a similar situation.


The Garden Building is a purpose built facility for Merlin House (sleeps 9) and the Long Barn next door comprising Merlin Barn (sleeps 6) and High Barn (sleeps 5).
There is a large games room with fabulous views through large patio doors of the Brecon Beacons and Black Mountain. There is a slate bed snooker table with pool and snooker balls and a full size table tennis cover. There is a small library of books and board games that visitors can borrow for use in their cottage. For younger visitors there are junior board games and a dolls house.
The laundry has a washing machine, tumble dryer, wc and washbasin.
The walker's room has an ironing board, sink unit, clothes drying rack and large freezer. There is a boot scraper outside.


This license is for 90 days (3 months) to 5 devices (Windows, macOS, Android), for home (personal) use.
The license takes effect from the date of registration.
You get free upgrades during the license period.
Offer valid when you install Bitdefender Antivirus using the first account.


text:
BTS Have Their Sights Set on the Super Bowl Halftime Show
Big Hit Entertainment, YouTube
They've already completely conquered the award show and late night television circuit here in the States (well, almost completely — the boys could certainly use some music-focused nominations alongside those social media and fandom noms...), but BTS are already setting their sights on an even bigger U.S. televised playing field: the Super Bowl Halftime Show.
During their interview with TIME magazine, member Suga of the superstar South Korean group admitted he certainly wouldn't mind performing at the iconic American sporting event in the future.
"I'm just throwing it out there, but maybe we could perform at the Super Bowl someday," he quipped.
And honestly, why shouldn't one of the biggest music acts on the entire planet be able to take one of the most famous stages in America, a stage performed on by fellow superstars like Britney Spears, Beyonce and Justin Timberlake?
The appeal of BTS is their ability to make universally relevant music—language barriers be damned!—that makes people feel connected and feel seen.
"We started to tell the stories that people wanted to hear and were ready to hear, stories that other people could not or would not tell," Suga explained to TIME. "We said what other people were feeling—like pain, anxieties and worries. That was our goal, to create this empathy that people can relate to."
Celebrity Fans of BTS
Source: BTS Have Their Sights Set on the Super Bowl Halftime Show
Filed Under: BTS, K-Pop


In addition, ERISA requires that any fiduciaries of an employee benefit plan act in the best interests of participants and in accordance with the governing plan documents, fulfill their responsibilities to the plan in a prudent manner, diversify the investment of plan assets, and refrain from self-dealing.
Any individual who willfully violates a provision of ERISA can be fined up to $100,000 ($500,000 for companies) or imprisoned for up to ten years. In addition, participants and beneficiaries, as well as the Secretary of Labor, can bring civil actions to enforce specific provisions of ERISA, recover benefits due under the plan, or otherwise obtain relief for violations, and courts have the discretion to award attorney's fees and costs as part of any suits that are filed. There are also specific monetary penalties that can be assessed for specific failures. For example, a court can award participants who requested information regarding the plan but did not receive it up to $110 per day per participant. Finally, plan fiduciaries can be held personally liable if a plan suffers a loss due to their failure to follow the requirements of ERISA.
ERISA applies to plans that qualify as "employee pension benefit plans" or "employee welfare benefit plans." In the October issue of Benefits Review, we will discuss what types of plans fall within those definitions.