text:
One mechanical horsepower lifts 550 pounds (250 kg) by 1 foot high in 1 second.
Unit of
Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions used today are the mechanical horsepower (or imperial horsepower), which is about 745.7 watts and the metric horsepower, which is approximately 735.5 watts.
The term was adopted in the late 18th century by Scottish engineer James Watt to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses. It was later expanded to include the output power of other types of piston engines, as well as turbines, electric motors and other machinery.[1][2] The definition of the unit varied among geographical regions. Most countries now use the SI unit watt for measurement of power. With the implementation of the EU Directive 80/181/EEC on 1 January 2010, the use of horsepower in the EU is permitted only as a supplementary unit.[3]
A team of six horses mowing hay in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
The development of the steam engine provided a reason to compare the output of horses with that of the engines that could replace them. In 1702, Thomas Savery wrote in The Miner's Friend:[4]
So that an engine which will raise as much water as two horses, working together at one time in such a work, can do, and for which there must be constantly kept ten or twelve horses for doing the same. Then I say, such an engine may be made large enough to do the work required in employing eight, ten, fifteen, or twenty horses to be constantly maintained and kept for doing such a work…
The idea was later used by James Watt to help market his improved steam engine. He had previously agreed to take royalties of one third of the savings in coal from the older Newcomen steam engines.[5] This royalty scheme did not work with customers who did not have existing steam engines but used horses instead.
Watt determined that a horse could turn a mill wheel 144 times in an hour (or 2.4 times a minute).[6] The wheel was 12 feet (3.7 m) in radius; therefore, the horse travelled 2.4 × 2π × 12 feet in one minute. Watt judged that the horse could pull with a force of 180 pounds-force (800 N). So:
P = W t = F d t = 180 lbf × 2.4 × 2 π × 12 ft 1 min = 32,572 ft ⋅ lbf min . {\displaystyle P={\frac {W}{t))={\frac {Fd}{t))={\frac {180~{\text{lbf))\times 2.4\times 2\,\pi \times 12~{\text{ft))}{1~{\text{min))))=32{,}572~{\frac ((\text{ft))\cdot {\text{lbf))}{\text{min))}.}
Watt defined and calculated the horsepower as 32,572 ft⋅lbf/min, which was rounded to an even 33,000 ft⋅lbf/min.[7]
Watt determined that a pony could lift an average 220 lbf (0.98 kN) 100 ft (30 m) per minute over a four-hour working shift.[8] Watt then judged a horse was 50% more powerful than a pony and thus arrived at the 33,000 ft⋅lbf/min figure.[9][better source needed] Engineering in History recounts that John Smeaton initially estimated that a horse could produce 22,916 foot-pounds (31,070 N⋅m) per minute.[10] John Desaguliers had previously suggested 44,000 foot-pounds (59,656 N⋅m) per minute, and Tredgold suggested 27,500 foot-pounds (37,285 N⋅m) per minute. "Watt found by experiment in 1782 that a 'brewery horse' could produce 32,400 foot-pounds [43,929 N⋅m] per minute."[11] James Watt and Matthew Boulton standardized that figure at 33,000 foot-pounds (44,742 N⋅m) per minute the next year.[11]
A common legend states that the unit was created when one of Watt's first customers, a brewer, specifically demanded an engine that would match a horse, and chose the strongest horse he had and driving it to the limit. Watt, while aware of the trick, accepted the challenge and built a machine that was actually even stronger than the figure achieved by the brewer, and it was the output of that machine which became the horsepower.[12]
In 1993, R. D. Stevenson and R. J. Wassersug published correspondence in Nature summarizing measurements and calculations of peak and sustained work rates of a horse.[13] Citing measurements made at the 1926 Iowa State Fair, they reported that the peak power over a few seconds has been measured to be as high as 14.9 hp (11.1 kW)[14] and also observed that for sustained activity, a work rate of about 1 hp (0.75 kW) per horse is consistent with agricultural advice from both the 19th and 20th centuries and also consistent with a work rate of about 4 times the basal rate expended by other vertebrates for sustained activity.[13]
When considering human-powered equipment, a healthy human can produce about 1.2 hp (0.89 kW) briefly (see orders of magnitude) and sustain about 0.1 hp (0.075 kW) indefinitely; trained athletes can manage up to about 2.5 hp (1.9 kW) briefly[15] and 0.35 hp (0.26 kW) for a period of several hours.[16] The Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt produced a maximum of 3.5 hp (2.6 kW) 0.89 seconds into his 9.58 second 100-metre (109.4 yd) dash world record in 2009.[17]
Calculating power
When torque T is in pound-foot units, rotational speed N is in rpm, the resulting power in horsepower is
P [ hp ] = T [ ft ⋅ lbf ] × N [ rpm ] 5252 . {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp))]={\frac {T[{\text{ft)){\cdot }{\text{lbf))]\times N[{\text{rpm))]}{5252)).} [18]
The constant 5252 is the rounded value of (33,000 ft⋅lbf/min)/(2π rad/rev).
When torque T is in inch-pounds,
P [ hp ] = T [ in ⋅ lbf ] × N [ rpm ] 63,025 . {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp))]={\frac {T[{\text{in)){\cdot }{\text{lbf))]\times N[{\text{rpm))]}{63{,}025)).}
The constant 63,025 is the approximation of
33,000 ft ⋅ lbf min × 12 in ft 2 π rad ≈ 63,025 in ⋅ lbf min . {\displaystyle 33{,}000~{\frac ((\text{ft)){\cdot }{\text{lbf))}{\text{min))}\times {\frac {12~{\frac {\text{in)){\text{ft)))){2\pi ~{\text{rad))))\approx 63{,}025{\frac ((\text{in)){\cdot }{\text{lbf))}{\text{min))}.}
The following definitions have been or are widely used:[citation needed]
Mechanical horsepower
hp(I) ≡ 33,000 ft·lbf/min
= 550 ft⋅lbf/s
≈ 17,696 lbm⋅ft2/s3
= 745.69987 W
≈ 76.04 kgf⋅m/s
≈ 76.04 kg ⋅ 9.80665 m/s2 ⋅ 1 m/s
Metric horsepower
hp(M) – also PS, KM, cv, hk, pk, ks or ch ≡ 75 kgf⋅m/s
≡ 75 kg ⋅ 9.80665 m/s2 ⋅ 1 m/s
≡ 735.49875 W
≈ 542.476038840742 ft⋅lbf/s
Electrical horsepower
hp(E) ≡ 746 W
Boiler horsepower
hp(S) ≡ 33,475 BTU/h
= 9,812.5 W
Hydraulic horsepower = flow rate (US gal/min) × pressure (lbf/in2) × 7/12,000
= flow rate (US gal/min) × pressure (lbf/in2) / 1714
Air horsepower =flow rate (cubic feet / minute) × pressure (inches water column) / 6,356
In certain situations it is necessary to distinguish between the various definitions of horsepower and thus a suffix is added: hp(I) for mechanical (or imperial) horsepower, hp(M) for metric horsepower, hp(S) for boiler (or steam) horsepower and hp(E) for electrical horsepower.
Assuming the third CGPM (1901, CR 70) definition of standard gravity, gn = 9.80665 m/s2, is used to define the pound-force as well as the kilogram force, and the international avoirdupois pound (1959), one mechanical horsepower is:
1 hp ≡ 33,000 ft·lbf/min by definition
= 550 ft⋅lbf/s since 1 min = 60 s
= 550 × 0.3048 × 0.45359237 m⋅kgf/s since 1 ft ≡ 0.3048 m and 1 lb ≡ 0.45359237 kg
= 76.0402249 kgf⋅m/s
= 76.0402249 × 9.80665 kg⋅m2/s3 since g = 9.80665 m/s2
≈ 745.700 W since 1 W ≡ 1 J/s = 1 N⋅m/s = 1 (kg⋅m/s2)⋅(m/s)
Or given that 1 hp = 550 ft⋅lbf/s, 1 ft = 0.3048 m, 1 lbf ≈ 4.448 N, 1 J = 1 N⋅m, 1 W = 1 J/s: 1 hp ≈ 746 W
Metric horsepower (PS, cv, hk, pk, ks, ch)
One metric horsepower is needed to lift 75 kilograms by 1 metre in 1 second.
The various units used to indicate this definition (PS, KM, cv, hk, pk, ks and ch) all translate to horse power in English. British manufacturers often intermix metric horsepower and mechanical horsepower depending on the origin of the engine in question.
DIN 66036 defines one metric horsepower as the power to raise a mass of 75 kilograms against the Earth's gravitational force over a distance of one metre in one second:[19] 75 kg × 9.80665 m/s2 × 1 m / 1 s = 75 kgf⋅m/s = 1 PS. This is equivalent to 735.49875 W, or 98.6% of an imperial mechanical horsepower. In 1972, the PS was replaced by the kilowatt as the official power-measuring unit in EEC directives.[20][failed verification]
Other names for the metric horsepower are the Italian cavallo vapore (cv), Dutch paardenkracht (pk), the French cheval-vapeur (ch), the Spanish caballo de vapor and Portuguese cavalo-vapor (cv), the Russian лошадиная сила (л. с.), the Swedish hästkraft (hk), the Finnish hevosvoima (hv), the Estonian hobujõud (hj), the Norwegian and Danish hestekraft (hk), the Hungarian lóerő (LE), the Czech koňská síla and Slovak konská sila (k or ks), the Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian konjska snaga (KS), the Bulgarian конска сила, the Macedonian коњска сила (KC), the Polish koń mechaniczny (KM), Slovenian konjska moč (KM), the Ukrainian кінська сила (к. с.), the Romanian cal-putere (CP), and the German Pferdestärke (PS).
In the 19th century, the French had their own unit, which they used instead of the CV or horsepower. It was called the poncelet and was abbreviated p.
Tax horsepower
Main article: Tax horsepower
Tax or fiscal horsepower is a non-linear rating of a motor vehicle for tax purposes.[21] Tax horsepower ratings were originally more or less directly related to the size of the engine; but as of 2000, many countries changed over to systems based on CO2 emissions, so are not directly comparable to older ratings. The Citroën 2CV is named for its French fiscal horsepower rating, "deux chevaux" (2CV).
Nameplates on electrical motors show their power output, not the power input (the power delivered at the shaft, not the power consumed to drive the motor). This power output is ordinarily stated in watts or kilowatts. In the United States, the power output is stated in horsepower, which for this purpose is defined as exactly 746 W.[22]
Hydraulic horsepower
Hydraulic horsepower can represent the power available within hydraulic machinery, power through the down-hole nozzle of a drilling rig,[23] or can be used to estimate the mechanical power needed to generate a known hydraulic flow rate.
It may be calculated as[23]
hydraulic horsepower = pressure × flow rate 1714 , {\displaystyle {\text{hydraulic horsepower))={\frac ((\text{pressure))\times {\text{flow rate))}{1714)),}
where pressure is in psi, and flow rate is in US gallons per minute.
Drilling rigs are powered mechanically by rotating the drill pipe from above. Hydraulic power is still needed though, as between 2 and 7 hp are required to push mud through the drill bit to clear waste rock. Additional hydraulic power may also be used to drive a down-hole mud motor to power directional drilling.[23]
Boiler horsepower is a boiler's capacity to deliver steam to a steam engine and is not the same unit of power as the 550 ft lb/s definition. One boiler horsepower is equal to the thermal energy rate required to evaporate 34.5 pounds (15.6 kg) of fresh water at 212 °F (100 °C) in one hour. In the early days of steam use, the boiler horsepower was roughly comparable to the horsepower of engines fed by the boiler.[24]
The term "boiler horsepower" was originally developed at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in 1876, where the best steam engines of that period were tested. The average steam consumption of those engines (per output horsepower) was determined to be the evaporation of 30 pounds (14 kg) of water per hour, based on feed water at 100 °F (38 °C), and saturated steam generated at 70 psi (480 kPa). This original definition is equivalent to a boiler heat output of 33,485 Btu/h (9.813 kW). A few years later in 1884, the ASME re-defined the boiler horsepower as the thermal output equal to the evaporation of 34.5 pounds per hour of water "from and at" 212 °F. This considerably simplified boiler testing, and provided more accurate comparisons of the boilers at that time. This revised definition is equivalent to a boiler heat output of 33,469 Btu/h (9.809 kW). Present industrial practice is to define "boiler horsepower" as a boiler thermal output equal to 33,475 Btu/h (9.811 kW), which is very close to the original and revised definitions.
Boiler horsepower is still used to measure boiler output in industrial boiler engineering in the US. Boiler horsepower is abbreviated BHP, not to be confused with brake horsepower, below, which is also abbreviated BHP.
Drawbar horsepower
See also: Power at rail
Drawbar horsepower (dbhp) is the power a railway locomotive has available to haul a train or an agricultural tractor to pull an implement. This is a measured figure rather than a calculated one. A special railway car called a dynamometer car coupled behind the locomotive keeps a continuous record of the drawbar pull exerted, and the speed. From these, the power generated can be calculated. To determine the maximum power available, a controllable load is required; it is normally a second locomotive with its brakes applied, in addition to a static load.
If the drawbar force (F) is measured in pounds-force (lbf) and speed (v) is measured in miles per hour (mph), then the drawbar power (P) in horsepower (hp) is
P [ hp ] = F [ lbf ] × v [ mph ] 375 . {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp))]={\frac {F[{\text{lbf))]\times v[{\text{mph))]}{375)).}
Example: How much power is needed to pull a drawbar load of 2,025 pounds-force at 5 miles per hour?
P [ hp ] = 2025 × 5 375 = 27. {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp))]={\frac {2025\times 5}{375))=27.}
The constant 375 is because 1 hp = 375 lbf⋅mph. If other units are used, the constant is different. When using coherent SI units (watts, newtons, and metres per second), no constant is needed, and the formula becomes P = Fv.
This formula may also be used to calculate the horsepower of a jet engine, using the speed of the jet and the thrust required to maintain that speed.
Example: How much power is generated with a thrust of 4,000 pounds at 400 miles per hour?
P [ hp ] = 4000 × 400 375 = 4266.7. {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp))]={\frac {4000\times 400}{375))=4266.7.}
RAC horsepower (taxable horsepower)
See also: Tax horsepower
This measure was instituted by the Royal Automobile Club and was used to denote the power of early 1900s British cars. Many cars took their names from this figure (hence the Austin Seven and Riley Nine), while others had names such as "40/50 hp", which indicated the RAC figure followed by the true measured power.
Taxable horsepower does not reflect developed horsepower; rather, it is a calculated figure based on the engine's bore size, number of cylinders, and a (now archaic) presumption of engine efficiency. As new engines were designed with ever-increasing efficiency, it was no longer a useful measure, but was kept in use by UK regulations which used the rating for tax purposes. The United Kingdom was not the only country which used the RAC rating; many states in Australia used RAC hp to determine taxation.[25][26] The RAC formula was sometimes applied in British colonies as well, such as Kenya (British East Africa).[27]
RAC h.p. = D × D × n 2.5 {\displaystyle {\text{RAC h.p.))={\frac {D\times D\times n}{2.5))}
D is the diameter (or bore) of the cylinder in inches,
n is the number of cylinders.[28]
Since taxable horsepower was computed based on bore and number of cylinders, not based on actual displacement, it gave rise to engines with "undersquare" dimensions (bore smaller than stroke), which tended to impose an artificially low limit on rotational speed, hampering the potential power output and efficiency of the engine.
The situation persisted for several generations of four- and six-cylinder British engines: for example, Jaguar's 3.4-litre XK engine of the 1950s had six cylinders with a bore of 83 mm (3.27 in) and a stroke of 106 mm (4.17 in),[29] where most American automakers had long since moved to oversquare (large bore, short stroke) V8 engines (see, for example, the early Chrysler Hemi).
The power of an engine may be measured or estimated at several points in the transmission of the power from its generation to its application. A number of names are used for the power developed at various stages in this process, but none is a clear indicator of either the measurement system or definition used.
Nominal horsepower is derived from the size of the engine and the piston speed and is only accurate at a steam pressure of 48 kPa (7 psi).[30]
Indicated or gross horsepower (theoretical capability of the engine) [PLAN/ 33000]
minus frictional losses within the engine (bearing drag, rod and crankshaft windage losses, oil film drag, etc.), equals
Brake / net / crankshaft horsepower (power delivered directly to and measured at the engine's crankshaft)
minus frictional losses in the transmission (bearings, gears, oil drag, windage, etc.), equals
Shaft horsepower (power delivered to and measured at the output shaft of the transmission, when present in the system)
minus frictional losses in the universal joint/s, differential, wheel bearings, tire and chain, (if present), equals
Effective, true (thp) or commonly referred to as wheel horsepower (whp)
All the above assumes that no power inflation factors have been applied to any of the readings.
Engine designers use expressions other than horsepower to denote objective targets or performance, such as brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). This is a coefficient of theoretical brake horsepower and cylinder pressures during combustion.
Nominal horsepower
Nominal horsepower (nhp) is an early 19th-century rule of thumb used to estimate the power of steam engines.[30] It assumed a steam pressure of 7 psi (48 kPa).[31]
Nominal horsepower = 7 × area of piston in square inches × equivalent piston speed in feet per minute/33,000.
For paddle ships, the Admiralty rule was that the piston speed in feet per minute was taken as 129.7 × (stroke)1/3.38.[30][31] For screw steamers, the intended piston speed was used.[31]
The stroke (or length of stroke) was the distance moved by the piston measured in feet.
For the nominal horsepower to equal the actual power it would be necessary for the mean steam pressure in the cylinder during the stroke to be 7 psi (48 kPa) and for the piston speed to be that generated by the assumed relationship for paddle ships.[30]
The French Navy used the same definition of nominal horse power as the Royal Navy.[30]
Comparison of nominal and indicated horse power
Indicated horse power (ihp)
Nominal horse power (nhp)
Ratio of ihp to nhp
Dee 272 200 1.36 [30]
Locust 157 100 1.57 [30]
Rhadamanthus 400 220 1.82 [30]
Albacore 109 60 1.82 [31]
Porcupine 285 132 2.16 [30]
Harpy 520 200 2.60 [30]
Spitfire 380 140 2.70 [30]
Spiteful 796 280 2.85 [31]
Jackal 455 150 3.03 [30]
Supply 265 80 3.31 [31]
Simoom 1,576 400 3.94 [31]
Hector 3,256 800 4.07 [31]
Agincourt 6,867 1,350 5.08 [31]
Bellerophon 6,521 1,000 6.52 [31]
Monarch 7,842 1,100 7.13 [31]
Penelope 4,703 600 7.84 [31]
Indicated horsepower
Indicated horsepower (ihp) is the theoretical power of a reciprocating engine if it is completely frictionless in converting the expanding gas energy (piston pressure × displacement) in the cylinders. It is calculated from the pressures developed in the cylinders, measured by a device called an engine indicator – hence indicated horsepower. As the piston advances throughout its stroke, the pressure against the piston generally decreases, and the indicator device usually generates a graph of pressure vs stroke within the working cylinder. From this graph the amount of work performed during the piston stroke may be calculated.
Indicated horsepower was a better measure of engine power than nominal horsepower (nhp) because it took account of steam pressure. But unlike later measures such as shaft horsepower (shp) and brake horsepower (bhp), it did not take into account power losses due to the machinery internal frictional losses, such as a piston sliding within the cylinder, plus bearing friction, transmission and gear box friction, etc.
Brake horsepower
Brake horsepower (bhp) is the power measured using a brake type (load) dynamometer at a specified location, such as the crankshaft, output shaft of the transmission, rear axle or rear wheels.[citation needed]
In Europe, the DIN 70020 standard tests the engine fitted with all ancillaries and exhaust system as used in the car. The older American standard (SAE gross horsepower, referred to as bhp) used an engine without alternator, water pump, and other auxiliary components such as power steering pump, muffled exhaust system, etc., so the figures were higher than the European figures for the same engine. The newer American standard (referred to as SAE net horsepower) tests an engine with all the auxiliary components (see "Engine power test standards" below).
Brake refers to the device which is used to provide an equal braking force / load to balance / equal an engine's output force and hold it at a desired rotational speed. During testing, the output torque and rotational speed are measured to determine the brake horsepower. Horsepower was originally measured and calculated by use of the "indicator diagram" (a James Watt invention of the late 18th century), and later by means of a Prony brake connected to the engine's output shaft. Modern dynamometers use any of several braking methods to measure the engine's brake horsepower, the actual output of the engine itself, before losses to the drivetrain.
Shaft horsepower
Shaft horsepower (shp) is the power delivered to a propeller shaft, a turbine shaft, or to an output shaft of an automotive transmission.[32] Shaft horsepower is a common rating for turboshaft and turboprop engines, industrial turbines, and some marine applications.
Equivalent shaft horsepower (eshp) is sometimes used to rate turboprop engines. It includes the equivalent power derived from residual jet thrust from the turbine exhaust.[33] 2.5 pounds-force (11 N) of residual jet thrust is estimated to be produced from one unit of horsepower.[34]
Engine power test standards
There exist a number of different standard determining how the power and torque of an automobile engine is measured and corrected. Correction factors are used to adjust power and torque measurements to standard atmospheric conditions, to provide a more accurate comparison between engines as they are affected by the pressure, humidity, and temperature of ambient air.[35] Some standards are described below.
Society of Automotive Engineers/SAE International
Early "SAE horsepower" (see RAC horsepower for the formula)
In the early twentieth century, a so-called "SAE horsepower" was sometimes quoted for U.S. automobiles. This long predates the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) horsepower measurement standards and was another name for the industry standard ALAM or NACC horsepower figure and the same as the British RAC horsepower also used for tax purposes. Alliance for Automotive Innovation is the current successor of ALAM and NACC.
SAE gross power
Prior to the 1972 model year, American automakers rated and advertised their engines in brake horsepower, bhp, which was a version of brake horsepower called SAE gross horsepower because it was measured according to Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards (J245 and J1995) that call for a stock test engine without accessories (such as dynamo/alternator, radiator fan, water pump),[36] and sometimes fitted with long tube test headers in lieu of the OEM exhaust manifolds. This contrasts with both SAE net power and DIN 70020 standards, which account for engine accessories (but not transmission losses). The atmospheric correction standards for barometric pressure, humidity and temperature for SAE gross power testing were relatively idealistic.
SAE net power
In the United States, the term bhp fell into disuse in 1971–1972, as automakers began to quote power in terms of SAE net horsepower in accord with SAE standard J1349. Like SAE gross and other brake horsepower protocols, SAE net hp is measured at the engine's crankshaft, and so does not account for transmission losses. However, similar to the DIN 70020 standard, SAE net power testing protocol calls for standard production-type belt-driven accessories, air cleaner, emission controls, exhaust system, and other power-consuming accessories. This produces ratings in closer alignment with the power produced by the engine as it is actually configured and sold.
SAE certified power
In 2005, the SAE introduced "SAE Certified Power" with SAE J2723.[37] To attain certification the test must follow the SAE standard in question, take place in an ISO 9000/9002 certified facility and be witnessed by an SAE approved third party.
A few manufacturers such as Honda and Toyota switched to the new ratings immediately.[38] The rating for Toyota's Camry 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 fell from 210 to 190 hp (160 to 140 kW).[38] The company's Lexus ES 330 and Camry SE V6 (3.3 L V6) were previously rated at 225 hp (168 kW) but the ES 330 dropped to 218 hp (163 kW) while the Camry declined to 210 hp (160 kW). The first engine certified under the new program was the 7.0 L LS7 used in the 2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06. Certified power rose slightly from 500 to 505 hp (373 to 377 kW).
While Toyota and Honda are retesting their entire vehicle lineups, other automakers generally are retesting only those with updated powertrains.[38] For example, the 2006 Ford Five Hundred is rated at 203 horsepower (151 kW), the same as that of 2005 model. However, the 2006 rating does not reflect the new SAE testing procedure, as Ford is not going to incur the extra expense of retesting its existing engines.[38] Over time, most automakers are expected to comply with the new guidelines.
SAE tightened its horsepower rules to eliminate the opportunity for engine manufacturers to manipulate factors affecting performance such as how much oil was in the crankcase, engine control system calibration, and whether an engine was tested with high octane fuel. In some cases, such can add up to a change in horsepower ratings.
Deutsches Institut für Normung 70020 (DIN 70020)
DIN 70020 is a German DIN standard for measuring road vehicle horsepower. DIN hp is measured at the engine's output shaft as a form of metric horsepower rather than mechanical horsepower. Similar to SAE net power rating, and unlike SAE gross power, DIN testing measures the engine as installed in the vehicle, with cooling system, charging system and stock exhaust system all connected. DIN hp is often abbreviated as "PS", derived from the German word Pferdestärke (literally, "horsepower").
A test standard by Italian CUNA (Commissione Tecnica per l'Unificazione nell'Automobile, Technical Commission for Automobile Unification), a federated entity of standards organisation UNI, was formerly used in Italy. CUNA prescribed that the engine be tested with all accessories necessary to its running fitted (such as the water pump), while all others – such as alternator/dynamo, radiator fan, and exhaust manifold – could be omitted.[36] All calibration and accessories had to be as on production engines.[36]
Economic Commission for Europe R24
ECE R24 is a UN standard for the approval of compression ignition engine emissions, installation and measurement of engine power.[39] It is similar to DIN 70020 standard, but with different requirements for connecting an engine's fan during testing causing it to absorb less power from the engine.[40]
ECE R85 is a UN standard for the approval of internal combustion engines with regard to the measurement of the net power.[41]
80/1269/EEC
80/1269/EEC of 16 December 1980 is a European Union standard for road vehicle engine power.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) publishes several standards for measuring engine horsepower.
ISO 14396 specifies the additional and method requirement for determining the power of reciprocating internal combustion engines when presented for an ISO 8178 exhaust emission test. It applies to reciprocating internal combustion engines for land, rail and marine use excluding engines of motor vehicles primarily designed for road use.[42]
ISO 1585 is an engine net power test code intended for road vehicles.[43]
ISO 2534 is an engine gross power test code intended for road vehicles.[44]
ISO 4164 is an engine net power test code intended for mopeds.[45]
ISO 4106 is an engine net power test code intended for motorcycles.[46]
ISO 9249 is an engine net power test code intended for earth moving machines.[47]
Japanese Industrial Standard D 1001
JIS D 1001 is a Japanese net, and gross, engine power test code for automobiles or trucks having a spark ignition, diesel engine, or fuel injection engine.[48]
Brake specific fuel consumption – how much fuel an engine consumes per unit energy output
Dynamometer engine testing
European units of measurement directives
Horsepower-hour
Mean effective pressure
^ "Horsepower", Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
^ "International System of Units" (SI), Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
^ "Directive 2009/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009", Official Journal of the European Union. Retrieved 2013-02-15.
^ "The miner's friend". Rochester history department website. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
^ "Math Words — horsepower". pballew.net. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
^ Hart-Davis, Adam, Engineers, pub Dorling Kindersley, 2012, p121.
^ Tully, Jim (September 2002). "Philadelphia Chapter Newsletter". American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Archived from the original on 2007-08-13. Retrieved 2007-08-11. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Coon, Brett A. Handley, David M. Marshall, Craig (2012). Principles of engineering. Clifton Park, N.Y.: Delmar Cengage Learning. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-435-42836-2.
^ Marshall, Brian (April 2000). "How Horsepower Works". Retrieved 27 June 2012.
^ Kirby, Richard Shelton (August 1, 1990). "Engineering in History". Dover Publications: 171.
^ a b Kirby, Richard Shelton (August 1, 1990). Engineering in History. Dover Publications. p. 171. ISBN 0-486-26412-2. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
^ Popular Mechanics. September 1912, page 394.
^ a b Stevenson, R. D.; Wassersug, R. J. (1993). "Horsepower from a horse". Nature. 364 (6434): 195. Bibcode:1993Natur.364..195S. doi:10.1038/364195a0. PMID 8321316. S2CID 23314938.
^ Collins, E. V.; Caine, A. B. (1926). "Testing Draft Horses". Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin. 240: 193–223. Archived from the original on 2020-06-07. Retrieved 2021-09-06.
^ Eugene A. Avallone et. al, (ed), Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers 11th Edition , Mc-Graw Hill, New York 2007, ISBN 0-07-142867-4, page 9-4.
^ Ebert, T. R. (Dec 2006). "Power output during a professional men's road-cycling tour". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 1 (4): 324–325. doi:10.1123/ijspp.1.4.324. PMID 19124890. S2CID 13301088.
^ "Scientists model "extraordinary" performance of Bolt". Institute of Physics. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
^ Terrell Croft, Wilford Summers, American Electrician's Handbook Eleventh Edition, McGraw Hill, 1987,ISBN 0-07-013932-6, page 7-175
^ "Die gesetzlichen Einheiten in Deutschland" [List of units of measure in Germany] (PDF) (in German). Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). p. 6. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
^ "Council Directive 71/354/EEC: On the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement". The Council of the European Communities. 18 October 1971. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
^ "Measurements, Units of Measurement, Weights and Measures". numericana.com. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ H. Wayne Beatty, Handbook of Electric Power Calculations Third Edition, McGraw Hill 2001, ISBN 0-07-136298-3, page 6-14
^ a b c "Hydraulic Horsepower". Oilfield Glossary. Schlumberger.
^ McCain Johnston, Robert (1992), Elements of Applied Thermodynamics, Naval Institute Press, p. 503, ISBN 1557502269
^ Carver, S.R. (1958), Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia, 44, Canberra: Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, p. 409
^ Haynes, C.E. (1923), "Motor-Vehicle Taxation and Regulations in Foreign Countries", The Balance of International Payments of the United States in 1922-, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Trade Information Bulletin no. 463, pp. 39–42
^ Haynes, p. 43
^ Hodgson, Richard. "The RAC HP (horsepower) Rating - Was there any technical basis?". wolfhound.org.uk. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
^ Mooney, Dan. "The XK engine by Roger Bywater". Classicjaguar.com. Archived from the original on 2010-02-23. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Brown, David K (1990), Before the ironclad, Conway, p. 188, ISBN 0851775322
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l White, William Henry (1882), A Manual of Naval Architecture (2 ed.), John Murray, p. 520
^ Oxford Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-12-06. Dictionary.com Unabridged, Random House Inc. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ "equivalent shaft horsepower". aviation_dictionary.enacademic.com.
^ Department of the Air Force (November 30, 1961). Aircraft performance: Reciprocating and turboprop engine aircraft. p. 7–36.
^ Heywood, J.B. "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals", ISBN 0-07-100499-8, page 54
^ a b c Lucchesi, Domenico (2004). Corso di tecnica automobilistica, vol. 1o—Il motore (in Italian) (6th ed.). Ulrico Hoepli Editore S.p.A. p. 550. ISBN 88-203-1493-2.
^ "Certified Power - SAE J1349 Certified Power SAE International". Sae.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ a b c d Jeff Plungis, Asians Oversell Horsepower, Detroit News
^ "Text of the 1958 Agreement, ECE Regulation 24, Revision 2, Annex 10" (PDF). www.unece.org.
^ Breen, Jim (2003-03-22). "Farmers Journal: Tractor and machine comparison: what's the 'true' measure - 22 March 2003". Farmersjournal.ie. Archived from the original on 2003-04-06.
^ "ECE Regulation 85" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ "ISO 14396:2002 - Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Determination and method for the measurement of engine power - Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests in accordance with ISO 8178". Iso.org. 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ "ISO 1585:1992 - Road vehicles - Engine test code - Net power". Iso.org. 1999-11-15. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ "ISO 2534:1998 - Road vehicles - Engine test code - Gross power". Iso.org. 2009-03-31. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ "ISO 4164:1978 - Road vehicles - Mopeds - Engine test code - Net power". Iso.org. 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ "ISO 4106:2004 - Motorcycles - Engine test code - Net power". Iso.org. 2009-06-26. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ "ISO 9249:2007 - Earth-moving machinery - Engine test code - Net power". Iso.org. 2011-03-17. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
^ "JSA Web Store - JIS D 1001:1993 Road vehicles - Engine power test code". Webstore.jsa.or.jp. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
How Stuff Works: Horsepower
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Horse-power".
Imperial units
Avoirdupois system
British thermal unit
Bushel
Chaldron
Cubic inch
Cubic mile
Cubic yard
Dram (unit)
English Engineering units
English units
Fluid ounce
Foot-candle
Foot-pound
Foot–pound–second system (FPS)
Foot-poundal
Gunter's chain
Hand (unit)
Hogshead
Hoppus
Hundredweight
Miles per hour
Pound (mass)
Pound (force)
Pound-foot
Poundal
Pounds per square inch
Ship load
Spinning count
Square inch
Square yard
Tablespoon
Thousandth of an inch
Tmcft
Long ton
Trade gallon
Twenty-foot equivalent unit
United States customary units
Acre-foot
American wire gauge
Barrel (unit)
Board foot
Body jewelry sizes
Bolt (cloth)
Chain (unit)
Cord (unit)
Cup (unit)
Degree (angle)
Face cord
Foot (unit)
Foot-lambert
Foot-pound (energy)
Gill (unit)
Grain (unit)
Inch of mercury
Ksi (unit)
Link (unit)
Minim (unit)
Perm (unit)
Pound-foot (torque)
Rod (unit)
Statute mile
Ton of refrigeration
Short ton
Units of power
Customary units of measurement in the United States


Welcome to our new blog series for Limited Licence holders. Each issue, we'll focus on a particular issue that accountants are grappling with in an attempt to make licensing work.
The focus for this blog is dreaded compliance. I'm sure the mere mention of the word has already put several of you to sleep. However, having now helped many accountants implement the compliance requirements for Limited Licensing, I've realised that the majority of the requirements are just good business.


The Hideaway, located at 5002 5th Avenue in Holmes Beach is a gulf front home which will take you back in time when living was easy. This wonderful home was built in the 1940's and still has the same charm and ambience of days gone by. Magnolia wood walls and ceilings throughout the home give the feel of an old time beach cottage. The spacious enclosed porch on the beachside is surrounded by windows and offers a panoramic view of the beach.


text:
Walmart gunman: "It was foolish, I didn't give it thought"
by: Sarah Forhetz
Posted: Aug 14, 2019 / 05:03 PM EDT / Updated: Aug 14, 2019 / 05:03 PM EDT
SPRINGFIELD, Mo. (KYTV) – A Missouri man charged with making a terroristic threat after carrying a loaded assault rifle into a Springfield Walmart now says he regrets his actions.
Dmitriy Andreychenko, 20, set off panic among shoppers.
He left the store after a fire alarm was pulled, and was then held at gunpoint by another customer until police arrived.
Andreychenko says he now sees his decision was poor timing, given the other two mass shootings in recent days, but otherwise does not regret what he did.
"It was foolish, I didn't give it thought. It was so innocent that I didn't think this would happen," he says.
He claims he even talked to a Walmart manager before he showed up in the parking lot.
"I called Walmart to make sure that this was allowed, and they said it was," Andreychenko says.
He says shoppers didn't seem shocked, and says no one was screaming or running until after the fire alarm was pulled by a store employee.
Read more: http://bit.ly/2OS8I61
by DANICA COTO Associated Press / Jan 19, 2020
HONOLULU (AP) — Two police officers were killed in a shooting Sunday in the normally peaceful Honolulu, Hawaii's governor said in a statement.
The Honolulu Star-Advertiser reports that officers were responding to an assault call near the base of Diamond Head when they encountered a male with a firearm, who then opened fire, striking two officers.
ARNOLD, Mo. (AP) — A couple who had been together for nearly 65 years have died on the same day at a St. Louis-area nursing home.
Jack and Harriet Morrison's beds were placed next to each other in their final hours, allowing them to hold hands, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported.
One person dead in Hampton shooting on Goldsboro Drive
Portsmouth / 9 hours ago
Virginia Beach middle school teacher removed from class over 'disturbing video'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tomorrow, ESPN Classic will air a two- hour documentary titled "History of the MLS Cup." (Of course you've been following my Seattle Times daily capsules, right?) The documentary will air at 6:00 p.m. ET and will take viewers onto the field for the best action from the first 13 MLS Cup matches, including never-before-seen footage and exclusive interviews with players and coaches. Copies of the DVD are available at www.mlsgear.com.
For the first time since the league's inception, Major League Soccer will be featured in a prize package for a major television game show. Hosted by Seattle Sounders FC investor owner Drew Carey, The Price Is Right airs daily on CBS at 11:00 am to an average of 4.5 million viewers. The episode will air today (Friday) and will feature an MLS Cup Prize Package that includes a trip to MLS Cup 2009 in Seattle. Airfare, hotel stay and merchandise are included.


Master Bond EP3UF-1 is a new single component epoxy that is not premixed and frozen. Due to its low viscosity of 5,000-15,000 cps, this heat curable thixotropic compound is ideal for underfill and many bonding applications. EP3UF-1 delivers high bond strength and dimensional stability with a compressive strength of 18,000-20,000 psi and a tensile modulus of 450,000-500,000 psi.
EP3UF-1 has a thermal conductivity of 9-10 BTU•in/ft2•hr•°F [1.30-1.44 W/(m•K)], making it an effective thermal interface material. It contains a special filler with a small particle size. This allows it to be applied in bond lines as thin as 10-15 microns imparting a low thermal resistance of 5-7 x 10-6 K•m2/W. It offers superior electrical insulation with a low dielectric constant of 4.5 at 60 Hz as well as a high dielectric strength of 450 volts/mil (for 1/8" thick test specimen), both measured at 75°F.
As a single component system, EP3UF-1 is more convenient to handle, apply and store than typical two component adhesive systems. It has an unlimited working life at room temperature and cures in 20-30 minutes at 250°F, or in 10-15 minutes at 300°F. EP3UF-1 is available for use in 10 cc syringes and 30 cc syringes, which are compatible with automated dispensing systems.


We specialize in a variety of services. Our aim is to deliver services based on your recent browsing behavior. With our service, you should receive personalized help that is more relevant for you than the standard one you would receive without us. Click here for more information on our services.
If you do not want to receive ads displayed by us, on your current browser and browsers we have linked to your technical identifier you can disable the display of our ads here.If you only want to opt out from your current browser uncheck the opt-out box.You can also opt-out of all matched browsers and know more about user choices.
Our company is an early adopter to initiatives of greater transparency and control for users. Read more about transparency and control.
We collect information via technical cookies placed on your browser. Read more about our technology.
The security of your information is fundamental to us. We have implemented industry-standard security measures, which include the use of firewalls and encryption. Read more about data security and retention.


text:
400 MW first stage of New England Solar Farm reaches financial close
By solarinsider On Feb 12, 2021
Debt financing services from Bank of China, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, and Westpac, have brought the first 400 MW stage of the New England Solar Farm to financial close, a massive milestone for massive hybrid project.
February 12, 2021 Blake Matich[1]
The first 400 MW stage of the New England Solar Farm near Uralla in New South Wales (NSW) has reached financial close thanks to debt financing from Bank of China, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, and Westpac. [2]
Joint venture UPC/AC Renewables Australia (UPC Renewables and AC Energy) said in a statement that construction on the first stage of the project got underway at the end of 2020, with lead contractor, Spanish infrastructure development group Elecnor, having already commenced early works through its subsidiary Green Light Contractors, including substation and road design. [3]
The New England Solar Farm will eventually become a 720 MW Solar installation combined with a 400 MWhr battery energy storage system on site. It is hoped this first stage of the enormous project will be connected to the National Energy Market (NEM) and producing clean solar energy by July 2022, with a tentative date near the end of 2023 for the entire project to be operational.
Of the 400 MWh lithium-ion battery storage facility planned for the site, UPC/AC Renewables plans for the first 50 MWh, which is supported by the NSW Government's $75 million Emerging Energy Program, to be operational by mid-2022 along with the first stage of solar installation. [4]
The largest hybrid solar and battery project in Australia, the New England Solar Farm's two solar fields sit within the area of the recently announced New England Renewable Energy Zone (REZ), but the project was planned and had connection to transmission approved by TransGrid before the 8 GW REZ (the second to be set on a path to development by the NSW Government) was announced in July 2020. [5]
"It's exciting to achieve financial close on a merchant basis for such a large project, which is the first of many such projects we have in Australia," said UPC/AC Renewables Australia CEO Anton Rohner. "UPC/AC Renewables Australia views this project fitting into the NSW Government RoadMap and look forward to being engaged in this process to help lower electricity prices in NSW."
UPC Renewables Executive Chairman Brian Caffyn added that this is "a very large energy project even for Australia and we are proud to be associated with the New England Solar Farm and the local community and helping to transition NSW towards a clean, lower cost energy future."
In the not too distant future the New England Solar Farm expects to participate in the bidding process of the NSW Electricity Infrastructure RoadMap to secure a long-term energy services agreement.
Once completed, the New England Solar Farm will be capable of producing enough energy to power around 250,000 homes annually, a substantial supply of energy to the market and helping to fill the gap left by the imminent closure of the Liddell Power Station.
^ Posts by Blake Matich (www.pv-magazine-australia.com)
^ New England Solar Farm (www.pv-magazine-australia.com)
^ Spanish infrastructure development group Elecnor (www.pv-magazine-australia.com)
^ Emerging Energy Program (www.pv-magazine-australia.com)
^ 8 GW REZ (www.pv-magazine-australia.com)
AC EnergyElecnorElecnor AustraliaEnergy StorageInstallationsMarketsMarkets&PolicyNew England Renewable Energy Zone
Energy Secretary Nominee Granholm Talks Clean Energy Jobs at Confirmation Hearing
UPC/AC land debt finance for 400MW solar project and big battery in NSW
Sunseap connects 23 MW in Vietnam under FIT regime
50 MW solar farm the centrepiece of Queensland mine proposal
Testing The Jackery Explorer 1000 Solar Power Station To The…
New Australia made solar mounting solution picked up by…
Aldi Australia says it will be 100 per cent renewable by end…
Hydrogen is Big Oil's Last Grand Scam
Solar Power to Benefit Thousands of Public Housing Residents…
Tesla Has Over 580 Patents, Reflecting Its Focus On…
Voices of 100%: Moab Anchors Utah Community Renewable Energy…


I love I'm Feeling Sashy. It is so gorgeous and I have nothing else like it. Love this.
I know right?! It's such a unique shade. There was no way I wasn't adding that one to the collection.
I love how you do the base then what you did then the final look. adds to the drama cuz you got me again this is such a nice color then loved the gradient then super cute with the spider web!
Haha. I loved this look. All 3 of these colors go together so well.


Jet Dc 650ck Vacuums Owners Manual - Jet DC-1100C Manuals & User Guides. User Manuals, Guides and Specifications for your Jet DC-1100C Dust Collector, Vacuum Cleaner. Database contains 3 Jet DC-1100C Manuals (available for free online viewing or downloading in PDF): Supplementary manual, Owner's manual, Operating instructions and parts manual .. maintenance and major repair on your JET® tools. For the name of an Authorized Service Center in your area call For the name of an Authorized Service Center in your area call 1-800-274-6848.. Mar 10, 2015 · Sony's Clever but Flawed PlayStation Copy Protection--And How They Might Have Fixed It - Duration: 14:15. Technology Connections 2,704,012 views.
DUST COLLECTION ™ FEATURING PROFESSIONAL MANUALS JET manuals are professionally written by engineers for ease of use. Model Number DC-1100 DC-1100CK DC-1100M DC-1200VX-BK1 DC-1200VX-CK1 DC-1200VX-BK3 DC-1200VX-CK3 Model Number DC-650 DC-650CK DC650M Equipped with Vortex Cone Technology - - -. Vacuum Accessories / Jet Replacement Filter Bag for DC-650. SKU 708695. In The Box. One (1) Replacement Filter Bag for the DC-650 Dust Collection Kit; Warning: Products may contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.. PDF Book jet dc ts650 vacuums owners manual contains important info and an in depth explanation about PDF Book jet dc ts650 vacuums owners manual, its contents of the package, names of things and what they do, setup, and operation..
Find best value and selection for your JET DC 1200 DUST COLLECTOR search on eBay. World's leading marketplace.. Jet Dust Collector Starting Capacitor CA020010 Great prices, Canister Vacuum Carpet Cleaner Dust Collector Hand Vacuum Upright Vacuum More Vacuum: Central Vacuum DC-650CK. Dust Collector - Dust Collector. Jet. DC-650CRC. Dust Collector - Dust Collection. Jet. DC-650MK.. Looking the best vacuam cleaner for you personal need you came the right place to buy the best dust collector for small shops. 5.JET DC-650CK Dust Collector with 1-Micron Canister Filter Kit. The vacuum bags on this model are really easy to connect and detach from your vacuum, so that you can easily empty it out for the next time that.
Sewing Machine Manuals; Vacuum Cleaner Manuals; Thermostat Manuals; Furnace Manuals; Garage Door Opener Manuals; Jet Tools Dust Collector dc-1883. 0 Solutions. How do you empty the bag. Jet Tools Dust Collector ISP-610dc. Jet Tools Dust Collector Jet Shopline JSL-610dc. 0 Solutions. Operating Manual. Jet Tools Dust Collector DC-1182.. Jet Dust Collector parts that fit, straight from the manufacturer. Use our interactive diagrams, accessories, and expert repair help to fix your Jet Dust Collector Vacuum Parts Brands. Bissell Parts Dirt Devil Parts Electrolux Parts: Eureka Parts Hoover Parts DC-650CK (708642) Jet Dust Collector Parts DC-650CRC (708641RC) Jet Dust. Shop our selection of Dust Collectors & Air Filtration in the Tools Department at The Home Depot. Store Finder; Truck & Tool Rental JET 1.5 HP 1100 CFM 4 or 6 in. Dust Collector with Vortex Cone and 2-Micron Canister Kit, Bosch 9 Gal. Corded Wet/Dry Dust Extractor Vacuum with HEPA Filter and Bonus SDS-Max and SDS-Plus Universal Dust.
Appliance manuals and free pdf instructions. Find the user manual you need for your home appliance products and more at ManualsOnline. Dyson Vacuum Cleaner dc 25 animal. 0 Solutions. I have the little vacuumcleaner. It turns on, but . Dyson Vacuum Cleaner DC43H. 0. Get high-efficiency dust collectors from Grainger to help capture high volumes of dust created by industrial and commercial processes and enhance air quality. JET Item # 42W940 Mfr. Model # 708659K. JET Item # 52HR87 Mfr. Model # DC-650CK. Web Price $625.95 / each. Dust Collector, 2300 cfm, 3 HP, 220V, 18A Brand.


text:
Expansion plans for MOL - Business
Expansion plans for MOL
November 18 - Tokyo-based Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (MOL) has announced plans to expand its group-wide logistics services, by winning more plant project business, enhancing trucking and warehouse operations and expanding business into Southeast Asia.
The MOL Group is taking a more proactive stance in increasing investment, expanding investment businesses, and enhancing services while building upon the advantages of its group companies, it says.
One of these group companies, Utoc Corporation, is a Japanese-based total logistics operator specialising in heavyweight cargo transport, with business focusing on harbour and port transit, logistics and plant transport.
When transporting heavy plant equipment, Utoc can provide directly managed integrated services, encompassing transport from the plant - both on land and by barge, loading on to a vessel, land transport at the unloading port, and assembly and retrofitting of facilities and equipment.
www.mol.co.jp
www.utoc.co.jp
Cargolux calls at Incheon
July 17 - Cargolux Italia has launched a Boeing 747 service between Milan Malpensa Airport, Italy and Incheon, South Korea.
Nicholson named UKHMA vice president
July 17 - Forth Ports' Ashley Nicholson has been named vice president of the UK Harbour Masters Association (UKHMA).


The annual Hall Of Heavy Metal History's Metal Hall Of Fame gala will take place on Wednesday, January 23, 2019 at Marriott Delta Garden Grove in Anaheim, California. The event will be hosted by iconic television, radio personality and heavy metal champion Eddie Trunk, and will feature appearances by heavy metal greats of today and years past.
Doors open at 6:00 p.m., and a red carpet will take place from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. The induction ceremony will begin at 8:00 p.m. with a performance by Los Angeles heavy rock/metal group BUDDERSIDE.
The event is open to the public. Tickets are available for $30 via www.thehallofheavymetalhistory.org.
Hall Of Heavy Metal History inductees Carmine Appice and Vinny Appice will also take part in a special live performance.
More guest appearances will be announced soon.
Pat Gesualdo, Hall Of Heavy Metal History founder/CEO, says: "We are looking forward to another amazing year at the 2019 Metal Hall Of Fame gala, and following up on last summer's amazing live induction of JUDAS PRIEST and 'The Metal Queen' Doro Pesch in conjunction with our festival partners Wacken Open Air.
"As with last year, several iconic bands, industry executives and artists will be inducted in 2019. We are grateful for all the hard work they've done over the years to keep rock and metal relevant.
The Hall Of Heavy Metal History hosts the annual Metal Hall Of Fame awards gala, in addition to an onstage induction ceremony at Wacken Open Air.
The Hall Of Heavy Metal History is part of the D.A.D. program to help children fight disabilities on a global basis, and is partnered with the Ronnie James Dio Stand Up And Shout Cancer Fund.


text:
Home Metro NJ addiction experts warn NY on dangers of online sports betting
NJ addiction experts warn NY on dangers of online sports betting
Legalizing app-based sports betting comes with a heavy price: an avalanche of gambling addicts, New Jersey treatment experts are warning New York officials.
The number of people calling New Jersey's gambling hot line and reporting a sports-betting problem has more than doubled since the Garden State legalized such wagering in June 2018, according to a new report by the Council on Compulsive Gambling of New Jersey which was obtained by The Post.
The Garden State allows people to wager both in person at casinos and off-site through apps, with the overwhelming majority of gamblers, 84 percent, placing their bets online, statistics show.
But New York has only allowed in-person sports betting — currently at four upstate casinos — while wrestling with whether to expand to apps.
Neva Pryor, executive director of the council, advised against it.
"I think it's better if a person has to physically go somewhere to bet," she said.
With online apps, it's like "having a casino in your back pocket," she added. "It's always available.''
The council's report found that the number of sports-betting calls its helpline received before the 2018 legalization was about 1 to 5 percent of the total, while afterward, that figure doubled to 10.8 percent.
The hotline averages a total of 96 calls a month about any number of addictions, so the sports-gambling ones jumped from as few as one to more than 10, the group said.
Last February, when the Super Bowl was played, that figure soared past 16
Some New York lawmakers and gambling advocates are urging Albany to legalize app-based bets, but the effort stalled earlier this year. Gov. Andrew Cuomo has opposed the move.
But with the state facing an expected $6 billion shortfall next year, political observers have speculated that politicians might be so desperate for revenue that they may reconsider it.
In June, New Jersey surpassed Nevada as the largest state sports bookie, raking in millions of dollars.
The New Jersey council, also headed by Assistant Director Dan Trolaro, spends about $650,000 annually — about a third of its $2 million budget — on radio ads, videos and billboards to publicize its 800-Gambler hotline to let those with gambling disorders know that treatment is available.
But that figure is dwarfed from advertising by gambling interests.
OnlinePokerReport.com estimates that 24 percent of the revenue generated by a gambling operator is spent on advertising.
In New Jersey, that percentage would equate to $79.4 million, according to Pryor and Trolaro.
"Additional funds are desperately needed to heighten awareness of problem and disordered gambling," they said in a release detailing the council's report.
The council does not take a position for or against legalized gambling.
But Pryor and Trolaro said they are specifically troubled by "the availability and accessibility of sports wagering."
Even before sports betting was legalized, a Rutgers University survey found that 6.3 percent of New Jersey residents had a gambling disorder — triple the national average of 2.1 percent.
Previous articleThere's great hate for Donald Trump's success: Goodwin
Next articleWitness describes woman's horrifying death on NYC subway tracks
Teachers at troubled Queens school no fans of embattled principal
Camera fines for 14th Street bus-lane blockers set to begin
Man guns down his mother in Brooklyn housing project, cops say
Social Media Helped Juul Dominate the Vaping Market. Now, Teens Are...
North Carolina Dad Charged With Assault After Tackling Son's Opponent During...
Arizona Mom Arrested After Her 3 Young Children Were Found Dead...
On the Edge of America, 2020 Census Begins in Tiny Alaska...


text:
Storozhenko V. G., Zasadnaya V. A. Structure of Woody Debris of Virgin Spruce Forests of the Northern and Southern Taiga in the European part of Russia
Storozhenko V.G.; Zasadnaya V.A.;
Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences
Sovetskaya str., 21, Uspenskoe Village, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast, 143030 Russian Federation
E-mail: lesoved@mail.ru, zasadnayalesoved@mail.ru
indigenous taiga spruce forests, tree structure, fallen trees, wood-destroying fungi, wood xylolysis
How to cite: Storozhenko V. G., Zasadnaya V. A. Structure of woody debris of virgin spruce forests of the northern and southern taiga in the European part of Russia // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2019. N. 2. P. 64–73 (in Russian with English abstract).
DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20190206
© Storozhenko V. G., Zasadnaya V. A., 2019
Woody decay is a multifunctional consort in the overall cycle of the substance and energy cycle of the forest community, taking an active and multifaceted part in the formation of structures and sustainability of forests. The age structures of forest stands, tree fallout, types of wood-destroying fungi and their infestation of forest stands were studied in indigenous virgin spruce forests of the subzones of the northern and southern taiga of the European Russia. The structures of virgin spruce forests have different dynamic characteristics, but they are always of absolutely uneven age. The affection of trees by fungi of the wood-destroying complex in the age generations of indigenous northern spruce forests increases from the last generations to the first and can reach 50–70 % of the number of trees in the generations. Rotten foots of tree trunks and roots in 80 % of cases are the causes of windfalls and windbreaks that shape the structure of the deadwood which is part of the total mass of the forest tree. In the studied spruce forests, the number of windbreak trunks is 2.6 to 3.8 times higher than windfall trunks. This is associated with a greater spread in the stands of rotten butt and stem parts of living trees than the number of rotten roots. The main types of wood-destroying fungi of the complexes of biotrophs and xylotrophs, which cause the decay of living trees and decompose the trunks of dead trees are determined. Wood decay amount runs to impressive figures from 12.5 to 35.0 %. The number, volume, phytomass of deadwood stems and the mass of СО2, Н2О and Q (energy) released during the decomposition of dead trees at the stages of decomposition in terms of 1 ha area of the analyzed spruce forests are calculated.


Does 'icing' the kicker work?
ATLANTA – Seconds after the Atlanta Falcons finally closed out Seattle in the NFC divisional playoffs, Atlanta kicker Matt Bryant jogged off the field and down the tunnel toward the Falcons' locker room. Under his arm he'd tucked the ball he'd just kicked for the winning score. It's surely destined for a place of honor in his home.
The fate of the ball he kicked right before that, however, is unknown. That ball sailed wide right, but thanks to a timeout called by Seahawks coach Pete Carroll just before the ball was hiked, it had no more impact on the final score than a warm-up kick – which, of course, is exactly what it was.
In the locker room, still wearing the determined scowl that earned him the nickname "Grumpy" from his teammates, Bryant answered variant after variant of the same question: Were you nervous? What were you thinking out there? Did the timeout Carroll called right before your first attempt bother you?
"We've been in this position before," he said. "You focus on what you have to do, and you do it."
Carroll's decision to call timeout, and Bryant's subsequent miss-make, reignited the perpetual debate about "icing" a kicker – a practice that, in theory, halts the flow of the game to try to wedge thoughts of failure into the kicker's head.
"Icing is almost exclusively done for psychological reasons," says Najiv Goldschmeid, a professor of psychology at the University of San Diego. "A [blocked kick] is so rare that coaches can't count on that as a defense."
The reason for icing in the first place lies in the name itself: to cool down a kicker, disrupt his momentum and routine, give him time to think about how the next few seconds are going to shape the course of the rest of his life. It's a reasonable enough idea, but it rests on a flawed assumption: namely, that a kicker in the NFL is subject to the same loss of nerve that would afflict the rest of us.
It's a variant of that old mind game about walking on a sidewalk. We have no problem walking on a sidewalk that's ground level, but you raise that same sidewalk 100 stories in the air, and most of us will freeze up or, at best, start crawling. But a dedicated high-wire artist, who's done this kind of thing for a lifetime, could dance along the edge with no fear.
Kickers have spent their entire football lives preparing for these moments. Their rituals and routines are important, yes, but so too is the ability to screen out the crowd and the immensity of the moment. Those of us on the outside can't understand how the kicker doesn't just drop to a fetal position and quiver right there on the 40-yard-line. But then again, we're mentally vaulting from ground level to 100 stories high. These guys have been climbing all their lives.
"I think when you're at this level, nothing like [icing] should matter," Bryant told the Tampa Tribune a few years back. "If it does, you probably don't belong here."
A pre-kick timeout can obviously have a strategic purpose unrelated to the psychology of the kicker; the coach may want to set a particular formation or prepare his team for a specific scenario. And that's certainly reasonable enough.
But consider this: There's no moment in football where the defense is as powerless to stop the offense as the waning moments of a game while the offense sets up to kick. The seconds tick down as the defense anxiously twitches. NFL head coaches must rank among the world's greatest control freaks; calling a timeout is a way of regaining control, even for just a moment, of an uncontrolled situation.
In practical terms, icing can backfire. In the Falcons' case, Carroll's late timeout gave Bryant the opportunity for a free kick; this, in fact, was what Carroll was protesting.
But here's the question: Does icing actually work? And here's where statistical experts part company.
"Scorecasting," a 2011 book on sports and statistics by Tobias Moskowitz and Jon Wertheim, challenges conventional sports wisdom on a variety of fronts, and icing comes under their microscope. The verdict? Icing has no significant effect on a kicker's success. The authors examined data from 2001 to 2009, and found that there is a statistically insignificant difference between iced and non-iced kickers.
Examining from four slices of time – less than two minutes remaining in the fourth quarter or overtime, less than one minute, less than 30 seconds, and less than 15 seconds – the authors found less than 4 percent difference between iced and non-iced kicks.
On the other hand, academic studies have also demonstrated that icing does have more significant benefits. Statisticians Scott Berry and Craig Wood analyzed kicks in the 2002 and 2003 seasons and adjusted for "pressure" – in other words, kicks in the final three minutes of regulation or overtime that would have tied the game or put the kicking team ahead. Their work, published in the journal Chance, found that kicks from between 40 and 55 yards were, on average, 10 percent less successful when the kicker was iced. (From shorter distances, there was no measurable difference.) The question, as posed in "Scorecasting," is whether their sample size was sufficiently large enough; the difference involves four kicks of a total of 39 attempts.
More recently, Goldschmeid published a study in the journal The Sport Psychologist which analyzed the same question, focusing on kicks from 2002 to 2008. Again using the "pressure kicks" metric, Goldschmeid found that 273 kicks (with a mean distance of 39.71 yards) met that standard. Of that total, 109 involved no time-out, 110 involved the opposing team calling a timeout, and 54 involved the kicking team calling a timeout. In this scenario, the kicker converted on 66.4 percent of the "iced" kicks but 80.4 of the "un-iced" (no timeout, or kicking team calling a timeout) kicks.
That, as it stands, would suggest that icing does indeed have an impact on performance. Goldschmeid further suggests that it is the added preparation time, not the negative thoughts, which causes difficulty to kickers, particularly when a kicker has to wonder if an opposing coach will actually call a timeout or not.
"It's a fascinating question, and there should be more research done," Goldschmeid says. "Twenty years of NFL data would give better evidence." Statisticians of the world, your task lies before you.
Bottom line, though, icing offers opposing coaches something unquantifiable: hope. While the statistical impact may be negligible, and the physical effect detrimental if a kicker gets a practice attempt, the fact remains that there's always the possibility of getting into a kicker's head. And that alone is enough to keep coaches calling for that last-second timeout.
"As long as everyone's doing it, everyone's going to keep on doing it," Moskowitz says. "The coach knows that everyone's expecting him to do something, so he does something."
But Moskowitz does believe there's a way to truly get inside a kicker's head.
"Randomize it," he says. "Deviate from whatever he's expecting. If a coach stood on the sidelines and flipped a coin where the kicker would see it, the kicker wouldn't know what to expect. That's how you do it."
We now expect to see a coach doing theatrical last-second coin flips next season. Our money's on Rex Ryan.


text:
Where do our NEBOSH IGC Students work in Philippines
Most of the students that take the NEBOSH IGC exams come from different industries and different backgrounds. Some of our students based in Philippines work with or for companies such as these
IEO Interior Design & Construction
Unit 202, JGS Building, 30 Scout Tuason corner Scout, Sct. Dr. Lazcano St, Quezon City, 1103 Metro Manila
Alibaton Construction Inc.
3rd floor Edificio Enriqueta bldg., corner, D. Tuazon, Santa Mesa Heights, Lungsod Quezon
Ellcad Premiere Construction Philippines
3J Center- Promenade South, Salawag, Dasmariñas, 4114 Cavite
JGC Philippines Incorporated
Madrigal Business Park Prime Street, Ayala Alabang, Muntinlupa, 1780 Metro Manila
Fluor Daniel, Inc. - Philippines
Polaris Corporate Center, Spectrum Midway Extension, Alabang, Muntinlupa, 1781 Metro Manila
Fujita Philippines Construction and Development Inc
10th Floor High Rise of the Pacific Star Building, Sen Gil Puyat Avenue, Corner Makati Avenue, Makati, 1226 Metro Manila
Sogecoa Philippines International Construction and Trading Company Incorporated
530, 8th Floor, Summit 1 Tower, Shaw Boulevard, Barangay Highway Hills, Mandaluyong, 1552 Metro Manila
RMJE Construction Services Corp.
67 G. Roxas Street, Barangay Manresa Quezon City 1115
EEI Corporation
12 Manggahan St., Bagumbayan, Quezon City 1110, Philippines
SUMITOMO MITSUI CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.
6th Floor, Peninsula Court Building, 8735 Paseo de Roxas cor. Makati Ave., Bel-Air, City of Makati, Philippines 1209
(+632) 8 840-4913 to 8 840-4915
DATEM, Inc.
DATEM Building 99 Mindanao Avenue, Bgy. Bahay Toro Quezon City, Philippines 1106
ESBE Industrial Builders and Contrators Corporation
#108 Iglesia ni Cristo St., Sta. Rosa II, Marilao, Bulacan, 3017 Philippines
Capita Construction & Development Inc
12 Congressional Ave. 5th Floor Northridge Plaza Quezon City, Philippines 1106
MACC Philippines
Don Faustino Corner Don Pedro, Holy Spirit, Quezon City, Philippines 1127
D.M. Consunji, Inc.
DMCI PLAZA BUILDING. 2281 Chino Roces Avenue Extension, 1231 Makati City, Philippines
IECON
Unit 402 Metrostar Building, 1007 Metropolitan Avenue, Makati City
(632) 8 896 26 80
Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation
156 Valero Street, Salcedo Village, Makati City, 1227, Metro Manila
Phoenix LPG Philippines, Inc.
15th to 17th Floors, Udenna Tower,
Rizal Drive cor. 4th Avenue,
Bonifacio Global City, Taguig,
Metro Manila, Philippines 1634
12 Manggahan, Bagumbayan, Lungsod Quezon, 1110 Kalakhang Maynila
San Miguel Corporation
40 San Miguel Ave, Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong, 1554 Metro Manila
Megawide Construction Corporation
10th Floor, Rockwell Santolan Town Plaza, Boni Serrano Ave. San Juan 1500
DDT Konstract, Inc.
Unit 401 4th Floor, Lancaster Hotel
#622 Shaw Boulevard,
Mandaluyong City 1500, Philippines
(632) 571-8668 TO 70
SMCC Philippines Inc.
8735 Paseo de Roxas Cor., Makati Avenue, 6F Peninsula Court Bldg., Makati, 1226 Metro Manila
Metro Stonerich Corporation
Unit 2A, No. 1100 Quezon City, Timog Ave, Quezon City, Metro Manila
2278 DMCI Annex Building, Don Chino Roces Ave. Ext. (former Pasong Tamo Ext.) 1231 Makati, Philippines
Metro Construction, Incorporated
747 Aurora Blvd, Cubao, Quezon City, 1109 Metro Manila
Vinnell-Belvoir Corporation
2322 Chino Roces Ave, Makati, 1231 Metro Manila
SPES Construction Inc.
Suites 1205 & 1206
12th Floor Robinsons Galleria Corporate Center,
EDSA corner Ortigas Avenue, Quezon City,
Crown Asia Chemicals Corporation
Room 508, President Tower, 81 Timog Ave, Diliman, Quezon City, 1100 Metro Manila
63 (2) 8277-0880
Kolin Philippines Int'L. Inc.
1854 Santa Rita St, Makati, Metro Manila
Camel Appliances Manufacturing Corp.
321 Dasmariñas St, Binondo, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila
Team Pacific Corporation
Electronics Avenue, FTI Special Economic Zone,
Taguig City, Philippines 1630
MHE-Demag (P) Inc
Main Avenue, Severina Diamond Industrial Estate KM 16 South Expressway, W Service Rd, Parañaque, 1700 Metro Manila
3M Philippines, Inc.
10th and 11th Floors, The Finance Center 26th Street, corner 9th Ave, Taguig, 1634
Philmetal Products Inc.
Philsteel Tower, 140 Amorsolo Street, Legazpi Village, Makati, 1229 Metro Manila
Allegro MicroSystems Philippines, Inc.
4756 Sampaguita, Marimar Village, Parañaque, 1700 Kalakhang Maynila
Drugmaker's Laboratories, Inc.
G Flr, Rizalina II Bldg., 1675
Quezon Ave., Quezon City
Unilever Foods Philippines (CMC)
98 Alabang Zapote Road, Las Pinas, 1740 Metro Manila
What is NEBOSH?
NEBOSH or the National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health is a UK-based independent examination board delivering vocational qualifications in health, safety & environmental practice and management. NEBOSH was formed in 1979. NEBOSH has a charitable status. NEBOSH offers a wide range of safety qualifications. NEBOSH sets the examination requirements and the learning outcomes. NEBOSH training providers have to design the training to meet NEBOSH standards. NEBOSH has become very popular in the world. There are over 180,000 NEBOSH trained (or rather NEBOSH training providers who have trained them to take the NEBOSH exams) that hold a NEBOSH qualification.
NEBOSH does not deliver NEBOSH courses or any other courses. NEBOSH develops syllabuses for its qualifications and NEBOSH sets methods of assessment. The methods of assessment could be NEBOSH examinations and practical coursework. NEBOSH Courses are delivered by NEBOSH Accredited Course Providers.
Every year over 50,000 candidates are interested in attending NEBOSH qualifications NEBOSH has more than 600 NEBOSH Course Providers based in more than 40 countries around the world. NEBOSH states that in 2014-2015 there were about 180,000 NEBOSH assessments taken in over 132 countries (this would be either in NEBOSH training provider venues of British Council venues). NEBOSH qualifications are recognised by relevant professional membership bodies. Some of those that recognised NEBOSH qualifications include Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH), the International Institute of Risk & Safety Management (IIRSM) and the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA).
In 1974 the Health and Safety at Work Act laid down general principles for the management of health and safety at work in Britain. As a result, the role of health and safety officer and health and safety manager became more widespread in British workplaces. To meet this need for the provision of vocational qualifications in the area of occupational safety and health, NEBOSH National Examination Board of Occupational Safety Health was established in September 1979. NEBOSH started operating in Leicester. NEBOSH still operates from Leicester. Then NEBOSH Board set out its primary objective: "To improve the quality & quantity of people with vocational qualifications in Occupational Safety and Health"
The first NEBOSH Associate level and Member level examinations took place in June 1980. Candidates sat five NEBOSH papers; Law; Behavioural Science; Techniques of Safety Management; Occupational Health & Hygiene and General Science. Recognition of NEBOSH qualifications began to grow. In June 1982, 140 people registered for their NEBOSH Ordinary level certificate and 84 for the Higher level certificate. By 1986, NEBOSH had increased the number of annual examination sessions from two to three. In February 1987 NEBOSH introduced a new NEBOSH qualification structure, which included a NEBOSH Certificate and a NEBOSH Diploma. In 1988 the NEBOSH Diploma level qualification was changed to feature four 3 hour exams and completion of a case study.
In the 1990s, NEBOSH began to formally separate itself from IOSH. In March 1992, NEBOSH incorporated as a limited company with Companies House. In April 1992, NEBOSH registered as a charity with the Charity Commission. In 1992 the NEBOSH Specialist Environmental Diploma was launched, followed shortly by the NEBOSH Construction Certificate.
In 2000 the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) - now The Office of the Qualifications and Examinations Regulator (Ofqual) accredited NEBOSH as an awarding body. NEBOSH launched two new qualifications, the NEBOSH Fire Certificate and NEBOSH International General Certificate. The NEBOSH Specialist Environmental Diploma was revised and renamed the NEBOSH Diploma in Environmental Management in September 2008. In 2010, four more NEBOSH qualifications were launched - the NEBOSH Award in Health and Safety at Work, the NEBOSH Health and Well-being Certificate, the NEBOSH International Construction Certificate and the NEBOSH International Technical Certificate in Oil and Gas Operational Safety.
In 2011 NEBOSH as well as other UK and international professional bodies developed the scheme for the Occupational Safety & Health Consultants Register (OSHCR), a scheme which provides a centrally held register of qualified health and safety consultants for businesses and employers to easily find and hire for their own places of work.
In 2014, NEBOSH a research based master's degree jointly with the University of Hull, with the first degrees awarded in 2015. In 2014, NEBOSH began working with the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to offer a postgraduate level qualification to new HSE Inspectors responsible for enforcement of safety law in the UK.
Some of the NEBOSH Endorsed Curriculum/Textbooks are
For the National General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety - Introduction to Health and Safety at Work ISBN 9780415723084
For the National Certificate in Construction Health and Safety - Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction ISBN 9780415824361
For the NEBOSH International Technical Certificate in Oil and Gas Operational Safety - A Guide to the International Technical Certificate in Oil and Gas Operational Safety
For the International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety - International Health and Safety at Work ISBN 9781138831308
For the International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety - A Guide to International Health and Safety at Work ISBN 978-1-906674-47-2
For the Health and Safety at Work Qualification - NEBOSH Award in Health and Safety at Work in Arabic
For the Certificate in Environmental Management - Introduction to Environmental Management ISBN 9780415534413[8]
Some of the NEBOSH Qualifications are as follows
There are three categories of NEBOSH qualification – NEBOSH Award, NEBOSH Certificate and NEBOSH Diploma.
A NEBOSH Award provides awareness and a perfect introduction to other NEBOSH qualifications.
NEBOSH Certificate level qualifications are an excellent foundation for managers, supervisors and people at the start of a career in health and safety.
NEBOSH Diploma level qualifications demonstrate professional knowledge of the subject covered.
"Masters Degrees" offered in partnership with the University of Hull demonstrate higher order learning
NEBOSH Awards
NEBOSH Health and Safety at Work Qualification
NEBOSH Environmental Awareness at Work Qualification
NEBOSH Health, Safety and Environment in the Process Industries Qualification
NEBOSH National General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH National Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH National Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management
NEBOSH National Certificate in the Management of Health and Well-being at Work
NEBOSH Certificate in Environmental Management
NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management
NEBOSH International Technical Certificate in Oil and Gas Operational Safety
NEBOSH Diplomas
NEBOSH National Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH National Diploma in Environmental Management
Masters of Research (MRes) degrees
NEBOSH offers three separate Master of Research (MRes) degrees in partnership with the University of Hull:
MRes in Occupational Health, Safety and Environmental Management
MRes in Occupational Health and Safety Management
MRes in Environmental Management
Masters of Science (MSc) degrees
NEBOSH offers three separate Master of Science (MSc) degrees in partnership with the University of Hull:
MSc in Occupational Health, Safety and Environmental Management
MSc in Occupational Health and Safety Management
MSc in Environmental Management
NEBOSH Accredited Course Providers
There are more than 600 organisations worldwide delivering NEBOSH courses which lead to NEBOSH qualifications.
NEBOSH Course Providers must be accredited by NEBOSH. NEBOSH Accreditation is required for each separate NEBOSH qualification. The NEBOSH accreditation process ensures NEBOSH Course Providers have procedures and resources in place to deliver training programmes of a standard required by NEBOSH and to maintain the integrity of the NEBOSH assessment process.
Accredited NEBOSH Course Providers not only deliver NEBOSH courses, but organise NEBOSH exam sittings for NEBOSH candidates. NEBOSH Accredited Course Providers include educational establishments, commercial training and consultancy providers and large employers.
NEBOSH is now recognised for its qualifications, which have been taken in more than 132 countries, throughout the world. It has developed five International NEBOSH qualifications - NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety, NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety, NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management,NEBOSH International Technical Certificate in Oil and Gas Operational Safety, NEBOSH International Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety.
There are 219 NEBOSH Accredited Course Providers permanently based outside of the UK in 45 countries around the world. In 2014, the NEBOSH International Certificate was made available in Spanish. In India NEBOSH courses are offered through classroom sessions as well as distance mode by Safety training institutes. In 2014/15 overseas registrations increased to 114,536, up by 6,047.
So now you know the history of NEBOSH and NEBOSH Qualifications, what are the training qualifications that you need?
Upgrade Your Skills – providing you with a learning experience
Training is the key to a safe working environment and we believe the importance of lifelong learning. We provide quality training that provides you a learning experience.
Please note all courses are provisional until formal confirmation and course joining details are sent.
Upon successful completion of the NEBOSH IGC certificate, delegates will receive a NEBOSH certificate and they can apply for a membership with Institution of Occupational Safety & Health (IOSH) and/or International Institute of Risk and Safety Management (IIRSM) as its qualification meets the academic requirements for Technician Membership (Tech IOSH) of IOSH and Associate Membership (AIIRSM) of the IIRSM.
The candidates who complete the NEBOSH course can apply for jobs that require NEBOSH qualifications and in some countries NEBOSH qualified candidates can register to be safety officers or use the NEBOSH IGC qualifications to register for other courses.
Will stocks retest 2020 low?
The stock market fell sharply last week as the number of daily new covid-19 cases jumped to more than 5,000. The market reacted negatively as the sharp rise in infections will lead to the tightening of restriction and negatively affect consumer confidence, hurting the Philippines' economic outlook. However, the latest surge might be due to several factors including the presence of new variants, which are said to be more transmissible and the relaxation of some quarantine restrictions.
Coupled with the steep rise of inflation, the Philippine stock market has decoupled from the rest of Asia and is now the region's worst performing market in 2021. As of last Friday, the Philippine Stock Exchange index (PSEi) was down by 9.85 percent for the year-to-date period, while the MSCI AC Asia Pacific index was higher by 4.3 percent.
Although the local stock market could stay depressed in the near term as the number of infections stay elevated, I do not think we will see the PSEi retesting the 2020 low of 4,600 or going below 5,000 for the following reasons:
Small likelihood of government reimposing ECQ. Despite the record number of daily new cases, the government is not expected to reimpose an enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) which is the strictest form of lockdown, given the negative economic implications. These include a steep rise in unemployment, more companies facing bankruptcy and a higher budget deficit for the government. There are also other less economically damaging ways to control the spread of the virus such as making sure Filipinos practice minimum health standards (mask wearing, social distancing, frequent hand washing), early diagnosis through testing and contact tracing, enforcing localized lockdowns, and accelerating the vaccination process. In fact, during the past week, the government already said it had no plans to reimpose an ECQ even with the record number of infections.
If you are interested in taking the NEBOSH IGC course and the NEBOSH IGC exams while you are in Philippines, you can still do it while in Philippines. (Whether in Manila, Cebu, Makati, Davao City- any where in Philippines)
Contact us for more information at our email address- iac@simplysafety.com.sg
NEBOSH International General Certificate (IG) New Syllabus Examination Dates for 2022
Examination date Date of NEBOSH Exam To Register and Pay by
INEBOSH G OBE Exams February 2022 2 February 2022 1 December 2021
NEBOSH IG OBE Exams March 2022 2 March 2022 10 January 2022
NEBOSH IG OBE Exams April 2022 6 April 2022 12 February 2022
NEBOSH IG OBE Exams June 2022 8 June 2022 10 April 2022
NEBOSH IG OBE Exams August 2022 3 August 2022 12 June 2022
NEBOSH IG OBE Exams Octoeber 2022 3 October 2022 12 August 2022
NEBOSH IG OBE Exams November 2022 2 November 2022 11 September 2022
NEBOSH IG OBE Exams December 2022 7 December 2022 15 October 2022


text:
Home nieuws Berlin Jewish museum director forced out by Israel lobby
Berlin Jewish museum director forced out by Israel lobby
Jewish Museum Berlin
Riri Hylton
The Electronic Intifada / June 20, 2019
The director of the Jewish Museum Berlin was forced to resign last week following pressure from Israel and its lobby.
The Central Council of Jews in Germany criticized the museum for tweeting an article on the 240 Jewish and Israeli scholars who signed a petition opposing the German parliament's recent motion condemning the BDS – boycott, divest and sanctions – movement for Palestinian rights.
"We reject this motion, which is based on the false allegation that BDS as such equals anti-Semitism," the petition reads.
"We call on the German government not to endorse this motion and to fight anti-Semitism, while respecting and protecting freedom of speech and of association, which are undeniably under attack."
The motion in the lower house, the Bundestag, smears BDS campaigners by comparing their approach to the Nazi-era slogan "Don't buy from Jews," despite how the explicitly anti-racist BDS campaign targets institutions – not individuals – for complicity in Israel's crimes.
The nonbinding parliamentary motion urges authorities to withhold funding from organizations that call into question Israel's "right to exist," that advocate for the boycott of Israeli goods and from individuals or groups which demonstrate support for BDS.
The motion has already been used to justify the barring of US hip hop artist Talib Kweli, who was disinvited from Germany's Open Source Festival after he rejected a demand to denounce the nonviolent campaign for Palestinian rights.
Director forced out
Following the Jewish Museum Berlin's tweet, the Central Council of Jews in Germany broke off contact with the museum, claiming that it was "completely out of control."
"Under these circumstances, one has to think about whether the term 'Jewish' is still appropriate," the council asserted.
Josef Schuster, president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, told German newspaper Die Tageszeitung he had "no understanding how an institution that calls itself Jewish retweets criticism of the resolution of the Bundestag."
Attacks from Israel and its supporters against Europe's largest Jewish museum were immediate.
Benjamin Weinthal, an anti-BDS operative who has admitted to exaggerating claims of anti-Semitism in order to engineer crackdowns on supporters of Palestinian rights, published a scathing piece in The Jerusalem Post.
Israeli ambassador to Germany Jeremy Issacharoff called the museum's tweet "shameful."
US ambassador to Germany Richard Grenell tweeted Weinthal's Jerusalem Post article, stating that he stood with the council. "Their leadership is crucial in Germany," he said.
In the face of this onslaught, museum director Peter Schäfer resigned on 14 June "to avert further damage to the Jewish Museum."
Exploiting German sensitivities
Some groups are backing the museum, including Jewish Voice for Labour in the UK which launched an action alert in the support of the museum's right to free speech.
"What we're witnessing is pure incitement, designed to intimidate the [Jewish Museum Berlin] and others into silence," the call states. "It's an outrageous assault on the freedom of speech and on the principle and value of a free, fair and open discussion."
This isn't the first time the museum – which attracts around 700,000 visitors each year – has come under fire for daring to deviate from Israel's official line.
In December, Israeli authorities wrote a letter to the German government demanding that it withdraw funding from the museum after it produced an exhibition titled "Welcome to Jerusalem."
The exhibit explored the city's historical significance for all three major monotheistic religions.
Israel claimed the exhibition was an example of "anti-Israel activity" and demanded that German authorities defund it. The request was ignored.
The sweeping stigmatization of the BDS movement, especially with false charges of anti-Semitism, has been the Israeli government's main method to try to suppress support for Palestinian rights for some years.
But its brazen attempts to stifle discussion in other countries, including Germany, seems to be gathering momentum.
Amos Goldberg, a Holocaust scholar at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and signer of the petition against the Bundestag motion, made the point in an interview with Die Tageszeitung.
"They abuse and exploit the German sensitivity to anti-Semitism," he said. "That – not BDS – is a big threat to an open society."
Riri Hylton is a freelance journalist/editor working in both print and broadcast journalism.


Georgetown is one of nine churches which make up the Jersey Methodist Circuit. Each of the churches has their own character and vision of how they can best be an effective Christian presence in their area.
We have 4 Ministers appointed to the Circuit, but with pastoral responsibility for one or more of the individual churches. The Circuit is overseen by our Superintendent Minister, Rev Graeme Halls.


Chronicling the period from the mid-nineteenth century to the early 1900s through striking vintage photographs, Growing Up in Baltimore pays tribute to the enduring courage and spirit of children. In a city that has been, at once, blessed with a rich port and torn apart by war, filled with pristine parks and scarred by the ravages of industrial life, childhood has reflected the ever-changing times and culture in American life. From baseball games and trips to the zoo to schoolyard pals and amusement park rides, children explored the world around them. But the nostalgia and innocence of well-born youth mingled with the harsher realities that many boys and girls knew as their daily lives-laboring in the mills and factories, the haphazard destruction of fires and storms, the segregation of public places, the cold and hunger so keenly felt during the Great Depression.


text:
Q: SparkUI not showing Tab (Jobs, Stages, Storage, Environment,...) when run in standalone mode I'm running spark master through the following command:
./sbin/start-master.sh
After that I went to http://localhost:8080, and I saw the following page.

I was expecting to see the tab with Jobs, Environments, ... like the following

Could someone help me to understand where the problem is?
Do I need extra configuration?
Thanks
Giuseppe

A: The UI you get at <master-ip>:8080 is the Masters' Web UI. You can have one similar for Workers at <worker-ip>:8081 (8081 is default port; could be any)
The Web UI you are looking for has specifications to the Application you run i.e. the executors, the dag-diagram, the stages etc. So if you click on one of the Running Applications, you will get a page like below. Click on the Application UI, and you get the required page.

A: To monitor and inspect Spark job executions in a web browser access the port 4040 instead of 8080.
For example : http://ipAddress:4040
Replace 8080 in the URL.
Refer to : https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/monitoring.html
In the above link, spark documentation states that it launches the web interface in port 4040
One more useful note is this information is only available for the duration of the application by default. To view the web UI after the fact, set spark.eventLog.enabled to true before starting the application. This configures Spark to log Spark events that encode the information displayed in the UI to persisted storage.
Hope that helps.

A: I think what you are looking for is the SparkUI, which you should first create a SparkContext. For example, you could run pyspark if you have that installed, and when it starts correctly, you would see a sparkUI spawned at port 4040 or 4041...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange