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How To Check Guitar Authenticity
Written by Andrew Wilson in Guitar FAQ,Guitar How To
As a guitar player, when I drop money on a Fender, Gibson, Ibanez, PRS or any other top-of-the-line axe, I want to know that I am getting exactly that. I don't want some cheap knock-off or counterfeit like the infamous "Chibson" guitar.
If you love guitars as much as I do, the cost of collecting these instruments can take a toll on the checkbook, so one of my favorite pastimes is spelunking in the local pawn shops or perusing the local Craigslist ads.
It's a great way to get a good deal on an otherwise hard-to-find-guitar. However, this is also one of the easiest ways to get ripped off. Knowing how to spot a fake versus the real thing is key if you are going to partake in this activity, particularly in this day in age where the counterfeit guitar problem worsens by the day almost.
A counterfeit guitar is a real nuisance. Not only are you paying a lot of money for a phony that sounds and plays poorly, but there is also no warranty, no trade-in value, and it's usually illegal to resell. So before you get stuck with a fake guitar from a charlatan calling himself a guitar dealer, learn the telltale signs.
How To Spot A Fake Guitar
The United States Secret Service is responsible for policing crimes of counterfeiting money in the US. Their agents are highly trained in spotting a fake versus the real thing – and not because they know what a fake look likes. They know what the real thing looks like. They learn to spot a fake dollar bill by studying the real thing until each and every little detail is committed to memory.
This is how one should approach learning how to spot a fake guitar – by learning all about the real thing. Knowing the building practices of the luthiers behind the guitar, what years major changes in the building process or materials occurred, and knowing the difference between authentic materials and cheap, almost identical substitutes will equip you with the knowledge you need to steer clear of the fakes.
The best tool you can have at your disposal if going out to buy a vintage guitar is George Gruhn's Guide to Vintage Guitars. This book is loaded with information to help you with a vintage guitar purchase, particularly in discerning manufacturer, model, date, and whether or not it's in original condition.
Another great way to learn about the intricacies of an authentic high-end guitar is to follow reputable luthiers and dealers. Some of the best sources are Stew Mac and Crimson Guitars. With YouTube pages like these, you can learn about different materials that authentic guitars use as opposed to the cheap imitation parts used by counterfeiters. It actually ends up being a lot easier than it may sound.
Quick, easy research can be done on any guitar provided it has a serial number. Most do – at least, the vast majority of the authentic ones do. This can be a chore, so hopefully, this provides you with a bit of a guide when deciphering guitar serial numbers.
How Do I Find The Serial Number On My Guitar? What Does It Mean?
Checking a guitar's serial number is a good and easy way to validate a guitar. You can look up a serial number either in Gruhn's Guide or run the number in the manufacturer's database. The serial number itself will give you date information and the database will have a description of the guitar so you can check the specs of the guitar in question.
Let's look at a few examples, starting with the more complicated guitars – Gibson.
The serial number of Gibson guitars can be found on the back of the headstock with a particular dating pattern. From 1975-1977, Gibson used an 8-digit dating code where the first two digits were the year:
99 = 1975
06= 1977
Then in 1977, Gibson introduced the serial pattern of YDDDYRRR. YY is the production year, DDD is the day of the year, and RRR is the factory ranking or plant designation number.
Before the 1984 closing of the Kalamazoo factory, RRR numbers 001-499 indicated the guitar was made in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The numbers from 500-999 were used up through 1989 for Gibson guitars made in Nashville.
Since 1989, Gibson acoustics have been made in Bozeman, Montana while the electrics have been made in Nashville or Memphis. RRR numbers for the Bozeman factory start each day at 001 while the electrics may start at the low 300s.
Here are a couple of examples of serial numbers from Gibson's website:
70108276: The guitar was made in 1976, on the 10th day of the year (January 10) and was the 276th guitar stamped that day. Given the year is before 1984, this guitar would have been made in Kalamazoo.
82765501: This guitar was made in 1985, so right away we know that it was after the Kalamazoo factory closed. It was the 276th day of the year (October 3) and was the first guitar stamped that day. Since the year was prior to 1989, the RRR number of 501 was used to indicate the first guitar of the day.
It can be a little nuanced, right? Well, Gibson is not finished yet!
In early July of 2005, Gibson went to a nine-digit serial number. A number was added to the middle of the sequence at the sixth number. So the new sequence looks like this: YDDDYBRRR
A batch number was placed before the factory number, starting with "0" at the beginning of the day. Once the RRR number reached 699, the batch number changed to "1".
There are some exceptions to these systems. Here are a couple of them:
The Les Paul Classic has a five- or six-digit serial number stamped in ink without the "MADE IN USA" as seen in the originals from 1952-1960. In 1989, four digits were used beginning with the number 9. From 1990 to 1999, a five-digit number was used with the first number indicating the year (0 for 1990, 1 for 1991, and so on).
From 2000-2005, a six-digit number was used with the first two digits being the year. The six-digit numbers also differed from the four- and five-digit serial numbers in that there was no space between the year indicator and the other digits.
Serial numbers beginning with "94" were used during Gibson's centennial year with the other six digits being the ranking number.
Gibson USA 2014 to present cannot be dated to a specific day of the year. The sequence is YYRRRRRRR. The new models for the next year usually begin in the Fall, so it's possible to have a 2015 Gibson USA model that was actually made in late 2014.
Believe it or not, that's not all when it comes to understanding the serial number of a Gibson. That was just for Gibson USA, Gibson Acoustic, and Gibson Memphis. There are different nuances for Gibson Custom, Gibson Banjos, and Gibson Dobros. For all of that information, you can visit Gibson's support page on their website for serial number lookup.
You can see why something like Gruhn's Guide would be good to have! Don't worry – we can breeze through the rest of our list….
Epiphone serial numbers are located on the back of the headstock, the top F-hole for semi-hollow bodies, or inside the soundhole of an acoustic.
Most models since about 1993 use the sequence FYYMMRRR. F is the factory code (can be two letters), YY is the year of manufacture (can be just one digit for those made in the 90s), MM is the month, and RRR is the ranking number and may be more or fewer digits, and not necessarily indicative of number of guitars made that year.
In an example from the Gibson website, S02021234 was issued in Feb. 2002.
Another serial number sequence that is used on many newer models is FYYMRRRR, where the month is indicated by a letter. S19D1234, for example, would be April of 2019.
For other exceptions, see Gibson's serial number support page.
Fender serial numbers, like Gibson, can get complex and will vary based on model and age. Locations and formats include:
Four digits on the bridge for 1950-1954
Four to five digits on the neckplate for 1954 to 1963
On the neckplate beginning with "L" from 1963-1965
Six digits on the "Big F" neckplate for 1965 to 1976
Serial number on headstock starting with a letter followed by 6-7 digits following 1976
Fenders made in Japan have the serial number either on the back of the neck near where the neck meets the body or on the headstock. These, however, can be inconsistent making them hard to date.
Mexican Fenders have a serial number on the back of the headstock beginning with the letter "M".
Fender serial numbers can be run against Fender's database on their website.
Paul Reed Smith (PRS)
PRS guitars will either have the serial number on the neck plate or on the headstock for set-neck models. The serial number starts with a year prefix with some numbers overlapping years. For example, "1" is used for both the 1991 and 2001 models.
In 2008, PRS went to a two-digit system which made it a bit easier to distinguish. Set-neck models have a more complex sequence. The PRS website has a table with the range of serial numbers and their corresponding year.
Ibanez does not use a unified system for serialization since Ibanez guitars are outsourced to several different entities around the world. The serial number will vary in location based on the model. Locations include the back of the headstock (sticker or printed), neckplate, the label inside the soundhole, stamped below the last fret, or stamped on the neck block inside an acoustic.
There will be several different serial sequences based on country of origin and year range. For example, guitars made in Japan from November 2004 to present day will start with the letter F, followed by a two-digit year and five-digit number. "F1412345" indicates the guitar was made by FujiGen Gakki in 2014.
A Korean-made Ibanez guitar made between 2000 and 2008 will start with one or two letters, followed by a two-digit year, two-digit month, and a four-digit production number for that month. The first letter or set of letters will be the manufacturer or factory code. "C02071234" indicates the guitar was produced by Cort Guitars in July 2002.
A great source for Ibanez serial numbers is the Ibanez wiki.
Yamaha acoustic and classical guitar serial numbers can be found near the soundhole label or stamped inside the guitar. Yamaha uses a date code where letters will correspond with the year and month numbers. H-Z represents numbers 1-12.
These serial sequences, as with other guitar makers will vary based on year range. As of now, there are 15 different serial numbering systems starting from 1941 to the present day.
A custom shop Yamaha made in Japan between 1991 and 1996 might have a serial number like HN701J. The sequence used with these guitars was YM###J. From 1991-1996, Yamaha started each month with 700. So in our example, HN701J means 1991 (H=1), July (N=7), and 701 is the first guitar made that month. The last letter was an internal code.
For a full list of date codes and serial number info, Ibanez has a resource (PDF) for that.
Rickenbacker serial numbers can be located on either the neck plate, bridge, or output jack plate.
Beginning in 1954, they started a system by which their guitars could be dated using the serial number. Until 1960, the format used was a six-character sequence indicating model, type, last digit of year, and production number. 4C7768 meant a Rickenbacker 400 series Combo made in 1957.
In 1960 and up until 1986, Rickenbacker went to a letter-to-number system for year and month. The serial number was stamped on the jack plate.
Fast-forward to models made since 1998 and things get a little easier with dating. The last two digits of the year can be found at the top of the jack plate and the number will be at the bottom portion of the jack plate.
For everything in between and all of the date-coding information, check out this resource from Reverb.com or use Rickenbacker's serial number decoder.
The Gretsch guitar serial number, depending on age, can be found on the inside back of the guitar, the top edge of the headstock, or on a label inside the guitar.
Those made from 1939 to 1965 simply had sequential numbering. From 1967 to the early 1970s, the number was date coded with the first one or two digits being the month, followed by a one or two-digit number for the year, starting with "7" for 1967.
1973 to 1981 saw a similar system with the first digit being month then a one-digit year beginning with "3" for 1973 and sometime having a hyphen between the month and year numbers. Since 2003, it's been a simple two-digit year, two-digit month, and a production number.
Visit Gretsch's website for all of the product dating info.
The serial number for an ESP guitar can found on the back of the headstock, on the neck plate, or under the pickups.
For the headstock and prior to 2000, the format is generally DDMMYNNN with the last three digits being the production number. Under the pickups, the sequence was #MMYNN.
Those punched into the neck plate don't seem to have a particular pattern but is typically a five-digit number. A resource you can use for an approximate dating method can be found here.
2000-2015 used the sequence of FYYWWDNN. The first letter or two would be the factory code, followed by a two-digit year, two-digit week, day of the week, and a production number.
2016 to present uses the format of BNNNNYYF. There is the brand (either E for ESP or ES for E-II), followed by either a production or internal number, year, then factory code.
Godin serial numbers can be found either on the back of the headstock or in the soundhole. One of the formats used was YYWWDRRR. This was a two-digit year where the production year starts in August, followed by production week, day of the week, and weekly rank.
In this format 06053168 indicates September 2005 (fifth week of the start of the 2006 production year) on Wednesday, and it's the 168th guitar made that week.
If the serial number is 7 digits, the guitar was made in the 1990s and the first digit indicates the year. 6 digits or less or just generally when in doubt, your best bet is to email Godin (info@godinguitars.com) and have them run it against their database.
Martin acoustic guitars have their serial number on the neck block inside the guitar.
These are very simple to date using the serial number chart on Martin's website. In 1898, the very last number used was 8348. Therefore, 8349 was the first guitar made in 1899.
Easiest one of the bunch!
Taylor guitars will either have a 9, 10, or 11-digit number located on the label inside the soundhole.
1993 through 1999 used the 9-digit system and used the format YYMMDDSPP. This was the year, month, day, series code, and production number.
Jan 2000 until Oct 2009 used the 11-digit sequence of YYYYMMDDSPP.
Since November of '09, Taylor uses the 10-digit system of FYMMDDYPPP where F is a factory code. 1=El Cajon, California; 2=Tecate, Mexico.
For more info on Taylor serial numbers, check out Taylor's support page.
Professional Musician and Instructor. I have been playing guitar for over 25 years with 20 years experience on stage and coaching other musicians.


Now we have implemented comments, and that is great. But as an administrator I do not want to check my site every day to see if someone has written a comment. I want a mail in my inbox that tells me what has been writte and a link to the post so that I just need to click on it in order to post a reply. For that we need a Mail class. And why not build the complete class right now, because I know I'm going to use it many times from now on. Not only to send mails to my self, but also to send mails to those who want updates on posts they have commented, those who want updates on new posts and I'm also going to build an error logging function that also should send mails to me if things go south.
Here is the Mail class. It has one function for storing the mail in the database for later sending and one function for accually sending the mail. The reason why we do this is because we do not want a page reload to start sending hundreds of mail, because then the site will be really slow. But if we store the mails in the database for later sendeing we not only gain speed, but we also have an excelent log of what mails have been sent.
WARNING! Previously I created the mime header and message by my self and then used the standard mail() function in php. That is a bad idea. Use a library like PHPMailer. The reason is that your mime might work in one server but as I discovered there were some issues when deploying the same script in another environment. And there are a lot of specific things to care for like where to place extra newlines and how to encode your message and other stuff. And you just don't want to spend time debugging and scratching your head with that. In this case I just downloaded the class.PHPMailer.php, renamed it to PHPMailer.php and placed it in my classes folder.
As I said, we do not only send mail here, we also save them to the database, so we need a table.
We also have a function called String::textToHTML() that converts raw text to html, if the text is not html to begin with. So we add that in the String class. And we also include the separate function fixLinks() that will turn a url into a clickable link.
In order to disable mail to be sent i our dev or demo environment, we add a Settings class. This will later be used for storing all kinds of settings for your system.
In order to be able to use the Settings we need to add the following lines to our global.php. They will load the Settings into the Settings object.
I normaly use a text file for keeping settings. But in this installation I actually choose to store the settings in a databse table. So here you go.
Now the only thing remaining is to implement the Mail call when adding a comment. We do this by adding the following code in the same if-case where we update the comment, like this.
$m->message = $com->name . ' (' . $com->mail . ') skriver:' . PHP_EOL  . PHP_EOL . $com->comment . PHP_EOL  . PHP_EOL . 'Link ' .
And in order to include a back link, for easy access, in the mail. We call Http::currentURL() that looks like this.
IMPORTANT! When creating a mail service always make sure that you have a spf1 record in your DNS. Otherwise you run a high risk ending up in the spam-filter.


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Termin -{RMP}- ima više značenja.

 -{RMP}- je guanin nukleotid-vezujući protein alfa 12.
 -{RMP}- je oznaka za antibiotik rifampicin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This legendary unscripted show, which is still on the air today, has been around almost as long as television. While the first season aired during the daytime, the second aired in prime time to moderate success. The third season made the top 30, with a 28.6 Household rating. It might not be watched in 28.6% of households in televisions anymore, but it is watched more than almost all other shows from the 1950s combined.
This sitcom, titled in the classic "The [insert first and last name here] Show" format, failed to make the top 30 in its fourth season, and in its fifth season finished lower than a show that aired on Saturdays. By that, I mean it was #2 in the ratings. What caused the uptick? It might have to do with the fact that it switched networks, as it originally aired on one with many ratings woes.
Despite having low retention from its hit reality show lead-ins, this show ended up making it three seasons and for a short period of time held the honor of having more episodes under its belt than any other of that network's simultaneously airing shows of the genre.


2009 Beaver Marquis Amethyst IV 45' Class A Motorhome. Cummins 650 ISX Diesel Engine. 4 Slide Outs, 8 Awnings, Sleeps 4, 4 A/C Units, Auto-leveling System.
The Marquis is simply the best that Monaco Coach has to offer, featuring their premier chassis and components with the unmistakable woodwork that can only be found in a Beaver Marquis.
This unit has been equipped with a Cummins 650 ISX diesel, dual air & hydraulic leveling, (2) electric pass thru storage tray, 15,000 lb hitch, accent patio lighting, ceiling fan, (2) additional folding dinette chairs, bedroom power sun screens, full tile flooring in living room, king sized bed with air controlled comfort, leather hide-a-bed sofa with air mattress, custom cabinets, wide window sill, custom desk/work station, leather euro lounger w/ ottoman, tire monitoring system, Blue-Tooth link, CB, stainless steel residential refrigerator with matching wood panel doors, 32" LCD TV in bedroom, (4) AGM batteries, Radiant floor heat w/full granite tile, collision avoidance system, HD multi-satellite system, and custom exterior paint.
The Marquis also has one of the most impressive lists of standard equipment in the industry. Some of these features include the S-Series 10 airbag Roadmaster chassis, ATC, ABS disc brakes, seamless one piece fiberglass roof, one piece windshield, deluxe full body paint, 3M front end paint protection, multi disc CD, GPS navigation system, See-Vision multi camera monitoring system, power heated seats, power visors, power pedals, drivers memory seat, driver's side power window, residential refrigerator, electric cockpit sun screens, 40" LCD living room TV, Bose home theater system, DVD, in-motion satellite, universal remote, stack washer/dryer, high gloss exotic wood cabinets & inlays, power day/night MCD shades, 12.5 Onan diesel generator, 2800 watt Pure-Sine wave inverter, Glass Matt batteries (replaced in last year), Multiplex wiring system, Aqua Hot heating system, (4) 15,000 BTU A/C units with dash air and heat pumps, key-less entry, Girard power awnings and much more.


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Disney Animation's "Strange World" – All New Trailer
September 22, 2022 Keith Lane
The Two Gay Geeks received this press release from our friends at Walt Disney Studios Publicity. "Strange World", the animated film has an all new trailer to view. This looks really exciting, I can't wait to see it.
Have a peek below.
Let us know what you think in the comments section below. As always we welcome your feedback and input on all of our published content. Thank you for stopping by and spending time with us.
"Strange World" Opens in Theaters November 23rd
A brand-new trailer, poster and trailer stills are now available for Walt Disney Animation Studios' action-packed adventure "Strange World." Opening in U.S. theaters this Nov. 23rd, the feature film introduces a legendary family of explorers, the Clades, as they attempt to navigate an uncharted, treacherous land alongside a motley crew that includes a mischievous blob, a three-legged dog and a slew of ravenous creatures. "Inspired by classic adventure stories," said director Don Hall, "'Strange World' is an original animated adventure/comedy about three generations of the Clade family who overcome their differences while exploring a strange, wondrous and oftentimes hostile world."
The voice cast includes Jake Gyllenhaal as Searcher Clade, a family man who finds himself out of his element on an unpredictable mission; Dennis Quaid as Searcher's larger-than-life explorer father, Jaeger; Jaboukie Young-White as Searcher's 16-year-old son, Ethan, who longs for adventure; Gabrielle Union as Meridian Clade, an accomplished pilot and Searcher's partner in all things; and Lucy Liu as Callisto Mal, Avalonia's fearless leader who spearheads the exploration into the strange world. "Strange World" is helmed by Don Hall (Oscar®-winning "Big Hero 6," "Raya and the Last Dragon") and co-director/writer Qui Nguyen (co-writer "Raya and the Last Dragon"), and produced by Roy Conli (Oscar®-winning "Big Hero 6," "Tangled").
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/StrangeWorldMovie
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/strangeworld/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/strangeworld
Tags: animated, Comedy, Disney, film, movie, Press Release, trailer
Previous "Halloween Ends" – The Final Reckoning Featurette
Next "Hellraiser" Re-Imagined on Hulu October 7th
"Knock At The Cabin" – A Look Inside Featurette
January 24, 2023 Keith Lane
Disney+ Debuts Key Art and Trailer for Season 3 of "Star Wars: The Mandalorian"
Lionsgate Presents "Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret" In Theaters April 28th
Phoenix Area Peeps – Come Meet Nick Benson – Raising Awareness for Mulligan's Manor
Arkle's 2022 Movie & TV Breakdown by Category
January 3, 2023 Brian Webber
Gini's Yaps
Gini Koch Warns us about Phoenix Holiday Decorations
December 10, 2022 Keith Lane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This course is designed to practise your intercultural communication skills in both personal and professional settings in English. Learn vocabulary, grammar and false friends in a relaxed atmosphere in role plays, small talk, group discussions and various exercises. We will be focusing on communicating with people with different cultural backgrounds and handling yourself with competence in English (Level B1/B2).


You can click on any element at the background : they still active and won't close the popup.
You can close the dialog by pressing the Esc key, or by clicking on the Close button.
Tooltip content will be positioned relative to the opening link.


We got a bigger bus so we could ride into the airport and back with them. Plus, we needed a place to put all the luggage. The bus we got had a bathroom in it and a beverage bar. It was a fun ride! Some stay at our house, and some stay at my in-law's house just across the street from us. We are packed to the rafters with people that week, and it is a bunch of crazy fun. The good experiences far outweigh any stress of being packed into a house like sardines sharing two and a half bathrooms. Fortunately, my in-laws have a big house too.
We have to eat in shifts because there is not enough room at the table. We manage the main holiday meal by having lots of trays so the kids and anyone who can sit on the floor will eat there. Is that quirky? Yes, but it works for us. The oldest is 93. She stays in the guestroom downstairs that has its own bathroom. Two aunts stay in the room with her. I usually get up in the night to check on everyone. There is lots of snoring, CPAP machines running, kids with their legs still kicking from all the play of the prior day and lots of love. We are definitely renting the same limo from the company that has buses for their return trip to the airport.


text:
Dynamically reconfigurable distributed interactive voice response system
The present invention is a computer system and method that manages connections between one or more data network interfaces and one or more phone interfaces. A manager process, running on a computer system having both data and phone network interfaces, receives one or more telephone calls from one or more users over one of the phone interfaces and than accesses one or more profiles associated with each of the users. These profiles have one or more service identifiers and one or more interactive response agent (IRA) identifiers associated with the respective user. A menu of the service identifiers is presented to the user. The system then looks up an agent address of one of the IRAs that is associated with the service identifier selected by the user from the menu and establishes a session with the associated IRA. Having done this a two-way communication with the associated IRA occurs during the session. In this communication, the IRA is capable of passing information to the system from one or more application servers to which the IRA is connected over one or more data networks.
Liu, Te-kai (Elmsford, NY, US)
Maruyama, Kiyoshi (Chappaqua, NY, US)
International Business Machines Corporation (Armonk, NY, US)
379/88.22, 704/270, 709/217
H04M1/64; H04M3/493
379/201.02, 704/270, 709/217, 379/88.22, 709/214, 379/88.17, 379/93.17, 379/88.02
6564251 Scalable computing system for presenting customized aggregation of information 2003-05-13 Katariya et al. 709/214
6353661 Network and communication access systems 2002-03-05 Bailey, III
6327363 Method and system for automated customer services 2001-12-04 Henderson et al.
6317484 Personal telephone service with transportable script control of services 2001-11-13 McAllister 379/88.02
6269336 Voice browser for interactive services and methods thereof 2001-07-31 Ladd et al.
5923736 Hypertext markup language based telephone apparatus 1999-07-13 Shachar 379/93.17
5915001 System and method for providing and using universally accessible voice and speech data files 1999-06-22 Uppaluru
5884262 Computer network audio access and conversion system 1999-03-16 Wise et al.
5761662 Personalized information retrieval using user-defined profile 1998-06-02 Dasan
5537461 Information services platform 1996-07-16 Bridges et al.
Phone Browser by Bell Labs. http://www.bell-labs.com/profect/tardis/portal.html Integrated Web and Telephone Service Creation, Bell Labs Technical Journal, 1997.
Phone Notes Telephony Architecture, Integrating and Connecting with Notes, Lotus Notes 4 Unleashed, Randall A. Tamura, et al.
GAUTHIER, GERALD
SCULLY SCOTT MURPHY & PRESSER, PC (400 GARDEN CITY PLAZA SUITE 300, GARDEN CITY, NY, 11530, US)
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/239,329, filed Jan. 28, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,333.
The present invention generally relates to telephone-based information access systems, and more particularly to a distributed architecture for telephone users to access information and service from their Internet service providers.
1. A method of operating an agent to obtain information for a user from a Web site, wherein the method is for use with a manager, the method comprising the steps of: the agent receiving a start request across an interface to establish a session; in response to receiving said request, the agent sending across the interface an acknowledgement to establish the session; during the established session, the agent entering a loop, including the steps of the agent receiving a request across the interface from a user for information, obtaining information from a Web site, sending the obtained information to the user, and monitoring for an end of session signal across the interface from the user; the agent receiving across the interface from the user an end request to end the session; and in response to receiving said end request, the agent ending the session; and wherein: the user and the manager are on a first side of the Internet; the agent is on a second side of the Internet, said second side being opposite said first side; the step of the agent receiving the request for information includes the step of the agent receiving the request for information from the user via the manager; the step of the agent sending an acknowledgement to establish the session includes the step of the agent sending said acknowledgement to the manager; and the step of the agent sending the obtained information to the user includes the step of the agent sending the obtained information to the user via the manager.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein: the Web site is operated by an information service provider; and said information service provider operates the agent.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein: said information service provider operates a plurality of Web sites; and the step of obtaining information includes the steps of, during the session, obtaining information from said plurality of Web sites and sending the information obtained from said plurality of Web sites to the user across the interface.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein: the agent has idle and active states; further comprising the steps of: the agent, in response to receiving the start request, switching from the idle state to the active state; and the agent, in response to receiving the end request, switching from the active state to the idle state.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein: the step of receiving a request from a user for information includes the step of receiving from the user a selection of a first application server; and further comprising the steps of the agent, after sending the obtained information to the user, sending to the user a service menu for the user's next selection, receiving from the user another selection of a second application server, and in response to receiving said another selection, obtaining additional information from said second application.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein: the agent includes a set of connection functions and an application server interface; and further comprising the step of, the agent using the set of connection functions to establish said session; wherein: the step of obtaining information includes the steps of i) using the application server interface to communicate with an application server, and ii) obtaining the information from the application server.
7. A computer readable medium, tangibly embodied with a program of instructions executable by the computer to perform method steps for operating an agent to obtain information for a user from a Web site, wherein the method is for use with a manager, said method steps comprising: the agent receiving a start request across an interface to establish a session, wherein the user makes a telephone call to transmit the request to the manager, the manager receives the telephone call and obtains an Internet address for the agent, and the manager uses the Internet address to transmit the request to the agent; in response to receiving said request, the agent sending across the interface an acknowledgement to establish the session; during the established session, the agent entering a loop, including the steps of the agent receiving a request across the interface from a user for information, obtaining information from a Web site, sending the obtained information to the user; and monitoring for an end of session signal across the interface from the user; and wherein: the user and the manager are on a first side of the Internet; the agent is on a second side of the Internet, said second side being opposite said first side; the step of the agent sending said acknowledgement includes the step of the agent sending said acknowledgement to the manager; the step of the agent receiving the request for information includes the step of, the agent receiving the request for information from the user via the manager; and the step of the agent sending the obtained information to the user includes the step of the agent sending the obtained information to the user via the manager.
8. A computer readable medium according to claim 7, wherein: the agent is operated by an information service provider; said information service provider operates a plurality of Web sites; and the step of obtaining information includes the step of, during the established session, the agent obtaining information from said plurality of Web sites and sending the information obtained from said plurality of Web sites to the user across the interface.
9. A computer readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the agent has idle and active states, and said method steps further comprise: the agent, in response to receiving the start request, switching from the idle state to the active state; and the agent, in response to receiving the end request, switching from the active state to the idle state.
10. A computer readable medium according to claim 7, wherein: the step of receiving a request from a user for information includes the step of receiving from the user a selection of a first application server; and said method steps further comprise the steps of the agent, after sending the obtained information to the user, sending to the user a service menu for the user's next selection, receiving from the user another selection of a second application server, and in response to receiving said another selection, obtaining additional information from said second application.
11. A computer readable medium according to claim 7, wherein: the agent includes a set of connection functions; and said method steps further comprise the step of, the agent using the set of connection functions to establish said session.
12. A computer readable medium according to claim 7, wherein: the agent includes an application server interface; and the step of obtaining information includes the steps of i) using the application server interface to communicate with an application server, and ii) obtaining the information from the application server.
Many businesses use interactive voice response (IVR) systems to automatically respond to customer inquiries. For example, a customer can make a phone call to the IVR system of a business and establish a connection via a public switched telephone network or a cellular phone network. Once the connection is made, the customer can interact with the IVR system to access desired information such as account balance or to conduct transactions such as transfer between accounts. The caller typically responds to the voice menus of the IVR system by pressing the keypad on his telephone set. Very often such phone calls are made using the toll-free number associated with the business and the cost of the call is paid by the business.
There exist other IVR systems which allow the employees of a corporation to access their e-mail by making a phone call to the corporation's IVR system which interfaces with the e-mail server. For example, PhoneSoft Inc. has a IVR product that interfaces with Lotus e-mail servers. The corporation has to pay the cost of the calls which may be long distance when their employees travel.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,461, "Information Services Platform", has recognized that the cost of such phone calls can be greatly reduced by connecting such a call to an information services platform associated with the point the call enters the telephone network so that an inquiry entered by the calling party may be received by a front end of the platform which then passes the inquiry to a back end of the platform for presentation to a called source of information. (This patent is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.) The advantage is that the voice connection to a conventional IVR system via a telephone network is replaced by an inexpensive data network. But the front end of the information services platform in this patent is not generic. This means that some service specific programs or scripts have to be pre-installed at the front end.
"Phone Browser" from Bell Labs is another system which has the concept of a separate front end and back end. The phone browser together with the front end acts as a Web browser but with no visual information presented to the caller. However, Web servers are the only information source that the caller can access by the phone browser system.
FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of a typical prior art phone browser system 100. The system allows a telephone user to access the Web pages (not shown) residing at Web servers 170 on the Internet. The system works as follows. A caller picks up a phone 105 and dials the phone number corresponding to the URL (Universal Resource Locator) of the Web page that he/she wants to reach. The phone call will be routed by the PSTN (public switch telephone network) 110 to a IVR platform 120 which on one hand interfaces with the PSTN 110 and on the other hand interfaces with the Internet 150, to which a phone browser 160 and a Web server 170 are connected. The phone call will be picked up at the IVR platform 120 by the call handling routine 122 which will find the destined URL by looking up the phone number URL table 124 based on the phone number the caller dialed. The call handling routine 122 then proceeds to establish a session with a phone browser 160 and initializes the phone browser 160 with the selected URL by a proprietary protocol, called V protocol. The phone browser 160 then interacts with the Web server 170 hosting the destined URL by the Hyper-Text Transport Protocol (HTTP).
The IVR platform 120 interfaces with the PSTN via a telephony interface 128 which includes DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency) detection, call answering/disconnecting, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters, etc. The IVR platform 120 includes audio functions 126 such as text-to-speech converters, audio players, audio recorders, etc. The information (e.g. text and audio) obtained from the Web server 170 is first processed by the phone browser 160 (e.g., appending a voice menu at the end of the page.) The processed information is then sent to the call handling routine 122 via V protocol. The received information at the call handling routine 122 is presented to the caller after the necessary conversion is done at the IVR platform 120. The caller now listens to the transformed Web page in speech and chooses the next URL by pressing the corresponding touch-tone button on the phone 105 according to the voice menu presented to the caller by the call handing routine 122. The call handling routine 122 converts the received DTMF tone into a digital format (e.g., ASCII text) and sends it to the phone browser for specifying the next Web page. The process repeats till the caller hangs up the phone. If the caller should want to access another service (Web site) hosting by another Web server 170, the caller has to disconnect the call and dial the phone number corresponding to the URL that he/she wants to reach. The aforementioned phone browser system is a service-oriented distributed IVR system, i.e. one service per phone number.
Problems with the Prior Art
Most systems in the prior art have many restrictions and limitations. First, the conventional IVR systems are in general expensive, and the buyers have to maintain the systems in order to make sure that the capacity scales up as traffic increases. In addition, the cost of long distance phone calls will accumulate and may become a major expense for the owners of the IVR systems.
Second, the information service platform described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,461 is primarily a solution for telephone carriers. The providers of the information source need to work with their carrier to pre-install service-specific programs or scripts at the front ends. Furthermore, every time the service is changed, the information service provider has to rely on its carrier to upgrade the frond end program. This requirement limits the usage of the information services platform.
Third, the phone browser approach is limited to Web content. There exist many other types of information sources such as non-Internet based e-mail and database servers which cannot be accessed by a phone browser.
Fourth, all the aforementioned IVR architectures are service-oriented, which means that each phone number is associated with a particular service offered by a service provider. Separate phone calls have to be made if the caller wants to access multiple services provided by different service providers.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is an improved system and method that allows users to use telephones (without computers and moderns) to call their ISPs (Internet service providers) and access the information and service they need from one or more digital networks.
An object of this invention is an improved system and method that frees the customers of an ISP from the burden of high IVR cost and scalability by letting the ISP operate the telephony/speech functions at the point-of-presence (POP), i.e. the place users call in.
An object of this invention is to provide a system and method for a caller to access multiple application servers (i.e., multiple services) by just one phone call.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The foregoing and other objects, aspects, and advantages will be better understood from the following non limiting detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings that include the following:
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a prior art phone browser system.
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 3A is a state transition diagram of a front end manager.
FIG. 3B is a flowchart describing the front end manager in the active state.
FIG. 3C is a flowchart describing the front end manager in the pass-through state.
FIG. 4A is a state transition diagram for an IRA manager.
FIG. 4B is a flowchart for describing the IRA manager in the active state.
Because of the intensive competition in the market, every Internet service provider (ISP) is looking for opportunities to enhance its service offerings to stay competitive. This invention discloses a service architecture that allows an ISP to deploy enhanced information services for its customers without incurring high deployment cost.
In this invention, the functions of an IVR system are split into two parts, i.e., a front end and a back end. The front end is populated at the POPs of an ISP and the back end is located at anywhere in the Internet. Particularly, the invention lets an ISP provide the functions of telephony (e.g., call handling and touch-tone detection) and audio (e.g., playing audio files, voice recording, and text-to-speech conversion) at every POP, and puts the software components (which interact with users) in the Internet.
A software component, called an interactive response agent (IRA) located in the Internet interacts with users. An IRA has two roles: one is to interact with users who are using touch-tone phones, and the other is to interface with application servers such as e-mail servers, voicemail servers, Web servers, database servers etc. on user's behalf. If the information retrieved by an IRA is in text format, it will be sent to the POP where the user called in, converted into synthesized speech by text-to-speech converters, and played back to users over telephone lines. If the retrieved information is an audio file, as in a phonemail system, the information will be sent to the POP, converted into a form for playing back over a phone line.
The present invention not only telephone-enables application servers, it also provides a two-fold advantage to an ISP's corporate customers. On one hand, the corporate customers of an ISP can easily enable their end users to access corporate information without buying expensive IVR units. On the other hand, corporations can have full control of IRAs which retrieve corporate information on behalf of end users. What a corporate customer needs is an IRA that interfaces with the ISP's POP. In general, different application servers are accessed by different protocols, e.g. HTTP for Web servers.) The application-dependent IRA can be provided by an ISP, purchased from third party vendors, or developed by corporate I/S staff. For popular information servers such as Lotus Notes e-mail servers, Microsoft Exchange servers, and Web servers, third party vendors can help to develop the corresponding IRA components. For corporate proprietary database applications, the corporate has to develop its own IRA which interfaces with ISP's POP. In order to make the components developed by various vendors interoperable, a set of API (application programming interface) between POPs and IRAs can be standardized.
FIG. 2 shows a system diagram for the present invention which takes a user-oriented approach to distributed UVR systems. In FIG. 2, like reference numerals represent the same component as in FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 shows a telephone 105 connected to a PSTN 110 which connects to a local point-of-presence (POP) 220 of an Internet service provider (ISP). The POP 220 includes a front end (FE) manager 222 which is a call handling routine, users profile 224, connection functions 226, audio functions 126, and a telephony interface 128 for interfacing with the PSIN 110. The behavior of the FE manager 222 is controlled by a state machine 300 shown in FIG. 3A.
One major component in the present invention is the users profile 224 which contains, among other things, authentication passwords and billing information, a table describing the service items that the user has subscribed to and the network addresses of the interactive response agents providing those services for each subscriber of the ISP. When a subscriber of the ISP called a local POP 220, the phone call will be answered by a front end (FE) manager 222. After the caller is authenticated the caller will be able to specify the desired service item, and the FE manager 222 will establish a session and communicate with the corresponding IRA through connection functions 226 over the Internet 150. In the present invention, each subscriber is able to maintain his/her profile and add/delete a pair of a service item and the corresponding network address of the IRA handling that service. Moreover, when the caller is done with a service, the session between the FE manager 222 and the IRA manager 262 will be terminated and the caller will have an opportunity to select another service item in his/her profile. Hence the front end at a POP is not statically tied with a particular IRA during a phone call, i.e. a dynamically reconfigurable capability. The detailed algorithms of a FE manager and an IRA manager to achieve this capability are described in FIGS. 3A-3C and 4A-4B.
The connection functions 226 are a set of API for the FE manager 222 to establish a session and have a two-way communication with IRA managers, e.g. IRA manager 262 and 272. The connection functions 226 include API calls to send a session request, send DTMF a digit, send an audio file, receive a text message, receive an audio file, and terminate a session.
The FE manager 222 is further interfaced with the Internet 150 to which IRA 260, IRA 270, application server 280 and application server 290 are connected. The IRA 260 and 270 are agents working between the FE manager and back end application servers such as e-mail servers, financial database servers, Web servers, etc. An IRA gives the caller the feeling of interacting with an IVR system. An IRA can be specialized in interfacing with a specific type of servers. An IRA can also implement multiple server interfaces for communicating with different types of application servers. For example, application server 280 can be a Lotus Notes server; IRA 270 has the API to communicate with it. Application 290 can be a computer running Web server, POP3 email server and news server; IRA 270 has the set of APIs to communicate with multiple application servers. In a preferred embodiment, this IRA 270 has a security profile as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/239,322 to Liu entitled "Security Profile for Web Browser" which is filed on the same day as this disclosure and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In FIG. 2, IRA 260 contains an IRA manager 262, connection functions 264, and server interface 266 for interfacing with server 280. The behavior of the IRA manager 262 is controlled by a state machine 400, to be detailed in FIG. 4A. The FE manager 222 interacts with the IRA manager 262 by a set of API as defined in connection functions 226 and 264 over the Internet 150. The connection functions 264 are a set of API calls for the IRA manager 262 to establish a session and have a two-way communication with FE manager 222. The connection functions 264 include API calls to accept a session request, receive a DTMF digit, receive an audio file, send a text message, send an audio file, and send end-of-service request.
FIG. 3A is the state transition diagram 300 of the FE manager 222. The FE manager 222 has 3 possible states, namely the idle state 310, the active state 320, and the pass-through state 350. Initially the FE manager stays in the idle state 310. When a new phone call is answered, the FE manager 222 moves to the active state 320 which is detailed by the flowchart in FIG. 3B. The FE manager 222 stays in the active state until either the phone call is hung up, at which point the FE manager goes back to the idle state 310, or until a session is established with an IRA, at which point the FE manager 222 moves to the pass-through state 350, detailed in FIG. 3C. The FE manager 222 stays in the pass-through state until either the phone call is hung up, at which point it goes to the idle state 310, or until the session with the IRA is terminated, at which point it goes back to the active state 320. A session between the FE manager 222 and the IRA manager 262 is established after the IRA manager 262 sends the FE manager 222 an acknowledgment in response to a request sent by the FE manager 222. The session is terminated when the IRA manager 262 sends an end-of-service request to the FE manager 222.
FIG. 3B shows a flowchart describing the FE manager 222 in the active state 320. The FE manager 222, starting at step 322 and authenticate the caller in step 324, where the caller is prompted to supply the user ID and personal identification number (PIN) by pressing touch-tone pads on the phone. The user ID and PIN is checked against the users profile 224 in step 326. If authentication is successful, the FE manager 222 will in step 328 obtain a service menu from the user's profile stored in users profile 224. If the authentication is not successful, the FE manager 222 will in step 329 obtain a service menu from the public profile stored in users profile 224. The obtained service menu is then presented to the caller in step 330. The FE manager 222 then obtains the service item chosen by the caller in step 332, and finds the network address of the IRA corresponding to the caller's selection in step 334. The FE manager 222 then tries to establish a session with the IRA in step 336 and checks the successfulness in step 338. If the session is successfully established, the FE manager 222 transits to the pass-through state 350 and enters step 352 (see FIG. 3C.) If the session is not successfully established, FE manager 222 will report to the caller in step 340 that the chosen IRA is not available, and go back to step 330. It is possible that the FE manager 222 enters the active state 320 from the pass-through state 350 in step 342. In such a case, the FE manager 222 will in step 344 inform the caller that he/she is back to the main service menu at the front end and go to step 330.
FIG. 3C shows a flowchart for the FE manager 222 in the pass-through state 350 where a session is already established with an IRA. The FE manager 222 starts at step 352 and checks if it receives an end-of-service (EOS) request from the IRA in step 354. If EOS is received, the FE manager 222 will disconnect the session with the IRA and goes to step 342, an entry point to the flowchart of the active state in FIG. 3B. If no EOS is received, the FE manager 222 will check if the telephony interface 128 receives DTMF tones from the caller in step 356. If any DTMF tone is received, the FE manager 222 will send the DTMF digit, converted from tones by the telephony interface 128, to the IRA in step 358. Then the FE manager 222 will check if any data (text or audio) is received from the IRA in step 360. If there is data received from the IRA, the FE manager 222 will invoke the appropriate converters, such as text-to-speech converters and audio players, and present the information to the caller through the telephony interface 128 in step 362. If no data is received from the IRA in step 360, the FE manager 222 will go back to step 354.
FIG. 4A is a state transition diagram 400 for an IRA manager 262. An IRA manager 262 has 2 possible states, namely the idle state 410 and the active state 420. Initially IRA manager 262 stays in the idle state 410 until it receives a request to establish a session from a FE manager, at which point it establishes a session with the requesting FE manager by sending back an acknowledgment and goes to the active state 420, detailed in FIG. 4b. IRA manager 262 will stay in the active state 420 until the caller wants to end the session, at which point the IRA manager 262 will send end-of-service (EOS) request to the FE manager 222, terminate the session, and go back to the idle state 410.
FIG. 4B shows a flowchart describing the IRA manager 262 in the active state 420. The IRA manager 262 starts at step 422 and establishes a session with the requesting FE manager 222 using connection functions 264 in step 424. Depending on whether the underlined service is public or personal, the IRA manager 262 may authenticate the user in step 426 by prompting the user to supply user's account number and password. For example, e-mail is a personal service. The IRA manager 262 then enters a loop where it interacts with an application server such as the application server 280 to obtain the data that the user needs in step 428 using the application server interface 266. The IRA manager 262 then formats received application data, appends service menu for user's next selection, and sends data to the FE manager 222 in step 430. The IRA manager 262 receives user's selection from the FE manager 222 in step 432 and checks if the user's selection correspond to ending the service in step 434. If the user's selection is not to end the service, the IRA manager 262 goes back to step 428 to obtain application data. The IRA manager 262 exits the loop at step 434 when it finds that the user selects to end the session. In such a case, the IRA manager 262 sends an end-of-service (EOS) request to the FE manager 222 in step 436, tears down the session at step 438, and proceeds to the idle state at step 410.
The present invention discloses a service architecture for ISPs to offer phone-enabled information services such as e-mail, stock quotes, weather information, travel information, personalized traffic information, personalized news services, financial services, sports information, professional services, ticket information, on-line shopping, etc. These many types of services can be provided by different IRAs supported by different vendors as long as users put the network addresses of the IRAs they have access to into their user profiles. Simply by a local phone call to his local ISP, the dynamically reconfigurable capability of the distributed IVR systems disclosed by this invention will allow a caller to visit multiple service providers' IRAs in the same phone call. Callers do not have to memorize multiple phone numbers, one for each service provider.
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The biggest upset of the day in major conference postseason play went down in the ACC when Miami, the 13 seed, upended 5 seed Clemson 67-64. The Hurricanes have been gashed by injuries and misfortunes all season – they played with just six scholarship players! – so to see them oust a surefire tourney team at less than full strength showed some serious mettle (and reflected quite poorly on Clemson). the lorenz Miami's got a long road ahead to ACC title contention – with Georgia Tech standing in its way next – but this team is a fun, plucky underdog with heart and hustle that already has two wins in the ACC Tournament under its belt. So long as Isaiah Wong keeps his hot streak rolling (he's scored 20 points in consecutive games), this team's got a shot at serving as spoiler.
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Pre-orders not only help promote their games but they function as a forecast of potential sales as well. In the years since, I've made only intermittent use of computers in running or playing roleplaying games. After all, not all of us need to play on 'ultra' settings or 4K resolution. Once there, you will find a long list of countries from where the channels are made and under each country are hot links of the channels available that you can click and watch immediately.
Conclusionxbox game pass pc game list 2020
I titled this article The War on Used Games in an effort to be tongue-in-cheek and poke fun at how whenever the government declares war on drugs or terror or whatever it may be, they only succeed in exacerbating the problem.
Tags: stars triple
Previous End of Year Deals promotion comes to PlayStation Store
Next MXGP 2021 – The Official Motocross Videogame Is Now Available For Xbox One And Xbox Series X|S


text:
import {Office} from './office.model';

export interface OfficePage {
  offices: Office[];
  totalPages: number;
  totalElements: number;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The three two-storey, two bedroom Villas at the Blue Palace impress even the most demanding traveler. The villas are designed to function as private residences and to ensure discretion and absolute privacy in an elegant atmosphere. They are located within the resort premises and they present the ideal choice for guests that wish to combine stylish vacation with privacy and facilities and services of the resort.
Villa Almyra and Thalassa are inspired by the Oriental Mediterranean style, while the Grand Villa is by far the most luxurious accommodation with its unpretentious elegance combining elements from Ancient Greece and the warm welcoming colors of the more recent history of Crete. Get inspired by their relaxing elegant theme and choose to spend your holidays in style.
Villa Almyra 110 m² consists of two bedrooms with en-suite deluxe bathroom facilities, comfortable sitting area and an infinity swimming pool of 28 m² that can be heated during colder months. The Villa Almyra is designed to ideally combine indoor and outdoor living, with a beautiful terrace overlooking the sea, a pebble mosaic veranda with an outdoor dinning area and sundeck around the pool.
Its impressive Main bedroom is located on the first floor and features a super king size, four poster bed adjustable with remote control Through a walk-in dressing area, one goes to the luxurious marble-lined bathroom with separate WC and shower cabinets and a Jacuzzi with sea view. The Main Bedroom is equipped with Sony TV 32'' and DVD, a small office space and mini bar cabinet stocked with premium brands.
On the ground floor the second bedroom has a super king size bed, a walk-in dressing area and a marble lined bathroom with Jacuzzi and separate WC and shower cabins.
The villa Thalassa is located in the same neighborhood and designed with the same blue colors and influenced as Villa Almyra. As you enter this villa you find yourself in a spacious living room with a cozy fireplace and a large eastern divan. Thalassa features two bedrooms with spacious en-suite marble lined bathrooms, a living room area with guests bathroom and a beautiful veranda leading to a heated infinity swimming pool of 31 sq. meters.
The master bedroom features a super king size bed adjustable by remote control, a cozy fireplace for the colder months and a spacious wardrobe leading to the large and luxurious bathroom with Jacuzzi and sea view. Its large terrace offers spectacular views for long lazy breakfasts. The second Bedroom with an open space marble bathroom, leads to a beautiful covered veranda that overlooks the sea. Both bedrooms are equipped with Sony KV 32'' TV, while the master bedroom has also a DVD.
Close the gate to the grand Villa 220 m² and escape into your private world of luxury and elegance. This Villa, with earthly bright colors and large Cretan pots, welcomes you to its spacious rooms overlooking a charming patio with pebble mosaic, from where you can enjoy a relaxing area ideally combining in-door and out-door living.
The Villa consists of an elegant living room with fireplace, two luxurious bedrooms with en-suite, marble-lined bathrooms with separate shower and toilet cabinets and 2 Jacuzzis. Its impressive outdoor space is created in a way that ensures absolute privacy and an uncompromised view of the sparkling sea and the isle of Spinalonga.
A dining area and comfortable sitting areas are placed around the heated swimming pool 31 m² with two hydro massage seats. A secluded space features an in-door heated swimming pool 18 m² with sea view, sauna and a private massage area.
The impressive Grand Villa is designed to offer the most relaxing and enjoyable time for its guests. Home Theater facilities with Plasma 32' TV and DVD, Private garage, and Fireplace in the living room and the master bedroom are some of the 'details' that will make your stay most enjoyable.
The luxurious master bedroom is located on the upper floor to ensure more privacy and is very unique in its design. A large open space consists of the bedroom area, the spacious dressing area, the luxurious bathroom with wooden floor and a Jacuzzi with sea view. The second bedroom is located on the ground floor right by the pool. Both, the master and the second bedroom, are elegantly appointed with super king size beds and 32' TVs. The master bedroom also features a DVD and a remote control adjustable bed.
A rare service can be provided if guests decide to have a private dinner or function in the Grand Villa.
The Royal Blue Villa is an attribute to ultimate luxe with state of the art features. A private Residence with its own entrance, this villa enjoys a unique location with spectacular views to the Mediterranean Sea. All rooms are individually decorated with handpicked furniture to reflect individual eclectic style and subdued sophistication.
Total indoor size of 290 m2/3.121 ft2 including a stylish living room with fireplace overlooking the Sea and separate dining area; three luxurious bedrooms with king size beds; Spacious his & hers dressing areas; Three luxurious en-suite marble bathrooms with separate toilet, rain shower cabinets and Jacuzzi bathtubs; Impressive outdoor patio leading to a private garden, ensuring absolute privacy and offering uncompromised views to the sea; Outdoor dining area with barbecue facilities and sitting and dining areas are placed around the pool;Heated Infinity Pool of 35 sq. m. Sunbeds by the Pool;Outdoor barbeque facilities; Separate entrance for service and butler;small kitchen-service area.
In room entertainment system featuring one 32'' LCD TV in each bedroom with multilingual satellite channels and pay-per-view prime selection movies; one 42'' Plasma TV in living room with Home Theatre facilities.
CD/ DVD, Satellite Channels and pay-per-view movies; One 13'' LCD TV set in each of the bathrooms.
Nintendo and I-pod / Mp3 Player, Full Audio System.
Five multi-line direct-dial telephones with voice mail and Wi-Fi Internet accessibility.
Bedside control panel with "Privacy" and "Please Make Up My Room" buttons.


The City of London Corporation's Planning & Transportation Committee has agreed the first phase of its future vision for Bank junction.
This previous accident hotspot, has undertaken a transformation over the last two years, starting with a safety experiment which was made permanent in September 2018. The experiment saw the number of vehicles reduce from approximately 1,300 vehicles an hour to now allowing only buses and cycles to cross during the restricted period of 7am – 7pm each day.
Elected members have now voted to proceed with the next stage of the long-term transformation.
As part of the 'All Change at Bank' project, enhancements will make the junction a walkable, enjoyable space with new seating, and shaded and sheltered areas. The vision looks to retain the ability for some vehicle access, while achieving further restriction of two or three arms of the junction to create an area that prioritises pedestrians and cyclists – in line with the ambitious proposals set out in the City's draft Transport Strategy.
"Although this image only hints at what the area could look like, it paints a picture of how this iconic junction could one day appear.
"We listened to members of the public, local businesses and other stakeholders as part of our work to create safer, healthier streets.
"Our data shows that the number of pedestrians using the junction has risen in recent years. With the completion of works to upgrade London Underground's Bank Station due in 2022, these numbers will only increase.
Proposals for the next phase of work, expected later in 2019, will investigate the future potential for highways alignment, public realm designs and achievable vehicle mix.
The 'Bank on Safety' experimental scheme was part of 'All Change at Bank', an improvements programme which describes the City Corporation's broader aspirations and long-term proposals for Bank junction.


text:
Q: asp:Menu flows out of page I have this problem with the menu floating over the border of the page.
to see the problem in action. http://finalfantasyworld.net/FinalFantasy/FFcompilation.aspx
i want to make them stop at the length of the menu.
i have used sitemap to fill the ranks.
if Views are to be static or dynamic don't really know how to use them so i have not modified them.
here is the ASP

<asp:Menu ID="Menu1" CssClass="ffcomp"  runat="server" DataSourceID="FFcompilationSiteMap" MaximumDynamicDisplayLevels="2">
</asp:Menu>

<asp:SiteMapDataSource ID="FFcompilationSiteMap" StartingNodeOffset="2" ShowStartingNode="false" runat="server" />

Here is the CSS
div.ffcomp
{
border:1px solid #ccc;
background-color:#333;
}

div.ffcomp ul
{
list-style: none;
width: auto;
height:100%;
}
div.ffcomp ul li a, div.ffcomp ul li a:visited
{
border-left:none;
border-bottom:3px solid #dde1ec;
border-top:none;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size:13px;
font-weight:bold;
color: #c4e9ff;
display: block;
line-height: 1.35em;
padding: 9px;
text-decoration: none;
white-space: nowrap;
background-color:#333;
}

div.ffcomp ul li a:hover
{
color:#b02424;
border-bottom-color: #b02424;
border-bottom-style: solid;
border-bottom-width: 3px;
}

div.ffcomp ul li a:active
{
color: #cfdbe6;
border-bottom-color: #b02424;
border-bottom-style: solid;
border-bottom-width: 3px;
}

i think this is some sort of CSS related question.

A: I partially solved the problem its not a great solution and i would like a better one
#MainContent_Menu1 .level2
{
position:relative;
bottom:117px;
}
#MainContent_Menu1 .level3
{
position:relative;
bottom:312px;
}

possible future fail on it if the ID pops up some where else on the page

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Anywhere you find water, you are likely to find a fisherman. Part sport, part job, part meditation, fishing has always been a popular activity. Though it looks simple, there are a number of different types of fish to catch, techniques to use, and gear to try that depends on both location and your target catch.
Your first stop on a fishing excursion should be to the local regulatory agency. If you are booking a charter, this step may have been done for you. However, if you are planning on fishing on your own, a license is almost always required. In the United States, fishing is regulated by state agencies, and a quick search of fishing licenses and the state of interest should give you the information you need. Kids may or may not need a license, and the age of license changes by state. Some states will give you an all-purpose fishing license, while others may have different permit levels for different fish types. Alaska, for example, will give you a fishing license for everything but King Salmon. The salmon fishing license must be purchased separately. Washington state has one license for fish, and a separate license for shellfish like crab, shrimp, and oysters. Read the rules with the license. It will let you know when areas are open for fishing, and which species are in season. This is also a good place to go if you are unsure which species are best to fish for in your area. Local fish and wildlife agencies are usually very easy to talk to about the best species for your locale, boat, and gear.
Fishing is something that is as old as humankind. Because of this, there are many different ways that have been adapted to catch fish. Much of it depends on the tools you have, the location where you are fishing, and the season. However, whether you plan to fish off your boat, or just to boat to great on-shore fishing locations, there are many fun ways to experience the joy of catching fish.
There are a number of ways to fish off a boat, depending on whether you are a sport or a commercial fisherman, the kind of fish you want, and the tools you have. Even the basic rod and reel fishing can vary depending on your tools. For sport fishermen, here is a basic list of some of the different styles of fishing.
Trolling: This is the most common kind of boat fishing. Trolling boats will move at a slow rate to keep bait in motion and increase the chance that fish will see and take it. This can be done in conjunction with other fishing strategies. Most fishing in saltwater has a trolling component.
Chumming: This requires taking bloody fish components and putting them in the water to lure sharks near the boat.
Jigging: This is a style of fishing where baited rods are bounced up and down on a jig to create an appealing motion for fish to chase. Squid and rockfish are two popular fish species caught this way.
Pot or Trap Fishing: This is the most common way that shellfish like lobster, crab, and shrimp are caught. Baited pots/traps are brought out to different areas and left for hours to days. A surface buoy is attached so it is easy to find again and to pull up from the surface. They are then hauled on to the boat and the catch is removed.
Seining: This is a common way to catch salmon and/or herring in Alaska. It requires using a net to stop a large school of fish from moving forward. Seiners often use two boats, one at either end of a net that stretches hundreds of feet. The boats use the net to circle a school of fish, and then gather up the bottom of the net like the drawstring of a purse. It is often called purse fishing because of this.
Gillnetting: This is a traditional fishing style used by tribes in the Pacific Northwest. A net made of invisible fishing line is stretched across a section of the water during a salmon run. Fish cannot see the net and get caught by the gills as they swim by. Fishermen use their boats to then pull up the net and remove the fish one by one.
Kite Fishing: This method of fishing uses a kite on the line to keep bait close to the surface to attract large surface-eating fish, like Tuna and Wahoo. It is believed to have originated in China, and is a popular way to fish both by boat and on land in New Zealand, New Guinea, and Singapore. It is gaining more popularity in the US as well.
Spearfishing: This requires standing or swimming with a spear that is used to stab the fish. This can be done by snorkelers or divers looking for a large, slow moving fish, or by those who wade tidepools and want to catch dinner that was trapped by receding waters. Spears can be simple blades on sticks. This is a popular way to fish in tropical areas, and in the US is most common in Florida.
Fly/Surf Fishing: This kind of fishing requires casting a rod and reel while standing in the surf. It is also called surfcasting or beach casting. This is a common way to catch salmon in the Pacific Northwest, and species like red drum, flounder, and striped bass on the Atlantic coastline. It is one of the most popular forms of saltwater fishing.
Clam Digging: This is one of the beachcomber's favorite fishing activities on every coast. Clams and oysters are a great thing to find, and a wonderful reward for some hard work digging on the beach. There are often specialized tools used to dig depending on the species desired. It is important to always check with the rules and regulations when clams, oysters, and mussels are involved, because health issues like red tide can be potentially deadly during the wrong season.
Though there are hundreds of different ways to catch fish, there are a number of items that are needed, or that can make things easier when used. If you have never been fishing before, speak with someone knowledgeable before buying any equipment. There are a lot of things that may look like deals but are inappropriate for the style and/or species of fish you are targeting.
Rod and Reel: The basic staples of any fishing trip, the rod and reel you need will vary based on the type of fishing you are doing. Larger, heavier fish will need a stronger rod and stronger line. Fishing like surfcasting requires a longer pole to allow the line the height to get above the surf. The combinations are complicated, and it is always best to consult an expert before you buy.
Bait: Again, the best bait, whether live or dead, will vary based on the fishing method and the species desired. Ask around and be willing to try a few things before you find something that works for you. Once you get a few suggestions, feel free to experiment. If all else fails, ask someone at the local marina for advice.
Downrigger: For fishing species that like to stay deep, a downrigger is a heavy weight like a small cannonball that keeps your bait at depth even as you move through the water. It is recommended when trolling for any deep-water species.
Pot Puller: This is a hydraulic or manual winch that helps wind the rope attached to the trap. It speeds the rate that the line (often hundreds of feet) is pulled, and often has something to keep line from slipping backwards back into the water if you need to pause.
No matter where and how you boat, there is likely a vibrant fishing community in your area. Taking a little time to do research and ask the advice of locals will give you a head start in figuring out the best methods, target species, and locations to begin saltwater fishing. If you learn some successful methods and fun locations to go, you will quickly find that the thing that is really hooked is you.


Learn about various programming languages currently in use.
Explain the features of programming languages Ruby, Io, Prolog, Clojure, and Haskell.
Try to write a simple program in these languages.
Understand the concept of various programming languages, i.e., Ruby, Io, Prolog, Clojure and Haskell.
Install these programming languages in your PC and try to write a simple program in these languages.
Pre-learning of the textbook is recommended to understand the lecture. Please re-read the textbook and try to install these programming languages to submit reports.
As for the assignment, we give feedback as appropriate in the lecture and through Course N@vi.
URL information will be announced at the lecture.


Here's today's understatement of the year: emotion plays a major role in investing.
Whether it's the gold rush leading to 2008's crash, momentum trends that cause a stock to orbit its true value or the irrational exuberance of the 1990s, the stock market is filled with people who act like, well… human beings. Perhaps unsurprisingly, this has its strongest expression when it comes to individual investors.
That's not always bad. Emotions come into any big decision, and it's important to feel good about your portfolio. Emotions dictate risk tolerance, after all. The same goes for picking companies with a strong sense of mission. Those are the decisions that help you sleep at night.
Overconfidence isn't necessarily what it sounds like. Yes, sometimes this bias is cause by an investor who knows less than he thinks. That guy who caught 15 minutes of "Mad Money" and then gives lectures at a dinner party is a classic example.
"For those that are overconfident, a lot of times it's because they feel very comfortable in a certain frame of what investing is," said Michael Liersch, head of Behavioral Finance for Merrill Lynch. "When you broaden the frame for them and say that investing is so much more, it reduces that to a more manageable level."
An underconfident investor doesn't believe in his own base of knowledge. Whether the legitimate rookie spooked by financial complexity or the perfectionist always chasing that Xeno's Paradox of complete knowledge, the underconfident investor always wants to know a little more before making a change.
This bias is most characterized by concerns over investing in the wrong stock. Where an underconfident investor will set up their investments and follow that strategy forever and ever, a loss averse one won't have that sense of inertia. Instead, they constantly seek out safe harbors. A portfolio made up of Treasury Bonds and cash would be the ultimate expression of this bias.
What's the problem with that? Well, it's like the old saying goes: a ship in harbor may be safe, but that's not what ships are for. A bulletproof portfolio won't shrink, but it won't grow either.
In the wake of Snapchat's (SNAP - Get Report) IPO, you loaded up on tech stocks.
Recency is the tendency to invest based on the last thing the investor heard about. At its best, it's an effort to stay on top of the market by moving into or away from fields dominating the news. That's a good instinct, but only up to a point. At the end of the day, it's probably best not to build a retirement account around rumors and a Facebook feed.
This bias shows up every time an investor wants to jump in on the latest new thing. Staying abreast of trends is certainly wise, but that doesn't make those updates right for every portfolio. Learning about a shift in the market is, ultimately, only step one of a smart investment strategy.
"You can think about it," said Liersch, "as talking with friends and family and really being caught up in the moment and chasing investments that way."
"It eliminates the bespoke or personal aspect of it [investing], which is thinking about, 'What are my goals and what are my personal circumstances?'" he continued. "Chasing what other people are doing or what you perceive them as doing, which is what I think the more important component of this is, is what I generally coach people to avoid."
Investing can be scary. That's not news to anyone who rode out the Great Recession with a white-knuckled grip on his E-Trade password, but it's an endlessly valuable lesson. Short of a Treasury bond (see: Loss Aversion) every penny that goes into the market might not come out, and that can sometimes go to someone's head. He might want to jump at every new opportunity, or rush to protect his assets in the wake of a fluctuation.
"That one is probably the most prominent tendency that we think through in our business," Liersch said. "Thinking too fast is this idea of really being very action-oriented in implementing ideas as quickly as possible in order to take advantage of opportunities. And that may be fine, and it may make sense in order to accomplish goals, but in many other situations you certainly have time to take a few day or even a few months to ask, 'Is this really what I want to do?'"
There's certainly something to be said for the knowledge that familiarity breeds, yes, but that can be a double-edged sword. Just because a field feels comfortable doesn't mean it's safe (and those with industry knowledge, of course, should be careful lest they become overconfident).
Here's a quick experiment: ask a few Millennials what they think about buying a house. Scratch much (at all) below the surface, and the smart money says that a lot of them will mention the real estate crash and watching people get locked into a property.
That's called learning too much.
This is the bias of taking a past experience with the market and turning it into an ironclad rule. An investor who took a beating once in tech stocks, for example, might never invest in the NASDAQ again. Another will watch Trading Places and never touch orange juice again in his life. It's not a bad thing, learning from experience, but it's also important to remember that one event doesn't dictate the future.
"Is that perception, or is that reality?" Liersch said. "Is that really the scenario to focus on, what's happened in the past, or should they look forward into the future?"
Compound interest, Einstein is said to have said, is the most powerful force in the universe. Here's hoping he's right, because it's the basis of the entire 401(k) social experiment.
It's an idea that a lot of investors have trouble incorporating into their strategies though.
Minimization is the bias of overlooking this and not seeing the value of rolling percentages, narrow dividends and boring profit models. It's not exciting, but that's ultimately where a lot of the real money is made.
Lots of investors feel like they need to be robots, mechanically chasing the highest profit their portfolio will bear, but that's not true and it's not a sound strategy. Doing that risks making you, the investor, uncomfortable with your own money. That's not good for anyone's mental health, and you might wind up making poor or impulsive decisions because of it.
Take your feelings into account when it comes to investing. Make sure you're comfortable with where your money goes.
"Behavioral finance is about accepting the idea that we're all human," Liersch said. "If we're all wiling to be authentic about that, it could help us productively invest and help people get to better decisions."
It's O.K. to get a little personal about your money.


75-77 Northeastern Boulevard is an 88,266 square foot office/high-tech/distribution property ideally situated between Exit 4 and Exit 5 off the F.E. Everett Turnpike. This property is best suited for a company looking to own a highly visible corporate headquarters, occupy 33,251 square feet and utilize the remaining 51,034 square feet of leased space as cash flow or expansion space in the future.
This unique opportunity is ideal for a company seeking a great property, in an excellent location, with expansion capability at a below market price.