Electronic wallet for Postal Operators is a White label solution, allowing you to optimize the process of accepting cash (for both courier delivery and post offices) for goods sent and logistics services. Use a prepaid payment tool (for example, electronic money) for direct payments from your customers to merchants. Couriers and branch employees remain with the only function to top-up your customers' electronic wallets.
Engage and reward subscribers with loyalty program and personalized offers Benefits for Postal Operator with launch of Mobile Wallet.
Benefits for Postal Operator with launch of Mobile Wallet.
What does Postal Operator get with Mobile Wallet launch?
Benefits for Postal Operator customer with Electronic and Mobile Wallet.
"Novaya Pochta" together with its financial partner "Forpost" have tried to solve the problem of accepting cash from customers on behalf of merchants (such operation is not permitted directly by Ukrainian law).
"Forpost" electronic wallet is a system of electronic money, implemented on the basis of Wallet Factory technical platform. Within the project, the company changed the process of accepting cash from customers by couriers and post offices. Payment process has been turned into cashless form, there's no need any more to print primary payment documents (receipts now are stored in the electronic form). Time of customer services decrease by average 1 min per customer.


After the massive high of winning at League leaders Kettering last week this game was always going to be a challenge as Ives faced up to the rock bottom Greenbacks without a League win to their name all season. If some of the visitor's supporters were to be believed pre-game then their unfortunate run had been at least in part due to lady luck deserting them on a number of occasions. As it turned out the visitors can once more point to the dice not rolling their way but it must be said that their fourteenth League defeat of the season came about at least in part due to their own short comings but also in large measure due to Ives never say die attitude.
Not surprisingly manager Ricky Marheineke kept the same starting eleven that played so well at the Poppies last Saturday with back from suspension Jake Newman only claiming a spot on the bench. With the momentum from last week still flowing and the wind at their backs Ives tore into their struggling visitors from the off. Ben Seymour-Shove latched onto a loose ball just outside the box in eleventh minute and cracked in a first-time right foot effort that had supporters on the Clubhouse terrace leaping for joy but that celebration was a little premature as the fierce drive had only ruffled the side netting.
Seymour-Shove continued to trouble the visitor's defence going close again four minutes later as he cut in from the right and outbattled a defender to earn himself just enough space to get in a left foot effort from just inside the box that flew inches wide of keeper Adam Harrison's left-hand post. Danny Kelly should really have put the Ives in front only seconds later as the resulting goal kick was powerfully headed back down the park and a slip by Bradley Maslen-Jones allowed Kelly to get clear as keeper Harrison came to meet him it looked like Kelly only had to get a touch to knock the ball past him but the ball took a slight bobble off the surface and the big striker failed to make any contact allowing the ball to run out of play to safety.
Having pressed hard for an opener throughout the early stages Ives were stunned to fall behind to the visitors first meaningful attack in 17th minute. Daniel Summerfield found a little space on the left and delivered a low cross to the near post where Sam Cartwright did well to block Luke Rowe's initial strike. But the ball rebounded to the Greenbacks skipper and before anyone else could react he hammered the loose ball home from close range giving Martin Conway in the home goal no chance.
The setback knocked Ives out of their stride and they were unable to create another opportunity until 31st minute when Charlie De'ath got on the end of a Seymour-Shove corner from the right and sent in a looping header that beat the scrambling Harrison but landed on the crossbar and dropped in the mix where the keeper did very well to keep his wits about him enough to push the loose ball away just ahead of Ollie Snaith trying to force it home.
Ives had claims for a penalty waved away in 37th minute as Sam Cartwright appeared to be hauled to the ground by a defender when he looked favourite to get on the end of Robbie Parker's free kick from the right. The home side went even closer to levelling the game three minutes before the break when another Parker free kick from a similar position was only half cleared by Maslen-Jones. The ball dropped to Jarvis Wilson on the edge of the box who showed remarkable technique for a centre back as he struck an excellent dipping volley from just outside the box. The ball was arrowing into the roof of the net only for Harrison to hurl himself acrobatically to his left to fingertip it over the top.
There was still time before the break for both sides to be reduced to ten men as Snaith reacted badly to being brought down by Ricardo Dudley on the half way line. The initial foul would probably have brought the Greenbacks defender a yellow card but he then followed up by grabbing Snaith around the neck the Ives man reacted leaving the pair hugging each other somewhat like two tiring boxers both looking for the bell at the end of a round. As is normal in such circumstances other players from both sides joined in as both additional adversaries and peace makers. After the melee had settled both of the initial protagonists received straight reds from referee Giovanni Marasca and the worst of the additional adversaries Maslen-Jones picked up a yellow.
With something now to defend the visitors came out for the second period with two solid banks of four and a willing lone striker in Montel Gibson. Not surprisingly the hosts continued to enjoy the majority of possession but were finding it hard to break down their stubborn opponents. It took until just after the hour before they worked Harrison again this time the keeper plunging to his right to tip around a Wilson header. Ben Jackson had delivered a deep teasing cross into the box which Cartwright had headed back from beyond the far post Wilson met his header well from twelve yards but could not beat the agile Greenbacks keeper.
Manager Marheineke made his only change of the afternoon in 68th minute sending on Newman for Ben Baker who after enjoying the counter attacking game at Kettering where his pace had really come into play had found it much harder to find any space amongst the mass ranks of the Greenbacks.
The equaliser did carry a little luck when it finally arrived fifteen minutes from time Munashe Sundire drove at the visitor's back line before exchanging passes with Parker. Sundire's return pass to put Parker away into the box looked a little heavy but even with Maslen-Jones trying to shield the ball out of play the Ives skipper would not give it up sliding in around the Greenbacks defender to hammer in a cross that rebounded off the chest of the unfortunate Barry Fitzharris and entered the net.
With the game now level and one point not really sufficient for the visitors in their quest to close the gap between themselves and safety they were forced to come out of their shell a little in the last ten minutes. In 81st minute Summerfield combined well with substitute Jake Whitmore on the right before the Greenbacks sub drove in a low cross that just evaded Gibson sliding in at the back post.
Seymour-Shove was brought down just outside the box in 84th minute, but the free kick came to nothing. Three minutes later Newman combined well with Kelly on the left to create a bit of space for Parker to deliver the ball into the box. Cartwright rose above the defence at the back post and directed his header down into the mix just inches in front of Newman who had continued his run into the box.
Only a minute later the Greenbacks went close to snatching an unlikely victory as a Rowe corner from the left was headed goal wards by Fitzharris, Jackson was on hand to knock the ball away from almost off the goal line but it fell to Rowe who delivered another dangerous cross to the near post where Gibson flicked it inches over the top.
The visitor's will again feel hard done by as lady luck again deserted them as the game entered added time. Keeper Harrison sprinted from his line to just beat Newman to a clip through from Sundire. But the keeper's momentum on the damp turf took him sliding outside the box. The eagle-eyed officials spotted his misdemeanour and the obligatory red card for denying a goal scoring opportunity followed. With no substitute keeper on the bench centre back Maslen-Jones was forced to don the gauntlets. Unfortunately for the emergency stopper his first task was to pick the ball out of the net as Parker's driven free kick beat everyone in the crowded box and arrived at the back post where an unmarked Jackson had time to take a touch before slamming the ball home to claim his first goal on his home debut for the Ives.
There was still time for the visitors to have one last chance to get something out of the game as they won a corner in the fifth added minute allowing Maslen-Jones to join his eight remaining colleagues in the Ives box. The ball fell to late substitute Iyseden Christie who saw his close-range effort blocked and hacked to safety to allow the hosts to claim a very hard fought three points that moves them a little further away from the drop zone and maintains the momentum with the busy Christmas period looming.


Revive a tired wood vanity with this step-by-step painting tutorial.
If your bathroom vanity has gone dingy with heavy use and exposure to moisture—or it's just looking dated—paint can come to the rescue by offering an easy way to refresh your storage piece. Yes, you can successfully paint both solid wood or engineered wood, no matter whether the bathroom cabinets are unfinished, sealed, or previously painted. Careful surface preparation, meticulous technique, and the right products are key to professional-quality results. Get started with our thorough guide on how to paint bathroom cabinets, and you'll find all the tools you need to give that vanity a beautiful, durable new look.
Lay drop cloths on the floor around the bathroom cabinets to protect it from sanding dust and paint. Remove all items from the cabinets and temporarily store them elsewhere.
• If the hinges of the cabinet doors are mounted with clips, unclip the side of each door hinge mounted to the interior, then lift each door from the cabinet.
• If the hinges are mounted with screws, loosen with a screwdriver the screws that secure each cabinet door hinge to the cabinet. (There's usually one set of screws securing the hinge to the door and another set securing the opposite side of the hinge to the cabinet interior.) Store screws in a safe place and then pull each door away from the bathroom cabinets, along with its hinges.
Set the doors and hinges aside where they won't get splashed with paint.
Remove the cabinet drawers, starting with the top-most one. Pull out the drawer as far as possible (it will naturally stop rolling forward when the wheels reach the end of the drawer rail). Tilt the drawer downward and toward you to lift its wheels off the rail, then pull the drawer straight out to remove it. Set drawers safely aside.
Remove door and drawer hardware with a screwdriver. (The screws that secure each pull or knob are usually located on the back of the door or drawer face.) Lift hardware from the front of the door or drawer and set it all aside safely away from the paint.
Use painter's tape to cover any bathroom cabinet surfaces you don't want to paint, such as the underside of the vanity top, and any exposed wall areas adjacent to the cabinet. Tape old newspaper to the inside of the bathroom cabinets unless you plan to paint the interior as well.
After donning gloves and a respirator, dilute one-quarter cup of trisodium phosphate (TSP) in one gallon of warm water in a bucket. Then vigorously scrub down the outer and inner cabinet frame, the door and drawer fronts, and, if desired, the door backs, with a sponge saturated in the TSP solution. Make a second pass over the cleaned surfaces with a water-dampened sponge to remove the TSP solution. Towel-dry well, and then air-dry completely.
• If sanding an unfinished cabinet, make single pass over the cabinet surfaces with 220-grit sandpaper.
• If sanding a cabinet topped with paint or a clear protective sealer, make a first pass with a medium-grit (120- to 150-grit) sandpaper over the cabinet surfaces to remove the clear coat or any peeling paint. (You'll know if your cabinet has a clear protective sealant if the coating flakes off when you lightly scrape an inconspicuous area with a knife.) Then, finish with a light sanding using 220-grit sandpaper.
Vacuum sanding dust from the cabinet using a dust brush attachment. Wipe down the sanded areas with a water-dampened cloth, then make a final pass over the cabinet with a tack cloth.
To prime the cabinet, pour a small amount of shellac or oil-based primer into a paint tray. Both shellac and oil-based primers are generally more effective than latex primer in defending bathroom cabinets against moisture, but shellac primers minimize brush marks more effectively than oil-based primers. Plus, it affords more flexibility: You can use either an oil-based or water-based paint over it!
Load the roller cover with primer, then work it over the outer and/or inner cabinet frame in the direction of the wood grain. Next, tackle flat areas of the door and drawer fronts. For grooves in door and drawer fronts, apply primer with a natural bristle brush to better reach recesses and tight corners.
Let the first coat of primer cure according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Repeat Steps 9 and 10 to prime the cabinet door backs, if painting them.
To paint the cabinet, pour a small amount of oil- or a latex-based paint from a can into a paint tray. (The best paint for wood located in moisture-intense environments bathrooms and kitchens is oil-based, but mold- and mildew-proof latex-based interior paints—available from Zinsser and other brands—can be swapped in for oil paint if you prefer a faster-drying paint that emits fewer volatile organic compounds.) When choosing paint, note that semi-gloss and high-gloss repel moisture more effectively than flat and eggshell, and darker shades hide dirt better than lighter colors.
• If rolling on oil-based paint, opt for a natural fiber, polyester blend, or wool roller cover.
• If applying latex paint, use a synthetic roller cover.
Load the roller cover with paint, then apply a base coat to the outer and/or inner cabinet frame. Next, paint your bathroom cabinets' flat areas (the door and drawer fronts) in the direction of the wood grain.
• If working with oil-based paint, use a natural bristle brush to paint grooves in the door and drawer fronts.
• If it's latex-based paint, use a synthetic bristle brush.
Let the base coat dry according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Give your bathroom cabinets one to two additional coats of paint over the base as needed to achieve the desired depth of color. Allow each coat to dry fully before applying the next, then let the top coat dry fully.
Repeat Steps 12 and 13 to paint the cabinet door backs, if desired.
Discard the drop cloths and remove the painter's tape from the cabinet. Retrieve the hinge screws (or clips) to re-attach the door hinges to the cabinet. Reinstall the cabinet doors and drawers as you removed them, then re-attach the door and drawer hardware.


text:
By Philip Whiteside, international news reporter
The war in Ukraine is of a kind the world has never seen before.
While there have been many brutal conflicts since the end of the Second World War, Ukraine has had all of the violence but has been carried out in the hi-tech age - making it an examination of modern warfare.
As Sky News takes part in a discussion forum at the Imperial War Museum on what makes Ukraine's conflict different from those seen in recent years and decades, here is a look back at what has happened so far and how Sky reported it.
Ukraine: A Modern War will be live on Sky News from 7.30pm on Tuesday, 1 November and will also be available on the Sky News YouTube channel.
THE BUILD-UP
21 OCTOBER 2021 - 23 FEBRUARY 2022
It was back in October 2021 when satellite images first began to show signs of a Russian troop build-up close to the Ukraine border.
Even before 2022 had begun, Sky's Stuart Ramsay had visited Ukrainian lines to see how its soldiers were ready for whatever Vladimir Putin might unleash.
In early January, Deborah Haynes reported from Ukraine about how a growing reserve army was 'getting ready' amid fears of Russian attack.
Despite all the signs, many in the West did not believe that it would lead to all-out war.
Russia's ambassador to London told Dominic Waghorn on 11 January that Russia had no ambition to invade.
Mark Stone reported later in the month how President Joe Biden said he thought Russia would mount an attack on Ukraine, despite ongoing negotiations.
By early February, speculation was at fever pitch amid warnings Russia was preparing some kind of false flag event, as a pretext to starting a conflict. It was part of what became an increasingly hard-fought information war.
With pressure building, on the eve of the invasion, Ramsay was in Kharkiv where he found people in Ukraine's second city scared but determined to push back against their neighbour's "imperial ambitions".
Read more about the information war here
THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCE
14 FEBRUARY 2022 - PRESENT
The price of many commodities had already been rising after the end of the pandemic brought about increasing demand, but when the threat of war began to loom in October, the costs of many goods began to climb further.
As the risk rose, oil and metals, both of which are produced in large quantities by Russia, surged in price.
On 14 February, those sustained higher prices, coupled with the uncertainty of a potential future conflict, filtered through to the markets, with billions wiped off the value of shares in a few days.
The rise in the price of energy had knock-on effects, with food prices starting to spiral as the costs of its production leapt as a result of hikes in fertiliser and transport.
Further fuelling the food price rise was the threat of shortages due to Ukraine and Russia being major suppliers of wheat, barley and vegetable oils.
Surging food prices and a block on Ukrainian grain led to fears of malnutrition or even starvation in countries that rely on imported food from the region, as explained by Sky journalists including Dominic Waghorn and Ed Conway.
IMF warns of social unrest as Russia's actions damage global COVID recovery
'Mass death' of children if no global aid as conflict exacerbates worst drought in 40 years
On 24 February, the West woke up to find that Moscow had invaded Ukraine.
As Sky News launched its ongoing live blog, covering every update from the conflict, correspondents were on the scene in Ukraine, around the world and in the UK to gauge instant reaction from people across the globe, with many leaders instantly offering more in military support for Kyiv.
As they did so, Sky analysed what might happen next, and how it might affect the country going forward, such as Ian King's look at Boris Johnson's sanctions package.
The invasion began shortly before 3am UK time when Russian President Vladimir Putin announced on state TV the start of a "special military operation".
Then, as the day went on, Sky used images supplied by agencies around Ukraine to bring home the horror of the unfolding invasion.
More about the military aid offered to Ukraine here
The Ukrainian people, realising their country was at risk, fled in massive numbers across borders to the west.
Their departure threw up all kinds of issues that are still playing out, not least what the UK should do.
Stuart Ramsay, who was in Kyiv as the invasion started, reported on the long queues of traffic as people attempted to leave the capital.
Just two days later, with 12,000 having fled the country, according to the UN, Adam Parsons was on the border with Poland to see the families torn apart as the exodus got under way.
Within weeks, Sky's Lisa Holland found that, despite the thousands arriving from across the border, refugees were receiving a warm welcome in Poland.
More about the extent of the refugee crisis here
ALLIES REACT
While immediately condemning Russia's invasion, it took a day or two before a consensus began to emerge over what action should be taken. In the days that followed, what surprised some was the extent to which countries that had previously been relatively ambivalent about the threat of war, embraced Ukraine's call for support, with pledges of arms and aid.
What also became clear was which countries were willing to back Ukraine and which would either side with Russia or sit on the fence - putting every country on the planet into one of three camps.
Sky News was there to capture all the latest developments as the UK and other Western powers reacted to what they called Russian aggression.
We also made sure the politicians who were making the decisions, like then-foreign secretary Liz Truss, accounted for their decisions.
Find out how celebrities became involved
THE FIGHTBACK STEPS UP
Having been initially on the back foot, Ukraine took the fight to the Russians and began to push back, bogging down the Russian advance within a few days.
Widely recognised in achieving this was the bravery of Ukraine's forces and their use of US and UK supplied weapons, such as the Javelin and NLAW anti-tank systems.
As the fighting enveloped the capital Kyiv, Sky journalists were at the frontline, capturing footage of the misery of those caught up in the violence, and reporting on the latest developments.
Among them was Sky's Stuart Ramsay, who was with a team that was ambushed by a Russian "death squad" on the outskirts of the Ukrainian capital. Ramsay was struck in the back with a bullet while camera operator Richie Mockler took two rounds to his body armour. Ramsay recovered and flew back to the UK with his team, before later returning to Ukraine.
Another report was from Deborah Haynes, who visited a hospital and saw the children who had been brought in as victims of Russian shelling and attacks.
Meanwhile, John Sparks watched as thousands fled from Dnipro, cramming on to the few trains heading west to safety.
Sky's reports began increasingly featuring Ukraine's president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who had been keeping a lower profile than might have been expected in the build-up to the invasion. Within hours, Mr Zelenskyy's updates were the channel through which Ukraine's suffering was amplified and articulated to the world.
Why Volodymyr Zelenskky has been key to Ukraine's support
SWELLING PUBLIC SUPPORT
Around 28 FEBRUARY 2022 ONWARDS
All across allied countries, and in many places in the rest of the world, people came out to show their support for the Ukrainian people, with many wanting to know what else they could do to help.
At the same time, pressure grew on the UK government to do more to allow people to help refugees.
With so many pouring out of Ukraine, attention switched to how the government would ensure Ukrainians could find shelter in the UK. Ministers came in for criticism over delays in setting up a scheme to help people who wanted to host a Ukrainian family in need of a home.
Once a scheme had been set up, problems remained. Ali Fortescue reported on how a minister who had taken in a refugee admitted there were issues that still had to be ironed out.
Sky continued to follow the stories of some of those who began to settle into a new life, far from the frontline, but with it always on their minds.
More on the wave of sympathy felt for refugees
KHERSON CAPTURED
The first major city (and still one of the only cities) to be captured by the Russians was taken after a relatively short battle while Ukraine's forces were fending off the invasion around Kyiv and maintaining their positions in Donbas.
The Russians then began a process of Russification, with intelligence reports indicating a Kremlin-backed mayor would be installed and the rouble introduced.
Professor Michael Clarke, former director general of the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) and a security analyst, was part of a team of experts who provided analysis for Sky News viewers and users about Russia's apparent strategy.
Throughout the course of the war's early stages, it was critical to ensure an accurate picture of what was happening on the ground was being presented. Essential to that was the process of verification.
How verification became a crucial tool
SIEGE OF MARIUPOL
5 MARCH - 17 MAY 2022
While Russia quickly seized a large portion of territory in the south, troops were frustrated by a contingent of Ukrainian forces which held out in Mariupol.
The fight for the city - which was gradually encircled and then choked - would go on to typify Ukrainian resolve and the urban warfare of the type that has been so destructive in this conflict, but has bogged down Russian forces.
As the fighting dragged on in Mariupol, the city was devastated by being in the crosshairs of the battle between the invaders and the defenders.
Video footage and pictures obtained by Sky News revealed the extent of the damage caused in the city.
At the same time, Sky News reported on those who were caught up in what they described as "hell", including Associated Press video journalist Mstyslav Chernov.
Some who made it out spoke to Sally Lockwood, but tens of thousands were said to be trapped after thousands had died.
Among those battling to defend Mariupol was a small contingent of Britons who had signed up to fight for Ukraine. But as Russian forces pressed forward, some were captured.
Russia's relentlessness led to accusations of atrocities, with allegations that a theatre and a maternity hospital were hit. Mark Stone reported on a claim a Russian bomb hit a makeshift hospital in the Azovstal steel plant - which had become a refuge for civilians and fighters holding out.
Eventually, a deal was struck to allow civilians to be evacuated from the steel plant, and it was a matter of days before the remaining forces surrendered and were shipped to Russia-controlled areas where they were imprisoned.
GAS CRISIS LOOMS
8 MARCH 2022 - PRESENT
Gas prices started to rise soon after the invasion, but unlike other commodities, they have remained high.
This is because of the extent to which Europe was reliant on Russian gas, with the energy source increasingly becoming a weaponised tool in the proxy war between Russia and the West.
Early on in the war, climate correspondent Hannah Thomas Peter explained how Europe's reliance on gas could spell trouble ahead.
Siobhan Robbins found how Lithuania was seeking a solution to this as part of its support for Ukraine in May.
But others didn't find it so easy, with climate reporter Victoria Seabrook exploring how the war meant countries like Germany were being forced to postpone their carbon targets by returning to coal.
Ukraine was partly buffered from the gas crisis by its reliance on nuclear power but, as the war went on, that too caused unforeseen consequences.
How the nuclear threat has dominated the war
WAR OF ATTRITION
As Russia's progress was stalled, it began reverting to the war of attrition that experts say is its historical fall-back position, with town after town and city after city being pummelled and left in ruins.
In the immediate firing line was Kyiv, which faced indiscriminate shelling, putting the urban population on tenterhooks.
Alex Crawford visited the suburbs of Kyiv that were under fire, and found bodies being stretchered out of Irpin, and front gardens turned into bomb craters.
In Chernihiv, she reported as 150,000 people were cut off and unable to escape and nurseries were destroyed by shelling.
In Kharkiv, John Sparks saw a population under attack and forced to shelter underground, where they could become entombed if hit by missile fire.
Near Izyum, he saw schools that had been obliterated by precision strikes and health clinics reduced to rubble.
As Ukrainian forces continued to defend themselves, exploitation of technology available to both sides, or otherwise, began to shift the advantage.
How technology has made the difference
SHIFT TO DONBAS
26 MARCH 2022 - PRESENT
While Russian forces had been employed elsewhere, the region they had been secretly supporting for nearly a decade saw only limited fighting.
But, at around the end of March, having failed in their aim of taking Kyiv in a blitzkrieg, the aims of the Kremlin began to contract. Russian forces gradually withdrew from the Kyiv region and shifted their focus to the Donbas - the region that historically has more Russian speakers than other parts of Ukraine.
A large part of the Ukrainian military had been dug in here for years to stop any advance by separatist forces and the frontlines had not moved significantly for some time.
Within days of the Donbas theatre ramping up, there were reports that the Ukrainians were heavily outnumbered, as Russia flooded the region with its forces.
John Sparks reported from a hospital in Kramatorsk where dozens of soldiers were being brought in daily from the frontline, with surgeons struggling to cope.
As usual, it was the civilian population which also bore the brunt.
WAR CRIMES REVEALED
3 APRIL 2022 - PRESENT
As Russian troops pulled back from around Kyiv and other areas of the north, testimony began to emerge showing the extent to which they brutalised the inhabitants of the towns and villages they had occupied.
What was found was evidence of widescale alleged war crimes. It was not easy, though, for those who went into those towns and villages to investigate, with booby traps reportedly left among the corpses.
Deborah Haynes reported that mass graves had been uncovered and Dominic Waghorn explained how with the name Bucha now being notorious for a new low point of Russian depravity, international efforts were getting under way to make sure those responsible would not go unpunished.
Verification work by Sky's Forensic Journalism Team helped debunk Russia's claims it was not responsible - including rebuttals made directly to Sky journalists like Martha Kelner.
Ukrainian police and prosecutors are now investigating tens of thousands of allegations.
As more allegations emerged, Western governments piled more pressure on Russia, by sanctioning increasing numbers of individuals with links to the Kremlin.
How sanctions targeted individuals like never before
BATTLES FOR LUHANSK
19 MARCH - 3 JULY 2022
As the Mariupol siege came to an end, the focus switched to the Luhansk region and the city of Severodonetsk, the largest urban area still in Ukrainian hands in the oblast.
Alex Crawford went into the city to find out what life was like for those who had decided to stay, despite Russian bombardment.
In Soledar, nearby, she found a village that had been terrorised by random carpet-bombing.
In the face of such a sustained assault, Ukrainan forces pulled back and, within a few days, the Battle for Severodonetsk was over and the battle for the neighbouring town of Lysychansk was under way.
While fighting raged in the town, Alex Crawford reported from a secret location near Izyum where members of the 93rd Brigade were striking against Russian forces using a 60-year-old missile launcher.
As Russian forces closed in on Lysychansk, Crawford found people clinging to life as black smoke billowed all around them.
Stuart Ramsay found that the atmosphere in Donbas had changed, with people sensing that Russia had momentum there.
HEAVY WEAPONS ARRIVE
4 JULY 2022 - PRESENT
For some time, Ukraine had been saying that in order to fend off Russia, it needed the heavy weapons which had been promised by Western allies.
Within days of the arrival of the first US-supplied HIMARS rocket system, Ukraine was proudly proclaiming its successes - the first in a large number of suggested successes against Russian targets, which analysts say have started to hinder Russia's ability to hold on to territory.
A particular focus of the attacks appear to be targets around Kherson, with new rocket system strikes aimed at affecting Russia's ability to resupply.
Similarly, other rocket systems and artillery, including those supplied by the UK, were also said to be making a difference.
When Alistair Bunkall made contact with sources inside Kherson, they confirmed there were signs the officers had already fled from the town, in the face of an upcoming Ukrainian counterattack.
£4-6K ENERGY BILL FEAR
4 AUGUST 2022 - PRESENT
With fears over the spiralling cost of living, some analysts have questioned how long it can be before the rocketing bills and the cost of the war will lead to a loss of resolve among European countries, and whether there will be further political turmoil beyond the resignations of Boris Johnson and Liz Truss.
Driving the concerns in the UK have been estimates of what the energy price cap - which is the price many families pay for their energy bills - will be in the next few years.
At one stage, bills were projected to reach more than £6,000 a year.
While the government appears to have headed off the threat of bills that would be unaffordable for many families - at least until April next year - anxieties remain, with inflation expected to stay high.
Sky News has followed every development on the cost of living crisis, demanding answers from politicians and explaining how it affects viewers and users.
How the war has added to the cost of living crisis
UKRAINE COUNTERATTACK
8 SEPTEMBER 2022 - PRESENT
By the start of September, Ukraine had spent several weeks carrying out operations to push out Russian forces from around the southern city of Kherson.
It was widely anticipated, as President Zelenskyy was among those who discussed it publicly.
What was not anticipated, starting on 6 September according to the ISW, was a lightning counterattack in the north, in Kharkiv oblast, which ripped a hole in Russia's defences, forcing them to retreat rapidly.
In fact, analysts such as the UK's MoD said the pull-back was so sudden, some of Moscow's forces "fled in panic", abandoning equipment as they left, before rallying on the far side of the Oskil River.
On the spot as Ukraine's forces swept into villages that had been hurriedly abandoned was Deborah Haynes, who witnessed the discovery of mass graves and the reaction of victorious Ukrainian troops.
Life in a liberated Ukrainian village
Amid fallout in Russia over Ukraine's advances, Mr Putin ordered a mass mobilisation of ex-military civilians in Russia, which sent thousands fleeing across the country's borders in a bid to avoid the draft, and prompting violence.
Dominic Waghorn, in Georgia, found engineers, IT experts and even a physicist among those escaping across the border, indicating Russia faced a brain drain.
Despite Ukraine's counterattack, Mr Putin pressed on and, after a series of referenda regarded in the West as a sham, annexed the four Ukrainian regions of Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson, even though much of the territory was under Ukraine's control.
The Ukrainian town left in tatters
It didn't stop the counter-offensive and using Western weapons, such as the UK-supplied rockets launchers seen in action by Deborah Haynes, Ukraine began pressing forward in Kherson and other areas, as well as further into the Donbas.
A major turning point came when a Moscow-built bridge between Russia and Crimea was attacked and partially destroyed, prompting an angry response from the Kremlin, which accused Ukraine. It was quickly followed by a campaign of bombing and airstrikes, often featuring kamikaze drone attacks, of Ukrainian infrastructure and cities.
Dominic Waghorn says that while a move by Mr Putin to impose martial law in occupied areas of Ukraine may make the Russian leader look strong, the "charade is crumbling".
Russia-Ukraine war entering new phase as winter approaches
Words, digital production and data journalism: Philip Whiteside, international news reporter
Graphics and design: Bria Anderson, junior designer; Brian Gillingham, senior designer
THE INFO WAR
Starting before even the first shot had been fired, the US used satellite images of Russian troop movements as a way of calling Moscow's bluff, ahead of a potential invasion. Since then, intelligence leaks and attempts to control the media and the message have ramped up as the war has progressed and have been used to a greater extent than any war since probably WWII.
In February, before the invasion, Sky News' data and forensic team showed how the release of satellite images of the Russian troop build-up revealed what lay in store.
Soon after, Sky's Deborah Haynes reported on how the Foreign Office had released a public statement warning that the Russian government was looking to install a pro-Russian leader in Kyiv - a leak of intelligence that was viewed as unusually frank and upfront - and on the eve of the war she revealed how the amount of disinformation being circulated in and around Ukraine had doubled in a week.
Early in the conflict, the Ministry of Defence began putting out daily tweets detailing developments in the war - in a bid to seize the narrative, early enough in the day for ample pick-up. This was used widely by the media and reported daily by the Sky News Ukraine war live updates page.
Read more about the early information war in this Deborah Haynes piece from February here.
While there have been many examples of countries supplying weapons to other countries fighting their enemies, there have been few wars in which so much has been supplied to one country by so many.
Among the weapons supplied have been state-of-the-art military kit that has been relatively untested in battle. In part, this is because the equipment costs of tens of millions of dollars and the programmes around it are so secretive.
The way in which this hi-tech kit has been freely given to the Ukrainians to use is pretty much unprecedented.
As Joe Pike reported from Romania in April, Defence Secretary Ben Wallace said the UK was among those supplying large amounts of weaponry, with several of the UK's Mastiff troop transporters, which were designed to withstand Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) during the Afghan war, among the upcoming shipments.
Starstreak anti-aircraft missiles, 800 anti-tank missiles, helmets, and night vision goggles were also included in the consignment.
EXTENT OF THE EXODUS
The UN says at least 17 million people have crossed into or out of Ukraine as a result of the war - the largest land movement of people since the partition of India.
It took less than a month for the number who had fled their homes to reach 10 million.
Their arrival in many of Ukraine's neighbouring countries has put unprecedented strain on resources. In the UK, provisions for their arrival led to a political row and their presence will continue to cause social consequences for some time to come.
Among the first to arrive in the UK was Ilona Lemekha, who spoke to Becky Cotterill soon after landing on British shores.
But Sky News was quick to report on the difficulties that people who wanted to help other Ukrainian refugees were having.
Among them was Tony Kearne, who told Shamaan Freeman-Powell how he had spent more than £2,500 to provide a Ukrainian family with accommodation and vital necessities while they were waiting for the last of five visas to be processed.
CELEBRITY INVOLVEMENT
With countries around the world forced to state where their loyalties lie, it is perhaps inevitable that those in the public eye have been compelled to do so too.
Figures from across the music and acting world have spoken out against Putin's invasion in a way that will leave them permanently branded as anti-Kremlin, while many Russians have lost their links to the West because they have failed to condemn the Russian president's actions.
Celebrities like Angelina Jolie, U2, Ben Stiller, Jessica Chastain and Ellie Goulding have visited Ukraine. Ashton Kutcher and his Ukrainian born wife Mila Kunis raised millions to help refugees.
Celebrities like Benedict Cumberbatch used their status to attack the UK's response to the refugee crisis, and the Sherlock actor has also held a briefing with President Zelenskyy.
The Eurovision Song Contest in May was highly charged, with Russia being expelled and many entrants showing their solidarity with Ukraine. Kalush Orchestra, representing Ukraine, told Sky News they saw themselves as a mouthpiece for their beleaguered country. They went on to win the contest by a wide margin.
Meanwhile, Russian music conductor Valery Gergiev was forced to resign from Edinburgh International Festival over his links to Vladimir Putin, FIFA and UEFA suspended Russian clubs, Warner Brothers, Disney and Sony refused to air their films in Russia and Russian and Belarusian athletes were banned from a series of sporting events.
ZELENSKYY THE LEADER
Many had written off Volodymyr Zelenskyy as a clown before the war began, because of his past as a comedian, but the speed with which he took the fight to the parliaments and power rooms of the West, including to MPs in Westminster, took many by surprise.
Volodymyr Zelenskyy makes historic address to House of Commons
Resilient right from the off, refusing to be evacuated despite a US offer, he recently received an award from Boris Johnson for his leadership in which he was compared to Churchill, a symbolic comparison for the biggest European war since WW2.
His rise from actor to world statesman has been documented by Sky News which has spoken to him whenever he has been able to emerge from his bunker.
Sky's Alex Crawford was among the first journalists to have a one-to-one interview with him, just days after the conflict started, in which he told her his country cannot stop the war against Russia on its own.
Who is Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy?
Zelenskyy echoes Churchill in appeal to UK and vows to 'fight to the end'
Zelenskyy tells US Congress to 'remember' Pearl Harbor and 9/11
SYMPATHY FOR UKRAINIANS
The degree of sympathy for Ukrainians experiencing war, including the refugees, was unusual, especially in the aftermath of the Migrant Crisis of 2015, which left Europe split and increased suspicion of incomers in some quarters.
A possible reason for this were the echoes of WWII and how Ukraine's current experiences mirrors those of some eastern European countries during Nazi or Soviet invasions. Another reason may have been the ease with which many of the victims of the war could share their stories due to new technologies that directly connected those who could speak the same language with a mass audience.
Sky News was able to carry many of those messages from Ukrainians caught up in the fighting or fleeing, as they reached out for a connection, or through our reporting on the spot.
Among the stories told to Sky News were those of filmmaker Iryna Tsilyk, who spoke to producer Michael Greenfield; Svetlana Zorina, who spoke to the channel from Kherson; and the mothers and children like Anastasia and Yana, who spoke to Nick Martin on the Ukraine/Poland border.
Throughout it all, Sky News attempted to explain what was going on.
Again, private verification has been used extensively in conflicts since images became widely publicly available on the internet.
But even during the Syrian War, there was nowhere near the same degree of private verification as has been going on in the Ukraine war, with armies of open source intelligence (OSINT) enthusiasts and media workers actively attempting to prove or disprove Ukrainians or Russian claims about successes or otherwise.
Much of this is because of the location of Ukraine in Europe and the nature of Google Street View and the availability of images of locations.
Sky News was an early adopter of the techniques soon after the invasion in an attempt to determine the scale and extent of Russia's incursion.
Maps by our forensics team showed where Russian forces had entered Ukraine and where they had travelled to.
Further verification was carried out in the days after to check claims and counterclaims. This is something that has had to continue as the war has gone on as one side or the other - but particularly the Russians - have claimed locations have not been bombed or attacked when in fact they have.
Later in the conflict, Sky's Forensic Journalism Team tackled a number of individual incidents, to try to get to the facts behind the claims, including the sinking of Russian cruiser Moskva and an ambush of a Russian tank column.
In addition to the work carried out by Sky News, groups like Bellingcat and the Centre for Information Resilience have been documenting social media posts that disprove denials - almost all from Russia - about attacks and troop movements. And a group called Oryx has been using OSINT to verify the destruction of military equipment on both sides.
For more, see:
As online images show destroyed tanks and equipment on both sides, who is winning?
Drone video from village near Kyiv that shows Russian convoy 'ambushed'
What CCTV and satellite images tell us about shopping centre missile strike
THE NUCLEAR THREAT
Early on in the war, Vladimir Putin uttered phrases that sent shivers through Western leaders who were unable to determine if his threats amounted to an intention to use nuclear weapons.
As the war progressed, with memories of the Chernobyl disaster in mind, there were ongoing fears that Ukraine's nuclear plants would be drawn into the war, resulting in atomic disaster.
Even before the conflict started, as Russia massed its forces near the Belarusian border to the north, Sky's Dominic Waghorn saw how Chernobyl offered the potential invaders the shortest route, if they would risk stirring up radioactive dust.
It turned out to be a risk that they would take.
But greater fears were stirred by fighting around Ukraine's biggest nuclear plant at Zaporizhzhia, with Deborah Haynes seeing the growing fear of those living nearby of a disaster.
The threat of impending nuclear conflict then re-emerged when, on the eve of the UN General Assembly in September, Mr Putin issued a threat to use all weapons at Russia's disposal, adding "this is not a bluff".
THE LATEST TECHNOLOGY
While the cyber war has not played out to the same degree as might have been expected, new technologies have made a significant difference on the ground.
Satellites, drones, mobile networks and high-spec missile launchers that are able to hit a sixpence from 80km have all been deployed.
Sky analysis has highlighted how these new and emerging weapons and technologies are having an impact on the battlefield, on earth and in space.
Satellites as small as a shoebox are giving the public eyes and ears on a conflict
The cheap but 'lethal' Turkish drones helping Ukraine
Mobile networks being weaponised to target troops
SANCTIONS AND OLIGARCHS
Again, while sanctions on warmongers are not new and their use to prevent or limit warfare is far from unique, the extent of sanctions used in this war is again unprecedented.
Russia is by far the most sanctioned country in the world right now and what is also unusual is the extent to which private individuals have had so powerful sanctions placed on their personal wealth, with tales of yachts being seized around the world.
Among the assets this affected was Roman Abramovich-owned Chelsea Football Club, which was placed under restrictions until a new buyer could be found.
Sky News followed all the developments until the sale, as well as how other major UK-based assets have been affected by the sanctions.
As part of a series of podcasts helping to explain the war, then Sky political correspondent Kate McCann discussed the oligarchs and why they were facing such tough sanctions.
Chelsea bidders hit with demand for extra funds to secure £2.5bn charity windfall
Liverpool 'saviour' Broughton eyes key role in Chelsea rescue bid
Ministers warned off 'plot to seize oligarch's £300m London home'
COST OF LIVING IMPACT
While it could be argued the Yom Kippur War of 1973 had major lasting impact on the standards of living of British people in the decade that followed and even into the 1980s, it took time to play out.
The speed with which the Ukraine war, admittedly in the aggravated aftermath of COVID, has had an inflationary impact on living costs has not been seen for at least five decades and probably beyond.
While many commodities have since come down in price, gas remains excessively high. The prediction is that it will reduce living standards for Britons for potentially years.
Sky News has been documenting and analysing how the war is having a huge impact on the lives of ordinary Britons, due to rising prices.
Ashish Joshi found that care home providers are warning the energy crisis may force them to shut down some of their residential care homes unless there is urgent government intervention.
Thomas Moore revealed that pensioners will be left with less than £11 a day from April as energy bills soar.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
/** @file SusceptibilityCalculator.cpp
 *
 *  @author Kristofer Björnson
 */

#include "TBTK/Functions.h"
#include "TBTK/RPA/MatsubaraSusceptibilityCalculator.h"
#include "TBTK/RPA/RPASusceptibilityCalculator.h"
#include "TBTK/UnitHandler.h"

#include <complex>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

//const complex<double> i(0, 1);

namespace TBTK{

RPASusceptibilityCalculator::RPASusceptibilityCalculator(
	const RPA::MomentumSpaceContext &momentumSpaceContext,
	SusceptibilityCalculator::Algorithm algorithm
){
	switch(algorithm){
	case SusceptibilityCalculator::Algorithm::Lindhard:
		susceptibilityCalculator = new LindhardSusceptibilityCalculator(
			momentumSpaceContext
		);
	case SusceptibilityCalculator::Algorithm::Matsubara:
		susceptibilityCalculator = new MatsubaraSusceptibilityCalculator(
			momentumSpaceContext
		);
	default:
		TBTKExit(
			"RPASusceptibilityCalculator::RPASusceptibilityCalculator()",
			"Unknown algorithm.",
			"This should never happen, contact the developer."
		);
	}

	U = 0.;
	Up = 0.;
	J = 0.;
	Jp = 0.;

	susceptibilityCalculator->setEnergyType(
		SusceptibilityCalculator::EnergyType::Complex
	);

	interactionAmplitudesAreGenerated = false;
}

RPASusceptibilityCalculator::RPASusceptibilityCalculator(
	SusceptibilityCalculator &susceptibilityCalculator
//	LindhardSusceptibilityCalculator &lindhardSusceptibilityCalculator
){
	this->susceptibilityCalculator = susceptibilityCalculator.createSlave();

	U = 0.;
	Up = 0.;
	J = 0.;
	Jp = 0.;

	interactionAmplitudesAreGenerated = false;
}

RPASusceptibilityCalculator::~RPASusceptibilityCalculator(){
	if(susceptibilityCalculator != nullptr)
		delete susceptibilityCalculator;
}

RPASusceptibilityCalculator* RPASusceptibilityCalculator::createSlave(){
	return new RPASusceptibilityCalculator(
		*susceptibilityCalculator
	);
}

extern "C" {
	void zgetrf_(
		int* M,
		int *N,
		complex<double> *A,
		int *lda,
		int *ipiv,
		int *info
	);
	void zgetri_(
		int *N,
		complex<double> *A,
		int *lda,
		int *ipiv,
		complex<double> *work,
		int *lwork,
		int *info
	);
}

inline void RPASusceptibilityCalculator::invertMatrix(
	complex<double> *matrix,
	unsigned int dimensions
){
	int numRows = dimensions;
	int numCols = dimensions;

	int *ipiv = new int[min(numRows, numCols)];
	int lwork = numCols*numCols;
	complex<double> *work = new complex<double>[lwork];
	int info;

	zgetrf_(&numRows, &numCols, matrix, &numRows, ipiv, &info);
	zgetri_(&numRows, matrix, &numRows, ipiv, work, &lwork, &info);

	delete [] ipiv;
	delete [] work;
}

void RPASusceptibilityCalculator::multiplyMatrices(
	complex<double> *matrix1,
	complex<double> *matrix2,
	complex<double> *result,
	unsigned int dimensions
){
	for(unsigned int n = 0; n < dimensions*dimensions; n++)
		result[n] = 0.;

	for(unsigned int row = 0; row < dimensions; row++)
		for(unsigned int col = 0; col < dimensions; col++)
			for(unsigned int n = 0; n < dimensions; n++)
				result[dimensions*col + row] += matrix1[dimensions*n + row]*matrix2[dimensions*col + n];
}

void printMatrix(complex<double> *matrix, unsigned int dimension){
	for(unsigned int r = 0; r < dimension; r++){
		for(unsigned int c = 0; c < dimension; c++){
			Streams::out << setw(20) << matrix[dimension*c + r];
		}
		Streams::out << "\n";
	}
	Streams::out << "\n";
}

vector<vector<vector<complex<double>>>> RPASusceptibilityCalculator::rpaSusceptibilityMainAlgorithm(
	const DualIndex &kDual,
	const vector<int> &orbitalIndices,
	const vector<InteractionAmplitude> &interactionAmplitudes
){
	TBTKAssert(
		orbitalIndices.size() == 4,
		"SusceptibilityCalculator::rpaSusceptibilityMainAlgorithm()",
		"Four orbital indices required but " << orbitalIndices.size()
		<< " supplied.",
		""
	);

	const RPA::MomentumSpaceContext &momentumSpaceContext
		= susceptibilityCalculator->getMomentumSpaceContext();
	unsigned int numOrbitals = momentumSpaceContext.getNumOrbitals();
	unsigned int matrixDimension = numOrbitals*numOrbitals;
	//Denominator in the expression chi_RPA = chi_0/(1 - U\chi_0)
	vector<complex<double>*> denominators;

	//Initialize denominator matrices to unit matrices
	for(
		unsigned int e = 0;
		e < energies.size();
		e++
	){
		//Create denominator matrix
		denominators.push_back(
			new complex<double>[matrixDimension*matrixDimension]
		);
		//Initialize denominator matrices to unit matrices
		for(
			unsigned int c = 0;
			c < matrixDimension*matrixDimension;
			c++
		){
			denominators.at(e)[c] = 0.;
		}
		for(unsigned int c = 0; c < matrixDimension; c++)
			denominators.at(e)[c*matrixDimension + c] = 1.;
	}

	//Calculate denominator = (1 + U\chi_0)
	for(unsigned int n = 0; n < interactionAmplitudes.size(); n++){
		const InteractionAmplitude &interactionAmplitude = interactionAmplitudes.at(n);

		int c0 = interactionAmplitude.getCreationOperatorIndex(0).at(0);
		int c1 = interactionAmplitude.getCreationOperatorIndex(1).at(0);
		int a0 = interactionAmplitude.getAnnihilationOperatorIndex(0).at(0);
		int a1 = interactionAmplitude.getAnnihilationOperatorIndex(1).at(0);
		complex<double> amplitude = interactionAmplitude.getAmplitude();

		if(abs(amplitude) < 1e-10)
			continue;

		int row = numOrbitals*c0 + a1;
		for(unsigned int c = 0; c < numOrbitals; c++){
			for(unsigned int d = 0; d < numOrbitals; d++){
				int col = numOrbitals*c + d;

				vector<complex<double>> susceptibility
					= susceptibilityCalculator->calculateSusceptibility(
						kDual,
						{c1, a0, (int)d, (int)c}
					);
				for(
					unsigned int i = 0;
					i < energies.size();
					i++
				){
					denominators.at(i)[
						matrixDimension*col + row
					] += amplitude*susceptibility.at(i);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	//Calculate (1 + U\chi_0)^{-1}
	for(unsigned int n = 0; n < energies.size(); n++)
		invertMatrix(denominators.at(n), matrixDimension);

	//Initialize \chi_RPA
	vector<vector<vector<complex<double>>>> rpaSusceptibility;
	for(unsigned int orbital2 = 0; orbital2 < numOrbitals; orbital2++){
		rpaSusceptibility.push_back(vector<vector<complex<double>>>());
		for(unsigned int orbital3 = 0; orbital3 < numOrbitals; orbital3++){
			rpaSusceptibility[orbital2].push_back(vector<complex<double>>());
			for(
				unsigned int e = 0;
				e < energies.size();
				e++
			){
				rpaSusceptibility[orbital2][orbital3].push_back(0.);
			}
		}
	}

	//Calculate \chi_RPA = \chi_0/(1 + U\chi_0)
	for(unsigned int c = 0; c < numOrbitals; c++){
		for(unsigned int d = 0; d < numOrbitals; d++){
			vector<complex<double>> susceptibility
				= susceptibilityCalculator->calculateSusceptibility(
					kDual,
					{
						orbitalIndices.at(0),
						orbitalIndices.at(1),
						(int)d,
						(int)c
					}
				);
			for(unsigned int orbital2 = 0; orbital2 < numOrbitals; orbital2++){
				for(unsigned int orbital3 = 0; orbital3 < numOrbitals; orbital3++){
					for(
						unsigned int i = 0;
						i < energies.size();
						i++
					){
						rpaSusceptibility[orbital2][orbital3].at(i) += denominators.at(i)[
							matrixDimension*(
								numOrbitals*orbital2
								+ orbital3
							) + numOrbitals*c + d
						]*susceptibility.at(i);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	//Free memory allocated for denominators
	for(unsigned int n = 0; n < energies.size(); n++)
		delete [] denominators.at(n);

	return rpaSusceptibility;
}

vector<complex<double>> RPASusceptibilityCalculator::calculateRPASusceptibility(
	const DualIndex &kDual,
	const vector<int> &orbitalIndices
){
	TBTKAssert(
		orbitalIndices.size() == 4,
		"getSusceptibility()",
		"Four orbital indices required but " << orbitalIndices.size()
		<< " supplied.",
		""
	);

	//Get kIndex and resultIndex
	Index resultIndex = getSusceptibilityResultIndex(
		kDual,
		orbitalIndices
	);

	//Try to return cashed result
	SerializableVector<complex<double>> result;
	if(rpaSusceptibilityTree.get(result, resultIndex))
		return result;

	//Calculate RPA-susceptibility
	vector<vector<vector<complex<double>>>> rpaSusceptibility = rpaSusceptibilityMainAlgorithm(
		kDual,
		orbitalIndices,
		interactionAmplitudes
	);

	//Cache result
	const RPA::MomentumSpaceContext &momentumSpaceContext
		= susceptibilityCalculator->getMomentumSpaceContext();
	unsigned int numOrbitals = momentumSpaceContext.getNumOrbitals();
	for(unsigned int orbital0 = 0; orbital0 < numOrbitals; orbital0++){
		for(unsigned int orbital1 = 0; orbital1 < numOrbitals; orbital1++){
			Index resultIndex = getSusceptibilityResultIndex(
				kDual,
				{
					orbitalIndices[0],
					orbitalIndices[1],
					(int)orbital0,
					(int)orbital1
				}
			);
			rpaSusceptibilityTree.add(
				rpaSusceptibility[orbital0][orbital1],
				resultIndex
			);
		}
	}
	result = rpaSusceptibility[orbitalIndices[2]][orbitalIndices[3]];

	return result;
}

void RPASusceptibilityCalculator::generateInteractionAmplitudes(){
	if(interactionAmplitudesAreGenerated)
		return;
//	Streams::out << "Generating interaction amplitudes.\n";

	interactionAmplitudesCharge.clear();
	interactionAmplitudesSpin.clear();

	const RPA::MomentumSpaceContext &momentumSpaceContext
		= susceptibilityCalculator->getMomentumSpaceContext();
	unsigned int numOrbitals = momentumSpaceContext.getNumOrbitals();

	//Generate charge-interaction amplitudes.
	for(int a = 0; a < (int)numOrbitals; a++){
		interactionAmplitudesCharge.push_back(
			InteractionAmplitude(
				U,
				{{a},	{a}},
				{{a},	{a}}
			)
		);

		for(int b = 0; b < (int)numOrbitals; b++){
			if(a == b)
				continue;

			interactionAmplitudesCharge.push_back(
				InteractionAmplitude(
					2.*Up - J,
					{{a},	{b}},
					{{b},	{a}}
				)
			);
			interactionAmplitudesCharge.push_back(
				InteractionAmplitude(
					-Up + 2.*J,
					{{a},	{b}},
					{{a},	{b}}
				)
			);
			interactionAmplitudesCharge.push_back(
				InteractionAmplitude(
					Jp,
					{{a},	{a}},
					{{b},	{b}}
				)
			);
		}
	}

	//Generate spin-interaction amplitudes.
	for(int a = 0; a < (int)numOrbitals; a++){
		interactionAmplitudesSpin.push_back(
			InteractionAmplitude(
				-U,
				{{a},	{a}},
				{{a},	{a}}
			)
		);

		for(int b = 0; b < (int)numOrbitals; b++){
			if(a == b)
				continue;

			interactionAmplitudesSpin.push_back(
				InteractionAmplitude(
					-J,
					{{a},	{b}},
					{{b},	{a}}
				)
			);
			interactionAmplitudesSpin.push_back(
				InteractionAmplitude(
					-Up,
					{{a},	{b}},
					{{a},	{b}}
				)
			);
			interactionAmplitudesSpin.push_back(
				InteractionAmplitude(
					-Jp,
					{{a},	{a}},
					{{b},	{b}}
				)
			);
		}
	}

	interactionAmplitudesAreGenerated = true;
}

vector<complex<double>> RPASusceptibilityCalculator::calculateChargeRPASusceptibility(
	const DualIndex &kDual,
	const vector<int> &orbitalIndices
){
	TBTKAssert(
		orbitalIndices.size() == 4,
		"getSusceptibility()",
		"Four orbital indices required but " << orbitalIndices.size()
		<< " supplied.",
		""
	);

	//Get kIndex and resultIndex
	Index resultIndex = getSusceptibilityResultIndex(
		kDual,
		orbitalIndices
	);

	//Try to return cashed result
	SerializableVector<complex<double>> result;
	if(rpaChargeSusceptibilityTree.get(result, resultIndex))
		return result;

	const RPA::MomentumSpaceContext &momentumSpaceContext
		= susceptibilityCalculator->getMomentumSpaceContext();
	unsigned int numOrbitals = momentumSpaceContext.getNumOrbitals();

	//Setup InteractionAmplitude
	generateInteractionAmplitudes();

	//Calculate the RPA charge-susceptibility
	vector<vector<vector<complex<double>>>> rpaSusceptibility = rpaSusceptibilityMainAlgorithm(
		kDual,
		orbitalIndices,
		interactionAmplitudesCharge
	);

	//Cache result
	for(unsigned int orbital0 = 0; orbital0 < numOrbitals; orbital0++){
		for(unsigned int orbital1 = 0; orbital1 < numOrbitals; orbital1++){
			Index resultIndex = getSusceptibilityResultIndex(
				kDual,
				{
					orbitalIndices[0],
					orbitalIndices[1],
					(int)orbital0,
					(int)orbital1
				}
			);
			rpaChargeSusceptibilityTree.add(
				rpaSusceptibility[orbital0][orbital1],
				resultIndex
			);

			//<!!!Needs proper checking!!!>
			const RPA::MomentumSpaceContext &momentumSpaceContext
				= susceptibilityCalculator->getMomentumSpaceContext();
			const vector<unsigned int> &numMeshPoints = momentumSpaceContext.getNumMeshPoints();
			const BrillouinZone &brillouinZone = momentumSpaceContext.getBrillouinZone();
//			const vector<double> &k = kDual.getContinuousIndex();
			const vector<double> &k = kDual;

			const vector<complex<double>> &result = rpaSusceptibility[orbital0][orbital1];

			//Use symmetries to extend result to other entries.
			if(
				getEnergyType() == EnergyType::Imaginary
				&& getEnergiesAreInversionSymmetric()
			){
				vector<complex<double>> conjugatedResult;
				for(unsigned int n = 0; n < result.size(); n++){
					conjugatedResult.push_back(
						conj(result.at(n))
					);
				}

				vector<double> kMinus;
				for(unsigned int n = 0; n < k.size(); n++)
					kMinus.push_back(-k.at(n));
				Index kMinusIndex = brillouinZone.getMinorCellIndex(
					kMinus,
					numMeshPoints
				);

				rpaChargeSusceptibilityTree.add(
					conjugatedResult,
					Index(
						kMinusIndex,
						{
							orbitalIndices.at(1),
							orbitalIndices.at(0),
							(int)orbital1,
							(int)orbital0
						}
					)
				);
			}
			//</!!!Needs proper checking!!!>
		}
	}
	result = rpaSusceptibility[orbitalIndices[2]][orbitalIndices[3]];

	return result;
}

vector<complex<double>> RPASusceptibilityCalculator::calculateSpinRPASusceptibility(
	const DualIndex &kDual,
	const vector<int> &orbitalIndices
){
	TBTKAssert(
		orbitalIndices.size() == 4,
		"getSusceptibility()",
		"Four orbital indices required but " << orbitalIndices.size()
		<< " supplied.",
		""
	);

	//Get kIndex and resultIndex
	Index resultIndex = getSusceptibilityResultIndex(
		kDual,
		orbitalIndices
	);

	//Try to return cached result
	SerializableVector<complex<double>> result;
	if(rpaSpinSusceptibilityTree.get(result, resultIndex))
		return result;

	const RPA::MomentumSpaceContext &momentumSpaceContext
		= susceptibilityCalculator->getMomentumSpaceContext();
	unsigned int numOrbitals = momentumSpaceContext.getNumOrbitals();

	//Setup InteractionAmplitude
	generateInteractionAmplitudes();

	//Calculate RPA spin-susceptibility
	vector<vector<vector<complex<double>>>> rpaSusceptibility = rpaSusceptibilityMainAlgorithm(
		kDual,
		orbitalIndices,
		interactionAmplitudesSpin
	);

	//Cache result
	for(unsigned int orbital0 = 0; orbital0 < numOrbitals; orbital0++){
		for(unsigned int orbital1 = 0; orbital1 < numOrbitals; orbital1++){
			Index resultIndex = getSusceptibilityResultIndex(
				kDual,
				{
					orbitalIndices[0],
					orbitalIndices[1],
					(int)orbital0,
					(int)orbital1
				}
			);
			rpaSpinSusceptibilityTree.add(
				rpaSusceptibility[orbital0][orbital1],
				resultIndex
			);

			//<!!!Needs proper checking!!!>
			const RPA::MomentumSpaceContext &momentumSpaceContext
				= susceptibilityCalculator->getMomentumSpaceContext();
			const vector<unsigned int> &numMeshPoints = momentumSpaceContext.getNumMeshPoints();
			const BrillouinZone &brillouinZone = momentumSpaceContext.getBrillouinZone();
//			const vector<double> &k = kDual.getContinuousIndex();
			const vector<double> &k = kDual;

			const vector<complex<double>> &result = rpaSusceptibility[orbital0][orbital1];

			//Use symmetries to extend result to other entries.
			if(
				getEnergyType() == EnergyType::Imaginary
				&& getEnergiesAreInversionSymmetric()
			){
				vector<complex<double>> conjugatedResult;
				for(unsigned int n = 0; n < result.size(); n++){
					conjugatedResult.push_back(
						conj(result.at(n))
					);
				}

				vector<double> kMinus;
				for(unsigned int n = 0; n < k.size(); n++)
					kMinus.push_back(-k.at(n));
				Index kMinusIndex = brillouinZone.getMinorCellIndex(
					kMinus,
					numMeshPoints
				);

				rpaSpinSusceptibilityTree.add(
					conjugatedResult,
					Index(
						kMinusIndex,
						{
							orbitalIndices.at(1),
							orbitalIndices.at(0),
							(int)orbital1,
							(int)orbital0
						}
					)
				);
			}
			//</!!!Needs proper checking!!!>
		}
	}
	result = rpaSusceptibility[orbitalIndices[2]][orbitalIndices[3]];

	return result;
}

}	//End of namesapce TBTK

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Early Adopters Network
Notes & Briefs
CPUC Long Range Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan
ZNE Action Plan Update
Sign up for the ZNE Bulletin List
About the ZNE Action Bulletin
In response to requests for more information on news and events in the zero net energy (ZNE) buildings arena, New Buildings Institute (NBI),
in partnership with the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), developed this ZNE Action Bulletin to keep readers informed of new trainings, workshops, innovative buildings and developments with key strategic efforts in policy and planning.
Forest Service center receives Presidential Award
The Forest Service's Technology and Development Center received the White House's 2013 GreenGov Presidential Award and the U.S. Department of Energy's 2013Federal Energy and Water Management Award for its net zero energy facility project in San Dimas, Calif. This is the first facility of its kind in the Department of Agriculture.
"We are honored to receive the GreenGov Award, and the Federal Energy and Water Management awards for the Technology and Development Center as the first net zero green facility exemplifying leadership in energy conservation," said Emilee Blount, the Forest Service's national director of Engineering, Technology and Geospatial Services.
The Technology and Development Center made several changes to its facility, including replacing the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system in the administration building and installing 1,288 solar panels on 1.5 acres to produce up to 600,000 kilowatt hours of energy each year. The center produces enough energy to provide monetary credits with local utility company Southern California Edison (SCE), saving the government $100,000 annually and paying for itself within 10 years.
ZNE Communications Toolkit
CPUC Residential ZNE Website
CA Public Utilities Commission
CA Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan
ZNE Commercial Action Plan - June 2011 Update
HVAC Action Plan
Savings by Design Program
Energy Upgrade CA
Advanced Buildings Tools
DOE High Performance Buildings Database
Getting to 50 Database
Zero Energy Commercial Buildings Consortium
Past ZNE Action Bulletins
About Energy Upgrade California
Energy Upgrade California™ is a state initiative to educate residents and small business consumers about energy management. The initiative helps Californians take action to save energy and conserve natural resources, reduce demand on the electricity grid, and make informed energy management choices at home and at work. It is supported by an alliance of the California Public Utilities Commission, the California Energy Commission, utilities, regional energy networks, local governments, businesses, and nonprofits to help communities meet state and local energy and climate action goals. Funding comes from investor-owned utility customers under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission. �2013 Energy Upgrade California. Trademarks are property of their respective owners. All rights reserved.
J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA
Photo Credit: Stephen Whalen Photography
J. Craig Venter Institute sets sights on becoming first ZNE lab
The J. Craig Venter Institute (JVCI) recently celebrated completion of construction on its sustainable, zero-net energy (ZNE) building located on the campus of University of California, San Diego. The three-story, 45,000-square-foot building overlooking the Pacific Ocean features exposed architectural concrete panels, Spanish cedar wood siding, a wood-framed window curtain wall and storefront system, metal panels and an expansive photovoltaic array.
The new facility, which targets zero-net energy performance, represents the most ambitious sustainably designed biological research laboratory project ever built and is expected to earn LEED Platinum Certification. It was designed by Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architects (ZGF) and constructed by McCarthy.
"Our new facility was built not only to advance genomic research, but to showcase how science can be compatible with the best of environmentally sustainable practices," said JCVI Founder and CEO J. Craig Venter, Ph.D.
The project is integral to JCVI's quest to perform the science needed to solve critical environmental and human health challenges. JCVI currently has about 90 employees but is designed to house approximately 125 scientists and staff.
View the full press release
Learn more about sustainable features
Watch a video of the construction
Lancaster, Sebastopol lead with solar energy mandates
Two cities in California have moved forward with requirements for new, single-family homes to be outfitted with renewable, solar power. The cities' mayors--Rex Parris of Lancaster and Michael Kyes of Sebastopol--are driving the rules and say climate change as the reason why. Lancaster, located in northeast Los Angeles County and home to 59,000 residents, was the first to pass a solar mandate last year that went into effect January 1, 2014. The law requires at least 1 kilowatt (kW) of solar capacity be allocated to each new home either onsite or through a distributed generation resource located in the subdivision.
"Requiring solar power assets for new residential construction in the coming years will bring Lancaster one huge step closer to becoming the Alternative Energy Capital of the World, while providing new homeowners with earth-friendly and cost-effective benefits," said Parris.
The smaller city of Sebastopol lies about an hour north of San Francisco with a population of roughly 7,300. A mandate enacted there in 2013 requires all newly built homes--commercial buildings and major residential remodels/additions, too --must be equipped with solar systems that provide two watts of photovoltaic-derived power per square foot of insulated building area. Homes and businesses constructed in areas where solar isn't possible must either pay a fee or look into other means of alternative energy.
More on Lancaster's solar requirement
More on Sebastopol's solar requirement
Study shows ZNE and ultra-efficient buildings gain ground
Growth in numbers, locations, types and sizes all mark progress on the state of commercial zero net energy (ZNE) buildings, according to a recent report from New Buildings Institute (NBI). The report finds the number of buildings achieving or pursuing ZNE across North America has more than doubled since the last study was released in 2012.
ZNE buildings are defined as ultra-efficient and generate as much power from onsite renewable energy sources as they consume in a year. ZNE verification is based on review of one year of measured energy data including building energy consumption and renewable energy production, or other valid documentation from a third-party entity.
The NBI report identifies 33 ZNE-verified projects including 32 buildings and one district (a group of buildings). An additional 127 projects were found to be working toward ZNE but did not yet have a full year of energy use to verify ZNE performance. Another 53 buildings had verified levels of efficiency comparable to zero net energy performance, but not sufficient onsite renewable generation.
View an interactive map of the ZNE-verified projects
Access case studies
New IEPR lays out next steps for ZNE policies in California
California's new 2013 Integrated Energy Policy Report (IEPR) is now available at http://www.energy.ca.gov/2013_energypolicy/. The report looks at a variety of energy issues facing the state today and reviews guiding policies on energy efficiency, demand response and renewable and distributed generation for energy production. It makes several recommendations related to California' Zero-new energy goals, including increasing the efficiency of new buildings by 20% to 30% each code cycle as a critical part of the path to ZNE buildings.
One recommended change is develop a way to define 'development entitlements' for renewable energy which recognizes that not all building sites will be able to install sufficient renewables on the building site due to shading, building configuration or other site restrictions. This will be an important development to enable the energy code to reasonably address zero net energy for a wide variety of building types and site conditions.
CARB sees potential for GHG reductions from ZNE buildings
Current and future ZNE efforts were referenced in the California Air Resources Board (ARB) Proposed Update from February 2014. The update notes that "Achieving the State's zero net energy (ZNE) building goals is an important effort under way to assist with achieving climate targets."
ARB discussed building upon the recent ZNE policies and goals adopted by the CPUC and CEC, and supporting the development of statewide ZNE programs. They proposed zero net carbon buildings as the next generation of buildings that could contribute significantly to achieving long-term GHG emission goals.
The report update notes that the state will be developing new emission reduction programs for state buildings, schools, homes and commercial buildings, and that it will be essential to expand upon the energy sector zero net energy building success. Read the Report Update
Statewide Energy Efficiency Best Practices Forum
June 18-19, San Diego, CA
The day-long forum on June 19 (with pre-meeting events on June 18) will feature updates from key state agencies and highlight innovative local energy and climate change programs on topics such as zero net energy, climate action plan implementation, the water energy nexus, business outreach and engagement, financing, working with our state partners and climate adaptation in the energy sector. Learn more or register
Event Recap: 2014 Green Schools National Conference
March 27-29, Sacramento, CA
Educators, students, policymakers and other school stakeholders gathered for this event, which featured a special session on ZNE schools. The "Moving Toward Net-Zero Energy Schools" session was led by former California Public Utilities Commissioner Dian Grueneich and explored the potential for ZNE schools to achieve exemplary energy efficiency as well as create healthy, sustainable learning environments.
Live and On-Demand Webinars
The Must-Have Aspiration and Design Paradigms for Creating Ultra-Efficient Buildings, May 28, 2014, 10 am Pacific/1 pm Eastern.
On Demand: Incremental Costs of Zero Net Energy Buildings, April 16, 2014
On Demand: Pursuit of net zero energy: the Walgreens experience, March 26, 2014
Additional on-demand webinars hosted by New Buildings Institute (NBI) are available on a variety of topics at www.newbuildings.org/webinars
ZNE Early Adopters Network
ZNE Tour and Workshop #3: Developing Your ZNE Plan
Wednesday, May 14, 2014 | 10:00 am- 5:00 pm, SMUD Rubicon Room, 6301 S St., Sacramento, CA, 95817 See Agenda
This free training will help public sector leaders advance their zero net energy (ZNE) building knowledge, plans and policies and provide strategies for communication, planning, design, and financing. A tour of SMUD's ZNE facility will also be offered. Participants will:
learn about ZNE buildings and market trends,
gain valuable tools and resources for developing zero net energy plans and policy,
hear case studies of new ZNE public projects,
tour the new Sacramento Municipal Utility District ZNE Operations Center, and
connect and share lessons learned with other public sector ZNE leaders.
You are not required to have participated in previous workshops to attend. The meeting is being offered by California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), Department of General Services (DGS), New Buildings Institute (NBI), and Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD).
Who should attend: Staff from local governments, state agencies, K-12 schools, institutions of higher education, utilities and design teams of ZNE public buildings.
About the ZNE Early Adopters Leadership Network:
Visit www.newbuildings.org/zero-net-energy-early-adopters to learn more about the ZNE Early Adopters Network, past events, and links to training materials and presentations from the first two workshops.
Can't attend? Join us via webinar!
The morning program is available via webinar. To register, visit: https://www3.gotomeeting.com/register/375278566
Questions? Contact Heather Flint Chatto, program manager at New Buildings Institute.
Emerging technologies hold the key to optimized energy performance in buildings. To share research and upcoming events, California's Emerging Technology Coordinating Council (ETCC) has developed ETCC Insights, a newsletter on new technology applications and other timely information on energy efficiency and demand response. Sign up
Two recent events featured examples of ZNE building projects. Pacific Gas & Electric hosted a March event at the Brower Center where several residential projects were highlighted. In addition, the Honda Smart Home at UC Davis was featured during an Emerging Technologies Demonstration Showcase in early May. The Honda Smart Home is a showcase for environmental innovation, demonstrating zero-carbon living and personal mobility.
View the residential case studies (see Brower Center link)
Read more about the Honda Smart Home
Please sign up to join our ZNE Bulletin mailing list, and to others you think would be interested.
We look forward to hearing about your ZNE efforts. If you want to get the word out on related upcoming ZNE events, new research, buildings or other ZNE Action Plan news, please send info to Connie Umphress at connie@newbuildings.org


This inspiring work delves into the cosmology of multi-dimensional spiritual existence. Beginning with the "Word" as vibrational consciousness, this book takes you on a journey through the principles of creation, separation, the descending and ascending currents, faith, intuition, belief and evolution. Also, incarnation, reincarnation and the Akashic Records are explained as an inter-relationship with the deep subconscious and the chakras. Journey Into An Unknown World: The Way to Oneness Revisited concludes with practical steps and techniques for emotional balancing and relaxation, disciplinary exercises and various other psychic tools such as astrology, numerology, graphology and palmistry. Recommended for all practitioners seeking insight into higher knowledge.


St. Joseph, MO (2015)-Responding to the community's recent lack of driver's education classes, a new class offered by St. Joseph Safety and Health Council during the summer of 2015 taught young drivers defensive driving. Student, Arianna Davis Williams, and teacher, Sheldon Lyon, talk about the course that focused on wearing seat belts, avoiding driving distractions, and driving defensively. St. Joseph Safety and Health Council is a United Way Partner Agency. NOTE: While this was a new program in 2015, in a related program of theirs, 1,161 high school students pledged not to drink and drive in 2014 thanks to United Way of Greater St. Joseph donors. To learn more, go to stjosephunitedway.org.
How To Pass Your Drivers Test - The Secrets!
Rebel Video ProductionRecommended for You!
Ace Records LtdRecommended for You!
Montreal Gazette VideosRecommended for You!


Yes we can do special orders ex-USA, we have many dealers we can do this with. We normally require 50% deposit for special order items. Various freight options are available to get your items here and cost varies with your choice.
Can you build me a hot rod?
Yes we can! We offer full fabrication workshop services for hot rod construction. Check our workshop page for more info and build pictures. Weather it's a simple chassis to get you started, complete your unfinished project, or scratch build your Dream Rod! We handle it all and no job is too big or small here at Armadale Auto Parts. We Are "The Hot Rod Shop"! If you're keen, book a time & pop in for a chat with Alan & Craig about what we can do for you.
The best way to order is to give us a call on 08 9495 1932 during West Australian business hours, that way we can make sure all items required are in stock & sent, and as we can accept credit card over the phone, it is also the quickest method.
We can also accept email orders to armadaleautoparts@westnet.com.au of course.
And you should check out large eBay store where we have almost 1000 hot rod items listed, which you can purchase via PayPal 24/7, with shipping the next business day.
What are the postage/shipping fees?
We use Australia Post e-parcel for small items up to 15 kg, all items are tracked and insured.
For larger items we use Toll Logistics, rates are very competitive so even an I-beam front end kit to Queensland is around $200 in 3-4 days.
Where possible we will combine postage also. For example, 1 t-shirt is $10, but 2 or above is $15, but please be sure to advise multiple items if orders are placed at different times.
And yes we can arrange international postage! We send to many countries World Wide including Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand and even The USA and Europe!
Please contact our store direct for confirmation on shipping fees to your location.
When is the Armadale Auto Parts car show?
Open Day and Car Show is currently NOT happening due to our change of address conflicting with council regulations on Road Closures at the new location.
We apologise for any inconvenient and will keep you informed of any changes to this situation which may allow us to proceed with this Flagship Event in the future!