Many anglers seek warm weather angling destinations when they find themselves struggling to find fish during these colder seasons. And fishing the Florida Keys maybe the answer to that interruption for many of these anglers. That hundred mile string of islands has always been a huge draw because of the mild winter climates and abundance of species.
Regardless whether its structure, shallow water, or reef fishing, the experiences in the Florida Keys is one for the memory books. Structure fishing has become very popular in the keys even for the typical novice angler. And with over forty bridges and well over hundred miles of shorelines, there is no shortage of places for either the casual or passionate angler to try their luck or secure an enough for a meal.
The standard skill sets used elsewhere for successful fishing should continue to apply here regardless of type of fishing. These will always include: know when to fish, where to fish, how to fish, what to use, how fish respond under certain conditions. But the most important and an angler's best friend is know the tides and structure.
Gear and equipment are also crucial to a successful outing. Most local "keys" species are toothy and are considered predator. Any gear weakness will be exposed. Use only the top of the line gear – this is not the place for the angler to skimp.
Fishing a Florida Keys bridge is a unique experience. Conditions can change frequently under these structures. It can take weeks or longer to master these channels and the water flows. Trial and error, exchanging ideas with other anglers on the bridges and tackle shops, and even sacrificing a few rigs jig just to locate a couple of bottom snags is worth the cost most anglers pay for this indoctrination.
But many times, it's that five pound sheepshead or mangrove snapper or even that eighteen Spanish mackerel that make spending the afternoon experimenting and learning all worthwhile.
Look in future entries on various gear and equipment techniques that have made my many bridge fishing trips successful.
This proclamation supersedes proclamations FF-18-2017 and FF-19-2017, dated May 5, 2017. It closes the commercial and recreational spotted seatrout fishery due to cold stun events, in accordance with the management strategy outlined in the N.C. Spotted Seatrout Fishery Management Plan. The spotted seatrout fishery will open June 15, 2018 by proclamation.
It is unlawful to possess, transport, buy, sell or offer for sale spotted seatrout taken from coastal and joint fishing waters of North Carolina except dealers will have until Friday, January 12, 2018 to dispose of unfrozen spotted seatrout in their possession taken prior to the closure.
This proclamation is issued under the authority of N.C.G. S. 113-170.4; 113-170.5; 113-182; 113-221.1; 143B-289.52 and N.C. Marine Fisheries Commission Rules 15A NCAC 03H .0103, 03M .0512 and 03M .0522.
It is unlawful to violate the provisions of any proclamation issued by the Fisheries Director under his delegated authority pursuant to N.C. Marine Fisheries Commission Rule 15A NCAC 03H .0103.
This action was taken to control fishing effort following a severe cold stun event under the approved management strategy in the N.C. Spotted Sea D. It is the intent of the Fisheries Director to open the spotted seatrout season for commercial and recreational fishing by proclamation on June 15, 2018 after surviving fish have had the opportunity to spawn.
In accordance with N.C. General Statute 113-221.1(c) all persons who may be affected by proclamations issued by the Fisheries Director are under a duty to keep themselves informed of current proclamations.
This proclamation supersedes proclamations FF-18-2017 and FF-19-2017, dated May 5, 2017.
Management Plan. The spotted seatrout fishery will open June 15, 2018 by proclamation.
DIVISION OF MARINE FISHERIES trout Fishery Management Plan.
"We first make our habits, and then our habits make us – John Dryden". This statement applies as much to fishing as well as it does in different segments of our lives.
Catching speckled sea trout with your favorite lure is a prime example. My favorite lure was always the double bucktail. It gave me confidence during each outing. But after a year or so the lure just didn't produce hits or catches like I wanted. Was it me or the lure or species?
As any confident then frustrated angler, I considered changing to a different bait or possibly a new technique.
My first change the following year was to the "flavor of the month". That time I tried MirrOlure's – MR 17 "Electric Chicken". Using the "Electric Chicken" hard bait helped me catch trout that year. But again and after time, it seems to fail to attract and hook fish.
And over the next several years, I changed to metal spoons, top water hard baits, jigheads with swim and finesse baits, popping corks and a variety of other new styles and types.
And as usual, they all did well for a while and then stopped or declined to a point that I needed to change.
My research showed that after a long period of time, many species begin to recognize some type of danger when seeing the same or similar style rigging on a regular basis. Fish are known to communicate and whether they warn each other of impending danger or not, they definitely change habits or preferences to various baits to survive and avoid being caught.
So what is the angler to do? Change, modify and specialize.
My change is using each of these rigs in specific situations. I always keep each of these rigs in my bag. Never discounting their past performance. Varying my retrieval rates and movements.
Modify my plastic rigging. Sometimes I cut a small slice from the tail to enhance vibration and movement. Other times, modify hook size on hard baits or shortening the length of fluorocarbon leader.
Specialize in specific conditions – dark colors for overcast or low light days. Light colors for bright days. Using specialize techniques also gives the angler an advantage.
To be a great angler, keep each of these lures in your tackle bag for maximum success.
Many fish species change habits to survive. And to be successful on a regular basis, anglers need to change too.
Most anglers will look at these three reels and think why is the captain showing me these three in one picture? Although, they appear the same, there is one distinct difference that could affect their catch rate.
The difference is the retrieval rate. The top reel has a 40" ratio; the middle reel has a 36" ratio; and the bottom one has 28" ratio.
The difference between the top and bottom reel is significant especially if the targeted species only chases the bait a short distance.
We have talked many times about the various species on the Outer Banks waters. All fish species move for a purpose. They move to find comfort, food, spawn and escape a predator. They know how to preserve energy to remain alive.
When feeding they will typically only chase a bait fish so far depending on the amount of energy available. When that level of stamina is exhausted or they perceive the chase will not be productive, their effort will end.
Going back the reels, each reel in this picture has a different retrieval rate. The retrieval rate is the amount of line taken up on each turn of the handle.
Turn the handle or retrieve the line too fast the fish will run out of energy before it catches the bait, Retrieve too slow and your bait may spook them.
So it's the retrieval rate that can help make that catch successful.
How do you know how fast your retrieval is? Well, measure it.
Layout a tape measure on the ground, extend the end of the line on one end of the tape and turn the handle one complete turn. Then measure the distance.
Once it is determined the rate of retrieval per handle revolution, the angler can adjust their action to avoid pulling it away.
This is especially helpful for novice anglers. Sometimes the excitement of the strike causes the line to be taken up too quickly.
As simple as this may seem, every technique available may help increase the opportunity to catch more fish.
I once over heard a good friend in Florida giving advice to some novice anglers. It's probably the best advice I could pass on to my fellow anglers here on the Outer Banks and elsewhere.
When it comes to fishing gear, "Buy it right the first time and you only buy it once".
The Outer Banks Anglers Club will be holding their next monthly meeting at 7:00 pm on October 30, 2017.
The meeting will be held at the Kerns P. Pitts Center / Southern Shores Town Hall Complex located at 5375 N. Virginia Dare Trail, Southern Shores, N.C.


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Home/Peanut Butter and Jelly
Tag: Peanut Butter and Jelly
The Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich: An American Tradition!
By johnkassell / Date Mar 04.2016 / Category Favorite Recipes, Product Reviews, The Shisler's Family
One of the most common, famous and easy-to-make foods is the proverbial "Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich" otherwise known as "PB & J" adhering to modern lingo. It is easy to make, requiring only bread, jelly (or jam) and peanut butter as it satisfies any hungry stomach as a meal or a quick snack.
The History of the Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich…
The Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich has become such a staple of America that is seems like it has been around since the beginning of time. Ironically, with all the ingredients needed already around, it took quite sometime for someone to compile all of it into the renowned PB & J sandwich. Peanut Butter was originally paired with a diverse combination of other foods: pimento, cheese and celery, just to name a few. In an 1896 article in Good Housekeeping, a recipe suggested the use of a meat grinder to create peanut butter and the concoction was to be spread on a slice of bread. Later that year, a culinary magazine published a recipe for making "Peanut Butter Sandwiches". The first reference of the pairing of peanut butter and jelly on bread came in the Boston Cooking-School Magazine of Culinary Science and Domestic Economics by Julia Davis Chandler in 1901. Through the early parts of the 1900s, the sandwich and its constituent ingredients gradually were made affordable and available to everyone as the price of peanut butter began to plummet. Later, it became a popular staple for children and during World War II, it was noted that that both peanut butter and jelly were listed on the U.S. soldiers' military ration list, as claimed by the Peanut Board.
It's Not Just Making the Sandwich, It's The Quality of the Sandwich That Counts
We've all likely had a Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich at some point in our lives, or too many too count, which is the case for me. But what makes the PB & J sandwich experience a unique and sensational one? You're probably thinking… wait, it's just a regular PB & J sandwich… how sensational can it get? To that I say, with the right, quality ingredients, a PB & J sandwich can rock your world, and then some!
Using the jelly found on the third shelf down in your refrigerator and the peanut butter in the door shelf, one could see the mundane nature of the sandwich. Yes, it's a good PB & J sandwich, but good could always be better. The ingredients are everything when making this sandwich. Everything from the type of bread, to the brand of jelly or jam, to the brand and texture of peanut butter that you use. Is the bread white, wheat, rye, sour dough or whole grain? Is the peanut butter smooth or chunky? Is the bread toasted or not? All of these subtle differences up front, make a world of difference in the end in the PB & J experience.
Suggestions to make your PB & J Experience A Memorable One
While a good PB & J sandwich features peanut butter and jelly usually picked up at your convenient store or grocery chain, let's step outside of the realm of normalcy and add an explosion of flavor to our PB & J sandwich. While jellies, jams, peanut butter and breads can be found in your grocery store bread aisle, the best of these ingredients are found in locally and privately-owned specialty stores, such as here at Shisler's Cheese House. Here we have an wide assortment of jams and jellies that are locally produced. We also carry some of the best peanut butter around made in Walnut Creek, Ohio. This is an Amish Peanut Butter made locally from a special blend of all natural ingredients. Amish Peanut Butter Spread is a sweet, creamy peanut butter that tastes great on just about anything. With a soft and silky texture, our Amish Peanut Butter Spread is a must try and will make any PB & J sandwich an incredible treat for your taste buds.
Let Us Help You Make That Incredible Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich
Had enough of PB & J sandwiches with those peanut butters and jellies in your refrigerator and in the grocery store aisle? Then let us, at Shisler's Cheese House,
help you make that delicious creation! Click on ingredients below to begin your PB & J experience at our store:
Amish Peanut Butter
Be sure to stop in and check out our selection of specialty breads that will complete your PB & J experience! While you're in our store, be sure to check out all of our other specialty products including meats, cheeses, chocolates, cookies and a plethora of other decadent goodies! Visit our online store by clicking the image below!
**We are now selling Girl Scout Cookies! Stop in and get some today!**

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I have gotten some mixed input on the early start for the EC2018, UM2018, UF2018 Derbies. Some like getting started early and some don't. I would like to make a final decision ASAP. Please give me your input here in this forum.
You can switch all your points from one derby to another. JUST BE SURE TO LET ME SWITCH YOU FROM ONE EVENT TO ANOTHER. If you drop out of one and then enter another, all your points will be lost and I will not be able to recover them for you. Let me do any switching that is necessary.
You need to have your SPOT up and running in the tracker in order to enter points. One of the main purposes of the derby is to get you some valuable SPOT experience.
Each week you must finish entering all your points for that week by midnight Sunday. Any points not entered by Sunday night will be lost.
You can earn points everyday of the week. CrossFit, Gold's Gym, Yoga, running, and so on can be used every day. You get one big point day on the water each week.
The late start to the derbies puts our northern brethren at a disadvantage. If you wait until October to start, they can't get out on the water to earn points due to cold and ice. Starting now gives them a chance to accumulate some on-water points before it gets cold.
Although the EC is constantly on my mind and far too many decisions are made with consideration of how it would affect my participation, eight months of training is too much. With appologies to cold-hampered Tribers in the north, I vote that the start date remain the same. By the end of a normal Derby, I have peaked in my interest in double daily workouts and need a well-deserved break from the routine. Eight months would be far too much of a drain on a normal life.
Perhaps a separate Derby can be organized for our ice country paddlers? How about four months (July-Oct) of long day points available one time a week and five days of 2-a-day workouts during regular Derby dates? (Oct-Feb).
Just because it's open, doesn't mean you have to do anything. As it stands now, the folks in colder climes are at disadvantage to putting on water miles compared to the FL people.
For some of us....if it is open, we will feel compeled to compete......although we will be grumpy because eight months of intense training for an event becomes taxing at a certain point.......but we will still compete because we are crazy WaterTribers. The colder climate folks will still be at a disadvantage if they stay in out of the cold. The normal diehards will just add up twice as many points with an extended derby. And you really don't want a derby to end to far ahead of the event, so the tail months really can't be dropped. Everyone wants to peak three or four weeks before the EC.
I know a few folks who can never train on the water because the water is HARD all winter where they live.
My input is for an early start. Life will get in the way for me but I will do what I can when I can as I have already started training for the UFC. And MisterMoon does have a point about our northern kindered spirits when their water turns solid.
I would vote for starting as soon as possible. (I have already, without earning points.) FYI, I have 3 young boys and a traveling job, so "life" will get in my way also. Doesn't mean I shouldn't start training as early as possible. I don't disagree with what anyone has said; thay are real issues. Overtraining can be an issue. Getting on the water in 30 below can be an issue. Can we make it more fair for everyone, and enable sufficient rest without losing points?
Start the Derby now (or July 31) to allow more training & points for Northerners, and because a longer training period is helpful for such major events.
Set up the system to automatically throw out every entrant's 3 lowest point weeks. Starting July 10 there are 32 weeks, or just shy of 3 x 12 week cycles. Start July 31 and there are 28 weeks. Throwing out the 3 lowest point weeks allows recovery, training cycles and rest weeks to avoid overtraining even for the most competitive, as well as more equity for the snow bound or the sick. Chief, can the system do that, or can you and Paula manually delete the 3 lowest weeks?
Prefer October for reasons already stated.
July too early and work on the farm in summer is more demanding then fall/winter.
I live between north and south in TN so I get bit of the good of both seasons. If not competing in the derby per se one is probably on their own workout schedule and it doesnt matter when it starts or ends.
The derby is not only tuning skills, experimenting with new ideas, method training, physical work out, but a form of competition if one choses. I also want to use it to peak for Everglades Challenge and testing my newly installed pacemaker by attempting to stay up with Coastie or whoever is near the top of the Derby leaderboard this year.
Hmm, maybe I should have a backup installed like all Challenge equipment or use a second one for super human conditioning, wait. Then I would need more brain power, a transplant? Naw, thats too much more weight.
Regardless, Chief, we leave it in your philosopher King hands.
Once you decide the Derby, will you consider a Chesapeake event next summer?
X2 on what Roger said.
I figure that the same 1-2 folks will win no matter when you start it. Much like the EC, I don't enter to win. I enter in hopes of reaching the finish line. Start early, start late. Maybe I finish, maybe I don't. In either case, I don't "win". Except for the fact that I do. Everytime, everyday, every year. Still breathing.
OK, I might have a plan that will satisfy everyone or tick everyone off. The starting and ending dates for the three derbies will remain as already announced. But you can decide for yourself when to do your derby within that span. For scoring I will sum the top 20 weeks for each person.
So some poor devil who lives in the frozen tundra can start now. Paddle or sail as much as they can and then switch to skiis or snowshoes.
Someone who is very lucky or extremely intelligent and lives in Florida could wait until September or October when the lightning decreases a little bit before getting out on the water.
So that gives you about 10 weeks (give or take) that you can use or not use -- it's up to you.
Here's my plan. I will begin logging my workouts this Monday the 10th. I probably won't hit the water for big points until September or October to avoid our daily storms. Once I start getting back on the water I will maximize my points each week by including a self rescue exercise every time I am on the water and going for maximum points. I will be participating in the derby for the entire time, but I will maximize my points in the last 20 weeks or so.
Someone else who has a busy business life with lots of travel could start now and won't lose a lot of points if he or she has to take a week off once in awhile.
Good idea, good plan. Good job, Chief!
As always, another wise and fair decision by our fearless leader, the Chief!
Sounds good Chief! The only potential issue I can forsee is the more weeks you throw out, the more it will drive scores even closer together, so you could potentially end up with a tie or close to a tie.
That's a good point, which means you guys have to do your best. Remember, you get one big point day per week. And you can boost your points by doing a self rescue drill.
When you do self rescue drills, always do them in safe conditions. Do your rolls as you are coming into your landing beach. Also, even if you have a bombproof roll, you also need to practice wet exits and re-enter. And if you work on assisted rescues, both can get points.
Sailboats need to practice man overboard with re-entry. Doing full capsizes can be difficult. If you attempt to practice these, make sure you have backup and you think it through carefully.
The purpose of doing self rescue practice is to save your life. It is not intended to put you in danger while practicing so use your head.
I almost forgot. Another thing to practice is hypothermia recovery. Do you know how to safely use your space blanket and candle lantern? Can you start a fire quickly. Do you have Stormproof matches instead of just waterproof matches?
Do you want to add your wording above about For scoring I will sum the top 20 weeks for each person... to the Derby Overview page so newcomers who haven't read this thread don't see the existing scores and fail to even give it a try?
I like the new system and it's tweeks. In the past the derby started late and to get water time in the derby we had to push the season. Last fall GreenMountainGal and I sailed our TI into November, in VT! Water and air temps in the mid 40's might be fine for really testing your cold weather gear, but it isn't always fun. Sometimes it isn't that safe either. Even though we launch right by the CG barracks that late in the season, the CG does pull their boats at some point.
Now sadly we have partially squandered this years early start. My son was away at a lot of camps this summer and I was busy running camps so we haven't been out much. Now he has sports and so do I. Add into it all a new boat and things get complicated. We did do an overnight on our new boat the other night but I didn't count it. It isn't the boat we are going to use. It was loaded and we did sail in everything from 0-20 knots but at 24 feet with a cabin it isn't an EC boat. However he did get in some miles of tiller time and the boat is very tender so we did have to manage the sailplan and add reef lines. We did also sail at night, anchor at night, and sleep on the boat, using a lot of EC gear.


Three internet research lessons for use by teachers, parents, or librarians. Lessons are targeted to grades seven and up and designed to teach students the correct use of internet search engines. Topics include choosing keywords, distinguishing authoritative sources from non-authoritative sources, and using resources ethically.


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Tualatin Valley Fire & Rescue (TVF&R) is a special-purpose government fire fighting and emergency services district in the Portland metropolitan area of Oregon. Established in 1989 with a merger between Washington County Fire District 1 and the Tualatin Rural Fire Protection District, it primarily provides fire and emergency medical services in eastern Washington County, but also provides services in neighboring Multnomah, Clackamas, and Yamhill counties. It serves unincorporated areas along with the cities of Beaverton, Tigard, Tualatin, West Linn, Wilsonville, and Sherwood, among others. With over 400 firefighters and 27 fire stations, the district is the second largest fire department in the state and has an annual budget of $197 million.

History
Beaverton incorporated in 1893, and by 1914 had a volunteer fire department. To the south, Tualatin incorporated in 1913 and on February 2, 1935, formed the Tualatin Fire Department. Residents of unincorporated West Slope contracted with Beaverton's fire department to have the latter provide service starting in 1941, but created their own West Slope Rural Fire Protection District in 1949.

In 1946, the Tualatin department became the Tualatin Rural Fire Protection District and opened a new station on Boones Ferry Road, and in 1948 the Stafford-Wilsonville Fire Department merged into the new rural district. Also in 1946, the Cedar Mill Rural Fire Protection District was created, followed by the Beaverton Rural Fire Protection District in 1947 that covered the Aloha area. The Beaverton Rural district contracted with Beaverton for services, with the original station on 185th at Blanton across from the post office. A second station was opened in 1965 in the Progress area, with a third opening adjacent to Tektronix on Jenkins Road in 1967.

Sherwood merged their fire department with Tualatin Rural in 1968. Municipal fire departments in Tigard and King City, and Sherwood later joined the Tualatin Rural Fire Protection District. In 1972, Washington County Fire District 1 was created with the merger of the Beaverton Rural, Cedar Mill Rural, and the West Slope Rural fire districts.

Washington County Fire District 1 and the Tualatin Rural Fire Protection District began discussing a merger in 1985, and in November 1988 the two districts signed off on the plan with a preliminary name of as Consolidated Fire and Rescue District. The name Tualatin Valley Fire & Rescue was adopted by the new entity in January 1989, and the district was officially created in February 1989. The new district covered  with 176,040 residents and had 17 fire stations. WCFD1 covered  with about 122,040 people in eastern and northern Washington County including Beaverton, Metzger, Garden Home, Aloha, Reedville, Bonnie Slope, Oak Hills, West Slope, Raleigh Hills, Rockcreek, and part of Tigard. Tualatin Rural covered  with about 54,000 people in southern Washington County and western Clackamas County including Tualatin, Wilsonville, King City, Sherwood, Durham, Rivergrove, as the rest of Tigard. WCFD1 had eight fire stations with 126 firefighters, while Tualatin Rural had seven fire stations with 100 firefighters.

Prior to the merger, Washington County Fire District 1 signed an agreement with Hillsboro in 1987 in which TVF&R would not oppose annexations by the city that would remove properties from the district. The agreement also could have led to a merger with the Hillsboro Fire Department. The next year the district and Hillsboro agreed to have WCFD1 continue providing service in the recently annexed Tanasbourne neighborhood for five years.

In April 1989, the new district opened a training facility. Washington County Fire District 2 (WCFD2) started negotiations in October 1989 with TVF&R for a partial merger, though the merger never occurred. At that time TVF&R maintained WCFD2's equipment, along with Hillsboro's equipment. Multnomah County Fire Districts 4 and 20, plus the Valley View Water District, merged into TVF&R in 1995. Beaverton voters finally approved an official merger into the district in 1996.

West Linn contracted TVF&R for fire services in 1998, and then joined the district in 2004. Oregon City contracted with TVF&R from 1999 to 2003. In 1999, TVF&R was awarded the International Association of Fire Chiefs' Fire Service Award for Excellence for its Community Assistance Program. The district achieved national accreditation in August 2000 by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International. Rosemont Fire District in West Linn became part of the district in 2001. In 2006, its Apartment Program led to the International Association of Fire Chiefs' awarding the Fire Service Award for Excellence to TVF&R.

Apparatus and stations

Apparatus operated by the district includes 37 engines, 6 trucks, 11 water tenders, plus specialty equipment such as 5 HAZMAT trucks, 3 rescue boats, 13 EMS units, 4 technical rescue vehicles, and 4 elevated waterway units. In 2017, TVF&R responded to 1,362 fires and 33,390 medical emergencies, among the 49,211 total calls for service.

The district operates 28 fire stations across the area. This includes two in Wilsonville, two in West Linn, one each in Tualatin and Sherwood, two in Tigard, one in King City, five in Beaverton, one in the Stafford area, one on Cooper Mountain, one in Aloha-Reedville, one each in the Rock Creek and Bethany areas, two in the West Hills, one in North Plains, and two in Newberg. In October 2015 TVF&R added its first mini-station in Raleigh Hills. In addition to the fire stations, the district operates a training center between Tualatin and Wilsonville and three operations centers, of which the one in Tigard also serves as the main command center. In January 2019, TVF&R started construction of a new station, located in the Rivergrove area just north of Meridian Park Hospital. Station 39 was completed in January 2020.

Organization
TVF&R serves about 520,000 people in Washington, Clackamas, Multnomah, and Yamhill counties on Portland's Westside, mostly in the Tualatin Valley. The district is the second largest fire department in Oregon after Portland's Fire Bureau, and is the largest fire district in Oregon. Cities in the district are Beaverton, Durham, King City, Newberg, North Plains, Rivergrove, Sherwood, Tigard, Tualatin, and West Linn. It also covers unincorporated areas such as Aloha, Cedar Mill, Bethany, Rockcreek, including most of eastern Washington County. Accredited by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI), TVF&R has a five-member board of directors elected by residents that govern the district.  the district had 416 paid fire fighters and paramedics, 67 volunteers, 16 prevention and 7 training staff, and 108 administration and support personnel.

See also

References

External links

Fire departments in Oregon
Washington County, Oregon
Clackamas County, Oregon
Multnomah County, Oregon
1989 establishments in Oregon
Government agencies established in 1989
Fire protection districts in the United States

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
În Republica Moldova sunt 313 arii protejate, 158 amplasamente de arbori seculari (în total 429 arbori) și 472 specii rare de floră și faună (în adaos: 9 familii și 3 ordine). Suprafața totală a ariilor protejate se ridică la peste 150.000 ha. Cadrul legal de protecție îl reprezintă Legea nr. 1538 din 25.02.1998 privind fondul ariilor naturale protejate de stat.

1 Parcul Național Nistrul de Jos este concomitent și zonă umedă de importanță internațională; suprafața sa este inclusă la ambele categorii.

Referințe

Lectură suplimentară

Legături externe

 Harta ariilor protejate la Wikidata
Ariile protejate ale Republicii Moldova Moldsilva.md
Arii protejate, inseco.gov.md


text:
Big Star, Rebecca
Rebecca Big Star (Wooden Ear Rings) Student Information Card
Student information card of Rebecca (Wooden Ear Rings), a member of the Sioux Nation, who entered the school on October 6, 1879 and departed on June 19, 1882. She was later known as Rebecca Big Star.
Note: Big Star later reenrolled in the school, arriving on November 14, 1883 and ultimtely departed on July 29, 1890.
Rebecca Big Star Student File
Student file of Rebecca Big Star, a member of the Sioux Nation, who entered the school on November 14, 1883 and departed on July 29, 1890. The file contains a student information card and a report after leaving indicating she was a housewife in Wood, South Dakota in 1910.
Note: Other records show Big Star had previously attended the…
Rebecca Big Star Student Information Card
Student information card of Rebecca Big Star, a member of the Sioux Nation, who entered the school on October 6, 1879 and departed on July 29, 1890. The file indicates Big Star married Yellow Hawk.
The Indian Helper (Vol. 2, No. 41)
This issue opened with a poem titled "BE CAREFUL," followed by an account of how "Aunt Martha" nearly drowned near the Genoa School in Nebraska titled "AN INDIAN GIRL SAVED THE LIFE OF A TEACHER," followed by a reprint from The Indian Citizen that extolled the competence of Indian boys. Page two featured small news items that included…
Omaha, Sioux
Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections
Henry Thigh, Frank Twiss, Morgan (Young Bird), and Rebecca Big Star, 1879
Group portrait of Henry Thigh, Frank Twiss, Morgan (Young Bird), and Rebecca Big Star posed on the steps of a building, presumably on the school grounds.
Note: The Cumberland County Historical Society had previously identified the female sitter as Maud (Little Girl) based on interpretation of the caption. However, since Maud was…
Glass Plate Negative, Stereograph
Cumberland County Historical Society
First Group of Female Students [Smaller Group], 1879
Group portrait of the first female students, taken on the morning after their arrival on October 6, 1879
Note: This image is different from the more commonly seen one. Here there are only twelve people in the back row, not thirteen (it is not yet determined who is not present here). Sarah Mather and Charles Tackett are not included, and…
First group of female students [version 1], 1879
Group portrait of the first female students, taken on the morning after their arrival on October 6, 1879. Matron Sarah Mather is standing at left and interpreter Charles Tackett is standing at right.
This image appears in John N. Choate's Souvenir of the Carlisle Indian School (Carlisle, PA: J. N. Choate, 1902).
Group portrait of the first female students, taken on the morning after their arrival on October 6, 1879. Matron Sarah Mather is standing at left and interpreter Charles Tackett is standing at left.
Stereograph
Five female students [version 1], 1880
Studio portrait of Alice Wynn (back left), Kisetta Roosevelt (back middle), Mabel Doanmoe (back right), Rebecca Big Star (front left), and Harriet Mary Elder (front right). All are wearing school uniforms.
Sioux, Apache, Apache (Lipan), Kiowa, Nez Perce
Glass Plate Negative
National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Teacher Mary Hyde and eight female students [version 1], c.1880
Studio portrait of teacher Mary Hyde and eight female students. The students are: Ann Laura (back left), Hattie Long Wolf (back middle), Rebecca Big Star (back right), Alice Wynn (middle row left), Grace Cook (middle row right), Mabel Doanmoe (bottom left), Stella Berht (bottom center), and Ruth (Looking Woman) (bottom right). The girls…
Sioux, Sioux (Brule), Kiowa
Studio portrait of teacher Mary Hyde and eight female students. The students are: Ann Laura (back left), Hattie Long Wolf (back middle), Rebecca Big Star (back right), Alice Wynn (middle row left), Grace Cook (middle row right), Mabel Doanmoe (bottom left), Stella Berht (bottom center), and Ruth (Looking Woman) (bottom right). The girls all…
Note: The Cumberland County Historical Society dates this image to March, 1880. The Society has three copies of this image: PA-CH1-…
Composite Images of the Carlisle Indian School
The handwritten note reads: CHOATE
The reverse side reads: Old Guard House Capt. R. H. Pratt Supt. Old Chapel. Supt. Quarters. Ass't Supt. Quarters Small Boys' Quarters. Hospital and Disiplinarian's Quarters Rosa W. Thunder as she arrived Rosa White Thunder (…
Sioux, Cheyenne, Navajo, Menominee, Kiowa, Apache, Oneida
List of Students to be Returned to their Homes for June 1889
Richard Henry Pratt provides a list of students to be returned to their homes due to various reasons along with various escorts.
Students Returning Home


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Russian billionaire killed by vehicle while walking his dog in England
By Zahra Ullah and Aimee Lewis, CNN
Updated 3:50 PM ET, Fri December 6, 2019
Dmitry Obretetskiy was the owner of Magnat Trade Enterprise, the official distributor of Mars, Nestle and Procter & Gamble in Russia.
(CNN) A Russian billionaire was killed in a road collision while walking his dog in England last week, it has been confirmed.
Surrey Police released a statement on Thursday confirming that Dmitry Obretetskiy, 49, died on November 30, following an incident in Oxshott, a village near London, on November 25.
Obretetskiy, the latest in a series of prominent Russians to die in the UK, was taken to hospital by ambulance with serious injuries, police said.
The collision involved three vehicles, officers confirmed. No arrests have been made and an investigation is ongoing.
In the police statement, Obretetskiy's family described him as a "quiet and private man."
British police launch murder inquiry into Russian exile's death
"We have lost a most amazing person who filled our lives," the statement continued. "We would ask people not to speculate on the circumstances of the incident, as this may impact the ongoing investigation, and it causes us additional anxiety and pain at this most difficult time."
Pavel Borovkov, a friend of Obretetskiy for 15 years, confirmed to CNN that the comments he made to Russian website Life, where he questioned whether Obretetskiy was deliberately killed, were accurate.
Borovkov had told Life: "You know, the people in London drive very carefully. I do not rule out a fact that he was deliberately knocked over (by the car)."
Obretetskiy was the owner of Magnat Trade Enterprise, the official distributor of Mars, Nestle, Procter & Gamble in Russia, setting up the company in Volgograd in 1991.
According to the Russian website gazeta.ru, Obretetskiy and his family left Russia for London several years ago.


A frustrated Thomas Frank seemed to take a swipe at West Brom's tactics as they left Griffin Park with three points.
Kyle Edwards netted his first Championship goal and the only of the game to give Jimmy Shan back-to-back wins as Baggies manager since taking the reins from Darren Moore ten days ago.
The result sees Albion remain strong contenders for a play-off place and end the Bees seven home game winning run leaving them in 14th.
Frank was left unimpressed by Albion's 'game management' and referee Andrew Madley's reluctance to stop it.
"Every football club decides what kind of football they want to play and that is up to them," said Frank.
"There are many ways to go to the top and the way they played today showed they have a lot of respect for us.
"We would prefer to do what we do better.
"We need to handle situations better and make the fine margins in games like this count.
"We need to be able to handle teams that want to delay and slow the game down better."
"It is part of the game and it happens every week but we need to look behind the result.
"First half we dominated and created opportunities but we should have got more out of them and the strong wind.
"We then made it difficult for ourselves and maybe didn't take the good counter-attacking opportunities we had at the other end when they came.
"They are the margins that decide games."


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☎ Call our Tourist Information Centre: +421 2/16 186, +421 2/54 419 410 (local rate)
We will be happy to answer your telephone inquiries from 9:00 to 16:00 on weekdays.
You can also contact us by email at touristinfo@visitbratislava.com.
We will be happy to welcome you also in person at the Tourist Information Center during the opening hours:
Romantic nooks
Slovak National Theatre likes Bratislava
Culture, Art & History
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Capacities at a Glance
Health, Security & Important Contacts
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Slovak National Gallery – now even better than before
The National Gallery will open its renovated premises
The Gallery will let the public sneak a peek at the renovated premises for the first time on the second Sunday of December. On this day, the first visitors to the renovated Gallery area on Bratislava's Rázus embankment can look forward to a full-day program for children and adults, two vernissages and a special architecture works project.
The National Gallery, the largest cultural center in Slovakia, has undergone the most extensive renovation of any objects of this kind since the Velvet Revolution. It is a go-to place not only for the artistic community, but also for all visitors and fans of visual arts. The capital city can now enjoy a brand-new public space for spending some quality time on the banks of the Danube.
Architects Martin Kusý and Pavol Paňák tried to create an authentic work that would combine the last four centuries of architectural bliss, modern back-office space and space for showcasing the best Slovak art and culture. The sensitive approach to the architecture of the 1970s made it possible to preserve the iconic bridge of the gallery, which belongs to the jewels of Bratislava's neo-modernist architecture.
Thanks to the renovation and modernization, the Slovak National Gallery acquired 5,385 m2 of exhibition space and 1,844 m2 of storage space. In addition, the Slovak National Gallery now boasts a cinema, which also serves as a lecture hall, a multifunctional hall, a modern library, an archive of fine arts, restoration studios, back-office spaces, a courtyard that serves as a public park, a cafe and a gallery bookstore. The investments mainly targeted the iconic bridge, the administrative building, new exhibitions, the Water Barracks building, the new depository and the so-called Hong Kong alley. The total costs amounted to 75.5 million euros.
Given the sensitive and sustainable approach to the renovation, the original ceramic blocks were saved and now form a decorative fence. A large part of the Gallery is covered with a terrazzo floor and ground travertine which used to cover the ground floor of the Gallery. Recycled travertine was also used to make benches on a small square in front of one of the entrances to the Gallery. Probably the most profound element of the sustainable approach is the facade of the depository house – it is made of characteristic white and red aluminum profiles that once held together the bridge and the administrative building.
Since most of the area was closed for 21 years, SNG decided not to wait for the interior and permanent exhibition halls to be furnished completely and open the new building in stages. The Gallery will celebrate its grand (re)opening at the old address on Sunday, December 11, with a rich all-day program and the first vernissages. You will be able to enjoy them until December 21.
After January 1, due to its size and the need to ensure smooth operation, the Gallery will operate on the basis of regulated admissions – private tours of the building and exhibitions that people will be able to sign up for in advance. The Esterházy Palace, which was the only exhibition space of the Bratislava SNG during the renovation works, was closed to the public on December 5 and will be opened again, together with the new building, in the new year.
Collection items will be step by step moved to the new depository. They are still stored in other gallery premises throughout Slovakia; most of them are currently located in the Zvolen Castle. In the course of 2023, the Gallery will gradually open permanent exhibitions, the cinema hall, the modern library, the cafe and the gallery bookstore.
The vernissage 'Prologue. 12 Colours of Reality' featuring old, modern and contemporary art in surprising relationships will kick-start the new journey of the Gallery. Thanks to unconventional combinations of works from different historical periods, you will get an insight into the diversity of the SNG collections and get to know the works of art that have been added to the collection over the past 30 years. As you walk through the building, you will be accompanied by an unconventional project with the retro name 'Art in the Public Space', thanks to which you will come across sculptures and works of applied art in various corners of the Gallery and see that art and architecture go hand-in-hand.
Visitors can also look forward to an interactive exhibition 'Take p(art)!', which answers the most frequently asked questions related to art through the selected works. Visitors will be able to interact and even enter some of the works, leave their mark on them or use them to create their own sound and visual projections and enjoy the art to the fullest.
After more than two decades, Bratislava has acquired monumental representative spaces in which art history can flourish for many years to come. A picture is worth a thousand words.
It's happening! Come and breathe in the unique atmosphere everyone has been waiting for!
Slovak National Gallery (part-)opens new premises
Prologue. 12 Colours of Reality
Take p(art)!
Art in the Public Space
Slovak National Gallery
Implemented with the financial support of the Ministry of Transport of the Slovak Republic
© Capital City of Slovakia - Bratislava
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The Kidde i5000 is an AC/DC powered, ionization smoke alarm that operates on a 120V power source with 9V alkaline battery backup. This alarm uses ionization sensing technology. Ionization sensing alarms may detect invisible fire particles (associated with flaming fires) sooner than photoelectric alarms. Photoelectric sensing alarms may detect visible particles (associated with smoldering fires) sooner than ionization alarms. Kidde strongly recommends that both ionization and photoelectric smoke alarms be installed to help insure maximum detection of the various types of fire that can occur within the home.
The front-loading battery door allows user to change the battery without removing the alarm from the mounting bracket making battery replacement easy and convenient. This smoke alarm is available in a 6-piece cut case with tray for easy display as well as a 6-piece bulk pack for contractors and property owners. This unit is a UL Listed product with a 10-year limited warranty.
• Front battery pull tab allows battery activation without removing alarm from mounting bracket.
• Dust cover protects sensor from contaminates during construction reducing nuisance alarms.
• Battery backup provides protection in case of power failure.
• Interconnectable with up to 24 devices (of which 18 can be initiating) including smoke, CO and heat alarms. See user's guide for complete instructions.
battery backup. The unit shall incorporate an ionization sensor with nominal sensitivity of 0.50 to .92%/ft. The temperature operating range shall be between 40°F and 100°F (4°C and 38°C) and the humidity operating range shall be up to 85% relative humidity.
The smoke alarm can be installed on any standard single gang electrical box, up to a 4" octagon junction box. The electrical connection (to the alarm) shall be made with a plug-in connector. A maximum of 24 Kidde devices can be interconnected in a multiple station arrangement. The interconnect system must not exceed the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) limit of 18 initiating devices, of which 12 can be smoke alarms. With 18 initiating devices (Smoke, heat, CO, etc), interconnected, it is still possible to interconnect 6 strobe lights and/or relay modules. The alarm shall provide optional tamper resistance that deters removal of the unit from the wall or ceiling. No additional pieces shall be required to activate this feature.
The alarm shall include an easy access battery compartment that is opened and closed by sliding the battery door. The 9V battery carrier will ensure proper battery backup protection by not allowing the battery doorto close if the battery is placed in the unit incorrectly or if a battery is not present.
indicating the smoke alarm is in the Smart HushTM Mode.
The unit shall at a minimum meet the requirements of UL217, NFPA72, and (chapter 11), The State of California Fire Marshall, NFPA101 (0ne and two family dwellings), Federal Housing Authority (FHA), Housing and Urban Development (HUD).


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Home --> Archive --> Car Corner Archive --> Car Corner April 2006
Is The Pony Car Back?
Some things are happening faster than I can write about them. I went to a local car show in October/November time frame and I have yet to post the pictures. During the month of March I had the unique chance to get a short, but solo, drive behind the wheel of a Dodge Charger SRT8. There is also the news that GM is dropping the GTO.
I already put off this Pony Car article too much, so I will cover that here. Next month I will tell you about the Charger, and the unique way in which I got a chance to drive it.
What is a Pony Car
When I went with my brother-in-law to go shopping for a Mustang Convertible it became clear that the term Pony Car and Muscle Car are getting blurred. I mentioned that the Mustang is a Pony Car, while my brother-in-law thought the Mustang is a Muscle Car. Car and Driver even named the Mustang GT the Best Muscle Car in its latest 10 Best article.
The Mustang was nick-named the Pony Car because the name, Mustang, is a type of horse. Since the Mustang is still named after a horse I assume it is still a Pony Car. The term Muscle Car was originally used to describe cars from the mid sixties through early seventies. These cars were intermediates that had big car engines. Basically a big block stuffed into a smaller car.
It is generally accepted that the GTO was the original Muscle Car. We have a GTO now. Is it a Muscle Car? Maybe, maybe not. The current GTO is a two door coupe, which is about right. But the intermediates from the sixties were a lot larger than the Pony cars of the era. The current GTO goes toe-to-toe with the Mustang. Is it a Pony Car?
I have been in both, and I would say there interior space is so close you can't put these two cars in different categories. So are they both Pony Cars, or are they both Muscle Cars.
They are both Muscle Cars. When the Mustang is in GT trim with its 300 hp V-8 it is definitely a Muscle Car. However, the GTO is technically not direct competition for the Mustang. If it were, then where is the affordable version, like the V-6 Mustang? There isn't one. The GTO may run against the Mustang GT, but it is a low volume, high price Muscle Car.
Pony Cars are cars that came out as competition to the Mustang. Granted, the Barracuda did come out just before the Mustang. Had the Barracuda been the super success story the Mustang was maybe they would have called then Fish cars. Ford sold over 600,000 Mustangs in its first year of production. To this day it is the best new car launch ever. The Mustang still follows the classic Pony Car formula in a short deck long hood arrangement in a sporty coupe/convertible/fastback.
Yes, the Mustang is a Pony Car! It is also a Muscle Car... when equipped with muscle.
RIP GTO
As I briefly mentioned, the GTO is going out of production at the end of this year. That's a shame. When Bob Lutz pushed the GTO into production it was with the promise that a truly American version would be about three years behind it. Well, we have had three years now (2004-2006) and no American replacement. The GTO as it is now is built in Australia off a Holden Monaro. This is one of the reasons the GTO is priced so high. Bob wanted it to be in the mid $20K range. I am sure it would have sold well at $25K... even with the bland Australian styling.
Unfortunately this poorly executed GTO tarnished any chance for a proper update. With all of GM's financial issues they just don't want to invest in building the car people want. And maybe they shouldn't... but I am getting ahead of myself.
Is The Pony Car Back
This brings us to the topic at hand. Chevrolet introduced a Camaro concept vehicle and Dodge showed a Challenger concept at the Detroit Auto Show this past January. I like them. I am a huge Camaro fan, but I find the appearance of the concept car less than pleasing. It may grow on me, but it just doesn't look enough like the old Camaro. Maybe this is a good thing, I don't know. The Challenger, on the other hand, looks remarkably like its 1970 predecessor. I like it a lot.
Will they make them... and if they make them will they sell. I have read in the past that GM got tax breaks and loans from Canada and the Canadian Union to help with the St. Theresa plant that made the last Camaro (1993-2002). Part of the agreement was that GM would build all Camaros and Firebirds at the Canadian plant until 2017. GM could have a huge legal problem on its hands if it brings back the Camaro and does not build it in Canada.
Another obstacle in GM's way is the lack of a proper platform. Personally I think a "cheapened" version of the chassis under the Cadillac CTS-V would make a great platform for a series of modern rear wheel drive vehicles. Shortened in wheelbase it could be used for the Camaro. I guess Cadillac doesn't want to share. I mean it already holds the same V-8 they have in the Camaro show car.
Chrysler has it better. For starters, if the Challenger is built it will be based off the chassis for the Charger/Magnum/300. It would be relatively easy for Chrysler to build 30-50,000 Challengers on the same assembly line as its chassis cousins. The downside to building the Challenger off the 300/Charger platform is weight... about 500 lbs. too much weight. Pony Cars are usually lighter than the big boys, but the concept Challenger is within 100 lbs. of the Charger and 300. Oops.
Ford sold almost 200,000 Mustangs in 2005. Pretty much all they could make. I think the final number was close to 192,000. Not bad for a first year launch. I think GM will need to generate similar numbers for a Camaro that is starting off on a new platform. As I said, the Challenger could probably be profitable in small quantities because of the platform sharing it will have right out of the gate.
A Chick's Car
Since day one Mustangs have always appealed to women. More women buy Mustangs than men. Plain and simple. During the Muscle Car era the Mustang got larger and more masculine, and sales kept dropping. In 74 all the "Men" Mustang enthusiasts complained about the "Charlie's Angels" Mustangs. They were not real Mustangs. Actually, they were. The original Mustang was a sporty coupe on an economy chassis. The 74 Mustang went back to its roots to do just that. The 74 Mustang sold better than all but the 65-67 Mustangs before it... because it appealed to women. The current Mustang does have a familiar and somewhat muscular look, but it is all cute looking. Just cute enough to appeal to women. Ford knows this and is very careful to make sure that the Mustang appeals to women. If women don't like it, it won't sell in numbers well enough to keep it around.
The Challenger and Camaro concept cars don't look like cars that will appeal to women. The Challenger seems very large for a sporty two door coupe. It is expected to weigh over 4,000 lbs. The Camaro looks too aggressive. It doesn't seem like a chick's cars to me.
Since the Challenger could survive in volume of 1/4 the Mustang it will easily attract enough men to fill those orders. Especially with a Hemi under the hood. But I don't see the concept Camaro selling over 100,000 units a year. That's what killed the Camaro in the first place. It had a bad boy image, and didn't appeal to women. Chevrolet is setting themselves up for failure.
Also, we need to consider the time frame of these cars. I am hearing these cars won't be available until late 2007 at the earliest... or all the way up to 2009. This is the Internet age, and everyone will be bored with these cars by then. They need to move far more quickly. Sales of the Mustang are sure to drop once "everyone has one." Sporty cars do well when they are new. The "new-ness" will have worn off for the Mustang. I don't know what Ford can do to the Mustang to keep it fresh, but I bet it sells less than 150,000 copies in 2008. Where will all the buyers be to buy the Camaro and Challenger.
In the end I think that if they build the Challenger with a target of 30-50,000 units annually, and they can make a profit at those numbers, it will sell. The Camaro has a lot more riding on its shoulders and will need to sell in the 120-150K units per year to be successful. I just don't see that happening with the design they are showing. Sorry. Remember, I am a huge Camaro fan, yet I foresee failure. If the car is good (it doesn't even have to be great) I will definitely be there to buy one... unless the Challenger is better with its Hemi engine and Pistol Grip six speed.
Even though the Mustang is making a great comeback, SUVs still dominate the market. Now that people are finally moving to "car" based SUVs instead of "truck" based SUVs, I see this trend continuing for quite a while.
Is the Pony car back? Well... the Mustang is back... but I don't know if the Pony Car market is back.
We'll see. I am hoping it works out, but I don't think it will.


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Canada expands role in US-led offensives on three fronts
By Roger Jordan
While attending NATO's two-day summit in Warsaw last weekend, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that Canada is increasing its participation in US-led military operations in eastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
The summit marked a major escalation of NATO's military build-up against, and encirclement of, Russia. The decision to deploy 4,000 troops to Poland and the three Baltic States—Latvia, Lithuania and Poland—comes in the wake of NATO's creation of a Rapid Response Force capable of deploying up to 40,000 soldiers to the region in a matter of days.
All of this has been justified on the basis of the fraudulent claim that Russia is acting as an "aggressor." In reality, it was the Western-backed, fascist-led coup in Ukraine in February 2014 that initiated the current stand-off, and it is NATO that over the past quarter century has systematically expanded, incorporating almost all of eastern Europe up to Russia's borders.
The latest moves heighten the risk of a clash between nuclear-armed powers, provoked either intentionally or through miscalculation—a clash that could quickly spiral into a broader regional and global conflagration with catastrophic consequences.
Trudeau confirmed that Canada will deploy at least 450 troops to Latvia as part of Canada's commitment to lead one of the four forward battlegroups NATO is establishing in the Baltic Republics and Poland. The other three are to be led by the US, Britain, and Germany.
Canada will also support NATO's anti-Russia campaign by deploying six CF-18 fighter jets and a naval frigate to surveille Russia's borders. Canadian frigates have participated in NATO's Operation Reassurance since 2014, mounting exercises in the Black Sea and intervening in the Aegean Sea to block refugees from reaching Europe.
Canadian forces will have responsibility for commanding the multinational force in Latvia, including providing its headquarters and "essential support units." Ottawa's lead role was made public just 24 hours after US President Barack Obama delivered a speech to the Canadian parliament in which he suggested Ottawa's military budget is too small and repeatedly called for "more Canada" in NATO and the world—that is, more Canadian military engagement.
The "open-ended" Latvia deployment comes on top of the 200 Canadian troops stationed in Poland since 2014 to conduct war preparations with NATO colleagues, and a further 200 troops dispatched to western Ukraine to train the country's army and national guard for their war against pro-Russian separatists.
Trudeau followed up his participation at the NATO summit with a two-day visit to Ukraine. There he held talks with President Petro Poroshenko, signed a free trade agreement, and discussed the possibility of Canada supplying offensive weapons to the Kiev regime.
The Trudeau government's official statement on the NATO meeting pointed to the broader strategic considerations behind Ottawa's decision to also expand its support for the US-led wars in Afghanistan and the Middle East. "Canada," it proclaimed, "worked closely with our allies" to deal with "Russia's interference in Ukraine, and the arc of instability across the Middle East and North Africa."
Canada will participate in a new NATO counter-improvised explosive device (CIED) capacity-building force for Iraq, which will train forces loyal to the US-backed government in Baghdad how to detect and disable CIEDs. With this force, the NATO alliance is taking a direct role in the US-led Mideast war, which from the outset has been directed at bringing about regime change in Syria so as to weaken Russia and Iran and consolidate US hegemony over the world's most important oil-producing region. Canada's involvement in the NATO CIED mission is in addition to its deployment of 200 Special Forces in northern Iraq on the frontlines with Kurdish Peshmerga fighters and the deployment of 600 military personnel elsewhere in the region to provide command and control support to the US's anti-ISIS coalition.
In the immediate aftermath of President Obama's announcement of an extension of US troop deployments to Afghanistan, Trudeau pledged almost half a billion dollars in aid to the impoverished Central Asian country. Approximately half of this will go to fund the Afghan security forces tasked with propping up the hated US puppet regime in Kabul.
Canada has played a critical role in maintaining the US-led neo-colonial occupation of Afghanistan. For six years beginning in 2005, Canadian forces led counterinsurgency activities in Kandahar, a Taliban stronghold.
The latest announcements mean that Canada's ruling elite and its military are integrating themselves even more fully into the military-strategic offensives Washington is mounting around the world to shore up its global hegemony. During their nine months in office, Trudeau and his Liberals have moved aggressively to fulfill their promise to deepen Canadian imperialism's longstanding strategic partnership with the US. This has included significantly expanding troop commitments to eastern Europe and the Mideast war, and increasing Canada's support for Washington's anti-China "pivot," including by strengthening military-security collaboration with Japan and the Philippines.
More is to come. Upon announcing Canada's new NATO commitments, government officials emphasized that they do not constitute a barrier to deploying Canadian Armed Forces' troops on one or more "peacekeeping" missions in West Africa or Haiti. A spokeswoman for Foreign Minister Stephane Dion told the Huffington Post on Tuesday that the government still intends to "re-energize" Canadian leadership in key areas of the world through sponsoring UN-endorsed military interventions.
In spite of the Trudeau government's overseas military deployments, much of the corporate media is dissatisfied, arguing that Canada should assume greater "responsibility" in sustaining the US-led capitalist world order. Commentators from the National Post and Globe and Mail have railed against Canada's C$20.3 billion defence budget, terming it woefully inadequate.
Writing in the July 9 National Post, Matthew Fisher complained that when it comes to military spending, Canada is "by far the worst offender in the (NATO) alliance." An earlier piece by Fisher dismissed the deployment to Latvia as a "tiny Canadian force."
Meanwhile, in the Globe, Derek Burney and Fen Osler Hampson attacked the Obama administration for not having followed through on its 2013 threat to attack Syria and described NATO's military build-up against Russia as a "feeble effort to counter Russia's blatant violations of international law." Turning reality on its head, they dismissed NATO's "track record to date" as "not encouraging. … Whether in the Middle East, Afghanistan or in Eastern Europe, the Western alliance is on its back foot."
Canada's military-security establishment and media are clamoring for a doubling of military spending so as to meet the NATO target of a defence budget equivalent to at least 2 percent of GDP. In order to prepare the political terrain for military spending hikes, the purchase of new war ships and fighter aircraft, a more "interventionist" foreign policy and Canada's participation in the US's anti-ballistic missile shield, the Liberals have initiated a "public" defence policy review.
Predictably, the opposition parties have endorsed Canada's enhanced role in NATO's military mobilization against Russia. The Official Opposition Conservatives, who under Prime Minster Harper were among the staunchest international supporters of Ukraine's ultra-nationalist government, were quick to declare their full support for Canada assuming charge of the Latvia-based advanced combat force.
In an opinion piece for the liberal Toronto Star, New Democratic Party (NDP) leader Thomas Mulcair also welcomed the deployment as a means of countering the "significant" Russian "threat" to eastern Europe. "Showing unity and strength from NATO," wrote Mulcair, "sends an important signal to any Russian decision-maker that these incursions are unacceptable."
His position is in line with the NDP's longstanding support for Canadian imperialism's intervention in eastern Europe and Ukraine. In 2015, the NDP strongly backed the Harper government's decision to send Canadian military trainers to Ukraine.
Mulcair's sole criticism of Trudeau's Warsaw announcement was that he should have consulted with the opposition parties before giving an "open-ended" commitment to maintaining Canadian forces in Latvia and that his government should combine military steps with increased diplomatic and political efforts aimed at bringing about a resolution to the Ukraine crisis. Lest anyone think he was calling for a "softer" line toward Moscow, Mulcair chastized Trudeau for not imposing tougher economic sanctions against Russia.


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Veronica Gambara, född 30 november 1485 i närheten av Brescia, död 13 januari 1550, var en italiensk poet och politiker (regerande grevinna av Corregio från 1518). Hon blev 1509 gift med grevedömet Correggios härskare Giberto; efter makens död 1518 bar hon sorgdräkt under återstoden av sitt liv.

Gambara fick en omsorgsfull, lärd uppfostran. Hennes dikter var till största delen sonetter och utmärkta för öm känsla, fint skönhetssinne samt en ren och ädel stil. De har utgivits under titeln Rime e lettere di Veronica Gambara (1759; ny utgåva 1879). Förut outgivna brev och dikter utkom 1889 och 1890.

Källor

Italienska poeter
Födda 1485
Avlidna 1550
Kvinnor
Ugglan
Personer från Lombardiet
Kvinnliga regenter under 1500-talet


One of the main factors behind many settlements of civil claims is that settlement will achieve certainty for the parties. Further, the settlement of civil disputes is encouraged at every stage of the litigation (and pre-action) process. Parties to disputes have also been equipped by the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) with powerful settlement weapons, in the shape of formal offers under Part 36 of the CPR, with which to apply pressure to their opponents to settle. There has been a series of decisions about the operation of Part 36 since its inception and, in the past 18 months, several cases concerning the validity of offers and purported acceptances have been before the court.
The settlement of a claim, whether recorded in a formal settlement agreement or agreed in a telephone conversation is, in reality, simply a contract between the parties and the usual contractual principles apply. However, those principles are of limited effect when the parties attempt to use the provisions of the CPR. The CPR are statutory rules made under the authority of s1 of the Civil Procedure Act 1997 and the boundary between this statutory regime and the common law continues to provide fertile ground for issues to arise in ways that are often not always fully appreciated by parties (or their advisers). Careful consideration of the position is needed when negotiations involve offers under both regimes, as is often the case.
'36.3(5): Before expiry of the relevant period, a Part 36 offer may be withdrawn or its terms changed to be less advantageous to the offeree, only if the court gives permission.
36.3(6): After expiry of the relevant period and provided that the offeree has not previously served notice of acceptance, the offeror may withdraw the offer or change its terms to be less advantageous to the offeree without the permission of the court.
36.3(7): The offeror does so by serving written notice of the withdrawal or change of terms on the offeree.
36.9(1): A Part 36 offer is accepted by serving written notice of acceptance on the offeror.
36.9(2): Subject to rule 36.9(3) a Part 36 offer may be accepted at any time (whether or not the offeree has subsequently made a different offer) unless the offeror serves notice of withdrawal on the offeree.
These conjoined appeals related to the acceptance and withdrawal of Part 36 offers in personal injury claims, but the points raised apply to all Part 36 offers.
In the Whistance claim, the claimant made a Part 36 offer that Valgrove rejected. Once proceedings had been issued, Whistance made an increased Part 36 offer, without expressly withdrawing or even referring to the first offer. Valgrove purported to accept the first, lower Part 36 offer made by Whistance and because Whistance refused to accept this, applied to the court. The deputy district judge hearing the application granted it and Whistance appealed.
In Gibbon, the defendant, Manchester City Council (Manchester), had rejected Gibbon's Part 36 offer and made two Part 36 counter offers of its own, the latter of which was for the same figure as Gibbon's original offer. Gibbon rejected those offers and invited Manchester to make an increased offer. Subsequently, when it seemed the value of the claim had increased due to further medical evidence, Manchester purported to accept Gibbon's Part 36 offer. Gibbon asserted this was not possible because the offer had been rejected. Manchester issued an application for a declaration that the claim had been compromised by valid acceptance of Gibbon's Part 36 offer.
HHJ Holman held that the Part 36 regime was not directly analogous to contract law. Parties were to be encouraged to use Part 36 because making a sensible offer could give an offeror significant costs protection. Settlement could be achieved by a variety of routes but, if parties used Part 36, its structure must be applied even where contract law would produce a different result. When considering the CPR, the overriding objective should be borne in mind at all times and caution should be exercised in adopting too technical an approach.
Part 36 made it clear that an offer could be withdrawn by notice (CPR 36.3(5) and 36.3(7)) but was silent as to the situation in which a party simply made another Part 36 offer. It would be preferable for a party making a second Part 36 offer to make clear that the previous offer was withdrawn or amended. However, common sense implied that Whistance's second Part 36 offer necessarily replaced the previous offer and no other interpretation of the second offer was possible. It would be unnecessarily confusing if Whistance's second offer was held to co-exist with the first offer. Therefore, it was not open to Valgrove to accept Whistance's earlier Part 36 offer, as it had been impliedly withdrawn. The case therefore continued.
In Gibbon, it was held that CPR 36.9(2) made it clear a Part 36 offer may be accepted at any time (whether or not the offeree has subsequently made a different offer) unless the offeror serves notice of withdrawal on the offeree. Further, the CPR required the offeror to serve written notice of withdrawal of the offer on the offeree (CPR 36.3(7), even if the offeree had made a counter-offer. The onus was firmly on the offeror to take the offer out of play. Although it was clear that Gibbon now wanted more than her original offer it would have been easy for her solicitors to make a revised Part 36 offer or to serve notice saying the old Part 36 offer was withdrawn. They had done neither. They had simply rejected the defendant's counter offer albeit of the same amount. Manchester could therefore accept the old Part 36 offer.
A claim, which arose out of damage to property owned by Mr Sampla and others, and allegedly caused by paving works undertaken by Mr Crowley (Crowley) for Rushmoor Borough Council (Rushmoor), had been settled after Crowley agreed to pay the claimants £384,500. The only live issue was the respective contributions to this sum by Crowley and Rushmoor.
Crowley made a Part 36 offer to Rushmoor that it pay a 25% contribution to the settlement sum, which Rushmoor rejected. Crowley's better Part 36 offer of only a 20% share was also rejected by Rushmoor. The trial, limited to the contribution issues, began and after two days of evidence there were without prejudice discussions between the parties at court. Rushmoor now wanted to accept Crowley's 20% offer but Crowley refused to agree to this and also rejected Rushmoor's offer of a 33.3% contribution but indicated he would accept a contribution of 40%. Rushmoor hit on the idea of making an application to the court for permission to accept Crowley's last Part 36 offer, of a 20% contribution, out of time.
The concept of a rejected offer was not recognised anywhere in Part 36, whereas a withdrawn offer and a changed offer were. This suggested that an initial rejection of an offer does not preclude its subsequent acceptance.
CPR 36.9(2) made it clear an offer can be accepted 'at any time' and, giving those words their natural meaning, that included when it had previously been rejected.
CPR 36.9(2) also expressly allowed an offeree to make a counter offer without that killing the original offer as it would in contract law. No rational distinction could be drawn between a counter offer and a rejection.
It would be unwise to conclude that the Part 36 system was entirely analogous to contract law because this would make it less flexible than the pre-CPR regime.
Providing they were willing to take the costs consequences, it would be contrary to the overriding objective not to allow a party to change their mind and to settle a dispute.
However, there was a final hurdle for Rushmoor to overcome because the trial had already started. Under Part 36.9(3)(d) they required the court's permission to accept the offer and this would be a matter of discretion for the court. The court therefore needed to consider whether there had been a sufficient change of circumstances to make it unjust to allow Rushmoor to accept the offer. The judge felt both parties' perceptions of the likely outcome of the trial had been altered significantly by the two days of evidence. The changes in the parties' settlement positions was evidence enough of this and therefore it would be unjust to let Rushmoor accept Crowley's offer out of time.
It seems unlikely that these cases will go to further appeal. In Gibbon, the parties attempted to take the point straight to the Court of Appeal under CPR 52.14 but the Court of Appeal sent the case back.
What lessons can be drawn from these decisions?
Significant thought is usually applied to the decision as to whether to make an offer 'without prejudice', 'without prejudice save as to costs' or a Part 36 offer. Each of these offers operates in a slightly different way, and each has its pros and cons. A without prejudice offer is more flexible than a Part 36 offer but comes within the ambit of the common law of contracts. In the hurly burly of negotiations with offers and counter offers there is some comfort to be gathered from knowing that, once rejected, previous offers cannot be accepted without specific agreement.
However, without prejudice correspondence will not be admissible before the court when dealing with issues of costs. Making correspondence 'without prejudice save as to costs' cures this last problem but leaves the impact of the offer on the question of costs entirely within the discretion of the court under CPR 44.3(4)(c). It would, of course, still be prudent for parties in 'ordinary' without prejudice negotiations to make clear if older offers are withdrawn or to make offers time limited at the outset.
The costs pressure on an opponent is the big advantage of Part 36 and the Part 36 regime is more flexible than the pre-CPR, defendant's only, payment into court. However, the lesson from these cases is that the Part 36 regime is only analogous to the contractual regime in the true sense of the word, the Oxford English Dictionary definition being 'similar' or 'parallel'. It does not mean that the Part 36 regime is the same and the court was at pains to stress this in each case.
If you make a Part 36 offer and then go on to make a further offer, the wise course is to withdraw the earlier offer formally. It was clear in the Whistance decision that the later offer was meant to replace the earlier offer, in more complex proceedings the interpretation question may not be so easy. In addition, parties should keep under review their last Part 36 offer as matters progress and withdraw them if they do not want them accepted late. Although the withdrawal of a Part 36 offer means it will not attract the same costs consequences, the court can consider these offers in relation to costs generally under CPR 44.3.
As Mr Crowley and Ms Gibbon discovered, an old un-withdrawn or un-amended Part 36 offer is still capable of acceptance, even though settlement on those terms may no longer be acceptable. In Rushmoor, intervening without prejudice negotiations rejecting the offer did not have the effect of making the last Part 36 offer unavailable for acceptance. In Gibbon, there were intervening Part 36 offers by the other side but these Part 36 offers also did not have the effect of killing Ms Gibbon's last outstanding Part 36 offer because she had not withdrawn it or made a revised Part 36 offer herself.
It is also notable that Part 36 requires all offers, withdrawals, changes and acceptances to be in writing to be effective.
The simple lesson to be drawn from these decisions is to be careful what you say and to be clear what you mean when making settlement offers.
A concluded agreement under the contractual regime or an accepted Part 36 offer brings an end to the proceedings. However, the rules as to whether an agreement has been reached differ in each of these parallel but interrelated universes.


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Russia: Sputnik's Launch 40 Years Ago Put Space Race In Orbit
October 09, 1997 00:00 GMT
Washington, 3 October 1997 (RFE/RL) - A former top Russian scientist says the launch of the first Sputnik satellite 40 years ago ignited the international exploration of space and created a revolution in the telecommunications and aerospace industries.
Roald Sagdeev, the Director of the Institute for Space Studies of the Soviet Academy of Sciences from 1973 to 1988, told RFE/RL that the October 4, 1957 launch of the Soviet-made Sputnik satellite marked a "tremendous technological advancement" for all of science.
Sputnik I was the first artificial satellite to successfully orbit the Earth. It was shaped like a small metallic sphere, weighed 84 kilograms and measured about 58 centimeters in diameter. The satellite carried a small radio transmitter that beeped continually as it circled the globe every 96 minutes.
The transmitter lasted for only three weeks, but scientists and researchers who tracked it discovered valuable information about the density of the upper atmosphere and its effect on the satellite. Finally, after 92 days in space, Sputnik I reentered the Earth's atmosphere and burned up.
Scientifically, the launch was significant because for the first time man had conquered gravity and blasted into space.
For military experts, the launch was important because it confirmed that intercontinental ballistic missiles could replace the old strategic bombers in terms of capability and accuracy.
Sagdeev, who now lives permanently in the U.S. and is a professor at a university in the northeastern state of Maryland, says he was a young scientist working in another branch of classified Soviet science -- nuclear science -- when the Sputnik launch occurred.
He says he was "taken by complete surprise" by the launch.
"Science and technology in sensitive areas was so compartmentalized that we in the nuclear area, had no idea what was happening in rocket science," says Sagdeev.
Sagdeev says that the Soviets did not at first fully realize the significance of what they had done.
"Only after international reaction, and especially the excitement in America and Europe, did the Soviet government finally realize that they had discovered a gold mine," says Sagdeev.
Sagdeev says the Soviet government then proceeded to use the Sputnik launch for propaganda purposes and as an instrument of international and domestic politics.
"Sputnik in orbit was a demonstration that there was rapid progress in technology and industry going on [in the Soviet Union]. It clearly provided a boost of enthusiasm to the people," says Sagdeev.
But Sagdeev says that the Sputnik launch, despite its remarkable scientific achievements, also had a detrimental effect on the Soviet Union.
"To a large degree, ironically, [Sputnik] helped the government mask the deterioration of the Soviet economy. It helped to continue the stagnating economic policy until the late Brezhnev period and postponed the need for economic and political reform in society until the time of Gorbachev," says Sagdeev.
But Sagdeev says that the launch did a "great favor to American science and technology."
The Sputnik launch was a "big surprise" to most Americans, says Sagdeev, and sparked a heated national debate about the quality of science education in the United States.
A prominent congressman at the time John McCormack (D-Massachusetts) even went so far as to declare that the U.S. faced "national extinction" if the country could not effectively compete with the Soviets in space. In remarks on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives McCormack said the "survival of the free world -- indeed, all the world -- is caught in the stakes."
A year after the launch of Sputnik, the U.S. created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and embarked on an ambitious program to match the Soviets in space.
Many educational and science programs in schools and universities across the United States were dramatically restructured and reorganized to focus heavily on math, physics and emerging technology.
In 1961, U.S. President John F. Kennedy declared that the U.S. would be the first to put a man on the moon and bring him back safely before the end of the decade. In 1969, American Neil Armstrong fulfilled his prophecy and became the first man to set foot on the moon. Kennedy did not live to see the American triumph. He was assassinated in November, 1963.
Sagdeev says he has no doubt the launch of Sputnik created a renaissance in American science.
This week, the American space agency NASA marked the 40 anniversary of the launch of Sputnik by holding a two-day conference in Washington. Scientists, historians, scholars and researchers came together to discuss the role Sputnik played in scientific and technological development.
Yet despite all of its achievements, Sagdeev says Sputnik's design was remarkably simple. Compared to contemporary standards, says Sagdeev, Sputnik's capability was 1 billion times smaller than what is possible from today's multitude of satellites.
But it was the launch of Sputnik, and the revelation that man might one day conquer space, that sparked new innovations and led to future technological successes, says Sagdeev.
Today, 40 years after the launch of Sputnik, satellites are a critical part of global communications. In fact, the launch of communication, weather and military satellites are so commonplace, that some scientists and researchers are becoming concerned that space will soon become overcrowded.


One thing you can count on with the Crawleys: They bring the drama.
It's been almost three years since we said goodbye to our favourite aristocratic Brits, but it's looking like we'll have an excuse to dig out our pearls and porcelain tea sets again: Downton Abbey is coming to the big screen. Shooting this summer and out sometime next year, the film will feature nearly the whole cast (minus Lily James, whose character, Rose, moved to America at the end of the series), and writer and creator Julian Fellowes will be at the helm again. (Phew.) The plot and timeline are still very much under wraps, but we've come up with a few ideas for storylines that would satisfy our craving for Downton hijinks.
We always thought Lady Grantham was far too cute and smart and lovely for stuffy Lord Grantham. (And need we bring up that whole losing the family fortune thing? Oh, Robert.) But things are looking up for her – she's got a hot young sidepiece, one of son-in-law Henry's racing buddies. He's obsessed with her twinkly laugh and American accent, and she's obsessed with his abs.
The late 1920s bring the depression and the end of the golden era for wealthy families like the Crawleys. With the changing economy, they're forced to take austerity measures: Staff who leave are not replaced; the ladies must wear the same dress more than once; childcare expenses are reduced by going down to just one nanny per kid; the family learn how to dress themselves; and they deign to eat domestic cheese rather than imported. Tough times.
Everyone loved to hate Thomas Barrow. The snarky, scheming footman was forever betraying his fellow downstairs workers and even the Crawleys (who somehow never seemed to catch on to his nefarious ways). We learned early on in the series that he was a closeted gay man, which, we could assume, contributed to his nastiness. But towards the end of the final season, he became a more sympathetic character, displaying genuine kindness and honesty. So we think it's time Thomas finds love. Perhaps a handsome young footman? Or, let's set our sights higher: an eligible local gentleman?
Finally, and this one is most controversial (and unlikely) of all: Nothing bad happens to Anna and Bates. That's right, for the first time in the series, neither of them is attacked, schemed against, tripped, charged with murder, mocked or threatened with the revelation of secret dark pasts.