The pantun (pronounced "pun-tone") is believed to be uniquely Malay in origin. It is the most popular Malay traditional poetry genre and is still very much alive today, playing important roles at traditional events like weddings and other formal functions, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. Many old-age pantuns are learned by heart and can be fluently quoted by the Malays.
The pantun is different because of its unique structure. It has even number of lines, the most popular being four-line pantuns. Two-line pantuns are generally old pantuns which have been passed-down for generations. There are also six-line pantuns (not very common and seldom written nowadays), and even eight-line ones, as well.
For the purpose of this discussion, let us focus on the four-line pantuns.
(a) The lines of the pantun must rhyme in alternate line position and on the last word, i.e., the last word of Line 1 must rhyme with the last word of Line 3; the last word of Line 2 must rhyme with the last word of Line 4. The rhyme is described as a-b-a-b.
(b) Each line must be made-up of 8 to 12 word parts (or syllables), the best being 9 or 10. The number of words is immaterial.
The message of the pantun is contained in the second half, i.e. the last two lines. The first two lines simply act as a "lead" or an "indicator" or "prelude" as to what follows. The most important role of this indicator is simply to perform the rhyming function. The first two lines together do make sense in themselves but have no relationship in meaning to the second half.
But they are not comparable to you.
But not comparable to you, my dear.
Budi yang baik / dikenang juga .
The first half and the second half of the pantun must NOT be continuous in meaning. You start by writing the last two lines to make your point (the message), thereafter you compose the first two lines to rhyme with the last two lines (normally you would use elements of nature for this).
Your smile is heaven in my two eyes.
A stand alone four-line verse is the most common way a pantun is presented. However, when you have more to say about a certain subject, you may write more than one verse talking about the same issue.
A rather common activity at certain social functions is the game of "selling-and-buying" of pantuns. In this game, someone will recite (sell) a pantun which contains a remark or a question and the person addressed is required to response (buy) with a pantun as well.
The pantuns can be sung in traditional melodies like the famous "Rasa Sayang" song. The "Dondang Sayang" song is a song involving the selling and buying of pantuns between a pair of singers.


Relationship between temperature of external auditory canal (Te) and work rate (W), oxygen intake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration (La), which were obtained during pedaling exercise with stepwise incremental load method, were examined in twenty healthy male students. The first load was 30 watts and then load was increased by 30 watts every 3 minutes until 240 watts as a maximal load. Te was measured at a place of about 1.5 cm inside of external auditory canal. V02, HR, and La were determined during last 30 seconds in each load. Te was almost constant at the loads from the first to 3rd-5th load, and after that increased rapidly. This showed a breaking point in the relations between Te and W, V02, and HR. The mean values of W, V02, and HR at the breaking point were 94.5 (SD, 24.38) watts, 19.1 (3.14) ml/kg/min, and 109.9 (10.82) beats/min, respectively. However, there was a significant positive relationship between Te and La. These results indicated that some metabolites like La and C02, which relate to blood vessel dilatation. will affect on the change in Te during exercise.


In a rare public criticism of Saudi Arabia, Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Harrigian called on the Saudi-led coalition to be more transparent with their investigation into an airstrike earlier this month against a school bus in the Saada Province of Yemen. The attack killed at least 42 children.
Harrigian said there is a "level of frustration we need to acknowledge" and that they further need to be clear what happened and why. The US hasn't exactly been forthcoming in its own involvement in the attack either, saying they were uncertain if a US bomb was used right up until media agencies showed pictures of the Lockheed Martin bomb.
Unlike other recent incidents where they killed scores of civilians, the Saudis already made a statement on this attack, declaring the school bus to be a "legitimate military target." They did not explain why.
This raises questions about whether an investigation is ongoing at all, as even the cursory whitewashing reports the Saudis offer for other incidents are usually the end result of strikes they denied or claimed uncertain about. In this case, they've insisted from the start the destruction of the bus was by design.
Not that the call for transparency really means anything to US policy. Secretary of Defense James Mattis says that since one Saudi general described the deaths as "tragic," the US appreciates that there isn't "callous disregard," and therefore US military support for the war continues.
I think they are doing pretty well. If we had done it the first idea the pentagon would have put out there is, "maybe the bus exploded by itself" or was rigged by Jihadis. So SA is several steps further along right out of the gate. The Saudi regime is absolute, the "truth" is what they tell you the truth is. It is hard for them to even understand I think the American notion of objective truth.


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German (de)160-jährige Institution bricht zu neuen Ufern auf
French (fr)Une vénérable institution sociale ébranlée par l'asile
Italian (it)L'accoglienza dei profughi mette alla prova 160 anni di solidarietà
Asylum row Testing the limits of a 160-year-old dream
By Clare O'Dea, Fribourg
This content was published on April 1, 2015 11:00 AM Apr 1, 2015 - 11:00
Guglera has provided shelter, education and therapy for 160 years
(Institut St.Joseph Guglera)
From orphans to the obese, and now asylum seekers. The changing roll-call of residents in the Guglera institute, set in the quiet Swiss countryside, speaks volumes about the social changes that have taken place in Switzerland over the years.
The ragged paupers who first came to Guglera in the middle of the 19th century had a long walk up the driveway to get to the big house. So great was their need, they came before the building was even finished.
The four-storey orphanage and school stood for more than a century, as generations came and went. Today there is a newer complex of buildings on the site with the most recent additions dating from the 1990s. The tranquil setting of pastures and forest is unchanged but a cloud is hanging over Guglera.
Since it was announced in February that the federal migration authorities had agreed to buy the property for use as an asylum centre, the place name has become a byword for the antipathy felt by some sections of the population towards asylum seekers.
Local worry
Switzerland, like other European countries, struggles with its role of providing refuge. Facing the challenge of accommodating more than 20,000 asylum seekers per year arriving from the world's trouble spots, the race is on to set up more residential centres, usually against stiff local opposition.
Local people in the farms and villages near Guglera are worried and their public representatives are up in arms, but the current owner of the property, social entrepreneur Beat Fasnacht, was under financial pressure to sell. Besides, he says, it is a matter of principle.
Beat Fasnacht in the art studio at Guglera
"Everybody has to understand that we are sitting in one boat. We don't have a second world where we can say if something goes wrong, we go to the second world. And that means that everybody – from business, from the economy, from politics, from social institutions – we have to collaborate thoroughly together."
Collaboration between business leaders, the Catholic Church and the local communes is how Guglera came into existence in the first place.
Chronic poverty
It was a local priest Fridolin Meyer from the nearby village of Plasselb who took on the task of setting up a 'poor house' on the Guglera site in response to chronic poverty in the region in the 1840s. A consortium of ten concerned citizens had already bought the land and earmarked it for this purpose.
"At the time, destitute people who were fit to work were usually assigned to farms as live-in servants but young children, the infirm and the elderly had nowhere to go," local historian Anton Jungo told swissinfo.ch. Door-to-door begging was endemic in the surrounding communes and the town of Fribourg, 13 km away.
The idealistic priest embarked on a fundraising campaign, including running a lottery, and persuaded the four surrounding communes to contribute to the project. He bought the Guglera farm from the consortium in March 1851 for 58,000 francs and set about building a large institution which he hoped would house 300 people.
It was an audacious move, as the Swiss Church Newspaper wrote in 1857: "What an undertaking! Father Meyer possesses food and tools and materials worth around 2,000 francs; he has not quite 1,000 in cash to offer."
Rocky start
Despite his good intentions and tireless fundraising, Meyer was unable to raise enough money to realise his vision properly and the sale was not legally completed. He ran into debt before the building work could be finished but that didn't stop people from turning up seeking aid.
"The structure was there but the building was unfinished, open to the elements and not really inhabitable. Needy people turned up there anyway looking for food and shelter – the old, the infirm and destitute children – and it was a catastrophe," Jungo said.
Enter Pater Theodosius Florentini, the biggest Swiss Catholic social pioneer of the 19th century. Florentini was a powerhouse of ideas and projects who had recently founded the order of the Ingenbohl Sisters of Mercy.
The Ingenbohl sisters are pictured here with former boarders of the school at an annual reunion
(Institut St. Joseph Guglera)
Florentini was asked by the canton to take over the run-down premises. The Ingenbohl sisters agreed to come on board on the condition that the home would concentrate on the care of orphans and that those orphans would receive an education.
By the turn of the century there was an oversupply of children's homes in the region and the Guglera school had started to take in private pupils. Within a short time the sisters had converted the home into a boarding school, St Joseph's Institute.
"There were very few post-primary school places available in those days and families who could afford it sent their boys and girls to Guglera. They got a very good education there, bilingual in French and German," Jungo explained.
The girls studied household skills as well as languages and bookkeeping
But falling vocations in the second half of the 20th century meant the sisters were forced to hire lay teachers and the school became more of a burden for them. The sisters started to wind down the school in 2004, not taking in any new classes.
In 2006 buyers came along that would take Guglera in a whole new direction – Beat Fasnacht and his wife Gaby Fasnacht-Müller. Fasnacht was looking to invest and his dream was to help young people who were overweight and suffering discrimination.
With understated pride, Fasnacht shows off the facilities, which include an art studio, a library and a computer room. "I was very much influenced by my first wife who was obese. She died more than 30 years ago and she suffered during her whole life because of her weight."
Since Fasnacht has been running his residential programme for young people with obesity, some 150 young people have benefitted from the course. They are helped to achieve a healthy lifestyle and get their careers started. Twenty staff work with the current intake of young people, including Fasnacht and his family who live in the institute. There is also a small day care centre operating on the site, another sign of the changing times.
Although Fasnacht has reached retirement age, he wants to continue this work, and he has plans to build a bigger better self-sustaining institution on the site of the old building which was pulled down in 1969. As always, funding is an issue.
The old school buildings will house asylum seekers from 2017
The announcement that Fasnacht had agreed the sale of the main Guglera buildings to be used as a residential centre for 300 asylum seekers came out of the blue. Fasnacht was branded a profiteer at a local information evening organised to answer people's questions, which turned into an angry affair.
However Fasnacht has received many messages of support in the meantime, as echoed by historian Anton Jungo: "There is no doubt that asylum seekers are the new weakest group in our society and they need to be housed somewhere. The nineteenth century forerunners of Fastnacht would agree."
Testing the limits of a 160-year-old dream Clare O'Dea, Fribourg Apr 1, 2015 - 11:00 From orphans to the obese, and now asylum seekers. The changing roll-call of residents in the Guglera institute, set in the quiet Swiss countryside, speaks volumes about the social changes that have taken place in Switzerland over the years. The ragged paupers who first came to Guglera in the middle of the 19th century had a long walk up the driveway to get to the big house. So great was their need, they came before the building was even finished. The four-storey orphanage and school stood for more than a century, as generations came and went. Today there is a newer complex of buildings on the site with the most recent additions dating from the 1990s. The tranquil setting of pastures and forest is unchanged but a cloud is hanging over Guglera. Since it was announced in February that the federal migration authorities had agreed to buy the property for use as an asylum centre, the place name has become a byword for the antipathy felt by some sections of the population towards asylum seekers. Local worry Switzerland, like other European countries, struggles with its role of providing refuge. Facing the challenge of accommodating more than 20,000 asylum seekers per year arriving from the world's trouble spots, the race is on to set up more residential centres, usually against stiff local opposition. Local people in the farms and villages near Guglera are worried and their public representatives are up in arms, but the current owner of the property, social entrepreneur Beat Fasnacht, was under financial pressure to sell. Besides, he says, it is a matter of principle. "Everybody has to understand that we are sitting in one boat. We don't have a second world where we can say if something goes wrong, we go to the second world. And that means that everybody – from business, from the economy, from politics, from social institutions – we have to collaborate thoroughly together." Collaboration between business leaders, the Catholic Church and the local communes is how Guglera came into existence in the first place. Chronic poverty It was a local priest Fridolin Meyer from the nearby village of Plasselb who took on the task of setting up a 'poor house' on the Guglera site in response to chronic poverty in the region in the 1840s. A consortium of ten concerned citizens had already bought the land and earmarked it for this purpose. "At the time, destitute people who were fit to work were usually assigned to farms as live-in servants but young children, the infirm and the elderly had nowhere to go," local historian Anton Jungo told swissinfo.ch. Door-to-door begging was endemic in the surrounding communes and the town of Fribourg, 13 km away. The idealistic priest embarked on a fundraising campaign, including running a lottery, and persuaded the four surrounding communes to contribute to the project. He bought the Guglera farm from the consortium in March 1851 for 58,000 francs and set about building a large institution which he hoped would house 300 people. It was an audacious move, as the Swiss Church Newspaper wrote in 1857: "What an undertaking! Father Meyer possesses food and tools and materials worth around 2,000 francs; he has not quite 1,000 in cash to offer." Rocky start Despite his good intentions and tireless fundraising, Meyer was unable to raise enough money to realise his vision properly and the sale was not legally completed. He ran into debt before the building work could be finished but that didn't stop people from turning up seeking aid. "The structure was there but the building was unfinished, open to the elements and not really inhabitable. Needy people turned up there anyway looking for food and shelter – the old, the infirm and destitute children – and it was a catastrophe," Jungo said. Enter Pater Theodosius Florentini, the biggest Swiss Catholic social pioneer of the 19th century. Florentini was a powerhouse of ideas and projects who had recently founded the order of the Ingenbohl Sisters of Mercy. Florentini was asked by the canton to take over the run-down premises. The Ingenbohl sisters agreed to come on board on the condition that the home would concentrate on the care of orphans and that those orphans would receive an education. School days By the turn of the century there was an oversupply of children's homes in the region and the Guglera school had started to take in private pupils. Within a short time the sisters had converted the home into a boarding school, St Joseph's Institute. "There were very few post-primary school places available in those days and families who could afford it sent their boys and girls to Guglera. They got a very good education there, bilingual in French and German," Jungo explained. But falling vocations in the second half of the 20th century meant the sisters were forced to hire lay teachers and the school became more of a burden for them. The sisters started to wind down the school in 2004, not taking in any new classes. In 2006 buyers came along that would take Guglera in a whole new direction – Beat Fasnacht and his wife Gaby Fasnacht-Müller. Fasnacht was looking to invest and his dream was to help young people who were overweight and suffering discrimination. New start With understated pride, Fasnacht shows off the facilities, which include an art studio, a library and a computer room. "I was very much influenced by my first wife who was obese. She died more than 30 years ago and she suffered during her whole life because of her weight." Since Fasnacht has been running his residential programme for young people with obesity, some 150 young people have benefitted from the course. They are helped to achieve a healthy lifestyle and get their careers started. Twenty staff work with the current intake of young people, including Fasnacht and his family who live in the institute. There is also a small day care centre operating on the site, another sign of the changing times. Although Fasnacht has reached retirement age, he wants to continue this work, and he has plans to build a bigger better self-sustaining institution on the site of the old building which was pulled down in 1969. As always, funding is an issue. The announcement that Fasnacht had agreed the sale of the main Guglera buildings to be used as a residential centre for 300 asylum seekers came out of the blue. Fasnacht was branded a profiteer at a local information evening organised to answer people's questions, which turned into an angry affair. However Fasnacht has received many messages of support in the meantime, as echoed by historian Anton Jungo: "There is no doubt that asylum seekers are the new weakest group in our society and they need to be housed somewhere. The nineteenth century forerunners of Fastnacht would agree."
Asylum in Switzerland Asylum in Switzerland
For some, asylum seekers are a drain on the economy and a threat to social stability; for others, helping them is a cornerstone of Switzerland's humanitarian tradition.
B permit Starting over in Switzerland
Jwan Othman and Media Joulak are calm as they tell the story about life as Syrian war refugees. But the wounds are clearly just under the surface.
By Catherine McLean
Prevention vs treatment Are obese children falling through the care net?
A childhood obesity epidemic is sweeping across Europe. Switzerland has been held up as a good example of how to keep the problem under control.
By Clare O'Dea
For and against The very different approaches to asylum seekers
Some communities are deciding to pay an opt-out fee rather than house asylum seekers, while others are going beyond the call of duty. (SRF, swissinfo.
Making space Playing host to asylum seekers
When space got tight for housing asylum seekers in Switzerland, one village was asked to find a way to accommodate newcomers. (SRF/swissinfo.ch) ...
See in another language: 1 See in another language: 1 Languages: 1
Arabic (ar)حصيلة إيجابية بدّدت المخاوف والشكوك

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Small batch fruitcake made with all organic ingredients. No preservative and non GMO ingredients are used to make this intensely rich and wholesome cake laced with craft brandy.
Please add yourself to my contacts and I will send you a reminder to order a fruitcake in the next Holiday season.
Please send comments and questions to me any time of the year.


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Where to take the TOEFL IBT in Canada?
Home/TOEFL IBT/Test Centers/Where to take the TOEFL IBT in Canada?
The TOEFL Test – Abbreviation for Test of English as a Foreign Language – is a standardized and internationally recognized certificate of English that measures academic competence in English. The TOEFL is an excellent exam, especially for students who want to go study abroad as in Canada or the United States, you will need to take a test before you start your registration to officially prove your English skills. Some universities outside Canada and the United States also accept the test as proof of adequate proficiency in English.
The TOEFL IBT (Internet-based test) is the most popular test, divided into four different levels and lasts about four hours (except for a ten-minute break):
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Depending on your level of knowledge, you can score up to 30 points in each of the four areas. The maximum number of points to be reached is 120.
The TOEFL iBT, which is administered by the ETS (Educational Testing Service) was introduced in 2005 and is the format in which most students now take the exam. You must register for TOEFL on the ETS website.
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Which test is the most appropriate between IELTS and TOEFL?
The ITP is like multiple choice tests that students regularly take. A very important difference between the TOEFL IBT and the IELTS is mentioned in the Speaking section. On IELTS, you have a face-to-face discussion with a certified interviewer and the test of IELTS take 2,5 hours. On the TOEFL IBT, you may listen to a situation and register your answer using a computer ant test take 4,5 hours. The TOEFL only tests academic courses, the academic option of the IELTS will have both academic reading and writing sections combined with both listening and speaking sections. IELTS considers having equal importance for general English skills because it is also the preferred test for most people immigrating to the United Kingdom and Canada.
Who can take part in the TOEFL iBT test?
The TOEFL is mandatory for all persons who wish to study at university, especially in English-speaking countries. Many universities require this test for university admission. Without the success of such a test, a study is not possible. In the meantime, however, it is increasingly common for national universities to require the TOEFL or a comparable exam as proof of English proficiency.
Students are interested in pursuing their studies at a higher education institution.
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English-speaking students who wish to evaluate their level of progress.
Students and workers requesting a visa.
Both medical and licensing services use them for professional certification purposes.
Where can this test be done in Canada?
There are several TOEFL certified centers. In many countries, there are not only TOEFL preparation courses but also language centers where the exam itself can be taken. This is also possible in Canada, as a city like Ontario alone has 4 test centers. You will receive more information via the website of ETS or GlobalExam.
You also have the opportunity to take the TOEFL test as part of language travel. So you book a language course in the country of your choice.
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Esther2019-12-02T12:51:53+01:00May 23rd, 2019|Test Centers|
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I was stunned by the YouTube video of making Maroccan Zellige floor tiles. So, here is something made by me, not lasting for centuries, but also pretty and inspiring.
Not up to scale. Print, test, adjust scale in slicer, print again.


I was searching for a Property and found this listing (MLS® #987773). Please send me more information regarding 7029 Wakefield Ave, Jacksonville, Florida, 32208. Thank you!
I'd like to request a showing of 7029 Wakefield Ave, Jacksonville, Florida, 32208 (MLS® #987773). Thank you!


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De Sleeuwijkse Waard is een natuurgebied in Sleeuwijk. Het gebied bevindt zich in de uiterwaarden van de Boven-Merwede tussen de Groesplaat (hiervan gescheiden door de haven van Sleeuwijk) en de Merwedebrug. Ongeveer de helft van het gebied is een voormalige griend, waarvan een klein gedeelte nog altijd in cultuur is. De andere helft is veel minder bebost en wordt door runderen begraasd om het gebied open te houden, ten behoeve van de doorstroming bij hoogwater. Er lopen een aantal wandelpaden door het gebied en de strandjes aan de oever zijn 's zomers populair bij de plaatselijke jeugd. In het gebied bevinden zich verder een grote beverburcht en de restanten van een pontonbrug uit de Koude Oorlog.

Natuurgebied in Noord-Brabant
Geografie van Altena (Nederland)
Rijndelta
Schelde- en Maasdelta

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23 Air tours experiences
Booze Tour
Eco and Sustainable Tours
Multiday Tour
Water Tour
Los Angeles Romantic Helicopter Night Flight
Air Tours Los Angeles
Enjoy the romance of Los Angeles on a helicopter tour and get the experience of a lifetime! For 30 minutes (approximately) you will fly over a variety of Los Angeles' most well-known sights.
Get up close and personal with the "motherboard" of Los Angeles. See the beautiful array of lights from the sky scraper in downtown LA over to the searchlights gazing in Hollywood. See the Staples Center, Hollywood Strip, The Sunset Strip, West Hollywood, Beverly Hills, Bel Air...it's your call, let us take you where you want to go.
Enjoy spectacular views of:
Spectacular View of Downtown Los Angeles
The Staples Center
L.A. Coliseum
The Beverly Center
Getty Center
Dodger Stadium, and more.
Upgrade: Hollywood-Style Your Tour
Upgrade your flight package, and see Los Angeles "Hollywood" style. Live the life and add all the comforts of a true celebrity to your flight. Starting with champagne, hors d'oeuvers, a unique souvenir T-shirt, framed photograph to help you cherish this memory of a lifetime.
Please note: The listed price does not include a $10 per person fuel surcharge, payable at the time of tour check-in. The fuel surcharge is required by our local supplier and is not within our control
Los Angeles VIP Grand Helicopter Tour
Take Los Angeles' longest helicopter tour and be treated like a VIP with hotel transfers by mini-limousine! You'll see all the highlights of LA and have the option to travel in true Hollywood style with sparking wine and snacks.
Highlights of your helicopter flight include:
Long Beach and the Queen Mary
Hermosa, Redondo and Manhattan beaches
Celebrity homes in Bel Air
Hollywood sign and Hollywood Bowl
Downtown LA skyscrapers
Upgrade your flight package and see Los Angeles "Hollywood" style. Live the life and add all the comforts of a true celebrity to your flight: sparkling wine, snacks, a unique souvenir T-shirt and professional photograph to help you cherish this memory of a lifetime.
Los Angeles Deluxe Champagne Airplane Tour
Experience and enjoy an airplane flight for approximately 55 minutes and you'll see everything you need to see of L.A. plus vicinity while sipping some champagne! See unforgettable views of L.A. Harbor, Rolling Hills Estates, Downtown Los Angeles, the Hollywood Sign and more.
Begin this tour by propelling through Long Beach and LA's Harbor. Fly around the Palos Verdes Peninsula, up through the beach cities of Hermosa, Redondo, Manhattan and Marina Del Rey and over to the Santa Monica Mountains. Then soar over the Getty Center, Brentwood, the Pacific Palisades and over some of Beverly Hills' celebrity homes! Finally, fly over the Hollywood Hills, Universal Studios, Dodger Stadium and downtown skyscrapers before heading back.
The Deluxe Champagne Tour allows plenty of time to discover LA from the air, while relaxing and enjoying a bottle of champagne. This is one of the most popular LA airplane tours and is one of the cheapest ways you can see LA from the sky in an airplane!
Long Beach Skyscrapers
L.A. Harbor
World Cruise Center
Ports-O-Call Village
The cliffs off Palos Verdes Peninsula
Rolling Hills Estates (USA's "Top 5 Highest Income Per Capita" ... stunning homes)
Redondo Beach and Pier
The South Bay (LA's Underrated Peninsula)
Famous Celebrity Homes and Landmarks
Dodgers Stadium
Ultimate Los Angeles and Celebrity Homes Helicopter Tour
Soar over Los Angeles on a 75-minute helicopter ride and enjoy a bird's-eye view of the best sights in the area. During the narrated flight, snap one-of-a-kind pics of the iconic Hollywood Sign nestled in the hills, celebrity homes in Beverly Park and stunning views of Malibu beach and rugged cliffs. Your sights include Manhattan Beach, The Beverly Center, Bel Air, Staples Center and more. Upgrade to the Hollywood Style package and delight in Champagne and hors d'oeuvres while you're in the air, or simply add round-trip luxury transport from your hotel.
Your 75-minute aerial adventure begins at Compton Woodley Airport, where a helicopter is ready and waiting for you to board. Once you're inside, the blades blur into action and then your professionally trained pilot whisks you past the Malibu pier for the ultimate celebrity homes tour.
Eye mansions owned by Paul Mitchell, Jennifer Aniston and Cher, and gaze at the multimillion-dollar mansions of Beverly Park in the only way possible — from the air. Your pilot points out where your favorite icons, like Denzel Washington, Eddie Murphy, Vanna White and Rod Stewart, call home. Fly over Pacific Palisades, Brentwood, Westwood, Century City, The Getty Center, Beverly Hills and Bel Air.
Your comprehensive flight continues with views of $30-million estates near Palos Verdes Peninsula, as well as the sights of Los Angeles Coliseum, Dodger Stadium, Staples Center, the famous Hollywood sign, Hollywood Bowl and more. If you're lucky, spot dolphins or whales in South Bay, and cruise by Point Vicente Lighthouse and Long Beach Marina.
Optional Luxury Hotel Transport
Instead of figuring out your own way to Compton Woodley Airport and back, enjoy convenient pickup and drop-off from your hotel. Depending on the number of your party, ride in an air-conditioned and spacious PT Cruiser or a Ford Flex.
Optional Hollywood Style Package
Upgrade and add flair to your tour: Sip Champagne and bite into delicious hors d'oeuvres during the flight. After you land, take home a souvenir and photo of your unique experience. Round-trip luxury hotel transport is included.
Hollywood Strip Helicopter Flight
Take to the skies to experience Los Angeles and Hollywood in a whole new way on this exhilarating helicopter tour. Choose from three different flight itineraries to suit your interests: Fly over the glamorous Hollywood Strip, admire LA's beautiful coastal cities, or spot the luxury celebrity mansions of Beverly Hills and Bel-Air. Each flight includes informative commentary from an expert pilot, and hotel pickup and drop-off is available.
Your helicopter flight departs from Compton Woodley Airport. You can choose to drive to the heliport yourself or enjoy round-trip transport from your Los Angeles or Hollywood hotel.
Hollywood Strip Get amazing views of Hollywood and the massive sprawl of Los Angeles on this 20-minute flight. Graze over the skyscrapers of downtown LA and the Los Angeles Coliseum, USC and Paramount Pictures, and continue over glitzy Hollywood Boulevard and the Dolby Theatre, the Capitol Records Building, the Staples Center and the Nokia Center. Fly over the Griffith Park Observatory and pass right in front of the Hollywood Sign for an up-close view of this world-famous icon.
Los Angeles Celebrity Homes Helicopter Flight
Get bird's-eye views of LA's multimillion-dollar celebrity mansions on this 35-minute flight over Beverly Hills, Bel-Air, Brentwood, the Pacific Palisades, the Hollywood Hills, Santa Monica and more. Spot the famous Playboy Mansion, enjoy views of the Hollywood Sign, hover over downtown Los Angeles, and view Universal Studios, the Staples Center, Venice Beach, the Hollywood Bowl and Dodger Stadium.
This tour is like a celebrity showing off where his celebrity friends live. By the end of the trip you'll be so jealous (and probably jaded) after seeing the homes of LA's Filthy Rich and Famous. Also you'll have to convince yourself those homes are not hotels. You'll see the estates, the ranches, the castles, and most popular... the Playboy Mansion! Oh la la! Viewer discretion is advised.
After seeing the beauty of Beverly Hills, the openness of Beverly Glen, Brentwood (the former OJ Simpson neighborhood), Bel-Air (where all the Celeb's reside), Pacific Palisades and Santa Monica Hills, then fly towards downtown where you'll hover over Universal Studios and The Hollywood Hills. You may even get the best seat in the house at The Hollywood Bowl and Dodger Stadium.
You might not be on Hollywood's "A-List", but you will sure feel like it (or want to be on it even more) by the end of this incredible flight. It's one of the most popular and you'll see why after taking this flight.
Please note: The listed price does not include a $10 per person fuel surcharge, payable at the time of tour check-in. The fuel surcharge is required by our local supplier and is not within our control.
Los Angeles Beach Cities Helicopter Flight
Admire the LA area's beautiful coastal cities, beaches, harbors, cliffs and hills on this 25-minute flight. Pass over Long Beach, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Palos Verdes, Cabrillo Beach and other elegant beachside communities, and get great aerial views of the RMSQueen Mary and the Port of Los Angeles' cruise ships and container ships returning from abroad.
This particular tour focuses on the "South Bay" or rather the "Peninsula" of Los Angeles, a hidden gem and definitely a destination not many tourists get to see while visiting.
See the beach cities and some of the most amazing homes that sit on the cliffs. Also see the beautiful green landscapes of Rolling Hills as the backdrop to LA's Harbor, one of the most important staples to the livelihood of all of Los Angeles. See the shipping containers from the sky, the logistics industry, the beauty of Long Beach's harbor, the new beachfront condos being developed, the cruise ships returning from the Mexican Riviera, the historic Queen Mary and much much more.
This is a flight you will definitely remember, especially if you're not from LA... your perception will change after seeing what is called "The South Bay". It's time to take in the wonderful smell of the sea breeze from the sky.
Los Angeles Sightseer's Airplane Dream
This airplane tour focuses on the "South Bay" or rather the "Peninsula" of Los Angeles, a hidden gem and definitely a destination not many tourists get to see while visiting. See the beach cities and some of the most amazing homes that sit on the cliffs. Also see the beautiful green landscapes of Rolling Hills as the backdrop to LA's Harbor, one of the most important staples to the livelihood of all of Los Angeles.
See the shipping containers from the sky, the logistics industry, the beauty of Long Beach's harbor, the new beachfront condos being developed, the cruise ships returning from the Mexican Riviera, the historic Queen Mary and much, much more.
L. A. Harbor and Coastline
Rolling Hills Estates (USA's "Top 5 Highest Income Per Capita"... stunning homes)
Los Angeles Helicopter Tour with Romantic Mountaintop Landing
Treat your special someone to a romantic helicopter flight over Los Angeles. This 45-minute flight is full of sightseeing, one-of-a-kind views of Los Angeles' favorite landmarks and the stunning California coastline. Plus, you'll get an exclusive landing on top of a secluded peak in Malibu overlooking pristine beaches and the Pacific Ocean.
Dessert, roses and Champagne are included, so bring along your significant other and fall in love all over again on this romantic helicopter flight over Los Angeles.
For an ultra-romantic experience to top off your Los Angeles visit, take this 45-minute helicopter flight over Los Angeles with a private landing atop a secluded lookout point. Your tour starts with sightseeing over Los Angeles' most sought-after destinations, such as Universal Studios, the luxurious celebrity homes in Beverly Hills and Bel Air and the famous Hollywood sign.
Then, soar over the beautiful beaches of Santa Monica and fly over more of California's impressive coastline before landing at a private, secluded mountain peak in Malibu. Here, take in one-of-a-kind views and enjoy a private Champagne toast and dessert.
This Los Angeles sightseeing helicopter tour is perfect for any occasion. Treat you and your loved one to a romantic experience that you'll never forget!
Catalina Island Helicopter Tour
Delight in stunning views of rugged mountains and sapphire-blue waters on this full-island helicopter tour of Catalina Island. Embarking from the island's main town, Avalon, this journey offers spectacular photo ops of this resort getaway off the coast of Los Angeles. As you fly, listen to your pilot provide informative commentary about the island's history and points of interest, including Avalon Harbor and the Catalina Casino. This morning, afternoon, or late afternoon flight is the perfect overview of this idyllic island!
Board your comfortable helicopter at the Pebbly Beach Heliport in Avalon, the major town on Catalina Island. One of the eight Channel Islands, Catalina Island has long captured the imagination of travelers with its lush, rugged mountains and pristine ambience. Located off the coast of Los Angeles, the island is 22 miles (35 km) long and eight miles (13 km) across at its widest point.
Soar over dozens of yachts dotting crescent-shaped Avalon Harbor, and hover above Catalina's most famous landmark, the Catalina Casino. This circular icon, established in 1929, dominates the waterfront with its restored art deco design.
Take in captivating views of picturesque villages, steep seaside cliffs, native plants, roaming buffalo, soaring eagles and frolicking dolphins as you fly above the island. See the old farming settlement of Middle Ranch and the tiny village of Two Harbors, where the island is only .25 miles (.40 km) wide. Cruise over the historic El Rancho Escondido, which today houses a vineyard but once was home to Arabian horses owned by the Wrigley family, who invested heavily in the island's infrastructure.
Throughout your tour, learn about Catalina Island's history, geology and wildlife from your pilot. Your 30-minute tour of beautiful Catalina Island ends where it began in the resort town of Avalon.
Limited on time? Opt for the 15-minute half-island tour to see the highlights of Catalina!
All passenger weights MUST be advised at time of booking. We need separate weights and do not accept combined weights. For the safety and comfort of our passengers, we cannot book any flights without weights. If weight for each passenger is not provided, your booking will not be completed successfully.
Los Angeles Air Tour over Santa Monica, Downtown LA and Hollywood
It's hard to see all the attractions of sprawling Los Angeles in one trip, but this exciting airplane sightseeing tour makes it easy to capture the city's landmarks and beautiful scenery in just one hour. Fly over the famous suburbs of Santa Monica, Beverly Hills and the Hollywood Hills; admire gorgeous Pacific coast views from Malibu; see the Hollywood Sign, movie studios and the Griffith Observatory; and look down on UCLA, USC, the Staples Center and Dodger Stadium.
After checking in at Van Nuys Airport, relax before your flightseeing tour with provided beverages and snacks. Then meet your professional pilot, and begin your 60-minute aerial adventure by heading south, following I-405 toward the Getty Center. From the vantage point of your 3-passenger airplane, you have fabulous views of stunning coastal communities like Malibu and Pacific Palisades.
Soar over Santa Monica and admire the view of the bustling Santa Monica Pier. Look down on Marina del Rey before flying east toward downtown Los Angeles, enjoying views of Westwood, UCLA, Century City, Beverly Hills and Hollywood. As you make a figure eight around downtown, see USC, the Coliseum, the Staples Center and Dodger Stadium.
Next, zoom north toward the Hollywood Hills to see the iconic Hollywood Sign, Griffith Observatory and the Hollywood Bowl. Check out the Greek Theatre, Universal Studios and the NBC Universal building before following the 101 back to Van Nuys Airport, where your air tour comes to an end.
Attractions usually seen on the flight:
Warner Bros. Studio
Hollywood Reservoir (Lake Hollywood)
Hollywood and Vine intersection
Capital Records
Hollywood & Highland Center
Dolby (formerly Kodak) Theatre
TCL (formerly Grauman's) Chinese Theatre
Roosevelt Hotel
Stone Canyon Reservoir
Brentwood Country Club
Pacific Coast Highway
Sepulveda Pass
Topanga Canyon
Los Angeles Country Club
Pacific Design Center
Famous celebrity homes
Malibu Canyon and Coast Air Tour
Find respite from Los Angeles' infamous traffic with a 30-minute airplane tour over some of the city's most popular attractions and landscapes. Enjoy an aerial sightseeing adventure over the Pacific Coast and Malibu Canyon. With a maximum of three passengers per plane, this narrated experience is an intimate and exclusive way to see the best of LA.
Check in for your flightseeing tour at Van Nuys Airport, and relax with provided beverages and snacks before it's time to take off in your 3-passenger airplane with narration provided by a professional pilot. The Malibu Canyon route offers incredible views of Los Angeles' gorgeous natural scenery.
From the airport, head west along Highway 101 toward Malibu, flying over Westlake Village, San Fernando Valley, Conejo Valley, Calabasas, Lake Malibu and the Malibu Hills. Soar over and past the Pacific coastline, in awe of the ocean views, and then hold on as the wing of the plane dips down, turning around to bring you back over land.
Admire Malibu Pier and Pepperdine University, and then continue along the coastline to Topanga Canyon. Turn left again over the hills to make your return flight to the airport, and enjoy views of Pacific Palisades, the Santa Monica Mountains and Encino Reservoir.
Attractions usually seen on this route:
Woodland Hills, Warner Center, Calabasas, Conejo Valley (including Agoura Hills, Oak Park, Westlake and Thousand Oaks), Lake Malibu, Malibu Hills, Malibu Pier, Pepperdine University, Pacific Coast Highway, Topanga Canyon, Pacific Palisades, Encino Reservoir and San Fernando Valley
Hollywood City and Sign Air Tour
Find respite from Los Angeles' infamous traffic with a 30-minute airplane tour over some of the city's most popular attractions and landscapes. Enjoy an aerial sightseeing adventure soaring above the Hollywood Sign and downtown LA. Fly over valleys and hills, wealthy suburbs, lakes and reservoirs, skyscrapers, sports venues, movie studios and more. With a maximum of three passengers per plane, this narrated experience is an intimate and exclusive way to see the best of LA.
Check in for your flightseeing tour at Van Nuys Airport, and relax with provided beverages and snacks before it's time to take off in your 3-passenger airplane with narration provided by a professional pilot. Enjoy incredible views of Los Angeles' iconic landmarks.
Hollywood Sign tour:
Departing the airport, fly southeast over Highway 101 toward Universal Studios. Enjoy views of San Fernando Valley, and look down on Griffith Park and the NBC Universal building before continuing through Cahuenga Pass.
Admire the LA River and the skyline of downtown LA as you make your way to the Hollywood Sign. Your pilot will circle, allowing you to snap photos and marvel at the up-close views of the famous sign, as well as Griffith Observatory, Hollywood Reservoir and Hollywood Bowl. Then head toward downtown to see Dodger Stadium and the Staples Center before flying over Sherman Oaks to return to the airport, where your tour ends.
Hollywood Sign, downtown LA, Universal Studios, Warner Bros. Studio, ABC-Disney Studios, Griffith Observatory, Hollywood Reservoir (Lake Hollywood), Hollywood Bowl, Griffith Park, Dodger Stadium, Echo Park and MacArthur Park
Flight to Catalina Island from Los Angeles
Air Tours Burbank
Experience all the beauty Catalina Island has to offer with this round-trip to Avalon! Depart from Van Nuys Airport just north of L.A., fly to Catalina's "Airport in the Sky," take the shuttle to Avalon (not included in price) and soak in its picturesque small-town charm before returning to Catalina Airport for your return. Onboard snacks and bottled water are included, as is round-trip shuttle from and to Catalina Airport. Minimum two (2) guests.
Instead of waiting in line for the ferry to idyllic Catalina Island, a popular day-trip and weekend destination off the coast of Southern California, hop on a private plane for a day-trip or overnight, arriving quickly and in style. Depart from Van Nuys Airport just north of Los Angeles, enjoying stunning aerial views of the city and its coastline.
Once you land at Catalina Airport, which locals call "The Airport in the Sky," you'll be shuttled to Avalon, where shops, restaurants, Mediterranean-like atmosphere awaits. Roam the picturesque streets, watch the boats sail into Avalon Bay, or visit the circular, art-deco-style Catalina Casino.
When you're done, hop the shuttle back to Catalina Airport for an evening departure back to Van Nuys. If you want to spend the night, or even a weekend, set your return flight for another day. Minimum two (2) guests. Subject to acceptable weather and pilot discretion.
Los Angeles Air Tour Experience
Soar above it all on this 45-minute flight over the forested hills, exclusive neighborhoods, and seaside towns of Los Angeles. See the Downtown skyline, Hollywood sign, Griffith Park, and the curve of the Pacific coast from above the noise, crowds, and traffic. Gain a new appreciation for the vast geography and stunning scale of the City of Angels. Choose from two routes, flying out over Downtown to Santa Monica, or to the shores of Malibu and Santa Monica. Bottled water and snacks are included on board.
This unforgettable 45-minute airplane ride lifts you above the traffic and sprawling city streets to reveal the true magnitude and beauty of the City of Angels. Arrive at Van Nuys Airport just north of the city and meet your private pilot at a time you designate. Choose between two scenic routes: DTLA to Santa Monica, or Santa Monica to Malibu.
The DTLA–Santa Monica route takes you above the San Fernando Valley over Griffith Park (and the Hollywood Sign), Universal Studios, the LA River, Dodger Stadium, and the Downtown skyscrapers before heading out over the Santa Monica Mountains to the coast. See Beverly Hills mansions from above, the UCLA campus, LAX, and finally the world-famous Santa Monica Pier. On your return to Van Nuys you'll fly over the Sepulveda Pass on "the 405," L.A.'s notoriously crowded freeway, and enjoy stunning views of Bel Air, the Getty Center, and Stone Canyon Reservoir.
The Santa Monica–Malibu route heads west from Van Nuys toward Topanga Canyon, revealing breath-taking views of the Malibu Hills and various nature refuges. Fly through Malibu Canyon to the Malibu Pier on the Pacific, noting the many celebrity homes along the famous coastline. Get stunning up-close views of Stone Canyon Reservoir, Bel Air, the Getty Center, and UCLA as you continue toward Pacific Palisades and Santa Monica before returning to Van Nuys.
Enjoy complimentary bottled water and snacks on board. Note that flight times may vary based on departure time, weather, and air traffic patterns.
20-Minute Santa Monica Air Tour
This is the quickest and most exciting way to see as much of Los Angeles as possible in only 20 minutes. Your private plane takes off from Van Nuys Airport and circles out to the coast of Santa Monica and back, giving you a bird's-eye-view of the Hollywood Hills, the Downtown skyline, UCLA campus, LAX, The Getty Center, and of course the stunning Pacific Coastline. A photo opp like no other, this short tour delivers unforgettable views day or night. Complimentary bottled water and snacks are included
Enjoy a 20-minute "flyover" that lets you see the City of Angels from new heights. Arrive at Van Nuys Airport, just north of the city, at a time you designate to meet your private pilot. Settle aboard and watch the traffic and busy streets fall away as you ascend over "the 405," L.A.'s infamously crowded highway, towards the Sepulveda Pass. Get stunning close-up views of Stone Canyon Reservoir, upscale Bel Air, The Getty Center, and the UCLA campus.
From there, the plane banks left over Brentwood to fly towards the Santa Monica Pier. On the way, you'll see the majestic skyline of Downtown, the Hollywood Hills, Century City, Marina del Rey, and LAX Airport before making your way back to Van Nuys to land.
Bottled water and snacks are included.
Catalina Island Helicopter Flight from Long Beach
Air Tours Long Beach
Indulge in this thrilling helicopter flight from Long Beach to Catalina Island - the fastest, most glamorous way to reach the resort island off the coast of Los Angeles. Admire the 'Queen Mary' as you take off, and fly over dolphins and whales on your way to Avalon, the major town on pristine Catalina Island. Capture gorgeous photos and kick off your vacation or special event in style with this convenient morning, mid-day or afternoon flight.
Board your comfortable helicopter at the Long Beach Heliport, located adjacent to the Queen Mary - the regal passenger ship that sailed the Atlantic for decades. As you take off, enjoy aerial views of the magnificent ship and the scenic coastline.
Head out over the lovely waters of the Pacific, keeping your eyes open for dolphins and whales as you travel toward Catalina Island, one of the eight Channel Islands. This breathtaking island is known for its seaside cliffs, lush interior and romantic ambiance. With its quaint towns, variety of water activities, and wildlife such as buffalo, eagles and the Catalina Island fox, the island offers plenty of diversions and is a popular destination for everything from quick getaways to milestone events.
During your exhilarating flight, learn about Catalina Island's history, geology and wildlife from your informative pilot, and take your fill of gorgeous photos. Your 15-minute helicopter ride to Catalina Island ends with touchdown at the Pebbly Beach Heliport on the outskirts of idyllic Avalon, Catalina Island's biggest town.
Coastal Sights Helicopter Tour from Long Beach
Admire captivating views of the Pacific Ocean on this thrilling helicopter flight from Long Beach along the California coast. Fly over the Long Beach and Los Angeles ports, and see the picturesque Point Fermin and Point Vicente lighthouses. Admire the lavish homes of Palos Verdes Estates, the Trump National Golf Club and the dramatic cliffs of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. On your way back to the heliport, take in views of the elegant 'Queen Mary.'
Board your comfortable, six-passenger helicopter at the Long Beach Heliport, located adjacent to the Queen Mary, the grand old ship that sailed the Atlantic Ocean for decades. Buckle up and have your camera ready for your thrilling flight over the California coast!
Glide over the Port of Long Beach and the Battleship Iowa Museum, a maritime museum at the bustling Port of Los Angeles in the San Pedro area. Admire the massive bronze Korean Bell of Friendship, a gift from South Korea to the United States in honor of its bicentennial in 1976.
Continue along the coast over the Point Fermin Lighthouse and Point Vicente Lighthouse. Hover above the stunning Palos Verdes Peninsula, delighting in vistas of the coastal cliffs, the mansions in Palos Verdes Estates and the exclusive Trump National Golf Club. As your exhilarating 15-minute helicopter ride comes to a close, take in more majestic views of the Queen Mary.
Orange County Beaches Helicopter Tour from Long Beach
Admire some of southern California's most stunning beaches on this breathtaking helicopter flight from Long Beach. View the shimmering blue waters of the Pacific and lavish homes in beachfront communities such as Newport Beach, Huntington Beach and Laguna Beach. Learn about the culture and character of the various beach cities from your pilot, and take plenty of amazing photos. For beach lovers, the mesmerizing coastal scenery of this tour can't be beat!
Embark on your coastal helicopter tour from Long Beach Heliport, located next to the Queen Mary, the grand passenger ship that sailed the Atlantic for decades. Aboard your comfortable helicopter, take to the skies and head south along Orange County's lovely beachfront communities, listening to your knowledgeable pilot talk about the history and character of these affluent seaside areas.
Fly over the oceanfront homes in the Long Beach neighborhoods of Belmont Shores and Naples. See the popular surfing area at Bolsa Chica State Beach and the houses of the Sunset Beach area of Huntington Beach. Your pilot soars above Newport Beach, allowing you to marvel at the city's lavish estates and popular shoreline. Take in views of the famous surf spot called The Wedge, as well as sights like Pirate's Cove Beach, Crystal Cove State Park, the sprawling Newport Dunes Resort and the area of Corona del Mar.
Your tour culminates with dazzling vistas of the coastline and spectacular clifftop homes of Laguna Beach. Keep your camera handy as you pass one jaw-dropping property after another. Enjoy some final picturesque coastal views as you head back north to the Long Beach Heliport and conclude your 30-minute helicopter ride.
Short on time? Opt for a 15-minute helicopter flight which includes Orange County's breathtaking neighborhoods up until Huntington Beach which is also known as Surf City USA.
Hollywood and Los Angeles Helicopter Tour from Long Beach
Get a breathtaking overview of the Los Angeles area on this exhilarating helicopter tour from Long Beach. Admire famous area sights including Venice Beach, Santa Monica Pier, the J Paul Getty Museum, Griffith Park, the Hollywood Sign, the Staples Center and the 'Queen Mary.' Learn about the history and culture of the area from your informative guide, and capture incredible photos during this thrilling ride over America's second largest city!
After boarding your comfortable helicopter at Long Beach Heliport, settle in for your thrilling helicopter tour of some of the Los Angeles area's best-known attractions! Fly over the bustling Los Angeles and Long Beach ports and along the breathtaking seaside cliffs of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Enjoy aerial vistas of Redondo Beach, Marina del Rey, Venice Beach, and the popular Santa Monica Pier with its rides, games and gorgeous views.
Soar above storied Sunset Boulevard, and admire the innovative architecture of the J Paul Getty Museum. Fly over Bel Air and Hollywood, marveling at the lavish celebrity homes below. See Griffith Park and capture close-up photos of the iconic Hollywood Sign on Mount Lee. Then, ride past the towering skyscrapers of downtown Los Angeles, the busy Staples Center sports arena, the University of Southern California (USC) and the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum — home of the USC football team.
Throughout your helicopter tour, enjoy informative commentary by your pilot about the history and significance of the many attractions you see. As you approach Long Beach Heliport at the conclusion of your 30-minute flight, take in views of the Queen Mary, the elegant passenger ship that sailed the Atlantic for decades, now on permanent display near the heliport.


Since we attend MACUL (EdTech Conference) regularly, as Tech Coaches we are familiar with Eric Curts of the Control Alt Actieve Blog. He has compiled some templates that can be used in Google Drawing and shared them with the public for use in the classroom! View the following templates for inspiration or get you started using Google Drawing in your classroom.
Once this folder is added to your Drive, feel free to share each resource with the rest of your class / students.


text:
Q: change number in animation system java Goal: Have a system to easily animate gui elements
To change a gui element values there are 2 methods I can think of.
Change it with a return function, Or make a list of everything that needs to be animated and animate that.
The problem with the first one is that we need to store the start and end so the animation works correctly. (also allowing for ease in the future)
So that only leaves us with #2
    private static CopyOnWriteArrayList<Animator> animations = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

From here we can have some code like
        for (Animator anim : animations ) {
            anim.animate();
            if(anim.done()) animations .remove(anim);
        }

So to add a button for example it would go through
    public Animator(Button button, int start, int end, float time) {
        animations .add(this);
        this.dx = start;
        this.dy = end;
        this.button = button;
        this.s = time;
    }

From here we could have a string to detect which part of the button we are changing, but that seems pointless.
Question: Is there any way to detect the type that passes into start
Lets say we have
Button button = new Button(20,30,20,20,0xffffffff)

Animator buttonAnimation = new Animator(button,button.x,button.x+40,2)

Is it possible to detect button.x so that I can change it
Or am I forced to have an if statment like
If(animator.type=TYPE.X){
Button.x=animation code...
}

For each type of thing I'm going to try to animate.
Or is there a better method then what Im planning?
Thanks for any help!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Home > Products > fixing fence posts to slabs?
For years Metpost have been the biggest supplier of fence post holders, or post spikes, but now there is much more of a choice. There are several ways to fix, anchor or support fence posts and the most common is to concrete them in.
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text:
Derby office scheme halted due to rise in home working
Henry ThomasAugust 19, 2020
Authorities had hoped the multi-million pound riverside office development would produce positive return
Plans to create a multi-million pound office development in Derby city centre have been halted due to a rise in home-working caused by the coronavirus crisis.
Towards the end of 2018, Derby City Council granted planning permission for the 42,900 sq. ft. office development at One Cathedral Green, in Full Street, close to the River Derwent.
The purchase of land, together with borrowing of £12.1 million to finance the development, was hoped to produce a commercial development with a positive rate of return for the local authority.
But now, with a significant rise in home working and a reduction in demand for office space as a result of Covid-19, the city council has announced it is reviewing its investment.
It will now look at the One Cathedral Green site and consider with its private sector partners what the most appropriate future use for the site will be.
Councillor Matthew Holmes, the city council's cabinet member for regeneration, said: We know that coronavirus has had a significant impact across the country, and Derby is no different. What was right for the city last year, may not be right at this point in time, and we can't press ahead without taking everything into account. We put all options on the table; to go ahead with the project, to delay or to stop at this point in time.
He said, given the current market conditions and lack of demand currently, it is felt that continuing would have carried significant risks and we need to make sure we're taking care of the tax-payers' purse.
As it was originally planned, the proposal to build offices at Cathedral Green would have created a long-term rental stream. This would have repaid the money the council invested upfront. Unfortunately, because of Covid-19, this level of future income is now very unlikely. Even in the longer term, businesses may now be rapidly moving away from a reliance on traditional office space, he said.
As a council, we must respond to these changes, particularly regarding the projects we facilitate or invest in. This has been a tough decision to make but is the right one given the current market and uncertainty about the future. We do strongly believe that the city centre has a role as a location for office provision. By making this decision, we are now giving ourselves time to make sure we, and developers, are able to adapt to those needs, Holmes said.
Derby's Economic Recovery Task Force, a group made up of leaders from both public and private sectors to lead Derby's economic recovery from the effects of the coronavirus crisis, has said it remains confident about the city's future.
The task force is chaired by Paul Simpson, the city council's chief executive.
He said: Securing the future of the city centre is a key priority for us – we're determined to build back better from Covid-19, and that means tightly focusing our energy and resources on key projects to get the best for the city.
This development isn't right for Derby right now, so I commend the decision. We are working with important stakeholders from the private and public sector to precisely understand the impact of the crisis on Derby city centre's business community, he said.
Simpson said, armed with this information, we will be creating a radical new plan that will see more creative business and support within the central area for entrepreneurialism and business growth. We also hope to increase the amount of green space.
City living and quality of life will also be a key focus for us – creating more homes, and flexible workspaces and looking at the economy more widely. New flexible offices will be built at a smaller scale as part of the city's exciting Becketwell initiative.
We've already seen massive support from private developers and the Government who see Derby's potential, and we need to continue our focus on diversifying the city centre.
The developer set to deliver the One Cathedral Green is Wilson Bowden.
Managing director Nick Richardson said: Clearly, having progressed to this stage it is very disappointing that the council has decided not to proceed, although we understand the city's nervousness about the future.
While working from home has been a short-term solution, we do not believe it is a long-term one. We acknowledge that there are some functions that can be fulfilled from home, indeed some potentially better achieved at home. However, the office environment fulfils many functions that are better done in the office such as collaborative working, team meetings, negotiations, motivation, culture, mentoring and networking, he said.
Richardson said, looking forward, we expect to see a hybrid of working part of the week from home and part from the office, so we still see an important role for the office. This shift in working pattern was coming down the line anyway – Covid-19 has just accelerated it. Getting people back into the office will be key to re-energising our city centres until we can get people back living in the city. This is happening but has a long way to go.
Henry Thomas August 19, 2020
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Since forming in 2015, The WildViolets have developed an original and exciting sound, blended of Funk & Neo-Soul while still carrying the sparkle of a pop anthem. The band have played at numerous famed venues across London, including the O2 Academy Islington and supporting Ocean Colour Scene's Steve Craddock at the Amersham Arms in New Cross.
The band are excited to be performing brand new songs from their upcoming second EP with their rich live sound, along with some irresistible dance classics, no one can escape. They're future ambitions lie in gaining a greater London fan base while trying to make people dance at festivals in the next season.
Strictly 18+ (I.D may be required). Music students (ACM, BIMM and ICMP) receive Early Bird Ticket price on the door. Valid student photo ID required and entry is subject to capacity.


text:
Climatological variations in daily hospital admissions for acute coronary syndromes Academic Article
OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between climatologic parameters and daily admissions for non-fatal acute coronary syndromes (ACS) to emergency units of hospitals in the greater Athens area, from January 2001 to August 2002. METHODS: Daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, wind speed, barometric pressure and a thermo-hydrological index (T.H.I.) were measured at the meteorological station of the Laboratory of Climatology of the Geology Department of the University of Athens. In addition, the daily number of admissions for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina in the five major general hospitals in the greater Athens area was recorded. Generalized additive models (GAM) were applied to regress-time-series of daily numbers of outpatients with acute cardiac events against climatological variations, after controlling for possible confounders and adjustment for over dispersion and serial correlation. RESULTS: Five thousand four hundred fifty-eight Athenians with non-fatal acute cardiac events were admitted to the selected hospitals during the period of the study, 4093 (75%) males and 1365 (25%) females. There was a negative correlation between hospital admissions and mean daily temperature (MDT) with a 1 degrees C decrease in mean air temperature yielding a 5% increase in hospital admissions (P<0.05). This association was stronger in females and the elderly (P<0.01). Relative humidity was positively correlated with hospital admissions (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite the relatively short study period (<2 years), these findings suggest a significant association between cold weather and increased coronary heart disease incidence, especially in the elderly and females.
Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B
Chrysohoou, Christina
Pitsavos, Christos
Nastos, Panagiotis
Anadiotis, Aggelos
Tentolouris, Constantinos
Stefanadis, Christodoulos
Toutouzas, Pavlos
Paliatsos, Athanasios
Adult (MeSH)
Age Factors (MeSH)
Climate (MeSH)
Greece (MeSH)
Middle Aged (MeSH)
Patient Admission (MeSH)
Seasons (MeSH)
Sex Factors (MeSH)
International Journal of Cardiology Journal
HEART-DISEASE
MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
climatologic parameters
daily admissions
10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.04.050


text:
Five more tips for successful networking
Yesterday I was helping a client prepare for a networking event, and as many of us do, she expressed anxiety about not knowing anyone there.
Furthermore, she felt that she wouldn't fit in with this group of executives and business people because she's from the nonprofit sector. She believed that nonprofit representatives are always perceived with their hands out looking for sponsors and donors, and that she was somehow inferior to the well-known philanthropists and business people who would be at this event.
She thought she would have nothing to talk to them about, and that their eyes would glaze over when she told them about her organization.
My first thought was, "Whoa, Nelly!" Back up a step here.
1. The grass is always greener
I reminded her that many people wish they were doing more meaningful work. There are probably quite a few executives that she'll meet who wish they could give more time to volunteering for their favorite causes. She's in a position to contribute to the community every day, to focus on her passion for making the world a better place. How lucky is she to do that for a living?
2. Everyone has something to offer
Just because she's not a high-powered executive doesn't mean she has nothing to offer. I suggested that she see herself as a resource, as someone who's there to help and to give, whether it's sharing her favorite business book or her favorite dry cleaner. She can always be thinking of ways to be helpful, no matter which direction the conversation goes.
3. You don't have to talk about yourself
Regarding her concern about eyes glazing over, yes, she will have to talk about what she does when she introduces herself. But beyond that, she should have several ideas of questions she can ask and topics to bring up that focus on the other person. It's more important to be interested in the people she meets than to make them interested in her.
The more she focuses on the other, the more memorable she'll be as someone who's friendly, approachable and a good listener! And she'll build relationships in the process.
4. Don't assume everyone else is comfortable and confident
She assumes that she's the only one in the room who's nervous, but just because someone appears confident doesn't mean they are confident. Realize that most people are in the same boat and feel uncomfortable meeting new people.
One way to make this easier is to find someone else who appears to be alone, and act as a host by introducing herself and striking up a conversation. If they really are alone, they will appreciate the outreach. If they're not alone, soon there will be additional people joining the group for her to meet.
5. Don't assume the other person holds all the cards
I shared this story with her:
I went to a private school for my last two years of high school. I was a day student, a group that made up only about 10% of the whole population. We felt that the boarding students looked down on us because we didn't live at the school and we paid less to go there. We assumed they thought less of us because we weren't as "legit" as they were.
Several years after I graduated, I happened to run into a classmate and we got into a conversation. He told me that the boarding students always thought the day students were snobby, because we had cars and could come and go whenever we wanted, while the boarding students were restricted to campus except for days off. They felt that we were lucky to live at home while attending the school and that somehow we felt superior to them because of these advantages.
My jaw dropped. All this time, I had seen my population as the underdog, in the less-desirable position, when in reality, they saw themselves the same way.
Don't assume that you're the underdog in the story. The other person may very well feel that you have an advantage over them. Another example of the grass being greener on the other side of the fence: Maybe you actually have something the other person wishes they had.
Approach networking as an opportunity to give, to share, to build relationships, and don't worry so much about who's more important than whom, who's more famous than whom, or who's got more than whom. Everyone has something to offer, everyone brings value to the table. Go. Meet. Enjoy!
Here's the original "Five favorite networking tips" post.
Categories: Networking , Taking Risks


Suriya's Si3 is enjoying an unprecedented good run at the box office. The makers of the film had arranged a press meet today (14/2/2017), to celebrate the success of the film's Telugu version. We can expect them to host a similar press event in Chennai very soon.
Meanwhile, Studio Green Productions have stated that Si3 has collected 100 crores in 6 days in spite of the film getting released on a working day (Thursday, 9th Feb). Here is Studio Green's thanks note through their social space, "Releasing on a normal Thursday #Si3Hits100CRIn6Days ! Thank you for all the support fans 🙏".
If their report is said to be true, this would supposedly be the fastest Suriya's film to reach this milestone. We will soon get back to you with the detailed box office split-up from our bankable trade sources.
Special Offers On Si3 Tickets In USA On The ATOM App.
People looking for online information on Hari, Si3, Singam, Suriya will find this news story useful.


Located in Chenango County, in beautiful Central New York!
We are located at 213 Button Rd., West Edmeston, NY 13485.
We are approx. 45 minutes from Cooperstown and the Baseball Hall of Fame, 45 minutes from Oneonta, Norwich, and Utica, all of which have an unlimited amount of things to do and sites to see !!
Coming from south of West Edmeston: Get on Route 8 North. Once you get to the red light in New Berlin, go approx. 10 minutes north, then turn left on County Route 41 (Tallette Road). Go 1 1/2 miles, then turn right on Button Road (NOT Button Falls Road). We are 3/10 of a mile up the road on your left. Blue house. Please come to the front door.
Coming from north of West Edmeston: Get on Route 8 South. Once you get to Bridgewater, go approx. 13 miles south, then turn on County Route 41. Go 1 1/2 miles and turn right on Button Road (NOT Button Falls Road). We are 3/10 mile up the road on your left. Blue house. Please come to the front door.
We are located in Central New York!


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text:
published in journal 'Crystal Growth & Design'
62 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 [Next/Last]
Effect of high pressure on the crystal structures of polymorphs of l-histidine
Giulia Novelli , Helen E. Maynard-casely , Garry J. Mcintyre , Mark R. Warren , Simon Parsons
Crystal Growth & Design
DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01085
Abstract: The effect of pressure on the crystal structures of the two ambient-pressure polymorphs of the amino acid l-histidine has been investigated. Single-crystal diffraction measurements, up to 6.60 GPa for the orthorhombic form I (P212121) and 6.85 GPa for the monoclinic form II (P21), show their crystal structures undergo isosymmetric single-crystal-to-single-crystal first-order phase transitions at 4.5 and 3.1 GPa to forms I′ and II′, respectively. Although the similarity in crystal packing and intermolecular interaction energies between the polymorphs is remarkable at ambient conditions, the manner in which each polymorph responds to pressure is different. Form II is found to be more compressible than form I, with bulk moduli of 11.6(6) GPa and 14.0(5) GPa, respectively. The order of compressibility follows the densities of the polymorphs at ambient conditions (1.450 and 1.439 g cm–3 for phases I and II, respectively). The difference is also related to the space-group symmetry, the softer monoclinic form having more degrees of freedom available to accommodate the change in pressure. In the orthorhombic form, the imidazole-based hydrogen atom involved in the H-bond along the c-direction swaps the acceptor oxygen atom at the transition to phase I′; the same swap occurs just after the phase transition in the monoclinic form and is also preceded by a bifurcation. Concurrently, the H-bond and the long-range electrostatic interaction along the b-direction form a three-centered H-bond at the I to I′ transition, while they swap their character during the II to II′ transition. The structural data were interpreted using periodic-density-functional theory, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, and semiempirical Pixel calculations, which indicate that the transition is driven by minimization of volume, the intermolecular interactions generally being destabilized by the phase transitions. Nevertheless, volume calculations are used to show that networks of intermolecular contacts in both phases are very much less compressible than the interstitial void spaces, having bulk moduli similar to moderately hard metals. The volumes of the networks actually expand over the course of both phase transitions, with the overall unit-cell-volume decrease occurring through larger compression of interstitial void space.
9.8 MAG: A new host lipid for in meso (lipid cubic phase) crystallization of integral membrane proteins
Leendert Van Dalsen , Luke Smithers , Coilin Boland , Dietmar Weichert , Martin Caffrey
Abstract: Monoolein, also referred to as 9.9 MAG, is the most commonly used monoacylglycerol for crystallizing membrane proteins by the in meso method. However, 9.9 MAG does not work for all proteins. Therefore, having available a suite of monoacylglycerols, the members of which differ in acyl chain characteristics such as chain length and position along the chain of the cis-olefinic bond, is an important screening feature. Several monoacylglycerols of this type are available and have proven their worth in enabling the structure determination of high-profile targets, including the β2-adrenoreceptor-Gs protein and the rhodopsin-arrestin complexes, and cytochrome caa3 oxidase. Here a new monoacylglycerol, 9.8 MAG, is introduced. Since the performance in crystallogenesis depends critically on the phase properties of the host lipid, the thermotropic and lyotropic mesophase behavior and microstructure of hydrated 9.8 MAG have been quantified by small-angle X-ray diffraction. The lipid is shown to be compatible with cholesterol at levels typically used in crystallization trials. Further, 9.8 MAG supports the crystallization and structure determination of two benchmark proteins: the α-helical lipoprotein N-acyltransferase, Lnt, and the β-barrel alginate transporter, AlgE. 9.8 MAG can now be included in host lipid screens to optimize the structure determination of a broader range of membrane proteins, many of which are scientifically and medically important.
Effects of 2-monoacylglycerol on in meso crystallization and the crystal structures of integral membrane proteins
Luke Smithers , Leendert Van Dalsen , Coilin Boland , Gerard Reid , Dietmar Weichert , Martin Caffrey
Abstract: Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) are the lipids most commonly used for crystallizing membrane proteins by the in meso method. The acyl chain and glycerol components of MAGs are ester-linked at the sn-1 hydroxyl of glycerol in 1-MAGs. 1-MAGs succumb to spontaneous transacylation where the chain migrates between the sn-1 and sn-2 hydroxyls. In the mesophase formed by 1-monoolein, the most commonly used MAG, equilibrium is reached in two weeks at 6 mol% 2-monoolein. Variability in 2-MAG content appears in synthetic MAGs produced for the purpose of host lipid screening. In the interests of reproducibility, extensive purification has been implemented to minimize the 2-MAG content of newly synthesized lipid. Here we show, with two membrane proteins, that such efforts are not needed. Specifically, the initial 2-MAG content can vary over wide limits without impacting negatively on the crystallization process or on the structures obtained with those crystals. Dispensing with rounds of purification means that MAGs can be produced using protocols that are simpler, faster, less expensive and more environmentally friendly. An added feature of having 2-monoolein in the crystallization mix is that it stabilizes mesophases with bigger aqueous channels, well suited to structure determination of proteins and complexes with large extramembrane domains.
Polymorphism of K2ZrF6
Lubomir Smrcok , Armel Le Bail , Miroslav Boca , Aydar Rakhmatullin
Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12340, 88927]
Abstract: Heating of the K2ZrF6 room temperature monoclinic form-I reveals a complex polymorphism investigated by synchrotron powder temperature-dependent diffraction. The first thermal event at 240 °C corresponds to the quasi-simultaneous apparition of four different phases (noted II to V) of which only three could be indexed and two completely characterized structurally. Form-II (structure unrefined) is very probably hexagonal (a = 6.4473(1) Å, c = 3.8606(1) Å at 264 °C, Z = 1). Form-III is cubic (space group Fm3 ̅m, a = 9.0804(1) Å at 264 °C, Z = 4), related to K3ZrF7. Form-IV remains unindexed, presenting broad diffraction peaks. Form-V is present as a weak impurity at this stage, increasing in proportion after the second thermal event at 288 °C where a new form-VI is built. Form-V is tetragonal (space group P4/nmm, a = 6.3281(1) Å, c = 9.3671(2) Å at 295 °C, Z = 2) and form-VI is orthorhombic (space group Cmcm, a = 6.40840(5) Å, b = 20.7697(2) Å, c = 19.9888(2) Å, at 295 °C, Z = 16). At 317 °C, form-VI transforms into form-V. At 449 °C, a different orthorhombic form-VII is disclosed (space group Pnma, a = 10.3084(1) Å, b = 6.0291(1) Å, c = 23.8023(2) Å, at 495 °C, Z = 8), coexisting with the cubic form-III. On cooling, form VII of which an approach of the crystal structure is provided, returns to form V at 411 °C which looks stable down to 139 °C giving form I back. Isolated ZrF6 octahedra are present in forms-III, -V, -VI, -VII. Form-VI contains also dimeric entities Zr2F12 built from a ZrF7 monocapped trigonal prism sharing a corner with a ZrF6 octahedron. Form-VII structure is related to form-V by quadrupling the tetragonal a parameter, the reversible VVII transition is very probably topotactic. The coexistence of several phases at each temperature above the first transition at 240 °C was observed. Peak multi-splitting is observed at many temperatures that suggests the occurrence of coexisting micro-phases. The parallel existence of several phases was observed also by 19F MAS NMR spectroscopy measured from 250 oC → 410 oC → RT.
Influence of crystal packing on the mechanism of decomposition of the acetonitrile-solvated co-crystal of piroxicam and succinic acid
Xiaojiao Liu , Chiu C. Tang , Elena V. Boldyreva , Colin R. Pulham
DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01189
Abstract: Variable-temperature single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques have been used to study the thermal and mechanical decomposition of the acetonitrile solvate of the co-crystal formed between piroxicam and succinic acid (PRXSA-ACN). The results show that the thermal expansion behavior of PRXSA-ACN is highly anisotropic and can be correlated with structural features of the crystal lattice. Thermally-induced desolvation of PRXSA-ACN led initially to the formation of the α-form of piroxicam and the 1:1 piroxicam:succinic acid co-crystal (PRXSA), and this can be rationalized on the basis of the crystal structure of PRXSA-ACN and its thermal expansion behavior. Subsequent decomposition of PRXSA produced amorphous succinic acid and the thermodynamically more stable β-form of piroxicam. The α- and β-forms co-existed up until the melting point of the α-form, at which point the sample recrystallized to give the β-form of piroxicam. Mechanical treatment (light grinding) of PRXSA-ACN resulted in mild structural damage to the crystal structure and this led to subsequent desolvation.
The anisotropic responses of a flexible metal-organic framework constructed from asymmetric flexible linkers and heptanuclear zinc carboxylate secondary building units
Elliot J. Carrington , Rémi Pétuya , Rebecca K. Hylton , Yong Yan , Dmytro Antypov , George R. Darling , Matthew S. Dyer , Neil G. Berry , Alexandros P. Katsoulidis , Matthew Rosseinsky
Abstract: A new porous and flexible metal-organic framework (MOF) has been synthesised from the flexible asymmetric linker N-(4-Carboxyphenyl)succinamate (CSA) and heptanuclear zinc oxo-clusters of formula [Zn7O2(Carboxylate)10DMF2] involving two coordinated terminal DMF ligands. The structural response of this MOF to the removal or exchange of its guest molecules has been probed using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. The topology of the material, involving double linker connections in the a and b directions and single linker connections along the c axis, is shown to be key in the materials anisotropic response. The a and b directions remain locked during guest removal, while the c axis linker undergoes large changes significantly reducing the material's void space. The changes to the c axis linker involve a combination of a hinge motion on the linker's rigid side and conformational rearrangements on its flexible end, which were probed in detail during this process despite the presence of crystallographic disorder along this axis which prevented accurate characterisation by experimental methods alone. While inactive during guest removal, the flexible ends of the a and b axis linkers are observed to play a prominent role during DMF to DMSO solvent exchange, facilitating the exchange reaction arising in the cluster.
New pharmaceutical cocrystal forms of flurbiprofen: structural, physicochemical and thermodynamic characterization
Artem O. Surov , Alex N. Manin , Alexander P. Voronin , Denis Boycov , Oxana V. Magdysyuk , German L. Perlovich
Abstract: In this work, three new cocrystals of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen with salicylamide, benzamide and picolinamide have been discovered using thermodynamic analysis of solid-liquid binary phase diagrams, and their crystal structures have been determined from the high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data. Solid state DFT calculations have been carried out to gain additional insight into energy differences between the cocrystal structures. The pH-solubility behavior and solubility advantage of the cocrystals have been examined via eutectic concentrations of the components, and the thermodynamic stability relationships between different solid phases have been rationalized in terms of Gibbs energies of the formation reactions. In addition, a new model has been proposed for estimating the solubility product (Ksp) of a cocrystal, based on the experimental intrinsic solubility of the drug and coformer complemented by calculated physicochemical HYBOT descriptors. The applicability of the molecular volume of cocrystal formation as a reliable parameter for clarifying the relationship between the driving force of the cocrystallization process and the structural features of participating solids has been also discussed.
Synthesis of a large, shape-flexible, solvatomorphic porous organic cage
Baiyang Teng , Marc A. Little , Tom Hasell , Samantha Y. Chong , Kim E. Jelfs , Michael E. Briggs , Andrew I. Cooper
Abstract: Porous organic cages have emerged over the last 10 years as a subclass of functional microporous materials. However, among all of the organic cages published, large multicomponent organic cages with 20 components or more are still rare. Here, we present an [8+12] porous organic imine cage, CC20, which has an apparent surface area up to 1752 m2 g-1, depending on the crystallization and activation conditions. The cage is solvatomorphic and displays distinct geometrical cage structures, caused by crystal packing ef-fects, in its crystal structures. This indicates that larger cages can display a certain range of shape flexibility in the solid state, while remaining shape persistent and porous.
Temperature-dependent structural properties, phase transition behaviour and dynamic properties of a benzene derivative in the solid state
Yating Zhou , Rhian Patterson , P. Andrew Williams , Benson M. Kariuki , Colan E. Hughes , Ranita Samanta , Ramesh Devarapalli , C. Malla Reddy , David C. Apperley , Kenneth D. M. Harris
Abstract: We report the solid-state structural properties and phase transition behaviour of 1,4-dibromo-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, demonstrating that this material undergoes an order-disorder phase transition below ambient temperature (at ca. 156 K on cooling and ca. 159 K on heating). In both the high-temperature and low-temperature phases, the crystal structure is based on π-stacking of the molecules. In the high-temperature phase, the bromine and methyl groups are located with essentially equal probability in each of the six substituent positions, and it is shown by natural-abundance solid-state 2H NMR spectroscopy that, at ambient temperature, this disorder is dynamic via rapid molecular reorientation about an axis perpendicular to the aromatic ring. In the low-temperature phase, the bromine and methyl substituents occupy preferred sites within the crystal structure, with the distribution of site occupancies becoming progressively more ordered on decreasing temperature.
Olanzapine form IV: discovery of a new polymorphic form enabled by computed crystal energy landscapes
Sean Askin , Jeremy K. Cockcroft , Louise S. Price , Andrea Goncalves , Min Zhao , Derek A. Tocher , Gareth R. Williams , Simon Gaisford , Duncan Q. M. Craig
Abstract: Olanzapine is a polymorphic drug molecule that has been extensively studied, with over 60 structures reported in the Cambridge Structural Database. All anhydrous and solvated forms of olanzapine known to date contain the SC0 dimer packing motif. In this study, a new screening approach was adopted involving heat-induced forced crystallization from a polymer-based molecular dispersion of olanzapine. Simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry-powder X-ray diffraction (DSC-PXRD) was used to heat the amorphous dispersion and to identify a novel physical form from diffraction and heat flow data. Comparison of the diffraction data with those from a computed crystal energy landscape allowed the crystal structure to be determined. The result was the discovery of a new polymorph, form IV, which does not use the SC0 motif. Hence, while dimer formation is the dominant process that defines crystal packing for olanzapine formed from solution, it seems that molecularly dispersing the drug in a polymeric ma-trix permits crystallization of alternative motifs. Having identified form IV, it proved possible to scale up the synthesis and demonstrate its enhanced dissolution properties over form I.