text:
Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex
Polly Campbell, Christopher J. Schneider, Adura M. Adnan, Zubaid Akbar Mukhtar Ahmad, Thomas H. Kunz
School of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences
Taxonomic relationships within the Old World fruit bat genus, Cynopterus, have been equivocal for the better part of a century. While nomenclature has been revised multiple times on the basis of phenotypic characters, evolutionary relationships among taxa representing the entire geographic range of the genus have not been determined. We used mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships among the three most broadly distributed members of the genus: C. brachyotis, C. horsfieldi, and C. sphinx, and to assess whether C. brachyotis represents a single widespread species, or a complex of distinct lineages. Results clearly indicate that C. brachyotis is a complex of lineages. C. sphinx and C. horsfieldi haplotypes formed monophyletic groups nested within the C. brachyotis species complex. We identified six divergent mitochondrial lineages that are currently referred to C. brachyotis. Lineages from India, Myanmar, Sulawesi, and the Philippines are geographically well-defined, while in Malaysia two lineages, designated Sunda and Forest, are broadly sympatric and may be ecologically distinct. Demographic analyses of the Sunda and Forest lineages suggest strikingly different population histories, including a recent and rapid range expansion in the Sunda lineage, possibly associated with changes in sea levels during the Pleistocene. The resolution of the taxonomic issues raised in this study awaits combined analysis of morphometric characters and molecular data. However, since both the Indian and Malaysian Forest C. brachyotis lineages are apparently ecologically restricted to increasingly fragmented forest habitat, we suggest that reevaluation of the conservation status of populations in these regions should be an immediate goal.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019
Cynopterus
Pteropodidae
forest habitats
habitat fragmentation
range expansion
Demographic expansion
Mismatch distribution
Species complex
Sunda shelf
Campbell, P., Schneider, C. J., Adnan, A. M., Mukhtar Ahmad, Z. A., & Kunz, T. H. (2004). Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33(3), 764-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019
Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. / Campbell, Polly; Schneider, Christopher J.; Adnan, Adura M.; Mukhtar Ahmad, Zubaid Akbar; Kunz, Thomas H.
In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Vol. 33, No. 3, 12.2004, p. 764-781.
Campbell, P, Schneider, CJ, Adnan, AM, Mukhtar Ahmad, ZA & Kunz, TH 2004, 'Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex', Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 764-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019
Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Mukhtar Ahmad ZA, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2004 Dec;33(3):764-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019
Campbell, Polly ; Schneider, Christopher J. ; Adnan, Adura M. ; Mukhtar Ahmad, Zubaid Akbar ; Kunz, Thomas H. / Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2004 ; Vol. 33, No. 3. pp. 764-781.
@article{e3df1fd195f741f48daea4cc01b31d5e,
title = "Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex",
abstract = "Taxonomic relationships within the Old World fruit bat genus, Cynopterus, have been equivocal for the better part of a century. While nomenclature has been revised multiple times on the basis of phenotypic characters, evolutionary relationships among taxa representing the entire geographic range of the genus have not been determined. We used mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships among the three most broadly distributed members of the genus: C. brachyotis, C. horsfieldi, and C. sphinx, and to assess whether C. brachyotis represents a single widespread species, or a complex of distinct lineages. Results clearly indicate that C. brachyotis is a complex of lineages. C. sphinx and C. horsfieldi haplotypes formed monophyletic groups nested within the C. brachyotis species complex. We identified six divergent mitochondrial lineages that are currently referred to C. brachyotis. Lineages from India, Myanmar, Sulawesi, and the Philippines are geographically well-defined, while in Malaysia two lineages, designated Sunda and Forest, are broadly sympatric and may be ecologically distinct. Demographic analyses of the Sunda and Forest lineages suggest strikingly different population histories, including a recent and rapid range expansion in the Sunda lineage, possibly associated with changes in sea levels during the Pleistocene. The resolution of the taxonomic issues raised in this study awaits combined analysis of morphometric characters and molecular data. However, since both the Indian and Malaysian Forest C. brachyotis lineages are apparently ecologically restricted to increasingly fragmented forest habitat, we suggest that reevaluation of the conservation status of populations in these regions should be an immediate goal.",
keywords = "Cynopterus, Demographic expansion, Mismatch distribution, Mitochondrial DNA, Phylogeography, Pleistocene, Species complex, Sunda shelf",
author = "Polly Campbell and Schneider, {Christopher J.} and Adnan, {Adura M.} and {Mukhtar Ahmad}, {Zubaid Akbar} and Kunz, {Thomas H.}",
doi = "10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019",
journal = "Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution",
T1 - Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex
AU - Campbell, Polly
AU - Schneider, Christopher J.
AU - Adnan, Adura M.
AU - Mukhtar Ahmad, Zubaid Akbar
AU - Kunz, Thomas H.
N2 - Taxonomic relationships within the Old World fruit bat genus, Cynopterus, have been equivocal for the better part of a century. While nomenclature has been revised multiple times on the basis of phenotypic characters, evolutionary relationships among taxa representing the entire geographic range of the genus have not been determined. We used mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships among the three most broadly distributed members of the genus: C. brachyotis, C. horsfieldi, and C. sphinx, and to assess whether C. brachyotis represents a single widespread species, or a complex of distinct lineages. Results clearly indicate that C. brachyotis is a complex of lineages. C. sphinx and C. horsfieldi haplotypes formed monophyletic groups nested within the C. brachyotis species complex. We identified six divergent mitochondrial lineages that are currently referred to C. brachyotis. Lineages from India, Myanmar, Sulawesi, and the Philippines are geographically well-defined, while in Malaysia two lineages, designated Sunda and Forest, are broadly sympatric and may be ecologically distinct. Demographic analyses of the Sunda and Forest lineages suggest strikingly different population histories, including a recent and rapid range expansion in the Sunda lineage, possibly associated with changes in sea levels during the Pleistocene. The resolution of the taxonomic issues raised in this study awaits combined analysis of morphometric characters and molecular data. However, since both the Indian and Malaysian Forest C. brachyotis lineages are apparently ecologically restricted to increasingly fragmented forest habitat, we suggest that reevaluation of the conservation status of populations in these regions should be an immediate goal.
AB - Taxonomic relationships within the Old World fruit bat genus, Cynopterus, have been equivocal for the better part of a century. While nomenclature has been revised multiple times on the basis of phenotypic characters, evolutionary relationships among taxa representing the entire geographic range of the genus have not been determined. We used mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships among the three most broadly distributed members of the genus: C. brachyotis, C. horsfieldi, and C. sphinx, and to assess whether C. brachyotis represents a single widespread species, or a complex of distinct lineages. Results clearly indicate that C. brachyotis is a complex of lineages. C. sphinx and C. horsfieldi haplotypes formed monophyletic groups nested within the C. brachyotis species complex. We identified six divergent mitochondrial lineages that are currently referred to C. brachyotis. Lineages from India, Myanmar, Sulawesi, and the Philippines are geographically well-defined, while in Malaysia two lineages, designated Sunda and Forest, are broadly sympatric and may be ecologically distinct. Demographic analyses of the Sunda and Forest lineages suggest strikingly different population histories, including a recent and rapid range expansion in the Sunda lineage, possibly associated with changes in sea levels during the Pleistocene. The resolution of the taxonomic issues raised in this study awaits combined analysis of morphometric characters and molecular data. However, since both the Indian and Malaysian Forest C. brachyotis lineages are apparently ecologically restricted to increasingly fragmented forest habitat, we suggest that reevaluation of the conservation status of populations in these regions should be an immediate goal.
KW - Cynopterus
KW - Demographic expansion
KW - Mismatch distribution
KW - Mitochondrial DNA
KW - Phylogeography
KW - Pleistocene
KW - Species complex
KW - Sunda shelf
U2 - 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019
DO - 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019
JO - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
JF - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Glass.Mapper.Pipelines.ObjectConstruction;

namespace Glass.Mapper.Caching
{
    public interface ICacheKeyGenerator
    {
        string Generate(ObjectConstructionArgs args);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Birmingham snow
Snowed off! Harry Potter, Ken Dodd and Royal Ballet shows among events cancelled
The Coca-Cola truck, which is currently parked at the Big Wheel and ice rink, has also shut
Josh Layton
BIRMINGHAM'S entertainment programme has been snowed off with sledging the outdoors pursuit of choice across the region.
The Harry Potter and Chamber of Secrets concert at the Genting Arena was cancelled just hours before the show was due to start this afternoon.
The Arena said on Facebook: "UPDATE: Unfortunately, today's Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets™ In Concert show has been postponed due to extreme weather conditions. More information on refunds, rescheduled dates, etc will follow shortly."
The show was one of the biggest tickets to fall foul of today's blizzard, with fans left waiting into the early afternoon for a decision on the 4pm performance.
Ken Dodd's show at Wolverhampton's Wulfrun Hall and Birmingham Royal Ballet's performance of The Nutcracker at the Birmingham Hippodrome were also cancelled.
The Hippodrome thanked customers for their patience and said they would be contacted by the box office later in the week.
The Salvation Army's Christmas concert, which had been scheduled for The Symphony Hall, suffered the same fate.
However that didn't stop those who did make it to the venue from smiling and thinking of others.
The Birmingham Citadel said on its Facebook page: "After the disappointment of having to cancel our Christmas with The Salvation Army event today, some of those who made it to Symphony Hall met at Starbucks to spend time together and refuel before the long drive home.
"Praying for all those out driving today."
The snow also provided some fun in Leamington as sledgers headed for Newbold Comyn park.
Birmingham's ice skating rink and big wheel made an early decision to shut down.
Organisers have closed the city centre attractions for safety reasons as the adverse weather conditions scuppered plans to stay open through wintry conditions this year.
The ice rink and wheel, in Eastside Park, have fallen foul of conditions that would otherwise make a picture-perfect winter wonderland spectacle on what should have been a day of peak visitors.
Snow batters West Midlands
Live: School closures, buses, trains...
These National Express West Midlands...
Tuesday school closures - what we kn...
Mass school closures for Birmingham ...
A message from the organisers announcing the closure read: "This is due to the SNOW in Birmingham.
"Public safety is our focus. All pre-booked tickets will be moved to a new date and time after consultation with customers."
Customers are advised to visit the website for further information, with the box office closed and not taking calls.
Ice Skate Birmingham also tweeted a picture of a huge mound of snow at the site.
The Coca-Cola truck, which is currently parked at the attraction, has also shut.
A message on Ice Skate Birmingham's Facebook's page read: "The Coca-Cola Christmas Truck is also CANCELLED TODAY
"There has been lots of snow overnight making difficult driving conditions across the Midlands.
"You should only travel if absolutely necessary."
The Coca Cola Truck is at a new location this year
This year the ice rink had been put under a roof for the first time to see off any adverse weather.
It was aimed at ensuring people could get tickets without having to check the conditions first.
The ice rink, opposite Millennium Point, can accommodate 300 people on over 600 square metres of iced surface at any one time.
It also has the wheel and ice lounge which offers festive food and drinks to skaters and spectators.
For more information visit: http://www.iceskatebirmingham.co.uk/
Birmingham Hippodrome
Genting Arena
Wolverhampton Wulfrun Hall
Birmingham Royal Ballet
Birmingham weather


text:
Denna lista över falska vänner mellan svenska och engelska innehåller ord i de båda språken som liknar varandra, men har skilda betydelser, och kan förväxlas av personer med hyggliga kunskaper i de båda språken. Falska vänner kan vara ord med gemensamt ursprung såväl som språköverskridande homonymer. Vissa är pseudoanglicismer, alltså ord som stavas på engelskt sätt, men inte betyder samma, oftast felaktigt lånade.

Se även
 Lista över falska vänner
 Lista över falska vänner mellan svenska och tyska
 Lista över falska vänner mellan svenska och övriga nordiska språk
 Lista över falska vänner mellan svenska och engelska på Wiktionary (engelska)

Referenser

Vidare läsning

Falska vänner mellan svenska och engelska
Engelska
Svenska

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Happy New Year to you all. Feeling inspired or do you need to be?
Well for those of you who experience hypersensitivity I am sure you can do with some inspiration so here we go!
No two symptoms are the same and neither are two patients.
There are so many labels for illnesses that could incorporate an element of chronic fatigue.
In part 4 we talked about the breakdown in communication using various analogies. To really understand the underlying cause of hypersensitivity, we really need to look at the body's neurological system.


text:
Tribute to Brian Finlay
Mr GREG PIPER (Lake Macquarie)—I wish to acknowledge a wonderful member of the Dora Creek community who caused quite a stir last week when he hung up his butcher's apron for a life in retirement.
Brian Finlay has been a butcher for 50 years but has spent the past 30 years at Martin's Meats in Walmsley Street.
In an age where the big supermarket chains have threatened the very existence of his trade as well as the local butcher's store, Brian has held firm with good old-fashioned service.
He is a popular local who has formed many friendships with his army of customers over the years, but has decided to put his apron on the hook and take his wife away to her native Scotland for a well-earned break.
Brian did his apprenticeship 50 years ago in Newcastle but spent the final three decades of his career in Dora Creek working for Pat Martin.
His local customers have told me they'll miss him and his much-loved banter, although his co-workers believe he'll find it hard to stay away from the place.
I wish him well in his retirement.


We gladly welcome the participation of passionate, creative and original writers on our website for writing the guest posts. By contributing to our website, you can get exposure to our 5 million unique visitors, 2.3 Million Pinterest followers, and 162K Facebook followers.
We always encourage garden writers to contribute an original article related to the topic of our website and showcase in front of our wide audience.
The purpose is to help you to reach out to a new audience base, share your skills and teach something to the community.
Why Contribute to Balcony Garden Web?
Your post will receive broad exposure, but most importantly you'll be sharing information with other people that genuinely come to this site wanting to learn about gardening.
All posts include a backlink to your site. Most contributors will find that featuring their article on BalconyGardenWeb.com increases traffic, reach and followers to their website or blog.
Some basic guidelines are written below for writing a guest post for us. Please read them carefully and send us your post accordingly.
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Please use the form Below to send us the post.
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And of course the guest post.


text:
ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20140907182654) do

  create_table "gulucas", force: true do |t|
    t.string   "nombre"
    t.string   "correo"
    t.datetime "created_at"
    t.datetime "updated_at"
  end

end


text:
Clarke, Rebecca (Thacher)
Clarke, Rebecca (Thacher), English-born American composer and violisi; b. Harrow, Aug. 27, 1886; d. N.Y., Oct. 13, 1979. She studied violin with Hans Wessely at the Royal Academy of Music (1902–04) and composition with Stanford at the Royal Coll. of Music (1904–10) in London. She then switched to the viola, taking a few private lessons from Tertis and becoming the first female member of Henry Wood's Queen Hall Orch. (1912). In 1928 she formed the English Ensemble, with which she played until 1929. She married James Friskin in 1944; she then lived in N.Y. Her music, comprising entirely chamber works, was quite advanced, being on the fringe of atonality in outline, but remaining firmly rooted in English Impressionism. For some of her compositions, she used the name Anthony Trent.
Violin Sonata (1909); Morpheus for Viola and Piano (1917); Viola Sonata (1919); Piano Trio (1921); String Quartet (1924); Epilogue for Cello and Piano (1921); Chinese Puzzle for Violin and Piano (1921); Rhapsody for Cello and Piano (1923); Midsummer Moon for Violin and Piano (1924); 3 Old English Songs for Voice and Piano (1924); 3 Irish Country Songs for Voice and Violin (1926); Prelude, Allegro, and Pastorale for Clarinet and Viola (1941; Berkeley, Calif., Aug. 6, 1942); Combined Carols for String Quartet and Strings (1941); Passacaglia on an Old English Tune for Viola and Piano (1941); over 60 songs.
—Nicolas Slonimsky/Laura Kuhn/Dennis McIntire
Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians
"Clarke, Rebecca (Thacher) ." Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. . Encyclopedia.com. 13 Jan. 2021 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Clarke, Rebecca (Thacher) ." Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. . Encyclopedia.com. (January 13, 2021). https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/clarke-rebecca-thacher
"Clarke, Rebecca (Thacher) ." Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. . Retrieved January 13, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/clarke-rebecca-thacher
Feldman, Morton , Morton Feldman Composer, pianist Musical Gifts Discovered Early Began Using Graph Notation Works Known for a Signature Stillness Selected composition… Vincent Persichetti , Persichetti, Vincent (Ludwig) Persichetti, Vincent (Ludwig), remarkable American composer and pedagogue whose finely amalgamated instrumental and sym… Moscheles, Ignaz , Moscheles, Ignaz Moscheles, Ignaz , eminent Czech-born pianist, conductor, pedagogue, and composer; b. Prague, May 23, 1794; d. Leipzig, March 10, 18… Daniel Gregory Mason , Mason, Daniel Gregory Mason, Daniel Gregory Mason, Daniel Gregory, eminent American composer and educator, grandson of Lowell Mason and nephew of Wil… Edward Alexander Macdowell , MacDowell, Edward (Alexander), greatly significant American composer; b. N.Y., Dec. 18,1860; d. there, Jan. 23,1908. His father was a Scotch-Irish tr… Robert Sherlaw Johnson , Johnson, Robert Sherlaw (b Sunderland, 1932); d Appleton, Oxon., 2000. Eng. composer and pianist. Lect., Leeds Univ., 1961–5, York Univ., 1965–70, Ox…
Boykan, Martin
Ballou, Esther (Williamson)
Wijdeveld, Wolfgang
Imbrie, Andrew (Welsh)
Heggie, Jake (actually John Stephen)
York, Wes(ley)
Haubiel (real name, Pratt), Charles Trowbridge
Brown, Merton (Luther)
Clarke, Rebecca (1886–1979)
Clarke, Peter Frederick
Clarke, Peter 1936-
Clarke, Pauline
Clarke, Patricia Hannah (1919–)
Clarke, Patricia
Clarke, Norma 1948–
Clarke, Mother Mary Frances
Clarke, Maura (1931–)
Clarke, Mary Victoria (Novello) Cowden
Clarke, Mary Goulden (d. 1910)
Clarke, Mary Frances (1803–1887)
Clarke, Mary Cowden (1809–1898)
Clarke, Mary Bayard (1827–1886)
Clarke, Mary Anne (c. 1776–1852)
Clarke, Mary (1924–)
Clarke, Mary
Clarke, Martha (1944–)
Clarke, Margaret
Clarke, Marcus (Andrew Hislop)
Clarke, Mae (1907–1992)
Clarke, Lewis G.
Clarke, Lenny 1953–
Clarke, Lee 1946(?)-
Clarke, Rebecca Sophia
Clarke, Rebecca Sophia (1833–1906)
Clarke, Rebecca Thacher
Clarke, Richard
Clarke, Richard A. 1950–
Clarke, Richard A. 1951-
Clarke, Robert 1920–
Clarke, Robert B. 1942-
Clarke, Robert Earle ("Bobby")
Clarke, Samuel (1675–1729)
Clarke, Sarah 1919-2002 (Sister Sarah Clarke)
Clarke, Sarah 1972–
Clarke, Sarah Jones (1840–1929)
Clarke, Shirley
Clarke, Shirley (1925–1997)
Clarke, Stanley
Clarke, Stanley (M.)
Clarke, Stanley 1951-
Clarke, Stephen 1958–
Clarke, Susanna 1959-
Clarke, T. E. B.
Clarke, Terence 1943-
Clarke, Torie 1959-
Clarke, Victoria Mary
Clarke, Walter


text:
Australian fishing company penalised almost $50,000 for underpaying Indonesian crew
Penalty for underpayment of overseas worker at Brisbane restaurant
Fair Work Ombudsman launches flexibility and diversity courses for small business
Fair Work Ombudsman to audit 200 businesses in Gippsland region
Fair Work Ombudsman to audit 200 businesses in NSW Southern Highlands and Shoalhaven region
Penalties for "appalling" conduct in unlawfully deducting $130 000 from cleaners' wages
Penalty for employer who viewed Asian workers as "younger, cheaper and faster" than locals
Free advice for small business payroll specialists
Statement on 417 visa-holders
Hundreds of workers picking mushrooms allegedly short-changed almost $650,000
McDonald's continues to show its commitment to young workers
Australian charities face scrutiny in new Inquiry
Penalties imposed over threats to Indian doctor
An Australian fishing company and its director have been penalised a total of almost $50,000 for underpaying four Indonesian crew tens of thousands of dollars.
The fishing company – formerly called Australian Wild Tuna Pty Ltd and recently renamed Stella Del Mare Pty Ltd – has received a $43,200 penalty after admitting it underpaid the four employees, who were in Australia on 457 skilled worker visas, a total of $43,481.
Company director and manager Angelo Maiorana, of Sydney, has been penalised a further $5120 for his role in the underpayments.
The penalties, imposed in the Federal Circuit Court, are the result of legal action by the Fair Work Ombudsman.
Judge Nicholas Manousaridis ordered that part of the penalties be paid to the underpaid workers, who have been only partially back-paid, to rectify any entitlements that remain outstanding.
Fair Work Ombudsman Natalie James says the penalties send a message that there are serious consequences for exploiting overseas workers in Australia.
"We treat underpayment of overseas workers particularly seriously because they can be vulnerable if they are unaware of their rights or reluctant to complain," Ms James said.
The four underpaid employees - three deckhands and an engineer – worked on two tuna fishing vessels, the Santo Rocco and the Challenge, in waters off the east coast between Sydney and Queensland's Sunshine Coast between July, 2012 and June, 2013.
The Santo Rocco primarily docked in NSW and the Challenge primarily docked in Queensland.
The underpayments, individually ranging from $7113 to $12,604, were primarily the result of a regular failure to pay employees' minimum wages and unlawful deductions from wages. Record-keeping and pay slip laws were also contravened.
The underpayments persisted over a significant period, with Maiorana promising employees that when company financial difficulties were resolved their outstanding wages would be paid in full.
Judge Manousaridis found that as time went on, Maiorana acted unreasonably in believing that he would be able to pay any shortfall in wages.
Judge Manousaridis said the underpayments were significant and the company's financial difficulties were no excuse for failing to pay the employees their full lawful entitlements.
The penalty imposed should "signal to the community not only the importance of employers complying with their obligations to pay the correct amount of wages; it should also signal the importance of employers complying with such obligations even at times when the employer's business faces financial stress," Judge Manousaridis said.
Employers and employees seeking assistance can visit www.fairwork.gov.au or contact the Fair Work Infoline on 13 13 94. An interpreter service is available by calling 13 14 50.
Ryan Pedler, Director of Media


Official Release: The BLOOD IN THE SNOW CANADIAN FILM FESTIVAL ("BITS") returns for a sixth year of thrills, chills, and bloody Canuck carnage. With ten programs over four days, BITS 2017 promises to be the biggest and baddest celebration of Canadian horror, genre and underground film ever seen.
BITS is proud to announce this year's lineup, which kicks off with the world premiere of the vampire apocalypse film RED SPRING, the directorial debut from Toronto's own Jeff Sinasac. The slate spans all ends of Canadian genre from the sci-fi martial arts flick KILL ORDER by James Mark, to the haunted route down BUCKOUT ROAD, from Matthew Currie Holmes, and the doc-style whodunit, FAKE BLOOD directed by Rob Grant. And BITS always feels more complete with a good holiday slasher like ONCE UPON A TIME AT CHRISTMAS, directed by Paul Tanter.
The fan favourite BITS SHORT FILM SHOWCASE is back in prime time with shorts from BITS veterans including Gigi Saul Guerrero (BESTIA) and Tyler A. Williams (BEHIND THE CURTAIN), as well as new comers like G-hey Kim (DON'T CLICK) and Alyx Melone (TALKING HEADS).
The fest closes with the much anticipated return of award winning director, Audrey Cummings, with the Canadian premiere of DARKEN, featuring Christine Horne (Hyena Road) and Ari Millen (Orphan Black), and starring Natasha Negovanlis (Carmilla).
BITS 2017 continues its popular workshop series, featuring panels with some of the biggest names in Canadian genre filmmaking. Topics this year include Horror in Virtual Reality, the Shorts-to-Features workshop, and the Kickass Women of Canadian Horror. The panels take place at The Monarch Tavern, which is also the new home of the infamous BITS AT THE BAR after-parties.
The world has ended, taking humanity with it. With vampires numbering in the millions, humans have become an endangered species. It's against this backdrop that we meet Ray – a loving husband and father searching for his wife and daughter. Joined by a group of survivors dealing with their own grief and anger, his search takes them through Ontario until they meet another who offers a chance at life and respite from their vampiric predators. But how can safe harbour be found when danger stalks them at every turn?
Blood Child a supernatural horror thriller based on a true story. A young woman, Ashley DiAngelo suffers a devastating miscarriage. In a desperate attempt to get over the agony of losing her child, Ashley resorts to the South East Asian black magic practice of raising her own "ghost child". She seeks the help of her Indonesian maid, Siti, and tasks her to find a "bomoh" (witch doctor) who is able to trap the soul of unborn children. However, what Ashley does not realize is that there are terms and conditions attached to raising a ghost child. When Ashley finds herself pregnant again, a series of terrifying events begin to unfold in the DiAngelo home. The family soon learns that the ghost child is not about to play second fiddle to the impending new addition to the family and unleashes an unspeakable evil upon the family.
Two filmmakers receive a disturbing fan video inspired by one of their horror films; motivating them to investigate their responsibility portraying violent cinema and introducing them to the real world of violent criminals and their victims.
A special feature length program of premieres of the hottest new Canadian short genre films.
Anna and Ellery discover different interpretations of the word "fun".
In the middle of the night, a man is haunted by the manifestation of his fears.
Phil and Gerty play their usual Sunday afternoon game of "Letters". But today is different. Something dark boils below the surface of the game, setting off a series of unexpected events, forever changing their marriage.
A man with an uncontrollable Itch on his hand goes through increasingly extreme measures to get rid of it.
A young man watches a snuff film sent to his email. When the film stops half way through, he has the option to continue. To find out what happens next, all he has to do is click.
Sensing a strange presence, Lauren awakes to a seemingly empty home. Upon investigation, she soon realizes that there is something much darker at play.
A couple of backwoods hicks discover a time machine in the woods. Rather than use it to do something smart, like bet on sports or game the stock market, they use it to hunt each other. Repeatedly.
It seems like an ordinary night when Emily turns out the lights in her apartment, little does she know that her night would become a living nightmare.
BESTIA follows the lone survivor (played by Mathias Retamal) of a disaster as he awakens on a deserted beach. It becomes clear that there are more dangers lurking in the woods than a hungry beast.
A serial killer continues his macabre hobby during a zombie outbreak.
Inspired by true events, residential school survivor Jacob Wematim (Julian Black Antelope), struggles to hang onto his family, land and identity as his personal demons threaten to manifest in the form of the Wendigo spirit (Wilma Pelly) and take it all away.
An expectant couple's intimate weekend turns to terror when they discover their secluded country inn is a haunted maternity home where unwanted infants and mothers were murdered. Inspired by the true story of the infamous 'Butterbox Babies', THE CHILD REMAINS is a twisting supernatural thriller that emphasizes story and suspense over shock and gore. From the producer of the acclaimed horror thriller The Corridor, starring Cannes Best Actress winner Suzanne Clement (Mommy), Allan Hawco (Frontier), Shelley Thompson (Labyrinth) and genre hero Geza Kovacs (Scanners, The Dead Zone), THE CHILD REMAINS is about the evil that lurks behind the postcard.
After losing his family in a car accident and seeing his latest work bomb, famous novelist, Kennedy Sait, becomes a recluse and turns to drugs and alcohol to numb the pain he feels. Struggling to make it through day-to-day, Kennedy's life is turned around after meeting his neighbour's new wife, Patricia. Infatuated with her, she becomes his "muse" and she not only inspires him to create again, but she also inspires him to live again. But his infatuation with her becomes a dangerous obsession. To ensure he doesn't lose Patricia, he kidnaps her and keeps her prisoner in his attic. Police comb the neighbourhood, hoping to find a trace of the missing woman, never knowing that she is right under their noses the whole time. Patricia tries keeping a level head and is always looking for a way to escape, though she fears she may never break free of her capture as Kennedy's grasp on reality continues on a frightening downward spiral.
This entry was posted on Tuesday, November 7th, 2017 at 4:58 pm	and is filed under Events, Film, News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.
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text:
//  Copyright 2004, 2008 The Apache Software Foundation
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package org.apache.tapestry.pageload;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.tapestry.*;
import org.apache.tapestry.engine.IMonitor;
import org.apache.tapestry.engine.IPageSource;
import org.apache.tapestry.resolver.PageSpecificationResolver;
import org.apache.tapestry.util.MultiKey;
import org.apache.tapestry.util.pool.Pool;

/**
 *  A source for pages for a particular application.  Each application
 *  should have its own PageSource, storing it into the
 *  {@link javax.servlet.ServletContext} using a unique key (usually built from
 *  the application name).
 *
 *
The PageSource acts as a pool for {@link IPage} instances.
 *  Pages are retrieved from the pool using {@link #getPage(IRequestCycle, String, IMonitor)}
 *  and are later returned to the pool using {@link #releasePage(IPage)}.
 *
 *
 *
TBD: Pooled pages stay forever.  Need a strategy for cleaning up the pool,
 *  tracking which pages have been in the pool the longest, etc.  A mechanism
 *  for reporting pool statistics would be useful.
 *
 *  @author Howard Lewis Ship
 *
 **/

public class PageSource implements IPageSource
{
    /**
     *  Key used to find PageLoader instances in the Pool.
     *
     **/

    private static final String PAGE_LOADER_POOL_KEY = "org.apache.tapestry.PageLoader";

    /**
     * Key used to find {@link PageSpecificationResolver} instance
     * in the pool.
     */

    private static final String PAGE_SPECIFICATION_RESOLVER_KEY =
        "org.apache.tapestry.PageSpecificationResolver";

    private IResourceResolver _resolver;

    /**
     *  The pool of {@link IPage}s.  The key is a {@link MultiKey},
     *  built from the page name and the page locale.  This is a reference
     *  to a shared pool.
     *
     *  @see IEngine#getPool()
     *
     **/

    private Pool _pool;

    public PageSource(IEngine engine)
    {
        _resolver = engine.getResourceResolver();
        _pool = engine.getPool();
    }

    public IResourceResolver getResourceResolver()
    {
        return _resolver;
    }

    /**
     *  Builds a key for a named page in the application's current locale.
     *
     **/

    protected MultiKey buildKey(IEngine engine, String pageName)
    {
        Object[] keys;

        keys = new Object[] { pageName, engine.getLocale()};

        // Don't make a copy, this array is just for the MultiKey.

        return new MultiKey(keys, false);
    }

    /**
     *  Builds a key from an existing page, using the page's name and locale.  This is
     *  used when storing a page into the pool.
     *
     **/

    protected MultiKey buildKey(IPage page)
    {
        Object[] keys;

        keys = new Object[] { page.getPageName(), page.getLocale()};

        // Don't make a copy, this array is just for the MultiKey.

        return new MultiKey(keys, false);
    }

    /**
     *  Gets the page from a pool, or otherwise loads the page.  This operation
     *  is threadsafe.
     *
     **/

    public IPage getPage(IRequestCycle cycle, String pageName, IMonitor monitor)
    {
        IEngine engine = cycle.getEngine();
        Object key = buildKey(engine, pageName);
        IPage result = (IPage) _pool.retrieve(key);

        if (result == null)
        {
            monitor.pageCreateBegin(pageName);

            // Resolvers are not threadsafe, so we get one from
            // the pool or create as needed.

            PageSpecificationResolver pageSpecificationResolver = getPageSpecificationResolver(cycle);

            pageSpecificationResolver.resolve(cycle, pageName);

            // Likewise PageLoader

            PageLoader loader = getPageLoader(cycle);

            try
            {
                result =
                    loader.loadPage(
                        pageSpecificationResolver.getSimplePageName(),
                        pageSpecificationResolver.getNamespace(),
                        cycle,
                        pageSpecificationResolver.getSpecification());
            }
            finally
            {
                discardPageLoader(loader);
                discardPageSpecificationResolver(pageSpecificationResolver);
            }

            monitor.pageCreateEnd(pageName);
        }
        else
        {
            // The page loader attaches the engine, but a page from
            // the pool needs to be explicitly attached.

            result.attach(engine);
            result.setRequestCycle(cycle);
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     *  Invoked to obtain an instance of
     *  {@link PageLoader}.  An instance if aquired from the pool or,
     *  if none are available, created fresh.
     *
     *  @since 3.0
     *
     **/

    protected PageLoader getPageLoader(IRequestCycle cycle)
    {
        PageLoader result = (PageLoader) _pool.retrieve(PAGE_LOADER_POOL_KEY);

        if (result == null)
            result = new PageLoader(cycle);

        return result;
    }

    /**
     *  Invoked once the {@link PageLoader} is not
     *  longer needed; it is then returned to the pool.
     *
     *  @since 3.0
     *
     **/

    protected void discardPageLoader(PageLoader loader)
    {
        _pool.store(PAGE_LOADER_POOL_KEY, loader);
    }

    /**
     * Invoked to obtain an instance of {@link PageSpecificationResolver}.
     * An instance is acquired form the pool or, if none are available,
     * a new one is instantiated.
     *
     * @since 3.0
     */

    protected PageSpecificationResolver getPageSpecificationResolver(IRequestCycle cycle)
    {
        PageSpecificationResolver result =
            (PageSpecificationResolver) _pool.retrieve(PAGE_SPECIFICATION_RESOLVER_KEY);

        if (result == null)
            result = new PageSpecificationResolver(cycle);

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Invoked once the {@link PageSpecificationResolver} is no longer
     * needed, it is returned to the pool.
     *
     * @since 3.0
     */

    protected void discardPageSpecificationResolver(PageSpecificationResolver resolver)
    {
        _pool.store(PAGE_SPECIFICATION_RESOLVER_KEY, resolver);
    }

    /**
     *  Returns the page to the appropriate pool.  Invokes
     *  {@link IPage#detach()}.
     *
     **/

    public void releasePage(IPage page)
    {
        Tapestry.clearMethodInvocations();

        page.detach();

        Tapestry.checkMethodInvocation(Tapestry.ABSTRACTPAGE_DETACH_METHOD_ID, "detach()", page);

        _pool.store(buildKey(page), page);
    }

    /**
     *  Invoked (during testing primarily) to release the entire pool
     *  of pages, and the caches of bindings and assets.
     *
     **/

    public synchronized void reset()
    {
        _pool.clear();
    }

    public String toString()
    {
        ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(this);

        builder.append("pool", _pool);
        builder.append("resolver", _resolver);

        return builder.toString();
    }

}


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text:
Тољанска жупанија () је једна од прекодунавских жупанија, налази се у јужној прекодунавској регији Мађарске. Седиште жупаније је град Сексард.

У овој жупанији се налази једини српски манастир у Мађарској - Грабовац. У жупанији Толни се налази једино место са малобројним српским становништвом - Медина.

Положај жупаније
Жупанија Толна заузима јужни и средишњи део Мађарске и не излази на државне границе. Границе жупаније су:
 на северу: Фејерска жупанија,
 на истоку: Дунав, а преко Бач-Кишкунска жупанија,
 на југу Барањска жупанија и
 на западу Шомођска жупанија.

Природне одлике
Рељеф: Јужни део жупаније је брдовити и пошумљен и тај предео заузимају Мечек планине (-{Mecsek-hegység}-). Остали део у средишњем делу и на северу је претежно равничарски. Најнижи део жупаније је приобаље Дунава на истоку.

Клима у Толни је умерено континентална.

Воде: Најважнији водоток је река Дунав, који је источна граница жупаније. Сви остали водотоци су мали и његове су притоке.

Становништво

Толна је, по попису из 2011. године, имала 230.361 становника, да би по проценама из 2013. године имала још мање становника (229.942).

У жупанији, поред Мађара, нема бројнијих мањина, осим Цигана (чији је број обично већи од званичног). Немци су данас занемарљива заједница у односу на пре једног века. Срба је раније било у невеликом броју у пар насеља, распршених по источном делу жупаније. Данас сасвим мале заједнице Срба постоје у насељима Медина и Стара Нана.

Управна подела

Срезови у жупанији

Срезови у жупанији Толна су:
 Боњхадски срез, са средиштем у Боњхаду;
 Домбоварски срез, са средиштем у Домбовару;
 Пакски срез, са средиштем у Паксу;
 Сексарддски срез, са средиштем у Сексарду;
 Тамашки срез, са средиштем у Тамашима;
 Тоњански срез, са средиштем у Толни.

Месна самоуправа
Срески градови: Једини град у овом звању и правима је седиште жупаније, град Сексард -{Szekszárd}-.

Градови-општине су (у заградама су оригинална имена на мађарском језику):
 Батасек -{Bátaszék}-
 Боњхад -{Bonyhád}-
 Домбовар -{Dombóvár}-
 Дунафелдвар -{Dunaföldvár}-
 Ђенк -{Gyönk}-
 Нађмањок -{Nagymányok}-
 Пакш -{Paks}-
 Тамаши -{Tamási}-
 Толна -{Tolna}-
 Шимонторња -{Simontornya}-

Сеоске општине су (у заградама су оригинална имена на мађарском језику):

 Алшонана -{Alsónána}-;
 Алшоњек -{Alsónyék}-;
 Апархант -{Aparhant}-;
 Атала -{Attala}-;
 Бата -{Báta}-;
 Батаапати -{Bátaapáti}-;
 Белешка -{Belecska}-;
 Бикач -{Bikács}-;
 Бођисло -{Bogyiszló}-;
 Боњхадварашд -{Bonyhádvarasd}-;
 Белчке -{Bölcske}-;
 Варшад -{Varsád}-;
 Вараља -{Váralja}-;
 Вардомб -{Várdomb}-;
 Варонг -{Várong}-;
 Герјен -{Gerjen}-;
 Грабоц -{Grábóc}-;
 Далманд -{Dalmand}-;
 Деч -{Decs}-;
 Диошберењ -{Diósberény}-;
 Дебрекез -{Döbrököz}-;
 Дунасентђерђ -{Dunaszentgyörgy}-;
 Дуж -{Dúzs}-;
 Ђере -{Györe}-;
 Ђеркењ -{Györköny}-;

 Ђулај -{Gyulaj}-;
 Ертењ -{Értény}-;
 Ечењ -{Őcsény}-;
 Завод -{Závod}-;
 Зомба -{Zomba}-;
 Ирегсемче -{Iregszemcse}-;
 Измењ -{Izmény}-;
 Јагонак -{Jágónak}-;
 Кајдач -{Kajdacs}-;
 Какашд -{Kakasd}-;
 Калазно -{Kalaznó}-;
 Капошпула -{Kapospula}-;
 Капошсегче -{Kaposszekcső}-;
 Кесехидегкут -{Keszőhidegkút}-;
 Кећ -{Kéty}-;
 Кишдорог -{Kisdorog}-;
 Кишмањок -{Kismányok}-;
 Кишсекељ -{Kisszékely}-;
 Киштормаш -{Kistormás}-;
 Кишвејке -{Kisvejke}-;
 Кочола -{Kocsola}-;
 Копањсанто -{Koppányszántó}-;
 Келешд -{Kölesd}-;
 Курд -{Kurd}-;
 Лапафе -{Lápafő}-;

 Ленђел -{Lengyel}-;
 Мадоча -{Madocsa}-;
 Мађаркеси -{Magyarkeszi}-;
 Медина -{Medina}-;
 Мисла -{Miszla}-;
 Морађ -{Mórágy}-;
 Мечењ -{Mőcsény}-;
 Мучфа -{Mucsfa}-;
 Мучи -{Mucsi}-;
 Мурга -{Murga}-;
 Нађдорог -{Nagydorog}-;
 Нађкоњи -{Nagykónyi}-;
 Нађсекељ -{Nagyszékely}-;
 Нађсокољ -{Nagyszokoly}-;
 Нађвејке -{Nagyvejke}-;
 Нак -{Nak}-;
 Неметкер -{Németkér}-;
 Озора -{Ozora}-;
 Палфа -{Pálfa}-;
 Пари -{Pári}-;
 Пинцехељ -{Pincehely}-;
 Пербељ -{Pörböly}-;
 Пустахенче -{Pusztahencse}-;
 Регељ -{Regöly}-;
 Сакадат (Толна) -{Szakadát}-;

 Сакаљ -{Szakály}-;
 Сакч -{Szakcs}-;
 Салка -{Szálka}-;
 Саразд -{Szárazd}-;
 Седреш -{Szedres}-;
 Тенгелиц -{Tengelic}-;
 Тевел -{Tevel}-;
 Толнанемед -{Tolnanémedi}-;
 Удвари -{Udvari}-;
 Ујирег -{Újireg}-;
 Фад -{Fadd}-;
 Фацанкерт -{Fácánkert}-;
 Фелшенана -{Felsőnána}-;
 Фелшењек -{Felsőnyék}-;
 Фиргед -{Fürged}-;
 Харц -{Harc}-;
 Хеђес -{Hőgyész}-;
 Цико -{Cikó}-;
 Чибрак -{Csibrák}-;
 Чикоштетеш -{Csikóstőttős}-;
 Шарпилиш -{Sárpilis}-;
 Шарсентлеринц -{Sárszentlőrinc}-;
 Шиоагард -{Sióagárd}-;

Извори

Спољашње везе

 Жупанијски линкови
 Туристички водич жупаније
 Толна – крај у централној Европи, Норберт Пап

Т


text:
Roger Sandall
Ideas and Arguments
The Culture Cult
Open Societies & the Culture Cult
Artists And Politics
Tribalism
What Native Peoples Deserve
Commentary, May 2005
"No society in history has ever stood still, and however beautiful, and ancient, and intricate ancient cultures may be, it is wrong to lock people up inside them and throw away the key."
The Roosevelt Indian Reservation in the Amazon rain forest is not a happy place. Last year the Cinta Larga Indians slaughtered 29 miners there, and in October the Brazilian who was trying to mediate the conflict was murdered at a cash machine. Neither of these events represented anything new. The reserve, located 2,100 miles northwest of Rio de Janeiro, and named for Theodore Roosevelt when he visited Brazil in 1913, is also where a notorious massacre of Cinta Larga by rubber tappers took place in 1963; only one child in the village survived.
The immediate cause of the recent violence is not rubber but diamonds. The Roosevelt Indian Reservation may be sitting on one of the world's largest deposits, and no one wants to leave it in the ground—neither the Indians, nor the itinerant diggers (garimpeiros), nor the government. But under present Brazilian law no one is free to begin digging. And this brings us to the deeper cause of murder and mayhem in the region.
Under Brazil's constitution the country's Indians are not full citizens. Instead they are legal minors, with the status of a protected species. This has one singular benefit for the Indians: the twelve Cinta Larga responsible for last year's killing of 29 wildcat prospectors may enjoy immunity from prosecution and never face jail. But there is also a down side. As wards of the state, the Indians are denied the right to mine their own land.
As for outsiders, they must apply for permits to dig, and face endless bureaucratic delays that more often than not lead nowhere. The outcome is predictable. Frustrated in their own wishes, and hard-pressed by the impatient diggers, Indians make private deals, which then go sour—and the shooting starts.
At issue here is not just the law; the law is itself the product of an idea, or a set of ideas, that form its underlying assumptions. What should be done about endangered enclave societies situated in the midst of a modern nation? Can they, or their land, or their minerals be cut off and preserved, frozen in time, pristine and inviolate, forever? Or should they be?
The Figueiredo report
The massacre of the Cinta Larga in 1963 gave rise to a Brazilian state inquiry that became known as the Figueiredo Report (after the official in charge of the investigation). The inquiry was meant to find out about the shockingly grave deficiencies and abuses that were then being tolerated by the Indian Protection Service, including the use of individual Indians as slaves. Once it was completed, the old agency was closed down, and a new one created to replace it.
There the matter might have rested had not the London Sunday Times caught a whiff of scandal. The paper dispatched the travel writer Norman Lewis to Brazil; though he did not meet any Indians, he found all he needed in the Figueiredo Report. "By the descriptions of all who had seen them," Lewis reported, "there were no more inoffensive and charming human beings on the planet than the forest Indians of Brazil."
Having established a scene of primal innocence, Lewis proceeded to tell of the atrocities against the Cinta Larga, warning that they were being pushed to the brink of extinction and that there might not be a single Indian left by 1980. He concluded: "What a tragedy, what a reproach it will be for the human race if this is allowed to happen!" Reprinted all over the globe, his sensational article had profound and lasting effects.
The first of these effects was to enshrine a form of extreme protectionism, not only as a temporary means to an end–the human and cultural survival of the indigenous peoples of Brazil–but as an end in itself. Soon, all those working for Indian interests were of a single opinion: the only way to protect these tribal peoples was to create inviolable sanctuaries where they would "live their own lives preserving their own culture on their own land."
The second effect was to galvanize a number of English explorers, writers, and anthropologists into setting up a permanent international lobby. The name of this flourishing body is Survival, self-described as "the world's leading organization supporting tribal peoples." Two men who have been associated with it from the outset are John Hemming and Robin Hanbury-Tenison.
Hemming, who served for two decades as the director of the Royal Geographical Society, has written a number of books about South America, among them an indispensable three-volume history of the impact of civilization on Brazil's indigenous peoples–Red Gold, Amazon Frontier, and Die If You Must, the last installment of which appeared in 2003. Hanbury-Tenison, Hemming's long-time friend, was also a founder of Survival and is today its president. Less well-known but also important is the documentary filmmaker Adrian Cowell, who has spoken up on behalf of the Amazonian Indians for nearly 50 years.
According to a recent article by Hemming in the British monthly Prospect, the campaign to ensure the survival of the Amazonian peoples appears to have succeeded. This is also the gist of the final chapter of Die If You Must, where he wrote:
The Indians will survive physically. Their populations have grown steadily since a nadir of near-extinction in the mid-20th century. Having fallen to little more than 100,000 in the 1950's, they have more than tripled to some 350,000 and are generally rising fast.
The health of the Indians is basically good, Hemming reported in Die If You Must. The killers of yesteryear–measles, TB, pneumonia, cholera, and smallpox–are rare. Their land is also secure: "a remarkable 11 percent of the land-mass of Brazil is now reserved for Indians. The 587 indigenous areas total almost 105 million hectares–an area greater than France, Germany, and Benelux combined." Environmentalist ideals and indigenous interests have apparently been reconciled: "From the air, [one reservation] now stands out as an immense rectangle of verdant vegetation framed by the dismal brown of arid ranch-lands."
Explorers up the Amazon
It was in the 1950's and 60's that Hemming, Hanbury-Tenison, and Cowell, three young men from Oxford and Cambridge, launched themselves on the world. They were talented and energetic, they had good connections, and above all they shared a boyish taste for adventure. At Eton they probably read about Lawrence of Arabia; at Oxford, where Hemming and Hanbury-Tenison roomed together, they already knew that "exploring" was what they wanted to do most. They regarded the rain forests of Brazil as a natural field for their endeavors, and in no time they were paddling up the Amazon in canoes.
Adrian Cowell was a Cambridge man, and his precocity as an explorer makes an impressive tale in itself. As a student in 1954 he joined a university Trans-Africa Expedition. The following year he was in Asia. Then, as he relates in The Heart of the Forest (1961), "the Oxford and Cambridge Expedition to South America . . . brought me to the Amazon forest." Thereafter he joined the Brazilian Centro Expedition, an enterprise associated with the creation of the new national capital of Brasilia. Its purpose was "to canoe down the Xingu River and burn an airstrip at the exact geographical center of Brazil."
It was all tremendous fun and very romantic–a word that occurs spontaneously in the books of Hanbury-Tenison, who has written voluminously about his explorations and today runs a booking agency for exotic locations. Here, from his website, is a typical passage about adventuring in Afghanistan:
A sound like distant thunder made me look up at the rich blue cloudless sky before I turned to see twenty wild horsemen in turbans and flowing robes bearing down on me. They carried long-barreled rifles and had daggers in their belts. Beside their spirited horses loped large, hairy hounds. With their Genghis Khan moustaches and fine, aquiline noses they were almost caricatures of the bandits we had been warned about. I should have been frightened, but all I could think was that if I had to go I could not have found a more romantic end.
This tells us quite a bit about the attitude of all three men toward indigenous cultures. In light of it, Hanbury-Tenison must have been somewhat taken aback when, in 1971, he called on the anthropologist Margaret Mead at the Museum of Natural History in New York to tell her about Survival International (as Survival was then called), and she gave him a piece of her mind. Mead at the age of seventy was a very different person from the idealistic young woman who had visited Samoa in 1926. By 1971, she was fiercely unromantic, and the spectacle of yet another young Oxford "explorer" embarking on yet another "expedition up the Amazon" must have set her teeth on edge. With sturdy good sense she tried to talk him out of his fantasies.
In his 1973 book A Question of Survival, Hanbury-Tenison describes this "small, beady-eyed dumpling of a lady who sailed into the attack as I came through the door":
The main point that annoyed [Mead] was the concept, unstated by me, that primitive peoples were any better off as they were. She said she was "maddened by antibiotic-ridden idealists who wouldn't stand three weeks in the jungle" . . . and the whole "noble savage" concept almost made her foam at the mouth. "All primitive peoples," she said, "lead miserable, unhappy, cruel lives, most of which are spent trying to kill each other." The reason they lived in the unpleasant places they did, like the middle of the Brazilian jungle, was that nobody else would.
There was much talk in those days of the pharmaceutical benefits of rain forests, and Hanbury-Tenison and his friends were sure that the Amazon was about to make a huge contribution to the world's health. (This was a little before the discovery of the supposed wonders of jojoba oil.) But Mead was having none of it:
She said that to protect [the Indians] on the grounds that they could be useful to us or contribute anything was nonsense. "No primitive person has ever contributed anything, or ever will," she said. She had no time for suggestions of medical knowledge or the value of jungle lore.
The only grounds on which Mead relented were broadly humanitarian. For one thing, the Indians' "art, culture, dancing, music, etc. was pleasant and attractive and their grandchildren might thank us for trying to preserve or at best record it now that we have the proper technical means–tape and film–for doing so." For another thing, "it was bad for the world to let these people die, and the effort to prevent their extermination was good for mankind even if it failed."
For the rest, however, Mead vehemently denied that the Indians
had any special reasons for being protected, as she denied any advantage of one race over another. She also claimed emphatically that they all wanted one thing only, and that was to have as many material possessions and comforts as possible. Those still running away in the jungle were the ones who had encountered the most unpleasant savagery from Europeans, and even though they might be having no contact now, if they could possibly get hold of any aluminum pots they would use them.
A history of atrocity
Although faithfully recorded by Hanbury-Tenison, Mead's argument was as lost on him in 1971 as it is lost on legions of like-minded people today who mouth the slogans of multiculturalism. What Mead herself failed to grasp was that, naive though he may have sounded, Hanbury-Tenison and his friends had been radicalized, and they were never going to accept her bleak view of the tribal world. It was not that they had been reading Marx; instead, they had been reading Norman Lewis's digest of the worst parts of the Figuereido Report, including Figuereido's judgment that "the Indians [had] suffered tortures similar to those of Treblinka and Dachau."
Torture, indeed, was too tame a word for what had taken place. In 1963 there had been massacres of the Cinta Larga tribe in Rondonia. One gunman's taped testimony describes how an employee of a rubber company named Chico Luis
gave the chief a burst with his tommy gun to make sure, and after that he let the rest of them have it. . . . [A]ll the other guys had to do was finish off anyone still showing signs of life. . . . [T]here was a young Indian girl they didn't shoot, with a kid of about five in one hand, yelling his head off. . . . Chico shot the kid through the head with his .45 and then grabbed hold of the woman–who by the way was very pretty. "Be reasonable," I said, "why do you have to kill her?" In my view it was a waste. "What's wrong with giving her to the boys? They haven't set eyes on a woman for six weeks. Or we could give her as a present to de Brito. [their boss]"
But Chico would not listen:
He tied the Indian girl up and hung her head downward from a tree, legs apart, and chopped her in half right down the middle with his machete. Almost with a single chop I'd say. The village was like a slaughterhouse. He calmed down after he'd cut the woman up, and told us to burn down all the huts and throw the bodies into the river
This is unbearable: but it is not essentially different from what had happened to many Indians in Latin America after 1492. The lawless frontier was for centuries a refuge for loners, criminals, and violent psychopaths who had nothing to lose and could act with impunity. Those who went searching for El Dorado in the 1540's behaved like packs of ravening wolves, seizing food from the same Indian villagers whom they then enslaved as porters, and who were tortured or killed when they failed to cooperate. As one soon learns from Hemming's three-volume work, this sort of thing has had a very long history indeed.
Colonial nations fashion their heroes from the timber at hand, much of it twisted and full of knots. Australia, for example, invites its citizens to admire an unappealing Irish bandit named Ned Kelly. But the Kellys smell sweet alongside Brazil's much romanticized bandeirantes. What are often referred to as expeditions of "pathfinders" from Sao Paulo into the interior in the first half of the 17th century were mostly slave raids aimed at catching, chaining, and marching back to the coast as many Indians as a group of well-armed and ruthless men could seize.
To be sure, there was sometimes a genuinely exploratory aspect to such forays. In Red Gold, Hemming offers a balanced account of this phase of Brazilian expansion inland, and fairly describes the ordeals of the bandeirantes themselves. Since slave-raiding was a central feature of traditional Indian culture, too, the journeys engaged whites, Indians, and those of mixed ancestry (mamelucos) in a common enterprise:
The Indians contributed their forest skills and geographical knowledge. They soon grasped the purpose of the mission and became expert enslavers of other natives. Although brutalized and worked hard by the captains of the bandeiras, the Indians probably enjoyed service on them. It was quite normal for Tupi warriors to make long marches through the forests to attack enemy tribes.
In the course of his own periodic visits to Brazil, Adrian Cowell seems to have come rather closer to the realities of Amazonian Indian life than either Hanbury-Tenison or Hemming. Although aware of the horrors long endured by Indians at the hands of slavers, settlers, and frontier psychopaths, he was also more prepared to face up to the grimmer aspects of the native cultures themselves, and to the horrors Indians had long inflicted on each other.
In The Heart of the Forest (1961), Cowell writes in idyllic prose of the partnership he formed with an Indian hunter, carrying his friend's gun and studying his craft, teaching himself to decoy wildfowl by imitating their calls. But he also reports how, in 1958 on the Xingu River, there were continual killings of itinerant Brazilian rubber tappers (seringueiros) by Indians, and of Indians by seringueiros. A Juruna Indian told him how
first we lived lower down the Xingu and worked for the seringueiros, but they killed many [Indians] with rifles. So we came up here past the great rapids and lived till the seringueiros say they are friends and gave us rifles. So we went downriver again and worked for the seringueiros till they killed more Juruna. Then we killed many seringueiros and came back here and killed Trumai and Kamayura Indians. Then the Txukahamae tribe came and killed almost all of us so that we are only twelve now.
The Villas-Boas brothers
That is the way things were and always had been. And this, too, was a seemingly ineradicable aspect of the culture that Cowell thought worthy of being saved. Back in 1967, he had joined the brothers Claudio and Orlando Villas-Boas in an attempt to contact and "pacify" the elusive Kreen-Akrore. But violence in the camp was making it hard to manage a community where different tribal groups had been brought together for their own safety. The captions on a page of photographs in Cowell's 1973 book, The Tribe that Hides from Man, read like the list of casualties on some exotic war memorial: "Above. Javaritu, a Trumai killed by Tapiokap. Above. Pionim, a Kayabi, killed Tapiokap to avenge his brother-in-law." And so on.
Much has been written about the endeavor of the Villas-Boas brothers to establish the Xingu Indian refuge and entice the tribal remnants of the Kayabi or Txikao or Suya to join it. A passage from The Tribe that Hides from Man offers a glimpse into the thought processes of Claudio, a "Marxist philosopher" in the Latin American manner:
Look around this camp and you will see Indians are more loving than we are. But the expression of their love is confined to the limits of this society. They cut a hole in the wilderness to contain their family, but outside this camp is the jungle where they kill meat for food, kill bamboo for arrows, kill bushes for leaves for their beds. Killing is the essence of forest existence, and if you stopped it, the forest and the Indian would die. Within the Indian mind there is a complete division between the duties within the group and the absence of duty in the land of killing outside.
At one time, Claudio suggested that Indians should feel free to kill white seringueiros or any other uninvited marauders who came into the Xingu Park. While warning them of the inevitable costs of this practice as a permanent way of life, he understood that, according to the tribal code, revenge killing was natural, habitual, and inevitable.
Nor was this the only aspect of Amazonian Indian culture that was hard to reconcile with modern life. Strict rules of seclusion were found among all the upper-Xingu tribes. Women were subjected to draconian punishments for violations of taboo. In a British television documentary from the 1970's, a young Mehinacu woman was asked what would happen if she were to glimpse, even accidentally, the sacred flutes played by the men. She would be gang-raped, she replied, smiling sadly as if in recognition that in the genteel world of her white interviewer, such sexual punishments—culturally authorized, approved, indeed mandatory—were unthinkable.
Horrors that had to go
Hemming's account of Amazonian life is hard on the efforts of Christian missionaries, and especially hard on the Jesuits ("fanatical missionaries intent on replacing native society and beliefs with their own Christian model"). One line of grudging appreciation will be followed by the word "but" and ten lines of disparagement. As his impressive study proceeds from volume to volume, he becomes ever more severe, his language becomes more tendentious, and an austere secularism dictates his judgment of religious matters. In his recent article in Prospect, he approves only of the politically radical priests who began to appear in the 1960's–"trained anthropologists who did not try to undermine indigenous beliefs and ceased to be aggressive proselytizers"–but his view of Catholic missionary activity before that point is mainly negative.
But what exactly were the religious authorities to do when they first arrived from Portugal and had to deal, for example, with the Tupinamba? Did they not have a clear obligation both to undermine and to prohibit certain indigenous beliefs? In modern times, we have seen the rise of whole political cultures gripped by pathology, with hideous consequences; so, too, sick ethnic cultures evolved historically in the tribal world. Few quite so sick as the Tupinamba have been recorded before or since.
They loved human flesh. Prestige and power centered on the ritual slaughtering of prisoners. In an account prepared by Alfred Métraux for the Smithsonian's Handbook of South American Indians (1948), we read that the killing and eating of these prisoners (who were fattened for the purpose) "were joyful events which provided these Indians with the opportunity for merrymaking, aesthetic displays, and other emotional outlets." Métraux then describes what took place at a cannibal feast after the victim's skull was shattered:
Old women rushed to drink the warm blood, and children were invited to dip their hands in it. Mothers would smear their nipples with blood so that even babies could have a taste of it. The body, cut into quarters, was roasted on a barbecue, and the old women, who were the most eager for human flesh, licked the grease running along the sticks. Some portions, reputed to be delicacies or sacred, such as the fingers of the grease around the liver or heart, were allotted to distinguished guests.
That Portuguese settlers in the 16th century did not cope very well with this aspect of the Indian tribal world is probably true. That the missionaries who came after them did not handle the situation as they might have done is also likely. But if they had been around at the time, would John Hemming, or Robin Hanbury-Tenison, or Adrian Cowell, or the entire staff of Survival have done much better? Would any of us?
"All primitive peoples," Margaret Mead had said to her young Oxford visitor, "lead miserable, unhappy, cruel lives, most of which are spent trying to kill each other." She was overdoing it, but she had a point–a point largely lost sight of in today's systematic sentimentalizing of the Stone Age.
The Indian prospect
Of course, as we have seen, Mead also acknowledged that certain aspects of Indian culture—"their art, culture, dancing, music, etc."—deserved to survive, for the enjoyment of the people themselves and for the admiration of humanity as a whole. That, indeed, is more or less what has happened today in the Xingu Park and places like it elsewhere. On display in such places is a pacified, defanged, and somewhat feminized version of Amazonian culture, of the kind that middle-class travellers from the West like to see: a theatrical world where dressing-up in feathered regalia, and ritual ceremonies, and communal dancing never stop.
Hemming, who welcomes the prospect of self-determination, claims that "modern indigenous policy seeks to empower tribes to manage their own affairs." Yet both self-determination and empowerment imply literacy and modern education; and here the picture is less clear. Officially, the children are learning to read and write, and in the last chapter of Die If You Must—a chapter with the title "Present and Future"—Hemming makes three rather perfunctory references to schooling. But at the same time, he strongly implies that in his vision of the future it does not matter whether the children learn to read and write or not, because others will be there to do things for them.
Who are these others? According to Hemming, the external political affairs of the Indians on the Xingu reserve are "supported by a remarkable contingent of 33 non-government organizations, a tireless band of missionaries, anthropologists, well-wishers, journalists, doctors, and lawyers, both in Brazil and abroad." As for their internal welfare, that is served by a "resident tribe of whites, composed of social scientists, doctors, teachers, nurses, biologists, and agronomists from all parts of Brazil." With friends like these, who needs self-determination?
What Hemming is describing is the fruit of the inviolable-sanctuary approach to cultural survival. This rests on what might be called fortress theory, and has two cardinal principles: that "culture" and "people" and "land" should be seen as indivisible, and that they can be kept this way forever in a suitably constructed territorial redoubt. Whatever is happening in the world around them, ethnic cultures should as far as possible be preserved unchanged. With the help of an army of administrative personnel, custodially responsible for seeing to it that they go on wanting the same things they have always wanted, their cultural heritage will be kept alive. Social change is bad—at least as it affects these picturesque tribal peoples—and should be stopped.
Among the Xingu Park Indians, it is in fact safe to say that the older generation remains strongly attached to its remote lands, and intends to go on living there, hunting animals and gathering fruits. But what do younger Indians want to do with their lives? If there is one thing we have learned from modern history, it is that individuals often outgrow their ethnic cultures, find life in a fortress claustrophobic, and choose to move on. In contrast to museum exhibits, real human beings have a way of developing ideas and ambitions and desires–including for aluminum pots–beyond the ken of conservators. Fortress theory, multicultural "essentialism," and the enduring cult of the noble savage are the enemies of those ambitions and human desires.
In the final paragraph of Die If You Must, Hemming wonders uneasily whether the pessimists might have the last laugh after all–whether the Amazon's "beautiful, ancient, and intricate cultures will be maintained only artificially as curiosities for tourists, researchers, or politically correct enthusiasts." That is quite possible. But it is not the only undesirable eventuality.
Preserving ancient cultural patterns is laudable, but it is not enough. No society in history has ever stood still, and however beautiful, and ancient, and intricate ancient cultures may be, it is wrong to lock people up inside them and throw away the key. Uprooting the dishonest and patronizing cult of the noble savage is the work of generations; but as far as today's Amazonian Indians are concerned, the main priority must surely be to ensure that those among them who do not want to play the obliging role of historical curiosities, endlessly dressing up for visitors whose expectations they feel bound to fulfil, are able to find something else to do in the modern world–on the reservation or off it. In that quest we can only wish them well.
Posted in Tribalism.
By Roger Sandall	– 10 May, 2005
About Roger Sandall
An Australian writer living in Sydney, Roger Sandall is the author of The Culture Cult (2001), a study of romantic primitivism and its effects. His work has appeared in a number of places including Commentary, The American Interest, Encounter, The New Criterion, The American, Sight and Sound, Quadrant, Art International, The New Lugano Review, The Salisbury Review, Merkur, Mankind, Visual Anthropology, and Social Science and Modern Society.
aesthetics Aldous Huxley al Qaeda anthropology Art Austen Henry Layard Ayaan Hirsi Ali Bakhtiari Benin Bundaberg Base Hospital Dahomey Danger Darwin Doctor Death documentary film Dover Beach Ella's Pink Lady Emu Ritual Herder Iraq Jayant Patel Jesse Martin Jessica Watson Joshua Slocum Sailing Solo Jumpers Karl Popper Matthew Arnold Multiculturalism New Guinea objectivity Open Society photography Robert Mugabe Robin Fox Roger Scruton Seneca Sir Francis Chichester the Spray Tom Stoppard Tribalism tribe Victor Turner violence Westermarck Worse things happen at sea
© Copyright 2020 Roger Sandall, All Rights Reserved.


While prevention is always preferable to treatment of any disease, it's especially true of bloat. Most fish afflicted with bloat will soon succumb. Good aquarium husbandry and careful observation of your fish can prevent the pathogens causing bloat from affecting your tank.
Bloat isn't a disease per se, but a syndrome found in tropical fish. It also goes by the names Malawi bloat -- for cichlids -- dropsy and edema. Whatever you call it, affected fish experience swollen abdomens, which causes their scales to stand out. Other symptoms include breathing difficulties, appetite loss, lethargy, red marks on the body and long, white excrement. It's not a subtle condition; your fish is obviously very sick.
Bloat might result from bacterial, protozoal, viral or parasitical infections. Although the cause varies, the results are the same. The fish's abdominal cavity fills with fluid, affecting the vital organs within. A stressed fish, with a weak immune system, is more likely to develop bloat than an otherwise healthy specimen. It's usually not possible to diagnose the cause of bloat in a living fish, but you can take the dead fish to a veterinary pathologist to determine what caused the condition.
Unfortunately, bloat usually proves fatal. For humane purposes, remove the fish from your tank and euthanize it. Prompt removal can prevent the pathogen from infecting other fish. If you catch the condition very early -- prior to any actual swelling -- adding antibacterial medication to the aquarium might keep the edema from worsening. Of course, that's if a bacterial pathogen is causing the problem. If any of your fish stop eating, that's a sign that something is wrong. Suddenly swimming alone and avoiding other fish is another sign of imminent edema.
Bloat prevention falls into two primary categories: food and water quality. Feed the proper type and amounts of food for the fish in your tank. Certain fish, such as cichlids, need a vegetable-based diet. Avoid unduly stressing your fish, including overcrowding. Provide lots of hiding places and cover in the aquarium. Maintain good water quality, pH level, temperature and nitrate and ammonia levels. Change water regularly, maintain the filter and clean the substrate via siphoning. Certain fish are more prone to bloat than other species, including goldfish, mollies and various barbs.


Credentials: B.A. in Management/Marketing from Baker College. I hold Series 6, 7, 63, and 65 security licenses as well as a Life, Accident, and Health Insurance license.
My Role: My mission is to develop long-term relationships with our clients and to be a source of knowledge for them. Our clients can expect a comprehensive fact finding session, detailed plan of action, precise execution, and appropriate evaluation to keep their strategies current. There is no greater evidence of trust than for someone to allow me to help manage their life savings, assist in ways to help protect their family's future, and provide benefits to their employees.
Best Part of My Job: The best part of my job is building lasting relationships with our clients, getting to know them, and watching their goals come to fruition.
Hobbies & Interests: I enjoy being outdoors, hunting, camping, hiking, and spending time with my family.
Volunteer & Philanthropy: I am a Board Member at New Hope Christian Church, and a founding member of Fellowship of Christian Outdoorsman.


The number of military service members and veterans entering college is increasing with the Post 9/11 GI Bill. Many returning service members arrive on college campuses battling physical or psychological disabilities. Little is known about current levels of support for student veterans on college campuses. Survey results from 128- student veterans/military at two- and four-year institutions were analyzed through multiple regressions. Results indicated that Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, unit support, and post deployment support contributed uniquely to the explanation of college adjustment. The current study supports previous research demonstrating the importance of perceived social support in dealing with life transitions and trauma. The results of the current study give institutions of higher education, psychologists and counselors insight into dealing with student veterans by indicating how critical perceived support is for successful transition.


Florists, flowers & online flower shops in Cardigan. All Florists UK directory has been created to provide easy access to local & national florists providing flower delivery in Cardigan. The Cardigan florists listed on this page cater for all floristry services & occasions, from wedding flowers & arrangements to corporate & event flowers, be it Valentines or Mothers Day, Christmas or Easter, just click any of the florists listed.
Fresh flowers delivered to Cardigan and all over the UK.
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Welcome to Tecmo Bowl vs R.B.I. Baseball. We love these classics & host an annual tournament each spring.
This site illustrates many strategies, along with analysis of the players, teams, & match-ups. We also record in-depth podcasts.
The 5th annual National Tecmo Bowl & R.B.I. Baseball tourney will be held Saturday May 2nd
The 2019 tourney featured players from 7 different states: CO, NE, KS, IA, IL, MO, & AR.
We're expecting more states to be represented in 2020.
Nebraskan Ben Schwartz went 7-0 to win the 2019 Tecmo Bowl championship.
Mark Bridges from Arkansas posted a 9-1 record while winning the 2019 RBI Baseball championship.
Join usfor this day long event. Each tourney runs 3+ hours & every participant plays 6-7 games.
Mark youself as Going or Interested on the tourney event page > https://www.facebook.com/events/369272577276369/
Tecmo Bowl News:
The Chicago Bears defeat the Miami Dolphins in Tecmo Bowl VI
Chicago wins by 20, as the defense shuts out Marino
Recaps of our latest 2-player season below
The story inside the playoffs
-Eric Dickerson & the defending champion Colts were dispatched by Seattle...and the legs of James Jefferson, with his 2 kick return TDs in the 3rd qtr. Seattle won 14-10, and headed to their 2nd consecutive conference championship game.
-Odds makers had New York pegged as the favorite to win Tecmo Bowl 6. However, Lawrence Taylor & the Giants D were beat on a late TD pass by Marino. The loss knocked the G-Men out in the conference championship game for a 2nd year in a row.
-Walter Payton torched the Browns, Seahawks, & Dolphins on the ground. The Bears defense also shined in three routs. No outcome was ever left in doubt during the 4th qtr of their playoff run. Chicago won their 3 games by a combined score of 58-9!
New York media criticized another brutal season ending loss
Autographed Cartridges from our favorite Tecmo Bowl players
Fredd Young:
Seahawks Hitman
4 time Pro Bowl player for the Seahawks from 1984-1987, & one of my favorite players on Tecmo Bowl. Fredd hooked me up with a personalized "2 X All Pro" signing. Fredd is one of the absolute best LBs in Tecmo Bowl, & often overlooked in the game.
Dennis Gentry:
Kick Return Champ of the Universe
Gentry is best known for taking kickoff to the house in Tecmo Bowl & does it quite often. For as little as he gets to touch the ball, he's basically the most dangerous player. He wasn't aware that he's a stone cold killer in Tecmo Bowl, until I sent him this cartridge with a note explaining his awesomeness.
Duane Bickett:
Blue collar hero
Bickett was defensive rookie of the year in 1985, & a Pro Bowler in 1987. He racked up 1,000+ tackles in his career & 53 sacks. In Tecmo Bowl Duane leads the Colts D, shutting down the run, & is pretty solid in pass coverage. He's the 2nd best bottom outside LB in the game behind only L.T. & he's known to blocks a few kicks.
Doug Williams:
Williams became an NFL pioneer as the first black QB to start & win a Super Bowl. His career is best remembered for his performance in SB 22 against the Broncos. In Tecmo Bowl, he leads a steady attack that just needs to manage the offense while letting the great Redskins defense shut down the opposition.
Gerald McNeil:
1 man gang
McNeil joined the Browns in 1986. He was the only player in the league to return a kickoff & punt for a touchdown that year. Gerald followed that up with a Pro Bowl selection in 1987. His diminutive height & size led to him being called "The Ice Cube". The nickname was due to Gerald's size compared to William Perry of the Bears, who was known as "The Refrigerator".
Why do we love Tecmo Bowl, & R.B.I. Baseball so much?
The Nostalgia Of Tecmo Bowl & R.B.I. Baseball
If you played Tecmo Bowl growling up, you recall Witnessing Walter Payton absolutely taking over the game rushing & receiving. Lawrence Taylor & Ronnie Lott completely terrorizing an offense.
Memories of towering homeruns you hit in R.B.I. Baseball with Mark McGwire or Tony Armas still resonate today. Roger Clemens being nearly unhittable for 5 innings with a blazing fastball.
Super Star players of Tecmo Bowl & RBI Baseball had mythical levels of ability compared to the other players. The nostalgia surrounding these games is infectious with memories of the amazing feats you could perform with sports heroes from your childhood.
Both games were quick & easy to play, & most importantly incredibly fun! The late 80s epitomized the spirit associated of arcade gaming with Tecmo Bowl & RBI Baseball at the forefront. They offered sky high entertainment as you could play all day against your friends.
Ground-Breaking History
Tecmo Bowl & R.B.I. Baseball for Nintendo were the best sports video games in the late 1980's. They were pioneers compared to what was previously available for the NES, as those games had nameless players with poor game play functions.
Both titles ushered in new a new era of sports video games. Tecmo Bowl & R.B.I. Baseball acquired the Players Association Licensing which introduced real players with coinciding abilities. This led to them becoming two of the most popular video games of that era.
Tecmo Bowl featured incredibly smooth control of the players, & R.B.I. Baseball had an amazing pitcher/batter interface. Realistic pro sports features were starting to take hold while retaining the sense of arcade fun.
Evolution of Strategies
We enjoy these classics more than ever. Access to player ratings & abilities, along with 3 decades of experience have given us strategies to compete at the highest level. Understanding the inner-workings play a role in the games becoming far more competitive & complex.
Understanding & mastering the nuances & minutiae with both games means its no longer about randomly picking 1 of 4 plays in Tecmo Bowl. Learning how run blocking schemes work, & how to invoke pass coverages from the CPU has improved our defensive acumen. Knowing the power rating of each batter in R.B.I. Baseball changed how we pitch to each line-up. Knowing key substitutions in R.B.I. have maximized each team's batting potential.
Tecmo Bowl & R.B.I. are no longer akin to checkers, but more similar to a game of chess. They're cerebral battles that have made the games more entertaining & enjoyable then ever before.
The Enduring Value
Each year we host an annual Tecmo Bowl & RBI Baseball tournament in Omaha, Nebraksa. Our 4th annual event in 2019 featured players from 7 different states! The best players in the midwest come to Omaha each year see if they have what it takes to win the title. See flyers below & follow our facebook page for info on the 2020 tourney. https://www.facebook.com/TECMOBOWLvsRBI/
When not hosting public tourneys, a few of us get together & hold competitions with small tourneys, or a world cup styled event. The different formats we use make the games highly competitive, & very interesting as we always attempt to improve out skills. These competitions routinely have us to play with all the teams which has helped us master every facet imaginable.
See these featured pages. Click on images below
RBI Team Rankings
Tecmo season recaps
-More feature pages of Tecmo Bowl & RBI
Click images below-
Tecmo Bowl Teams R.B.I. Batter stats Tecmo league recaps Video's and audio


On the 20th of December I spent the all day in Amsterdam, which is actually not my city (I live in Italy), but it's what I consider the city of mine, the one I belong to. As everybody knows it, that travel was given to me as a birthday gift, the best I could ask for.
Have you ever felt crooked compared to other people, to the place you live in, to what you do in life? I often do, since I don't know when. Then three years ago I came here for the first time, and I had the feeling that a crooked person in a crooked place may feel aligned, straight. That's exactly how I feel everytime I visit the old part of the city.
The whole area is surrounded by wonderful, tall and leaning XVIIth century's houses. I have heard different stories about how they became like that: because of the ground, to protect from the weather and many others; but it never interested me so much. I was instead very keen on a question: would I like them so much if they were straight and lined up? I don't think so. I just like thinking that, even if they took a lot of time time to lean, they were made to be like this. I think I can't help but loving them the way they are: sometimes it's a luck to be imperfect.
Not only I love the architecture, but also what you find between a street and another one: the artificial canals. They complete the whole atmosphere making it magic and unique. The four principal canals are Singel, Herengracht, Keizersgracht and Prinsengracht, and it is into those which is set the XVIIth century area.
Amsterdam is not only about bikes, cheese and entertainment. There is much more to see and to discover, every corner is different from the others, and those who haven't seen the old area cannot say they have visited the city at all.
There is no other place I like more than this one, and it deserves to be a UNESCO World Heritage.
Categories: Uncategorized. Tags: heritage, heritage site, maria gobbi, Netherlands, Seventeenth-century canal ring area of Amsterdam inside the Singelgracht, travel, World Heritage Site, and world heritage travel.


Freenote was honored to be selected by Liberty Fairs to be showcased at Pitti Uomo's newest off-shoot "Born in the USA" alongside 19 other amazing brands.
Freenote Cloth | Workers Chino (Classic Twill) - Olive | $220 Freenote Cloth is a classic menswear collection manufactured exclusively in the United States.
Some new threads* and a new theme** for today. Freenote Friday!
Freenote Cloth featured in the OC Weekly re-cap of Agenda tradeshow in Long Beach.


On this blog we've demonstrated several cork-related projects, including wine cork magnets and wine cork garden markers — each fun and easy crafts to use up that collection of corks that always seems to grow. Today, it's trivets on which you can place hot pots or baking dishes. The size, diameter and color are all up to you. But cork is the best material for this sort of thing since it doesn't burn. Or you can just use your trivet as a rustic-looking piece on which to place your decanter in between pours.
Start by spraying the metal bands with paint. Once dry, flip them over and spray again, being sure to get the undersides of the bands. It's best to allow these to dry fully overnight before proceeding.
Once dry, start by placing even-sized corks in the center of the band. Once the last cork gets squeezed in, work the band up the side and to the middle of the corks, evenly all the way around.
Tighten the band with your screwdriver until secure. Press any uneven corks against a flat surface with your hands to make a flat surface.
From here, sit back and pour yourself a glass of wine, thinking how easy it will be the next time you need a gift for a fellow enophile!


#12 & #18 anchors NOW available in multiple widths to fit your anchor locker!!
Please specify the width of your locker in the order comments.
fast as other models and is conveniently lightweight at 7 lbs.
#8 anchor great for poling skifs and john boats.
Galvanized steel shank w/ an bronze fluke.
with a weight of 12 lbs.
in a polished or matte finish with a weight of 12 lbs.
#18 aluminum anchor great for boat size up to 28ft.
#18 bronze anchor great for boat size up to 28ft.
#18 stainless steel anchor great for boat size up to 28ft.
#22 Seaclaw Anchor with galvanized shank, & aluminum fluke.
#22 Seaclaw Anchor with galvanized shank, & bronze fluke.


Welcome to my stop in the blog tour for Dirty little secret by Jennifer Echols, hosted by IFB Tours.
Make sure to stop HERE to check the full schedule and enter to win a copy of this awesome book!
Well, for a real music lover this was exactly the kind of book to read. Dirty little secret is a book that mix a hot romance with awesome music.
Bailey is a girl that loves music and plays guitar, she's talented and had a great future in her hands, but after her sister Julie goes to promote her debut album Baily starts her little rebelion to catch her parent's attention.
I can totally understand Bailey and what she's feeling, I hated her parents, even her sister for all the hurt they mean. So, when Bailey finally meets Sam, he's what she was looking for in that moment (even is she haven't realized it).
I liked Sam the way he was presented. I loved how they met, it was the perfect time and the perfect escenary. Jennifer Echols did a great job creating a love interest so swoon-worthy and well created. Because Sam was a tool sometimes, but even though he was selfish and wanted Bailey for obvious reasons he has a good part in the development of the plot and you can't help but loving him.
Bailey, of course, was a fierce character. After all the pain in her heart she doesn't stop loving music and playing which is was she loved the more. I can't help but picture her as a brave and talented country singer.
The descriptions were so clear that if you are not a related to the music terms you will understand and you will feel like you're right there, in a gig, in a concert, just listening to the awesome music.
However Dirty little secret is an incredible YA contemporary with a hot romance, great characters, an amazing writing and music that will fill your heart.


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Fan Created Artwork
Five Things we Know About the New Blade Runner Film
Posted on May 3, 2016 August 24, 2016 BladeRunner2
With all of the speculation, stories and rumours that have surfaced about the upcoming Blade Runner film, we thought that it would be the right time to clarify what we actually know so far.
As such we have created a list of five facts that we know for certain to be true about the upcoming Blade Runner movie.
Fact 1 – The film will be directed by Ridley Scott
Ridley Scott has publicly declared that he will be sitting in the director's chair for the new Blade Runner film. Scott directed the 1982 original, and recently revisited the sci-fi genre for the first time in a number of years with 2012's Alien related film Prometheus.
Fact 2 – The film will be a sequel not a prequel
It has been confirmed that the next Blade Runner movie will take place after the events of the original 1982 movie. It has still not been established whether it will focus on any of the original characters however, although a draft script is said to include them (see Fact 3).
Fact 3 – The first draft of the script includes main characters from the original film
Ridley Scott recently discussed the initial draft of the Blade Runner sequel script and revealed that it includes some of the original characters and that he felt that it so far "looks really good".
Fact 4 – The film will be produced by Alcon Entertainment
Alcon Entertainment acquired the rights to Blade Runner in March 2011 and put the wheels in motion to develop a new Blade Runner film. Alcon Entertainment have been established since 1997 and have financed and produced over 20 films, including The Blind Side (2009) and The Book of Eli (2010).
Fact 5 – Blade Runner 2 will feature a female protagonist
Ridley Scott confirmed after his first meeting with Alcon Entertainment about the Blade Runner sequel that the movie will feature a female protagonist. He stated:
"We have a very good take on it. And we'll definitely be featuring a female protagonist."
So that's it five cut and dry facts about Blade Runner 2, don't forget to subscribe to this website for all the latest updates on the new movie.
Sources: IMDB, Huffington Post, Alcon Entertainment
Blade Runner Sequel to be Penned by Michael Green
Dastmalchian & Abbass Added to Blade Runner 2 Cast
Jóhann Jóhannsson to Write Music for Blade Runner 2
Jared Leto Joins the New Blade Runner Movie
Lennie James Joins Blade Runner Sequel
Official Blade Runner Sequel Concept Art Published
Official Movie Images
Fan Artwork
© Blade Runner 2049 Movie (2017). All rights reserved. This is a fan made website and no way associated with Warner Bros. or any of it's partners.


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S/Africa's iconic photographer Bongani Mnguni laid to rest
South Africa-Social-Funeral
April 20, 2019 to 21:14
APA-Johannesburg (South Africa)
One of South Africa's most renowned photographers, Bongani Mnguni, who gained global recognition for his documentation of black people's struggles against apartheid, was laid to rest in Johannesburg on Saturday.
He died last week following a heart attack at the age of 65.
Mnguni's images of the June 1976 Soweto students' uprising captured the world's attention to the brutality of apartheid.
The images ensured the world was informed of the sinister apartheid policies on the education of black children, who decided to take matters in their hands to protest against Bantu education.
Throughout his four decades' career, he worked for some of the top newspapers such as The World, City Press, Sunday World and Daily Sun for up to four decades.
NM/as/APA
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Amerindios is the first album by the folk music group Amerindios.

Track listing
All songs written by Amerindios; co-writers as noted.
Side A
 Nixon (Sergio Ortega)
 Una vez un yankee yo encontré (Ortega)
 Los Vietnamitas (Carlos Puebla)
 Sr. Juez
 ¡Achís! ¡Achís! Qué catarro
 La disparada (Geraldo Vandré)

Side B
 Juan Verdejo (Rene Figueroa)
 Mentiras sólo mentiras
 Sembrador de lunas (Bernardo Dewers)
 Como un árbol
 Mes de volantines
 Blanco, rojo y azul

External links
 Música Popular: Amerindios: Amerindios

Amerindios albums
1970 debut albums
Spanish-language albums