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Now as they went on their way, he entered a certain village, where a woman named Martha welcomed him into her home. She had a sister named Mary, who sat at the Lord's feet and listened to what he was saying.
In the Gospel of Luke, this story of Martha and Mary immediately follows the parable of the Good Samaritan. In the Good Samaritan parable, Jesus holds up as a model a person who goes out of his way to serve his neighbor. Yet in today's Gospel, Jesus seems to chide Martha for her hard work and service. One may wonder what it is about Martha's service that Jesus rebukes.
Jesus notices that Martha is "anxious and worried about many things." This anxiety of Martha seems to be Jesus' primary concern. For Jesus knows that anxiety can be an obstacle to holiness. Amidst the busyness of our own lives, it can be all too easy to feel the stress and anxiety that Martha felt. Rather than allowing this anxiety to be an obstacle between us and Christ, it can be viewed as an invitation to draw closer to him.
How might Jesus be inviting you to a greater sense of peace today?
Deliver us, Lord, from every evil, and graciously grant peace in our days, that, by the help of your mercy, we may be always free from sin and safe from all anxiety, as we await the blessed hope and the coming of our Savior, Jesus Christ.


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Laurel is a city in northern Prince George's County, Maryland with a population of 25,115. The area is an archaeological goldmine and is known for dinosaur fossils from the Cretaceous Era. The community was originally known as Laurel Factory, and was a true company town, complete with a school and shops, and many of the mill workers' homes owned until the 1860s by the company. As time passed, Laurel's population grew and evolved into an early suburban town. The town was incorporated in 1870 and reincorporated in 1890 to coincide with a new electric power plant and paved streets and boarded sidewalks.


Change Without a Footprint: A Student's Role in Global Health is a facilitated discussion on the implications of undergraduates working in global health led by the Director of Operations and Strategy at the HEAL Initiative, Sangeeta Tripathi. All students are welcome!
Sangeeta brings more than a decade of work in global health to the conversation. She has worked on the rapid acceleration of pediatric HIV treatment and on strategies to scale the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (pMTCT) with the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), UNICEF, the WHO, and Johnson & Johnson's worldwide philanthropic group. She has focused on working with key stakeholders – especially Ministries of Health, partners, and local health workers, to build ever-more responsive and impactful programming at sub-national, national, and global levels to improve health systems. Sangeeta earned her Bachelors in International Development Studies (Brown University) and a Masters in Public Policy (Harvard Kennedy School).
The guided discussion will make up the first half of the event. During the last half, Sangeeta and a physician from HEAL will answer questions about their own work and how students can get involved in global health.


Mix glutinous rice flour, salt and water. Stir into smooth batter.
Heat the shallot oil in a nonstick pan.
Pour in the batter and allow it to cook over medium-low heat. Turn and fry until the batter turns opaque and is cooked through.
Place the mixture on plate or tray containing topping of choice.
Use a pair of scissors to cut the cooked glutinous rice paste into bite-sized pieces.
Roll each piece in the topping until fully coated.
Had this kewpie brand mentaiko pasta sauce packet lying somewhere and I've got the one last sausage left from 2 weeks ago which I kept in the freezer. Avocado spoiling, cut out the parts which I still could use. Canned tuna from Maldives from TC's colleague 2 years ago. LOL.
Tadaa! No food is wasted.
Spend a lot of time fixing our dining table, a lot of filing down at the sides because it's too wide and the extension wouldn't come out. Still not done yet though.
TC mentioned about ordering GrabFood but I felt that we have a lot of ingredients in the fridge, I can cook something quick. So claypot rice it is! One pot meals are easy to prepare.
Marinate chicken and Chinese sausage with all sauces for 5 mins.
Add rice, pearl barley and water in the rice cooker.
Pour the chicken, sausage and sauces on top.
Cook in rice cooker. Use claypot function if available.
Once cooked, mix well to serve.


text:
Q: dsPIC33 ADC: Why is the minimum TAD interval such an oddly-specific number (117.6ns) for 12-bit conversion? I'm writing the firmware for a data-acquisition board using the dsPIC33FJ64GP804 MCU and I noticed something strange reading the electrical characteristics for 12-bit A/D conversion:

The ADC clock period (emphasis mine) is listed as 117.6ns, which is an oddly-specific number, especially considering there's no direct hardware obstacle to try running your ADC much faster, e.g. with TAD = FCY, which could be as low as 25ns at the highest officially allowed clock speed. So the limit doesn't come from there.
The characteristics for 10-bit conversion seems more like it's been derived from actual characterization testing:

So where does this weird value come from? Something related to the settling time of the sample&hold capacitor (esp. considering TSAMP = 3 TAD for 12-bit and TSAMP = 2 TAD for 10-bit)?
Edit
To clarify, I understand TAD = 25ns would be asking for trouble. My main questions are:

*

*Why is TAD different for the 10-bit and the 12-bit case at all?

*Where does the 12-bit number come from, could IC characterization (which I guess involves statistical methods and uncertainty) really produce a number that precise?

A: There are some clues in the datasheet.
For instance:

The AD12B bit (AD1CON1<10>) allows each of the ADC modules to be
  configured by the user as either a 10-bit, 4-sample/hold ADC (default
  configuration) or a 12-bit, 1-sample/hold ADC.

Then this:

• In the 12-bit configuration, conversion speeds of up to 500 ksps are
  supported
• There is only one sample/hold amplifier in the 12-bit
  configuration, so simultaneous sampling of multiple channels is not
  supported

I agree the unusually precise value is odd, but if you convert that to a sample rate it yields about 607K samples per second (a bit above the maximum stated rate) (14 ADC periods are required for a 12 bit conversion).
In the ADC reference manual there is a schematic of the effective ADC input in the two modes;

Note the difference in the input capacitance; this is necessary as the sample capacitor has to hold the charge for a longer period of time for the conversion to be accurate and will therefore require a longer time to actually charge up during the sample period.
Looking at the values, it appears that the effective capacitance for 12 bit mode is formed of all 4 sample and hold capacitors (4 * 4.4 = 17.6, 18 when rounded) and that makes sense of the statement that there is only one sample and hold in 12 bit mode. Probably achieved by switches isolating the other channel sample and holds from their caps and switching them in to form a single effective device.
Hence a longer ADC period (longer charge time and a longer hold time).
The value in the datasheet may be from calculations or experimentation (I do not know which).

A: Although the minimum adc period is 25 ns for 40MHz, due to the hardware limitations (sample and hold), they must specify a minimum time. That does not mean that you can not sample faster, it merely means that if you sample faster they cannot guarantee correct operation.

A: For old parts in this family the Tad wasn't different: the circuit for 10 bits was the same as 12 bits, you just need to wait two more bits for conversion. It does make me wonder :)
Assuming it's not an error, I think the Tad increases just so that they can run the conversion slower. A SAR conversion error doesn't just wipe out the last bit: you have to get every bit at 12 bit accuracy to get any bit at 12 bit accuracy.
I don't know how the Tad number was calculated: all we know is that they felt comfortable with 117.6, and not 117.5
And I think the sample time increases with Tad just to reduce ADC clock noise. Have I got that wrong? I don't think the sample and hold circuit is connected to the ADC clock at all. With the sample time increase, they've increased both the number of ADC clock cycles (reducing ADC clock noise), and minimum sample time (from 152ns to 353ns). I don't know which was the more important. Sample time depends on the amplifier and capacitor and leakage, so they need to wait until it has settled to with 12 bits, but they could have done that by increasing the multiplier more, not the Tad.

A: I figured out where the odd value came from, but the credits and answer points are to Peter Smith's answer for nudging me in the right direction:

if you convert that to a sample rate it yields about 607K samples per second (a bit above the maximum stated rate) (14 ADC periods are required for a 12 bit conversion).

Upon closer examination of the datasheet, 14 ADC periods are required for conversion, but 3 more are required for sampling. With only one S&H unit you cannot parallelise sampling and conversion, so it's 17 periods per conversion at minimum. If you do ADC conversions back-to-back at the maximum possible rate of 500 ksps (2µs per conversion), then TAD comes at 2µs/17 = 117.64ns. Which is - TADAAA - the value in the datasheet.
So it seems that Microchip had the 500ksps target in mind, characterized it to perform well at that target, and derived the unusually precise value we see, from the not-so-precise planned specification of sample rate. It's entirely possible that the ADC unit works well at 550 ksps too, so lower values of TAD could also work, perhaps even down to the 76 ns bound for 10-bit conversion.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


An HTML version of my new spec draft can be found here , while the git branch for it is here .
- clients should not deal with more than one additional channel to obtain a secure end-to-end channel.
- clients should be able to choose the encryption protocol used, if more than one are available (e.g. both OTR and XTLS could be available on an XMPP account).
- the handling of the additional channel can be done in a separate process, without forcing the requesting client to care about the encryption steps.
- clients which do not request encrypted channels can work without modifications.
To accomplish that, I added basically three fundamental types to the specification: the Encryptable interface, the ClientAuthentication channel type, and the Authentication.Proposal transient object. On top of them I also drafted some protocol-specific implementations.
This is the main entry point for requesting an encrypted channel, by specifying EncryptionRequired = TRUE in the request.
The EncryptionInterface is used to specify the protocol to be used for encryption (e.g. OTR vs. XTLS), and defines the interface supported by the ClientAuthentication channel that will be dispatched to authenticate the encryption process.
I thought this being a requestable property here could also play nice with the fact that a CM could advertise the possible protocols in RequestableChannelClasses.
It's the channel that will be dispatched to authenticate the encryption process. The base object also keeps track of the channels around that use this authentication, by using the TargetChannels property.
Channel.Interface.XTLSAuthentication is an XTLS interface for this kind of channel, and one might also write Channel.Interface.OTRAuthentication on the same line.
It's a transient object that can be used to complete the authentication step. Each proposal implements one interface, which defines the protocol-specific methods to accept it.
How exactly the proposal objects are used and constructed is up to the interface of the ClientAuthentication channel.
I drafted implementation for Auth.Proposal.X509 and Auth.Proposal.SRP, to be used with the XTLSAuthentication interface.
There's a last object, which is Ch.Type.ClientTLSConnection, which is a way to exchange TLS certificates between clients; this is usually needed after SRP, and a channel of this kind would use the same Encryptable/ClientAuthentication process described before to signal that the exchange is linked to a previously authenticated session.
That's it for now, feedback welcome.
Ch.Type.ClientAuthentication: it would be good to document what is TargetHandle and TargetHandleType will look like. 0 and 0 ?
It doesn't seem to be possible to "upgrade" an encrypted channel. For example, if we have a lockdown icon in Empathy's chat window or something, does that mean Empathy will have to request a new channel and replace it by the insecure one?
> and TargetHandleType will look like. 0 and 0 ?
Yeah, that's the idea; the ClientAuthentication channel is anonymous and the requesting channel would be added to its TargetChannels.
which at the same time sets EncryptionRequired to True, EncryptionInterface to the provided interface, and fires up the authentication machine.
I will update my branch according to your comments.
Every property should either hyperlink to the signal that provides its change notification, or say that it is immutable for the lifetime of the object, or say that it can change but has no change notification (in the latter case, which should be unusual, you should explain when it would make sense to poll it).
> drafted some protocol-specific implementations.
There are lots of mentions of "Encryption" and "Authentication" here where I'm not sure that the usage is actually valid - it seems strange for EncryptionInterface to have Chan.I.XTLSAuthentication as a value. Perhaps this indicates that the interface should be called Chan.I.XTLSEncryption, Chan.I.XTLSSecurity or just Chan.I.XTLS, or that the property should be called something else.
EncryptionInterface should document what sort of interface it could be, perhaps with wording like "The interface that will appear on a Chan.T.ClientAuthentication channel representing the encryption mechanism, such as Chan.I.XTLSAuthentication".
AuthenticationChannel needs to be "nullable" - in Telepathy we do this by reserving the object path '/' to be the pseudo-null value (see ofdT.Account.Connection for appropriate wording). Otherwise, there's no sane value for the property at times when there's no authentication channel (and every property must have a value at all times, even if that value is useless).
Relatedly, I suspect EncryptionStateChanged should have signature (u: State, o: Authentication_Channel) so AuthenticationChannel has change notification?
A connection manager supporting end-to-end secured channels should include EncryptionRequired in the allowed properties of each requestable channel class that supports this.
The connection manager should also duplicate the "basic" requestable channel class once for each supported value of the EncryptionInterface property, with that property added to the fixed set.
I wonder whether it's actually appropriate for clients that upgrade to e2e to specify how in UpgradeEncryption? It seems to be a design goal that Empathy can flip the "encrypt me" bit and Seahorse or something can pop up to do the actual crypto handshaking? If that's the case, then we could detect from handlers' filters, or perhaps handler capability tokens, what sorts of handshake we have UI for.
An alternative API for upgrades would be for a second channel to pop up, replacing the first, using a more general form of Conference (Chan.I.Continuable?). Naive clients not understanding Continuable would handle it as if it was a new channel. That approach is probably harder to work with for clients, but might lead to easier conceptual design.
> The method does nothing if EncryptionRequired  is already True.
This implicitly assumes that there are only two levels of encryption/authentication - "not enough to mention" (which includes "none") and "fully secure" - and it doesn't matter which specific mechanism you're using. This is probably true, but it's worth thinking about.
> authentication, by using the TargetChannels property.
The Description could do with an overview of this object's life cycle: when you'll get one, how you proceed, and when you can consider it dead.
AuthenticationProposals and XTLSAuthenticationStateReason should document what their change notification is (looks like the answer is ProposalsReceived and XTLSAuthenticationStateReason, respectively).
* R_M_R: call methods on the AuthenticationProposals?
How does XTLSAuthentication.Abort() differ from Channel.Close()? When would you call one? When would you call the other? Should Abort() take some sort of reason code?
Are there any sensible values for XTLS_Authentication_State_Change_Reason that are less vague than "Rejected" or "Error"?
The Mechanism type's name is far too vague. Authentication_Mechanism, please - remember that types are a flat namespace (this one would come out as TP_STRUCT_TYPE_MECHANISM in current telepathy-glib).
> It's a transient object that can be used to complete the authentication step.
> methods to accept it.
> interface of the ClientAuthentication channel.
> used with the XTLSAuthentication interface.
Proposal.Interface should perhaps be Proposal.Type or Proposal.ProposalType, consistent with Channel.ChannelType (the model is that channels have exactly one type, and n interfaces). Proposal should probably have an Interfaces property for future expansion, too.
X509 should have a brief overview of how to operate it in its Description (just mentioning all the methods in the right order would be valuable). A hyperlink to the appropriate RFC or XEP would be extremely valuable.
In X509StateChanged, what does "a good path for accepting a remote certificate or sending one" mean? Does it mean "the handler should respond according to the state, perhaps by accepting a remote certificate or sending a local certificate"?
Is RemoteCertificate mutable? (Guess: yes.) What is its value if there is no remote certificate yet? (Guess: '/'.) What is its change notification?
Likewise for LocalCertificate. If there is no change notification, that's probably OK, but you should explicitly say so.
Is RequestedIdentity mutable? What is its change notification?
Is LocalX509Fingerprint mutable? What is its change notification?
Are there any less vague error codes that could be used?
There is an error code for Invalid_Username but I don't see any mention of a username anywhere in the interface?
This badly needs an introduction, if only via a hyperlink to the relevant RFC, to explain what "password" means in this context. Based on spec meetings, my understanding is that the two parties are meant to communicate out of band (phone call, in person, etc.) and agree on a password.
ClientTLSConnection doesn't seem like the right name for its functionality, if it's meant to pop up with EncryptionRequired=TRUE already - it's not establishing any sort of TLS'd connection, just exchanging certs. ClientCertificateExchange, perhaps?
What is the target handle type of a ClientTLSConnection? I assume only CONTACT makes sense?
The introduction should explain how the two possibilities (incoming and outgoing) work.
Say what requestable channel classes are expected?
Is RequestedIdentity our identity, or that of the other guy?
Is Incoming redundant with Requested? If so, we can delete it.
ReceiveCertificate() and ProvideCertificate() should raise a specified error (Invalid_Argument, probably) if called on a channel of the wrong direction.
Did you get the Requested semantics of ProvideCertificate and ReceiveCertificate backwards? They look backwards to me but perhaps I'm not seeing it clearly enough.
Why is the received certificate a TLSCertificate and not just a Certificate_Data? I can't see what it would mean to accept or reject it at this stage, since it's just being provided for future reference?
> > and TargetHandleType will look like. 0 and 0 ?
> requesting channel would be added to its TargetChannels.
I think it would make sense to have TargetHandleType=CONTACT and TargetHandle set, if it is guaranteed that the THT and TH of every target channel will match those values. In practice, I suspect that will always be true, since we are after all authenticating with a specified client?
I quite like PeerAuthentication as a name for this, actually.
Simon, thanks for the great review! I fixed your comments in my branch.
Below is some feedback to your open questions.
I think it's not a bad thing to let clients decide which interface they should upgrade with, but you're right in saying that doesn't need to be mandatory. So, I made it optional, and it works similarly to what happens if the Encryptable channel is requested with EncryptionRequired = True but an empty AuthenticationInterface.
> for clients, but might lead to easier conceptual design.
Doesn't this break the 'not having to handle more than one channel for encryption' rule? Also, I'm not sure what you don't like in UpgradeEncryption().
> "fully secure" - and it doesn't matter which specific mechanism you're using.
> This is probably true, but it's worth thinking about.
Yeah, you're right from an Encryptable interface point of view (you're either encrypted or you aren't), though the real degree of encryption/authentication is not something you can easily condense into a property, and in this model it is given for a channel by this encryptable bit combined with protocol-specific information (you could e.g. be encrypted on a leap-of-faith authentication, ...). OTOH I don't think it makes any real use allowing to call UpgradeEncryption() on an already encrypted channel (the only good reason to do so would be 'get even better encryption', but that's hard to define and tricky to get for the reasons I outlined before).
> property for future expansion, too.
I changed this to Proposal.ProposalType for consistency with Channel, but didn't add the Interfaces property yet, as I'm not sure what it would be useful for right now.
Maybe we can always add it later if it's needed?
> establishing any sort of TLS'd connection, just exchanging certs.
Yes, I renamed it to ClientCertificateExchange.
> seeing it clearly enough.
No, it's not backwards. I hope I made it super-clear how it works now in its description.
> this stage, since it's just being provided for future reference?
Good point, I changed that.
> I quite like PeerAuthentication as a name for this, actually.
Cosimo isn't actively working on this right now, so back to NEW / the mailing list as assignee. WolfRage seems interested in picking up the generic end-to-end infrastructure for Bug #16891, though.
I'm going to split this bug up: Bug #29904 is the generic infrastructure needed for both OTR and XTLS, and I'll clone a bug for the XTLS-specifics.
> > This is the beginning of many emails to come as we discuss and iron out the details of OTR support in Telepathy.
use the correct property in the future.
> it in, say, your xmpp disco capabilities)?
> without the user asking for it.
tell the system to enable OTR if the other program Advertises OTR.
> some OTR specific bits about the encryption ? And if so which ones?
a few more properties for OTR.
> That should just be pointing to a channel object path, not an interface.
OK, I was just following the convention created by Cosimoc. I will correct this.
> something that would indicate that this is e2e security would be good.
I am willing to change it, but I think this will be a larger discusion with Simon.
> these names as well.
are quite different in both behavior and initiation.
> That's fine that's why it's a draft.
> >  reviewed by myself.
> >  to try to merge the OTR branch back in.
doing spec work, which is what I was told should be done before I code.
that I make to my code. Which hopefully will make the code stable faster.
and then get them to you and the others for review.
> >  then I will port it to Haze (libpurple) and latter to the other CM's.
Thank you Sjoerd for your comments.
> > #16891 on the Free Desktop Bugzilla.
> specific to Ubuntu (or other projects hosted on Launchpad, which we're not).
> the bugs' Cc lists.
> you, for a bit more clarity.
Glad to not have to type out ofdT any more thanks for the abreviation.
> a D-Bus property ?
I will need to research this and get back to you.
> or both. Perhaps Encryptable, Verifiable as separate properties?
I created them to use more boolean values and less unsigned integer values.
We discussed this as a better way to limit the choices for a property.
> or no encryption if you want server-side logs to be useful).
had been confirmed, that is the way Cosimoc intended any ways.
any chat(IM) protocol. But you are right it may not be needed.
> server), but that's pretty obscure.
> Moved from the Encryptable proposal, presumably?
Yes and this may be better than the other methods above.
Yes, how would I properly show that for the spec?
> be either OTR or XTLS to start with).
OK, thank you, but how should it look?
> > to ofdT.Channel.Interfaces.Securable as DRAFT properties.
> need the rest of the interface.
I agree and I like what you had added so far, just hoping to enhance it further.
> and move properties from the draft to the stable one as they become stable.
OK I appreciate that insight and will make sure I type it correctly in the spec.
> > 1. git://gitorious.org/wolfrage-telepathy/otr.git  My git branch for Spec, re-based with Origin.
> through the git history to see how they work in practice.
I fixed much of this by not rebasing.
> the conflict markers and commit the result.
> case you might choose one and delete the other.
perhaps in the future I will get better with GIT.
> > > #16891 on the Free Desktop Bugzilla.
> > specific to Ubuntu (or other projects hosted on Launchpad, which we're not).
> > the bugs' Cc lists.
Hopefully posting in both areas will suffice and will not bloat the bug too much.
I have enough of a start that I should begin putting it all into writing.
Looking forward to all replies and thank you all for your help.
A diagram showing current spec changes for E2E.
Please review initial patch and provide me with feedback. Please note this is my first submittal to an open source project so you may need to guide me a little in your comments; sorry that means extra work on the part of the reviewer.
This is to provide an initial framework for end-to-end security by providing a means for authentication and encryption, both will be extended in the future to provide some standard methods of authentication and encryption.
I have also attached a diagram to better show what I am going for, I needed it to prevent myself for making changes in to many places.
A few ideas for discussion: Perhaps it would be better to move the ofdT.channel.Interface.Authentication.Draft method and properties into ofdT.channel.Interface.Secureable.Future do you agree or should the two remain separate. I think they should be together as Secureable better implies a channel that is both authenticated and encrypted this secure. This would also simplify API changes.
2: Set the property EncryptionInterface and call method Secure.
4: Set the property AuthenticationInterface and call method Authenticate.
5: Watch the EncryptionState property; once verified set Verified property to True (As the channel is now secured because it is both Encrypted and Authenticated).
Please provide feedback, thank you.
More work to complete incorporate OTR is too follow.
I may need a lot of feedback as it is my first submission. Thank you.
That thread discusses using SRTP for XMPP/Jingle sessions. What about ZRTP which is another option?
Feedback on ZRTP's security properties would be appreciated; it isn't entirely clear to me what ZRTP's security model is. Please see the list of security properties in <http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/telepathy/2012-June/006122.html> for a useful starting point: which of those properties does ZRTP-over-Jingle have?
From a brief look at the specifications, it looks to me as though ZRTP is an alternative to DTLS as a layer over SRTP, providing (at least) confidentiality from passive attackers, integrity, and what I called "weak authentication" in that email (i.e. if you trust the path followed by your XMPP messages, then you can trust that you are talking to the peer you think you are), and perfect forward secrecy.
It appears to have several ways to get from weak to strong authentication: PGP or X.509 signatures, its own interactive handshake (the "short authentication string") analogous to SMP in OTR, or ssh-style key-continuity. Which of these are actually used in practice?
I'm not sure whether it has anonymity or replay protection. Feedback welcome.
Ideally, Telepathy UIs would not have to distinguish between ZRTP and DTLS, except possibly by one of them having more "security feature" flags than the other (if their security properties differ). However, it appears the authentication handshake has to be interactive at least some of the time (as for OTR); and if both are implemented, there's probably a need for a way to choose whether to try to use ZRTP or DTLS, and which set of long-term credentials (if any) to present.
Hopefully much of the Farsight work needed for DTLS+SRTP and ZRTP+SRTP, and some of the Telepathy design needed for each of XTLS, DTLS, ZRTP and OTR, would be the same?
One possible starting point for use of ZRTP would be to encrypt Jingle calls opportunistically and transparently, without worrying about whether the IM server can perform a man-in-the-middle attack or signalling that the call is encrypted; that would not be full end-to-end security, but it would at least get calls up to the same security status as IMs and presence ("if you trust your server, the peer's server and the hops between them, then everything is fine"), and it could be done in parallel with the (rather tricky) design for how the authentication bits work, I think.
I suspect most of the things I said later in the email thread apply equally if you replace DTLS with ZRTP (and TLS-SRP with the short authentication strings) throughout. Authentication is hard, authentication where the UI is in another process doubly so.
> Supporting both ZRTP and DTLS for Call channels would have the disadvantage that we have to be able to choose (somehow) which one to use for a particular call.
The benefit though is compatibility with more clients, some of which may already support ZRTP, but may be not Jingle over DTLS.
What's the current status on this? Is there something I can help with? Unfortunately I'm neither a telepathy developer nor experienced with glib and crypto code, but if someone is willing to give me a helping hand, I might still be able to help.
I think https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_mass_surveillance_scandal should be a good reason to speed up support for OTR.
One more vote on this one.
But for now only many good ideas are around, and little accessible to users.
Personally i do not hold a lot for the ssl that some protocols propose, in this scenario, but still it is better than nothing.


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text:
Q: Replace a certain line or word using php does any one know how can u replace a certain line or word or number in a specific line of a file using php example filename below
server.cfg
game dm
plugins etc etc etc
ports 2345

so can php just update the ports number? using any form or something? would be helpfull

A: Following is a step by step solution with explanations for each line.
NOTE: server.cfg must be writable by PHP.  Make sure to set the permissions so that PHP can write to that file first.  Otherwise you'll get a "failed to open stream: Permission denied" error.
// Define the path to the file here
$myFile = '/path/to/server.cfg';

// Define the new port number here
$newPort = '12345';
$newGameMode = 'cool';
$newMaxPlayers = 120;

// Load the file
$contents = file_get_contents($myFile);

// Modify the contents
$contents = preg_replace('/(ports) (\d+)/', '$1 '.$newPort, $contents);
$contents = preg_replace('/(gamemode) ([a-z]+)/', '$1 '.$newGameMode, $contents);
$contents = preg_replace('/(maxplayers) (\d+)/', '$1 '.$newMaxPlayers, $contents);

// Overwrite the file with the new contents
file_put_contents($myFile, $contents);

A: sweet but how can i do it with multiple lines example
$newport = $_POST['ports'];
$newgamemode = $_POST['gamemode'];
$newmaxplayers = $_POST['maxplayers'];
$contents = file_get_contents($myFile);
$contents = preg_replace('/(ports) (\\d+)/', '$1 '.$newport, $contents);
$contents = preg_replace('/(gamemode) (\\d+)/', '$1 '.$newgamemode, $contents);
$contents = preg_replace('/(maxplayers) (\\d+)/', '$1 '.$newmaxplayers, $contents);
file_put_contents($myFile, $contents);```

the current cfg file looks like this
gamemode asdsad
plugins discord04rel64 announce04rel64
ports 100
sqgamemode scripts/main.nut
maxplayers 100


text:
Q: How to write and use regular expression in java I want to write a regular expression in java which will accept the String having alphabets, numbers, - and space any number of times any where.
The string should only contain above mentioned and no other special characters. How to code the regular expression in java?
I tried the following, It works when I run it as a java application.
But the same code when I run in web application and accept the values through XML, It accepts '/'.
 String test1 = null;

 Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
 test1 = scan.nextLine();

 String alphaExp = "^[a-zA-Z0-9-]*$";

 Pattern r = Pattern.compile(alphaExp);
 Matcher m = r.matcher(test1);

 boolean flag = m.lookingAt();

 System.out.println(flag);

Can anyone help me on this please?

A: You can try to use POSIX character classes (see here):
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^[\\p{Alnum}\\p{Space}-]*$");
Matcher m = p.matcher("asfsdf 1212sdfsd-gf121sdg5 4s");
boolean b = m.lookingAt();

With this regular expression if the string you pass contain anything else than alphanumeric or space characters it will be a no match result.

A: I think you're just missing a space from the character class - since you mentioned it in your text ^[a-zA-Z0-9 -]*$
You can add the Pattern.MULTILINE flag too so you can specify how the pattern handles the lines:
     String alphaExp = "^[a-zA-Z0-9 -]*$";

     Pattern r = Pattern.compile(alphaExp, Pattern.MULTILINE);
     Matcher m = r.matcher(test1);

     boolean flag = m.lookingAt();

A: Pay attention to the fact that * quantifier will make it match to everything including no matches (0 or more times, like empty lines or blank tokens "", infinitely.
If you instead use + "[\w\d\s-\]+" it will match one or more (consider using \\ for each \ in your Java Regex code as follow: "[\\w\\d\\s-]+"
Consider that * is a quantity operator that works as {0, } and + works like {1, }


Fraud is an inevitability of business, and one that most won't concede they're susceptible to. But the blunt truth is, insiders who are close to critical systems—or outsiders who are skilled enough to exploit vulnerabilities in anti-fraud and other security controls—will steal. They may target assets they're entrusted to protect or cook the books to hide their tracks; in the end both types of fraudsters aim to make off with significant money.
Anti-fraud systems may be effective and getting better, but they're not going to deter a profit-motivated criminal. The challenge then becomes an exercise in anticipating the fraudster's next move. In order to get inside an adversary's head, anti-fraud professionals must consider what incentivizes a fraudster and what their targets could be. In most cases, this is a simple exercise: credit card data, personally identifiable information (PII), user account login credentials, and other types of proprietary data and information are common targets.
It's also imperative to consider how fraudsters might attempt to hurdle existing controls in order to access your business' assets. Multi-factor authentication may protect some payment card transactions, but what about gift cards, for example. Unlike bank-issued credit and debit cards, gift cards are generally not held to strict anti-fraud standards, which is largely why they are a desirable asset among many fraudsters. Illicit vendors selling stolen gift cards have become commonplace on the Deep & Dark Web (DDW) in recent years, leading to an uptick in instances of gift card fraud.
Thinking like a fraudster means considering all of the options available to an attacker and admitting that certain systems or processes may be flawed. Proactively identifying and addressing any weaknesses in existing anti-fraud programs—such as what fraudsters determined are often present within gift card security controls—can help businesses better anticipate and prepare for fraud.
Thinking like a criminal is only one part of this strategy. To accurately anticipate how your company, your peers, or your industry is being targeted, it's important to have insight into the conversations and behaviors of those perpetuating fraud. Not all organizations are going to have proper visibility into these realms, therefore it's important to have a trusted partner with eyes and ears on the DDW, for example.
Certain DDW forums focus on fraud, and on these forums, certain trends emerge. For example, discussions related to the lax anti-fraud controls of gift cards eventually manifested in a spike in gift card fraud.
Many fraudsters' ever-evolving tactics bear little resemblance to the tried-and-true fraud schemes with which most businesses are familiar. Although countless variations of credit card fraud, for example, are generally well-known and well-mitigated in the financial services and retail industries, many businesses continue to incur substantial losses from lesser-known types of fraud. In addition to gift card fraud, refund fraud, health savings account fraud, and rewards point fraud are only a few of many such examples that were initially conceived within the cybercriminal underground before posing a threat to businesses.
The DDW can be a rich source of insight into emerging fraud tactics and schemes. But because accessing and engaging within these online communities can be challenging and risky without the proper expertise and protections, businesses are encouraged to work with reputable intelligence vendors to more effectively, easily, and safely gain visibility into the cybercriminal underground.
Analysts have tied different types of fraud certain regions such as Eastern Europe, forcing businesses go to great lengths to gain insight into new schemes and tactics. These types of insights are critical for establishing countermeasures, the most effective of which typically account for the social, cultural, and linguistic nuances known to characterize fraudulent activity originating in certain regions.
But in recent years, new cybercriminal communities and, as a result—new tactics and types of fraud—have quickly emerged in many more regions. Latin America is one such example. While fraudsters in Latin America have long been considered unsophisticated, unorganized, and unlikely to pose any substantial threats to businesses, this community has since evolved substantially. Many businesses that previously had no reason to monitor the Spanish-language cybercriminal underground are now striving to understand and combat threats originating from fraudsters in Latin America. And given that threats and indicators can vary substantially across different regions and communities, keeping track of these variations and new developments is a must for businesses and anti-fraud teams.
Just as fraudsters are extremely resilient, persistent, and resourceful, businesses, too, should seek to emulate these characteristics when fighting fraud. This means approaching fraud from new perspectives, learning about emerging schemes and tactics proactively, and seeking third-party services and expertise when necessary. While businesses have little control over the existence of fraud, they can control the extent to which they prepare for and mitigate this ever-evolving threat.


text:
Apple Watch will cause major problems for traditional watch makers, Goldman Sachs says - and claims 11% of iPhone users are 'very likely' to buy one
Online pre-orders are available in the US, Canada, UK, Germany, France, Australia, Hong Kong, China and Japan
Report says launch could cause major problems for traditional watch firms
Predicts 13.5m Apple Watch units sold in 2015 and 23.8m in 2016
By Mark Prigg For Dailymail.com
Published: 19:32 EDT, 15 April 2015 | Updated: 03:41 EDT, 16 April 2015
Over 10% of iPhone owners say they will buy an Apple Watch, a new survey has found.
Goldmach Sachs surveyed 1,000 people, and found 11% of people who own an iPhone are 'very likely' to buy the $349 smart timepiece this year.
It said the demand for the Watch was 'encouraging', and says sales are likely to hit hit traditional watch firms.
Online pre-orders began at 12.01am PDT and although Apple said the devices will ship on 24 April within just an hour, this had been pushed back to June for many disgruntled customers. Buyers also reported that the site was still down after the launch time, forcing them to order the device through the Apple App Store app
APPLE WATCH - THE MAIL'S VERDICT
'Will the Apple Watch change your life? Well, possibly more than many realise until they start using it.
'After a day or two with the watch, a strange thing happened - I completely stopped checking my phone.
'While Apple may be the firm that really creates phone addiction, meaning we are constantly checking our handsets, with the Apple Watch it may have cured it.
'Apple undoubtedly has another hit on its hands with the watch.
'As more and more apps appear, and developers actually get to spend time with it, I fully expect it be used in ways we can't even imagine now.
'Much like the iPhone, apps could propel this to become a new computing platform - and even with the features it already has, the Apple watch is the most elegant way to communicate digitally.'
'Our key insights include encouraging initial demand, with +11% of iPhone users 'very likely' to purchase an Apple Watch this year,' the report said.
It also found that the launch could cause major problems for traditional watch firms.
'Regular watch wearers are among the most likely to order an Apple or other smart watch, suggesting high displacement rates for traditional watches from smart watch adoption'
It says young consumers are substantially more likely to buy an Apple Watch than older consumers, and that brands likely to be worst hit include Fossil, Seiko, Casio, Rolex, Timex, and TAG Heuer are the watch brands they wear today.
It says the mid-range manufacturers could see major slowdowns in sales.
'We see greatest risk to the mid-tier watch category.
'The US watch market totaled 61mn units in 2014, with 11-12mn units in the 'mid-tier' ($150-$1,000 price range).
The mid-tier appears most vulnerable because of the price point overlap with Apple Watches ($349-$1,099).'
It also found that men were more likely to buy the watch, which goes on sale on April 24th - but not by much.
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'Analysts have raised concerns the Apple Watch is 'too geeky' for women, but we are more constructive in view of a solid showing in our survey of women iPhone users who are 'very likely' to purchase (10% vs. men 13%).
Goldman has a forecast of 13.5 million Apple Watch units sold globally in 2015 and 23.8 million in 2016.
A previous study estimated 957,000 American shoppers ordered Apple Watches on Friday — a sign the tech giant's newest gadget is already seeing more initial success than its first iPhone or the iPod.
That estimate comes from Slice Intelligence, which measures digital commerce by tracking consumer e-receipts.
Goldmach Sachs surveyed 1,000 people, and found 11% are 'very likely' to buy the $349 smart timepiece this year.
Its data from online shoppers showed an average of 1.3 watches bought per customer, with $503.83 spent per item - although Apple has not officially confirmed any sales figures.
Those ordering an Apple Watch Sport, the cheapest version, spent $382.83 per watch and those ordering the Apple Watch spent $707.04.
'As expected, most consumers–62 percent– purchased the less-expensive Sport model,' said Jaimee Minney of Slice.
However, many Apple Watch buyers invested in the pricier case but the cheapest band, with more than one third adding a black or white Sport band.
The data also showed that most consumers opted for the larger 42 mm case, with Its data from online shoppers showed an average of 1.3 watches bought per customer, with $503.83 spent per item..
Sport buyers were slightly more likely to choose the 38 mm case, with 32 percent purchasing the smaller version, versus 24 percent of Apple Watch buyers.
The most popular type of case was the Space Gray aluminum case, with 40 percent of Apple Watch buyers choosing the option, followed by: stainless steel at 34 percent, silver aluminum at 23 percent and finally Space Black stainless steel at three percent.
The Watch also went on display in Apple stores across these regions, as well as in Galeries Lafayette in Paris (pictured), Isetan in Tokyo, Selfridges in London, and select Apple resellers in Japan and China.
The Black Sport Band was by far the most popular among both Apple Watch and Apple Watch Sport buyers, with 49 percent overall pre-ordering one, followed by the White Sport Band at 16 percent and the more expensive Milanese Loop ($149 versus $49 for the black Sport band) rounding out the top three at around 10 percent.
Apple is likely to quickly ramp up production of the Apple Watch after strong pre-orders outstripped limited supply, analysts said on Monday.
Apple's website lists shipping times in June for some models, and four to six weeks for others, suggesting the company is straining to meet demand.
However, analysts said Apple could sell between 2.3 million and 4 million watches in the quarter ending June.
Apple was widely expected to disclose pre-orders on Monday, following its usual pattern after a product launch.
But Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster said this may not happen this time because of the supply issue.
'Overall we view the trends over the weekend as an indication of solid demand paired with very limited supply, with supply being the most significant limiting factor,' Munster said in a client note.
Munster, who thinks Apple will sell 2.3 million watches in the April-June quarter, expects the company to ramp up production between mid-May and June.
Estimates by shopping data firm Slice Intelligence and brokerage Cowen and Co pegged bookings on Friday, the first day of pre-orders, at about 1 million in the United States.
For comparison, about 720,000 Android-powered smartwatches offered by companies including Samsung Electronics Co Ltd and Sony Corp were shipped in all of 2014, according to market research firm Canalys.
Analysts at brokerage Pacific Crest said their checks showed that Apple appeared to be ordering components for the watch that would allow it to make well over 20 million this year.
UBS estimates that Apple will sell 16 million watches in fiscal 2015 ending September and 40 million in fiscal 2016.
The watch, which allow users to check email, listen to music and make phone calls when paired with an iPhone, goes on sale officially on April 24.
BofA Merrill Lynch expects Apple to ship 4 million smartwatches in the quarter, while Cowen expects 3 million.
The watch is Chief Executive Tim Cook's first new major product launch and the company's first foray into the personal luxury-goods market.
Despite mixed reviews, which generally praised the watch's styling but criticized its less-than-spectacular battery life and slow-loading apps, people flocked to Apple stores to get a close-up look.
Apple booked pre-orders for about 4 million iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus models when they were released in September.
As part of the first wave of pre-orders, the Watch can be bought online by people in the US, Canada, UK, Germany, France, Australia, Hong Kong, China and Japan.
The Watch also went on display in Apple stores across these regions, as well as in Galeries Lafayette in Paris, Isetan in Tokyo, Selfridges in London, and select Apple resellers in Japan and China.
Apple Watch fans are pictured in Beijing looking at the devices behind glass and on a display stand
'We are excited to welcome customers tomorrow and introduce them to Apple Watch, our most personal device yet.
'Based on the tremendous interest from people visiting our stores, as well as the number of customers who have gone to the Apple Online Store to mark their favourite Apple Watch ahead of availability, we expect that strong customer demand will exceed our supply at launch,' said Angela Ahrendts, Apple's senior vice president of Retail and Online Stores.
'To provide the best experience and selection to as many customers as we can, we will be taking orders for Apple Watch exclusively online during the initial launch period.'
EVERYTHING WE KNOW ABOUT THE APPLE WATCH
The Apple Watch is available in three models: the Apple Watch, Apple Watch Sport (pictured) and Apple Watch Edition
Models: The Apple Watch will be available in three models: the Apple Watch, Watch Sport and Watch Edition.
All models will be sold in either 1.4-inch (38mm) or 1.7-inch (42mm) versions depending on which colour the owner chooses.
Apple Watch is made of stainless steel with a sapphire crystal Retina display and ceramic back.
Apple Watch Sport is made of 7000 Series Silver Aluminum with Ion-X Glass on a Retina display and composite back.
Apple Watch Edition has a similar build to the Apple Watch but comes in 18-Karat Rose Gold and Yellow Gold.
Interchangeable straps include fluoroelastomer (rubber), leather, and stainless steel.
Prices: Apple Watch is made of stainless steel and prices range between $549 and $1048 for the 1.4-inch model and $599 and $1099 for the larger 1.7-inch version.
Watch Sport is made of 7000 Series Silver Aluminum and ranges from $349 to $399.
The premium Edition has a similar build to the Apple Watch but comes in 18-Karat Rose Gold and Yellow Gold.
Prices start at $10,000.
All of the watches can be pre-ordered from 10 April and goes on sale on 24 April.
In the UK, Sport starts at £299, the standard Watch starts at £479 and the Edition model will cost £8,000.
Gestures: Following last year's unveiling, Apple admitted the Watch is unlike any device it has ever made.
It said it has 'reinvented all-new ways to select navigate and input that are suited to a smaller device worn on the wrist'. The Watch is also said to be able to sense force adding 'a new dimension to the user interface'.
Force Touch uses electrodes around the flexible display to distinguish between a light tap and a deep press, and trigger instant access to a range of contextually specific controls - such as an action menu in Messages, or a mode that lets you select different watch faces.
The Sport model is pictured left, the Watch is pictured centre and the Edition is pictured right. All of the watches can be pre-ordered from 10 April and will be available in stores from this date
Digital Crown: On mechanical watches, the crown has historically been used to set the time and date and to wind the mainspring.
Apple has adapted this and its 'digital' crown can be used to magnify content on the small display.
Rotating the digital crown replaces the typical pinching motion used on iPhones and iPads and allows wearers to zoom and scroll without obstructing the screen.
Pressing the crown will also return wearers to the home screen.
Watch OS: Apple has taken the iOS software on its phones and tablets and tweaked it to better suit the watch's power, display size and functions. It has also invented a new typeface to make the screen easier to read.
Sapphire display: Apple Watches have a laminated Retina display made from a 'single crystal of sapphire.' While on the Sport collection the screen has the added protection of Ion-X glass.
Glances: The Glances feature shows info users would like to see, similar to Google Now, and is accessed by swiping the screen up from the bottom.
For instance, wearers can glimpse the weather forecast, check out what's next on their calendar, or find their location on a map.
They can then swipe through different Glances, or tap on one to go directly to its corresponding app for more details.
Music can also be controlled on an iPhone through the Apple Watch.
On the back of the Watch's case is a sensor (pictured) that uses infrared and visible-light LEDs and photodiodes to detect the wearer's heart rate
Vibration and notifications: The Watch has a built-in is a 'taptic engine' that responds to a subtle vibrations users feel on their wrist for notifications.
Any notification that appears on the connected phone will appear on the Watch.
This is made from a linear actuator, or motor, inside the Apple Watch that produces haptic feedback.
The wearer can then respond to these messages directly or swipe down to see the Notification Centre.
This haptic feedback could also be used with Apple Maps, for example, to help people navigate. It will produced gentle vibrations to signal when to turn left or right.
The Watch additionally understands questions in messages and offers pre-selected answers, and messages can be dictated to the iPhone.
And this taptic engine means people can get someone's attention with a gentle tap or send their heartbeat remotely.
There is no keyboard on the Watch, and messages can only be sent through dictation, or emoji.
Siri is also built into the Apple Watch.
Heart rate sensor: On the back of the Watch's case, a ceramic cover with sapphire lenses sits above a sensor that uses infrared and visible-light LEDs and photodiodes to detect the wearer's heart rate.
Apple Watch uses this sensor, along with an accelerometer and the GPS and Wi‑Fi in a connected iPhone, to measure physical movement such as steps, distance and calories.
Inductive charging: The Watch uses Apple's MagSafe technology with inductive charging.
This means it can be charged wirelessly by placing a connector near the back of the watch where magnets cause it to snap into place automatically. MagSafe is the name of the connector Apple uses with its MacBook range.
Battery life: The watch has an average battery life of 18 hours
First Apple Watch Data: One Just Isn't Enough | Slice Intelligence
Apple Watch will cause major problems for traditional watch makers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
El Sherana is an abandoned uranium mine in the South Alligator River Valley of the Northern Territory, Australia.

The deposit was discovered in 1954 by a United Uranium NL exploration team, led by Joe Fischer, with a ground radiometric survey. The site was named after the daughters of a team staff member, William 'Bluey' Halpin Kay - Elvira, Sherryl and Lana. El Sherana operated from 1958 to 1959 and El Sherana West from 1961 to 1964. The site was rehabilitated between 1988 and 1992.

El Sherana was the largest producer of high grade uranium ore (with minor gold and silver) amongst the mines along the South Alligator River Valley. It had underground and open-cut operations. Production from El Sherana was 38,437 long tons at a grade of 12.42 lb U3O8 per long ton (0.55% U3O8). From El Sherana West, 21,316 long tons at a grade of 18.35 lb U3O8 per long ton (0.82% U3O8) were produced.

At El Sherana and El Sherana West, uranium-gold mineralisation occurs in two general settings:
at or near the shallow-dipping Koolpin Formation/Coronation Sandstone unconformity, where it is cut by normal and reverse faults (El Sherana pit). The host rocks are chert-banded siltstone and carbonaceous shale adjacent to sandstone (Coronation Sandstone) and altered volcanics (Pul Pul Rhyolite), in irregular zones along the contacts between cherty ferruginous shale and carbonaceous shale (El Sherana West). The ore consisted of massive pods and disseminated veinlets of pitchblende, with secondary metatorbernite, autunite, gummite and gold, with minor pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite. Gold occurred as veinlets within pitchblende or as separate zones of mineralisation. Gold distribution extends beyond the high grade pitchblende pods that in places contain visible gold and forms an envelope around the poddy high grade uranium mineralisation, with grades of up to 0.2 ounce per ton (5.5 g/tonne).

References

Further reading

Farwell, George, Cape York to the Kimberleys, Rigby Limited, Adelaide, 1962, Chapter 14

Mines in the Northern Territory
Uranium mines in Australia
1954 establishments in Australia
1964 disestablishments

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
D.C. Circuit's Rejection of FCC's 2015 "Autodialer" Definition is Welcome News for Businesses in TCPA Class Actions
by Michael R. McDonald
On March 16, 2018, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals issued a long awaited decision in its review of the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) 2015 Declaratory Ruling and Order, which among other things, had sought to clarify various aspects of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act's (TCPA) general bar against using automated dialing devices (ATDS) to make uninvited calls or texts messages. The FCC's 2015 Order was largely viewed by businesses as having greatly expanded the scope of the TCPA, opening the floodgates of class action litigation against businesses utilizing virtually any type of text messaging to communicate ads to customers.
In ACA International v. FCC, the D.C. Circuit, among other things, struck down the Commission's broad definition of autodialer. The TCPA generally makes it unlawful to call a cell phone using an ATDS, i.e., "equipment which has the capacity-(A) to store or produce telephone numbers to be called, using a random or sequential number generator; and (B) to dial such numbers." Id. § 227(a)(1). The FCC's 2015 Order declined to define a device's "capacity" in a manner confined to its "present capacity," but rather, construed a device's "capacity" to encompass its "potential functionalities" with modifications such as software changes. Thus, under the Commission's 2015 interpretation, calls or texts made with a device having the capacity to function as an autodialer can violate the statute even if autodialer features are not used to make the call, making virtually every smartphone an "autodialer." The D.C. Circuit struck down this interpretation as arbitrary and capricious, explaining that it was "beyond the zone of delegated authority" and "utterly unreasonable in the breadth of regulatory inclusion."
The Circuit Court also set aside the FCC's 2015 ruling regarding which functions qualify a device as an autodialer. Under the statutory definition, a device constitutes an ATDS if it has the capacity to perform both of two enumerated functions: "to store or produce telephone numbers to be called, using a random or sequential number generator"; and "to dial such numbers." 47 U.S.C. § 227(a)(1)(A)-(B). The role of the phrase "using a random or sequential number generator" has raised significant questions over the years, including whether a device must itself have the ability to generate random or sequential telephone numbers to be dialed, or is it enough if the device can call from a database of telephone numbers generated elsewhere. The Circuit Court found that the 2015 Order gave no clear answer and improperly suggested that both competing interpretations might be permissible.
In addition, the Court found that the FCC's 2015 ruling was also unclear about whether certain other referenced capabilities are necessary for a dialer to qualify as an ATDS, for example, whether a "basic function" of an autodialer is the ability to "dial numbers without human intervention." Although the Court seemed to agree that an autodialer envisioned dialing without human intervention, and that an autodialer envisioned generating random or sequential numbers rather than calling from a set list of numbers, the Court did not further define ATDS.
In the Court's view, the FCC's 2015 ruling left affected parties "in a significant fog of uncertainty about how to determine if a device is an ATDS so as to bring into play the restrictions on unconsented calls."
The autodialer controversy will no doubt continue. Further clarification from the FCC should be expected soon. Litigants will also have to monitor lower court opinions further interpreting the D.C. Circuit's decision.
Michael R. McDonald is a Director in the Gibbons Commercial & Criminal Litigation Department.
Tags: AppealTelephone Consumer Protection Act ("TCPA")


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Rwanda-born Ncuti Gatwa to play first black Doctor Who in series
Friday May 27 2022
"Doctor Who's" Ncuti Gatwa casting could hide a big twist. PHOTO | COURTESY | RADIO TIMES
Gatwa will be the first black actor and the 14th person to play the lead in the British TV series, broadcast by the BBC since 1963. He is replacing Jodie Whittaker, who took over the role in 2017.
Gatwa was born in Nyarugenge, Kigali in 1992. His family migrated to Scotland in 1994, to escape the Genocide against the Tutsi.
By MOSES K. GAHIGI
Rwandan-born Ncuti Gatwa is the new lead actor in Doctor Who, for the third and final of the 2022 specials to air in October.
On the announcement this week, Gatwa said, "There aren't quite the words to describe how I am feeling. A mix of being deeply honoured, beyond excited and of course a little bit scared."
"This role and show mean so much to so many around the world including myself, and each one of my incredibly talented predecessors handled the unique responsibility and privilege with the utmost care. I will endeavour my utmost to do the same," he said.
Gatwa, an award winning actor, played Eric Effiong in the Netflix series Sex Education, winning a BAFTA Scotland Award for Best Actor in Television and three BAFTA award nominations for Best Male Comedy Performance this year.
He is also set to act in Greta Gerwig's upcoming Barbie film, alongside Hollywood actors Margot Robbie and Ryan Gosling, planned to be released in July 2023.
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Doctor Who is the story of a time lord called the Doctor, an extra-terrestrial being who looks like a human being. He explores the universe in a time-travelling spaceship called Tardis, which appears as a blue British police box. As the Doctor regenerates into different people, a new lead actor takes over the role.
Gatwa was raised mostly in Dunfermline and Edinburgh. He attended Boroughmuir High School and Dunfermline High School.
He studied at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland in Glasgow, where he graduated with a BA in acting in 2013.
He worked as an actor at the Dundee Repertory Theatre, performing in several productions.
In 2015, he appeared in a supporting role in the miniseries Stonemouth, an adaptation of the 2020 novel of the same name.
That same year, he performed in the Kneehigh theatre production of 946, which was adapted from Michael Morpurgo's book The Amazing Story of Adolphus.


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