age 73 of Algonac, MI. died September 25, 2011 in the St. Johns River District Hospital. He was born November 3, 1937 in St. Clair, MI.
Mr. Avers is survived by his children Brian C. Avers and Christine L. Avers and a grandson Ian J. Avers.
Funeral services will be held at 12:00 Noon Thursday September 29, 2011 in the Gilbert Funeral Home, Algonac, MI. with Rev. Paul Bush of the Algonac Church of Christ officiating. Visitation 6-9 PM Wednesday. Burial will be in the Oaklawn Cemetery, Algonac. Memorial donations may be made to the Family Wishes.


Complaints can be filed online through the Sexual Violence Reporting Form.
For a full outline of the Title IX University reporting process visit the Title IX – University Process page on the End Sexual Violence website.
All policies are subject to amendment. Please refer to the Rutgers University Policy Library website (policies.rutgers.edu) for the official, most recent versions.


Warning: This story is a slice of life. Conflicts will be rare. This is meant to be read for relaxation after a tiring day. That said, This story does contain bits of realism as it tackles the issues that I myself have experienced and am suffering from. I'm also attempting to approach a certain topic that I believe most people won't be able to relate with. The topic of naming newborns. Despite this story being a slice of life, it deals with a serious topic which I'm unfortunately not very sure if I'll be able to deliver properly. To those who would express curiosity and interest, thank you so much.


Oracle Database Gateways provide the ability to transparently integrate with non-Oracle systems from an Oracle environment. This transparency eliminates the need for application developers to customize their applications to access data from different non-Oracle systems, thus decreasing development efforts and increasing the mobility of the application. Applications can be developed using a consistent Oracle interface for both Oracle and non-Oracle systems.
For smooth interoperability between disparate systems, SQL translations, data dictionary translations and data type translations are required, even if the non-Oracle systems are based on SQL standards. Gateways have the ability to translate one system's dialect to another.
Oracle has tailored Gateways to many systems, DB2, Sybase, Informix, SQL Server, IMS, VSAM, Adabas, to name a few. These are specifically coded for the target non-Oracle system. They provide an optimized solution and are also end-to-end certified.
· On the same computer as an existing Oracle database but in a different Oracle home.
· On a system with no Oracle database.
· On the same computer as the Oracle database and in the same Oracle home directory. Note that in this case, the Oracle database and the gateway must be at the same release level.
The gateway system identifier (SID) is an alphanumeric character string that identifies a gateway instance. You need one gateway instance, and therefore one gateway SID, for each SQL Server database you are accessing. The SID is used as part of the file name for the initialization parameter file. The default SID is dg4msql.
You can define a gateway SID, but using the default of dg4msql is easier because you do not need to change the initialization parameter file name. However, if you want to access two SQL Server databases, you need two gateway SIDs, one for each instance of the gateway. If you have only one SQL Server database and want to access it sometimes with one set of gateway parameter settings, and other times with different gateway parameter settings, then you will need multiple gateway SIDs for the single SQL Server database.
Where $ORACLE_HOME is the directory under which the gateway is installed.
This initialization file is for the default gateway SID. If you are not using dg4msql as the gateway SID, you must rename the initialization parameter file using the SID you chose in the preceding step "Choose a System Identifier for the Gateway". This default initialization parameter file is sufficient for starting the gateway, verifying a successful installation, and running the demonstration scripts.
A number of initialization parameters can be used to modify the gateway behavior. Refer to Appendix C, "Initialization Parameters" for the complete list of initialization parameters that can be set. Changes made to the initialization parameters only take effect in the next gateway session. The most important parameter is the HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO, which describes the connection to the non-Oracle system.
is the host name or IP address of the machine hosting the SQL Server database.
is the port number of the SQL Server database.
is the instance of SQL Server running on the machine.
is the SQL Server Database database name.
Service "dg4msql" has 1 instance(s).
This error can happen when the gatewayinit file is not found in the gateway/admin directory or if it has an error inthe file. When there's a config error in the file it commonly reports the linein which the error is.


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An inside source told the British publication : "Sandra and Troy have always got on well, but she doesn't want to publicly date him until she's 100 per cent ready for a relationship.
She's also worried about getting her heart broken, so a no-strings fling is fine, but she's not committing to anything yet." On top of that, Sandra Bullock also wants to look after the best interests of her adopted son Louis.
Sandra Bullock seems to be in the news a lot these days for one thing or another.
He got divorced in 2011, and he has been dating model Tracy Ripsin for several months now.
The personal life of former Dallas Cowboys quarterback Troy Aikman has suddenly been thrust into the public spotlight.


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text:
A Grad Student Solved the Epic Conway Knot Problem—in a Week
Peer-Reviewed Scientific Journals Don't Really Do Their Job
Science Has a New Way to Gauge the Universe's Expansion Rate
Is the Equal Sign Overrated? Mathematicians Hash It Out
A Computer Science Proof Holds Answers for Math and Physics
The Science Behind Why No Two Snowflakes Are Alike
Space Photos of the Week: Pretty Planets, Gorgeous Galaxies
Space Photos of the Week: Hubbub Over Hubble
Now Entering Orbit: Tiny Lego-like Modular Satellites
A Star's Auroras Light the Way to a New Exoplanet
Why Do Matter Particles Come in Threes?
Get to Know Maxwell's Equations—You're Using Them Right Now
Are Running or Cycling Actually Risks for Spreading Covid-19?
Space Photos of the Week: Here Comes the Sun
Space Photos of the Week: Magnetic Fields May Slow Star Births
Here's What a $52 Million Ticket to the ISS Will Get You
Astronomers Think They Can Explain Mysterious Cosmic Bursts
Are Humans Fit for Space? A 'Herculean' Study Says Maybe Not
The Largest Scientific Structure Ever Powers Up in Africa
Space Photos of the Week: Strap on Your Space Goggles and Bask in the Starlight
Astronomers Are Uncovering the Magnetic Soul of the Universe
Anytime astronomers figure out a new way of looking for magnetic fields in ever more remote regions of the cosmos, inexplicably, they find them.
Original story reprinted with permission from Quanta Magazine, an editorially independent publication of the Simons Foundation whose mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and the physical and life sciences.These force fields—the same entities that emanate from fridge magnets—surround Earth, the sun, and all galaxies. Twenty years ago, astronomers started to detect magnetism permeating entire galaxy clusters, including the space between one galaxy and the next. Invisible field lines swoop through intergalactic space like the grooves of a fingerprint.
The Physics Nobel Goes to the Big Bang and Exoplanets
This year's award goes to a Canadian physicist, James Peebles, whose theoretical work underpins the current understanding of the universe's beginnings, and to two Swiss astronomers, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, who discovered the first planet orbiting a Sun-like star .
Last year, astronomers finally managed to examine a far sparser region of space—the expanse between galaxy clusters. There, they discovered the largest magnetic field yet: 10 million light-years of magnetized space spanning the entire length of this "filament" of the cosmic web. A second magnetized filament has already been spotted elsewhere in the cosmos by means of the same techniques. "We are just looking at the tip of the iceberg, probably," said Federica Govoni of the National Institute for Astrophysics in Cagliari, Italy, who led the first detection.
The question is: Where did these enormous magnetic fields come from?
"It clearly cannot be related to the activity of single galaxies or single explosions or, I don't know, winds from supernovae," said Franco Vazza, an astrophysicist at the University of Bologna who makes state-of-the-art computer simulations of cosmic magnetic fields. "This goes much beyond that."
Space Photos of the Week: Reading the Universe in Infrared
By filtering for infrared scientists are able to peer through the visible stuff that gets in the way, like gas and dust and other material, to see heat, and in space there's a lot of hot stuff.
One possibility is that cosmic magnetism is primordial, tracing all the way back to the birth of the universe. In that case, weak magnetism should exist everywhere, even in the "voids" of the cosmic web—the very darkest, emptiest regions of the universe. The omnipresent magnetism would have seeded the stronger fields that blossomed in galaxies and clusters.
The cosmic web, shown here in a computer simulation, is the large-scale structure of the universe. Dense regions are filled with galaxies and galaxy clusters. Thin filaments connect these clumps. Voids are nearly empty regions of space.Illustration: Springel & others/Virgo Consortium
Cosmic Triangles Open a Window to the Origin of Time
One curious pattern cosmologists have known about for decades is that space is filled with correlated pairs of objects: pairs of hot spots seen in telescopes' maps of the early universe; pairs of galaxies or of galaxy clusters or superclusters in the universe today; pairs found at all distances apart.
Primordial magnetism might also help resolve another cosmological conundrum known as the Hubble tension—probably the hottest topic in cosmology.The problem at the heart of the Hubble tension is that the universe seems to be expanding significantly faster than expected based on its known ingredients. In a paper posted online in April and under review with Physical Review Letters, the cosmologists Karsten Jedamzik and Levon Pogosian argue that weak magnetic fields in the early universe would lead to the faster cosmic expansion rate seen today.Primordial magnetism relieves the Hubble tension so simply that Jedamzik and Pogosian's paper has drawn swift attention. "This is an excellent paper and idea," said Marc Kamionkowski, a theoretical cosmologist at Johns Hopkins University who has proposed other solutions to the Hubble tension.
Is the Universe a Hologram? Maybe! This Math Trick Shows How
Kamionkowski and others say more checks are needed to ensure that the early magnetism doesn't throw off other cosmological calculations. And even if the idea works on paper, researchers will need to find conclusive evidence of primordial magnetism to be sure it's the missing agent that shaped the universe.Still, in all the years of talk about the Hubble tension, it's perhaps strange that no one considered magnetism before. According to Pogosian, who is a professor at Simon Fraser University in Canada, most cosmologists hardly think about magnetism. "Everyone knows it's one of those big puzzles," he said. But for decades, there was no way to tell whether magnetism is truly ubiquitous and thus a primordial component of the cosmos, so cosmologists largely stopped paying attention.
AI Algorithms Are Now Shockingly Good at Doing Science
(The software they used treats the latent space somewhat differently from the way a generative adversarial network treats it, so it is not technically a GAN, though similar.) Their model created artificial data sets as a way of testing hypotheses about physical processes.
Tags: magnets, university, universe, magnetism, galaxy, space, paper, way, tension, filament, web, fields, field,

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
This Day in Liberal Judicial Activism—August 11
Judge Rosemary Barkett.
2006—In a separate opinion in Henyard v. McDonough, Eleventh Circuit judge Rosemary Barkett, reaching out to address an issue that she concedes (with considerable understatement) "may not be directly before us," opines that the Eighth Amendment should be construed to bar the death penalty for murderers "with a mental age of less than eighteen years."
What exactly Barkett means by "mental age" is confused. At one point, she quotes, with seeming approval, a definition of "mental age" as the "chronological age equivalent of the person's highest level of mental capacity." But she inconsistently equates it with "emotional level" and says that "even high IQ in an adult defendant" is compatible with "a mental age of a child." Her test appears to be whether a murderer shares a "child's inability to understand why the rules exist, to appreciate the consequences of breaking them for herself and for society, and to consistently make judgments based on the foregoing."
Barkett's test virtually ensures that most heinous murderers will be deemed to have a mental age below 18. Indeed, she states that there is "no dispute" that Richard Henyard—who carjacked a mother and her two daughters (ages 7 and 3), raped and shot the mother, and shot and killed the daughters—has a mental age below 18.
Barkett's test would seem to establish that she has the mental age of a child. Does This Day perennial Barkett "understand why the rules exist"? Does she "appreciate the consequences of breaking them"—through her lawless judicial activism? Does she "consistently make judgments based" on those understandings? From the evidence that pervades This Day entries, the answers are no, no, and no.


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Love the energy in this video, "Vicious Circle", shot in Paris by Olivier Fanchon. A great edit featuring Yoan Taillandier, Greg Cuadrado, Lucien Clarke, Karl Salah, Sam Partaix, Vincent Touzery and Leo Valls. Turn your speakers up, Nine Inch Nails was a … Continue reading →View the whole post: Skate Video of the Day: "Vicious Circle" by Olivier Fanchon over on BOOOOOOOM!.
Paintings by American artist Alex Gross who is absolutely fantastic at portraying and commenting on the consumer driven world we live in today through his timely paintings. See more below.View the whole post: Alex Gross over on BOOOOOOOM!.
New video for Danish band Mew's "Water Slides", directed by Anders Malmberg. Watch the video below.View the whole post: Music Video: Mew "Water Slides" over on BOOOOOOOM!.
According to Wikipedia, American filmmaker Dan Eckert coined the term "hyperlapse" in 2012, referring to a method of filmmaking where a camera is aimed at a fixed point while it is moved large distances. Single images are then aligned in post … Continue reading →View the whole post: Video of the Day: The World's First Hyperlapse 16mm Film (1995) over on BOOOOOOOM!.


An expression used to emphasize that something should have occurred a long time ago. Well, it's about time you got here—I've been waiting for an hour! It's about time that high schools taught their students about basic banking and finance. A: "He finally moved out of his parents' house." B: "About time! He's 40 years old."
Also, it's high time. See about time; high time.
(spoken) used for saying that something should be done or happen immediately or very soon: It's high time that this room was properly cleaned! ♢ So you've started work! It's about time! (= you should have started a long time ago).
After losing two hearings it's about time the council paid up.
IT'S about time we put an [fend to David Weir's play-' ing days.
IT'S about time there was a crackdown on drivers using hand held mobile phones.
It's about time the judges were looked into, when you see the sentences they give out I wonder whose side they are on.
Now that your cell phone fits in your pocket, it's about time your camera did too.
Of course it's about time a transvestite potter won.
I think it's about time we stopped tormenting ourselves and, however miserable the prospect, confront the fact that we are a third rate rugby playing nation.
IT'S about time the community had its say and let's get things done.
Seeing that "band" It's About Time reduced to tearful begging after being rejected was as embarrassing as it was entertaining.
IT'S about time we got to the bottom of what is going on at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory.
Also, it's about time some of the older diesel buses were removed.
It's about time that the federal government recognized that these workers deserved at least a consideration that they may have given their health and lives for their jobs.
Comedy Central's mockumentary series following the trials and tribulations of the nation's worst police force is currently in its second season, and it's about time too.


text:
March 6, 2022 Opinion
Time for Team Wales to back the clubs as South African challenge returns
While the vast majority of rugby supporters in Wales will be focused on the final two rounds of the Guinness Six Nations over the next fortnight, for those of us committed all year round to Cardiff and Scarlets it will be all eyes on South Africa as the two sides make a second attempt at playing United Rugby Championship fixtures in the rainbow nation.
Of course the last time we made the trip to the southern hemisphere it descended into chaos as the omicron variant of covid-19 emerged, the UK and Welsh Governments acted fast to close borders to countries including South Africa and then point blank refused to help the two rugby teams stuck out there leading to almost three weeks of quarantine in hotel rooms.
As a result it's full credit to the players and staff of Cardiff and Scarlets who will once again make the journey, this time with assurances from the URC that there are contingency plans in place should borders once again be closed at short notice.
On the field there's no doubt that it's a different challenge now than it would have been in late November/early December. Back then, on the back of the autumn international window, it's highly likely that none of the Springboks squad who had gone straight from the British and Irish Lions series into the Rugby Championship and then up to the northern hemisphere on tour would have featured.
Now though, as long as they aren't injured, those Springboks will be freely available for their clubs, which makes the Scarlets challenge particularly tough playing the Sharks and Bulls where the majority of the home-based players in their national squad are drawn from.
Adding to that is the fact that the games being in the Six Nations window means both the Welsh sides will be without their stars forming part of the Wayne Pivac's squad, and it is this I want to focus on. Specifically, can we for once somewhat prioritise the professional club game in Wales over the national team?
Losing to Ireland and England has meant that Wales are now realistically in a three-way battle with Scotland and England for third, fourth and fifth place in the table. Fixture-wise it's France next up on Friday night before Italy are the opponents on Super Saturday, both games taking place at the Principality Stadium.
A lot of the talk in the run-up to the French game will be around whether the likes of Josh Navidi and Scott Williams should be called into the national team squad, and truthfully on quality alone the answer is a resounding yes. Navidi is the most complete back rower Wales have and brings an added level of physicality to the pack, while Williams is the in-form centre in the country.
However, the point I would make is that Pivac's current squad have been together for six weeks now since meeting up at the end of January. Bringing two players in, getting them up to speed fitness-wise and learning the calls on a short week before a Friday night game is asking a lot of the players, the coaches and their team-mates.
From Navidi's perspective he has been sidelined with a shoulder problem for five months and did not look at the peak of his powers at Ulster for the Blue and Blacks, while in terms of Williams there have been public comments from Pivac that he wants Nick Tompkins and Owen Watkin to form a settled centre partnership for Wales after a year of disruption in the midfield largely due to injuries.
Therefore leaving them with their clubs ahead of two huge games in South Africa would be the most logical option on paper for all concerned, and I'd even go as far to wonder whether there is scope for some existing members of the national team to be released back to Cardiff and Scarlets for their mini-tours.
Ellis Jenkins, James Ratti, Willis Halaholo, Gareth Davies and Johnny McNicholl would be prime candidates to leave the Wales squad and join their club sides down in the southern hemisphere should they not be needed against France on Friday night which, judging by recent selection and the form of others, seems likely.
The rebuttal from Pivac & co would be around training numbers, injury cover ahead of the final game of the competition, and also possibly around the financial ramifications of finishing third versus finishing fifth, with a difference of around £1m of prize money at stake.
What I would say though is that Ospreys and Dragons players will all be available to train against and for injury cover with neither in action until the weekend of 25/26 March now. With the greatest of respect to Italy, if injury replacements are required then it doesn't necessarily need to be the very best option in Wales. Both of those teams have players capable of helping the national team beating the Italians.
Then in terms of the finances, after years of drastically under-investing in the professional game it would be a welcome change to see the Welsh Rugby Union effectively putting money into the professional clubs by passing up the opportunity to properly push for third place in the Six Nations in place of supporting Cardiff and Scarlets in their push for Heineken Champions Cup spots.
As was ever the case, investing in the professional clubs then has a pay-off for the national team over time, on this occasion it would hopefully result in getting three Welsh clubs to that top table of European competition in the season before the 2023 Rugby World Cup.
Unfortunately thinking on even a relatively short-term level has never been on the agenda of the WRU who struggle to see past the end of their gravy train, and so the likelihood of Cardiff and Scarlets receiving those personnel boosts before they fly out to South Africa this week are slim to none.
Instead they will be left to make the best of a tough situation down in the southern hemisphere, and when the defeats do come the same old social media numbskulls will wheel out their "regional rugby isn't working" hot takes, the Union will escape criticism and sit back happily in hospitality watching Wales hammer Italy thinking all is right with the world.
I dream of the day Welsh rugby finally gets something right.
Blue and BlacksBullsBulls RugbyCardiffCardiff RugbyCell C SharksDHL StormersEmirates LionsGuinness Six NationsInternational RugbyLionsLions RugbyRugbyRugby UnionScarletsScarlets RugbySharksSharks RugbySix NationsSouth AfricaSouth African RugbySportsStormersStormers RugbyUnited Rugby ChampionshipVodacom BullsWalesWelsh Rugby
On the road to nowhere
The WRU has caused this mess, but Pivac still needs to develop a backbone
great article, and it was thoroughly depressing watch the regions get totally outclassed by the SA teams. we looked like amateurs compared to them to be fair.


I have a few suggestions but they may not be your taste – one of the best books I ever read was Nelson DeMille – Nightfall. I love Vince Flynn and Davd Balddacci books also. Maybe you will see if you enjoy any of these authors.
Hope to see you, Price and Autumn at mama's on 8/23!


More than 50 skaters showed up for our Park Connector Nightskate II, which features East Coast Park and the Coastal Park Connector that links the park to Changi Village via a 12km path.
We started off from the skating rink next to the former Marine Cove, near car park C3 at East Coast Park and headed promptly in the direction of the Bedok Jetty.
Initially the journey was fine and we were greeted by the nice sea breeze. However, the weather changed abruptly as dark clouds filled the skies above us and the breeze turned into strong gushes of wind. Rain was imminent.
And soon enough, little droplets started trickling on our entourage near the National Service Resort Country Club and for the first time in years, we were forced to cancel the activity and seeked shelter at the country club premises.
Although the light drizzle did not last long and the weather seemed to clear, there were reports that many areas in the eastern areas were experiencing rain, and the weather forecast reports were not encouraging.
Some of the participants chose to skate back to the starting point to collect their vehicles, while others waited for the bus to evacuate them.
Although it was a pity not to complete the entire route, we were still grateful to the skaters who turned up and showed their support for the nightskate.


text:
Q: script to extract last modified files in multiple sub folder as a list in separate sub folder batch file which can search and list all the which are last modified date( which are latest in the subfolder) in all the subfolder
below command
gci -rec -file | sort LastWriteTime -Descending | select-object FullName,LastWriteTime| out-file D:\test.txt

the output gives all the files, not just one file per folder
like this batch file can move file base on the list
for /F "delims=" %%a in ('type "%FileList%"') do move "%Source%\%%a" "%Target%"

A: In PowerShell, this should work:
$rootPath = 'The_path_where_the_files_and_subfolders_to_collect_are'

# get the list of files, group them by the DirectoryName property and loop through
$result = Get-ChildItem -Path $rootPath -Recurse -File | Group-Object DirectoryName | ForEach-Object {
    $_.Group | Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending |
    Select-Object -First 1 -Property FullName,LastWriteTime
}
# write the results into a neat CSV file
$result | Export-Csv -Path 'D:\latestfiles.csv' -UseCulture -NoTypeInformation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Many people are victims of crime. Often times, there are steps that people can take to protect themselves and reduce the risk that they will become victimized. The following are crime prevention tips the Cambridge Police Department encourages residents to adopt to protect themselves and their property from theft or damage.
Protect yourself and your belongings with these street safety tips.
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Tips to prevents thefts from motor vehicles, specifically GPS units.
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Protect your belongings from theft.
Protect yourself from becoming a victim of identity theft.


To kick off 2019 with a bang, apsolut will be hosting an exclusive Roundtable in the United Kingdom. On the cusp of the 4th Industrial Revolution, it is fair to say that Digitalisation has not unfolded its full potential yet. Even with Brexit around the corner, Digitalisation will still maintain its course. Now is the right time to future proof your organisation! We will show you how to define & execute your agile approach to Cloud Procurement Digitalisation!
The Roundtable features insightful sessions from SAP Ariba & apsolut experts, customer reports from key-users and a world-class staffed panel discussing the actual challenges faced by CPO's in their organisation. Among the speakers will be Jim Abery (Partner at Ernst & Young), Tony Harris (Global Vice President & General Manager Supplier Management Solutions at SAP Ariba), Göktürk Simsekol (Senior Manager IT Projects at Flint Group), Karen Bascou (Project Manager at Hager Group), Martine Booth (Head of Business Development EMEA & MEE at SAP Ariba) & Jean-Paul Wehrens (Member of the Management Board at apsolut Group). Please find the agenda here!
The event includes a welcome breakfast and a networking three course lunch at The Dorchester. The participation is free of charge.
Do you have any interesting topics that you would like to discuss at the apsolut Roundtable? Please feel free to write us in the free-text field below!


Waited 20 years to get a Land Rover and last year bought a Disco 2 (Green ) with Range Rover tyres & wheels. The thing spends more time in the garage than I use it. Airbags . Drive shafts and now the gearbox has gone. Sometimes forget that I won it .. or is that wishful thinking ? My wife has an old Toyota Rav .. never gives any trouble . Plan , if I ever get this Disco back to keep it because of what I have spent on and someday get it raised to fit bigger tyres.. well what is life without dreams.
Not your typical 27year old lady - like to look good but love fishing and watching it on tv as well as having my feet dangling out of car engine bays.


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text:
The Fish Project
Aquarium species fisheries
Artisanal fisheries
Bluefin tuna fishery
The Bluefins
History of Fishery
The Fishery Today
Seabird Bycatch
Catch shares/Individual transferable quotas
Community fisheries management
Effects of fishing on food web structure
Effects of fishing on fish population structure and ecology
Forage fish fisheries
High seas fisheries
High Seas Definitions
What do fishermen go after?
Fishing techniques used on the High Seas
Measures to lessen the impacts of High Seas fishing
Illegal, unreported, unregulated (IUU) fishing
IUU Fishing of the Patagonian Toothfish
Live fin fish fisheries
Marine reserves as a fisheries management tool
Shark fisheries
Sustainable seafood certification
Yellow fin tuna fisheries
Deep Sea Fisheries
Dolphin safe
The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
Citations and contact info
Sustainable seafood has a broad meaning covering ecologically responsible fishing that minimizes by-catch, capture of non-target species, and yields acceptable levels of ecosystem and environmental impacts. Although exact definitions vary, it can be thought of as taking numbers of each species from the ocean at a rate low enough that over the long term the species numbers remain stable. In nature, the carrying capacity of a species is dictated by its number of young, frequency of reproduction, age when it becomes reproductive, size, lifespan, required space, and level of predation and disease. Since each species is different, the need for regular surveys is critical to ascertaining numbers.
Sustainable seafood certification is a means of communicating to a discerning consumer that a seafood product sold in stores and restaurants was harvested in a sustainable manner. The mark of a sustainably fished seafood is often labeled prominently on a products packaging as a means of advertisement. Sustainable labels work by exploiting a capitalistic economic system in which the consumer can choose not just between multiple seafood products but multiple suppliers as well. Sustainable seafood often has an added premium which is used to cover the cost to fisherman in harvesting seafood sustainably instead of haphazardly.
[8] (Stephen McGowan/ Australian Maritime College) Prawn trawl by-catch.
Sustainable seafood certification was created from consumer demand brought on by increased consumer awareness and dissatisfaction with inefficient fishing methods such as long-lining, otter trawling, gill netting, and purse seining. These fishing methods often catch vast quantities of animals with little bias towards species and may physically alter the environment. With the historically recent advent of larger and stronger boats, fish detection systems, synthetic netting materials, and more powerful engines fishing fleets have proven themselves capable of removing species faster than they can reproduce effectively fishing them to extinction.
One of the most noted examples is the collapse of the Atlantic cod fishery in the early 1990's with the loss of 1.5-2.5 billion reproductive individuals and some 40,000 fisherman losing their livelihood. Cod had been fished by Europeans in Canadian waters since at least the late 15th century when total harvests were less than 100,000 metric tons until the late 18th century where catches jumped as high as 300,000 metric tons. Between 1910 and 1940, harvests declined to less than 150,000 metric tons before the 1960's when European factory based trawlers increased catch dramatically to 810,000 metric tons in 1968. By 1977 the numbers of cod had declined more than 90% and not returned since.
This is not a problem limited to cod as data shows. According to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, over 80% of global fish stocks are either fully exploited or overfished and commercial fish stocks have been estimated to disappear by 2048 by the United Nations Environmental Program. Despite the threat to wild fisheries, seafood consumption is rising via a shift in diet and a growing human population. The USA now consumes about five times the amount of fish it did 100 years ago from 500,000 metric tons in 1910 to 2.2 million metric tons in 2004. On a global scale, per capita consumption of marine fishes has nearly doubled since the 1960s. Even greater still is the amount of fish harvested for non-human consumption or animal feed for land based livestock such as pigs and chickens which consume six and two times the amount of seafood as US and Japanese consumers respectively, and this isn't counting the rising aquaculture business.
In order to battle the inefficiencies of seafood harvest, growing numbers of concerned consumers have turned to sustainable fisheries in lieu of increased short term revenue for suppliers.
The first major consumer seafood sustainability campaign was the boycott of canned tuna during the late 1980's. The issue here was not just with the amount of by-catch but one type of by-catch in particular, dolphins. In 1990 the first eco-label was produced to differentiate tuna caught without the harm to dolphins called "dolphin safe". Seven years later the first certification created for sustainable fisheries was established in the form of the Marine Stewardship Council.
[12] (USDC)
Starting in the 1950s to today over 6 million dolphins have been killed for tuna. While there has never been a risk of finding dolphin in a can, it is the strange relationship of dolphins with a single species of tuna that has led to some 6 million avoidable deaths. In Eastern Tropical Pacific waters, fishermen wishing to catch yellowfin tuna discovered a unique method of locating their catch. While dolphins and yellowfin tuna are global species, yellowfin tuna have the strange behavior of aggregating under dolphins in Eastern Tropical Pacific waters exclusively. Using new fishing technology known as purse seining, fishermen encircle schools of dolphins with large nets which can extend for a mile and sink 300 feet below the surface. Speed boats and helicopters may be used to herd the dolphins into the net while tuna, which follow below, are trapped. Large winches attached to ships then pull the net in closing the net at the bottom by drawing in a lead line which constricts the net bottom much like a drawstring purse. During the capture and chase, dolphins may become separated, injured, or drown. The tuna caught with this method make up just 10% of the tuna caught worldwide leaving little economic justification for this killing.
[13] (BBC) Figure showing how a purse seine works.
In 1972 the Marine Mammal Protection Act was passed with a special focus on dolphins and through this law scientific studies were initiated, observers were placed on fishing boats, fishing gear inspected, and captains with high dolphin mortality rates reviewed. By the end of the 1970s, kill numbers declined from around 500,000 to 20,000 per year. While dolphins experienced less fishing pressure for a time, foreign fishing fleets increased size and efforts in the Eastern Tropical Pacific while US fishing fleets retreated. While the Marine Mammal Protection Act decreased kills from US efforts, it had no jurisdiction with foreign fishing efforts and dolphin mortality rates began to increase again. Increasingly displeased American consumers boycotted tuna in the 1980's and amid falling sales, tuna canning firms began purchasing tuna from "dolphin safe" fisherman. While US jurisdiction could not prevent the killing of dolphins by foreign tuna fisherman, it could impose an import ban on tuna from countries which killed more dolphins than the US. This is a tactic which proved effective noting that the US is the largest market for canned tuna of the yellowfin tuna fishery.
[14] (NOAA) Purse seine being set on tuna and dolphins. The net is not yet closed, and four speedboats are driving in tight circles near the opening to prevent the dolphins (and tuna) from escaping.
Due to political pressures, the number of annual reported dolphin kills dropped considerably. Starting in 1993 several fishing countries increased observer coverage, instituted skipper review panels, and started to meet a schedule of decreasing dolphin quotas to regain access to US markets and by 1999 the reported dolphin mortality rate was reduced to fewer than 3,000 per year. Since this time the leniency on the definition of "dolphin safe" tuna has increased so that "dolphin safe" is now defined as tuna caught in nets as long as no dolphins were observed to be killed or seriously injured. Today there are almost no US registered tuna boats fishing in the Eastern Tropical Pacific while 75% of the Eastern Tropical Pacific fishing fleet is under Mexican registry meaning many of these fishing boats are self-regulating making it difficult if not impossible for consumers to detect fraudulent claims. With the majority of tuna fishing in the Eastern Tropical Pacific by foreign fleets, serious cases have been placed against the US stating that the current embargo is protectionist, of what few US tuna boats remain, and unlawful. With increased foreign economic pressures the "dolphin safe" label inches closer to dissolving. Even still, 90% of the global tuna harvest is in fact "dolphin safe" considering the localized nature of this fishing method.
[15] (MSC) MSC logo.
Today the MSC label is the best established and most widely discussed fisheries certification with around 10% of the annual global harvest of wild capture fisheries being either MSC certified or in the full assessment process as of 2011. As of November 2011, 134 fisheries are certified and 135 are in the full assessment process. But what is the Marine Stewardship Council?
The MSC was founded in 1997 by the World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF) and Unilever becoming a non-governmental organization and non-profit shortly thereafter. The primary function of the MSC is to set and maintain two standards, one for sustainable fishing and one for seafood traceability. For impartiality, third-party certifying bodies assess companies to the standards and grant actual certification.
Under the first standard for sustainable fishing, fishing activity must be at a level in which any certified fishery can continue indefinitely without over exploiting its resources. Management must be done to maintain the structure, productivity, function, and diversity of the ecosystem on which the fishery depends. Finally, the fishery must have an adaptive management system in place which works within local, national, and international laws.
The second standard for seafood traceability is for companies in the seafood supply chain. To get Chain of Custody certification, businesses must be audited to show they have effective traceability, storage and record-keeping systems which prove that only seafood from a certified fishery carries the MSC ecolabel. For example, companies have to show that they keep certified fish separate from non-certified fish, and that they can trace every delivery of certified fish to a Chain of Custody certified supplier.
Every company with a valid Chain of Custody certificate is given a unique certificate code that must be displayed on consumer-ready certified seafood products to show buyers and consumers that they are buying from an approved supplier. The MSC ecolabel can only be used on seafood from an MSC certified fishery by businesses that have a valid MSC Chain of Custody certificate.
To gain fishery or Chain of Custody certification a company must contact a third-party MSC accredited certifier for assessment. If compliant with the standards set forth by the MSC, a fishery is certified for a period of five years and subject to annual reviews of performance. At the end of five years the fishery must undergo a full assessment to maintain certification. A company with Chain of Custody certification is certified for a lesser period of three years with annual reviews. All of this work is done to guarantee that the fish that ultimately ends up on your plate indeed came from a sustainable source.
One benefit of the program can be increased sales and revenue generated by consumers choosing to buy MSC certified seafood and this creates incentives for businesses to join the program. The first MSC certified restaurant in the United States is in Portland, Oregon (Bamboo Sushi) and even corporate giant Walmart has taken notice. Walmart promised in 2006 that by 2011 it would sell only MSC certified fish. Although Walmart did not make this deadline it has made a considerable change since then. As of now the deadline to be certified or to develop work plans to achieve certification has been pushed back to June 2012 and Walmart now promises that all fresh and frozen, farmed, and wild seafood products sold at Walmart and Sam's Club is to become certified as sustainable by a third party using Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) or equivalent standards. As of January 28th 2011, the company claims that 73% of stocked fish carried is MSC certified or ACC farmed certified though this claim has yet to be verified.
[16] (NOAA) Chilean sea bass, AKA Patagonian toothfish.
While the MSC works to provide criteria for the certification of sustainable fisheries, the process has not gone without controversy. In a 2011 study of MSC labeled Chilean Sea Bass, a sample of 13 fish was genetically tested to find if the MSC labeled fish originated from a sustainable stock. From this 13 fish sample, 46% were found to be falsely labeled. The MSC is looking seriously into this claim which may prove to be the first MSC fishery to have its certification revoked. As of September 23, 2011 the investigation has been stalled due to lack of evidence including place of sampling, date/time of sampling, MSC Chain of Custody certificate number, and product form.
Bigger still is the controversy as to whether Chilean sea bass fished from the Ross Sea can
even be considered sustainable. There is simply not enough scientific data about this stock to make an informed decision regarding sustainability. David Ainley, a researcher in the Ross Sea with the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, is staunchly against Moody Marine's, third party certifier, decision on allowing certification to pass. "It is astonishing that anyone could determine that the Area 88 toothfish
fishery is sustainable when no one even knows what the natural mortality is or how often or where toothfish spawn". Regarding the complaints, the MSC appointed a lawyer with experience in fisheries management, Michael Lodge, to assess Moody Marine's procedures taken. Six scores that Moody Marine awarded to the fishery were found to be unjustified but the company refused to change its scores.
Amid the controversy, MSC certification appears to be making progress with environmental fishery impacts. In the first study of MSC fishery performance assessed by MRAG Ltd, Poseidon Ltd and Meridian Prime Ltd, MSC certified fisheries have shown positive environmental change since 2009. In this report, MSC fisheries after five years certification have yielded higher scores in management of stocks, reduced capture of bycatch, shorter fishing effort, expansion of environmentally protected areas, and increased knowledge about ecosystem impacts among involved fishers.
[17] (Hartmut Inerle) Lobster trap.
Another issue surrounding certifications is the cost to fishermen. Fisheries pay independent third-party certifiers a fee to cover the costs of a thorough assessment which can vary between $15,000 to $120,000, or perhaps more for complex assessments with multiple units of certification. Smaller fisheries may not be able to afford this startup cost which puts them in a negative light with consumers who choose alternate products based on the smaller fisheries lack of eco-label regardless if they are in fact sustainable. A good example of this is the Maine lobster fishery which is inherently sustainable because lobster pots have very little by-catch, do not alter the ocean bottom unless caught on something during retrieval, and is terribly inefficient in catching lobster leaving many to reproduce. Those not familiar with the lobster fishery may simply not purchase lobster thinking that without MSC certification it must not be a sustainable option. On the other hand there is little incentive for lobster fishermen to buy into the certification because the guaranteed price premium is just not there.
Another issue still is the flood of information available to consumers, much of which appears to contradict each other. In an effort to inform consumers of sustainable options, several non-profit conservation groups have made seafood guides which ignore the global nature of fish. Many seafood guides have a regional focus mainly on fish caught by national fisheries which is inappropriate given that the US imports 80% of its seafood. The guides have also been criticized for being indiscriminate towards responsible or irresponsible fishing operators that make up those fisheries.
While consumers appear to be choosing sustainably labeled sea food, the results remain weak for sustainable seafood guides. After distributing 1 million seafood wallet cards, the Monterey Bay Aquarium conducted a study that showed that fishing pressures had not decreased for target species. Similarly the top three consumed seafood items in the USA; shrimp, tuna, and salmon, remain the least sustainable amid the use of eco-labels.
As of now, small scale fisheries are probably our best hope for sustainable fisheries as they tend to use more passive gear such as simple hook and line fishing which produces little by-catch. This is also an economically sound option as it employs 25 times more people and uses 25% of the fuel to catch the same amount of fish as large scale industrial fishing fleets. The problem with this is that the larger fleets while more inefficient are heavily subsidized.
While seafood guides are losing favor, targeting large retailers has proven effective. For example, In May of 2008, 14 American and Canadian organizations formed the Conservation Alliance for Seafood Solutions and released their Common Vision for Environmentally Stable Seafood. In the US, the 10 largest companies make up 50% of the US seafood market and have immense buying power compared to local fishmongers. Making sustainable choices is easier when unsustainable choices do not even make it to the consumer level. Furthermore, large retailers appear concerned about wild fish stocks on the grounds that sustainability is good for business. In this tricky world of consumer seafood fraud, sustainable seafood certifications such as the MSC remain one of the best methods of ensuring sustainable seafood beside catching it yourself.
It is important to remember that as a consumer we all have a voice in how and what makes it to the market. If people refuse to purchase a product based on how it was acquired then suppliers will have no choice but to alter its methods or lose a valuable source of revenue. Choose products that reflect your ideals. Do not support subsidized fishing practices. Buy based on sustainability labels but encourage testing to validate sustainability claims. Make your goals known to large seafood corporations and reward their promises with business. Demand that seafood increase its labeling of products to include the scientific name, method of catch (i.e. hook and line, otter trawl, etc), and area of capture. Lastly, become familiar with fishery methods and other aspects of sustainability.
Citations (content)
Golan, Elise; Kuchler, Fred; Mitchell, Lorraine. 2001. Economics of food labeling. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Economic Report No. (AER793), pp.1-49.
Goyert, Wendy; Sagarin, Raphael; Annala, John. 2010. The promise and pitfalls of Marine Stewardship Council certification: Maine lobster as a case study. Marine Policy. Vol. 34, pp.1103-1109.
Hutchings, Jeffrey; Rangeley, Robert. 2011. Correlates of recovery for Canadian Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Zoology. Vol. 89, pp.386-400.
Jacquet, Jennifer et al. 2010. Conserving wild fish in a sea of market-based efforts. Oryx, The International Journal of Conservation. Vol. 44, pp.45-56.
Jeaneau, Hubert; Hudson, Julie; Morgan-Knott, Shirley. 2011. Q-Series®: Sustainable Seafood. UBS Investment Research. pp.1-55.
Marine Stewardship Council. Website: www.msc.org.
Marko, Peter; Nance, Holly; Guynn, Kimberly. 2011. Genetic detection of mislabeled fish from a sustainable fishery. Current Biology. Vol. 21, pp.R621-R622.
McClearn, Matthew. 2010. Something's fishy. Canadian Business. Vol. 83, pp.71-74.
Parsons, Sarah. March 29, 2011. Progress! Walmart updates its sustainable seafood policy. Change.org. Website: http://news.change.org/stories/progress-walmart-updates-its-sustainable-seafood-policy.
Southwest Fisheries Science Center. 2008. The tuna-dolphin issue. NOAA. Website: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/textblock.aspx?Division=PRD&ParentMenuId=228&id=1408.
Stokstad, Erik. 2010. Behind the eco-label, a debate over Atlantic toothfish. Science. Vol. 329, pp. 1596-1597. Website: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/329/5999/1596.full.
Walmart 2011 global responsibility report. Walmart. Website: http://walmartstores.com/sites/ResponsibilityReport/2011/Goal3_sell_products.aspx.
(Updated) Walmart global responsibility report. Walmart. Website: http://walmartstores.com/download/4737.pdf.
Wikepedia articles under (Dolphin safe label) and (Sustainable seafood).
Citations (pictures in order of appearance)
[1]Msc certified mackeral: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6277057.stm (BBC)
[2]Msc cod fillets: http://www.flickr.com/photos/walmartcorporate/5551313218/sizes/l/in/set-72157626328389040/ (Walmart Stores)
[3]Msc crab legs: http://www.flickr.com/photos/walmartcorporate/5550731819/sizes/l/in/set-72157626328389040/ (Walmart Stores)
[4]Msc pollock fillets: http://www.flickr.com/photos/walmartcorporate/5551313290/sizes/l/in/set-72157626328389040/ (Walmart Stores)
[5]Msc salmon fillets: http://www.flickr.com/photos/walmartcorporate/5550731741/sizes/l/in/set-72157626328389040/ (Walmart Stores)
[6]Msc shrimp: http://www.flickr.com/photos/walmartcorporate/5550731657/sizes/l/in/set-72157626328389040/ (Walmart Stores)
[7]Msc whiting fillets: http://www.flickr.com/photos/walmartcorporate/5551313192/sizes/l/in/set-72157626328389040/ (Walmart Stores)
[8]Prawn trawl by-catch: http://www.marinephotobank.com/secure/gallery-photo-search.php?search_for=bycatch (Stephen McGowan/ Australian Maritime College)
[9]Feed conversion ratios: (UBS Investment Research, Q-Series®: Sustainable Seafood)
[10]Per capita seafood consumption: (UBS Investment Research, Q-Series®: Sustainable Seafood)
[11]World capture fisheries production: (UBS Investment Research, Q-Series®: Sustainable Seafood)
[12]Dolphin safe US department of commerce: http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2007/s2826.htm (NOAA)
[13]How purse seine works: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/8090277.stm (BBC)
[14]Purse seine and speedboats: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/textblock.aspx?Division=PRD&ParentMenuId=228&id=1408 (NOAA)
[15]MSC logo: www.msc.org (MSC)
[16]Patagonian toothfish: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/rss/podcasts/weirdfins/antifreeze_fish.htm (NOAA)
[17]Lobster trap: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_trap.jpg Wikimedia commons (Hartmut Inerle)
[18]Top three consumed species: (UBS Investment Research, Q-Series®: Sustainable Seafood)
[19]US top ten consumed species: (UBS Investment Research, Q-Series®: Sustainable Seafood)
Mark Ward (kawasakibase@gmail.com) or (markw@uoregon.edu)


text:
Susan Simone : docu-Art Photography
Projects - - - Biography - - -Contact
(PurpleValley.net home)
(click on thumbnail for larger detail)
One summer day shortly after I moved to North Carolina in 1992, I was driving with some friends from Rocky Mount to Raleigh on the two-lane road that cuts through the wide, flat fields typical of the eastern part of the state. Even though it was 7 o'clock on a Saturday night, the sun was still hot and the humidity was high. We stopped for a soda at a small crossroads store. It looked pretty much like the middle of nowhere to me.
Just as we started to walk out to head for our car, two white Chevy suburban vans drove up and about 15 or 20 Mexican field workers climbed out. They were thick with dust and sweat. Each man had on a worn baseball cap, a soiled T-shirt and a pair of old boots covered in dirt. Each also carried a paycheck in his hand. Inside, they formed a line, cashed the checks, bought sandwiches, chips and beer and filed back out to the waiting vans. This was my introduction to the local Hispanic community. It was a male society, temporary, and confined to the fields, housed in windowless metal bunk-houses, isolated, without transportation, without language, and often without rights.
In seven short years that image has undergone a radical change. While there is no shortage of hard, sun-beaten fieldwork in tobacco, sweet potatoes, and cucumbers, the face of "el pueblo Hispano" has been transformed. Now, everyday, without leaving my routine path, I encounter Hispanic workers, families, children, and teenagers in all sorts of jobs.
Sending money "home" is still a big part of every budget, but now the workers include not only men of all ages, but young girls, middle-aged women, and families "settled out" into the society at large. "Tiendas" and "taquerias" are easy to find. Salsa shows fill clubs like the Ritz in Raleigh and Miss Latina for the Atlantic region was crowned at the Carolina Theater in Durham on July 11 1999. There are soccer games, Spanish language church services, fiestas, Spanish-speaking legal services, Spanish-speaking car salesman, Spanish language radio stations, and at least two Spanish language newspapers (La Voz, La Conexion).
Fotos Del Pueblo is my personal encounter with the faces of this newest element of the South. I have created digital composite images in black and white and color from film shot using a 35 mm Nikon camera. I took these pictures over a period of one year, working with the support of an NC Arts Council Fellowship. The work is a portrait, not an investigative project. Each composite carries the spirit and energy of a place or activity that is characteristic of life in the Hispanic community in the area where I live (Orange County).
I hope that visitors to the exhibit will share this feeling and leave with an infusion of excitement about the newest face of the new south. At the same time, I would also like visitors to recognize that there are real problems behind these portraits. The minute you raise a camera to an Hispanic face, you come head to head with the focal problem of Hispanic life. Life in the Hispanic community is still dominated by the strings that tie them to home countries –economic ties.


Start class today with a quick reflection of your approach to the POP research paper thus far. We have talked extensively of the importance of strong learning habits in research during this unit. Use this form to capture how this has gone.
Revision and editing are two different parts of the writing process. While some editing with inevitably occur during revision, it should not be the focus of this stage. Today you will start by reading your paper aloud, to yourself, to hear the places that need work. Next, you will trade papers with a writing partner and repeat the process with her paper.
The craft moves you make in other genres of writing can apply here.
Figurative language to help bring a detail or example to life.
Pacing to reveal details deliberately.
Foreshadowing – you can hint at what will occur in a later section of your paper.
Shift your tone to add seriousness or levity.
Build upon your evidence to reveal your purpose.
Type the first section of your paper with color coding.


text:
package com.citrus.theme;

import android.content.Intent;

import com.daimajia.androidanimations.library.Techniques;
import com.viksaa.sssplash.lib.activity.AwesomeSplash;
import com.viksaa.sssplash.lib.cnst.Flags;
import com.viksaa.sssplash.lib.model.ConfigSplash;

//extends AwesomeSplash!
public class SplashScreenActivity extends AwesomeSplash {

    @Override
    public void initSplash(ConfigSplash configSplash) {

        // Animation
        configSplash.setBackgroundColor(R.color.splash_screen_background); //any color you want form colors.xml
        configSplash.setAnimCircularRevealDuration(1000); //int ms
        configSplash.setRevealFlagX(Flags.REVEAL_RIGHT);  //or Flags.REVEAL_LEFT
        configSplash.setRevealFlagY(Flags.REVEAL_BOTTOM); //or Flags.REVEAL_TOP

        // Logo
        configSplash.setLogoSplash(R.drawable.splash_screen_logo); //or any other drawable
        configSplash.setAnimLogoSplashDuration(1000); //int ms
        configSplash.setAnimLogoSplashTechnique(Techniques.Bounce); //choose one form Techniques (ref: https://github.com/daimajia/AndroidViewAnimations)

        // Title
        configSplash.setTitleSplash(getString(R.string.splash_screen_app_title));
        configSplash.setTitleTextColor(R.color.splash_screen_app_title_color);
        configSplash.setTitleTextSize(30f); //float value
        configSplash.setAnimTitleDuration(1000);
        configSplash.setAnimTitleTechnique(Techniques.FadeInUp);
    }

    @Override
    public void animationsFinished() {
        startActivity(new Intent(SplashScreenActivity.this, MainActivity.class));
        finishAfterTransition();
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        super.onBackPressed();
        startActivity(new Intent(SplashScreenActivity.this, MainActivity.class));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Main Index : History : Sketches of Church History : Part 2, Chapter XXV
Chapter XXIV | Chapter Index | Chapter XXVI
CHAPTER XXV: THE HUSSITES (AD 1418-1431)
The news of Huss's death naturally raised a general feeling of anger in Bohemia, where his followers treated his memory as that of a saint, and kept a festival in his honour. And when the emperor Sigismund, in 1419, succeeded his brother Wenceslaus in the kingdom of Bohemia, he found that he was hated by his new subjects on account of his share in the death of Huss.
But, although most of the Bohemians might now be called Hussites, there were great divisions among the Hussites themselves. Some had lately begun to insist that in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper both the bread and the wine should be given to all the people, according to our Lord's own example, instead of allowing no one but the priest to receive the wine, according to the Roman practice. These people who insisted on the sacramental cup were called Calixtines, from the Latin calix, which means a cup or chalice. But among those who agreed in this opinion there were serious differences as to some other points.
In the summer of 1419, the first public communion was celebrated at a place where the town of Tabor was afterwards built. It was a very different kind of ceremony from what had been usual. There were three hundred altars, but they were without any covering; the chalices were of wood, the clergy wore only their every-day dress; and a love-feast followed, at which the rich shared with their poorer brethren. The wilder party among the Hussites were called Taborites, from Tabor, which became the chief abode of this party. They now took to putting their opinions into practice. They declared churches and their ornaments, pictures, images, organs, and the like, to be abominable; and they went about in bands, destroying everything that they thought superstitious. And thus Bohemia, which had been famous for the size and beauty of its churches, was so desolated that hardly a church was left in it; and those which are now standing have almost all been built since the time when the Hussites destroyed the older churches.
The chief leader of the Taborites was John Ziska, whose name is said by some to mean one-eyed; and at least he had lost an eye in early life. Ziska had such a talent for war that, although his men were only rough peasants, armed with nothing better than clubs, flails, and such like tools, which they had bees accustomed to use in husbandry, he trained them to encounter regular armies, and always came off with victory. He taught his soldiers to make their flails very dangerous weapons by tipping them with iron; and to place their waggons together in such a way that each block of waggons made a sort of little fortress, against which the force of the enemy dashed in vain. But Ziska's bravery and skill were disgraced by his savage fierceness. He never spared an enemy; he took delight in putting clergy and monks to the sword, or in burning them in pitch, and in burning and pulling down churches and monasteries. In the course of the war he lost his remaining eye; but he still continued to act as general with the same skill and success as before. His cruelty became greater continually, and the last year of his life was the bloodiest.
Ziska died in October, 1424. It is said that he directed that his skin should be taken off his body, and made into the covering of a drum, at the sound of which he expected all enemies to flee in terror, but the story is probably not true. At his death, a part of his old companions called themselves "orphans", as if they had lost their father, and could never find another. But other generals arose to carry on the same kind of war, while their wild followers were wrought up to a sort of fury which nothing could withstand.
On the side of the Church a holy war was planned, and vast armies, made up from all nations of Europe, were gathered for the invasion of Bohemia. One of these crusades was led by Cardinal Beaufort, bishop of Winchester, and great-uncle of King Henry VI of England; another, by a famous Italian cardinal, Julian Cesarini. But the courage and fury of the Bohemians, with their savage appearance and their strange manner of fighting, drove back all assaults, with immense loss, in one campaign after another, until Cesarini, the leader in the last crusade, was convinced that there was no hope of putting the Bohemians down by force, and that some other means must be tried.


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The Grey's Anatomy and Station 19 Crossover Trailer Will Leave You Shook
Grey's Anatomy returns with a big Station 19 crossover in January 2020
By Chris Harnick 22 Nov, 2019 3:09 PMTags
TVGrey's AnatomyABCEntertainment
Would it be a Grey's Anatomy fall finale without a cliffhanger? Of course not. And when the long-running ABC medical drama returns in 2020 it's bringing along spinoff Station 19 for a big, life-threatening crossover.
In the Thursday, Nov. 21 episode, the interns were all hanging at Joe's Bar, as were some Station 19 characters, when a car came barreling through the bar's wall. See the aftermath in the photos below.
"No one is dying," Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams), who was in the bar, promises an injured party in the clip below.
"Get my husband out of there!" Bailey (Chandra Wilson) screams about Ben Warren (Jason George), who was also in the bar.
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Station 19 will take over the Thursdays at 8 p.m. slot from Grey's, pushing the medical drama back to Thursdays at 9 p.m. where it spent years dominating the competition. Both shows will be overseen by executive producer Krista Vernoff, and viewers can expect some seamless storytelling—but not crossovers every week. Expect some connection every few episodes, Vernoff told Deadline.
Watch: "Grey's Anatomy" Stars Gush Over LGBT Roles
"We don't want to do it every week, we don't want to create a mold, we don't want to fall into any kind of pattern, we don't want people to ever know what to expect. We have found many different, really quite exciting and fun ways to interact between the two shows," she said.
And with Grey's Anatomy moving back an hour, things can get a little McSteamy—sorry, just steamy.
"There are different rules for a 9 p.m. show than there are for an 8 PM show, and we hope to take advantage of those rules," Vernoff teased. "Grey's was definitely allowed to be a sexier show when it was on at 9 o'clock. So we are excited by the change back to our original (Thursday) time slot."
Grey's Anatomy and Station 19 return Thursday, Jan. 23 on ABC.
The Bachelor's Sarah Trott Speaks Out After Dramatic Exit


Newborn photography is my real passion. I have been photographing East Yorkshire's newest residents since 1997 and I love it! I marvel over the miracle that is new life at every newborn photo shoot that I do.
The newborn stage passes so quickly. It is often gone before you know it – in a matter of just a few short weeks. You will never have the chance to capture this period of your baby's life again.
Newborn photography is my speciality and I have trained with several highly acclaimed newborn photographers. I am proud to be a member of BANPAS (the Baby and Newborn Photography Association).
A newborn photo shoot can take two to three hours which allows plenty of time for feeding and soothing. Newborn photography cannot be rushed.
I recommend booking in advance. The best time for a newborn photography shoot is within the first three weeks of baby being born. This is when we can get those sleepy squishy photographs.
When you book your session I will let you know how to prepare and what to expect so that you can make the most of this experience. Then you just need to keep me informed so that I can re-schedule you if necessary.


My first recipe for Vegan MoFo 2011 was for Idlis. I thought it would be apt to end the month with a recipe for Sambar which is commonly served with Idlis.
There are a few different authentic South Indian recipes for homemade Sambar and I enjoy the taste of most of them. The one I'm about to share with you is a quick and simple one.
Wash and dice the vegetables. Wash the toor dal thoroughly. Bring 3-4 C of water with the turmeric to boil in a pressure cooker. Add the toor dal, vegetables and a small pinch of salt and pressure cook for 5-10 minutes (depending on your pressure cooker). Let it cool completely before opening the lid.
Meanwhile heat 1-2 tsp of the coconut oil in a deep pan. Add mustard seeds and let them crackle for a few seconds. Add the remaining seasoning ingredients. Add the onions/shallots and stir fry until they are tender. Add the sambar powder, tamarind paste, jaggery and salt and mix well. Add the tomatoes and turn off the heat. Cover and keep aside.
Once the vegetables and dal have cooled, add the tomato mixture and bring everything to a boil. Reduce the flame and simmer for a few minutes to allow the flavors to blend. Taste and adjust.
Serve hot ladled over Idlis or cooked rice.
Could you please post the recipe for homemade sambar powder? I also read your recipe for cashew yogurt. Could you post the recipe for making soy milk. I think you mentioned in one of your comments that you make soy milk at home. Newly turned vegans, my partner and I are very excited about your blog! Can't wait to try the recipes!
Just replace the peanuts with dry soybeans while soaking and you're set. There's only one difference, after soaking the soy beans, remove the skin of the beans to considerably reduce the beany smell.
Thank you. I will try it. On a different note, my partner's a she.
Ooops I apologise for assuming "partner" = "hubby", Mrinalini. I usually don't do that when I'm talking to someone in person but for some reason I didn't read properly this time.
No problem! Hey, can you share the recipe for sambar masala powder?


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Bunnanadden, Bunnanaddan or Bunninadden () is a small village in south County Sligo, Ireland. It is on the R296 road, 9 km from Tubbercurry and 8 km from Ballymote.

The village contains the parish church (The Sacred Heart of Mary), two pubs, a national school and sports hall. It formerly had two shops and a post office, the last of which closed in early 2011.

The village is in the parish of Bunnanadden with a second church in Killavil.

The local football club is Bunninadden GAA, founded in 1886, which also includes the parishes of Doocastle and Killavil.

Landmarks

 Sonny McDonagh Memorial, an Irish Flute player in the South Sligo style, 1926–1991.

Notable people
John Scanlon, Wisconsin farmer/legislator

References

Electrification of Bunninadden, 1955

Towns and villages in County Sligo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


◪ This unicorn children backpack made of neoprene material, with a noble and clever image.
◪ The sharp horn filled with ecological cotton, soft and eco-friendly.
◪ There are pink and blue colors available in stock.
Suitable for 4-9 years old ,height 120-140cm boys and girls.Can be used as outdoor bag ,travelling backpack,or school bag etc. There is same style change purse or sling bag can be customized.Hot sell in various of high-end shopping malls, stationery stores, gift shops, baby products stores, aquariums and playgrounds etc.


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Q: Displaying multiple images onload from servlet I need to display the multiple images onload which are stored in the server , the database contains the filepath and filename .the servlet would query the sql server to get the filenames.
i need to do that on home.jsp .
when i use the below code browser shows onLoadDisplayImages as url  , i want to use it using ajax  and should stay in home.jsp . please help.
<script language="javascript">
function OnStartup(){
    var url = "onLoadDisplayImages";
    document.location.href='onLoadDisplayImages';
}
window.onload = OnStartup;
</script>

onLoadDisplayImages is servlet which just returns the filename .
below is the code
String imageUrl = "images/siguptop.JPG";
response.setContentType("text/plain");
response.getWriter().write(imageUrl);

A: Use Ajax to load your images. http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.get/


A durable superior pent shed ideal for use as a workshop or simply for storage. This superior pent has been manufactured from tongue and grooved 12mm shiplap red wood pine cladding and quality mineral roofing felt. There are many excellent features included in these sheds, however there are also many options and layouts available to adapt the shed to your needs. This shed benefits from having 10 different window and door positions available to suit every customers needs. Full layout options can be found at the bottom of this page.
Standard roof framing of 3" x 2"


text:
New report on CIA: Rendition and torture on a global scale
By Jeff Lincoln
A report released in early February by the Open Society Justice Initiative titled "Globalizing Torture: CIA Secret Detention and Extraordinary Rendition" establishes that the Central Intelligence Agency, acting under the direction of the highest levels of the US government, has utilized a global network of secret prisons, foreign intelligence agents, and interrogation and torture centers to send detainees to without any legal protections.
This arrangement is worldwide and includes the involvement of at least 54 different countries touching almost every continent.
There is enormous diversity among the countries involved. They include Middle Eastern countries such as Egypt, Pakistan, Syria and Jordan, which carried out the torture on suspects that the CIA rendered to them. Poland, Lithuania, Romania and Thailand hosted secret prisons operated by the CIA where detainees could be held clandestinely and have interrogations or torture conducted directly by American intelligence operatives.
European nations such as Macedonia, Georgia, and Sweden detained and delivered suspects to the CIA to be tortured. Larger countries such as Britain or Germany conducted some of the interrogations themselves while smaller countries such as Iceland, Denmark, Belgium, or Greece provided intelligence, logistical support, use of airspace, etc.
On the whole, the report stands as an indictment against all of Washington's allies and client states in its self-proclaimed "war on terror."
The Australian government stands implicated in the rendition of Mamdouh Habib, an Australian national, to Egypt where he was tortured and then later transferred to Guantanamo Bay where he was detained until he was released without charge in 2005.
Egypt stands as the country that has interrogated, tortured and abused the most people subject to extraordinary rendition. The relationship between the US and Egypt dates back to the Clinton administration that used the country almost exclusively for its rendition program, which was dramatically ramped up after September 11, 2001.
Italy's secret services played a role in the abduction of Abu Omar, an Egyptian cleric who was previously given asylum in Italy but was abducted in Milan in 2003; he was then placed on a flight to Egypt. Italian authorities authorized some 46 stopovers by CIA operated aircraft at Italian airports.
The United Kingdom, the country that enjoys the closest relationship with US imperialism, has extensive involvement with America's rendition program. In addition to providing airspace, MI6 and other British intelligence worked hand in glove with the CIA to abduct and interrogate suspects. Omar Deghayes, a Libyan national but a British resident was arrested in 2002 and transported by US and British intelligence agents to Bagram, where he was subjected to abuse. After interrogation by MI5 agents, he was sent to Guantanamo where he underwent further physical abuse, suffering a broken finger, a broken nose, and damage to his right eye.
In 2004, the British government arranged to have a former member of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, Sami al-Saadi, rendered into Libyan custody by approaching him in China and convincing him to fly to the British embassy in Hong Kong where he would be allowed to return to the UK. Instead, his whole family was taken into custody in Hong Kong and flown over to Libya where Mr. al-Saadi remained for six years and was subjected to torture by physical beatings and electric shocks.
While the report sheds some light on what countries are involved, the numbers of individuals subjected to rendition remains unknown. By 2005, it is estimated that about 150 persons were rendered to foreign countries according to admissions made by then-president George W. Bush. The real number is likely much higher, as Egypt alone has had to acknowledge that it received sixty to seventy terror suspects since September 11, 2001. Human Rights Watch has attempted to compile a list of persons who have been held in CIA prisons, and they have identified almost forty people who have either gone missing or whose whereabouts are unknown.
There are dozens more countries detailed in the report than just the ones mentioned above. Still, the report is extremely limited in scope in that it does not document transfers or detentions by any agency other than the CIA. It does not include the detention practices of the Defense Department, for example, and its notorious facilities in Guantanamo Bay or Afghanistan. Moreover, what is known is only based on the experiences of 139 individuals who have been released from custody. Nevertheless, it is now clear that the US government has been running a detention and "enhanced interrogation" operation with tentacles that span the globe.
It appears likely that the United States intentionally sought out the widespread involvement of so many countries to ensure that those who might later nominally reject these practices would themselves be so implicated that they would be unwilling to publicly expose the details of Washington's dirty deeds.
Indeed, none of the countries mentioned in the report, save one, has even admitted any culpability for their participation in gross human rights violations. The lone exception is Canada, which assisted in the rendition of Canadian citizen Maher Arar in 2002 to Syria where he was tortured. A hastily conducted commission placed blame on the Royal Mounted Police but absolved those higher up in government of any responsibility. Other nations, such as Britain, Sweden and Australia have quietly settled lawsuits alleging their participation but have made no admission of liability.
As a matter of fact, far from acknowledging their complicity in abduction, rendition, and torture, many of the countries in the report were publicly denouncing these practices by the US government at the same time they were secretly abetting them.
A number of liberal and human rights organizations have reacted to the revelations in the Open Society Justice Initiative report by calling for and supporting the efforts of international tribunals to hear cases brought against officials of some of the countries complicit in assisting in the rendition of persons by the US Government.
While there are some actions pending in the European Court of Human Rights and other high courts against some of the countries named in the report for their role in assisting in rendition, the cases will have no impact on the operations of the CIA.
Setting aside the obvious fact that cases can only be brought by individuals whom the CIA has already decided to release, the outcome of these actions hinge on the narrow issue of the extent to which the participating countries knew or should have known torture was likely to occur. This glosses over the more fundamental issue that, unlike extradition, extraordinary rendition is, by definition, a transfer without legal process. In fact, the whole CIA program is designed to place detainee interrogations completely beyond the reach of law. Moreover, the US government has refused to recognize the jurisdiction of international courts of human rights.
President Barack Obama for his part, despite making claims of reversing the Bush-era CIA policies, has further escalated the crimes committed by his predecessor.
In January 2009, Obama issued a series of executive orders that purported to close down then existing CIA detention facilities and also created a task force to examine rendition practices and make recommendations to ensure humane treatment. These orders were nothing more than a sham to conceal the fact that, rather than restricting the ability of the CIA to conduct extraordinary renditions, the orders were purposely crafted to preserve it.
While Obama has ordered the CIA to shut down certain detention facilities, the directive specifically exempts facilities designed to hold people on a temporary or transitory basis. In other words, the executive order essentially codifies the CIA's authority to detain suspects and then to render them to other countries to face interrogation, trial, or worse. Furthermore, if the CIA wanted the detainees to remain in the custody of the United States, they could be sent to a facility operated by the Department of Defense or kept offshore on a Navy vessel.
The task force created by Obama's order functions merely as a fig leaf for the continuation of Bush-era policies. The report, which was completed in 2009, has not been made public and is not binding on any agency. However, as an example of its toothlessness, a Justice Department press release disclosed that one of the recommended safeguards was relying on assurances from the receiving country that the detainees would be treated humanely.
The Justice Department under Obama appointee Eric Holder has closed inquiries into the treatment of over 100 detainees who were in CIA custody overseas, including several who died while in custody, stating that no criminal charges would be pursued.
CIA Torture
America's torturers and their co-conspirators must be prosecuted
Pentagon fires Guantanamo prison commander for calling attention to US crimes
Rohini Hensman's Indefensible: The ISO discovers its muse—the CIA—Part 3
CIA director briefs Trump on Khashoggi torture tape
As millions march in Tehran, US steps up military build-up against Iran
The US propaganda machine justifies the assassination of Qassem Suleimani
US assassination of Suleimani staggers Turkish government
International Criminal Court to investigate Israeli war crimes
Edward Gallagher, Donald Trump and America's criminal wars


text:
Frank Lloyd Wright Davidson Little Farms Unit Project (Model) 1932–1933
Painted wood and particle board
7 3/4 × 70 × 54 3/4" (19.7 × 177.8 × 139.1 cm)
The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Archives (The Museum of Modern Art | Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University, New York)
© 2021 Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
Frank Lloyd Wright has 116 works online.
There are 385 architectural models online.


Admissions are based on the marks obtained at the previous qualifying examination and as per the rules and regulations stipulated by the University of Pune and Govt. of Maharashtra. The prospectus with details of courses offered, eligibility criteria for admission and information about various departments, hostels, scholarships, and rules and regulations of the college is issued along with the application form.
Candidates seeking admission to any courses offered by this college should directly apply to the college, through the prescribed application form which can be obtained from the college store or can be downloaded from our website before the prescribed time period. Application form duly filled and accompanied by the required documentary evidences should be submitted to the College, before due date. The college authorities scrutinize the applications and prepare a merit list based on the marks obtained by the student.
The candidate who has passed the HSC examination in the respective Faculty can apply.
⚬ All application should accompany the following attested copies of certificates.
⚬ Admission to UG course is granted on the basis of the information furnished by the candidate in the application form.If the same is found to be wrong / inadequate / false,his or her admission will be liable to be cancelled.
⚬ All admissions are subject to grant of eligibility certificate of University.
⚬ Student coming from other Universities should submit migration certificate to the university.


was born 2 November 1993 and registered to vote 27 October 2015, giving the address 402 NW SHERIDAN RD, Building APT 2005 in LAWTON, Oklahoma, U.S.A. 73505. BROWN registered as a Democrat. BROWN voted in person on 8 November 2016.


The Ivorian Civil War is a civil war in Côte d'Ivoire that began on September 19, 2002. Although most of the fighting ended by late 2004, the country remains split in two, with a rebel-held north and a government-held south. The presidential elections that should have been organized in 2005 were postponed until October 2010. The preliminary results announced by the Electoral Commission showed a loss for Gbagbo in favour of his rival, former prime minister Alassane Ouattara. The ruling FPI contested the results before the Constitutional Council, charging massive fraud in the northern departments controlled by the rebels of the Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire (FNCI). These charges were contradicted by international observers. Fighting resumed on the 24 February 2011 over the impass on the election results, with the New Force rebels capturing Zouan-Hounien, and clashes in Abobo, Yamoussoukro and around Anyama.