Julie Daines: Is Chuck Norris for Real?
I didn't used to think karate was cool. But now that I have a son who is a second degree black belt, I've changed my mind. Karate has been amazing for him.
This leads to my real question for today: What is up with Chuck Norris?
Why is he suddenly so popular and cool? Has he always been the most awesome man in the universe and I just wasn't paying attention?
Don't get me wrong. I love a good Chuck Norris joke as much as anyone. I'm simply trying to understand how it all got started. Who can explain to me the sudden Chuck Norris revival?
Chuck Norris won American Idol using only sign language.
Chuck Norris doesn't flush the toilet, he scares the crap out of it.
Chuck Norris can speak Japanese . . . in French.
Any good ones you want to share?
I have never heard any of those before, but I love them!!
Chuck Norris once ate a whole cake before his friends could tell him there was a stripper in it!
I've only watched a couple of Chuck Norris films - it was a loooooong time ago!
Glad your son has benefited from the discipline that martial arts can instil in people!
IDK - I had students in 5th grade last year who thought he was the Bee's Knees. Like, they actually did artwork of Chuck Norris. I just didn't get it.
I won't post any Chuck Norris jokes, because I don't like them at all. However I have some more useful/interesting info for you.
"I'm simply trying to understand how it all got started."
Have you ever heard of Kickstart program founded by Chuck Norris?
I love those jokes! I never knew there were so many.


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Miss Caribbean 2016 – United Nations Pageants LLC.
Why do you want to enter? To pursue an opportunity for continued service to my country, the Caribbean and the world through volunteerism. Also to build a network with other persons who are service-oriented and passionate about effecting positive change.


Played high-school basketball at San Ramon Valley HS.
Played college basketball at St. Mary's (2006-10).
Won the 2010-11 Lithuanian National Championship with BC Zalgiris Kaunas.
Named to the 2008-09 and 2009-10 All-WCC 1st Team.


text:
Der Tiger von Eschnapur (1959)
View the official lists that include Der Tiger von Eschnapur
In lists (117)
Pssst, want to check out Der Tiger von Eschnapur in our new look?
Tiger of Bengal
Drama, Romance, Adventure, Thriller
Ebbywebby
It seemed unnecessary and distracting for the temple statue to have such spectacular knockers. :) 1 year ago
Jumping Elephant
Don't forget to watch part II: http://www.icheckmovies.com/movie/das+indische+grabmal/ 10 years 2 months ago
xianjiro
Don't think of it as an ending, think of it as an invitation... 2 years 10 months ago
Hunley checked this movie 3 days 11 hours ago
Gilles Debil added this movie to their watchlist 6 days 1 hour ago
This movie ranks #127 in Eureka!'s The Masters of Cinema Series
Eureka!'s The Masters of…
This movie ranks #459 in Jonathan Rosenbaum's Essential Cinema
Jonathan Rosenbaum's Ess…
This movie ranks #487 in Sight & Sound's The Greatest Films of All Time
Sight & Sound's The Grea…
This movie ranks #532 in Cahiers du Cinéma's Annual Top 10 Lists
Cahiers du Cinéma's Annu…
This movie ranks #723 in TSPDT's 1,000 Greatest Films
TSPDT's 1,000 Greatest F…
This movie ranks #933 in Time Out's 1000 Films to Change Your Life
Time Out's 1000 Films to…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Organic food is generally considered much better for us however it is a lofty financial investment, is it worth it in your opinion?
I am passionate about financial freedom for everyone, but I am also just as passionate about health for everyone! A large part of health in my opinion is how we're eating and we have the ability to make choices about what we put into our mouth! A large concern of mine is the amount of chemicals that are being sprayed on our produce these days and if we're eating produce that has been sprayed, we are ingesting the chemicals that are harmful to our bodies. Remember that these chemicals are designed to kill these insects…and we're ingesting them! So, Ashley, BRAVO for such a great question!
So buying non-organic now may save you some money, but the effect on your health may catch up to you and it will cost you more in the end.
Something that I always tell my clients is that it is not a matter of AFFORDING something, we all AFFORD what we chose to value. So, Ashley, do you value your health enough and the reduction of disease in your life to AFFORD organic groceries? If you answered YES, then you can AFFORD it. So, where to start?
Remember that more knowledge is power. I am working with a nutritionist now and what I appreciate about him is that he provides me with the KNOWLEDGE about why I am doing what he is telling me to do. This has helped me so much! He is not just telling me what to do, he is telling me WHY doing what he is telling me to do is BENEFICIAL for me and my body.
Equip yourself with KNOWLEDGE, so that when you go to pick up non-organic apples you recall what you read about them in that article on my website – that sentence about 40 different pesticides detected on apples. Is that extra dollar or two worth it to you?
Step #1 – Read the quick article about organic produce here.
Step #2 – Download the Dirty Dozen cheat sheet here.
The Dirty Dozen is a list put together by the Environmental Working Group each year. It lists the top 12 items that you should NEVER buy non-organic. This group has estimated that individuals who use this list can reduce their pesticide exposure by 80% when going organic with these 12 foods. On this list, you will also get a copy of the Clean 15. These are the top 15 foods that they deem are safe to buy non-organic.
Step #3 – Take a field trip! Who doesn't love a field trip! My husband and I save hundreds of dollars each year by buying a lot of our produce at Costco, and they have a lot of organic produce to chose from. You have to run the numbers for your family in the end and I can't speak for everyone, but Costco saves us a lot of money and we also can "afford" the ability to eat a lot of things organic. From Costco we buy organic apples, spinach, blueberries, coffee, eggs, meat and much more! It is worth a field trip. Just go to the service counter and let them know you are possibly interested in a membership and you want to walk around and check it out. Have Fun and then run the numbers to see if it makes sense for your family!


Founding father of "existential realism"
Bruno Paoli is a modern master whose stylistic vision finds a kindred spirit in artists of the past like Paul Gaughin and Amedeo Modigliani. Gaughin's rich earth colors, flattened forms and rhythmic line quality echo Paoli's flowing contour lines and spatial organization. Modigliani's sensuous color, harmony and elegantly depicted nudes, relate to Paoli's reclining beauties. As professor at The Art Institute of Porta Romana from 1950-1992, Bruno Paoli furthered this modern figurative style by creating his own style.
He was born in Florence, Italy in 1915. Upon obtaining a diploma in Art (Painting in Drawing) from The Art Institute of Florence, Bruno Paoli showed his art nationally. A few of his memorable exhibitions were at The Galleria Flore in 1942 and in 1943 at The Via Larga Gallery. After exhibiting at numerous one-man shows, he received critical recognition in 1953 when he won the famed buying prize from The Gallery of Modern Art in Florence. This was followed by the prestigious Mario Bucci award. Currently, his work is found in The Stia Museum in Tuscany and in numerous private and corporate collections worldwide.
Bruno Paoli's technique is one of a master who knows his medium. He understands intrinsically the nature of oil paint and color. Wet-into-wet oil and a scumbling of fresh paint over dry leave evidence of residual memory, as well as a beautiful textural buildup. Cool and warm colors are mixed to the point of flat gray, while maintaining their coloristic and emotional power.
Paoli's Retrospect Exhibition was in September 2001, in the town of Arezzo Italy. It was viewed by over 30,000 people. The cover piece of the exhibition now hangs in the Gallery of Contemporary Art in Arezzo together with the other important paintings done by Ottone Rosai, Giorgio Morandi and De Chirico. This was Paoli's Last Exhibition.
31.25" x 25.25" 27" x 23.25" 32.25" x 28.25"
43" x 38.75" 29.75" x 25.75" 51" x 47.25"
40.25" x 38.25" 26.5" x 22.5" 27.5" x 23.5"
22.5" x 18.5" 26.5" x 22.5" 32"X 36"


Stay in the comfortable apartments of our modern Ecological Wooden House and experience the special atmosphere of wood and natural materials – a unique accommodation in Todtmoos and certainly a rarity throughout the Black Forest.
Look forward to 350m² of spa with Finnish sauna, Roman steam bath, whirlpool tubs, showers, textile sauna, relaxation room, massage rooms, dry sauna and indoor swimming pool.
The special highlight: Enjoy a romantic dinner at the Pavilion !
Take a time off for a few hours in our little snack hut "Vesperhüsli" with iron stove near the archery range.
In the summer, this is the perfect place to exclusively empty a tea time basket ("Vesperkorb") we have provided you with, and enjoy the beautiful view over the valley.
This Vesperkorb is equipped with 2 bottles of either 0.33 liters of beer / Coca Cola / Fanta or 0.5 liters of mineral water. It comes with a tasty snack of Black Forest ham and bacon, blood sausage and liver sausage, pork in aspic, Landjäger sausage, cheese, coarse rye bread and 2 cl kirsch.
You get the Vesperkorb in our restaurant. In the Vesperhüsli, firewood is available, allowing you to heat up the iron stove yourself.
or by e-mail ( ) entgegen.
Directly opposite our hotel, this spacious Black Forest wooden hut with its two separate parts (19 and 23 beds) offers room for small and large groups such as societies and clubs, for celebrations and parties of the whole family.
Our chapel is not just a nice stop for hikers, but also the ideal place for a wedding ceremony with a small number of people.


You are currently looking for Holiday Cottages in Porthtowan to help you find the right cottage break you can filter the results.
St Ives View (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 8 people.
Appledore Cottage (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 6 people.
Offshore (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 4 people.
Boskernyk (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 2 people.
Manege Cottage (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 2 people.
Mayfield View (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 4 people.
Seacott (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 4 people.
The Beaches (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 8 people.
Hillcrest (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 6 people.
Gecko Beach (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 2 people.
Ocean Blue (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 4 people.
Sandy Cove (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 4 people.
Ocean Heights (Porthtowan) sleeps a maximum of 6 people.


Choosing to go with a used car instead of a new one can save you a lot of money, but you do run the risk of getting a car that turns out to be a lemon. However, we guarantee that all of the second hand cars that we have in our inventory have been inspected for quality assurance so that you can walk away from our lot with a purchase you can be proud of. With the wide range of vehicles that we have, you can even have a BMW in Perth at a more affordable price than paying for a brand new one.
Our supply of used vehicles originates from several different sources, including other dealerships across the country. That makes it much easier for us to increase the diversity of vehicles that we provide for customers, including BMW in Perth, for those who have more refined tastes and want to drive away in a luxury vehicle. But that doesn't mean you have to pay an arm and a leg for such a vehicle. Even a second hand BMW vehicle can still run as well as the first day it rolled off the production line since we make the effort to ensure that all of our vehicles are in working order. We make the necessary repairs and adjustments to supply a quality car at an affordable price so your car will continue to drive like a dream.
We provide our vehicles, even a BMW in Perth at fair, marketable prices, so we're not overcharging for a vehicle that isn't brand new. We even conduct our own inspections to ensure that everything is in working order. There are no parts falling off, no scuff marks, no missing paint, and no dirty interiors. We make the extra effort to clean the insides of every vehicle so that you can feel comfortable when you take any of them for a test drive. After all, how are you going to find the vehicle of your dreams if it smells like cigarette smoke and has candy wrappers in the cup holders?
We double check the history of every vehicle that we consider including into our inventory before they're put on the lot. From Nissan and Toyota, to Honda and BMW in Perth, we don't take any vehicles that aren't up to our standard, because that's not what our customers deserve. Any information that we obtain for the cars we have, we readily provide to our customers so that that can make an informed decision about the car they're about to purchase. We understand that car dealerships are not one of the places that most people want to spend their days, but by making the process of purchasing a vehicle less painful and more efficient, we hope to start making it enjoyable again.


Perfect for the modern home, the Studio Living & Dining Collection, is fresh, stylish and beautifully designed.
Grey, Black or White Gloss.
Light Oak, Dark Oak & Charcoal Veneers.
3 Sizes of Hall Tables, Wall Mirror, Coffee, End & Nest of Tables.


Transsmart is a fast-growing company that provides shipping software solutions, connecting customers to over 300 carriers. To ensure they remain competitive, they rely on cutting-edge technology to provide reliable and fast online experiences for customers.
Migration to a Rackspace environment to advance their technology stack in a fully managed and supported environment, to help them growth their business and process more customer transactions.
With the help of the Migration Services team and Rackspace's 24/7 support, the Transsmart team can concentrate on their key business - the development of new features in their software and ultimately delivering great outcomes for customers.
Where Rackspace made a difference was their focus on support. They helped us design the infrastructure to ensure our applications run properly. With the help of the GSS at Rackspace we managed to get the migration done successfully, in a timely manner... I really think that without the help of GSS we wouldn't have made the process a success.


text:
/*
 * ofGstVideoGrabber.cpp
 *
 *  Created on: 17/01/2011
 *      Author: arturo
 */

#include "ofGstVideoGrabber.h"

#include <gst/video/video.h>

//-------------------------------------------------
//----------------------------------------- grabber
//-------------------------------------------------

#ifdef TARGET_LINUX

#define PREFER_RGB_OVER_YUV
#define PREFER_NON_COMPRESSED

extern "C" {
	#include <libudev.h>
}

#include <gst/gst.h>

/* for ioctl query */
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <linux/version.h>

#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,35)
	#include <linux/videodev2.h>
	#define VIDIOCGCAP              _IOR('v',1,struct video_capability)     /* Get capabilities */

	struct video_capability
	{
			 char name[32];
			 int type;
			 int channels;   /* Num channels */
			 int audios;     /* Num audio devices */
			 int maxwidth;   /* Supported width */
			 int maxheight;  /* And height */
			 int minwidth;   /* Supported width */
			 int minheight;  /* And height */
	};
#else
	#include <linux/videodev.h>
#endif

#endif

static void get_video_devices (ofGstCamData & cam_data)
{
#ifdef TARGET_LINUX
	int fd, ok;

	struct udev * my_udev;
	struct udev_enumerate * enumerate;
	struct udev_list_entry * list;
	struct udev_list_entry * entry;

	my_udev = udev_new();
	enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(my_udev);
	udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
	list = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);

	/*udev_list_entry_foreach(entry,list){
		const char * name = udev_list_entry_get_name(entry);
		struct udev_device * device = udev_device_new_from_syspath(my_udev, name);
		const char * subsystem = udev_device_get_subsystem(device);
		if(strcmp(subsystem,"video4linux")==0){
			num_devices++;
		}
	}*/

	ofLogNotice() << "probing devices with udev...";

	/* Initialize webcam structures */
	udev_list_entry_foreach(entry,list){
		const char * name = udev_list_entry_get_name(entry);
		struct udev_device * device = udev_device_new_from_syspath(my_udev, name);
		string subsystem = udev_device_get_subsystem(device);

		if(subsystem != "video4linux") continue;
		const char  *gstreamer_src, *product_name;
		struct v4l2_capability  v2cap;
		struct video_capability v1cap;
		string vendor_id;
		string product_id;

		const char * dev_node = udev_device_get_devnode(device);
		struct udev_list_entry * properties = udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(device);
		struct udev_list_entry * property;
		udev_list_entry_foreach(property,properties){
			const char * name = udev_list_entry_get_name(property);

			if(strcmp(name,"ID_VENDOR_ID")==0){
				vendor_id = udev_list_entry_get_value(property);
			}

			if(strcmp(name,"ID_MODEL_ID")==0){
				product_id = udev_list_entry_get_value(property);
			}

		}

		ofLogNotice() << "found device " << vendor_id << ":" << product_id << ", getting capabilities...";

		/* vbi devices support capture capability too, but cannot be used,
		 * so detect them by device name */
		if (strstr (dev_node, "vbi"))
		{
			ofLogWarning("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "skipping vbi device: " << dev_node;
			continue;
		}

		if ((fd = open (dev_node, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK)) < 0)
		{
			ofLogWarning("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "failed to open " << dev_node << ": " << strerror(errno);
			continue;
		}

		ok = ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &v2cap);
		if (ok < 0)
		{
			ok = ioctl (fd, VIDIOCGCAP, &v1cap);
			if (ok < 0)
			{
				ofLogWarning("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "error while probing v4l capabilities for "
					<< dev_node << ": " << strerror (errno);
				close (fd);
				continue;
			}
			ofLogNotice() << "detected v4l device: " << v1cap.name;
			ofLogNotice() << "device type: " << v1cap.type;
			gstreamer_src = "v4lsrc";
			product_name  = v1cap.name;
		}
		else
		{
			guint cap = v2cap.capabilities;
			ofLogNotice() << "detected v4l2 device: " << v2cap.card;
			ofLogNotice() << "driver: " << v2cap.driver << ", version: " << v2cap.version;
			/* g_print ("Bus info: %s\n", v2cap.bus_info); */ /* Doesn't seem anything useful */
			ofLog(OF_LOG_NOTICE, "capabilities: 0x%08X", v2cap.capabilities);
			if (!(cap & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE))
			{
			  ofLogNotice() << "device " << dev_node << " seems to not have the capture capability, (radio tuner?)";
			  ofLogNotice() << "removing it from device list";
			close (fd);
			continue;
			}
			gstreamer_src = "v4l2src";
			product_name  = (char *) v2cap.card;
		}

		ofGstDevice gst_device;
		gst_device.video_device = dev_node;
		gst_device.gstreamer_src = gstreamer_src;
		gst_device.product_name = product_name;
		cam_data.webcam_devices.push_back(gst_device);
		/*cam_data.webcam_devices[cam_data.num_webcam_devices].video_device      = dev_node;
		cam_data.webcam_devices[cam_data.num_webcam_devices].gstreamer_src     = gstreamer_src;
		cam_data.webcam_devices[cam_data.num_webcam_devices].product_name      = product_name;
		cam_data.webcam_devices[cam_data.num_webcam_devices].num_video_formats = 0;
		cam_data.webcam_devices[cam_data.num_webcam_devices].supported_resolutions =
		  g_hash_table_new_full (g_str_hash, g_str_equal, g_free, NULL);
		cam_data.num_webcam_devices++;*/

		close (fd);
	}

	cam_data.bInited=true;
#endif
}

static void get_supported_framerates (ofGstVideoFormat &video_format, GstStructure &structure)
{
	const GValue *framerates;
	ofGstFramerate framerate;
	framerates = gst_structure_get_value (&structure, "framerate");
	if (GST_VALUE_HOLDS_FRACTION (framerates)){
		framerate.numerator   = gst_value_get_fraction_numerator (framerates);
		framerate.denominator = gst_value_get_fraction_denominator (framerates);
		video_format.framerates.push_back(framerate);
		ofLog(OF_LOG_VERBOSE,"%d/%d ", framerate.numerator,
						framerate.denominator);
	}else if (GST_VALUE_HOLDS_LIST (framerates)){
		int num_framerates = gst_value_list_get_size (framerates);
		for (int i = 0; i < num_framerates; i++){
			const GValue *value = gst_value_list_get_value (framerates, i);
			framerate.numerator   = gst_value_get_fraction_numerator (value);
			framerate.denominator = gst_value_get_fraction_denominator (value);
			video_format.framerates.push_back(framerate);
			ofLog(OF_LOG_VERBOSE,"%d/%d ", framerate.numerator,
							framerate.denominator);
		}
	}else if (GST_VALUE_HOLDS_FRACTION_RANGE (framerates)){
		int           numerator_min, denominator_min, numerator_max, denominator_max;
		const GValue *fraction_range_min;
		const GValue *fraction_range_max;

		fraction_range_min = gst_value_get_fraction_range_min (framerates);
		numerator_min      = gst_value_get_fraction_numerator (fraction_range_min);
		denominator_min    = gst_value_get_fraction_denominator (fraction_range_min);

		fraction_range_max = gst_value_get_fraction_range_max (framerates);
		numerator_max      = gst_value_get_fraction_numerator (fraction_range_max);
		denominator_max    = gst_value_get_fraction_denominator (fraction_range_max);

		ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "get_supported_framerates(): from "
			<< numerator_min << "/" << denominator_max
			<< " to " << numerator_max << "/" << denominator_min;

		for (int i = numerator_min; i <= numerator_max; i++){
			for (int j = denominator_min; j <= denominator_max; j++){
				framerate.numerator = i;
				framerate.denominator = j;
				video_format.framerates.push_back(framerate);
			}
		}
	}else{
		ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "get_supported_framerates(): unknown GValue type "
			<< G_VALUE_TYPE_NAME (framerates) << " for framerates";
	}
}

static void find_framerate (ofGstVideoFormat &format, int desired_framerate = -1)
{
	int framerate_numerator   = 1;
	int framerate_denominator = 1;
	float framerate = -1;
	float prevFramerate = -1;
	// find nearest to desired framerate
	if(desired_framerate!=-1){
		float diff = 9999;
		for(unsigned i=0; i<format.framerates.size(); i++){
			framerate = (float)format.framerates[i].numerator / (float)format.framerates[i].denominator;
			if( fabs((float)desired_framerate - framerate) < diff){
				diff = fabs((float)desired_framerate - framerate );
				framerate_numerator   = format.framerates[i].numerator;
				framerate_denominator = format.framerates[i].denominator;
			}
		}
	// find fastest
	}else{
		for (unsigned i = 0; i < format.framerates.size(); i++){
			prevFramerate = framerate;
			framerate = (float)format.framerates[i].numerator / (float)format.framerates[i].denominator;
			if (framerate > prevFramerate ){
				framerate_numerator   = format.framerates[i].numerator;
				framerate_denominator = format.framerates[i].denominator;
			}
		}
	}

	format.choosen_framerate.numerator = framerate_numerator;
	format.choosen_framerate.denominator = framerate_denominator;
}

static int find_resolution(ofGstDevice &webcam_device, int width, int height){
	for(unsigned i=0; i<webcam_device.video_formats.size(); i++){
		if(webcam_device.video_formats[i].width == width && webcam_device.video_formats[i].height== height)
			return i;
	}
	return -1;
}

#if GST_VERSION_MAJOR==0
static void add_video_format (ofGstDevice &webcam_device,
  ofGstVideoFormat &video_format, GstStructure &format_structure, int desired_framerate)
{

	ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): " << video_format.mimetype.c_str()
		<< " " << video_format.width << "x" << video_format.height << " framerates:";
	get_supported_framerates (video_format, format_structure);
	find_framerate (video_format, desired_framerate);

	int i = find_resolution(webcam_device,video_format.width, video_format.height);

	if (i!=-1) { // Resolution already added ?
		float new_framerate = (float)video_format.choosen_framerate.numerator /
								 video_format.choosen_framerate.denominator;
		float curr_framerate = (float)webcam_device.video_formats[i].choosen_framerate.numerator /
								webcam_device.video_formats[i].choosen_framerate.denominator;
		if (desired_framerate == -1){
			if(new_framerate > curr_framerate) {
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): higher framerate replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;

#ifdef PREFER_NON_COMPRESSED
			}else if(webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype != "video/x-raw-yuv"
					&& webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype != "video/x-raw-rgb"
					&& ( video_format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-yuv" || video_format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-rgb" )
					&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): non compressed format with same framerate, replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;
#else
			}else if((webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype == "video/x-raw-yuv"
					|| webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype == "video/x-raw-rgb")
					&& ( video_format.mimetype != "video/x-raw-yuv" && video_format.mimetype != "video/x-raw-rgb" )
					&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): non compressed format with same framerate, replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;

#endif

#ifdef PREFER_RGB_OVER_YUV
			}else if(webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype == "video/x-raw-yuv"
					&& video_format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-rgb"
					&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): rgb format with same framerate as yuv, replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;
#else
			}else if(webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype == "video/x-raw-rgb"
					&& video_format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-yuv"
					&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): rgb format with same framerate as yuv, replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;
#endif
			}else{
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): already added, skipping";
			}
		}else{
			if(fabs(new_framerate - desired_framerate) < fabs(curr_framerate - desired_framerate) ){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): more similar framerate replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;

#ifdef PREFER_NON_COMPRESSED
			}else if(webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype != "video/x-raw-yuv"
					&& webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype != "video/x-raw-rgb"
					&& ( video_format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-yuv" || video_format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-rgb" )
					&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): non compressed format with same framerate, replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;
#else
			}else if((webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype == "video/x-raw-yuv"
					|| webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype == "video/x-raw-rgb")
					&& ( video_format.mimetype != "video/x-raw-yuv" && video_format.mimetype != "video/x-raw-rgb" )
					&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): non compressed format with same framerate, replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;

#endif
#ifdef PREFER_RGB_OVER_YUV
			}else if(webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype == "video/x-raw-yuv"
					&& video_format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-rgb"
					&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): rgb format with same framerate as yuv, replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;
#else
			}else if(webcam_device.video_formats[i].mimetype == "video/x-raw-rgb"
					&& video_format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-yuv"
					&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): rgb format with same framerate as yuv, replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;
#endif

			}else{
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): already added, skipping";
			}
		}

		return;
	}

	webcam_device.video_formats.push_back(video_format);
}
#else
static void add_video_format (ofGstDevice &webcam_device,
  ofGstVideoFormat &video_format, GstStructure &format_structure, int desired_framerate)
{

	ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): "
				<< video_format.mimetype << " " << video_format.format_name
				<< video_format.width << "x" << video_format.height << " "
				<< "videoformat: " << gst_video_format_from_string(video_format.format_name.c_str())
				<< " framerates: ";
	get_supported_framerates (video_format, format_structure);
	find_framerate (video_format, desired_framerate);

	int i = find_resolution(webcam_device,video_format.width, video_format.height);

	if (i!=-1) { // Resolution already added ?
		float new_framerate = (float)video_format.choosen_framerate.numerator /
								 video_format.choosen_framerate.denominator;
		float curr_framerate = (float)webcam_device.video_formats[i].choosen_framerate.numerator /
								webcam_device.video_formats[i].choosen_framerate.denominator;
		if (desired_framerate == -1){
			// choose faster
			if(new_framerate > curr_framerate) {
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): higher framerate replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;

			}
		}else{
			if(fabs(new_framerate - desired_framerate) < fabs(curr_framerate - desired_framerate) ){
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): more similar framerate replacing existing format";
				webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;
			}else{
				ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): already added, skipping";
 			}
		}

		// with same fps choose non_compressed over compressed
		if((gst_video_format_from_string(webcam_device.video_formats[i].format_name.c_str()) == GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_ENCODED
				|| gst_video_format_from_string(webcam_device.video_formats[i].format_name.c_str()) == GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_UNKNOWN)
				&& ( gst_video_format_from_string(video_format.format_name.c_str()) != GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_ENCODED )
				&& ( gst_video_format_from_string(video_format.format_name.c_str()) != GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_UNKNOWN )
				&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
			ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): non compressed format with same framerate, replacing existing format";
			webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;
		}
#ifdef PREFER_RGB_OVER_YUV
		// with same fps choose rgb over other formats to avoid colorspace compression
		else if(gst_video_format_from_string(webcam_device.video_formats[i].format_name.c_str()) != GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_RGB
				&& gst_video_format_from_string(video_format.format_name.c_str()) == GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_RGB
				&& new_framerate == curr_framerate){
			ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): rgb format with same framerate as other format, replacing existing format";
			webcam_device.video_formats[i] = video_format;

		}
#endif
		else{
			ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "add_video_format(): already added, skipping";
		}

		return;
	}

	webcam_device.video_formats.push_back(video_format);
}
#endif

// TODO: gets formats for cameras, when a format returns a range it gets
// in steps /2 and *2 from min to max and max to min, for format7 it should be free to get any size
static void get_supported_video_formats (ofGstDevice &webcam_device, GstCaps &caps, int desired_framerate)
{

	int num_structures;

	num_structures = gst_caps_get_size (&caps);
	for (int i = 0; i < num_structures; i++){
		GstStructure *structure;
		const GValue *width, *height;
		structure = gst_caps_get_structure (&caps, i);

		width  = gst_structure_get_value (structure, "width");
		height = gst_structure_get_value (structure, "height");

		if (G_VALUE_HOLDS_INT (width)){
			ofGstVideoFormat video_format;

			video_format.mimetype = gst_structure_get_name (structure);
			gst_structure_get_int (structure, "width", &(video_format.width));
			gst_structure_get_int (structure, "height", &(video_format.height));
			#if GST_VERSION_MAJOR==1
			if(gst_structure_get_string(structure,"format"))
				video_format.format_name = gst_structure_get_string(structure,"format");
			#endif
			//cout << gst_structure_to_string(structure) << endl;;
			add_video_format(webcam_device, video_format, *structure, desired_framerate);
		}else if (GST_VALUE_HOLDS_INT_RANGE (width)){
			int min_width, max_width, min_height, max_height;
			int cur_width, cur_height;

			min_width  = gst_value_get_int_range_min (width);
			max_width  = gst_value_get_int_range_max (width);
			min_height = gst_value_get_int_range_min (height);
			max_height = gst_value_get_int_range_max (height);

			cur_width  = min_width;
			cur_height = min_height;
			while (cur_width <= max_width && cur_height <= max_height){
				ofGstVideoFormat video_format;

				video_format.mimetype = gst_structure_get_name (structure);
				video_format.width    = cur_width;
				video_format.height   = cur_height;
				#if GST_VERSION_MAJOR==1
				if(gst_structure_get_string(structure,"format"))
					video_format.format_name = gst_structure_get_string(structure,"format");
				#endif
				add_video_format(webcam_device, video_format, *structure, desired_framerate);
				cur_width  *= 2;
				cur_height *= 2;
			}

			cur_width  = max_width;
			cur_height = max_height;
			while (cur_width > min_width && cur_height > min_height){
				ofGstVideoFormat video_format;

				video_format.mimetype = gst_structure_get_name (structure);
				video_format.width    = cur_width;
				video_format.height   = cur_height;
				#if GST_VERSION_MAJOR==1
				if(gst_structure_get_string(structure,"format"))
					video_format.format_name = gst_structure_get_string(structure,"format");
				#endif
				add_video_format(webcam_device, video_format, *structure, desired_framerate);
				cur_width  /= 2;
				cur_height /= 2;
			}
		}else{
			ofLogError("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "get_supported_video_formats(): unknown GValue type "
				<< G_VALUE_TYPE_NAME (width) << ", for resolution width " << width;
		}
	}
}

static void get_device_data (ofGstDevice &webcam_device, int desired_framerate)
{
    string pipeline_desc = webcam_device.gstreamer_src + " name=source device=" +
            webcam_device.video_device + " ! fakesink";

    GError * err = NULL;
    GstElement * pipeline = gst_parse_launch (pipeline_desc.c_str(), &err);
    if ((pipeline == NULL) || (err != NULL)){
    	if (err){
    		ofLogError("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "get_device_data(): " << err->message;
    		g_error_free (err);
    	}else{
    		ofLogError("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "get_device_data(): caouldn't get pipeline";
    	}
    	if(pipeline)
    		gst_object_unref (pipeline);
    	return;
    }

	// TODO: try to lower seconds,
    // Start the pipeline and wait for max. 10 seconds for it to start up
	gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_READY);
	GstStateChangeReturn ret = gst_element_get_state (pipeline, NULL, NULL, 10 * GST_SECOND);

	// Check if any error messages were posted on the bus
	GstBus * bus = gst_element_get_bus (pipeline);
	GstMessage * msg = gst_bus_poll (bus, GST_MESSAGE_ERROR, 0);
	gst_object_unref (bus);

	if ((msg == NULL) && (ret == GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS)){

		GstElement *src = gst_bin_get_by_name (GST_BIN (pipeline), "source");
		char       *name;
		g_object_get (G_OBJECT (src), "device-name", &name, (void*)NULL);

		ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "get_device_data(): device: "
			<< (name==NULL?"":name) << "(" << webcam_device.video_device << ")";
		GstPad     *pad  = gst_element_get_static_pad (src, "src");
		GstCaps    *caps = gst_pad_get_allowed_caps (pad);
		gst_object_unref (pad);

		get_supported_video_formats (webcam_device, *caps, desired_framerate);

		gst_caps_unref (caps);
		gst_object_unref(src);
	}else if(msg){
		gchar *debug;
		gst_message_parse_error(msg, &err, &debug);

		ofLogError("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "get_device_data(): module "
			<< gst_element_get_name(GST_MESSAGE_SRC (msg)) << " reported: "
			<< err->message;

		g_error_free(err);
		g_free(debug);
	}
	gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
	ret = gst_element_get_state (pipeline, NULL, NULL, 10 * GST_SECOND);
	gst_object_unref (pipeline);

}

ofGstVideoGrabber::ofGstVideoGrabber(){
	bIsCamera			= false;
	camData.bInited		= false;

	deviceID 			= 0;
	attemptFramerate	= -1;
	internalPixelFormat	= OF_PIXELS_RGB;
}

ofGstVideoGrabber::~ofGstVideoGrabber(){
	close();
}

bool ofGstVideoGrabber::setPixelFormat(ofPixelFormat pixelFormat){
	internalPixelFormat = pixelFormat;
	return true;
}

ofPixelFormat ofGstVideoGrabber::getPixelFormat(){
	return internalPixelFormat;
}

void ofGstVideoGrabber::setVerbose(bool bVerbose){
	if(bVerbose) ofSetLogLevel("ofGstVideoGrabber", OF_LOG_VERBOSE);
	else ofSetLogLevel("ofGstVideoGrabber",OF_LOG_NOTICE);
}

ofPixelFormat ofPixelFormatFromGstFormat(string format){
#if GST_VERSION_MAJOR>=1
	switch(gst_video_format_from_string(format.c_str())){
	case GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_RGB: return OF_PIXELS_RGB;
	case GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_RGBA: return OF_PIXELS_RGBA;
	case GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_BGRA: return OF_PIXELS_BGRA;
	case GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_GRAY8: return OF_PIXELS_MONO;
	case GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_RGB16: return OF_PIXELS_RGB565;
	default: return OF_PIXELS_UNKNOWN;
	}
#else
	ofLogWarning("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "ofPixelFormatFromGstFormat(): only supported for gstreamer 1.0";
	return OF_PIXELS_UNKNOWN;
#endif
}

vector<ofVideoDevice> ofGstVideoGrabber::listDevices(){
#if GST_VERSION_MAJOR>=1
	if(!camData.bInited) get_video_devices(camData);
	vector<ofVideoDevice> devices(camData.webcam_devices.size());
	for(unsigned i=0; i<camData.webcam_devices.size(); i++){
		devices[i].id = i;
        devices[i].bAvailable = true;
		devices[i].deviceName = camData.webcam_devices[i].product_name;
		devices[i].hardwareName = camData.webcam_devices[i].video_device;
		devices[i].formats.resize(camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats.size());
		for(int j=0;j<(int)camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats.size();j++){
			devices[i].formats[j].pixelFormat = ofPixelFormatFromGstFormat(camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats[j].format_name);
			devices[i].formats[j].width = camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats[j].width;
			devices[i].formats[j].height = camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats[j].height;
			devices[i].formats[j].framerates.resize(camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats[j].framerates.size());
			for(int k=0;k<(int)camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats[j].framerates.size();k++){
				devices[i].formats[j].framerates[k] = float(camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats[j].framerates[k].numerator)/float(camData.webcam_devices[i].video_formats[j].framerates[k].denominator);
			}
		}
		ofLogVerbose("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "listDevices(): device " << i << ": " << camData.webcam_devices[i].video_device << ": " << camData.webcam_devices[i].product_name;
	}
	return devices;
#else
	ofLogWarning("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "listDevices(): only supported for gstreamer 1.0";
	return vector<ofVideoDevice>();
#endif
}

void ofGstVideoGrabber::setDeviceID(int id){
	if(!camData.bInited) get_video_devices(camData);
	if(int(camData.webcam_devices.size())>id){
		deviceID = id;
	}else{
		ofLogWarning("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "setDeviceID(): selected device doesn't exist, selecting device 0";
	}
}

ofGstVideoFormat & ofGstVideoGrabber::selectFormat(int w, int h, int desired_framerate){
	int minDiff=999999;
	int mostSimilarFormat=0;

	get_device_data (camData.webcam_devices[deviceID], desired_framerate);

	for(unsigned i=0; i<camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_formats.size(); i++){
		if(camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_formats[i].width==w && camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_formats[i].height==h){
			mostSimilarFormat = i;
			break;
		}
		int diff = abs(camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_formats[i].width + camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_formats[i].height - w - h);
		if(diff<minDiff){
			minDiff = diff;
			mostSimilarFormat = i;
		}
	}
	camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].current_format = mostSimilarFormat;
	return camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_formats[mostSimilarFormat];
}

bool ofGstVideoGrabber::initGrabber(int w, int h){
	if(!camData.bInited) get_video_devices(camData);

	if(camData.webcam_devices.size()==0){
		ofLogError("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "initGrabber(): no devices found, exiting without initializing";
		return false;
	}

	ofGstVideoFormat & format = selectFormat(w, h, attemptFramerate);
	ofLogNotice("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "initGrabber(): selected device: " << camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].product_name;
	ofLogNotice("ofGstVideoGrabber") << "initGrabber(): selected format: " << format.width << "x" << format.height
		<< " " << format.mimetype << " " << format.format_name << " framerate: " << format.choosen_framerate.numerator << "/" << format.choosen_framerate.denominator;

	bIsCamera = true;

#if GST_VERSION_MAJOR==0
	const char * decodebin = "";
	if(format.mimetype == "video/x-raw-bayer")
		decodebin = "! bayer2rgb ";
	else if(format.mimetype != "video/x-raw-yuv" && format.mimetype != "video/x-raw-rgb")
		decodebin = "! decodebin2 ";
	const char * scale = "! ffmpegcolorspace ";
	if( w!=format.width || h!=format.height )	scale = "! ffvideoscale method=2 ";

	string format_str_pipeline = "%s name=video_source device=%s ! "
			 "%s,width=%d,height=%d,framerate=%d/%d "
			 "%s %s ";

	gchar* pipeline_string=g_strdup_printf (
		      format_str_pipeline.c_str(),
		      camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].gstreamer_src.c_str(),
		      camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_device.c_str(),
		      format.mimetype.c_str(),
		      format.width,
		      format.height,
		      format.choosen_framerate.numerator,
		      format.choosen_framerate.denominator,
		      decodebin, scale);
#else
	const char * decodebin = "";
	if(format.mimetype == "video/x-bayer")
		decodebin = "! bayer2rgb ";
	else if(gst_video_format_from_string(format.format_name.c_str()) == GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_ENCODED || gst_video_format_from_string(format.format_name.c_str()) ==GST_VIDEO_FORMAT_UNKNOWN)
		decodebin = "! decodebin ";

	const char * scale = "";
	switch(internalPixelFormat){
	case OF_PIXELS_MONO:
		if(format.format_name!="GRAY8"){
			scale = "! videoconvert ";
		}
		break;
	case OF_PIXELS_RGB:
		if(format.format_name!="RGB"){
			scale = "! videoconvert ";
		}
		break;
	case OF_PIXELS_RGBA:
	case OF_PIXELS_BGRA:
		if(format.format_name!="RGBA" && format.format_name!="BGRA"){
			scale = "! videoconvert ";
		}
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	if( w!=format.width || h!=format.height ){
		scale = "! videoscale method=2 ";
	}

	string format_str_pipeline;
	gchar* pipeline_string;
	if(format.format_name==""){
		format_str_pipeline = "%s name=video_source device=%s ! "
								 "%s,width=%d,height=%d,framerate=%d/%d "
								 "%s %s ";

		pipeline_string=g_strdup_printf (
					      format_str_pipeline.c_str(),
					      camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].gstreamer_src.c_str(),
					      camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_device.c_str(),
					      format.mimetype.c_str(),
					      format.width,
					      format.height,
					      format.choosen_framerate.numerator,
					      format.choosen_framerate.denominator,
					      decodebin, scale);
	}else{
		format_str_pipeline = "%s name=video_source device=%s ! "
								 "%s,format=%s,width=%d,height=%d,framerate=%d/%d "
								 "%s %s ";

		pipeline_string=g_strdup_printf (
					      format_str_pipeline.c_str(),
					      camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].gstreamer_src.c_str(),
					      camData.webcam_devices[deviceID].video_device.c_str(),
					      format.mimetype.c_str(),
					      format.format_name.c_str(),
					      format.width,
					      format.height,
					      format.choosen_framerate.numerator,
					      format.choosen_framerate.denominator,
					      decodebin, scale);
	}
#endif

	int bpp;
	switch(internalPixelFormat){
		case OF_PIXELS_MONO:
			bpp = 8;
			break;
		case OF_PIXELS_RGB:
			bpp = 24;
			break;
		case OF_PIXELS_RGBA:
		case OF_PIXELS_BGRA:
			bpp = 32;
			break;
		default:
			bpp=24;
			break;
	}

	if(	videoUtils.setPipeline(pipeline_string,bpp,false,w,h) && videoUtils.startPipeline()){
		videoUtils.play();
		return true;
	}else{
		return false;
	}
}

void ofGstVideoGrabber::setDesiredFrameRate(int framerate){
	attemptFramerate = framerate;
}

ofGstVideoUtils * ofGstVideoGrabber::getGstVideoUtils(){
	return &videoUtils;
}

void ofGstVideoGrabber::update(){
	videoUtils.update();
}

bool ofGstVideoGrabber::isFrameNew(){
	return videoUtils.isFrameNew();
}

unsigned char * ofGstVideoGrabber::getPixels(){
	return videoUtils.getPixels();
}

ofPixelsRef ofGstVideoGrabber::getPixelsRef(){
	return videoUtils.getPixelsRef();
}

float ofGstVideoGrabber::getHeight(){
	return videoUtils.getHeight();
}

float ofGstVideoGrabber::getWidth(){
	return videoUtils.getWidth();
}

void ofGstVideoGrabber::close(){
	videoUtils.close();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Eroe (storia di Luigi delle Bicocche) è un singolo del rapper italiano Caparezza, pubblicato il 28 marzo 2008 come primo estratto dal quarto album in studio Le dimensioni del mio caos.

Descrizione
Tratta di un operaio precario, Luigi delle Bicocche appunto, che, nonostante le varie difficoltà che incontra (tra cui la tentazione di giocare al video poker e di chiedere prestiti agli usurai) riesce a mandare avanti una famiglia, che secondo il rapper è una cosa eroica nei nostri giorni. Il brano contiene inoltre numerosi riferimenti a vari personaggi e avvenimenti, come Erich Priebke (definito «ex SS novantatreenne») o la vicenda del casinò di Campione d'Italia che coinvolse Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia.

Questo è anche il primo brano di Caparezza a far parte della colonna sonora di un film, ovvero il film del 2009 Fuga dal call center di Federico Rizzo.

Video musicale
Nel videoclip Caparezza rappresenta, usando una metafora, la vita difficile degli operai e dei lavoratori sottopagati attraverso un cappio al collo che non si stacca, facendoli soffrire ma allo stesso tempo senza dare il colpo di grazia. Solo a fine video il protagonista si libera del cappio. Durante il video vengono anche inscenati alcuni "eroi" vestiti con costumi di cartone.

Il video è stato girato nelle Dune di Piscinas (Arbus), in Sardegna. Sono infatti riconoscibilissimi alcuni dettagli come le alte dune di sabbia e il rio Piscinas, meglio conosciuto come «fiume Rosso» a causa del colore rossastro dell'acqua per via dei residui minerari disciolti.

Tracce

Formazione
Musicisti
 Caparezza – voce
 Rino Corrieri – batteria acustica
 Giovanni Astorino – basso elettrico, violoncello
 Alfredo Ferrero – chitarra, banjo
 Gaetano Camporeale – Fender Rhodes, Wurlitzer, Hammond, fisarmonica
 I Cantori Nesi – cori
 Roberta Magnetti
 Roberta Bacciolo
 Elena Bacciolo
 Marino Paira
 Silvano Borgata
 Claudio Bovo
 Bip Gismondi
 Saverio Squeo – tromba
 Michele Kalamera – voce narrante

Produzione
 Carlo U. Rossi – produzione artistica, registrazione, missaggio
 Caparezza – produzione artistica, preproduzione
 Claudio Ongaro – produzione esecutiva
 Antonio Baglio – mastering

Classifiche

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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This month's box was all things sweet. Lets dive in!
Don't forget to check below for a discount if you're interested in the box.
Love Goodly's exclusive collab. color with LVX is just gorgeous.
The thin formula applies very smoothly and dries FAST. I'm definitely going to look into other LVX shades!
Packed with super food ingredients and none of the extras, this is perfect for mornings when you don't have much time but need to fill up!
This candle's scent is sweet and girly but not sickly. I love this scent for a luxurious bath!
The grapefruit is fresh and bright while the vanilla gives a certain warmth- a great combination!
I wish i could find this on the LG website but it must be sold out/not available separately.
I love this for a simple accessory alone or stacked with your other favorites!
If you're interested in receiving a Love Goodly subscription box of your own or need a gift idea, you can use the code RHIANLOVE for $5.00 off any Bi-Monthly box subscription!


Dimitra's Seaside apartments are situated in the heart of Aliki, ancient Tifa, just 2 hours away from Athens and in really close distance to the sea.
They borrowed their names from Alkyonides, the seven daughters of Alcyoneus.
This apartment building in Thisvi consists of 15 rooms, fully renovated with A/C, TV, refrigerator and bathrooms with modern equipment. All rooms in Aliki have sea view!
The morning starts with a breakfast buffet in the sunny dining hall on the ground floor or on the 300 m2 veranda.
The apartment building is open throughout the year offering its facilities and warm hospitality and giving to the visitors the chance to enjoy an unforgettable experience in Aliki.


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Didn't see a dedicated thread, so I thought I'd start one.
Here's the opening animation for the game. Looks slick.
I'm definitely into this! But I must say the battles look a bit dull compared to Persona 5. Summoning a Persona results in the appearance of a simple image. The battle system on the other hand looks almost identical to P5 and I hope it's not too similar. But besides that I'm sold on pretty much everything.
I wonder how will they explain and include the female P3 protagonist.
Like, will all the P3 party members remember both protagonists? Maybe only one protagonist can be active?
@Yosheel Perhaps she comes from an alternate dimension. Wouldn't be much of a leap: the logic of Persona Q's world is kind of loopy to begin with.
But aside from that it isn't really supposed to be serious, just some fun Etrian Odyssey gameplay with Persona fanservice. I wish it was coming to Switch though, but development will have begun too late for that.
I wonder what new features we'll see, and if the changes to the battles from P5 will carry over to Q2. I can't really see demon negotiation being included and I'm not sure how they would add Psy and Nuke attacks to all of the old Personas, but I'm sure we'll find out soon!
So, now that they've revealed the release date and special edition/normal edition of this game, what is everyone planning on getting?
I own the first one digitally, so I'll probably opt for a download of Q2, myself. I don't spring for special editions any more.
Don't have any immediate need to get this one. But maybe in the future with a sale.
Persona Q, more recently at least, has been pretty hard to come by in the UK, but the pre-order price of Q2 is something like £27.95, so I'm not messing around and have put down a pre-order for the standard physical release.
Do you know where you can preorder the limited edition in Europe?


Discuss the hardware used to gain access to save files, ROMs, or related data, such as the NDS Backup Tool, Powersaves, or Cybergadget.
What Gen 6 or 7 Save Dongle type tools are there?
dumping gba saves with haxx station?
Any way to decrypt Moon save?
Are Japnese Powersaves useless now?
Does Save Dongle, Powersave and Pkhex affects the data of the cartridge?
TID/SID change when using Shiny codes. Powersave for ORAS.
(CYBERGADGET) Error while downloading the decrypted save. HELP!
Powersaves messing up HP Stat?
Can't import the save file in a Mystery Dungeon Sky cartridge?
I'm in need of some help. Please read.
Cyber Gadget Issue - Software is in Japanese only?
How To Use PKHex on 3DS Firmware 9.9.0!
Datel Trainer Toolkit on x64?


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Q: preload some libraries and scripts in python How to preload some libraries and scripts in python before I call python command? Is there something like .bashrc file to deal with predefining some functions/variables before launching a shell terminal?
Thanks.

A: Create a file, 'my_imports.py' and add the import lines for all your modules.
import math
import anothermodule
import anotherothermodule

Then set an environment variable 'PYTHONSTARTUP' and set it to '/path/to/my_imports.py'.
Now when you run python at the command prompt, it will load your modules first.

A: How about this:
python -i -c "import math"

And you can put this into a bash file, like b.sh
#! /bin/bash

python -i -c "import math"

Then you can set whatever you want.

A: i wanted to sometimes run python with a bunch of statistics/math stuff loaded (numpy, matplotlib, etc), but othertimes just a simple python without having the overhead of loading modules i wasn't going to use.
i use ubuntu linux, so i created a python script python-preload.py with the following:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl

and added an alias to my ~/.bashrc:
alias pym='PYTHONSTARTUP=/home/$USER/path/to/script/python-preload.py python'

so when i want normal python i run python, and when i want all the math stuff i run pym.
hope this helps. based off Tony Blundell's answer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Sixth Circuit › 1992 › United States of America, Appellee, v. James Dean Downs, Defendant-appellant
United States of America, Appellee, v. James Dean Downs, Defendant-appellant, 955 F.2d 397 (6th Cir. 1992)
US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit - 955 F.2d 397 (6th Cir. 1992)
Argued Nov. 8, 1991. Decided Jan. 30, 1992
Rosemary Hart, Asst. U.S. Atty. (argued), and William Cohen, Asst. U.S. Atty., and Deborah Phillips, Asst. U.S. Atty. (briefed), Nashville, Tenn., for government.
Deborah S. Swettenam, Asst. Fed. Public Defender (argued), Nashville, Tenn., for James Dean Downs.
Before BOGGS and NORRIS, Circuit Judges, and TIMBERS,* Senior Circuit Judge.
TIMBERS, Senior Circuit Judge.
Appellant James Dean Downs, an inmate at the Nashville Metropolitan Jail, appeals from a judgment of conviction entered April 8, 1991, in the Middle District of Tennessee, John T. Nixon, District Judge, upon a plea of guilty to one count of credit card fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1029(a) (2) (1988), and one count of knowingly and intentionally unlawfully possessing with intent to distribute a controlled substance, namely Dilaudid, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a) (1) (1988) and 18 U.S.C. § 2 (1988). His appeal brings up for review his sentence of 120 months incarceration, followed by a 6-year term of supervised release. The propriety of his sentence is the sole issue on appeal.
Downs contends, essentially, that the district court erred (1) in failing to reduce his offense level by two levels under the Sentencing Guidelines to reflect his acceptance of responsibility; and (2) in imposing an upward departure of 74 months under the Guidelines without adequately stating the grounds for the departure.
For the reasons that follow, we affirm the district court's refusal to reduce appellant's offense level for acceptance of responsibility, but we remand the case to the district court for specific findings to justify the upward departure.
We shall summarize only those facts and prior proceedings believed necessary to an understanding of the issues on appeal.
On May 21, 1990, Brian Canter, a former fellow inmate of Downs, informed federal officials that Downs had contacted him to request the use of Canter's phone in order to place orders for merchandise. The phone was equipped with three-way calling capabilities. With Canter's consent, federal officials recorded phone conversations between Canter and Downs. During a recorded conversation that took place on May 30, 1990, Downs contacted the Target department store located on White Bridge Road, Nashville. Posing as an employee of the store's credit department, Downs obtained a credit card number from a store clerk. He used this same ruse to obtain two additional credit card numbers on May 31, 1990 by placing calls to Target and a K-Mart department store, located on Gallatin Road, Nashville. Downs then used the credit card number obtained from K-Mart to purchase by mail a lap top computer, valued at $1,335, and a camera, valued at $510. This conduct was the basis of the count charging Downs with credit card fraud.
The conduct underlying the count charging Downs with knowing and intentional unlawful possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance, Dilaudid, is somewhat more complicated. Downs devised the following plan to obtain Dilaudid after he learned that Canter's parents were ill and were taking Dilaudid.
On June 12, 1990, Canter informed Downs that Canter's parents had just filled a prescription for Dilaudid at a local pharmacy. Downs then called Dr. John Haynesworth, a physician working with federal authorities, and posed as a Dr. Richards from the Phar-Mor Pharmacy on Gallatin Road, Nashville. Downs stated that his assistant had just attempted to fill the prescription for Dilaudid, but the pharmacy had only six of the needed one hundred pills in stock. Downs then told Dr. Haynesworth that, due to the shortage of pills, he had voided the initial prescription. Downs requested that Dr. Haynesworth issue a new prescription for the remaining ninety-four pills. Dr. Haynesworth consented and issued a second prescription for Dilaudid.
Downs instructed Canter to pick up the replacement prescription and deliver it to Charles Grimes, a jailer at the Criminal Justice Center, who was then working at his off-duty job. The Dilaudid, which was supplied by law enforcement officers, was delivered to Grimes who was arrested immediately. In a post-arrest statement, Grimes stated that he was acting at Downs' direction and that he previously had smuggled money and merchandise to Downs inside the prison.
At sentencing, the district court considered Downs' lengthy criminal history of drug trafficking and credit card fraud. His criminal history dates back to 1982 when he was convicted of obtaining property by false pretenses. In 1985 he was convicted of two counts of selling a controlled substance and one count of simple possession. Although Downs was paroled on this conviction in 1986, his illegal activities continued. In 1987 he was convicted on two counts of attempting to obtain a controlled substance by forgery, but in 1988 he was paroled a second time. He subsequently was convicted for the fraudulent use of a credit card in 1989, and for theft of property in 1990.
Evidence of similar conduct that did not result in criminal convictions also was presented at Downs' sentencing on April 8, 1991 on the instant offenses. Secret Service Agent Bobby J. Garret testified that Downs admitted to having impersonated a credit card company representative in order to obtain credit card numbers from local merchants. He also admitted having used those credit card numbers to place unauthorized telephone orders for merchandise. He further admitted that he had "placed so many phone orders and had obtained so many [credit card] numbers that he could not separate one from the other."
Beverly Collins, an agent with the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, testified that Downs fraudulently obtained Dilaudid on several occasions in a scheme similar to that which, in part, is the basis for his conviction in the present case. Downs would impersonate a doctor in order to obtain information on terminally ill cancer patients. Later, he would contact those patients individually to determine the particular medication that they were taking. He would call the patient's pharmacy and change their regular prescriptions to Dilaudid. A runner, acting as a relative or friend of the patient, would pick up the Dilaudid for Downs. As a result of this scheme, at least two of the cancer patients received the wrong medication and had to be hospitalized.
James T. Greer, a member of the Internal Affairs Division in Metro Nashville, testified that Downs continued to break the law while incarcerated. Greer testified that various unnamed confidential informants stated that Downs continued his credit card fraud scheme during his imprisonment. Greer also referred to the jail file maintained on Downs during his incarceration. That file included a disciplinary write-up detailing an altercation between Downs and another inmate. At least six other similar reports detailed less serious altercations, including the confiscation by prison officials of a new pair of tennis shoes, believed to have been obtained by means of one of Downs' fraudulent credit card schemes.
A probation officer concluded in his presentence report that Downs was a "career offender" as defined in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1. The presentence report set forth a recommendation that Downs was not entitled to a two level downward adjustment based on acceptance of responsibility. U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1. Based on the resulting offense level of 34 (which included Downs' career offender status) and a criminal history category of VI, the probation officer recommended a sentence of 262-327 months incarceration under the Guidelines.
The probation officer also calculated what would be Downs' sentence absent the career offender adjustment. This calculation was based on an offense level of 14 and a criminal history category of VI. The applicable Guideline range would be 37 months to 46 months.
After conducting the sentencing hearing, the district court held that Downs was not entitled to a downward adjustment based on acceptance of responsibility "because it does appear to this Court that Mr. Downs is engaged in on-going criminal activity; that he is incorrigible." The district court disagreed with the report regarding Downs' career offender status. Even though Downs qualified as a career offender under a federal statute, 28 U.S.C. § 994(h) (1988), the court held that consolidation of two related prior drug convictions precluded Downs from being classified as a career offender under the Guidelines. U.S.S.G. §§ 4B1.1, 4A1.2(a) (2).
Upon holding that Downs has "had a persistent involvement in drug-related criminal activity, both in and out of jail, and that his criminal history is not adequately reflected by the Guidelines", the court departed upward 74 months from the Guidelines and sentenced Downs to 120 months imprisonment, to be followed by a 6-year term of supervised release.
With these facts and prior proceedings in mind, we turn first to Downs' contention that the district court erred in refusing to reduce his offense level under the Guidelines because of his asserted acceptance of responsibility. Downs contends that because he pled guilty despite his belief that he had a colorable defense, the court erred in declining to reduce his offense level by two levels for acceptance of responsibility. He contends that the court erroneously relied on his past criminal conduct in reaching its decision. We disagree.
Under Guideline 3E1.1(a), a defendant is entitled to a reduction in offense level if he has "clearly demonstrat [ed] a recognition and affirmative acceptance of personal responsibility for his criminal conduct." The application notes under this provision provide that:
"Entry of a plea of guilty prior to the commencement of trial combined with truthful admission of involvement in the offense and related conduct will constitute significant evidence of acceptance of responsibility for the purposes of this section. However, this evidence may be outweighed by conduct of the defendant that is inconsistent with acceptance of responsibility."
U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1, applic. note 3. The mere fact that a defendant has pleaded guilty is not dispositive of the issue. "A defendant who enters a guilty plea is not entitled to a sentencing reduction under this section as a matter of right." United States v. Christoph, 904 F.2d 1036, 1040 (6th Cir. 1990), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 111 S. Ct. 713, 112 L. Ed. 2d 702 (1991); U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1(c). Rather, a district court's findings will be given great deference in this matter and a challenge will be successful only in extraordinary circumstances. We previously have stated that:
"Whether or not a defendant has accepted responsibility for his crime is a factual question. The district court's determination of that question ... enjoys the protection of the 'clearly erroneous' standard. Because the trial court's assessment of a defendant's contrition will depend heavily on credibility assessments, the 'clearly erroneous' standard will nearly always sustain the judgment of the district court in this area. Indeed, the guidelines specifically state that ' [t]he sentencing judge is in a unique position to evaluate a defendant's acceptance of responsibility. For this reason, the determination of the sentencing judge is entitled to great deference on review and should not be disturbed unless it is without foundation.' " United States v. Wilson, 878 F.2d 921, 923 (6th Cir. 1989) (quoting United States v. Thomas, 870 F.2d 174, 176 (5th Cir. 1989) (citations omitted)).
The district judge in the instant case stated that "I am not going to give the defendant credit for acceptance of responsibility, because it does appear to this Court that Mr. Downs is engaged in on-going criminal activity; that he is incorrigible." We interpret this statement to mean that the court believed that Downs was not accepting responsibility as required for a downward departure under U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1(a), since he was continuing to engage in unlawful activities. Apparently for this reason the court ordered that Downs' use of the phone be supervised.
We decline to question the court's judgment in this matter. The denial of the two-level reduction in offense levels was not clearly erroneous.
We turn next to Downs' contention that the district court did not adequately state its grounds for an upward departure from the Guidelines as required by 18 U.S.C. § 3553(c) (2) (1988). We agree.
Departure from the sentencing guidelines is permissible based upon "reliable information ... that the criminal history category does not adequately reflect the seriousness of the defendant's past criminal conduct or the likelihood that the defendant will commit other crimes...." U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3. Under § 3553(c) (2), however, a sentencing court must "state in open court" "the specific reason for the imposition of a sentence" outside of the Guideline range. In United States v. Kennedy, 893 F.2d 825, 827-28 (6th Cir. 1990) (quoting United States v. Rodriguez, 882 F.2d 1059, 1066 (6th Cir. 1989) (citations omitted), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1084, 110 S. Ct. 1144, 107 L. Ed. 2d 1048 (1990)), we held that:
" [w]here a district court chooses to depart, 'a short clear written statement or a reasoned statement from the bench' must support the departure. The court is not required to 'incant the specific language used in the guidelines,' but should 'identify clearly the aggravating factors and its reasons for connecting them to the permissible grounds for departure....' If the district court fails to articulate the specific reasons for its departure in language relating to the Guidelines, we are unable to review its exercise of discretion."
The deference due to a district court's departure from the Guidelines "depends upon the district court's providing a reasoned statement of 'the specific reasons for its departure in language relating to the Guidelines.' " Id. at 827 (quoting Rodriguez, supra, 882 F.2d at 1066). Furthermore, in United States v. Fitzwater, 896 F.2d 1009, 1011 (6th Cir. 1990) (quoting United States v. Wells, 878 F.2d 1232, 1233 (9th Cir. 1989)), we stated: "The requirement of a specific statement is not satisfied 'by a general recitation that the defendant's criminal history category or offense level underrepresents, in the sentencing court's opinion, the defendant's criminal record or the seriousness of the charged offense.' " The requirement of a specific statement helps to assure uniformity in sentencing and to facilitate appellate review. Kennedy, supra, 893 F.2d at 828; United States v. Cervantes, 878 F.2d 50, 54 (2nd Cir. 1989); 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) (6) (1988).
We hold that the court's conclusory statements here are inadequate to facilitate an intelligent and informed review of its upward departure from the Guidelines. The court stated that Downs' "criminal history is not adequately reflected by the Guidelines", and that he "had persistent involvement in drug-related criminal activity, both in and out of jail." The government interprets this language to mean that the court found that the Guidelines did not adequately account for Downs' criminal history, and that " [i]n light of the entire sentencing hearing, the judge's brief statement of why it was necessary to depart upward from the Guidelines is sufficient to provide all the reasoned analysis required to support an upward departure."
In Kennedy, supra, 893 F.2d at 828, however, we held that the district court's conclusory comments similar to the ones given in the instant case were inadequate. The district court in Kennedy attempted to justify the upward departure by asserting that the defendant "had a long history of violation of the law", and stated that the defendant's record was "extensive". Id. at 826. This attempted justification was held to be inadequate because the district court did not explain its departure in "language relating to the guidelines, nor connect [ing] the criminal record to the permissible grounds for departure." Id. at 828 (footnote omitted). We hold the court's explanation for departure in the instant case indistinguishable from that proffered by the district court in Kennedy.
Furthermore, the need for the district court to give a specific and reasoned explanation for its upward departure was heightened by the fact that the 120 month sentence was greatly outside of the parameters of the Guidelines. We have held that before making an upward departure from the Guidelines, a sentencing court must first consider the next higher criminal history category. United States v. Feinman, 930 F.2d 495, 501 (6th Cir. 1991); Kennedy, supra, 893 F.2d at 829; U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3 ("the Commission intends that the court use, as a reference, the guideline range for a defendant with a higher or lower criminal history category, as applicable"). Moreover, the sentencing court must "state definitively that he or she has considered lesser adjustments of the criminal history category and must provide the reasons why such adjustments are inadequate." Kennedy, supra, 893 F.2d at 829 (quoting United States v. Lopez, 871 F.2d 513, 515 (5th Cir. 1989)); see also United States v. Lassiter, 929 F.2d 267, 270 (6th Cir. 1991) (Departures beyond the next higher criminal history category will be examined particularly closely.).
This same reasoning applies to departures beyond the criminal history category of VI, above which there are no higher criminal history offense levels for guidance. Since Downs' criminal history was sufficient to place him in criminal history category VI prior to the upward adjustment, the district court could not have looked to a higher criminal history category for direction. The need for a specific and reasoned explanation is particularly compelling in these circumstances. In reaching this conclusion, we express no views as to the propriety of the 74-month upward departure.
To summarize:
We do not question the district court's finding that Downs had not accepted responsibility for his actions and accordingly was not entitled to a two level reduction in his offense level. The court, however, erred in not stating the specific reasons for departing upward from the Guidelines. Accordingly, the sentence is vacated, and the case is remanded to enable the district court to state specific reasons for departing from the Guidelines.
Affirmed in part; reversed and remanded in part.
The Honorable William H. Timbers, Senior Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, sitting by designation


text:
Cécile Fatiman (1771-1883), va ser una mambo (sacerdotessa vodú haitiana). És famosa per la seva participació a la cerimònia vodú a Bois Caïman, que es considera un dels punts de partida de la revolució haitiana.

Primers anys i orígens
Cécile Fatiman era filla d'una esclava africana i d'un francès blanc de Còrsega. Ella i la seva mare van ser venudes com a esclaves a Saint Domingue, mentre que el rastre dels seus dos germans desapareix en el tràfic d'esclaus.

L'investigador haitià Rodney Salnave (Bwa Kay Il-Ment) ha traçat els orígens de Fatiman. Segons indica, el seu pare era, probablement, un príncep cors i nét de Theodore Von Neuhoff o Teodor de Còrsega, únic rei de Còrsega. També creu que el seu cognom, Fatiman, podria haver estat en realitat un segon nom, Attiman, que hauria estat donat per Gregorio Attiman, de Livorno o Livorno, Itàlia, que va ser un dels patges de Theodore Neuhoff  durant la seva conquesta del tron cors l'abril de 1736. Això el va portar a afirmar que el seu nom complet era probablement Cécile Attiman Coidavid, ja que era filla de Célestina Coidavid, i germana de Marie-Louise Coidavid, reina d'Haití de 1811 a 1820.

Rebel·lió dels esclaus
L'agost de 1791, Fatiman va presidir una cerimònia al Bois Caïman com a mambo, juntament amb el houngan Dutty Boukman. Boukman va profetitzar que els esclaus Jean François, Biassou i Jeannot serien líders d'un moviment de resistència i revolta que alliberaria els esclaus de Saint-Domingue. Es va sacrificar un animal, es va fer un jurament i Fatiman i Boukman van exhortar els oients a venjar-se dels opressors francesos i a "esborrar la imatge del Déu dels opressors". Segons l'Enciclopèdia de la religió africana : "La sang de l'animal, i alguns diuen també dels humans, es va donar en una beguda als assistents per segellar els seus destins en lleialtat a la causa de l'alliberament de Sainte-Domingue". Durant la cerimònia, Cécile Fatiman va actuar com si fos cavalcada per la loa Erzulie. També es diu que va tallar la gola d'un porc i va oferir la seva sang als espectadors. Una setmana després, 1.800 plantacions havien estat destruïdes i 1.000 esclavistes assassinats.

Referències

Haitians
Persones de Santo Domingo


text:
Telehouse Resources
Data Privacy in Russia – what you need to know
Information Law No. 242- FZ
Earlier this month Russia ushered in new privacy measures as Information Law No. 242- FZ came into effect. The law states that from September 1st, companies operating on Russian territory will be required to store users' personal data on domestic servers. They must also notify the Russian regulator, Roskomnadzor, the country's data protection agency, of the location of their servers
The new legislation has presented a serious challenge to foreign companies operating in the country and as the deadline passed the Wall Street Journal documented that many companies were unable to comply in time, including US giants Facebook, Google and Twitter.
So does this offer a potential reprieve?
Well, no -the Roskomnadzor says it intends to enforce the law against small and medium-size domestic and foreign companies with offices in Russia, and reserved the right to conduct spot checks on any firm if necessary. Russian authorities already moved to block more than 60 websites even before the deadline had passed. As a result some foreign companies including Samsung Electronics Co., Uber Technologies Inc. and eBay have already agreed to comply with the law.
As the only foreign data centre provider in country at this time, Telehouse offers storage, guidance and advice to clients in Moscow. This is a big issue as you can imagine, as the trust level for multinational companies dealing with the Russian government and regulations is difficult.
Clear Steps To Ensure Effectiveness:
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Rules for and Records of Personal Data Access
Migrations in Progress May Not Meet Deadlines
The Telehouse Moscow Data Centre is already at work assisting customers with collocation within this certified premium, Tier III design facility only 15 minutes from the Kremlin.


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Internet Freedom Works
Thursday's Editorial — Posted on February 26, 2015
(by Ajit Pai, FCC and Lee Goodman, FEC at Politico.com) – For the past two decades, Internet freedom has been a remarkable success story. It has given the American people unprecedented access to information and an amazing array of opportunities to speak, debate and connect with one another. Its potential seems infinite as Internet companies expand services, technologists invent ever more life-enhancing applications and increasing numbers of Americans go online.
So, in the face of the greatest technological empowerment of people in the history of the world, why are regulators at our respective agencies, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Election Commission (FEC), calling for new government regulation of the Internet? The answer is simple. Unfortunately, some see any realm of freedom as a vacuum in need of government control.
For its part, the FCC is about to scrap a Clinton-era bipartisan consensus that
the Internet should be free from intrusive government regulation.
On Thursday (Feb. 26), the agency will likely vote to impose rules upon almost every nut and bolt of the Internet, from the digital connection at your house to the core of the network. In so doing, it'll dust off the heavy-handed monopoly rules designed for Ma Bell [the phone company] back in the 1930s.
How heavy-handed?
The FCC will start regulating broadband rates.
It will decree, based on a vaguely defined "Internet conduct" standard, whether companies can offer consumer-friendly service plans (such as T-Mobile's Music Freedom program, which offers customers unlimited access to streaming music).
It will institutionalize innovation by permission – giving advisory opinions on prospective business plans or practices (and companies will ask before innovating for fear of what will happen if they don't).
It will even assert the power to force private companies to physically deploy broadband infrastructure and route Internet traffic in specific ways.
And in a gift to the plaintiffs' bar, the FCC will deputize trial lawyers to file class-action lawsuits if they contend that any of these rules are being violated.
These Internet regulations will deter broadband deployment, depress network investment and slow broadband speeds. How do we know?:
Compare Europe, which has long had utility-style regulations, with the United States, which has embraced a light-touch regulatory model:
Broadband speeds in the U.S., both wired and wireless, are significantly faster than those in Europe. Broadband investment in the United States is several multiples that of Europe. And broadband's reach is much wider in the United States, despite its much lower population density.
So why is the FCC swinging the regulatory sledgehammer? It's not to guarantee an open Internet. Nowhere in the 332-page plan – which you won't see until after the FCC votes on it – can one find a description of systemic harms to consumers or entrepreneurs online. And small wonder, for the Internet is open today. Consumers can easily access the content of their choice. Online entrepreneurs can and do innovate freely.
No, the purpose is control for control's sake. Digital dysfunction must be conjured into being to justify a public-sector power grab. Aside from being a bad deal for everyone who relies on the Internet, this [government-controlled] plan also distracts the FCC from what it should be focusing on: increasing broadband competition and giving consumers better broadband choices.
While the FCC is inserting government bureaucracy into all aspects of Internet access, the FEC is debating whether to regulate Internet content, specifically political speech posted for free online.
Ajit Pai is a member of the Federal Communications Commission. The opinions expressed are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of their agencies or the U.S. government. Lee Goodman is a member of the Federal Election Commission.
Published at Politico .com on Feb. 23. Reprinted here for educational purposes only. May not be reproduced on other websites without permission from Politico.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the U.S. government, overseen by Congress to regulate interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable in all 50 states, D.C. and U.S. territories. It does the following:
Promoting competition, innovation and investment in broadband services and facilities
Supporting the nation's economy by ensuring an appropriate competitive framework for the unfolding of the communications revolution
Encouraging the highest and best use of spectrum domestically and internationally
Revising media regulations so that new technologies flourish alongside diversity and localism
Providing leadership in strengthening the defense of the nation's communications infrastructure
The agency is directed by five commissioners who are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The president also selects one of the commissioners to serve as chairman. Only three commissioners can be of the same political party at any given time and none can have a financial interest in any commission-related business. All commissioners, including the chairman, have five-year terms, except when filling an unexpired term.
The FCC is funded entirely by regulatory fees. It had an estimated fiscal-2011 budget of $335.8 million and a proposed fiscal-2012 budget of $354.2 million.
The FCC has 1,898 federal employees. (from the FCC website and wikipedia)


He's one of the world's most loved entertainers and Chris Isaak inspired a whole new generation when he performed on an episode of American Idol earlier this week.
The 62-year-old – best known for songs including 'Baby Did a Bad Bad Thing', 'Blue Hotel' and 'Only the Lonely' – surprised 19-year-old contestant Evelyn Cormier by joining her onstage for a truly special performance. Evelyn had originally auditioned for American Idol with Chris' '90s hit 'Wicked Game' and the aspiring singer got the chance to perform the track alongside the iconic musician in the Top 20 All-Star Duets round of the competition.
"He's amazing! He's my dream duet," Evelyn said of Chris before the performance.
Chris began the song by strumming his guitar and singing the soulful lyrics, much to the delight of the live studio audience and judges Lionel Richie, Luke Bryan and Katy Perry. Meanwhile, Evelyn's parents looked on in awe from the audience when their daughter began singing, easily matching Chris' talent.
At one point the former X Factor Australia judge even stopped singing so the audience could truly take in Evelyn's incredible vocals, with Lionel in particular seen clapping and cheering from the audience.
Viewers at home were quick to praise both Evelyn and Chris on the performance.
The performance paid off, with Evelyn progressing through to the Top 14 and live shows.
"Congratulations from myself and Rodney on a great performance, and for making it through to the live shows, @evelyncormier," Chris later wrote.
Evelyn also shared the special advice Chris gave her before the pair took to the stage.
Evelyn, originally from Claremont in New Hampshire, inspired the judges with her audition of 'Wicked Game' earlier in the series. Judge Katy said Evelyn's voice was one of the best she'd heard in her entire life.
She is now one of 14 singers left in the competition fighting it out for the chance to become the next American Idol.
What did you think of the performance? Are you a fan of Chris Isaak?


Home>Comics>PRESS RELEASE – IDW Publishing – Jack Kirby's Most Anticipated Artist's Edition Is Coming!
PRESS RELEASE – IDW Publishing – Jack Kirby's Most Anticipated Artist's Edition Is Coming!
IDW Media Holdings, Inc. (OTCQX:IDWM) is a fully integrated media company, which includes publishing, games, entertainment, and the San Diego Comic Art Gallery.
IDW Entertainment currently serves as the worldwide distributor of Wynonna Earp airing on the Syfy Channel in the U.S. and is producing BBC America's Dirk Gently, based the best seller by Douglas Adams starring Elijah Wood and Sam Barnett, and Brooklyn Animal Control.


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One-Bottle Natural Wine Bag
More One-Bottle All Natural Wine Bag with 1/2 Window
More 8" Commercial Grade Melamine Windproof Ashtray
More Jute Pouch 6 "x9"
"I received the smokeless ashtray and the person I bought it for is extremely happy with it and will be ordering three or four more for her home."--- L.T. New York, USA
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"I wanted to drop a quick note and tell you that you have an excellent product in the smoke trap. The smoke really disappears. I have purchased 2 of these ash trays recently and I am amazed at the results."--- C.C. Massachusetts, USA
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Kai Jenkins
Name: Kai Jenkins
Position: Photographer
Photo: Cicadas All Over a Mattress Outside
By Kai Jenkins | June 15, 2021, 12:25 p.m.
Cicadas have made their ways onto a mattress someone left out in the neighborhood.
Photo: Cicadas Take Over Telephone Pole
Cicadas are everywhere, including this telephone pole!
Photo: Social Distancing signs in the DC area
By Kai Jenkins | March 25, 2021, 10:32 p.m.
A gift-shop in Dc called "Chocolate Moose" is temporarily closed but are hoping to see their customers soon and are wishing them well.
A "Chic-fil-a" has also closed off dining but are taking to-go orders.
A sign in the building of the company "Ventana" explaining how to help prevent the spread of Covid-19 while working in the building.
A "Starbucks" in the DC area informing costumers about the mask and social distancing rules.
A "Starbucks" in the DC area has closed off inside dining, but are happily taking to-go orders.
A gift shop in Dc called "Chocolate Moose" is temporarily closed, but are wishing their costumers well until they open their shop once again.
A sign in the building of the company "Ventana" informing employees and people walking in that a mask is required at all times.
By Kai Jenkins | March 25, 2021, 9:47 p.m.
A social distancing sign meant for the employees inside the building of the company "Ventana" in DC. The sign is to inform them to keep their work areas clean and stay six feet apart.
Gallery: Cicadas in Review
By Kai Jenkins, Mollie Block, Ethan Zajic | June 20, 2021, 10:16 a.m.
The photo staff take a look back at some cool snapshots from Brood X.
Gallery: Social Distancing signs in the DC area
By Kai Jenkins | March 25, 2021, 10:34 p.m. | In Photo »
Covid-19 has changed so many things, but one of the most common things are how businesses and restaurants have changed. Business, restaurants and stores have put up signs everywhere to let their costumers know about their Covid-19 rules.


The vast majority of the annual crop acreage planted in North America this year will use neonicotinoid treated seed. Neonicotinoids are extremely toxic to honey bees, and recent research has suggested that honey bees that forage near these types of plantings may be at risk and that the risk of lethal exposure to these insecticides is highest during the period while crops are being planted. Dr. Christian Krupke (Purdue Extension Entomology) will present an overview of the current research at Purdue and elsewhere and offer suggestions for field crop producers that can minimize the chances of honey bee exposure to these chemicals in the field.


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Словенці () — південнослов'янська нація.

Більшість словенців мешкають на території незалежної Словенії (1 631 363). Здавна мешкають на північному сході Італії (від 83 000 до 100 000 осіб), на півдні Австрії (18 000), у Хорватії (13 200) й Угорщині (3180). Словенців визнано за національну меншину у цих чотирьох країнах, що з ними країна Словенія й тепер має спільні кордони (Австрія, Угорщина, Хорватія, Італія).

За національним переписом населення в Словенії 2002 року, 1 631 363 людей зазначили свою національність як словенці, а 1 723 434 осіб назвали словенську мову рідною.

Загальна чисельність словенців у Австрії налічує 24 855, серед них 17 953 представляють словенську меншість, а 6902 — чужоземні підданці.

Ранні альпійські слов'яни

У VI сторіччі слов'яни оселилися на теренах між Альпами й Адріатичним морем двома хвилями міграції: перша хвиля була близько 550 року з моравських земель, а друга пройшла з південного сходу після відступу лангобардів.

Із 623 до 658 слов'ян між верхньою течією Лаби й горами Караванке об'єднано під владою короля Само (Kralj Samo) — так званий Самівський Племінний Союз. Племінний Союз занепав після смерті Сама, проте маленьке князівство слов'янських племен Карантанія () залишилося, його центр знаходився в теперішній провінції Каринтія на півночі Словенії.

Альпійські слов'яни під час Франкської імперії

Через навислу небезпеку з боку обрів зі сходу, карантинійці (прасловени) 745 року вкладають союз із баварцями, а згодом ідуть під франкійську владу й приймають християнство у VIII сторіччі. Останнє слов'янське державне створення, князівство принца Коцеля, втратило свою незалежність у 874 році. Словенська етнічна територія з часом зменшилася через тиск німців із заходу й появу угорців на Тисо-Дунайській низовині, набула теперішніх теренів у XV столітті.

Першими документами написаними словенським діалектом були Фрейзінгенські уривки, датовані між 972 і 1022 роками. Найпершими книжками словенською мовою стали катехізис (Катекізем) і Абецеднік, написані протестантським реформатором Пріможем Трубарем (Primož Trubar) в 1550 році й надруковані в Тюбінгені, Німеччина. Юрій Далматін переклав у 1584-му Біблію словенською. У другій половині XVI століття словенська мова набула відомости завдяки багатомовному словникові, укладеному Гєронімусом Мегісаром.

Словенці між XVIII століттям і Другою світовою війною

Протягом періоду словенські землі були частиною Іллірійських провінцій, Австрійської імперії, Австро-Угорщини (у Цислейтанії, тобто австрійській частині Австро-Угорщини).

Чимало словенців емігрувало до Сполучених Штатів протягом XX століття, головно, з економічних причин. Тих, що оселилися в Бетлегемі, штат Пенсільванія називають Windish (від wind — вітер). Найбільше словенців занесло до Клівленду, штат Огайо й навколишні землі. Друга за чисельністю група осіла в одному з районів Чикаго. У цих регіонах словенці вели активну суспільну діяльність.

Після Першої світової (1914—1918) словенці з деякими іншими південними слов'янами створили Державу Словенців, Хорватів і Сербів, згодом були частиною Королівства Сербів, Хорватів і Словенців, пізніше перейменоване на Королівство Югославія. Словенське населення становило більшість у регіоні Дравська Бановина нової держави.

1920 року в двомовній Каринтії було проведено референдум, за підсумками якого більша частина Каринтії мала залишитися в складі Австрії. Між двома світовими війнами західні землі, заселені словенцями, були під владою Італії.

Словенські добровольці брали також участь в Іспанській громадянській війні і Другій італо-абісинській війні.

Протягом і після Другої світової війни

У 1991 році, після референдуму, Словенія стала незалежною національною державою після короткої Десятиденної війни.

Див. також
 Етногенез слов'ян
 Словенія
 Заселення слов'янами Східних Альп
 Югослави
 Словенці в Австрії
 Словенці в Італії

Посилання

 Society for Slovene Studies

Народи Словенії
Південні слов'яни
Народи Хорватії
Народи Італії
Народи Канади
Народи США
Народи Австралії
Народи Австрії
Народи Німеччини
Словенці


Fifteen-year-old Daria is determined to fight against her mother's party-planning for the extravagant Sweet 16 she doesn't want, but the battle she is not prepared for comes when she discovers family secrets that turn her world upside down.
Daria is proud of her Iranian culture but wants no part of the posh Beverly Hills Persian community. She finds solace with the Authentics, her small, diverse group of friends who have proven to her that they are real, and she nurses resentment toward the Nose Jobs, a group of pretentious Persian princesses led by her former best friend, Heidi. When Daria begins researching her family history for a school project, she makes some unexpected discoveries that challenge her senses of herself and her family. She loses trust in her parents and turns to her friends, but even they fall short of her standards of complete honesty. Having fallen for a Mexican guy her parents would never approve of adds excitement and romance but also brings her crisis to a boiling point. The ferociously authentic Daria is a memorable protagonist, narrating in a trenchant, self-aware past tense that carries readers through her personal cultural minefield. Her gay brother and his husband are but one small detail that celebrates the complexity of and diversity within modern American Islam.