Zambia continues to grapple with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden despite a long running Directly Observed Treatment Short course programme. Understanding issues that affect patient adherence to treatment programme is an important component in implementation of a successful TB control programme. We set out to investigate pulmonary TB patient's attitudes to seek health care, assess the care received from government health care centres based on TB patients' reports, and to seek associations with patient adherence to TB treatment programme.
This was a cross-sectional study of 105 respondents who had been registered as pulmonary TB patients (new and retreatment cases) in Ndola District between January 2006 and July 2007. We administered a structured questionnaire, bearing questions to obtain individual data on socio-demographics, health seeking behaviour, knowledge on TB, reported adherence to TB treatment, and health centre care received during treatment to consenting respondents.
We identified that respondents delayed to seek treatment (68%) even when knowledge of TB symptoms was high (78%) or when they suspected that they had TB (73%). Respondent adherence to taking medication was high (77%) but low adherence to submitting follow-up sputum (47%) was observed in this group. Similarly, caregivers educate their patients more often on the treatment of the disease (98%) and drug taking (100%), than on submitting sputum during treatment (53%) and its importance (54%). Respondent adherence to treatment was significantly associated with respondent's knowledge about the disease and its treatment (p < 0.0001), and with caregiver's adherence to treatment guidelines (p = 0.0027).
There is a need to emphasise the importance of submitting follow-up sputum during patient education and counselling in order to enhance patient adherence and ultimately treatment outcome.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem in Zambia, despite a long running National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme (NTLP). In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the TB burden in Zambia to be at 60,337 cases (all forms of TB) . The TB control efforts have been hampered by the high level of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially in urban settings where prevalence is estimated to be 19.7% . As a result the number of TB and HIV cases threatens to overwhelm the capacity of the general health systems. HIV-TB co-infection rates in Zambia have been estimated at 70% .
Zambia adopted the WHO recommended Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) strategy as its primary approach in TB control in 1993 and has officially reported 100% DOTS coverage in all nine provinces since 2003 . A good functioning primary health care system is crucial in the implementation of DOTS. In Zambia, the NTLP activities have been integrated into the primary health care services. The decentralisation of TB treatment services has provided for more responsibility at the lower levels of the health care system and in the face of an overwhelming TB case-load, this move has proved to be beneficial to the practical implementation of the programme. Despite the human resource challenges, the use of treatment supporters and community volunteers in the implementation of DOTS has contributed to the improvement in cure rates over the past decade from 67% in 2000 to the global target of 85% by 2006 . The goal of the Zambian NTLP is to prevent and control TB through the provision of quality diagnostic and treatment services for TB and TB/HIV- infected individuals at all levels of the health care delivery system .
Assessing access to quality of healthcare service delivery is complex and multidimensional and will depend on several aspects that are both patient/community-related and/or health systems/service related. Several questions could be considered in this vein, for example, are patients seeking help when they are sick, and when they do seek healthcare, are they getting the appropriate care they require when they need it and ultimately, is this care effective when they get it? Understanding the factors that affect or influence care actions in different settings, will ultimately result in an improvement in healthcare delivery.
Although there are several reports about health seeking behaviour of TB patients and factors related to their delay in seeking health care, compliance to treatment and the role of these factors in treatment outcome, only a few studies describe patient experience in accessing TB care throughout treatment. This study describes and assesses the care received by pulmonary TB patients from government health care centres, and the association with patient adherence to TB treatment based on previous TB patients' reports. The study also alludes to patient's attitude to seek health care for TB.
This was a cross-sectional study of subjects who had been treated for pulmonary TB through the NTLP at government health centres in Ndola, an urbanized city on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia with an estimated population of 374,757 persons , representative of many urban towns along the line of rail in Zambia. At the time of the study, the Ndola District Health Management Team (NDHMT) provided health care services through 26 health centres. All the health centres provided TB treatment and care (treatment centres), but only six were able to perform Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy (diagnostic centres).
The sampling frame comprised the names of all the smear-positive TB patients, new and retreatment cases, registered in the TB microscopy laboratory registers at the six diagnostic centres between January 2006 and July 2007, as a record of all smear-positive patients undergoing treatment in the 26 treatment centres in that period. Those that had received treatment from private clinics or hospitals and children less than 18 years of age were not included. A sample of 105 respondents was randomly selected from the sampling frame. The sample size was calculated using Epi Info 3.5.1 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA). Based on pre-test results, we expected a frequency of patient compliance and adherence to treatment of 50%±10%, at a confidence interval of 95%, and non-response level of 10%, and therefore estimated a sample size of 105 as sufficient.
Initial contact with the selected respondents was made through the TB focal persons at the health centres. Trained research assistants from the Tropical Diseases Research Centre (TDRC), interviewed consenting participants using a structured questionnaire at their homes. The questionnaire, bore questions to capture individual data on socio-demographics, knowledge on TB, health seeking behaviour, adherence to TB treatment, and reported health centre care during treatment. Most of the questions were closed ended. The questionnaire was pre-tested before use and modifications incorporated in the final version.
The collected data was entered in an MS Access database using Epi Info™3.5.1 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA), with in-built consistency and range checks. The database was converted to SAS® 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) for recoding where necessary and final analyses. Fisher's exact Chi-squared test was used to examine associations of factors. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
The management of TB patients in Zambia has been standardised under guidelines provided by the NTLP . Except for the seriously ill and identified multidrug resistant (MDR) cases, TB patients are treated on an ambulatory basis. Patients are instructed to pick up medication at TB treatment centres once or twice a week during the intensive phase and once monthly during the continuation phase. The national guidelines stipulate that treatment during the intensive phase should be under direct observation by a trained treatment supporter - usually a relative, while the continuation phase can be self-administered but with monthly supervision from the health centre. Patient education is an important aspect of TB treatment management and is also included in the guidelines to improve cure rates and compliance. Further, as part of patient monitoring and follow up, microscopy is to be repeated at 2, 5 and 8 months. To ensure and improve compliance to sputum follow-up, it is the duty of treatment centres to (1) ensure patients make follow-up visits and submit sputum specimens as required (2) deliver sputum specimens to the nearest diagnostic centre for microscopy and (3) collect microscopy results from diagnostic centres and make available to patients for appropriate care. Patients do not visit diagnostic centres themselves.
The following concepts were used to make analysis.
Respondents that reported to have completed eight months of taking medication without interruption, and submitted sputum at least twice post diagnosis - one time point being at eight months - were considered to have adhered to the treatment programme.
Caregivers that were reported by the respondents to have enquired about patient's TB history, provided patient information (on TB disease and its treatment, how to take medication, the requirement to submit follow-up sputum during treatment and the importance of submitting follow-up sputum), and gave the patient an opportunity to ask questions, were considered to have adhered to the TB treatment guidelines.
Respondents that were able to name the correct mode of TB transmission, at least two correct symptoms of TB and knew the importance of treatment completion and sputum submission were considered to be knowledgeable about the disease and its treatment.
Health centre delivery systems were considered to be adequate if respondents reported that: the distance to the health centre was less than 30 minutes walk from their home, he/she was commenced on TB treatment not more than 5 days post laboratory diagnosis, and he/she used the same clinic for follow-up treatment and follow-up sputum submission.
Approval for the study protocol was obtained from the Ethics Committee at TDRC. Approval and support were also obtained from the Director of the NDHMT. Consenting respondents were asked to sign an informed consent following an explanation of the study. Interviewers were not part of the health care system. Respondents were assured of anonymity and confidentiality.
Basic Respondent socio-demographic characteristics are shown in Table 1. Other results showed that 68% of respondents waited for one month or more since the onset of symptoms before going to the health centre. When asked why they waited that long, most of the respondents (76%) thought the symptoms will go away. The most common response for how they coped with symptoms prior to visiting the health centre was self-treatment (64%). Most of the respondents (98%) only presented at the health centre when they were feeling very sick. When asked if they suspected that they had TB, 30 respondents (29%) responded in the affirmative. However, 73% of these respondents still waited for at least one month before going to the health centre.
When respondents were asked if they had stopped taking their medication at some point during treatment, 22% said yes, and the most common reason for stopping was that the respondent felt better (55%). Among respondents that were asked the number of times they submitted sputum after initiation of treatment, 32% reported submitting sputum at three time points, 25% at two time points, whilst 43% submitted sputum only once post treatment initiation. Two thirds (67%) of the respondents reported submitting sputum at the end of treatment, (eight months). Adherence to treatment of respondents is shown in Table 2 (A).
The majority of respondents (84%) confirmed that they were asked if they had suffered from TB previously before commencement of TB treatment. To the questions enquiring whether the health-worker explained how to take the medication and whether the instructions were clear, nearly all responded favourably. When asked if the health worker informed them at the initiation of treatment that they would have to submit more sputum samples during treatment, 53% said yes; all of whom reported that the health centre staff explained to them the importance of submitting follow-up sputum specimens. Forty-nine (47%) respondents reported that they were given an opportunity to ask questions for clarifications. Table 2 (B) shows performance of caregivers' adherence to treatment guidelines.
When asked to name some symptoms of TB, a significant proportion of the respondents (78%) was able to mention at least two symptoms, with cough being the most identified symptom (89%). A considerable number (69%) of the respondents correctly knew the mode of transmission of TB, however, 13% incorrectly cited using the same utensils. Knowledge of the importance of completing medication for eight months was high (89%) but knowledge for the importance of submitting follow-up sputum was lower (55%). Ninety-one percent of the respondents reported that they knew they were cured of their last TB episode, but when asked how they knew they were cured, reasons ranged from feeling better (80%), the fact that they took medication for eight months (15%), to that laboratory results were negative (4%). Table 2 (C) shows performance of respondents with regards to knowledge and awareness of TB. Most respondents (71%) did not suspect that they had TB despite the large number (85%) naming cough as one of the symptoms they experienced.
TB treatment centres appeared relatively close to the respondents' homes: 80% lived within 30 minutes walk, 18% lived within an hour's walk and 2% said it was too far to walk and needed to take a bus. Respondents were also asked how long after being diagnosed with TB it took before starting medication; all the respondents reported that they were started on treatment within one week of diagnosis, with 86% starting within two days.
When respondents were asked if they had used the same clinic for their follow-up visits and drug collection throughout treatment, affirmative responses were 87%. Respondents were further asked if they had submitted their follow-up sputum samples to the same clinic they went for reviews and collected drugs from, and 73% said yes. Table 2 (D) shows performance of health centres with regards to access as reported by the respondents.
The results showed that, using our conceptual framework, respondents' adherence to treatment was not only significantly associated with respondent's knowledge about the disease and its treatment (p < 0.0001), but also with reported caregivers' adherence to treatment guidelines (p = 0.0027) and reported adequate healthcare systems access (p < 0.0001) (Table 3).
Respondent adherence associations to Caregiver adherence, Respondent knowledge and Health system accessibility (N = 105).
*P values are based on Fisher's exact chi square test.
Further analyses showed that caregivers explaining the importance and schedule of follow-up sputum submission was significantly associated with respondents' adherence to sputum submission as required (p < 0.0001), but not with respondents' completing medication for eight months (p = 0.0562).
The success of a national TB program is multi-faceted and complex. Community awareness; patients' adherence to treatment; patient access to quality of care through competent healthcare staff who are able to provide quality of care through prompt diagnosis and referral, prescription of correct treatment regimens and treatment follow-up; and accessible TB services, are important components of a successful TB program.
Consequently, it is important that people in communities are aware and able to suspect TB in persons who show signs and symptoms suggestive of the disease, such as prolonged cough, persistent fevers, and weight loss. Maybe not surprising, as previous TB patients our respondents showed a good level of knowledge on the symptoms and modes of transmission of TB, attributable to caregiver education during treatment. However, our study revealed vast differences in knowledge regarding the importance of treatment completion compared to knowledge of the importance of follow-up sputum submission; whereas, nearly 90% knew the importance of treatment completion, only 57% knew the importance of the latter, reflective of the low importance given to the relevance of education on this issue. Similarly, other studies have shown that most TB patients know the importance of treatment completion [7–9]. According to our conceptual framework, overall knowledge of the disease was low, mainly due to the low knowledge gap in the role of sputum microscopy in TB treatment by the respondents.
Despite the high knowledge levels of TB symptoms shown in our study, most respondents not only, reported not to have suspected they had TB, but also reported that they delayed seeking care (even when they suspected they had TB). Whereas it is possible that respondents were truly unaware of TB symptoms prior to TB treatment, several other studies have shown that there are various reasons why patients delay seeking care at a health centres. Loss of income, health centre systems or staff attitudes, stigma of the HIV association, severity of disease, lifestyle, for example, alcohol abuse, are among the many explanations [9–13]. The most common reasons in our study, 'I was thinking the symptoms will go away' or 'I did not think it was serious' also appear to be common in different settings [8, 12]. This may be reflective of the commonly practiced self-treatment, which may ameliorate initial symptoms thus temporarily masking the severity of disease and consequently 'buy them time' to continue with their daily income generating endeavours. Only 17% of our study population were in formal employment suggesting that for most respondents an income was dependent on their daily efforts and therefore may not afford the time at the health centre. Further, the period of the study, were the early days of scaling up of free antiretroviral therapy in Zambia and so people may still have been feeling helpless against HIV infection.
Our results showed that only 47% of respondents reported to have submitted follow-up sputum at least twice post diagnosis and that 67% reported submitting follow-up sputum at the end of treatment. These results may be cause for concern because sputum re-examination at the end of the patient's treatment is a much stronger indicator of treatment success than 'treatment completion. Further, data in one of our studies in this population, has shown that among subjects who experienced another episode of TB within one year of completing treatment, there were more who harboured the same M. tuberculosis strain as that of the previous episode (relapses/treatment failures) than those that had a different strain (re-infection) (unpublished data). Furthermore, our study showed a high proportion of respondents taking of drugs for the complete period of treatment (89%) with a notable proportion (22%) reporting stopping medication at some point during treatment. Over half (55%) cited that they stopped because they were feeling better, similar to many other studies [14, 8, 15].
The role of the health worker on patient compliance has been described many times [16–18]. Patient counselling and good communication [19, 20] can improve patient compliance. Our study showed high levels of patient satisfaction when it came to health provider explanation regarding medication. However, we did not see the same positive response with regards to health provider explanation on the role of follow-up sputum submission. Only about half of the respondents reported that they were informed about the requirement (53%) and importance (54%) of submitting follow-up sputum. In fact, these two parameters were shown to be significantly associated with respondent adherence (p < 0.0001 for both). A study in Egypt demonstrated that adherence to recommended sputum smear microscopy schedule was significantly associated with treatment success . Our study also showed that respondent adherence to treatment was significantly associated with respondent's knowledge about the disease and its treatment (p < 0.0001) in contrast to other studies [22, 8].
Moreover, caregivers' communication skills fell short on account of dialogue, giving the patient a chance to ask questions, an important aspect in patient management that ensures patient understanding of disease and treatment. The effects of non-dialogue counselling were demonstrated in a study in Madagascar where reported lack of opportunity to ask questions by patient was significantly associated with non-adherence .
Other features of the health system, like distance, convenience of TB services (microscopy, antiretroviral treatment services), how long it takes to see the clinician, prompt diagnosis and referral of TB patients presenting with TB-related symptoms at primary health care facilities, may have an effect on patient access to healthcare. Distance to the health centre for this population was not an issue. Delays in the commencement of treatment have been documented in some settings , our study, however, showed that all the respondents were given medication within one week of diagnosis, with 84% commencing treatment within two days post laboratory diagnosis. The NTLP in Zambia has given full responsibility of sputum transportation plus obtaining and communicating results for each patient, to the treatment centres. This not only reduces on the number of patients, who remain undiagnosed following initial health centre visit, but also removes the inconvenience and added travel costs from the patients. The majority of our respondents reported that they used the same treatment centre for sputum submission. Our results indicate that facility-service related factors may not be the main issue in patients' access to TB care in Ndola, unlike the study from KwaZulu-Natal where systems failure was reported as contributing to the ineffectiveness of the National Tuberculosis Program .
Admittedly, because this study asked questions about past events, participants' recall may have biased our results. In addition, since the interview was anonymous to ensure complete confidentiality, we were not able to go back to the patient's data files to verify the self-reported data. Nevertheless, the implied cure rate for this sample population is comparable to the average cure rate data for the same period from Ndola. Another limitation for this study is that we did not establish from the respondents how long it took for laboratory results to be available for diagnosis, a factor that could well contribute to delay in TB patient care. However, enquiries from TB focal persons indicated a turnaround time for lab results ranging from the same day to a week. Further, our study did not include all components of TB treatment and care in the National Guidelines and consequently, other components that contribute to this package have not been discussed. Lastly, it is well known that respondents usually consider the interviewer to represent authority or the healthcare system and therefore tend to bias their answers in the way they expect they should to please the interviewer. Consequently, although the study made efforts to use researchers from outside the respondents' healthcare system, it is difficult to completely remove this perception in communities.
In conclusion, TB treatment systems appear to be well in place in NDHMT. However, taken together, these results suggest that closer monitoring systems on guidelines adherence at health centres may need strengthening and more patient counselling on treatment of disease and importance of sputum submission may improve cure rates.
This study was supported by funds from a grant of the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation (DGDC) from which Chanda Mulenga is a scholarship recipient, and the Damien Action, Brussels, Belgium. We would like to thank, the two research assistants from TDRC, Joyce W Mulenga and Victoria Luo for their hard work in questionnaire administration, the NDHMT, and the TB Focal Persons in the participating health centres for the assistance in implementation of the study. We also acknowledge Webster Kasongo for his useful contributions to the manuscript.
CM was involved in the design and implementation of the study, and drafted the manuscript.
ICS conceived and designed the study and critically revised the manuscript. HM, DK and KV performed statistical analysis and critically revised the manuscript. SK and NK critically revised original study design and the manuscript. LR supervised the implementation and critically revised the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.


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Chepstow Musical Youth Theatre
Easter Workshops
Slideshow of Photos
Legally Blonde - The Musical (2017)
Camp Rock (2016)
Little Red Riding Hood (2015)
Anything Goes (2015)
The Crucible (2013)
Oklahoma! (2012)
The Little Mermaid (2012)
CMYT: The Movie
Join CMYT
About CMYT
Introduction to CMYT
Chepstow Musical Youth Theatre was started in 2001 by former professional opera singer Craig Downes, who remains patron of the company. Craig's intention was (and is) to provide a means of teaching practical musical theatre skills through performance-driven teaching. CMYT was quite small at inception, but has grown stronger each year. Today there are more than 80 students in four groups aged between 6 and 19 (Year 2 and up).
"CMYT is for every child in the Chepstow area who wants to be exceptional, and to pursue excellence in performing," says Craig. "Not everyone can sing or dance well, but there are always parts for non-singers in shows. We also teach stage management, lighting and sound. It is a very enviable position to be in, to choose your pupils, and we attract more young performers each year."
CMYT normally puts on two musicals and an annual review each year in Chepstow and other local towns: venues have included the Drill Hall and Chepstow School, local churches and Lydney Town Hall. The shows always attract a large and enthusiastic audience - local fans of theatre and musicals, as well as friends and family of the casts.
The company also takes part in concerts and carol singing at Christmas, and runs week-long courses through the school summer holidays. Recent summer schools have included 'Glee', 'Hairspray from scratch' and 'Swinging Shakespeare.'
Highlights from previous years' shows include a production of 'Camelot' in Chepstow Castle in 2006. "The setting had a very authentic feel to it," says Craig. "The production was also very strongly cast."
In 2008 we performed a very successful 'West Side Story' in Cormeilles in Normandy - Chepstow's twin town.
"Musical theatre is an art form that uses all the various artistic disciplines, and can be done to a lesser or greater degree successfully at any age," says Craig. "The huge range of requirements gives every youngster a sense of inclusion whatever their gifts. Music frees them up to express themselves in a way that straight drama invariably fails to."
CMYT has advantages over school productions. "We get to choose from the best talent in the area," says Craig. "I always double cast and have understudies in the leading roles as well. It doubles the number of opportunities to perform, and to shine. Healthy rivalry is good for the development of skills, and develops character and determination, the result of which is confidence and success in whatever the children go on to do in later life."
'Camelot' (2006, Chepstow Castle)
'The Wizard Of Oz' (2005)
'Fiddler On The Roof' (2009)
Please find contact details below. We hope to see you soon!
info@cmyt.org

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bank of McCrory
Mccrory, AR
Bank of McCrory is a Mccrory, AR-based, FDIC-insured bank dating back to 1903. Regulatory filings show the bank having equity of $8.6 million on $79,031,000 in assets, as of June 30, 2017.
Thanks to the efforts of 15 full-time employees, the bank holds loans and leases worth $24.1 million, including real estate loans of $8.4 million. U.S. bank customers currently have $70.4 million in deposits with the bank.
Overall, Bankrate believes that, as of June 30, 2017, Bank of McCrory exhibited a good condition, earning 4 out of 5 stars for safety and soundness. Keep reading for a breakdown of how the bank did on the three key criteria Bankrate used to evaluate American banks.
Capital acts as a bulwark against losses and as protection for accountholders when a bank is experiencing economic instability. It follows then that a bank's level of capital is a key measurement of a bank's financial fortitude. When looking at safety and soundness, more capital is better.
On our test to measure capital adequacy, Bank of McCrory received a score of 12 out of a possible 30 points, falling short of the national average of 13.38.
One important measure of this buffer is a bank's Tier 1 capital ratio. Bank of McCrory's Tier 1 capital ratio was 25.35 percent, higher than the 6 percent level regulators consider adequate, and exceeding the national average of 25.16 percent. The higher the capital ratio, the better the bank will be able to stand up to financial challenges.
Overall, Bank of McCrory held equity amounting to 10.90 percent of its assets, which was lower than the national average of 12.10 percent.
This test's purpose is to try to understand how the bank's capitalization and allocated loan loss reserves could be affected by troubled assets, such as past-due loans.
Having extensive holdings of these kinds of assets could eventually force a bank to use capital to cover losses, diminishing its equity buffer. Many of those assets are also likely to be in non-accrual status and no longer earning interest for the bank, resulting in reduced earnings and potentially more risk of a failure in the future.
Bank of McCrory scored 36 out of a possible 40 points on Bankrate's asset quality test, lower than the national average of 37.62.
A widely used indicator of asset quality is the percentage of problem assets a bank holds compared to its total assets. As of June 30, 2017, 7.05 percent of Bank of McCrory's loans were noncurrent, meaning they were more than 90 days past due or were in non-accrual status. That's above the national average of 1.04 percent.
Banks maintain a reserve to handle troubled assets known as an "allowance for loan and lease losses." The size of that reserve can be a helpful indicator when evaluating a bank's ability to manage troubled assets, especially when compared to the total amount of problematic loans. Unfortunately, the FDIC did not provide information on Bank of McCrory's loan loss allowance in its most recent filings.
A bank's profitability affects its safety and soundness. Earnings may be retained by the bank, increasing its capital buffer, or be used to deal with problematic loans, likely making the bank more resilient in tough times. Banks that are losing money, however, are less able to do those things.
Bank of McCrory scored 16 out of a possible 30 on Bankrate's earnings test, falling short of the national average of 16.52.
Return on equity, calculated by dividing net income (profit, basically) by total equity, is one important measure of a bank's earnings. The most recent annualized quarterly return on equity for Bank of McCrory was 7.36 percent, below the national average of 9.28 percent.
For the twelve months ended June 30, 2017, the bank earned net income of $306,000 on total equity of $8.6 million. The bank had an annualized return on average assets, or ROA, of 0.77 percent, below the 1 percent deemed satisfactory in accordance with industry standards and below the average for U.S. banks of 1.14 percent.


Like living fairies, butterflies flutter across flowery meadows on beautiful wings. But put aside your fairy fantasies for a moment and consider that some butterflies drink tears, eat poop, wear false heads, and kill to survive. Here's a little peek into the darker world of butterflies.
1. THEY EAT POOP AND DRINK TEARS.
Butterflies don't just drink nectar from flowers. Many of them consume a whole host of revolting things, from poop to urine to decaying animal flesh. They'll even drink the tears of reptiles to get some much-needed sodium.
Scientists can use these less savory preferences to attract and study butterflies: Researchers trying to attract tropical Skippers will spit on a piece of tissue and put it on the ground, a method known as the Ahrenholz technique [PDF]. Butterflies are attracted to the saliva-soaked tissue because it looks like bird poop, and they stick around because it provides them with sodium and other nutrients. Meanwhile, their presence allows scientists to photograph and collect them.
2. SOME OF THEM ARE CARNIVORES.
Don't worry, you can visit your garden without risking attack from a swarm of predatory butterflies. But some caterpillars kill for a living. Take the ominously named harvester: This North American butterfly lays its eggs on colonies of woolly aphids, and the caterpillars grow up snacking on the aphids, sometimes protecting themselves with the corpses of their victims.
Then there's the moth butterfly of Asia and Australia. Protected by tough outer shells, its caterpillars live in ant nests and eat their larvae. But when the caterpillars become butterflies, they're suddenly soft and vulnerable. They beat a hasty retreat, shedding extra wing scales that stick to their ant pursuers.
3. THEY CAN BE REALLY, REALLY PICKY EATERS.
Say you want to help butterflies, so you plant a beautiful garden full of flowers. Soon, butterflies of all kinds are fluttering around the blossoms. Success! But wait—if you don't have exactly the right plants, those butterflies won't have babies. They'll be genetic dead ends.
That's because some butterfly caterpillars can only eat the leaves of one plant, or one small group of plants. The Karner blue caterpillar, for example, chows down on just one species: wild blue lupine. The monarch butterfly caterpillar eats only the members of a group of plants called the milkweeds. The Hessel's hairstreak consumes Atlantic white cedar, which often grows in threatened wetlands.
A caterpillar's food plants are called host plants—they're the only species that can host the right dinner party for a growing caterpillar. Once the caterpillars turn to butterflies, they may visit many different plants and drink their nectar. But if they don't eventually find the right host plants, they can't have babies, because the female caterpillars will only lay eggs on plants that can serve as hosts. To thrive, butterflies need access to both delicious nectar sources and host plants.
4. THEY USE ANTS AS BABYSITTERS.
Many members of a butterfly family called the Lycaenids, or gossamer-wings, rely on ants to take care of their babies. The caterpillars use special chemicals to attract ants. In some species, such as the Alcon blue, those ants carry the babies back to their nest, and vigorously protect them from parasites, sometimes at the expense of their own kind. This isn't always an ideal arrangement for the ants—the caterpillars may provide nutrients, but some of them will snack on ant larvae. To fight back, some ants slowly alter their communication chemicals over time so that they no longer match the caterpillar's signals—effectively changing the locks on their home. The caterpillars must evolve and keep up or risk being ignored completely.
Once they become adults, the relationship can get even more twisted. One species of butterfly, Adeloptypa annulifera, uses ant babysitters, and once it grows up, it steals food from those same ants. It even looks a lot like an ant. Sneaky.
5. SOME ARE A FOOT LONG.
Butterflies can get pretty big. Some Queen Alexandra's birdwing butterflies have a foot-long wingspan. In contrast, the western pygmy blue has a maximum wingspan of about three-quarters of an inch. Perched on a human finger, it looks ridiculously tiny, even when spreading its wings to their full glorious extent.
6. SOME BUTTERFLIES ARE NOT COLORFUL.
Butterflies come in a rainbow of hues. But some of them have such understated colors that you might think they're moths.
Plenty of butterflies are gray or brown. The gray hairstreak is, well, gray. Arctic butterflies, such as this Jutta arctic, are speckled brown, and are capable of living in remote cold places such as the tundra. The evocatively named dreamy duskywing is also totally brown. Their patterns are lovely if you're a fan of earth tones.
But the ultimate colorless butterflies are just see-through. Really. The wings of some species, such as the glasswinged butterfly, have minute structural characteristics that cause light to pass right through them.
7. SOME HAVE COLORS WE CAN'T SEE.
Butterflies look at the world in a totally different way than we do. Their eyes aren't adapted to see as many fine details as we can. On the other hand, they can perceive colors outside of our visual range, such as ultraviolet. Many of them make ultraviolet pigments in their wings—so they have patterns that are invisible to human eyes. They may use them to help find the right mate.
8. THEY USE FALSE HEADS TO TRICK PREDATORS.
So how can a butterfly encourage a predator to bite its wings and not its head? Some species have false heads on their wings, right next to their butts. These fake heads are a tempting target for spiders and other hunters—especially when a butterfly points its fake head up and wiggles the "antennae." The predator bites the false head, and the butterfly escapes with its real noggin intact, able to fly another day.
9. THEY STEAL AND USE POISONS.
Their heads aren't the only weapons that butterflies wield. Some caterpillars absorb poisons from their food plants and use them against predators. Monarch butterflies, for example, collect milkweed toxins to make themselves less tasty to birds. And remember those foot-wide Queen Alexandra's birdwings? They use the same tactic by munching on a particular toxic vine.
10. SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES MAKE A STINK.
And here's another weapon. When swallowtail butterfly caterpillars are threatened, they stick out a colorful stinky organ called an osmeterium. It looks a little like a snake's tongue and serves to make them seem a lot less tasty to other insects. If you play video games, this might sound familiar: The swallowtail's defensive practice inspired the Pokémon Caterpie, which has a permanently visible osmeterium and defends itself with a powerful odor.
All photos via iStock except where noted.


If I asked you to tell me about yourself, about who you are, what would you tell me? Would you tell me the color of your hair, your favorite song, your hobbies, who raised you, what town you grew up in, the schools you went to, your profession? Or would you tell me about the god you pray to, the language your grandparents spoke, the holidays you celebrate, your country of origin, the color of your skin? Would you tell me who you truly are? Let me tell you who I truly am.
Wiragųšge Šibre Wįga hįgaire ną. They call me Shooting Star. That is my Winnebago Ho-Chunk Indian name. My English name is Daunnette Moniz-Reyome. I am 15 years old, I live on the Umonhon Indian Reservation, and I am enrolled in the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. I come from the Bear Clan, the Peacemakers of the tribe. I have grown up everywhere — except my tribe's reservation. I know what society expects of me, but I refuse to limit myself to those expectations.


text:
9th July - Taan Bekro by Saumya Shamra @ India Habitat Centre, Gulmohar Hall, 7 PM IST
Kriti Film Club marks the monsoons with music from the sands of Rajasthan, discovering, celebrating and supporting the cultural heritage of a nomadic tribe of the region.
TAAN BEKRO (MUSIC OF THE SAND)
by Saumya Sharma
Hindi & Marwari with English subtitles
duration 64 mins
A poetic journey of the rendezvous with the nomadic tribe of Rajasthan, commonly known as the Saperas (Snake Charmers) or Kalbeliyas, in a quest to discover their cultural heritage and lifestyle. The film encompasses the vast and beautiful Indian desert into the various ethnic harmonies. This documentary attempts to showcase the problematic isolated lifestyle of this tribe struggling for their existence and social recognition.
Saumya Sharma is an independent documentary/ethnographic filmmaker & creative writer. Her other works include 'Mrigtrishna' on the complex of Nature, Art, Religion & Commercialization; 'Zardozi - The Golden Thread' on Zardozi embroidery and 'Phor Thud – The Platoon' on an Indian Army Platoon. She is currently working on an ethnographic film titled 'JaySeva' on the Gond Tribes.
TAAN BEKRO GETS CROWD FUNDED - http://www.thehotstart.in/campaigns/taan-bekro/


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text:
Q: Execute javascript in selenium using php-webdriver-bindings-0.9.0 I'm trying to execute JavaScript in my selenium test suite but it's not working and I get no error feedback. It gracefully accepts whatever I enter as parameters to the execute function and passes the test. The following are combinations I have tried:
class TestingStuff extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {

protected function setUp() {
    $this->webdriver = new WebDriver("localhost", 4444);
    $this->webdriver->connect("firefox");
}

protected function tearDown() {
    $this->webdriver->close();
}

public function testSomething() {
    $this->webdriver->get('http://localhost/testdir/');
    // Here is the execute function
    $this->webdriver->execute('alert', 'Hello');

$this->webdriver->get('http://127.0.0.1/testdir/');
// Here is the execute function
$this->webdriver->execute('alert("Hello")', '');

$this->webdriver->get('http://127.0.0.1/testdir/');
// Here is the execute function
$this->webdriver->execute('javascript:alert("Hello")', '');

$this->webdriver->get('http://localhost/testdir/');
// Here is the execute function
$this->webdriver->execute('alert()', 'Hello');
}

}

This is the function from The "WebDriver" class:
/**
Inject a snippet of JavaScript into the page for execution in the context of the currently   selected frame.
* The executed script is assumed to be synchronous and the result of evaluating the script
* is returned to the client.
* @return Object result of evaluating the script is returned to the client.
*/
public function execute($script, $script_args) {
    $request = $this->requestURL . "/execute";
    $session = $this->curlInit($request);
    $args = array('script' => $script, 'args' => $script_args);
    $jsonData = json_encode($args);
    $this->preparePOST($session, $jsonData);
    $response = curl_exec($session);
    return $this->extractValueFromJsonResponse($response);
}

A: Have a look at
https://github.com/scopium/Work/blob/master/php-webdriver-bindings-0.9.0/test/PHPWebdriverTest.php
public function testExecute() {
    $this->webdriver->get(TEST_URL);
    $result = $this->webdriver->executeScript("return sayHello('unitTest')", array());
    $this->assertEquals("hello unitTest !!!", $result);
}

Is this what you are trying to achieve?
I'm using phpunit-selenium and had a similar issue:
class MyTestClass extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Selenium2TestCase
{
   protected function setUp()
   {
     $this->setBrowser('firefox');
     $this->setBrowserUrl('http://yourdomain.tld');
   }

   public function testScript()
   {
     $this->url('./');
     $this->execute(array('script' => "alert('Hello');", 'args' => array()));
     sleep(3); // Just to see the alert()
   }
}

(Orig. from https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit-selenium/issues/160)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hello and welcome to another sketch from the Atlantic Hearts Sketch Challenge. Today's sketch said it was perfect for a thank you card, of which I need quite a few. I'm behind in sending out cards to family and friends who helped me through my recent surgery. And, it was perfect for the color challenge over at the Color Throwdown Challenge.
To follow the colors of the challenge, I used Crumb Cake (Stampin' Up!), Soft Sky (Stampin' Up!) and Sugar Cube (Taylored Expressions) cardstock. It's a Crumb Cake base with a layer of Sugar Cube and I followed through with it for the squares cut from the Stitched Shapes Framelits Dies (Stampin' Up!) The flowers and the little sprig, were cut out of Crumb Cake and Soft Sky cardstock using the Bloomers 4 Dies (Taylored Expressions) and the Flower Box Sprigs & Flowers Dies (Taylored Expressions). The sentiment is a stamp I received from Taylored Expressions as a thank you when I placed an order. It was the perfect size for the area available to stamp. And, for the finishing touches, I added some Soft Sky Twine and blue sequins.
I'm very pleased with the way the sketch and the colors all came together to make such a clean and simple thank you card.
For all the challenge details and to share your project, visit the Atlantic Hearts Sketch Challenge by clicking the image below. We'd love to have you join us.
Great job on the sketch and I love the soft colors and layering and stitching of your panels...beautiful.
Thanks, Sue! It was a fun one to work with.
I'm in the same boat - owe out so very many cards and desperately trying to catch up before I have to head off again for a period of time. Ha - does anybody make a stamp set that says BELATED and then a whole bunch of add ons like birthday, thanks, get well, congratulations etc. LOLLLL! Beautiful hues to your card - such a gentle thanks which I'm sure will bring warmth to the person on the receiving end. Hoping you have a stellar inspired creative week and get many of your owed out cards made.


text:
Sunway Memories
8:43 PM Outings 4 Comments
I attended Sunway Memories Photography outing last Saturday, it was organised by AMBP.
I love AMBP.
Arrived at 9.30am at Sunway Lagoon surf beach entrance, saw some familiar faces.
Dominic, David, Hurley were all there. After registering, there was a talk / slideshow by a famous news photojournalist. His shots were fantastic, very meaningful.
After that, we headed out for a tour in Sunway Lagoon.
It was my 23921 times in Sunway Lagoon. Had lunch and tour Pyramid and the hotel.
So basically I know what to capture again next time, will be entering a Sunway Photography contest. hehe.
The food was great, my chicken fried rice. sedap!
Sunway's Wildlife Park.
One of my favourite shot - A white parrot.
Group shot before we leave - Group 1.
Just came back from Langkawi leh..
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Welcome to EwinEe.com! This is the place where I share my experience as a blogger who's passion involves traveling, yo-yoing, aircrafts and trying new restaurants and cafés in town!
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Happy Full Moon/Lunar Eclipse in Aquarius.
This moon, this rainy night, everything feels soft and expansive. Gently drawing us into a cycle of evolution. I hope all of you are having a lovely full moon night.
Tonight I'm making a datura flower essence for dream and shadow work. I've been spending time with this plant in my neighborhood for a few years now, and there's a patch I visit almost every night, watching it grow taller and thicker. I've been spotting datura wherever I go all summer, and this finally feels like the time to work with her. I can't quite put her pull into words, but she's wild, crafty, unruly, a sister of Lilith. Beautiful because/despite her danger. An ally in seeing both sides at once. I'm looking forward to getting to know her better.


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text:
Sunbomb (Tracii Guns & Michael Sweet) - "No Tomorrows"
Ο Michael Sweet των Stryper και ο Tracii Guns των L.A. Guns ένωσαν τις (καλλιτεχνικές) δυνάμεις τους και σχημάτισαν τους Sunbomb. Το ντεμπούτο τους τιτλοφορείται "Evil And Divine" κι έχει προγραμματισθεί να κυκλοφορήσει στα μέσα του τελευταίου ανοιξιάτικου μήνα...
Δελτίο τύπου: «Sunbomb is the highly anticipated new musical alliance between two steadfast warriors of the U.S. hard rock/metal scene, Tracii Guns (L.A. Guns) and Michael Sweet (Stryper). They have put together an absolute blinder of a heavy metal album, melding influences of classic metal bands such as Black Sabbath and Judas Priest with Tracii's love of metal subgenres, specifically doom metal.
The band's debut album, "Evil And Divine" is out May 14, 2021. Available on CD/LP/Ltd. Ed. Color LP/Digital. Standard Black vinyl is available from all physical retailers. Limited Edition Red vinyl is available exclusively from the Frontiers' U.S. and EU webstores. Limited Edition Yellow vinyl is available exclusively from Newbury Comics (U.S. customers only).
Initialized and conceived after Serafino Perugino, President and A&R director of Frontiers Music Srl, reached out to Tracii about working on a new musical project for the label, the idea of a classic heavy metal sounding album was born. The music style on "Evil And Divine" is much heavier than what one would expect from these two musicians and is firmly planted in the 'metal' category.
While Tracii wrote the music for the album, the fact that Michael Sweet has been writing / playing in an increasingly heavier style in the latter era, and extremely well-received, Stryper albums made him a very logical choice to sing for the band.
And since doom metal, often known for having powerful singers like Messiah Marcolin from Candlemass, was a massive influence on Tracii's songwriting here, Sweet's ability and range were a perfect match.
Tracii Guns says, "Sunbomb was an idea, then an experiment. When I heard the first vocal completed I was blown away by Michael's voice. It's an exciting album!"
Michael Sweet says, "Hard to believe that I met Tracii for the first time just a few years ago. We hit it off right away and we obviously share the same love for metal. Traci sent me a song and I loved the vibe and then he eventually asked me to sing on the entire album. What I love about it is it's definitely different not only for me, but for Tracii as well. I think fans will love this album and although it's reminiscent of some of the greatest metal bands of the past, it also has a fresh spin to it. I can't wait for everyone to hear it! I'm honored to be a part of it."
Tracii leaked the news of the new project in a March 2019 tweet, where he described the project's debut LP as "the Metal record I would have made when I was 17 years old."
In May 2020, he mentioned on "Trunk Nation With Eddie Trunk" that "The Sunbomb record is really kind of like [L.A. GUNS' 2019 album] 'The Devil You Know' times three. It's more on the heavy side of 'The Devil You Know' album. And Michael Sweet, he's a really fantastic metal singer."
Drums on the album were handled by Tracii's old L.A. Guns bandmate Adam Hamilton and bass was handled by Mitch Davis, with the exception of the track 'They Fought', which features current L.A. Guns bassist Johnny Martin.»
Band: Sunbomb
Lyric video: "No Tomorrows"
Album: "Evil And Divine"
Label: Frontiers Music srl
Format: CD, 12" vinyl, Digital
01. Life
02. Take Me Away
03. Better End
04. No Tomorrows
05. Born To Win
06. Evil And Divine
07. Been Said And Done
08. Stronger Than Before
09. Story Of The Blind
10. World Gone Wrong
11. They Fought
Tracii Guns - Guitars
Michael Sweet - Vocals
Adam Hamilton - Drums
Mitch Davis - Bass
Johnny Martin - Bass (We Fought)
Posted at Παρασκευή, Φεβρουαρίου 26, 2021
Tagged under ΒΙΝΤΕΟ, MAY 2021, MICHAEL SWEET, SUNBOMB


text:
Q: Blackberry SQLite mass delete best practice I have an SQLite database from which I need to delete records periodically.  What is the best way, performance-wise, to do this.  I have an array of unique PK ids.  I've come up with 2 methods:
Using a prepared statement
    int[] ids = {1,2,3,4,5}; //example only, will be built elsewhere
    Database db = null;
    try {
        db = DataConnection.getInstance(); //my class to get the connection instance
        db.beginTransaction();
        Statement st = db.createStatement("DELETE FROM myTable WHERE id = ?");
        st.prepare();
        for (int i=0;i<ids.length;i++) {
            st.bind(1, ids[i]);
            st.execute();
            st.reset();
        }
        db.commitTransaction();
    } catch (FileIOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (DatabaseException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

Or by using the 'in' keyword
    int[] ids = {1,2,3,4,5}; //example only, will be built elsewhere
    Database db = null;
    try {
        db = DataConnection.getInstance();
        //Util.JoinArray(int[] ids,char delim, char prepend, char postpend) returns a String of the ids separated by delim with prepend at the front and postpend at the end
        Statement st = db.createStatement("DELETE FROM myTable WHERE id IN " + Util.joinArray(ids,',','(',')'));
        st.prepare();
    } catch (FileIOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (DatabaseException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

A: The ideal approach would be a combination of the two: a prepared statement of all IDs.
So, avoid SQL injection and use an approach like this (in pseudo-code):
query = "DELETE FROM myTable WHERE id IN (";
for (int i = 0; i < ids.count; i++)
    query.Append("?,");
query.DropLast(); //Remove the last comma
query.Append(")");
st = db.createStatement(query);
st.prepare();
for (int i = 0; i < ids.count; i++)
    st.bind(i+1, ids[i]);

Performance-wise, this might be better as the database will rebalance indexes after all deletes. Working in a transaction and committing once after all individual deletes would do essentially the same, though. The approach I propose is only safer.
As often discussed on SO, SQLite performance varies greatly on various criteria, namely the structure, number of rows, page size, etc. There is no universal "faster in all cases" approach with SQLite. Your mileage will vary.


Sony will start taking pre-orders for the Xperia XZ2 Premium in China on July 11 and will hold a special announcement event for the flagship on July 22 in Guangzhou.
We expected Sony to reveal the shipping date and exact price of the Xperia XZ2 Premium in China today but it just gave us the pre-order dates. Rumors give an estimate of around CNY 6,000/€780/$900 and it may start shipping on July 22, the day of its Chinese induction event.
The Sony Xperia XZ2 Premium will go on sale in the US on July 9 through Amazon and BestBuy for $999 - a steep price only slightly dampened by the inclusion of a free pair of Xperia Ear Duo wireless headphones if you pre-order through Amazon.
While heavyat 236g, the Xperia XZ2 Premium is Sony's best phone yet. It premieres a dual 19MP (f/1.8 25mm lens, 1/2.3" sensor, 1.22µm pixel size) + 12 MP B/W (f/1.6 lens, 1/2.3" sensor, 1.55µm pixel size) camera on the back and has a 5.8-inch 16:9 3840x2160px IPS LCD of ludicrous 760ppi density on the front.


Angie (Buckle) XL button up.
NWT Double layered Calvin Klein med.
New Banana Republic Size 2/33.
😀HUGE SALE 😀Tons of $5.00. New, name brand!
Rock & Republic XL Sweatshirt.
5 for $25.00 Free People XS, sleeveless.
5 for $25.00 American Rag size 1/31.
5 for $25.00 New RUE 21.
Jones New York Black Leather. Excellent condition.
New Natural Flex Naturilizer size 7. 3 inch heel.
1.7 oz unopened Juicy Couture.
Converse (Chuck Taylor) size 8.5 women/6.5 men.
5 for $25.00 New Ruby Dressy Tank.
Joe's 27/31 Curvy Boot cut.


Scholten is a private gallery specializing in Japanese woodblock prints and paintings. We offer ukiyo-e from the 18th to 20th centuries, including shin hanga, sosaku hanga, and Japanese-style woodblock prints produced by Western artists. Located in a spacious suite in the old Meurice Hotel, just steps from Central Park South, we enjoy meeting with visitors one on one in order to best learn about your interests and share the collection with you.


text:
SoundCloud Go Launches In UK & Ireland For Ad-Free Streaming
5 weeks after launching their first ever subscription service in the US, 'SoundCloud Go' has arrived in the UK and Ireland.
SoundCloud Go is the debut of a paid service for listeners, not artists, on the platform. It launched for American customers on the 29th of March and just over a month later it's spreading to the UK and Ireland.
With SoundCloud Go you get to listen to all your favourite music without advertisements and gain access to more music than on SoundCloud free. For example Kanye West made his much talked about recent album, The Life of Pablo, available on SoundCloud exclusively to Go subscribers.
With over 125 million tracks available to listen to without interruption you can build your own playlists featuring any tracks spanning SoundCloud Go's expansive catalog. For comparison Spotify only has roughly 30 million tracks. On top of all that you can save any of the available tracks for offline listening on mobile devices.
SoundCloud CEO Alexander Ljung spoke on their new subscription offering, saying: "We think of Go as an expanded version of the normal SoundCloud. It's not like a different app or anything, it should feel the same. We tend to have a younger audience. It's less of a spreadsheet and more of a Snapchat in terms of how you actually interact with it.
"It's not so stale, it's not just a utility. It's actually something that's alive. And just the fact that you can now build a playlist, for example, with the new Kanye album and remixes of it that don't exist anywhere else, that's a really special and unique experience. We are bringing a whole new revenue stream to the entire industry by thinking about how we can monetise derivative content."
SoundCloud Go is available now to those in the UK and Ireland for £9.99 a month, or £4.99 a month with a SoundCloud Pro Unlimited account. They haven't given any dates for further expansions of their paid service but told Reuters: "We are planning to roll out to multiple territories this year. We are looking at a couple of years to really take this to the whole world."
RouteNote Artists: If your music is already monetised on SoundCloud then it will be eligible for SoundCloud Go from the beginning. If you haven't yet joined our SoundCloud Network then please login to your account and add your SoundCloud channel to receive monetisation, unlimited uploads, and more.
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The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) has linked up with athlete marketing platform Opendorse in an effort to boost the brand appeal of its players through content sharing on social media.
Swiss tennis star Roger Federer has renewed an endorsement deal with German automotive manufacturer Mercedes-Benz as he today (Monday) returns to the top of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world rankings.
US tennis star Serena Williams has agreed an endorsement deal with the Lincoln division of the Ford Motor Company.


text:
Look! Sean 'Diddy' Combs Launching A Charter School In Harlem
Giving Back! Pharrell Gifts Internships To Entire Graduating Class
Look! 'Stranger Things 3' & Coca-Cola Announce A London-based Pop-Up Arcade
The one and only, Sean 'Diddy' Combs, is back in the news today. This time around with some positive news, giving back to his hometown of Harlem by launching a new charter school in the area. The word comes down today, as the mogul, music producer, actor and much more announced that the Capital Preparatory Harlem Charter School will open in the fall.
The school will be overseen by Capital Prep leader Steve Perry, who founded Capital Prep Magnet School in Hartford, Connecticut. Orlando, Florida-based educator Danita Jones will serve as Principal. Diddy was born in Harlem and grew up in Mount Vernon, New York and said that creating the school is "a dream come true". Speak your mind on the news in the comments below and stay tuned for much more from Diddy coming very soon!
Related Topics:charter school, harlem, news, Sean Diddy Combs
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JQuery is the client-side scripting language and it is based on the HTML DOM model i.e. Hyper Text Markup Language / Document Object Model that is especially designed to simplify the CSS or HTML scripting. Today, JQuery is used by a variety of Companies and this is the reason why demand for JQuery professionals is increasing day by day. In case, you are planning to start an IT career in the JQuery field then this is just the best choice for beginners and experienced both.
In this blog, we will discuss the frequently asked JQuery interview questions for fresher and experienced that are highly suitable for this profile. As this is one of the best scripting languages, so we have compiled a list of questions that are frequently asked by interviewers during an interview.
In this section, we will focus on the basic JQuery Interview Questions that usually asked by fresher and easy to learn as well. If you have a little knowledge of the scripting language then you can answer these questions quickly.
What do you mean by the JQuery and what are the requirements of JQuery?
DO syntax of JQuery is similar to the HTML and XML scripting languages?
Can you name a few methods that can be used to add effects?
What is the importance of $() function in JQuery? Explain in brief.
List some of the common JQuery advantages.
How will you differentiate the class selector and ID selector in the JQuery?
How is the JQuery library loaded with the help of CDN?
How will you explain the class and ID in JQuery?
What is the meaning of grouping in JQuery?
Which operating system is most compatible with the programming language?
How will you differentiate the length and size in JQuery?
What are the Ajax method parameters in JQuery?
What do you mean by the CDN? Explain its types too.
How will you debug in the JQuery? Explain most popular techniques that are used frequently.
What do you mean by the basic selectors? Explain its types too.
In this section, we will discuss the frequently asked JQuery Interview Questions for Experienced. They are suitable for the professionals who have already worked on the platform and looking to change the new job for hikes.
How will you add the face effect in JQuery? Explain based on your past experiences.
How can you add the custom animation in JQuery?
How will you define the read, write, and the delete cookies in JQuery?
Define the chaining and grouping in JQuery.
How will you differentiate the sorting string array and sorting numeric array in the JQuery?
How will define the difference between attr and prop?
How to add the JQuery version in the web page?
What is resize () function in JQuery? Explain its significance too.
Write a basic code to add the JQuery library to the web page.
How many types of selectors are used in JQuery? Explain with example.
In this section for JQuery practical interview questions, we will list the popular questions that are asked to evaluate your practical knowledge on the platform. If you answer these questions effectively then your overall chances of getting hired by top MNCs will increase tremendously.
How will you add images to scroll one over another?
What are the different types of AJAX functions in the JQuery?
What guidelines should be followed by the application for progressive enhancements?
How will you prevent events to work on after AJAX methods?
How will you check an element either it has a specific class or not?
What is significance of box display in animations?
How will you extract a query string with the help of regular expressions?
How will JQuery store the data related to the element?
How will you send a request to server? Explain the common methods with example.
What is plug-in? can you create your own plug-in in JQuery?
If you are applying as a Fresher in the JQuery field then you don't have to go into deep but learn these questions and improve your overall chances of getting hired by Companies.
What is JQuery and how can we use the JQuery in ASP.NET?
How will you add the JQuery code in your application?
How controls could be hidden or showed in the JQuery?
How will you define the Page Title in JQuery?
What are JQuery Connect and AJAX methods?
How will you verify the elements existence in the JQuery?
What do you mean by the empty method in the JQuery?
How will you implement the animation effects in JQuery?
Which method is used to stop or disable the animation in JQuery?


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L'adjectif tudesque est un mot utilisé en français depuis le  pour désigner tout ce qui est d'origine germanique (le mot est apparenté à l'allemand Deutsch « allemand », et à l'italien Tedesco, de même sens), voire dans un second sens ce qui se réfère au Haut Moyen Âge germanique.

L'ancien français présentait les formes tiois (masc.) et tiesche (fém.), conservées aujourd'hui sous les formes thiois et thioise. En outre, l'expression « faire une chose à la tudesque » est péjorative et signifie qu'on la fait de manière rustre ou grossière.

Étymologie comparée
Le radical de l'adjectif allemand deutsch (vieux haut allemand diutisc) provient du germanique *þiudiskaz (formé de *þeudō (« peuple », « nation ») suffixé en *-iskaz (allemand -isch ; anglais -ish), que l'on peut traduire par « populaire » ou « national ». Le mot était utilisé en anglais et en allemand pour désigner la langue du peuple différente du latin ou des langues romanes ; on les qualifiait de « barbares  ».

Le même étymon germanique se retrouve dans le néerlandais duits, et en danois, norvégien et suédois sous la forme tysk.

L'adjectif anglais Dutch a la même origine mais par emprunt lexical et non par filiation directe. Le mot *þeudō est devenu þēōd, ðēōd, ðīōd en vieil anglais et s'est conservé jusqu'au moyen anglais sous la forme thede, mais a été remplacé par les équivalents romans people et nation. Le mot Dutch a été repris au moyen néerlandais ou au moyen bas allemand duutsch, et, après avoir eu le sens d'« allemand », a évolué sémantiquement pour signifier « néerlandais »<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Dutch Online Etymological Dictionary], entrée Dutch.</ref>. Le nom Dutchman veut encore dire Néerlandais en bon anglais. Aux États-Unis, cet adjectif est aussi utilisé pour désigner les Amish vivant dans les Appalaches, appelés les « Pennsilfaanisch » (Pennsylvaniens), originaires du Palatinat, de la Suisse alémanique et d'Alsace. En revanche, l'adjectif duits, qui en néerlandais correspond à l'anglais Dutch, a le sens d'« allemand ».

 Emprunts latins et romans
Ce mot germanique a été adapté en latin médiéval (on pense notamment au texte écrit en teudisca lingua, opposée à la romana lingua, des Serments de Strasbourg de 842) et dans les langues romanes.

L'italien utilise aujourd'hui tedesco au sens d'« allemand » dans ses principales acceptions françaises actuelles. Tedesco, masculin singulier, devient tedesca au féminin singulier et tedeschi / tedesche au pluriel masculin / féminin respectivement.

Le français utilise les dérivés variés qui recouvrent des réalités distinctes : thiois (ou tiois), hérité de l'ancien français (ancien féminin t(h)iesche, substantif Thieux : Allemand), qui s'est restreint aujourd'hui à un sens surtout linguistique ; et tudesque, emprunté à l'italien. Le suffixe -ois / ancien féminin -esche est lui aussi emprunté au proto-germanique et servait essentiellement à créer des adjectifs de nationalité  : anglois (anglais) ; irois (irlandais) ; e(s)painois (espagnol) ; danois ; suédois ; etc. Certains se sont conservés, d'autres ont été remplacés par le suffixe -ais d'origine latine (-ense).

Les termes tudesque et teuton partagent sans doute la même étymologie germanique, bien que d'autres préfèrent pour ce dernier une étymologie celtique, à cause de la consonne latine t notant la consonne occlusive initiale sourde [t], au lieu du digramme th pour rendre compte de la consonne fricative dentale sourde þ [θ]. Le terme germanique a très bien pu passer par une forme celtique intermédiaire, et on sait, par ailleurs, que les Romains qui ne parlaient pas le germanique avaient souvent recours à des interprètes parlant celtique dans leurs relations avec les Germains qui ne savaient pas le latin mais maîtrisaient le celtique, langue véhiculaire d'une grande partie de l'Europe avant qu'elle soit supplantée par le latin. Quoi qu'il en soit, le terme celtique touta / teuta désignant la tribu est apparenté au terme germanique. Voir à ce sujet l'introduction de l'article Teuton.

L'expression langue tudesque'' désigne parfois l'ancien francique.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Thiois

Peuple germanique
Langue au haut Moyen Âge

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Би́та, рідше би́тка, бито́к — спортивний прилад, призначений для відбивання м'яча в деяких іграх, таких як гилка, бейсбол, софтбол, крикет, раундерз та ін.

Види

Бита для бейсболу
Бейсбольна бита має круглий переріз, товстіша з одного кінця приблизно до середини. До другого кінця вона звужується руків'ям, яке тримають обома руками. Довжина стандартної бити — 106, 7 см (42 дюйми), діаметр у найтовстішій частині — 7 см (2,75 дюйма).

Бита для гилки
Бита для гилки часто називається просто «палицею» і являє собою товстий дерев'яний стрижень. Бита для російської гилки (лапти) має аналогічну форму, але гравці віком до 12 років можуть використовувати бити лопатеподібної форми.

Бита для крикету
Бита для крикету має форму лопаті або лопатки, пласкої з одного боку і спорядженої трикутним виступом з другої. Виступ грає роль ребра жорсткості. Руків'я циліндричної форми, звичайно покрите тканиною або гумою. Довжина бити — не більш ніж 97 см (38 дюймів), ширина — не більш ніж 10,8 см (4,25 дюйма).

Бита для раундерзу
Бита для раундерзу має циліндричну форму.

Зброя

Останнім часом спостерігають тривожну тенденцію використовувати бейсбольні бити не за прямим призначенням, а як холодну зброю ударно-розріблювальної дії. Так, у 2013 році українські інтернет-магазини пропонували широкий вибір бит за ціною від 30 до 200 гривень. У рекламному описі навіть можна було натрапити на такі слова: «Алюмінієва бита — чудовий подарунок спортсмену, начальнику і взагалі будь-якому чоловікові. Це потрібна річ вдома і незамінний предмет в автомобілі!». В інтернет-пошуковиках запит «бита як зброя», «бита как оружие» видає тисячі результатів. Незважаючи на випадки злочинів з використанням бит, згідно з чинним законодавством України, бити не належать до холодної зброї, тому ніяких письмових дозволів (наприклад, посвідчення члена бейсбольного клубу) для посідання нею не вимагається. Тим не менш, в Україні повідомляють про випадки порушення кримінальних справ за виявлення бит у водіїв автомобілів.

Примітки

Спортивне обладнання
Спортивні терміни
Палиці
Киї
Ударна зброя


Cheyenne Station Apartments, located in East Cheyenne, WY is designed for individuals and families needing a warm beautiful home at an affordable rate. Our flexible rental rates are sure to fit your family's financial needs. Cheyenne Station Apartments offers one, two, and three bedroom apartments to fit your family's size, with all utilities for the home included. We offer a newly remodeled laundry room facility with state of the art machines. Enjoy our updated neighborhood with access to the Greenway Trail, public transportation, beautiful parks, and a new elementary school just one block away.
Here at Cheyenne Station Apartments we strive for the old fashion sense of community where neighbors take care of neighbors, and you can call it home. Multiple activities occur throughout the year including BBQ/potlucks, neighborhood block parties, community water fights, garage sales, holiday egg hunts, and so much more!


Once included as part of Custer National Forest, Little Missouri National Grassland is a 1,028,784-acre property in western North Dakota. It's the largest National Grassland in the Forest Service system and it completely surrounds the three units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Little Missouri National Grassland is administered as part of the Dakota Prairie Grasslands out of an office in Bismark. There are two ranger offices near the grassland: one in Watford City, the other in Dickinson.
At one time, most of the land included in Little Missouri National Grassland was homesteaded but when the "dirty 30's" hit, many of the homesteaders were forced to sell their land to the Federal Land Bank for as little as $2 per acre. Being a mix of remote open prairie and heavily eroded badlands, the landscape didn't lend itself well to farming or cattle ranching. Looking at today's usual map of the grassland, it's hard to tell that there are significant private holdings inside the boundaries as displayed on the map: not every homesteader sold their land as some were somehow on better land and were able to continue working their farms and ranches for a profit. There are also significant chunks of state-owned land inside those boundaries. Further complicating things are the grazing leases that cover most of the National Grassland: whoever holds the lease controls access to the land.
White Butte, the highest point in North Dakota, is located in the far southeast corner of the grassland, south of the town of Amidon.


Falcon Scott is Captain Scott's only Grandson, and son of Sir Peter Scott, well known wildlife conservationist, founder of the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, and co-founder of WWF. After a period based in Yorkshire as an engineer and representative for a pipe lining company, Falcon set up as a self-employed builder, designing and building houses and extensions. In 2012 he spent 5 weeks as an Antarctic Heritage Trust conservation carpenter working on his grandfather's Terra Nova Expedition Hut at Cape Evans along with a team of experts from around the world. As Captain Scott's main family representative, Falcon was involved with events in 2012 to celebrate the Centenary of the Terra Nova Expedition, including a visit to the South Pole with the American Antarctic Program. Falcon Scott is an artist, and during recent years has been inspired to capture the beauty of Antarctic landscapes and wildlife.
After transiting the Beagle Channel and passing the islands of Tierra del Fuego, we head northeast toward the Falkland Islands. We keep a lookout for marine mammals such as dolphins and whales. The ship's stabilizing fins provide comfort in the event of rough seas.
The remote and sparsely-populated Falkland Islands are a birders' paradise. We anticipate visiting one or more of the isolated outer islands where large colonies of penguins and albatross are easily accessible. The Falklands are also a great place to observe marine mammals. Fur seals and elephant seals can be found on sandy beaches while the waters in and around the archipelago are home to various whale and dolphin species. Our route and exploration opportunities are dependent on weather among these windswept islands.
We also intend to visit Stanley, the charmingly British capital of the Falkland Islands. Attractions within pleasant walking distance along the waterfront promenade include the Falkland Islands Museum, the governor's house, a cathedral with impressive whalebone arch outside, a war memorial, quality gift shops, pubs, and views of shipwrecks in the harbor.


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lucy heartfilia voice actor
Name: Lucy Heartfilia Alias: Princess Gender: Female Classification: Human, Mage Age: 17-18 Height: 158 cm (5'2") Weight: 47 kg (103 lbs.) https://rwby.fandom.com/wiki/Cherami_Leigh_Kuehn?oldid=1113709. She voiced Komaru Naegi in Danganronpa games. Eye Color: Brown Hair Color: Blonde Status: Alive Powers and Abilities: Weapons: Fleuve d'étoiles Class: Attack Potency: Street level by herself or with Cancer, Wall level with Virgo and Sagittarius, Small Building level with Scorpio, Large Building level with Taurus and Aries, City Block level with Capricorn, Multi-City Block lev… Fire, Water, Earth, Light, Dark element damage 30% up for 3 turns to the ally with highest Fire, Water, Earth, Light, Name: Lucy Heartfilia Alias: Princess Race: Human Gender: Female Age: 17-18 Height: 158 cm (5'2") Weight: 47 kg (103 lbs.) Human - Magic - Skill: Urano Metria: All stats 15% up for 3 turns to all allies. Cherami Leigh Kuehn (born July 19, 1988, Texas) is an American actress and voice actress who works for FUNimation Entertainment, Bang Zoom! Posted by 12 days ago. However, in the year X791 she appears to keep her hair up more often in pigtails. Name: Lucy Heartfilia Alias: Princess Age: 17-18 Race: Human Gender: Female Height: 158 cm (5'2") Weight: 47 kg (103 lbs.) (Los Angeles), and Ocean Group (Vancouver). Voiced most times by Cherami Leigh, Aya Hirano. She provides voices for a number of English-language versions of Japanese anime and video games with Funimation, Viz Media, Bang Zoom! All Stats 15% Up for 3 turns to all allies. Sorry Natsu. Who do you want to hear next? Make sure you comment, rate, & subscribe for more content. As a celestial wizard, Lucy uses magic… She is buxom, and has a curvaceous body, possessing large bouncy breasts, thick thighs, and fat, round buttocks. Name: Lucy Heartfilia Alias: Princess Age: 17 Classification: Human, Mage of Fairy Tail Affiliation: Fairy Tail, Team Natsu Gender: Female Height: 158 cm (5'2") Weight: 47 kg (103 lbs.) DISCUSSION. Affiliation: Fairy Tail. She is a member of the … If Fairy Tail is re-dubbed in English, it would be dubbed by Studiopolis, New Generation, Bang Zoom! Cherami Leigh Kuehn C - Control: The Money of Soul and Possibility, Magia Record: Puella Magi Madoka Magica Side Story. Just realized Makoto is Lucy Heartfilia's voice actress. 4 comments. FairyLucy_Heartfilia Profile - Voice Actor Voice Actress She is best known for her anime dub work with FUNimation Studios. Lucy Heartfilia with Natsu Dragneel and Erza Skarlet has sing The lost one's weeping in the Blind Auditions of The voice M2L. ィ・ハートフィリア, Hepburn: RÅ«shii Hātofiria) is a fictional character and protagonist of the Fairy Tail manga series created by Hiro Mashima. American Lucy is a bit of a diva who takes exceptional pride in her looks and Magic skill. Born Lucy is a young girl of average height who has shoulder-length blonde hair that is usually tied by ribbons in a variety of colors in a small ponytail to the right side of her head with the rest of the hair loose, and dark brown eyes. She is married to voice actor Jon Christie. Sword Art Online: Alicization – War of Underworld, The Asterisk War: The Academy City on the Water, World Break: Aria of Curse for a Holy Swordsman, One Piece: Episode of East Blue - Luffy and His Four Friends' Great Adventure, A Certain Magical Index: The Miracle of Endymion, Mobile Suit Gundam: Thunderbolt: Bandit Flower, Mobile Suit Gundam: Thunderbolt: December Sky, Steins;Gate: The Movie − Load Region of Déjà Vu, Sword Art Online The Movie: Ordinal Scale, xxxHolic The Movie: A Midsummer Night's Dream, Violet Evergarden: Eternity and the Auto Memory Doll, The Disastrous Life of Saiki K.: Reawakened, https://animevoiceover.fandom.com/wiki/Cherami_Leigh?oldid=303250. Cherami Leigh is the English dub voice of Lucy Heartfilia in Fairy Tail, and Aya Hirano is the Japanese voice. 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lucy heartfilia voice actor 2020


text:
Student Experience Newsletter »
Workplace Option: Sports Massage
Talk the Talk: Massage therapists in a sports massage environment are going to need a better-than-average understanding of anatomy and physiology, along with kinesiology, pathology and orthopedic assessment. You are going to have to be able to communicate with other members of the sports health care team using correct anatomic terminology and descriptions. "We also have to understand the different between sprain and strain, severity and stage of healing, and treatment and rehabilitation," says Pat Archer, licensed massage therapist and certified athletic trainer in Seattle, Washington.
Research, Research, Research: Being well-versed in the latest research is also an important aspect of working in sports massage. You need to be aware of research that is evidence of what massage therapy can do while steering clear of the gray areas, or the theories that haven't been proven—or worse, have been disproved. Archer gives the following example: talking about how massage therapy helps remove or break up lactic acid, which is something, according to Archer, many in the sports health care field have known isn't true for decades. "We lose credibility when we continue to make claims that other sports health care professionals know to be erroneous or misleading," she adds.
Be Specific About the Benefits: There are a lot of well-supported benefits surrounding massage therapy, such as improved sleep patterns, identifying areas of tension and soreness and addressing them before injury occurs, as well as improving range of motion and reducing muscle spasms and cramps. Focus your attention on these effects of massage therapy, as they're particularly relevant to a sports massage environment.
Understand the Sport: Archer is clear about the fact that you don't have to be an expert—or play—the sport you work within, but you do have to have some idea about how it's done. "Therapists need to know about the training regimen and competitive practices of the sport so they can ask relevant questions," she advises. Also helpful is having a basic understanding of the athletes' training schedules. When do they do weights? What do the aerobic workouts look like, and when do the athletes taper or intensify training? Knowing this information helps practitioners know when massage therapy will be most effective.
For more information, check out the following resources:
The Girl Factor
Practicing Sports Massage
"I chose AMTA because they are committed to advancing the profession."
—Jackie R. , AMTA member since 2011