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by Karl Burnett Leave a Comment
The Royal Navy Develops a Maintenance Management System, 1624-1670
1624 – Monson's Tracts Describe Basic Asset Management
In 1585 at the age of 16, William Monson ran away to sea as a privateer. Later, in the English Navy, he served during the defeat of the Spanish Armada. He was a ship captain, squadron commander, admiral, and eventually a member of parliament. Wikipedia quotes the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica in calling him the "first naval officer in the modern sense of the word." Monson is most famous as an early historian of the Royal Navy.
Monson's Tracts are a collection of essays written between 1624 and his death in 1643. The essays were not printed until 1682 and were finally published in 1704. The Tracts contain detailed accounts of the Royal Navy's battles, tactics, voyages, and expeditions.
Monson's Tracts also recorded the management structure of the dockyards, duties of specific positions, and some repair management practices of the late 1620s to 1630s. Monson criticized graft, waste, and bad management that reduced the navy's capabilities.
Fixed Asset Inventories
Monson wrote that the Surveyor of the navy was responsible for an annual survey of all the ships, boats, wharves, and dockyard facilities. The survey included the condition of each asset and the cost to repair it. Shipwrights and other technical specialists assisted the Surveyor with this inventory. (Monson's Tracts, p. 323 of the 1704 edition)
A clerk reporting to the Surveyor had to conduct an assessment of a ship's hull and stores whenever a ship returned from sea in order to plan for repair. If a ship had to enter a port that was not its normal home and did not have government repair facilities, the surveyor was to travel to the ship to make an assessment of the repair. The priority was to return the ship to the normal dockyard for a permanent repair. (Monson p. 324)
The requirement for a written hull survey upon return to port would be retained in Navy regulations for at least 237 years. The requirement was printed in every revision of the regulations up to 1861. By the 1906 regulations, the requirement had evolved into keeping a continuous, prioritized list of defects updated by periodic inspections.
Monson also recorded the practice of an inventory that included a state of wear:
At the return of any ship from sea he is, with one of the masters attendant and a master shipwright, for things in their elements, to survey the remnants of all stores returned, and to note down all particular qualities — to be half worn, or fourth part worn, or decayed, according as the master shall judge them to be useful for the King's service. And thereupon he is to make up the account of waste in the voyage, and to dispose the remainder to be returned into the King's store, or left in the ship, as shall best accommodate the King's service.
(Monson p. 413)
During the next two centuries, Navy regulations also continued to require an assessment of stores upon return from sea.
Qualifications of Technical Officers
Monson thought that the Surveyor's responsibilities were too broad. One person was unlikely to know the details of both sailing and shipbuilding. He thought that two people should be Surveyor: an experienced shipwright and a sailing master. When a single person was assigned as the surveyor, management of one of the subjects would be weaker. (Monson p. 327) During the 44 years between 1598 to 1642, a trained shipbuilder was the Surveyor for a total of only 6 years. (Thrush p. 82-84) The navy deputized commercial shipbuilders to conduct technical surveys, but there was no payment for this service. Navy administrators often received technical advice that was uninterested, uninformed, hasty, or simply wrong.
Preserving Hulls
Monson recorded the duties of specific ship officers. The Carpenter "looks to the hull, that there be no damage by leaks." The Carpenter was the primary commissioned officer responsible for hull maintenance. He was also responsible for the strength of masts and the repair of boats. (Monson p. 345)
Monson compared several methods of sheathing to protect the hull against shipworm. He described how shipworms bored long holes into the wood, reducing strength and watertightness. He discussed several methods of sheathing to protect against shipworm, comparing the effectiveness and cost of different methods. This shows that practical hull preservation was of interest to the Navy. (Monson p. 347)
Monson related that the Spanish and Portuguese used lead sheathing, but that lead was not durable and prone to damage. Using two layers of planking was effective and durable, but heavy. He listed other options. The hull could be charred, oiled, smeared with pitch, or layered with canvas. Monson noted that in China, an artificial varnish was used. His recommendation for the best preservation for the least cost was a layer of tar and hair, covered with a half-inch thick layer of elm plank. This remained standard practice in the English navy until copper sheathing was successfully fielded 150 years later in the late 1700s. The Royal Navy of the 1620s was aware of other methods of protecting the hull, but chose this preventive sheathing system based on a combination of practicality, their technical capability, availability of materials, durability, and overall cost.
"Miſmanagement" – Proposed Management Reforms
Monson proposed reforms to improve the management of the navy. He recommended selecting people based on qualification and character, instead of family connections. Key appointments were often given to people with no experience, driven by social and political connections and bribery. The more seasoned staff manipulated the inexperienced appointees for personal gain. Monson accused the former Lord High Admiral, Earl of Nottingham, of starting this practice, allowing the purchase of official positions for 1500 pounds (Monson p. 371)
Most of Monson's reform recommendations involved oversight of spending authority so that resources would not be wasted. Public servants would not grow rich while their official duties suffered. One proposal was an officer whose responsibility would be to oversee the expenses incurred by the Carpenter, Boatswain, and Gunner…essentially, an internal auditor.
Monson used two interesting terms in his tracts: "ill management" and "miſmanagement," spelled using the archaic long s that resembles the letter f.
One example of "miſmanagement" was that sailors were paid the same regardless of their competence. Monson's solution was surprisingly modern: pay for performance. He proposed that the ship's officers could raise a high performing sailor's pay. The "loyterers" would have their pay decreased so that the manpower expense stayed flat…a cost-neutral performance incentive.
1637 – Definition of Leakage
Historian Andrew Thrush investigated the state of the English Navy in the years 1625-1640. He found that the system for administering the Navy varied considerably in effectiveness during this period. Some ships were in excellent condition after long service, but some were plagued by maintenance problems. Thrush concluded that the main factors injuring the fleet's readiness were unstable budgets and interruption of supply chains for repair materials. The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 and disrupted the supply of replacement masts and ropes from Poland. Without access to quality parts, dockyards used substitute materials. This resulted in frequent repairs and unreliable operations.
The Royal Navy had a constant need for maintenance. Irregular cash flow limited access to the right supplies. Hard decisions had to be made – the result was deferred maintenance. In correspondence of the day, this was called "negligence." Official complaints often recorded the details of this negligence and included the expectations of what maintenance should have been done.
Sometime around 1625, Henry Mainwaring published the first dictionary of nautical terms in English. He recorded definitions of "seepage" and "leakage." Seepage was minor ingress of water through joints and caulking. Seepage was normal, but leakage was a failure. Mainwaring defined leakage as a rate of water requiring a hundred strokes of the ship's pump in 24-48 hours. (Manwaring Vol 1, p. 71) This technical definition is similar to modern definitions of "flooding" and "leakage" in a US Navy submarine: leakage is within the drain pump's capacity, but flooding is more than the drain pump can remove. Leakage needs a repair, but flooding is an action word that kicks off emergency procedures. (Author's experience)
[Note: Sir Henry Mainwaring's (1587-1653) dictionary was reprinted in a larger collection of his works edited by George Ernest Manwaring (1882-1939) of the Naval Records Society in 1922. The name spellings are very close and sometimes inconsistent in earlier texts.]
Thrush gave an example of what was possible with state-of-the-art shipbuilding and quality maintenance. In 1626 the Happy Entrance sprang a leak after nine months at sea. Until then the crew only had to operate the dewatering pump every four or five weeks.
Thrush used Mainwaring's definition to review complaints of leaks recorded in letters between captains and officials. 17th century investigations found different causes: poor quality work at the dockyard, storm damage, and operator error. In one case a crew had accidentally punctured their hull with their own anchor, then complained about the leakage.
1638 – Root Cause Found to be "Ye Negligence"
Nine years later, frequent complaints about leaks caused alarm in the navy's management. The 24-gun Mary Rose, named after the earlier, more famous ship, leaked immediately after sailing from the yard. Admiral Algernon Percy, the 10th Earl of Northumberland, accused dockyards of being negligent. The Navy Board explained that minor defects could never be all be detected:
The cause hereof is presupposed to be in ye negligence of the caulkers, which we have made strickt inquirie into, and for ought wee can be informed…most of all of those leakes grew from such defects in ye ships as the narrowest observation could not prevent; as in the Marirose, though upon complaint twice caulked, yet till shee came into ye docke the leak could not possiblie be found, and then by the issuing of the water it was discerned by her keele just under the Well, and the hole not bigg enough to put a man's little finger into, which till so discovered the witt of man could not foresee or prevent; but yet it hath occasioned a strickter oversight of ye caulkers and carpenters.
(Thrush p. 343)
In modern terms, the government conducted a root cause investigation. The construction facility did warranty work twice. On the third repair attempt, the defect was found and corrected. The builder contended that the problem was so small that no inspection method could have found it. However, the builder improved quality inspection procedures as a corrective action.
The explanation was not satisfactory and the King agreed with the Earl that the dockyards had been negligent. A few months later, the ship Fifth Whelp was lost at sea by some combination of rushed construction with green wood and the deferred repairs. The Earl's point was proved.
1630s – Infrastructure Versus Vanity Projects
In 1638, King Charles appointed the Earl of Northumberland to be Lord High Admiral, filling the post left vacant since the murder of the Duke of Buckingham. Northumberland pursued reforms in pay, management of the navy budget, pay, and the logistics of food for the fleet. In 1636, he had proposed that the fleet be downsized to be more effective, and proposed significant investments in structural repairs to the remaining ships, writing that:
Divers [many] of your Majesty's ships are so old and decayed that the repair of them is a great and continual charge, and the ships are able to do little service.
(Hodges p. 48)
Northumberland recognized that some of his fleet were beyond their economic service life. For some bad actors, repairs were expensive and continual. These ships were not effective combat units. The government needed to dispose of these assets and reinvest the savings into the maintainable ones.
King Charles I involved himself more directly in the Navy under Northumberland than he had under Buckingham. (Thrush p. 29-33) The King was knowledgeable about naval matters, but drove some bad spending decisions, particularly regarding the Sovereign of the Seas. (Thrush p. 182) On the international stage, Charles I claimed ownership of international waters. The King was sending a clear diplomatic signal with Sovereign of the Seas, starting with the name. This ship was intended to demonstrate that the crown of England owned all the world's oceans as a matter of law, a theory called Mare Clausum.
Charles I demanded the shipbuilders install more guns on Sovereign of the Seas. This gave England the first ship in the world to mount 100 guns. The ship was also lavishly decorated. The extra carvings and gun mounts cost the same as a second ship of a standard design. The expensive ship was impractical and robbed resources from other projects.
Charles I overrode Phineaus Pett on the launch date of Sovereign of the Seas. Pett wanted to launch the new flagship only when it was needed to avoid a winter cycle of docking and hull cleaning. The King wanted the ship launched immediately. (Thrush p. 38)
The King delayed the decision to build a dry dock in Portsmouth for several years to redirect money to his projects. Thrush concluded he "preferred to squander precious resources on a single battleship than spend a few thousand pounds on the less glamorous but more vital task of improving the Navy's dockyard facilities." The Sovereign of the Seas was a diplomatic asset as well as a naval asset, and the King's international strategy overrode practical considerations of asset management.
Thrush gave another example of the king's decision making, but without the international politics: "The vast sums heaped upon the rebuilding of the 1200-ton Prince Royal is a case in point. In 1637 the Principal Officers urged her replacement on the grounds that a rebuild would be prohibitively expensive, but Charles ignored this sound advice. The final bill came to £17,450, although the Officers had thought even £14,000 was excessive."
Disagreements or misunderstandings about the end of service life, modernization priorities, and geopolitics drove large spending decisions that sometimes seemed wasteful to the maintainer. The US Navy had similar debates about modernization or retirement of aging guided-missile cruisers in the 2010s and 2020s. The US Navy submitted budgets repeatedly that would have decommissioned the cruisers, so that the money for their operation, maintenance, and modernization could be used for development of new systems. These plans were routinely overridden by the US Congress. (Author's experience)
In both the 17th-century English and 21st-century American cases, central government authorities wanted a different force structure than the professional navy officers who had to maintain and employ the assets.
The 1630s saw worsening relations with Dutch (Thrush p. 9). Another naval problem was pirates from North Africa raiding British coast for slaves. Between 1616 and 1642, corsairs took an estimated 350-400 ships and 6500-7000 men from Britain (Lea-O'Mahoney p. 17). Charles I needed to control the English Channel, protect the coast, and challenge the maritime influence of the Netherlands, France, and Spain. However, Charles' relationship with Parliament was not good, so his security priorities were not well-funded.
The Sovereign of the Seas was launched in 1637 and was intended by King Charles to be an international statement about the English crown's ownership of what we now think of as international waters. It was the first English ship to mount over 100 cannon and was elaborately decorated. The Sovereign of the Seas cost ten times what a normal 40-gun ship cost, but only had twice the firepower. The cost of decoration alone was equal to a single frigate. Parliament did not support King Charles I's naval policies, so the King had to fund some of his projects without Parliamentary appropriations. The drain on resources was so large that mismanagement of every other part of the navy was the result. (Thrush p. 200)
The main method to raise this money was a special tax called Ship Money. Ship Money was a sovereign right, which the King could impose without Parliament's approval. Parliament abolished Ship Money in 1641, and the English Civil War began in 1642. Overuse of Ship Money to maintain a large fleet and build the Sovereign of the Seas was one of the causes of the English Civil War. Early in the war, most of the navy sided with Parliament. Lea-O'Mahoney found that this limited the King's blockade options and was a major factor in the outcome of the war.
By 1642, the English navy had 2 periods of investment under Henry VIII and Charles I. Both growth periods were succeeded by decay of the assets, then a multi-year plan to correct the situation.
Food and Payroll Competed with Maintenance
Thrush described some of the navy's other immediate and practical problems unrelated to maintenance or shipbuilding that were related to underfunding in the period of 1622-1640. Mostly these had to do with human resources and the irregularity of government payments.
To complete their crews, the navy competed for skilled mariners with a commercial sector that offered higher pay. Prize money was not made a normal incentive until 1642. Before this, real money could only be in privateering.
The navy had trouble making payroll. Sailors went unpaid for long periods, compounding the problem of recruitment and retention. The conditions of service encouraged desertion. The navy could resort to impressment, but this also encouraged desertion. Impressment targeted mariners in coastal towns, so towns emptied of male residents when the navy was around. Thrush related that in 1628 the Bristol Member of Parliament tried to refuse naval protection, because the disruption to commerce by men avoiding impressment was worse for the economy than the risk of piracy or foreign attack. Impressed sailors often arrived with only the clothes they wore, and the navy did not yet provide uniforms. Because they were paid infrequently and had few chances to buy their own clothing, there were complaints of unclothed sailors suffering medically from exposure to weather.
Another acute problem was food and drink. The government fed the sailors on board ship, so it had to purchase large quantities of supplies. Relationships with contractors and vendors were poor because they were also paid irregularly. Goods that were received by the navy were often of poor quality or stored for long enough to spoil.
Captains and navy officials sometimes had to use their own money to accomplish their goals. Thrush gave fourteen examples of this. The Duke of Buckingham had spent £53,000 of his own money funding naval operations. After his murder, the navy still owed his estate £17,390. Other examples are smaller, but still range from £200 to £3000, mostly from officials managing the logistics of food.
Good management of weapons should be expected from armed services, but this was not the case. Thrush concluded that the ordnance system was so bad that it barely functioned. In contrast to the navy's correspondence, the ordnance department records were so unreliable and disorganized that Thrush found they could barely be studied. The office was understaffed, overworked, also had to equip the army, and often received last-minute rush orders from the navy. Thrush quoted another historian's characterization:
"The Office 'retained that evil pre-eminence in sloth and incapacity it had already earned'," Aylmer has commented that 'supplies and weapons were usually late in arriving'. The Duke of Buckingham commented on the performance in 1627: 'that there is not yt quicknes and readynes used by the office of the stores and lyverles as is answerable to the hast[e] required'.
The ordnance office had supplied gun-carriages to forts and ships that rotted quickly. A 1628 investigation concluded that rushed construction with green, unseasoned timber was the root cause. The problem of green timber had already been remarked on by the 1608 naval commission, and it foreshadowed another timber crisis that nearly affected the outcome of Trafalgar in 1805.
Because captains and admirals had to manage unpaid, underfed crews and poorly equipped ships with their own money, it is surprising that they would have paid any attention at all to maintenance of their ship or its lifecycle.
In a letter, on March 29, 1666, an administrator wrote asking for a decision about scheduling a ship for a hull cleaning. Disgusted with their performance, he vented about a ship's officers:
The Delft is arrived from Jersey. The Captain tells me she is very foul: it's about 5 months since he was cleansed here; his victuals is spent and long boat lost: few ships goeth out but lose their boats. I never saw or heard of so little care as now is found generally of almost all the officers in general: they act as if it were their duty to destroy rather than to preserve. Pray advise whether the Delft shall come in to clean or not.
Faced with such daily problems and a civil war, it is surprising that anyone in the English navy in the 17th century could spare time to improve maintenance management. Yet, the practices common in this period would provide a basis for a maintenance system that would be formalized in writing in the next 50 years and improved over the next 200 years.
Monson's Tracts, 1703 version: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433009405741
Monson's Tracts, 1913 version: https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101075683498
Thrush, A.D.; (1991) The Navy Under Charles I: 1625-40. Doctoral thesis, University of London.
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1317789/
Mainwaring's nautical dictionary is reprinted in:
W. G. Perrin and G. E. Manwaring. The Life And Works of Sir Henry Mainwaring Vol. 2. [London]: Navy Records Society, 1922.
https://hdl.handle.net/2027/pst.000023969797
Testimony of Sir Henry Mainwaring concerning leakage, bad management, and potential reforms:
Manwaring, Henry, Sir, 1587-1653, and G. E. (George Ernest) Manwaring. The Life And Works of Sir Henry Mainwaring Vol. 1. [London]: Navy Records Society, Vol. 54, 1920.
https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015039446490?urlappend=%3Bseq=272
Hodges, Harold Winter, and Edward Arthur Hughes. Select Naval Documents. Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press, 1922. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t3902pz3f
Pg 79, 81-82
Lea-O'Mahoney, Michael James, The Navy in the English Civil War Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011 https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/4078/Lea-O%27MahoneyM.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
I have referred to my own experience for two references:
Definitions of flooding and leakage in US submarines: in 2005, qualification as Diving Officer of the Watch on the submarine USS ALABAMA. The Diving Officer of the Watch has immediate actions for safety of ship upon receiving a report of flooding.
US Navy's attempts to decommission TICONDEROGA-class cruisers: 2010-2013, as a staff officer for US Fleet Forces Command, I rebalanced US Navy budgets for ship maintenance spending in response to US Senate markups of the President's Budget. The Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, and President's Budget requests all included plans to stop maintenance and decommission four cruisers. The Senate Armed Services Committee included language that prohibited the DOD from spending money to prepare these ships for decommissioning, so maintenance had to continue. More than ten years later, this debate between the US Congress and US Navy about force structure still continues. See:
https://news.usni.org/2022/04/21/navy-plans-for-all-22-ticonderoga-cruisers-to-exit-fleet-in-5-years
Filed Under: Articles, History of Maintenance Management, on Maintenance Reliability
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Argyle moved out of the League One relegation zone for the first time since September after a resounding victory at Home Park.
There was plenty of Christmas cheer at the final whistle as the Pilgrims came up with an important victory in front of 10,000 fans.
Those who went shopping for last minute festive gifts missed out on Argyle's best home performance of the season.
They raced into a 2-0 lead with early goals from Toumani Diagouraga and Graham Carey.
Then, after Oldham reduced the deficit shortly before the hour mark, the Pilgrims responded in style.
Further goals followed from Ryan Edwards and substitute Jake Jervis as Argyle moved up to 20 position in the table.
With 19 points from their last 12 games, there is genuine hope the Pilgrims can secure their League One status in the second half of the season.
In their final game of 2017 at Home Park, Argyle made a superb start as they scored twice inside the opening six minutes.
Diagouraga put them 1-0 up from their first attack, but striker Ryan Taylor deserved a lot of the credit.
Taylor was closely marked and had his back to goal when he received the ball on the edge of the penalty area.
However, Taylor had the awareness to play a reverse pass in behind the Oldham defence for Diagouraga to run onto.
Diagouraga was all alone and he went past goalkeeper Johny Placide before slotting into the empty net.
It was 2-0 soon afterwards after a long raking pass from midfielder David Fox found Carey.
The angle was against Carey as he deftly lobbed the ball over Placide with the outside of his left foot but he still found the target.
The ball went a fraction inside the far post and Carey could celebrate his sixth goal of the season.
It had been a shocking start for Oldham but they responded with a period of pressure on the Pilgrims.
They forced a couple of corners and striker Craig Davies had a shot saved by Argyle's Kelle Roos.
Argyle almost went further ahead in the 16th minute, though, after some excellent play from Carey.
His run and cross seemed to have set up Diagouraga for a simple tap-in from almost on the goal-line until he was denied by a superb challenge from Ryan McLaughlin.
Without McLaughlin's determination, Argyle would have been in a very commanding position at an early stage of the game.
Carey was a real attacking threat on the right and soon afterwards had one goalbound shot deflected over the crossbar by Oldham's Brian Wilson.
After a frenetic start to the match there was a lull in the action after that near miss for Carey.
Argyle had the next chance in the 37th minute, and again Carey was heavily involved.
He went past Wilson and put in a deep cross which was met by a header from Fox and the ball was hacked clear from inside the six-yard area.
Wilson was then booked for a foul on Carey close to the right touchline in the 40th minute.
Carey took the free-kick and, from the cross, Argyle centre-back Sonny Bradley saw his header flash wide of the near post.
Oldham's Jack Byrne was also yellow-carded for a cynical trip on Bradley as it remained 2-0 until half-time.
The visitors made a double substitution at the start of the second period, with Aaron Holloway sent on to partner Craig Davies in attack.
Robert Hunt slotted into midfield as Oldham went with a 3-5-2 formation as they tried to retrieve their deficit.
Carey had swapped positions with the recalled Ruben Lameiras and, now on the left, tried an audacious chip shot from inside the penalty area but the ball went harmlessly over the bar.
Oldham did reduce their arrears in the 57th minute with a goal from a set piece.
On-loan Wigan Athletic midfielder Jack Byrne took a corner and it was headed home from close range by Anthony Gerrard.
However, Argyle restored their two-goal advantage only a couple of minutes later.
Carey curled an inviting free-kick into the penalty area and Edwards powered his header into the far corner of the net.
It was his third goal of the season and put the Pilgrims 3-1 up, but the Latics kept on coming at them as they had plenty of possession.
Former Argyle loan signing Tope Obadeyi was a 66th minute substitute as Oldham looked to exploit his pace as a left winger.
They almost came up with a second goal soon afterwards when Holloway beat the offside trap.
Holloway's shot was a powerful one but it was superbly beaten away by Roos.
Jervis was sent on as a 71st minute substitute for Lameiras and scored Argyle's fourth goal with his first touch.
He used his speed to burst through the centre of the Oldham defence as he latched onto a long ball played forward and applied a calm finish from the edge of the box.
Grant came off the bench in the 77th minute and replaced Carey, who received a rousing ovation from the Green Army as he left the pitch.
With three more important matches to be played over Christmas, and a 4-1 lead, it made sense to save Carey for those.
Obadeyi headed wide at the far post for Oldham and Roos made a good low save from Byrne to concede a corner.
There was then an Argyle debut for second-year apprentice Cameron Sangster as he replaced the excellent Fox in midfield in the 89th minute.
It was a great chance to give Sangster his first senior run-out amid a festive and triumphant atmosphere.


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Q: Tracking object use using SQL Auditing I am looking for a solution to track object usage in my database.  Objects such as tables, stored procedures, and functions.
I discovered SQL Auditing and was under the impression that it's exactly what I needed.
So I set it up to audit SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE on my tables, and EXECUTE on my stored procedures and functions.
I set it up to target the Windows Security event log via Event Viewer Utility.
I made sure to allow permissions and set object access in Local Security Policy and using auditpol.exe.
Then I ran some INSERTs on tables and EXECUTEs on stored procedures. I then opened Event Viewer expecting to see logs of the time each of these statements where executed and on what object, however all I see is this:

Did I skip a step, am looking in the wrong place, or did I make a mistake from the beginning about what SQL Audit actually does?
EDIT: OK, I switch the target to a file and viewed the file via SSMS (right clicking Audit -> View Audit File)... and here the INSERTs and other actions are indeed being logged....So clearly I'm looking in the wrong place in the Event Viewer or missing something.

A: To track object use with the SQL Server Audit feature, it's necessary to set up the auditing. In order to do so, an audit object must be created first.
This can be done using SQL Server Management Studio or T-SQL.
The next step is to set up the auditing in the particular database on specific objects. This is where availability of the SQL Server Audit feature is required on the database level (the database level auditing is available in SQL Server Enterprise and Developer editions only).
To continue setting up the auditing, it's required to create a database level audit specification. Such database level audit specification will belong to the audit object previously created.
Although SQL Server provides a built-in feature (the View Audit Logs context menu option of an audit object) to view captured information, this is not a convenient way for creating comprehensive reports, and it provides basic filtering only.
So, in order to provide tracked information for any deeper analysis or documenting, use the fn_get_file_audit SQL Server function to read repository .sqlaudit files used by the audit object.

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FindACase™ | Maids on Call, LLC v. Ohio Security Insurance Co.
Maids on Call, LLC v. Ohio Security Insurance Co.
OHIO SECURITY INSURANCE COMPANY, a New Hampshire corporation; Defendant, OHIO CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Intervenor.
This matter is before the Court on Plaintiffs' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, ECF No. 11, and the Motions for Summary Judgment filed by Defendant Ohio Security Insurance Company (Ohio Security) and Intervenor Ohio Casualty Insurance Company (Ohio Casualty) (collectively "Ohio"), ECF Nos. 31 and 36, respectively. Also before the Court is the Objection to Supplemental Authority, ECF No. 44, filed by Ohio Security. For the reasons stated, Ohio Security and Ohio Casualty's Motions for Summary Judgment will be granted, Plaintiffs' Motion will be denied, and the Objection will be denied as moot.
Unless otherwise indicated, the following facts are those stated in the Parties' briefs, supported by pinpoint citations to admissible evidence in the record, in compliance with NECivR 56.1 and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56.
Maids on Call, LLC, is a Connecticut limited liability company that has its principal place of business in Hartford, Connecticut. Maids on Call II, LLC, is a Massachusetts limited liability company that has its principal place of business in West Springfield, Massachusetts. Timothy and Maryann Scussel are residents of Connecticut and the owners and only members of Maids on Call, LLC, and Maids on Call II, LLC (the "former Maids franchises"). Stacey Garon and Sara Rock are also residents of Connecticut. Rock and Garon were employees of the former Maids franchises.
Ohio Security is an insurance company organized and existing under the laws of the state of New Hampshire and with its principal place of business in Boston, Massachusetts. Ohio Security transacts business nationwide, including in the state of Nebraska. Ohio Security is the named insurer on Policy No. BKS56009071 (the "Policy"), issued to Maids on Call, LLC, and Maids on Call II, LLC, covering the policy period of March 3, 2016, to March 3, 2017. The parties dispute whether the former Maids franchises renewed the Policy for the period March 3, 2017, to March 3, 2018. Each of the Plaintiffs was either a named insured or a defined insured under the Policy.
Ohio Casualty is an underwriting company that issued a commercial umbrella insurance policy (the "Ohio Casualty Policy") to Maids on Call with language similar to the Policy at issue in this case. See Order at 2, ECF No. 34, Page ID 1985. The Court granted Ohio Casualty leave to intervene under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24(b)(1)(B) because the claims of Ohio Casualty and Ohio Security against the Plaintiffs share common questions of law and fact, and the relief Ohio Casualty seeks is premised on legal theories identical to those asserted by Ohio Security. See Id. at 3, Page ID 1986.
We will pay those sums that the insured becomes legally obligated to pay as damages because of "personal and advertising injury" to which this insurance applies. We will have that right and duty to defend the insured against any "suit" seeking those damages.
"Personal and advertising injury" arising out of oral or written publication, in any manner, of material, if done by or at the direction of the insured with knowledge of its falsity.


Ow did the abolition of slavery contribute to racial thinking?
This essay require the writer to think critically about the debates regarding the abolition of slavery and how that abolition have contributed to racial thinking. in this essay arguement will be raised for and against slavery. what does race play in the abolition of slavery . also think how religion was uesd in the abolition of slavery. also discuss how racial scientist think about race and the abolition of slavery. this also require that the writer use at least two of the recommeded text and also look at staurt hall on racila thinking.
Ow did the 1970s oil crisis affect the US SAUDI relations? ( in other words what does the 1970s oil shock tell us about the US-Saudi relations) Ow did technology shape the course of nineteenth century imperialism? Would Western expansion have been possible without certain key inventions? How did Technology connected our modern society together (such as Iphone) Ow did the American Dreamcontribute to the events in the great gatsby Ow did the ancient Egyptians wall painting techniques change through time. Ow did the Atlantic slave trade impact the different parties that were involved, including the slaves, slave owners, and colonies.


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In addition to moving you, we can provide packing services and we sell boxes and all materials you will need for your move. Storage facilities are available for you convenience.
Moves start as early as 7:00 am and the last scheduled move as late as 6:00 pm. We can accommodate you with a time to fit into your schedule.


Jack Bobeng and Claudia get married July 1, 1984. Go there.
Terry's 1989 Cromwell Crew reunion at his house in Pensacola, Florida. Jack Bobeng, Cut, Geb, Bag, Rob, Brother Dave, Mick, Odge, Hogie, Jacko, Terry, Danny, Tier, and Varmit were there. See more photos.
Geb: "Hey Terry, I gotta leak in my bedroom's sink!"
beer bottle? (Think it but don't say it).
The Crew in Las Vegas: Tier, Terry, Geb, Jacko, Harry, John, Rob and the Arab guy is Hamid (who has come in the name of Allah; unknown if he is engaged in jihad). Trip was made to see the Oscar De La Hoya fight, a WBC light welterwieght from Mexico. Also took a limo out to see the Hoover Dam. Roaster, who got got tired of waiting for Bag and the rent-a-car, went back inside, played a hand or two, and won big. He came outside with his winnings and said "Let's take a limo, boys." The limo had a TV, and Geb was soon watching the Notre Dame football game, but shortly after leaving the hotel, we lost reception. This is the one and only photo of the Crew from 1995.


The 45 offshore projects that have been approved year-to-date are already more than the amount approved in 2016. In addition to beating 2016's activity, this year's offshore project sanctioning is on track to surpass 2017's sanctioning levels by 50 per cent.
About US$34bn of onshore projects are expected to be approved in 2018. Despite a steady stream of onshore projects being sanctioned during 2018, the size of these projects varies significantly.
"This has caused a mere US$3bn increase in onshore commitments from May through September. In addition, the fourth quarter will see US$15.1bn of onshore projects approved," said Rystad Energy.
Subsea tie backs have been favoured the most by operators in 2018. Collectively, about US$26bn in subsea tie-back projects have been approved, with an additional US$7bn forecasted by year-end.
This will give subsea contractors a potential US$7.4bn in greenfield contract opportunities over the next few years. ExxonMobil's Neptun Deep project is poised to approve a subsea tie back to the Domino field in Romania in late-2018. The development will give US$1.5bn in new contract opportunities to service companies, including more than US$420mn in EPCI contracts. The project aims to start-up in early-2022.
The rest of the year will see more fixed facilities and floater projects approved than subsea tie backs. The Marjan Expansion project in Saudi Arabia is set to be the largest fixed facility project up for sanctioning. Once approved, it will look to award contracts in excess of US$4.6bn over the next several years, allowing Saudi Aramco to construct and install more than 20,000 tonnes of topsides for their steel platform.
Recent cost reduction efforts have moved a few significant projects in South America below the US$60 per barrel breakeven threshold. However, there are still US$14bn to-be-sanctioned offshore and onshore projects globally for 2018 require breakeven prices above US$60 per barrel.
Total's Lake Albert project in Uganda will look to develop their Jobi-Rii asset for more than US$2.4bn. However, the project will require a breakeven oil price above US$60 per barrel. If approved, this onshore development would target a 2022 start-up.


Almost every mother think when they start breastfeeding that how to produce breast milk because most of the mothers are worried and think that they are not producing enough milk for their baby and searching for the ways that can increase the production of their milk. According to the lactation specialist, there are only 5% women who actually have low milk supply only in the case if they have any breast surgery in past otherwise almost every woman is producing enough milk for their little ones. Women who think that they have low milk supply and how to produce breast milk more for their baby's just follow some natural lactation techniques that will increase their production of breast milk.
Here are some tips of lactation given below that will help nursing mothers to naturally increase the production of breast milk. You can also take milk boosting supplements and to know more about the supplements you can visit boostbreastmilk.
Frequently Nurse your Little One: Here is the first tip for nursing mothers who are concerned how to produce breast milk is to just nurse, nurse and nurse their little one as the frequent breastfeeding is one of the natural ways that can increase the production of breast milk. There is nothing that can increase the production of breast milk like the sucking of your baby. As every nursing mother who well it's a process of supply and demand and breast, milk creation is tightly regulated system. If your breasts don't feel full then you don't need to be worry about it or don't think that your baby is not getting enough milk because, over the long run, the sucking reflex will help to stimulate more breast milk. So, you can bring the baby to the breast anytime and let the baby to only nurse, nurse and nurse.
Create Skin to Skin Contact: Another healthy and effective tip for nursing mothers who are concerned about how to produce breast milk is nurse your baby skin to skin which means when you breastfeed your little one, go skin to skin. Keep your baby in just a diaper and take off your bra and shirt while feeding the baby. Around the two of you, you can wrap a blanket and nurse away. This practice not only helps releases more of the hormones that can produce more milk as well as milk ejector hormones but it also creates an incredible bonding between mama and baby. You can continue this practice throughout the night, during the nap time or bedtime.
To your Nursing Sessions, put no time limit: If you think that you have low milk supply and now how to produce more milk then put no time limit to the feeding or nursing sessions and feed your baby for as long as the baby wanted to. During each feeding, try to give both breasts to baby for more overall production. If you are struggling with the supply, consider taking a nursing vacation in which you spend a whole weekend with your baby only in bed and nurse your baby as much as possible.
Avoid the use of bottles and pacifiers: The use of bottles and pacifiers can reduce hunger as these can only satisfy the oral stimulation and make the baby less likely to nurse. It's best to only limit solid food and talk to your doctor if your baby is less than 6 months and your baby is at a healthy weight.
Stay Relaxed and get enough Sleep: It healthy for the nursing mothers to stay relaxed and get enough sleep if they wanted to increase their milk production. According to the studies, mothers have a better milk letdown and produce more breast milk if they stay calm and relaxed. Try to nap for some time when your baby naps. In your nursing time period, eliminate or cancel too many outdoor activities just to keep things simple.
Take a healthy diet: Nursing mothers who are struggling how to produce breast milk will avoid dieting as to go on dieting immediately after the baby birth is wrong and unhealthy nor only for mothers but also for the babies health. Your diet has a great impact on the production of milk so be sure to drink lots of liquid. By eating galactagogue like quinoa, millet, oatmeal, barley as well as spices or herbs like ginger, fennel, turmeric helps to boost the production of milk. Almonds, flaxseeds, Brewer's yeast, and sesame seeds can also help to boost the production of breast milk.
In between nursing, pumping is also healthy: To keep your breasts stimulated and produce more breast milk, pumping can be a great short-term way. After feeding your little one, you can do pumping until all of your milk drains from both breasts and then also continue pumping for 5 additional minutes. From the beginning, if there is no milk just keeps pumping as the stimulation still help. At each breast, aim for 10 minutes of pumping as pumping is also effective for boosting the production of milk.
Milk Boosting Supplements: Boost – Breast milk enhancer and lactation supplements are one of the well-known supplements that boost the production of breast milk and these supplements are also different from other milk boosting supplements. These are 100% natural as they are made from all natural herbs and ingredients. These supplements help to increase the daily production of milk up to 80% and the results of these supplements are clinically proven. To know more about the supplements visit boostbreastmilk.
Before feeding just make sure that your latch is right: It may be a problem with your latch positioning if your baby can't efficiently drain the breast. To know about the perfect latch positioning, see your lactation consultant or you can also know about it online from many websites through videos. These can also helpful for you if your baby is not feeding properly.
These are few tips that are helpful for mothers who are concerned about how to produce breast milk.


text:
Biografia
Nato nell'attuale Kaga, Fukada frequentò la scuola secondaria Fukui Kenritsu Fujishima Kōtō Gakkō e poi l'università imperiale di Tokyo, ove studiò letteratura.

Durante quel periodo divenne amico dei poeti Tatsuo Hori e Jun Takami.

Sempre durante il periodo scolastico si appassionò di alpinismo, entrando nel club alpino della sua scuola. Alla sua passione per la montagna si deve il suo pseudonimo letterario Kyusan, ovvero "Nove montagne".

Durante i suoi studi universitari iniziò a scrivere brevi racconti e conobbe la poetessa Yaho Kitabatake, di cui si innamorò.

Nel 1932 pubblicò Asunarao che fu, insieme al suo precedente lavoro Orokko, stroncato dai critici letterari Hideo Kobayashi e Yasunari Kawabata dato che lo accusarono di aver plagiato la compagna Kitabatake. Tale evento danneggiò il prosieguo della sua carriera di scrittore.

Nel marzo 1940 sposò la Kitabatake ma già nel maggio 1941 iniziò a frequentare il suo primo amore, Koba Shigeko, sorella di Mitsuo Nakamura, da cui ebbe un figlio nell'agosto 1942.

Dopo questi eventi entrò nell'Esercito Imperiale Giapponese, e dislocato sul fronte cinese durante la seconda guerra sino-giapponese. Ritornò in patria nel 1946, ove divorziò dalla moglie per stare con Shigeko.

Dopo anni di difficoltà economiche ed inattività letteraria, su suggerimento di Hideo Kobayashi, anch'egli appassionato alpinista, scrisse tra il 1959 ed il 1963 il Nihon Hyaku-meizan, ovvero 100 famose montagne del Giappone.

Nel 1968 divenne il vicepresidente del Club Alpino Giapponese.

Nel 1966 e nel biennio 1969/1970 viaggiò nei territori dell'Asia centrale tra URSS e Cina, esplorando le montagne della via della seta.

Fukada morì a causa di un'emorragia cerebrale nel marzo 1971 presso la cima del monte Kaya.

Il 1º luglio 2003 fu dedicato a Fukada un francobollo commemorativo.

Opere
Orokko
Asunarao, 1932
Nihon Hyaku-meizan, 1964

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Seeing David in a new light
Posted by Mike Seymour ON September 4, 2017
Few VR projects span decades. CGI dates so quickly that the 'cutting edge' blunts in a very short amount of time. So it was remarkable that the VR 'DAVID' experience that allows a viewer to walk around Michelangelo's 17-foot (5-meter) statue of David using virtual scaffold, is built on data that comes from the 1990s!
Dr Marc Levoy is VMware Founders Professor of CS and Electrical Engin., Emeritus at Stanford, but now works at Google Research.
In 1998, Dr Marc Levoy led a team from Stanford University to scan Michelangelo's David in Florence. Over the years, this dataset has been used by many technical papers, but as it totals more than a billion polygons, it has never before been viewable in real time.
Epic Games' Lead Technical Animator Chris Evans is somewhat of a Michelangelo fan. "I am a bit of a Michelangelophile. I actually have a plaster cast of David's face at home, taken from the statue in 1870 when it was moved. I have studied Michelangelo for many years, and I find his life and works really intriguing. At one point I was told that I have more books on Michelangelo than the Staedel Art Library in Frankfurt!"
Over a six month period, with the help of Adam Skutt, (Epic Games character artist), Evans baked the dataset onto an in-engine representation, down to the quarter millimeter.
The Scan
Dr Marc Levoy decided to do a high resolution 3 dimensional scanning project with his grad students as part of an academic sabbatical. As luck would have it, Stanford University had an overseas study centre in Florence and the David Statue had an optically appropriate diffuse, white colour suitable for scanning with the technology of the day.
The scan of Michelangelo's David, begun on February 15, 1998 and took 4 weeks. Most of the art historians in Florence were keen to have such a professional research project, even given the extremely valuable and highly restricted access to the statue.
Photo by Paul Debevec, (who just happened to be in Florence at the time, and observed the process).
The team used a Cyberware swept line 3D scanner, mounted on a special rig. The actual scanner was very slow by today's standards but it's 1/4mm accuracy is still considered as very high quality today.
The workstations are a mixture of SGIs and PCs. In the photograph above the gantry is at maximum height. The 2′ truss section roughly level with David's foot (C) was added at the last minute after the team discovered, much to their horror, that the statue was taller than they thought. "We designed our gantry according to the height given in Charles De Tolnay's 5-volume study of Michelangelo. This height was echoed in every other book we checked, so we assumed it was correct. It was wrong. The David is not 434 cm without his pedestal; he is 517cm, an error of nearly 3 feet!" explained Levoy.
The team, from right to left, Kari Pulli (running the scanner), Marc Levoy (with his hand ready on the emergency stop button), Lucas Pereira, and Domi Pitturo. The Cyberware gantry could be reconfigured to scan objects of any height from 2 feet to 24 feet. These reconfigurations, which involved removing one or more pieces of the tower, took several hours to do.
The scanner head was reconfigurable. It could be mounted atop or below the horizontal arm, and it could be turned to face in any direction. To facilitate scanning horizontal crevices like David's lips, the scanner head was also rolled 90 degrees, changing the laser line from horizontal (shown below) to vertical.
The Cyberware scanner. The surface of the statue was quite dirty at the time, prior to a major cleaning that would use the Cyberware scanner to inform the cleaning process.
"I modeled the interior of the Tribune at the Galleria della Accademia in Florence, where the David is housed, and created the level allowing people to ride a scaffold up and down while walking around the statue".
The actual DAVID – cira 1998
Although most of the statue is smooth, chisel marks can be seen in several places in VR, such as here to the right of the sideburns. Also visible clearly in VR is a break in the arm of the David Statue that few people will have ever seen. During an anti-Medici rebellion on April 26, 1527, rioters occupied Florence's Palazio Vecchio while soldiers battered the doors. The occupiers threw furniture off the parapets to repel soldiers on the ground. A bench tumbled down and struck the left arm of the statue of Michelangelo's David, breaking it off in three pieces. Interesting aspects such as this are able to be learnt in VR, thanks to Chris Evans incorporating an "inspection mode", that plays various audio files if selected.
The VR version
Chris Evans studied Michelangelo at College. "My landlord at that time taught a two semester course on The Sistine Chapel ceiling, (painted by Michelangelo between 1508 – 1512), and he got me really interested in Michelangelo, and I have studied Michelangelo for years. So when the Stanford work was first presented at SIGGRAPH… I was super interested" he explained.
In 2003, researchers at Stanford released something called ScanView which allowed users to move around a proxy 3D version of the statute and pick any angle and have a high resolution render done offline and emailed to you. "I used a ton of my dorm room's bandwidth using that!" Evans jokes, "But it was a single view jpeg, not a 3D model or anything".
The last work on the full 'billion point set' was worked on actively in 2009, but not at Stanford University. So it was somewhat of a surprise when Chris Evans contacted Marc Levoy about repurposing the Data set for VR. Not only had it been 8 years but the enquiry came from an 'animator at a games company' and not a researcher. Levoy has licensed the data several hundred times, for various reasons, but "this one particularly intrigued me as it was going to be VR, and we had not done anything before in VR", commented Levoy.
DAVID is data accessed at 1mm scans for the main body and for the face 1/4mm. As seen here in the wireframe difference between the face and the body.
For SIGGRAPH 2017, Evans decided to produce an interactive version of the vast data set. The original data was 2 billion polygons. Each part of the statue was covered by at least two scans. Difficult sections were covered 5 or more times, for example when trying to reach the bottom of cracks. In addition, there were 7,000 color images (1520 x 1144 pixels), for a total of 32 gigabytes of Data, which in 1998 was almost incomprehensibly vast. In the 90s, no computer could hold the uncompressed dataset in memory. In 2017 Evans was able to move around the reconstructed statue in real-time in VR at 90fps.
To do a clean bake of the data at the 1/4mm resolution of the face, was complex. Chris Evans wanted all of the details, especially around the face to accurately reflect the vast amount of data. Looking up the 2009 dataset took a couple of hours just to get about 70 -100 million polygons of the face out of the data set.
This original set of polygons then needed to be decimated or reduced to a lower number of triangles, for real time use. The topology needs to be manifold to do this (a topologically closed surface in 3D – and without opposite orientation of normals between polygons), but the key is preserving the boundary edges.
Note there is no visible difference after a 100:1 reduction in Blender.
Wrapping fits one geometry to another. For example, it wraps a generic basemesh around a specific 3D-scan. This control fitting process is aided by user-defined point correspondences. Wrapping is a very efficient approach when dealing with big set of similar objects like human scans so that they can be described with the same topology.
The only program that could decimate that data was Blender, and "it decimated somewhere between 70 to 100 million polygons down to about a million, without any visual quality loss – as I have shown with side by side comparisons", says Evans. (See the image above which shows the before and after, left and right, without visible quality differences). Evans then needed a very clean facial topology for the high resolution mesh. But he needed to modify the in-game real time topology of the eyelids etc of the scan so that he would have a clean and well preserved bake. Internally at Epic Games they have a very good in-house and clean topology which is used for all of their face projects such as Senua and MEETMIKE.
DAVID and MEETMIKE used the same basemesh
The same underlying basemesh facial topology that was used on fxguide's Mike Seymour MEETMIKE with the correct edge loops was used for the DAVID. In Wrap3, Evans could do a non-rigid alignment of Epic's standard high quality facial topology onto the DAVID to bake it across very cleanly.
Wrap3 proved invaluable, seen here with Chris Evan's directing correspondence points.
Wrap3 by Russian3dscnner.com makes it possible to take an existing basemesh and non-rigidly fit it to new scans. It also provides a set of very useful scan processing tools like decimation (although not used on DAVID), mesh filtering, texture projection and many more. It has a node-graph architecture that allows one to convert a series of 3D-scans of say actors to production ready characters sharing the same topology and texture coordinates. In Wrap3 Evans could "pick the edge of the nose, and the ear lobes etc and it non-rigidly aligned the topology onto any face so we could align the same topology we used for our rigs onto DAVID and then that allowed us to do a really clean bake across onto the Statue" he explained.
This video shows Wrap3's wrapping an other features.
Wrap3's wrapping uses a coarse-to-fine approach. For example, the high quality Epic basemesh was deformed by a set of control nodes. The process is divided into several steps. Each step a set of control nodes is generated on the basemesh with specific density which increases with each new step. The algorithm tries to find a position for control nodes so that the basemesh fits the target geometry as close as possible. When a solution is found, it proceeds to the next step. It samples the basemesh with a bigger number of control nodes and repeats the fitting again. The bigger the number of control nodes in the current step the more precise the result.
The lighting
Peter Sumanaseni, senior technical artist at Epic, lit the scene using lots of photo reference and information about the skylight given to the team by Victor Coonin, the world expert on the David. "Pete did an awesome job lighting it", Evans explains, clearly very proud of the team effort to so faithfully realise the data into an accurate virtual DAVID.
Baked image on the VR model. Note the 1/4mm has made the chisel marks near the ear still.
The image above shows the result of a 12 hour lightmass bake in Unreal. Lightmass Global illumination creates lightmaps with complex light interactions such as, area shadowing and diffuse interreflection. It is most often used to precompute portions of the lighting contribution of lights with stationary and static mobility, such as this scene. While the Lightmass built from the skylight was given a long time to compute, it plays back in realtime with stunning diffuse bounce area lighting. Sumanaseni simulated the actual skylight above the real DAVID and Epic's Adam Skutt added in a small amount of Ambient Occlusion just to darken around the eyes. "To make it a little dirtier, somewhere between where it was when it was scanned – which was very dirty at the time, – and today when the DAVID is very clean".
VIVE head gear
Chris Evans decided to set the DAVID up in a VIVE capture volume and VR setup. Given the scale of the actual David Statue and the size of a normal VIVE VR capture volume, the actual VR experience requires special extension cables to allow the 17 feet square virtual scaffold to provide a 1:1 space in VR that is still in the volume. The system uses a clever system that raises and lowers the Scaffold allowing people to feel as if they are being lifted up to head height with the DAVID.
Michelangelo's statue was originally supposed to sit on a cathedral roof line, which Evans explains is why some of his features (like his hand) are exaggerated in size, to compensate for the statue being viewed from below. This is also why the VR experience is so interesting. Almost everyone experiences the Statue from the ground. Only a very few, Levoy amongst them, has really stood close to the statue high up.
The final VR Realtime version
In 1998, many hours on the scaffolding gave the team plenty of time to contemplate Michelangelo's masterpiece. On the last night on March 27th before the team disassembled the gantry and packed up their gear to leave the Galleria dell'Accademia, Marc Levoy asked the team to leave him alone. "I climbed up the actual scaffolding, similar to the one in the VR, on the last night, around 4 am, and I told my students to not dbother me for the next few hours. I just sat there, cross legged communing with the head of the David Statue, thinking about Michelangelo and his art… while the sun slowly rose over the top of the dome, and the light started to change across the head,… it was a very emotional experience. So I am very familiar with sitting up there and looking at the statute at scale." Now that the project is fully realised Levoy feels that the result is "frigging awesome.. it was a great experience, it was the most real experience of the David since I was actually there on scaffolding in the gallery".
1 thought on "Seeing David in a new light"
tomasroca
this was one of the most amazing things I saw at Siggraph. Even it is not so recent, it is an excellent example of using VR technology as opportunity to expand education and Human experience.
Seriously, how good was the GoT Bud Light ad?
HDR Light Studio 5.4 launches
Paul Debevec's new Light Field Research
Light Field Labs : 3D Holograms no glasses Deep Dive

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Mac equivalent to .Net SerialPort.ReadExisting() I'm working on porting a VB program to the PC. It uses serial communication to interact with a physical device. I have a version up and running on the Mac using ORSSerialPort. However, once piece of the VB library that is great is the SerialPort.ReadExisting() function. This essentially reads any messages and discards them.
Has anyone built something similar on the Mac side? I've tried pulling out the ORSSerialPort into a function to directly read values (see below). However, unless I send a message I receive a null response. The readExisting function would be great for a scenario when things get a little out of alignment such as:
I send a message "Message1" to the device and nothing happens (was expecting Response1).
I send a message "Message2" to the device and receive: "Response1" instead of "Response2"
I'd like to detect this, call an equivalent to SerialPort.readExisting() since Response2 is the next to be found if I continue.
My read function:
-(NSString *) directRead
{
    // Read Directly
    int localPortFD = self.fileDescriptor;
    struct timeval timeout;
    int result=0;

    fd_set localReadFDSet;
    FD_ZERO(&localReadFDSet);
    FD_SET(localPortFD, &localReadFDSet);

    timeout.tv_sec = 0;
    timeout.tv_usec = 100000; // Check to see if port closed every 100ms

    result = select(localPortFD+1, &localReadFDSet, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
    if (!self.isOpen) return nil; // Port closed while select call was waiting
    if (result < 0)
    {
        NSLog(@"No Data To Read");
    }

    if (result == 0 || !FD_ISSET(localPortFD, &localReadFDSet)) return nil;

    // Data is available
    char buf[1024];
    long lengthRead = read(localPortFD, buf, sizeof(buf));
    if (lengthRead>0)
    {
        NSData *readData = [NSData dataWithBytes:buf length:lengthRead];
        if (readData != nil)
            return [[NSString alloc] initWithData:readData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    }

    return nil;
}

You would think just doing:
NSString *result = nil;
do
{
   result = [serialPort directRead];
   NSLog(@"Past Message is: %@", result);
} while(result != nil);

Would flush out the messages. However, it acts as if there aren't any messages. However, if I call sendData:Message1 again I'd still see Response2 show up (in the above scenario).
Thanks for any and all help.

A: I'm having a little trouble following exactly what you're trying to do here, but in any case, it's something you'll have to implement at a higher level than ORSSerialPort or the POSIX serial read functions. ORSSerialPort will tell you any time bytes are available, as reported by the underlying standard POSIX file APIs it uses. So, there's nothing to "flush" from its perspective. If you get a response you were not expecting, e.g. a response to an "old" request, there's no way at all for the serial port to know that, it's up to your code to figure it out.
Something like this:
- (void)serialPort:(ORSSerialPort *)serialPort didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
{
    if (![self dataIsResponseToLatestRequest:data]) return; // Try again next time around

    // Process a valid (expected response)
}

This raises a couple other issues. You can't be guaranteed that data will come in "whole packets". The serial hardware, low level serial APIs, and ORSSerialPort have no way of knowing what a whole packet looks like, and therefore just deliver data a bit at a time as it arrives. See this answer for more on that. So, it's up to you to buffer incoming data and assemble it into packets.
If you need to match requests you sent with responses coming in, you have to do that yourself. (sounds like you're really already doing this).
Lastly, if you're only receiving "Response1" after sending "Message2", this leads me to think there's a problem with the device on the other side of the connection not responding to requests properly. It would probably be worth fixing that, if you can (assuming it's your hardware/software).


China, known as one of the world's four ancient civilizations, and the written history of China dates back to the Shang Dynasty which is over 3,000 years ago. In such a long history, literature has an important position at all times. Here are China's top 3 ancient books, which all have historical significance and remain valuable today.
It served as a child's first formal education at home from 13 century to even late 18 century. The text is written in triplets of characters for easy memorization. Among all the children primers in ancient China, Three Character Classic is a valuable heritage of ancient history and culture. Children learned many common characters, grammar structures, elements of Chinese history and the basis of Confucian morality, especially filial piety and respect for elders. Even nowadays, the first four lines of the book are very familiar to most youth in China. Though the work is no longer taught at public schools, some parents still use this classic to teach their young children to pronounce Chinese characters.
It is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising 305 works dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC. It can be divided into three parts which are "Airs of the States", "Hymn" and "Eulogy". "Airs of the States" is the most famous part because it relates to the people deeply. It often speaks of love and courtship, longing for an absent lover, soldiers on campaign, farming and housework, and political satire and protest. It's interesting that all the poems in ancient times can be sung as songs but the art is lost, unfortunately. Now, we can only find the written record.
This is a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher, Confucius, and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled and written by Confucius's followers. It is believed to have been written during the Warring States period (475–221 BC), and it achieved its final form during the mid-Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD). Though lots of emperors used this book as one of their governing tools in spirit, we can't deny the advantages of it nowadays.


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Ian Schuler to lead Development Seed
Eric Gundersenon Dec 10, 2013
Development Seed has acquired New Rights Group, a collective of best-of-breed technology strategists working to build better societies. Ian Schuler, who founded New Rights Group after leaving the US State Department, will take over as CEO of Development Seed while I focus on growing MapBox.
The move is a huge accelerant for the Development Seed team and its continuing push of open technology in international development. With the addition of tremendous strategy chops, Development Seed will deliver new services to partners and work to realize new opportunities for open data and open technologies.
Ian has been building great technology teams for more than a decade. In his work to promote Internet freedom, open government, and credible elections, Ian has been in the trenches in over 50 countries. From deploying real time mobile data collection systems in Sierra Leone, being the first to map all the polling stations in Palestine, to coordinating emergency response to digital activists under attack — Ian's focus has always been on tools that make a difference on the ground in critical situations.
As the new CEO, Ian will take over day-to-day operations at Development Seed, growing the team and continuing to build the future of #open in development.
Data and Tools for a New Humanitarian Response
2013 Global Adaptation Index Released Today


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A new itinerary for the Balkans
The EU's decision to lift visa restrictions for citizens of three countries of the former Yugoslavia is a major step forward.
This weekend the European Union will do something that many people in the Balkans thought impossible: it will open its borders to visitors from three countries of the former Yugoslavia. As of 19 December, citizens of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia will no longer have to obtain a visa for visits of less than three months to the Schengen area of border-free travel.
Visa restrictions have been very effective at maintaining a feeling of profound isolation across the Balkans. For close to two decades, the countries of the former Yugoslavia have found themselves on the wrong side of what Kostyantyn Yeliseyev, Ukraine's chief negotiator with the EU and a deputy foreign minister, calls a "new 'Berlin Wall' of visa restrictions" between the EU and its neighbours to the east and south-east. The feeling is especially acute in the former Yugoslavia, devastated by a decade of war, economic collapse and social upheaval.
When the real Berlin Wall fell 20 years ago, Yugoslavs were free to travel without visas across Europe, but they were quarantined when war broke out in 1991. That forced isolation has persisted until now.
Visa agreements
In recent years, the EU has signed visa facilitation agreements with all the countries of the Balkans as well as with Ukraine, Russia and Moldova. Those agreements were supposed to make travel to the Schengen area easier: applying for a visa was to be cheaper and faster. However, officials from these countries complain that the process is not working as designed.
European Voice has seen numerous examples from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Serbia and Ukraine of embassies of EU member states violating the terms of the agreements. Certain consulates appear routinely to fail to inform students and pensioners that they are eligible for a waiver of the visa fee. While it is impossible for outsiders to know or to prove, it is possible that the fee – €35 – might be pocketed by the consular staff, usually local, who receive applications. Some consulates also appear routinely to demand documents that are not required by the agreements, for example, medical records, including HIV tests. Applicants describe such demands as "humiliating".
Officials from the countries affected describe such violations as systemic and say that complaints to the European Commission have remained unanswered. A senior government official recalled how staff at a member-state consulate openly solicited a bribe when he applied for a visa for a private trip. Anecdotally, it seems that visa applicants have fairly accurate ideas of what might await them in certain consulates, so they will avoid the Austrian or Spanish consulates and go instead to the consulates of the Netherlands or Denmark, for example.
Thus, irregularities at certain consulates are not only a major nuisance for visa applicants; they also shift the burden of processing applications to other countries' consulates, putting additional strain on the resources of those consulates that fully implement the facilitation agreements. (Travellers are supposed to apply at the consulate of the main, or first, destination, but the rule is easily circumvented in practice.)
A popular decision
Such conditions explain the exuberance with which people in Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia welcomed the decision by the EU's justice ministers on 30 November that they will no longer need visas. "It's a big step for Macedonia and was enthusiastically greeted by its citizens," said Sanja Kostovska, an analyst at the Center for Research and Policy Making in Skopje. Many, possibly most, citizens of these countries have relatives or friends in the EU that they have not been able to visit freely – until now.
Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina are not part of the current round, but are likely to qualify next summer. Kosovo will remain in limbo because not all EU countries recognise its claim to statehood. There appears to be little appetite on the part of the EU – above all, Germany – to lift restrictions on Ukraine. But the EU could yet make life easier for citizens of these countries if its member states implemented the agreements that they have already signed. The wall of visa restrictions has been moved, but it has not been dismantled entirely.
WHAT IS SCHENGEN?
The Schengen area includes all EU member states except Ireland and the United Kingdom, plus non-EU members Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The Council of Ministers keeps a 'white list' of non-member states whose citizens do not need a visa for visits shorter than three months. Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia have now been added to that list.
In principle, a Schengen visa enables its holder to travel throughout the entire Schengen area without the need for additional permits. There are exceptions to this rule, known as 'Schengen minus' visas. Greece, for example, requires that Macedonian citizens obtain a separate, national visa in addition to their standard Schengen visa, an arrangement that will come to an end with Saturday's lifting of visa requirements.
LIBERALISATION V FACILITATION
The 'visa liberalisation' from which the three Balkan countries will now benefit is distinct from 'visa facilitation', currently in force with all the countries of the Balkans as well as Russia, Ukraine and Moldova.
Visa facilitation agreements, concluded in exchange for commitments to take back illegal migrants, reduce the standard, non-refundable visa fee of €60 to €35 and exempt certain groups from the fee altogether, for example pensioners, students, children or close relatives of people residing in the EU. An EU official estimated that in most countries, 50%-80% of applicants fall into one of these groups.
The agreements also stipulate that visa applications must be processed within ten calendar days and list the documents that have to be submitted to support the application.
Albania	Austria	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Denmark	Germany	Montenegro	Russia	Serbia	The Netherlands	Ukraine


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Bloomfield, CT
TaxiFareFinder's Most Requested Estimates for Connecticut (CT)
TaxiFareFinder is the trusted resource for taxi riders around the world. Through more than 200 carefully calibrated calculators, we receive millions of requests for taxi fare estimates. Thank you, fans!
Below are some of the most commonly requested routes for Connecticut (CT).
Jfk Airport, New York, United States
Stamford Court, Manchester, New Jersey 08759, United States
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Bradley International Airport (BDL)
Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
Bradley International Airport (BDL), 11 Schoephoester Rd, Windsor Locks, Connecticut 06096, United States
200 East 205th Street, Bronx, New York 10458, United States
1455 Harrod Avenue, Bronx, New York 10472, United States
Torrington, Connecticut, United States
New Britain, Connecticut, United States
Northampton, Massachusetts, United States
Meriden, Connecticut, United States
Middletown, Connecticut, United States
Yale, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
LaGuardia Airport (LGA), Grand Central Pkwy, New York, New York 11371, United States
Farmington, Connecticut, United States
Windsor, Connecticut, United States
Wallingford, Connecticut, United States
92 Cedar Street, Norwalk, Connecticut 06854, United States
281 Connecticut Avenue, Norwalk, Connecticut 06854, United States
Pine Bush, New York 12566, United States
Westchester County Airport (HPN), 240 Airport Rd, Harrison, New York, 10604, United States of America
Waterbury, Connecticut, United States
910 Wolcott St, Waterbury, Connecticut 06705, United States
802 Bound Line Road, Wolcott, Connecticut 06716, United States
Bradley International Airport (BDL), 11 Schoephoester Rd, Windsor Locks, Connecticut, 06096, United States of America
Hyatt House Shelton, 830 Bridgeport Ave, Shelton, Connecticut, 06484, United States of America
Windsor Locks, Connecticut, United States
113 Salem Tpke, Norwich, Connecticut 06360, United States
5 Connecticut Ave, Norwich, CT, United States
Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, United States
11 Ferris Ave, White Plains, New York 10601, United States
145 Huguenot Street, New Rochelle, New York 10801, United States
Newington, Connecticut, United States
465 Buckland Hills Drive, Manchester, Connecticut 06042, United States
60 Church Street, Manchester, Connecticut 06040, United States
626 Park Road, West Hartford, Connecticut 06107, United States
Cross Sound Ferry - New London Terminal, 2 Ferry St, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
108 Sound Beach Avenue, Old Greenwich, Connecticut 06870, United States
509 East Putnam Avenue, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830, United States


text:
// BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK
// Version: CMPL 1.1
//
// The contents of this file are subject to the Cisco-style Mozilla Public
// License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
// in compliance with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License
// at www.eclipse-clp.org/license.
//
// Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
// basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See
// the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
// under the License.
//
// The Original Code is  CPViz Constraint Visualization System
// The Initial Developer of the Original Code is  Helmut Simonis
// Portions created by the Initial Developer are
// Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Helmut Simonis
//
// Contributor(s): 	Helmut Simonis, 4C, Univerity College Cork, Cork
//
//
// END LICENSE BLOCK
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
package ie.ucc.cccc.viz;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * Data structure to hold two dimensional arrays by an index with two elements. This is used
 * for all matrix views.
 *
 * @author hsimonis
 *
 */
public class FullDomainMap extends HashMap<Pair,FullDomain>{

	/**
	 *
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -2796463340451872179L;

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


2. Coat a 9x9 cast iron skillet or baking dish with cookie dough about 1/4 inch thick (no more).
3. Bake the cookie dough shell until golden brown and set in center, usually about 25 minutes.
5. While cooling fold chunks of cookie dough into whipped cream and refreeze.
6. Once the shell is fully cool, scoop the whipped cream cookie dough mixture into the shell and top with more little chunks of cookie dough. Voila!
7. Freeze until ready to eat! YUM!


A best practice in the manufacturing sector and considered the gold standard for measuring productivity, Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) provides crucial insights in manufacturing. It was a term coined by Seiichi Nakajimain the 1960s to evaluate how effectively a manufacturing operation is utilized. It is based on the Harrington Emerson way of thinking regarding labor efficiency.The results are stated in a generic form, which allows comparison between manufacturing units in differing industries. It is not, however an absolute measure and is best used to identify scope for process performance improvement, and how to get the improvement.
It is understood that manufacturing is a complex and costly process. Absolute efficiency is crucial to success — using metrics and guidelines, manufacturers remain in control over process and production. OEE is the tool which combines manufacturing issues and data points to provide information about the process. Every member of a manufacturing team can use the data to better understand the current state of a process. It provides a strong framework to accurately track underlying issues and root causes, along with a framework for improvement. OEE metrics can accurately and quickly reflect the current state of any manufacturing process. Conversely, it can also be a very complex tool, allowing an understanding of the true effects of various issues.
The four components of the OEE framework are: OEE, Availability, Performance and Quality (OEE = Availability x Performance x Quality). The Availability key refers to the machine being available. The Performance key refers to how much waste is created through running at less than best speed. The Quality key focuses on the time wasted by producing a product that doesn't meet standards. It then allows manufacturing companies to pull together separate business functions into simple, but powerfully useful metrics. Finally, by using OEE concepts, waste can be exposed and understood, and efficiencies maximized.


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What's The Song From Chrysler's Super Bowl Ad?
This year, Chrysler is trying to reinvent itself starting with their new "Motor City" Super Bowl commercial featuring Detroit's own Eminem. While the song playing in the background is clearly Eminem's and is somewhat familiar, many are left wondering what the name of that track is.
It's actually a remake of Lose Yourself which was originally featured in the soundtrack for Eminem's movie 8 Mile. Unfortunately, there is no way to buy or download the remake yet; However, if Eminem decides to release the single, we will let you know. In the meanwhile, enjoy the commercial.
Lil Wayne Releases A Sequel To Eminem's Song Stan
Eminem Kills Self in Space Bound Video
Do Bands Pay To Perform at The Super Bowl?
What's That Song From The 2015 Budweiser Super Bowl Ad?
The CIA's Favorite Music Torture Songs
Drowning Pool
Angry Music


This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant version 1.4 (link)](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html), [Rust's Code of Conduct](https://www.rust-lang.org/conduct.html), and the [Citizen Code of Conduct](http://citizencodeofconduct.org/).
@@ -44,17 +44,17 @@ All of our code is on [our Gitea instance here (link)](http://git.lollipopcloud.
If you're interested in submitting updates, please stop by our chat room and/or open a ticket in [our issue tracker (link)](https://git.lollipopcloud.solutions/) and/or open a pull request. *All are 100% okay*.
- - we have a NextCloud deployment on our Private Infrastructure for managing organizational documents. This is NOT a public service.
We control our own destiny online for the Lollipop Project, and our goal is to allow others to do the same with minimal effort.
More will be posted as the project comes online.
The team will work with the community to ensure the project continues to improve and evolve in a positive, forward, accessible fashion.
If you're interested in deploying something similar we have an open ticket [here (link)](https://git.lollipopcloud.solutions/lollipop-docker/prosody/issues/12) that details the Prosody setup we have deployed.
Feel free to borrow and remix as you see fit.
They've been granted moderator status in XMPP/Matrix and we are working with them to get them the approprate, elevated privileges on our other public services.
You should start seeing more GPG signatures appearing on our git repos, website and download site. We will be sure to devote some blog space to this topic once things are 100% and are fully implemented by our team. Our plan is to ensure each of our team members are setup with a GPG key for signatures, encryption and authorization. The goal being *ALL* of our public facing services, data, etc will be fully signed so our users can verify the integrity of everything we publish.
Thank you for your interest, questions, and support!
We aren't going anywhere, and we are dedicated to making this a long-term project. Going forward, we will keep the blog posts coming, and continue providing insights into the non-visible aspects of the project.


It's the fifth weekly round up and if you didn't know this week I picked up a German Shepherd cross Husky puppy with my mum! She is an absolute stunner. I feel this is probably the most exciting part of my week so far to be quite honest but I do get to spend the whole day with her today which I'm looking forward too!
I also had University this week and I'm really enjoying it, although it is only the second week in. I finally feel like I'm on track and know what I'm doing. However, there has been a couple of issues with group presentations and decision making between the group but this has been sorted (someone left the group to make it a lot easier). As I'm a student, a lot of you requested I created a student series here on my blog so I can share my hints and tips with you. So if you have any posts in mind that you would like me to create, then let me know!
As I've mentioned before on my blog, I've been quite unhappy with my job and I haven't known what to do. I was speaking to the girl I job share with this week and she mentioned she'd happily work with the child we both work with, five times a week instead of three. If I'd like to work with a young girl who has Autism who she works with when I'm in. This is something that has been on my mind this weekend, do I work with a younger child with Autism or stick with the child who I currently work with who has ADHD. It's an issue I'm currently stuck with and I don't know what to do. If any of you work with or know children with Autism, let me know. I'd love to have a chat.
So, it's now half term! If you're at school, or any type of Education; what are you up too for the next week?


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You are here: Home / News / Featured / We have officially kicked off our Tracks Program!
AYSA has created the Tracks youth outreach and wellbeing program for the Central Great Southern region, areas of service include Tambellup, Kojonup, Katanning and Gnowangerup. The Tracks Program is designed to assist families with young people who need support improving their wellbeing and mental health outcomes. The program is funded by Western Australia Primary Health Alliance which has provided $226, 000 over 12 months. This is funding 2 Aboriginal Youth Workers based locally in Central Great Southern to work with the community for better mental health outcomes.
What is Tracks?
The Tracks Program will support young people age 12 to 25 and their families to improve the wellbeing and mental health of young people. This will be achieved by providing youth work, case management and shared-cared response from a range of services who will work together to care and support the young person and their family.
Tracks Youth Workers will work with young people who are at risk of developing a serious mental illness like psychosis, depression and anxiety. Tracks will support young people by providing a holistic support service that targets factors that are impacting young people and their family's wellbeing.
Tracks staff will work together with partner agencies to provide support and guidance to young people and their families to discuss service responses and actions. This collaboration is aimed at managing and addressing wellbeing and mental health concerns and liking different kinds of support available to young people and their families.
May 24, 2012 /0 Comments/by orla