We simply decided that we would not smoke another cigarette NO MATTER WHAT. Once you make the commitment, you WILL get through what it takes.
Just hang in there - it gets easier --- and the next thing you know, you have a MONTH, then a YEAR!
Completely agree. I took one day at a time and then I noticed I had 3 DOF...then 10 DOF...and now over 100 DOF. I tell myself NOPE and SINAO and I truly believe I don't do that anymore!
Huge caring cyber hug from me to you Jacque-smoke-freedom ,we are all here for you dear friend and fellow Exer.
Thanks Marilyn, and everyone!! Marilyn I hope you had a happy thanksgiving, we sure did.
One day at a time, and the days add up like pearls on a string!
I really like that Christine13, The days add up like the pearls on a string!
So true, once you really believe...you really CAN do anything. Quitting smoking is only the beginning of what we can do!
It really is true - if we believe it - we can make it happen! Thanks Marilyn!


The participants of the Expert Meeting Groundwater Salinisation, which was organized by the SALTSA project at the University of Oldenburg in June 2018.
In June 2018, the project SALTSA organised the first expert workshop on groundwater salinisation in Oldenburg. The consortium invited all experts that have been interviewed since the project started in 2017.
The purpose of this workshop was to kickstart an interactive discussion where the project team and 14 experts discussed the main drivers of groundwater salinisation and possible actions to deal with related problems in the coastal area of north western Germany.
The SALTSA project team from the University of Oldenburg, i.e. the PhD student Leena Karrasch, the research scientists Wencke Schubert and Janek Greskowiak, as well as the Principal Investigators Gudrun Massmann and Bernd Siebenhüner, presented and explained the intermediate SALTSA project results and basic information from both strands, density dependent groundwater flow modelling and semi-structured interviews.
Throughout the workshop, participants were asked to think critically about the challenges facing groundwater salinisation in the project area. They had the opportunity to identify and evaluate drivers of groundwater salinisation within the project area, such as sea level rise, river dredging, water extraction rates or salt domes.
Additionally, physical framing conditions for the development of future scenarios have been co-designed with the participants. The scenarios will consider sea level rise, shifts in brackish-water zones of Ems and Weser estuaries, groundwater recharge and extraction rates as well as different groundwater levels.
In the end, the participants explored measures to deal with and increase the resilience to groundwater salinisation. Possible solutions are for example designation of water retention areas, adjustment of water extraction rates and sensible groundwater management.


We hope you can find what you need here. We always effort to show a picture with HD resolution or at least with perfect images. Wandleuchte Innen Mit Bewegungsmelder Ehrfürchtige Kollektion Bewegungsmelder Und Rollladensteuerung can be beneficial inspiration for those who seek an image according specific categories; you can find it in this site. Finally all pictures we have been displayed in this site will inspire you all..


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Mining Data Solutions
Castelo de Sonhos Project
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devices with screen width under 750 px.
17 km NE from Castelo dos Sonhos, Brazil
Project Contacts:
Dos Mundurucus 3100 Sala 1207 Edif Metropolitan Tower Cremacao
British Columbia, Brazil
(91)-3212-7345
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Thank you for browsing through mine profiles compiled by the Mining Data Online team.
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Stage Preliminary Economic Assessment
Mine Type Open Pit
Mining Method
Truck & Shovel / Loader
Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
Carbon in pulp (CIP)
Carbon adsorption-desorption-recovery (ADR)
Elution
Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
Cyanide (reagent)
On-Site Camp 20 person
Mine Life 9.1 years (as of Jan 1, 2018)
Latest News Tristar Gold Receives C$914,614 from Warrant Exercise, Fully Funded for an Aggressive Exploration Program and PFS Study July 28, 2020
Source: p. 5
Tristar Gold Inc. 100 % Indirect
Mineração Castelo Dos Sonhos Ltda. 100 % Direct
TriStar is engaged in the exploration and development of precious metals deposits. Its principal exploration property is the Castelo de Sonhos ("CDS") property located in Pará State in northern Brazil. CDS is 100% owned by an indirect Brazilian subsidiary Mineração Castelo Dos Sonhos Ltda.
Deposit Type
Paleoplacer
Conglomerate hosted
Source: p.18-19, 52-54
The gold deposits on the Castelo dos Sonhos plateau are classified as modified paleo-placers (Frimmel, 2005), mineral deposits in which free gold grains accumulated in ancient gravels that were subsequently slightly modified by low-grade metamorphism.
Most of the gold mineralization in the Castelo dos Sonhos Formation lies in a central band where the various conglomerate lithologies dominate. At the base and top of this band, the conglomerates are interlayered with arenites, which become more frequent as one moves away from the conglomeratic band, either downward into the older rocks (the lower arenite) or upward into the younger rocks (the upper arenite).
The mineralization was also modified by shearing and open folding and hydrothermal fluids associated with subjacent granitic intrusion which affect much of the mineralized conglomerate band. The most widespread of these are silicic and hematitic alteration, both of which can, in places, be intense. Other alteration minerals that are less widespread and generally less intense include sericite, muscovite, fuchsite and epidote.
Gold occurs as free grains and flakes of various sizes, from sub-visible (less than 100 microns) to highly visible, supergene enrichment creates nuggets that can reach a few centimetres in size.
The two predominant styles of mineralization are:
1. Paleo-placer: Free grains of gold that were likely deposited along with the sediments. In corethese can be seen in the matrix of the conglomerate, sometimes in heavy mineral bands;
2. Remobilized: Gold associated with alteration, usually hematitic alteration. Free grains of gold have been observed in hematite-filled fractures, and as thin films plated onto fracture surfaces.
Gold mineralization occurs throughout the conglomeratic band. Although there are many barren samples within the conglomerate, there are gold grades above 0.5g/t in almost every drill hole that penetrates more than half of the stratigraphic thickness of the central conglomeratic band. Gold grades tend to be higher in the central cobble unit, often reaching several grams per tonne. The lowest grade encountered in drilling to date is below detection limit; the highest grade encountered in drilling to date is a 38g/t assay over a 2m interval. The existence of gold in heavy mineral bands, and its tendency to be more frequent in the proximal rocks are consistent with the view that most of the gold in the conglomerate band was deposited along with the sediments.
Where gold mineralization extends into the upper and lower arenites, such as the interval of 5–10g/t mineralization seen at the base of the upper arenite in several Esperança South drillholes, this is understood to be the result of remobilization caused by hydrothermal fluids. This remobilized gold in the arenites, along with direct observations of gold in direct association with hematite-filled fractures in the conglomerates, confirms that some of the gold within the conglomerate band must also be remobilized. The low temperatures of dike emplacement, the low grade of metamorphism, the difficulty of keeping gold in solution, and the proximity of the remobilized gold in the arenites to the conglomerate band all support the view that remobilized gold did not travel far from where it was originally deposited as paleo-placer gold. There is currently no evidence that any of the remobilized gold has migrated more than a few tens of metres.
The strike length of the mineralized conglomerate is approximately 16km; samples from outcrops and workings along the entire length of this band return both barren samples and well mineralized samples. The true width of the central conglomerate band is 250-300m at surface, the apparent width is close to true width in Esperança West, where the dip is vertical, and is approximately three times the true width in Esperança Center, where the dip can be as low as 20°.
The true depth of mineralization is unknown since the deepest parts of the conglomerate have never been encountered in drilling, but are known to be at least 500m from surface in the center of the plateau. In drill holes, well mineralized samples (above 4g/t) have been encountered at depths of 300m. The current mineral resource estimate spans the entire width of the conglomerate band (250-300m true width), but is restricted in its strike length by the availability of drilling and by the decision to report resources to a depth of only 150m. Some of the blocks on the edge of the current resource model are well mineralized, leaving the model open in the strike direction and down dip.
Esperança South
The mineralization in Esperança South is hosted in a series of stacked metaconglomerate beds striking north-south or northeast-southwest and dipping west, or northwest, at 30° to 35°, with thicknesses of individual mineralized reefs ranging from 2m to 20m. The mineralized reefs in Esperança South are thinner and higher grade than Esperança Center.
Esperança Center
The mineralization is hosted in a series of beds, striking north-south and dipping 20° to 30° west. Thicknesses of individual mineralized reefs range from 1m to 20m. Although the highest grades in Esperança South are higher than in Esperança Center, it is Esperança Center that has the higher average grade because it has far fewer very low-grade intervals. With more of the grade distribution lying close to an average of 0.2g/t, the thickness of mineralized horizons in Esperança Center increases as the cut-off used to define a significant interval is lowered. At cut-offs near 0.2g/t, there are many thick intervals, some exceeding 50m, in Esperança Center.
Mining Methods
Source: p.105, 108, 117
The Castelo de Sonhos Project will be an open pit operation utilizing a contract mining fleet of hydraulic excavators, front-end loaders and 36 tonne haul trucks, associated with correspondent ancillary equipment. The mine planning model adopted is a "diluted" model, adding approximately 0 % dilution and 95% of recovery to the source model.
The disposal of waste rock will be executed on an area close to the pit. The site shall be adequately prepared to include drainage at its base and channels to direct the flow of water with the aim of aiding geotechnical stability and mitigating the erosion of the stockpiled material.
The operation of this phase, in accordance with the ascending method, shall begin during the construction of the heap at the base of this area. Waste rock will be disposed by truck, which will then be uniformly distributed and leveled by an operator using a tractor. The procedure is then repeated, stacking another bank above the original one, while maintaining a ramp for the trucks to be able to access the area.
Pit design parameters:
- Overall Slope Angle - 55°
- Face Angle - 79°
- Bench Height ROM - 8
- Bench Height Waste - 4
- Berm width - 4
- Berm width - 30m
- Road Ramp width - 12m.
The mining services will be outsourced and are based on a small-scale equipment projection to meet the selectivity requirements of the proposed mining. A CAT 345 hydraulic excavator equipped with a bucket with a volume of 3.1m3 was selected, as well as Scania G440 40-ton trucks, equipped with a hard rock type bucket. DX800 rotary type drills, with a 4" diameter drill bit, were selected for the perforation of the rock.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Groupe Rockabilly Anglais formé en 1977 au Nord de Londres et composé de Tim "Polecat" Worman, Martin "Boz" Boorer, Phil Bloomberg et Chris Hawkes. À l'origine le groupe jouait sous le nom de Cult Heroes. Plus tard, Chris Hawkes est remplacé par Neil Roney, lui-même remplacé par John Buck.
Equally bequiffed but more heavily made-up than their contemporaries, the Polecats were one of the more successful bands involved in the early 80s UK rockabilly revival. Martin 'Boz' Boorer (guitar) and Tim 'Polecat' Worman (guitar/Vocalss) first played together while still at school in the mid-70s. They were joined in the earliest Polecats line-up by Phil Bloomberg (double bass) and Chris Hawkes (drums), performing at their local church hall in September 1978. Bloomberg played bass and drums on their earliest recordings, which led to the first release on the Nervous label which would later release more rockabilly both past and present. 'Chicken Shack' proved strong enough to attract the attention of Mercury Records who put the band, now with new drummer Neil Rooney, under the production auspices of Dave Edmunds. The first single for the label was a cover version of David Bowie's 'John I'm Only Dancing' which made the UK Top 40 in early 1981 and was followed up with a re-recording of 'Rockabilly Guy' (the b-side to 'Chicken Shack') which was also a Top 40 hit. For their third Mercury single they covered Marc Bolan's 'Jeepster', helped out by the song's original producer Tony Visconti. Boorer was a Bolan devotee, taking his hero's place in later re-formations of John's Children which he helped instigate. The Polecats' debut album also charted briefly but the rockabilly surge was fading and neither the 1983 Edward's produced mini-album Make A Circuit With Me, nor its title track, lifted as a single, made the charts. The following year the band, with John Buck replacing Rooney, were back recording for Nervous where they released Cult Heroes. Boorer, Worman, Bloomberg and Buck reunited in the late 80s to record a new album for the Vinyl Japan label. The quartet continues to work together on a regular basis, touring Japan and recording new studio albums. Away from the Polecats, Boorer spent most of the 90s as Morrissey's post-Johnny Marr musical collaborator, while Worman formed 13 Cats with Slim Jim Phantom (ex-Stray Cats).


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\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\vspace{.5in}
\begin{flushright}
gr-qc/0702094\\
January 2007\\
\end{flushright}
\vspace{.5in}
\begin{center}
{\Large\bf
 Black Hole Entropy and the Problem of Universality}\\
\vspace{.4in}
{S.~C{\sc arlip}\footnote{\it email: carlip@physics.ucdavis.edu}\\
       {\small\it Department of Physics}\\
       {\small\it University of California}\\
       {\small\it Davis, CA 95616}\\{\small\it USA}}
\end{center}

\vspace{.5in}
\begin{center}
{\large\bf Abstract}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{4.75in}
{\small
A key test of any quantum theory of gravity is its ability to reproduce
the known thermodynamic properties of black holes.  A statistical
mechanical description of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy once seemed
remote, but today we suffer an embarrassment of riches: many different
approaches to quantum gravity yield the same entropy, despite counting
very different states.  This ``universality'' suggests that some
underlying feature of the classical theory may control the quantum
density of states.  I discuss the possibility that this feature is an
approximate two-dimensional conformal symmetry near the horizon.
}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}
\addtocounter{footnote}{-1}

\section{Introduction}

In the continuing search for a quantum theory of gravity, black hole
thermodynamics may be the nearest thing we have to an ``experimental''
result.  While Hawking radiation has not yet been directly observed,
the derivations of the Hawking temperature \cite{Hawking} and the
Bekenstein-Hawking entropy \cite{Bekenstein} are robust enough that
any purported quantum theory that failed to reproduce these results
would be viewed with deep skepticism.

The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy depends on both Newton's constant $G$
and Planck's constant $\hbar$, and an understanding of the microscopic
states responsible for this entropy might provide fundamental insights
into quantum gravity.  A decade ago, the question of what these microstates
were had a simple answer: ``We don't know.''  Several interesting
ideas had been proposed---entanglement entropy, for example \cite{Sorkin},
or the entropy of quantum fields near the horizon \cite{tHooft}---but
none seemed adequate.

Today, by contrast, we suffer from an embarrassment of riches.  The
Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a black hole can apparently be explained
by
\begin{itemize}
\item weakly coupled string and D-brane states \cite{StromVafa,Peet};
\item horizonless ``fuzzball'' geometries \cite{Mathur};
\item states in a dual conformal field theory ``at infinity'' \cite{AGMOO};
\item spin network states at the horizon \cite{Ashtekar};
\item spin networks \emph{inside} the horizon \cite{Livine};
\item ``heavy'' degrees of freedom in induced gravity \cite{Fursaev};
\item elements of a causal set in the domain of dependence of a horizon
 \cite{Rideout};
\item inherently global characteristics of a black hole spacetime
 \cite{Hawkingb};
\item no microscopic states: the entropy can be obtained from quantum
 field theory in a fixed background, with no information about quantum
 gravity needed \cite{Hawking}.
\end{itemize}
None of these explanations is complete---string theory, for example,
typically gives exact answers only for supersymmetric black holes
and their duals, while loop quantum gravity requires a choice of a
poorly understood adjustable parameter.  But within their domains of
applicability, all seem to work.  This is a puzzle: even if one rejects
the existing approaches to quantum gravity, one must still explain why
Hawking's original calculation, which required no detailed assumptions
about quantum gravity, should agree with the enumeration of states in
\emph{any} quantum theory.

To put this puzzle in context, it is useful to compare ``ordinary''
thermodynamics.  The quantum theory of an ideal gas allows us to specify
and count states, and the resulting entropy agrees, up to typically
small corrections, with the classical prediction.  But this is to be
expected: the correspondence principle relates the quantum states to
the classical phase space, forcing an approximate agreement between
the two theories.  A classical black hole, on the other hand, has
no hair---there \emph{is} no classical phase space to explain the
thermodynamics.  The states responsible for black hole entropy must
be fundamentally quantum mechanical, and there is no obvious reason
for them to have any preconceived behavior.

The ideal gas analogy suggests, however, that perhaps some \emph{different}
classical property of general relativity might control the density of
quantum states.  It is thus natural to search for some classical aspect
of general relativity---perhaps a symmetry---that might govern the
state-counting of quantum gravity.

\section{Conformal symmetry and the Cardy formula}

There is, to the best of my knowledge, only one known case in which a
classical symmetry determines a universal form for the density of states
of a quantum theory.  A two-dimensional conformal field theory is
characterized by two symmetry generators $L[\xi]$ and ${\bar L}[{\bar\xi}]$,
which generate holomorphic and antiholomorphic diffeomorphisms.  The
Poisson bracket algebra of these generators is given by the unique
central extension of the group of two-dimensional diffeomorphisms, the
Virasoro algebra:
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\{L[\xi],L[\eta]\right\} &=& L[\eta\xi' - \xi\eta']
  + \frac{c}{48\pi}\int dz
  \left( \eta'\xi^{\prime\prime} - \xi'\eta^{\prime\prime}\right)\nonumber \\
\left\{{\bar L}[{\bar\xi}],{\bar L}[{\bar\eta}]\right\}
  &=& {\bar L}[{\bar\eta}{\bar\xi}' - {\bar\xi}{\bar\eta}']
  + \frac{{\bar c}}{48\pi}\int d{\bar z}
  \left( {\bar\eta}'{\bar\xi}^{\prime\prime}
  - {\bar\xi}'{\bar\eta}^{\prime\prime}\right) \label{a1}\\
\left\{L[\xi],{\bar L}[{\bar\eta}]\right\} &=& 0 \ ,\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where the central charges $c$ and $\bar c$ (the ``conformal anomalies'')
depend on the particular theory.  The zero-mode generators $L_0 =
L[\xi_0]$ and ${\bar L}_0 = {\bar L}[{\bar\xi}_0]$ are conserved
charges, roughly analogous to energies.

In 1986, Cardy discovered a remarkable characteristic of such theories
\cite{Cardy,Cardyb}.  Given \emph{any} two-dimensional conformal
field theory for which the lowest eigenvalues $\Delta_0$ of $L_0$ and
${\bar\Delta}_0$ of ${\bar L}_0$ are nonnegative, the asymptotic density
of states at large eigenvalues $\Delta$ and $\bar\Delta$ takes the
form
\begin{equation}
\ln\rho(\Delta,{\bar\Delta}) \sim
  2\pi\sqrt{\frac{(c-24\Delta_0)\Delta}{6}}
  + 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{({\bar c}-24{\bar\Delta}_0){\bar\Delta}}{6}} \ .
\label{a2}
\end{equation}
Higher order corrections to this relation are also uniquely determined
\cite{Carlipl,Farey,Birminghama}.  The entropy is thus fixed by
symmetry, independent of any details of the states being counted.

Black holes are not, of course, two-dimensional, and neither are they
conformally invariant.  But there is a sense in which the near-horizon
region of a black hole is \emph{almost} two-dimensional and \emph{almost}
conformally invariant.  For example, a quantum fields near the horizon
can be approximately described by two-dimensional conformal field theory
\cite{Birmingham,Gupta,Camblong}; indeed, such a description has recently
been shown to determine the Hawking temperature, by a procedure closely
related to the computation of the conformal anomaly \cite{Wilczek,Iso}.
Further, the surface gravity, and therefore the Hawking temperature,
of a black hole may be expressed in a conformally invariant manner
\cite{Jacobson}, and a generic black hole metric admits an approximate
conformal Killing vector near the horizon \cite{Martin,Martinb}.  So
it is at least possible that results from two-dimensional conformal
field theory may be relevant.

\section{The BTZ black hole}

The first demonstration that conformal field theory techniques could
explain black hole thermodynamics came from the study of the BTZ black
hole \cite{BTZ,BHTZ,Carlipa,Carlipb}, a three-dimensional, asymptotically
anti-de Sitter black hole with cosmological constant $\Lambda=-1/\ell^2$
and metric
\begin{eqnarray}
ds^2 &=& -( N^\perp)^2dt^2 + f^{-2}dr^2
  + r^2\left( d\phi + N^\phi dt\right)^2 \label{a3}\\
&&\hbox{\small with}\ \ N^\perp = f
  = \left( -8GM + \frac{r^2}{\ell^2} + \frac{16G^2J^2}{4r^2} \right)^{1/2},
  \quad N^\phi = - \frac{4GJ}{r^2} \ .\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Although the spacetime described by (\ref{a3}) is one of constant negative
curvature, it is a genuine black hole, with a Carter-Penrose diagram
virtually identical to that of the usual four-dimensional Schwarzschild-AdS
black hole.  The BTZ black hole has an event horizon at $r_+$ and an inner
Cauchy horizon at $r_-$, with
\begin{equation}
M = \frac{r_{+}^{2} + r_{-}^{2}}{8G\ell^{2}} \ , \qquad
J = \frac{r_{+}r_{-}}{4G\ell} \ .\label{a3a}
\end{equation}
Most important for our purposes, the BTZ black hole exhibits conventional
thermodynamic behavior, with an entropy
\begin{equation}
S = \frac{2\pi r_+}{4\hbar G}
\label{a4}
\end{equation}
equal to a quarter of its horizon size.

The existence of such thermodynamic properties is, at first sight, a
mystery: general relativity in three spacetime dimensions has no local
degrees of freedom \cite{Carlipc}, and there seems to be no room for
microscopic states to account for the entropy.  A partial resolution
was discovered independently by Strominger \cite{Strominger} and
Birmingham, Sachs, and Sen \cite{BSS}.  The asymptotic boundary of
three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space is a flat two-dimensional cylinder,
so it is not too surprising that the diffeomorphisms that preserve the
asymptotic behavior of the BTZ metric form a Virasoro algebra.  It is,
perhaps, surprising that this algebra has a classical central charge,
but Brown and Henneaux showed in 1986 that it does \cite{BH}, with
\begin{equation}
 c = {\bar c} = \frac{3\ell}{2G}\quad \hbox{and} \quad
\Delta = \frac{1}{16G\ell} (r_+ + r_-)^2 \ , \quad
{\bar\Delta} = \frac{1}{16G\ell} (r_+ - r_-)^2 \ .
\label{a4a}
\end{equation}
Substituting these values into the Cardy formula (\ref{a2}), and
assuming that $\Delta_0={\bar\Delta}_0=0$, one easily obtains the
entropy (\ref{a4}).

The entropy thus seems to be related to ``boundary conditions'' at
infinity.  We can gain further insight by considering the Chern-Simons
formulation of three-dimensional gravity \cite{Achucarro,Witten}.  While
a Chern-Simons theory is gauge-invariant on a \emph{compact} manifold,
the presence of a boundary breaks this symmetry.  The result is a
Goldstone-like mechanism, in which ``would-be pure gauge'' degrees
of freedom become physical at the boundary \cite{Carlipe}, leading
to a dynamical Wess-Zumino-Witten model, in this case at infinity
\cite{EMSS,Carlipm}.  A similar emergence of Goldstone-like dynamical
degrees of freedom can be demonstrated, with a bit more difficulty,
in the metric formalism \cite{Manvelyan,Carlipd}.  Whether these
degrees of freedom can actually explain the entropy (\ref{a4}) remains
an open question---for a review, see \cite{Carlipb}---but they are
certainly good candidates.

\section{How to ask the right question}

While these results for the BTZ black hole are certainly suggestive,
they are also clearly not good enough.  The Chern-Simons formulation
of gravity is possible only in three dimensions, and it is only in
three dimensions that the boundary will admit a nice two-dimensional
description.  While many string theoretical black holes have a near-horizon
structure that looks like that of a BTZ black hole \cite{Skenderis},
allowing the use of the results of the preceding section, most black
holes do not have such nice characteristics.

Moreover, it would be useful to find black hole microstates at the
horizon rather than at infinity.  Although a ``holographic'' description
at infinity may be possible, such a description would make it rather
difficult to disentangle degrees of freedom in a spacetime with more
than one black hole.  There are, for example, multi-black hole solutions
in three dimensions with the same asymptotic symmetries as the BTZ black
hole \cite{Mansson}; a complete microscopic description of black hole
entropy should surely allow us to distinguish these.

We might thus take away the following lessons from the BTZ black hole:
\begin{itemize}
\item we should look for ``broken gauge invariance'' to provide
 new degrees of freedom;
\item we should at least \emph{hope} for an effective two-dimensional
 picture, which would allow us to use the Cardy formula;
\item but we should look near the horizon for our new Goldstone-like
 modes.
\end{itemize}

To proceed further, we must first address a general but somewhat delicate
issue: how does one ask a question about a black hole in a quantum theory
of gravity?  This question is seldom asked, because the ``usual'' answer
seems obvious: we fix a black hole background, and then ask about quantum
fields, gravitational perturbations, and the like in that background.  In
a full quantum theory of gravity, however, we cannot do this: there is
no fixed background, and the uncertainty relations prevent us from simply
imposing a black hole metric.

A question about a black hole in quantum gravity is a question about a
conditional probability: ``If [some defining characteristic] is present,
what is the probability of [some black hole property]?''  To answer, we
must first choose a defining characteristic (\emph{not} the full classical
metric!), and then figure out how to require its presence.  For the BTZ
black hole computation of the preceding section, for example, the defining
characteristic was the asymptotic behavior of the metric.  We may instead
impose boundary conditions at past null infinity ${\cal I}^-$ \cite{Cadoni}.
To search for horizon degrees of freedom, we might impose conditions on
the near-horizon behavior of the metric at constant time (see, for example,
\cite{Carliph,Carlipi,Navarro,Cvitanb}), or on the behavior of the metric
near a null ``isolated horizon'' (see, for example, \cite{Solo,Carlipj,%
Giacomini,Carlipf}).  In each case, the hope is that such conditions
break gauge (or diffeomorphism) invariance in a manner that leads to
new degrees of freedom.

I know of two ways to impose such conditions.  One, first introduced
in \cite{Carlipe}, is to treat the horizon as a sort of ``boundary''
at which suitable boundary conditions are prescribed.  In a path integral
approach, for instance, we can split spacetime into two regions along
a hypersurface $\mathcal H$ and perform separate path integrals over
fields on each side, with fields at $\mathcal H$ restricted by our
horizon conditions.  Such split path integral has been studied in detail
in three dimensions \cite{Wittenc}, where it leads to the same WZW models
that were discussed in the preceding section.  The horizon is not, of
course, a genuine boundary, but it is a hypersurface upon which we impose
``boundary conditions,'' and this turns out to be good enough.

For the black hole, this ``horizon as boundary'' approach has been shown
to correctly reproduce the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy by way of the Cardy
formula \cite{Carliph,Carlipi,Navarro,Cvitanb}.  On the other hand, the
diffeomorphisms whose algebra yields that central charge---essentially
those that leave the lapse function invariant---are generated by vector
fields that blow up at the horizon, and the significance of this divergence
is not yet clear \cite{Dreyer,Koga,Pinamonti,Huang,Bergamin,Kogab,Kogac}.
It has also been difficult to apply these methods directly to the
two-dimensional black hole.

A second, newer, approach is to literally impose the desired ``defining
characteristics'' of the black hole as added constraints in the canonical
theory.  We can then use the standard tools of constrained Hamiltonian
dynamics \cite{Dirac,Diracb,Bergmann} to study the resulting model.
This approach was first proposed in \cite{Carlipf}, and has had some
successes, but is still in its early stages.  In the following section,
I will briefly illustrate it for the two-dimensional dilaton black hole.

\section{Dilaton gravity with horizon constraints}

Two-dimensional dilaton gravity is described by the action
\begin{equation}
I = \frac{1}{16\pi G}\int d^2x\sqrt{g}\left(\varphi R + V[\varphi]\right)
\label{a5}
\end{equation}
with a metric $g_{ab}$ and a scalar dilaton $\varphi$ with an arbitrary
potential $V[\varphi]$ \cite{Kunstatter,Grumiller}.  This action appears
in many contexts; in particular, it can be obtained by dimensionally
reducing higher-dimensional general relativity, in which case $\varphi$
has an interpretation as the ``transverse area.''  Although the restriction
to two dimensions is a strong one, the action (\ref{a5}) arguably describes
the generic behavior of a black hole near enough to the horizon.

Let us now look at ``Euclidean'' dilaton gravity, and consider the method
of ``radial quantization'' used in string theory.  That is, we take the
metric to be positive definite,
\begin{equation}
ds^2 = N^2f^2 dr^2 + f^2\left(dt + \alpha dr\right)^2 \ ,
\label{a6}
\end{equation}
and evolve radially outward from the origin.  Using standard canonical
methods, it is straightforward to check that the momenta conjugate to
$f$ and $\varphi$ are
\begin{equation}
\pi_f = \frac{1}{Nf}\left(\varphi' - \alpha{\dot\varphi}\right) \ ,\qquad
\pi_{\varphi} = \frac{1}{Nf}\left(f' - (\alpha f)^\cdot\,\right) \ ,
\end{equation}
and that the generators of diffeomorphisms are
\begin{equation}
{\cal H}_\perp = f\pi_f\pi_\varphi
  + f\left(\frac{\dot\varphi}{f}\right)^\cdot - f^2V \ ,\qquad
{\cal H}_\parallel = \pi_\varphi\dot\varphi -f{\dot\pi}_f \ .
\label{a7}
\end{equation}
It is also not hard to show that these symmetries form a Virasoro algebra
(with $c={\bar c}=0$), with
\begin{equation}
L = \frac{1}{2}\left({\cal H}_\parallel + i{\cal H}_\perp\right) \ , \qquad
{\bar L} = \frac{1}{2}\left({\cal H}_\parallel - i{\cal H}_\perp\right) \ .
\label{a8}
\end{equation}

Let us now impose ``horizon constraints'' on our initial surface.
Teitelboim \cite{Teitelboim} has shown that the condition for the origin
to be a horizon in Euclidean gravity is that $\varphi' = \dot\varphi = 0$,
or, equivalently, $s = {\bar s} = 0$, where
\begin{equation}
\vartheta = \left(\dot\varphi - if\pi_f\right)/\varphi
\label{a9}
\end{equation}
is the Euclidean version of the expansion and $s=\varphi\vartheta$.
This is not quite suitable for our purposes, though, since it gives
a constraint at a single point rather than an initial surface.  To
define radial evolution, we must instead start at a ``stretched horizon,''
a small circle around the horizon.  The appropriate constraint---determined,
for example, by the requirement that the Hamiltonian be well-defined
\cite{Carlipj}---can be written in terms of $s$ and the surface gravity
$\kappa$ as
\cite{Carlipf,Carlipk}
\begin{equation}
K = s - a\varphi_+(\kappa-\kappa_+) = 0, \qquad
{\bar K} = {\bar s} - a\varphi_+({\bar\kappa}-{\bar\kappa_+}) = 0
\label{a10}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\kappa = \frac{\dot f}{f} - i\pi_\varphi ,
\label{a11}
\end{equation}
$\varphi_+$ is the value of the dilaton at the horizon, and $a$ and
$\kappa_+$ are constants.

The constraints (\ref{a10}) are not preserved by the generators $L$
and $\bar L$ of the conformal symmetry---that is, Poisson brackets
such as $\{L[\xi],K\}$ do not vanish.  We can fix this, though, by
using a trick first introduced by Bergmann and Komar to handle second
class constraints \cite{Bergmann}: we add ``zero,'' in the form of
multiples of $K$ and $\bar K$, to the symmetry generators to make
their brackets with the constraints vanish.  A fairly straightforward
computation shows that as one approaches the horizon, the modified
generators again obey a Virasoro algebra, but now with
\begin{equation}
c={\bar c} = 6\pi a\varphi_+ \ , \qquad
\Delta={\bar\Delta} = \frac{\pi a\varphi_+}{4}
   \left(\frac{\kappa_+\beta}{2\pi}\right)^2 \ ,
\label{a12}
\end{equation}
where we assume that our diffeomorphisms are periodic in $t$ with period
$\beta$.  Smoothness of the metric (\ref{a6}) at the origin requires a
periodicity $\beta=2\pi/\kappa_+$, yielding the usual Hawking temperature.
The Cardy formula (\ref{a2}) then gives an entropy
\begin{equation}
S = \pi a\frac{\varphi_+}{4G}
\label{a13}
\end{equation}

It remains for us to determine the constant $a$.  For a dimensionally
reduced spherically symmetric black hole,
\begin{equation}
f^2 = 1 - \left(\frac{r_+}{r}\right)^{D-3}, \quad
\varphi = \varphi_+\left(\frac{r}{r_+}\right)^{D-2} \ ,
\label{a14}
\end{equation}
and an easy computation gives $a=2$. More generally, this value appears
to be determined by demanding that the stretched horizon be affinely
parametrized, but this issue is not quite settled.

Given a value $a=2$, the entropy (\ref{a13}) is precisely $2\pi$ times
the standard Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.  A similar factor of $2\pi$ was
found in \cite{Park}.  I believe it arises because in radial quantization
we are computing the entropy over ``all times,'' on an initial surface
consisting of a circle of circumference $2\pi$.

Up to this factor of $2\pi$, the central charge (\ref{a12}) agrees with
that of the ``horizon as boundary'' approach \cite{Carlipi}, and is
closely related to the BTZ central charge (\ref{a4a}).  At first sight,
the conformal charges $\Delta$ and $\bar\Delta$ in (\ref{a12}) look
rather different from the corresponding BTZ quantities in (\ref{a4a}).
But this difference is easily explained: the asymptotic diffeomorphisms
that generate $\Delta$ and $\bar\Delta$ for the BTZ black hole depend
on $t\pm\ell\phi$, and have periodicities \cite{CarTeit}
\begin{equation}
\beta_\pm = \left(\frac{r_+\pm r_-}{r_+}\right)\beta \ .
\end{equation}
Substituting these expressions into (\ref{a12}), we find differing
``left'' and ``right'' conformal charges of the same form as (\ref{a4a}).

While these results are intriguing, we still have a long way to go to
establish (or reject) the proposal that black hole thermodynamics can
be understood in terms of horizon symmetries.  Perhaps the most important
open question is whether the ``Goldstone-like'' modes can couple to matter
to produce Hawking radiation.  In three dimensions, this has been shown
to occur \cite{Emparan}: a classical matter source coupled to the
boundary degrees of freedom of the BTZ black hole causes transitions
among boundary states, and detailed balance arguments can then be used
to derive the Hawking radiation spectrum.  For more general black holes,
the anomaly-based computations of Hawking radiation \cite{Wilczek,Iso}
are suggestive (see also \cite{Parikh,Mattingly}), but the full story
will require more work.

\vspace{1.5ex}
\begin{flushleft}
\large\bf Acknowledgments
\end{flushleft}
This work was supported in part by the U.S.\ Department of Energy
under grant DE-FG02-99ER40674

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Complex derivatives of non-holomorphic functions I am having problems reconciling two results that seem to be at odds with each other.
On the one hand, I find references to the fact that $$\partial_z \mathrm{Re}(f(z)) = \mathrm{Re}(\partial_zf(z))$$ and therefore $$\partial_z\mathrm{Re(z)} = 1$$
On the other hand, $$\mathrm{Re}(z) = \frac{z+z^*}{2}$$ and so $$\partial_z \frac{z+z^*}{2}= \frac12$$ The caveat is that in the second case I'm treating $z$ and $z^*$ as independent variables, which I understand is the correct thing to do when we derive non-holomorphic functions.
Where is my mistake?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


...an informal church; there are no reserved seats, it doesn't matter if you sneeze and there isn't a right or wrong moment to stand up or sit down. Although we are informal we hope you'll find us friendly and you'll definitely find that we are serious about Jesus Christ. He's at the heart of our church and is the centre of our affections. We aren't a complete, finished or perfect church. We're on a journey and we would be thrilled to have you join us on that journey.
You can check out our Statement of Faith here but we are much more than that! We appreciate our small size as it means we can get to know each other better and help each other in our different situations. We are all about people!
The authority and leadership of Jesus Christ are central to the life of our church; he rules us by his word, through his Spirit and gives us leaders. When you get right down to it, our leadership team are just like everyone else. You can meet the team here.


text:
MotoGP Riders
Maverick Vinales
Figueres, Spain
Maverick Vinales Biography
Maverick Vinales will start his second full season as a factory Aprilia MotoGP rider in 2023.
Making his MotoGP debut in 2015 after winning the 2013 Moto3 title and finishing third in his rookie Moto2 campaign in 2014, Vinales joined Suzuki and emerged as the standout in 2016 when he scored the manufacturer's first win for nine years at Silverstone.
Tempted away to Yamaha, Vinales won eight races over the next 4.5 years but was never able to mount a sustained title challenge. His frustration at inconsistent results on the M1 eventually reached a breaking point in 2021...
Maverick Vinales - Route to MotoGP
Making his grand prix debut in 2011, Vinales' 125GP entry certainly caught attention by being sponsored by socialite Paris Hilton, even if the heiress to the Hilton hotel group fortune was embroiled in controversy when she reportedly failed to honour PA agreements.
Despite this, Vinales didn't let it distract him on track and he was a standout performer in his rookie season with four victories lifting him to third in the overall standings.
Sticking with the Blusens team for 2012 as the series morphed into Moto3, Vinales won five races but couldn't match the metronomic consistency of champion Sandro Cortese, the Spaniard ending the year third again.
It was a case of third time lucky for Vinales in 2013 when a switch to KTM machinery at Team Calvo landed him the title despite a relatively modest three wins. However, with podiums in all but two races, Vinales succeeded in overhauling Alex Rins by 12 points.
Stepping up to Moto2 with the Paginas Amarillas HP 40 Pons Racing team, Vinales was a race winner on only his second outing. Though unable to match eventual champion Tito Rabat, Vinales notched up three wins in the final five races to secure third and comfortably highest place rookie.
Maverick Vinales in MotoGP (2015 - Present)
Suzuki (2015 - 2016)
Vinales was fast-tracked to MotoGP after four wins during his only season in Moto2. He went on to show maturity beyond his 20 years as he methodically learnt the intricacies of the premier-class and new GSX-RR machine in 2015.
Vinales scored points in the opening ten races - an unprecedented feat for a rookie - and qualified second on the grid at Catalunya, just 0.083s behind experienced team-mate Aleix Espargaro.
The younger Spaniard went on to claim what would be Suzuki's best result of its comeback season with sixth in the race, a result Espargaro later matched at Aragon and Vinales repeated at Sepang.
Espargaro got the better of Vinales by just eight points in the final championship standings.
Maverick's performances soon saw him picked out as a future MotoGP 'Top Gun' by the likes of Cal Crutchlow and Valentino Rossi.
Unsurprisingly, Suzuki faced a real fight to keep hold of its young star beyond 2016 - and, by the time he won the factory's first race since 2007 at Silverstone, he was already confirmed as moving to Yamaha.
In 2016, Vinales and the improving GSX-RR made their ambitions known by leading the Phillip Island pre-season test. Vinales fell while in pursuit of a debut MotoGP rostrum at round two in Argentina, but typically didn't make the same mistake twice and scored in every other race. Indeed, in a season with a record number of accidents, 21-year-old Vinales was the only premier-class rider to make less mistakes than last year - falling just five times during GP weekends, compared with eight in his rookie season.
The inevitable first rostrum came at Le Mans and, after the GSX-RR struggled in the mid-season rain, Vinales romped to victory at Silverstone in September.
It was Suzuki's first MotoGP win since 2007, but first in the dry since the start of the four-stroke era in 2002. Unfortunately for Suzuki, Vinales had already decided to accept Yamaha's offer to replace Jorge Lorenzo in 2017. Nevertheless, they were able to celebrate two more podiums together and an excellent fourth in the final world championship standings.
Vinales - who also claimed five front-row starts - scored more than twice the points of team-mate Espargaro, who had put the Suzuki on pole in 2015.
Yamaha Factory (2017 - 2021)
After proving instantly fast on his Yamaha debut, the Spanish rider produced the dream start to his Yamaha career by winning both of his opening races in Qatar and Argentina but a crash at the Americas MotoGP stalled his early title attack.
Vinales bounced back with a win at Le Mans, seeing off team-mate Valentino Rossi, before taking an impressive second place at Mugello to see him hold a 26-point lead in the standings after six races.
But a low-key Catalunya race followed by a crash at Assen saw Andrea Dovizioso take the championship lead off of him. Just three further podium finishes in his maiden Yamaha season saw him finish third in the riders' final standings.
An uncompetitive Yamaha package in 2018 restrained his efforts to three podium finishes across the opening half of the year but as Yamaha began its recovery efforts positive signs emerged as Vinales claimed third place in Thailand and victory in Australia to end the season strongly with fourth place in the championship.
A tough start to 2019 meant Vinales was playing catch-up throughout the season but still remained a frequent podium finisher. Victories at Assen and Sepang were true highlights in a year dominated by Marc Marquez as Vinales had to settle for third place overall.
Primed for a title tilt in 2020, Vinales stock rose on the back of Marquez's time out through injury but found himself playing catch up during the first-half of the season to Fabio Quartararo on the satellite Petronas SRT Yamaha.
Indeed, though Vinales was often a star on Saturdays, his Sunday performances - as shown throughout his Yamaha career - were often found lacking. He eventually found the top step at Misano, but it would prove to be his only win with solid, but not sparkling, consistency at least earning him a creditable sixth overall.
With Rossi replaced by Fabio Quartararo, Vinales had the chance to establish himself as Yamaha's clear number one rider and the 2021 season began perfectly with victory in Qatar. But cracks soon started to appear with Vinales' results dropping from 1st to 5th to 11th over the following rounds.
While Quartararo continued to rack up podiums, wins and the world championship lead, Vinales wallowed at the lower end of the top ten. A fifth place at Catalunya, proved a false dawn and the Spaniard hit rock bottom with last at the Sachsenring before a glum podium return at Assen.
Soon to be confirmed rumours were by then circulating that Vinales was ready to walk away (a year early) from his highly paid Yamaha contract, leaving a bike with which he had won the opening race and finished second (from pole) at Assen, and team that was leading the world championship with Quartararo. As if that wasn't sensational enough, Vinales' chosen destination was Aprilia, the only manufacturer on the grid without a race win or indeed podium (at that time).
But the drama wasn't over yet.
While Vinales and Yamaha announced they had agreed to finish the season together before going their separate ways for 2022, Vinales was then suspended for deliberately over-revving his engine in frustration during the next event in Austria. An instant split was agreed, clearing the way for Vinales to join Aprilia earlier than planned.
Aprilia Gresini / Aprilia Factory (2021 - Present)
Following the Yamaha split, Vinales made his Aprilia debut during a private Misano test before joining the race team alongside good friend Aleix Espargaro (and in place of injured rookie Lorenzo Savadori, who returned to the role of test and wild-card rider) at Aragon.
Espargaro had made history with the RS-GP's first podium at the previous Silverstone round and, having been outpaced by Vinales at Suzuki, proved he would be no pushover by out-qualifying incoming Vinales during their five end-of-season events together. Espargaro also finished ahead of Vinales on the three occasions they both reached the chequered flag.
Vinales withdrew from the COTA MotoGP round in the aftermath of his 15-year-old cousin Dean Berta Vinales' tragic death in an SSP300 race at Jerez.
With a full winter testing programme under his belt, as well as the end-of-2021 races, Vinales was expected to make a big step forward for the start of 2022.
But while Espargaro gave the bike its first ever MotoGP victory at round three, in Argentina, Vinaleshad to be content with a new personal best of seventh. It was a result he repeated seven races later in Catalunya, by which time Vinales' assurances that he was very close to a breakthrough were starting to be questioned.
But the #12 began to put it all together from Germany, where he was in contention for a podium until his ride-height device became jammed. Insisting it didn't dampen his spirits, Vinales then took rostrums in three of the next four races.
Pledging to help Espargaro's title challenge if he could, Vinales and Espargaro both struggled during the 'unknown' flyaway rounds, back on the calendar for the first time since Covid, and he finished the season 11th in the standings.
Re-signing with Aprilia until the end of 2024, Vinales will face competition from Jack Miller to become the first MotoGP rider to win races on three different brands of bike,
Maverick Vinales News
Title-winning MotoGP crew chief returns as RNF MotoE team manager
18 January, 2023 - 13:46
Multi-title-winning MotoGP crew chief Ramon Forcada will return to the paddock, and RNF, as team manager of their MotoE squad in 2023.
Rossi, Lorenzo, Vinales... Jack Miller next to attempt MotoGP three-peat
Jack Miller's KTM move puts him in contention to become the first rider in history to take 'MotoGP' wins with three different manufacturers.
Who are the new Crew Chiefs for each MotoGP rider in 2023?
Twelve MotoGP riders will team up with a new Crew Chief for the 2023 season.
Does Espargaro still feel underappreciated? - 'Nobody here doubts Quartararo'
Aleix Espargaro is convinced he and Aprilia can become MotoGP title challengers once again in 2023, although 'no one believes we can do it', says the Spanish rider.
MotoGP riders "freak out" over Sprint races: "No bonus? We won't race"
MotoGP riders will "freak out" and a "mess will break out" unless they are paid bonuses to compete in Sprint races, says Enea Bastianini's manager.
Marquez: 'The risk I take will always be the same because it's my mentality'
6 January, 2023 - 09:13
Despite several operations and injuries costing Marc Marquez the chance to add more MotoGP titles to his collection over the last three seasons, the Repsol Honda rider has admitted his on-track mentality will 'always be the same'.
Rivola: Fernandez a 'super talent, I wanted to sign him for a long time'
After watching him put together one of the best Moto2 seasons ever before struggling at Tech 3 KTM in his rookie MotoGP campaign, Aprilia CEO, Massimo Rivola, has finally got his hands on 'super talent' Raul Fernandez.
Rivola: Sprint format 'good' for Espargaro, 'great expectations' for Vinales
Aprilia Racing CEO, Massimo Rivola, expects the new MotoGP Sprint format to suit Aleix Espargaro as the Spaniard 'will have less time to prepare for the race'.
Vinales was left 'disillusioned' at Yamaha, time with Aprilia 'will come'
14 December, 2022 - 15:01
Maverick Vinales admits he was left 'discouraged and disillusioned' during his final season with Yamaha before securing an unlikely ride at Aprilia, which has since helped turn his MotoGP career around.
Brad Binder thought KTM's second place finish 'was a mistake'
8 December, 2022 - 15:08
Thanks to his second place finish at the MotoGP season-finale at Valencia, the Factory Red Bull KTM team got the better of Aprilia Racing by three points in the Team's standings, a result that left Brad Binder thinking it was a mistake.
Marquez and Mir, Bagnaia and Bastianini - which team has the best line-up?
Ahead of the 2023 MotoGP season we take a look at the current rider pairings and rank them.
Espargaro: 'I can't be happy, our rivals had lots of new parts'
Aleix Espargaro has bemoaned the lack of upgrades from Aprilia at last month's Valencia MotoGP test after seeing rivals bring new ideas to the table.
MotoGP falls list: Rookies top, Vinales least, Marquez highest average
Rookies Darryn Binder and Marco Bezzecchi topped the 2022 MotoGP falls list, but Marc Marquez again had the highest average while Maverick Vinales fell just twice over the 20 rounds.
Oliveira 4th but first day with Aprilia 'strange', Fernandez 'couldn't sleep'
9 November, 2022 - 11:53
Miguel Oliveira finished the post-season Valencia MotoGP Test highest of all the riders that changed teams, even though the former KTM rider described it as a 'strange day'.
2022 Valencia MotoGP Test results: Tuesday (FINAL)
Final results from Tuesday's Valencia MotoGP test.
Valencia MotoGP, Ricardo Tormo - Qualifying (1) Results
Qualifying (1) results from the Valencia MotoGP at Circuit Ricardo Tormo, the 20th and final round of the 2022 world championship.
Aleix: I caught Maverick too soon! Ready to risk, 100% attack
15 October, 2022 - 08:00
MotoGP title contender Aleix Espargaro was given a tow by Aprilia team-mate Maverick Vinales on his way to fourth on the grid in qualifying at Phillip Island.
Victor Steeman's mother dies, two days after her son's death
Victor Steeman's mother has tragically died due to a heart attack, two days after the death of her son.
Marc Marquez 'confused' by 2022 Honda, 'talked a lot' with Mick Doohan
Marc Marquez says he's 'confused' by the behaviour of the 2022 Honda, while claiming five-time MotoGP champion Mick Doohan has been a key cog in helping him through difficult times.
Miller: 'I thought it wouldn't be possible to race at home in factory colours'
After two consecutive years of having the Australian MotoGP cancelled, Jack Miller will finally get his chance to wear the factory Ducati colours in front of his home crowd.


Enchanted Excurse: Feelin' Gawgeous This Holiday!
Mawnin' Loverlies!! I had a chance to try out the new Studio Gear Holiday Smokey Eye Palette. It has eyeshadows called frost, platinum, coal, and glimmer. It also comes with a lovely shade of blush called snowy glow. I like what they named that blush. lol Makes me think ooooooo pretty!
This palette is small enough you can tote it around if you need to make any reapplications. :) I believe that's one of the awesome parts about it, other then the colors are gorgeous. I didn't do my makeup exactly like how the palette instructs. I did my normal routine by putting the frost on the top lid, platinum on the bottom lid, with a bit of coal on the sides of my lids.
I love these colors for blue eyes, they just seem to make them pop! :) I will have to say one con, and it's not a big con either. I have allergy issues and I don't believe these are hypoallergenic. My eyes get watery sometimes and will ruin my eye shadow. Luckily my eyes weren't as watery with this palette as some other brands I have used in the past. I will admit though I loved how these eyeshadows looked on my eyes. I will admit I will purchase more from this brand, Because the palette is cute and is very easy to handle and apply. Yes, I must say it again, also because of the gorgeous colors. If you would like to purchase your own Studio Gear Holiday Smokey Eye Palette, click this link. One more thing I need to mention is my readers get a 10% discount off your entire order!! You only need to enter this code SGHOLIDAY. The code is also for any purchase on the site. Ta Ta For Now!!
This is I believe after four or five hours of putting the makeup on. Not too bad eh??
I decided not to do any reapplications. But I will know next time to reapply. I also deal with a bit of oily skin at times.


The ZENworks Diagnostics and Probe Guide includes information to help you to use the Diagnostics and Probe tool. A new diagnostics dashboard and diagnostics tool is available for the ZENworks Primary Server. This allows the administrator to diagnose the state of Primary Servers. This uses the ZENworks Probe tool, an open source diagnostics toolkit, which is useful in monitoring and troubleshooting problems with Java processes.
ZENworks is supported by other documentation (in both PDF and HTML formats) that you can use to learn about and implement the product. For additional documentation, see the ZENworks 2017 documentation website.


In this case, the Buick is still trying to be a statement car. It looks sporty, with the wheels and the Corvette-ish backlight. It does scoot,with a 455 and no real smog controls (which saltpetered every car in America from around 1974 to about '82). But have no doubt – it will slowly transform into the increasingly less flamboyant sister of the Electra and LeSabre.


Dancing would not be fun if there is no creativity. Yes people talk about dancing as an art and it is related to creativity. But it is not always practiced that way, I've found. To dance like what everyone did 50 years ago, would be like going to a museum everyday and copying the oil paintings of Picasso. I am not saying it is wrong. It is the way to learn an art, but it should not be the ultimate goal. Maybe that's why I am more leaning towards nuevo tango. Also, what can beat the new form of tango which combines old tango + classical + jazz music? All forms of music I love!
1 + 1 <= 0.
So when do 1 + 1 <= 0? When energy is wasted in dealing with negativity instead of creating beautiful moments. Life is too short for that!!!
The energy loop/transference between partners ties into "entrega" (the idea of partners "surrendering" to each other and the music in tango) for me – to take what's offered without reservation, and likewise offer, without reservation, all that I can in return. No energy lost, just moving back and forth through the partners. Sometimes, when we're really, *really* lucky, you can feel it travel around the other dancers on the pista as well. That's a marvelous thing.


Tyler Jeffrey Dillashaw (born February 7, 1986) is an American mixed martial artist currently signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) where he is the former two-time UFC Bantamweight Champion. He entered the promotion as a finalist on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller.
Dillashaw was born in Sonora, California, to Hal and Janice Dillashaw. He grew up in Angels Camp, California, where he also attended Bret Harte High School. During his four years there, Dillashaw competed on the school's wrestling team and played on the football team for his 2002-2003 junior year. In June 2004 he graduated and enrolled for college at California State University, Fullerton. At college, Dillashaw competed successfully for the Titans wrestling program.
While wrestling for Coach Jan Schulz at Bret Harte High School, Dillashaw was a four-time sectional qualifier and two-time California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) state qualifier. As a junior, Dillashaw placed fifth at the CIF state championships, and ended the season with a record of 45–7. He placed second at the CIF State championships as a senior to cap off a 52–6 record and finished with an overall record of 170–33.
With a successful high school career, Dillashaw received a full-ride scholarship to wrestle for Cal State Fullerton Titans. In the 2005–06 season, Dillashaw's freshman year, he posted a 14–16 record including a 10–8 mark in dual matches. He went 3–4 in Pac-10 dual meets. Dillashaw traveled to Ukraine in the summer of 2006 to work on his wrestling skills. Dillashaw's sophomore season was a more successful one having an overall record of 17–14 with an 11–4 mark in duals, including 5–3 in the Pac-10. In April 2007, he placed sixth in the University Greco Wrestling Championships in Akron, Ohio, at 132.25 pounds. He also placed fourth at the Pac-10 championship in 2007.
In 2008, he placed fourth in the Pac-10 Championships and finished with a 22–10 record with four pins. He was 7–0 in Pac-10 duals, taking second place at Cliff Keen Invitational. His senior season he was ranked 10th in the nation at 133 lbs. Dillashaw is a 3X NCAA qualifier.
After graduating from Cal State Fullerton, Dillashaw contemplated turning to MMA. Mark Munoz coached at Cal St. Fullerton for 3 years, while competing in the UFC middleweight division and invited Dillashaw to join the Reign Training Center fighter class at the conclusion of his senior year. After training with Team Reign for a year and a half, Munoz encouraged Dillashaw to move up north closer to his hometown of Angels Camp, CA to Team Alpha Male in Sacramento, CA. Dillashaw began training with Team Alpha Male, and collected a 2–0 amateur record before turning pro.
On March 26, 2010, Dillashaw made his professional debut against fellow pro debutee, Czar Sklavos. Dillashaw used his superior wrestling to earn a dominant unanimous decision win. Two months later, Dillashaw returned to fight Brandon Drucker, winning the fight via first round submission. The fight took place at Fight For Wrestling, an MMA event located in California attempting to raise money to fund the Cal Poly wrestling team.
Dillashaw picked up two more wins to move his record to a perfect 4–0 before trying out for the fourteenth season of The Ultimate Fighter.
In 2011, Dillashaw signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship to compete on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller. In the first episode, he fought Matt Jaggers to gain entry into the Ultimate Fighter house. Dillashaw defeated Jaggers in the first round via TKO.
Dillashaw was selected as a part of Team Bisping, he was the second bantamweight chosen for the team (seventh overall). Dillashaw defeated Roland Delorme via rear naked choke submission in the preliminary round and moved onto the semi-finals. It was there he fought Dustin Pague for the first spot in the bantamweight final on the finale card. Dillashaw dominated Pague, grinding out three tough rounds to win the fight via unanimous decision (30–26, 30–27, 30–26).
Dillashaw officially made his UFC debut on December 3, 2011, in Las Vegas, Nevada at The Ultimate Fighter 14 Finale. The fight was the final of the bantamweight tournament against John Dodson to determine the winner of The Ultimate Fighter 14. Dillashaw lost via TKO.
Dillishaw's sophomore outing came on February 15, 2012, at UFC on Fuel TV 1 against Walel Watson. Dillashaw dominated Watson using his superior wrestling to control him on the ground, while nearly ending the fight several times with multiple submission attempts. Dillashaw won the bout via unanimous decision (30–25, 30–25, 30–26).
Dillashaw fought Vaughan Lee on July 11, 2012, at UFC on Fuel TV: Munoz vs. Weidman. He won the fight by submission via a standing neck crank in the first round.
Dillashaw was expected to face Mike Easton on December 8, 2012, at UFC on Fox 5. However, Dillashaw was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Bryan Caraway.
Dillashaw faced Issei Tamura on March 16, 2013, at UFC 158. Dillashaw won via knock-out 26 seconds into the second round.
Dillashaw faced Hugo Viana on April 20, 2013, at UFC on Fox 7, replacing an injured Francisco Rivera. He won the fight via TKO in round one.
Dillashaw was briefly linked to a bout with Raphael Assunção on September 4, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 28. The fight was delayed due to Assunção suffering a minor medical issue.
The bout was rescheduled and took place on October 9, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 29. Assunção defeated Dillashaw via split decision. The back and forth action earned both the participants Fight of the Night honors.
Dillashaw faced Mike Easton on January 15, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 35. He won the fight via unanimous decision.
Dillashaw was expected to face Takeya Mizugaki on May 24, 2014, at UFC 173. However, with the show losing its main event, Dillashaw was moved up the card to face Bantamweight champion and top 5 pound for pound Renan Barão in the featured bout. In one of the biggest upsets in UFC and MMA history, Dillashaw won the fight in dominant fashion, defeating Barão via TKO in the fifth round to become the new UFC Bantamweight champion. In addition to winning the title, Dillashaw received bonuses for Fight of the Night and Performance of the Night.
That was the greatest performance I have ever seen in my life!… You surpassed all expectations tonight with this performance. This was just … stunning…. This was incredible…. T.J., this is one of the finest performances I have ever seen. The best performance — I'll say it right now — this is the most spectacular performance I have ever seen against a guy in Barão who is easily one of the best pound-for-pound fighters on the planet. Congratulations on just a masterful work tonight. It was an honor calling this fight. Thank you very much, brother.
An immediate rematch with Barão was scheduled to take place on August 30, 2014, at UFC 177. However, the day of the weigh-ins, Barão had to be admitted to the hospital as a result of his attempts to cut weight and was replaced by Joe Soto who was already scheduled to compete in a fight on the event's preliminary card. Dillashaw defeated Soto via knockout in the fifth round. The win also earned Dillashaw his second consecutive Performance of the Night bonus award.
A rematch with Barão was rescheduled and was expected to take place on April 25, 2015 at UFC 186. However a month before the event, Dillashaw was forced out of the bout after sustaining a broken rib while training.
The rematch eventually took place at UFC on Fox 16 on July 25, 2015. Dillashaw won the fight via TKO in the fourth round to retain his title. He also earned a Performance of the Night bonus.
Dillashaw faced former champion Dominick Cruz on January 17, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 81 He relinquished the title dropping a split decision. Both participants were awarded Fight of the Night honors.
A rematch with Raphael Assunção took place on July 9, 2016 at UFC 200. He won the fight via unanimous decision.
Dillashaw faced John Lineker on December 30, 2016 at UFC 207. He won via a dominant unanimous decision, wherein the bout was scored a 30-26 in favour of Dillashaw by all three judges.
In January 2017, the UFC announced that Dillashaw would be one of the coaches, opposite current UFC Bantamweight champion (and former Team Alpha Male teammate) Cody Garbrandt on The Ultimate Fighter 25, with the pairing expected to face each other on July 8, 2017 at UFC 213. However the bout was scrapped on May 23 after Garbrandt sustained a back injury. The bout was rescheduled and eventually took place on November 4, 2017 at UFC 217. Dilashaw won the fight via knockout in the second round to regain the UFC Bantamweight Championship. This win also earned Dillashaw his fifth Performance of the Night bonus award.
Dillashaw faced Cody Garbrandt in a rematch for the UFC Bantamweight Championship on August 4, 2018, at UFC 227. He defeated Garbrandt in the first round by way of TKO. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award.
Dillashaw was initially scheduled to face Henry Cejudo on January 26, 2019 at UFC 233 for the UFC Flyweight Championship. However, after that pay-per-view event was cancelled, the fight was moved a week earlier to headline UFC Fight Night 143 on January 19, 2019. Dillashaw lost the fight via TKO just 32 seconds into the first round.
On March 20, 2019, Dillashaw announced via Instagram that he would be voluntarily relinquishing the UFC bantamweight championship after USADA and NYSAC found adverse findings following his last fight against Henry Cejudo. Dillashaw would also receive a suspension from the NYSAC, this would be retroactive to the Cejudo fight on January 19, 2019. He received a one year suspension by the New York State Athletic Commission (NYSAC) retroactive to January 19, 2019, making him ineligible to fight until January 19, 2020. On April 9, it was announced Dilllashaw was suspended for two years by USADA (a separate suspension than what was given by the NYSAC) due to testing positive for recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) prior to the Henry Cejudo bout. Dillashaw broke his silence over the drug test failure and UFC suspension on April 12th with a lengthy video post on Instagram, acknowledging the err in his ways and stating that the decision was his alone, and that what he "really [felt] bad about" was the bad light he brought upon his coaches, family and teammates.
Dillashaw married his wife, Rebecca, in June 2014. In October 2015, Dillashaw left Team Alpha Male and moved his camp to Denver, Colorado to train with his head coach, former UFC fighter Duane Ludwig. On December 28, 2017, Dillashaw's wife Rebecca gave birth to their son.
Loss 16–4 Henry Cejudo TKO (punches) UFC Fight Night: Cejudo vs. Dillashaw January 19, 2019 1 0:32 Brooklyn, New York, United States Flyweight debut. For the UFC Flyweight Championship. Dillashaw tested positive in pre and post-fight drug tests for erythropoietin.
Win 16–3 Cody Garbrandt TKO (knee and punches) UFC 227 August 4, 2018 1 4:10 Los Angeles, California, United States Defended the UFC Bantamweight Championship. Performance of the Night.
Win 15–3 Cody Garbrandt KO (punches) UFC 217 November 4, 2017 2 2:41 New York City, New York, United States Won the UFC Bantamweight Championship. Performance of the Night.
Loss 12–3 Dominick Cruz Decision (split) UFC Fight Night: Dillashaw vs. Cruz January 17, 2016 5 5:00 Boston, Massachusetts, United States Lost the UFC Bantamweight Championship. Fight of the Night.
Win 12–2 Renan Barão TKO (punches) UFC on Fox: Dillashaw vs. Barão 2 July 25, 2015 4 0:35 Chicago, Illinois, United States Defended the UFC Bantamweight Championship. Performance of the Night.
Win 11–2 Joe Soto KO (head kick and punches) UFC 177 August 30, 2014 5 2:20 Sacramento, California, United States Defended the UFC Bantamweight Championship. Performance of the Night.
Win 10–2 Renan Barão TKO (head kick and punches) UFC 173 May 24, 2014 5 2:26 Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Won the UFC Bantamweight Championship. Performance of the Night. Fight of the Night. Upset of the Year (2014).
Loss 8–2 Raphael Assunção Decision (split) UFC Fight Night: Maia vs. Shields October 9, 2013 3 5:00 Barueri, Brazil Fight of the Night.
Loss 4–1 John Dodson TKO (punches) The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller Finale December 3, 2011 1 1:54 Las Vegas, Nevada, United States The Ultimate Fighter 14 Bantamweight Tournament Final.
Win 3–0 Dustin Pague Decision (unanimous) The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller July 12, 2011 3 5:00 Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Semi-finals.
Win 2–0 Roland Delorme Submission (guillotine choke) July 6, 2011 2 1:44 Quarter-finals.
Win 1–0 Matt Jaggers TKO (retirement) June 7, 2011 1 5:00 Elimination bout.
^ Sherdog.com. "T.J. Dillashaw MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography - Sherdog.com". Sherdog. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
^ "T.J. Dillashaw". UFC.com. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
^ TJ Dillashaw (@tjdillashaw) (March 7, 2017). ""Such an honor to be promoted to Black Belt in the Bang Muay Thai System (...)"". Instagram. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
^ Kitt Canaria (July 6, 2017). "Did You Know TJ Dillashaw Is A BJJ Blue Belt?". Jiu-Jitsu Times.
^ Coach Mike R (May 24, 2014). "UFC 173 Factgrinder: The Wrestling of T.J. Dillashaw". bloodyelbow.com.
^ Nevada State Athletic Commission. "Mixed Martial Arts Show Results" (PDF).
^ a b c d e Cal State Fullerton. "Player Bio: TJ Dillashaw". Archived from the original on July 18, 2010.
^ TJ Dillashaw. "Team Alpha Male: TJ Dillashaw". Archived from the original on November 10, 2011.
^ "UFC on FUEL TV 1 adds Dillashaw vs. Watson". mmajunkie.com. January 5, 2012. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012.
^ Gene Mrosko (February 15, 2012). "UFC on FUEL TV 1 results: TJ Dillashaw dominates Walel Watson en route to decision win". mmamania.com. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
^ "T.J. Dillashaw Meets Vaughan Lee at UFC on Fuel TV 4". heavy.com. May 12, 2012.
^ Gene Mrosko (July 11, 2012). "UFC on FUEL TV 4 results: TJ Dillashaw submits Vaughan Lee inside of one round". mmamania.com. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
^ "T.J. Dillashaw vs. Mike Easton verbally agreed to for UFC on FOX 5 in Seattle". mmajunkie.com. October 20, 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012.
^ "Bryan Caraway in for injured T.J. Dillashaw, faces Mike Easton at UFC on FOX 5". MMAjunkie.com. October 30, 2012. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012.
^ Staff (February 19, 2013). "T.J. Dillashaw replaces Mitch Gagnon, meets Issei Tamura at UFC 158". MMAjunkie.com. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
^ John Morgan (March 16, 2013). "UFC 158 results/photos: T.J. Dillashaw flattens Issei Tamura in second". MMAjunkie.com. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
^ Matt Erickson (March 22, 2013). "T.J. Dillashaw replaces Francisco Rivera, meets Hugo Viana at UFC on FOX 7". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
^ Matt Erickson (April 20, 2013). "UFC on FOX 7 results/photos: T.J. Dillashaw shuts down Hugo Viana in first round". MMAjunkie.com. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
^ Christoffer Esping (July 12, 2013). "TJ Dillashaw möter Raphael Assuncao på UFC on FOX Sports 1 #3". mmanytt.se.
^ Kelsey Mowatt (July 14, 2013). "Raphael Assuncao vs. T.J. Dillashaw Delayed". cagedinsider.com.
^ Mookie Alexander (August 14, 2013). "Raphael Assuncao vs. T.J. Dillashaw rescheduled for UFC Fight Night: Maia vs. Shields". bloodyelbow.com. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
^ Andrew Potter (October 9, 2013). "UFC Fight Night 29 Results: Raphael Assuncao keeps title aspirations alive, defeats TJ Dillashaw". MMAWeekly.com. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
^ Mike Whitman (October 13, 2013). "UFC Fight Night 29 Bonuses: Assuncao, Dillashaw, Kim Pocket $50K Each". sherdog.com. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
^ Mike Whitman (November 4, 2013). "UFC Returns to Georgia in January with T.J. Dillashaw-Mike Easton". sherdog.com. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
^ John Morgan (January 15, 2014). "UFC Fight Night 35 results, photos: T.J. Dillashaw shines in one-sided win over Mike Easton". MMAjunkie.com. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
^ Wesley De Souza (February 26, 2014). "Takeya Mizugaki vs TJ Dillashaw scheduled for UFC 173". thefightnation.com. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
^ John Morgan (March 27, 2014). "UFC bantamweight champ Renan Barao faces T.J. Dillashaw in new UFC 173 headliner". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
^ Luca Fury (May 25, 2014). "UFC Bantamweight Champion The 20 Biggest Upsets in MMA History". Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
^ Staff (May 25, 2014). "UFC 173 bonuses: T.J. Dillashaw doubles up to win $100,000". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
^ Thomas Myers (May 25, 2014). "Joe Rogan tells TJ Dillashaw 'that was the greatest performance I have ever seen!'". mmamania.com. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
^ Tristan Critchfield (July 2, 2014). "T.J. Dillashaw-Renan Barao II Targeted for UFC 177 in Sacramento". sherdog.com. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
^ "Renan Barao out of UFC 177, Joe Soto meets T.J. Dillashaw for title". MMAjunkie.com. August 29, 2014.
^ Dave Doyle (August 31, 2014). "UFC 177 results: T.J. Dillashaw knocks out a game Joe Soto in the fifth round". MMAfighting.com. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
^ "UFC 177 bonuses: Dillashaw, Medeiros, Ferreira, Nijem win $50,000". MMAjunkie.com. August 31, 2014.
^ Jesse Holland (January 17, 2015). "TJ Dillashaw vs Renan Barao rematch booked for UFC 186 main event on April 25 in Montreal". mmamania.com. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
^ Adam Guillen, Jr. (March 24, 2015). "Breaking: TJ Dillashaw forced out of Renan Barao rematch at UFC 186 with rib injury". mmamania.com. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
^ Thomas Gerbasi (April 14, 2015). "Dillashaw-Barao II highlights Chicago Fox card". UFC.com. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
^ Ben Fowlkes (July 25, 2015). "UFC on FOX 16 results: T.J. Dillashaw obliterates Renan Barao in sheer masterpiece". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
^ Staff (July 25, 2015). "UFC on Fox 16 Bonuses: Dillashaw, Barboza, Felder, Lawlor earn $50K Awards". sherdog.com. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
^ Damon Martin (September 9, 2015). "TJ Dillashaw vs. Dominick Cruz headlines UFC Fight Night in Boston". foxsports.com. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
^ Brent Brookhouse (January 18, 2016). "UFC Fight Night 81 results: Dominick Cruz regains title with split over T.J. Dillashaw". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
^ Tristen Critchfield (January 18, 2016). "UFC Fight Night Bonuses: Cruz, Dillashaw, Herman, Sanders pocket $50K checks". sherdog.com. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
^ Dave Doyle (May 10, 2016). "Raphael Assuncao vs. T.J. Dillashaw rematch set for UFC 200". mmafighting.com. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
^ Dave Doyle (July 11, 2016). "UFC 200 results: T.J. Dillashaw avenges previous loss to Raphael Assuncao". mmafighting.com. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
^ Marc Raimondi (November 2, 2016). "Former champ T.J. Dillashaw vs. John Lineker targeted for UFC 207". mmafighting.com. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
^ Dave Doyle (December 30, 2016). "UFC 207 results: T.J. Dillashaw impresses in win over John Lineker". mmafighting.com. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
^ Nick Baldwin (January 17, 2017). "Cody Garbrandt and T.J. Dillashaw to coach The Ultimate Fighter 25: Redemption". bloodyelbow.com. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
^ Damon Martin (April 9, 2017). "Cody Garbrandt vs. T.J. Dillashaw confirmed as co-main event for UFC 213". foxsports.com. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
^ Tristen Critchfield (May 23, 2017). "UFC 213 update: Garbrandt vs. Dillashaw scrapped; Romero-Whittaker interim title bout set". sherdog.com. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Staff (August 16, 2017). "Bisping-GSP, Garbrandt-Dillashaw title fights among 7 official for UFC 217". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
^ "UFC 217 results: T.J. Dillashaw finishes rival Cody Garbrandt to reclaim 135-pound title". MMAjunkie. November 5, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
^ "UFC 217 bonuses: Title winners Namajunas, Dillashaw, St-Pierre get extra $50,000". MMAjunkie. November 5, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
^ Al-Shatti, Shaun (April 5, 2018). "T.J. Dillashaw vs. Cody Garbrandt 2 slated for UFC 227". MMA Fighting. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
^ "TJ Dillashaw TKOs Cody Garbrandt to defend title". bloodyelbow. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
^ "UFC 233: Henry Cejudo vs TJ Dillashaw flyweight title fight official for Jan. 26 in Anaheim". MMAmania.com. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
^ "Henry Cejudo vs. T.J. Dillashaw flyweight title fight official for UFC 233 in Anaheim". MMAjunkie. November 27, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
^ Dave Doyle (January 20, 2019). "UFC Brooklyn results: Henry Cejudo stops T.J. Dillashaw in 32 seconds". MMAFighting.com. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
^ Staff (March 20, 2019). "T.J. Dillashaw announces he's 'voluntarily relinquishing' UFC title after adverse USADA finding". MMAJunkie.com. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
^ "UFC bantamweight champion TJ Dillashaw fails drugs test and vacates title". The Independent. March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
^ "Dillashaw gives up belt, suspended by NYSAC". ESPN.com. March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
^ "USADA suspends Dillashaw 2 years for EPO use". ESPN.com. April 9, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
^ "TJ Dillashaw receives two-year USADA suspension after ex-UFC champion tested positive for EPO". cbssports.com. April 9, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
^ "'I messed up' — TJ Dillashaw breaks silence on UFC drug test suspension". mmamania.com. April 12, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
^ Ailene Voisin (July 16, 2014). "'I whupped up on him in awesome fashion,' UFC champ Dillashaw says". Sacramento Bee. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
^ Steven Marrocco (May 24, 2017). "UFC bantamweight champion T.J. Dillashaw leaves longtime Team Alpha Male home". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
^ Sherdog.com. "T.J. Dillashaw MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography - Sherdog.com". Sherdog. Retrieved November 8, 2018.


text:
Q: Batch file to check the destination is empty and destination have the folder path This is my batch file,I need to copy a file into a folder,for that I need to check the destination,whether it's empty or not,if it's not empty then I need to check whether the destination is a folder(if destination=dsjffj,then have to exit from batch file),the destination need to have valid folder path.
if "Destination"=="" (
    set errorlevel=1
    exit /b
) else (
   dir /ad /b "Destination" 1> NUL 2> NUL
   if %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
   copy "Source" "Destination" /Y
   ) else (
     exit /b
     )
 )

I refer some stack overflow links also,but This batch file is working to validate empty destination,but it's not properly checking for the folder

A: Avoid assigning values to volatile Windows environment variables, e.g. set errorlevel=1. Read Dave Benham's reply to setting ERRORLEVEL to 0 question:

If you want to force the errorlevel to 0, then you can use this
  totally non-intuitive, but very effective syntax: (call ). The space
  after call is critical. If you want to set the errorlevel to 1, you
  can use (call). It is critical that there not be any space after
  call.

Next commented code snippet could help:
@ECHO OFF
set "sourcefolder=D:\test\fooSrcFldr"
set "targetfolder=D:\test\fooDstFldr"
set "sourcefiles="
rem check source folder existence
if exist "%sourcefolder%\" (
    rem check source folder for its content
    for /F "delims=" %%G in ('dir /B /A "%sourcefolder%\*" 2^>NUL') do (
        set "sourcefiles=%%G"
    )
    rem check whether source folder is empty
    if not defined sourcefiles (
        echo source folder "%sourcefolder%\" is empty
        exit /B 1
    )
) else (
    echo source folder "%sourcefolder%\" does not exist
    exit /B 2
)
rem check target folder existence
if exist "%targetfolder%\" (
    rem target folder "%targetfolder%\" exists
) else (
    rem check whether it's possible to create target folder
    if exist "%targetfolder%" (
        echo cannot create target folder  "%targetfolder%\"
        echo as there exists another file "%targetfolder%" of the same name
        exit /B 3
    ) else (
        echo going to create target folder "%targetfolder%\"
        md "%targetfolder%"
    )
)
rem /L switch: do not copy but merely display items that would be copied
xcopy /E /C /H /R /L "%sourcefolder%\*" "%targetfolder%\"
rem remove /L switch from above line while debugged
exit /B 0

Output (note that initial copy and md commands are only for illustration that commonly used simplified md "D:\test\fooDstFldr\" 2>NUL could not suffice)
==> copy nul "D:\test\fooDstFldr"
        1 file(s) copied.

==> md "D:\test\fooDstFldr\"
A subdirectory or file D:\test\fooDstFldr\ already exists

==> D:\bat\SO\33603488.bat
source folder "D:\test\fooSrcFldr\" does not exist

==> md "D:\test\fooSrcFldr\"

==> D:\bat\SO\33603488.bat
source folder "D:\test\fooSrcFldr\" is empty

==> type nul>"D:\test\fooSrcFldr\foo.txt"

==> D:\bat\SO\33603488.bat
cannot create target folder  "D:\test\fooDstFldr\"
as there exists another file "D:\test\fooDstFldr" of the same name

==> del "D:\test\fooDstFldr"

==> D:\bat\SO\33603488.bat
going to create target folder "D:\test\fooDstFldr\"
D:\test\fooSrcFldr\foo.txt
1 File(s)

==>

A: @echo off
setlocal
set _folder="YOUR PATH TO FOLDER HERE\FOLDER NAME"
for /F %%A in ('dir /b /a %_folder%') Do (
    echo The folder is NOT empty
    pause >nul
    goto :ok
)
echo The folder is empty
:ok
exit

The script above will scan all files in the folder, which may be slow if there are many thousands of files, but it does not recursively scan through all the subfolders, if a single subfolder is found, empty or not, that is read as the parent folder is not empty.
To determine if a folder exists at all:
set _folder="YOUR PATH TO FOLDER HERE\FOLDER NAME"
if not exist %_folder% (Echo The folder does not exist)


In Ancient China, there was an idea known as the Arts of Resolution. These were the skill groups that could bring about peace when there was disharmony. Kung Fu was one such art. Effective talking was another. The young kung fu man in the cartoon discovers he needs a lot more work on talking!
How is Martial Arts Training Controlled by the 10% Rule?
The 10% rule can be the difference between you being a great success or a great flop in the martial arts.
The surprising most important factors you must consider to properly select a martial arts school.


text:
Kuwait English School facilities provided by the School ensure that a stimulating and safe learning environment is available and appropriate to the age and educational needs of each child.
The Preparatory Department, housed in its own building, was recently upgraded to ensure that each young child had access to diverse learning-through play experience – both indoor and outdoor.
In the main school building, a separate area is reserved for the younger children (KS 1) where they can safely play outdoors and benefit from their classroom learning experiences.
Students from Year 3 upwards make use of specialist science labs, drama studios, newly revamped ICT suites, libraries, an indoor gym area and an indoor swimming pool. Senior students taking 'A' level courses (Years 12 and 13) have a dedicated Sixth Form Centre "The Millennium" and enjoy their own common room.
In addition to the facilities of the main school building, there is a specialist Music Centre and an excellent, well equipped Art & Design Technology Centre.
The School also provides, in a separate building, a well resourced and stimulating learning centre for students with learning disabilities (The Green Unit). A number of these students take some lessons in the main School building – interaction is much encouraged.
KES was founded in 1978 by Mr. Mohamed Jassim Al Saddah and Mrs. Rhoda Elizabeth Muhmood.
KES provides its students with a tradition of success to access the best universities in the world.
KES values its bonds with its graduates and works hard to create bonds between them.


Proficiency-based learning requires mastering specific skills and knowledge rather than completing assignments. Each teacher has identified the specific skills and knowledge that they will teach in a course. Teaching is much more explicit; learning is much more student centered and personalized.
What are proficiency-based graduation requirements?
Vermont's Education Quality Standards require that high schools create graduation requirements that are attained through evidence of proficiency rather than seat time and credits. Proficiency-based graduation requirements (PBGRs) are a collection of skills and knowledge that teachers and administrators at FNESU have determined to be critical in order for students to succeed in an increasingly competitive and unpredictable job market. They are rigorous and are intended to prepare students for careers and college. The chosen PBGRs represent skills and knowledge students will use for the rest of their lives. Each of the graduation requirements represent a broad skill, such as reading. Each proficiency is broken into 5-7 discrete skill sets called indicators. When all of the indicators have been deemed proficient, the broader graduation requirement is considered proficient.
Are there other schools moving to proficiency-based graduation requirements?
YES. All schools in Vermont are required to move to a proficiency-based system. Each school has the power to decide how to implement this change. It is a real opportunity for schools to make the shift to proficiencies meaningful for their particular students and community.
Does a student have to meet all the indicators of every graduation requirement?
Yes. There are two types of PBGRs: Content and Transferable Skills. Students must meet all of the indicators for the content areas (literacy, math, science, etc.). For the transferable skills, however, a student must meet the majority of the performance indicators for each area.
Transferable skills are traits that are needed to be successful in all aspects of life beyond high school. At Franklin Northeast Supervisory union we have identified six key Transferable Skills: Collaboration, Communication, Self-Direction, Problem Solving, Citizenship, and Thinking. We believe that these are as important as academic skills to the success of graduating students. Students must demonstrate evidence of these skills in at least three contexts in order to achieve proficiency.
How will learning look different?
Students will have much more control over their learning. There will be more choices and options for students because there is now no requirement to take certain courses. While many students may still choose a path that includes mostly traditional courses, others may take advantage of activities they do outside of school, over the summer, and in the community to demonstrate proficiency in a particular indicator. The most obvious difference is that students can work at their own pace; when students can show proficiency in an indicator with evidence, they can move on to something else. This may take an entire year or it may take much less time.
Students will submit evidence of proficiency to a teacher certified to teach in that content area. The teacher will review the evidence using a verification guide and if the evidence meets the criteria, the teacher will verify the student as proficient.
Colleges see many different types of transcripts already, from foreign countries, various states, charter, and private schools, as well as home-schooled students. Colleges request school profiles from all schools that clearly outline the academic opportunities and the grading system. According to Great schools partnership, who spoke directly with colleges and universities, "69 New England Institutions of Higher Education State that Proficiency-Based Diplomas Do Not Disadvantage Applicants." EFHS is building a transcript that will show both proficiency attainment, courses taken, and any other relevant learning experiences.


Trinidad Ave doesn't have much activity going on around it. The local school is nearby and a few parks for children. It has commercial areas with local buildings containing small businesses. I didn't find a place for a quick bite to eat around because the traffic leaving out of Trinidad going on to Mt Oliver is hectic. I guess I shouldn't get hungry after 5 p.m. The housing I've seen continues to be beautiful to a certain extent. The people are so-so, I guess you have to run into the right one.


Wong Amat Tower studio Units for sale or rent.
Located directly on Wong Amat Beach Pattaya, Wong Amat Tower has the highest rooftop pool in Thailand with panoramic sea views and Jacuzzi. This self catering accommodation features free WiFi in all rooms and free private parking.
Fully furnished, the bright and airy condominium comes fully furnished with air conditioning, a sofa and a flat screen cable TV. It also features a dining area, a full kitchen and a private balcony with FULL sea views.
Shower facilities are included in the private bathroom.
The apartment is directly on the beach and only 2 km from The Sanctuary of Truth and 3 km from Art In Paradise.


text:
Kate Bush Hammersmith Apollo review: Still crazy after all these years
Would a few more hits have been such a terrible thing?
James Walton
Second coming: Kate Bush is now regarded with almost universal awe
Hammersmith Apollo
It says something about Kate Bush's standing in the music world that, perhaps uniquely in the history of long-awaited live comebacks, nobody has suggested — or possibly even thought — that her motives might be financial. After all, this is a woman who's stuck to her artistic guns ever since, aged 19, she defied EMI by insisting that her first single should be the abidingly peculiar 'Wuthering Heights'. So, a famous 35 years after her last stage appearance, how on earth could she live up to such a fiercely idiosyncratic career, now regarded with almost universal awe?
Well, at first the answer seemed to be by doing the most unexpected thing of all: serving up a bog-standard rock concert. The lights dimmed, the cheers resounded and on she came to give us a rather workmanlike performance of well-liked album tracks interspersed with the classic hits 'Running up that Hill' and 'Hounds of Love'. At this point, even the choreography consisted of little more than a barefooted Kate shuffling about a bit, and attempting the odd gingerly twirl. But then after a rousing 'King of the Mountain' — a definite early highlight — the show suddenly and dramatically changed.
The widespread urge to canonise Bush in recent weeks has perhaps run the risk of sanitising her talent — or, if you prefer, making us forget how bonkers she can be. Now, we got a pretty stark reminder. First a curtain fell on which was projected film of a man reporting a shipwreck. Then, the curtain lifted again to reveal Kate on a screen on the back bobbing about on some waves in a lifejacket. This was the cue for a performance of the whole of what used to be known as 'side two' of Hounds of Love: a seven-song suite called The Ninth Wave in which a drowning woman either dies or survives (it's never clear) to the accompaniment of music that combines achingly beautiful ballads, plenty of shouting and an Irish jig.
Here, it was duly turned into a full-scale theatrical spectacle, which took up the rest of the first half. This included — among much else — dancers dressed in fish skeletons, people hacking at the stage with axes and a chainsaw, a brief comedy sketch, waves evoked by flapping cloth and a kind of helicopter thing that swung around the audience emitting dry ice and blinding light. Like everything else on Tuesday night, The Ninth Wave got a huge and heartfelt cheer — but only, you felt, because human beings have yet to agree on an audience response that signifies frankly baffled admiration.
But if that led anybody to expect a second half consisting of one smash hit after another, then they were in for a somewhat naive disappointment. Instead, Kate gave us the entire 40-odd minutes of another song cycle: A Sky of Honey, from her 2005 double album Aerial, about the not especially eventful joys of a summer's day. Again, the choreography was imaginative to the point of mildly unhinged, complete with her teenage son Bertie playing a straw-hatted painter with a grudge against a wooden mannequin. (Rolf Harris, who sang the painter's part on the original album, seems to have been unavailable.) This time, however, the music was far more homogenous, consisting mostly of the kind of pastoral prog-rock noodling familiar to any viewers of The Old Grey Whistle Test in the early 1970s. Admittedly, a lot of it was lovely — but there was a lot of it. The cycle ended with dancers and musicians wearing bird heads while Kate herself grew wings and took her final bow from several feet above the stage.
And even when we entered encore time, she was in no mood to compromise. After a powerful solo performance at the piano of 'Among Angels' from her most recent album, 50 Words for Snow, she led the assembled company in a stirring version of 'Cloudbusting' — only the fourth bona fide hit of the night — and made her exit.
Of course, there's no denying Kate Bush's brilliance, and here she's not only in fine voice but gives every appearance of enjoying herself enormously. In theory, too, there's something distinctly heroic about her continuing refusal to play the pop-star game with anything so crass as a careful selection from a back catalogue that rivals that of any of her contemporaries. (There was, for example, nothing from any album earlier than Hounds of Love.) And yet, in practice, I wonder if even some of the hard-core fans at whom this well-drilled but slightly airless show is so clearly aimed might have left the Hammersmith Apollo secretly feeling that a few more moments like 'Cloudbusting' wouldn't have been such a terrible betrayal of her ideals.
TaggedHammersmith Apollo, Kate bush
Albums of the year? Some years we can answer it, some years we can't
Marcus Berkmann
Damian Thompson
Who is Kirill Petrenko?
Norman Lebrecht
Wilson's sparkle and snap
Richard Bratby
Hadyn recreated
It was a great show. The decision to focus on her later work made sense as her music has grown and developed with her and the show was theatrical. There are plenty of videos of her earlier work to revisit. This was much more then a pop concert.
Lina R
Kate could have forfeit all the theatrics and just sat on the stage with the piano and sang a range of her songs. Still a great night though.
Steve Cantlow
I agree. I saw Tony Bennett in concert in 2010 he was accompanied by a guitar, piano, upright bass and drums and what a show.
Sounds like it was a great show, but it would have been nice to hear some of her older songs, "The Man With The Child In His Eyes", "Wow" "Babooshka", "Breathing"
"All The Love" "Never Be Mine". Anyway, I can't WAIT to buy that DVD. I've been a Kate Bush fan for over 30 years now. It's amazing how time flies!