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text:
Disciplines History California & Western History
The Indispensable Enemy Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California
by Alexander Saxton (Author)
Trim Size: 5.5 x 8.25
About the Book About the Author Reviews Related Books
The purpose of this study is to examine the Chinese confrontation, on the Pacific Coast, as it was experienced and rationalized by the white majority. For reasons which will be evident in what follows, the main body of the work (chapters 3 through 11) will focus on the Democratic party and the labor movement of California through the forty-year period after the Civil War. The two opening chapters turn back to explore aspects of the Jacksonian background which appear crucial to an understanding of what occurred in California. The final chapter looks beyond the turn of the century to trace certain results of the sequence of events in the West for the labor movement as a whole, and to suggest the influence of those events upon the crystallization of an American concept of national identity.
Alexander Saxton is Professor Emeritus of History, University of California, Los Angeles.
"An eloquent and meticulous history of race and class which is as exciting today as when it first appeared."--David Roediger, Professor of History, University of Minnesota "Saxton's path-breaking study continues to underscore the significant of race in the American politics and culture--a timely critical perspective for the 21st century."--Ronald Takaki, author of A Different Mirror "No one interested in the intersection of race, class, and ideology can neglect this book. It deserves a wide audience among a new generation of college students."--Robert W. Rydell, Professor of History, Montana State University "A classic--one that helped launch the "new western history" and belongs on a short list of books that have transformed our understanding of the western experience."--Gary B. Nash, Director of the National Center for History in the Schools
Into the Void Pacific
Andrew Shanken
Orderly Anarchy
Robert L. Bettinger
Saints and Citizens
Lisbeth Haas
The Fall and Rise of the Wetlands of California's Great Central Valley
Philip Garone
Reflections on the University of California
Neil J. Smelser
Stranger Intimacy
Nayan Shah
On the Borders of Love and Power
David Wallace Adams, Crista DeLuzio
Steven W. Hackel
American Heathens
Joshua Paddison
Peter J. Westwick

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Euro Examination Centre aspires to unite the expertise of communicative language teaching with the communicative criteria of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages [CEFR] in order to design examinations which promote and assess real-world communicative skills.
We believe that for most everyday users of foreign languages the ability to communicate is more important than a theoretical knowledge of the systems of language. To implement this approach, the Euro Examination Centre provides standardised assessment tools that aim to test students' success in real communication. Our vision is that students look forward to the chance of demonstrating their language skills in motivating and exciting contexts, and in fair and challenging tests.
We take special care to design tests which have a positive washback effect on teaching. We believe that Euroexams and other tests developed by the Euro Examination Centre help to promote a task-oriented view of language learning, and thereby encourage higher quality teaching by requiring teachers to use a communicative syllabus with clearly stated targets.
The Euro Examination Centre promotes quality in language teaching and the development of new initiatives by working together with a wide network of testing centres and partner organisations in Europe and beyond in organising training courses, publishing test and training materials and in delivering standardised assessment tools for the communicative classroom.
The International Advisory Board provides Euroexam management with strategic advice on issues which are relevant both to its present activities and future development and to support its widening operations in Europe, the Russian Federation and Central Asia.
The International Advisory Board meets in London twice a year in the presence of the Managing Director and other invited senior staff.
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If you would like to register, write an email to us and we will be happy to send you a Registration Form.
Exam dates are subject to variation depending on the country where you wish to sit the exam. We will assist you with selecting a suitable exam date and location.
The Euro Examination Centre established a teacher training department in 2002, which undertook the training of examiners and of teachers preparing their students for the Euroexams. Since 2002, 450 examiners have been trained, and over 500 have participated in accredited teacher training courses. The Euro Examination Centre also offers workshops and short training courses on the background and practical aspects of the CEFR for teachers of English, German and other languages.
Live test materials are written according to the detailed test specifications by a team of trained item writers. Material writing is commissioned on the basis of a running exam calendar, always ensuring that an ample period (a minimum of two months) is allotted to quality control before administration.
Before test materials are incorporated into live exams they are moderated by expert judges and also undergo pretesting. These pretests are administered to a sample of at least 50 secondary school students. The data provide the basis for the initial statistical analyses, where items with extreme properties are excluded from further use. Following this quality control process, items are finalised for use in live examinations. Finalised tasks are then stored securely on designated offline internal servers on Euroexam premises.
Another crucial element of test assembly is the inclusion of anchor tasks. These tasks enable the exam development team to gain more information about the test and the test takers, and they are also an indispensable element of the regular post-hoc statistical analysis. Euroexam has a sizeable bank of calibrated items, and common tasks are selected based on item quality and difficulty. For the sake of test security, no item is reused within a period of 365 days. Statistical test equating ensures that the standard is the same through different testlets.
Apart from test production and marking, the delivery of the test materials is a vital part of the process to ensure that the exam is administered in a manner that is fair to all candidates. Test packs are delivered by secure post or courier and all exam centres are required to follow a stringent security policy. Secure storage facilities are subject to regular inspections by the Euro Examination Centre in each exam period.
The conduct of the exams is governed by a detailed set of standardised regulations. Our partners who provide exam locations are responsible for all related administrative tasks and providing appropriate facilities and the necessary personnel. Exam invigilators at all locations must successfully complete a training before they can be employed in this role.
In order to maintain the highest possible level of professionalism in the assessment of candidates' work, all written papers are returned to the Euroexam Centre and are then randomly allocated to markers. Each subjectively marked paper is assessed by two trained (standardised) markers, who score the papers separately (blind double marking in all cases).
The Euroexams are validated through a variety of methods and the collaboration of both in-house and independent experts in language assessment, psychometrics and language pedagogy. These methods comprise compulsory post-hoc statistical test analyses, problem-specific task groups, research projects and biannual reviews, which all feed into our longer-term quality management process that guarantees the value and relevance of the exams.
Each exam administration is linked to our calibrated item bank through the use of common tasks, which produces directly comparable results and stable standard requirements. Beyond the level of the administration, the test specifications were also developed in complete accordance with the CEFR, so that the blueprint itself is aligned with the Framework.


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Header-MainMenu-INTERNATIONAL
International » International Affiliations » Queen's-China Connection
Visitors from partner universities of the Canada Learning Initiative in China tour the Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, March 2019. (Photos by Zachary Kenny)
The Queen's-China Connection
The strong ties Queen's already has to China promise to become even more extensive and important in coming years. Students from China account for the largest proportion of international students enrolled at Queen's, and our graduates maintain a large and active network in Hong Kong.
In 2007, with the opening of our China Liaison Office on the campus of Fudan University in Shanghai, Queen's became the first Canadian university to establish an office in China.
Queen's-China ties continue to extend into training and research and collaborations and opportunities.
Opportunities for Chinese students to study at Queen's
Among its many language programs, Queen's School of English offers an English-language bridging program, QBridge, which can support Chinese undergraduate students by offering intensive language instruction in advance of their studies.
Bader International Study Centre (BISC)
Chinese students can study at the BISC, Queen's campus in the UK, by way of exchange agreements with:
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
China Scholarship Council
Queen's has agreements with the China Scholarship Council that provide funding for PhD candidates attending:
2+2 Articulation Programs
Chinese students from the following universities can complete two years at their home university and spend the next two years at Queen's. They are awarded a degree from both universities.
Jilin University – for undergraduate studies in Computer Engineering
Tongji University – for undergraduate studies in Environmental Science
Beijing Normal University – for undergraduate studies in Biology
See also: Degree Programs...
Opportunities for Queen's students to study in China
Fudan-Queen's Semester in Shanghai Program: A joint program in which approximately 15 Queen's students per year study at Fudan University for 15 weeks in the fall term; Queen's and Fudan students take academic courses together and participate in joint research projects.
School of Policy Studies, Fudan program: A study-abroad program in which up to 15 Queen's students enrolled in the Master of Public Administration Program study for six weeks in spring term in academic courses at Fudan University.
Exchange opportunities and joint programs for Chinese and Queen's students
Students attending schools in China and students attending Queen's can participate in the following programs.
Participating institutions in China include (please note that some opportunities are program-specific):
Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business
China Europe International Business School
Guanghua School of Management, Peking University
Renmin University
South China Normal University
Southwest University
Sun Yat-sen University
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
For more information on exchanges, please go to our Exchange Partner Institution database...
Queen's Master of Finance - Beijing
Queen's Master of Finance in Beijing is offered at Renmin University's Hanqing Advanced Institute of Economics and Finance in Beijing, China. Classes are taught in English by outstanding faculty from both schools. The program enables students to earn a Queen's Master of Finance degree in one year, while continuing to work. Renmin University of China is one of the most prestigious universities in China, and has produced many influential figures in China's reform and development.
Learn more: Queen's Master of Finance - Beijing
Participants in the Canada-China Field Course. Learn more about this course...
Joint Field Study Programs
Joint Field Course in Geography: Students from Queen's and students from Beijing Normal University (BNU) undertake field study in physical, economic, human and cultural, urban and political geographies. The field course sites will alternate between Canada and China biannually.
Joint Biology Field Study Program and Canada-China Field Course in Aquatic Biodiversity & Environmental Assessment: Students from Queen's and other Canadian universities and students from participating Chinese universities undertake field study of aquatic environment and ecosystems along
the Yangtze River in the vicinity of the Three Gorges Dam Project, and along
the St. Lawrence River and Frontenac Arch region of eastern Ontario
Queen's is the lead Canadian university and Tongji University is the lead Chinese university for the International Research Lab. Other participating Chinese universities are:
Collaborations also include faculty and graduate student exchange and training, other joint research involving the Yangtze River basin, the World Wildlife Fund, low-impact urban development and aquatic ecosystem remediation, and monitoring environmental change using remote sensing and GIS technology.
China Liaison Office
in 2007, Queen's became the first Canadian university to establish an office in China. The Queen's China Liaison Office is located on the campus of Fudan University in Shanghai.
The responsibilities of the Liaison Officer include seeking and promoting opportunities for academic and research collaboration with Chinese universities and government offices, recruitment of undergraduate and graduate students for degree programs at Queen's, and maintaining links with Queen's alumni in China.
Dr. Zhiyao Zhang, Director, China Liaison Office
Dr. Zhang was born and raised in China and received his MA and PhD in Political Science at Jilin University. He taught at Jilin for a number of years and also served as the associate dean of political studies there for three years. Subsequently, he held visiting fellowships at universities in the U.S. and the U.K. before moving to Canada. He has taught at the Royal Military College of Canada and at Queen's.
Zhiyao Zhang is the director of Queen's China Liaison Office
Sunny Wang, Admission Coordinator
Sunny Wang, MIR'13, spends her days fulfilling her duties as Admission Coordinator on campus and raising Queen's profile in China, speaking with students and giving presentations at high schools and education fairs about the advantages of studying at Queen's and living in Canada.
Ms. Wang attended Anhui University and worked in Shanghai before moving to Canada in 2008 to further her education. She wanted to pursue studies in human resources and enrolled at Western University for an honours bachelor's degree in human resources and psychology before coming to Queen's for the Master of Industrial Relations program.
Knowing the education systems in both countries, Ms. Wang can help ease any fears about studying in a foreign country and the students, she says, appreciate having someone who's lived and studied in both places to guide them and their parents through important decisions.
Sunny Wang is an Admission Coordinator based on campus in Kingston.
Contact Queen's China Liaison Office
Room 610,The Training Centre of the School of Journalism
Fudan University, 400 Guoding Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
中国 上海市 国定路400号 复旦大学新闻学院培训中心610室200433
Tel/Fax: 86-21-55120256
Dr. Zhiyao Zhang: Mobile: +86 158 0054 0636, zhang.zhiyao@queensu.ca
Ms Sunny (Xingbei) Wang: sunny.wang@queensu.ca
Mr. Hyman Haoyong Xu: Mobile: +86 191 4560 6590, haoyong.xu@queensu.ca
Alumni Branch Network
Queen's Alumni Branches in Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong have been served by a strong and committed group of volunteers for the past few decades. Branch volunteers organize and plan a variety of activities for alumni. These events have included hosting a networking evening with Queen's Admissions to a reception with Queen's Principal and Provost. The Branches have a strong relationship with the Consulate General of Canada in Hong Kong and the Consulate General of Canada in Shanghai, who have also helped Queen's host numerous events. Queen's Principal and Provost make regular visits to the region to maintain the close partnership.
Learn more about Queen's alumni branches...
Queen's former principal, Daniel Woolf, attended an alumni reception in Hong Kong in March 2016
The Great Panda Society is a student club at Queen's that explores the history, language, art and cuisines of China with all who share an interest. It cultivates friendships and organizes events and activities (both academic and recreational) for members of different backgrounds. The club also helps new Chinese international students to overcome culture shock and feel at home in Canada as soon as possible.
Other Chinese cultural clubs include:
Chinese Catholic Community
Chinese Students and Scholars Association
Chinese Students Association
Hong Kong Students' Association
Kingston Chinese Christian Fellowship
Chinese and Korean Pop Dance Club
Canadian Asian Student Society – Queen's
Search the Student Clubs directory...
Representatives, including signatories Song Changqing, Executive Dean of Geographical Science at BNU, and Barbara Crow, Dean of Faculty of Arts and Science at Queens, at the November 2018 Beijing Normal University signing ceremony in China.
The Isabel Bader Centre for the Performing Arts hosted the Beijing Guitar Duo in October 2018 as part of the International at Home Series. (Photo by Csilla Volford)
Queen's-China Connection
Watch Queen's video playlist (for non-YouTube users)
Resources, programs, and new initiatives help us to build a campus that embraces diversity and empowers all members of our community to thrive.
Inclusive Queen's website


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My Net Nonsense post from a couple weeks ago on the evils of large companies trying to force long payment terms on suppliers received considerable coverage, including being reposted in Quality Digest this week. However the best – and funniest – commentary was by the editors of Quality Digest in their Quality Digest Live video.
For ten minutes, beginning at about the 13:20 point, they savage some well-known companies like DuPont, Procter & Gamble, Kimberly Clark, JC Penney, and more. Check out their review of the hypocrisy of the mission statements of these companies. Ha! No kidding. Actually rather sad.
Sevitude. Short term… Long term… It doesn't end well.


Citizen Richard Lloyd urges a newly-expanded RWSA board to dredge its main reservoir.
Nearly a year after it first tried to obtain the services of consultants to find out how helpful dredging might be, the Rivanna Water & Sewer Authority unanimously voted Monday, May 18, to seek proposals from qualified dredging consultants. Although water-users in both Albemarle and Charlottesville could benefit from what dredge fans see as low-cost water supply, in a compromise demanded by the County, the City will bear most of the cost.
Later on Monday, in a 4-1 vote, City Council agreed to fund the cost of five of the eight tasks in the anticipated study, whose total price is expected to be approximately $275,000. The compromise was submitted by City Manager Gary O'Connell based on a recent City Council discussion.
"We come with Council's blessing and approvals," said O'Connell, joined Monday at the first Rivanna board to include an Albemarle Supervisor and one of his own bosses, City Councilor Holly Edwards, who marveled at the breadth of the draft Request for Proposals, which demands a lake-bottom survey, analysis of dumping sites, advice on preventing resiltation, and even expertise on regulatory affairs.
"It's almost like we're handing Kryptonite to Superman," she remarked, "because this is a lot of work."
For several citizens, including the half dozen who coalesced under the moniker Citizens for a Sustainable Water Plan and spoke to the now seven-member Rivanna board, Monday was a day for cautious rejoicing.
"This could end up saving our community $100 million," said Betty Mooney, a former Charlottesville Planning Commissioner whose impassioned pleas to reexamine dredging have been at the heart of an at times bitter year-and-half debate.
Even John Martin, a board member of the County water-distribution entity, who has been claiming that dredging the existing reservoir could unravel a carefully constructed plan to guarantee minimum water flows in the Moormans River, heralded the compromise. He asserted after the board meeting that the dredging study ends the divisiveness–- and won't change the so-called 50-year water plan.
Many hope he's wrong about that.
Blasted by such critics as electronics magnate Bill Crutchfield, the local chapter of the Sierra Club, and an array of petition-gathering neighborhoods who fear its potential to cost over $200 million, the official plan has provoked numerous controversies. Besides its cost, questionable aspects include felling 180 acres of mature forest, putting a reservoir under Interstate 64, depending on a new pipeline, and presuming skyrocketing demand in the face of falling water use.
All the while, the community had been told by one engineering firm (which stood to benefit from a $3.1 million contract to design a dam) that dredging was too expensive. Private companies later began clamoring to dredge for a fraction of the firm's estimates.
O'Connell came under fire from three former City Councilors for letting all this happen. The current City Council never publicly upbraided him, but it did launch the drive to seat one of its own alongside him.
Asked after the meeting how he felt about the board's expansion, O'Connell–- who formerly urged "full steam ahead" on the reservoir/pipeline plan–- said he welcomes City Council's effort to make a "better connection."
This is our city council? And this is the one they sent to the RWSA board? No wonder O'Connell is able to take control.
I agree with Mr. Taliaferro that it is distressing that the County will not join with the City to gain better cost information than the faulty information we currently have about dredging. How can this be a responsible action on their part? The Ciy agreed to the $264,000 expense of correcting the faulty estimate of the Ragged Mt. Dam and going forward with a study of that option. Why now would the County turn their backs on the City ? I suggest that if the dam consultants come back wanting even more money for further study the City should hand the bill to the County.
What the hay!! How can it cost $275,000 to do a study on dredging?
Seems to me that you can use sonar to get the reservoir's current geometry. Which is efficient and low cost. I'm sure there must be some data available on the reservoir's initial geometry. The difference will be how much sediment and debris has accumulated. Which amounts to how much to dredge and it's cost.
They really need also fire that "engineering firm" who lied about the cost of dredging.
As a city resident, I'd like councilors and candidates for council to know that there are many city residents that support the current water supply plan. It really sounds as if those running for council are listening to a small group of activists. The Nature Conservancy, and many other area residents were (and still are) on the right track with the approved/adopted water supply plan.
and I'd check with the Councilors if I were you and ask them how many people they've heard from that support going forward with this $200 million dollar concept before getting the dredging cost info. and pipeline costs. Remember this so called plan isn't just the cost of the dam but a non-existent pipeline as well, that the dam depends on.
And get to know what your investment is. Get out on the Reservoir yourself and see all the silt coming into it. We need a permanent maintenance plan to keep the silt out and dredge on a regular basis. Rivanna has been negligent in not doing this. And then hike Ragged Mt. and ask yourself is it sustainable to kill 54,000 trees in this beautiful park 2 miles from town when we could and should dredge first. Don't let anyone tell you dredging wouldn't be enough water. They don't know and it's a scare tactic. As Duane Snow says get the facts first and bring in the dredging experts. We have never done this and it's way past time.
What is the Service Authority thinking dredging will save their customers millions of dollars of debt and prevent double digit rate increases forever. Why are people who don't even pay water and sewer rates on this board and making others pay for their own agendas?
Sure hope Holly Edwards has what it takes to stand up to Sally --I can hear Sally now, over my dead body will they dredge this Reservoir, and that from one who used to say why not dredge ?
Anyone understand this flip-flop ?
It is up to the city to force the County's hand, but they rarely do on council. Council as a group often appears gutless, impressionable, and weak. They let the county rule in the parkway issue and this situation is no different. Time to crack the whip! The county would bend if they were given a reason to do so. We need new blood and someone with firm resolve to stand up for the best interests of the city. Bob Fenwick is the man to finally make the county blink. He will demand results, and the city will reap the benifits.
Giant Eagle, Your arguments don't hold water????
Giant Eagle, there isn't an approved/adopted water supply plan.
I would like to see a list of people in the city who think it's a good idea to spend millions of dollars on a dam without exploring alternatives first, particularly when there isn't even a right of way available for the pipeline it would take to supply it.
the reservoir and pipeline plan is so expensive and obviously impractical that i have to wonder who's palms are being greased. dredging makes sense - reduce, reuse, recycle! this is what happens when amateurs and dilettantes make big civil works decisions: the inmates rum the asylum and the consultants and contractors get rich on the public dime.


One of my favourite depictions of Manjushri, that I used to pray to and worship when I was younger. Click to enlarge or click here to download more free high resolution images of Buddhas.
Chanting the Names of Manjushri (Manjushri Namasanghiti) is one of the most revered tantric texts in Tibetan Buddhism.
The Buddha Shakyamuni and Bodhisattva Manjushri worked closely to expound the Dharma, although Manjushri himself had achieved enlightenment many lifetimes ago. According to the Avatamsaka Sutra, Manjushri is actually the Buddha Nageshvaraja who achieved enlightenment many eons ago in a different world system. In Shakyamuni's time however, he took the form of Manjushri, a student of Lord Buddha himself. Indeed, many teachings arose just because Manjushri asked a question to Buddha Shakyamuni.
Manjushri is the embodiment of wisdom and knowledge, and this Namasanghiti text that recalls his names and qualities represents the pinnacle of all Shakyamuni Buddha's teachings. Scholars classify it as a tantra of the non-dual (advaya) class, along with the Kalachakra Tantra.
The Namasanghiti was expounded by Shakyamuni Buddha for his disciple Vajrapani and his wrathful retinue in order to lead them to Buddhahood. The essence of the Namasanghiti text is that Manjushri Bodhisattva is the embodiment of all knowledge. The Namasanghiti is a short text, consisting only of around 160 verses and a prose section, which is a fraction of the vast Sutras such as Avatamsaka Sutra and Prajnaparamita Sutras, or the endless ocean of tantras such as Manjushri-Mula-Kalpa.
And yet, the Namasanghiti contains all of the Buddha's teachings: a comprehensive and condensed summary of everything Buddha taught. Shakyamuni Buddha says the Namasanghiti is "the chief clarification of words" and the "non-dual reality" which all sentient beings must study and recite. In the monastery, this text is recited daily to invoke the wisdom of Manjushri for their day's meditations, contemplations and Dharma studies.
There are a number of translations currently available online for free download, which I present to you here strictly for educational purposes. May you benefit from forging this connection with the Bodhisattva Manjushri.
Homage to Manjushri in youthful form.
Holders of the hidden mantras.
And, bowing his body, stood in front.
For the sake of the welfare of wandering beings.
Purifying and eliminating negative force.
"O Vanquishing Master, that's excellent," he replied.
(26) "A a, i i, u u, e ai, o au, am a:.
Occurring in the three times.
Maker of every word perfectly clear.
The great foe of all disturbing emotion.
The great foe of great fury.
Great joy, and great delight.
And a great and extensive mandala circle.
Great luster, and great illumination.
The conjurer of an Indra's net of great illusion.
Aspirational prayer, and a sea of deep awareness.
Great skill in means, and great implementation.
He's the great terrifier of the terrifying.
He's superlative in the Great Vehicle's mode of travel.
And, by identity-nature, he (himself) is great mantra's mode of travel.
The mode of travel of the ten far-reaching attitudes.
And the holder of the purified ten sets of knowledge.
The powerful one with ten aspects, the great one.
The one who, just as he speaks, just so does he act.
He's the frightener of the deer of the deficient extremists.
A (chakravartin) emperor of the universe, one that has great strength.
The one that has the great mode of travel, with no need for travel by another mode.
The one that indicates the four truths.
He's the singular cause of the great elemental states.
He's the one with (elements) cooled down, no longer muddied.
Abiding in the mode of travel of the two truths.
Having drawn out the deep awareness of what's unique.
The one who shows the most excellent pathway of mind.
The superb, imperishable sphere of reality.
The one with the built-up pair of networks networked together.
The primordial one who's the highest, the one possessing three enlightening bodies.
Bearing, unhindered, the five enlightening eyes.
The womb of the Dharma, bringing an end to compulsive existence.
As soon as he's born, he's master of the wandering world.
The master of space, the one indicating in various ways.
The great (rishi) muse, worthy of offerings, worthy of honor.
Indicator of the ultimate of the three vehicles of mind.
With a vajra elephant-hook and a great grappling-rope.
Halahala, with a hundred heads.
Vajra illusion, the great bellied one.
Wearer of garments of moist elephant hide.
Possessor of a unique vajra, the terminator of battles.
Having a hundred eyes, vajra eyes.
And tough, (firm) skin, vajras in essence.
The vajra sound of the six syllables.
The best of those possessing a voice.
Bellowing a roar, profound and extensive.
Kettledrum of Dharma in the ten directions.
The bearer of reflections, leaving out none.
He's the one raised on high, the crown banner of Dharma.
Beautiful throughout the world's three planes.
The refuge, the protector, unsurpassed.
The tearer of the web of compulsive existence.
Bearer of the Fully Enlightened as adornment.
The one who abides in space-like equality.
The crown of those wearing the crown of good qualities.
He's master of the all-pervasive, ultimate of all jewels.
He's the one with parental affection toward limited beings.
The one skilled in the three (kinds of) liberation.
The one with the auspicious sign of renown, the famous, constructive one.
The supremely joyous, the master of fame, the glorious one.
The eliminator of what's frightful, without an exception.
And five knotted locks, (each) crowned with a bloom.
The one who's taken ablution, the foremost, Gautama.
The fully liberated one, the peaceful one, the state of peace.
The one with detachment, the one with (residue) body consumed.
The subtle, the untainted, the seedless.
The Omniscient One, the superb knower of all.
The one enacting the enlightening deeds of the Buddhas throughout the three times.
Deep awareness embodied, he's the One Thusly Gone.
The lion of speakers, inconquerable by others.
The illuminator with hands (that are rays) of blazing light.
The great nemesis of the sicknesses of disturbing emotions.
The great ascending of the banner of Dharma.
Great master of the all-pervasive, the one with an umbrella of precious gems.
Unique teaching of all the Buddhas.
He's the sovereign of all (Vajradharas,) the holders of the vajra.
He's the beautiful speech (Sarasvati) of all Buddhas.
Blazing light of various colors.
The keeper of the treasure of omniscient deep awareness.
The supreme syllable, totally pure.
He's vajra intelligence, the knower of things and how they exist.
He's correct deep awareness, the core light of the moon.
He's the bearer of enlightening bodies of deep awareness, without an exception.
The bearer of a circle of assorted emanations.
The bearer of the nature of all existent things.
He's the able sage, with foremost intelligence, the endpoint of that which is perfectly so.
The flame of deep awareness, the excellent clear light.
The complete liberator of all limited beings.
Bearer of forms with heroic and disdainful tones.
The dancer across (the sectors used in) the expanse of the sky.
Pressing down on the tip of Brahma's (egg-like) world.
The one that has a continuity of mind and of partitioning consciousness.
He's great joyful awareness regarding the three (planes of) compulsive existence.
With light from his nails – a great (passionate) red.
Having as jewelry emanations of Buddha.
He's the ruler of the absorbed concentrations of the four types of mindfulness states.
The one knowing the pathway mind of the Perfect, Fully Enlightened.
Having speed in accord with the minds of all limited beings.
The one who holds the full purity of the five aggregate factors.
The one who's indicating every definite deliverance.
He's the holder of the realization of the eightfold awareness.
The Enlightened Buddha, the superb knower of all.
The knower of the objects of all moments of mind.
The one who's established as the fruit of (Ekayana,) the single vehicle of mind.
The one who's emerged from the wilderness by means of the yogas.
The one fulfilling the aims of the wandering world, meaningfully (without fail).
The one that abides in the minds of all limited beings.
He's the joy of the mind of all limited beings.
The one (fulfilling) everyone's aims, with an identity-nature of three constituents.
The bearer of all the Buddhas' self-nature.
He's the great gem, (Ratnaketu,) the crowning jewel.
The triad of families of great hidden mantra.
And the creative-drop void, having six syllables.
Holder of the peak of the fourth level of mental stability.
The ruler of all (Sambhogakaya,) Enlightening Bodies of Full Use.
The one fulfilling the aims of the wandering world, whatever they may be.
The destroyer, and the powerful lord of the destroyers.
The master of generous giving of the Dharma, the great one.
He's the one who finishes the battle against disturbing emotion and unawareness.
He's the Fully Enlightened, the leader of the world.
Worthy for homage, the highest guru.
Possessor of the six types of heightened awareness and the six types of close mindfulness.
He's the one who's come to reality through discriminating awareness.
The superb sovereign of knowing and what's to be known.
And by those traversing the three (pathways of) definite deliverance.
He's Manjushri, (the lovely and glorious,) supreme among those possessing glory.
Homage to you, the Buddhas' purified state.
Homage to you, the Buddhas' play.
Homage to you, the Buddha's (state of) mind.
Homage to you, arising from deep awareness.
Homage to you, enlightening body of deep awareness.
The mode of travel of Illusion's Net.
Being Manjushri, expounded by the Vanquishing Master, the Thusly Gone One, Shakyamuni, is hereby completed.
Homage to Mañjushri who is a True Prince.
Now the glorious Vajradhara, superb in taming those difficult to tame, being victorious over the triple world, a hero, an esoteric ruler, a lord with his weapon.
His eyes as opened white lotuses and face like a pale red lotus in bloom, in his hand waving now and again the best of vajras.
With endless Vajrapanis showing billows of angry brows, heroes in taming those difficult to tame, their forms heroic and fearsome.
Their hands waving the flashing-tipped vajras, excellent agents for the sake of the world by their great compassion and insight and means.
By disposition happy and joyful, delighted, but with forms of wrath and hostility, protectors in doing the duty of buddhas, altogether they stood bent down in homage.
"For my sake, my benefit, O Overlord, through compassion towards me, may I be an obtainer of the realization process of Illusion's Net.
"For the sake of all beings sunk in unknowing, their minds confused in defilement, that they may obtain the highest fruit.
"Until deliverance I will preserve it with steadfast intention, since I am, O Protector, the esoteric bearer for all the completely awakened.
Having beseeched the Tathagata thus for instruction, Vajrapani, the esoteric leader, his body bent, his hands folded in homage, stood in the fore [of the assembly].
Then Shakyamuni, the blessed one, the completely awakened, the best of men, having thrust from his mouth his beautiful, long, wide tongue.
Flooding the triple world with this divine sweet praise, he replied to Vajrapani, the esoteric leader of great power.
"You are eager to hear from me the Litany of Names of the gnostic body of Mañjushri, having great meaning, purifying and clarifying transgression.
Then Shakyamuni, the blessed one, reflected on the three families, the entire mantra family, the mantra-vidyadhara family.
The worldly and superworldly family, the grand world illuminating family, the foremost family, the Mahamudra, and the great family, the exalted coronal dome.
"A Ä I I U U E AI O AU AM AH stand in the heart. I am Buddha, the embodied knowledge of the buddhas occurring in the three times.
"OM homage to you, Embodied Knowledge of Insight, Cutter of Suffering, Sharp as a Vajra. Homage to you, Lord of Speech, Gnostic Body, Arapacana!
"And in this way the blessed one, the Buddha [Mañjushri], the completely awakened, born from the syllable AH, is the syllable AH, the foremost of all phonemes, of great meaning, the supreme syllable.
"Aspirated, unoriginated, without uttering a sound, he is the foremost cause of all expression, shining forth within all speech.
"His great desire is an exalted festival, securing the happiness of all beings; his great anger is an exalted festival, being the enemy of all defilements.
"His great delusion is an exalted festival, subduing the delusion in those with dull wit; his great wrath is an exalted festival, the great enemy of great wrath.
"His great avarice is an exalted festival, subduing all avarice; his great desire is the great delight, grand happiness and great pleasure.
"Of great form and great body, with great color and grand physique, with exalted name he is very noble, having a grand expansive mandala.
"Bearing the great sword of insight, with a great ankus for defilements, he is foremost, greatly famous, very renowned, with great light and exalted splendor.
"Bearing the grand illusion, he is wise, accomplishing the object [of beings in] the grand illusion. Delighted with the pleasure of the grand illusion, he is a conjuror of grand illusions.
"Highest in being a lord of great giving, foremost in exalted morality, firm through embracing great forbearance, he is zealous with great heroism.
"Present in exalted meditation (dhyana) and concentration (samadhi), bearing the body of great insight, he is great strength, great means; he is aspiration and the gnostic ocean.
"Unlimited in loving kindness, greatly compassionate and most intelligent, with great insight and grand intellect, he is great in means with profound performance.
"Arrived at great strength and psychic power, very intense and very fast, employing great psychic power and bearing the name 'Great Lord,' his zeal is in great strength.
"Splitter of the vast mountain of existence, being Mahavajradhara he is indestructible. Being very fierce and very terrible, he creates fear in the very ferocious.
"Being highest with mahavidyas, he is the protector; being highest with mahamantras, he is the guide. Having mounted to the practice of the Great Vehicle, he is highest in the practice of the Great Vehicle.
"Being Mahavairochana, he is Buddha; he is a great sage with profound sapience, and as he is produced by the great practice of mantras, by nature he is the great practice of mantras.
"Having obtained the ten perfections, he is the basis for the ten perfections. Being the purity of the ten perfections, he is the practice of the ten perfections.
"Being the lord of the ten stages, he is the protector established on the ten stages. Himself pure with the ten knowledges, he is the pure bearer of the ten knowledges.
"Having ten aspects, his purpose being the ten referents, he is the leader of sages, a Ten-powered One, an overlord. Performing all and every sort of purpose, he is great, with control in ten aspects.
"Beginningless and by nature without diffusion, naturally pure and in nature suchness, exclaiming just how it is, and, as he says, so he does without any other speech.
"Non-dual and proclaiming non-duality, he stands just at the limit of actuality. With his lion's roar of egolessness, he frightens the deer that is the evil heretic.
"Penetrating everywhere, his path is fruitful; with a speed like the Tathagata's thought, he is a victor whose enemies are conquered, and a conqueror, a universal ruler with great strength.
"At the head of hosts, a preceptor of hosts, a lord of hosts, and a commander of hosts with power, he is foremost through great sustaining power and with an excellent practice, not to be guided by others.
"As the lord of speech, the commander of speech possessed of eloquence, he is the master of speech unending in fluency, and with true speech he speaks the truth, teaching the four truths.
"Not turning back and not seeking rebirth, he is like a rhinoceros, a leader of self-enlightened; having been delivered by various kinds of deliverance, he is the unique cause of the great elements.
"An arhat, a bhikshu with his impurities exhausted, he is separated from passion, his senses subdued. He has obtained ease and fearlessness, becoming cool and limpid.
"Completed in wisdom and good conduct, he is well gone (sugata), the best councilor of the world. Without a sense of 'I' and 'mine,' he is established in the practice of the two truths.
"Standing at the uttermost limit of samsara, he rests on the terrace, his duty done. Having rejected isolatory knowledge, he is the cleaving sword of insight.
"With true Dharma, a king of Dharma, shining, he is supreme as luminary of the world. A lord of Dharma, a king of Dharma, he is the instructor in the path toward wellbeing.
"His aim accomplished and thought accomplished, he has abandoned thought. Devoid of mentation, his sphere is indestructible, the dharmadhatu, supreme, imperishable.
"Possessed of merit, with accumulated merit, he is knowledge and the great source of knowledge. Possessed of knowledge in knowing the real and unreal, he has accumulated the two accumulations.
"Eternal, a universal ruler, a yogin, he is meditation and to be reflected upon, the lord of the intelligent. He is to be personally realized, truly unshakable, primeval, bearing the triple body.
"A buddha in his nature of five bodies, an overlord by his nature of five types of gnosis, wearing a diadem whose nature is five buddhas, having five eyes he maintains dissociation.
"The progenitor of all buddhas, he is Buddha's son, supreme, the best. Arisen from existence in insight, he is sourceless, his source is the Dharma while he puts an end to existence.
"His unique essence impenetrable, himself a vajra, immediately arisen he is the lord of the world; arisen from the sky and self-arisen, he is the exalted fire of insightful gnosis.
"Vairochana, the great lumen, the light of gnosis, he is the illuminator; the lamp of the world, the torch of gnosis, with great splendor he is radiant light.
"Vidyaraja, the lord of excellent mantras, he is mantraraja performing the great goal. As the exalted coronal dome, the marvelous coronal dome, he teaches in every sort of way, the lord of space.
"Foremost, as he is the physical presence of all buddhas, with his eyes bringing happiness to the world; with manifold form he is the creator, a great sage to be worshipped and honored.
"Bearing the three families, he is a possessor of mantras, bearing up mantras and the great vow; he is best in bearing up the Triple Gem and the highest teacher of the triple vehicle.
"Being Amoghapasha, he is victorious; as Vajrapasha he is a great grabber; he is Vajrakusha with a great noose.
"King of furies, six-headed and terrible, six-eyed and sixarmed and strong; he is a skeleton baring its fangs, hundredheaded, Halahala.
"Yamantaka, the king of obstructions, with the force of a vajra, the creator of fear, his is the famous vajra, with a vajra in his heart, having the illusory vajra and a great belly.
"A lord with his weapon, whose source is vajra, with the essence of vajra he is like the sky, and having a unique, unmoving multitude of tufts of hair, he is wet in bearing the elephant-skin garment.
"With great terror, saying Ha Ha, and creating fear saying Hi Hi, with a terrible laugh, a great laugh, he is Vajrahasa, the great clamor.
"He is Vajrasattva, the great being, and Vajraraja with great bliss. Indestructible violent with great delight, he performs the HUM of the Vajrahumkara.
"Taking as a weapon the arrow of vajra, with the sword of vajra he slashes. Holding the crossed vajra, a possessor of vajra, with the unique vajra he is victorious in battle.
"Having terrible eyes blazing like a vajra and with hair blazing like a vajra; he is Vajravesha, in exalted possession, with a hundred eyes, eyes of vajra.
"His body hairs bristling like vajras, a unique body with vajrahairs, the origin of his nails in the tips of vajras, he has skin which is impenetrable and in essence vajra.
"Glorious in bearing a rosary of vajras and ornamented by ornaments of vajra, his is the great noise and the terrible laugh Ha Ha, and the six syllables with noise like a vajra.
"Gentle-voiced (Mañjughosha), with a great roar, he is great with the sound unique in the world. He is sonance as far as the end of the sphere of space and the best of those possessed of sound.
"Being suchness, actual egolessness, the limit of actuality, and devoid of syllables, he is a bull among the speakers of emptiness with a roar both deep and high.
"As the conch of the Dharma he has great sound, and as the gong of the Dharma he has great noise; by his nonlocalized nirvana he is the drum of the Dharma in the ten directions.
"Without form and with form he is the foremost, with various forms made from thought. Being the majesty in the shining of all form, he bears the reflected images in their totality.
"Invincible, distinguished, the lord over the triple-sphere, being well advanced on the noble path he is the crest ornament of the Dharma with great sovereignty.
"His body uniquely youthful in the triple world, he is an elder, old, the lord of creatures. Bearing the thirty-two marks [of the Mahapurusha] he is charming and handsome in the triple world.
"A preceptor of the qualities and knowledge of the world, with confidence he is the preceptor to the world. He is protector, preserver, trustworthy in the triple world, a refuge and the highest defender.
"His active experience (sambhoga) the extension of space, he is the ocean of the Omniscient's gnosis. He splits the shell around the egg of ignorance and tears the net of existence.
"With the general defilements totally pacified, he has gone to the far shore of samsara's ocean. Wearing the diadem of the gnostic consecration, he has for his ornament the perfectly awakened.
"Easing the distress of the three kinds of suffering and bringing the three to an end, he is endless, passed to the triple liberation; released from all veils, he has passed [to the state of] equality like space.
"Beyond the filth of all defilements, he thoroughly comprehends the three times and timelessness; he is the great snake for all beings, the crown of those crowned with qualities.
"Released from all residues he is well established in the track of space; bearing the great wish-fulfilling gem, he is the highest of all jewels, the overlord.
"He is the wide wishing tree and the best of great good vases; an agent acting for the sake of beings, he desires their benefit, with affection towards beings.
"Knowing the skillful and the destructive and aware of timing, he understands the occasion, and possessing his vow, is the overlord. Knowing the faculties of beings and the correct opportunity, he is skilled in the triple release.
"Possessed of qualities, knowing qualities and knowing Dharma, he is auspicious, arisen from auspiciousness. The auspiciousness of all that is auspicious, he is fame and fortune, renown and goodness.
"Being the great festival, the great respite, the grand happiness and the great pleasure, he is a considerate reception, hospitality, prosperity, real joy, glory and the lord of renown.
"Possessed of excellence, the best benefactor, giving refuge he is the highest refuge. Best among the enemies of great fear, he destroys without exception all fear.
"With a tuft of hair, with a crest of hair, an ascetic with braided hair and twisted locks, he has a shaven head and diadem. Having five faces and five hair knots, his flowered crown is of five knots of hair.
"Holding on to the great vow of austerity, he wears the ascetic's grass girdle, his practice pure and highest in his austere vow. Having great penance and having gone to the fulfillment of asceticism, he has taken his ritual bath to be the foremost Gautama.
"A divine brahmana, knower of brahman, he is Brahma having obtained brahmanirvana. He is release, liberation, his body true liberation; he is true release, peacefulness, and final blessedness.
"He is nirvana, cessation, peace, well-being, deliverance, and termination. Ending pleasure and pain, he is the utter conclusion, renunciation with residues destroyed.
"Unconquered, incomparable, indistinct, invisible, and spotless, he is partless, with total access, all-pervading, yet subtle, a seed without impurities.
"Without dirt, dustless, stainless, with faults expelled, and free from disease, he is wide awake, himself awakened, omniscient, universally knowing, and supreme.
"Gone beyond the conditionality of consciousness, he is gnosis, bearing the form of nonduality. Devoid of mentation, spontaneous, he performs the duty of the buddhas of the three times.
Without beginning or end, he is Buddha, Adibuddha without causal connection. Stainless with his unique eye of gnosis, he is embodied gnosis, the Tathagata.
"Lord of speech, the great expounder, the king of speakers, the chief of speakers, he is supreme in being the most excellent among those speaking, the invincible lion of elucidators.
"Seen in all directions, elation itself, with a garland of splendor, handsome, the beloved of Shri, radiant, illuminating, he is light, with the splendor of the illuminator.
"Being the best of great physicians, he is superb, and as a surgeon, the finest. As the tree of every sort of medicine, he is the great enemy of the sickness of defilement.
"In being the tilaka mark of the triple world, he is pleasing and glorious, with a mystic circle of the lunar mansions. Extending as far as the sky in the ten directions, he raises the banner of the Dharma.
"Being the unique vast umbrella for the world, his is the mystic circle of loving kindness and compassion. As Padmanarteshvara he is glorious, variegated like a jewel, the great overlord.
"Being an exalted king among all buddhas, he bears the body of all buddhas; as the mahayoga of all buddhas, he is the unique teaching of all buddhas.
"Glorious with the consecration of Vajraratna, he is lord among all jewel monarchs. Being lord over all Lokeshvaras, he is the monarch over all Vajradharas.
"As the great mind of all buddhas, he is present in the mind of all buddhas. Having the exalted body of all buddhas, he is the Sarasvati of all buddhas.
"The vajra-like sun, the great light, with the stainless brilliance of the vajra-like moon, and having the great desire of renunciation and so forth, his is the blazing light in every sort of color.
"Maintaining the cross-legged position of the completely awakened, he preserves the Dharma discussed by the buddhas. Arisen from the lotus of the Buddha, he is glorious, wearing the treasury of the Omniscient's gnosis.
"Bearing every sort of illusion, he is king, and as the holder of the incantations of the buddhas, he is exalted. Vajratikshna with a great sword, he is pure with the highest syllable.
"Whose great weapon is the Vajradharma of the Great Vehicle which cuts off suffering, he conquers the victors and, deep as a vajra, with vajra-like intellect, knows objects just as they are.
"Fulfilling all the perfections, he wears as ornaments all the levels; as the egolessness of the pure Dharma, his light in his heart is from the moon of perfect gnosis.
"With the great perseverance of the Mayajala, becoming the monarch of all tantras, he is supreme. Maintaining every cross-legged position, he bears every gnostic body.
"As Samantabhadra the very intelligent, being Kshitigarbha supporting the world, as the great womb of all buddhas, he bears the wheel of every sort of transformation.
"Foremost as the proper nature of all existents, he maintains the proper nature of all existents. By nature unarisen, yet with every sort of referent, he bears the proper nature of all dharmas.
"Having great insight in one instant, he maintains the internal comprehension of all dharmas. With his realization toward all dharmas, and as the sage at the end of actuality, he is very sharp.
"Motionless, himself very clear, he bears the enlightenment of the perfect completely awakened, face to face with all buddhas, having fire-tongues of gnosis and radiant light.
"As the accomplisher of the desired object, supreme, purifying all evil existences, being the highest of beings, he is protector, the liberator of all beings.
"Alone the hero in the battle with defilements, he kills the pride of the enemy 'unknowing.' He is intelligence and glory, maintaining an amorous manner, yet he bears a form heroic and fearsome.
"Shaking a hundred hand-held clubs, dancing with the placing of the feet, with the extension of a hundred glorious arms, he dances the full expanse of space.
"Standing on the surface at the summit of the earth which is being overcome by the bottom of one foot, he stands on the nail of the foot's big toe, overcoming the peak of the egg of Brahma.
"Being the one goal in the ultimate sense of the non-dual Dharma, he is absolute truth, imperishable. While his sense objects are in the forms of various representations, he is uninterrupted in mind and consciousness.
"With pleasure towards every existential object and with pleasure in emptiness, he has the foremost intellect. Having gone beyond the desire and so forth within existence, his great pleasure is toward the three kinds of existence.
"White like a pure, radiant cloud and shining like the beams of the autumn moon, with the beauty of the mystic circle of the newly risen sun, the light from his nails is intensely red.
"His fine fair locks with points of sapphire and bearing in his hair crest a great sapphire, glorious with the luster of great jewels, his ornaments are transformations of the Buddha.
"Shaking hundreds of world spheres, he strides wide with the 'feet of psychic power.' Bearing the great recollection, he is reality, the king over the concentration of the four recollections.
"Fragrant from the blossoms of the limbs of enlightenment, being the ocean of qualities of the Tathagata, in knowing the practice of the eight-limbed path, he knows the path of the perfect completely awakened.
"Greatly adhering to all beings, he adheres to nothing, like the sky; arisen from the mind of all beings, he has the speed of the minds of all beings.
"Knowing the value of the faculties of all beings, he captures the hearts of all beings; knowing the reality of the meaning in the five skandhas, he is the pure bearer of the five skandhas.
"Established at the limit of all modes of deliverance, he is skilled in all modes of deliverance; established on the path of all modes of deliverance, he is the teacher of all modes of deliverance.
"Rooting out existence in its twelve limbs, he is the pure bearer of twelve aspects, with the aspect of the practice of the four truths, he maintains the realization of the eight knowledges.
"His referent truth in twelve aspects, knowing the sixteen aspects of reality, he is totally enlightened to the twenty aspects, awake, omniscient and supreme.
"Sending forth crores of emanating bodies of uncountable buddhas, his complete realization is in every moment, knowing the objects of every instant of mind.
"Considering the purpose of the world by the means of practicing the various vehicles, while delivered by the triple vehicle, he is established in the fruit of the unique vehicle.
"Himself purified from defiled elements, he subdues the elements of karma; crossed over the ocean of the floods, he has departed the wilderness of the adhesions.
"Along with the perfuming elements he casts off the defilements, the associate defilements, and the general defilements. Being compassion and insight and means, he acts successfully for the sake of the world.
"His purpose the casting off of all conceptions, toward the objects of consciousness he maintains suppression. His referent the mind of all beings, he is present in the minds of all beings.
"Established within the minds of all beings, he enters into equality with their minds; satisfying the minds of all beings, he is the pleasure of all beings' minds.
"Being the final statement, free from bewilderment, he is exempt from all error; having three referents, his mind is free of doubt, and having all objects, his nature is of three qualities.
"His referents the five skandhas and the three times, he considers every instant; obtaining total awakening in one instant, he is the bearer of the proper nature of all buddhas.
"Having a bodiless body, the foremost of bodies, he sends forth crores of bodies; displaying forms without exception, he is Ratnaketu, the great gem.
"To be realized by all buddhas, as the enlightenment of the Buddha, he is supreme; devoid of syllables, his source is in mantra; he is the triad of the great mantra families.
"The progenitor of the significance of all mantras, he is the great bindu, devoid of syllables; with five syllables and greatly void, he is voidness in the bindu, with one hundred syllables.
"Having all aspects, having no aspects, he bears four bindus; partless, beyond enumeration, he sustains the limit at the level of the fourth meditation.
"Directly knowing all the branches of meditation, knowing the lineages and families of concentration, with a body of concentration, the foremost of bodies, he is the king of all sambhogakayas.
"With an emanating body, the foremost of bodies, bearing the lineage of the Buddha's emanations, he emanates forth in every one of the ten directions, acting for the needs of the world just as they are.
"The deity beyond gods, the leader of gods, the leader of heavenly beings, he is the lord of demigods, leader of immortals, the guide of heavenly beings, a churner and the lord of churners.
"Crossed over the wilderness of existence, he is unique, the teacher, the guide of the world; celebrated, and being the donor of Dharma to the world in its ten directions, he is great.
"Dressed in the mail of loving kindness, equipped with the armor of compassion, [armed] with [a volume of] Prajña [Paramita], a sword, a bow and an arrow, he is victorious in the battle against defilements and unknowing.
"Having Mara as an enemy, he conquers Mara, a hero putting an end to the terror of the four maras; the conqueror of the army of all maras, he is the completely awakened, the leader of the world.
"Praiseworthy, honorable, laudable, continually worthy of respect, he is the best of those to be worshipped, venerable, to be given homage, the supreme guide.
"His gait being one step through the triple world, his course as far as the end of space, triple-scienced, learned in scripture and pure, his are the six sublime perceptions and the six recollections.
"A bodhisattva, a great being, beyond the world, with great spiritual power, completed in the perfection of insight, he has realized reality through insight.
"Knowing himself and knowing others, being all for all, indeed he is the highest type of person; completely beyond all comparisons, he has to be known, the supreme monarch of gnosis.
"Being the donor of the Dharma, he is best, the teacher of the meaning of the four mudras; he is the best of the venerable ones of the world who travel by the triple deliverance.
"Glorious and purified through absolute truth, great with the fortune in the triple world, glorious in making all success, Mañjushri is supreme among those possessed of glory.
"Reverence to you, the giver of the best, the foremost vajra. Homage to you, the limit of actuality. Reverence to you, whose womb is emptiness. Homage to you, the enlightenment of the Buddha.
"Reverence to you, the desire of the Buddha. Homage to you, the passion of the Buddha. Reverence to you, the joy of the Buddha. Homage to you, the delight of the Buddha.
"Reverence to you, the Buddha's smile. Homage to you, the Buddha's laugh. Reverence to you, the Buddha's speech. Homage to you, the Buddha's internal reality.
"Reverence to you, arisen from nonexistence. Homage to you, the arising of buddhas. Reverence to you, arisen from the sky. Homage to you, the arising of gnosis.
"Reverence to you, Illusion's Net. Homage to you, the Buddha's dancer. Reverence to you, the all for all. Homage to you, the gnostic body.
Then the glorious Vajradhara, joyful and glad, with his hands folded in homage, bowed to the Protector, the Completely Awakened, the Blessed One, the Tathagata.
"We rejoice, O Protector, it is good, it is fine, it is well said. Great benefit is done for us in causing us to obtain perfect enlightenment.
"And also for this unprotected world desiring the fruit of liberation, this purified path to well-being is proclaimed as the practice of Illusion's Net.
Proclaimed by the blessed one, the Tathagata Shakyamuni, in the Net of Samadhi chapter occurring in the Mahayogatantra, the Aryamayajala in 16,000 lines, this Litany of Names of the blessed one, the gnostic entity Mañjushri, possessing absolute validity is hereby complete.
These are some nice high resolution images of Buddhas for you to download and print out for your altar. For more free images of Buddhas and enlightened beings, please click here to visit the gallery.
Dorje Shugden is an Enlightened Being, an emanation of the Buddha of Wisdom, Manjushri. He arose as a Dharma Protector 350 years ago in order to best safeguard the precious teachings of the Second Buddha known as Lama Tsongkhapa, to benefit all sentient beings. Below are some modern depictions of Dorje Shugden in the Indian, Byzantine and Chinese styles. You can also click here to read more about this wrathful emanation of Manjushri.
An Indian depiction of the Dharma Protector Dorje Shugden, who is considered to be an emanation of Manjushri, the Buddha of Wisdom. Click to enlarge or click here to download more free high resolution images of Buddhas.
A Byzantine depiction of the Dharma Protector Dorje Shugden, who is considered to be an emanation of Manjushri, the Buddha of Wisdom. Click to enlarge or click here to download more free high resolution images of Buddhas.
A Chinese depiction of the Dharma Protector Dorje Shugden, who is considered to be an emanation of Manjushri, the Buddha of Wisdom. Click to enlarge or click here to download more free high resolution images of Buddhas.
Thank you, Rinpoche sharing with us such a powerful praise on Lord Manjushri. Rinpoche has said before that there is no way that anyone can reach enlightenment without relying on Lord Manjushri. His blessings for us to gain wisdom and clarity is so important.
It was also said that Lord Buddha taught a lot of the teachings because of Manjushri's requests for teachings.
Thank you to His Eminence Tsem Rinpoche and also the writer's team for sharing this important text on Manjushri with all of us. I can safely say, if I had not meet His Eminence, I would not have encountered Manjushri let alone Dorje Shugden.
Rinpoche also mentioned before, without Manjushri enlightenment is not possible at all, As Manjushri is embodiment of wisdom, without wisdom and compassion alone, we cannot traverse the Buddha path completely.
Learning about Manjushri and the many forms of Manjushri is imperative in our lineage. Lord Tsongkhapa, the founder of Gelugpa lineage is the emanation of Lord Manjushri. The unparalleled strength of Manjushri practice lies in the fact that he manifests in all four cycles of Tantra – Kriya, Charya, Yoga and Maha-Anuttarayoga – and he can be approached and reached by practitioners of any level.
It was because of Manjushri who asked many questions, Buddha Shakyamuni was able to expound many Dharma teachings. It is said that Manjushri actually Buddha Nageshvaraja, one of the 35 Confessional Buddha, who achieved enlightenment many eons ago in a different world system. He returned as Buddha's disciple to help expound Dharma.
"Chanting the Names of Manjushri" or known as "Manjushri Namasanghiti" was expounded by Buddha Shakyamuni for his disciple Vajrapani and his wrathful retinue in order to lead them to Buddhahood. This is a short text that can be recited daily to invoke the wisdom of Manjushri for their day's meditations, contemplations and Dharma studies.
Thank you, Rinpoche and Pastor David for the sharing.
I really enjoyed this article. Manjusrinamasangiti was one of the texts that caught my attention earlier in the year, and I want to share a couple of things that I've been looking at and listening to a lot in the past year.
I hope these will bring joy to those who listen and look on it, as it had to me.
Manjushri is the embodiment of wisdom of all the Buddhas. It is said that he was already enlightened countless aeons ago as Buddha Nageshvaraja who achieved enlightenment in a different world system. During Shakyamuni's time he appeared himself as one of his eight chief bodhisattva disciples.
The essence of the Namasanghiti text is that Manjushri Bodhisattva is the embodiment of all knowledge. It contains all of the Buddha's teachings: a comprehensive and condensed summary of everything Buddha taught.
In the monastery, this text is recited daily invoking Manjushri's wisdom during meditations, contemplations and Dharma studies.
Thank you Rinpoche for sharing the 167 Verses of the "Concert Of Names of Manjushri". "Chanting the Names of Manjushri (Manjushri Nama Sangiti)"contains all of the Buddha's teachings: a comprehensive and condensed summary of everything Buddha taught. Indeed, Shakyamuni Buddha says that as "the chief clarification of words" and the "non-dual reality" , it is a litany which all sentient beings must study and recite.
I have always found this litany of the names of Manjushri a very powerful and stirring prayer to recite.
Shakyamuni Buddha had taught the Manjushri Nama Sangiti to his disciple Vajrapani and his wrathful retinue in order to lead them to Buddhahood. The essence of this Litany is that Bodhisattva Manjushri is the embodiment of all the wisdom and knowledge of all Buddhas.
Although this text is but a fraction of the vast Sutras such as Avatamsaka Sutra and Prajna Paramita Sutras -consisting only of around 160 verses and a prose section, yet it contains all of Buddha's teachings! So Powerful is this text that monks in the monastery would recite it daily to invoke the wisdom of Manjushri for their day's meditations, contemplations and Dharma studies!
I wonder if anyone can recite this prayer. Firstly, as it is available here in full, I deem it open and anyone can recite it. Secondly, it is supposed to be a tantra and well, you have to be initiated to be able to recite any tantric text. Moreover, it is not easy to find commentaries of this prayer in the internet.
So, here I assume that it is alright for those without initiation to recite the prayer but the commentaries are reserved for those initiates. It must be a very blessed prayer to recite then. One for us to received blessings perhaps, by merely reciting it?
Thank you for your interests in Jampel Tsenjod and your suggestion.


When I was first in parish work, I remember the parish priest talking with the schoolchildren about the topic of Lent and prayer, fasting, and almsgiving. He asked them if any of them knew what fasting was. After a very long wait, one student raised his hand and said, "It is what I do when my Mom is mad at me. I run really fast!" The adults in the assembly burst into laughter.
Laughter is good. However, the Lenten devotions of prayer, fasting, and almsgiving are very serious practices for us as we prepare to celebrate the Easter mysteries.
As our catechumens prepare for the Easter sacraments, we are called by the Church to model what it means to be a Catholic Christians. We are called, especially during this Lenten season, to pray, fast, and give from the wealth we have to those who need our assistance.
This season is not merely a season of obligation to act more intently as God calls us to act; it is a season of opportunity to practice the foundation of our faith more attentively: prayer, fasting, almsgiving.


There are 4 homes for sale in West Quay.
West Quay is Polygon's latest condo development in vibrant Lower Lonsdale. Offering a mix-use, 5 storey building with 148 units on West Esplanade, overlooking Waterfront Park and with terrific Downtown Vancouver Views.


text:
New Hot Dog Eating Contest Champion
By: Justin Thompson-Gee Facebook | Twitter
(CNN) Down goes Chestnut. Long live the \"Megatoad.\"
For the first time in nearly a decade, the world's hot dog king is someone not named Joey Chestnut.
Matthew \"Megatoad\" Stonie devoured 62 hot dogs and buns in 10 minutes at Nathan's Famous International Hot Dog Eating Contest in New York on Saturday, beating longtime champion Chestnut's tally of 60 and winning his first mustard yellow belt.
\"Today I claimed a belt that hasn't changed hands in 8 years. 62 Hot Dogs in ten minutes. #Happy4thJuly,\" Stonie tweeted Saturday afternoon.
At 5-foot-8 and 130 pounds, Stonie beat his own record of 56 from last year's contest.
A smiling Stonie told the crowd it was surreal to win on the sport's biggest stage.
He was a humble victor.
\"Joey is an amazing competitor,\" Stonie said of his rival.
\"I know he brings 100% to the Fourth of July and he is a legend of the sport,\" he told ESPN2, which broadcast the event.
\"To beat him by a couple of hot dogs this year is... you know I trained hard for this and I can't say I came in confident, but I came prepared,\" Stonie said.
Fans wearing Nathan's hats cheered for Stonie throughout the competition while others held signs reading \"Joey ate my lunch.\"
Chestnut had won eight straight titles at the eating contest at Brooklyn's Coney Island. He still holds the record of 69 hot dogs from his 2013 competition.
\"I just had trouble,\" Chestnut said after the competition. \"I was slow and he was eating fast.\"
Last year, Chestnut made additional headlines when he proposed to his girlfriend just before the competition, but the two split earlier this year.
\"I did bad, he deserved to win,\" Chestnut said of Stonie.
\"I've been looking for a competition for a long time and now I have it, and now he's made me hungry,\" Chestnut said, and vowed he'd definitely come back for a rematch next year.
Shortly after the reigning king was defeated, Nathan's tweeted thanks to Chestnut, saying he has been an \"incredible champion for 8-straight years & showed his class in his defeat.\"
Asked on Twitter how he prepared for the contest, Chestnut tweeted, \"I eat almost no solid food for about 2 days before a big contest. Keep loose and empty with lots of liquid.\"
In the women's competition, Miki Sudo won for the second consecutive year, eating 38 hot dogs -- four more than her mark last year. The runner-up was Sonya Thomas, who still holds the women's contest record of 45 dogs.
\"Compared to last year I was incredibly underprepared,\" Sudo told ESPN. \"I hadn't practiced but somehow was able to pull it off.\"
The famous men's competition has taken place annually since 1972. The women's competitive eating competition began just four years ago in 2011.
Today 18° Mix of sun and clouds


Cobham Antenna Systems, Microwave Antennas (Cobham), a leading antenna producer, has developed a dual-polar UHF sector antenna for use in the 'White Space' frequency bands. This is the first product in a range of similar dual-polar base station antennas, which will be available from Cobham soon, in 2GHz, 3GHz and 5GHz bands.
Cobham's wideband SA11-90-0.6VH/2178 antenna provides both vertical and horizontal polarisations. In conjunction with radios, having two-port diversity, it can provide non-line-of-sight (NLOS) connectivity and reliable communications in challenging environmental conditions.
The SA11-90-0.6VH/2178 antenna covers the entire frequency range 470-700MHz, meaning that it can be used in situations where a number of channels are spaced widely apart. With fewer antennas needed, operators and installers will incur lower inventory and installation costs.
The 'White Space' frequency band has been opened following the discontinuation of analogue television transmissions in some countries. The available frequencies have been allocated for both licensed and unlicensed uses producing exciting opportunities in long distance communication.
The UHF band is recognised for the ability to provide communications over large distances; across remote regions of land or sea; and good penetration in built-up areas. The band offers high data rates, making it extremely suitable for machine to machine (M2M) applications.
Having high gain (11dBi peak) and wide area coverage, with a 90 degree beamwidth the SA11-90-0.6VH/2178 antenna can be used stand-alone to provide sector coverage. Used in a configuration, four units are required to achieve 360 degree coverage. With appropriate power dividers and phase-matched cables, several antennas could also be stacked vertically, producing a narrower elevation beamwidth and increased gain. These are available from Cobham.
Cobham has integrated both sets of the polarised elements within the same vertical aperture producing a compact, lightweight and rugged antenna. With a UV resistant radome it is designed for long term deployment. Having dimensions of 1550 x 550 x 232mm and approximate weight, including mounting kit, of 20kg, this means shipping costs can be reduced and ease of installation increased.
For a full copy of this product announcement click here to download a PDF copy.
To download a copy of the Datasheet please click on the PDF icon.


text:
Q: What is the probability that gravitation wave detections were coincidental errors? The reported discovery of gravitational waves has been put in question by the scientific community:
https://www.quantamagazine.org/strange-noise-in-gravitational-wave-data-sparks-debate-20170630/
In any case, the discovery is based on a short segment of two continuous measurements having an approximately matching pattern (see the plot in the link above). My question is if this match could be just a random coincidence.
Consider two people continuously tossing coins in separate rooms. The results are recorded and correlated. At first they are seemingly random, but given time, there is a certain probability that the results would temporarily match. And the longer we observe, the more likely we get similar patterns.
I have observed a real roulette in a casino for the result to be red or black. Just on the second day of my observation the roulette produced 20 reds in a row. Superficially this is highly improbable, but so is the entire reality.
My question is, what is the margin of error in the gravitational waves discovery data from the standpoint of the probabilistic random coincidence that just looks like correlated signals?

A: According the LIGO publication:

false alarm rate [is] estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than $5.1\sigma$.

With respect to being called into question, as of today (August 2017) there's still no agreement on that.
After the criticism by the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) group; the answer from a member of the LIGO collaboration; and the reply from by NBI group; this August (2017) members of the LIGO collaboration visited the NBI for two weeks of discussions. It apparently became clear that there remain "in-principle disagreements" between the teams, with the NBI group summarizing their position on Aug 21st:

We believe that LIGO has not yet attained acceptable standards of data cleaning. Since we regard proof of suitable cleaning as a mandatory prerequisite for any meaningful comparison with specific astrophysical models of GW events, we continue to regard LIGO's claims of GW discovery as interesting but premature.

The community appeared to show a mostly skeptical reaction to the original NBI group paper, and it might be heading to obscurity. If so, it'll be hopefully reflecting flaws in the criticism $-$ and not an over-reliance on the authority of the LIGO collaboration.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
/*
 * This code was generated by
 * ___ _ _ _ _ _    _ ____    ____ ____ _    ____ ____ _  _ ____ ____ ____ ___ __   __
 *  |  | | | | |    | |  | __ |  | |__| | __ | __ |___ |\ | |___ |__/ |__|  | |  | |__/
 *  |  |_|_| | |___ | |__|    |__| |  | |    |__] |___ | \| |___ |  \ |  |  | |__| |  \
 *
 * Twilio - Preview
 * This is the public Twilio REST API.
 *
 * NOTE: This class is auto generated by OpenAPI Generator.
 * https://openapi-generator.tech
 * Do not edit the class manually.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Twilio.Base;
using Twilio.Converters;

namespace Twilio.Rest.Preview.Understand.Assistant.Task
{
    /// <summary> fetch </summary>
    public class FetchTaskStatisticsOptions : IOptions<TaskStatisticsResource>
    {

        ///<summary> The unique ID of the parent Assistant. </summary>
        public string PathAssistantSid { get; }

        ///<summary> The unique ID of the Task associated with this Field. </summary>
        public string PathTaskSid { get; }

        /// <summary> Construct a new FetchUnderstandTaskStatisticsOptions </summary>
        /// <param name="pathAssistantSid"> The unique ID of the parent Assistant. </param>
        /// <param name="pathTaskSid"> The unique ID of the Task associated with this Field. </param>
        public FetchTaskStatisticsOptions(string pathAssistantSid, string pathTaskSid)
        {
            PathAssistantSid = pathAssistantSid;
            PathTaskSid = pathTaskSid;
        }

        /// <summary> Generate the necessary parameters </summary>
        public  List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> GetParams()
        {
            var p = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();

            return p;
        }

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Location Location Location !! Busy Downtown Deli located in a Large Office Building Lobby in Downtown Tampa. High Margin Sales with cash flow of $145K to current owner who has run this 5 day smooth operation for the last 18 years w/ 3 Full Time employees. Last 12 month sales $514,000 (Verifiable). Easy Menu. 5 table small seating area w/ windows. Large selection of Grab N Go Sandwiches, Salads, cold drinks, snacks, health bars and self serving coffee. Rent includes all utilities, electricity etc. Excellent books and Record keeping. No hoods, fryers, grease or bathrooms to deal with. 7:30am-5pm. M-F. Closed evenings/weekends and all holidays.
Complete Build out with Walk in Cooler and stainless steel counters.


When buying a home for the first time, it is important to understand every step of the home buying process. Here are some tips to consider for the home buying process from the beginning of the search to the final closing.
Learn the home buying process. Have at least a basic understanding of the terminology. Understand key factors involved like mortgages, loans, maintenance fees, taxes, and appraisals. Learn about the real estate market, especially if you have already decided on your new city or town. Be prepared for the process and ask the right questions to know you are completely ready to buy your first home. Know what will happen from the beginning of the process to the final closing on the house.
Understand your financial situation and create the proper budget accordingly. You should consider all potential expenses including down payments, maintenance fees, taxes, mortgages, furniture costs, insurance, and utility bills. Know your budget and how to negotiate for the best deal based on your situation.
Think of why you want to buy a home and what criteria that home should meet. Consider the lot size, the type of neighborhood and neighborhood amenities, and the distance to and from your workplace and/or school locations. Make a list of your preferences to help you decide on the right home.
Choose the right agent. Understand what an agent does and plan what questions you should ask your agent. An Eillu real estate professional can help you understand the market, allow you to stay within your budget as you search for homes, and make the suggestions personalized to your criteria in the home buying process.
Look for homes based on your preferences. Know details like the number of bathrooms and bedrooms you need and the size of the lot you prefer. Also consider the type of home that you need like a single-family home or a town home. Once you choose a few different houses as your preferences, have the houses inspected. This can help you understand the state of the house and decide on any necessary repairs needed. Once you know these maintenance costs, make sure they are in the budget you have created. When you are completely prepared, negotiate and make the offer.
Prepare for the closing. Understand how the closing process works and make sure you read all of the documentation you are given. Ask questions and talk to your agent.
Eillu is prepared to help you with your home buying process. Our experienced professionals want to assist you as you buy a home for the first time. Contact Eillu today to learn more about the home buying process.


text:
This is the dgnest blog of [dgnest.com](http://dgnest.com). See live at [blog.dgnest.com](http://blog.dgnest.com)

## Installation & Usage
    bundle install
    jekyll serve --watch

_Note: Requires Ruby version 1.9.3 =>. For example use [rbenv](https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv)_

## Configuration
Edit: _config.yml (general options), main.css (theme colors & fonts)

```
jekyll-incorporated/
├── _config.yml
├── _assets/
    ├── stylesheets/
        ├── main.scss
```

_Note: when editing _config.yml, you need to restart jekyll to see the changes.__

## Publish to Github Pages
1. Add your domain to _CNAME_
2. Edit your repo address at _Rakefile_

Run rake task. **NOTE: It will deploy the generated site to _gh-pages_ branch overwriting it**
```
rake site:publish
```

## Theme copyright and license

Copyright 2013 Kippt Inc. under [MIT License](LICENSE)


The statutory auditor's fees for carrying out his mandate at group level amounted to €475.0 thousand in 2016 (2015: €235.0 thousand). The fees for audit-related services executed by the statutory auditor, in particular other assurance engagements primarily related to the performance of the audit or review of the company's financial statements, amounted to €186.0 thousand in 2016 (2015: €538.4 thousand), of which €6.2 thousand related to legal assignments (2015: €33.0 thousand). Fees for persons related to the statutory auditor for carrying out an auditor's mandate at group level amounted to €40.0 thousand in 2016 (2015: €45.0 thousand). The audit committee and the board of directors are of the opinion that these non-audit services do not affect the independence of the statutory auditor in the performance of his audit. The abovementioned additional fees were fully approved by the audit committee in accordance with article 133 §6 of the Belgian Companies Code.


text:
The Detroit Lions Have To Beat The Jacksonville Jaguars
Mandatory Credit: Raj Mehta-USA TODAY Sports via Reuters
David Hookstead Smoke Room Editor-in-Chief
October 18, 2020 9:04 AM ET
The Detroit Lions need a huge win Sunday over the Jacksonville Jaguars.
The Lions are currently 1-3, and there still might be enough time to salvage the season. The first step in saving the season happens today against the Jags. (RELATED: David Hookstead Is The True King In The North When It Comes To College Football)
A post shared by Detroit Lions (@detroitlionsnfl) on Oct 14, 2020 at 4:04pm PDT
As much as I love Gardner Minshew balling out in the NFL, the Jags aren't a very good team at all. There's no excuse for Matthew Stafford and company to not win.
There's no excuse at all to not win.
As I've said many times before, there are some serious changes that need to be made to the Lions. It's just the reality of the situation.
We're a joke of a team, and Matt Patricia will likely be fired at the end of the season.
A post shared by Detroit Lions (@detroitlionsnfl) on Oct 11, 2020 at 5:33am PDT
If we can't even beat the damn Jags, then they should just fire him today. You know how he can change my mind?
He can at least beat bad teams like the Jacksonville Jaguars.
Just win today, Detroit. Just win. If we don't then I'm all for firing Patricia before the sun comes up tomorrow.
Tags : detroit lions matt patricia matthew stafford national football league
David Hookstead
Follow David Hookstead on Twitter and Instagram


text:
UWC academic takes mobility research to new heights with a Fellowship from the Royal Geographical Society
Professor Bradley Rink, Associate Professor in the University of the Western Cape's Department of Geography, Environment Studies and Tourism, has been awarded a 2021 Royal Geographical Society Wiley Digital Archives Research Fellowship.
He is the only South African to be named as one of 11 recipients, and one of only two fellows from Africa. As such, Prof Rink will have access to the Wiley Digital Archives for the next six months to complete his research on "Airmindedness redux: growing tourism and worldliness through aeromobility in Africa".
Rink describes the project that secured this prestigious fellowship as a "reboot" of the notion of airmindedness in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s. His work will focus on the emergent Jet Age, when the notion of being able to travel around the world from what was then still perceived as "the dark continent of Africa" gained momentum. "With the introduction of super-modern aircraft it became possible to link Lusaka and London," Rink explains.
The Research Fellowships have been awarded by the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) to make their pre-1945 Collections accessible to a wider audience. A partnership with the Wiley Digital Archives (WDA) means that researchers such as Rink will be able to access the material remotely via the WDA platform - a significant benefit while lockdown restrictions are in place.
The digital archive contains more than 150 000 maps, charts and atlases, as well as manuscripts and field notes, spanning four centuries, dating from 1478 to 1953. It is representative of the largest private collection of geographical material, dating back to the 1400s, that is held by the RGS in London.
The Fellowship will create opportunities to present at local and international conferences, and to be published in one of the Royal Geographical Society's journals, adds Rink. It will also enable Rink to add his work to the esteemed Collections, which include contributions from other influential geographers such as David Livingstone and Edmund Hillary.
Anél Lewis


There is no doubt that the UK is a hub for some of the greatest music ever created. Many artists travel there to help their careers take off, like Jimi Hendrix for instance. This land of great opportunity has launched the careers of many and some of music's greatest minds have come forth. Now, the beautiful thing about debut albums is that bands have all the time in the world to come up with material and don't have any kind of deadline from record companies. In my opinion, some of the greatest debut albums include: Homework (Daft Punk), Rage Against the Machine, Led Zeppelin I, Are You Experienced, and about a hundred more I can't remember. All of these did very well in the UK, but have you ever wondered what album sold the fastest over there? Well, it's by one of their own, the Arctic Monkeys. Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not sold 120,000 copies on its day of release and saw about 360,000 sold by the end of the week. Overall, the sales have totaled up to around 1,400,000. Give it a listen, it's definitely worth your time.


text:
Snoop Dogg Criticizes Cardi B's 'WAP'
By Bryce Hampton On 12 December 2020
Snoop Dogg is in the dog house for his comments about "WAP."
During an interview with Julissa Bermudez on Central Ave (via XXL), the West Coast icon shared his thoughts on Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion's controversial single.
"Oh my God. Slow down. Like, slow down. And let's have some imagination," Snoop said of the chart-topping hit. "Let's have some, you know, privacy, some intimacy where he wants to find out as opposed to you telling him."
He continued, "To me it's like, it's too fashionable when that in secrecy, that should be a woman's…that's like your pride and possession. That's your jewel of the Nile. That's what you should hold onto. That should be a possession that no one gets to know about until they know about it."
Snoop admitted that the song may appeal to his 21-year-old daughter, but it makes him feel uneasy as a 49-year-old father. "My daughter is from a different era, though," Snoop said. "She's from this era. She may be doing the 'WAP' or apart of the 'WAP' and I can't be mad at her 'cause it's her generation, you know what I'm saying. But, at the same time, the things that I would rather see, you know, 'cause I'ma older man."
In his youth, Snoop may have felt differently. "Now, when I was young, 21, 22, I may have been with the movement. I probably would have been on the remix," he added. "But as an older man, I love it that they're expressing themselves and they're doing their thing, I just don't want it that fashionable to where young girls feel like they can express themselves like that without even knowing that that is a jewel that they hold onto until the right person comes around."
He received backlash on social media from those who noted Snoop's own history of raunchy and misogynistic songs like "Ain't No Fun (If the Homies Can't Have None)" and "Bitches Ain't Shit."
The very same Snoop Dogg who made SEXUAL ERUPTION want to talk trash about Cardi B & Megan WAP. Grown men MAD women been taking over hip hop and talking what THEY WANT AND HOW THEY WANT
— Chelsea. (@charmdiddy) December 12, 2020
"Guess who's back in the mf house with a fat dick for your mf mouth…"
– Snoop Dogg, the man who doesn't agree with WAP.
— Dedee 🥀 (@thoughtfulbae) December 12, 2020
When "WAP" was released, it received criticism for its provocative lyrics, but Cardi and Meg were quick to point out that male rappers have been doing the same thing for years.
Lol dudes will scream "slob on my knob" word for word and crying abt WAP 😂 bye lil boy
— HOT GIRL MEG (@theestallion) August 11, 2020
Kid Cudi and Eminem Team Up on 'The Adventures of Moon Man & Slim Shady'
Post Malone Readies Uplifting New Album
J. Cole, Travis Scott and Future Headlining Rolling Loud Festival
Chris Brown Confronts Fan for Trespassing Onto His Property