text:
package sdk.java.src.org.opencv.android;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.engine.OpenCVEngineInterface;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;

class AsyncServiceHelper {
    public static boolean initOpenCV(String Version, final Context AppContext,
                                     final LoaderCallbackInterface Callback) {
        AsyncServiceHelper helper = new AsyncServiceHelper(Version, AppContext, Callback);
        if (AppContext.bindService(new Intent("org.opencv.engine.BIND"),
                helper.mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)) {
            return true;
        } else {
            AppContext.unbindService(helper.mServiceConnection);
            InstallService(AppContext, Callback);
            return false;
        }
    }

    protected AsyncServiceHelper(String Version, Context AppContext, LoaderCallbackInterface Callback) {
        mOpenCVersion = Version;
        mUserAppCallback = Callback;
        mAppContext = AppContext;
    }

    protected static final String TAG = "OpenCVManager/Helper";
    protected static final int MINIMUM_ENGINE_VERSION = 2;
    protected OpenCVEngineInterface mEngineService;
    protected LoaderCallbackInterface mUserAppCallback;
    protected String mOpenCVersion;
    protected Context mAppContext;
    protected static boolean mServiceInstallationProgress = false;
    protected static boolean mLibraryInstallationProgress = false;

    protected static boolean InstallServiceQuiet(Context context) {
        boolean result = true;
        try {
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(OPEN_CV_SERVICE_URL));
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            context.startActivity(intent);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            result = false;
        }

        return result;
    }

    protected static void InstallService(final Context AppContext, final LoaderCallbackInterface Callback) {
        if (!mServiceInstallationProgress) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Request new service installation");
            InstallCallbackInterface InstallQuery = new InstallCallbackInterface() {
                private LoaderCallbackInterface mUserAppCallback = Callback;

                public String getPackageName() {
                    return "OpenCV Manager";
                }

                public void install() {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Trying to install OpenCV Manager via Google Play");

                    boolean result = InstallServiceQuiet(AppContext);
                    if (result) {
                        mServiceInstallationProgress = true;
                        Log.d(TAG, "Package installation started");
                    } else {
                        Log.d(TAG, "OpenCV package was not installed!");
                        int Status = LoaderCallbackInterface.MARKET_ERROR;
                        Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + Status);
                        Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                        Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                        mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(Status);
                    }
                }

                public void cancel() {
                    Log.d(TAG, "OpenCV library installation was canceled");
                    int Status = LoaderCallbackInterface.INSTALL_CANCELED;
                    Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + Status);
                    Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                    mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(Status);
                }

                public void wait_install() {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Instalation was not started! Nothing to wait!");
                }
            };

            Callback.onPackageInstall(InstallCallbackInterface.NEW_INSTALLATION, InstallQuery);
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "Waiting current installation process");
            InstallCallbackInterface WaitQuery = new InstallCallbackInterface() {
                private LoaderCallbackInterface mUserAppCallback = Callback;

                public String getPackageName() {
                    return "OpenCV Manager";
                }

                public void install() {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Nothing to install we just wait current installation");
                }

                public void cancel() {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Wating for OpenCV canceled by user");
                    mServiceInstallationProgress = false;
                    int Status = LoaderCallbackInterface.INSTALL_CANCELED;
                    Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + Status);
                    Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                    mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(Status);
                }

                public void wait_install() {
                    InstallServiceQuiet(AppContext);
                }
            };

            Callback.onPackageInstall(InstallCallbackInterface.INSTALLATION_PROGRESS, WaitQuery);
        }
    }

    /**
     * URL of OpenCV Manager page on Google Play Market.
     */
    protected static final String OPEN_CV_SERVICE_URL = "market://details?id=org.opencv.engine";

    protected ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Service connection created");
            mEngineService = OpenCVEngineInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
            if (null == mEngineService) {
                Log.d(TAG, "OpenCV Manager Service connection fails. May be service was not installed?");
                InstallService(mAppContext, mUserAppCallback);
            } else {
                mServiceInstallationProgress = false;
                try {
                    if (mEngineService.getEngineVersion() < MINIMUM_ENGINE_VERSION) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + LoaderCallbackInterface.INCOMPATIBLE_MANAGER_VERSION);
                        Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                        mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                        Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                        mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.INCOMPATIBLE_MANAGER_VERSION);
                        return;
                    }

                    Log.d(TAG, "Trying to get library path");
                    String path = mEngineService.getLibPathByVersion(mOpenCVersion);
                    if ((null == path) || (path.length() == 0)) {
                        if (!mLibraryInstallationProgress) {
                            InstallCallbackInterface InstallQuery = new InstallCallbackInterface() {
                                public String getPackageName() {
                                    return "OpenCV library";
                                }

                                public void install() {
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Trying to install OpenCV lib via Google Play");
                                    try {
                                        if (mEngineService.installVersion(mOpenCVersion)) {
                                            mLibraryInstallationProgress = true;
                                            Log.d(TAG, "Package installation statred");
                                            Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                                            mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                                        } else {
                                            Log.d(TAG, "OpenCV package was not installed!");
                                            Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + LoaderCallbackInterface.MARKET_ERROR);
                                            Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                                            mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                                            Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                                            mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.MARKET_ERROR);
                                        }
                                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                                        e.printStackTrace();
                                        ;
                                        Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + LoaderCallbackInterface.INIT_FAILED);
                                        Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                                        mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                                        Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                                        mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.INIT_FAILED);
                                    }
                                }

                                public void cancel() {
                                    Log.d(TAG, "OpenCV library installation was canceled");
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + LoaderCallbackInterface.INSTALL_CANCELED);
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                                    mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                                    mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.INSTALL_CANCELED);
                                }

                                public void wait_install() {
                                    Log.e(TAG, "Instalation was not started! Nothing to wait!");
                                }
                            };

                            mUserAppCallback.onPackageInstall(InstallCallbackInterface.NEW_INSTALLATION, InstallQuery);
                        } else {
                            InstallCallbackInterface WaitQuery = new InstallCallbackInterface() {
                                public String getPackageName() {
                                    return "OpenCV library";
                                }

                                public void install() {
                                    Log.e(TAG, "Nothing to install we just wait current installation");
                                }

                                public void cancel() {
                                    Log.d(TAG, "OpenCV library installation was canceled");
                                    mLibraryInstallationProgress = false;
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + LoaderCallbackInterface.INSTALL_CANCELED);
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                                    mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                                    mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.INSTALL_CANCELED);
                                }

                                public void wait_install() {
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Waiting for current installation");
                                    try {
                                        if (!mEngineService.installVersion(mOpenCVersion)) {
                                            Log.d(TAG, "OpenCV package was not installed!");
                                            Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + LoaderCallbackInterface.MARKET_ERROR);
                                            Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                                            mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.MARKET_ERROR);
                                        } else {
                                            Log.d(TAG, "Wating for package installation");
                                        }

                                        Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                                        mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);

                                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                                        e.printStackTrace();
                                        Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + LoaderCallbackInterface.INIT_FAILED);
                                        Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                                        mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                                        Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                                        mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.INIT_FAILED);
                                    }
                                }
                            };

                            mUserAppCallback.onPackageInstall(InstallCallbackInterface.INSTALLATION_PROGRESS, WaitQuery);
                        }
                        return;
                    } else {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to get library list");
                        mLibraryInstallationProgress = false;
                        String libs = mEngineService.getLibraryList(mOpenCVersion);
                        Log.d(TAG, "Library list: \"" + libs + "\"");
                        Log.d(TAG, "First attempt to load libs");
                        int status;
                        if (initOpenCVLibs(path, libs)) {
                            Log.d(TAG, "First attempt to load libs is OK");
                            String eol = System.getProperty("line.separator");
                            for (String str : Core.getBuildInformation().split(eol))
                                Log.i(TAG, str);

                            status = LoaderCallbackInterface.SUCCESS;
                        } else {
                            Log.d(TAG, "First attempt to load libs fails");
                            status = LoaderCallbackInterface.INIT_FAILED;
                        }

                        Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + status);
                        Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                        mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                        Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                        mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(status);
                    }
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    Log.d(TAG, "Init finished with status " + LoaderCallbackInterface.INIT_FAILED);
                    Log.d(TAG, "Unbind from service");
                    mAppContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                    Log.d(TAG, "Calling using callback");
                    mUserAppCallback.onManagerConnected(LoaderCallbackInterface.INIT_FAILED);
                }
            }
        }

        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
            mEngineService = null;
        }
    };

    private boolean loadLibrary(String AbsPath) {
        boolean result = true;

        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to load library " + AbsPath);
        try {
            System.load(AbsPath);
            Log.d(TAG, "OpenCV libs init was ok!");
        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Cannot load library \"" + AbsPath + "\"");
            e.printStackTrace();
            result &= false;
        }

        return result;
    }

    private boolean initOpenCVLibs(String Path, String Libs) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to init OpenCV libs");
        if ((null != Path) && (Path.length() != 0)) {
            boolean result = true;
            if ((null != Libs) && (Libs.length() != 0)) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Trying to load libs by dependency list");
                StringTokenizer splitter = new StringTokenizer(Libs, ";");
                while (splitter.hasMoreTokens()) {
                    String AbsLibraryPath = Path + File.separator + splitter.nextToken();
                    result &= loadLibrary(AbsLibraryPath);
                }
            } else {
                // If the dependencies list is not defined or empty.
                String AbsLibraryPath = Path + File.separator + "libopencv_java.so";
                result &= loadLibrary(AbsLibraryPath);
            }

            return result;
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "Library path \"" + Path + "\" is empty");
            return false;
        }
    }
}


Account-based everything is a strategic go-to-market approach that orchestrates personalized marketing, sales, and success efforts to land and expand at named accounts. With ABE, you're not so much focused on quantity as you are quality. While leads and opportunities are important to note, it's not enough. You need metrics that are suited to this specialized discipline. Since ABE is a fundamentally different approach, it requires different metrics – metrics that provide an account-centric lens to your measurement.


I've been reading Tim Gowers's fascinating blog following the call to boycott Elsevier, and stumbled upon a fascinating gedankenexperiment. What would the electronic journal of the future look like in the field of Mathematics? Naturally, I found myself wondering, what would this next-generation journal look like in ecology, and how would it function on a daily basis?
I have been thinking about this for the last few months (the earliest draft of this text dates back to early in february), and got great feedback from INNGE folks. New ides piled up, and this is now a rather long text. Just for the sake of clarity, I am not saying that this new hypothetical journal should exist. I'm trying to imagine how I would do it in a perfect world, or in more ecological terms, what would be its «ideal free distribution».
If you want your journal to reflect a new paradigm, it should start with the way it's named. Phytologists have the New Phytologist. A lot of disciplines have Advances in a lot of disciplines. Trends Ecol Evol and Frontiers Ecol Env apart, the ecological journals are rather conservative in their naming. We have Ecology declined in as many languages as possible, followed by, or following some variation of Letters, Journal of [prefix], Research, and so on. No New, no Advances. I'm absolutely not saying that ecological research is opposed to progress, it's clearly a field being moved forward by people with ten new ideas a day. But the names of the journals do not reflect that. The two publications who do (TREE and FEE) have such a specific editorial line that they can't possibly contain all of the new, exciting stuff.
By being clear about the fact that the journal seeks to explore new horizons, not only in terms of the science, but in terms of how it is managed on a daily basis (which forms the core of this modest proposal), a strong identity will be established, and people will come there knowing what to expect. I like Tim Gower's idea of Breakthroughs in …, which adds the notion that research reported here is timely, hot off the press results and ideas, which deserves to be spread rapidly to the community. That being said, most of the impact that next-gen practices can make are not related to the name of the journal, or the type of content published in its (web)pages, but to the way it is conceived — name it Good ol'Ecology if it pleases you, but bring fresh ideas about the way it works.
One of the main reason editors use when declining your paper is "constraints on the number of pages". This just in: some journals are still printed on dead trees. But when is the last time you actually read one of those? I'm not talking about taking a trip to the library to read a paper published in an obscure journal in the early 1950s. With the exception of free issues you collect at meetings, have you ever preferred the paper over the PDF version of an article? If my own habits are of any indication, I'm guessing no.
The choice of appearing as an open access e-article is available to all authors, though the number that can appear with each issue are limited.
Sounds an awful lot as artificial scarcity to me, and the reason for which to do it is immediately clear: if the number of papers is limited, you will reject average-to-good papers and publish only the crème de la crème (french expression for super best - we rightfully consider cream to be one of the best things ever). Ergo, your impact factor, citation half-life, immediacy index, and all the others will all go up (or down - in any case, they'll go where you want them to). This is all fair and well (although I'll get back to why we should pay less and less attention to these metrics in the next section), but be upfront about it!
I should note that for this point, we have the technology. It's possible to have a good experience reading an e-paper. We have large screens to read the papers in the lab, and we can carry a copy of our library at all time with us on various mobile devices. Annotations are easy to add and to share with a tool like Mendeley, and the Nature Publishing Group integrated with ReadCube to annotate PDFs online. The later case delivers a particularly stunning experience. Paper-free journals are possible, some of them allow you to order reprints of a paper, and the next generation of ecological journals should definitely follow this path.
Impact factors are a measure of the absolute success of a journal in its field. Yet we all know examples of papers published in really good journals that met a terrible fate (think arsenic in the DNA, the memory of water), or excellent papers that were consistently rejected by major journals (e.g. Leigh van Valen's Red Queen's hypothesis). Some papers were also just completely ignored by their expected target community. Conversely, papers published in obscure journals can really be hidden jewels, that will either get highly cited, or be really influential for your research. And this is entirely different.
For this reason, a next-generation journal should rely heavily on article-level metrics. PLoS One does that, and to some extent so does Mendeley through ReaderMeter. What would these article-level metrics consist of? The number of downloads, or inclusions in Mendeley or similar services, and the number of citations. And much more importantly, the ratio between these two. With dead-trees publishing, you do not have access to this information, because what interest you is the number of people receiving a physical copy of a whole issue. Which paper they choose to read, and which they choose to ignore, is not something you can know and monitor. But with the transition to electronic publishing came the log file, and the number of times the link to a pdf was clicked is now readily available. On a side note, I'm taking a wild guess here, but if we assume that the major publishing services keep their logs for a long time, we can actually measure this ratio for already published papers. But how to interpretate it? If two people download your paper, and they both cite it 3 times, then it can safely be assumed that it had a different kind of impact than a paper downloaded by 150 people, and cited only twice. Not only would it tell you the total impact of this paper, article level metrics would inform you about the kind of impact it achieved.
A lot of people talked about the tragedy of the reviewer commons, including Mike Hochberg and colleagues, Jeremy Fox & Owen Petchey and Michael Donaldson, and I really cannot stress enough how reading these papers is important. Avoiding this "tragedy", which seems to affect women even more, can be quite easily done, if a new journal is ready to tap into an existing community of people willing to conduct peer-reviews.
For this reason, a next-generation journal should engage with Peerage of Science. As we discussed on the INNGE blog, they provide an easy way to obtain triple-blind peer-review in a way that is independent from the journal. I'm not a quite fan of triple-blind (or any other n-blind, for that matters) review process, because I strongly believe that non-anonymous reviews can turn out to be beneficial, if properly done. In any case, turning to a system like Peerage of Science allows the authors to seek reviews with no prejudice associated with rejection. In addition, members from the editorial board can look for papers with good reviews, and offer the authors to publish them if they think the subject fits.
This can go even further by having a very flexible definition of what constitutes the editorial board. The process of looking for papers having recently recevied good reviews can very easily be crowd-sourced: any one should be able to propose/endorse a paper to the editors. This is the ultimate community-building of a journal, as the people who read it propose papers they would like to read! Think Pinterest instead of editorial manager. A journal engaging in such practice would not seem parasitic to me: if people are volunteering time to review and improve great papers, it's too bad to start the process from scratch every time you change journal. Some people argued for the recycling of reviews, and I think they are entirely right — not nearly enough journals are accepting review transfer in my opinion, further cluttering the system, and giving you the impression to start the fight over at each submission to a new journal. Gathering already reviewed papers would essentially push this logic to the maximum. It's time we review a paper for the science inside, not for the journal it will end up in; perhaps I'm being naive, but it appears to me that this is an editorial decision, on which the reviewers should have a limited impact.
I've already called for more communication and diffusion of your code. I think that engaging with the community of authors, readers, and referees is important. Methods in Ecology and Evolution is doing a great job in this regard. More and more people are know able to navigate social networks quite well, and there is no reason for journals not to do it. And if possible, to do it genuinely, i.e. by actually engaging with the authors and the readership, like the folks running the Oikos blog are doing when they ask authors to discuss recently accepted papers. Tweeting the title of your recently accepted articles is definitely a first step, but it's by no mean sufficient to be considered an engagement with the people reading your journal.
This might also be the opportunity to see peer-review as a form of scientific discussion, by engaing in open peer-review. By having non-anonymous reviews published alongside the paper, the discussion will be started, and contradictory or complementary points of view will be available at once. Journals in chemistry and physics or molecular biology are already doing this. To some extent, the commenting features of PLoS One were trying to achieve the same goal, but for looking at it over the last 4 years, I'm yet to see a real, motivating discussion start. One could do a quantitative analysis of how big a failure this system is, but the web app release by Nature guys appears to be buggy. One good example, though, is the forum feature of Trends Ecol. Evol., were other people are invited to discuss a recent paper in a few paragraphs. This makes for a really interesting read, and is a good way to kickstart a discussion.
I've ranted long enough already, so it's time to bring this essay to its term. The final point is of course, be open. Of course, this journal should be open-access.	Using a platform like Scholastica would help in this regard: it's easy to create an on-line only, open access journal, for a minimal cost (both for the authors and the publishers). But open-access goes well beyond the text. Use FigShare, TreeBase and DataDryad, and make sure the research you publish is open to all, and easily reproducible. It might be frightening to part with your data, but I'm sure it will help the paper get cited in the long run; people will be able to reproduce what you do, the quality of meta-analyses will increase. And in addition, it will put an end to an hideous behavior: I'll give you my data from 15 years ago, if you put me as a co-author, me and all my chums. The challenge of ecology is probably not to deal with extremely large datasets — though my opinion on this point changed slightly since I've had to deal with pyrosequencing data —, but to integrate a lot of small datasets to answer the big questions. We probably would have enough data to do a good decade of science, if these data were easy to access, well described with pertinent metadata, and not sitting on the hard drive of hundreds of researchers around the world (hence the importance of close work with something like DataDryad). Data sharing will also be encouraged if people have the opportunity to submit their manuscript in a way allowing reproducible research, i.e. using tools suchs as knitr or Sweave.
Finally, while an Open Access licence seems straigthforward, it begs the question of how to get the money to cover the publication fees — I'm personally opposed to excessive OA charges, so preferably the journal shoudl function with a very small funding. My impression is that, by using the services mentionned above, there will be very little costs associated with the journal maintenance. Being supported by a society will definitely be a plus, as it might probably help to have one person in charge of the administrative tasks. The most important cost will probably be web hosting, and I'm confident that it can be kickstarted by applying to fund-gathering projects in PetriDish or SciFund. Crowd-sourcing and crowd-funding, together at last!
In summary, what I propose amounts to the crowd-sourcing of most of the tasks related to the publishing process. I was pleased that, during the time where I was writing this piece, there was a call for ideas about the creation of a new journal on EvolDir (I was also pleased that this journal, if it happens, will cover coevolution). The people behind this idea were actively asking other researchers for their input, because the «crowd» will be refereeing, submitting, and reading the papers.
I think there is much to be gained by adopting an idealistic point of view about what a journal can be, now that a lot of great people have thought about new ways to do science in the electronic, open-access, next-gen era. Not only will it be fun to see what happen, it may even end up being a viable alternative to journals who inherited their publishing process from a hundred years ago.


text:
Year : 2013 | Volume : 4 | Issue : 1 | Page : 61-64
Antitussive, expectorant activity of Marsilea minuta L., an Indian vegetable
Raja Chakraborty1, Biplab De2, N Devanna3, Saikat Sen4
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Creative Educational Society's College of Pharmacy, Chinnatekur, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
3 Oil Technological Research Institute, JNTU Anantapur, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
4 Department of Pharmacology, Creative Educational Society's College of Pharmacy, Chinnatekur, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
Date of Web Publication 20-Feb-2013
Raja Chakraborty
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Creative Educational Society's College of Pharmacy, Chinnatekur, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh
Marsilea minuta L., an aquatic or sub-aquatic fern used as a vegetable, has wide applications in traditional/folk medicine in India and Bangladesh. In our study, we evaluated the antitussive, expectorant activity of M. minuta crude extracts. The antitussive activity of M. minuta methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts was evaluated using ammonia and sulfur dioxide induced mice coughing. The expectorant activity was evaluated by the volume of phenol red in mice's tracheas. Extracts significantly increased mice's cough latent period and inhibited the frequency of cough induced by ammonia and sulfur dioxide, and improved tracheal phenol red output in expectorant evaluation. Methanol extract produced the highest activity in all tested models. Methanol extract at 500 mg/kg showed 59.5% and 55.8% inhibition in the number of coughing induced by ammonium liquor and SO 2 , respectively, while it showed 89.3% increase in phenol red secretion at the same dose, which showed superior activity compared to other extracts. The present study provided evidence for M. minuta to be used as an antitussive and expectorant in Indian folk medicine.
Keywords: Antitussive, expectorant, folk medicine, Marsilea minuta
Chakraborty R, De B, Devanna N, Sen S. Antitussive, expectorant activity of Marsilea minuta L., an Indian vegetable. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2013;4:61-4
Chakraborty R, De B, Devanna N, Sen S. Antitussive, expectorant activity of Marsilea minuta L., an Indian vegetable. J Adv Pharm Technol Res [serial online] 2013 [cited 2021 Jan 16];4:61-4. Available from: https://www.japtr.org/text.asp?2013/4/1/61/107502
Marsilea minuta L., a common aquatic or sub-aquatic fern well-known as "susnisak" in Tripura, India, is a member of Marsileaceae family. [1],[2] The leaves and shoots of the plant are commonly used as vegetable, and it finds extensive application in the treatment of cough and respiratory troubles. Juice of the fresh shoots and decoction of leaves are used to treat cough and other respiratory troubles by the people of India and Bangladesh. [2-4] The plant is widely used in different traditional and folk medicinal systems for its medicinal value, and recommended for the treatment of psychopathy, diarrhea, respiratory diseases, and skin diseases. [2],[5],[6] The young fronds of the plants are used to treat insomnia and mental problems, while regular eating of the plant is believed to exert favorable effects on hypertension, sleeping disorders, and headache. The plant is also recommended to treat spastic condition of leg and muscle, epilepsy, and migraine. [1],[2],[5],[6],[7] Leaves of M. minuta are prescribed by folk medical practitioners to treat diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders. [8],[9] Investigation on its chemical constituents revealed that the plant contains marceline (an ester of 1-triacontanol and hexacosanoic acid), which is known to have sedative and anticonvulsant activity. In addition, different flavonoids and marsileagenin-A (a sapogenol) were isolated from the plant. [10],[11] It has been reported that M. minuta possesses hypocholesterolemic, [12] anxiolytic, [13] antidepressant, [10] anti-aggressive, [14] antifertility, [15] antiamnestic, and antistress [16] activities.
The plant has been used as an alternative/complementary medicine for a thousand years. [17] Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals; therefore, regular and high intake of vegetables and fruits has been associated with a decrease in incidence of several chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc. [18],[19]
Coughing is one of the common symptoms related to several respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc., Though a number of synthetic drugs are available in the treatment of cough, the problem is that an effective therapy against coughing will inevitably bring side effects. [20] Northeastern India is blessed with a lot of floral diversity, abound with natural medicinal potentials. Owing to their medicinal and curing properties as well as the health-boosting constituents, vegetables with medicinal property are the choice of interest in both the traditional as well as modern versions of the health care system.
Methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen sulfate, sulfuric acid, ammonium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate were obtained from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India) and SD Fine Ltd. (Mumbai, India). All other chemicals used in the study were obtained commercially and were of analytical grade.
Plant Materials
During the month of March/April 2011, the whole plant of M. minuta L. was collected from Tripura. The plant was identified and authenticated by Dr. B. K. Datta, Department of Botany, Tripura University, Tripura. A voucher specimen (TU/BOT/HEB/SS23072011b) was deposited at the herbarium of Plant Taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory, Tripura University.
Preparation of Extracts
Plants were collected and washed in running water to remove unwanted materials and dried under shade. The air-dried samples were powdered mechanically by using a grinder. Dried plant material was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether separately. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure. Dried methanol extract (MMM), ethyl acetate extract (EMM), and petroleum ether extract (PMM) were used to perform the study. The yield of MMM, EMM, and PMM was found to be 3.6, 3.9, and 3.2% w/w, respectively.
Experimental Animals
Healthy Albino mice (20-30 g) were used for the experiment. Animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions at a temperature of 24 ± 1°C, with 12-h light-dark cycle. The animals had free access for water and food. Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (Reg. No. 1305/ac/09/CPCSEA) had given approval for the study.
Antitussive Activity
Ammonium liquor induced cough
Healthy mice were divided into eight groups: Control, MMM (250 and 500 mg/kg), EMM (250 and 500 mg/kg), PMM (250 and 500 mg/kg), and standard. Briefly, 1 h after oral administration of the test drug, each mouse was placed in a glass chamber and exposed to 0.3 ml 25% NH 4 OH produced by a nebulizer for 45 s. Animal was monitored during ammonia exposure. The cough frequency and latent period of cough were recorded for 6 min. [21]
Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) induced cough
Healthy mice were divided into several groups and drug treatment was continued for 5 days. NaHSO 3 solution in water (500 mg/kg, 2.0 ml) was placed at the base of a specially deigned desiccator and 0.2 ml of sulfuric acid was added using a pipette which resulted in the formation of sulfur dioxide. After 15 s, each mouse was placed on the stage in the desiccator and exposed to SO 2 for 45 s. The mice were then removed and placed in a clear glass chamber for counting of bouts of cough for 5 min. [22]
Expectorant Activity
After 1 week of acclimatization, mice were divided into different groups as described earlier. Ammonium chloride (0.5%, 1.0 g/kg) was used as positive control. The treatment lasted for 5 days. After 30 min of last administration, the mice were injected with 5% phenolsulfonphthalein; 40 min later, animals were dissected to take out trachea and bronchial parts. Five percent NaHCO 3 was used to flush the inside of these parts three times, 0.5 ml for each time, which were collected and centrifuged to measure the absorbance of supernatant at the wavelength of 546 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. [23]
Experimental results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). P values < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. A one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's tests was used for the data analysis, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 10.0 software.
M. minuta demonstrated having antitussive effect in in vivo experiment by prolonging the latency and reducing cough [Table 1]. MMM and EMM at 500 mg/kg reduced the number of coughs induced by ammonium liquor by 59.5% and 54.8%, and significantly increased the latency period in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with codeine, MMM, EMM, and PMM at a dose of 500 mg/kg for 5 days caused 69.1%, 55.8%, 56.8%, and 34.0% inhibition of SO 2 -induced cough; lower dose of PMM failed to produce significant antitussive effect.
Table 1: Antitussive effect of M. minuta extract
M. minuta extracts in multiple doses showed good dose-dependent expectorant activity [Table 2]. Methanol extract (500 mg/kg) exhibited high phlegm eliminating activity among the other tested extracts, but lower dose of PMM failed to produce significant activity. MMM (500 mg/kg) caused 89.3% increase in the concentration of phenol red, while EMM showed 71.43% increase at the same concentration, though the reference drug ammonium chloride produced far better activity than extracts, with 139.3% increase in the concentration of phenol red.
Table 2: Expectorant activity of M. minuta extracts
Antitussive animal models could be designed by mechanical stimulus, electrical stimulus, and chemical stimulus. In this experiment, chemicals like ammonium liquor and sulfur dioxide were used to induce cough. These models are widely used animal models for evaluating antitussive activity of a traditional candidate medicine. [21],[22],[23] The cough latency period, which is the time interval between exposure to ammonia hydroxide or SO 2 and appearance of cough, showed the potential of the MMM and EMM on delaying cough. The longer cough latency period showed potent effect of the extract on relieving cough and the less cough times exhibited its stronger antitussive effect.
Secretion of sputum is of benefit by dephlogistication of trachea and relieving cough. Expectorant drugs generally dilute or increase the sputamentum in the respiratory tract so that it could be expectorated easily with the ciliary movement. In the study, phenol red was discharged with sputum after a few minutes of its i.p. injection into mice because the agent was removed partly from trachea. [23] The extract showed significant expectorant activity.
Several researchers have reported the beneficial effect of saponin, flavonoid, and triterpenoid in the treatment of experimentally induced cough. In traditional medicinal system, a lot of plants have been used to treat cough. Systemic study of these plants showed the presence of saponin, alkaloid, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. [24],[25],[26] In our previous studies, we have reported the presence of sapogenol, flavonoid, and triterpenoid in the plant. [10],[11] In our previous study, we observed high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the methanol extract. [27] It prompted us to lay a hypothesis that these constituents might have the antitussive and expectorant activities. However, due to the nature of multiple chemical constituents involved in the natural plants, as well as the multifactorial condition of respiratory diseases, it is very important to further separate chemical constituents from the methanol extract which are effective on the observed biological activities. Further studies are necessary to clarify the precise mechanism by which M. mimuta possesses the antitussive and expectorant activities.
To conclude, our study indicated that the methanol extract of M. mimuta demonstrated significant antitussive and expectorant effects. These effects are the important evidence for the traditional use of M. mimuta in the treatment of cough, respiratory disorders. The isolation of bioactive constituents and the mechanism of action explained for the observed activities have not been established, and thus further investigations need to be conducted.
1. Sarker SK, Hossain EA. Pteridophytes of greater Mymensingh district of Bangladesh used as vegetables and medicines. Banglad J Plant Taxon 2009;16:47-56.
2. Sen S, Chakraborty R, De B, Devanna N. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by ethnic people in West and South district of Tripura, India. J Forestry Res 2011;22:417-26.
3. Parihar P, Parihar L. Some pteridophytes of medicinal importance from Rajasthan. Nat Prod Rad. 2006;5:297-301.
4. Upreti K, Jalal JS, Tewari LM, Joshi GC, Pangtey YP, Tewari G. Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. J Am Sci 2009;5:167-70.
5. Rahmatullah M, Kabir AA, Rahman MM, Hossan MS, Khatun Z, Khatun M. et al. Ethnomedicinal practices among a minority group of Christians residing in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh. Adv Nat Appl Sci 2010;4:45-51.
6. Rout SD, Panda T, Mishra N. Ethnomedicinal studies on some pteridophytes of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India. Int J Med Med Sci 2009;1:192-7.
7. Sharma NK. Ethnomedicinal studies on ferns and fern allies of Hadoti plateau, southeastern Rajasthan. Zoo's Print Journal 2002;17:732-43.
8. Anbarashan M, Parthasarthy N, Padmavathy A. Ethno-floristic survey in sacred groves, Pudukottai district. Tamil Nadu- India. J Med Plant Res 2011;5:439-43.
9. Thirumalai T, Kelumalai E, Senthilkumar B, David E. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the local people in Vellore district, Tamilnadu, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2009;13:1302-131.
10. Bhattamisra SK, Khanna BK, Agrawal AK, Singh PN, Singh SK. Antidepressant activity of standardised extract of Marsilea minuta Linn. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;117:51-7.
11. Chakravarti D, Debnath NB, Mahato S, Chakravarti R. Structure of marsileagen: A new hexahydroxytriterpene from Marsilea minuta Linn. Tetrahedron 1975;31:1781-2.
12. Gupta RS, Kumar P, Sharma A, Bhardwaja TN, Dixit VP. Hypocholesterolemic activity of Marsilea minuta Linn. in gerbils. Fitoterapia. 2000;71:113-7.
13. Bhattamisra SK, Singh PN, Singh SK, Kumar V. Anxiolytic activity of Marsilea minuta Linn. J Herb Med Toxicol 2007;1:15-20.
14. Tiwari OP, Bhattamisra SK, Tripathi PK, Singh PN. Anti-aggressive activity of a standardized extract of Marsilea minuta Linn. in rodent models of aggression. Biosci Trends 2010;4:190-4.
15. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Datta I, Battacharya S, Mukherjee S, Manikandan L. Studies of antifertility activity of Marsilea minuta Linn. Indian J Pharm Sci 2002;64:176-8.
16. Tiwari OP, Bhattamisra SK, Singh PN, Kumar V. Adaptogenic anti-stress activity of standardised extract of Marselia minuta L. Pharmacology online 2009;1:290-9.
17. Okoko T. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Garcinia kola seeds. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:2620-3.
18. Hu FB. Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: An overview. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:544-51.
19. Kaisoon O, Siriamornpun S, Weerapreeyakul N, Meeso N. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of edible flowers from Thailand. J Funct Foods 2011;3:88-99.
20. Wang D, Wang S, Chen X, Xu X, Zhu J, Nie L, et al. Antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory activities of four alkaloids isolated from Bulbus of Fritillaria wabuensis. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;139:189-93.
21. Wang D, Zhu J, Wang S, Wang X, Ou Y, Wei D, et al. Antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory alkaloids from Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. Fitoterapia 2011;82:1290-4.
22. Gupta YK, Katyal J, Kumar G, Mehla J, Katiyar CK, Sharma N, et al. Evaluation of antitussive activity of formulations with herbal extracts in sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) induced cough model in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2009;53:61-6.
23. Han N, Chang C, Wang Y, Huang T, Liu Z, Yin J. The in vivo expectorant and antitussive activity of extract and fractions from Reineckia carnea. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;131:220-3.
24. Guo C, Tang X, Dong X, Yang Y. Studies on the expectorant, antitussive and antiasthmatic properties of asterosaponin extracted from Luidia quinaria. Afr J biotechnol 2009;8:6694-6.
25. Parihar M, Chouhan A, Harsoliya MS, Pathan JK, Banerjee S, Khan N, et al. A review-cough and treatments. Int J Nat Prod Res 2011;1:8-18.
26. Wei Y, Xu F, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang G. Antitussive and expectorant effects of the flavonoid of Cortex Mori. J Shenyang Pharm Univ 2009;26:644-7.
27. Chakraborty R, De B, Devanna N, Sen S. Antitussive, expectorant activity of Marsilea minuta L., an Indian vegetable. J Adv Pharm Tech Res 2013;4:1-4.
1 Mitigating arsenic contamination in rice plants with an aquatic fern, Marsilea minuta
Ummehani Hassi,Md. Tawhid Hossain,S. M. Imamul Huq
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2017; 189(11)
2 Are Famine Food Plants Also Ethnomedicinal Plants? An Ethnomedicinal Appraisal of Famine Food Plants of Two Districts of Bangladesh
Fardous Mohammad Safiul Azam,Anup Biswas,Abdul Mannan,Nusrat Anik Afsana,Rownak Jahan,Mohammed Rahmatullah
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014; 2014: 1
Chakraborty R
De B
Devanna N
Sen S
Marsilea minuta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jingshen Zhao. Online Model United Nations (O-MUN.org) is bringing United Nations simulations for secondary school students to Elluminate. We will be preparing from 12:30-13:00 UTC and debating from 13:00 to 14:30 UTC. Members of the public are welcome to represent countries or observe as guests.
Anne Mirstchin. This presentation will focus on the following : connecting kids within the school using a wordpress multi-blog site and buddypress; connecting kids across schools through interschool discussions, using videoconferencing; and connecting kids beyond schools to our Virtual Experts, a team of online scientists, historians, graphic designers, filmmakers and engineers who help our kids in their learning. Come join us and share in this exciting use of technology in the classroom. Rob Spaglia and Simone Uren will be guest presenters.
Scott Merrick. John Lester will speak about the use of web-based virtual worlds as platforms for learning and collaboration. He will be hosting his presentation in Jibe, a web-based multiuser virtual world platform based on Unity3d and developed by ReactionGrid. John will speak about the unique affordances of web-based multiuser virtual worlds, how Jibe can be integrated with web-based learning management systems and web-based collaboration applications, and how the game-based development tools of Unity3d can be used to create immersive learning experiences.
Steve Hargadon. Steve interviews Mark Fenske about his book, The Winner's Brain.
Kim Cofino. The 21st Century learner had been bombarded with new technology, access to wide ranging global communication, and a plethora of information. Accompanying this new world of learning are ethical, moral, and emotional considerations that are changing the way in which are students are interacting with the world. This course will explore current issues inherent in our technological world.
Anne Mirstchin. Listen to Tony Richards, Roland Gesthuizen, Chris Betcher, Andrew Williamson and others as they share their experiences at the recent Google Academy in Sydney. Come and join in the conversations and consider how google and its apps can be used in education.
Steve Hargadon. Join Steve Hargadon as he interviews Chris Guillebeau about his book, The Art of Non-Conformity.
Kim Caise, Lorna Costantini and Peggy George. Jen Wagner will share the power of having your students participate in collaborative projects connecting with other classrooms around the world.


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Most people with diabetes in Europe face some barriers in accessing healthcare and to adequately manage their condition. The European continent is vast and diverse, and so are the daily difficulties met by patients. For example, the availability and the affordability of medicines and medical devices are unfortunately still disparate. If new technologies are quickly modifying the daily management of diabetes, the difference in their access within a country and across the continent increases discrimination among patients. Also, as most healthcare systems are still not built around the patients and do not meet the needs of different groups in the population, living with diabetes is still a challenge for many patients in Europe.
On European Patients' rights day, we spoke to Professor Iryna Vlasenko, IDF Board member from Ukraine and a strong defender of patients' rights and access to care. Iryna was diagnosed with diabetes 23 years ago; she is an active member of the Ukrainian Diabetic Federation since 2003 and is a member of the Public Council of the Ukrainian Ministry of Health.
Iryna, you have been actively involved in the fight against diabetes in Ukraine for nearly 15 years now and worked for ten year as a pharmacist in the pharmaceutical department of Kiev's municipality. Based on your experience, what would you do to ensure availability and access of appropriate medicines everywhere in Europe?
The role of pharmacists and pharmacies is very important at several stages of the management of diabetes - not only when medicines are delivered. Unfortunately this resource is underused. Every patient should have the right to access good quality pharmaceutical care; since my involvement in the Ukrainian Diabetes Federation, I have fought to change the situation. During my ten years as a pharmacist in the pharmaceutical department of Kiev's municipality, we have established a delivery system of insulin through the various pharmacies in Kiev, which helps the communication between doctors who are treating patients and prescribing insulin, and pharmacies, which also provide proper storage facilities.
In 2003, I initiated the organisation of World Diabetes Day (WDD) celebration activities in many pharmacies in Kiev. Since then, on WDD pharmacies highlight information about the risk linked to diabetes and help us promote awareness of the condition. People can check, free of charge, their blood sugar and consult an endocrinologist at the pharmacy. We have also trained pharmacists on diabetes care, a service now available across Ukraine. Since 2010 I have been working for the National Medical Academy on Post-Graduate Education and as teacher of practical pharmacy. In that role, I have managed to strengthen the knowledge of pharmacists on pharmaceutical care for people with diabetes.
I am convinced that pharmacies represent a great potential resource to improve public health and we have to work with them to improve the life of people with diabetes. We should use pharmacies more to raise awareness on diabetes prevention, to promote healthy life style and also to detect diabetes.
Access to medicine is very diverse in Europe and in many countries lack of access to affordable insulin remains a key impediment to successful treatment, resulting in needless complications and premature deaths. This is not acceptable. The message to governments must be clear: if people with diabetes can access proper treatments, self-management and control, their life is closer to the ordinary life of a person without diabetes. They can work, which is beneficial to society. Therefore, the cost of quality medical care for patients is an investment that will improve the life of people with diabetes and positively impact society.
Even when medicines are available, they are not always affordable, causing financial hardship to patients. As a diabetes community, how can we ensure that in Europe no one lacks affordable healthcare to manage their diabetes?
In Europe there are about 60 million people with diabetes and the prevalence is rising everywhere and among all age groups. This is mostly due to an ageing and sedentary population with unhealthy eating habits and diets which lead to overweight and obesity. It is often people with low incomes which are impacted the most by diabetes and its financial burden. We must do something to protect them - this is the goal of universal health coverage: to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them. I am glad that this principle has been included in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. We must work together to implement this principle everywhere in Europe and ensure that care for diabetes is included in the basket of care, otherwise people with diabetes will be financially discriminated because of their condition.
The majority of European countries have adopted diabetes national policies, policies addressing unhealthy diet and physical inactivity as well as national guidelines or standards for diabetes management - this is great. However, implementation and funding of these policies and guidelines are uneven throughout the continent. Furthermore, basic technologies for early detection, diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes in primary care settings are generally still not available in low-income and lower middle-income countries. Things must changes in this respect, too.
Today is European Patients' rights day. While patients should be at the center of healthcare systems, most of the time these systems are built around healthcare professionals, leaving patients outside the decision-making process. As a diabetes community, what can we do to change this paradigm?
The situation is slowly changing and patients have an increased access to information, including evidence-based medicine. Patients are no longer inclined to merely accept prescribed treatment: they want to receive more explanations and useful information to improve their life. I will give you an example: young people with diabetes communicate via social networks and have access to a large volume of information, including real life examples. In addition, they often know technology much better than the doctors. Therefore, healthcare professionals should constantly improve their professional knowledge and adapt it to today's real life. As patient organizations, we can help improve the communication between multidisciplinary groups (doctors, nurses, pharmacists and educators) but we must make sure that they listen to their patients and that patients are at the center of the healthcare systems. Education for self-management is also very important and health stakeholders need to find ways to motivate people to take care of their health. Youth summer camps, camp for adults, sports competitions such as DiaEuro are great examples and inspiration.
I am a fighter, and the battle for the rights of patients including access to care for everyone, continues. We must be together in this struggle because together we are stronger!


Blogging is one of the most accessible, easiest ways of publishing extra information about your company. There's no need to overload your website with the smaller details. Maximise its potential and extend onto another platform. Like your social media profiles, a blog will require management and a little TLC but like all other methods, it's another way of attracting customers to your business.
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Blogging sounds simple enough, but the world is swamped with people who think exactly the same. Businesses that blog receive 55% more views than those without a blogging presence, so it's not an option you should neglect. It is another matter of using keywords, popularity and quality.
For example, you can give more information on how a product or service works without cramming down your website. By hyperlinking the blog to the desired page on your website can have a short version for those who are not interested in the finer details and long versions for those who want more before they commit. See how MediaHeads take advantage of blogging here.
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well, actually more like yesterday i doodled.
my friend Danny has some fabrics she looking to trade. it's called a Fugly Swap. you swap some of your uglies for some her uglies. though some of the prints aren't that bad, so check it out if you are interested.


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Jeff Goldblum recreates his Jurassic Park sexy pose
October 9th, 2020 under Jeff Goldblum. [ Comments: none ]
Jeff Goldblum/Instagram
Back in the early '90s, Jeff Goldblum did a sexy pose in the 1993 movie Jurassic Park. The picture became such a fan favorite that people are still talking about it today. Therefore, he knew he could use it as a way to bribe people to get them to do what he wants.
"WOW! Thank you to everyone who used my @HeadCount page to make sure that you're #GoodToVote! Nearly 3,000 of you are ready for this November's election," Goldblum said. "Here's your reward…how time flies. @jurassicworld 🌋🦖"
It might have been 27 years since the movie came out, but I think the 67-year-old actor is sexier now than he was then. He is no dinosaur!
He starred in Earth Girls Are Easy. I have to agree with that title because of the things I want to do to him after this seeing this photo makes this Earth girl very easy!
Jeff Goldblum has some new eggcellent glasses!
May 26th, 2020 under Jeff Goldblum. [ Comments: none ]
Jeff Goldblum makes wearing glasses cool. Now, he is showing off his newest pair. Although, I am not sure if he would wear his "safer at home" glasses outside. People might think he flew the coop.
Look it is The Fly, Birdman and Big Dick Richie
February 10th, 2020 under Jeff Goldblum, Joe Manganiello, Michael Keaton, Strange Encounters. [ Comments: none ]
One of the cool things about the Vanity Fair Oscar party is that it brings celebrities together who normally would not hang out. Yesterday's shindig was able to let three Pittsburgh boys shoot the breeze about the Pirates and the Steelers. That is what they talked about, right?
Now that we have seen Jeff Goldblum, Michael Keaton, and Joe Manganiello as a trio, who wouldn't love to see them do a film? They could do a remake of La Cage aux Folles or a modern-day take of The Three Musketeers.
Conan O'Brien sucks on Jeff Goldblum's used sucking candy
January 22nd, 2020 under Conan O'Brien, Jeff Goldblum. [ Comments: none ]
Jeff Goldblum was a guest on Conan O'Brien's talk show, yesterday and he wanted to make sure his mouth stayed moist. Therefore, he sucked on a sucking candy. Conan being Conan called him out on it.
However, the conversation changed, and they wound up talking about their wedding bands. When Goldblum was looking at the TBS host's ring, Conan put on Jeff's glasses. The look would not be complete without the sucker, so he gave it to the interviewer.
What did Conan do? He put it in his mouth, grossing out his audience. However, I look it as, now that they have swapped spit, they are forever bonded. Who wouldn't want to be bonded with the open shirt sexy guy from Jurassic Park? I do! I guess that is why they say Earth Girls Are Easy!
Harry Styles replaces James Corden on The Late Late Show
December 2nd, 2019 under Harry Styles, James Corden, Jeff Goldblum, Ken Jeong, Melissa McCarthy, One Direction. [ Comments: none ]
James Corden is taking some time off to do his day job, but The Late Late Show must go on. Therefore, they asked several celebrities to host the talk show while he is off doing those other things. Like doing press for Cats, the worst movie of the year, and starring in another musical The Prom.
Stepping in for him between December 9-18th are Alicia Keys, Chance the Rapper, Jeff Goldblum, Ken Jeong, Melissa McCarthy, and Harry Styles. Their hosting dates will be announced later.
Good thing he signed a 2-year contract with CBS or maybe one of them could be replacing him like Jeff Goldblum or Harry Styles. Who knows maybe Chance the Rapper will surprise us and be the best one of them all?
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Wilmer Valderrama is having a girl!
Superstore takes on systemic racism tonight
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Professional Interpreters' Alliance - NEWS
Collected news reports about the outsourcing of public service interpreting in the UK's Justice and Health sectors.
About PIA
Delay in robbery case
http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/local_news/10901552.Delay_in_robbery_case/?ref=nt
A man will appear in court charged with a robbery that left a woman seriously hurt in her own home.
Marcine Stecki, 21, of no fixed address, is charged with one count of robbery and possessing an offensive weapon after a robbery at a home in Woodside, Leigh, on July 24.
He appeared at Basildon Crown Court on Monday for a plea and case management hearing, but a Polish interpreter was not available.
The case was adjourned until January 13.
Posted by PIA at 23:00 No comments:
Labels: MoJ outsourcing
Grantham court: Case has to be adjourned for translator
http://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/news/local/grantham-court-case-has-to-be-adjourned-for-translator-1-5751934
The case against a Lithuanian national had to be adjourned because there was no translator available in court.
Algirdas Gerbenis, of Railway Terrace, Grantham, is accused of drink driving on St Catherine's Road in the town and failing to stop after an accident on October 10.
The case was adjourned to December 16.
Mr Gerbenis was granted unconditional bail.
PQ - 10 December 2013
http://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/?id=2013-12-10c.178807.h
Courts: Interpreters
Sadiq Khan (Shadow Lord Chancellor and Shadow Secretary of State for Justice; Tooting, Labour)
To ask the Secretary of State for Justice what the actual and targeted performance of the court interpreter contract has been in each month since that contract started.
Shailesh Vara (The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice; North West Cambridgeshire, Conservative)
I have listed below the links to the online published statistics on the use of Language Services in Courts and Tribunals and also the link to Contracts Finder to view the contract document for the Capita-TI contract which includes Key Performance Indicators:
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-on-the-use-of-language-services-in-courts-and-tribunals
Contract Finder:
https://online.contractsfinder.businesslink.gov.uk/Common/View%20Notice.aspx?site=1000&lang=en&noticeid=264052&fs=true
Labels: PQs
Hearing pushed back for interpreter
http://www.guardian-series.co.uk/news/wfnews/10865354.Attack_accused_trial_delayed/
The trial of a 38-year-old man accused of attacking two people in his own home has been delayed.
Ainars Bukss, of Tower Mews in Walthamstow, is alleged to have assaulted Miss Blizniukeine and Paul Blizniukas on November 7.
He was due to appear at Thames Magistrates on Thursday but an interpreter was not available.
He was bailed until December 19 when he is due back at the same court.
Justice is supposed to be blind, but not when signing outsourcing contracts
http://www.blog.rippedoffbritons.com/2013/12/justice-is-supposed-to-be-blind-but-not.html
Justice is supposed to be blind, but not when signing outsourcing contracts.
House of Commons committees expose Ministry of Justice outsourcing contract calamities.
[…] A stark example of this unthinking wage-cutting was exposed by the House of Commons' Justice Committee inquiring into the Ministry of Justice's (MoJ) calamitous outsourcing: the provision of foreign language interpreters. Interpreters are required in courts and tribunals to help ensure non-English speaking defendants receive justice. Ironically interpreters are mainly freelance contractors - they are already 'private sector'. The MoJ seemed to simply want someone else to take on the task of cutting the interpreters' pay. […]
Read more here: http://www.blog.rippedoffbritons.com/2013/12/justice-is-supposed-to-be-blind-but-not.html
Oldham Evening Chronicle publishes an apology to NRPSI interpreters
Oldham Evening Chronicle publishes an apology to NRPSI interpreters (featured on page 2 on 02/12/2013).
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Marc Starr RPSI interviewed by the Artist Taxi Driver