"The modules i took were both challenging and intellectually stimulating"
Combine your love of literature and philosophy, whilst exploring the insights that they bring to each other on this fascinating and challenging MA programme.
Philosophy and literature have always been complementary subjects – and in many traditions they are still thought of as inseparable. By studying the two together you will be able to explore notions of truth, authority, meaning, morality and other themes in relation to literature and its value.
Some philosophical traditions, such as existentialism, have developed hand in hand with literature. Over the last 30 years important work has brought literary topics into the heart of other philosophical traditions. It is now widely acknowledged that both subjects suffer impoverishment when kept unnaturally apart.
Whether you've studied one or both of these disciplines before, you can build on what you know and develop an expertise that spans and combines these two fascinating subjects.
During your MA, you will take four taught modules over four semesters, before choosing a topic for your dissertation. You'll work with academics from the School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies and from the School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing, and have the chance to engage with other students in both Schools. You will also attend a series of workshops with other graduate students in philosophy, including PhD students, and share your ideas there with others.
This is a one-year course that can also be taken part-time over two years.
Over four semesters, you will pursue four taught modules, two of which are purpose-designed for this course and cross over between the two disciplines. During your second year (typically from May to September), you will work on your dissertation. Part of the credit for the dissertation module is earned in participation and active engagement with a research training workshop which is shared with the PhD students. This happens in your second year, over the two semesters. It finishes in early May, after which you concentrate solely on your dissertation.
In your first semester, in the autumn, a dedicated interdisciplinary research-led module called Criticism/Critique, which is jointly taught by experts from our School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies and the School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing. This makes the MA a genuinely joint degree, and not one in which the two subjects are only taught in parallel.
In the spring of your first year you will take another dedicated interdisciplinary module on Philosophy of Literature, in which you will explore the core philosophical (aesthetic, ethical, and so on) questions we face in creating and engaging with the literary arts. You will also engage with a variety of influential readings concerning notions of truth, authority, meaning, morality and other themes in relation to literature and its value.
In the second year you will join the MRes students, taking the module in Methodology and Epistemology of Philosophy.
Besides these, you will choose one further module in either your first or second year, from an extensive list of MA modules in literature. It is also possible to request supervision on a philosophical topic of your own design, on one of the supervised study modules taken by the MRes students.
In your second year you will attend the Philosophy postgraduate workshop. Here, you and other students will exchange ideas and present your work for discussion. Some sessions are devoted to skills in the use of bibliographical resources, career development and research applications. Throughout your studies, you will be encouraged to take part in the full range of research activities in both departments.
Your dissertation will be on a subject chosen by you in consultation with your tutors and you will work on this under the guidance of a supervisor.
Our teaching is informed by cutting-edge research and practice and we believe that active researchers make the best lecturers. Our lecturers' specialised research is the central focus of all of our postgraduate modules, meaning you will benefit from a direct insight into some of the liveliest philosophical issues and debates.
For each taught module there is a weekly seminar (two or three hours) or small group session. You will also receive written feedback on your coursework, and some modules include one-to-one tutorials. For the dissertation you will receive one-to-one tuition.
In postgraduate workshop meetings you will be encouraged to share your work – sharing both essays and embryonic ideas that need development. This encourages friendly peer support and discussion, with helpful comments and suggestions from the rest of the graduate community. You'll also have a senior academic assigned to oversee these workshops and give feedback on your performance in the practical tasks of academic presentation.
You will also learn through a great deal of private study, complemented by the teaching and workshops. This will include extensive reading, preparing for seminars and written work. You will be able to make good use of UEA's state-of-the-art library facilities and will be guided on how to locate relevant literature for your studies, using the online databases and our many subscriptions to journals in the field.
As part of this course you will benefit from a rich programme of research events. These include the Wittgenstein workshop and specialist reading groups on topics ranging from ancient philosophy to philosophy of mathematics. There's also a regular Thursday seminar where visiting academics deliver papers in all branches of philosophy, followed by the chance to meet the speaker in a social capacity post-seminar.
Each of your modules will be assessed by essays or other forms of coursework.
For the dissertation you will submit an essay of 12,000-15,000 words. Your credits for this module will include your performance in the postgraduate workshops.
Your degree result is based on your marks for all these modules and your dissertation.
This MA is a great route into PhD research, which is the first step towards a career in higher education. You can make your PhD application during your MA or after you've finished.
However, this MA is also perfect if you don't yet have fixed career plans, or are simply not content to end your studies with a BA. The course prepares you for many different walks of life: it fosters independence, initiative, personal time management and the ability to work with a mentor. It hones your intellectual and communication skills, and your ability to empathise with the views of others.
This module tracks the notion of 'Critique' in philosophical and political thought, as well as literary criticism and artworks' own self-reflection, from the late 18th century to the present. 'Critique', from the Greek term krinein ('to discern'), brings together questions of philosophical method, from the relation between concept and intuition to the project of understanding a historical moment through its cultural artefacts and practices; however, it also engages the 'criticality' of artworks: how they reflect on their own processes and socio-economic conditions. But if these various intellectual projects converge around a shared sense that they are doing 'critique', then it is not clear that political critique and aesthetic critique aspire towards the same thing; the concept of critique thus also permits us to grasp discrepancies and points of dissensus between different forms of intellectual, and 'critical', praxis. The module starts by providing a historical grounding in debates around 'Critical Philosophy', linking Immanuel Kant's 'critical' distinction of concept and intuition to German Romanticism's model of a 'literary absolute' in which literature actualises itself as 'critique', such that through its ironic relation to its own linguistic medium, it assumes the place of philosophy itself. We consider Hegel's responses both to Kant's critical philosophy and to the literary theorising of the Schlegels and Novalis, with readings from the Phenomenology of Spirit, the Logic and the Aesthetics, before turning to the development of Hegelian thought in Marx. Having established this basic historical narrative, we then trace the different intellectual projects and problematics that the notion of 'critique' opens up, from the 'critical theory' of the Frankfurt school through thinkers including Althusser, Fanon, Foucault, Braidotti, and Ranciere. Against this we encounter an alternative series of responses to 'critical' philosophy, notably via Heidegger, Deleuze, and Simone Weil. At the crux of these different approaches to 'critique' is the relation between different philosophical, political and literary intellectual movements, and central to this module is the question of how 'critique' extends beyond scholarly activity, whether it is the ways in which avant-garde art and poetics incorporate self-critique into their understanding of support, medium, process, etc., or whether it is in practices of political resistance. To this end, the module is overtly forward-looking, not only charting a contested history from Kant to the present, but also asking what forms future attempts at critique can, and should, take.
Students must select one module in addition to their compulsory modules. This can be chosen in either year.
You'll look at autobiography in the broadest sense, taking in memoir, nature writing, travel writing, reportage and essay. We'll be talking about the history and variety of first-person narratives, the ways writers reveal themselves in their words, how autobiography keeps to and departs from the facts, the importance of form and structure, and about non-fiction's relationship to novels and poems. Seminars will feature practical writing exercises as well as readings and discussions.
This is the dissertation component of the MA degree in Philosophy and Literature, together with a preliminary weekly workshop which will guide you towards the research skills required for doing well at independent work in philosophy. You'll participate in the workshop during the two teaching semesters, presenting and discussing your work as well as that of your peers, and engaging in the collaborative tasks associated with becoming a critical and collegial member of the research community. You'll then complete a dissertation proposal at the end of the Spring semester, with a view to being accepted to work with your chosen supervisor on a dissertation topic of your choice. You'll complete the dissertation of 12,000 to 15,000 words over the summer.
If you did not select an additional module in your first year, you must select one module from Options Range A in your second year. Students may request to take other modules (e.g. a language module or a Philosophy supervised study module) with the permission of the Course Director.
Fiction 'After' Modernism: Re-reading the 20th century responds to the current reassessment of critical narratives about 20th century fiction by restoring significance to a critically awkward phase of 20th century writing. Focusing roughly on the thirty years either side of 'mid-century', we examine what it means to read these writers work in the wake of modernism. We will challenge the formalist distinction between experimental and realist fiction that has dominated the most influential work on the mid-century novel, and which has also stamped many post-war writers as irretrievably minor. In a similar spirit, we will explore how writers worked in the 'between' of modernism and postmodernism. Rather than produce a cohesive narrative about the period, we will examine how our writers engage with, and disturb, their own literary, historical and critical inheritances. This module is an opportunity to participate in an emerging critical conversation that is carving out new directions in literary study. Working through the period with special attention to previously marginalized (and in some cases forgotten) writers, alongside a selection of critical and theoretical texts, we will examine the ways our writers accede to, challenge, and disrupt our critical understanding of fiction after modernism. This module offers you an opportunity to participate in - and indeed contribute to - a still emerging critical conversation that is redefining 20th- century literary studies. Some critics have expressed an "invariable sense of disappointment" with the aesthetic failures of fiction written 'after' modernism: but it is precisely the fiction these critics have neglected to read critically that is leading other scholars to radically re-think the stories critics have told about the period. The critical re-evaluation of neglected writers is pushing 20th century scholarship in new directions, and creating new debates and dialogue about how we read the 20th century, we join the conversation.
This module aims to introduce you to the rich and important complexity of medieval humanism and to the distinctive turns that mark the beginnings of a new Renaissance humanism. Such an aim, of course, at once implies a series of attendant questions: what is humanism (and what was medieval humanism)? In what ways was Renaissance humanism different from medieval humanism and what is the relationship between the continuities and the new departures? And why orient an approach to medieval and Renaissance culture about 'humanism' at all? These questions, then, also lie at the heart of the module. We start from the central proposition that new approaches to the 'studia humanitatis' (the study of the humanities - art, literature, history, philosophy) pioneered by the self-styled humanists ('umanisti') between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries constitute one of the most important achievements of the Renaissance. They defined the terms by which Renaissance humanists themselves most often distinguished their own work from the intellectual traditions of the medieval past and from the work of their (allegedly) more old-fashioned contemporaries. What, though, did medieval humanism really look like and what precisely did Renaissance humanism bring that was new? Our focus will be on five vernacular English and Scottish writers: Chaucer, Lydgate, Henryson, Douglas, and Bellenden (Surrey's translation of Books 2 and 4 of the 'Aeneid' offers a neat terminus and foil to Chaucer's earlier Virgilian versions, but we shall find that the translations of Douglas and Bellenden more richly reward our attention). From the freer reworkings of Chaucer and Henryson to the translations and scholarly excavations of Douglas and Bellenden, perhaps. Or from the classical past as an emblem of tragic self-destructiveness in Chaucer's Troy and Thebes to new and revitalising political possibilities found within Livy's Republican Rome by Bellenden? We focus on the period from the 1380sto the 1530s, but it will take us often to France and, more often still, to Italy. It will require us to open windows onto the medieval reception of the classical legacy from the 5th century to the 16th (as well as onto the classical works themselves), we bring together disparate materials, placing poems and plays alongside university syllabi and the book-lists of late-medieval libraries.
This module will follow the arc of a biography or work of creative non-fiction from inception to reception. How do you choose a subject, determine a book's structure, find a voice and build character? What about the often daunting question of research? Once the book is written, how do you set about writing a proposal, finding a publisher and what happens during the editorial process? The emphasis will be practical, with a significant workshop element.
You'll explore key issues in the history of the theory and practice of translation in the West. You'll explore the changes in the cultural status of translation from ancient times to the present, analysing the ways in which translations have contributed to the reception of texts, and focusing on some of the political, theological and philosophical debates which translations have provoked. In the second half of the module you'll focus on a range of contemporary debates in translation studies. You're encouraged to explore your own theoretical interests and present your findings in class. There is no foreign language requirement, and all materials are read in English.
This module explores the many ways in which writers have grappled with getting 'life' and 'lives' down on paper. We will look at samples of writing from many different genres, for example, travel, nature, music and sports writing. You'll be encouraged to find your own special subjects, to study comparative non-fiction and to look at the many new experimental approaches that make biography and creative non-fiction such flourishing phenomena today. During the workshop you will be expected to submit your own creative work and critique the work of other members.


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DOI: 10.1039/C9NR05338G (Paper) Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 19422-19428
Carbon fragments as highly active metal-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: a mechanistic study†
Keke Mao‡ ab, Wei Zhang‡ bc, Jun Dai b and Xiao Cheng Zeng *b
aSchool of Energy and Environment Science, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243032, China
bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. E-mail: xzeng1@unl.edu
cBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
Received 24th June 2019 , Accepted 29th July 2019
First published on 29th July 2019
In metal-free carbon-fullerene-based or defective graphene-based electrocatalysts, pentagon rings are known to play a key role in boosting catalytic activities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the fundamental chemical mechanism underlying the remarkable catalytic effect of the pentagon rings towards the ORR is still not fully understood. Herein, we perform a comprehensive computational study of the catalytic activities of various carbon fullerenes and fullerene fragment species, all containing pentagon rings, by using the density functional theory (DFT) and computational hydrogen electrode (CHE) methods. We find that more active sites on carbon are associated with more neighbouring pentagon rings and stronger adsorption of the key intermediates of O*, OH* and OOH* for the ORR. Importantly, two C60-based fragments, namely, C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l, show a very high activity towards the ORR, as both yield overpotentials as low as 0.389 and 0.407 V, and entail suitable adsorption free energy of OH* and OOH* species. These desirable chemical properties of fullerene fragments can be attributed to the high-energy HOMO orbitals, induced by the low-symmetry fullerene-fragment structures. Both the number of neighbouring pentagon rings and the degree of overall symmetry of the fragment appear to be the two important factors that can be adjusted for the design of optimal metal-free carbon electrocatalysts towards high ORR activities.
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key and rate-limiting process in many applications associated with renewable energy conversion, for example, rechargeable metal–air batteries and proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. The state-of-the-art ORR catalysts include precious-group metal (PGM) platinum (Pt) and Pt-based catalysts, while their large-scale commercial applications are still hindered by the high cost and scarcity and by Pt's sensitivity to deactivation in the presence of CO. Intense studies have been devoted to improve the efficiency of utilization of platinum1,2 or to search for alternative more cost-effective Non-precious-group-metal (N-PGM) based electrocatalysts. For example, carbon or metal oxide material supported nanoparticles or single atom electrocatalysts can significantly reduce the dosage of precious Pt while maintaining a good ORR activity.1,2 One particular class of Pt replacement electrocatalysts, many belong to the N-PGM catalysts,3 are atomically dispersed M–N–C catalysts4–6 which show a comparable ORR performance as Pt.
Another class of promising and alternative electrocatalysts for the ORR is the metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon materials (carbon nanotubes,7 graphene,8–10 graphite11,12 and mesoporous carbon13–15). This class of catalysts has been extensively investigated since Dai et al.7 first discovered that nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-C) can exhibit a high electrocatalytic activity, long-term operation stability, and high tolerance to crossover effect in alkaline fuel cells. Heteroatom-doping can effectively tune the carbon materials' local electronic properties and induce charge/spin redistribution on the sp2-conjugated carbon matrix, thereby promoting the ORR on the doped C electrode.7,16,17 Moreover, co-doping of N and another heteroatom such as B, S, and P can further modulate the catalysts' electronic properties and polarization,18–20 thereby enhancing the overall catalytic activity.
Recently, it was demonstrated that bare carbon materials containing appropriate defects21 or a large number of edge sites18,22 can also exhibit outstanding ORR activity. Indeed, a perfect graphene sheet is known as a poor ORR catalyst, whereas a defective graphene catalyst exhibits a much higher ORR performance.23,24 For example, Yao et al.23 indicated that a defective graphene catalyst for a Zn–air battery presents very stable charge and discharge voltages, high current and power density, all comparable to those of Pt. Dai et al.22 predicated that dopant-free and edge-rich graphene is a highly efficient ORR catalyst. Intrinsic pentagon carbon rings can also play a critical role in enhancing the carbon materials' ORR activity.25,26 This is because pentagons and other defects or edges can markedly strengthen the adsorption of O species, compared with the graphene basal plane, leading to desirable intermediate chemisorption. Note that 0-dimensional carbon fullerenes also contain intrinsic pentagon rings.27
Although previous work indicated that pentagon rings can effectively enhance the carbon materials' ORR activity,25 and carbon nanocatalysts with adjacent pentagon and hexagon rings yield the lowest overpotential for the ORR,24,26,28 a detailed chemical mechanism on how pentagon rings affect the ORR's activity is still not fully understood. Is the most active site solely dependent on the number of neighbouring pentagon rings? Would the carbon site with adjacent pentagon and hexagon rings show good ORR activities? In this study, we address these questions by performing a systematic investigation on the ORR activities of various carbon fullerene species, including C60,29 C36,30 C24,31 and C20,32 as well as fullerene-based carbon fragments with H saturated edges. Interestingly, we find that fullerene fragments contain both intrinsic pentagon rings and numerous edge sites entail an outstanding ORR performance comparable to that of Pt.
Results of the catalytic activities of small- and mid-sized fullerenes
Fullerenes are 0-dimensional carbon materials. Here, four kinds of small- and mid-sized fullerenes (C20, C24, C36 and C60), all containing pentagon carbon rings, are considered as possible metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR. The structures of C60,29 C36,30 C24,31 and C20 32 are taken from the literature. Fig. 1 shows the geometrical structures of C20, C24, C36 and C60. It can be seen that C20 possesses pentagon rings only, while C24, C36 and C60 possess both pentagon and hexagon rings. For C20, each C atom has three adjacent pentagon rings. We denote the active site in C20 as the "C20-3p" site. Meanwhile, for C60, each C atom has two adjacent hexagon and one adjacent pentagon rings. We denote the active site as the "C60-1p2h" site. For either C60 or C20, all the C atoms have the same neighbouring polygons and thus all are the same active sites. For C24, two types of active sites can be seen: one (denoted as C24-2p1h site) has two adjacent pentagon and one adjacent hexagon rings, and another (denoted as C24-3p) has three adjacent pentagon rings. For C36, there are three types of active sites: one (denoted as C36-1p2h site) has one adjacent pentagon and two adjacent hexagon rings. The other two sites have two adjacent pentagon and one adjacent hexagon rings, denoted as "C36-2p1h-1" and "C36-2p1h-2" sites.
Fig. 1 Graphs of C20, C24, C36, and C60 fullerene structures. The grey balls represent carbon atoms. 3p, 2p1h and 1p2h denote different active sites on four types of fullerenes.
Next, we examine the adsorption properties of the key intermediates (O*, OH*, and OOH*) at various sites of C20, C24, C36, and C60 fullerenes. Table 1 presents the computed Gibbs adsorption free energies (ΔG(O*), ΔG(OH*), and ΔG(OOH*)) of O*, OH* and OOH* species at all distinctly different sites. In ESI Fig. S1,† the lowest-energy adsorption structures are displayed, where it can be seen that the O atom favors being adsorbed on the bridge site between two adjacent C atoms by forming two O–C bonds, but OH* and OOH* species are more likely to be adsorbed on the top site of a C atom by forming one O–C bond. As shown in ESI Fig. S1d† and Table 1, O* adsorbed on the bridge sites of C24-3p and C24-2p1h on C24 exhibits the same Gibbs adsorption free energy. Similarly, the C36-2p1h-2 site entails the same ΔG(O*) as C36-1p2h as both sites are bridge sites. For OH*, its adsorption free energies follow the trend ΔG(OH*)C60-1p2h > ΔG(OH*)C36-1p2h > ΔG(OH*)C36-2p1h-1 > ΔG(OH*)C36-2p1h-2 > ΔG(OH*)C24-2p1h > ΔG(OH*)C24-3p > ΔG(OH*)C20-3p. So the C60-1p2h site is the weakest adsorption site whereas the C20-3p site is the strongest site for OH*. It seems that the site with more adjacent pentagon rings exhibits a stronger adsorption of OH* species.
Table 1 ΔG(O*), ΔG(OH*), and ΔG(OOH*) are Gibbs adsorption free energy values (unit: eV) of the key O species (O*, OH* and OOH*) adsorbed on different active sites of C20, C24, C36, and C60. ΔG1, ΔG2, ΔG3, and ΔG4 are reaction free energy values in each ORR step at U = 0 V (unit: eV). Uover is the calculated ORR theoretical overpotential (unit: V)
ΔG(O*)
ΔG(OH*)
ΔG(OOH*)
ΔG1
U over
C20-3p 0.111 −0.687 2.566 −2.354 −2.455 −0.798 0.687 1.917
C24-2p1h 0.068 −0.251 3.022 −1.898 −2.954 −0.319 0.251 1.481
C36-2p1h-1 1.481 0.342 3.608 −1.312 −2.128 −1.139 −0.342 0.888
C36-2p1h-2 1.594 −0.240 3.039 −1.881 −1.445 −1.834 0.240 1.470
C36-1p2h 1.594 1.090 4.354 −0.566 −2.760 −0.504 −1.090 0.726
For the site with the same number of adjacent pentagon and hexagon rings, the adsorption strength depends on the size of fullerenes: the larger the size of the fullerene, the weaker the adsorption of the OH* species. Note that O* and OOH* species also follow this generic trend for their adsorption.
Based on the adsorption of key O species on fullerenes, the ORR activities are evaluated (see Table 1). All of the four fullerenes are not good ORR catalysts since the overpotentials of various active sites on four fullerenes are all higher than 0.7 V, as shown in Table 1. On the sites with more than two adjacent pentagon rings of C20, C24, and C36, the step involving the last electron transfer and OH* reduction to water is the rate-limiting step, and the corresponding ORR activities are very poor due to very strong OH* adsorption (i.e., ΔG(OH*) is much smaller than 1.23 eV). In addition, on the sites with only one adjacent pentagon ring of C36 or C60, the third electron transfer step to form OH* or the first electron transfer step to form OOH* is the rate limiting step, respectively, and the ORR activities are still not high due to very strong O* adsorption (i.e., ΔG(O*) is much smaller than 2.46 eV) and very weak OH* and OOH* adsorption.
Results of the catalytic activities of C60 fragments
Since perfect small- and mid-sized fullerenes exhibit poor ORR activities, edge modulation is introduced as a promising strategy to tune the catalytic activities of fullerene-based materials. Here, we divide C60 fullerene into smaller fragments and passivate the edge with H atoms. Fig. 2a–d presents the structures of four distinct C60-based fragments, namely, C60-frag1, C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag2l, respectively. C60-frag1 is composed of one central hexagon ring, and three peripheral pentagon and three peripheral hexagon rings. C60-frag2 is composed of one central pentagon ring and five peripheral hexagon rings. Compared with C60-frag1 and C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag21 exhibit one more layer of hexagon rings surrounding the central C60-frag1 and C60-frag2, respectively. The thermal stabilities of the four fragments are examined by computing the formation energy of the four fragments with respect to gaseous hydrogen molecules and C60 fullerene. As shown in ESI Table S1,† the formation energies are all negative, indicating that the formation reactions of C60-frag1 and C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag21 from C60 would all be exothermic.
Fig. 2 Four C60-based fragment structures with H passivation at the edges. a, b, c, and d display C60-frag1, C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag2l structures, respectively. The grey spheres represent C atoms and the pink spheres represent H atoms.
Next, adsorption of the key ORR intermediates of O species, O*, OH* and OOH*, on the four C60 fragments is evaluated. For all the four fragments, the most favorable active sites are those C atoms associated with the central hexagonal or pentagon ring. ESI Table S2† presents the computed Gibbs adsorption free energies of the intermediate species on the most favorable adsorption sites, while ESI Fig. S2† displays the corresponding adsorption structures. Again, the O atoms favor to be adsorbed on the bridge site between the active C atom and one adjacent C atom, forming two C–O bonds. The ΔG(O*) associated with C60-frag1, C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag2l fragments are 2.625, 2.505, 2.276 and 2.309 eV, respectively, all notably greater than 1.836 eV on a perfect C60. This result indicates that the adsorption of O* on C60 fragments is much weaker than that on C60, which can facilitate the ORR on fragments since the adsorption of O* on C60 fragments is not too strong. The adsorption free energies of OH* and OOH* species differ appreciably on different fragments. As shown in ESI Table S2,† ΔG(OH*) on C60-frag1, C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag2l fragments are 0.850, 1.826, 1.439, and 0.848 eV respectively. So the adsorption of OH* on C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l is much stronger than that on C60-frag1l and C60-frag2; even these four fragments exhibit similar active sites but different edges. The adsorption free energy of OOH on four fragments exhibits a similar trend, i.e., ΔG(OOH*)C60-frag1 < ΔG(OOH*)C60-frag2l < ΔG(OOH*)C60-frag1l < ΔG(OOH*)C60-frag2. Thus, both OH* and OOH* species are adsorbed more strongly on C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l than on C60-frag2 and C60-frag1l, as well as than on C60. It is understood that OH* and OOH* show the same adsorption trend on different fragments, since there is a widely accepted scaling relationship between OH* and OOH* on their adsorption free energies.33 On adsorption structures, both OH* and OOH* are adsorbed on the active sites of fragments, forming one O–C bond as on fullerenes. Bader charge analysis (see ESI Table S3†) suggests that all the adsorbed O*/OH*/OOH* species gain electrons during the adsorption, while the active C atoms lose electrons.
Note that the four-electron reaction pathways are commonly associated with metal-free carbon catalysts. Here, we focus on the four-electron reaction pathways. Fig. 3 shows the obtained four-electron ORR free-energy diagram at U0 = 0 V for the four model fragments, based on the CHE model. ESI Table S2† gives the corresponding ORR free-energy changes in the four-electron transfer steps. Both ESI Fig. 3 and Table S2† show that the rate-limiting steps for the ORR are the first step of electron transfer and O2 reduction to OOH*: O2* + H2O(l) + e− → OOH* + OH−. Except for the first step for C60-frag2, all other 15 steps for the four fragments are exothermic with ΔG < 0. Notably, C60-frag1 yields the lowest overpotential of 0.389 V, suggesting that the C60-frag1 is the most active ORR catalyst among the four fragments. Meanwhile, the overpotential of C60-frag2l (0.407 V) is only slightly higher than that of C60-frag1, consistent with the previous results.26,28 Both C60-frag1's and C60-frag2l's ORR activities are comparable to those of Pt catalysts, as the onset potential of Pt catalysts is about 0.8 V. So, the overpotential of Pt catalysts would be about 0.43 V.34–37 In contrast, the computed overpotentials of C60-frag1l and C60-frag2 are 0.986 and 1.377 V, respectively, much higher than those of C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l, indicating that both C60-frag1l and C60-frag2 are poor ORR catalysts. Overall, the weakened O* adsorption and enhanced OH*, OOH* species adsorption both boost the ORR catalytic performance of C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l, thereby rendering both as highly active ORR catalysts.
Fig. 3 Four-electron ORR free-energy diagram on C60-frag1, C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag2l fragments. Uover is the corresponding ORR overpotential.
From the aforementioned calculation results, we can see that similar active sites of C atoms with one adjacent pentagon and two adjacent hexagon rings can exhibit markedly different ORR activities. To gain insights into this puzzling behaviour, we focus on the effect of the edges of fullerene fragments on their overall ORR activities. The active sites of C60-frag1 and C60-frag1l are all associated with the central hexagon ring, and possess the same first-nearest-neighbours. Moreover, C60-frag2 and C60-frag2l have similar active sites, but show very different activities. The apparent differences in ORR activities on similar active sites are likely due to the different adsorption behaviours of the key O species, especially OH* and OOH* species. So our attention is placed on understanding the edge dependent adsorption behaviour of OH* and OOH* species.
The OH* and OOH* species are adsorbed on the C60 fragments by forming one O–C bond. As mentioned above, the adsorption free energies follow the trend ΔGOH*/OOH* (C60-frag1) < ΔGOH*/OOH* (C60-frag2l) < ΔGOH*/OOH* (C60-frag1l) < ΔGOH*/OOH* (C60-frag2), indicating that C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l exhibit much stronger adsorption towards the OH*/OOH* species. To understand this trend, we performed Bader charge analysis. ESI Table S3† shows the charge variation during the adsorption and Fig. 4 shows the calculated HOMO and LUMO energy levels. Clearly, C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l exhibit a much higher HOMO level than C60-frag2 and C60-frag1l, suggesting that C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l are more likely to lose electrons compared to C60-frag2 and C60-frag1l. This frontier orbital behaviour explains why C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l fragments can adsorb OH*/OOH* species much more strongly. In general, OH*/OOH* species tend to gain electrons during the adsorption while the fragments lose electrons. The higher HOMO level of the fragments can lead to the stronger adsorption of OH*/OOH* species.
Fig. 4 Frontier orbital energy level diagram of C60-frag1, C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag2l fragments.
Moreover, we note that the geometry structures of C60-frag1, C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag2l exhibit Cs, C5v, C3v and C1 symmetry, respectively. As shown in Fig. 4, C60-frag2 and C60-frag1l exhibit relatively lower HOMO levels. So it seems that the trend in HOMO levels and the trend in the degree of the overall point-group may be correlated, since the lowered symmetry results in higher HOMO levels, thereby facilitating the adsorption. Indeed, we notice that among the four fragments, C60-frag2 possesses the highest symmetry C5v and the lowest HOMO level, and the latter leads to the weakest adsorption of OH* and OOH* species. Compared with C60-frag2 and C60-frag1l, C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l exhibit a lower symmetry and higher HOMO levels, thereby leading to a stronger adsorption of OH*/OOH* species. So even though C60-frag1 and C60-frag1l possess similar active sites, they have different edges and point-group symmetry. The same reasoning is applicable to C60-frag2 and C60-frag2l. In sum, the rings at the edges dictate the point-group symmetry of C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l fragments and the HOMO level, thereby affecting the strength of adsorption of OH*/OOH* species and the ORR activities.
To further confirm the correlation between the overall structural symmetry and the ORR activities, we modulate the structure of C60-frag2 by substituting half of the passivation hydrogen atoms by fluorine atoms (denoted as C60frag2-HF); or by changing one peripheral hexagon ring to one heptagon ring (denoted as C60frag2-hep). Both modifications lower the overall symmetry of C60-frag2 to C1, one is due to change of the passivation atom and another is due to change of the carbon framework. ESI Fig. S3† presents the structures, and ESI Table S4† gives the corresponding adsorption free energies of the key O species and the reaction free energy for each electron transfer step in the ORR. For the most active site on C60frag2-HF, the OH*/OOH* adsorption free energy (ΔG(OH*) = 1.786 eV, ΔG(OOH*) = 5.040 eV) decreases slightly and the ORR activity (Uover = 1.350 V) improves a little, compared with C60-frag2 ((ΔG(OH*) = 1.826 eV, ΔG(OOH*) = 5.067 eV, Uover = 1.377 V). For C60frag2-hep, the OH*/OOH* adsorption free energies increase more substantially while the ORR activity exhibits marked improvement at the most favorable active sites, i.e., the two central C atoms in the heptagon ring. ΔGOH* and ΔGOOH* are reduced to 0.955 and 4.212 eV, respectively, while the overpotential is only 0.522 V, much lower than that on C60-frag2 (1.377 V). These additional results confirm that by lowering the point-group symmetry, especially through changing the carbon framework, the ORR activities can be significantly improved.
In addition to the central active sites, we investigated the ORR activities on other sites of the four fragments and various sites on three other fragments (C60frag2l, C24frag1, and C36frag1). ESI Fig. S4† displays all the active sites on the seven fragments and ESI Table S5† presents all the adsorption free energies, reaction free energies and overpotentials of various active sites. Generally, fullerene-based fragments exhibit better ORR activities than the corresponding full fullerenes. ESI Fig. S5† shows a plot of overpotentials versus ΔG(OH*). It is noted that ΔG(OH*) between 0.8 and 0.9 eV exhibits the lowest overpotential of about 0.4 V. As discussed, the central active sites of C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l (C60frag1C3 and C60frag2lC3) yield overpotentials as low as 0.389 and 0.407 V, respectively. Moreover, C60-frag1C2, C60-frag1C4, and C60-frag1l2C1 also exhibit quite low overpotentials of 0.415, 0.453 and 0.394 V. All the five active sites considered exhibit relatively high ORR activities.
Computational details
The spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) method implemented in the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP 5.4)33–35 was employed to perform the calculations. The ionic cores were described by using the projector augmented wave (PAW) method.36 The generalized gradient approximation (GGA)37 in the formalism of the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional was used to describe the electronic exchange–correlation energy in the energy calculations and the PBEsol38 exchange–correlation functional was used in the optimization calculations. 1 × 1 × 1 Gamma centered grid k-points were used for non-periodic calculations. The convergence criterion of the electronic calculations was set to 10−5 eV and the force was set to be 10−2 eV Å−1. The energy cutoff of the plane-wave basis set was 500 eV. The thickness of the vacuum layer between two neighbouring fullerenes or fullerene fragments was set to be more than 20 Å so that the interaction between two neighbouring species can be neglected.
The ORR intermediates' adsorption free energies were calculated based on the computational hydrogen electrode (CHE) model proposed by Nørskov et al.38 relative to H2O (g) and H2 (g) according to the following equation: ΔG = Δ(E) + Δ(ZPE) − TΔS, where Δ(E) is the calculated adsorption energy, Δ(ZPE) is the change of zero-point energy and ΔS is the change of entropy between the adsorbed state and the gas phase. The adsorption energies were calculated based on the following formulas: ΔE(O*) = E(O*) − E(*) − [E(H2O) − E(H2)], ΔE(OH*) = E(OH*) − E(*) − [E(H2O) − 1/2E(H2)], and ΔE(OOH*) = E(OOH*) − E(*) − [2E(H2O) − 3/2E(H2)]. The temperature is 298.15 K. The gaseous entropies of H2O (g) and H2 (g) were taken from the NIST database.39 The ZPE was derived from the calculated vibrational frequencies. Moreover, solvent corrections40 were added to the adsorption free energies, in which the adsorption energies of OH* and OOH* were amended by ∼0.3 eV. Note that the adsorption free energy is relative to H2O (g) and H2 (g), which can be a positive value. A larger positive value represents weaker adsorption.
The ORR reaction was assumed to proceed through the 4-electron pathway in alkaline conditions, as shown in the following equations: (1) O2* + H2O(l) + e− → OOH* + OH−, (2) OOH* + e− → O* + OH−, (3) O* + H2O(l) + e− → OH* + OH−, and (4) OH* + e− → OH− + *, where * denotes the possible active sites on the catalysts; O*, OH* and OOH* are the adsorbed intermediates. The difference in free-energy change between the initial and final states in each step is defined as the reaction free energy ΔG. The reaction free energies in the four steps are directly related to the adsorption free energies of the intermediates: (1) ΔG1 = ΔG(OOH*) − 4.92 eV + ΔG(pH) + eU, (2) ΔG2 = ΔG(O*) − ΔG(OOH*) + ΔG(pH) + eU, (3) ΔG3 = ΔG(OH*) − ΔG(O*) + ΔG(pH) + eU, and (4) ΔG4 = −ΔG(OH*) + ΔG(pH) + eU. U is the applied electrode potential. The theoretical onset potential is Uonset = max{ΔG1, ΔG2, ΔG3, ΔG4}/e, and the theoretical overpotential is defined as Uover = max{ΔG1, ΔG2, ΔG3, ΔG4}/e + 1.23 [V].
The ORR activities of four kinds of C20, C24, C36 and C60 fullerenes and fullerene-based fragments are theoretically investigated by using DFT and computational hydrogen electrode (CHE) methods. Compared with perfect fullerenes, fullerene-based fragments exhibit much higher ORR activities. In general, the active sites associated with more pentagon rings show a stronger adsorption toward OH* and OOH* species. For the four C60-based fragments, C60-frag1, C60-frag2, C60-frag1l and C60-frag2l, they possess similar active sites with one adjacent pentagon and two adjacent hexagon rings, but their adsorption behaviours and ORR activities are markedly different. C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l exhibit excellent ORR activities, with the theoretical overpotentials as low as 0.389 and 0.407 V, respectively. In contrast, the overpotentials of C60-frag1l and C60-frag2 are much higher (0.986, 1.377 V), suggesting poor ORR activities. In addition to the location of active sites, the overall degree of point-group symmetry of the fragment seems to correlate closely with the ORR activities. The two C60-frag1 and C60-frag2l fragments with a lower point-group symmetry exhibit a higher HOMO level, and are more likely to lose electrons, thereby resulting in a stronger adsorption of OH*/OOH* species and higher ORR activities. In contrast, C60-frag2 exhibits the highest symmetry of C5v, but the weakest adsorption of OH*/OOH* species and the lowest ORR activities among the four fragment models considered. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of ORR activities can provide theoretical guidance towards the rational design of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for the ORR.
There are no conflicts to declare.
We thank Dr. Haoxiang Xu for valuable discussions. KKM was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21803002) and a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). XCZ was supported by the University of Nebraska Holland Computing Center.
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† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05338g
‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019


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Q: T4 template to create *multiple* html (for example) output files per table from database schema I'd like to use some T4 templates to generate html files derived from a sql server (in this case) database schema.  For each table in the database, I would like to create 2 files:

*

*tableName_List.aspx - would contain the appropriate html to display  in an asp.net GridView, with a grid column defined for each db table column

*tableName_Edit.aspx - would contain the appropriate html to display  in an asp.net FormView, with a textbox (for simplicity's sake, for now) for each db table column
So, if I have 5 tables in the database, I would get 10 files output.  I've been googling this and found related articles, but most of them don't seem to address this scenario.  I've also seen references to using subsonic for this, but I'd rather not introduce yet another technology into the mix.

A: This article describes how to create multiple files from 1 template:
http://damieng.com/blog/2009/11/06/multiple-outputs-from-t4-made-easy-revisited
You can view a sample of this approach by downloading T4CSS and checking out the source.
As an alternative, you may find this approach more straightforward for simple cases:
http://www.olegsych.com/2008/03/how-to-generate-multiple-outputs-from-single-t4-template/

A: The code for the T4 template below will give you a relatively good start.
You will need to add references to the appropriate versions of the Microsoft.SqlSserver Smo DLLs to the project.
The following items need to be replaced in this code with the appropriate values for your environment:
SERVERNAMEGOESHERE
DATABASENAMEGOESHERE
PROJECTNAMESPACEGOESHERE
<#@ template language="C#v3.5" hostspecific="true" #>
<#@ assembly name="System.Data" #>
<#@ assembly name="Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo" #>
<#@ assembly name="Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" #>
<#@ import namespace="Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common" #>
<#@ import namespace="Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo" #>
<#
    string connectionString = @"Server=SERVERNAMEGOESHERE;Trusted_Connection=True;";
    string databaseName = "DATABASENAMEGOESHERE";
    string projectNamespace = "PROJECTNAMESPACEGOESHERE";
    string relativeOutputFilePath = null;

    SqlConnection oneSqlConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
    ServerConnection oneServerConnection = new ServerConnection(oneSqlConnection);
    Server oneServer = new Server(oneServerConnection);
    Database oneDatabase = oneServer.Databases[databaseName];
    foreach (Table oneTable in oneDatabase.Tables)
    {
        if (!oneTable.Name.Equals("sysdiagrams"))
        {
#>
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="<#= oneTable.Name #>_List.aspx.cs" Inherits="<#= projectNamespace #>.<#= oneTable.Name #>_List" %>
<asp:DataGrid ID="<#= oneTable.Name #>DataGrid" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false">
    <Columns>
<#
            foreach (Column oneColumn in oneTable.Columns)
            {
#>
        <asp:BoundColumn DataField="<#= oneColumn.Name #>" HeaderText="<#= oneColumn.Name #>"></asp:BoundColumn>
<#
            }
#>
    </Columns>
</asp:DataGrid>
<#
            relativeOutputFilePath = @"\Output\" + oneTable.Name + "_List.aspx";
            TemplateHelper.WriteTemplateOutputToFile(relativeOutputFilePath, Host, GenerationEnvironment);
            GenerationEnvironment = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
#>
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="<#= oneTable.Name #>_Edit.aspx.cs" Inherits="<#= projectNamespace #>.<#= oneTable.Name #>_Edit" %>
<#
            foreach (Column oneColumn in oneTable.Columns)
            {
#>
    <asp:TextBox ID="<#= oneColumn.Name #>TextBox" runat="server" />
<#
            }
            relativeOutputFilePath = @"\Output\" + oneTable.Name + "_Edit.aspx";
            TemplateHelper.WriteTemplateOutputToFile(relativeOutputFilePath, Host, GenerationEnvironment);
            GenerationEnvironment = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
        }
    }
#>
<#+
public class TemplateHelper
{
    public static void WriteTemplateOutputToFile(
        string relativeOutputFilePath,
        Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating.ITextTemplatingEngineHost Host,
        System.Text.StringBuilder GenerationEnvironment)
    {
        string outputPath = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(Host.TemplateFile);
        string outputFilePath = outputPath + relativeOutputFilePath;
        System.IO.File.WriteAllText(outputFilePath, GenerationEnvironment.ToString());
    }
}
#>

A: Here are the turorial articles that walk you through implementing a code generator that produces multiple .sql files for each table in a SQL database:
http://www.olegsych.com/2008/09/t4-tutorial-creating-reusable-code-generation-templates/
http://www.olegsych.com/2008/09/t4-tutorial-creating-complex-code-generators/
The complete tutorial can be found here: http://t4toolbox.codeplex.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
https://okcthunderwire.usatoday.com/2017/12/17/carmelo-caught-by-surprise-by-touching-tribute-video-aired-by-knicks/
Carmelo Anthony surprised by tribute video, fan support in New York return
[jwplayer dPCWYl1j-om1WH0YE]
Moke Hamilton
Leading up to Carmelo Anthony's return to New York City, there were quite a few people who wondered how Knicks fans would greet him. The question was posed in Indianapolis and again in Philadelphia.
Anthony, for the most part, was cautiously optimistic that he would receive a warm reception. On Friday night in Philadelphia, he went a step further in saying that he expected his reception to be mostly "an appreciation."
Anthony met with members of the New York media on Friday and spoke at length about his homecoming game. However, the conversation had less to do with hoops and more to do with heart.
"I think walking in there, it'll be a little emotional," Anthony predicted on Friday. "Just from the standpoint of that's home.
"Being back in there, being on the other side, running out the other side of the tunnel and seeing people that I became close with, seeing my family that I can't really see much right now because I'm in Oklahoma City, my son, my wife, seeing them right now, having them there is very important."
"How can I not miss New York?" Anthony asked, rhetorically. "I became entrenched into not just the Knicks, but the city as a whole. Those are my roots, the people there, I became one of them. I embraced New York City, I embraced the culture, I've embraced everything about that city. I'm definitely one of them."
Interestingly enough, in the 10 minutes Anthony spoke on Friday, he wasn't asked whether he expected anything from the Knicks organization itself.
He was in for a surprise.
Prior to tip-off, the Knicks aired a one-minute tribute video they created featuring some of Anthony's highlights over the course of his seven seasons as a Knick. It resonated with him.
The @nyknicks welcome back Carmelo Anthony to MSG! pic.twitter.com/QvPfSdxIgn
While some media members in New York City knew that the Knicks were intending to play a tribute video in Anthony's honor, the 10-time All-Star was in the dark about it.
"The video montage caught me by surprise," Anthony said. "I wasn't expecting it. I was waiting for my name to be called and accept what was gonna come from there, so first and foremost, I want to thank [Knicks general manager] Scott Perry, [Steve Mills] and the organization for doing that and making that gesture. That was big time and for me, that goes a long way. It's very much appreciated."
After going scoreless in the game's second half, the night ended on a bitter note for Anthony, but one thing was apparent: he got a fair dose of appreciation from both the fans in attendance and the organization itself.
"To have this game here now, it didn't matter if we played tonight or later in the season, the feelings were gonna be the same and the emotions were gonna be the same," Anthony said.
Sure, Anthony would have liked for his Thunder to walk out of Madison Square Garden victorious, but in other ways, he may still be heading back to Oklahoma City feeling something just as good as victory—genuine appreciation.


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Kicking goals at WIL
accounting Ben Kavanagh creative writing industry placements Katherin Baldwin nutrition and dietetics Panthers physiotherapy South Adelaide Football Club Southern Knowledge Transfer Partnerships teaching Work-Integrated Learning
December 19, 2017 We are Panthers: hear us roar
March 24, 2016 Flinders and South Adelaide FC team up again for 2016
December 12, 2018 Flinders and South Adelaide Panthers take partnership to next level
Posted on April 16, 2012 by newsdesk
A Flinders Work-Integrated Learning placement took Katherine Baldwin to South Adelaide Football Club – two years on, she's still submitting copy for the Panthers' newsletter.
It was a Flinders Work-Integrated Learning placement that took Katherine Baldwin to South Adelaide Football Club – two years on, she's still submitting copy for the Panthers' newsletter.
Ms Baldwin is one of 16 students from a range of courses including physiotherapy, nutrition and dietetics, accounting, creative writing and teaching to undertake 100-hour industry placements with the football club, as part of the University's partnership with the Panthers.
The placement program is co-ordinated by the Southern Knowledge Transfer Partnership office.
As a Creative Writing student, Ms Baldwin took up the opportunity at South Adelaide in 2010 to hone the journalistic side of her writing skills.
As part of her placement, she interviewed and wrote stories about past and present players, officials, volunteers, members and sponsors, and found the work so enjoyable that she has kept it up after graduating.
Panthers CEO Mr Ben Kavanagh said Ms Baldwin creates first-class stories that give the readership a great insight into the different types of people and personalities that make up a club, while providing her with practical experience and a portfolio of work.
"She is yet another example of the many benefits that are flowing to the South Adelaide Football Club, Flinders University and the students of Flinders through this partnership," Mr Kavanagh said.
While some courses, such as nursing, law, medicine and teaching, require mandatory professional placements in order to qualify, Flinders is continually working to establish work placements for other courses, according to Work-Integrated Learning program manager Ms Jody Hannah.
"Every year Flinders University places over 5,000 students in one or more work placements directly related to their course of study," Ms Hannah said.
"Many of these placements are professionally mandated, while others are initiated by the University to give students an opportunity to gain experience in their chosen field and operate across Flinders' range of courses, including business, cultural tourism, international studies, archaeology, and screen and media studies.
"It is one of the University's goals to give every student in any program the opportunity for Work-Integrated Learning."
Prior to her placement Ms Baldwin had some interest in football, but not at local level. Now a Panthers member, she continues to write articles for the newsletter while working as a relief English teacher.
"I've got into it quite a bit," she said.
"There's a community feel and spirit at the Club that I really enjoy and admire."
The University's partnership with the Panthers, which began in 2010, also covers educational and professional development opportunities for Panthers staff, players and members, and support for the club's outreach and mentoring programs, as well as sponsorship by Flinders of the club's senior team.
Corporate Engage News Nutrition and dietetics School of Humanities Students Teaching and learning Uncategorized
Flinders graduates light up the big screen
Identifying the bad guy


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RTS London: Google for media
Jon Brennan, Google's regional manager for broadcast, entertainment and media partnerships, said that television "is still central" to people's lives. He claimed that although TV consumption had declined by 3% over the past six years, if online viewing was included, consumption of video has, in fact, risen by 25%.
RTS London
Read more about RTS London: Google for media
BBC Two announces first British virtual reality property show
Watch This Space, presented by Angela Scanlon, will see ordinary homes transformed by architects Laura Clark and Robert Jamison into extraordinary spaces.
The episodes will follow two couples with conflicting ideas about the design of their homes as Clark and Jamison work with their different visions to create a unique design.
The homeowners will be able to explore the architects' designs using cutting-edge VR technology which will allow them to see rooms in their house transform, giving them a chance to decide on which design comes out on top.
Remarkable Television
Angela Scanlon
Read more about BBC Two announces first British virtual reality property show
Channel 4 commissions first virtual reality film
The groundbreaking 15 minute long film will focus on the people who inhabited the tower rather than the event itself or the questions of who was to blame for the incident.
Combining documentary interviews shot in stereoscopic 360 with computer-generated animation, the film will focus on important events and poignant every-day moments of the residents' lives, incorporating the contributors' own photos and video footage.
Grenfell Tower
Read more about Channel 4 commissions first virtual reality film
Sky VR gets up close with the Haka
In partnership with Sky Sports, Sky VR is bringing rugby union closer than ever before in this powerful documentary which will bring the legacy of the Haka to light.
The film, says Sky VR's executive producer Neil Graham "transports the viewer into the heart of the world's most iconic sporting and cultural ritual."
The virtual reality film follows the journey of a young Maori man as he explores the ancient cultural traditions which drive rugby in New Zealand.
Read more about Sky VR gets up close with the Haka
Sir David Attenborough to become virtual hologram for Sky
In a world first, museum-goers will get special hands-on access to rare objects, while a 3D hologram of Attenborough will offer his own insight on each specimen in a one-on-one interactive experience.
He will be transformed into a hologram and will guide participants to virtually hold and handle fossils, bringing the objects to life.
This virtual technology will allow people to hold up, peer inside, tilt and look more closely at the historic objects, which include fossils, bones and skulls from the museum's world-famous collection.
Read more about Sir David Attenborough to become virtual hologram for Sky
Virtual reality: What does the future hold?
We spoke to attendees and exhibitors at the Royal Television Society's Virtual Reality and 360⁰ Storytelling event to find out what the future holds for VR and 360 video.
Click here to watch highlights of the event and read the full report.
Read more about Virtual reality: What does the future hold?
BBC explores Irish history in virtual reality at the National Theatre
Easter Rising: Voice of a Rebel commemorates the centenary year of the infamous conflict in Dublin where hundreds died as the people of Ireland wrestled for independence from Britain. BBC Learning worked together with Crossover Labs and VRTOV to provide the immersive experience on an Oculus Rift headset.
BBC Learning
Read more about BBC explores Irish history in virtual reality at the National Theatre
TV's next big thing?
Are we on the threshold of another television revolution similar to the introduction of colour or multichannel? There is a lot of excitement around virtual reality in show business and media circles. But can broadcasters successfully deploy VR – or will it turn out to be as ephemeral as the recent commotion over 3DTV?
Read more about TV's next big thing?
Five virtual reality headsets to look out for in 2016
2016 is looking like it could be a big year for Virtual Reality as the technology becomes ever more accessible. The Google Cardboard frame which allowed users to turn their smart phone into a VR headset was a fun and affordable toy, however the VR revolution is beginning in earnest next year. We have gathered five of the top VR headsets, set for release in 2016.
Read more about Five virtual reality headsets to look out for in 2016
NAB 2015: To the Internet and Beyond
1. Why your TV should talk to your toaster: connected-TV and the 'internet of things'
One of the big draws at television technology shows such as NAB in Las Vegas is the "living room of the future", with its wall-filling, multi-image, interactive TV screen. Such "wallpaper displays" are still, largely, mock-ups, not demonstrations of real services.
But the "internet of things" (IoT) – the multiplication of connected devices, body-worn sensors and Cloud data services – could soon make such TVs a reality.
Ultra-HDTV
Read more about NAB 2015: To the Internet and Beyond


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Q: mini test - testing an application controller method without render I have a very simple Application controller method I want to test. It will be used by other application controller methods to determine if we need to redirect. So it isn't going to be doing any render functions.
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  def has_consent
    current_user ? current_user.consent : nil
  end
end

All the examples for mini-test use #assert_response or #assert_redirected_to. How do I get access to application_controller methods within the mini-test framework? IE, I can write the test, but how the heck do I set it up?

A: The simple answer is you don't.
The public API of a controller is the actions that respond to HTTP requests and you test them by sending HTTP requests and writing assertions about the response returned.
If your method does not respond to HTTP requests it should be a private method. And you don't test privates.
Rather you should test by testing how your application responds when the user has not given consent. Not the implementation details.
If testing the method in isolation is really important then it does not belong in the controller. Rather in the model layer or a helper - which can be tested in isolation.


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Sunbury was a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904.

It was created by the British North America Act of 1867, and abolished in 1892 when it was merged into Sunbury—Queen's riding.

Members of Parliament

This riding elected the following Members of Parliament:

Election results

See also

 List of Canadian federal electoral districts
 Past Canadian electoral districts

External links
 Riding history from the Library of Parliament

Former federal electoral districts of New Brunswick

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


• We check the benefits and eligibility of patient if (s)he is eligible with provided information.
• It ease out the claim filing process by having all the correct data verified before physician renders service.
We support Insurance company by Online/Offline Insurance Verification services all over India. We have team of doctors and Support teams to perform the task.
For any assistance feel free to revert us.
Our entity is rendering Insurance Verification Services.
It's one thing to source a product and get a price. But the most important thing is to source a product from a reputed manufacturer, with genuine experience along with the relevant certificates and getting it understand to meet up with exact requirements.
According to industry sources, 75% of all health care claim denials are because a patient is not eligible for services billed to the insurer by the provider. Often, a patient would be ineligible for benefits because his or her policy has been terminated or modified.
The patient list, a copy of the insurance card and demographic details are sent to us via email/fax or secure FTP. Our medical billing specialists call up the insurance company prior to the appointment. Pre-certification is done for specific lab tests, diagnostic tests and surgeries. The details are sent to the hospital/clinic in the prescribed format.
I.H.S. has a dedicated team for Insurance Verification to check Patient eligibility even before the claims are submitted to the carriers. Every information is recorded in the respective patient account for future process.
Carry out a thorough Investigation on Insurance Claims to verify the authenticity.
ACE is a major player in the field of life and general insurance investigations by leveraging its more than two decades of experience in investigation business. Realizing our expertise in the field and huge potential of the market and need of the insurance sector for quality investigation We have worked for organization like TATA-AIG, IFFCO-TOKIO, SBI Life etc.
TransVista has risen as a major player in insurance verification. We have a track record of assisting insurance companies in cross–checking facts, procedure available and organizing ruling, etc. thereby making decision making process easier.
- Receive schedules of patients via, email, secure FTP or check them every day in the appointment scheduling module of the practice management system.
Banks and financial institutions are extensively lending to two & four wheeler vehicles by creating hypothetation charge on vehicles with RTO. Since RC/TC book always remains with borrower, It is necessary to take certificate from RTO on annual basis to ascertan banks charge on the vehicle financied. We arrange to procure such certificate from RTO office for banks.


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Q: Order of group generated by two elements of finite Order If we have two matrices of finite Order and we generate a group from these two matrices, then is there any tool to find order of such group. Thanks in advance

A: In general, the product of elements $a$ and $b$ of order $n$ respectively $m$ can be arbitrary, even infinite, see
Examples and further results about the order of the product of two elements in a group
For information on subgroups of $GL(n,q)$ resp. $SL(n,q)$ with two generators see this MO-question, and this one.


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The conference is connected to the international, peer-reviewed journal 'Emotion, Space and Society' and the 'Society for Study of Emotion, Affect and Space'.
About the Society for Study of Emotion, Affect and Space
http://www.sseas.org/index.html
Society for Study of Emotion, Affect and Space aims to stimulate interdisciplinary debate on theoretically informed research on the emotional intersections between people and places. These aims are broadly conceived to encourage investigations of feelings and affect in various spatial and social contexts, environments and landscapes. Questions of emotion are relevant to a variety of disciplines across the humanities and social sciences, including history, anthropology, race/gender/cultural studies, philosophy, sociology/social theory, English, economics, education, politics, and social psychology. Many of these traditions are represented among the membership of SSEAS, and the work of the Society transcends disciplinary boundaries.
About the journal Emotion, Space and Society
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/emotion-space-and-society/
Emotion, Space and Society aims to provide a forum for interdisciplinary debate on theoretically informed research on the emotional intersections between people and places. These aims are broadly conceived to encourage investigations of feelings and affect in various spatial and social contexts, environments and landscapes. Questions of emotion are relevant to several different disciplines, and the editors welcome submissions from across the full spectrum of the humanities and social sciences. The journal's editorial and presentational structure and style demonstrate the richness generated by an interdisciplinary engagement with emotions and affects. Submissions investigate the multiplicity of spaces and places that produce and are produced by emotional and affective life, representing an inclusive range of theoretical and methodological engagements with emotion as a social, cultural and spatial phenomenon. The launch of this journal represents a unique and timely opportunity to explore exciting new ways to think about natures, cultures and histories of emotional life.
Laatst gewijzigd: 19 februari 2018 13:13


Boys Town executives cited the integrated EHR's web utilities, revenue cycle and contract management system, and behavioral health platform as key components in their decision to select Expanse.
"We're proud to have an organization like Boys Town moving forward with our Expanse EHR," says Executive Vice President Helen Waters. "Their commitment to improving the lives of at-risk children on a local and national level is extraordinary. And their work continues to make a difference with positive changes that are seen throughout the greater community."
Currently operating two campuses in Nebraska (Boys Town and Omaha), Boys Town provides a range of services. These include ENT services at the Boys Town Ear, Nose, and Throat Institute, general pediatric care, orthopedic, internal medicine, pediatric gastroenterology, allergy, asthma, pediatric pulmonology, behavioral health, audiological, and ophthalmologic care. Boys Town has also developed national medical programs that are instituted in hospitals and clinics throughout the United States.


As Lebanon's gay community kicks off a new public campaign to counter discrimination and the social taboos against homosexuality, its message is simple: "Being different isn't shameful. What's shameful is fighting diversity."
The group, Proud Lebanon, has roped in celebrities such as actors Christian Chueiri, Zeina Dakash and Fouad Yameen for its campaign. While Lebanon is sometimes dubbed the "gay paradise" of the Arab world, the community still remains vulnerable to exploitation.


Neto goes to great lengths to secure its servers; this includes daily 3rd party network scans, the installation of intrusion prevention software, redundant firewalls and strict security policies. In addition to the security we employ, it is important that you also take measures to secure your website and your customers.
If you accept credit cards on your website you must have a valid SSL (Secure Socket Layer) certificate issued in your business name installed at all times. This will help to protect your customers when transacting on your website. All modern browsers display a websites security status within the browser toolbar. Users now expect to see a lock icon or green bar when shopping on e-commerce websites. A valid SSL certificate will ensure this is the case.
SSL provides a mechanism to verify the identity of website, and to encrypt the messages sent between the website and client. At Neto we issue Geotrust SSL certificates. Geotrust is the #1 brand of SSL for the top 1 million most visited domains on the web. Although we issue and recommend Geotrust SSL certificates you can use any SSL provider. Other popular SSL providers include Thawte, Godaddy & Comodo.
A CSR (certificate signing request) from Neto. If you do not have this already, it can be obtained by contacting your account manager or emailing ssl@neto.com.au with the subject "SSL CSR Request For yourdomainname.com".
Once you have paid for and received your SSL certificate please send your certificate to support@neto.com.au for installation.
Secure site seals and trust marks can help to reduce cart abandonment and increase sales conversion rates.


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The state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil, is the country's storehouse of mineral richess and the second most populous. Belo Horizonte is the state capital and the largest city.
The state gathers important artistic and architectural heritage, preserved in sites of international fame such as Ouro Preto, Diamantina and São João del Rei, which are part of the Estrada Real (Royal Road) complex. More: History of Brazil ►
Aerial view of Belo Horizonte.
The historical city of Ouro Preto (Black Gold), the old capital of Minas Gerais.
◄ Geographic Guide
◄ Brazil
Churches at the historic center of Mariana.
Copyright © Geographic Guide - Travel American Continent.
Iguaçu Falls
Praça da Liberdade in Belo Horizonte, the capital of the state of Minas Gerais.
Below, church of São Francisco de Assis, in Belo Horizonte. Constructed in 1943 with a project by Oscar Niemeyer
Church of São Francisco de Assis, in São João del Rel, Minas Gerais (right). Below Praça da Liberdade (Freedom Square) in Belo Horizonte.
Waterfall at Ibitipoca State Park
Cores do Brasil
Min. Turismo
Photo: Prefeitura BH


What a small world we live in. We went to Amazing Jake's a couple of weeks ago in Aurora, CO with Paeton and friends to celebrate his birthday. In viewing the website, I learned that they are building one in Plano, TX as I write. Now, that is amazing!
It's an enormous building filled with all things loved by 7 year old boys. Amusement park rides, skee-ball, video games, putt putt golf, go carts, lazer tag, bumper cars....I could go on and on. Check it out, Texans, once it opens. You won't be sorry. Especially if 1/3 of your vocabulary consists of the word, "Dude."
Jack trying to be a big boy.
The boys climbing the rock wall.
Jack racing through the golf course.
Choo choos!!!! These are not actually trains, but they look like trains and Jack was none the wiser.
They rode this one over and over again.
Jack in the toddler area.
Sweet Carter took Jack on this one. Love his enthusiasm.
Look at that smile....totally worth it once he saw that.
Sweet Paeton took Jack on the train, too.


Grade A Seraphinite 8mm x 12mm Ovals.
Parcel consists of 126 stones.
Grade A Seraphinite 12mm x 16mm Ovals.
Parcel consists of 77 stones.
Grade A Seraphinite 13mm x 18mm Teardrops.
Parcel consists of 70 stones.
Calibrated Grade A Seraphinite 22mm x 30mm rectangles.
Parcel consists of 30 stones.
Calibrated Grade A Seraphinite 10mm x 10mm Squares.
Parcel consists of 104 stones.


iPad 9.7 (2018) Case is specially made for the iPad 9.7 (2018). Good protection for iPad 9.7 (2018), easy to carry and keep your iPad 9.7 (2018) away from scratches, bumps and dust.
iPad 9.7 (2018) Case is compatible with iPad 9.7 (2018).
All opening, buttons, connectors and speaker position are placed perfectly to give this case a sense of unity with iPad 9.7 (2018).
Protects your iPad 9.7 (2018) against any scratch, bump and dirt.


Forever Passionate. ETERNITY FLAME celebrates life's journeys through love and intimacy.
An unexpected mix of bright fruits and delicate florals contrasted with oriental facets. Eternity Flame for Women is an expression of love and passion. Each note adds a facet of femininity and sensuality to create a warm, addictive finish.
The scent opens with a fruity blast, highlighted by mandarin. The floral tones begin to show in the middle and base notes as first sweet pea comes into play, before a finish which is led by labdanum.
Eternity Flame for Men is an intense fougère oriental fragrance that has been redefined with hints of amber and leather, creating a scent that is both fresh and warm, sensual and rich.
The scent features sweet top notes of pineapple, herbal notes such as rosemary in the heart, and a base note of labdanum, a sticky resin derived from the rockrose plant. This scent is rounded out with sophisticated, warm notes of amber and leather, creating a strong and masculine scent.


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HffGlobal FootballNewsAncelotti's first recruit could be Cannavaro, claims agent
Ancelotti's first recruit could be Cannavaro, claims agent
The 54-year-old is reportedly keen on making the former Italy captain part of his backroom staff having officially taken the reins with the Liga giants on Tuesday
Newly-appointed Real Madrid boss Carlo Ancelotti has contacted Fabio Cannavaro about returning to the Bernabeu in a coaching capacity, according to the former defender's agent.
The World Cup winner enjoyed a three-year spell in Madrid as a player and Cannavaro's agent Enrico Fedele, claims the 54-year-old has already enquired about his client's availability to accept a position on his backroom staff.
"There have been some telephone conversations," Fedele told Radio Kiss Kiss. "But I am not aware of any future decisions.
"Fabio wants to coach and get some experience behind a charismatic coach who knows how to handle a large squad.
The 39-year-old, who spent two years playing under Ancelotti during their time at Parma, called time on his illustrious playing-career in July 2011 following a series of recurring knee injuries.
According to Goal
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