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Home Politics World Bank Ruling Against Pakistan Shows Global Economic Governance Is Broken
World Bank Ruling Against Pakistan Shows Global Economic Governance Is Broken
24 July 2019 16 December 2020 Politics
It's been a rough month for Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan.
It started off with the International Monetary Fund approving a US$6 billion dollar loan to the country. The strict conditions on the loan meant that instead of expanding the welfare state, Khan's government had to impose "shock therapy" austerity measures.
Unsurprisingly, this resulted in nationwide strikes.
Imran Khan hopes to transform Pakistan but he'll have far less power than past leaders
Then, less than two weeks later, a secretive World Bank tribunal ordered Pakistan to pay a mining company US$5.8 billion dollars — nearly as much as the IMF loan — to resolve an eight year-long dispute.
Why would an arm of the development pillar of the Bretton Woods system require a country in crisis to do something that would completely undermine the actions of the financial stability tenets of that same system?
What does it say about the state of global economic governance? Is it broken?
Protecting corporate profits
The International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes was established in 1966 as part of the World Bank Group. The centre oversees arbitrations between foreign companies and states in a process known as the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS).
ISDS is hugely controversial for a variety of reasons ranging from the secrecy of the hearings to the substantial costs associated with defending a claim and the ability of corporations to challenge health and environmental measures.
The case that cost Pakistan $5.8 billion did not revolve around such measures but rather the decision of a provincial government to backtrack on a sweetheart deal that had been offered to a mining firm, allegedly the result of corruption. Leaving the merits of the case to one side — it is difficult to assess the tribunal's reasoning when the award isn't public, after all — let's take a closer look at the payout.
According to the mining company — Tethyan Copper, partially owned by Canada's Barrick Gold — it spent US$220 million on exploration activities before things went south. One might argue that a fair outcome, if the government was solely to blame, would be for the award to cover these sunk costs. Instead it was more than 25 times that amount. That is because the tribunal chose to award the company "lost future profits" from the project.
No crystal balls
Arbitrators don't have crystal balls. They don't know what the value of a mineral will be in a year, let alone 30 years. And they are lawyers, not market analysts. So how do they decide how much profit a firm would have made in a hypothetical alternative future?
The answer is, partially, that they rely on "experts" brought in by each of the parties to the dispute. These experts provide a best guess for what they think a project is worth. International law scholar Robert Howse calls this "junk science."
Unsurprisingly, the state's expert often provides a low-ball estimate for the value of a project and the investor's expert gives an inflated value. Faced with this discrepancy, arbitrators will often choose to go down the middle and pick an arbitrary value. Tethyan Copper had originally sought more than US$11 billion in damages, suggesting that the tribunal in this case may have taken this approach.
When it comes to the calculation of damages, there are very few constraints on arbitrators. As noted in one award, a tribunal generally has the freedom to "arrive at a figure with which it is comfortable in all the circumstances of the case."
Did the arbitrators in this case consider that the owners of Tethyan Copper —Antofogasta of Chile and Barrick Gold — had long ago written off the project and continued to be very profitable firms? Did they consider the records of these companies in terms of alleged corruption and human rights abuses in other countries?
Did they consider that US$5.8 billion is one eighth of Pakistan's total government budget for 2019/20? Did they consider that the country is facing an economic crisis? It seems the answer may have been "no" on all counts though, again, we are left guessing about the tribunal's justifications for its award.
A way out for Pakistan
An international process is currently underway to come up with reforms to ISDS, and excessive damages awards have been identified as an area of concern for states. A number of countries, most recently South Korea, have come to the wise decision that the best way forward is to opt out of ISDS altogether.
Read Also: This small German town took back the power and went fully renewable.
In practice, this means individual states terminating the thousands of investment treaties that provide access to arbitration, which can be a difficult and time-consuming process. A preferable approach would be for states to co-ordinate their efforts, for example through a multilateral exit agreement.
Abolishing ISDS won't solve all of the problems of global economic governance. But it seems a very good place to start.
Kyla Tienhaara, Canada Research Chair in Economy and Environment, Queen's University, Ontario
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This PA will expire on October 2, 2003, unless reissued.
CANCER SURVEILLANCE USING HEALTH CLAIMS-BASED DATA SYSTEM
Release Date:  October 4, 2001
PA NUMBER:  PA-02-006 (see replacement PA-04-012)
Agency for Health Care Quality and Research
This Program Announcement (PA) replaces PA-99-015, which was published in the
NIH Guide on November 12, 1998.
THIS PA USES "MODULAR GRANT" AND "JUST-IN-TIME" CONCEPTS.  MODULAR
INSTRUCTIONS MUST BE USED FOR RESEARCH GRANT APPLICATIONS UP TO $250,000 PER
YEAR. MODULAR BUDGET INSTRUCTIONS ARE PROVIDED IN SECTION C OF THE PHS 398
(REVISION 5/2001) AVAILABLE AT
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html.
Since AHRQ study sections require complete budget information in their
review, all applications assigned, after initial submission, to AHRQ for
review and funding considerations will be requested to submit detailed budget
pages prior to the study section review.
The Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National
Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality
(AHRQ) invite investigator-initiated grant applications for research
entailing the use of health claims data for cancer surveillance, including
cancer detection, treatment, and outcomes.   Health claims include secondary
data sources such as the linked SEER-Medicare data, fee-for-service insurance
bills for medical, rehabilitative, or other health care services, managed
care encounter data, data bases with multiple payers such as the Healthcare
Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) data base and discharge summaries.
Studies of cancer treatment may include assessment of patterns of care,
quality and outcomes of care across the continuum of treatment and health
disparities.  Projects funded under this PA may focus on determinants of
treatment and outcomes at the patient-specific level or including influences
from the provider or broader health-system.  In addition to studies of cancer
incidence and treatment, responses to this program announcement (PA) may also
initiate analyses to expand understanding of the capability of and methods
needed to use claims data for cancer surveillance.
This Program Announcement (PA) relates to the general health services and
outcomes and effectiveness research supported by the AHRQ for a wide range of
clinical conditions, including cancer.  For example, AHRQ is presently
supporting research that supports improvements in health outcomes;
strengthens quality measurement and improvement; identifies strategies to
improve access, foster appropriate use, and reduce unnecessary expenditures;
and promotes advances in health services research methodologies, especially
cost-effectiveness analysis.  Related research priorities are described in
AHRQ Health Services Research Program Announcement PA-00-111, which is
available on the WEB at:
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-00-111.html.
There is increasing interest in the collection and analysis of valid,
accurate and reliable data related to preventive, screening and treatment
intervention related to specific disease entities.  For example, the 1998
Institute of Medicine report on Scientific Opportunities and Public Needs:
Improving Priority Setting and Public Input at the NIH (See
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nih/) recommends that, "In setting
priorities, NIH should strengthen its analysis and use of health data, such
as burdens and costs of diseases, and of data on the impact of research on
the health of the public."  Increasing the use of these types of data to
assess the quality of cancer care has also been identified as a priority by
the Institute of Medicine
(http://search.nap.edu/html/enhancing_data_systems).  Studies using claims-
based data are usually population-based and have the potential to address a
number of priority questions including disparities in health care based on
demographic characteristics and the quality of cancer care.
Scope of Activity
Cancer is a heterogeneous chronic disease characterized by innovation in
treatment and care approaches.  This initiative supports research directed at
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directed towards studies that assess the utility of claims data for cancer
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Examples of research topics that could be relevant to the studies of
detection, treatment and outcomes include but are not limited to:
1.  Studies of the patterns of cancer for persons with specific
cancers/stages.   This might include treatment during the peri-diagnostic
period, use of adjuvant treatments, as well as long-term follow-up.
2.  Use of screening tests among the general population and rates of post-
diagnostic surveillance for persons with cancer.
3.  Differences in cancer screening and treatment based on insurance status-
such as uninsured, managed care and fee-for-service, and the impact of carve-
out plans.
4.  Intensity and types of services provided at the end of life.
5.  Rates of short-term complications following cancer treatment.
6.  Long-term complications for cancer survivors as sequellae to their cancer
treatment.
7.  Disparities in the receipt in cancer care based on demographic and socio-
economic characteristics.
8.  Determinants of the quality of care across the cancer continuum, e.g.
training and volume of health care providers.
Examples of research topics that could be relevant to assessing the utility
of claims data for surveillance include but are not limited to:
1.  Use of claims data to assess the frequency and intensity of diagnostic
2.  Methods to distinguish screening vs. diagnostic procedures.
3.  Methods to identify recurrences or metastases from claims data.
4.  Assessment of  the availability and completeness of encounter data from
managed care settings.
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environmental causes of cancer, such as cluster analysis of incidence in
small areas.
6.  Determination of whether health claims-based data systems can be used to
track the emergence of new technologies for detecting, diagnosing, or
treating cancer or pre-cancerous conditions.
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that is not routinely collected by cancer registries, including enhanced case
ascertainment.
8.  Methods to measure comorbidity.
The use of claims data to assess population-based cancer incidence and
survival rates has been assessed in numerous earlier studies and is not a
priority of this PA.
MECHANISM OF SUPPORT
Support of this program will be through the National Institutes of Health
(NIH) research project grant (R01) or an exploratory/developmental grant
(R21).  Applicants will be responsible for planning, direction and execution
of the proposed project.  Awards will be administered under NIH grants policy
as stated in the NIH Grants Policy Statement. The total project period for an
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encouraged to seek continued support after completing an exploratory/
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from potential applicants is welcome.
Direct inquiries regarding programmatic issues to:
Joan Warren, Ph.D.
Applied Research Branch
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The modular grant concept establishes specific modules in which direct costs
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Beginning January 10, 2002, however, the NIH will return applications that
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SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODULAR GRANT APPLICATIONS
limited budgetary information is required under this approach.  The
just-in-time concept allows applicants to submit certain information only
when there is a possibility for an award. It is anticipated that these
changes will reduce the administrative burden for the applicants, reviewers
and NIH staff.  The research grant application form PHS 398 (rev. 5/2001) at
applying for these grants, with modular budget instructions provided in
Section C of the application instructions.  Applicants are permitted,
however, to use the 4/1998 revision of the PHS 398 for scheduled application
receipt dates until January 9, 2002.  If you are preparing an application
using the 4/1998 version, please refer to the step-by-step instructions for
Modular Grants available at
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm.  Additional
information about Modular Grants is also available on this site.
The title and number of the program announcement must be typed on line 2 of
the face page of the application form and the YES box must be marked.
Submit a signed, typewritten original of the application, including the
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Applications will be assigned based on established NIH referral guidelines.
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The five criteria to be used in the evaluation of grant applications are
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The goals of NIH-supported research are to advance our understanding of
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likely to have a major scientific impact and thus deserve a high priority
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that by its nature is not innovative but is essential to move a field
forward.
1.  Significance.  Does this study address an important problem? If the aims
of the application are achieved, how will scientific knowledge be advanced?
What will be the effect of these studies on the concepts or methods that
drive this field?
2.  Approach.  Are the conceptual framework, design, methods, and analyses
adequately developed, well-integrated, and appropriate to the aims of the
project?  Does the applicant acknowledge potential problem areas and consider
alternative tactics?
3.  Innovation.  Does the project employ novel concepts, approaches, or
method?  Are the aims original and innovative? Does the project challenge
existing paradigms or develop new methodologies or technologies?
4.  Investigator.  Is the investigator appropriately trained and well suited
to carry out this work?  Is the work proposed appropriate to the experience
level of the principal investigator and other researchers (if any)?
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done contribute to the probability of success?  Do the proposed experiments
take advantage of unique features of the scientific environment or employ
useful collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional
The initial review group will also examine:
o  the appropriateness of proposed project budget and duration;
o  the adequacy of plans to include both genders, minorities (and their
subgroups), and children as appropriate for the scientific goals of the
research and plans for the recruitment and retention of subjects;
o  the provisions for the protection of human and animal subjects;
o  the safety of the research environment;
o  the adequacy of the proposed plan to share data.
Award criteria that will be used to make award decisions include:
o  scientific merit (as determined by peer review)
o  availability of funds
o  programmatic priorities.
INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS
It is the policy of the NIH that women and members of minority groups and
their sub- populations must be included in all NIH-supported biomedical and
behavioral research projects involving human subjects, unless a clear and
compelling rationale and justification is provided indicating that inclusion
is inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects or the purpose of
the research.  This policy results from the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993
(Section 492B of Public Law 103-43).
All investigators proposing research involving human subjects should read the
UPDATED "NIH Guidelines for Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in
Clinical Research," published in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts on
(https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-00-048.html);
a complete copy of the updated Guidelines is available at
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_update.htm: The
revisions relate to NIH defined Phase III clinical trials and require: a) all
applications or proposals and/or protocols to provide a description of plans
to conduct analyses, as appropriate, to address differences by sex/gender
and/or racial/ethnic groups, including subgroups, if applicable; and b) all
investigators to report accrual, and to conduct and report analyses, as
appropriate, by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic group differences.
INCLUSION OF CHILDREN AS PARTICIPANTS IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS.
It is the policy of NIH that children (i.e., individuals under the age of 21)
must be included in all human subjects research, conducted or supported by
the NIH, unless there are clear and compelling scientific and ethical reasons
not to include them.  This policy applies to all initial (Type 1)
applications submitted for receipt dates after October 1, 1998.
"NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Children as Participants in
Research Involving Human Subjects" that was published in the NIH Guide for
Grants and Contracts, March 6, 1998, and is available at the following URL
address: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98-024.html
Investigators also may obtain copies of  the policy from the program staff
listed under INQUIRIES.  Program staff may also provide additional relevant
information concerning the policy.
REQUIRED EDUCATION IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS
NIH policy on education in the protection of human research participants now
required for all investigators, which is published in the NIH Guide for
Grants and Contracts, June 5, 2000 (Revised August 25, 2000), available at
the following URL address:
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-00-039.html.
A continuing education program in the protection
of human participants in research is now available online at
http://cme.nci.nih.gov/.
PUBLIC ACCESS TO RESEARCH DATA THROUGH THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-110 has been revised to
provide public access to research data through the Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA) under some circumstances.  Data that are (1) first produced in a
project that is supported in whole or in part with Federal funds and (2)
cited publicly and officially by a Federal agency in support of an action
that has the force and effect of law (i.e., a regulation) may be accessed
through FOIA.  It is important for applicants to understand the basic scope
of this amendment.  NIH has provided guidance at
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/a110/a110_guidance_dec1999.htm.
Applicants may wish to place data collected under this PA in a public
archive, which can provide protections for the data and manage the
distribution for an indefinite period of time.  If so, the application should
include a description of the archiving plan in the study design and include
information about this in the budget justification section of the
application. In addition, applicants should think about how to structure
informed consent statements and other human subjects procedures given the
potential for wider use of data collected under this award.
URLS IN NIH GRANT APPLICATIONS OR APPENDICES
All applications and proposals for NIH funding must be self-contained within
specified page limitations.  Unless otherwise specified in an NIH
solicitation, Internet addresses (URLs) should not be used to provide
information necessary to the review because reviewers are under no obligation
to view the Internet sites.  Reviewers are cautioned that their anonymity may
be compromised when they directly access an Internet site.
REQUIREMENTS FOR SHARING RESEARCH RESOURCES
NIH policy requires that investigators make unique research resources readily
available for research purposes to qualified individuals within the
scientific community when they have been published.  All investigators should
read the Guidelines available at the following url address:
https://grants.nih.gov/archive/grants/policy/nihgps_2001/part_iia_6.htm.  See also:
NIH Grants Policy Statement (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/nihgps) and
Sharing Biomedical Research Resources: Principles and Guidelines for
Recipients of NIH Research Grants and Contracts: Final Notice, December 1999
(http://www.nih.gov/od/ott/RTguide_final.htm).  It is expected that
biomaterials and other patentable research resources (examples could be, but
are not limited to, vectors, embryonic cell lines, mutant mice, etc.)
produced in projects funded by this initiative will be made available and
distributed to the broader scientific community.
The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving the health
promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2010," a PHS
led national activity for setting priority areas.  This PA, Cancer
Surveillance Using Health Claims-Based Data System, is related to priority
area of cancer control.  Potential applicants may obtain a copy of "Healthy
People 2010" at http://www.health.gov/healthypeople/.
This program is described in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance No.
93.399, Cancer Control Research, 93.121, Oral Health Research and 93.226.
Awards are made under authorization of the Public Health Service Act, Title
IV, Part A (Public Law 78-410, as amended by Public Law 99-158, 42 USC 241
and 285) and administered under PHS grants policies and Federal Regulations
42 CFR 52 and 67, Subpart A, and 45 CFR Part 74 and part 92.  This program is
not subject to the intergovernmental review requirements of Executive Order
12372 or Health Systems Agency review.
The PHS strongly encourages all grant recipients to provide a smoke-free
workplace and promote the non-use of all tobacco products.  In addition,
Public Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits smoking in
certain facilities (or in some cases, any portion of a facility) in which
regular or routine education, library, day care, health care, or early
childhood development services are provided to children.  This is consistent
with the PHS mission to protect and advance the physical and mental health of
the American people.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"Seventeen-year-old Ismae escapes from the brutality of an arranged marriage into the sanctuary of the convent of St. Mortain, where the sisters still serve the gods of old. Here she learns that the god of Death Himself has blessed her with dangerous gifts—and a violent destiny. If she chooses to stay at the convent, she will be trained as an assassin and serve as a handmaiden to Death. To claim her new life, she must destroy the lives of others.
I was surprised to find that this novel is classified as young adult. I think it ended up being based on Ismae's age, but much of the subject matter is much more advanced than I normally see in a teen novel. It features assassination, physical abuse, marriage for political gain, and more court intrigue than you can shake a stick at. I'm honestly not sure if most teenagers will get drawn into this book due to its slower pace and the lesser amount of sheer action.
The one thing that I felt the novel didn't do all that well was the assassination aspect—and that's unfortunate, because the entire premise revolves around Ismae's status as a budding assassin. Ismae doesn't get traditional assignments, per se; instead, she has general instructions and looks for signs from the god of death to guide her further. This means that she goes through most of the novel staring at people to see if they are marked for death. Only rarely does she see anything that gives her the freedom to act, and if she had been given more of that earlier in the book, the changes to her beliefs at the novel's end would have worked a little better.
That's not to say that this is a bad novel. I enjoyed it quite a lot. I initially had some trouble getting involved in the plot and getting into the rhythm of the story, but once I did, I found the political maneuvering to be well thought out and solidly plotted. As the novel progresses, and as events get more complex, I found the book difficult to put down.
One of this book's strengths is in the minor characters. Two of the warriors that Ismae is acquainted with don't get much page time, but LaFevers packs a lot of characterization into what space they do get. By the end of the story, readers will care about these men, as well as about the princess and others who spend less time on stage than Ismae. This provides some much needed variation in what could have been a one-person show, but with all the politics and backstabbing, a breadth of personalities helps hold the story together.
While I'm not sure that this novel is really young adult material, it does have a lot going for it. Older teens and adults will enjoy the rich and intricate plotting, as well as the diverse cast of characters. Grave Mercy, first in the His Fair Assassin series, packs a lot of punch into a satisfying package.
This review was originally posted on April 4, 2012.


Plot Summary: It is now time for the 11th Cyber Formula World Grand Prix. With all the expectations and pressures placed upon him, Hayato Kazami struggles to regain the championship form that he had a year ago. Moreover, Osamu Sugo, aka Knight Schumacher, has reentered the competition, and declared Hayato to be an enemy. Hayato, with the new Super Asurada AKF-11, must now defeat someone he once deeply trusted in order to secure his second championship.


Her name sound like a boring ENGLISH TEACHER which is in love with books and is still a Virgin eventhough she is like 50 years old.
Is Mrs doggart even alive?
Get a mrs doggart mug for your brother-in-law Manley.


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text:
Q: CGAL 5.3: Example program to draw a triangulation doesn't work I've installed the CGAL 5.3 and tried to build and run the example program from this page. That's what I did:
cd $HOME/CGAL-5.3/release/examples/Triangulation_2
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCGAL_DIR=../../lib/cmake/CGAL .
make draw_triangulation_2
./draw_triangulation_2

However, I've got a lot of error messages in the console window - mostly complaints about OpenGL shaders, please see below:
QOpenGLShader::compile(Vertex): 0:3(1): error: `in' qualifier in declaration of `vertex' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10
0:4(1): error: `in' qualifier in declaration of `color' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10
0:9(1): error: `out' qualifier in declaration of `fColor' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10

*** Problematic Vertex shader source code ***
#define lowp
#define mediump
#define highp
#line 1

in highp vec4 vertex;
in highp vec3 color;

uniform highp mat4 mvp_matrix;
uniform highp float point_size;

out highp vec4 fColor;

void main(void)
{
  gl_PointSize = point_size;
  fColor = vec4(color, 1.0);
  gl_Position = mvp_matrix * vertex;
}

***
Compiling vertex source FAILED
QOpenGLShader::link: error: linking with uncompiled/unspecialized shader
linking Program FAILED
QOpenGLShader::compile(Vertex): 0:3(1): error: `in' qualifier in declaration of `vertex' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10
0:4(1): error: `in' qualifier in declaration of `normal' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10
0:5(1): error: `in' qualifier in declaration of `color' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10
0:11(1): error: `out' qualifier in declaration of `fP' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10
0:12(1): error: `out' qualifier in declaration of `fN' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10
0:13(1): error: `out' qualifier in declaration of `fColor' only valid for function parameters in GLSL 1.10

*** Problematic Vertex shader source code ***
#define lowp
#define mediump
#define highp
#line 1

in highp vec4 vertex;
in highp vec3 normal;
in highp vec3 color;

uniform highp mat4 mvp_matrix;
uniform highp mat4 mv_matrix;
uniform highp float point_size;

out highp vec4 fP;
out highp vec3 fN;
out highp vec4 fColor;

void main(void)
{
  fP = mv_matrix * vertex;
  highp mat3 mv_matrix_3;
  mv_matrix_3[0] = mv_matrix[0].xyz;
  mv_matrix_3[1] = mv_matrix[1].xyz;
  mv_matrix_3[2] = mv_matrix[2].xyz;
  fN = mv_matrix_3* normal;
  fColor = vec4(color, 1.0);
  gl_PointSize = point_size;

  gl_Position = mvp_matrix * vertex;
}

***
Compiling vertex source FAILED
QOpenGLShader::link: error: linking with uncompiled/unspecialized shader
linking Program FAILED
QOpenGLShader::link: error: linking with uncompiled/unspecialized shader
QOpenGLShaderProgram::attributeLocation(vertex): shader program is not linked

and so on... The viewer window, however, appeared but was empty:

The exactly same sequence of actions with CGAL 5.2.3 has given me a correct window with the triangulation and no error messages - so the OpenGL and Qt5 installations on my box look correct. The transition from the CGAL 5.2.3 to the CGAL 5.3 might be a culprit (???).
How to overcome this?
(I'm on Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS, with standard kernel 5.11.0-27, and all the standard versions of OpenGL and Qt5)
UPDATE. I've opened an issue on the CGAL bug tracker.

A: I'm answering my own question. According to CGAL developers it's a bug in the Qt5-based visualization code, and there is no way to overcome it directly. The bug has been already fixed in the code repository, so the fix will be included in the next CGAL release.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Information Deemed Reliable But Not Guaranteed. The firm operating this website does not display the entire MLS (or MichRIC) Broker Reciprocity database on this web site. Any use of search facilities of data on the site, other than by a consumer looking to purchase real estate, is prohibited. Updated on 4/22/2019 7:37:09 PM.


text:
Blogs > Boat Blog > 10 fast facts about the Riverkeeper patrol boat
03.06.18 ::
10 fast facts about the Riverkeeper patrol boat
The patrol boat goes back in the water. Photo: SBell
1. The Riverkeeper patrol boat was built in 1983 in Bivalve, N.J., to work commercial shellfish beds in Delaware Bay.
2. It's built of cedar planking on oak frames.
3. Riverkeeper bought the boat in 1990 and it was refurbished and relaunched as the "R. Ian Fletcher" in 1998.
4. Her engine is a Volvo Penta six-cylinder diesel installed in '98 by Captain John Lipscomb and his crew when he was the manager of Petersen's Boatyard in Upper Nyack, N.Y. The engine was donated by Volvo.
5. The patrol boat was named after Dr. R. Ian Fletcher, a noted expert in fluid dynamics, oceanography, physical ecology and biomathematics who used his dedication to science to benefit the Hudson River. Dr. Fletcher helped Riverkeeper win many historic cases, such as the Westway Highway battle on the west shore of Manhattan.
6. Since 2000, Captain Lipscomb and the R. Ian Fletcher have patrolled New York Harbor and the Hudson Estuary to Troy. As of 2014, we expanded our patrol range to include 120 miles on the Mohawk River to Rome, and 35 miles on the Upper Hudson to Fort Edward.
7. The R. Ian Fletcher and Captain Lipscomb log nearly 1,000 hours and 6,000 river miles a year. Her home port is Westerly Marina in Ossining.
8. The R. Ian Fletcher is also the floating lab for Riverkeeper's Water Quality Testing Program as well as a platform for collaborative scientific research by Columbia University's Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, CUNY Queens, SUNY Cobleskill, EPA and Cornell University.
9. The R. Ian Fletcher is the second Riverkeeper patrol boat. The Hudson River Fishermen's Association launched the first patrol boat from the Hudson River Maritime Museum in Kingston on May 14, 1983. The 25-foot boat was custom designed by Andy Mele for Riverkeeper. The Fishermen's Association had hired its first full-time Riverkeeper, John Cronin, that year. The association and its Riverkeeper program merged in 1986.
10. Every winter during layup we have continued to modify and improve the Fletcher with the skilled help of our old friend Chris Brennan of Brennan Boatbuilding.
Riverkeeper Patrol
Posts created by Riverkeeper Patrol are a collaboration of Riverkeeper's boat program staff. Riverkeeper maintains an enforcement presence on the Hudson River, patrolling the length and breadth of the estuary from south of the New York Harbor to north of the federal dam at Troy.


text:
Q: Regex for ConstantText dot any text I neeed a c# regex for this 2 cases.
1)MyConstantText
2)MyConstantText.[a-zA-Z]

ex.
My const text is Hello, then regex must match
Hello
Hello.ashdkajshd

A: Do not forget to escape when creating regular expressions:
  String text = "Hello";

  // Escape text as well as dot (\.)
  // Technically, you do want to escape "Hello", but since
  // text can be an arbitrary string, you'd better do it
  String pattern = Regex.Escape(text) + @"(\.[a-zA-Z]+)?";

  // Simple test
  Console.Write(Regex.Match("Hello.ashdkajshd", pattern).Value);

Remark: Please note, that pattern, provided in the question (MyConstantText.[a-zA-Z]) doesn't match the sample in the question ("Hello.ashdkajshd") but "Hello.a" only. So, I've change the corresponding subpattern into [a-zA-Z]+ (note +).

A: Here is tuto for regex in c# ... if you got an error you can post it


text:
Peas ploughed into ground after huge crop
September 10th, 2011 khanhdoan2 Agriculture news
FARMERS have been ploughing peas back into the ground after an astonishing set of harvests.
An unprecedented pea crop was the most spectacular result of an unexpectedly good combination of circumstances for many growers this year – starting with an early drought about which everybody complained.
It stretched a lot of plants to their limit. But in this part of the world at least, the rain came back just in time. And what looked like an indifferent summer to most of us turned out to be perfect in terms of water supply. Grains caught up, soft fruits ripened early and pea vines went wild.
The varieties grown to sell fresh in the shops or to the freezing factories – by far the biggest market – are harvested mainly in July and early August.
As late as June, it looked as if they would struggle to be ready in time.
But when it came to it, many acres were "bypassed" – left standing because they were surplus to requirements.
Farmers who supply shelled peas for freezing have machinery, generally owned co-operatively, which is designed for just that job. And the buyer most of them supply, Birds Eye, did not want all they had to offer.
After meeting their quotas, farmers have been growing some peas on until they are dry, for use as seed or animal feed. Some are attempting to turn spare vines into silage. But most have better things to do and a lot of peas have simply been turned into "green manure".
Chief executive William Bradley of the Green Pea Company, a co-operative of East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire growers, said: "We are not equipped to sell fresh peas. It would mean employing a lot of manual labour to handle them, for what would be a very small market, and this year is a one-off.
"It's very costly to store peas long-term and there is only a certain market for them. It's a shame, but it's better than being short."
Tamara Hall, who grows for the co-op at Beverley, said: "Peas hate going into wet ground so the drought made ideal conditions for drilling."
The chief executive of the industry's Processors and Growers Research Organisation, Salvador Potter, said: "Despite the drought, which in some cases lasted February to June, peas withstood the conditions extremely well. Because they fix their own nitrogen, from the atmosphere, they are less dependent on mineral nitrogen from the soil, which gets locked up when there is no moisture to transport it."
He said farmers should take note that, even this year, there is still unmet demand for dry peas for various markets – including chip shop "mushies". But they come from different varieties from freezer peas, harvested later and harvested differently, using combines.
Ironically, Birds Eye is offering contracts for hundreds of extra hectares next year, to meet a new order from Italy. But for this year, it has all it wants.
The Yorkshire Post asked Birds Eye why surpluses could not be frozen and kept and got the short answer: "We only freeze what we plan to sell."
Mr Potter said: "No company wants to carry surplus stocks."
The sugar beet harvest also looks good. British Sugar has announced that its next "campaign", as the effort to collect and process the crop is traditionally called, will start on Wednesday this week. Roots are big and healthy and although sugar content has yet to be measured, it is expected to be high.
"Surpluses should not be a problem for us," said a Yorkshire growers' representative in the NFU, Michael Craven of Melbourne. "British Sugar will probably take them, for a reduced price, or they can be sold as livestock feed."
The Government's Waste and Resources Action Programme said it had not yet looked into crop surpluses and could offer no comment on the waste of peas
http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/country-view/farming/peas_ploughed_into_ground_after_huge_crop_1_3761038?
Tags crop ground Peas
Australia minister urges Canada to open grain mkt »
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text:
Rails.application.routes.draw do
  mount Redirectr::Engine => "/redirectr"
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Council Member Sheri Gallo eager to continue her work
HomePoliticsCouncil Member Gallo eager to continue her work in next four years
Council Member Gallo eager to continue her work in next four years
November 2, 2016 TODO Austin Staff Politics 0
In 2014, Sheri Gallo was elected as the first 10-1 Austin City Council Member to represent District 10. Gallo's family has lived in Austin for six generations. Prior to serving on the City Council, she spent over 35 years as a local real estate business owner.
In her past two years of service, Gallo's areas of improvement have included community engagement, advocating for affordability, real traffic solutions, wildflower risk, improving neighborhoods and quality of life, among others.
As a Council Member, Gallo's commitment to District 10 community engagement has been one of her top priorities. During the past two years, she and her staff have spent days, weekends and evenings attending over 500 District 10 neighborhood meetings and community events. Her District 10 office has hosted eight Town Halls on a variety of subjects and brought city staff expertise into the District 10 neighborhoods. She also publishes a newsletter that is emailed weekly to District 10 residents.
Gallo has heard very clearly that homeowners, renters and business owners want the City Council to stop increasing their property tax and utility bills every year. She voted to fully implement the 20 percent homestead property tax exemption by 2018. She has also been the leader in increasing the senior tax exemption to reduce seniors' property tax bills. As a fiscal conservative, Gallo voted against the 2016 city budget because it raised property taxes and utility fees and did not responsibly reduce city spending.
Council Member Gallo serves on Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization and the Council Mobility Committee and is committed to finding real solutions to the traffic congestion that affects us all on a daily basis. She made sure that $63 million for District 10 roads was included in the mobility bond to improve Loop 360 intersections and add vehicle lanes to Spicewood Springs Rd. She was the first Council member to allocate funding to provide implementation of the new real-time Adaptive Signaling program. Every signaled intersection in District 10 will be improved by computerizing the traffic light system.
Many of the neighborhoods in District 10 are at risk for wildfires. Over the past two years, Gallo has worked with the Austin Fire Department to create specific wildfire protection plans and increase department funding to improve response times.
Gallo's focus has not just been on these big issues but also on the smaller problems that affect all of us on a daily basis. Her District 10 office is always available to help residents with reducing speeding on neighborhood streets, creating safer routes to schools for children, repairing broken sidewalks and improving neighborhood parks. Gallo believes that fixing these problems makes an immediate difference in people's lives and makes our neighborhoods safer and better.
As a realtor, Gallo saw that people typically choose a neighborhood before they choose a home. She understands how critical it is to maintain the best quality of life possible in our neighborhoods. She was the leader in including additional provisions to our city code to strengthen enforcement that allowed the City to shut down the short term rental party houses that were disrupting neighborhoods.
Sheri Gallo has expressed that over the past two years she could have probably earned a PhD in 20 different policy areas as she learned about running the 11th largest city in the nation and managing a $3.7 billion budget. "It has been an amazing and fascinating experience," she said. "I am grateful for the opportunity to serve my community and look forward to serving the residents for another four years."
Sheri Gallo
January 31, 2018 TODO Austin Staff 0
Council Members call for ICE to release Laura Monterrosa
March 5, 2018 TODO Austin Staff 0


text:
Marc'Antonio Zondadari (Siena, 26 november 1658 - Malta, 16 juni 1722) was een grootmeester van de Orde van Malta en neef van paus Alexander VII. Hij werd verkozen in 1720, na de dood van Ramón Perellós y Roccaful. Zijn regering als grootmeester duurde maar tot 1722. Hij was geliefd bij de Maltese bevolking. Tijdens zijn bewind werden de Carnavaltradities verstrengd met het instellen van de Kukkanja.

Zijn lichaam ligt begraven in een monument in de Sint-Janscokathedraal, dat gemaakt is door Massilimiano Soldani Benzi. Zijn hart ligt in zijn geliefde Siena begraven, tot ontsteltenis van de Maltese bevolking.

Grootmeester van de Orde van Malta
Persoon in de 17e eeuw
Persoon in de 18e eeuw

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
UPCOMING LIVE BROADCASTS
 & EVENTS
Arizona's Longest Running Tandem in Drivetime!
The guys try to bring you three hours of energetic entertainment, endless sports information, top names in all of sports and invigorating sports talk with passionate sports fans. Roc & Manuch began their oddball relationship on Tuesday, September 7, 2004, on ESPN 860 KMVP from 2pm-4pm after the Dan Patrick show. Shortly after a year, the show moved to KDUS AM 1060 from 3pm-6pm. The show was originally called "Calling All Sports" but changed to "AZSportsTalk" when AM 1060 became an NBC Sports Radio affiliate in April 2013. Prior to NBC, the affiliate was Sporting News Radio and Yahoo Sports Radio. The guys also hosted a weekend national show for six months on Sporting News Radio. After 13 years at KDUS AM 1060, the guys left to launch 1580 The Fanatic CBS Sports Radio and aired their show Monday-Friday 3pm-6pm from February 2017 to December 2018. 2019 brings a lot of excitement as their show will now air nationally on SB Nation Radio! Roc and Manuch will now air Monday-Friday 2pm-5:30pm on AM 1060, which is the home of SB Nation Radio. The guys will be national from 2pm-5pm on the network. The new year also brings the return of the show name "Calling All Sports".
Mike Muraco "ROC" has over 30 years of experience in the sports industry specializing in sports marketing, media, and public relations. He has held various positions both professional and collegiate ranks, Indianapolis Colts, NFL Properties, Arizona Fall League, Phoenix Firebirds, Oakland A's and the University of Pennsylvania. Roc has been an on-air sports radio host since 1997 on KHEP NBC 1280AM, KMVP ESPN 860AM, KQFN 1580 The Fanatic, and twice at NBC Sports Radio AM KDUS 1060. Roc launched The Fanatic two years ago as the VP of Sales and Programming along with hosting the Drivetime show with Manuch. In addition to on air, he has held various sales and marketing positions at KASW-TV, KTVK-TV and Cable West. He is the former Executive Director of National Football Foundation Valley of the Sun Chapter and has been Fiesta Bowl Committee member for over 20 years. He has owned On-Air Sports Marketing for the past 16 years. mike@onairsportsmarketing.com
Dan Manucci "MANUCH" earned a football scholarship from Kansas State University where he led the Big 8 in passing his senior year and was named 1978 All-Big 8 Honorable Mention. Manuch was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the 5th round in 1979 and played QB for the Bills in 1979-80, 87, Toronto Argonauts 1981 and Arizona Wranglers of the USFL 1983. Manuch has TV and radio experience with the Cardinals, Sun Devils, Rattlers and High School Football. He is on the Advisory Board of National Football Foundation Valley of the Sun Chapter and participates in the local NFL Retired Players Association. He has been a co-host with Roc since 2004 and color guy for High School Football every Friday night on AIA Radio Network. dan36@cox.net
Producer Chris Schubert began his career in radio as a graduate of the Walter Cronkite school of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University. He has both hosted and produced morning drive time programs in the Phoenix market, with the former happening at NBC Sports 1060 and the latter at 1580 The Fanatic. He also has held positions as an audio director for a sports media company and been a member of various promotions teams during his career in radio. schubertchris25@gmail.com
Listen Live Monday-Friday 2pm-5:30pm
ROC AND MANUCH'S GREAT PARTNERS:


"You have a right to exist and a responsibility to grow and be yourself." This is the message of the tree of life, which is featured on this beautiful tapestry. The background is hand-dyed with a center tree and border printed on top. The bright colors used in this tapestry would make it perfect for hanging on a wall, covering a table, bed or even be used as a curtain. We get these 100% cotton tapestries from the artists in India.


text:
ATS reports $4.1M Q3 profit, revenue up 14 per cent
February 5, 2020 by The Canadian Press
ATS Automation Tooling Systems Inc. reported a profit of $4.1 million in its latest quarter as its revenue grew 14 per cent compared with a year earlier.
The company's profit amounted to four cents per share for the quarter ended Dec. 29 compared with a profit of $25.1 million or 27 cents per share a year earlier.
Revenue in what was the company's third quarter totalled $367.2 million, up from $321.4 million.
Excluding revenue from acquisitions, third-quarter revenue at ATS was up five per cent compared with a year ago.
ATS says it earned an adjusted profit 26 cents per share in its latest quarter, down from an adjusted profit of 33 cents per share a year earlier.
Analysts on average had expected a adjusted profit of 22 cents per share for the quarter, according to financial markets.
Auto parts maker Magna International reduces profit guidance for 2019
Eclipse Automation expands into Europe
ATS Automation acquires IT provider for industrial manufacturing analytics
Feds investing up to $5M to scale automobility innovation for Windsor manufacturers
Omron releases mobile robot with 250-kg payload
Siemens earnings dip on weakness in autos, energy industries


text:
More from Globe Opinion
Meet the Editorial Board
Globe Op-Talks
The people push to be heard loud and clear through ballot initiatives
Updated October 24, 2021, 2:30 a.m.
Petitioners Derek Power, left, and Bridget Fay, middle, gathered signatures in the Roche Brothers parking lot in Wellesley in September 2011 for a ballot initiative to repeal the individual mandate in health care reform. Richard Carolan, of Wellesley, right, read the petition.Michele McDonald for The Boston/Globe Freelance
California offers a cautionary tale for such efforts
If Jeff Jacoby were a conservative commentator here in California, I doubt he would support ballot initiatives as he did in his column "Why Beacon Hill resents ballot activists" (Ideas, Oct. 17). California's experience offers a cautionary tale for Massachusetts.
Our bloated budgets result in significant part from ballot initiatives meant to enrich special interests at the expense of taxpayers. Getting signatures seems easy, since the initiatives promise wonderful benefits to something everyone loves, such as education or the environment, and the sponsors spend big money harvesting signatures and buying TV ads. Special interests reportedly spent more than $785 million to sway voters for or against 2020 ballot proposals. The costly initiatives obscure the actual beneficiaries behind them. These initiatives look like grass-roots efforts but they're not.
If I still lived in Massachusetts (I was a longtime resident of Huntington), I would urge reformers to abandon ballot initiatives and to improve government the old-fashioned way: by holding politicians to a high standard — not just elected officials in the other party but also those in their own party.
Stephen Sossaman
Burbank, Calif.
Citizen-driven law-making is no panacea
Re "Why Beacon Hill resents ballot activists": In Massachusetts, we tend to elect governors who counterbalance the Legislature's worst behaviors, which are legion and systemic. Given the Legislature's demonstrated ability to slow-walk, or no-walk, a passed initiative, the referendum is more of a high-cost voter opinion poll than a law-making avenue.
Citizen-driven law-making, however, is no panacea. Look to California as an example where the referendum is popular — and the cause of many a bad, interest-group- or emotion-driven statute.
Bottom line, we should get rid of the referendum security blanket so that the people focus their anger and ambitions where it counts: with their votes for their legislators and governor.
Mark Lohr
He's spearheaded petitions and finds fault in the Legislature
"Why Beacon Hill resents ballot activists" was an excellent explanation of the process involved. I can applaud this, since I twice initiated such petitions. On the second attempt, as chairman of the Coalition to Repeal 40B in 2010, I was among the select few in 120 years to get my petition on the ballot.
The glaring fault is in the Legislature, which often fails in a timely fashion to process the bill that the initially gathered signatures created. There are petitions presented by special-interest organizations that come with deep treasuries funding large, organized staffs, but there are many that are true grass-roots efforts of average citizens with little funding but willing workers. We were one of those.
As shown in the campaign finance records, the amount of money we spent per vote was about 5 cents, while the opposition, with its vested interest, spent more than a dollar per vote, defeating the petition.
John Belskis
Lawmakers, governor resist voices of the people
Jeff Jacoby's column on the importance of the Massachusetts initiative petition process and how challenging it is for average citizens to have their voice heard was timed perfectly. As a volunteer, I have spent many weekends organizing people and collecting signatures. I am familiar with the hurdles elected officials put up to make it nearly impossible for everyday people to be heard without having to hire expensive consulting firms to collect signatures with professional gatherers.
One of the easiest ways to fix the process is to extend the time period to collect the more than 80,000 signatures required. Right now, that window is approximately two months. Extending that to four months would allow more citizen voices to be heard.
Unfortunately, it would seem that House Speaker Ron Mariano, Senate President Karen Spilka, and Governor Charlie Baker all view the citizen initiative petition process as a threat to their records. Mariano and Spilka, for example, still refuse to enact the state tax deduction for charitable contributions, despite its passing with more than 65 percent of the vote in 2000.
Baker won office in 2014 supporting a ballot question to stop the indexing of the gas tax. Fast-forward to today, and the governor is spearheading a gas tax scheme known as the Transportation and Climate Initiative, or TCI. Voters are trying to put a challenge to Baker's TCI effort on the ballot in 2022.
More citizens need to view the petition process as a way to be heard and hold the powerful accountable.
C.J. Gangi
It's signature-gathering season, and she's been inspired by efforts she's seen
Jeff Jacoby's recent column did a great service in explaining the grueling process of successfully petitioning for a ballot question.
This signature-gathering season, I've been working with people on three questions: requiring an ID to vote, protecting newborn health care, and stopping the TCI gas tax. The volunteers collecting signatures for these are heroes in my book. At a time when there is much that conspires to separate us, one from another, these folks are engaged in the tough but important work of community building.
Thanks to Jacoby for bringing a discussion of the initiative petition process to the pages of the Globe, and thanks to the hundreds of clipboard-carrying volunteers across the Commonwealth bringing civil political discourse to shopping centers.
Wendy Wakeman
Globe Opinion


text:
Історія
Край створений 2009 року в ході адміністративно-територіальної реформи з частини Кулдізького району.

Адміністративний поділ
Алсунгський край не має поділу на адміністративно-територіальні одиниці волосного рівня.

Населення
Національний склад краю за результатами перепису населення Латвії 2011 року.

Примітки

Посилання

 Офіційний сайт краю Латвійської Республіки


Brand strategist, global marketer, writer, and strategic advisor helping startups grow into sustainable businesses.
Sam worked with major corporations, global entrepreneurs, investors, and leading members of entrepreneurial and business ecosystems over 3 continents, contributing to their journey from early projects to actual outcomes (whether revenue, growth or building national programs).
His journey involved building and leading IBM Global Entrepreneur France, accompanying, directly, more than 130 startups, taking part in the building of La FrenchTech (France's national entrepreneurial initiative), contributing to Startup Lithuania and working with ecosystems in North America, Europe and Asia.


text:
Your Name. – Gestern, heute und für immer (jap. , dt. "Dein Name ist.") ist ein japanischer, animierter Coming-of-Age-Film des japanischen Regisseurs Makoto Shinkai, animiert vom Studio CoMix Wave Films und vertrieben von Toho, der am 3. Juli 2016 auf der Anime Expo 2016 in Los Angeles seine Premiere feierte und am 26. August 2016 in die japanischen Kinos kam.

Für das Charakterdesign war Masayoshi Tanaka und für die Musik die J-Rockband Radwimps zuständig. Zum Film erschien auch vorher am 18. Juni 2016 ein von Shinkai verfasster Roman.

Your Name. erhielt insgesamt sehr positive Kritiken, wobei besonders die Animationen und die emotionale Auswirkung auf die Zuschauer gelobt wurden. Nach den Einspielergebnissen an den Kinokassen war Your Name. mit bislang mehr als 382 Mio. US-Dollar der weltweit erfolgreichste Animefilm und löste damit Chihiros Reise ins Zauberland ab, bevor er 2020 von Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Movie: Mugen Train (Stand Januar 2023: 453 Mio. US-Dollar) übertroffen wurde. Gleichzeitig ist Your Name. in Japan der dritterfolgreichste einheimisch produzierte Film; der fünfterfolgreichste, wenn die internationalen Titel hinzugerechnet werden.

Der deutschsprachige Kinostart wurde vom deutschen Lizenznehmer Universum Anime für den 11. und 14. Januar 2018 unter dem Titel Your Name. – Gestern, heute und für immer mit deutscher Synchronisation in über 150 deutschen und 18 österreichischen Kinos als Eventprogrammierung angekündigt, je nach Standort auch zusätzlich auf Japanisch mit deutschen Untertiteln. Aufgrund des großen Andrangs wurden vorerst fünf weitere Spieltage im Januar 2018 ergänzt, ehe der reguläre Kinostart ab 1. Februar 2018 begann. Der Roman ist am 5. Oktober 2017 bei Egmont Manga auf Deutsch erschienen.

Handlung

Die Oberschülerin Mitsuha aus der kleinen Stadt Itomori in der Provinz Hida wünscht sich aus Frust über ihr langweiliges Leben auf dem Land, dass sie in ihrem nächsten Leben als gutaussehender Junge in Tokio wiedergeboren werden solle. Später erwacht Taki, ein Oberschüler aus Tokio, und muss feststellen, dass er Mitsuha ist, welche auf sonderbare Weise in Takis Körper gewechselt hat.

Taki und Mitsuha stellen fest, dass sie beide in die Körper des anderen gewechselt haben. Der Wechsel tritt zwei- bis dreimal pro Woche für jeweils einen Tag auf. Daraufhin hinterlassen sie einander Notizen auf Papier oder digitale auf dem Handy des anderen, um miteinander zu kommunizieren. Nach anfänglichen Schwierigkeiten gewöhnen sich die beiden an den Körpertausch und greifen immer mehr in das Leben des anderen ein. Mitsuha hilft Taki, einer von ihm verehrten Mitarbeiterin, Miki Okudera, näher zu kommen und sie schließlich auf ein Date einzuladen, während Taki Mitsuha hilft, in ihrer Schule beliebter zu werden. Mitsuha erzählt Taki über ein bevorstehendes Ereignis, an dem der Komet Tiamat der Erde sehr nahe kommen soll und dass sie sich schon auf den Anblick freut, da dieser Tag zusätzlich mit dem Matsuri (Volksfest) ihrer Heimatgemeinde zusammenfällt.

Am Tag der Kometensichtung versucht Taki nach einem verpatzten ersten Date mit Miki Mitsuha zu erreichen, was misslingt. Den Kometen kann er am Abend nicht sehen, aber Mitsuha aus ihrem Dorf schon und sieht dabei wie ein Stück des Kometen auseinanderbricht. Danach wird Taki klar, dass die Körpertausche aufgehört haben, und er beschließt, Mitsuha in ihrer Stadt zu besuchen. Ohne jedoch den Namen der Stadt zu kennen, reist er durch das ländliche Japan, lediglich die Zeichnungen der Landschaft, die Taki aus dem Gedächtnis reproduzierte, als Orientierung mitführend. Schließlich erkennt ein Restaurantangestellter die Stadt auf den Zeichnungen als Itomori. Er erklärt Taki, dass der Komet Tiamat vor 3 Jahren beim Vorbeifliegen an der Erde auseinanderbrach und ein Fragment Itomori komplett zerstörte sowie ein Drittel der Bevölkerung dabei tötete. Taki durchforstet die Aufzeichnungen und muss feststellen, dass unter den Opfern auch Mitsuhas Name zu finden ist.

Im Versuch, sich erneut mit Mitsuha in Verbindung zu setzen, besucht Taki den Familienschrein von Mitsuha. Nachdem ihm klar wird, dass seine und Mitsuhas Zeitlinien die ganze Zeit asynchron abliefen, trinkt Taki den "Kuchikamizake" (ein heiliger Sake, in der deutschen Übersetzung "Göttermund-Sake" genannt), der von Mitsuha hergestellt und als Opfergabe zurückgelassen wurde. Dadurch erhofft er sich, wieder in ihren Körper zu gelangen, bevor der Komet die Stadt trifft. Tatsächlich erwacht er in ihrem Körper und stellt fest, dass er noch Zeit hat, die Bewohner von Itomori zu retten. Die Großmutter von Mitsuha erklärt, dass dieser Körpertausch bereits seit vielen Generationen in der Familie vorkam, zuletzt bei Mitsuhas Mutter. Taki meint, dies würde auf diese Katastrophe hindeuten, damit er sie verhindert. Nachdem er Mitsuhas Freunde überzeugt hat, wird er von ihnen dabei unterstützt, die Stadt zu evakuieren. Taki (als Mitsuha) gelingt es nicht, ihren Vater, den Bürgermeister, zu überzeugen, die Stadt mithilfe der Feuerwehr zu evakuieren. Während die Freunde ihren Teil des Plans durchführen, erkennt Taki, dass Mitsuha in seinem Körper beim Schrein stecken könnte, und eilt dorthin, um sie zu treffen.

Mitsuhas Geist erwacht in Takis Körper und sie wandert auf den Kraterwall, in dessen Zentrum der Schrein liegt. Obwohl sie beide die Präsenz des jeweils anderen in der Nähe verspüren, können sie sich nicht sehen, da sie immer noch zeitlich asynchron sind. Als die Sonne untergeht und die Dämmerung eintritt, werden Taki und Mitsuha in ihre eigenen Körper zurückbefördert und können nun einander sehen. Taki beschwört Mitsuha, ihren von ihr entfremdeten Vater, den Bürgermeister von Itomori, zu überzeugen, die Stadt zu evakuieren. Die beiden beschließen, ihre Namen auf die Hände des anderen zu schreiben, um diese nicht wieder zu vergessen, nachdem sie in ihre Zeitlinien zurückkehren. Mitsuha verschwindet jedoch, noch bevor sie ihren Namen schreiben konnte. Beide bemühen sich krampfhaft, sich an den Namen des anderen zu erinnern, aber die Erinnerung daran und an die gemeinsamen Erlebnisse verschwinden. Als Mitsuha schon beinahe aufgibt, stellt sie fest, dass Taki anstelle seines Namens "Ich liebe dich" auf ihre Hand geschrieben hat. Mitsuha sucht durch die neu gefundene Stärke ihren Vater auf.

Acht Jahre später (fünf Jahre aus Takis Sicht) zeigt sich, dass alle Einwohner von Itomori damals erfolgreich gerettet werden konnten, da Mitsuha offenbar ihren Vater rechtzeitig von einer Evakuierung überzeugen konnte. Taki hat mittlerweile den Abschluss der Universität geschafft und versucht nun, einen Job zu finden, aber er hat immer noch das Gefühl, dass ihm etwas sehr Wichtiges abhandengekommen ist. Er fühlt sich von Gegenständen, die mit Itomori zu tun haben, angezogen, wie Zeitschriften oder Leute, die ihm bekannt vorkommen (und die er damals in Mitsuhas Körper tatsächlich kennengelernt hatte). Während Taki und Mitsuha in zwei Zügen reisen, erblicken sie sich, als die Züge aneinander vorbeifahren. An den nächsten Haltestellen steigen sie aus und laufen zurück, um sich wiederzufinden. Am Ende treffen sich die beiden auf einer Treppe und fragen einander, aus einem Gefühl der Vertrautheit heraus, nach ihren Namen.

Synchronisation
Die deutsche Sprachfassung wurde von der Münchner Synchronfirma Mo Synchron erstellt. Mit Matthias von Stegmann wurde ein Halbjapaner für das Dialogbuch und die Dialogregie verpflichtet.

Produktion
Als Inspiration für Your Name. werden die Geschlechtertausch-Manga Boku wa Mari no Naka und Ranma ½, der Roman Torikaebaya Monogatari aus der Heian-Zeit, sowie Greg Egans Kurzgeschichte The Safe-Deposit Box genannt.

Die Stadt Itomori ist fiktiv, aber es wurden reale Orte für Hintergründe im Film herangezogen, hierunter etwa die Stadt Hida in der Präfektur Gifu und deren Stadtbibliothek.

Musik

Yōjirō Noda, der Leadsänger der J-Rockband Radwimps, komponierte die Titelmusik zum Film. Regisseur Makoto Shinkai bat ihn, die Musik in einer Art und Weise zu kreieren, dass "die Musik die Dialoge oder Monologe der Charakter ergänzen solle". Insgesamt werden im Film vier Lieder von Radwimps verwendet:
 Zenzenzense ()
 Sparkle ( Supākuru)
 Nandemonaiya ()
 Dream Lantern ( Yume Tōrō)

Der Soundtrack kam bei Publikum und Kritikern gut an und wird auch als Teil des großen Erfolgs an den Kinokassen gehandelt. Bei den Newtype Anime Awards 2016 wurde er in der Kategorie als "Beste Filmmusik" nominiert, sowie das Lied Zenzenzense in der Kategorie "Bestes Titellied".

Veröffentlichung

Kino
Die Filmpremiere auf der Anime Expo 2016 in Los Angeles fand am 3. Juli 2016 statt, die Kinoveröffentlichung in Japan am 26. August 2016. In weiteren 92 Ländern sollte ebenfalls eine Veröffentlichung erfolgen. Um sich für die kommende Oscarverleihung zu qualifizieren, wurde der Film für eine Woche im Dezember 2016 in Los Angeles veröffentlicht. 2017 soll durch Funimation in den USA schließlich eine breitere Veröffentlichung erfolgen.

Die deutsche Kinoveröffentlichung des Films durch Universum Anime war nur als Eventscreening für den 11. und 14. Januar 2018 in über 170 Kinos in Deutschland und Österreich geplant gewesen. In manchen Kinos wurde der Film wahlweise auf Deutsch oder im Original mit deutschen Untertiteln angeboten. Aufgrund des Erfolges wurden weitere Vorstellungstage je nach Kinokette, Standort und Bedarf ergänzt. Die Zusatztermine wurden an den vier folgenden Donnerstagen und Sonntagen im Januar, sowie am 30. Januar 2018 festgesetzt. Die Untertitel-Fassung wurde meist nur am Donnerstag aufgeführt. In der zweiten Woche nahmen in Deutschland an der Eventprogrammierung 16 Kinos mehr als die 153 davor teil. Die Filmagentur "24 Bilder", die den Kinovertrieb übernahm, startete aufgrund des phänomenalen ersten Wochenergebnisses den Film ab 1. Februar 2018 regulär in den Kinos.

Heimvideo

Der Film erschien am 18. Mai 2018 auf DVD, Blu-ray sowie 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray auf Deutsch bei Universum Anime. Die DVD und die Blu-ray erschienen in einer normalen Edition in einer Amaray-Hülle, während die Blu-ray zusätzlich in einer auf 6.000 Einheiten limitierten "Collector's Edition" veröffentlicht wurde, die ein 100-seitiges Beiheft/Booklet, Artcards, ein Armband und eine Soundtrack-Audio-CD des Filmes beinhaltet. Die Ultra HD Blu-ray mit HDR ist in einer limitierten Steelbook-Edition zusammen mit einer Blu-ray des Filmes und Artcards erschienen. Die limitierten Editionen weisen dabei 2 andere Cover-Artworks auf als die normalen Editionen. Die limitierten Editionen haben auf der Blu-ray Disc digitale Extras dabei – darunter zwei Mal das Opening ohne Texteinblendungen, jeweils mit dem japanischen und englischen Titellied untermalt –, die in den normalen Amarays fehlen.

Fernsehen
In Japan strahlte der Fernsehsender TV Asahi den Film zum ersten Mal am 3. Januar 2018 im nicht-bezahlpflichtigen Fernsehen aus. Für die Ausstrahlung in der japanischen Primetime wurde der Abspann von Shinkai gekürzt und visuell mit Szenen aus dem Film begleitet. Zur Einstimmung auf den Film wurden in den zwei Tagen zuvor Shinkais vorherigen vier Filme, sowie zur Film-Ausstrahlung selbst der Kurz- bzw. Werbefilm Cross Road (2014; auch von Shinkai) – der eine Inspiration für Your Name. war –, ausgestrahlt. Der Film stellte dabei neue japanische Fernseh-Rekorde von Filmen auf, seitdem zeitversetztes Fernsehen mitberechnet wird (seit Oktober 2016): 17,4 % Marktanteil während der Ausstrahlung, sowie 26,3 % Marktanteil inkl. zeitversetztem Fernsehen bis zu 7 Tagen.

Der deutsche Free-TV-Sender ProSieben Maxx erwarb die Lizenz zur Fernsehauswertung von Your Name. und zeigte ihn am 25. Dezember 2018 in der Primetime erstmals auf Deutsch. Der Film wurde inklusive Abspann und den Angaben zur Synchronisation ausgestrahlt, und schaffte es aufgrund der Ausstrahlung auf Twitter mit dem Hashtag "YourName" auf Platz zwei der deutschlandweiten Trends. Your Name. hatte die höchste Zuschaueranzahl des Tages beim Sender und erreichte laut Quotenmessung 1,9 % Marktanteil bei der Zielgruppe der 14- bis 49-Jährigen bei 240.000 Gesamtzuschauern.

Rezeption

Einspielergebnisse
Your Name. wurde zu einem riesigen Erfolg, besonders in Japan und später in China. Mittlerweile (Stand: 01/2023) wurden weltweit über 382 Millionen US-Dollar eingespielt, davon 234 Mio. US-Dollar alleine in Japan.
Derzeit ist er der fünfterfolgreichste Film nach Einspielergebnissen in Japan (ungeachtet des Produktionslandes) und der dritterfolgreichste japanische Animefilm weltweit. Ebenso ist es der erste Animefilm, der nicht von Hayao Miyazaki als Regisseur gemacht wurde, der mehr als 100 Mio. US-Dollar an den japanischen Kinokassen einbrachte.

Am ersten Spieltag erzielte Your Name. mit 20.000 Besuchern in 153 deutschen Kinos ein Einspielergebnis von 235.000 Euro und belegte damit Platz zwei (nach Einspielergebnis) bzw. drei (nach Besucheranzahl) der Donnerstag-Kinocharts, nach Star Wars: Die letzten Jedi (22.000 Besucher/265.000 Euro) bzw. The Commuter (22.100 Besucher/200.000 Euro). In der ersten Woche hatte der Film insgesamt rund 65.000 Besucher in den deutschen Kinos und spielte damit etwa 800.000 Euro ein. Damit erreichte Your Name. Platz sieben (nach Einspiel) bzw. neun (nach Besuchern) in den Wochenend-Kinocharts (Donnerstag–Sonntag). Am zweiten Wochenende sahen sich etwa 19.500 Besucher den Film an und der Film erreichte Platz 15 (nach Einspiel) bzw. 18 (nach Besuchern) der Wochenend-Charts. Mit den 237.500 Euro Einspiel an den zwei zusätzlichen Tagen bei nun 169 aufführenden Kinos, brach der Film mit insgesamt 84.365 Zuschauern die 1-Million-Euro-Marke am deutschen Kinomarkt. Der Film spielte etwa 1,16 Mio. Euro bei über 100.000 Besuchern in Deutschland ein. In Österreich sahen 1.215 Besucher den Film am 11. Januar 2018; weitere 2.442 Tickets wurden am 14. Januar 2018 verkauft und brachten Your Name. auf den 15. Platz in den österreichischen Wochenend-Kinocharts (Freitag–Sonntag). Zusammen sahen über 105.000 Menschen den Film in deutschen und österreichischen Kinos.

Kritiken
Die Kritiken zu Your Name. fielen allgemein wohlwollend aus. Auf Rotten Tomatoes wird der Film mit 97 % Zustimmung aus 100 Kritiken geführt und durchschnittlich mit 8,2/10 bewertet. Über 10.000 Nutzer bewerteten den Film und gaben durchschnittlich eine Zuschauerbewertung von 4,6/5, während 94 % von ihnen der Film gefiel. Auf Metacritic zeigt sich ein Ergebnis von 79 von 100 Punkten aus 25 Kritiken, was allgemeinem Zuspruch entspricht. Mehr als 380 Nutzer hinterließen eine Zuschauerbewertung und gaben Your Name. durchschnittlich 9,0/10.

Auszeichnungen
Der Film erhielt folgende Auszeichnungen und Nominierungen:

Bilder

Adaptionen

Romane
Der Roman zum Film wurde begleitend zur Filmproduktion von Shinkai selbst verfasst. Er erschien bereits am 18. Juni 2016 (ISBN 978-4-04-102622-9) beim Imprint Kadokawa Bunko unter demselben Titel wie der Film, etwa zwei Wochen vor der Filmpremiere und über zwei Monate vor dem japanischen Kinostart. In Deutschland erschien der Roman bei Egmont Manga am 5. Oktober 2017. Der Roman erschien bloß als your name. – Roman im Handel; der deutsche Untertitel des Films wurde erst nach der Roman-Veröffentlichung von Universum Anime bekanntgegeben. Besucher der Connichi 2017 konnten schon vom 22. bis 24. September den Roman käuflich erwerben. Der Roman beschreibt die Filmhandlung aus der Sicht von Mitsuha und Taki.

Eine weitere gleichnamige Fassung wurde am 15. August 2016 (ISBN 978-4-04-631641-7) beim Kindertaschenbuch-Imprint Kadokawa Tsubasa Bunko verlegt. Dieser richtet sich an Kinder im Grundschulalter und bietet daher Lesehilfen (Furigana). Die Illustrationen stammen von Chīko.

Am 1. August 2016 erschien beim Light-Novel-Imprint Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko in Japan das Begleitwerk Kimi no Na wa. Another Side:Earthbound (; ISBN 978-4-04-104659-3). Darin wird aus der Sicht von Mitsuhas Freunden und Familie erzählt. Als Autor fungierte Arata Kanō, während das Cover von Masayoshi Tanaka und die Illustrationen von Hiyori Asahikawa gezeichnet wurden. Tanaka war bereits beim Film in mehreren Funktionen tätig, u. a. als Character Designer.

Eine deutsche Übersetzung der letzten beide Romane wurde nicht angekündigt.

Manga
Am 23. August und 23. Dezember 2016, sowie am 22. April 2017 erschien die dreibändige Manga-Adaption in Japan. Als Autor war wieder Shinkai zuständig, die Zeichnungen entstammen jedoch Ranmaru Kotone. Egmont Manga veröffentlichte die Manga-Adaption am 5. Oktober 2017, 7. Dezember 2017 und Februar 2018 unter dem Titel your name. auf Deutsch. Der erste Mangaband war wie der Roman schon auf der Connichi 2017 vorab erhältlich.

Basierend auf Kanōs gleichnamiger Light Novel erscheint seit dem 25. Juli 2017 eine Manga-Adaption von Kimi no Na wa. Another Side:Earthbound in der Manga-App  Cycomi (auch Cycomics genannt) mit Zeichnungen von Junya Nakamura. Die Kapitel werden in Japan auch gebündelt in Bänden herausgegeben; am 23. Februar 2018 erschien der erste Band. Der Manga ist am 4. April 2019 als your name. Another Side: Earthbound bei Egmont Manga auf Deutsch erschienen.

Realverfilmung
Am 27. September 2017 wurde bekannt, dass J. J. Abrams die Rechte für eine Hollywood-Realfilmadaption bei Bad Robot Productions erworben hat. Das Drehbuch wird von Eric Heisserer geschrieben und der Film von Paramount Pictures vertrieben. Laut Heisserer wollen die japanischen Rechteinhaber eine westliche, amerikanische Erzählung des Stoffes, da sie von einer japanischen Verfilmung absahen. Heisserer wurde aus mindestens 20 Personen ausgesucht, die jeweils eine Idee für die Verfilmung vorgeschlagen haben.

Weblinks

 Website des Films (japanisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2016
Anime-Film
Jugendfilm
Fantasyfilm
Körpertausch im Film
Komet im Film
Literaturverfilmung nach Autor (Japan)


text:
What Ever Happened to Fresh Cream?
"If you believe in progress, this may change your mind."
Griffin Smith Jr.
https://www.texasmonthly.com/food/what-ever-happened-to-fresh-cream/
From the December 1975 Issue Subscribe
Fresh cream. The words bring back memories of grandmother topping her strawberry shortcake with a luxurious dollop. Churning rich homemade ice cream on a Saturday afternoon. What could be fresher than real cream? Well, these days almost anything could.
"Things are seldom what they seem / Skim milk masquerades as cream," sang Buttercup to the Captain in H.M.S. Pinafore. The seemingly fresh cream you buy today isn't skim milk, but neither is it fresh. More than likely it came from an assembly line in California, or Missouri, or Sulphur Springs, Texas. (That's if you buy what is labeled as cream. If you buy one of the so-called non-dairy creamers, it may have started life in a soybean patch in the Panhandle—a possibility that Gilbert and Sullivan mercifully never had to consider.)
Progress—in the form of a process known as Ultra High Temperature (UHT) treatment—is taking traditional fresh cream off grocery shelves at a dismaying rate. Dairies are substituting the new product in the same cartons they formerly used for the real thing, merely changing the fine print to include the legally required words "ultra-pasteurized" or "sterilized." If consumers will swallow sterilized cream, the dairy industry hopes someday to apply the same treatment to milk. The goal is a liquid so totally processed that it can sit around for months without refrigeration—turning dairy products, in the words of one industry writer, into something that could be stored with "soft drinks on the same shelf in the markets." If that sounds unappetizing, consider what has happened already.
In a blue metal and beige brick building on the north side of IH 30 in Sulphur Springs, the Specialty Foods plant of the Southland Corporation houses the only UHT cream plant in Texas. Wearing a blue baseball cap, production manager Jim Morgan oversees an aseptic process in which 175- degree cream is heated to 285 degrees by steam infusion, held at that temperature for exactly four seconds, and then transferred to a flash chamber that reduces it to 175 degrees again almost instantly, thereby destroying most bacteria and rendering it practically sterile. The cream is then homogenized, cooled, and stored.
Specialty Foods prepares UHT cream for twenty different dairies, doing the whole job right down to using each one's distinctive carton. Trucks carry the finished product to ten states—as far east as Paducah, Kentucky, as far west as Colorado Springs and Albuquerque, as far north as Wichita, Kansas—in a colossal version of the milkman's morning run. Unopened, the little cartons will last six weeks or more, compared to the ten-day shelf life of fresh cream.
UHT is the pride and joy of the dairy business. If you don't believe that, visit the Texas A&M Library and leaf through the imposing collection of dairy periodicals there (Journal of Dairy Science, Butter & Cheese Journal, Die Milchwissenschaft, Milch-Zeitung, Le Lait, Goat World). You will hear its praises sung, sometimes rhapsodically, as in this stirring tribute from the Southern Dairy Products Journal:
In the beginning there was raw milk and cream, and people died from disease borne by dairy products; And along came pasteurization and the children stayed healthy.
But the mothers complained because the cream soured; and they turned to false Gods.
And along came sterilized dairy products and the mothers were happy again.
Actually, if the truth be told, it was the dairy business' own accounting departments and not the mothers who did most of the complaining. Unsold products, or "returns," are a chronic liability for dairies, who have no choice except to remove them from supermarket shelves and dispose of them once they have soured. Cream has never sold as well as milk, so the industry looks on UHT sterilization as a heaven-sent way of prolonging the shelf life of a troublesome product. Once they've gotten rid of it (by placing it on a retail shelf) they don't want it back. They want you to take it. And with UHT, they have devised a way to keep it sitting there until you do take it. For six weeks, if necessary.
"It's common knowledge that cream sales in the fluid milk industry dropped because it wouldn't keep," says John Speer of the Milk Industry Foundation, a lobbying association in Washington. Thanks to UHT, "dairy sales are climbing back and cutting into the vegetable fat business"—the Cool Whips, the Cereal Blends, and the other false gods of whom the poet spoke. In the past three years, dairies have stampeded to the doorsteps of the UHT cream processors. The idea that they have done so to keep mothers happy is largely a convenient fiction, since once UHT cream is opened it goes sour about as quickly as the fresh kind. The difference is in its shelf life before it is opened; and except for the rare mother who stockpiles her refrigerator with unopened cream for weeks in advance, the real beneficiary of UHT is the dairy distributor.
There really is no mystery about what is wrong with sterilized, ultra-pasteurized cream. It tastes funny, and it's hard to whip. Dairy people are coy about the first point, but they concede the second. If you listen closely, you may even hear them making a virtue of its whiplessness. "It's actually better than fresh cream," suggested one proponent of UHT, "because if you whip the old kind long enough it might turn to butter." One imagines grandmother weeping softly in the corner: "Oh, mercy! What will I do with this butter?" If you whip the sterilized product long enough, by contrast, it might turn to whipped cream.
Of the nation's leading food critics, only Boston's Julia Child confessed to us that she had come to terms with the stuff. "I may say that when I first heard of it, I was absolutely horrified. I said, 'What are they doing to us, giving us super-sterilized cream, and wah, wah wah!' And then I got some and used it and I find it whips up perfectly well… I always put a tray of ice cubes in a bowl and cover them with water, and then stick a stainless steel bowl in that, and always whip it over ice. I think you'll have no trouble if you do that. I find also that it turns perfectly well into crème fraîche. The only thing is, it doesn't have much taste if you use it alone over strawberries; but in that case I think the thing to do is stir in some confectioners' sugar and a little rum or vanilla, to give it a little added taste."
On the other hand, Craig Claiborne, food critic of the New York Times, told us he hated it. "It is just disastrous to try to get that stuff to whip. If you get it to whip at all, you have to chill your beater, your bowl, and the whole works. It's abhorrent, absolutely, that they're foisting this thing off on the American public."
Claiborne is equally charmed by its flavor. "It tastes like condensed milk," he says. "Any place you use it, any recipe, it's going to alter the flavor. It won't be like fresh. Thank God I live in an area [East Hampton, Long Island] where there's a dairy farm close by so I don't have to buy the stuff."
Most, but not all, food authorities share Claiborne's view. James Beard does not cook with UHT cream, nor does he use it in his teaching classes. Helen Corbitt, food consultant for Neiman-Marcus and author of numerous cookbooks, says, "I personally don't use it if I can help it. I find that it does not whip as well, and if I put it into sauces that call for heating the cream I don't get the same kind of consistency. If you're making a mousse you get a different texture."
Jean LaFont, the head chef at Dallas' celebrated Oz restaurant, wrestles with the problem constantly. "When I came to this country from France and tried to make the same recipes," he says, "quickly I understood the whipping cream was not the same quality, so I had to adjust myself. There are many, many problems… each recipe demands a different adjustment."
One of Houston's top French restaurants had so much trouble whipping UHT cream that the chef reluctantly switched to Redi-Whip, an aerosol product. Ann Clark, the director of a successful cooking school in Austin, buys unhomogenized raw milk in health food stores in order to skim off the top cream for sauces. Ice cream manufacturers like Blue Bell avoid UHT products. A spokesman at Baskin-Robbins' plant in Bryan said "the home office won't let us use" anything but the fresh, unsterilized variety, which is purchased directly from a dairy cooperative.
Articles in dairy periodicals describe the flavor of UHT cream as "cooked" or "cabbage," a result of volatile sulfur compounds or free sulfahydryl groups liberated by the sterilization process. Some of this off-flavor is removed by de-aerating the cream later on, and more is released by packaging the finished product in paper cartons—instead of cans, which "lock in" a similar flavor to condensed milk. Much current dairy research is devoted to devising a technology that might produce a fresh-tasting sterilized product.
Less attention has been given to the nutritional effects of slugging a delicate cream with 285-degree heat. That can't make a vitamin very happy. And British dairy researchers have observed that UHT processing "might cause impairment of protein quality" for consumers.
But, actually, as long as the resulting cream isn't poisonous or radioactive, the question of nutrition is not really all that urgent. Anyone who set about to get his essential nutrients from whipping cream would soon weigh at least 500 pounds and have more serious problems to worry about.
All but a handful of Texas dairies now quietly distribute some version of sterilized cream. If you buy from Knowlton's (in San Antonio), Land O' Pines (in Lufkin), or Borden (in Lubbock), the cream you get has been shipped in from the production lines of Mid America Dairymen, Inc., in Lebanon, Missouri. If you buy from Schepps Dairy (in Dallas) or Meadow Gold (in Fort Worth), it comes from Avoset Food Corporation in California. If you buy from Crescent Valley Creamery (in Victoria), Wholesome Dairy (in El Paso), or Foremost (in Fort Worth), it comes from Specialty Foods. Regardless of the label, you can usually identify the true source by checking the code number on the package; cartons from the Missouri plant carry the printed code 29-528 on the side panel, and cartons from Specialty Foods are incised on top with the digits 480917.
In some cities—Austin and San Antonio are two—every commercial dairy has switched to sterilized cream, so the genuine article can no longer be found at any price. Houston is virtually in the same category. Those that have switched to UHT would like for you to believe they had no choice; the vice-president of Crescent Valley Creamery, for example, argues that "the cost per unit is prohibitive. The consumer would not be willing to bear the cost of processing a fresh whipping cream, even though there is no question the taste is superior."
Fortunately, however, there are still a few holdout dairies in Texas which disagree with such accounting. Number one among them—our candidate for some kind of Distinguished Conduct Medal—is Hygeia Dairy Company in Harlingen. Hygeia tried the sterilized cream a few years ago, found their customers didn't like it, and switched back to making their own fresh product even though that meant more trouble and costly returns.
"We used the ultra-pasteurized for a while," says Noble Kidd, vice-president of Hygeia. "We did not have the favorable results we expected. People came in and said it had a cooked flavor; they didn't like it. You just don't get the real whipping cream flavor with it. Of course, it has some advantages on keeping-quality, but you know, most people buy whipping cream to use, not to store. We decided to go back to the old way. Just because something's new doesn't necessarily mean it's better."
Now that is the kind of talk that made America great.
Luckily for South Texans, Hygeia distributes far beyond the Lower Rio Grande Valley. You can find its products in Corpus Christi, Laredo, Beeville, Rosenberg, and points between. (At last, a valid reason to visit Beeville.)
The list of hero dairies should also include Farmers Dairies in El Paso, which packages its own 35 per cent butterfat cream and has never used UHT; Crest Milk Company in El Paso, which buys its cream from Farmers; and the Borden Milk Company, which distributes real cream in Abilene, Amarillo, Dallas, Marshall, Midland, and Tyler (though not in Houston, Lubbock, or San Antonio, where local sales managers have opted to import the sterilized product). There may be other dairies that still market the real thing, but if so, a careful search hasn't found them. A few, like Gandy's in San Angelo, bring back fresh cream for a few days around Christmastime, but that hardly counts.
New York magazine's fearless Mimi Sheraton, the Saul Alinsky of food editors, reports that many Manhattan dairy distributors finally answered the cries of consumer outrage by restoring a line of fresh cream to grocery shelves, where it sits side by side with the sterilized stuff. Apparently no Texas dairy has done this. Schepps of Dallas does package quart-sized containers of real cream for commercial use, and if you live in Houston you can get what is probably the best cream in Texas—a fresh 40 per cent butterfat variety—by special order from the local Carnation factory. The catch is that you have to buy it by the gallon at $5.55 a jug. (Don't confuse this blue-ribbon cream with Carnation's mass-marketed half-pints, which come straight from Missouri. These UHT products are labeled "Cream for Whipping"—not, as you might have supposed, a prop for a sadomasochistic evening, but rather a concession to out-of-state regulatory laws.)
Lacking New York's freedom of choice, residents of many Texas localities are left with nothing but UHT cream. For them, selective buying is out of the question. Unless they are prepared to form a neighborhood dairy cooperative in someone's garage, the only choice may be a direct appeal to local dairies. If that sounds ridiculous, it tells you how cynical we've become about the way "free enterprise" really works. But cynicism may be premature. Willard Clifton, general manager of Austin's Hillcrest Farms, says his dairy (which was the last one in town to abandon real cream) would consider bringing it back if enough people asked.
Ask. Otherwise, somebody may hand you a glass of sterilized milk before long.
Eat and imbibe like a Texan with reviews, recipes, news, and more.
Food & Drink (Monthly) Eat and imbibe like a Texan with reviews, recipes, news, and more
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