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how to treat beech bark disease
Information from evaluation monitoring plots established throughout the state will quantify and help predict short and long-term impacts of beech bark disease on forest composition, productivity, and wildlife values. Wisconsin's first detections of the scale and disease occurred in Door County in 2009. by wind, animals, birds, and people (for example, on firewood), causing long range dispersal. These can be prevented if the symptoms are spotted early. Tree Bark Canker Disease Identification, Treatment, and Prevention. While hiking through some of Ontario's forests, you may notice that the beech trees look infected by something. You can use the following information to identify common beech tree diseases and choose the suitable form of disease control. However, the condition is actually relatively easy to treat. Source: Scot Nelson. Beech bark disease (BBD) has killed millions of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) throughout New England and has drastically altered northern hardwood forests, of which beech is a primary tree species. Beech Bark Disease was found to be widespread in the Green Mountain National Forest by 1955, with an estimated 30% of the American Beech population infected by the 1980s. It often begins in roots and moves upward into the tree's trunk. Prevention of the disease is the surest control. Because the disease is so widespread throughout the forests of the eastern U.S., beech bark disease threatens beech in the landscape as well. You can use the following information to identify common beach tree diseases and choose the suitable form of disease control. By Gabriel Popkin Nov. 14, 2019 , 3:00 PM. The beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga ), causes wounds to the bark, allowing two fungi ( Neonectria faginata and Neonectria ditissima ) to enter the tree, ultimately stunting and killing it. However, if the beech trees are in a well-frequented area and they have beech bark disease, they should be felled because diseased trees are prone to sudden breakage (McCullough et al. Most beech tree diseases are caused by fungal infections. Management of Beech Bark Disease in Wisconsin December 2014 . Distribution. Most beech tree diseases are caused by fungal infections. However, it was not until around 1920 that an outbreak of beech bark disease was recorded (Houston & Valentine, 1988). Scale and Early records indicate that the disease was first observed at least 150 years ago, but must certainly have been affecting trees from a much earlier date. Beech bark disease is a fungus spread via a scale insect. Beech bark disease causes significant amounts of beech trees to die each year, according to David R. Houston and James T. O'Brien, plant pathologists with the United States Department of Agriculture. Beech bark disease is considered to be the most serious disease affecting British beech, although its severity varies geographically and temporally. Beech bark disease is a major threat to American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in eastern North America. What Causes Tree Bark Splitting. Reddish-brown liquid issues from the lesions thus giving rise to the common name "bleeding canker." Beech scale was accidentally introduced from Europe into Nova Scotia, Canada around 1890. Introduction. Other Treatment Practices The scale insect feeds on the beech tree sap, opening wounds in the tree for the fungus to start colonizing the bark, cambium layer, and sapwood of the tree (OFAH/OMNR Invading Species Awareness Program, 2012). As large areas of bark are affected, the tree is girdled and killed. The scale has mouthparts that pierce and suck, causing wounds through which the fungus can enter the tree. Beech scale was first introduced into Nova Scotia in 1890. The fungus kills the wood by blocking the flow of sap. Reliant is the only fungicide known to mitigate this disease, though Subdue Maxx may provide minimal control. Beech bark disease definition is - a disease of beech especially destructive in eastern Canada and northern U.S. that is due to the combined activities of the beech scale (Cryptococcus fagi) and a fungus (Nectria coccinea faginata) and causes destruction of living bark… While young beech trees are not often killed by beech bark disease, they often succumb once they reach maturity. Phytophthora bleeding canker kills the bark and outer sapwood tissues of trees and shrubs. Scale feeding allows infection by the Neonectria fungus. These can be prevented if the symptoms are spotted early. If you see a beech tree at least 20-30 cm (8-12 inches) in diameter that appears healthy and free of beech scale, while trees around are dead and dying of the disease, it may be a resistant tree. Beech Bark Disease. Beech Bark Disease (BBD) is a lethal "disease" caused by an interaction between the introduced beech bark scale (BBS=Cryptococcus fagisuga), and several species of Nectria fungi, at least two of which were introduced into North America. The disease is the result of an interaction between an insect (a scale) and a fungus (Neonectria) and it only happens when both are present. In the section "The destructive duo", I feel there should be a citation at the end of "There are no male beech scale insects and the female insects reproduce parthenogenetically." old or historic homes and homesteads. It is caused by two invasive species: the beech scale insect, as well as a fungus, most commonly the Nectria coccinea species. Beech trees are already under threat from beech bark disease (BBD). Beech canker thrives in water-logged areas. The most prominent symptom of the disease is dark-colored sap oozing from bark cankers. caused by a combination of damage to the bark and vascular tissue by the beech scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga), followed by infection with several fungal species (Neonectria faginata, Neonectria ditissima, and Bionectria ochroleuca). The disease spread rapidly and was commonplace in Nova Scotia by 1930. Treating your tree quickly after its bark splits is essential to its health and vigor. Beech bark disease (BBD) is rious a se disease of American beech (Fagus grandifolia). A summary of the intricacies of BBD was published in the April issue of The Landsculptor. toddsmariettatreeservices.com gathered information on why tree bark splits or cracks and what you can do to prevent it or treat it. are rendered susceptible to killing attacks by fungi of the genus Nectria (Ehrlich 1934). The beech scale or the Cryptococcus insect is one of the most destructive garden pests. Areas with more than 400 to 500 stems per acre9 should be considered for broadcast foliar applications. Beech bark disease cankers can encircle the entire bole of a tree. BBD begins when bark tissues, attacked by the exotic beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. The disease is caused by the fungus Nectria coccinea, which is carried on the bodies of beech scale, a small, sucking insect. It is important to treat the bark with care (Davis and Meyer 2004). Beech Bark Disease . Wounding of the bark creates avenues for infection. Beech bark disease (BBD) is caused by both a sap-feeding scale insect and a fungus. Lifecycle The life cycle of the beech scale insect is of importance because without the … Powdery mildew on hedge. Beech Bark Disease (BBD) complex consists of two organisms, a scale insect and a fungal pathogen, which together create entry wounds and infection that kill beech trees. Beech bark disease is the result of two independent organisms, a scale insect followed by a fungus, that ... Another important consideration in selecting a treat-ment is the density of beech to treat. Sporodochia and perithecia are produced on the cankered areas (not seen in this photo).Beech scale insects (introduced into Canada and the US) make wounds on Beech Leaf Disease has spread across Ohio, into Northwestern Pennsylvania, Southwestern New York and Long Island, Southwestern Connecticut, as well as the northern shore of Lake Erie in Ontario, Canada. vaginata. Summary. Cracks form in the cankered bark. Once the crawlers begin to feed, they produce a protective coating of white wax filaments and remain stationary for the rest of their lives. Canker Diseases - HardwoodsBeech Bark DiseaseBeech trees with beech bark disease.Cankered areas on beech caused by Neonectria (old name Nectria) coccinia var. Specifically, at least two different species of nectria fungus (accidentally introduced to the U.S. via European nursery stock in the late 1800s) is introduced into susceptible beech trees via the beech scale, a tiny sap-feeding insect that pierces the thin bark … American beech trees are first infested with beech scale. Unfortunately, it is quite common and almost no hedge is fully immune. Or "The first case of beech bark disease in the United States was found in Massachusetts in 1929." Beech bark disease disease is caused by a pathogen that does not attack trees until they have been extensively infested with a non-native scale insect. faginata Lohm. In this article, you discovered what tree cankers are, how they are caused, the signs of an infection, how to treat cankers, and how to prevent them from causing irreparable damage to your trees and property. It is caused by a scale insect (beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga) and two fungi in the genus Neonectria. Symptoms & Disease Cycle. Disease-free beech trees have been observed in infested stands throughout the range of beech bark disease (BBD). Both of these wordings emphasize the contrast between the United States and North America. The principal fungus, N. coccinea var. beech snap and are removed if they pose a threat to human safety in parks and campgrounds. A mysterious disease is striking American beech trees. Beech Scale Disease. The small white flecks are the beech scale insect. The fluid is typically reddish-brown and it stains the surrounding bark as it flows downward. Even in heavily infested areas, trees that remain free of scale may not be truly resistant. Beech bark disease poses an enormous threat to the American Beech, and is widespread in the eastern United States and Canada. Beech scale eggs and crawlers on bark of beech. Don't let your tree die from disease and insect infestations when its bark splits. Beech bark disease and bleeding canker caused by the fungus Phytopththora are the principal diseases affecting beech. Powdery mildew is a powdery, grey fungal coating that affects a variety of hedging plants, such as native hawthorn hedges. Invasive Species - (Cryptococcus fagisuga + Neonectria spp.) Beech bark disease (BBD) is a devastating disease of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrl.) The insects feed on the beech sap by burrowing into the bark, and once inside, the nectria fungus on the beech scale colonize the bark and interior of the tree. BBD is a disease-insect complex that involves both native and non-native scale insects (Cryptococcus fagisuga and Xylococculus betulae) and two species of the fungal pathogen Beech bark disease is a newer threat affecting beech trees (Fagus grandifolia), and it's brought about by native nectria fungus pairing up with the invasive European beech scale insect. Beech bark disease attacks beech trees in North America and is caused by the combined effects of the non-native scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga, and Neonectria fungi. In forests of North America the beech bark disease (BBD) complex affects American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. White wooly specks observed on the bark in August are wooly beech scales. December 22, 2016 | by Ellen Kim. Phtophthora kills localized areas of the bark and sapwood especially on the root flare and lower trunk. 2005), which makes them a … Beech scale was introduced in the late 1800s into Halifax, Nova Scotia, probably on nursery stock of European beech (Hawbolt, 1944). Disease Symptoms Pathogen/Cause Management; Bark disease: Circular to horizontal elliptic cankers form on the bark.
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Title: The history of the federalist IWMA
Author: Vadim Damier
Topics: first international, history
Source: Retrieved on 4th February 2021 from libcom.org
Vadim Damier
The history of the federalist IWMA
The split of the "first" IWMA
The Congress of Saint Imier and founding of Federalist IWMA
The development of the Federalist IWMA
The desire for compromise with the reformists killed the IWMA
The "first" International Workingmen´s Association was founded in 1864 through the initiative of workers themselves but also with some participation of "politicians". Organizationally, it was built as an association of workers´ unions. According to the Statutes, there was no centralism. The workers of the same profession or area formed a section, all sections of any country formed a federation, and every country federation sent delegates to the General Council.
This Council was purely a coordinating body — it could not issue any decrees, instructions, etc. It was to analyze disputes and misunderstandings between the sections. All sections and federations maintained their autonomy. The supreme body of the IWMA was the annual congress of delegates of the sections and federations, and only it could discuss all matters relating to the association and the international labor movement. It could elect the Council, alter or amend the charter etc.
The IWMA was divided between partisans of the primacy of political action for achieving political power (supporters of Marx, the Social Democrats, Blanquists etc.) and their opponents (including Anarchists). The contradictions between them grew and eventually resulted in open conflict. In the early 1870s, supporters of Marx tried to capture the International. Having the General Council under their control, they called a conference of the IWMA in London and manipulated the representation of sections. The constructed majority renounced previous federalist norms and adopted centralist organizational changes with executive power of the General Council. Simultaneously, a resolution was made that the political struggle for power and the founding of "workers" political parties were necessary.
These decisions were rejected by the majority of the Swiss, Spanish, Italian, Belgian and French sections. The Jura federation adopted an anti-authoritarian constitution and challenged the decision about the new prerogatives of the General Council as "hierarchical and authoritarian". The Swiss, Italian and Spanish sections insisted on holding the next Congress in Switzerland, where it was easier for most of the delegates to come. But Marx and his supporters from General Council insisted on the organization of the Congress in The Hague in 1872.
Italian sections protested and called for a global anti-authoritarian Congress in Neuchatel. But Marx had done everything to ensure the profitable composition of Congress. So, he tried to come to terms with Blanquists, promising them seats in the General Council. Blanqui represented the majority of the organized French refugees, members of the IWMA. The anti-authoritarian wing of the French section was defeated along with the Paris Commune, in which they played a crucial role. In addition, Marx invited all his friends to the Congress as mandated by loyal sections. The manipulated and artificial majority in The Hague confirmed the decisions of London and declared Bakunin expelled from the International.
The decisions of the Hague Congress provoked outrage not only among the sections and supporters of Bakunin in Switzerland, but also among the French, Italian, Belgian and Spanish sections. The Jura Federation became a center of discontent, and around it, a libertarian ideology was formed, calling for a socio-economic system of administration liberated from any authority, centralization, and the state.
The Jura Federation organized an extraordinary congress of the IWMA at St. Imier in September of 1872. The delegates from the Italian and the Spanish federations, from some the French and two American sections attended. The Congress recognized the activities of the Hague Congress as illegal and accused the General Council of abuse of authority. The Treaty of friendship and solidarity between the federations and anti-authoritarian groups was adopted. It said that unity must be based not on an artificial organization of the central authorities, but on the identity of the interests of the proletarians of different countries and on the voluntary union of federations. The participating federations pledged to aid each other without direct links to any central authority and to support each other in the fight against any encroachments on their rights.
The Congress rejected the struggle for political power because "any political organization cannot be anything other than the organization of power in favor of a particular class and to the detriment of the masses of the proletariat, and therefore the proletariat, if it wants to seize political power, inevitably would have to become a dominant and exploiting class". The Congress declared the goal of the International the "destruction of all political power through a general strike" because the "destruction of all political power is the first duty of the proletariat", and any "revolutionary" government is no less dangerous to it than the present.
In autumn 1872, in Spain, Belgium and Great Britain, the conferences of sections were held. Most delegates also spoke out against the manipulations of the General Council and for an alliance with the Jura Federation. In response, the General Council decided on May 30, 1873 to exclude all federations, sections and individuals who rejected the Hague decision, that is, first of all, members of St. Imier, as well as the Belgian and Dutch federations.
It was a split of the IWMA into 2 different organizations. The centralist organization, which went for Marx, consisted at first mainly of German, Austrian, Danish, Dutch, part of the American and a minority of the British sections. The International of Marx exiled in the USA and then ceased to exist. The national social democratic parties soon emerged in its place. However, the Federalist IWMA flourished initially. It included the Swiss, Belgian, Spanish, Italian, some American, British and Dutch sections.
In September 1873, the 6th Congress of the IWMA was convened in Geneva at the initiative of the Jura Federation. Attended by delegates from 7 national federations (England, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Spain, Italy and France), this Congress revised the statutes of the International, announced the full autonomy of sections, eliminated the General Council and replaced it with a Bureau without any executive power and with only technical coordination functions. The function of the Bureau was transferred to one of the federations. The Congress called for a general strike, which "is nothing other than the social revolution", and urged the workers to unite in international trade unions, able to organize a strike in their profession.
The 7th Congress of the IWMA was held in September 1874 in Brussels. At this time, the Italian federation, following the recommendations of Bakunin, began organizing popular revolts. In contrast, the Belgians under Cesar de Paepe began to gradually evolve toward rapprochement with social democracy, which subsequently led to the collapse of the IWMA.
The delegates at the Brussels Congress were sent by the Spanish, Swiss, Belgian, Italian and some German and French sections. The most important of the topics discussed was the question about "the organization of public services of the future society". Two different projects were presented: from the Belgian federation (De Paepe) and from the Geneva section. Both proposals were identical in the basic ideas: the center of social life in the future society should be the free commune rather than a centralized state. De Paepe, however, offered to preserve the unity of the state as a body in charge of collective works of major and general significance, although most of the decisions should be taken at the base and decentralized.
The Congress called for the elimination of the state, but the resolution was controversial: each federation or party in each country can decide which political action may be necessary or helpful for the social revolution. It was an obvious compromise with the Belgian federation which became more reformist. In contrast, the Italian federation was in favor of direct action. The next Congress of 1875 in Barcelona did not take place because of the repression in the Spain.
The Federalist IWMA developed unevenly. The Spanish section flourished, but the attempts to extend the International in other countries failed. The escalation of repressions forced people to search for new tactical ways. The differences between the Anarchists and the Belgian collectivists intensified. British trade unionists and some other sections separated from IWMA.
The 8th Congress of the International was held in Bern in October of 1876. The delegates from Belgium, Spain, Holland, Italy and Switzerland arrived, the French involved indirectly. The meetings were accompanied by differences between the supporters of mass action and of "propaganda by deed". De Paepe said the IWMA no longer existed. He proposed to organize a world congress for socialist unification of all the former sections of IWMA, irrespective of their programs, tactics, and views. This proposal was unfortunately accepted.
The 9th Congress of the IWA in Verviers in 1877 brought together 11 delegations from Belgium, France, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, and indirectly from Greece, Egypt and Uruguay. Some resolutions on the socialization of property, the elimination of wage labor and a pact of solidarity were adopted. The representatives of the Federations of Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, Egypt and Greece were only able to agree on the condemnation of a tendency to agree with supporters of political parties because "all parties form a reactive mass; it is necessary to fight them all".
Thus, there could be no agreement with the 35 delegates from the Marxist and authoritarian socialists who gathered in Ghent at the "World Socialist Congress". The delegates from the Congress of Verviers came but they were in the minority. Most who came were socialists, Statists, and they forced a resolution of the political struggle and the formation of political parties of the proletariat. The Belgian and the Dutch federation left the IWMA and joined the Social-Democracy. From now on the path of the authoritarian socialists (Social Democrats) and the anarchists finally dispersed.
All new attempts to revive the IWMA failed until 1922. Some were ruined by the focus of the Anarchists on the "propaganda by deed", a form of insurrectionism of a minority which isolated Anarchists from working masses (the Congress of London, 1881). Other endeavors failed because of new attempts to reconcile with the Reformists. In 1896, the Anarchists were expelled from the Congress of the 2nd International. Only a clear and visible crisis of reformism of social democracy and the birth of a new labor movement of revolutionary syndicalism based on extra-parliamentary direct action could revive the idea of an international association of anti-authoritarian workers.
In 1907, the International Anarchist Congress, and in 1913, the international conference of revolutionary syndicalists were held. The continuation of this process was interrupted by the war, but then it resumed. For a time it seemed that the Russian Bolsheviks had broken with the statism of social democracy and the prospect of an imaginary reunification of anarchists, syndicalists and revolutionary Marxists loomed on the horizon.
A number of anarchists and syndicalists even joined the Comintern and then discussed the possibility to join the Red Trade Union International. But very quickly it became clear that the Bolsheviks were the same Statists as the Social Democrats, if not worse, that they oppressed the independent workers' and peasants' movement and sought to subject the workers' organizations throughout the world to its parties. After this, a break with them was inevitable. In December 1922, the Congress of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions in Berlin decided to recreate the First International, the actual IWA. Since then, it continues to exist and underwent many severe trials.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Archives: Ewan McGregor
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The evil Trade Federation is planning to take over the peaceful world of Naboo. Jedi Knights Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi are sent to confront the leaders. But not everything goes to plan. The two Jedi escape and head to Naboo to warn Queen Amidala, but droids have already started to capture Naboo and the Queen is not safe there. Eventually, they land on Tatooine, where they become friends with a young boy known as […]


As guests settled into seats and mingled around, GM Bro (acting as MC) was preparing to get the evening festivities started, and I had my one zilla moment of the day. The skies had cleared and I really wanted the ugly red small tent covering the stage (to protect the bands equipment) to be gone, and asked for them to remove it before we got started. Best decision ever. It took a couple of minutes for a few guys to lift it over the stage and take it down. It was a bit of a nuisance and I got a crazy look from my dad when I asked, but everything just much more magical on the stage without it there.
Once it was down, GM Bro took the stage. He shared some logistics for the evening (food, bus times, bathrooms, etc.), and announced that we would be starting everything off with toasts. Having been to plenty of weddings with long winded speeches for the couple, we set a hard cap time of three minutes per toast (ours being the exception to that rule). They were incredible. Everyone said such beautiful things. They made us laugh (a lot), cry, reminisce and feel so grateful for all of the love in our lives. These photos flood me with memories, and always crack me up.
All photos captured by Isos Photography, several cropped by me.
First up was Mr. Narwhal's mom. She was so excited about the wedding, and said a lovely toast to us both. Sharing funny insights into Mr. Narwhal's rather loud entrance into the world, which was quite reflective of his personality and hearty laugh. She also shared her appreciation for Joel always being the "Momma's boy" of her two sons, and that he always made an effort to tell her he loved her.
Next up were my parents. Much to the dismay of my father, I asked him to share a short toast, knowing my mom would have a lot to say. My dad isn't a fan of public speaking and is a man of few words (unless you get talking to him on the phone), but he shared his congratulations and happiness for us both, and welcomed Mr. Narwhal into our very larger than life family.
A couple days before the wedding my mom said in passing that she still needed to get us a card. I told her that was ridiculous, and she told me that she had to get us one. She then offered to make us one, to which I encouraged her and told her I would love it more than a store-bought card. Well, wouldn't you know that this was a total hoax, and she had already made a larger than life card for her toast.
It was short and sweet (just like her). She spoke to Mr. Narwhal and I's relationship and their confidence us together, as well as her love for us both. She noted our mutual love for poetry and decided to end with a poem, that definitely brought me to tears.
On this day that you are wed.
Next up was my cousin and maid of honour Cass. I know she worked for months crafting the perfect speech and it was truly amazing. She first gave a toast to Mr. Narwhal, telling him that the two of us as sisters had been through all the ups and downs of life, and she was so thankful for how happy he made me, and that he was truly the highest of my ups and then deeply apologized that he had to join our crazy family, which included "giving awkward Cards Against Humanity dirty word definitions to our Gramma" (which explains my face in the next photo). Next she shared some of our favourite memories together and her appreciation for our amazing friendship that goes above and beyond just cousins. She ended by thanking me for honouring our 20 year agreement of being each others maid of honour.
After my cousin, GM Duffy took the stage. While there was a no official best man, as Mr. Narwhal's best friend, we asked GM Duffy (who ended up winning the best man battle) to say a toast. GM Duffy is always full of jokes and everyone expected him to take the stage and have us in stitches. Instead, he went up there and poured his heart out and brought a tear to everyone's eyes with his incredibly touching toast.
"Amy I have ton of stories with this guy, but the best story of all is the one you two are writing right now. You two are the definition of soul mates. I'm so happy for the two of you... and Nelson! Joel gave me a gift one time that had a saying on it that said 'It is not happy people who are grateful, it is grateful people who are happy.' I am grateful to have the privilege of knowing you both. I love you two."
The last toast before ours was from my cousin, BMan TLW. He squeezed his way in there for an extra toast, so we labelled it as the "toast to the bride." TLW is an aspiring broadcaster, and knows how to please a crowd, so when he begged me for an extra minute of time, I knew it would be worth it (and then he outted me during his speech!). TLW and I have a bit of a brother and sister relationship, which includes many big sibling-like blow up fights.
He chose to share the story of the argument we got into when I first met Mr. Narwhal and me glowing talking about the guy I had just met and had an "instant connection" with, and that we were destined to be together, "no questions asked." TLW Mr. Sceptical came into the picture and a big fight erupted (because he has the worst way of showing he cares). After parting ways for a "breather" we had a good cry together (TLW sharing that he felt he needed to be a protective brother to me now), and I told him with conviction that he needed to "just trust me," to which he agreed.
About a month later, TLW was visiting me with friends, and he met Mr. Narwhal for the first time. He described the moment as, "Amy shot me a look, and remembering our agreement, I put on my game face and I shook his hand. And, GUESS WHAT!? We had an instant connection!!" He shared that from that night on, he never questioned what we had together.
And, lastly we took the stage and shared our speech. I recently learned this isn't always the norm (although it is in my area), but we really wanted to stand up and share a few words with everyone. We thanked our guests from coming from near and far, we thanked each of our members of our wedding party individually and then spoke to our parents and thanked them for everything they had done for us to make it to our big (and best) day.
And with that our speeches were over and it was time for our first dance.
Aren't speeches/toasts just the best part of weddings??
*Unfortunately I don't have too many pictures of food because our photographers were with us when the food went out, and the photos we do have are images of picked through food. Things we served included mac and cheese, hamburger sliders, shredded chicken tacos, vegetable cups, fruit skewers, chocolate mousse cups, a full antipasto table (cheese, bread, pickles, etc.), a candy and sweets bar, and a late night snack of baked potatoes with all the fixings (after the photographers left).


More than half a decade ago Peter decided he wanted to be a high school math teacher. It meant he would return to university to study, putting his life on hold. As he visualized his dream he told me he would wear a bow tie to teach. At the end of the day he would untie his tie and go home knowing he had done his best to inspire and teach young people.
Peter worked hard. He made the dean's list through university and recently began his teaching career. This evening we had a family dinner to honor Peter and his dream. As part of the celebration there were presents of course. Peter was delighted to unwrap twenty-five shiny new bow ties in every color and pattern imaginable.
Peter looks great in a bow tie.


text:
EU didn't show Turkey the support it needed
Keywords:DaeshFETOPKK
The EU failed to show Turkey the support it needed during the July 15 defeated coup, a senior Turkish official said Saturday.
"Stronger support should have been given," Turkish EU minister and Chief Negotiator Omer Celik said in Bratislava, Slovakia, during a news conference following an informal meeting of EU foreign ministers.
Celik said that in many statements issued by EU leaders, they condemned the coup in just one sentence but questioned the democratic credentials of the steps taken by the Turkish government in nine sentences.
"During the meeting I clearly expressed that our government and the Turkish people felt disappointed," he said.
Celik said the EU foreign ministers meeting was "fruitful," as he had the opportunity to tell them about the attempted coup.
"During the meeting I informed my counterparts about how the president of our republic, our prime minister, and members of our government were intended for assassination and how during the attempted coup our parliament and the Presidential Palace were bombed."
Celik said that Turkey is a country governed according to the rule of law, adding that they could have killed the putschist soldiers in the clashes that followed the coup attempt, but instead caught them and brought them to justice.
He said that Turkey is not after revenge, but justice.
Celik related how on July 15 Turkey faced a coup attempt, while on Aug. 24 the Turkish army started fighting the Daesh terror organization in northern Syria. "Beside that, since I arrived here yesterday, 16 soldiers have been martyred in PKK attacks."
Celik said there had another country faced the same conditions as Turkey, it would have closed its borders and probably suspended international conventions. But, now, he said, he was speaking as a Turkish minister with his "counterparts about democracy, human rights, the rule of law, and furthering our cooperation."
On the future of the EU-Turkey refugee deal, Celik said that Ankara is implementing the agreement on humanitarian grounds, but warned that it will not be part of any new mechanism if Turkish nationals are not first granted visa liberalization.
The EU and Turkey signed a deal on March 18, which aims to discourage irregular migration through the Aegean Sea by taking stricter measures against human traffickers and improving the conditions of nearly 3 million Syrian refugees in Turkey.
The deal also allows for the acceleration of Turkey's EU membership bid and visa-free travel for Turkish nationals within the Schengen area, on the condition that Ankara meets 72 requirements set by the EU.
While Turkey has fulfilled most of the criteria, differences between Brussels and Ankara on anti-terror legislation have forestalled the visa liberalization deal.
According to the EU, Turkey must revise its "legislation and practices on terrorism in line with European standards" in order for visa liberalization for Turkish citizens to enter into force.
But Celik again made it clear that Turkey cannot change its terror laws at a time when terrorist groups are attacking it.
"It is not rational to bring up changes in terror laws at a time when Daesh, the PKK and FETO [the terrorist group blamed for the July 15 failed coup] are attacking us," he said.
"We cannot create weaknesses in the fight against terror," Celik said, but added that a commitment could be made "to changes that could be made going forward, in consultation with the Council of Europe."
Celik said he wants the EU-Turkey common sense and common action plan to continue. "My country is not an EU member. But we have been a European power throughout history," he said, adding that in the last 100 years, Turkey has been a European democracy.
Turkey's government says the defeated coup, which left 240 people martyred and nearly 2,200 injured, was organized by followers of Fetullah Gulen, who has lived in self-imposed exile in the U.S. since 1999, and his FETO network.
Gulen is accused of leading a long-running campaign to overthrow the state through the infiltration of Turkish institutions, particularly the military, police, and judiciary, forming what is commonly known as the parallel state.
Source: Anadolu
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Streaming Concert Watch 1/20: Frank Turner, Jeff Tweedy and More
Which Metal Bands Should Reunite?: Revocation Tells Us
Craig Hlavaty
Craig Hlavaty | February 21, 2012 | 11:00am
The music industry has lit up with some pretty high-profile reunions in the past few months. At The Drive-In and Refused both announced comeback shows within days of one another, and even Black Sabbath decided to reconvene for a new album and a world tour, though that one is in peril with Tony Iommi fighting cancer and drummer Bill Ward still unhappy with his contract. It looks like it will only be a one-off reunion after all.
Word came last week that maybe, just maybe, the classic Guns N' Roses lineup, may play a few notes together at April's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony, though it could end in tears and fisticuffs.
Rocks Off rattled off the indie bands from the '90s and '00s that should take another swing, with April Brem Patrick campaigning for Discount and Jawbreaker, and John Seaborn Gray vouching for the screamy Blood Brothers.
But it's been the harder acts, the metal bands, who have been silent when it comes to massive reunions, save Sabbath of course. That's why we asked Boston bruisers Revocation, who are opening for Children of Bodom Wednesday at Warehouse Live, who they want to see gracing stages once again. And their list is a good one.
Cacophonous ear-raping grindcore. Who wouldn't want more of that in their life?
Black metal legends that put out compelling music with every release. I'm glad Ihsahn is doing his solo project but it would be rad as fuck to hear some new Emperor.
Hypnosia
Hypnosia had a very Kreator-esque vibe to them. It's too bad they disbanded, their first record rips.
I'm a sucker for all things Mike Patton, and Mr. Bungle is definitely one of my favorite bands he's been in. Each release was totally unique and had its own sound. I'd be really interested to see what they would come out with if they ever did another record.
Random Acts of Violence
A killer thrash band from Boston featuring none other than Phil Dubois-Coyne on drums. They broke up before they ever got to record a proper second record. Get back together, you assholes.
His Hero Is Gone
Legendary band, unique riffs, wish they would reunite.
They put out one record of killer death metal infused thrash. That record was so pissed off, it was fucking genius.
When I found out they were breaking up I was pretty shocked. It seemed like they were really starting to take off, bummed that they never did another record after Animal.
Time Does Not Heal is one of the best thrash records of all time. You can't put out a record like that and then break up afterwards. Come on guys, don't play with my emotions like that...
Sick band from Jersey, one of the best early metalcore bands from back in the day.
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Alexandria Sadé on the Particular Brilliance of "A Garden of...


The erect abdominal radiograph in the acute abdomen: should its routine use be abandoned?
Field S, Guy PJ, Upsdell SM, Scourfield AE.
The value of erect and supine abdominal radiographs and erect chest radiographs was analysed prospectively in 102 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with acute abdominal symptoms. The radiographs were reported on initially by junior surgeons of the admitting team, special note being made of the value of the erect abdominal radiograph over the combination of the supine abdominal radiograph and erect chest radiograph. On the basis of information obtained from the erect abdominal radiograph alone no changes in patient management were recorded. A consultant radiologist reported on the same radiographs at a later date. In five cases the erect abdominal radiograph was thought to have contributed useful or additional information, although in four of these cases abnormal features were visible in the supine film. In three of the five cases important but subtle information was missed by junior surgeons. In five of the 102 patients information obtained from the erect abdominal radiograph was potentially misleading. The small yield of positive information, potentially misleading features, and lack of effect on surgical management suggest that the routine use of the erect abdominal radiograph in the acute abdomen should be abandoned.


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Five Easy Things You Can Do Now That Will Cause Fat Loss
Most people view fat loss as a chore. This is because they are locked into the false paradigm that states that fat loss can only occur through a calorie restrictive diet and through hours of aerobic exercise. Many people never leave this mindset and as a result fail in their endeavours to improve their body composition because they cannot stick to their regimen. The science behind fat loss is equite clear. It is perfectly possible to lose fat and improve the body composition without the need to restrict energy intake and without the requirement for aerobic exercise. Weight gain is caused by eating the wrong types of foods, not by eating too much food. It therefore stands to reason that if we eliminate these foods by substituting better alternatives, weight loss will ensue. And this is very well evidenced in the nutritional literature. So here are five dietary changes that you can make, that take minimal effort, that will cause improvements in body composition through a decrease in body fat or an increase in lean skeletal muscle.
Avoid Sugar, It's a Metabolic Poison
Sugar contains a molecule of fructose, and fructose causes insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is in turn a driver of weight gain and obesity. Cutting sugar from the diet is the single most important step in weight loss and the long-term avoidance of sugar is pivotal in successful long term weight loss. Consuming sugar on a calorie restrictive diet will hinder fat loss because the underlying insulin resistance will generally remain as long as sugar is consumed. Low fat processed foods that remove fat and replace it with sugar are obesogenic junks foods.
How Much Protein Should You Eat? All of It!
High protein diets cause weight loss. The reason for this is various. Firstly, protein is the food component that determines stomach emptying rates. As a full stomach causes satiety, protein is a satiating food. Protein also provides nitrogen for building muscle and this allows the maintenance of a positive nitrogen balance that prevents muscle breakdown and favours muscle growth. As muscle determines the resting metabolic rate, high proteins diets are conductive of increased energy utilisation. Protein is also the macronutrient least likely to be stored as fat.
Eat Full Fat Dairy Foods
Those people who eat the most dairy have the lowest body weights. This has been shown time and again in the nutritional literature. Dairy contains a number of fatty acids that may improve insulin sensitivity and thus decrease fasting insulin levels. As insulin is a driver of fatty acid synthesis in the liver, and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, lowering fasting insulin levels is pivotal in fat loss. Dairy also contains calcium which may have weight loss effects by inhibiting the absorption of fat. The ability of dairy products to sit in the stomach for hours following consumption always makes them highly satiating food.
Swap Grains for Beans
Beans have a number of weight loss properties. Firstly they are high in protein and difficult to digest which slows the transit of food through the stomach and causes satiety. Secondly, they are very high in fibre, and this can slow the absorption of glucose to the blood, lowering insulin levels and thus inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and increasing fat oxidation. The fibre in beans can also be fermented in the colon, producing short chain fatty acids which increase satiety. Lastly beans contain enzyme inhibitors that slow the digestion of starch and further lower insulin levels. Substituting grains for beans therefore improves the chance of fat loss occurring.
Drink Green Tea
Green tea is a weight loss food. The weight loss effects of green tea relates to three components it contains. Green tea is a good source of catechins, polyphenols with antioxidant effects. These catechins may inhibit glucose absorption from the gut, lowering insulin levels. Tea also contains L-theanine, an amino acid that reduces anxiety and stress. As stress is a possible cause of overeating L-theanine may lower the risk of eating the poor quality foods that lead to weight gain. Lastly, the caffeine, L-theanine and catechin content of green tea work synergistically to increase energy expenditure and cause fat oxidation.
Tuna: A Good Source of Selenium?
Selenium is an important trace mineral in human nutrition. Selenium is perhaps best know as a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, an important component of the cellular reductive system. The glutathione reducing system (which includes glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and NADPH) is required for the conversion of damaging hydrogen peroxide to water. Low selenium intakes are associated with a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, with a resultant increase in free radical damage in cells and tissues. As activity of the glutathione antioxidant system decreases the risk of disease and mortality increases significantly. Dietary sources of selenium are therefore important to ensure optimal function of this important cellular antioxidant system. Brazil nuts are a well known source of selenium, but others exist. Tuna is also a rich source of the trace mineral, with studies suggesting that a tin of tuna (roughly 150 to 200 grams) many contain around 12.5 micrograms of selenium.
If a tin of tuna contains roughly 12.5 micrograms of selenium, it would appear that tuna is a reasonable source of selenium. Certainly consuming tuna regularly would contribute significantly to the selenium intake of most individuals. Of course there is nothing special about tinned tuna that means it accumulates selenium, and so fresh tuna will have a similar selenium content (about 150 parts per billion). However, while the selenium content of tuna is good, tuna is also a rich source of methylmercury. This results from the polluted waters that tuna inhabits. Bioaccumulation of mercury (and other pollutants) occurs as food passes up the food chain, such that large predatory fish such as tuna attain dangerous levels of certain pollutants such as mercury. Current recommendations are to limit consumption of large predatory fish and instead consume fish from further down the food chain (such as mackerel). Therefore sources of selenium such as brazil nuts and supplements are a preferable source of this mineral.
Mai, C., Rapf, R., Wilkes, E. and Zurita, K. 2011. Selenium in Tuna. Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal. 03: 37-40
Preptin, Adropin and Irisin: Energy Regulators
The regulation of energy in humans is highly complex and not fully understood. A number of appetite stimulating or orexigenic peptides, and a number of satiating or anorexigenic peptides have been identified and shown to be involved in this complex process of energy regulation. However, while many of the hormones and signal molecules that play a role in energy metabolism have been identified, new players in energy metabolism are being discovered continually. For example, three peptide hormones have only relatively recently been discovered to play a role in mammalian energy metabolism. These include preptin, adropin and irisin. Preptin is a 34 amino acid peptide synthesised primarily in the beta cells of the pancreas, the same cells that are responsible for insulin release, while adropin is a 43 amino acid peptide synthesised mainly in the liver and brain tissue. Both preptin and adropin appear to be involved in the regulation of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, a function that they perform through the regulation of the hormone insulin.
Irisin is a 112 amino acid peptide synthesised primarily in the heart, kidney, liver and salivary glands. Irisin appears to be an anti-obesogenic and anti-diabetogenic agent because it can convert white to brown adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue is highly metabolically active and contains high concentrations of uncoupling proteins, and these function to uncouple substrate oxidation from energy production. In this way irisin may increase heat production, and thus waste energy, causing anti-obesity effects. Irisin therefore may function as a thermogenic regulator and in this way be heavily involved in the natural regulation of body weight through the regulation of energy efficiency. In mice at least, irisin is a product of exercise. Exercise causes an increase in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ, and this results in the production of a precursor peptide (FNDC5) that is cleaved to form irisin. Therefore an increase in thermogenesis may be one of the benefits of exercise that helps with the regulation of body weight, through modulation by irisin.
How Good Are Plant Proteins?
Water Cress: The Forgotten Brassica Vegetable
Watercress is a semi-aquatic plant with alternate toothed leaves and small white flowers. The watercress plant is native to Western and central Europe, and can be found in the United Kingdom growing in streams and ditches. The popularity of watercress as a food has caused its distribution to spread, and the plant is now cultivated all over the World for use as a salad dressing. Watercress is a member of the mustard (brassica) family of vegetables (also called cruciferous vegetables) that include cauliflower, radish, brussels sprouts, horse radish, cabbage, bok choy and rapeseed. Nutritionally watercress possesses many of the same nutritional quantities of other brassica family vegetables which include a high content of vitamin C, and this explains its historical use as a cure for scurvy. The bitter taste of the herb make it a useful addition to salads. However this bitter taste is caused by the presence of chemicals called glucosinolates, and these give watercress some interesting medicinal properties. Glucosinolates are also found in other brassica family vegetables.
Glucosinolates are a group of naturally occurring sulphur and nitrogen containing compounds that are thought to play a role in the defence of plants from predators. Upon tissue damage to the plant, glucosinolates are brought into contact with a group of enzymes called myrosinases, which convert the glucosinolates to isothiocyanates such as allyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol. These isothiocyanates give watercress and other brassica family vegetables their pungent taste. Isothiocyanates are bioavailable and once absorbed are thought to provide a potent anti-cancer effect in mammals. In particular isothiocyanates may improve detoxification pathways in the liver and provide antioxidant defence. In this way isothiocyanates may increase the elimination of and also limit the genetic damage caused by carcinogenic compounds. As well as vitamin C and glucosinolates, watercress also contains high levels of carotenoids, various B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E and various minerals including iodine, manganese, calcium and iron.
Antioxidant Synergism
The Wulzen Factor (Stigmasterol)
The Wulzen anti-stiffness factor is a compound that was originally discovered in molasses and unpasteurised cream. Its discoverer Rosalind Wulzen, showed that the compound could reverse the calcification of joints in osteoarthritis. More recently the Wulzen factor has been identified in a larger range of foods including legumes, nuts, seeds, vegetables and unpasteurised dairy produce. Chemically the Wulzen factor is actually a phytosterol called stigmasterol. Stigmasterol along with its chemically related campesterol and sitosterol are produced in plants and are structurally related to cholesterol. A number of 5-alpha saturated derivatives of the sterols called stanols (campostanon, sitostanol and stigmastanol) are also known to be present in plants and have been isolated in the diets of humans. The intake of sterols and stanols in the diet is naturally low in humans and absorption is very poor. However, supplements and fortified foods containing sterols and stanols are now available and this can increase intake considerably.
Recently interest in phytosterols has increased because of research suggesting that they can inhibit the absorption of dietary cholesterol. This may result from the ability of phytosterols to compete with the absorption of cholesterol in the gut, thereby lowering plasma levels. However, as endogenous synthesis of cholesterol accounts for most of the circulating cholesterol, and due to the fact that synthesis increases as dietary intake falls, it is unclear as to how plant sterols such as stigmasterol actually cause changes in plasma lipoprotein cholesterol. Some evidence from human cell culture experiments suggest that some of the dietary sterols actually inhibit human cholesterol biosynthesis, which is a more reasonable explanation for the observed effects of their ingestion. Whatever the mode of action, human studies clearly show a plasma cholesterol lowering effect for dietary sterols. However their long term health benefits for this purpose have not been investigated and are therefore unknown.
Another important health role for sterols and stanols may be as anti-cancer agents. Rats fed carcinogens develop fewer tumours if concomitantly fed plant sterols. Originally it was thought that sterols may alter rates of colorectal cancer by the modification to bile acid production. However, animal studies showing protective effects do not always show changes to bile acid synthesis rates and so other mechanisms of action may be apparent. Other studies have suggested that the addition of sterols to the diets of animals may inhibit carcinogenesis due to a reduction in cell proliferation in the mucosa of the gut. However, plant sterols may also have antioxidant effects, and as the aetiology of cancer may involve the generation of free radicals, the antioxidant capacity of plant sterols may explain some of their therapeutic effects against cancer and other diseases. The ability of stigmasterol to block the breakdown of cartilage explains its original capacity to lessen the symptoms associated with osteoarthritis as discovered by Wulzen.
Ready Made Breakfast Cereals
A Note on Beetroot
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is known for its deep green and succulent leaves that are often added to salads. Spinach leaves are nutritionally packed full of essential nutrients including magnesium, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin K, folic acid and iron. In addition, spinach is also a good source of phytochemicals including the carotenoids beta carotene and the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin. These phytochemicals contribute significantly to the antioxidant capacity of the leaves. The beetroot plant (Chenopodiaceae) is related to spinach and its leaves are of a similar nutritional quality and are a useful alternative for salads. Like spinach leaves, beetroot leaves also contain high concentrations of phytochemicals including a number of carotenoids. Magnesium, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin C and iron also characterise the nutritional profile of beetroot leaves. Beetroot consumption has traditionally been associated with improvements in bowel function and liver detoxification.
However, beetroot also contains an edible root attached to its edible leaves, and this makes almost the entire plant available for consumption. The carbohydrate content (10 grams) of beetroot comprises mainly of sugar (8 grams), however the presence of high amounts of fibre and a high water content nullify any negative health effects associated with simple sugars. The purple colour of the root is due to the presence of betalains, pigments present in a number of plants (including beetroot, carnations and cacti) that replace the normal purple anthocyanin pigments common to most plants. Betalains differ from anthocyanins in that the former contains a nitrogen within their structure. Betalains can be further split into the subclasses betacyanins and betaxanthins. Evidence suggests that antioxidant effects of betacyanins may explain the ability of beetroot to protect from colon cancer. Betacyanins may also be able to lower plasma cholesterol levels.
Vitamin D in Multivitamin And Multimineral Formulas
Hawthorn for Cardiovascular Health
Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a European thorny shrub that is often found in hedgerows, hence its alternative name hedgethorn. Its trimmed presence in hedgerows hides its usual size, with the hawthorn three being able to reach heights of around 10 meters. Hawthorn is interesting nutritionally because both its blossom (flowers) and its berries can be used medicinally to treat various forms of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, angina, congestive heart failure and high blood pressure. The ability of hawthorn to treat cardiovascular disease is thought to relate to the presence of high concentrations of flavonoids in its berries, leaves and blossoms. In particular the berries and flowers are rich sources of the blue, red and purple anthocyanin group of flavonoids, a feature that is common to all berries including grapes. Anthocyanins have been shown to have particularly beneficial effects against the development of cardiovascular disease, possibly because they are strong antioxidants but may also regulate gene function.
The antioxidant activity of hawthorn flavonoids is interesting, because one of the known effects is an ability to raise cellular levels of other antioxidants. In particular, anthocyanins may raise tissue levels of vitamin C and reduced glutathione. This occurs because the anthocyanins can partake in some of the chain quenching reactions normally undertaken by vitamin C or glutathione and in this regard spare the latter and thus boost tissue levels. The flavonoids and their associated higher concentrations of vitamin C may improve the synthesis and integrity of collagen. As collagen is required for the correct formation of healthy blood vessels, flavonoids may help stabilise the vasculature, improve healing rates of micro adhesions, and improve elasticity. The antioxidant effects of anthocyanins may also increase the production of nitric oxide in the endothelial cells of the arteries and this may allow for correct dilation in response to blood flow, thus facilitating normal blood pressure regulation, preventing hypertension.
The antioxidant effects of flavonoids in hawthorn berries and flowers are also likely involved in combating systemic inflammation. Inflammation is increasingly being seen as part of the aetiology of cardiovascular disease, with the end product of the inflammatory process being an increase in the production of free radicals and subsequent tissue damage. Hawthorne anthocyanins, like most dietary flavonoids, may reduce inflammation and thus decrease one of the factors required for the development of lesions in the arteries that may ultimately contribute to atherosclerosis. The flavonoids in hawthorn berries and flowers have also been shown to increase the force of contraction in heart muscle. This effects was however not due to an improvement in blood flow to the heart, but was suspected to be caused by interactions of the flavonoids with particular enzymes in the heart muscle tissue (such as cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase), the result of which was to cause greater energy concentrations within the heart cells. This makes hawthorn a useful treatment for congestive heart failure.
Five Easy Things You Can Do Now That Will Cause Fa...


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Five questions for Meg Campbell
How effective is Peyton's pizza pitch? Leeds professor slices through hype
With the exception of grading, Margaret "Meg" Campbell loves nearly everything about her job as a professor of marketing at the Leeds School of Business at the University of Colorado Boulder – the teaching; interacting with students who, she says, keep you young in a way that other jobs don't; the research; and having the gift of time to reflect on the issues she studies – consumers and why they do what they do in the marketplace.
Campbell double majored in psychology and economics as an undergraduate at Stanford. She worked in the lab of a "fabulous social psychologist," Lee Ross, and he encouraged her to get a Ph.D. in psychology. "But I was torn because I was fascinated with business and the business world, and with the speed of business as opposed to what I perceived as a slower trajectory of work in academia." She decided to work and during that time realized what she really wanted was that slower trajectory where there is time to contemplate. "What's difficult in the business world is there's a lot of time used for putting out fires and less time for reflection than I think is ideal for making good decisions." Another Stanford professor, James March, opened Campbell's eyes to the possibility of business academia as a career path. There she could combine the same research skills she would as a psychologist with her interests in marketing.
Before coming to CU in 2000, Campbell was on the faculty at UCLA.
"L.A. is a great city, especially before you have children; it's less of a great city after you have children," she says. A change in lifestyle was needed and she wanted to be at a university known for its research. "This opportunity came up and it seemed perfect in terms of enabling me to have the kind of research environment I wanted and an active student body, and have a place to live with my family that was a little bit more conducive to sanity."
1. Some of your research focuses on the success or failure of using celebrities as the faces of brands or products. What has your research found?
Our most recent research adds to our understanding of the way consumers process the role of celebrity endorsements. Celebrities, like all people, have both positive and negative parts of who they are. Brands use celebrities for a couple of reasons. One is attention. Consumers are more likely to pay attention if Peyton Manning is the endorser than if Joe Blow the model is in the ad. Another reason that brands use celebrities is to borrow their associations. In essence, the brand uses a celebrity spokesperson to transfer to itself the meaning the celebrity has built in consumers' minds. The idea is that people will learn something about the brand and the personality of the brand because of who is chosen as the celebrity endorser. Companies look for a celebrity who has the association and traits they want and then hire that person. What they don't do is pay attention to all of a person's traits. Companies act as if only desirable traits will transfer to the brand. Our research questioned whether there was any difference in the way positive and negative traits transfer, and our hypothesis was that, for a variety of reasons, negative traits are more likely to transfer. And that's what our research showed. Negative information can be very potent.
As an example, Madonna was hired to be an endorser for Pepsi. She's sexy and powerful. She's got these positive associations, but on the flip side, she has negative interpretations. Some see her as sexy in a positive way and others see her negatively as lewd or licentious. Importantly, the same person can see her as both. What Pepsi found is that they got the controversial, licentious kind of transfer rather than the positive, sexy transfer they had been hoping for.
An example of a person who has worked well as a spokesperson is Michael Jordan, because he doesn't tend to have dominant negative traits. He's been an amazing spokesperson over the years for a variety of brands.
2. Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning, according to a report by Nielsen Co., is the most popular sports marketing and endorsement figure among fathers. Do consumers really buy Papa John's Pizza or DirecTV, for instance, because he's connected with the brand?
There are a lot of factors going on in terms of why people buy the brands they buy. They don't buy because of a celebrity, but the evidence shows that celebrity endorsements can be effective in increasing sales. Part of it is because the consumer is more likely to pay attention. That notion of attracting attention to a brand is a very powerful aspect of why celebrity endorsements can work. It starts you thinking about Papa John's Pizza. The endorsement gets the product into the consideration set, or a brand that people think about when they are given a choice. It's really powerful if Manning helps you think about Papa John's as a viable pizza brand. Consumers don't say, "Peyton is there so I'm going to buy that pizza," but they are more likely to think of Papa John's on the way home when they are late for dinner and thinking about picking up a pizza. The association of Manning and Papa John's is more likely to have a positive effect that drives decisions.
3. You often hear the phrase "sex sells." Are there other ways to attract a consumer to a product such as sex or humor?
There is a class of techniques that marketers use that many people put under the term "borrowed interest." The idea is that companies want to borrow interests that people have in order to gain interest in their message. Borrowing interest in Peyton Manning gets us to pay more attention. So do babies and dogs, sex and humor. Anything that is inherently interesting to us as consumers can be attached to a message. The risk of doing that – and it's a very big risk – is that people pay attention to what they had the interest for but not the brand. You've been at a party where people say, "I saw the funniest ad on TV last night but I don't remember who it was for." That's a bad ad. The brand was trying to borrow the interest by setting up a funny situation that the consumer was interested in, but the consumer didn't process the message. It's a real art to successfully borrow interest and make it work for your brand. It works much better if there's a clear relationship, for instance, sex selling Victoria's Secret garments. Unless people are offended, the connection is easier to remember. Consumers will say, "I'll look sexy if I buy Victoria's Secret products."
Humans are sense-makers. Sometimes we're good at trying to make sense of the market place. But if you are a marketer and you make it hard for consumers to make sense of it, it will decrease the memory for your brand.
4. What would you suggest people do to become better-educated consumers and cut through the marketing "hype"?
Overall, try to be conscious of what's going on. Some of my research focuses on persuasion knowledge, a term for the idea that all of us, as consumers and in other human roles, have learned things over a lifetime about the way marketers or other people try to persuade us. The evidence shows that if you actively think about what people are doing to try to persuade you, then you very often will make better choices. You won't always resist being persuaded because sometimes you are actually happy to be persuaded. If I go to a sporting goods store and don't know which set of weights to buy, I may value the information a salesperson provides and his attempt to influence me toward one or the other. But if you are making a very important decision, like buying a car, you should take a friend. The evidence is clear that an observer can be more objective and apply persuasion knowledge more cleanly than we can in the heat of the moment. Stepping back with the help of a friend – or just stepping back mentally – can help people make decisions they are happier with.
5. What does your current research on consumers entail?
I'm doing some work on how to help consumers pursue goals successfully in a variety of domains. I want to understand how consumers think about progressing toward their goals in order to help them do that more effectively. There are a variety of consumption goals, things like completing a college education, buying a car that gets me to work on time, achieving financial security or saving for a vacation. Smaller goals might be maintaining a healthy weight or exercising more regularly.
Caleb Warren, a former doctoral student here, and I are looking at how people determine the movement toward their goals. People often make mistakes in terms of monitoring the effects of their behaviors on long-term goal success, so this is an area where we think our research can help improve consumers' goal pursuit.
New scholarship fund supports underrepresented local students at Leeds
CU's economic impact: $12.35 billion annually


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Q: code read few lines from a text file in C I want to create a program to read the first 3 lines from a text file that has 9 lines. Please help me with the below code and point out what I am doing wrong.
Further is it possible to read 3-6 lines in the text file?
Thanks for any help.
char name1[20], name2[20], name3[20];
FILE *fp = fopen("names.txt", "r");
while(3 == fscanf(fp, "%20[^\n]%*c%20[^\n]%*c%20[^\n]%*c", name1, name2, name3)){
    printf("%s, %s, %s\n", name1, name2, name3);
}
fclose(fp);

A: Any time you find yourself naming variables with numeric suffixes, you should probably be using an array. So instead of three arrays name1, name2, and name3, use a 2-dimensional array:
#define LINES 3
#define LINESIZE 20
char name[LINES][LINESIZE];

Then you can read the lines in a loop, and it will be easy to change the number of lines.
for (int i = 0; i < LINES; i++) {
    if (fgets(name[i], LINESIZE, fp) == NULL) {
        break;
    }
    // Remove trailing newline if it's there
    size_z len = strlen(name[i]);
    if (name[i][len-1] == '\n') {
        name[i][len-1] = '\0';
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Permanent cosmetic enhancement is a revolutionary beauty treatment used to define eyes, brows, lips and cheeks. The result is a soft, natural finish that imitates perfectly applied make-up, a subtle enhancement.
Excellent for athletes, trainers, swimmers etc.
You will be given a thorough consultation in which colour, placement and finish is discussed before your treatment. Using the most advanced new equipment coloured pigments are applied to the dermal layer of the skin and discomfort is minimal.
Ruth Kane has been fully trained with Finishing Touches in Cosmetic and Medical Tattooing. Finishing Touches are market leaders. Ruth Kane sees all Nakedhealth Clients for this treatment.
Medical Tattooing (for example areola) prices will be quoted at the consultation.
Is permanent cosmetic enhancement a form of tattooing?
Permanent cosmetic enhancement also known as semi permanent make-up and micro-pigmentation is an advanced form of tattooing, however the pigments are not infused as deeply in to the skin and therefore your enhancement will not have the permanency of a conventional tattoo. The pigments replicate the colour choices available with conventional cosmetics, enabling us to achieve subtle translucent results..
What will I look like immediately after my procedure?
The colour will appear a darker shade than the desired result for between 4 - 14 days after the procedure and mild redness and swelling may be apparent for a few days.
How long will my look last?
Permanent cosmetic enhancement can last for many years but softer neutral enhancements tend to fade faster, normally requiring a colour boost every 12 months to maintain their fresh appearance.


By Rupal Parekh . Published on September 19, 2013.
Publicis Groupe is positively insatiable.
The Paris-based company -- while awaiting approval of a merger with Omnicom Group to make it the biggest ad giant in the world -- is continuing on a digital acquisition spree, with its latest conquest being well-respected shop Poke, London.
"Poke is a company that we have admired for some time," said Jean-Yves Naouri, Publicis Groupe's chief operating officer, in a statement. "This acquisition will further strengthen our Publicis UK offering by adding a new level of digital expertise, creativity and innovation to the Publicis UK group of agencies."
Small, digital deals in markets around the world are part of a stated strategy by Publicis to its shareholders back in April. Just last month, it bought U.S.-based digital shop Engauge.
Terms of the Poke deal were not disclosed, but Campaign magazine put the price at less than $20 million, nothing that Mother London had a 50% stake in the company, and the four founding partners would stay on with an earn-out after three years.
Poke was founded in 2001 and now has 60 staffers in London and 25 in New York. It's speciality has been social media, e-commerce, digital architecture and mobile advertising development for clients such as Orange, Mulberry, the BBC, Ted Baker and Skype.
One of its award-winning hits was Balloonacy, a campaign for the telecom Orange that was launched in 2008. It sent 40,000 virtual hot air balloon travelers across 3,000 different sites and 63 million internet miles in a mad two-week race to win a group vacation in Ibiza. The agency's been known to turn out solid talent too; one of its founders was Iain Tait, who went on to become global interactive creative director at Wieden & Kennedy before joining Google Creative Lab last year.
After a dozen years as an independent firm, Poke will now be folded into Publicis' UK operations. The agency will sit alongside Publicis London, Publicis Chemistry and Publicis Blueprint, to help inject more digital expertise into those offerings for clients.
"We've had very successful and rewarding working relationships with Publicis Conseil in France and Publicis Chemistry in the UK for some time working across Orange and Everything Everywhere and the new partnership is simply a natural and positive evolution of these relationships," said Nick Farnhill, POKE founding partner and CEO in a statement. "Particularly appealing is the opportunity to develop digital communication solutions beyond advertising with our new UK partners, the capacity to operate more effectively internationally and the potential of exciting career opportunities for our team. Digital isn't one thing. It's everything. So you can't get far without productive partnerships."
The agency's counterparts at the New York outpost of Poke, however don't share the same view as Mr. Farnhill. Execs there were not onboard with the deal and so they plan to separate from Poke, London to avoid being swept up in the Publicis deal.
Michael Kantrow and Tom Ajello, the founding partners of Poke's New York office -- which has worked with cleints such as Sephora, American Express, Dyson, Avon, Coach and the Weather Channel -- are spinning off their own digital shop and rebranding it as Makeable.
Messrs. Kantrow and Ajello, who opened Poke's Big Apple operation in 2007, completed a management buyout of the company from its parent Poke London in advance of Publicis' acquisition. Mother Holdings, which had been a shareholder in Poke New York, will remain a minority investor in the newly-formed shop Makeable. The agency has also pulled in new investors, including Rob Dickson, the former managing director at MDC partners.
"Every time you turn around there is another mega-agency 'roll-up,'" said Mr. Ajello in a statement. "Their intended message is 'bigger is better.' The truth is that it's a tremendous competitive advantage to fiercely maintain your independence and agility. That's why we are winning the all-out war for innovation engagements and outstanding design and technology talent. Our primary motivation isn't size, its quality."


In the spirit of our local pioneers and entrepreneurs, this fun family event will provide an opportunity to explore hands-on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) activities presented by local educational non-profits and vendors, orchard-themed games and activities, a kid's cooking demonstration, and guided tours of the historic J. Gilbert Smith house and orchard. An apricot specialty tasting competition will add to the festivities. The community is invited to enter favorite apricot appetizers, jams, entrees, or desserts for tasting by a celebrity panel of judges. Visitors may also join the tasting as a People's Choice Judge by purchasing a $5 badge for each category at the fair. Deadline to enter the competition is June 1. For more information see https://www.losaltoshistory.org/apricotSTEM.
The event will be held in the Museum Main Gallery and outside patio courtyard. Free admission.


text:
How to Grow a Small Business: growth marketing for startups
Posted by Ashley Wells | Jul 23, 2021 | Latest News | 0 |
Today we are going to talk about startup growth. This is part two of our growth video, which you can find in the description. The reason I know any of this is because I'm the CEO of a company called Slidebean, and for our first few years, I handled most of our initial marketing experiments. In the previous video, we talked about the 19 growth channels available globally, so in this episode, I will talk about the ones that we've tried, the ones that failed, and the ones that worked.
This is how to grow a small business, part II. Big disclaimer, these tactics apply to our particular case: a SaaS company with a presentation design product that saves (a tremendous amount) of time. These might or might not apply to you, but hopefully, they can give you some ideas. Another detail is that we measure these tactics by their success in terms of ROI. Time (which means money) spent in a campaign and revenue obtained. Here are the channels that we tried and failed: Public Relations.
In the early days, we focused a lot of time and effort on being featured by the press. There's this thing about being featured on TechCrunch. This validation of being hosted on this startup site. Our first TC publication gave us around 10,000 sign ups- but after that, most of our PR has had a low impact on signups and revenue. We've been in TC a couple more times, and TheNextWeb, and others- but the impact in terms of revenue has never been clear. While there's a brand awareness benefit, it's very intangible.
Side topic: Brand Awareness vs. Direct Response This brings me to a side topic: Brand Awareness vs. Direct Response. There are two broad categories of marketing efforts to position a product or service. Direct Response refers to all the campaigns that have a measurable impact on revenue, or at least in leads. You can very clearly calculate the cost of the campaign vs. the revenue received or leads obtained. Brand Awareness campaigns are intangible. You can measure the impact of impressions or top of mind, but there's no way to know how much revenue gets generated. Many Social Media efforts, billboards are brand awareness campaigns.
Don't get me wrong; Brand Awareness can go a long way- they empower your brand, which translates into measurable KPIs such as conversion rates. However, it's a long term bet, and we, startups, need quicker results. A tech startup should spend 3/4 of their time and money on Direct Response and the remaining 1/4 on brand awareness. That's the way we do it, at least. Press has been a Brand Awareness campaign for us, for the most part. And that 1/4 of our marketing efforts is currently going to other movements that have more impact. The same way people become ad-blind, we are much better at detecting Promotional emails. And Gmail is too. We've never seen a lot of success with emails. We have around 1,000,000 emails from people that have signed up for our product or our newsletters at some point, but it's tough to provide value to such a massive email base.
Also, we have to be careful about getting flagged. Even though we follow all the guidelines of the SPAM act: unsubscribe button. Gmail gets pretty sensitive if we send a lot of emails in a short period and starts sending them to the spam folder. This happens, likely, due to low open rates and some users clicking that nasty 'mark as spam button. There's also the cost of a mailing system that can hold 1,000,000 emails. It's in the thousands of dollars a month. We prefer, instead, to focus emails on the audience of active users who want to hear from us, and email works great to stay in touch with them! But we mustn't abuse it. Business development is a must- and we do it- but it's not a channel to scale our product. Even though most of our customers are small businesses, our customer acquisition cycle is B2C. The only way to win is to get thousands of customers through our funnel, and that is more easily achieved with the channels we'll cover in a minute.
We have an affiliate program, you can make around $30 for every customer you bring to us, but so far, only a handful of users have come from our affiliates. Not something we rely on to the scale. We've done a few meetups and love doing them- they don't translate into sales. More of a Brand Awareness thing. Some of that 1/4 of the time/budget will continue to go to these. I do public speaking events all the time, and I'm always thrilled to be invited- but It's tough to get people to take action after listening to you on stage. Once again, a Brand Awareness thing. Enough with the fails. Let's talk about the channels that have worked- I think this is one of the most critical growth channels out there. Let me explain.
The core difference between Google Search ads and display ads is a concept called Moment of Intent. Facebook is good at targeting people based on their behaviour. We know very well, how bad that can be. However, when you see an ad for a presentation platform on Facebook, or for any product for that matter, it's disrupting your experience. You're there to do something else, and these ads are in the way. You are not ready to buy; you are not even planning to buy- the moment of intent is far away. On the other hand, search ads are well targeted at the right moment of intent: if you are on your cell phone, looking for a car towing service, you are very likely in need of a towing service right now. If you are looking for a platform to make a pitch deck, you know you need a pitch deck. You are just looking for a service to help you with it. The decision is made — the moment of intent.
This is why search ads are generally costly, more expensive than display ads, but at the same time, they are one of the most direct ways to convert customers. We spend over $100,000/yr on Search ads and make at least $300,000 in revenue. If you can crack the code on SEM, then the next obvious step is SEO. We made a video about this on our very early Youtube channel- where a drunk me tries to explain this while drinking shots. Not our best Youtube times. The idea here is, only about 10% of Youtube Searches end up clicking an ad. The other 90% goes for organic results. The problem is, appearing in those organic results takes a lot of work: years of optimization, hundreds of articles, and thousands of dollars.
You only want to do that when you know, for a fact, that the audience is there and that it's going to convert. That's where SEM is vital. Basic steps, Identify keywords that your customers are looking for. Pay some ads, and test if the CAC economics work: you make more money than what it costs you to acquire a customer. If the economics don't work, you have to adjust your conversion funnel or your pricing even- until this works. When it does, you know that you can make money back with customer conversions and scale your budget. You know that you are going to get the money back. So, it doesn't matter.
And finally, once you have these keywords, work on ranking organically for them- which is, of course, a ton of work that will take a lot of time. Our engineering as a marketing product was born as a new startup idea, but it became a fantastic lead generator and brand awareness/strengthening mechanism. It's called FounderHub. It's a checklist for starting a company with excellent documentation on how to solve the legal bits, the business strategy, and the launch. It's free, but by the time you get to fundraising, we hope you'll consider using our product.
You are watching our content marketing efforts right now. And they work. To give you an idea, this channel now gets around 250,000 views per month, and it's still growing. Do you know how much those Youtube sponsorships cost? It's usually a 5-digit number. And we get the same exposure for free. We ask every one of our customers where they heard about us. In September 2019, at least $20,000 in revenue came from people that specifically said they came from Youtube. It took us years to figure it out, we still spend around $5,000/mo in making these videos (we made a video about that), but it's all worth it.
Before Youtube, our content marketing focused on the blog- and it worked as well. It was an essential part of our SEO strategy. But who reads blogs anymore? We also come up with actionable items, like telling you that if you want your presentations to look like this, you can sign up for one free month on any of our plans by using the link in the description. See? Last but not least, Social & Display Ads: We mostly use these to close the conversion loop. Maybe you watched this video, and then you start seeing our ad everywhere.
Well, that's a lot better and cheaper than just pushing those ads to strangers who have never seen our logo. We also use these display ads as part of our onboarding. Different users in different parts of our sales cycles see ads to help put them back into the funnel or show a feature that they might be missing. And that is how Slidebean uses the channels of growth. We'd love to hear what your company uses, and if you want me to dig deeper into any of these, let me know in the comments.
"An idea not coupled with action will never get any bigger than the brain cell it occupied." – Arnold Glasow.
"People may doubt what you say, but they will believe what you do." – Lewis Cass.
"The path to success is to take massive, determined actions." – Tony Robbins.
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There is nothing like having your own online business. You make the decisions, and as one song says, you "win or learn." However, creating your own company can be tricky, especially if you build from the ground up. There will be constant questions that must be answered, such as:
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Without accurate facts and data, wrong decisions get made. When a fork in the road comes up, a turn can become a dead end.
What is the most common way to find information right now? If you said, "Google it!" you are right.
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One of the most damaging falsehoods also known as a scam is the type that asks for people to "invest" in a company. Then, that company will help the person earn unbelievable amounts of money.
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Deloitte Japan held its first ever Diversity Week from September 5th to 13th 2016. The aim of Diversity Week is to provide a further step in the promotion of diversity by understanding and noticing that we are all subject to diversity ourselves, which is a change from the 'diversity is about others' traditional point of view.
Diversity week is meant to be a first step in making our professionals aware of the fact that rather than diversity being about "someone else" it's actually about "themselves". Experiencing this firsthand is bound to lead to an actual change in conduct, which is our ultimate aim.
Here are the details of Diversity Week's topics.
We were able to think about the new management style (Ikubosu) that will be necessary to deal with the evolving diversification of human talent, as well as how we can imagine the next generation of management who will grow with the organization and strengthen team work.
An Ikubosu is not a boss in the midst of childcare, but a professional (management and managers, women and men alike) who is able to enjoy a good balance in his or her own private life and work while advancing the company's results through supporting and thinking of subordinate staff's work life balance.
During the second half of the workshop 'You are an Ikubosu!' we were able to discuss about and come up with practical behavior based on the theory of what an Ikubosu should look like.
The first half of the workshop introduced the work and concept of Tohmatsu Challenged and the various types of staff they employ. We were able to learn about the variety of work the Tohmatsu Challenged staff and their support staff do; although we share the same workplace a lot of this information was new.
The second half of the workshop helped us visualize actually working with colleagues with a disability, and we had a lively discussion on a concrete case by answering the question 'is your work environment ready for professionals with disabilities?
Professionals with disabilities have the wish and will to contribute to our organization; this workshop gave us the information and tools to understand and think about how we need to change our organization in order to give them that opportunity.
As Japan is the country with the world's fastest aging population, anyone with a family will potentially have to face a long-term care situation in the future. It is vital to recognize that fact and to be prepared for it, which will be a great support when a long-term care situation arises.
During this workshop we were able to get an overview of the long-term care services and institutions available to us. We also learned how important it is to support people who are in long-term care situations in the workplace, as a co-worker or as their boss, even if we are not facing this situation ourselves.
LGBT stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender. According to a 2015 Dentsu survey of 7000 people, 7.6% identified themselves as LGBT. This means that in a group of 30 people on average 2 will identify as LGBT.
Many people choose not to come out as LGBT because they are afraid of discrimination or prejudice, which is why it may seem that there are no LGBT around. They feel unable to speak about their life in the workplace, their performance goes down and there are cases where people quit their job.
Discrimination and prejudice are born from a lack of information. It's very important to broaden the understanding about LGBT, rather than assume that there are none among us. That is exactly why our firm chose to organize workshops with LGBT representatives who can speak from their own experience. Hearing their stories was a real eye-opener, and it enabled the participants to think about their own prejudice.
The Q&A session was very enlightening and gave us tools to better interact with not only people from the LGBT community but with all our co-workers.
On the last day of Diversity Week we were able to re-learn the benefits of diversity management as well as learn about the unconscious biases that we all possess. We were given tools to recognize our own unconscious biases, and explained the appropriate action we should take.
Having unconscious biases doesn't only influence our own and the other person's speech and conduct but also our own performance. If allowed to happen, it pulls down the performance of the entire company.
In this workshop we were able to recognize our own unconscious biases and learned that countering unconscious bias leads to building an organization that welcomes Diversity & Inclusion.