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White House downplays Secret Service estimate of COVID fraud
The White House downplayed a statement by the U.S. Secret Service that nearly $100 billion at minimum has been stolen from COVID-19 relief programs, saying Wednesday that the estimate is based on old reports.
White House press secretary Jen Psaki, when asked to comment on the figure, said, "There is no new research, data or analysis of fraud here."
The Secret Service told The Associated Press on Tuesday that the estimate is based on Secret Service cases and data from the Labor Department and the Small Business Administration.
An agency spokesperson said Wednesday that they were not amending a statement on their website, but did add a clarifying note to explain the figure is based on reports from the Labor Department and the Small Business Administration and that the Secret Service was not producing a new report.
"There isn't a correction to be made, we just explicitly posted on the release's webpage the same info we discussed yesterday," Justine Whelan, a spokesperson for the Secret Service, wrote in an email Wednesday.
Psaki said "there was just an adding up" of two old reports of well-known challenges involving small business loans and unemployment insurance payments. "It's also important to note that even those two older analyses combined payments that include mistakes in over and under payments but it was a reference to two older IG reports."
The Secret Service didn't include COVID-19 fraud cases prosecuted by the Justice Department in its estimate Tuesday.
The COVID-19 relief programs were set up to help businesses and people who lost their jobs due to the pandemic.
Roy Dotson, the new national pandemic fraud recovery coordinator for the Secret Service, discussed the fraud in an interview Tuesday. While roughly 3% of the $3.4 trillion dispersed, the amount stolen from pandemic benefits programs shows "the sheer size of the pot is enticing to the criminals," Dotson said.
Most of that figure comes from unemployment fraud. The Labor Department reported about $87 billion in unemployment benefits could have been paid improperly, with a significant portion attributable to fraud.
The Secret Service said it has seized more than $1.2 billion while investigating unemployment insurance and loan fraud and has returned more than $2.3 billion of fraudulently obtained funds by working with financial partners and states to reverse transactions. The Secret Service says it has more than 900 active criminal investigations into pandemic fraud, with cases in every state, and 100 people have been arrested so far.
The Justice Department said last week that its fraud section had prosecuted over 150 defendants in more than 95 criminal cases and had seized over $75 million in cash proceeds derived from fraudulently obtained Paycheck Protection Program funds, as well as numerous real estate properties and luxury items purchased with the proceeds.
One of the best-known programs created through the March 2020 CARES Act, PPP offered low-interest, forgivable loans to small businesses struggling to meet payroll and other expenses during pandemic-related shutdowns.
The Pandemic Response Accountability Committee brings together agents from its 22 member inspectors general to investigate fraud involving a variety of programs, including the PPP. They have led or participated in pandemic fraud investigations leading to 818 arrests, 1,134 indictments, and 391 convictions, the committee said Tuesday.
Law enforcement early in the pandemic focused on fraud related to personal protective equipment, the Secret Service said. Authorities have now prioritized the exploitation of pandemic-related relief because the federal funding through the CARES Act attracted the attention of individuals and organized criminal networks worldwide.
Dotson, who is the Secret Service's assistant special agent in charge of the agency's field office in Jacksonville, Florida, said that while they can't stop fraud, they can prosecute those that need to be prosecuted and recover as much fraudulent pandemic funds as they can.
Associated Press writers Darlene Superville and Alexandra Jaffe contributed to this report.
Jennifer Mcdermott, The Associated Press
Ontario's winter storm cleanup expected to take all week
Ontarians have no choice but to dig out from a severe winter storm. But it's not just the snow making news. Jeff Semple explains why an Ottawa boy named Clayton McGuire is being hailed a hero, and how Ontario Premier Doug Ford's storm response is prompting mixing reviews.
Tories urged to reconsider compromise on documents about fired scientists
OTTAWA — Government House leader Mark Holland is urging the Conservatives to reconsider their rejection of a compromise proposal that would allow MPs to finally see unredacted documents related to the firing of two scientists at Canada's highest security laboratory. In a letter to his Conservative counterpart, Gerard Deltell, Holland repeats his proposal to allow a special all-party, security-cleared committee to review all the documents, aided by three former senior judges who would decide whet
Italian villa with Caravaggio mural up for auction
A villa in Rome, containing the only known ceiling painted by Italian artist Caravaggio, went on the auction block Tuesday, January 18. Its estimated value is 471 million euros, or 533 million dollars. A judge ordered the auction of Villa Ludovisi following an inheritance dispute between the heirs of a noble family and their step-mother, a Texas-born princess.
Highlights of Today in History: Iran releases American hostages; Ronald Reagan and John F. Kennedy inaugurated as President. (Jan. 20)


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Isabelle d'Este (née le  à Ferrare et morte le  à Mantoue) est une aristocrate qui fut, comme sa sœur cadette la duchesse de Milan Béatrice, une des femmes les plus importantes de la Renaissance et une figure à la fois culturelle et politique de tout premier plan. Elle est restée célèbre dans l'histoire comme la Première dame de la Renaissance.

Biographie
Isabelle d'Este est la fille aînée d'Hercule  d'Este, duc de Ferrare, de Modène et de Reggio, et de son épouse Éléonore de Naples, elle-même fille de Ferdinand  de Naples et d'Isabelle de Tarente. Sa plus jeune sœur est Béatrice d'Este, qui épouse le duc de Milan, Ludovic Sforza. Son frère Alphonse devient duc de Ferrare, et Hippolyte est un cardinal influent de la curie.

Fiançailles et mariage
Elle n'a que six ans lorsqu'un contrat de mariage est signé, le , entre les Este et les Gonzague, contrat qui la fiance au fils aîné du marquis Frédéric  de Mantoue et de la belle Marguerite de Bavière, François, alors lui-même âgé de treize ans. Le négociateur mantouan trouve que . (). Elle l'épouse, à Mantoue même, le , âgée de quinze ans. François II de Mantoue est âgé de vingt-trois ans et est depuis 1484, marquis de Mantoue. De leur union naissent huit enfants.

Relations avec Milan
En 1491, Isabelle se rendit avec un petit entourage à Brescello et de là à Pavie, pour accompagner sa sœur Béatrice qui était mariée à Ludovico il Moro. À cette occasion, elle a revu - puisqu'elle l'avait déjà connu enfant à Ferrare - Galeazzo Sanseverino, avec qui elle a entrepris un échange de lettres dense et parfois humoristique. Il faut dire, cependant, que l'identité de l'expéditeur n'est pas certaine et pourrait être le presque homonyme Galeazzo Visconti, comte de Busto Arsizio, courtisan également cher aux ducs.

Entre les deux s'est immédiatement enflammé une dispute, destinée à durer des mois, sur qui était le meilleur paladin, Orlando ou Rinaldo: Galeazzo soutenait le premier, les sœurs d'Este le second. Galeazzo, qui exerçait une forte fascination, réussit bientôt à les convertir tous les deux à la foi d'Orlando, mais Isabella, de retour à Mantoue, revint préférer Rinaldo, de sorte que Galeazzo se souvint d'elle comme " Moi seul suffisait à la faire changer d'avis et crier Rolando! Rolando! », l'invita à suivre l'exemple de sa sœur et jura qu'il la convertirait une deuxième fois, dès qu'ils se reverraient. Isabella répondit en plaisantant qu'elle apporterait alors une grenouille pour l'offenser, et la dispute dura longtemps.

Le 11 février, lui parlant des amusements qu'il a eus avec Béatrice, il lui écrit : « Je m'efforcerai aussi de m'améliorer afin de donner plus de plaisir à la S. V., quand je viendrai la chercher cet été », et déplora le manque de « sa douce compagnie ».  La présence d'Isabelle était en fait très désirée à Milan, non seulement par Galeazzo mais aussi par sa sœur, Ludovico et les autres courtisans, mais la marquise a pu s'y rendre à quelques reprises, car son mari Francesco se méfiait de l'envoyer à elle, jugeant que dans cette cour trop de « folie » ont été commises, et peut-être aussi par jalousie de Ludovico.
Malgré l'affection, Isabelle commença à ressentir de l'envie pour sa sœur Béatrice, d'abord pour le mariage très chanceux qui l'avait touchée et pour les énormes richesses, puis pour les deux fils en parfaite santé qui lui étaient nés peu de temps après, alors qu'elle semblait incapable d'avoir des enfants et en cela suscitait les inquiétudes de sa mère Éléonore, qui l'exhortait continuellement dans des lettres à être aussi proche que possible de son mari. Une certaine haine peut également être vue dans une lettre à sa mère datant de sa visite à Pavie en août 1492, quand, parlant de Béatrice, il a écrit: « elle n'est pas plus grande que moi, mais elle est beaucoup plus grande! »; de la même manière, elle s'est également exprimée à son mari, ne pouvant pas encore savoir, peut-être, que la grossièreté de la sœur était due à la grossesse naissante (elle était au quatrième-cinquième mois).

Ces frictions étaient peut-être aussi liées au fait que Ludovico avait initialement demandé la main d'Isabelle, en 1480, et que cela n'avait pas été possible car, quelques jours plus tôt, le duc Ercole l'avait officiellement promis à Francesco Gonzaga. Malgré tout, en 1492, elle était très proche de Béatrice dans un moment difficile de sa grossesse, c'est-à-dire quand elle a été soudainement frappée par une attaque de fièvres paludéennes, et en 1495, elle est retournée à Milan pour aider sa sœur dans sa deuxième naissance et a également baptisé son neveu Francesco.

À l'été 1494, à l'occasion de la descente des Français en Italie, Béatrice invite sa sœur à Milan pour embrasser Gilbert de Montpensier et d'autres membres de la maison royale, selon la coutume Français. Le secrétaire Benedetto Capilupi a rapporté:

En fait, il ne semble pas que Béatrice ait eu des sentiments contradictoires envers Isabelle, ni qu'elle ait vu d'un mauvais œil la complicité entre cette dernière et son mari Ludovico. Le Moro en effet, qui était de nature généreuse, donnait souvent à Isabelle même des cadeaux très chers: une fois, il lui envoyait quinze bras d'un tissu si précieux qu'il lui coûtait quarante ducats sur son bras - une somme étonnante - en disant qu'il avait déjà fait une robe pour Béatrice..
Après la mort de sa femme, qui a eu lieu en 1497, Ludovico en vint à faire allusion à une relation secrète avec Isabelle, affirmant que c'était par jalousie de sa femme que le marquis Francesco avait joué un double jeu entre lui et la seigneurie de Venise. La rumeur a cependant été rapidement démentie par son père Ercole.
D'autres ont plutôt défini l'attitude de Béatrice envers sa sœur comme un « deuxième enfant complexe » parce que dans la lettre de félicitations à Isabelle pour la naissance de la petite Éléonore - qui, étant une femme, a incroyablement déçu sa mère - elle a ajouté les salutations de son petit fils Hercule à « soa cusina », bien que l'enfant n'ait pas encore atteint l'âge d'un an. quelque chose que des historiens comme Luciano Chiappini ont interprété comme une sorte de moquerie, de « méchanceté raffinée », « une gifle donnée avec grâce et grâce ». En fait, si Isabelle a toujours été la fille la plus aimée de ses parents, Béatrice avait été cédée à son grand-père, et ce n'est qu'avec la naissance du premier-né qu'elle avait obtenu sa propre vengeance.Ayant également reçu des éducations différentes, les deux sœurs étaient à l'opposé l'une de l'autre: Isabelle, plus comme sa mère, était douce, gracieuse et amoureuse de la tranquillité; Béatrice, plus comme son père, était impétueuse, aventureuse et agressive.  Cependant, ils étaient unis par le désir d'exceller en tout.

Un mariage difficile
La relation avec son mari au fil des ans s'est souvent avérée tendue, parfois très tendue, à la fois pour les différences politiques entre les deux et pour la difficulté de procréer un héritier mâle. En vérité, Francesco pour sa part a toujours été très fier de ses filles et ne s'est jamais montré déçu, en effet dès le début il s'est déclaré amoureux de la première-née Eleonora, née en 1493, malgré la déception absolue d'Isabelle qui a refusé sa fille, qui a ensuite été très amoureusement éduquée par sa belle-sœur Elisabetta, qui à cause de l'impuissance de son mari n'a jamais eu d'enfants. Quand en 1496 la deuxième fille Margherita est née, Isabelle était tellement en colère qu'elle a écrit à son mari, qui combattait alors la Français en Calabre, une lettre dans laquelle elle l'a blâmé, déclarant qu'elle ne faisait que récolter les fruits de son semé. François a répondu qu'il était plutôt très heureux de la naissance de sa fille - qui, cependant, n'a pas eu le temps de savoir, étant morte dans des vêtements emmaillotés - et a en effet interdit à quiconque de montrer son mécontentement à son égard.

Ce n'est qu'en 1500 qu'est finalement né le fils tant attendu Federico, qui était le plus aimé d'Isabelle.

Dès qu'elle fait son entrée dans leur ville, les Mantouans sont éblouis par son raffinement. De son côté, elle tombe sous le charme de la petite cour mantovane. Un mois seulement après son arrivée, elle écrit à son père : «J'ai déjà pris tant d'amour à cette ville, que je ne peux pas ne pas prendre soin du respect et des intérêts des citadins ( de li citadini)». Sa contribution est déterminante pour l'avènement d'un nouveau climat culturel très fécond. D'un goût sûr, elle est l'exigeante mécène d'une importante cour d'hommes de lettres, mais aussi de musiciens ou de peintres comme Andrea Mantegna qui décore son studioletto.

Elle est également fort habile et avisée en politique, ayant plusieurs fois à assumer la régence de l'État pendant les nombreuses absences de son mari, notamment durant la très délicate période de la captivité de François II à Venise. Elle est pour cela entourée de conseillers choisis par elle-même et son époux. Elle fait preuve de talent, loyauté et fidélité envers son mari quand bien souvent, ailleurs, règnent la trahison et l'infidélité. Elle est aidée par son prestigieux précepteur, Mario Equicola, qui met ses talents de diplomate au service de la politique de sa protectrice.

En 1493, elle accompagne François II à Venise pour les célèbres fêtes de l'Ascension. Celui-ci s'y rend  avec l'intention d'obtenir une augmentation du prix de location de sa . Grâce à son sens des affaires et sa grande finesse diplomatique qui servent les intérêts de son mari, elle parvient à soutirer  aux Vénitiens, soit le double du paiement initialement envisagé.

En 1509, lors de l'incarcération de François II à Venise, elle convoque un conseil et décrète la mobilisation générale pour sauver le marquisat. Elle entreprend toutes les démarches pour rendre la détention de son époux supportable. Elle lui envoie des poètes et des musiciens pour le distraire ainsi que des portraits des membres de sa famille, et fait tout ce qui est en son pouvoir pour le sortir de sa cellule. Prudente, elle refuse l'envoi de troupes par le roi de France et l'empereur à la rescousse du marquisat et se tourne vers le pape qui envisage un échange d'otages entre son François et son fils Frédéric qui serait alors détenu à Rome et non à Venise. Début 1510, elle et ses conseillers, dont Equicola devenu secrétaire, acceptent l'échange. Elle décide alors de laisser passer les troupes du roi de France, ennemi de François II, pour sauver les possessions de son frère, le duc de Ferrare.

Derrière cette façade toute en beauté et en féminité, se cache un cœur impavide qu'aucun obstacle ne peut arrêter. Elle écrit d'elle-même à son sujet : «Même dans notre sexe se trouve une nature virile (Etiam).» Elle sait user de ses relations familiales, faisant montre d'une volonté forte. Son mari la décrit comme une « femme d'opinion » et dit avoir parfois honte d'une « épouse de cette sorte qui veut toujours en faire à sa manière et à sa tête ». Elle n'hésite pas à offrir les charmes de ses demoiselles de compagnie à des interlocuteurs influents pour infléchir leur décision comme en 1513, quand par ce procédé, elle retient à Milan le vice-roi de Naples pour donner le temps à Alphonse d'Este de renforcer ses positions, face à un assaut imminent .

François II décédé en 1519, à l'âge de 52 ans à peine, et elle lui survit encore vingt ans.

Son adresse charismatique dans la sollicitation lui permet d'obtenir, en 1527, la pourpre cardinalice pour son fils bien-aimé Hercule et, en 1533, la dignité ducale pour son fils aîné Frédéric. Elle réussit à défendre le marquisat et à le faire élever au rang de duché par Charles Quint, l'objectif de toute sa vie.

En 1527, réfugiée à Rome, elle subit l'assaut de son propre fils Ferrante, condottiere au service des adversaires, les gibelins, conduits par les Colonna. Elle protège de nombreux réfugiés du massacre et du pillage, mais doit payer une forte rançon, 52 000 ducats, dont 10 000 sont perçus par Ferrante

Elle meurt en 1539, âgée de 64 ans.

 Apparence et personnalité
Elle a été décrite comme physiquement attirante, bien que dodue; elle possédait des "yeux vifs" et était "d'une grâce vive". L'apparence physique d'Isabelle intéressait le roi de France Charles VIII, coureur de jupons impénitent, qui ayant déjà rencontré sa sœur Béatrice, qu'il avait beaucoup aimée, voulut savoir si Isabelle lui ressemblait, et demanda à l'aumônier Bernardino d'Urbino si elle était plus belle, plus grande, son âge, ses traits, son caractère et ses vertus.

L'aumônier répondit qu'Isabelle surpassait sa sœur en beauté et qu'elle n'était pas plus grande qu'elle, ce qui plaisait beaucoup au roi Charles qui, étant tout aussi petit, ne voulait pas de femmes plus grandes que lui. Jacopo d'Atri communique à la marquise son soupçon que le roi serait venu à Mantoue pour l'embrasser "mille fois" aussi bien qu'il avait embrassé Béatrice, selon la coutume française, et la rassure à cet égard en lui disant que "il n'est pas aussi déformé que le nôtre le décrit" - en fait, Carlo était décrit par les Italiens comme très laid - cependant la rencontre n'a jamais eu lieu, puisque peu de temps après il est rentré en France. Les courtisans de Mantoue ont donc jugé qu'Isabelle était plus belle que Béatrice, mais l'absence de ses portraits ne permet pas une comparaison sûre entre les deux, qui distingue la vérité de la louange.

Après tout, Isabella était très soucieuse de son apparence, comme on peut le comprendre à partir de nombreux petits détails. En 1499, devant envoyer son propre portrait à Isabelle d'Aragon, il l'envoya d'abord à son beau-frère Ludovico Sforza, précisant cependant que le tableau ne lui ressemblait pas beaucoup "pour être un peu plus gros que moi". Ludovico a répondu qu'il aimait beaucoup le portrait et qu'il lui ressemblait beaucoup, bien que "un peu plus gros", à moins qu'Isabella n'ait "grossi après que nous l'ayons vue".

Avec l'âge, sa silhouette subit un déclin inexorable: L'Arétin, son implacable ennemi, la décrit : «monstrueuse marquise de Mantoue, qui a des dents d'ébène, des cils d'ivoire, malhonnêtement laide et archidisonestiquement embellie (mostruosa marchesana di Mantova, la quale ha i denti di ebano, le ciglia d'avorio, disonestamente brutta e arcidisonestamente imbellettata). »

 Considérations
De son vivant et après sa mort, poètes, papes et hommes d'État ont rendu hommage à Isabelle. Le pape Léon X l'a invitée à le traiter avec "autant de gentillesse que vous le feriez pour votre frère". Le secrétaire de ce dernier, Pietro Bembo, l'a décrite comme "l'une des femmes les plus sages et les plus chanceuses". Le poète Arioste la considérait comme «Isabelle libérale et magnanime». L'auteur Matteo Bandello a écrit qu'elle était "la suprême parmi les femmes", et le diplomate Niccolò da Correggio l'a intitulée "La Première Dame du monde".

Des jugements moins empreints d'éloges, voire très durs, sont plutôt exprimés par le pape Jules II, homme aux mœurs corrompues, en désaccord avec la conduite d'Isabelle, allant même jusqu'à l'appeler "cette pute grivois". Un jugement pas différent avait également exprimé son mari Francesco lui-même qui, désormais prisonnier des Vénitiens, accusait sa femme de ne pas l'aimer et d'avoir en effet été la cause de sa ruine, se référant à elle par lettre comme "cette putain de ma femme ".

 Descendance

De son mariage avec François II, naquirent huit enfants :
 Éléonore de Mantoue (1493-1550) qui épousera en 1507 François Marie  della Rovere, duc d'Urbino ;
 Margarita (1496-1496) ;
 Frédéric (1500-1540) qui sera le  puis  de Mantoue, titré sous le nom de Frédéric II ;
 Livia (1501-1508) ;
 Ippolita (1503-1570) qui sera nonne à Mantoue ;
Hercule (1505-1563) qui sera évêque de Mantoue en 1521 puis obtiendra la pourpre cardinalice en 1527 et qui sera l'un des présidents du concile de Trente ;
 Ferdinand (Ferrante) qui sera le  de Guastalla et chef de la lignée des Gonzague de Guastalla ;
 Paola (1508-1569) enfin, qui sera nonne franciscaine à Mantoue.

 Isabelle et les beaux-arts

 Le mécénat
Isabelle est considérée comme le mécène le plus important de la Renaissance. Son influence est documentée par de nombreuses correspondances (environ  et près de ) conservées à Mantoue. Elle se considère comme la dixième muse, égérie et mécène des artistes de cour, elle se dépeint elle-même comme une « affamée » d'art. Elle est sans doute la princesse de la Renaissance qui a le plus conjugué dans toutes ses dimensions une véritable passion pour l'esthétique. Aucun art n'échappe à la quête effrénée de beauté.

Lorsqu'elle arrive à Mantoue en 1490 sur un char décoré par Ercole de' Roberti, le peintre de la cour de Ferrare, elle entend bien imposer sa marque sur une ville qu'elle considère vraisemblablement comme bien modeste au regard des fastes de sa ville natale. Elle y a reçu une éducation humaniste, ayant notamment étudié le latin auprès de Battista Guarini. Toute sa vie, elle conserve des liens avec Ferrare.

Mario Equicola, l'un des élèves de Marsile Ficin, troubadour courtisan, compose pour elle le traité De la nature de l'amour. En 1505, il procède à une compilation de ses morceaux choisis, poèmes mis en musique. Le socle culturel, voire anthropologique de ces poésies, est significatif de la contradiction de la position des hommes dans l'univers féminin.

Les peintres les plus célèbres de l'époque tels que Giovanni Bellini, Giorgione, Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea Mantegna (peintre de la cour jusqu'en 1506), Le Pérugin, Raphaël et Le Titien, ainsi que Le Corrège, Lorenzo Costa (peintre de la cour à partir de 1509), Dosso Dossi, Francesco Francia, Giulio Romano et beaucoup d'autres reçoivent des commandes d'elle. Dans Palazzo Ducale (Mantoue), par exemple, son «Studiolo» est décoré avec des allégories de Mantegna, Le Pérugin, Costa et Le Corrège

Elle passe également des commandes aux sculpteurs et médailleurs les plus influents de l'époque, comme Michel-Ange, Pier Jacopo Alari Bonacolsi (L'Antico), Gian Cristoforo Romano et Tullio Lombardo et elle collectionnait des sculptures romaines. Dans les premières années qu'elle passe à Mantoue, elle amasse surtout les pierres précieuses gavées et les camées

Dans le domaine des sciences humaines, elle est en contact avec L'Arétin, l'Arioste qui cite son nom dans le Roland Furieux, Pietro Bembo, Balthazar Castiglione, Mario Equicola, Paolo Giovio et Gian Giorgio Trissino. Sa bibliothèque est garnie notamment d'ouvrages édités, entre autres, par le meilleur imprimeur vénitien, Alde Manuce

Elle a hérité de son père le goût de la musique, elle a d'ailleurs reçu une éducation musicale très poussé, joue de la cithare et étudie le luth.Elle soutient les compositeurs Bartolomeo Tromboncino et Marchetto Cara . Elle préfère la musique profane à la musique religieuse, qu'elle goûte dans l'intimité de son studiolo.

Si elle ne peut pas s'offrir de nouveaux palais, mais emploie de grands maîtres d'œuvre et architectes tels Biagio Rossetti et .En 1511, pour se faire construire un pavillon exotique, « un casino bizarro » dans sa villa de Porto, elle fait appel à l'architecte ferrarais Biagio Rossetti qui est au service de son frère Alphonse.

Elle devient une icône de mode et une référence. Célèbres sont ses couvre-chefs («capigliari»/«balzo») et ses décolletés profonds qui sont copiés en Italie et même à la cour française.

 Les collections d'antiquités d'Isabelle d'Este
À la suite des importantes découvertes archéologiques, l'art classique à cette époque se diffusait dans toute l'Italie et suscitait l'engouement des artistes et des princes. Bien que dépourvue de larges ressources financières et éloignée de Rome, la duchesse fut une grande collectionneuse d'antiquités, le plus souvent acquises à Rome. Elle se rendit pour la première fois dans la ville éternelle entre 1514 et 1515 avec d'abord l'envie de découvrir les antiquités et les ruines.

En , elle acquit en premier un Cupidon attribué à Praxitèle, après d'âpres négociations car l'œuvre véritablement antique était fortement disputée entre collectionneurs. Le Cupidon endormi, œuvre du jeune Michel-Ange et prétendument antique, lui fut offert en 1502 par César Borgia.

Monnaies et médailles antiques, fragments de statues et autres objets lui furent offerts ou bien achetés par ses soins. Jusqu'à sa mort, elle fit des nombreux achats, directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'agents, dans toute l'Italie. Il lui arriva de se fournir à l'étranger, comme entre 1505 et 1508, lorsque Sabba Castiglione, un chevalier de Jérusalem, lui fit parvenir un bateau entier de statues depuis Rhodes.

Elle fit aussi réaliser des reproductions de marbres célèbres de l'Antiquité, notamment par le sculpteur Pier Iacopo Alari-Bonacolsi, plus connu sous le nom de l'Antico, qui souvent les agrémenta de dorures ou de socles recouverts de pièces d'or antiques.

 La Grotta d'Isabelle d'Este
Pour installer ses collections, elle fit rénover à partir de 1492 une petite pièce sous son studiolo, la Grotta. Pour la décorer, elle fit intervenir les meilleurs peintres qui furent chargés d'exalter ses vertus de princesse sage et cultivée. Cette pièce est pavée de carreaux de céramique aux devises des Gonzague. Les murs sont ornés de marqueteries et de cinq tableaux dont le Parnasse, terminé par Mantegna en 1497, Minerve chassant les vices du jardin de la Vertu, toujours de Mantegna, datant de 1502, Combat de l'amour et de la chasteté du Pérugin en 1505, et Le couronnement d'Isabelle d'Este de Lorenzo Costa qui la célèbre comme la patronne des arts. Elle fit ensuite aménager des pièces de son appartement de Corte Vecchia du château Saint-Georges où elle s'installa à la mort de son époux, à partir de 1520. Elle y fit faire un décor qui confondait antique et moderne en une unité caractéristique de ses collections.

 Les Délices
Magnifiques palais rustiques, les Délices, au nom évocateur de Belfiore, Belvedere, Belriguardo, Benvignante, véritables jardins d'Eden, sont des résidences qu'Isabelle décore et embellit. Entourée de savants, elle y invite ses amis et ses admirateurs. L'Arioste et le Tasse ont célébré Belvedere, lieu enchanteur édifié tout à la gloire du couple qu'elle forme avec François II. Ces palais, expression d'une idéologie du triomphe, célèbrent la paix retrouvée grâce à la force des armes. Les jardins sont le refuge de l'amour et de la sérénité, jardins secrets inclus dans un ensemble de création architecturale complexe.

 L'hétérogénéité et très peu de portraits

Malgré son activité de mécène et son penchant pour l'autoreprésentation, on dispose de peu d'identifications formelles de sa personne sur des représentations picturales. On sait qu'Isabelle d'Este en s'éloignant de la jeunesse préférait des peintures idéalisées et répugnait à poser comme modèle. Ces rares identifications sont de plus hétérogènes (la couleur des yeux et des cheveux ainsi que la forme des sourcils divergent dans les deux portraits de Titien) et il n'y a pas d'images d'elle entre 26 et 54 ans.

Elle détestait poser mais voulut être représentée par les plus grands artistes de l'époque: en 1495, elle refusa avec une rigueur absolue de poser pour  Mantegna dans La Vierge de la Victoire - où sa figure était fournie à côté de celle de son mari - car dans le passé le peintre l'avait dépeinte « si mal faite » - dans un tableau qui n'a en fait pas survécu - « qui n'a rien de notre ressemblance ». Cependant, le jugement négatif de la marquise n'était pas dû à l'incapacité de Mantegna à la dépeindre de la même manière à la vérité, comme elle l'écrit elle-même, mais à l'absence inverse: de ne pas savoir comment « contrefaire bien le naturel », c'est-à-dire idéaliser. Son mari Francesco dut poser seul et Mantegna remémoussa la perturbation de la symétrie en peignant, à la place de la marquise, sainte Élisabeth, sa sainte éponyme.

Sensible à la flatterie, elle n'apprécie guère que les peintres ne la représentent pas à son avantage, tout en souhaitant un portrait au naturel.

Plusieurs musées ont retiré leurs rares identifications par crainte d'erreur. Les trois portraits en couleur restants demeurent très hétérogènes (tous au Kunsthistorisches Museum / KHM, Vienne) :Ambras miniature du Isabelle en rouge par Titien, c. 1529 (copie de Peter Paul Rubens c. 1605)
Isabelle en noir de Titien, 1536

La Bella (Palazzo Pitti, Florence) est souvent avancé comme alternative plausible au portrait de Titien 1536 à Vienne, sachant qu'Isabelle avait commandé un portrait rajeunissant et flatteur alors qu'elle était déjà âgée de plus de 60 ans ; et la couleur des yeux, des cheveux et des sourcils et surtout la sensualité apparente correspondent parfaitement à ce que l'on sait d'elle.

La médaille de Gian Cristoforo Romano (1495) est la seule identification fiable en raison de la signature originale gravée (plusieurs copies). Elle en conserva elle-même l'exemplaire monté avec de l'or et des pierres précieuses qui est conservé au Kunsthistorisches Museum de Vienne. Léonard de Vinci, qui fut de passage à Mantoue fin 1499, fit deux dessins à l'effigie d'Isabelle à partir de cette médaille, dont l'un est aujourd'hui conservé au Louvre.

 Isabelle d'Este et La Joconde

Outre Lisa del Giocondo (l'épouse d'un marchand florentin dont Leonardo avait fait un portrait — comme le cite Giorgio Vasari — Isabelle d'Este est une candidate plausible pour le tableau le plus célèbre de Léonard de Vinci (1502-1506).

 Postérité
Isabelle d'Este est une des 39 convives attablées dans l'œuvre d'art contemporain The Dinner Party (1979) de Judy Chicago.

 Notes et références
 Notes

 Références

 Annexes
 Articles connexes

 Maison d'Este
 Maison Gonzague
 François II de Mantoue
 Renaissance mantouane
 De Ludo Schacorum
 Bibliographie
 Christiane Gil, Isabelle d'Este'', Pygmalion 2002

Liens externes

  Aparences.net : Isabelle d'Este
  Itis.mn.it : Isabella d'Este - Moglie di Francesco II, marchese di Mantova
  Euweb.cz : Isabelle, fille d'Hercule , dans la généalogie de la famille d'Este de Ferrare
  Euweb.cz : Isabelle, épouse de François II, dans la généalogie des Gonzague

Isabelle d'Este
Isabelle d'Este
Princesse italienne du XVe siècle
Princesse italienne du XVIe siècle
Maison d'Este
Maison Gonzague
Este, Isabella
Este, Isabella
Este, Isabella
Décès à Mantoue
Décès à 64 ans
Marquise de Mantoue

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Category Archives: New Video
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VIDEO: DJ Paul – Moon Rock
Music Video, New VideoBy Eric Rousseau June 20, 2013 Leave a comment
DJ Paul (@DJPAULKOM) drops the video for his "Moon Rock" track that was produced by Drumma Boy. The track will be appearing on their upcoming joint project "Clash of Da Titans" is droppin' soon. Check the video out below.
Iggy Azalea Talks Upcoming Album "The New Classic" With Power 105's The Breakfast Club
Interviews, New Video, On-AirBy Eric Rousseau June 20, 2013 Leave a comment
Iggy Azalea (@IGGYAZALEA)spoke with Power 105's The Breakfast Club as she continued her promo run for her upcoming album "The New Classic" that is droppin' on September 2nd. Iggy also spoke on how T.I. helped the Aussie artist when she first came to the US, and how she is trying to figure out how to…
Chance The Rapper & 360 – MTV RapFix Live Freestyle
DAILY DOSE, Freestyles, New VideoBy Eric Rousseau June 20, 2013 Leave a comment
Chance The Rapper (@chancetherapper) & 360 (@360ismusic) were on MTV RapFix Live yesterday and of course they had to drop some freestyle before they departed. Check the video out below. Get More: Chance the Rapper, RapFix Live, Full Episodes
VIDEO: Gangsta Boo ft. Chris Travis- Money On My Mental
Gangsta Boo (@GangstaBooQOM) hooks up with Chris Travis for her video "Money On My Mental", which was directed by Bones & Jeff Frutsk (Team Sesh). The track is from Gangsta Boo's latest mixtape "It's Game Involved" that is available now. Check the video out below.
VIDEO: Juicy J – One Of Those Nights ft. The Weeknd
Music Video, New Video, New VideosBy DDot Omen June 20, 2013 Leave a comment
Juicy J (@therealJuicyJ) and @TheWeeknd have a trippy night in this visual that was shot in Sin City. Here's something to hold us over until Juicy J settles on a release date for his debut album Stay Trippy. Watch below.
J. Cole Performs With Drake At Dollar And A Dream Show In NYC
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J. Cole packed out Irving Plaza twice in one night for his Dollar And A Dream concert series. J. Cole decided to bring Drake on stage as a surprise to the fans in attendance by performing "In The Morning", "Say What's Real", "No New Friends" and "Started From The Bottom". Watch below. Born Sinner available…
J. Cole – Dollar & A Dream Tour Vlog (Boston)
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J. Cole's (@JColeNC) Dollar & A Dream tour rolled into Boston last week, and just like Atlanta & Baltimore, Jermaine had the folks queing down the block for those $1 tickets. Make sure you go pick up Born Sinner now!
VIDEO: Machine Gun Kelly – Dark Side Of The Moon (Trailer)
New Video, TrailerBy Smithalar June 20, 2013 Leave a comment
Machine Gun Kelly (@MachineGunKelly) is back with his 5th strike, Operation Tactical Warning. For this strike, MGK previews the video for "Dark Side Of The Moon". Black Flag is coming soon.
Tyler The Creator Hands Out Clothes To The Homeless In L.A.
Tyler The Creator (@FuckTyler) decided to be a good person for once as he hit the streets of L.A. earlier this week and decided to hand out a big ass box of his fresh ass Golf Wang clothes to those in need. Check it out below.
VIDEO: Kid Ink – Almost Home (Episode 3)
Kid Ink (@Kid_Ink) and his Alumni crew continue to tour the country alongside Kendrick & TDE, and in the third episode of his almost home series, he performs in Pittsburgh, stops off at his Grandfather's house and links up with Danny Brown and MGK.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Met Office has extended yellow weather warnings for ice and snow by a further two days.
Initially, the alerts were in place for today, Tuesday, January 29 and yesterday, but the forecaster has confirmed that they will remain in place into Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
Much of England and Wales will be affected by flurries of snow and sub-zero temperatures.
The Met Office said: "Rain and snow is expected to move in from the southwest, moving across England and Wales through Thursday into Friday.
"This is likely to fall as heavy rain at first across the far southwest of England, but as it meets the cold air established over the rest of the country snow becomes more likely.
"There is a chance of 2-5cm of snow for some places, timings are currently uncertain. 10cm is possible in places, though there is uncertainty at this stage on where is most likely to see the greater snowfall accumulations.
Yellow warnings are in place for the following regions: East Midlands, London and South East England, North East England, North West England, South West England, Wales, West Midlands and Yorkshire and Humber.
The forecaster has said there is a slight chance that some rural communities may be cut off and that power cuts may occur, which may affect mobile phone coverage.
It is also warning of travel delays on the roads, and the chance that some vehicles and passengers could be stranded.
Speaking to The Mirror, Graham Madge, from the Met Office, said: "All of England and Wales has the potential to see snow of between 1cm (0.4in) and 3cm (1.2in) in the early hours of Wednesday morning.
"The band of snow will work its way eastwards on Tuesday night and there could be up to 10cm (4in) in higher areas like the Chilterns.
Temperatures will drop very dramatically and snow will turn to ice."
No warnings have currently been issued for the weekend.


Markets eased up on light volume, consolidating Friday's gains. The semiconductor index suffered the worst of the selling, but its losses were well within the boundaries of a pullback.
While the Russell 2000 flashed a potential bearish harami cross; look for a retracement to the rising trendline.
But the Nasdaq finished well placed to push higher. The chief concern would be an exponential blowout top, but so far nothing indicates this is about to happen.
The S&P had a very low key day with little to say about it.
Tight action could offer a trade opportunity off a break of the high/lows with a stop on the flip side, but the broader trend remains bullish and trades with a perspective longer than the next couple of days would be best to stay on the right side of the market.


Okay, you're engaged. Congratulations! Bask in its romantic bliss because it's gonna get down and dirty once the pressure is on and it's time to "Set The Date".
You have probably been dreaming of your "perfect wedding" eversince you were a little girl and through the years you might have made a few changes here and there.Your horsemen and pumpkin carriage might have been replaced by a swanky mercedes and a uniformed chaffeur. Hopeufully, you would have also realized by this time that glass slippers just won't do if you plan on dancing the night away. Also, a castle is simply out of the question. Reality sets in and you're faced with thousands of details that you must attend to in order to achieve the wedding of your dreams.
Planning your wedding is a daunting and very stressful task. After all, it is a full blown affair and not everyone can afford to hire a wedding coordinator. In between food tastings, floral arrangements, caterers, souvenirs and occular visits, who can find the time to squeeze in gown fitings for yourseld and your entire entourage. Scheduling all your bridesmaids, flowergirls and grooms men to be present all together at once is almost impossible most especially when their work schedule and time differences don't match.
Weddington way makes it easier for brides to focus on themselves by providing a stress-free, virtual shopping environment for bridesmaid dresses, flower girl dresses and even groomsmen accessories.
Weddington Way provides a user-friendly interface which makes it easy for brides to find bridesmaid dresses that will coordinate perfectly with their chosen color scheme and style. All you have to do is click the color of your choice and Weddington Way does the rest for you.
Shop from a variety of carefully curated dresses for your entire entourage! They even carry a wide array of maternity bridesmaid dresses.
Weddington way provides classic and elegant bridesmaid dresses that your chosen entourage will look flawlessly beautiful in. These are dresses they will love, cherish and most importantly, re-use. Gone are the days of tacky, multi-colored puffed-sleeve bridesmaid dresses...thank god. They are hideous and occupy so much closet space. Expensive trash you can't get rid of for the simple fact that you know they cost a fortune.
My most favorite feature in the entire site is the "Bridal Party" section wherein you can add your favorite dresses and then later send invites to your entourage so they can pick out their chosen dresses which makes the elimination process a lot easier on both ends.
Weddington Way provides a great service to all couples about to get married by providing beautiful, budget friendly dresses with just a few clicks of your mouse. Get them delivered straight to your doorstep for free (WORLDWIDE) with orders over $150.


I have been on this earth for 25 years, and in that time, I have kissed barely a handful of you. This, to me, is an egregious oversight in need of immediate remedy.
Not because I'm a floozy, mind you, or a flirt or a thrill-seeker. I'm suggesting this in the name of research, so that we might identify a mutually beneficial pairing.
I realize the logistics could be difficult. There are 3 billion of you and one of me. Still, I think with time, patience, and an large inventory of Chapstick, we can make this a success.
Here's my plan: Each of you take a number. Go about your daily lives. Wait for me to call you when your number comes up. Travel here. Introduce yourself. Pucker up.
If this sounds daunting, you'll be relieved to learn that I'm a woman who knows what she wants. I know a good man when I see one. And I do see a lot of them -- I just don't kiss that many of them. This exercise should fix that disconnect, without wasting too much of your time and energy.
In fact, if you're a man who knows a good woman on sight, then we increase our chances of reaching a successful conclusion. What's more, it could succeed in record time if we have the same definition of good -- that is, kind, confident, intelligent, and eager to leave the world a little better than when you found it.
I don't think any of this is too much to ask. Because I believe people are fundamentally good. And that good kissers are fundamentally fun.
Are you amenable to my proposal? If so, please leave a comment with all pertinent information here. I will be in touch shortly (though please have patience, because there are 3 billion of you, after all).
Thank you in advance for your consideration and cooperation. I look forward to kissing you.
Once on my birthday, I was at a college party and I told everyone that my goal was to kiss 21 guys because I was 21. . .they were more than willing to cooperate and I think I kissed about 30 guys that night, though I remember little of it.
I have made it my business to kiss as many of la femme as possible and have been quite succesful! I very much fear that my wife,daughters,grandaughter and great grandaughters and even some of the other women I've kissed would object to my being a participant, I will not apply. How ever, if I had my way, I'd be on the next plane to DC, because you look like the most kissable woman I've seen in a long time!!! There must be a lot of dumb men around you. Scared to say who I am.
"An open letter to the girl who won't be kissed"
Note: Spelling error. Fourth line down, last word should be "smarter" not "smater". My deepest apologies. When leaving "snarky" comments, I will be sure to spell check. "Hat tip!"
I'd have to disagree with Anonymous. I personally would be elated to find an attractive woman that could keep me on my heels, outsmart me, debate me, and, at times, make me feel like a fool. I yearn for challenge, for open confrontation (and make up ;-P). If you're good looking, good for you. But when you're walking around the gym and drop your cell phone because you can't disconnect with the world for an hour and be your own person... well, good luck out there.
Matt, Are you single? Anonymous wants to know.


text:
Biografia
Specialista del salto in alto, nel 1971 conquistò in Turchia la medaglia d'oro ai Giochi del Mediterraneo di Smirne (Izmir). In precedenza aveva partecipato ai Campionati europei di Helsinki concludendo la gara al 15º posto con la misura di 2,08 m dopo aver saltato 2,12 m in qualificazione. Ha inoltre partecipato ai Campionati Europei Indoor di Sofia nel 1971 e di Grenoble nel 1972.

Allenato da Carlo Vittori, nel 1972 ottenne il suo primato con la misura di 2,17 m, un centimetro sotto il record italiano di Erminio Azzaro. Lo stesso anno partecipò alle Olimpiadi di Monaco di Baviera dove si classificò al 17º posto con la misura di 2,10 m, dopo aver saltato 2,15 in qualificazione. Nel '68 a Trieste e nel '72 a Roma vinse i campionati italiani assoluti.

Sua figlia Arianna pratica l'equitazione e ha partecipato alle Olimpiadi di  gareggiando nel concorso completo.

Palmarès

Note

Collegamenti esterni


Having been not feeling so good for the past few days, I was yearning for some change of taste for my tasteless sensation in my mouth. That's what flu does to you – steals your energy, enthusiam & the sensation of the taste buds too. I did not want to even look at anything overcooked, or too spicy. Something different (as if some else cooked for me, you know how everything tastes better when you don't cook), light & warm yet healthy is exactly what I needed & exactly what I got.
This recipe is adapted from Madhur Jaffrey's Flavors of India. She has the recipe for a Lamb Stew which she describes as a popular stew which the Christians of Kerala, India eat at Easter & Christmas & all other Festive Occasions. While I was reading thru' the recipe I found it similar to the stew my mom would make esp. during the chilly winter nights with mutton, more like an Irish Stew. However the unique thing about Madhur Jaffrey's recipe is that the flavor is enriched with coconut milk & it is spiced up with hot green chillies.
What I have actually presented here is a synthesis of my mom's & the recipe from Flavors of India, as well as a little of my tidbits…I have made a vegetarian version by using Tofu & added a lot more vegetables ( more of a refrigerator cleaning ..), used the coconut milk & to talk about adding my part – Roasted some vegetables & tempered the Stew before serving which did enhance the flavor a LOT.
A Reminder that the last day of submission for HHDD #26 is March 23rd.
Now to the Recipe…Please do not get intimidated by the long list of ingredients, for most of them are a list of vegetables I have used.
Note: There is no rule to what vegetables that can be added here. Please pick your own veggies.
In a baking tray combine the carrots, Potatoes, Squash & the Bell Pepper. Drizzle with some oil (Preferably Olive Oil) & roast them at 375 Degree F for about 15 -20 minutes. They will slightly brown but need not be cooked through since they will get tender while cooking the stew. Roasting the vegetables gives it a different flavor & makes it sweeter.
Heat a soup pot. Add the cinnamon, cardamom & clove & dry roast at medium heat till aromatic.
Add 1 teaspoon of butter, and add the Hot Green Chillies, Bayleaf, Ginger & Onion & stir fry till the onions are translucent.
Add all the roasted veggies, except for the tomatoes, beans & the asparagus & stir at medium heat for about 5- 7 minutes.
Add Salt, Black Pepper, turmeric, half of the Curry leaves, Beans, Asparagus, Tomatoes, Milk, water & Tofu & cover & cook for sometime till the potatoes & carrots are tender. It should not take too long, as they were almost cooked while roasting them.
Uncover & add the Coconut & the Coconut Milk. Simmer for 2 minutes & switch off the heat.
Heat 1 Tablespoon of Butter/Oil. Add the Chana dal/Split chickpeas & stir till they are light brown. Add the mustard seeds.
Switch off the heat when they splutter & Immediately add the rest of the curry leaves.
Pour this over right away on the cooked stew. Gently stir it in.
Garnish with more Fresh Black Peppers if you want. Serve warm with Fresh Bread or crackers. Here is one bowlful of hearty, warm & delicious stew.
Nope- NO CROUTONS REQUIRED!! Sending this to No Croutons Required, hosted by Lisa in Lisa's Vegetarian Kitchen. The theme this month is Indian Style Vegetarian Soup or Salad.
Stew! YUMMO! I made Kerala stew once, it was sooo yummy, recipe from shn. Looks fabulous, have some and be happy.
Hope you are feeling good now. Vegetable stew looks very delicious & healthy.
This stew sounds delicious .its looking great..Have this some and you will feel better..
I love stew and ilove the way yolu have prepared it, delicious.
This vegetable stew sounds really good! Hope you're feeling better soon!
This vegetable stew sounds awesome, loved the flavors. Hope you are feeling better now, take care !
Get well soon !! The stew looks perfect ! and yummy ! and heathly !
Take rest n get well soon..!!
I have a pack of Pasta n a confused mind of a beginner here..Leme see if I can make it for HHDD before 23..I have to cook the same dish I see there,Chicken & Roasted Capsicum Pasta no?
Now u realize ki photo lene ka kya bhut chaRa hain:-)…. the flu was last week.. doing much better now.. Thanks Harini!
Looks real yumm. Is that the rosemary bread you baked ? I liked the idea of tempering the stew, is that how it is in Kerala ?
No Sandeepa that's not the Rosemary Bread. It was big & chunky:-) No the recipe did not tell me to temper. I did that:-) added some extra flavor.
Soma, flu is a pain literally-hurts all over doesn't it. Glad to hear you are on the mend. This stew looks good, right for the tongue. With the coconut milk I bet tastes delicious.
Loved the coconut milk in it!
I'm sure you're better after eating this!
I love any curry with mixed vegetables like aviyal or stew but the husband doesn't! So I don't make them as often as I should.
Get well soon. Nice pics and wonderful blog.
Shorir kharap hoye o jodi ei rokom shob recipe ar chobi dao Soma … amader ki hobe?!!!
Vegetables roast kore use kora ta to darun idea! Must try … must try.
Soma… 🙂 you na..are too much yaar!
flu main bhi itni mehnat..
hehee Rashmi.. lekin mein nehi karun to kaun karega?
Hey u didn't told earlier that u weren't well(hmm as if i would have made any difference),anyways nice to know tht u r feeling better now….Its so painful to fall ill and then not being able to cook and eat.
Alka just that you are concerned, make sme feel better! Thanks yaar..
Looks simply great with those veggies and coconut milk…amazing clicks yaa..Get well soon ..!!
Hope you are feeling better. This delicious stew would have definitely chased the bugs away.
This stew reminds me of the Kerala "ishtu" except for the roasted veggies.
Aparna, the recipe I followed was of the Kerala Stew (didn't know it was called "ishtoo").. I made some changes to the original recipe.
What a gorgeous dish! Hope you are feeling better now.
delicious gravy to go with rice. you can have jeera pepper rasam during cold.
Thanks Mahimaa. Rasams are great during cold too!
After the coconut milk, capsicum, curry leaves, you have to be better already ha! ha!
I was salivating just looking at your pretty bowl of goodness.
Flu or not, that bright cheery setting in the first picture can brighten anybody. Hey Soma, but hope you are doing well now.
That's too much of chopping when u are not well. I too have the flu and I feel miserable.
Yesterday i made a quick veggie soup and today I don't know what I will make. This recipe of yours is a avial from kerela, is it??
I will try it when I am ok.
Manila, tho this uses coconut (more coconut milk), this is not avial… this is more like a Stew from Kerala. It's more liquidy.. the original recipe is that of Kerala Lamb stew.. i just made it vegetarian & roasted the veggies.
I really like the sound of using coconut milk in a vegetable stew.
I know the recipe you mean from Flavour of India. It's fantastic (I've been meaning to write about it). If you haven't tried it, do. Though your version sounds awsome, too.
I also have the Taste of India by Madhur, but I prefer Flavours of India.
Hope you've recovered now 🙂 Lovely pics.
I love stews and this one looks especially delicious with the bread on the side!
Thanks so much for the recipe! My fiance is from Guyana and he makes something like this , but won't tell me the ingredients for fear that I will start cooking it…it's the only thing he makes for ME that I really enjoy, I usually do all of the cooking in our home.
Tonight he's working late so I thought it would be nice to surprise him with something we both love, plus Im not feeling very well either.
Could you please tell me about how much water to add to the pot?
Add as much water depending on how much soup you want for your yourself. As the vegetables are cooking they will absorb some water, + you will the coconut milk & milk adding liquid extra. Some people like it thick, then you would need less water. The water is really to cook the veggies in. I like mine soupy so I add more. If you think at the end (before adding the coconut milk) that you have too much water left & the veggies are already cooked, just keep the pot open, & cook to let the extra water evaporate.
Note: Do not cook the milk or the coconut milk too much.. they might split/curdle.
Superb recipe! Tried it today xactly like how u said it here, and it turned out so yummy that my hubby was speechless! He said it was the best stew he has had so far! And so healthy with do many veggies. I added broccoli as well which is his fav. Thanks for this awesome recipe!!!
I just wanted to say that I made this stew over the weekend and it was amazing! The only thing I did differently was I added some red chili powder when I also added the tumeric and I omitted the shredded coconut (my family didn't mind the coconut milk but they don't like shredded coconut). It was delicious, spicy and great texture with the channa dal being added at the end! We had it with some crusty french bread and it was the perfect Sunday dinner. Thanks for sharing such a delicious recipe!
What a lovely gentle veg curry. The first time I made it exactly as per the recipe, but now, because hubby loves okra and potatoes, that's all the veg I use, and it is delicious every time! For a little added flavour, I add a little tamarind water as well. Thank you for a great veg curry recipe!


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text:
\section{DFT calculations and analysis}\label{sec:DFT}
DFT calculations, including spin-orbit, for CeRh$_2$As$_2$ are carried out using the Full-Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FLAPW)
method  \cite{Mike_FLAPW_2009} with the
structural parameters determined by x-ray diffraction \cite{Ce122_arxiv}.
The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof form of the generalized gradient approximation \cite{PBE} is employed for exchange and correlation.
The muffin-tin sphere radii are set to 1.4, 1.2, and 1.1 \AA\  for Ce, Rh, and As atoms, respectively.
The wave function and potential cutoffs are 16 and 200 Ry, respectively.
The Brillouin zone (BZ) is sampled with a 20$\times$20$\times$10 $k$-point mesh during the self-consistent
field cycle.  A denser 50$\times$50$\times$25 mesh is used to determine the Fermi surface, and are
visualized by using {\tt FermiSurfer} \cite{KAWAMURA2019197}.
The crystal structure and spin density distribution are visualized by using {\tt VESTA} \cite{Momma2011}.

The calculated Fermi surface of CeRh$_2$As$_2$ within standard DFT is
shown in Fig.~S\ref{fig:supp_FS}a, and is  in a fair agreement with
previous calculations~\cite{Nogaki_2021}.
As described in the main text, this Fermi surface does not account for
the experimental high specific heat jump nor intersects the BZ edge
where $\tilde{\alpha}_{\bf k}$ diverges. The Fermi surface resulting from a shift of the chemical potential by 0.08 eV, Fig. S1b, has tubes around the M-A line as well as other pieces intersecting the zone edge.
\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[width=0.99\columnwidth]{supp_FS}
\caption{\label{fig:supp_FS}
 Fermi surfaces from the standard DFT bands for (a) the calculated Fermi level and (b) for the chemical potential shifted by 0.08 eV.
}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{supp_RBS}
\caption{\label{fig:supp_RBS}
Fermi surface of CeRh$_2$As$_2$ with ``renormalized'' Ce $4f$ bands. (a)
and (b) correspond to different choices of renormalization paramters,
and provide enhanced DOS at the chemical potential 10 and 20 times
larger, respectively, than the bare DFT. For each case, a 3D view (color
code shows Fermi velocity) and a $k_z$=0 section (two colors stand for two different bands) are shown.
}
\end{figure}

To partially account for the renormalization/reduction of the bandwidth commonly seen in
4$f$ and heavy fermion materials, we implemented
a scheme to manipulate
the energy dependence of the logarithmic derivative of the 4$f$
orbitals in the framework of the FLAPW method, an approach closely related to the phase shift technique used in
Ref.~\cite{Hafner_2021}.  Methodological details will be presented elsewhere.
The resulting calculated
Fermi surface in Fig.~S\ref{fig:supp_RBS}(a) [Fig. 2(b) of the main
text] closely resembles that in Ref.~\onlinecite{Hafner_2021} with six
tubes attached to the BZ edge.  The total DOS at the Fermi energy is
enhanced by a factor of 10 compared to the bare DFT DOS\@.
Fig.~S\ref{fig:supp_RBS}(b), obtained from another choice of
renormalization parameters, shows stronger DOS enhancement, now a factor
of 20. The near-edge elements are maintained yet these tubes are now connected at $k_z=\pm\pi$ plane.
In both cases (and with other choices, not shown here), the Fermi surface elements near the BZ edge constitute 80-90\% of the total DOS with very low Fermi velocity.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{supp_bands}
\caption{\label{fig:supp_bands}
Electronic band structure of CeRh$_2$As$_2$.  (a) Standard calculation using the experimental structural
parameters.  Cyan dots give weight of the $4d_{xy}$ orbital from the $2a$-site Rh (between As atoms).
Inset: an illustrative view of crystal structure where Ce, Rh, and As atoms are shown by yellow, gray, and
green spheres, respectively.  (b) The heights of the As layers sitting above and below the Rh
$2a$ layer are reduced by 0.05\AA\ from the experimental value 1.34\AA.  (c) Positive
infinite potential on the Ce $5d$ orbitals to illustrate $5d$-$4f$ valence fluctuation. The $5d$ electrons
(0.70 electrons within a Ce-nucleus centered sphere of radius 1.4\AA) are eliminated from the occupied
levels while the $4f$ count is increased by 0.54.  (d) Localized (core) $4f$ states for 1 or 0.1 $4f$
electrons to illustrate the effects of localization and $f^1 \to f^0$ mixed valence.
}
\end{figure}

In addition, we examine other possible scenarios, within standard DFT, that
alter the relative energies of the bands and provide Fermi surface elements near the BZ edge.
The standard DFT calculation shows that the Ce $4f$ states predominantly hybridize with the conduction Rh $4d$ bands.
In particular, the bottom of the conduction band around the M-A Dirac line of the Brillouin zone is of
particular interest since this band, having Ce $4f$ contributions, shows large Rashba-type band splitting.
This state is built up of Rh $xy$ (and $z^2$) orbitals on the $2a$ site
[the site sandwiched by As atoms; see inset of Fig.~S\ref{fig:supp_bands}(a)] antibonded to As $p$ states.
Therefore, the energy position of this band (which at $M$ point is located about 0.05 eV above the Fermi
level) is sensitive to the As-layer height relative to the Rh $2a$ layer; as demonstrated in
Figure~S\ref{fig:supp_bands}(b), when the As height is slightly reduced (by 0.05 \AA), this band moves
down to the Fermi level.  The energy position of this $4f$-hybridized band is also sensitive to the mixed
valent and  localized/delocalized nature of the $4f$ orbital \cite{varma76,npjqm2018}.
Figure~S\ref{fig:supp_bands}(c) shows the effect of Ce $5d$-$4f$ ($f^1\to f^2$) valence fluctuation, which
is simulated by adding infinite potential on the $5d$ state. To mimic localized $4f$ orbitals and $f^1\to
f^0$ fluctuations, the 4$f$
states are
treated as core electrons (with the valence states properly orthogonalized), and are shown in
Fig.~S\ref{fig:supp_bands}(d). In all of these cases, the bands around M-A near the chemical potential are
common features, although the exact position relative to the chemical potential does vary.
Importantly, the robustness of these features implies that the essential physics of the staggered Rashba
splitting about the M-A Dirac line near the chemical potential remains unchanged.

\section{Pseudospin basis}\label{sec:pseudo}

The defining feature of the pseudospin index is that it transforms
like a spin under inversion and time-reversal symmetry. That is,
letting $\{|{\bm k},b,\Uparrow \rangle,\, |{\bm k},b,\Downarrow
\rangle\}$ be the pseudospin basis at momentum ${\bm k}$ in band $b$,
we have the operation of inversion
\begin{equation}
P|{\bm k},b,\Uparrow \rangle = |-{\bm k},b,\Uparrow
\rangle\,, \quad P|{\bm k},b,\Downarrow \rangle = |-{\bm k},b,\Downarrow
\rangle\,,
\end{equation}
 and time-reversal
\begin{equation}
T|{\bm k},b,\Uparrow
\rangle = -|-{\bm k},b,\Downarrow \rangle\,, \quad T|{\bm k},b,\Downarrow
\rangle = |-{\bm k},b,\Uparrow \rangle\,.
\end{equation}
It is furthermore often convenient to adopt a pseudospin basis where the
pseudospin has the same transformation properties as the electronic
spin under the point group operations, a so-called manifestly
covariant Bloch basis (MCBB)~\cite{Fu_MCBB}.
Consider a symmetry operation $g$ of the point group
such that
\begin{equation}
U_gH_0({\bf k})U_g^\dagger = H_0(g{\bf k}) \,,
\end{equation}
where $U_g$ is the unitary matrix for the symmetry
operation in the four-component basis. The eigenvectors
$\phi_{{\bf k},\pm,s}$ define an MCBB if the matrix with
columns composed of these vectors,
\begin{equation}
\Psi_{\bf k} = (\psi_{{\bf k},+,\Uparrow},
  \psi_{{\bf k},+,\Downarrow},
  \psi_{{\bf k},-,\Uparrow},
  \psi_{{\bf k},-,\Downarrow}) \,,
\end{equation}
satisfies
\begin{equation}
\Psi_{g{\bf k}}^\dagger U_{g}\Psi_{{\bf k}}
  = {s}_0\otimes u_g \,,
\end{equation}
where $u_{g}$ is the equivalent symmetry operation for
a spin-$1/2$ system.

We adopt the following pseudospin basis for our model
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi_{{\bm k},+,\Uparrow} =
\left(\begin{array}{c}
-e^{-\frac{i \xi_{\bm k} }{2}} \cos \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \cos
        \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \\  -e^{-\frac{1}{2} i (\xi_{\bm k} -2
                                         \phi_{\bm k} )} \sin \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
                                         }{2}\right) \cos
                                         \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                         }{2}\right) \\ -e^{\frac{i \xi_{\bm k} }{2}} \cos \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \sin \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
   }{2}\right) \\  e^{\frac{1}{2} i (\xi_{\bm k} +2 \phi_{\bm k} )} \sin \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
        }{2}\right) \sin \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k} }{2}\right)
\end{array}\right) &\qquad & \psi_{{\bm k},+,\Downarrow} =
                            \left(\begin{array}{c}
-e^{-\frac{1}{2} i (\xi_{\bm k} +2 \phi_{\bm k} )} \sin \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k} }{2}\right)
                                    \sin \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                    }{2}\right) \\ -e^{-\frac{i \xi_{\bm k}
                                    }{2}} \cos \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
                                    }{2}\right) \sin
                                    \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \\ e^{\frac{1}{2} i (\xi_{\bm k} -2 \phi_{\bm k} )} \sin \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \cos \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
   }{2}\right)\\ -e^{\frac{i \xi_{\bm k} }{2}} \cos \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
                                    }{2}\right) \cos
                                    \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                    }{2}\right)\end{array}\right)\\
\psi_{{\bm k},-,\Uparrow} =  \left(\begin{array}{c}
-ie^{-\frac{i \xi_{\bm k} }{2}} \text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} ) \cos \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
                                        }{2}\right) \sin
                                        \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                        }{2}\right)\\  ie^{-\frac{1}{2}
                                                     i (\xi_{\bm k} -2 \phi_{\bm k} )}
                                                     \text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} )
                                                     \sin
                                                     \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
                                                     }{2}\right) \sin
                                                     \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                                     }{2}\right) \\  ie^{\frac{i \xi_{\bm k} }{2}} \text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} ) \cos \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
   }{2}\right) \cos \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \\  ie^{\frac{1}{2}
                                        i (\xi_{\bm k} +2 \phi_{\bm k} )}
                                        \text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} ) \sin
                                        \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k} }{2}\right)
                                        \cos \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                        }{2}\right)\end{array} \right)&&
\psi_{{\bm k},-,\Downarrow} =  \left(\begin{array}{c}
 ie^{-\frac{1}{2} i (\xi_{\bm k} +2 \phi_{\bm k} )} \text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} ) \sin
                                        \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k} }{2}\right)
                                        \cos \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                        }{2}\right)\\ - ie^{-\frac{i
                                        \xi_{\bm k} }{2}} \text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} )
                                        \cos \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
                                        }{2}\right) \cos
                                        \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                        }{2}\right)\\  ie^{\frac{1}{2} i (\xi_{\bm k} -2 \phi_{\bm k} )} \text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} ) \sin
   \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \sin \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \\
                                         ie^{\frac{i \xi_{\bm k} }{2}}
                                         \text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} ) \cos
                                         \left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}
                                         }{2}\right) \sin
                                         \left(\frac{\omega_{\bm k}
                                         }{2}\right)\end{array}
  \right) \notag \\
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
where the angles are defined in terms of the coefficients of the
general Hamiltonian as
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:angles2}
\xi_{\bm k} & = \arctan\left(\frac{\epsilon_{y0,{\bf
              k}}}{\epsilon_{x0,{\bm k}}}\right) \\
\omega_{\bm k} & = \arctan\left(\frac{\sqrt{\epsilon_{x0,{\bm k}}^2 +
    \epsilon_{y0,{\bm k}}^2}}{\epsilon_{zz,{\bm k}}}\right) \\
\chi_{\bm k} & = \arctan\left(\frac{\sqrt{\epsilon_{zx,{\bf
        k}}^2 + \epsilon_{zy,{\bm k}}^2}}{\sqrt{\epsilon_{x0,{\bm k}}^2 +
    \epsilon_{y0,{\bm k}}^2 + \epsilon_{zz,{\bm k}}^2}}\right)\\
  \phi_{\bm k} & = \arctan\left(\frac{\epsilon_{zy,{\bf
                 k}}}{\epsilon_{zx,{\bm k}}}\right)
\end{align}
Note that the appearance of $\text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k} )$ in the
definition of the $-$ band states is ill-defined if $\xi_{\bm k}=0$;
since $\xi_{\bm k} = -\xi_{-{\bm k}}$, however, on this set of
  measure zero we can
define $\text{sgn}(\xi_{\bm k})=1$ and $\text{sgn}(\xi_{-\bf
  k})=-1$.

A key feature of this pseudospin basis is that it converges smoothly
to the electronic spin in the limit of vanishing SOC, which
is reached when $\omega_{\bm k} \rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2}$ and
$\chi_{\bm k} \rightarrow 0$. Other important cases are a purely Rashba
SOC ($\epsilon_{zz,{\bm k}}=0$), where  we
have $\omega_{\bm k}=\frac{\pi}{2}$, and a purely Ising
SOC ($\epsilon_{zx,{\bm k}}=\epsilon_{zy,{\bm k}}=0$)
which is characterized by $\chi_{\bm k}=0$. In the latter case the
pseudospin is again equivalent to the electronic spin.

We now consider the projection of the spin operators onto the
pseudospin basis of each band:
\begin{eqnarray}
\tau_0\sigma_x & \rightarrow &
\sin(\omega_{\bm k})\left(\cos(\chi_{\bm k})\sin^2(\phi_{\bm k})  +
\cos^2(\phi_{\bm k})\right)s_x \\ &&
+  \sin^2\left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k} }{2}\right) \sin (\omega_{\bm k} ) \sin (2 \phi_{\bm k}) s_y
\\&& +  \sin (\chi_{\bm k} ) \cos (\omega_{\bm k} ) \cos (\phi_{\bm k} )s_z\\
\tau_0\sigma_y & \rightarrow & \sin^2\left(\frac{\chi_{\bm k}}{2}\right)\sin (\omega_{\bm k} ) \sin(2\phi_{\bm k} )s_x \\ &&
 +\sin(\omega_{\bm k})\left(\sin^2(\phi_{\bm k}) +\cos(\chi_{\bm k})\cos^2(\phi_{\bm k})\right)s_y
\\&& + \sin (\chi_{\bm k} ) \cos (\omega_{\bm k} ) \sin (\phi_{\bm k} )s_z\\
\tau_0\sigma_z & \rightarrow & \cos(\chi_{\bm k})s_z
\end{eqnarray}

The pseudospin and Zeeman fields are not generally
colinear, with the notable exception of a $c$-axis Zeeman field. In
both the Rashba and Ising limits in-plane and out-of-plane
Zeeman fields produce pseudospin fields which are also strictly in-plane and
out-of-plane, respectively.

We now turn to the staggered singlet pairing state. Expressed in the
pseudospin basis we have
\begin{align}
  \tau_zi\sigma_y \rightarrow  &\pm\left[\sin\chi_{\bm k}\sin\omega_{\bm k}\left(\cos\phi_{\bm k}\hat{s}_x +
\sin\phi_{\bm k}\hat{s}_y\right) + \cos\omega_{\bm k} \hat{s}_z\right]i\hat{s}_y
\end{align}
Since we have a MCBB, the effective ${\bf d}$-vector indeed transforms
as a state in the $A_{2u}$ irrep, with ${\bf d}_{\bm k} \sim a_1 (f_y
\hat{\bf x} - f_x\hat{\bf y}) + a_2 f_{A_{1u}}{\bf z}$, where
$f_\nu$ has the transformation properties of a $p_\nu$-harmonic,
whereas $f_{A_{1u}}$ transforms as $A_{1u}$. We note that in the Ising
limit the effective ${\bf d}$-vector is oriented along the $c$-axis,
whereas in the Rashba limit the ${\bf d}$-vector is purely
in-plane. Comparing this to the projected spin operators, we note the
remarkable result that the staggered singlet state is immune to
in-plane and out-of-plane fields in the Ising and Rashba limits,
respectively. This is a particular feature of the staggered
singlet state which makes it generically robust against applied
fields.

\section{Model calculation}\label{sec:model}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{overpic}[width=0.4\columnwidth]{Gam_gfac_Final.pdf}
\put(0,90){(a)}
\end{overpic}
\begin{overpic}[width=0.4\columnwidth]{M_gfac_Final.pdf}
\put(0,90){(b)}
\end{overpic}\\
\begin{overpic}[width=0.35\textwidth]{gfac_Legend.pdf}
\end{overpic}
\caption{ The dependence of the effective $g$-factor magnitude on the $\Gamma$ point Fermi surface pocket (a) and maximum magnitude on the $M$ point Fermi surface pocket (b) on the ratio of SOC to interlayer hopping and relevant Fermi wavevector $k_F$. }\label{fig:appendix_g_factors}
\end{figure}

In a $c$-axis field $H$, the free energy of the uniform singlet superconductor relative to the
normal state is given by
\begin{equation}
F_S = \mathcal{N}_0\left|\Delta_0\right|^2\Phi\left(\frac{\Delta}{\Delta_0},\frac{k_B T}{\Delta_0},\frac{g\mu_B H}{\Delta_0}\right),\label{eq:app_FreeEnergy}
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{N}_0$ is the total density of state at the Fermi
energy, $\Delta_0$ is the zero temperature and zero field
superconducting gap. The latter is explicitly given by
\begin{widetext}
\begin{equation}
\Delta_0 = 2\Lambda\exp\left(-\frac{1}{V_0\sum_{\nu}\mathcal{N}_{\nu}\left\langle \left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2\right\rangle_{\nu}}\right)\exp\left(-\frac{\sum_{\nu}\mathcal{N}_{\nu}\left\langle \left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2\log\left(\left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|\right)\right\rangle_{\nu}}{\sum_{\nu}\mathcal{N}_{\nu}\left\langle \left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2\right\rangle_{\nu}}\right),\label{eq:app_Delta0}
\end{equation}
where $\Lambda$ is the energy scale for the pairing interaction (the
exact magnitude of which does not enter into our calculations), $V_0$
is the pairing interaction. The $\nu$ index in
Eqn. \ref{eq:app_Delta0} runs over the Fermi surfaces, and $\langle\ldots\rangle_{\nu}$ denotes the average over the $\nu$ Fermi surface,  with $\mathcal{N}_{\nu}$ the density of states and $f_{\nu,\bm{k}}$ the form factor of the superconducting gap in Fermi surface $\nu$. In Eqn. \ref{eq:app_FreeEnergy}, we have also defined the dimensionless function
\begin{equation}
\Phi\left(\delta,t,h\right) = \sum_{\nu}\frac{\mathcal{N}_{\nu}}{\mathcal{N}_0} \int\limits_{0}^{\infty}dx \left\langle \frac{\left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2\delta^2}{\sqrt{x^2+\left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2}} - 2t\sum_{\sigma=\pm}\log\left[\frac{\cosh\left(\frac{\sigma\left|\vec{\gamma}_{\nu,\bm{k}}^z\right| h +\sqrt{x^2+\left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2\delta^2}}{2t}\right)}{\cosh\left(\frac{\sigma\left|\vec{\gamma}_{\nu,\bm{k}}^z\right| h +x}{2t}\right)}\right] \right\rangle_{\nu} \label{eq:app_Phi}
\end{equation}
with  $\left|\vec{\gamma}_{\nu,\bm{k}}^z\right|$ the
(momentum-dependent) effective $g$-factor on the $\nu$ Fermi surface
pocket. For the pocket centered about the M-A Dirac line, the effective
$g$-factor vanishes with the radius of the pocket
$k_{F,MA}\rightarrow 0$, while for the pocket at the $\Gamma$-Z line the effective
$g$-factor converges to the free electron value as
$k_{F,\Gamma{Z}}\rightarrow 0$ due to the vanishing of the ratio
$\tilde{\alpha}_{\bm k}$.
Additionally, the effective
$g$-factor of the $M$ point Fermi surface pocket is strongly
anisotropic. From our $\ensuremath{{\bm k}\cdot{\bm p}}$ theory at $k_z=0$, the dependence of the effective $g$-factors on the model
parameters and Fermi pocket size are presented in
Fig.~S\ref{fig:appendix_g_factors}. Clearly, for a wide parameter range the
maximum of the $g$-factor for the M-A pocket is typically close to
zero, while for the $\Gamma$-Z pocket the $g$-factor is generally only
slightly smaller than $g_0$.

The free energy of the staggered singlet (relative to the normal state) is similarly given by
\begin{equation}
F_{S,s} = \mathcal{N}_0\left|\Delta_{0,s}\right|^2\Phi_{s}\left(\frac{\Delta}{\Delta_{0,s}},\frac{k_B T}{\Delta_{0,s}}\right),\label{eq:app_stagFE}
\end{equation}
where $\Phi_s$ is related to Eq. \ref{eq:app_Phi} by
$\Phi_{s}(\delta,t) = \Phi(\delta,t,h=0)$ with the substitution
$\left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right| \rightarrow
\sqrt{r_{\nu,\bm{k}}}\left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|$ which accounts for
the reduced magnitude of the gap on the Fermi surface, with
$r_{\nu,\bm{k}}$ the superconducting fitness on band $\nu$
\cite{Ramires2018}. The $c$-axis magnetic field does not
enter this expression since it is not pair breaking for the staggered
singlet state,  Assuming the pairing interaction $V_0$ is of equal
strength in both the uniform and staggered singlet channels, the
pairing potential at zero temperature is
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{0,s} = 2\Lambda\exp\left(-\frac{1}{V_0\sum_{\nu}\mathcal{N}_{\nu}\left\langle r_{\nu,\bm{k}}\left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2\right\rangle_{\nu}}\right)\exp\left(-\frac{\sum_{\nu}\mathcal{N}_{\nu}\left\langle r_{\nu,\bm{k}} \left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2\log\left(\sqrt{r_{\nu,\bm{k}}} \left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|\right)\right\rangle_{\nu}}{\sum_{\nu}\mathcal{N}_{\nu}\left\langle r_{\nu,\bm{k}}\left|f_{\nu,\bm{k}}\right|^2\right\rangle_{\nu}}\right).
\end{equation}
The necessary choice of a specific value for the pairing interaction is the only non-universal aspect of our calculation, as the energy scale $\Lambda$ is irrelevant since the staggered singlet free energy can be expressed in terms of the ratio between the two gap magnitudes, and we assume an intermediate pairing interaction strength of $V_0\mathcal{N}_0=0.3$.
\end{widetext}

We minimize the free energy of the uniform and staggered singlet
states, Eqs. \ref{eq:app_FreeEnergy} and \ref{eq:app_stagFE}, and
compare the two over the range of temperature and field to obtain the
phase diagram.
Reasonable variation of the effective $g$-factor magnitudes  or
  interaction strength does not qualitatively alter the phase
diagram.  However, the reduction  of the effective $g$-factor at the $\Gamma$ point and enhancement at the $M$ point in Fig.~S \ref{fig:appendix_different_g_factors} reduces the critical field magnitudes, but does not qualitatively alter the phase diagram otherwise.

\begin{figure}
\begin{overpic}[width=0.35\columnwidth]{Hc2P_g80m20_N90_v2_rescale.pdf}
\put(0,0){(a)}
\end{overpic}
\begin{overpic}[width=0.35\columnwidth]{TctHp_g80m20_N_rescale.pdf}
\put(0,0){(b)}
\end{overpic}
\caption{Variation of the effective $g$-factor magnitudes: (a) The phase diagram
for $\mathcal{N}_M=0.9\mathcal{N}_0$, the blue line gives the upper critical field
of the uniform state, and the red dashed line gives the boundary of
the staggered state (shaded). (b) Plot showing the dependence of the upper critical field of
the uniform state ($H_{\text{max}}$) and the critical field ($H_t$)
and temperature ($T_{c,t}$) at which the field-induced transition
occurs as a function of the contribution of the density of states at
the $M$ point to the total density of states, assuming an equal pairing interaction strength in both channels, and $g_{\Gamma}=0.8 g_0$ and $\text{max}(g_{M})=0.2g_0$.}\label{fig:appendix_different_g_factors}
\end{figure}

We can additionally consider a model with Fermi surface pockets around
the M-A and X-R Dirac  lines, where the latter pocket has a strongly
anisotropic effective $g$-factor which is independent of
$k_{F,\text{XR}}$. For reasonable ratios of the SOC
strength
and interorbital hopping integral it has a maximum value close to the
bare $g_0$, although the anisotropy significantly reduces the average
value of the effective $g$-factor. In this model, we find that the M-A
pocket is still the most significant contributor to the stability of
the staggered singlet state, but that the pocket about X-R is
considerably less detrimental to the staggered singlet state than the
$\Gamma$-Z pocket, due to the smaller average $g$-factor in the
former. In Fig.~S\ref{fig:appendix_X-M} we highlight the effect of
including an X-R pocket instead of the $\Gamma$-Z pocket, and see that
the transition to the staggered singlet state generically occurs at a
higher value of $T_{c,t}$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{overpic}[width=0.35\columnwidth]{Hc2P_x90m10_N90_v2_rescale.pdf}
\put(0,0){(a)}
\end{overpic}
\begin{overpic}[width=0.35\columnwidth]{TctHp_x90m10_Nv2_rescale.pdf}
\put(0,0){(b)}
\end{overpic}
\caption{Two pocket model with pockets at $M$-$A$ and $X$-$R$: (a) The phase diagram
for $\mathcal{N}_M=0.9\mathcal{N}_0$, the blue line gives the upper critical field
of the uniform state, and the red dashed line gives the boundary of
the staggered state (shaded). (b) Plot showing the dependence of the upper critical field of
the uniform state ($H_{\text{max}}$) and the critical field ($H_t$)
and temperature ($T_{c,t}$) at which the field-induced transition
occurs as a function of the contribution of the density of states at
the $M$ point to the total density of states, assuming an equal pairing interaction strength in both channels, and $g_{X}=0.9 g_0$ and $\text{max}(g_{M})=0.1g_0$.  }\label{fig:appendix_X-M}
\end{figure}

As a final demonstration of the generality of the phase diagram of the
two pocket model, in Fig.~S\ref{fig:appendix_d-waves} we provide
results for an M-A and $\Gamma$-Z model but with $d$-wave form factors
$f_{\bm k}$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{overpic}[width=0.35\columnwidth]{Hc2P_g90m10_N90_d_rescale.pdf}
\put(0,0){(a)}
\end{overpic}
\begin{overpic}[width=0.35\columnwidth]{Hc2P_g90m10_N90_dxy_rescale2.pdf}
\put(0,0){(b)}
\end{overpic}
\caption{The phase diagram
for $\mathcal{N}_M=0.9\mathcal{N}_0$, $g_{\Gamma}=0.9 g_0$ and $\text{max}(g_{M})=0.1g_0$ with (a) $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave and (b) $d_{xy}$-wave form factors. The blue line gives the upper critical field
of the uniform state, and the red dashed line gives the boundary of
the staggered state (shaded). Here, $T_{c,0}$ is the critical temperature for the $d$-wave state.}\label{fig:appendix_d-waves}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


My challenge continues to be aware of posture + unrelaxed hands, arms, and shoulders to prevent numbness in my hands (especially my right hand). This came to a crisis 2.5 yrs ago. I've been to doctors, occupational therapist, and Alexander Technique teacher and am determined to control it without surgery. Mild arthritis is also an issue (age 67). I hold chords too tightly, press the keys harder than I need to, and frequently find my shoulders hunched. Releasing all of this helps.
I'm thinking of focusing on 17th-18th c. French organ music this fall (interesting, need to learn ornaments + performance practice better, and not so many chords). Will give my feet exercises and tricky Bach pedal passages (and learn the hands later).
V: So, let's talk, Ausra, first, about how to relax the body when you're playing organ.
A: I think one of the key things is to breathe, because if you will not breathe, then your body will get tension.
V: What do you mean, "Breathe," we all breathe all the time, right?
V: You know, they say you cannot survive more than three minutes without air, three days without water, three weeks without food. Three, three, three. So I think everybody breathes.
V: Until that time, I guess. But, what do you mean to learn how to breathe and….
A: That you're breathing needs to be meaningful.
V: So, when you're playing something on the organ, you also have to think about breathing?
V: How to do this at once. Think about music and about breathing.
A: Well, if you would think about musical structure, how the piece is put together, you would also notice that it's not through-composed.
V: There are some pieces which are through-composed.
A: Well, yes, but what I'm meaning is that each piece has its own phrasing. And that even naturally music, after the phrase, takes a break. So if the music breathes, you need to breathe, too!
V: Oh, the easiest way to imagine this, would proabably would be if you are playing a wind instrument.
V: And you have to breathe at the end of the phrase.
A: And in some sense, organ is also a wind instrument.
A: Because it has pipes!
V: I see! So everything that has pipes is a wind instrument. Or not?
V: Nice. So then, what goes on in our minds when we play, we try to breathe, does it help to relax when we breathe?
A: That's right, and also your posture is very important, when you sit on the organ bench. You need to keep your back straight.
V: And, people always forget this. Right?
V: Because they…. Especially me?
V: Right. You guys shouldn't see me right now. I'm almost in half line position recording this conversation, reclining on our chair.
V: Yes, Armchair. So, yes, sitting up straight… what else would help? Making small economical efficient movements. Not hitting too much.
A: Yes, but sometimes the soft motion with your arms might help you to relax, too. And sometimes, when people try to do very economic motions, let's just say they get tension, too.
A: At least that's what I feel.
V: So it's a practice. It takes time to learn this.
A: And another important thing is you need to take frequent breaks if you have problems as Barbara has.
V: Yesterday, I practiced the church organ….or was it the day before… maybe the day before...with my phone, I have this app which has a timer from the Pomodoro technique. It beeps every 25 minutes and reminds me to take a break. And then, it beeps again after 5 minutes to remind me that it's time to work. So after four of those sessions, it beeps again, and I can have a longer break, like 20 minutes. And then, it starts all over again, if I need to continue the practice of some sort. So, would you like to try it, Ausra, artificial reminders by phone?
A: Well, actually, my body, I think, is the best reminder for me.
V: You never forget how you feel when you are just so deeply focus on the music?
A: Well, I used to forget, but not anymore. With age, your body becomes more and more fragile.
V: Like a glass. You have to take care of the body more.
V: Even, probably, swimming is good.
A: Well, yes, but you have to know how to do it. Of course, in all these activities that I mentioned before, you have to know how to do it, because otherwise you might hurt yourself even more.
V: Taking a walk is very natural and a lot of people can take advantage of that without any training.
A: I think this is about the only activity that you will not hurt yourself, probably.
V: Unless you have knee problems.
V: So that's about relaxing your body. What about French organ performance for Barbara? Do you have some tips and pointers to start with?
A: Well, I guess you have to know a little bit about French ornamentation, of course, when you play music like this, 17th and 18th century French music, because it's all based on the ornaments. I would say it's half written notes, and then half the ornaments, if not even more than half.
V: In other words, if you omit all the ornaments and play just the written music, it's so boring!
A: Yes, it is. And, I heard that with French people, they never play the same piece in the same manner. They always change something—add more ornaments or play them differently. It's hard for us that are raised more like German school to understand.
V: And then, probably, if people try historical instruments, then they discover this freedom and beauty of color in French organs. They're not so good with polyphony, of course, but the harmonies are amazing, and colors, too.
A: So the second thing, the most important thing after learning ornamentation, would be to learn about registration—how to register a piece. Because, again, if you will not register them right, they will lose their sense.
V: Good thing that French composers tend to notate the registration quite specifically. But then, you need to adapt it to modern instruments if you're playing one.
A: Yes, and I used to think that French classical music is sort of a little bit boring, yes? But then I attended a master class, which was held by Olivier Latry at the Saint Cecilia Cathedral in Omaha, USA, and I really enjoyed how he talked about it, how he demonstrated it. And he compared the French classical music to theater. And it really makes sense how, for example, if you have a dialog between two hands on two different manuals with different registrations, and how one voice argues against another one, and it's really like a theater. You can make an entire story out of it. It's very interesting?
V: What's your favorite French classical composer right now?
A: De Grigny. Nicolas de Grigny!
V: Right. He is much more advanced than some of his contemporaries in terms of polyphony.
V: Well, I would tend to agree with you on those matters. It's easier to agree than to argue.
A: Do you think I couldn't take an argument well?
V: No, not because you couldn't, but I think de Grigny is a great composer, so there is nothing to argue about.
A: Yes, and of course I also love The Noëls by Daquin.
V: Will you be playing them for Christmas?
A: Maybe I'll do some. That's always fun. And again, it's so nice, you don't have to use pedals, you just use your two hands.
V: But don't be deceived too fast, because in the middle of the cycle of variations, they're extremely virtuosic.
A: I know! Especially in Daquin's variations.
V: They start slow, but they finish, oh….. like fire!


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