The Board of the African Society of Association Executives met and discussed the two AU decisions and their impact on African economic and social development.
Why should it be cheaper for goods and people to leave the continent to move from one country to another on the continent? This will enable Africa to harness the time, energy and value of intra-country trade, business and tourism.
"These developments along with the recent reduction in VISA requirements by key East African countries is already starting to have an impact. AfSAE is taken this opportunity to call all engaged civil society across Africa to join hand with the New Head of State of Africa Union, His excellency Paul Kagame, so that out of the 54 African countries that signed the trade agreement all necessary mechanism should be sped up to allow the African continent to boost the trade which is vital for our development", said Luc Bodea, Chief Executive of the Society for AIDS in Africa, and AfSAE Secretary.
GainingEdge and Gregg Talley Management are providing support to AfSAE.


Lamar Miller ran for a 97-yard touchdown, which broke a 36-year-old record.
The Titans set a franchise record against the Houston Texans on Monday night.
It was not a good one.
Texans running back Lamar Miller scored on a 97-yard run in the second quarter. The play was the longest run given up in Titans/Oilers franchise history.
Miller's run broke a record set by Eagles running back Wilbert Montgomery, who ran for a 91-yard touchdown against the Houston Oilers on Dec. 19, 1982.
"Personally, I put it on myself. I've got to make that play," said Titans safety Kevin Byard, who had a missed tackle on the play. "I can't let a play get behind me. But give those guys credit. He made a good run."
Miller is the only player in NFL history to have multiple 97-yard runs, with the other one coming in Week 17 of the 2014 season against the Jets when he was a member of the Dolphins.
"My whole mindset was don't get caught," Miller said, knowing that Titans speedy corner Adoree' Jackson was quickly closing on him. "Last time (Miller had a long run earlier this season), when we played the Dolphins, I got caught, so all the guys were giving me a hard time."
The run by Miller came immediately after a turnover on downs, as the Titans failed to convert on fourth-and-1 from the Texans 3. Tight end Luke Stocker was stuffed on a fullback dive as coach Mike Vrabel decided against kicking a short field goal.
The Texans took a 21-10 lead after Miller's long touchdown and won 34-17.


text:
Factory fire sends huge toxic cloud over West Midlands
Fri 2 Jan 2009 19.01 EST First published on Fri 2 Jan 2009 19.01 EST
Thousands of people were advised to stay indoors yesterday after a fire at a chemical works released a large cloud of toxic gas.
The thick, low hanging cloud of phosphorus pentoxide was reported to be heading south over houses and towns in the West Midlands after a fire at Rhodia Consumer Specialities chemical works in Langley, near Birmingham. Police said the cloud, which measured about 15 metres by 122 metres (50ft by 400ft), was blown south towards the M5. They advised motorists to keep moving and keep windows closed and air vents off.
The chemical reacted badly when it came in contact with water and was likely to cause skin irritation and breathing difficulties, a police spokesman said. He added: "If you experience any of the mentioned symptoms please seek medical advice."
Oldbury residents were told to keep windows and doors closed until the cloud dispersed after four hours, at about 4pm. There were no reports of any injuries.
Fifty firefighters tackled the blaze at the chemical plant, which employs 400 staff. Police cars patrolled the area and warned residents to stay indoors. A cordon was placed around the factory, part of which was evacuated.
The blaze was brought under control late yesterday afternoon. Speaking from the site, Mick Birch, of West Midlands fire service, said: "The incident was caused by a small leak from a process using phosphorus, causing a small fire as phosphorus gas reacts with air."
Ben Bonness, a warehouse manager who lives two streets from the site of the blaze, said many locals had ignored police warnings. "The police were out in force earlier to warn everyone to stay in but, now they've gone, no one has been taking any notice," he said. "There is a weird black cloud, which has risen across the entire area, but I do not think anyone is too worried. Most people are all too keen to get out and have a good look at it."
West Midlands ambulance service said two Highways Agency officers were taken to Sandwell hospital. Mary Tooley, from Sandwell primary care trust, said other local hospitals had been advised to be prepared for possible casualties. "We also advised doctors of possible symptoms so that they were aware of the situation," she added. "Residents can be assured that quick and appropriate action was undertaken by emergency services and health agencies to ensure that the safety and public health of residents in and around the areas concerned was protected."
John Hamnett, site manager of Rhodia Consumer Specialities, said the fire started just after midday. "In conjunction with the local emergency services, the incident was brought under control by 2.15pm," he said. "There were no injuries sustained to any site personnel as a result of the fire. The public were advised to stay indoors by the emergency services as a precautionary measure during the incident."
• This article was amended on Tuesday 13 January 2009. A report on a fire at a chemical works near Birmingham referred to a cloud of phosphorus peroxide floating across the West Midlands. That should have been phosphorus pentoxide. This has been corrected.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The simplest possible nutella interface designed using web technologies

The interface already includes [nutella_lib.js](https://github.com/nutella-framework/nutella_lib.js) which will be configured by the framework automatically when the interface starts.

Remember: edit `<title>` to give a name to your interface and edit the `description` meta tag in `index.html` to provide a description of the interface.

# Changelog
- 05/18/2015, v1.0.1: updated to nutella_lib 0.6.1, abandon npm
- 05/11/2015, v1.0.0: updated to nutella_lib 0.5.4, moved to npm
- 04/16/2015, v0.2.0: updated to nutella_lib 0.4.3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sports Matters
By Sean Frazzette
College athletics, their purpose, and why Harvard should care more.
Source: WIki
From the age of 0 to about 17, I wanted nothing more than to attend University of California Los Angeles after I graduated from high school. The reason for that was not based on their prestigious academics, gorgeous campus, or beautiful weather. No, the reason I wanted to go to UCLA was solely rooted in the fact that I wanted to be a Bruin. I wanted to wear white, gold, and powder blue to every possible sporting event, stay standing for the whole game, and cheer and chant my team to victory. I wanted to end my songs with FIGHT FIGHT FIGHT. I wanted to wear a Jordan Farmar jersey without getting weird looks. I wanted to be a part of something bigger than me.
This dream of mine started from my consumption of UCLA football and basketball games. I saw the fans (almost literally) live and die by the fluctuations of a game. I joined in, but within the confines of my family room couch. I have distinct memories of tears for three straight seasons when UCLA's men's basketball team made it to the Final Four before losing (badly) every year. My heart bled blue and gold, and my mind was set on being a part of that tradition.
Fast forward to the end of my high school career. I had fallen in love with a school only forty-five minutes from my house, rather than six hours on a plane. Harvard brought together what I wanted in terms of academics, location, and opportunity. The school — as an academic institution — fit exactly what I yearned for. And despite loving this place as much as I had hoped I would, I find myself missing what was once the sole qualifier for the college of my choice: the athletic passion. But what I want to convey to my readers is not some song of sorrow about the lack of athletic concern at Harvard. What I want everyone to understand is why I care about sports and why I believe a school is at its best when the student body also cares.
First, think about Harvard-Yale weekend, arguably (inarguably in my opinion, but I'd rather not start controversy until the Controversy Issue) the best weekend of Harvard's school year. No matter whether the game is in Cambridge or New Haven, almost all of both school's populations show up, party like it's the last weekend ever, celebrate one of the greatest sports traditions in the schools' histories, and bond over a mutual dislike in the other school.
Now imagine if almost every weekend of the football season were like that. Or if most of the basketball games were like that. Or if many of the baseball games or lacrosse games or even volleyball games were like that.
That is life at a school with sports prowess. For simplicity's sake, I'll stick to football for now. Even when schools like Virginia Tech or Miami have bad seasons, their football stadiums are filled with college students being college students. Sounds fun, right?
Why couldn't Harvard be like this? Sure, we aren't the most talented football team in the country. But why should that stop the students from bonding together on the weekends and supporting the student-athletes that wear our school's colors and compete for our school's name? The reason I see sports as so crucial for a college has little to do with the actual practice of playing a game. As a sports fan, I love watching, analyzing, and understanding the intricacies of a game and its strategies. But I would never ask someone who finds sports boring or pointless to pretend to love watching a game. But the act of supporting your school and bonding with fellow Harvard students is something I think most people would agree is an important and entertaining aspect of college life.
So, on Saturday mornings, why don't we always tailgate outside Harvard Stadium and watch the game? Why don't we always celebrate big victories with bigger parties? Why don't we always chant our school's alma mater at every score?
After the last few seasons, we have begun to show some signs of sports interest with basketball. As the team has become vastly more successful under Coach Amaker, the crowds have become larger, louder, and less languid. And guess what? Those games are fun, intense, and a part of student life most people look forward to.
But it's not just the student bonding on the fans side that makes a college sports culture so valuable: there's also the connection that we can have with the athletes. In professional sports, there is a disconnect between the fans and players. The fans are typical people from every socioeconomic class one could think of. The players are (often) multimillionaires who have multimillionaire friends. The fans will never know or understand their favorite players' lives. But in college, the quarterback of the football team, the outside hitter of the volleyball team, and the point guard of the basketball team could all have been in your pset group for Ec10. The athletes are student-athletes. They're part of your daily activities in class. A major part of any game should be the interaction between the fans and students in a game.
Many people say places like Michigan's Big House or Florida's Swamp are the hardest places to play a college football game, due to the massive fan sections that generate momentum and a visible edge to the home team. While Harvard could not offer their teams the crowd size, we could at least try. Support the guy you met in CS50. Cheer on the girl that sat next to you in Gov20. We're all part of the Harvard community. Sports are a way to show that community what it means to you.
In conclusion, I would like to throw out some profound statement about sports and why Harvard needs to become more of a sports school. But I don't necessarily think there is one or that the previous statement is even true. I truly believe in the unity sports can provide, the school spirit it can produce, and the general excitement it can portray. So let's go Crimson. See you all on Gameday.
Sean Frazzette '16 (sfrazzette@college) wants to make YOHYO a thing.
September 13, 2013 September 4, 2015 Sean FrazzetteSean Frazzette
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I don't know about you, but I am defiantly ready for a Friday!
Friday has always been the best day of my week. Even when I was growing up and had to go to school, at least I knew if I could just get through the day I would have all night and the rest of the weekend to relax and have fun. Now that I'm out of school I look forward to Friday's knowing that my husband will be off from work (meaning he will be less stressed, & he'll be home to entertain the little one :) Plus, we almost always have "Something Sweet" and watch a movie!
I love that photo! Friday nights are our popcorn & movie night too :) But I think my fave day is Saturday - hubby is home and I'm not totally pooped from the weekend yet!


The new 2017 SKAL International USA Executive Committee officially took office and began work at their recent Winter Board Meeting in Orlando, Fla., endorsing recommendations of its Futures Committee, confirming its formal mission statement, goals and objectives for the year ahead.
New officers for the coming year are Holly Power, President, SKAL International Boston; Burcin Turkkan, Vice President—Administration, SKAL International Atlanta; Alton Hagen, Vice President—Finance, SKAL International Kansas City; Toni Koster, Vice President—Membership, SKAL International Reno; Jim Dwyer, Director—Membership, SKAL International Northern New Jersey; Dave Ryan, Director—Membership, SKAL International Sacramento; Steve Richer, Director—Public Relations and Communications, SKAL International Washington; Cyndi Golden, SKAL International Counselor, SKAL International Raleigh-Durham; Anita Peck, Auditor, SKAL International Albany; and Arthur Allis, Auditor, SKAL International Tucson.
The executive committee will focus on membership development and direct information for its 2000 members all across the country, increased usage of its website and Facebook page (SKAL International USA), and enhancements to its quarterly newsletter, Journeys.
•	Place SKAL in the United States on the national stage by working with other national tourism organizations.
•	Gather real time intelligence from prospective members on what would drive their interest in SKAL.
•	Highlight the networking strengths of SKAL as both a global and horizontal industry organization.
•	Focus on membership diversity.
•	Use stronger clubs to help developing clubs.
•	Build credibility and relevancy through stronger industry relationships nationally and internationally.
•	Expand programs for younger members.
•	Recruit individual members in locations without clubs.
SKAL International USA is currently the largest National Committee in Skal International with 2,000 members and 48 clubs nationwide.
Changing sympathies in Africa for the UNWTO Secretary General election?


text:
Trump calls for a $54 billion increase on defense spending
by Alex Hollings Feb 27, 2017
According to White House Budget Officials, President Trump is preparing to unveil his new defense spending plan, which will include adding $54 billion to the existing defense budget, and cutting the same from non-defense related costs, including a large reduction in foreign aid.
"This budget will be a public safety and national security budget," Trump told state governors at the White House on Monday. "It will include a historic increase in defense spending to rebuild the depleted military of the United States of America at a time we most need it," he said.
The White House will be sending the president's proposal to federal departments on Monday, as Trump himself prepares for budget negotiations with congress that could potentially take months to hash out. Regardless of President Trump's plans, Congress ultimately has the authority to determine what changes are made to the budget, but with a Republic controlled Congress, the President may well receive the support he needs for his proposal.
According to one White House official that wished to remain anonymous, the new budget will include allocating funds for the building of new ships and aircraft, as well as establishing "a more robust presence in key international waterways and chokepoints" – a portion likely in direct reference to growing tensions in the South China Sea.
It is likely that the president's plan to strengthen America's military will be met with a great deal of criticism from the Left, particularly because one department on the budget chopping block will likely be the Environmental Protection Agency. The United States currently spends approximately $600 billion a year on defense, significantly more than any of its competitors on the planet, so increasing spending on the military at the expense of environmental protections will likely see very little support from Democrats on Capitol Hill.
It's important to note, however, that officials within the American military have been begging for an influx of cash for years now – as the operational tempo of combat on multiple fronts around the world has left most of America's military worn down and in desperate need of maintenance. Budget cuts in form of the sequestration have strangled the American military, leaving huge portions of our nation's fighting aircraft unfit for service and leaving Naval vessels waiting years for refits they require in order to maintain America's seaworthy presence.
The State Department will also likely find itself with a significantly smaller budget under Trump's proposal. Current spending allots the State Department about $50 million annually, but White House insiders indicate that Trump may be seeking to slash their budget by as much as 30%, forcing it to restructure its internal organization and cut a number of programs.
"The president and his Cabinet are working collaboratively to create a budget that keeps the president's promises to secure the country and restore fiscal sanity to how we spend American taxpayers' money," John Czwartacki, a spokesman from Office of Management and Budget said on Monday.
According to Czwartacki, the president will release another budget submission that would focus on tax reform and "so-called mandatory programs" like "food stamps, student loans, health programs and farm subsidies" in March.
Image courtesy of Reuters
About Alex Hollings
Alex Hollings writes on a breadth of subjects with an emphasis on defense technology, foreign policy, and information warfare. He holds a master's degree in communications from Southern New Hampshire University, as well as a bachelor's degree in Corporate and Organizational Communications from Framingham State University.
Trump, Mattis respond to budget approval that provides $21 billion influx to defense in 2017
President Trump signs defense budget into law, biggest military raise in 8 years
New defense budget includes unexpectedly large pay raise for troops
Trump's budget blueprint aims to build defense, curb national debt
VP Mike Pence addresses defense spending at PACOM, prompting the question: Can the U.S. afford to maintain its military?
2018 budget proposal includes $1.6 billion request for border wall


text:
StaffAnne Gerdes2021-01-09T12:10:40-08:00
King County Medical Society's Staff
NANCY L BELCHER, PhD, MPA
Nancy's Bio
Nancy's Bio
Nancy L. Belcher is a veteran of the scientific and nonprofit business world. As the CEO of King County Medical Society for the past 3-years, Nancy has developed engagement opportunities and support networks for physicians and their staff. Leveraging the Society's 133-year history of partnering with physicians, patients, and legislators, Nancy is proactively identifying collaborations and improving the Society's ability to improve healthcare for all.
Nancy started her career as an undergraduate at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Fred Hutch) which motivated her to continue to pursue a life of science. Completing her Ph.D. in Biochemistry at Drexel University, and her doctoral research at the University of Pennsylvania's Wistar Institute, Nancy received a full academic scholarship from the American Heart Association. She also enjoyed working in the ICU at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia throughout graduate school.
Returning to Fred Hutch for her postdoctoral research in genetics and molecular biology, Nancy continued on as an oncology research scientist and was also a professor of Biology at Seattle Pacific University. After many years at the bench (and chalkboard), the confounding politics surrounding how science and healthcare decisions were made motivated Nancy to return to school. In an effort to identify ways to impact policy and have scientist's voices heard at the policy tables. Nancy received a Master's in Public Administration from the UW, Evan's School.
Internships in the Seattle City Auditor's Office, and with Senator Patty Murray were fascinating additions to Nancy's career. The SR 520 wetland mitigation efforts for the Arboretum Foundation, and settling a $35 million mitigation package, was empowering. Nancy was called back to Fred Hutch to focus on advancing scientific research and healthcare from 'the other side of the bench' as the Corporate Relations Director. Currently, Nancy is completing another degree at Stanford University in the area of Innovation and Entrepreneurship.
Nancy has enjoyed nearly every step of her circuitous career path. A firm believer that varied experiences, gained over time, have equipped her to anticipate those strategic moments that help to advance healthcare, science, and the practice of medicine. The ultimate goal is to provide improved healthcare for all and to represent the members of KCMS with the insights that only come from working as colleagues in healthcare.
Nancy enjoys spending her free time with her husband, Dr. Chris Belcher, their five sons, and one daughter-in-law (!).
SALEM ADISU
Salem's Bio
Salem's Bio
Salem Adisu was born and raised in Seattle, where she first developed her passion for non-profit work and working with children by volunteering with organizations like Teen Feed and St. Martin de Porres, as well as assisting as a teaching aide in Seattle schools. Her experiences with these organizations have inspired her to create a positive impact within the communities she is involved in and appeal to their diverse needs.
Salem continued to pursue her interests when she traveled to San Jose, California to attend Santa Clara University, where she earned a B.S. in Psychology with a minor in Child Studies. During her time at Santa Clara, Salem became involved with Ethiopia Reads, an organization dedicated to improving child literacy in Ethiopia. She worked with a team to coordinate fundraisers and events and create marketing materials promoting the organization's mission. Salem continued her professional experience by promoting student welfare programs within the SCU Office of Student Life.
Salem has returned to Seattle as a recent graduate to take on the role of Program Manager at King County Medical Society, where she will be coordinating a new program to expand awareness of lead exposure and poisoning within children. She is excited to begin the process of bettering a community that is near and dear to her heart.
CZARINA MANZANO
Czarina's Bio
Czarina's Bio
Czarina, a Seattle local, is excited to be a part of an organization committed to promoting health and the right to health in King County. During her time as a volunteer with Teen Feed and other homeless shelters in the Seattle area, she began to recognize the ways in which she wanted to serve her local communities.
Her experiences working with the diverse population of Seattle led her to pursue a degree in Public Health at the University of Washington, where she continued to work with various communities on topics such as nutrition and food security. During this time, Czarina began working with the Boys and Girls Club of America. Here, she gained teaching experience and further expanded her public health knowledge to include the health problems and issues children face in today's society.
Czarina graduated from the UW with a B.A. in Public Health – Global Health in 2019. Her interests include health advocacy, community outreach, and health equity. Czarina is excited to be a part of the team at KCMS and learn more about the complexities and nuances of the healthcare system.
JAMES PARIBELLO
James' Bio
James' Bio
James has spent 20 years working at the local, state, and federal governments by delivering lobbying, messaging, policy analysis, and consultation for both elected officials and a broad spectrum of clients. We are delighted to have James join our team.
BAILEY HARMON
Bailey's Bio
Bailey's Bio
Bailey Harmon is from Seattle and attended Lakeside School where she volunteered with both the Boys and Girls Club and the Alzheimer's Association. She is currently a sophomore at Carleton College in Northfield, MN where she is studying biology with a potential emphasis on biochemistry and neuroscience. On campus, she plays on the Knights' varsity women's basketball team, volunteers with Special Olympics, and plays on the women's club lacrosse team.
Bailey is excited to be involved with KCMS, learning more about the healthcare system and public health as an intern this summer.
CONNOR HINTON
Connor's Bio
Connor's Bio
Based out of Bellevue, Washington, Connor has continually found inspiration in bettering the local community through both advocacy and policy. His education and past professional work have inspired his desire to put this vision to work in the sector of healthcare.
As a Junior at Gonzaga University Connor is pursuing a degree in Political Science, an opportunity that is providing the tools necessary to find his voice in the field of policy development. Outside of this Connor has been a continued volunteer at the Rivkin Center for Ovarian Cancer, assisting in fundraising activities and helping with background work to ensure grants are provided to researchers in search of a cure.
As a new addition to the King County Medical Society as an intern, Connor hopes to further meet the needs of those in the community by assisting this group achieve their vision of success in healthcare.
ISHA KORDE
Isha's Bio
Isha's Bio
Isha is an upcoming senior at the University of Oregon studying Biology with minors in Environmental Science and Global Health. She grew up in Sammamish, Washington and spent much of her high school years volunteering in Seattle with organizations like Amrita Seattle and API Chaya. Isha's first glimpse into public health was through her internship at the Veteran's Affairs Hospital in 2015, where she interacted with doctors and patients before appointments.
During her time at the University of Oregon, Isha has worked in the McGuire Lab on campus as a researcher observing microbial systems in vineyard soil samples. This past November she presented her lab's research and the national SACNAS (Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science) conference in Hawaii and later became the president of her local SACNAS chapter.
Throughout the pandemic Isha has been participating in mutual aid work by donating time and resources to organizations throughout King County. She volunteered at Shelterhouse in Capitol Hill (previously known as CHOP/CHAZ) as well as Teen Feed in the soup kitchens to provide food for the large unhoused population in Seattle. These experiences allowed her to observe firsthand the racial disparities within unhoused populations. She hopes that her experience with the King County Medical Society will teach her how to bridge the gap between racial injustice and public health.
Other Staff:
Accounting: Janice Piper
Legal: Will Crowley, JD
Website: Anne Gerdes
IT: Troy Brown


Amateur comedians actually have to pay to perform – and hope that they build their name or maybe get some tips at the end.
But even the world's top comedians will perform for free. They'll do it to test out new jokes before releasing it to a more serious paying audience.
A topical joke – say about something that one of the Presidential candidates said – can be told for about six months, but loses potency soon after.
Jokes also follow the laws of supply and demand. If there are multiple comedians making jokes about Donald Trump's hair, then the audience will soon tire and stop laughing.
Read the full article, which goes onto talk about stolen jokes in the age of social media, on Quartz.


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text:
Q: IE Kills Session After Exporting CSV [CakePHP] i have a web application that export CSV  and i logged in as admin but what happened during the exportation the IE opens a new tab and export the CSV but what happens next when you click any of the link on the web app you will automatically logout!
This only happen on IE.
here is the header i used:
header("Content-type:application/vnd.ms-excel");
header("Content-disposition:attachment;filename=".$this->filename);

I am using cakephp 1.3.x.x
TIA :D

A: I think the problem lies in "open a new tab".  What you probably have is this new tab opening a new session, efectivelly killing the old one.
A solution can be to open new tab passing the SESSID as a parameter in the url of the new tab. So PHP detect correctly the session and don't create a new one.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home > Cars > CT > Spectrum of choice: How Lexus designs in colour
Spectrum of choice: How Lexus designs in colour
For something with no physical presence, colour has a huge effect. It controls moods, signals danger, grants permission – and acts as a refreshing drink for the eyes. It's just as important in the car world. Lexus dealer principals can tell you about car purchases made not for dynamic, practical, or price reasons, but because the customer liked the colour.
For Lexus, the role of colour is as broad and complex as the spectrum itself. On the simplest level, it determines the character of a car. It's easy to envisage an LFA in bright orange, for example, but less easy to imagine an LS in the same hue. Beyond that, the palette of Lexus colours has to hit the mark on both an individual and a global level.
Not just immediately, either, but gradually, over time. Overriding all other conditions, colour must underscore the premium nature of the Lexus brand.When you see the breadth and scope of colour's role in car design, you can also understand why Lexus has its own dedicated Colour Design Department, run by colour Meister Yoichiro Kitamura.
Kitamura got the job after responding to a "colour designer" job description that had been sent to his college by Lexus. "My teacher had never heard of that job title," Kitamura says, smiling. "To be honest, neither had I. My own background was in product and graphic design.
Lexus Colour Meister Yoichiro Kitamura oversees the Lexus colour selection process for each new model, a process that can take two to three years.
"Obviously I'd learned about colour at school, but I quickly found the science of car colour to be quite different. In simple terms, we use colour to bring out and maximize a car's character – but that takes us right into the psychology of colour, and how we can use depth and clarity to accentuate the shape and size of a car.
"The role of colour designer has now become very specific and specialized, but I think it's good to choose colour designers from wider, non-specific design pools, like graphics and textiles. They bring in different external influences."
Coming up with a colour for a new Lexus is a little bit more involved than holding some swatches up to the light and counting hands for and against. The colour development process routinely takes between two and three years, and is a collaboration between Japan, the U.S., and Europe. Detailed input comes not just from designers, but also from engineers, salespeople, and customers.
The first point of consideration is the car type, sedan or coupe, and its character, sports or luxury. Kitamura and his staff work closely with Mr. Nishimura of the Material Engineering Department to find appropriate premium and traditional "Japanese" colours and textures for the Lexus brand. That's inside as well as out: uniting a car's exterior with its cabin is of primary importance.
Possible new colours and textures must be prototyped long before launch. "There are always technical difficulties in accurately translating the colours that I have in my mind," says Kitamura. "You get discrepancies with monitors, inks, and any colour samples. Ultimately we always use natural sunlight to verify colours."
The Lexus colour design team works hard to co-ordinate interior and exterior colours.
"Sometimes I think there can be too much choice," Kitamura says with a laugh. "We have 30 main choices of Lexus body colours, but the LFA has unlimited options. Even so, around half of LFA customers choose white. Black and silver are very popular Lexus choices, so more effort is going into enriching and differentiating these colours with unique textures and depths."
Breaking through production-line restrictions by using pearl, metal, and mineral textures allows the Colour Design Department to create colours that are beyond the scope of most mass-market vehicles.
The thing about colour, of course, is that its appreciation is entirely subjective, a fact underlined by the views of the ladies in the Colour Design Department, each of whom has her own favorite Lexus colour. For one, Black Opal Mica was "love at first sight." For another, it was the CT 200h's prize-winning combination of Flare Yellow Mica Metallic and black. Another doubts that any red can ever match the depth and vividness of the IS's Red Mica Crystal Shine.
Mr. Nishimura chimes in with his own favorite – Sonic Silver. "That was designed to look like pure metal," he says. "It presented us with many unique challenges during development – and we engineers like a challenge."
This article was originally published in Beyond by Lexus magazine.
Inside Lexus's world-leading driving simulator
The LF-CC concept: An interior focus
Shân Hughes says:
I totally agree that colour plays a very important part in the sales process. Personally I am frustrated that there are so few female friendly colours in the range. If Landrover can do Purple why can't Lexus.
I also think designers should consider what women need from the layout. I want to put my handbag somewhere safe but accessible and the new RX design is not at all user friendly. Given how many of these models are driven by women then it is difficult to believe we are so ignored in the design process.
Would happily be part of the research or beta testing team if it would help.
David Crouch says:
Hi Shân
We were interested to read your feedback regarding the colour palette for Lexus cars and your comments have been fed back to our product team who manage the specifications and colours of the cars we receive. We will tend to use colours that we know will be popular in the UK market but your comments have definitely given us food for thought. Thanks also about the interior design and your example about where a handbag should be placed. This is probably not as straightforward in terms of implementation as it would require an interior redesign however this feedback has also been relayed back to the team. We would be interested to know what colour you feel the RX should be available in, we have assumed this is purple? Let us know if this is the case and what shade of purple.
Acceleration 0-62 mph (s) – 10.3
CO2 Combined (g/km) – 88


The double rhombic triacontahedron has three layers. The inside layer is a rhombic hexecontahedron made of 20 prolate golden rhombic rhombohedra. The second layer is formed by 12 rhombic icosahedra. The third layer is formed by 20 oblate golden rhombohedra.
Izidor Hafner "Structure of Double Triacontahedron"


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Snowden – Oliver Stone
September 28, 2016 / ReelDecisions
Snowden starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Shailene Woodley, Zachary Quinto, Tom Wilkinson and Melissa Leo. Photo Credit: Jürgen Olczyk/Open Road Films
While some may believe Oliver Stone's Edward Snowden biopic was made a decade too early (the events in the film occur between 2009 and 2013), there is something to be said for presenting the story to the public while it is still relevant and while things aren't yet resolved. The details leading up to, and the events surrounding Edward Snowden's exposure of the U.S Government's secretive surveillance programs was something Oliver Stone was born to direct (and write), given his penchant for politically controversial topics (the Kennedy assassination and the Vietnam war, for example). The Oscar-winning writer-director of Platoon, Born on the Fourth of July, JFK, and Nixon, to name a few, took on the challenge of capturing the story and also the essence of the man who leaked extremely classified NSA documents to journalists from The Guardian in 2013.
Snowden stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Edward Snowden, Shailene Woodley as his girlfriend Lindsay Mills, and a number of other accomplished actors as colleagues, friends, and contacts. Familiar faces such as Nicolas Cage, Melissa Leo, Zachary Quinto, Tom Wilkinson, Timothy Olyphant, and Rhys Ifans are featured throughout the film in various roles. Unlike most other Oliver Stone films, Snowden will appeal to a much larger audience; it's not as slow-moving or as long as some of his more famous films (which can range anywhere from 2 hrs to a whopping 3 hrs and 12 mins). The topics presented in the film may be complex, but they are explained clearly and certainly spark a sense of alarm and disbelief as the far-reach of the government is presented before your eyes. As one can expect from a movie like this, the world of coding and hacking is displayed in a stylish manner – all flashing lights and visual effects – which generally appeals to everyone aside from computer nerds who tend to know better.
Joseph Gordon-Levitt became Edward Snowden in this film. His mannerisms, his speech, even his look is completely captured almost to the point where it becomes creepy. It takes a moment to adjust to the new voice and to stop thinking of it just as an actor's "really good impression", but rather a performance – a full embodiment of the character Edward Snowden. It's a complex thing to try to show the internal struggle of a man torn between being patriotic and doing (what he perceived as) the right thing for his fellow man. The other actors do a great job in their supporting roles, but the focus stays on the subject at hand – Snowden. Even though you know how it ends, the film remains captivating and does not drag on (which tends to happen when a movie pushes past a 2 hr runtime).
It can be argued that the film only shows one side of the story and doesn't take into account the potentially dangerous implications of Snowden's actions, but it's the side that needed telling just the same. A striking number of people don't know the story, or even that it happened in the first place (which is even more shocking); so aside from the Oscar-winning documentary Citizenfour, this is the next best thing to get to know the man behind one of the biggest security breaches in United States intelligence.
Snowden was shown at the Toronto International Film Festival in early September 2016 and its wide theatrical release was September 16, 2016. The official runtime is 134 minutes.
2016 Releases, All Movie Reviews
Edward Snowden, Government, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Movie Review, Oliver Stone, Oscar, Snowden, surveillance
← Irrational Man – Woody Allen
The Accountant – Gavin O'Connor →


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Attempt to remove family home from reach of creditors partly successful
Types of ownership
Couples commonly own their property jointly. One of the consequences of joint ownership is that the survivor is entitled to ownership if one of the owners dies. In contrast, where a property is owned as tenants in common, each owner has a distinct share. If one of the owners dies, that owner's share passes in accordance with the deceased owner's Will. If there is no Will, it passes in accordance with rules set out in the Administration Act 1969. A joint tenancy may be severed – or converted to a tenancy in common. This is normally done in one of three ways - by an act of one of the owners showing that intention, by agreement between the owners, or by a course of dealing showing that the owners regarded their ownership as a tenancy in common.
Relationship property agreement ineffective, but change of ownership makes a difference
Mrs Harvey was being pursued by creditors of her rest home business for $1.4m. In order to remove Mr and Mrs Harvey's jointly owned family home from the reach of Mrs Harvey's creditors, they signed an agreement under s 21 of the Property (Relationships) Act 1976 agreeing that Mr Harvey was to receive the family home.
Mr Harvey died. Mrs Harvey's creditors claimed that Mrs Harvey was entitled to the whole of the family home because it had been jointly owned. This would mean the whole of the family home would be available to meet their claims. Mr Harvey's estate claimed that the joint tenancy had been severed and therefore Mr Harvey's estate was entitled to a one half share in the home. This would mean that only Mrs Harvey's half share would be available to meet her creditors' claims and Mr Harvey's half share would pass to his estate.
The judge held that the disposition of the property to Mr Harvey under the relationship property agreement was void because it was made with the intention of defeating Mrs Harvey's creditors. The question then arose - had the joint tenancy been severed, therefore entitling Mr Harvey's estate to a one half share of the home, even though the legal transfer of the property to Mr Harvey had not been registered? The Judge found on the evidence that Mr and Mrs Harvey had a common intention to sever their joint tenancy. Alternatively, Mr and Mrs Harvey's conduct showed that they treated their interests as separate and not joint. Mrs Harvey's creditors could therefore lay claim to only half of the family home and Mr Harvey's estate was able to retain the other half share.
Planning can make a difference
There are advantages and disadvantages to both types of ownership depending on the particular circumstances of the owners. The type of ownership chosen can be a valuable tool to protect assets or enable an easy transfer if one of the owners dies. If Mr and Mrs Harvey had done nothing, Mrs Harvey would have been entitled to all of the jointly owned family home when Mr Harvey died and her creditors would have been in a much happier position.
Please email me at [email protected] with your ideas for future articles. Keep an eye out for next month's column, where I will discuss another relevant rural legal issue.
Barbara McDermott is a partner of Norris Ward McKinnon, specialising in commercial and rural law. With offices in Hamilton and Huntly, we have friendly, expert legal advisors ready to help you with your business and personal legal matters.


STX PANOCEAN (UK) CO., LTD., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GLORY WEALTH SHIPPING PTE LTD. and Glory Wealth Shipping Services Ltd. of BVI, Defendants-Appellees.
Before: WALKER, CALABRESI, and WESLEY, Circuit Judges. Christopher Carlsen, Clyde and Co. U.S. LLP, New York, NY, for Plaintiff-Appellant. James H. Power, (Lisa D. Schaupp on the brief), Holland & Knight, LLP, New York, NY, for Defendants-Appellees.
Plaintiff-Appellant STX Panocean (UK) Co., Ltd. ("STX") appeals from and seeks a stay, pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 8(a), of the December 10, 2008 order of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Daniels, J.) vacating the ex parte Process of Maritime Attachment and Garnishment obtained by STX in the amount of $900,000 against Glory Wealth Shipping Pte Ltd. ("Glory Wealth") and Glory Wealth Shipping Service Ltd. ("Glory Service") (collectively, the "Defendants"). We find that registration with the New York Department of State, pursuant to New York Business Corporation Law § 1304, to conduct business in New York, and designation of an agent within the district upon whom process may be served constitutes being "found" within the district for purposes of Rule B of the Supplemental Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions. We therefore affirm the district court's vacatur of the maritime attachment and dismiss the motion for a stay as moot.
In November 2008, STX filed a complaint against Defendants, alleging that Glory Wealth agreed to charter one of its vessels, but then failed to produce the required hire payment for a fifteen-day period, and that Glory Service served as guarantor of Glory Wealth's performance. The district court issued an ex parte order pursuant to Rule B of the Supplemental Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions granting an attachment against Glory Wealth in the amount of $900,000. See STX Panocean (UK) Co., Ltd. v. Glory Wealth Shipping Pte Ltd., No. 08-CV-9762 (GBD) (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 13, 2008) (Ex Parte Order).
The Defendants responded with a letter motion to vacate the attachment. The Defendants argued that they were not subject to a Rule B attachment because they had registered with the New York Department of State and therefore could be "found" in New York for Rule B purposes.
On December 10, 2008, the district court conducted a hearing to assess whether Glory Wealth in fact met Rule B's requirements. At the conclusion of the hearing, the district court vacated the attachment, finding that "[i]n the absence of a clear statement by the Second Circuit to the contrary," the court agreed with the sizable majority of Southern District judges who concluded "that the requirements [for a finding that the defendant is] found in this district are not a set of greater requirements than [those required to exercise] personal jurisdiction over the defendant[s] in this case." Id. (Hr'g Tr.) 27. The district court also noted that if STX won an arbitration award, it could return to the Southern District to satisfy that judgment against the Defendants. Id. at 28. STX reiterated its request for a stay of the vacatur pending the outcome of the appeal before this Court of Centauri Shipping Ltd. v. W. Bulk Carriers KS, 528 F.Supp.2d 186 (S.D.N.Y.2007), appeal docketed, No. 07-4193-cv (2d Cir. Sept. 18, 2007). The district court denied the application. Id. at 29-30. The district court explained that "the balance of hardships doesn't weigh towards a stay" where the attachment affected a significant amount of funds that were intended to flow to other parties. STX Panocean, No. 08-CV-9762 (Hr'g Tr.) 29-30. The district court added that "there's no reason to believe that, if appropriate, future funds can't be attached in further support of an arbitration award," particularly where it was unclear whether STX had even filed for arbitration. Id. at 30. On December 16, 2008, STX filed a timely notice of appeal.
On December 18, 2008, STX filed a motion for a stay of execution of the order vacating the attachment. The applications judge granted a temporary stay pending this Court's hearing of that motion.
Because this is an issue of frequent occurrence in this circuit, see, e.g., Marimed Shipping, Inc. v. Persian Gulf Shipping Co., 567 F.Supp.2d 524 (S.D.N.Y.2008); Pioneer Navigation Ltd. v. STX Pan Ocean (U.K.) Co., 08 Civ. 10490(JGK), 2008 WL 5334550 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 18, 2008); Minmetals Shipping & Forwarding Co. v. HBC Hamburg Bulk Carriers GmbH & Co., No. 08 Civ. 3533(RWS), 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 48639, 2008 WL 2518709 (S.D.N.Y. June 24, 2008); Carolina Shipping, Ltd. v. Renaissance Ins. Group, No. 08 Civ 4711(BSJ), 2008 U.S. Dist. Lexis 104432 (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 10, 2008), appeal docketed, No. 08-3142-cv (2d Cir. Jun. 24, 2008); Centauri, 528 F.Supp.2d at 186, and disposition of the motion requires analysis of the merits of the underlying appeal, we consolidated the motion and underlying appeal to resolve the merits of plaintiff's claim for an attachment. The parties were instructed to brief the substance of the appeal as well as the motion.
This Court, in its discretion, may issue a stay pending appeal under Rule 8(a) of the Supplemental Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions. A factor to be considered in granting a stay is whether the movant has demonstrated "a strong showing that he is likely to succeed on the merits." McCue v. City of New York (In re World Trade Ctr. Disaster Site Litig.), 503 F.3d 167, 170 (2d Cir.2007). In our view, STX cannot demonstrate any likelihood of success on the merits.
Maritime attachments arose because it is often more difficult to obtain jurisdiction over parties to a maritime dispute than parties to a traditional civil action. Maritime parties are itinerant, their assets transitory. See In re Louisville Underwriters, 134 U.S. 488, 493, 10 S.Ct. 587, 33 L.Ed. 991 (1890). Thus, the traditional policy underlying maritime attachment has been to permit the attachment of assets wherever they can be found, thereby obviating the need for a plaintiff to "scour the globe" to find a proper forum for suit, or property of the defendant sufficient to satisfy a judgment. Aqua Stoli Shipping Ltd. v. Gardner Smith Pty Ltd., 460 F.3d 434, 443 (2d Cir.2006).
As such, an attachment under Admiralty Rule B serves two purposes. The attachment establishes jurisdiction over a portion of a defendant's property and thereby creates a fund from which a judgment may be satisfied. See Seawind Compania, S.A. v. Crescent Line, Inc., 320 F.2d 580, 581-82 (2d Cir.1963). However, this Court has stated that "[t]he two purposes may not be separated ․ for security cannot be obtained except as an adjunct to obtaining jurisdiction." Id. at 582. Thus, Rule B gives potential defendants the choice between subjecting themselves to the jurisdiction of the courts of the district in question, or making themselves vulnerable to the possibility that their property in the district will be attached. See Daehan Shipping Co., Ltd. v. Farenco Shipping Co., Ltd., No. 08 Civ. 10052, 2008 WL 5068952, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 24, 2008).
Although Rule B does not expressly define "found within the district," this Court has interpreted it to require "a two-pronged inquiry: first, whether [Defendants] can be found within the district in terms of jurisdiction, and second, if so, whether [they] can be found for service of process." (the "Seawind Test"). Seawind, 320 F.2d at 582 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted); see also Integrated Container Serv. Inc. v. Starlines Container Shipping Ltd., 476 F.Supp. 119, 122 (S.D.N.Y.1979) (stating that "[a] maritime attachment is precluded under [Rule B] only if the defendants have engaged in sufficient activity in the district or the cause of action has sufficient contacts with the district to permit the court to exercise in personam jurisdiction over the defendants," and the defendant "can be found within the geographical confines of the district for service of process."). While the purpose of the prongs cannot be separated, they are distinct: the presence of an agent authorized to accept process is, alone, insufficient to establish that a defendant is "found" within that district. See Seawind, 320 F.2d at 583. Similarly, sufficient contacts to establish in personam jurisdiction in the International Shoe sense, absent a showing of actual presence that would allow a plaintiff to locate the defendant in the district for service of process, will not support a conclusion that a defendant is found within that district. Id. at 583-84; see also Integrated Container, 476 F.Supp. at 122.
Federal law defines the requirements necessary for satisfaction of Rule B; however, federal courts look to the relevant state law to determine if those requirements are met. Therefore, we look to New York law to determine whether the Defendants can be found within the Southern District. See, e.g., Seawind, 320 F.2d at 583 (looking to state law governing service of process and personal jurisdiction to analyze whether the defendant was found within the Southern District).
It is undisputed that Defendants in this case satisfy the second prong of the Seawind Test, as both parties agree that Defendants have designated an in-state agent to receive service of process in the district at issue. See STX Panocean, No. 08 CV 9762, (Hr'g Tr.) 7. Therefore, we need only address the first prong of the test: whether Defendants are subject to personal jurisdiction in the district.
It is well-settled under New York law that registration under § 1304 subjects foreign companies to personal jurisdiction in New York. See, e.g., Augsbury Corp. v. Petrokey Corp., 97 A.D.2d 173, 470 N.Y.S.2d 787 (3d Dep't 1983); Robfogel Mill-Andrews Corp. v. Cupples Co., Mfrs., 67 Misc.2d 623, 624, 323 N.Y.S.2d 381 (1971). Federal courts have applied this doctrine as well. See, e.g., Iyalla v. TRT Holdings, Inc., No. 04 Civ. 8114(NRB), 2005 WL 1765707, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. July 25, 2005); Cannon v. Newmar Corp., 210 F.Supp.2d 461, 463 n. 2 (S.D.N.Y.2002); see also Rockefeller Univ. v. Ligand Pharms., 581 F.Supp.2d 461, 467 (S.D.N.Y.2008) (holding that authorization to do business in New York and designation of a registered agent for service of process "amount to consent to personal jurisdiction in New York.").
Only one Southern District of New York case, Erne Shipping Inc. v. HBC Hamburg Bulk Carriers, GmbH & Co. KG, 409 F.Supp.2d 427 (S.D.N.Y.2006), overruled in part by Aqua Stoli, 460 F.3d at 446, has found a foreign corporation's "mere filing for authorization to do business" in New York to be insufficient under Rule B, which the district court interpreted as requiring more "systematic and continuous" contacts. In contrast, every subsequent Southern District court to have considered the issue has held that registration with the Department of State pursuant to New York Business Corporation Law § 1304, constitutes being "found" within the district for purposes of Rule B. See Marimed Shipping, 567 F.Supp.2d at 528 (citing cases). Erne has been widely discussed, criticized, and rejected by the judges in the Southern District. See, e.g., id.; Centauri Shipping, 528 F.Supp.2d at 191-92.
Under this majority view, amenability to suit, rather than a party's economic and physical activities in the district at issue, is the touchstone of the first prong of the Seawind Test. See Integrated Container, 476 F.Supp. at 123; Centauri Shipping, 528 F.Supp.2d at 191. Recently, in Aqua Stoli, this Court declined to specifically discuss the "found" factor of the Rule B test, stating that district courts have not "experienced any confusion in its application," and citing Integrated Container, 476 F.Supp. at 123, in support of this contention. 460 F.3d at 445 n. 4. In Integrated Container, Judge Pierre N. Leval, then sitting on the district court, held that the jurisdictional presence factor is satisfied either where the defendant's "activity in the district" or its "contacts within the district ․ permit the court to exercise in personam jurisdiction over the defendant." Id. at 122. Applying this standard, the court in Integrated Container found that the defendant's registration as a foreign corporation with the New York Department of State, as well as its contractual consent to suit in New York, were sufficient to establish the defendant's presence within the district for purposes of Rule B. Id.
Moreover, the district courts' reasoning that registration with the State satisfies the jurisdictional prong of the test for being "found" is persuasive in light of the underlying purpose of maritime attachment. In the context of peripatetic defendants with transient assets, maritime attachment is aimed at obviating a plaintiff's need to determine where the defendant is amenable to suit. See In re Louisville Underwriters, 134 U.S. at 493, 10 S.Ct. 587. However, no "scour[ing of] the globe"-and, therefore, no attachment-is necessary where the defendant has already voluntarily subjected itself to the district's jurisdiction by reason of its registration with the State. See Amoco Overseas Oil, 605 F.2d at 655.
"Maritime attachment is centuries old." Winter Storm Shipping, Ltd. v. TPI, 310 F.3d 263, 267 (2d Cir.2003); accord Aurora Maritime Co. v. Abdullah Mohamed Fahem & Co., 85 F.3d 44, 47 (2d Cir.1996) ("[M]aritime attachment is a feature of admiralty jurisprudence that antedates both the congressional grant of admiralty jurisdiction to the federal district courts and the promulgation of the first Supreme Court Admiralty Rules in 1844."); see also Atkins v. Fibre Disintegrating Co., 85 U.S. (18 Wall.) 272, 303, 21 L.Ed. 841 (1873). It has long existed because of the highly international nature of maritime commerce and the transitory nature of maritime assets within a given jurisdiction. See Aqua Stoli, 460 F.3d at 443; Aurora Maritime Co., 85 F.3d at 48; Amoco Overseas Oil Co. v. Compangie Nationale Algerienne de Navigation, 605 F.2d 648, 655 (2d Cir.1979). But as the world changed, so too did the exact nature and necessity of maritime attachment. In 1966, when Supplemental Rule B was created, the Advisory Committee drew heavily upon Admiralty Rule 2. See Supp. R. B, Advisory Committee's Notes. By 1966, however, it was clear that the precise need for maritime attachment and nature of maritime commerce had changed a great deal over the previous several hundred years and was likely to continue to change. For that reason, neither Supplemental Rule B nor the Advisory Committee attempted to define what it means to be "found within the district." See id. Rather, the Advisory Committee stated that "[t]he subject seems one best left for the time being to development on a case-by-case basis." Id. This, we believe, invited courts to define what it means to be "found" in a common law fashion. But common law development in time can yield firm rules. And that is precisely what we hold today.
In the modern era, although maritime commerce is still international and maritime assets are still transitory, companies that have both appointed an agent for service of process and registered in New York, consenting to jurisdiction, do not pose the same needs for maritime attachment. Indeed, in today's era of electronic banking, many of the assets that are attached in New York are not ships, but rather electronic wire transfers routed through banks. And in today's era, "[t]he frustrated creditor" is not "much like Evangeline, the poor Arcadian girl separated from her lover, ․ tragically left to roam the shores awaiting the debtor's next arrival." Schiffahartsgesellschaft Leonhardt & Co. v. A. Bottacchi S.A. De Navegacion, 732 F.2d 1543, 1548 (11th Cir.1984) (referencing Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie (1843)). Rather, when that debtor is registered to do business in New York, there are generally any number of means to prosecute a civil claim and, upon receiving judgment, collect on that claim.
Thus, we hold that a defendant's registration under New York Business Corporation Law § 1304 is sufficient to satisfy both prongs of the Seawind Test and, therefore, a company registered with the Department of State is "found" for purposes of Rule B of the Supplemental Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions.
Because STX is not entitled to maintain its attachment by virtue of the Defendants' being "found" within the district, it cannot demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits for purposes of its motion, and, necessarily, it also loses the underlying appeal. We thus affirm the district court's vacatur of the maritime attachment and dismiss the motion as moot.
For the foregoing reasons, the district court's order of December 10, 2008 vacating the ex parte Process of Maritime Attachment and Garnishment is hereby Affirmed. The motion for a stay of that order pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 8(a) is Dismissed as moot.
1. We note that there has been some disagreement among district court judges as to the meaning of the term "district." However, this issue is not before us as the parties both agree that the district in question in this case is the Southern District of New York.


is Iodized Salt a Legitimate Source of Iodine?
I like Kosher salt for, but I don't have any at the moment. I generally avoid regular table salt because I figure there is more than enough of sodium and iodine in the food I eat anyway, and Kosher salt is easier to control the flavor of salt in food. I know supposedly iodine was added so people living far from the coast would stop getting goiters during the times without reliable refrigeration (seafood was considered the only source of iodine), but this just seems like policy politics and industrial waste cover-up like flouride.
Is regular table salt an actual decent source of iodine, or should i avoid it like plague. Also, after having used kosher salt for years in stead of industrial salt, should I consider iodine supplementation in months that don't have an "R" in them?
And before anyone says I should be using Tibetan time travelling salt from the steppes of Russia or Dead Sea salt from Turkmenistan, I am very far away from a health food store, on a budget, and have limited times to travel. I also prefer using kosher salt over sea salt if I can.
I should have been more correct in my terminology. Iodine (I2) can sublime pretty easily, but iodide (particularity KI) won't be going anywhere.
Probably micrograms (µg/mcg) not milligrams (mg).
@miked, iodine does vaporize fairly easily. Our iodine/silica mixture in lab will lose a lot of color if a first-year student forgets to put the cap on when they're finished with it.
Sorry, but I'm going to have to call BS on that. Iodine is a very heavy molecule and I know of nothing in the air that it would react with such that you'd not have any iodine after 4 weeks. I can't see any mechanism for there to be any loss of iodine from iodized salt.
Can you point to any information that shows that consuming table salt is significantly worse than sea salt or rock salt. Sea salt and rock salt are both still overwhelmingly NaCl.
^ I love this guy's ideas, but I think he might be autistic.
Don't they also have a higher percentage of thyroid cancer too?
Maj......it does not matter on PH whether you are right or wrong. Perception of the few dictate the respondants ups of downs......i will continue to kick out data to support my claims in due time. the quiltnis not a short term project.
And sometimes even not that.
Doc is right. Salt can prevent ultimate deficiency only - goiter.
he ate some "Tibetan time travelling salt" and disappeared to the future.
jeez doc. instead of typing dots to meet the 15 character criteria, you could have provided some reasoning for your answer.
"Once the container is exposed to air, iodine content is nearly gone within four weeks after opening (even faster under conditions of high humidity)."
So it's probably not enough to rely solely on salt for iodine.
Adding KI (potassium iodide) to table salt was a legitimate public health policy.
As to whether you need/should be using iodized table salt as a source of iodine, you about answer the question yourself. It depends on your diet and your other sources of iodine. If you consume lots of milk and sea food, you probably don't need it. If your only sources of iodine are muscle cuts from the mid-west, you might have a problem.
FWIW, the Japanese, renowned for their health and longevity consume on average about 10x as much iodine as the US RDA.
China is the first country to be aware of problems caused by spiking there salt supply with iodine. Excess iodine can cause hyperthyroidism. Its like anything, you want a just right amount, not too much or too little.
Theres lots of iodine in seafood, dairy, eggs. Stuff is everywhere. Theres even a decent amount of iodine in meats & veggies (although even eating a nutrient dense paleo diet, you still might be under the RDA officially without roughly one egg per day, youll still get at minimum around 80-100mcgs). One egg has 25-50mcgs. 100grams of carrots has 20mcgs. Meat has between 10mcgs and 25mcgs per 100grams depending on the meat and how it is raised.
Either way if you eat fish, shellfish, dairy or eggs with any kind of regularity youll be making the rda on paleo. Even if you dont, you still be getting close.
So I kinda doubt that youll develop a goiter or go hypo eating paleo. And I doubt that anyone who eats a varied nutritous diet needs iodised salt.
I am currently delibrately restricting iodine, because my thyroid is overactive ATM. I eat meat, veg, fruit and nuts, and i am still getting 80-100mcgs per day. If I added in one egg and a bit of bacon, or one fish meal a week, or the odd bit of aged cheese etc id be at the RDA easy.
FYI, theres 400mcg of iodine per teaspoon of iodised salt. the RDA is 150. Iodised salt is mostly for people who dont eat right.
Get an iodine supplement or consume sea vegetables (seaweed) regularly. Table salt is a poison. Sea salt and rock salt is how humans were meant to consume salt. Sea salt and rock salt is a conglomeration of various chloride minerals, unlike table salt which is pretty much just a chemical.
i live in rio de janeiro and the only sea salt i can find is iodized, only one brand of regular table salt was without any iodine. i eat a paleo diet and get more than enough iodine through my food, which salt should i go for? does the sea salt out do the table salt even though i might be getting to much iodine?
I got kelp tablets for supplementing iodine. My recollection on iodized salt is that it isn't the best for supplementing iodine. However, enough people eat enough items with iodized salt to get enough iodine to NOT suffer from deficiencies (which is why they did it).