text:
zmq::norm_engine_t::norm_engine_t (io_thread_t *parent_,
                                   const options_t &options_) :
    io_object_t (parent_),
    zmq_session (NULL),
    options (options_),
    norm_instance (NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID),
    norm_session (NORM_SESSION_INVALID),
    is_sender (false),
    is_receiver (false),
    zmq_encoder (0),
    norm_tx_stream (NORM_OBJECT_INVALID),
    tx_first_msg (true),
    tx_more_bit (false),
    zmq_output_ready (false),
    norm_tx_ready (false),
    tx_index (0),
    tx_len (0),
    zmq_input_ready (false)
{
    int rc = tx_msg.init ();
    errno_assert (0 == rc);
}

zmq::norm_engine_t::~norm_engine_t ()
{
    shutdown (); // in case it was not already called
}

int zmq::norm_engine_t::init (const char *network_, bool send, bool recv)
{
    // Parse the "network_" address int "iface", "addr", and "port"
    // norm endpoint format: [id,][<iface>;]<addr>:<port>
    // First, look for optional local NormNodeId
    // (default NORM_NODE_ANY causes NORM to use host IP addr for NormNodeId)
    NormNodeId localId = NORM_NODE_ANY;
    const char *ifacePtr = strchr (network_, ',');
    if (NULL != ifacePtr) {
        size_t idLen = ifacePtr - network_;
        if (idLen > 31)
            idLen = 31;
        char idText[32];
        strncpy (idText, network_, idLen);
        idText[idLen] = '\0';
        localId = (NormNodeId) atoi (idText);
        ifacePtr++;
    } else {
        ifacePtr = network_;
    }

    // Second, look for optional multicast ifaceName
    char ifaceName[256];
    const char *addrPtr = strchr (ifacePtr, ';');
    if (NULL != addrPtr) {
        size_t ifaceLen = addrPtr - ifacePtr;
        if (ifaceLen > 255)
            ifaceLen = 255; // return error instead?
        strncpy (ifaceName, ifacePtr, ifaceLen);
        ifaceName[ifaceLen] = '\0';
        ifacePtr = ifaceName;
        addrPtr++;
    } else {
        addrPtr = ifacePtr;
        ifacePtr = NULL;
    }

    // Finally, parse IP address and port number
    const char *portPtr = strrchr (addrPtr, ':');
    if (NULL == portPtr) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    char addr[256];
    size_t addrLen = portPtr - addrPtr;
    if (addrLen > 255)
        addrLen = 255;
    strncpy (addr, addrPtr, addrLen);
    addr[addrLen] = '\0';
    portPtr++;
    unsigned short portNumber = atoi (portPtr);

    if (NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID == norm_instance) {
        if (NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID == (norm_instance = NormCreateInstance ())) {
            // errno set by whatever caused NormCreateInstance() to fail
            return -1;
        }
    }

    // TBD - What do we use for our local NormNodeId?
    //       (for now we use automatic, IP addr based assignment or passed in 'id')
    //       a) Use ZMQ Identity somehow?
    //       b) Add function to use iface addr
    //       c) Randomize and implement a NORM session layer
    //          conflict detection/resolution protocol

    norm_session = NormCreateSession (norm_instance, addr, portNumber, localId);
    if (NORM_SESSION_INVALID == norm_session) {
        int savedErrno = errno;
        NormDestroyInstance (norm_instance);
        norm_instance = NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID;
        errno = savedErrno;
        return -1;
    }
    // There's many other useful NORM options that could be applied here
    if (NormIsUnicastAddress (addr)) {
        NormSetDefaultUnicastNack (norm_session, true);
    } else {
        // These only apply for multicast sessions
        //NormSetTTL(norm_session, options.multicast_hops);  // ZMQ default is 1
        NormSetTTL (
          norm_session,
          255); // since the ZMQ_MULTICAST_HOPS socket option isn't well-supported
        NormSetRxPortReuse (
          norm_session,
          true); // port reuse doesn't work for non-connected unicast
        NormSetLoopback (norm_session,
                         true); // needed when multicast users on same machine
        if (NULL != ifacePtr) {
            // Note a bad interface may not be caught until sender or receiver start
            // (Since sender/receiver is not yet started, this always succeeds here)
            NormSetMulticastInterface (norm_session, ifacePtr);
        }
    }

    if (recv) {
        // The alternative NORM_SYNC_CURRENT here would provide "instant"
        // receiver sync to the sender's _current_ message transmission.
        // NORM_SYNC_STREAM tries to get everything the sender has cached/buffered
        NormSetDefaultSyncPolicy (norm_session, NORM_SYNC_STREAM);
        if (!NormStartReceiver (norm_session, 2 * 1024 * 1024)) {
            // errno set by whatever failed
            int savedErrno = errno;
            NormDestroyInstance (norm_instance); // session gets closed, too
            norm_session = NORM_SESSION_INVALID;
            norm_instance = NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID;
            errno = savedErrno;
            return -1;
        }
        is_receiver = true;
    }

    if (send) {
        // Pick a random sender instance id (aka norm sender session id)
        NormSessionId instanceId = NormGetRandomSessionId ();
        // TBD - provide "options" for some NORM sender parameters
        if (!NormStartSender (norm_session, instanceId, 2 * 1024 * 1024, 1400,
                              16, 4)) {
            // errno set by whatever failed
            int savedErrno = errno;
            NormDestroyInstance (norm_instance); // session gets closed, too
            norm_session = NORM_SESSION_INVALID;
            norm_instance = NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID;
            errno = savedErrno;
            return -1;
        }
        NormSetCongestionControl (norm_session, true);
        norm_tx_ready = true;
        is_sender = true;
        if (NORM_OBJECT_INVALID
            == (norm_tx_stream =
                  NormStreamOpen (norm_session, 2 * 1024 * 1024))) {
            // errno set by whatever failed
            int savedErrno = errno;
            NormDestroyInstance (norm_instance); // session gets closed, too
            norm_session = NORM_SESSION_INVALID;
            norm_instance = NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID;
            errno = savedErrno;
            return -1;
        }
    }

    //NormSetMessageTrace(norm_session, true);
    //NormSetDebugLevel(3);
    //NormOpenDebugLog(norm_instance, "normLog.txt");

    return 0; // no error
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::init()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::shutdown ()
{
    // TBD - implement a more graceful shutdown option
    if (is_receiver) {
        NormStopReceiver (norm_session);

        // delete any active NormRxStreamState
        rx_pending_list.Destroy ();
        rx_ready_list.Destroy ();
        msg_ready_list.Destroy ();

        is_receiver = false;
    }
    if (is_sender) {
        NormStopSender (norm_session);
        is_sender = false;
    }
    if (NORM_SESSION_INVALID != norm_session) {
        NormDestroySession (norm_session);
        norm_session = NORM_SESSION_INVALID;
    }
    if (NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID != norm_instance) {
        NormStopInstance (norm_instance);
        NormDestroyInstance (norm_instance);
        norm_instance = NORM_INSTANCE_INVALID;
    }
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::shutdown()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::plug (io_thread_t *io_thread_,
                               session_base_t *session_)
{
    // TBD - we may assign the NORM engine to an io_thread in the future???
    zmq_session = session_;
    if (is_sender)
        zmq_output_ready = true;
    if (is_receiver)
        zmq_input_ready = true;

    fd_t normDescriptor = NormGetDescriptor (norm_instance);
    norm_descriptor_handle = add_fd (normDescriptor);
    // Set POLLIN for notification of pending NormEvents
    set_pollin (norm_descriptor_handle);

    if (is_sender)
        send_data ();

} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::init()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::unplug ()
{
    rm_fd (norm_descriptor_handle);

    zmq_session = NULL;
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::unplug()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::terminate ()
{
    unplug ();
    shutdown ();
    delete this;
}

void zmq::norm_engine_t::restart_output ()
{
    // There's new message data available from the session
    zmq_output_ready = true;
    if (norm_tx_ready)
        send_data ();

} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::restart_output()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::send_data ()
{
    // Here we write as much as is available or we can
    while (zmq_output_ready && norm_tx_ready) {
        if (0 == tx_len) {
            // Our tx_buffer needs data to send
            // Get more data from encoder
            size_t space = BUFFER_SIZE;
            unsigned char *bufPtr = (unsigned char *) tx_buffer;
            tx_len = zmq_encoder.encode (&bufPtr, space);
            if (0 == tx_len) {
                if (tx_first_msg) {
                    // We don't need to mark eom/flush until a message is sent
                    tx_first_msg = false;
                } else {
                    // A prior message was completely written to stream, so
                    // mark end-of-message and possibly flush (to force packet transmission,
                    // even if it's not a full segment so message gets delivered quickly)
                    // NormStreamMarkEom(norm_tx_stream);  // the flush below marks eom
                    // Note NORM_FLUSH_ACTIVE makes NORM fairly chatty for low duty cycle messaging
                    // but makes sure content is delivered quickly.  Positive acknowledgements
                    // with flush override would make NORM more succinct here
                    NormStreamFlush (norm_tx_stream, true, NORM_FLUSH_ACTIVE);
                }
                // Need to pull and load a new message to send
                if (-1 == zmq_session->pull_msg (&tx_msg)) {
                    // We need to wait for "restart_output()" to be called by ZMQ
                    zmq_output_ready = false;
                    break;
                }
                zmq_encoder.load_msg (&tx_msg);
                // Should we write message size header for NORM to use? Or expect NORM
                // receiver to decode ZMQ message framing format(s)?
                // OK - we need to use a byte to denote when the ZMQ frame is the _first_
                //      frame of a message so it can be decoded properly when a receiver
                //      'syncs' mid-stream.  We key off the the state of the 'more_flag'
                //      I.e.,If  more_flag _was_ false previously, this is the first
                //      frame of a ZMQ message.
                if (tx_more_bit)
                    tx_buffer[0] =
                      (char) 0xff; // this is not first frame of message
                else
                    tx_buffer[0] = 0x00; // this is first frame of message
                tx_more_bit = (0 != (tx_msg.flags () & msg_t::more));
                // Go ahead an get a first chunk of the message
                bufPtr++;
                space--;
                tx_len = 1 + zmq_encoder.encode (&bufPtr, space);
                tx_index = 0;
            }
        }
        // Do we have data in our tx_buffer pending
        if (tx_index < tx_len) {
            // We have data in our tx_buffer to send, so write it to the stream
            tx_index += NormStreamWrite (norm_tx_stream, tx_buffer + tx_index,
                                         tx_len - tx_index);
            if (tx_index < tx_len) {
                // NORM stream buffer full, wait for NORM_TX_QUEUE_VACANCY
                norm_tx_ready = false;
                break;
            }
            tx_len = 0; // all buffered data was written
        }
    } // end while (zmq_output_ready && norm_tx_ready)
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::send_data()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::in_event ()
{
    // This means a NormEvent is pending, so call NormGetNextEvent() and handle
    NormEvent event;
    if (!NormGetNextEvent (norm_instance, &event)) {
        // NORM has died before we unplugged?!
        zmq_assert (false);
        return;
    }

    switch (event.type) {
        case NORM_TX_QUEUE_VACANCY:
        case NORM_TX_QUEUE_EMPTY:
            if (!norm_tx_ready) {
                norm_tx_ready = true;
                send_data ();
            }
            break;

        case NORM_RX_OBJECT_NEW:
            //break;
        case NORM_RX_OBJECT_UPDATED:
            recv_data (event.object);
            break;

        case NORM_RX_OBJECT_ABORTED: {
            NormRxStreamState *rxState =
              (NormRxStreamState *) NormObjectGetUserData (event.object);
            if (NULL != rxState) {
                // Remove the state from the list it's in
                // This is now unnecessary since deletion takes care of list removal
                // but in the interest of being clear ...
                NormRxStreamState::List *list = rxState->AccessList ();
                if (NULL != list)
                    list->Remove (*rxState);
            }
            delete rxState;
            break;
        }
        case NORM_REMOTE_SENDER_INACTIVE:
            // Here we free resources used for this formerly active sender.
            // Note w/ NORM_SYNC_STREAM, if sender reactivates, we may
            //  get some messages delivered twice.  NORM_SYNC_CURRENT would
            // mitigate that but might miss data at startup. Always tradeoffs.
            // Instead of immediately deleting, we could instead initiate a
            // user configurable timeout here to wait some amount of time
            // after this event to declare the remote sender truly dead
            // and delete its state???
            NormNodeDelete (event.sender);
            break;

        default:
            // We ignore some NORM events
            break;
    }
} // zmq::norm_engine_t::in_event()

bool zmq::norm_engine_t::restart_input ()
{
    // TBD - should we check/assert that zmq_input_ready was false???
    zmq_input_ready = true;
    // Process any pending received messages
    if (!msg_ready_list.IsEmpty ())
        recv_data (NORM_OBJECT_INVALID);

    return true;
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::restart_input()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::recv_data (NormObjectHandle object)
{
    if (NORM_OBJECT_INVALID != object) {
        // Call result of NORM_RX_OBJECT_UPDATED notification
        // This is a rx_ready indication for a new or existing rx stream
        // First, determine if this is a stream we already know
        zmq_assert (NORM_OBJECT_STREAM == NormObjectGetType (object));
        // Since there can be multiple senders (publishers), we keep
        // state for each separate rx stream.
        NormRxStreamState *rxState =
          (NormRxStreamState *) NormObjectGetUserData (object);
        if (NULL == rxState) {
            // This is a new stream, so create rxState with zmq decoder, etc
            rxState = new (std::nothrow)
              NormRxStreamState (object, options.maxmsgsize, options.zero_copy,
                                 options.in_batch_size);
            errno_assert (rxState);

            if (!rxState->Init ()) {
                errno_assert (false);
                delete rxState;
                return;
            }
            NormObjectSetUserData (object, rxState);
        } else if (!rxState->IsRxReady ()) {
            // Existing non-ready stream, so remove from pending
            // list to be promoted to rx_ready_list ...
            rx_pending_list.Remove (*rxState);
        }
        if (!rxState->IsRxReady ()) {
            // TBD - prepend up front for immediate service?
            rxState->SetRxReady (true);
            rx_ready_list.Append (*rxState);
        }
    }
    // This loop repeats until we've read all data available from "rx ready" inbound streams
    // and pushed any accumulated messages we can up to the zmq session.
    while (!rx_ready_list.IsEmpty ()
           || (zmq_input_ready && !msg_ready_list.IsEmpty ())) {
        // Iterate through our rx_ready streams, reading data into the decoder
        // (This services incoming "rx ready" streams in a round-robin fashion)
        NormRxStreamState::List::Iterator iterator (rx_ready_list);
        NormRxStreamState *rxState;
        while (NULL != (rxState = iterator.GetNextItem ())) {
            switch (rxState->Decode ()) {
                case 1: // msg completed
                    // Complete message decoded, move this stream to msg_ready_list
                    // to push the message up to the session below.  Note the stream
                    // will be returned to the "rx_ready_list" after that's done
                    rx_ready_list.Remove (*rxState);
                    msg_ready_list.Append (*rxState);
                    continue;

                case -1: // decoding error (shouldn't happen w/ NORM, but ...)
                    // We need to re-sync this stream (decoder buffer was reset)
                    rxState->SetSync (false);
                    break;

                default: // 0 - need more data
                    break;
            }
            // Get more data from this stream
            NormObjectHandle stream = rxState->GetStreamHandle ();
            // First, make sure we're in sync ...
            while (!rxState->InSync ()) {
                // seek NORM message start
                if (!NormStreamSeekMsgStart (stream)) {
                    // Need to wait for more data
                    break;
                }
                // read message 'flag' byte to see if this it's a 'final' frame
                char syncFlag;
                unsigned int numBytes = 1;
                if (!NormStreamRead (stream, &syncFlag, &numBytes)) {
                    // broken stream (shouldn't happen after seek msg start?)
                    zmq_assert (false);
                    continue;
                }
                if (0 == numBytes) {
                    // This probably shouldn't happen either since we found msg start
                    // Need to wait for more data
                    break;
                }
                if (0 == syncFlag)
                    rxState->SetSync (true);
                // else keep seeking ...
            } // end while(!rxState->InSync())
            if (!rxState->InSync ()) {
                // Need more data for this stream, so remove from "rx ready"
                // list and iterate to next "rx ready" stream
                rxState->SetRxReady (false);
                // Move from rx_ready_list to rx_pending_list
                rx_ready_list.Remove (*rxState);
                rx_pending_list.Append (*rxState);
                continue;
            }
            // Now we're actually ready to read data from the NORM stream to the zmq_decoder
            // the underlying zmq_decoder->get_buffer() call sets how much is needed.
            unsigned int numBytes = rxState->GetBytesNeeded ();
            if (!NormStreamRead (stream, rxState->AccessBuffer (), &numBytes)) {
                // broken NORM stream, so re-sync
                rxState->Init (); // TBD - check result
                // This will retry syncing, and getting data from this stream
                // since we don't increment the "it" iterator
                continue;
            }
            rxState->IncrementBufferCount (numBytes);
            if (0 == numBytes) {
                // All the data available has been read
                // Need to wait for NORM_RX_OBJECT_UPDATED for this stream
                rxState->SetRxReady (false);
                // Move from rx_ready_list to rx_pending_list
                rx_ready_list.Remove (*rxState);
                rx_pending_list.Append (*rxState);
            }
        } // end while(NULL != (rxState = iterator.GetNextItem()))

        if (zmq_input_ready) {
            // At this point, we've made a pass through the "rx_ready" stream list
            // Now make a pass through the "msg_pending" list (if the zmq session
            // ready for more input).  This may possibly return streams back to
            // the "rx ready" stream list after their pending message is handled
            NormRxStreamState::List::Iterator iterator (msg_ready_list);
            NormRxStreamState *rxState;
            while (NULL != (rxState = iterator.GetNextItem ())) {
                msg_t *msg = rxState->AccessMsg ();
                int rc = zmq_session->push_msg (msg);
                if (-1 == rc) {
                    if (EAGAIN == errno) {
                        // need to wait until session calls "restart_input()"
                        zmq_input_ready = false;
                        break;
                    } else {
                        // session rejected message?
                        // TBD - handle this better
                        zmq_assert (false);
                    }
                }
                // else message was accepted.
                msg_ready_list.Remove (*rxState);
                if (
                  rxState
                    ->IsRxReady ()) // Move back to "rx_ready" list to read more data
                    rx_ready_list.Append (*rxState);
                else // Move back to "rx_pending" list until NORM_RX_OBJECT_UPDATED
                    msg_ready_list.Append (*rxState);
            } // end while(NULL != (rxState = iterator.GetNextItem()))
        }     // end if (zmq_input_ready)
    } // end while ((!rx_ready_list.empty() || (zmq_input_ready && !msg_ready_list.empty()))

    // Alert zmq of the messages we have pushed up
    zmq_session->flush ();

} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::recv_data()

zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::NormRxStreamState (
  NormObjectHandle normStream,
  int64_t maxMsgSize,
  bool zeroCopy,
  int inBatchSize) :
    norm_stream (normStream),
    max_msg_size (maxMsgSize),
    zero_copy (zeroCopy),
    in_batch_size (inBatchSize),
    in_sync (false),
    rx_ready (false),
    zmq_decoder (NULL),
    skip_norm_sync (false),
    buffer_ptr (NULL),
    buffer_size (0),
    buffer_count (0),
    prev (NULL),
    next (NULL),
    list (NULL)
{
}

zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::~NormRxStreamState ()
{
    if (NULL != zmq_decoder) {
        delete zmq_decoder;
        zmq_decoder = NULL;
    }
    if (NULL != list) {
        list->Remove (*this);
        list = NULL;
    }
}

bool zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::Init ()
{
    in_sync = false;
    skip_norm_sync = false;
    if (NULL != zmq_decoder)
        delete zmq_decoder;
    zmq_decoder =
      new (std::nothrow) v2_decoder_t (in_batch_size, max_msg_size, zero_copy);
    alloc_assert (zmq_decoder);
    if (NULL != zmq_decoder) {
        buffer_count = 0;
        buffer_size = 0;
        zmq_decoder->get_buffer (&buffer_ptr, &buffer_size);
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::Init()

// This decodes any pending data sitting in our stream decoder buffer
// It returns 1 upon message completion, -1 on error, 1 on msg completion
int zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::Decode ()
{
    // If we have pending bytes to decode, process those first
    while (buffer_count > 0) {
        // There's pending data for the decoder to decode
        size_t processed = 0;

        // This a bit of a kludgy approach used to weed
        // out the NORM ZMQ message transport "syncFlag" byte
        // from the ZMQ message stream being decoded (but it works!)
        if (skip_norm_sync) {
            buffer_ptr++;
            buffer_count--;
            skip_norm_sync = false;
        }

        int rc = zmq_decoder->decode (buffer_ptr, buffer_count, processed);
        buffer_ptr += processed;
        buffer_count -= processed;
        switch (rc) {
            case 1:
                // msg completed
                if (0 == buffer_count) {
                    buffer_size = 0;
                    zmq_decoder->get_buffer (&buffer_ptr, &buffer_size);
                }
                skip_norm_sync = true;
                return 1;
            case -1:
                // decoder error (reset decoder and state variables)
                in_sync = false;
                skip_norm_sync = false; // will get consumed by norm sync check
                Init ();
                break;

            case 0:
                // need more data, keep decoding until buffer exhausted
                break;
        }
    }
    // Reset buffer pointer/count for next read
    buffer_count = 0;
    buffer_size = 0;
    zmq_decoder->get_buffer (&buffer_ptr, &buffer_size);
    return 0; //  need more data

} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::Decode()

zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::List () : head (NULL), tail (NULL)
{
}

zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::~List ()
{
    Destroy ();
}

void zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Destroy ()
{
    NormRxStreamState *item = head;
    while (NULL != item) {
        Remove (*item);
        delete item;
        item = head;
    }
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Destroy()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Append (
  NormRxStreamState &item)
{
    item.prev = tail;
    if (NULL != tail)
        tail->next = &item;
    else
        head = &item;
    item.next = NULL;
    tail = &item;
    item.list = this;
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Append()

void zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Remove (
  NormRxStreamState &item)
{
    if (NULL != item.prev)
        item.prev->next = item.next;
    else
        head = item.next;
    if (NULL != item.next)
        item.next->prev = item.prev;
    else
        tail = item.prev;
    item.prev = item.next = NULL;
    item.list = NULL;
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Remove()

zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Iterator::Iterator (
  const List &list) :
    next_item (list.head)
{
}

zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState *
zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Iterator::GetNextItem ()
{
    NormRxStreamState *nextItem = next_item;
    if (NULL != nextItem)
        next_item = nextItem->next;
    return nextItem;
} // end zmq::norm_engine_t::NormRxStreamState::List::Iterator::GetNextItem()

const zmq::endpoint_uri_pair_t &zmq::norm_engine_t::get_endpoint () const
{
    return _empty_endpoint;
}

#endif // ZMQ_HAVE_NORM


text:
Cuban Missile Crisis Analysis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest mankind ever came to a nuclear war. The United States and Soviet Union mobilized their armed forces and nuclear weaponry, bringing the world within hours of a nuclear exchange. The Realist perspective argues that the origins and outcomes of this conflict were caused by the never-ending struggle for military, economic, and diplomatic power between the United States and Soviet Union, but cannot determine why the conflict ended. Instead, the Liberal perspective explains that hostilities ceased because of the relationship developed between Khrushchev and Kennedy.
The Realist perspective argues the heavy emphasis both sides placed on expanding nuclear capabilities to serve as a deterrent resulted in a shift in the balance of power and escalation of hostilities. After World War II, two super powers emerged: the United States and its Western European allies, and Russia and its Eastern European allies. These alliances created a bipolar (two main powers) balance of power – the democratic West and the communist East. The balance of power is the process by which each state seeks to ensure that no other states dominate the system (Nau 31).
John Mearsheimer argues that a bipolar power-sharing world is the most stable because the two main powers only have each other to worry about (Nau 33), however, after the Second World War, this power equality began to fade. At the beginning of the 1960s, the Soviet Union was at a noticeable military disadvantage. The U. S. S. R. had a large stockpile of nuclear missiles that were only capable of reaching America's allies. America had three times more intercontinental ballistic missiles than Russia, and Jupiter missiles in Great Britain, Italy, and Turkey (Allison 92-93).
Moreover, the United States had a first-strike capabilities advantage. The United States had the capability to deliver a first-strike so debilitating that the USSR would not have the resources or means to attack the United State's homeland (Allison 92). As the Realist perspective emphasizes, in order to combat this inequality the Soviet Union was forced to take actions that would shift the balance of power in their favor. It found this shift in Cuba. Fidel Castro overthrew the Cuban dictatorship and established a communist state.
He then promptly started nationalizing American companies in Cuba, especially sugarcane. In response, the United States implemented an embargo on Cuba and actively tried to overthrow the communist regime. Because of the economic strain the United States placed on Cuba through the trade embargo and attempts to overthrow the Fidel regime, Cuba had no other choice but to grow closer to Russia. Russia quickly capitalized on this offer, allying with Cuba. In late 1962, the Soviet Union started transporting large quantities of arms, troops, and other war material in order to bolster Cuba's "defensive" capabilities (CNN).
The Soviet Union made these military shipments public, but did not reveal that it was secretly transporting ballistic missiles. In order to protect this secrecy, the Soviet government, under Nikita Khrushchev, went so far as to issue a statement that it would not "shift its [nuclear] weapons for the repulsion of aggression…to any other country, for instance Cuba" (Allison 78-79). In October 1962, a U2 spy-plane discovered missile bases in Cuba, causing President Kennedy to implement a quarantine on the Cuban island (Johnson 356). The Soviets responded by indicating that these missiles were for only the defense of Cuba.
Yet, as the Realist perspective argues, the United States could not be certain these missiles were for defense and not offense. From the Realist perspective, there is no distinction between offensive and defensive weaponry because there is no guarantee of the opponent's intentions. In this instance, the U. S. S. R. had already lied to the world about transporting ballistic missiles, and it was naive to trust the U. S. S. R. 's claimed intentions that the missiles were for only defensive purposes. In addition, Cuba's armament created a security dilemma.
A security dilemma results from the fact that, as each group amasses power to protect itself, it inevitably threatens the other groups (Nau 31). The build up of hostile forces on Cuban soil threatened the United States. The United States had to react with bellicose language and a large military force to ensure that its own wellbeing would be protected, resulting in an escalation of tension between the United States and Russia. The Cuban Missile Crisis was also a struggle for diplomatic power. The United States and Soviet Union were the leaders of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, respectively.
Each had a vested interest in appearing powerful in front of its allies and the world. If the U. S. was uninterested with the warheads in Cuba, or did not confront Russia with voracity and the might to support its rhetoric, its European allies would lose faith in their protector. Kennedy indicated that if they had not met this threat head-on then it "would convey to the world that we had been frightened into abandoning our position" (Allison 115). Likewise, the Soviet Union had to assert that it was more powerful then the West for the socialist cause.
By placing warheads on Cuba, the Soviet Union shifted the international balance of power in favor of the socialist (Allyn 155). Thus, the balance of power was also a diplomatic struggle. The forging of alliances and the strategic placement of nuclear missiles and conventional forces created an equilibrium of power: one side did not achieve a hegemonic domination over the other. When the Soviet Union used its diplomatic relations with Cuba to install missile bases, this tenuous balance shifted. The Realist perspective adequately explains the Cuban Missile Crisis in terms of military and diplomatic power as well as the origins of the crisis.
However, the Realist perspective fails to explain the outcome of the crisis in terms of a power struggle. The conflict finally ended with an agreement that Russia would withdraw its warheads from Cuba in exchanges for the U. S. 's assurance that it would remove missiles from Turkey. Kennedy looked favorably upon this deal because it dismantled the threat in Cuba without major concessions. The Kennedy administration knew that the Jupiter missile were inaccurate and unreliable (Trachtenberg 143-145). However, the removal of any missiles by Russia or the U. S. is impractical to a Realist.
The Realist does not understand why a country would willingly disarm its military armaments, intentionally making their power weaker. Furthermore, the Soviet's acceptance of the United States' insurance, rather than the physical removal immediately, makes even less sense to a Realist. It is irrational to lessen one's capabilities based on the trust that your opponent will likewise reduce its power. The Liberal perspective explains this dilemma. Before the crisis, there was almost no systematic discussion between the United States and Russia. Because of the lack of communication and interaction, a crisis inevitably rose.
However, due to this crisis, the leaders were forced to communicate with each other, increasing interdependence. Interdependence refers to the frequency and intensity with which states interact (Nau 36). Underneath the drama, they began to form a dialogue, alleviating pressure from domestic hardliners. This resulted in reassurance and mutual learning that ended in significant compromises on both sides (Nau 199). The reciprocity that occurred reduced hostilities and, consequentially, a peaceful resolution was achieved. This interaction also allowed for future dialogue between the two superpowers, creating the first rms control agreement and the Test Ban Treaty (Nau 199). According to the Realist perspective, the Cuban Missile Crisis was caused by the military and diplomatic power struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. Each power competed to assert its superiority over the other, driving the world to the brink of nuclear annihilation. However, the Realist perspective fails to explain the reason the crisis ended, because a new balance of power configuration did not emerge. Instead, the Liberal perspective explains that the conflict ended because interdependence and reciprocity was established, resulting in a peaceful resolution.
Example research essay topic: Alger Hiss – 1,696 words
Example research essay topic: All Quiet On The Western Front Report – 5,431 words
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Synchronicity is an Independent A Winter Guard based out of Kansas City, Mo. We have been apart of MCCGA since 2008 and WGI since 2009.
at Belton Middle School (107 Pirate Pkwy).
Flags are provided but bring your own rifles and sabres.
We provide flags to audition with. Please bring your own weapons if auditioning for them. Weapons is encouraged but not required.


And then a couple of a princess meeting a princess! 🙂 Sophia!!!
Oh my gosh this is so adorable! I love her little sneakers! How did you come up with this idea for this project? I'd love to do something similar for when I have children someday!


ok, so i figured it out. i just called at 3:30 PM PST and got the same message from them saying it could take up to 48 hours.
i then called back and mentioned that i was active on the forums getting help, within 2 seconds their tone changed, they said to check my account and the money is in there.
looks like you need to get the forums involved to have them lift a finger.
long story short, i did get my money back 33 hours after it was taken from my account, but only after mentioning that i had asked for advice in the forums.
i still love heritage but this was a nightmare.
quick update, it has been 8 hours since i called them this morning at 7 AM PST. no update from their end, how long does it take to hear back from a 3rd party processor?
im aware of the blacklisting, im not aware of them holding my funds hostage for 48 hours.
I have cashed out with Heritage numerous times in the past through MG and WU. I requested a 790 cashout that was processed on 2/2/2015 @ 6:15 AM. I received the information at 4:25 PM PST just like usual, stroll in to Wal-Mart and they told me the MG was put on hold, that they had to call MG.
I called Heritage and they told me to not worry, this happens from time to time. Go home, call them back at 7 AM PST when the payouts department was open, and they would resolve the issue and send out another MG for same day processing. This was Nathaniel that I spoke with.
I called this morning at 7 AM PST, explained the situation in full detail again, they told me they will email the 3rd party processor and it should be resolved shortly.
I have called at 8 AM PST, 9 AM PST, 10 AM PST, and now just recently at 11 AM PST and I keep getting the run around from them, stating that they know the issue, I am blacklisted from MG, but they cannot release the funds until they hear back from the 3rd party.
I just want my $870 dollars back, am starting to think that they sent me money from a bad processor name that was red flagged.
Just posting this for public knowledge, and in hopes that the forum advisors can help me out as Heritage seems to have a good rating and I have never had issues with payouts from them before.
Right now it is 11:22 AM PST, and my account is still at 0 balance.
YES!!!!! thank you terrible shooting 6ers!!!
Wow.. I almost lost it all with a backdoor cover, rattling in and out. Hope you guys were on the same side as me.
I hate to say it but the Warriors are playing some really good basketball right now. With Bogut injured, the old chemistry is coming back and the Warriors have picked up a little momentum. Having lost their past 5 on the road, they will surely be motivated against this Love-less Timberpup team, and start their road trip on the right foot. Timbers did defeat the76ers at home, but so did Minnesota's HS girl basketball team, so that's not saying much.


text:
#100DaysofFanFavorites | Day 70
25 Inimitable Men 20/25
Edwin Jarvis (Agent Carter)
#SideKickGOALS. I mean, go ahead, I dare you to tell me someone that's better — I'll be waiting. And listen, while we're normally all for listening to the opinion of others with the belief that no opinion is wrong, when it comes to this question, in the world of television, if it isn't Edwin Jarvis, the answer is wrong. Sorry not sorry, we don't make the rules. /End Rant. Agent Carter was the gift that gave us inimitable characters for two beautiful seasons before it was tragically robbed of a permanent home on television. (And no, I will never in my life be more bitter about a cancellation than this.) And in the midst of those exceptional two seasons, we not only got to know Peggy Carter, but we were given the chance to get to know the Stark's infamous butler Edwin Jarvis. In our short but profound journey with the greatest sidekick in the world, we were able to understand without a single doubt why Tony Stark decided to keep him alive for all these years. See, here's the thing, Tony Stark and I don't agree on much, but at least we agree on the fact that Edwin Jarvis is the absolute best. In all seriousness though, friends — in Jarvis we met someone incomparably brave, unceasingly kind, and indescribably wise. We met a figure who's truly indescribable and whose presence is an undeniable gift in the lives of many.
Jarvis' bravery isn't the traditional kind — now there are a number of men on this list who are brave. (I'm a firm believer in the fact that bravery makes someone inimitable.) But Jarvis isn't fearless — he's not someone trained in combat or espionage but rather a man whose heart is so good, he'd risk his own life if it meant protecting those he cares about from severe danger. His choice to accompany Peggy through all her missions revealed that bravery remarkably from the start. Jarvis wasn't merely brave because he'd take the type of risks men who aren't trained in often shy away, but he was brave in his understanding of life.
Throughout our #100DaysofFanFavorites, we've written about Jarvis' friendship with Peggy for the #25NearestAndDearest portion and well, here's a piece.
"Edwin Jarvis is perhaps one of the kindest souls to ever walk the earth, and when someone is as selflessly hardworking as Peggy Carter, she'd need someone who'd find the best ways to slow her down. And such a prodigiously profound moment happens so early with the two, it strengthens their partnership beautifully from the start. After a mission leaves Peggy in need of stitches, Jarvis chooses to remind her of the fact that no one's capable of handling everything on their own."
"There is not a man or woman, no matter how fit he or she may be, who is capable of carrying the entire world on their shoulders. . .From what Mr. Stark has told me, Captain Rodgers relied heavily on you. For courage, strategy, and moral guidance. You were his support. Your desire to help others is noble, but I doubt you'll find much success unless you allow others to help you."
Edwin Jarvis taught Peggy Carter the most important lesson that could ever be learned in life. So often we're prone to believe that we could do it all on our own. We don't need to disrupt anyone. We don't want to be a burden to anyone. We don't want to feel vulnerable enough to need people because society perceives such things as a weakness. But Jarvis' choice to remind Peggy that it's humanly impossible to achieve that level of heroism was perfect. Jarvis wasn't afraid of being vulnerable, lowering his voice and bearing his heart to help this woman see that though she believes Steve Rogers can handle it all, even he needed her. What both Steve Rogers and Peggy Carter have had difficult times comprehending is the fact that unknowingly the two have ceaselessly been the other's backbone. As much as Peggy believed in the fact that Steve could do it all, he too was under the impression that it was her he'd be lost without. And thereby, Jarvis' choice to remind Peggy of the fact that she served the most pivotal role in Captain Rogers' life was everything she needed and more. From that moment, it was clear that Jarvis would be the most suited to stand beside Peggy as her partner. He may not have been able to fight the fight, but emotionally and morally, he was her armor. He was the best friend she could've found in trying times and together they fought through the hardest obstacles in their lives. The darling Hayley Atwell said it best during the 2015 San Diego Comic Con panel: "There's this wonderful scene that I love where Jarvis is talking to her and saying you can't run away from people who are trying to help you and you realize in that moment that he sees her vulnerability and that in putting up this wall from having lost Steve, she's scared of letting other people in and Jarvis is that person who's kind of like a kindred spirit who taps her on the should and tells her she's not alone." The friend that often comes into our lives at a time we least expect them tends to be the one we learn most from. The friend who hears us in our silence is the one who'll often understand us best — the growth that's experienced from their perpetual presence is undoubtedly life changing."
There's an abundance of love within Edwin Jarvis that I imagine has shaped many, Tony Stark for instance. And it's that incredibly transparent love within him that allows him to be an effortless light in the lives of those he cares for. Jarvis' love is so visibly bare, those in his path never once doubt it. How could they ultimately doubt it when the man makes up words such as "Jarvelous." Jarvis is, in every sense of the word, one of the greatest souls to grace our television screen, if he weren't so fervently loving, he wouldn't risk his life for people. He wouldn't have compassion towards them — he'd silently do his job. However, his choice to be a friend speaks incredibly highly of the love that's within radiating the type of light that everyone could easily be reminded of in their lives. It's not surprise that he'd have such a profound place in the lives of the Starks — there aren't many people in the world that would put up with Howard Stark's shenanigans. And if we get into the love he openly showcases towards his wife, Ana Jarvis, I'll never shut up.
James D'Arcy's work as Edwin Jarvis is unparalleled — week after week, I was floored with the innate humor and bravery that was projected. There could never be another Edwin Jarvis — there could never be another character so unique. It's in the way he walks, talks, and acts — Jarvis is something else. Truly, there are very few characters who leave such profound impacts in a matter of 18 episodes, and never once do we doubt why he's so special. As mentioned numerous times above, Jarvis isn't the average superhero, but his willingness to fight –no matter how unsuccessful– and his wisdom in understanding's life's greatest struggles showcase the rarest type of bravery. A character whose kindness is truly unmatched and for whom words will never do justice.
September 21, 2017 mgcirclesmedia	100 days of fan favorites, 25 inimitable men, agent carter, edwin jarvis, james d'arcy, marvel, marvel's agent carter, mcu


Classical vibration design uses modes and transfer functions generated with the superposition principle to allow the verification of design objectives. If redesign is needed, one optimizes mass and stiffness in order to modify the transfer until the specification is met. Integrating damping and non-linearities in the optimization of detailed industrial models is however still considered a major difficulty, even though the physical mechanisms are well known. Approaches to handle viscoelastic damping and time domain modal damping are thus discussed. Distributed non-linearities, such as contact and friction, are becoming accessible to transient simulation, but lead to responses where modes are no longer defined. It is however illustrated that operational deflection shapes, associated with a singular value decomposition of the response, give similar information. Finally, a fundamental aspect of non-linear vibration simulation is the volume of output and the associated numerical cost. Model reduction is a key ingredient of practical approaches and a perspective on related issues is given.


Now, like three topics, it sounds at first glance but when You get The Red Tea Detox app (which you can do immediately after purchase as it is an online program), you'll quickly realize that you're mistaken. The 3 elements have an list of topics within each, which I will reveal to you. More importantly, each element comes with a variety of directions, tricks, tools , exercises, tips and information that will assist you succeed. It is laid out, although it may look like a great deal. Reading a weight loss program has never been so much pleasure. That is not to say that you receive a 60 Day money-back Guarantee when you buy this system. Considering you may lose between 5 to 20 pounds in as little as 14 times, that is more than sufficient time to find out what The Red Tea Detox can do for you.
Liz Miller is a naturopath Writer on Amazon. She's highly renowned within the fitness and wellness industry for her distinctive approach to assisting men and women across the world achieve their objectives. She steers away from tasteless diet plans and exhausting fitness regimes, and concentrates on the substance that functions — both the remedies and techniques from yesteryear. Liz Miller has created a fresh approach helping off unneeded pounds to burn by switching to burning that was high-octane from carbohydrate burning off. It is based on over a decade of research revolving round the cleanup of toxins and also the benefits of African tea.
In this booklet, you understand how radicals can hold back your metabolism and also the benefits of cleansing your body with African red tea. It clarifies detoxifying your body is significant and rewarding. You get a very clear overview about which foods are helpful to your body throughout its travel to some belly.
If you decide to perform the workout, it will improve your metabolism and could possibly double the pace at which you shed pounds. Exercise goes amiss and losing weight is a matter of intensity, not the time spent doing it. This booklet includes exercises that anyone ought to be able to perform.
Motivation and willpower are just as significant Path which you would like to follow. I've found that a lot of people have problems remain excited till they reach their objectives. That is a manual on dieting, fitness or detox should always include a segment. It speaks positively of this guide which you get one!
When you Get the Red Tea Detox program, you receive the Main guide, the 3 booklets, and qualify for each the bonuses if you here to get your Red Tea Detox application today! Liz believes in what she's doing so much that you get a 60 day money back guarantee, which is something we always prefer to see.
We have come to enjoy red tea per lot and this Guide did a fantastic job of teaching us what we needed to know. So what exactly did we enjoy about it?
Nowadays, even regular foods generally contain toxins in One way or another. There's a lot of research that affirms that our sense: Detaching yourself and cleansing your body as much as possible has positive effects. Liz describes it so anyone can understand the problems and alternatives.
The combination of exercise and Wholesome foods & Beverages can not fail. Better yet, it simplifies one of the main food related problems now: the excess usage of soda (especially in the USA). For a lot of , it's the only thing they drink (instead of water). If you're like this, switching from carbonated sodas to crimson tea alone makes a huge difference to your body. But you detoxify it, so the effects are even larger.
The Body is meant to be active and Live on foods that are natural, but we don't do either of them! People drink pop, coffee, or beer, lie on our sofa or sit behind a desk. Not only is that this historical African tea recipe amazing, in addition, it happens to be a beverage. No caffeine or sugar! Combined with the fitness booklet, both of the fundamental issues are addressed and lead you to results.
Red tea is great, as are foods, the guidelines, and Workout routines in this system. However, any such effort needs to be kept. Can you keep this up for a few months and alter your behaviour to stay being healthy? Or are you the kind gives up? The simple truth is that a lot of programs work well, although it is the people that do not. Any system requires discipline to keep doing this.
If you are really large, chances are you have more Ailments than your weight. Make sure that you don't see any app for a solution for all of that.


Moments before he is to play to a sold-out crowd, Lyle Lovett stands on the stage at Rialto Square Theatre to promote the town where he's performing.
"I played in Joliet, you should too," he says following a script. "Come play with us."
The promo, which will air on a local cable station, is Joliet's latest attempt to lure people to the former industrial town. And though Lovett acknowledges he hasn't seen much beyond the theater, he says if the "Rialto speaks to the rest of Joliet," he has no problem recommending that people visit.
With attractions such as the Rialto, the Jackhammers minor-league baseball team, two casinos and the Chicagoland Speedway, Joliet has seen its fair share of visitors. State tourism figures showed $585 million spent by tourists in Will County in 2007, an increase of 9.4 percent over 2006.
And the city is considering giving people even more to visit. The City Council next month will discuss plans to convert the empty Collins Street Prison, featured in "The Blues Brothers," into a tourist attraction. The state tourism bureau has given $100,000 to the Joliet City Center Partnership to begin the process.
The ad campaign featuring Lovett also has recorded spots with baseball Hall of Famer Fergie Jenkins, rock-pop musician Gavin DeGraw ("In Love With a Girl") and comedian Craig Ferguson of "The Late, Late Show," while they were at the Rialto or a Jackhammers game. Each tells people how they "played" in Joliet and others should, too.
Lovett said it's a tactic that just might work.
"If tonight's show is any indication, we're off to a good start," he said about his large audience.
The ads will start in March on a local cable station and print ads will run in magazines such as Midwest Living. The nearly $80,000 campaign is being paid for by the city of Joliet and a $36,000 grant from the Illinois Bureau of Tourism.
"We're trying to let people know about a number of different things that are fun to do in Joliet," said Tom Mahalik, vice president of City Center Marketing, which focuses on the downtown district.To help get the word out, potential jurors at the Will County Courthouse soon will be able to watch a 15-minute video that highlights downtown attractions. The $1,200 video, covered through the City Center Partnership, gives an overview of the jury process as well as information about places to visit while in the city.
"We want to open their eyes to the many things that the city of Joliet has to offer," said Rebecca Lantka, the city's marketing director.
Menus from nearby restaurants, train schedules and other information will be available in the jurors' room, said Kurt Sangmeister, Will County court administrator. He said he is unaware of any other courthouses that have used similar videos.
"We're trying to make our jurors as comfortable as possible," he said.


It is with regret that we have had to cancel the school pantomime due to a number of technical issues. The cast and their parents/carers have all been informed.
Full refunds will be available at the school Reception on presentation of a valid ticket.
Please accept our apologies for the disappointment and inconvenience this decision might cause.
Please contact Mr Crofts on 01964 613133 if you wish to discuss this further.


text:
Q: IllegalArgumentException: offset may not be above 1000 in GAE I have this simple ednpoint method:
@ApiMethod(name = "createCategory")
public RCategory createCategory(@Named("userHash")String userHash, @Nullable @Named("synchronously")Boolean synchronously, Category category) throws AccessForbiddenException, DuplicateEntityNameException, SubscriptionRequiredException {
    User user = OwlEndpoint.getUser(userHash);
    if (!user.hasSubscriptionActive()) throw new SubscriptionRequiredException();

    //Sprawdzam czy w profilu uzytkownika jest wiecej niz on sam (o ile w ogole ma profil)
    List<Long> usersInProfileIds = getUsersInProfilesIds(user);

    if (ofy().load().type(Category.class).filter("creatorId in", usersInProfileIds).filter("name", category.getName()).count() > 0) throw new DuplicateEntityNameException();
    category.setCreatorId(user.getId());

    if (synchronously != null && synchronously) ofy().save().entity(category).now();
    else ofy().save().entity(category);

    return new RCategory(category, user.getId());
}

It works just fine on the DEV server, but after uploading to GAE it started to fail. I found this in the logs, but that doesn't make sense to me:
    Request URL: https://myapp.appspot.com/_ah/api/owlendpoint/v1/createCategory/0A71A4A761C2B0C49BE3CE4ED19E78E93911DAE1E53732BE5635B29F923DBBFD5C54DEBE7F80831364D8255861D46878ADB657D0DDA95EEAF19956A6C5967CADF903543D1DA577677FEAEC70F0019B055C4CBA168A4A188D41393A9BF08834A92F8BB13D5E03F7F901C1281878BE8B79
    Method: myappendpoint.createCategory
    Error Code: 400
    Reason: badRequest
    Message: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: offset may not be above 1000

A: I made this method:
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
public static boolean hasItems(Query query) {
    Iterator it = query.iterator();
    return it.hasNext();
}

I'm using it to define, if there is at least one element on the query without using count(). Still would like to know how can I use count() and how can not...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The list contains the best, new and most relevant humanity movies ordered by relevance. The recommendation service has sorted out serious, stylized, suspenseful, bad ending, interesting and suspense films and TV shows about / with humanity, catastrophe, dialogue, mentor, storytelling, first contact, destiny, survival, technology and chase plots mostly in Sci-Fi, Drama and Thriller genres shot in USA, Canada, Australia and other countries.
TOP 10 movies tagged as humanity: The Giver (2014), The 5th Wave (2016), Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011), Contagion (2011), Surrogates (2009), Interstellar (2014), Lucy (2014), The Host (2013), Carriers (2009), Twelve Monkeys (1995).
Story: As an epidemic of a lethal airborne virus - that kills within days - rapidly grows, the worldwide medical community races to find a cure and control the panic that spreads faster than the virus itself.
Story: After a zombie becomes involved with the girlfriend of one of his victims, their romance sets in motion a sequence of events that might transform the entire lifeless world.
Story: And suddenly, overnight, the world came to a halt. Two men, two survivors, one kid, and hatred that separates them. A place forgotten by everyone, including the creatures that inhabit the Earth... until now.
Story: Juliette, a lone survivor of an apocalyptic era, fights to survive against hunger, thirst, a broken leg and strange disturbing creatures that only comes out at nighttime.


text:
Bears will have a tryout for former AAF kickers Wednesday at Halas Hall
By Brad Biggs
The premature demise of the Alliance of American Football has given the Bears a chance to look at possibilities for their kicking competition earlier than expected.
Multiple sources told the Tribune the Bears will host Younghoe Koo and Nick Rose in a tryout Wednesday at Halas Hall. It's believed they might bring in at least one additional kicker that day.
The Bears have two kickers under contract, and neither Chris Blewitt nor Redford Jones has NFL experience. Koo and Rose have both kicked in the NFL and were two of the best in the short-lived AAF season.
Koo, 24, spent four games with the Chargers in 2017, when he made 3 of 6 field-goal attempts and 9 of 9 extra points. The Georgia Southern alumnus hit eight of his 14 kickoffs for touchbacks.
Koo was 14 of 14 on field goals for the Atlanta Legends in the AAF with a long of 38 yards.
Rose, 24, spent two games with the Chargers in 2017 and eight games with the Redskins that season. He was 11 of 14 on field goals with a long of 55 and made 23 of 26 extra points. The Texas alumnus hit 32 of his 47 kickoffs for touchbacks.
Rose was also 14 of 14 on field goals for the San Antonio Commanders in the AAF with a long of 54 and another from 50 yards.
Koo and Rose will try out Tuesday for the Vikings, who have one kicker on their roster, veteran Dan Bailey. He was re-signed to a one-year, $1 million contract this offseason that includes $250,000 guaranteed, so it's possible the Vikings will challenge him by signing another kicker.
It would not be surprising if the Bears also look at AAF kicker Elliott Fry. He was 14 of 14 on field goals for the Orlando Apollos with a long of 47. Fry, who kicked in college at South Carolina, has not been on an NFL roster. He had a tryout with the Buccaneers in 2017.
Bears general manager Ryan Pace said the team is keeping all options open in the competition this spring and summer to replace Cody Parkey.
"Right now we're all just very open-minded," Pace said last month at the NFL owners meeting. "So we have two kickers on the roster now, and we're open to continue to add competition to the position — and the keyword is 'competition' at that spot. And doing creative things to make them feel that pressure and that competition.
"The more we study it and the more we look at kickers around the league — we can talk about (Saints kicker Will) Lutz or (Ravens kicker Justin) Tucker and all these guys — you look at how they came into the league and where they came from, there's so many different angles and avenues how they came and became good kickers. So we're very open right now in increasing competition there."
Maybe the new angle is finding a kicker from the AAF to add to the mix.
bmbiggs@chicagotribune.com
Twitter @BradBiggs
Brad Biggs' NFL mock draft 1.0: Where is Kyler Murray going? »
Bears Q&A: What's the over/under for Mike Davis' yards from scrimmage? Will the Bears trade up to draft a running back? »
Long snapper Patrick Scales is back on a 1-year deal, just in time for the Bears' kicking competition »
Ryan Pace


text:
The 'Breaking Bad' Writers Had a Terrible First Pitch for [SPOILER]'s Death
Kevin Fitzpatrick Published: January 18, 2018
It's hard to believe Breaking Bad is ten years in our rear-view, but harder to imagine the roads not taken. One of the AMC drama's most heartbreaking deaths almost arrived a full two seasons early, as creator Vince Gilligan reveals some of the writers' worst pitches.
You're warned of full Breaking Bad spoilers from here on out (considering its 10th anniversary, get on that), but it seemed almost inevitable certain characters would die by the time Walter White got his comeuppance. Chief among them was Dean Norris' ASAC Hank Schrader, who met a bitter end before Walt's eyes in the antepenultimate Season 5 episode, "Ozymandias." Creator Vince Gilligan has repeatedly spoken to the difficulty of breaking the final season (especially the machine gun promised in its first hour), but it seems Hank's death almost arrived much earlier.
In a new interview with UPROXX, Gilligan revealed that the writers briefly considered a Season 3 death at Walt's hand as a means to resolve the "Sunset" RV standoff between Jesse, Hank and Walt. Suffice to say, Walt killing Hank wasn't the only terrible idea:
Another one that pops into my head is Walt and Jesse stuck in the RV in the junkyard with Hank circling the RV like a shark and knowing that Jesse was inside, but not knowing that Walt was inside. That was a big one. And when you think about it, that's the genius of Walter White: he figures out answers to problems that in real life, it took eight fairly smart people probably a week and a half to two weeks to figure out.
In other words, we get him to that point and Hank is outside and Hank is relentless, as we know him to be. How in the world is Walt gonna get out of this? And every conceivable thought under the sun comes up, no matter how stupid. We're talking at one point about, well, they cut a hole in the bottom of the RV and then the dig a tunnel. Asinine.
And then the very obvious but horrible thoughts pop into your head too, like well, 'What if Walt opens the door and Hank looks at Walt and Hank is dumbfounded and there's this huge moment, this huge pregnant pause and then, in that moment of dumbfoundedness on Hank's part, Walt shoots him in the head and kills him?' It's just every idea under the sun comes into play.
As fans will remember, the standoff instead ended with Walt and Jesse having Saul mislead Hank into believing Marie was hurt, and driving off. Had Gilligan and the staff gone through with their initial idea to kill Hank then and there, it would also have deprived us of the infamous "One Minute" shootout between Hank and the cousins in the next episode.
Sad though Hank's ultimate fate might have been, there's every chance we'll see the character again in Better Call Saul regardless. What other options might Breaking Bad have considered for Hank's end?
Check Out 100 More TV Facts You May Not Know!
'Breaking Bad' House Adds Iron Fence to Keep Out Overzealous Fans
Source: The 'Breaking Bad' Writers Had a Terrible First Pitch for [SPOILER]'s Death


For Bookmark, ArtAsiaPacific invites an artist to spotlight some of their online sources of inspiration. This week we asked Jaffa Lam.
Jaffa Lam, known for her conceptual community projects, first became interested in a socially responsible art form during her solo exhibition at Shatin Town Hall in 2003, at the time of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong. The four wooden sculptures on display were created in response to frightened radio dialogue between community members. Subsequent works, shown in exhibitions including the tributary "Looking for Antonio Mak" (2008) and the 2010 Hong Kong Art Biennial, have sought to create opportunities for community engagement. A profile of the artist can be found in ArtAsiaPacific issue 75.
In this Japanese video, I learned a simple physics theory that can be applied to daily life: how to make a plastic sheet resistant to wind.
Searching admired artists is another reason I go online. I was increadibly impressed by this video, which documents a more than 30-year-long project by one of my favourite sculptors, David Nash. I don't know how he made this decision in 1977. There's no need to read the text or artist's statement. Just look at the video. I keep asking myself, will I be able to believe in one single thing when there's so many "new" things coming up to distract my resolve?
I'm also a teacher, so I ask myself how do I teach art? Antony Gormley is a man I admire for his sculpture as well as for his attitude towards art education. His studio is his school too. My favourite part of this website are the pictures of Gormley's studio showing his students and assistant. I also like to see how Gormley arranges his works-in-progress in the studio (e.g. pic103). It's like a snapshot of his thought process in that moment.
There are different techniques you could learn from the Cool Science Experiment. I always look for experiments related to air.
The main object shown in the mass media of this couple's half century love story is the staircase the man carved, but I also treasure the installation of the simple house. The 6000 steps are hand carved, and the water container outside the house is also hand carved by the man, very simple and naturally generated from his spiritual love. I always ask myself whether or not I am still making something I feel is necessary. I try not to generate too much trash, to treasure what I have now, and make only whatever is necessary physically or spiritually.
The last one I would like to share is this powerful image by Richard Mosse, at least from my perspective. I can't forget this photograph since the first time I saw it around two years ago in an e-magazine sent to me by chance. There are wooden partitions erected in a palace with camouflaged army cloth hanging over gaps in the makeshift walls. No guns are firing. We see no dead people. No one is crying; but upon seeing this, I was so utterly sad. If we need to produce something in art, it's better that it be this sort of (in the very spiritual sense) "functional" work.


"The Conduit's Garden" by Alexander Ximon Guerra, John Perry Nelson et al.
This report summarizes the development process of the Interactive Media and Game Development and Computer Science Major Qualifying Project titled The Conduit's Garden. This game was completed over a three month period at the Osaka University Toyonaka Campus in Osaka, Japan. The Conduit's Garden is a fourth- dimensional Japanese gardening game developed in Unity3D to work with the HTC Vive virtual reality platform. Players are given the role of a Shinto spiritual conduit tasked with caring for the bonsai trees, Koi ponds, and gravel pits in a fourth-dimensional Japanese garden to appease local nature spirits. This report details the designs, implementations and playtesting that went into developing this game as well as aspirations for future development.


text:
Ládbesenyő község Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén vármegyében, az Edelényi járásban.

Fekvése
Edelénytől 5 kilométerre, a megyeszékhely Miskolctól közúton 26 kilométerre északra helyezkedik el. Különálló településrésze Andrástanya, mely az északi határszéle közelében található.

A közvetlenül határos települések: észak felől Abod (8 km), kelet felől Lak, dél felől Balajt (kb. 8 km), nyugat felől pedig Szendrőlád (kb. 3 km); a legközelebbi város Edelény.

Megközelítése
Csak közúton közelíthető meg, Edelény vagy Abod érintésével, a 2615-ös úton, ugyanezen érhető el Andrástanya is. Szendrőláddal földutak kapcsolják össze.

Története
Ládbesenyő nevét 1291-ben említette először oklevél Besenew, 1332-ben Bessemi, Beschenev néven, mikor Besenyei Sándor fiait mint a Miskolc nemzetség tagjait sorolták fel.

1293-ban Besenyei Dénes fiait említette egy oklevél, akik elfoglalták Császtát.

1332-ben Mindenszentekről elnevezett egyházát is említették. A pápai tizedjegyzék szerint papja ekkor 6 garas pápai tizedet fizetett.

1910-ben 463 magyar lakosa volt. Ebből 173 római katolikus, 97 görögkatolikus, 178 református volt.

A 20. század elején Borsod vármegye Edelényi járásához tartozott.

1969 és 1983 között Edelény társközsége volt, majd a következő tíz évben a városhoz volt csatolva, csak 1993 óta önálló ismét.

Közélete

Polgármesterei
 1993–1994:
 1994–1998: Horváth Gyula (független)
 1998–2002: Tóth Gellért (független)
 2002–2006: Tóth Gellért (független)
 2006–2010: Horváth Róbert (független)
 2010–2012: Horváth Róbert (független)
 2012–2014: Fedor Attila (független)
 2014–2019: Győrfi Gábor (független)
 2019-től: Győrfi Gábor (független)

A településen 2012. május 20-án időközi polgármester-választást (és képviselő-testületi választást) tartottak, az előző képviselő-testület önfeloszlatása miatt. A választáson a hivatalban lévő polgármester nem indult el.

Népesség
A település népességének változása:

2001-ben a település lakosságának 83%-a magyar, 12%-a lengyel, 5%-a cigány nemzetiségűnek vallotta magát.

A 2011-es népszámlálás során a lakosok 96,1%-a magyarnak, 4,6% cigánynak, 17,1% lengyelnek mondta magát (3,9% nem nyilatkozott; a kettős identitások miatt a végösszeg nagyobb lehet 100%-nál). A vallási megoszlás a következő volt: római katolikus 40%, református 33,6%, görögkatolikus 7,5%, evangélikus 0,4%, felekezeten kívüli 7,5% (11,1% nem válaszolt).

Látnivalók

Ládbesenyő-Andrástanyán található a Derenk Emlékház, a magyarországi lengyelség fontos emlékhelye, amelyet a Lengyel Múzeum 2003. október 12-én nyitott meg.

Források
 Györffy György: Borsodvármegye

Jegyzetek

További információk

Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megye települései
Borsod vármegye települései

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


#Day15 #April15 Long distance Great view...View to the ocean from a some high altitude.
#sweat #kiillinit #aways #megalife #music #week #April15 -19 #incredible LIFE GOOD! #workhard #goodthings #dont #brag #proof is in the REAL! Damn I'm lucky!!


text:
Q: Property or Data Trigger in WPF Path object I have a TextBlock and two path objects (Up arrow & Down arrow) in a Stack Panel. The TextBlock is bound to a Property called 'Change', which possibly can have values such as -1,0,1.
Problem
I wanted to show Up arrow in case of 1 OR Down arrow in case of -1 OR show neither of these Path object in case of 0.
In order to achieve this, I defined a Style Trigger on Path type.
Question
I am not able to get it work. Am i missing something or is there better way of doing this.
XAML
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
    <TextBlock Name="changeLbl" Margin="0,0,10,0" Text="{Binding Path=Change}"/>
         <Path Fill="{Binding ElementName=changeLbl,Path=Foreground}" Style="{StaticResource downChangePathTrigger}"/>
                <Path Fill="{Binding ElementName=changeLbl,Path=Foreground}" Style="{StaticResource upChangePathTrigger}"/>
                </StackPanel>

Style resource
<Style x:Key="upChangePathTrigger" TargetType="Path">
            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" />
            <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center" />
            <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center" />
            <Setter Property="Data" Value="M 0 4 L 4 0 L 8 4 Z" />
            <Setter Property="StrokeThickness" Value="5" />
            <Setter Property="Stroke" Value="GreenYellow"/>
            <Style.Triggers>
                <Trigger Property="Fill" Value="GreenYellow">
                    <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/>
                </Trigger>
                </Style.Triggers>
        </Style>
        <Style x:Key="downChangePathTrigger" TargetType="Path">
            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" />
            <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center" />
            <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center" />
            <Setter Property="Data" Value="M 0 0 L 4 4 L 8 0 Z" />
            <Setter Property="StrokeThickness" Value="5" />
            <Setter Property="Stroke" Value="Red"/>
            <Style.Triggers>
                <Trigger Property="Fill" Value="Red">
                    <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/>
                </Trigger>
            </Style.Triggers>
        </Style>

Update with answer
Style trigger
<Style x:Key="changePathTrigger" TargetType="Path">
            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden" />
            <Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center" />
            <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center" />
            <Setter Property="StrokeThickness" Value="5" />
            <Style.Triggers>
                <!--<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding Path=Change,Converter={StaticResource doubleToIntConverter}}" Value="0">
                    <Setter Property="Stroke" Value="0"/>
                </DataTrigger>-->
                <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding Path=Change,Converter={StaticResource doubleToIntConverter}}" Value="1">
                    <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/>
                    <Setter Property="Data" Value="M 0 4 L 4 0 L 8 4 Z"/>
                    </DataTrigger>
                <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding Path=Change,Converter={StaticResource doubleToIntConverter}}" Value="-1">
                    <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/>
                    <Setter Property="Data" Value="M 0 0 L 4 4 L 8 0 Z"/>
                    </DataTrigger>
            </Style.Triggers>
        </Style>

Xaml
<Path Fill="{Binding ElementName=changeLbl,Path=Foreground}" Stroke="{Binding ElementName=changeLbl,Path=Foreground}" Style="{StaticResource changePathTrigger}"/>

A: It is a strange construction (trigger Path.Visibility with Path.Fill color which is bound to TextBlock.Foreground) but it will work with
<TextBlock Name="changeLbl" Margin="0,0,10,0" Text="{Binding Path=Change}">
    <TextBlock.Style>
        <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
            <Style.Triggers>
                <Trigger Property="Text" Value="1">
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="GreenYellow" />
                </Trigger>
                <Trigger Property="Text" Value="-1">
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Red" />
                </Trigger>
            </Style.Triggers>
        </Style>
    </TextBlock.Style>
</TextBlock>

But I think you should reduce the dependencies e.g. replace Trigger in path style with a DataTrigger to depend from property 'Change' directly. Then for example you can change your Path or TextBlock colors and Visibility is still working.
<Style x:Key="upChangePathTrigger" TargetType="Path">
    ...
    <Style.Triggers>
        <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding Path=Change}" Value="1">
            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/>
        </DataTrigger>
    </Style.Triggers>
</Style>


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>LayoutTreeFuture</title>
<meta name="date" content="2022-10-27">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../stylesheet.css" title="Style">

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com.facebook.litho

Class LayoutTreeFuture

java.lang.Object

com.facebook.litho.TreeFuture<LayoutState>

com.facebook.litho.LayoutTreeFuture

public class LayoutTreeFuture
extends TreeFuture<LayoutState>

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class com.facebook.litho.TreeFuture

mFutureTask, mMoveOperationsBetweenThreads, mRunningThreadId

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description

LayoutTreeFuture(LithoResolutionResult lithoResolutionResult,
                ComponentContext componentContext,
                Component component,
                LayoutState currentLayoutState,
                DiffNode diffTreeRoot,
                PerfEvent logLayoutStatePerfEvent,
                int widthSpec,
                int heightSpec,
                int componentTreeId,
                int layoutVersion)

Method Summary

All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

protected LayoutState
calculate()

Calculates a new result for this TreeFuture.

boolean
isEquivalentTo(TreeFuture that)

Returns true if the provided TreeFuture is equivalent to this one.

protected LayoutState
resumeCalculation(LayoutState partialResult)

Resumes an interrupted calculation based on a partial result

Methods inherited from class com.facebook.litho.TreeFuture

addSystraceArgs, getWaitingCount, onGetEnd, onGetStart, onWaitEnd, onWaitStart

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

LayoutTreeFuture

public LayoutTreeFuture(LithoResolutionResult lithoResolutionResult,
                        ComponentContext componentContext,
                        Component component,
                        LayoutState currentLayoutState,
                        DiffNode diffTreeRoot,
                        PerfEvent logLayoutStatePerfEvent,
                        int widthSpec,
                        int heightSpec,
                        int componentTreeId,
                        int layoutVersion)

Method Detail

calculate

protected LayoutState calculate()

Description copied from class: TreeFuture

Calculates a new result for this TreeFuture.

Specified by:

calculate in class TreeFuture<LayoutState>

resumeCalculation

protected LayoutState resumeCalculation(LayoutState partialResult)

Description copied from class: TreeFuture

Resumes an interrupted calculation based on a partial result

Specified by:

resumeCalculation in class TreeFuture<LayoutState>

isEquivalentTo

public boolean isEquivalentTo(TreeFuture that)

Description copied from class: TreeFuture

Returns true if the provided TreeFuture is equivalent to this one.

Specified by:

isEquivalentTo in class TreeFuture<LayoutState>

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


G Steel's plant is currently the most advanced among similar plants worldwide. The plant's layout, generally termed as "Compact" or "Mini" mill, comprises 3 basic production process of steel making, continuous slab casting and hot rolling, integrated into a close-coupled production line.
The first step of the process is to melt a variety of scraps and other bearing materials like pig iron with additives to produce clean steel. This process is carried out in two sturdy and robust, fast working Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) supplied by Mannesmann Demag Huttentechnik, Germany and equipped with oxygen fuel burners, carbon injection system, etc. The steel is further refined and its chemistry fine-tuned to customers requirement at two Ladle Heating Furnaces (LHF).
In the second step, the clean, refined and graded steel in liquid form is then fed to medium thickness continuous slab caster. The slab casting technology is supplied by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Japan. This latest technology combines the advantages of conventional slab process in terms of quality and production cost advantage of thin slab casters. The caster has the state of the art features like liquid core reduction, start-stop sequence, mould level control, and breakout prediction module which allows G Steel to simplify the range of operator tasks of this complex process.
In the last step of production process, the slab from caster is fed through a tunnel furnace which maintains the slabs at required rolling temperature, to a continuous rolling mill. The mill is supplied by world leader Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and consists of two roughing stands, mandrels, coilbox and six finishing stand. The coilbox installed between roughing and finishing mill optimized the space requirement and improves the transfer temperature thereby reducing the power requirements. Other features include crown and shape control technologies, latest gauges as well as on roll grinding.


text:
Methacton Mennonite Church
Prayer & Spiritual Formation
In 1739 the land was deeded to the Dutch Anabaptist Society for 5 shillings and thus begins the written record of the Methacton Mennonite Church. The first Meetinghouse was built prior to 1771, although the exact date is unknown. A second Meetinghouse was erected of stone in 1805 and used as a community school and place of worship. The third and present Meetinghouse was erected in 1873.
As Mennonite families moved further north towards Souderton/Franconia in the following centuries, Methacton Church began to be on the fringes of the larger Mennonite community rather than centrally located.
This is its gift and its challenge. This church has always needed to draw people from the local community, from the Worcester/Collegeville area, to enable it to exist. It cannot exist on the constituency of "ethnic Mennonites" because there are none in the area. After being down to one member in 1943, a large Summer Bible School program was begun in the 1940's and 50's with the help of several families from the Plains Congregation. Thus began a new era in the church's existence. Through this vigorous Summer Bible School outreach in the 50's and through the preschool (begun in 1958), community people were drawn into the church and preschool ministry.
Methacton has never been one of the large Mennonite churches. It has never been a church that could continue to exist on its past, or its own strength of numbers. It has to exist because of a mission purpose. It has always had to focus on outreach and on God's purpose for being here.
Methacton Today
We appreciate the help Methacton got from Plains in the 50's. Today, we seek to be a blessing to our local community of Worcester/ Norristown, and the broader community. Our congregants come from Norristown and Bridgeport, Royersford and Collegeville, Glenside, Green Lane and East Greenville, Skippack and Souderton, Lansdale and Lansdowne, and Pottstown. Our dream is to be a center of community building and blessing for our neighbors and the wider community as a witness to our Risen Lord.
We have a diverse membership representing various ethnic, racial and religious backgrounds. The common bond is a faith committed to a disciplined life which is both meaningful and evident in daily living.
METHACTON OAK
According to the Book " A History of Worcester Township" 1976, on page 333, it states: "Among the very old oak trees in Montgomery County is the Methacton Oak, also referred to as the Charter Oak. Connected with Methacton Mennonite Church is a tradition that Revolutionary soldiers who died in the church building when it served as a hospital after the battle of Germantown, were buried, not in the Church burial grounds, but just outside the western wall, under a huge oak tree still standing there".
According to the dates in the Worcester book plus the years since the printing, the tree likely began its life around the year 1634. To put that in perspective, William Penn was born in 1644 and George Washington was born in 1732.
Sadly, on July 24, 2017, at approximately 381 years of age, our beloved Oak succumbed to the realities of nature and toppled to the ground. It is hard to grasp the span of events that took place under and around those beautiful branches during the course of those years!
With support from the Worcester Historical Society, a special event was held on Sunday, November 5, 2017 to commemorate the tree and the gifts it has given to so many.
"Remembering and Celebrating the Methacton Oak" included:
Worship in the historic Methacton Mennonite Meetinghouse, bringing our hats to hang on the original hat racks.
Sharing and Storytelling: Sharing stories, poems, paintings, and items loving formed from wood of the Oak
Soup, bread, and oak leaf and acorn shaped cookies served
Cemetery tours and family activity stations
Planting a 6 year old sapling from the Methacton Mother Oak and another larger White Oak beside it.
Mugs with an image of the Oak and it's dates were made available, as well as acorn shaped ornaments, turned from the wood of the fallen oak by Ray Cooper, and cards and prints of the Methacton Oak painted by a local artist, Suzanne Rotundo. Some items remain available through the church office and Worcester Historical Society


Are you looking for business that offers top-quality roller garage doors for your property? Then contact our team at Albion Industrial Doors Ltd today. We offer a range of services to our customers across the UK. We can ensure that we can customise our doors according to your requirements. For more information, feel free to contact our team today.
At Albion Industrial Doors Ltd, we offer doors that are made of the materials, colour, finish and style that will complement your property and we will ensure that the doors that you choose are customised according to your requirements at affordable prices. Feel free to contact our team today.
Albion Industrial Doors Ltd offers top-quality roller garage doors that provide extra security and maintenace free service for your property. We can ensure that the doors that you install for your property will last long and will secure your home or business the way you want it to be. For more information, feel free to contact our team today.


Ok who doesn't just love an octopus! This stamp is adorable and it makes a lovely card. The stamp lends its self to be colored bright colors of the ocean so your cards can be subtle or vibrant.
He is too much fun for a birthday card!


text:
ENG 456 Shakespeare (Dr. Cyndia Clegg)
Library and online resources for your study of Shakespeare
Shakespeare Criticism
Reference Materials for Student Projects and Papers
"Soul of the Age! The applause! Delight! The Wonder of our Stage"
"He was not of an age but for all times."
Ben Jonson, Dedicatory Poem for the first edition of Shakespeare's plays (1623)
This is quite a tribute for a playwright who began his London career as a mere actor and whose earliest printed plays did not acknowledge him as their author. Recently the critic James Pearce praised Shakespeare as writing with "unsurpassed beauty about things that unite humanity across all ages and cultures." We will seek to discover the culture (historic, religious, literary) that enabled Shakespeare to garner Jonson's praise in his own time, and we will test Pearce's assertions with our reading of and research into Shakespeare's plays and sonnets.
Shakespeare's Texts Online
Folger Digital Texts
High-quality digital texts from the Folger Shakespeare Library editions, completed in 2010 by editors Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine plus sophisticated coding that works behind the scenes to make the plays easy to read, search, and index
Complete Works of William Shakespeare
The Web's first edition of the Complete Works of William Shakespeare. This site has offered Shakespeare's plays and poetry to the Internet community since 1993.
Shakespeare Online: Sonnets
Full-text of the sonnets and analysis by Amanda Mabillard
Shakespeare in Quarto (British Library)
Twenty-one of Shakespeare's plays were published in quarto before 1642. They appeared in more than 70 quarto editions, all of which can be seen on this site.
The First Folio (Folger Shakespeare Library)
The First Folio of Shakespeare, published in 1623, is an extraordinary book. About half of Shakespeare's plays had never previously appeared in print, including As You Like It, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, The Tempest, and many more. Without the First Folio, 18 plays might have been lost forever.
Watch Plays Online
Digital Theatre Plus
Digital Theatre Plus brings live performance into the classroom, accompanied by a range of educational resources for illustration, explanation, and critical reflection. Includes several theatre resources, including over 200 productions, 18 master classes, 27 documentaries, 260 interviews and 62 practical guides.
National Theatre Collection
The National Theatre Collection brings the stage to life through access to streaming video of world-class productions and unique archival material offering insight into theatre and performance studies. Through a collaboration with the U.K.'s National Theatre, this collection offers a range of digital performance resources never previously seen outside of the National Theatre's archive.
The Sonnet Project
The Sonnet Project is a massive multimedia exploration of Shakespeare's great poems. We are creating 154 short films, one for each sonnet. Each video stars a different actor and is filmed at a different iconic or historic location in NYC.
Next: Primary Sources >>
URL: https://infoguides.pepperdine.edu/ENG456Shakespeare
Subjects: English Literature, Literature
Tags: british literature, english literature, english_literature


text:
Q: What class is loaded when creating a thread with a lambda expression? public class Demo {
    public Demo() {
        long start = System.nanoTime();
        new Thread(() ->{});
        System.out.println(System.nanoTime()-start);

        start = System.nanoTime();
        new Thread(() ->{});
        System.out.println(System.nanoTime()-start);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        new Demo();
    }
}

output:
    35911135
    245483

Can someone explain to me what's going on behind the scenes of new Thread(() ->{});? I would like for both of these to execute at the same speed and have tried loading the Runnable class into memory in my main method with no results.
Why is the first execution slower than the second?
bonus question (answer only if there's an immediately apparant explanation):
When these exact lines are run as part of my larger code base, my average execution time is approx. 60 ms, as opposed to the above demonstrated 35ms. Why might this be?


text:
Q: About one inequalitie with norm Looking for a problem, I find one inequality difficult to proove. I first present the data of my problem as follows:
For all subgroup $G$  of $(\Bbb C,+)$, we define:$$\delta(G)=\inf\limits_{g \in G, g \neq  0} |g|$$
For all $\Bbb R-$linear map $f$ from $\Bbb C$ to $\Bbb C$ as $\Bbb R-$ vectorial space, we define: $$\|f\|=\sup\limits_{z\in \Bbb C, z \neq 0} \frac{|f(z)|}{|z|}$$
Let $G$ be a subgroup of $(\Bbb C,+)$ such that there exists $(e_1,e_2) \in G^2$ s.t. $(e_1,e_2)$ is a basis of the $\Bbb R$ vectorial space $\Bbb C$. Let $\phi$ the linear map from $\Bbb C$ to $\Bbb C$ s.t. , for $z=x+yi$ where $(x,y) \in \Bbb R^2$ we have $\phi(z)=xe_1+ye_2$.
1) Prove that $\Bbb Z^2  \subset H$.
2) Prove that  $$\delta(H)\cdot\|\phi^{-1}\| \leq \delta(G) \leq \delta (H). \|\phi\|.$$
I answered all  questions except the inequality $$\delta(H)\cdot\|\phi^{-1}\| \leq \delta(G)$$
about which I need   your help.
Thank you very much in advance.


How would you tweak the weapons? Post it here.
My Feedback, Smoke trails, flamethrower, Dodge tap interval.
Is it me or has the player count dropped significantly..
My opinions on the beta.
Disappearing Rockets and Rocket Camping.