text:
Vindolandské tabulky byly v době svého objevu nejstaršími dochovanými rukou psanými dokumenty v Británii (nyní je ve stáří překonaly tabulky nalezené na místě budoucího sídla finanční společnosti Bloomberg v londýnské City). Jde o bohatý zdroj informací o životě na severní hranici římské Británie v poměrně krátkém časovém období.

Texty jsou na tenkých tabulkách o velikosti pohlednice, psané inkoustem na bázi uhlíku. Časově jsou tabulky řazeny do 1. a 2. století našeho letopočtu (jsou tedy přibližně stejně staré jako Hadriánův val).

Ačkoli podobné záznamy na papyru už byly známé z jiných oblastí Římské říše, dřevěné tabulky s textem psaným inkoustem byly v severní Anglii objeveny až v roce 1973, kdy je archeolog Robin Birley nad podnět studenta Keitha Liddella našel v římské pevnosti Vindolanda.

Na tabulkách jsou zaznamenány jak úřední vojenské záležitosti, tak osobní zprávy, které posílali nebo dostávali členové vindolanské posádky, jejich rodiny i otroci. K tabulkám úředním se pořizovaly až tři kopie.Tabulky také obsahují zmínky o technických problémech, které tehdy museli pisatelé řešit.

Texty na tabulkách jsou především dopisy, které rozebírají například záležitosti rodinné i jiné aktuální věci, které bylo nutné písemně zařídit, obřady, posílají zprávy přátelům. Protože jsou v nich zmiňovány takové věci každodenního života jako potraviny, oděvy či nástroje, texty představují bohatý zdroj informací o životě té doby, zmíněných lidech, vztazích mezi nimi i o místech, včetně jejich jmen. V neposlední řadě obsahují latinské vojenské termíny.

Objevené tabulky se téměř všechny nacházejí v Britském muzeu, ale byla učiněna opatření, aby některé byly vystaveny v pevnosti Vindolanda. Byly přepsány a do angličtiny přeloženy texty 752 tabulek a začaly se publikovat v roce 2010. Další tabulky se v pevnosti Vindolanda nacházely i později.

Popis
Dřevěné tabulky z pevnosti Vindolanda byly první dochované příklady dopisů psaných inkoustem v době římské. Existují záznamy o tom, že tabulky, na něž se psalo inkoustem, se v tehdejších dobách používaly, například Herodianos ve 3. století psal o tabulce na psaní vyrobené z lipového dřeva tak, že ho rozřezali na tenké destičky, ty se pak složily textem k sobě a svázaly; za tím účelem v nich byly předem připraveny otvory.

Dřevo
Vindolandské tabulky jsou ze dřeva břízy, olše a dubu, tedy stromů, které rostly v okolí nálezu. U jiného typu psacích tabulek používaných v římské Británii, těch, na nichž se při psaní používal stylus, dřevo pocházelo odjinud a do Británie se dovážely hotové.

Vindolandské tabulky jsou "silné" 0,25 až 3 mm. Typická velikost je 20 cm krát 8 cm, tedy odpovídá rozměrům velké moderní pohlednice. Uprostřed měly rýhu, aby je šlo složit, případně svázat jich několik k sobě a vytvořit delší text připomínající leporelo. Na jednu tabulku mnoho slov nevešlo, bylo možné napsat jen přibližně 16 řádků.

Časové zařazení
V pevnosti Vindolanda sídlila vojenská posádka ještě dřív, než byl postaven Hadriánův val; většina tabulek je nepatrně starších než tento val, jehož výstavba byla zahájena v roce 122.
Robin Birley, který vedl první archeologický výzkum, rozlišil pět období, v nichž pevnost byla osídlena nebo kdy byla rozšiřována:
 zhruba mezi lety 85 až 92 byla postavena první pevnost.
 zhruba mezi lety 92 až 97 byla rozšířena poprvé.
 zhruba mezi lety 97 až 103 došlo k jejímu dalšímu rozšíření.
 zhruba mezi lety 104 až 120 byla opuštěna a potom znovu obsazena.
 zhruba mezi lety 120 až 130 se stavěl Hadriánův val

Tabulky byly vyrobeny v druhém a třetím období, tedy mezi léty 92 až 103, přičemž většina nápisů vznikla před rokem 102.

Bývají též řazeny do období od pozdních 80. let až do roku 105 našeho letopočtu, kdy byla pevnost obsazena I. kohortou Tungrorum a IX. kohortou Batavorum.

Obsah tabulek s příklady
Používaly se pro oficiální záznamy o vojenských záležitostech v pevnosti i o osobních záležitostech důstojníků a domácností. Největší skupinu tvoří právě korespondence prefekta IX. kohorty Batavů, jímž byl Flavius Cerialis, a jeho manželky, která se jmenovala Sulpicia Lepidina. Některé texty se týkají snad také civilních obchodníků a dodavatelů; například na tabulku číslo 343 psal Octavius svému bratrovi o rozjednaném obchodě. Varuje ho, že aby neplatil vysokou cenu za kožené oblečení, které jistý obchodník lacino nakoupil.
Zda byl Octavius civilní osobou, nelze z textu poznat.

Vybrané tabulky

Z mnoha textů jsou pro představu o každodenním životě pozoruhodné zejména dopisy. Například dekurion jízdy Masculus napsal dopis prefektovi, který se jmenoval Flavius Cerialis, v němž se dotazoval, jaké pokyny přesně má dát svým mužům příští den, a také zdvořile žádal, aby posádce poslali další zásilku piva, protože jeho zásobu už zcela spotřebovali. Dokumenty také poskytují informace o různých úlohách, které vykonávali muži v pevnosti, jako je například správce lázní, ševci, stavební dělníci, lékaři, opraváři vozů a pecí a omítkáři.

Pozvánka

Snad nejznámější je výše zmíněná tabulka č. 291, kterou okolo roku 100 napsala Claudia Severa, manželka velitele blízké pevnosti. Sulpicia Lepidina je zde pozvána na narozeninovou party. Toto pozvání patří k nejstarším známým případům, kdy latinsky psala žena.
Na této tabulce lze rozlišit dva rukopisy, přičemž většina textu je psaná rukou profesionála (pravděpodobně domácího písaře), ale závěrečnou část s pozdravy připsala Claudia Severa sama (v pravé dolní části tabulky).

Tabulky jsou napsané římským psacím písmem a zpřesňují naši představu o rozsahu gramotnosti v římské Británii.
Jiná z tabulek zase potvrzuje, že římští vojáci nosili spodní prádlo (subligaria), a zároveň je svědectvím o vysokém stupni gramotnosti v římské armádě.

Zmínky o původním obyvatelstvu
Zmínek o původním obyvatelstvu, keltských Britech, je velmi málo. Dokud nebyly tabulky objeveny, historikové mohli jen spekulovat o tom, zda Římané měli pro Brity přezdívku. Brittunculi (zdrobnělina k Britto, s významem 'Britíci'), nalezená na jedné z vindolandských tabulek, je, jak nyní už víme, hanlivým výrazem, jímž vojáci z římských pevností v severní Británii označovali místní obyvatelstvo. Pravděpodobně se užívala v jízlivém
slova smyslu, s významem "bídní malí Britoni".

Přepisy tabulek

Písmo na tabulkách je psací, pokládané za předchůdce vázaného písma, a rukopis různých pisatelů se liší. S několika výjimkami bylo označeno za staré latinské kurzivní písmo.

Texty tabulek budí dojem, jako by byly napsány v jiné abecedě než velká písmena používaná pro nápisy z jiných období. Písmo je odvozeno z kapitálek z konce 1. století před naším letopočtem a 1. století našeho letopočtu. V textu se (zřídka) objevují i neobvyklé nebo deformované tvary písmen nebo extravagantní vázání slov, která se užívala v řeckých svitcích z papyru ze stejného období.
Přepis dále komplikuje užívání zkratek jako "h" pro homines (muži) nebo "cos" pro consularis (konzul) a nahodilé dělení slov na konci řádků kvůli nedostatku místa, například ze slova epistulas (dopisy) je odtrženo "e" a zbytek slova pokračuje na dalším řádku.

Vcelku ale bylo užíváno písmo jednotné v celém impériu, jak ukazuje srovnání s nálezy z Egypta.

Inkoust a čitelnost
Psalo se po vnitřních stranách složených tabulek, inkoust obsahoval uhlík, arabskou gumu(jindy se uvádí pryskyřice) a vodu. Často je silně vybledlý nebo se zachoval jen v rozmazané podobě, takže v některých případech není přepis možný. Infračervená fotografie většinou poskytuje mnohem čitelnější verzi textu než samy tabulky. Fotografie však obsahují útvary, které se písmu podobají, které ale rozhodně písmeny nejsou; navíc se na nich vyskytuje mnoho řádek, teček a jiných tmavých skvrn, které mohou nebo nemusí být textem. V publikovaných přepisech se proto často muselo být subjektivně rozhodnout, které značky by měly být považovány za psaný text.

Srovnání s jinými lokalitami
Vindolandské tabulky ukazují mnoho druhů dokumentů, úředních vojenských i osobních. Jedinečnost těchto tabulek spočívá s tom, že poskytují svědectví o životě v krátkém období v jedné lokalitě. Podobné, i když ne tak cenné byly objeveny i jinde v Británii (lze uvést Ribchester, Lechlade, Carlisle, Caerleon či Corbridge).
Dřevěné tabulky byly nalezeny v nejméně dvou desítkách římských osad v Británii. Většina těchto míst však neposkytla stejný typ tabulek jako Vindolanda, šlo o tabulky, kde se ke psaní používá špičatý kovový stylus. Zato ve městě Carlisle (také na Hadriánově valu) bylo zjištěno značné množství tabulek popsaných inkoustem.

Skutečnost, že dopisy byly zasílány do různých míst (a z různých míst) na Hadriánově valu i vzdálenějších (vesnice Catterick, město York a Londýn) vyvolává otázku, proč bylo víc dopisů než v jiných lokalitách nalezeno právě v pevnosti Vindolanda, ale zatím se na ni nepodařilo nalézt jednoznačnou odpověď. Anaerobní podmínky, které v tamější pevnosti panují, nejsou zase tak výjimečné a totožné nálezy byly učiněny i na několika místech v Londýně. Jednou z možností je fakt, že vzhledem ke křehkosti tabulek je možné, že archeologové na jiných římských lokalitách texty psané inkoustem prostě přehlédli.

Nálezy tabulek
Když byly v březnu 1973 objeveny první tabulky, zpočátku je nálezci považovali za dřevěné hobliny, dokud někdo nenašel dvě, které držely u sebe. Když je od sebe oddělil, na vnitřních stranách se objevily nápisy. Tabulky odvezli k odborníkovi na čtení starých nápisů, Richardu Wrightovi, ale než se k němu dostaly, byly v důsledku působení kyslíku černé a nečitelné. Poslali je tedy Alison Rutherfordové v Newcastle University Medical School, kde se pomocí infračervených fotografií nápisy poprvé objevily. Zpočátku se ale text nedařilo rozluštit. Až když Alan Bowman z Manchesterské univerzity a David Thomas z Durhamské univerzity analyzovali dříve neznámou formu psacího písma, dokázali je přepsat.

V 70. a 80. letech 20. století bylo vykopáno téměř 500 tabulek.V roce 2015 se celkový počet blížil ke dvěma tisícům a zveřejněno jich bylo 772 (a to po přejmenování s čísly 118-889).

Zpracování, uchovávání tabulek a jejich zveřejňování

Vývoj postupů od roku 1973
Tabulky fotografovala infračervenou kamerou v roce 1973 Susan M. Blackshawová v Britském muzeu a později, v roce 1990, přímo v pevnosti Vindolanda Alison Rutherfordová. V letech 2000 až 2001 byly tabulky skenovány znovu, zdokonalenou technikou (pomocí infračerveného filtru Kodak Wratten 87C). Fotografie jsou pořizovány tak, aby na dřevě tabulek vybledlý inkoust vynikl a text byl lépe vidět.

V roce 2002 byly snímky tabulek použity při výzkumném programu, jehož cílem bylo rozšířit používání systému GRAVA, aby přepisu tabulek napomohly procesy vytvořené na základě nejlepší praxe papyrologů, a vytvořily snímky ve formátu XML, který ukazuje pravděpodobné umístění písmen a slov a jejich přepisu.

V roce 2010 spolupracovalo Centrum pro studium starověkých dokumentů na Oxfordské univerzitě, Britské muzeum avvýzkumná skupina na Univerzitě v Southamptonu při využívání polynomiálního mapování textu.

Snímky s rozlišením vhodným pro zobrazení webové stránky a textem tabulek z Tab. Vindol. II  byly zveřejněny on-line. Digitalizačním a on-line databázovým projektem byla spolupráce mezi Centrem pro studium starověkých dokumentů a týmem pro vývoj akademického výpočetní techniky na Oxfordské univerzitě za podpory Nadace Andrewa W. Mellona a Výzkumného výboru pro umění a humanitní vědy. Projektovými řediteli byli Alan Bowman, Charles Crowther a John Pearce. Tabulky z obou tab. Vindol. II  a Tab. Vindol. III  byly zveřejněny v novém on-line katalogu v roce 2010.. Tabulky Vindolanda byly zakódovány s EpiDoc TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) pro Centrum pro studium starověkých dokumentů na Oxfordské univerzitě v rámci projektu eSAD (e-Science and Ancient Documents). V on-line databázi tabulek je fotografická dokumentace, latinská transliterace, často s překladem do angličtiny.

Tabulky na očích veřejnosti i v muzeích a v televizi

Tabulky jsou uloženy v Britském muzeu, vybrané kusy se nacházejí v místnosti č. 49 spolu s dalšími exponáty z Británie z doby římské. Tabulky se dostaly na seznam britských archeologických nálezů, které vybrali odborníci z Britského muzea pro televizní dokument BBC Television Our Top Ten Treasures. Když pak byli diváci vyzváni, aby dali hlas nejoblíbenějším historickým pokladům, tabulky patřily k těm, které se umístily velmi vysoko.

Muzeum Vindolanda, které provozuje společnost Vindolanda Trust, vystavuje některé tabulky zapůjčené z Britského muzea. Muzeum Vindolanda vystavilo devět tabulek v roce 2011. Tato zápůjčka předmětů regionálnímu muzeu je v souladu se současnou politikou Britského muzea o podpoře půjček jak na mezinárodní, tak na národní úrovni (jako součást programu Partnerství UK). Tabulky jsou umístěny ve speciální vitrině, hermeticky uzavřené, aby byly chráněny před škodlivým vlivem vzdušného kyslíku a vlhkosti.

Reference

Literatura

Související články
 Vindolanda
 Hadriánův val
 Bremetennacum
 Britské muzeum
 Infračervená fotografie

Externí odkazy

 Vindolandské tabulky on-line
 Muzeum pevnosti Vindolanda

Hadriánův val
Británie (provincie)
Paleografie
Northumberland
Latina
Britské muzeum


Bedaquiline is a topic covered in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide.
Treatment of pulmonary MDR TB (resistant to at least INH and rifampin) in combination with other active antimycobacterial agents (minimum of four-drug treatment regimen) when an effective treatment regimen cannot otherwise be provided.
Limitation of use: the safety and efficacy of bedaquiline for the treatment of latent infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or drug-sensitive TB has not been established.
In addition, there are limited data on the treatment of extra-pulmonary TB (e.g., central nervous system).
Avdic, Edina, and Paul A Pham. "Bedaquiline." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540629/all/Bedaquiline.
Avdic E, Pham PA. Bedaquiline. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540629/all/Bedaquiline. Accessed April 22, 2019.
Avdic E, Pham PA. Bedaquiline [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2019. [cited 2019 April 22]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540629/all/Bedaquiline.


Jade Garden's tasteful design is masterfully blended with the essence of indoor greenery, creating a warm and unique dining experience for authentic Chinese cuisine such as Peking Duck, Roast Pork, and our signature Pimento Steak with its flavours infused on a hot sizzling platter. Moreover, diners may opt to taste a range of delicious Cantonese dim sums from the a-la-carte menu.
Sovereign Centre, 106 Hope Road, Kingston.
Reservations & Take-out: (876) 978- 3476.


With a name like Green City Beauty, there's no question we're ingredient-conscious when it comes to products and practices. But one size doesn't fit all when it comes to skin care. We developed a concept that combines the best of clinical and organic beauty options to meet the dynamic needs of our clients. It's a balance between scientifically proven products and those developed with the simplicity of all that nature has to offer. Our concept is as simple as our approach – deliver quality products and services in a way that's unique to the needs of every client regardless of one's skin care preference.
Green City Beauty owner, esthetician, and certified sugaring educator, Ashley Richardson, is no stranger to this concept. Ironically, it was her own skin troubles that triggered her interest in aesthetics. What first began as a journey to solve her skin's inflammation and irritation, evolved into her personal and professional calling – offer a blend of high quality solutions for clients seeking alternatives in skin care and hair-removal. A dedication to customized services has become the gold standard at GCB. Whether your skin craves all-natural and organic ingredients or you desire products with clinically proven results, conscientious care, combined with a mission to give clients glowing skin, is of top priority.
Launched in the heart of Philadelphia, Green City Beauty is unique. Struggles with sensitive skin and irritation, along with extensive research have led to natural and gentle solutions in skin care and hair removal.
48 Hour Cancellation, Late Rescheduling, or No-Show Fees Apply.
Click to read full policy.


Onchi stars as Pandora, front, and Sonja Hinz as Hope.
Pandora's curious spirit propels this darkly funny play inspired by vaudeville and Balinese mask drama. "Pandora & The Seven Deadly Sins" follows the lead character's discovery of a vaudevillian show where a playful but menacing cast of sinful characters entertain her in "Alice in Wonderland" fashion. Pandora then struggles with the question of how to achieve balance in the world when she discovers what it's like to be human.
» What: "Pandora & The Seven Deadly Sins"
» Call: 956-7655; tickets go on sale March 28 by phone or at Kennedy Theatre Box office from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.


Head over to Barnes & Noble and score a 1-year subscription to Parents Magazine for just $1 when you use code: K4M8W9D at checkout. Parents Magazine has Amazon diaper coupons each month and will save you a bundle!
Safety 1st All-In-One Convertible Car Seat just $99.99 Shipped!


Every time you open your refrigerator, you will find it stuffed with food items due to lack of space. So, have a look at colorful and multi-compartment refrigerator designed by Electrolux. They have tried to provide enough space with separate cabinets. You can have a separate space for each member of your house as per their choice of eatables. The door for each cabinet is opened from opposite side in order to give a unique and modern look to the refrigerator. This colorful refrigerator can be a piece of décor for your home and it will surely catch your guest's attention.
Tagged as eatables, electrolux, enough space, flatshare, stefan buchberger.
Where can you purchase this stackable fridge?


Rent houses and villas in Signes, the South of France.
This three bedroom holiday home is situated in Signes, on the stunning Cote d'Azur. It boasts a large terrace, a private swimming pool, three bedrooms and two bathrooms.
This 3 bedroom house is located in Signes and sleeps 6 people.


text:
Sarajevo-Bejelave
Weather in Sarajevo-Bejelave, BA (Weather Station)
Avg. wind speed: 7.3 km/h
Temperature 16 °C 15 °C 17 °C 23 °C 28 °C 29 °C 24 °C
Wind gusts 15.9 km/h 15.3 km/h 13.3 km/h 10 km/h 13 km/h 15.9 km/h 13.3 km/h
Avg. wind speed 6.9 km/h 5.8 km/h 4.6 km/h 3.3 km/h 4.6 km/h 5.7 km/h 5.3 km/h
Feels like 16 °C 15 °C 17 °C 23 °C 31 °C 29 °C 24 °C
Dewpoint 10 °C 11 °C 13 °C 15 °C 13 °C 12 °C 14 °C
Snow depth 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm
Wind gusts 16.6 km/h 16.4 km/h 13.3 km/h 9.9 km/h 13.1 km/h 16.1 km/h 14.6 km/h 17.5 km/h
Avg. wind speed 6.4 km/h 6.4 km/h 4.7 km/h 3.5 km/h 5.1 km/h 6.2 km/h 5.5 km/h 6.4 km/h
Dewpoint 12 °C 12 °C 13 °C 15 °C 14 °C 14 °C 15 °C 15 °C
Snow depth 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm
Wind gusts 16.2 km/h 15.1 km/h 11.5 km/h 11.9 km/h 19.3 km/h 18.3 km/h 15 km/h 13.5 km/h
Avg. wind speed 6.6 km/h 5.3 km/h 3.7 km/h 4 km/h 6.6 km/h 7.1 km/h 5.1 km/h 4.2 km/h
Wind gusts 13 km/h 14.1 km/h 11.3 km/h 12.4 km/h 17.7 km/h 17.2 km/h 15.1 km/h 14.8 km/h
Wind gusts 13.1 km/h 15.3 km/h 12.4 km/h 13 km/h 18.3 km/h 19.5 km/h 16.6 km/h 15.7 km/h
Avg. wind speed 4.7 km/h 5.8 km/h 4 km/h 4.7 km/h 7.3 km/h 7.5 km/h 6 km/h 4.9 km/h
Temperature 13 / 28 °C 13 / 29 °C 14 / 30 °C
Data provided by weather station Sarajevo-Bejelave, 638m
+9.7 km - Sarajevo-Butmir
+21 km - Bjelasnica
+77 km - Mostar
Weather in Sarajevo-Bejelave, 19.07.2019
On Friday it will be mostly sunny during the day. In the evening cloudy, but mostly dry weather will prevail. Then it will become cloudless. Morning temperatures will be around 12 °C. During the day they will reach a maximum of 29 °C. Low temperatures at night will be around 14°C. We have weak northwesterly winds.
On Saturday we can expect mostly sunny weather. Morning temperatures will be around 14 °C. During the day they will reach a maximum of 30 °C. Low temperatures at night will be around 15°C. We have weak easterly winds.
15-Day Outlook
Colder or warmer, wetter or more windy? Discover the trend for the next 2 weeks
The Ensemble-diagram shows the temperature trend for the next two weeks. The black line indicates the most likely temperature sequence, whereas the blue and red lines represent the coldest and the warmest trend, respectively. The general rule is that the wider the distribution of the diagram (grey area), the lower the reliability of the forecast. Due to the fact that the model output temperatures used in this diagram do not exactly represent geographic location and height, temperature differences in comparison to the detailed forecast may occur. Thus, the 15-day outlook allows only a qualitative estimate of temperature development and forecast uncertainty.
The Ensemble-diagram shows the wind trend for the next two weeks. The black line indicates the most likely wind sequence, whereas the blue and yellow lines represent extreme values. The general rule is that the wider the distribution of the diagram (grey area), the lower the reliability of the forecast.
The Ensemble-diagram shows the precipitation trend for the next two weeks. The black line indicates the most likely precipitation sequence, whereas the green and brown lines represent the wettest and the driest trend, respectively. The general rule is that the wider the distribution of the diagram (grey area), the lower the reliability of the forecast.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Не работает пагинация в listview yii2, к ссылке добавляет лишний / Контроллер:
public function actionIndex()
    {
        $dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
            'query' => Post::find()->with('tags')->where(['active' => true]),
            'pagination' => [
                'pageSize' => 2,
                'forcePageParam' => false,
                'pageSizeParam' => false,
            ]
        ]);

        return $this->render('index', compact( 'dataProvider'));
    }

Вью:
<?php
                    try {
                        echo ListView::widget([
                            'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
                            'itemOptions' => [
                                'tag' => false,
                            ],
                            'layout' => "{items}\n{pager}\n{summary}",
                            'itemView' => function ($model, $key, $index, $widget) use ($count) {
                                return $this->render('_item', compact('model', 'key', 'index', 'widget', 'count'));
                            },
                            'pager' => [
                                'firstPageLabel' => 'first',
                                'lastPageLabel' => 'last',
                                'nextPageLabel' => 'next',
                                'prevPageLabel' => 'previous',
                                'maxButtonCount' => 3,
                            ],
                        ]);
                    } catch (Exception $e) {
                        echo 'Ошибка вывода постов. ';
                        echo $e->getMessage();
                    }
                    ?>

Рендерит:

first

previous

1

2

next

last

где в  появляется почему-то лишний слеш.
Как исправить и в чем проблема, подскажите, пожалуйста?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Title: Generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
YIN, CHUNTAO - Washington State University
Chen, Xianming
WANG, XIAOJIE - Northwest Agriculture And Forestry University
HAN, QINGMEI - Northwest Agriculture And Forestry University
KANG, ZHENSHENG - Northwest Agriculture And Forestry University
HULBERT, SCOT - Washington State University
Submitted to: Biomed Central (BMC) Genomics
Citation: Yin, C., Chen, X., Wang, X., Han, Q., Kang, Z., Hulbert, S. 2009. Generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. BMC Genomic 10:626.
Interpretive Summary: Stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. In spite of its agricultural importance, the genomics and genetics of the pathogen are poorly characterized. The pathogen transcripts from spores and germinated spores have been examined previously, but little is known about genes expressed during host infection. Some genes involved in pathogenicity or specific virulence/avirulence in other rust fungi have been found to be specifically expressed in haustoria, special structures of the rust fungus. The objectives of this study were to generate a cDNA library and characterize genes in haustoria of the stripe rust pathogen. A total of 5,126 expressed sequence tags were generated from haustoria, of which 1,134 unique genes were obtained. Approximately 9% and 25% of the genes were homologous to proteins with known function and hypothetical proteins, respectively. The remaining 66% of the unique sequences had no significant similarity in the GenBank. Fourteen genes were predicted to be proteins secreted from haustoria. Analysis of nine genes, including five secreted protein genes revealed expression changes in different developmental and infection stages of the pathogen. This is the first report of haustorial genes for the stripe rust pathogen and the library will be useful for cloning and characterizing pathogenicity genes of the pathogen.
Technical Abstract: Background: Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. In spite of its agricultural importance, the genomics and genetics of the pathogen are poorly characterized. Pst transcripts from urediniospores and germinated urediniospores have been examined previously, but little is known about genes expressed during host infection. Some genes involved in virulence in other rust fungi have been found to be specifically expressed in haustoria. Therefore, the objective of this study was to generate a cDNA library to characterize genes expressed in haustoria of Pst. Results: A total of 5,126 EST sequences of high quality were generated from haustoria of Pst, from which 287 contigs and 847 singletons were derived. Approximately 10% and 26% of the 1,134 unique sequences were homologous to proteins with known functions and hypothetical proteins, respectively. The remaining 64% of the unique sequences had no significant similarities in GenBank. Fifteen genes were predicted to be proteins secreted from Pst haustoria. Analysis of ten genes, including six secreted protein genes, using quantitative RT-PCR revealed changes in transcript levels in different developmental and infection stages of the pathogen. Conclusions: The haustorial cDNA library was useful in identifying genes of the stripe rust fungus expressed during the infection process. From the library, we identified 15 genes encoding putative secreted proteins and six genes induced during the infection process. These genes are candidates for further studies to determine their functions in wheat-Pst interactions.


Julia Paganelli Marín lives and writes in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Her chapbook, Blush Less (Finishing Line Press, 2015), collects narratives of young women in southwestern Pennsylvania. Her poems are published or forthcoming from BOAAT Press, The Comstock Review, Chautauqua Literary Journal, Connotation Press, Hobart, HOOT Literary Journal, The Madison Review, and Circle's Lament: Anthology of Wild Women Poetry. Follow her @julespags92.


text:
BatmanBatman: The Long HalloweenDC Animated UniverseFeatured PostMovie NewsNews
Rumour: DC working on a two part animated film from Batman The Long Halloween
by Damian Fasciani January 5, 2019
by Damian Fasciani January 5, 2019 0 comment
The internet has gone into melt down with the news that DC is working on a two-part animated film from the iconic classic story, Batman: The Long Halloween. Comic Book site, Revenge of the Fans is reporting the story as their own exclusive with several other pop culture sites reporting the same story. With no official word from DC or Warner Bros. we are classifying this as a rumour for now.
Batman: The Long Halloween is regarded as one of the most iconic stories of the Batman Universe, I place it in the same category as the Dark Knight Returns, Hush, KnightFall, & All Star Batman & Robin.
For those who have or haven't read the story here is a recap of the official synopsis:
"Christmas. St. Patrick's Day. Easter. As the calendar's days stack up, so do the bodies littered in the streets of Gotham City. A murderer is loose, killing only on holidays. The only man that can stop this fiend? The Dark Knight. In a mystery taking place during Batman's early days of crime fighting, Batman: The Long Halloween is one of the greatest Dark Knight stories ever told.
Working with District Attorney Harvey Dent and Lieutenant James Gordon, Batman races against the calendar as he tries to discover who Holiday is before he claims his next victim each month. A mystery that has the reader continually guessing the identity of the killer, this story also ties into the events that transform Harvey Dent into Batman's deadly enemy, Two-Face."
The rumour reel on this states that the two-part animated film will not be part of the DC animated universe that has been created by WB, it is supposedly going to be a stand alone film like The Dark Knight Returns & The Killing Joke. The source of this information won't be named but they are considered solid by "Revenge of the Fans" due to their prior knowledge of the casting of the Harley Quinn series. Take what you want from it, with so many sites reporting off the back of this site there should be some level of confirmation soon on if this is true or not.
Casting Rumour:
Troy Baker – He has voiced Batman in the past and is reportedly in the hot seat to voice the Dark Knight again.
Jensen Ackles – He voiced Jason Todd in Under the Red Hood, speculation that he could voice Harvey Dent.
Titus Welliver – Only a hunch from the source that he could voice Alberto Falcone. He played one of the Joker's plebs in Nolan's 2008 The Dark Knight.
Other reported castings:
The rest of the cast includes names like Jim Pirri (who's voiced Mr. Freeze and Vandal Savage in previous DC films), Amy Landecker, Matthew Gray Gubler (who was The Riddler in Batman: Assault on Arkham), Katee Sackhoff, and Fred Tatasciore (who played Killer Croc and Solomon Grundy in DC Super Hero Girls).
Batman: The Long HalloweenDamian FascianiDC Animated UniverseDC Comicsrumour
Damian Fasciani
Proud owner and Publisher of leading fan sites, DC Comics News and Dark Knight News. Our staff make us truely great! Batman is the best pop culture character of all time, I'm a collector, comic book reader and lover of DC films and TV. Love the 80s pop culture, into personal fitness, technology as my day job, music and sport.
DC Comics Includes Stan Lee Tribute to Start 2019
Review: Batman/Catwoman Special #1
"I Am Batman": Jace Fox Represents With New...
Flashpoint Batman Is Back To Go "Beyond!"
DCN Exclusive Interview: Álvaro Martínez Bueno – 'The...
Review: Batman The Knight #1
Review: Justice League Incarnate #3
Rachel Zegler Confirms more about her Shazam! 2...
Is This The Death of The Justice League?


text:
Texenna is a district in Jijel Province, Algeria. It was named after its capital, Texenna.

Municipalities
The district is further divided into 2 municipalities:
Texenna
Kaous

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Secret clubs and private cabanas lure big spenders to Disney
Tourists weary of standing in line with the common folk at Walt Disney World may soon be able to pony up the cost of a country club membership to join Club 33, a secret club that started at Disneyland to cater to high-end clients.
The VIP lounges will be just another perk for big spenders at WDW. The theme park recently started renting private cabanas for $691 a day, including tax. The cabanas near Space Mountain include charging stations, sunscreen, food, drink, and lockers.
David Niles, the author of ThemeParkInsider.com, said the cabanas — along with the possibility of a Club 33 announcement coming by the end of the year — is Disney's idea of "looking for new ways to earn money from people who want to take a break from its crowds."
"Of course, for $691 a day you could book yourself a darned nice hotel room in the Disney resort area," Niles said on the blog. "But let's face it. The market for these cabanas is people who already have booked one of those darned nice hotel rooms and who have the extra cash to drop on the added convenience of an in-park cabana, too."
Walt Disney himself started the VIP concept to thank corporate sponsors like Ford and General Electric during the 1964 New York World's Fair. He intended the Disneyland club to be exclusively for corporate sponsors but when it opened June 15, 1967, six months after his death, individual memberships were offered.
The club name comes from its location, 33 Royal Street in New Orleans Square at Disneyland. Initially, members pressed a concealed buzzer on the door but it was replaced with the ability to swipe a membership card over the 33 on the door.
Corporate membership has been reported as $50,000 initially, plus $15,000 in annual dues. There's a waitlist that takes years to climb up for membership.
Members receive Premier Passports good at Disneyland and Walt Disney World, early entry to the parks, valet parking at Disneyland hotels and invitations to private events at the Club 33 restaurant. Elton John and Paul McCartney have played an antique harpsichord custom built for Lillian Disney at the club.
The difference between Walt Disney's original plan, where sponsors picked up the bill, is that everyday people, even if it only includes the one percenters, will soon have the opportunity to buy into the VIP privileges at Walt Disney World.
Club 33DisneylandNew Orleans SquarePremier Passportssecret clubWalt DisneyWalt Disney WorldWDW
SeaWorld cuts prices on Black Friday
EPCOT adds fourth festival to calendar
Theme park news: $1 billion resort near Disney World / Disneyland COVID-19 vaccine / 'Soul' exhibit
Disney World hotel guests are losing perks, but travel agents don't expect off-site exodus
Disney's Animal Kingdom, Fun Spot Orlando pass county COVID-19 inspections
5 biggest new theme park attractions coming to Orlando and Tampa in 2021


text:
/*
 * 9. Create a method that places a new order in the Northwind database.
 * The order should contain several order items.
 * Use transaction to ensure the data consistency.
 */

namespace _09.Transactions
{
    using System;
    using Northwind.Model;

    class TransactionsDemo
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("({0} affected row(s))\n", TestOnExplicitlyStartedTransaction());
            Console.WriteLine("({0} affected row(s))\n", TestOnImplicitlyStartedTransaction());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Started the transaction explicitly. We have options to commit / roll-back transactions.
        /// </summary>
        private static int TestOnExplicitlyStartedTransaction()
        {
            var affectedRows = 0;
            const string customerId = "VINET";
            const int employeeId = 5;

            const int invalidEmployeeId = int.MaxValue;

            using (var dbContext = new NorthwindEntities())
            {
                dbContext.Database.Initialize(false);
                using (var transaction = dbContext.Database.BeginTransaction())
                {
                    try
                    {
                        #region [Add Orders]

                        // This cause an error (Comment it to see result)
                        var firstOrder = new Order
                        {
                            CustomerID = customerId,
                            EmployeeID = invalidEmployeeId // employeeId
                        };
                        dbContext.Orders.Add(firstOrder);

                        var secondOrder = new Order
                        {
                            CustomerID = customerId,
                            EmployeeID = employeeId
                        };

                        secondOrder.Order_Details.Add(new Order_Detail
                        {
                            OrderID = secondOrder.OrderID,
                            ProductID = 5,
                            UnitPrice = 12.34m,
                            Quantity = 100,
                            Discount = 0.2f
                        });

                        dbContext.Orders.Add(secondOrder);

                        #endregion

                        affectedRows = dbContext.SaveChanges();

                        // Finish successfully => Commit transaction
                        transaction.Commit();

                        // Test to Rollback() insted of Commit() and you will see that the changes are rolled-back
                        //transaction.Rollback();

                        Console.WriteLine("- Finish successfully => Commit transaction");
                    }
                    catch (Exception)
                    {
                        // Finish Unsuccessfully => Rollback transaction
                        transaction.Rollback();

                        Console.WriteLine("- Exception: Finish Unsuccessfully => Rollback transaction");
                    }
                }
            }

            return affectedRows;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Started the transaction implicitly.
        /// </summary>
        private static int TestOnImplicitlyStartedTransaction()
        {
            var affectedRows = 0;
            const string customerId = "RATTC";
            const int employeeId = 6;

            const int invalidEmployeeId = int.MaxValue;

            using (var dbContext = new NorthwindEntities())
            {
                try
                {
                    #region [Add Orders]

                    // This cause an error
                    var firstOrder = new Order
                    {
                        CustomerID = customerId,
                        EmployeeID = invalidEmployeeId // employeeId
                    };

                    dbContext.Orders.Add(firstOrder);

                    var secondOrder = new Order
                    {
                        CustomerID = customerId,
                        EmployeeID = employeeId
                    };

                    secondOrder.Order_Details.Add(new Order_Detail
                    {
                        OrderID = secondOrder.OrderID,
                        ProductID = 5,
                        UnitPrice = 12.34m,
                        Quantity = 100,
                        Discount = 0.2f
                    });

                    dbContext.Orders.Add(secondOrder);

                    #endregion

                    affectedRows = dbContext.SaveChanges();

                    Console.WriteLine("- Finish successfully => Commit transaction");
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("- Exception: Finish Unsuccessfully => Rollback transaction");
                }
            }

            return affectedRows;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Image Interpretation celebrates 10 years of improving patient care
Hannah Denness, 19 October 2020
The Image Interpretation elearning programme is celebrating its tenth anniversary.
The programme provides continuing professional development in image interpretation to support radiographers and other health professionals. It was initially developed to improve patient care by providing standardised elearning to support the radiography workforce as they move towards preliminary evaluations.
Image Interpretation is a partnership between Health Education England elearning for healthcare (HEE elfh) and the Society and College of Radiographers.
The programme was first launched at United Kingdom Radiological Congress in 2010 with sessions on Adult Skelton and Adult Chest.
Now, in 2020, there are:
160 authors
454 sessions
21,386 active users
133,911 hours of learning
355,787 session launches
Dorothy Keane, clinical lead, said: "As clinical lead for this programme I am immensely proud of our achievements and look forward to continuing to develop the content, always remembering that this will improve patient's clinical outcomes and never forgetting the importance of our patients during their time spent in imaging.
"The figures are a real tribute to the hard work of the authors, editors and learning designers who have turned Image Interpretation into one of the largest and most successful programmes within elfh."
The programme focuses on core skills, both in developing new areas of work and in the review and updating of existing modules.
Currently, the team is working on creating new sessions for Radiographers as Researchers as well as further developing sessions on Orthopaedic Intervention. Future topics will include management, governance, career progression and recruitment.
Dorothy Keane said: "We greatly value our learners' feedback and suggestions, many of which have led to the development of new sessions over recent years."
Positive feedback from learners has included:
"Image Interpretation is key to the effective and safe clinical management of patients."
"This is a fantastic resource which we should all be using to integrate learning into our day to day care of patients."
"I found it invaluable for my self-directed learning as I was able to access those subjects which were particularly useful to me prior to my return to practice."
More information about the programme, including access details, please visit: https://www.e-lfh.org.uk/programmes/image-interpretation/


text:
By Staff reporter | 02 Mar 2020 at 15:39hrs
Jack Welch, the champion of corporate efficiency who built General Electric into one of the world's largest companies and influenced generations of business leaders, has died. He was 84.
His death was reported Monday by CNBC, which cited his wife, Suzy.
The former GE chairman and chief executive officer, whose blunt style and ceaseless cost cutting earned him the sobriquet "Neutron Jack," mentored proteges who went on to run some of the world's best-known companies. Named "Manager of the Century" by Fortune magazine in 1999, he presided over a stock surge of almost 3,000% during a two-decade tenure.
"He became the gold standard of greatness, the icon of industrial imagination," said Jeffrey Sonnenfeld, a Yale University business professor who knew Welch since the 1980s. "His track record over those 20 years as CEO is hard to see excelled anywhere."
Known simply as Jack to even low-level employees, Welch became the youngest CEO in GE's history in 1981. He created a leaner company, yet one whose dependence on finance would eventually prove to be a threat. Along the way, he molded GE's culture to reflect his demanding personality, one larger than his 5-foot-7-inch (1.7-meter) frame.
"I like challenging people. I like debate. I like all those things," he told interviewer Charlie Rose less than two months after his 2001 retirement. "And yet I love having a drink with 'em, too."
Welch stepped down four days before the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. He remained active for more than a decade as a consultant and media commentator.
Business leaders extolled his ability to boost profit and shareholder wealth with his restless, results-driven approach. GE became the world's biggest company by market value at more than $500 billion in 1999.
Imitators across corporate America copied his leadership strategies, and recruiters snapped up lieutenants including W. James McNerney Jr., who later became Boeing Co.'s CEO, and Robert Nardelli, who ran Home Depot Inc. and Chrysler. Another GE executive, Jeffrey Immelt, would best them to succeed Welch.
Welch's legacy was dented in retirement, as GE's stock lost a third of its value within a year. The shares would lag behind the pre-Sept. 11 level for virtually all of Immelt's 16 years as CEO.
Soon after Enron Corp. collapsed in late 2001, GE found itself facing accounting questions about whether Welch relied on moves such as one-time asset sales to produce consistently steady profit gains. GE Capital under Welch grew so vast that unit's struggles in the 2008-2009 financial crisis would imperil all of GE. The company has since exited nearly all of the lending businesses.
Finance revisited
"There's been some revisiting of the robustness of the financial services model. GE Capital was providing cover for some other parts of the business," Sonnenfeld said. There was a "backlash that did dog Jack Welch."
John Francis Welch Jr. was born Nov. 19, 1935, in Peabody, Massachusetts. He was the only child of John Sr., a Boston & Maine Railroad conductor, and Grace Andrews Welch.
Growing up in Salem, Massachusetts, he was outspoken and athletic. He played golf, hockey and baseball at Salem High School, where he was voted "most talkative and noisiest" boy by classmates and wrote in the school literary magazine that he wanted to "make a million."
Welch's mother infused him with self-confidence and helped him overcome a boyhood stutter -- "the most influential person in my life," he wrote in his 2001 autobiography "Jack: Straight From the Gut."
'You punk!'
After a close hockey defeat as a youngster, Welch flung his stick across the ice, prompting his mother to march into the locker room, grab him by the jersey and shout: "You punk! If you don't know how to lose, you'll never know how to win."
In 1957, he graduated with honors from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst with a bachelor's degree in engineering. Three years later, he received a doctorate in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois and took a $10,500-a-year job with GE in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where the company developed new businesses in plastics.
Working his way through the ranks from vice president to vice chairman, Welch gained a reputation as a maverick, questioning whether GE was being run the right way. He saw GE's future in plastics, medical equipment and financial services, not household appliances.
Winners, losers
At 45, Welch succeeded Reginald Jones as chairman and CEO. While GE was profitable, Welch was concerned that it was too big to be flexible. He sorted GE's divisions into "winners" -- those first or second in their industries -- and "losers," mostly older units that had to improve or face disposal.
Over a five-year span in the 1980s, he sold more than 200 businesses and closed dozens of factories. Annual dismissals of the 10 percent of employees deemed the lowest performers also became standard. Welch's moves would shrink the workforce by one-third to 239,000 people.
"A successful leader can shock an organization and lead its recovery. An unsuccessful leader will shock an organization and paralyze it," Welch said in a 1994 Industry Week interview. "Organizations constantly need to be regenerated."
GE under Welch spent more than $25 billion on acquisitions, and he pushed into finance as the U.S. economy shifted away from manufacturing. He looked overseas, too, boosting foreign sales by more than 50 percent.
He pioneered widely imitated training programs, including "Work-Out," in which employees learned to accelerate decision-making with days of brainstorming. In 1995, Welch implemented the Six Sigma quality controls to improve manufacturing processes. Noting GE's success, companies around the world would adopt a similar methodology.
'Tremendous passion'
Welch knew thousands of employees by name and would send handwritten notes to voice his approval or dissatisfaction.
"He had tremendous, tremendous passion for the business, but he also had tremendous passion for people," William Conaty, whose 40-year GE career included serving as human resources chief under Welch, said in a 2014 interview. "If your wife was sick, he'd want to know how she was doing."
Welch also worked six days a week, taking only Sunday off to golf -- he called working weekends "a blast" -- and expected similar dedication from those who wanted to get ahead.
"I never once asked anyone, 'Is there someplace you would rather be -- or need to be -- for your family or favorite hobby or whatever?"' he said in his 2005 book, "Winning."
Welch delayed his mandatory age-65 retirement for almost a year for a final challenge: a $53 billion bid for Honeywell International Inc. that collapsed when he balked at European regulators' demands for concessions.
Baseball, golf
A lifelong Boston Red Sox fan, Welch would test executives and potential hires on their baseball knowledge. He was also a golf addict, hitting the links with Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton and executives including Warren Buffett and Bill Gates.
After leaving GE, Welch served as a part-time adviser, a partner at investment firm Clayton Dubilier & Rice and consultant to companies including JPMorgan Chase & Co. He taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's business school, opened a management institute bearing his name and stayed in the public eye with guest-host gigs on CNBC and New England Sports Network.
Welch married Carolyn Osburn in 1959, and they had four children before divorcing in 1987. He was married to corporate lawyer Jane Beasley for 13 years. They divorced in 2002 amid revelations of an affair with Harvard Business Review editor Suzy Wetlaufer that began when Wetlaufer was interviewing him for an article.
The two married in 2004 and went on to collaborate on "Winning," but not before divorce proceedings opened a public argument over Welch's fortune, with his second wife's lawyers claiming his asset valuation of $456 million was at least $100 million too low. The case was settled in 2003.
By then, Welch's retirement package had been shown to include his $11 million Central Park West apartment in New York City, use of a private jet, a leased Mercedes-Benz, restaurant and laundry expenses, country-club fees and sports tickets. He later opted to pay for some perks himself.


text:
rootjunky
Smartphone operating systems over the years
December 7, 2018 December 7, 2018 by rootjunky
Mobile OS or the operating systems used in smartphones, smartwatches and other mobile devices are the epitome of advancement and progress. These systems are very different from the ones that are found on laptops and desktops. Various companies have different features and different ways of functioning. Android and the iOS are two of the most popular operating systems that are used and preferred. Although Microsoft's Windows OS had some fans, Android and iOS continue to dominate the markets.
But the market wasn't always like this. We had multiple operatingsystems with each bringing something unique to the table in terms of functionality, design and features.Today, we look at some of the mobile operating systems that no longer exist.
The many flavours of Linux before Android:
At this moment, almost 81% of the world's smartphones run on Linux OS, Android being one of the most popular ones of all. However, not all the Linux OS have had a good past, some version of Mobile Linux is no longer in use. Maemo OS is one of those OS.
This open source OS was developed by Nokia, for smartphones and tablets. Like many hand-held devices,this OS featured a home screen, which allows the users to access other applications, a Google Search bar and a menu. This OS projects from Linux kernel, Debian, and GNOME and is based on Debian GNU/Linux. Further more, it draws from GUI, frameworks, and libraries from the GNOME project.
The last known version of the OS in any smartphone was called Maemo 5 which was found on Nokia's N900 smartphone. However, in 2010, Nokia announced that Maemo was being merged with Moblin OS, another Linux OS, to create MeeGo.
Moblin stands for Mobile Linux was produced by Intel. However, this OS has been discontinued and only surfaced in one smartphone. This OS first featured in the Acer netbooks.LG Electronics chose to use Moblin OS 2.1 for mobile Internet device class smartphone, the LG GW990.
This OS was known to enhance the power management policy, UI framework and other things.
MeeGo is a discontinued Linux version, hosted by the Linux Foundation. This OS made use of the source code obtained from Moblin produced by Intel and by Maemo produced by Nokia.This OS was developed in order to offer a better operating system to the hardware of various appliances, including smartphones.
The best part about this OS was that it offered various kinds of interface options which were termed as user experiences inside the OS.
Depending on the hardware of the smartphone, the users could find applications for their smartphone by making use of Nokia Ovi digital software distribution systems or the Intel App Up. The MeeGo OS was seen in the Nokia N9and N950 models.
Windows for mobiles and phones:
For some years Nokia had favored the Windows OS for their new line of smartphones. However, Windows Mobile phones and software have been permanently discontinued and are not being manufactured anymore.
Nokia Lumia was the brand face of the OS, which featured a different UI and a totally different look than your regular Android phones. Although the Windows OS was aeons ahead of what Apple and regular Android smartphones were offering in terms of smoothness and design, the fact that it joined the race a bit too late did not fare well for Microsoft.
The biggest aspect to Windows success had been that the phones were well-built and had great features along with being priced affordably. However, players such as Vivo, Oppo and Xiaomi killed the game for it. Furthermore, the lack of developer support also had a large part to play in the downfall of the Windows OS. The last version to released was Windows 8.1, which now has been updated to Windows 10. Microsoft has nothing planned for these phones, and there will be no updates in the future.
The other big players:
The Palm OS was one of the most popular OS from the 90s, this OS was found in the PDAs manufactured and marketed by Palm Inc. The now discontinued OS came with an easy to handle OS, which made the use of touchscreens easy. Furthermore, there was a personal suite of applications which allowed the users to manage their personal data.Later versions of the OS were even adapted to work with smartphones.
Although Palm had a lot of things planned, the ideas and the plans simply did not work as they should have. Palm's marketing for Pre and Pixi were nothing to sneeze at. What's more is that Palm did not allow developers to develop WebOS applications until too late. So, all in all, Palm's downfall was just like BlackBerry's and similar to what happened to Nokia's Lumia series while they offered great functionality there was always something missing.
There was a time when BlackBerry enjoyed the popularity that Apple's iPhone enjoys now, but now things have changed, and BlackBerry is a thing of the past now. The BlackBerry OS is a proprietary OS specifically made for the BlackBerry line of smartphones. The OS supported multitasking and was adapted in order to offer away to various features such as trackball, track wheel and touchscreens, as seen more recently.
The success of this giant began with its pagers, seen on the belts of lawyers, doctors and various other kinds of successful people; BlackBerry had made it possible for you to reach just about anybody. Then came BBM, a way to get in touch with everyone.However, when the world was evolving, and Android smartphones along with iPhones began dominating the markets, BlackBerry stuck to what it did. In 2013,BlackBerry did try to enter the game with its touchscreen, BlackBerry 10, butit was already too late.
The BlackBerry name still remains even today but is merely licensed to TCL to making Android-powered devices that are overpriced and just do not have the same appeal as the older BlackBerry's.
Once the Symbian OS was the king of all OS'. Used by Samsung, Nokia and Motorola, this OS was one of the most popular ones, at one point. Nokia made use of the Symbian OS the most out of all the other brands and rose to prominence in the smartphone market.
However, right about the time, the iPhone came around, Symbian tech started to fall behind. The main attractive component of this OS was the UI, and iPhone had a better, bolder and slicker interface. However, the death of Nokia's popularity and Symbian OS came slowly with the popularity of Android and iPhones, which were easier to use and had a ton more apps in their app stores.
Android, today is one of the most popular OS alongside iOS. However, the massive popularity enjoyed by these two does not simply stem from the ease use of the OS but also from the support of the developers.
As we just read about the other kinds OS that came around, and are no more, the only drawback was that they joined the race a bit too late or refused to change themselves quickly to adapt to the new generation. By the time Nokia made its come back with Android, or even brought in Microsoft, which offered top-end features seen in no Android or Apple phone, it was too late.
Furthermore, Palm and BlackBerry also decided to jump in a bit too late. By the time the other OS decided to join in, Android and iPhone had developed by leaps and bounds and was out their reach.
Categories A to Z Tags android, IOS, iphone, operating systems, smartphone 1 Comment
Smartphone features lost over the years
November 20, 2018 by rootjunky
Of all the things in this world, smartphones are one of the most used devices in the world and have seen many changes over the past few years. Only in about 5 years, smartphones went from being only 4 to 5 inches in dimensions to 6 to 7 inches. Furthermore, the OS and other features in these phones have seen drastic changes. Although not all of these changing features have been well-loved and appreciated, there are many other features that we have come to love and use every day.
The various developments and changing scenarios in the smartphone world have not only given us competent phones, but dual cameras, a huge hit with the smartphone using generation, and better batteries. However, when we talk about smartphones, it hasn't always been merry.
With better phones and better features, we pay the price of losing certain features. Losing the headphone jack in our beloved smartphones has been one of the most recent laments of the smartphone using generation. And it is safe to say that it wasn't the first, and surely will not be the last.
Smartphone features lost over the years that we really loved
Smartphones come with various features and immense power. However, when any company takes their smartphones to the next level, there is always something or the other that gets left behind. Every day smartphone giants chop off some feature or another that they deem useless. Here is a look at the smartphone features that we loved and the lost over the years:
No more removable batteries
Somewhere around in 2015, the trend shifted from smartphones with removable batteries to smartphones with non-removable batteries. iPhone was the first ever smartphone to be released with a non-removable battery in 2007. However, over the years, to slim down the phones and to offer a better build to the phone, many companies began to manufacture phones with a non-removable battery.
Surely we love slim phones, but we also loved the fact that we did not have to discard our phones when the batteries began to malfunction and give us a bad output. In today's time, even if you love your phone dearly, you will have to choose another phone if your phone's battery does not work properly.
No FM Transmitters
Yeah, the world has moved on, and we now have Google Music and Apple Music, even YouTube to help us play the music that we want. However, to all of those people who love nothing better than to listen to the music on air or enjoy a classy session of FM, sadly there is no helping them. With only our cars with FM transmitters, there is hardly any place for FM lovers to hear what they like. Gone are the days when you could plug in your earplugs and blast your favourite FM channel on your smartphone.
Physical Keyboards and Trackball
Remember the time when BlackBerry took the world over a storm and enjoyed the popularity that Apple enjoys today? Well, if you do, then you probably know that the best of BlackBerry's days came with its amazing physical Qwerty keyboard. Although the advent of smartphones did not directly let go of the Qwerty and trackball features, the trend did die down after a while. Furthermore, smartphones like the Motorola Droid, the T-Mobile G1/G2, Sprint Epic 4G Touch tried to keep the Qwerty fever alive, but it did not work out so well.
We know that BlackBerry KEYone still exists, but honestly, the phone does not gel with the requirements of today's time. The phone is nothing but a low-powered phone which will obviously not allow you to do anything.
Slideout designs: Best of Smartphones
Before we had iPhone to set the parameters for the best features to look for in a smartphone, Nokia used to make various kinds of strides in that department. The best feature of Nokia phones were the slideout designs. Surely, Samsung was one of the companies that offered good phones with slideout designs, but nobody did it better than Nokia. During that time, somewhere in early 2007, the companies were battling it out creating flip phones with revolving screens, slideouts in two different directions as seen in N9 or a phone that slid open to show the keyboard as seen in Nokia N900, there was no shortage of fun phones to find.
However, with everything becoming an on-screen game these days, it is hard to find a smartphone that comes with a Qwerty keyboard or with slideouts. These features were taken away from smartphones to create a slimmer and better smartphone. But not to fear, as while sliding is out, foldable smartphones may soon be a reality with innovations from Samsung.
The Issue of Losing the Headphone Jack
Yes, we know, that the headphone jack is still present on many phones, but the number is dwindling. However, when you look at it closely, there is a number of companies that have already decided to omit the jack from their system. The point is that creating space for a headphone jack takes up space that could be used for other things like beefing up the battery. Furthermore, the new trend of Type-C USB has also led to a decline in the use of headphone jacks in the phones. The Type-C USB is made for only one purpose, and that is to offer you one cable for all kinds of uses.
Although you can still find many kinds of smartphones with headphone jacks, there is a possibility that very soon we would lose the headphone jack. Apple and HTC have already taken the steps of removing the headphone jacks, and it is only a matter of time Samsung, and other companies follow suit.
Surely, we have seen many impressive phones over the past few years, but nothing can beat the features that we have lost over the years, especially the uniqueness that each phone had in the market.
Which feature do you miss please comment below.
Categories A to Z, Devices Tags android, battery, features, headphone jack, no more, smartphone 2 Comments
Unbelievable features on todays flagships
October 25, 2018 by rootjunky
If you head over into your wardrobe and dish out your old favorite smartphone or feature phone you'll realize that while the basic premise of what makes a phone tick is same (processor, RAM, display and battery), a lot of features have seen massive upgrades. Displays on today's smartphones are much larger and higher resolution than before, processors can now process a lot more tasks including AI! which manufactures brag about at length and camera sensors have for the first time made it possible for us to leave our bulky cameras and video cameras at home.
But despite the huge numbers of smartphones in the market, there are a lot of similarities amongst most of them. But, today we are going to look at some unique features in flagship smartphones.
Sliding cameras:
It's no secret that a lot of people hate notches on their phones, but the reason for the existence of notches was that it wasn't possible to place camera sensors under the display along with the sensors. But over time we have managed to make ultrasonic sensors and in-display fingerprint scanners but the cameras still take up considerable space and that's why we have notches. But Chinese smartphone makers Oppo and Vivo have come up with nearly bezel less phones with sliding/ pop-up cameras. While Vivo's approach is more simple and thoughtful putting only the front camera on the slider, Oppo went all out, putting both the front and rear cameras on the slider. But these are not all, the upcoming Honor Magic 2 and Mi Mix 3 are rumored to have something similar with manual sliders.
Multiple cameras
For a long time smartphones were considered inferior to standalone cameras and while the current generation hasn't surpassed DSLR's they have certainly come very close. But with people's obsession with shallow depth of field effects of the DSLR meant smartphones makers had to mimic the same on phones. But with the size of the camera sensor being tiny on phones you'll need a very wide lens so a secondary sensor is used to get the depth effect. Manufacturers often go berserk when a new feature or trend is created, the same is with multiple cameras. A few of the latest phones have up to 5 cameras on their phones like what LG did with the V40 ThinQ (appalling name, we get it). The ThinQ gets a 12 MPx primary sensor at the back along with a 107 degrees wide-angle sensor and a 50mm equivalent zoom sensor. The story is similar at the front as well with an 8Mpx primary sensor and a 5 MPx wide angle shooter. There are only a handful more phones that use these many sensors like the Huawei P20 Pro which was amongst the first ones to start this trend of triple rear sensors.
But hold on if you though three rear facing camera sensors are a lot, look at the world's first quad rear camera phone, the Samsung A9 with four rear cameras (Mian camera, Wide angle, zoom and depth)
High refresh rate display
Razer debuted its first gaming phone the Razer phone almost a year ago and while it wasn't a standout in terms of design there was one feature that not a single phone in the market at that time (and even today) possessed- a 120Hz refresh rate display. A high refresh rate display is common in gaming monitors that go all the way to 144 Hz and more but what's the use of it you may ask? Well, for gaming it means a far smoother game play, on your phone you can expect silky smooth animations and ultra smooth scrolling and app openings. Not just that the phone can dynamically adjust the refresh rate so as to conserve power during tasks like reading a web page where it can dial down all the way down to 20Hz.
Holographic display
Displays have improved over the years in terms of brightness, resolution, colors, viewing and more but there are few that have had something revolutionary. Way back in 2011 there were a couple of 3D display phones but the technology never caught on and most of them were shelved. But recently iconic camera manufacturer, Red decided to make a smartphone (The Red Hydrogen One) for movie makers that would pack a ton of kit from ergonomic design, high-end cameras, pogo pins for Moto Mods like attachments and a Holographic display. The Holographic display is what caught the fancy of many as it lets you watch 3D content without 3D glasses. From the few people who have had access to private demos of the phones describe it as something similar to R2-D2 projecting an image. While it sounds cool and almost science fiction like, how effective it is only time will tell.
Quad DAC and Headphone jack
2018 has been the year when most flagship phones ditched the age-old headphone jack for wireless and wired USB-c connectivity. Apple iPhone, the next generation OnePlus, Razer phone, Pixel 3 all lose out on the headphone jack but one manufacturer is firm about its commitment to the headphone jack and high-quality audio- LG. Long been a favorite of the audiophile community the LG flagship phones come with an excellent 32-bit Hi-Fi Quad DAC (balanced sound signature) with the Stereo Boombox Speaker with DTS:X 3D Surround Sound. Also, this time around the sound is tuned by Meridian Audio This makes it one of the few truly capable phones for great audio quality.
Super fast charging
OPPO Find X Automobile Lamborghini Edition is a limited edition version of the Oppo Find X and while it has the usual limited edition features like a high price tag, exotic materials and a lot of accessories, there is one really cool feature that is pretty unbelievable-Super VOOC Flash Charge. Building upon the VOOC charging in current Oppo phones the Super VOOC technology uses a 50W charger and two batteries to deliver an unbelievable charger rate. Taking around 35 minutes to juice up the 3400mAH from dead the Super VOOC is undoubtedly the fastest smartphone charging standard in the world.
Reversible wireless charging
While wireless charging is a common feature on most flagships, the Huawei Mate 20 Pro launched recently takes that feature a step forward with something called reversible wireless charging. With this, you can use you Mate 20 Pro to charge your mates iPhone or other devices that can be wireless charged. Despite your phone's battery being drained, you don't have to worry as the battery is a large 4200mAh unit which can be charged up to 70% in only 30 minutes.
These are some of the standout features, especially in today's smartphones. There are still many phones out there with quirky features like the Note 9's super capacitor powered stylus or the Moto Mods on the Moto Z lineup of phones and more. While phones of today are not as quirky as the phones of yester years, we do occasionally get something with unbelievable features. So, what are the unbelievable features you came across on a smartphone? Do let us know in the comments below.
Categories A to Z, Devices Tags android, battery, camera notch, CPU, fast charging, features, flagships, iphone, New, smartphones, the future Leave a comment


A 31-year-old Hyannis Massachusetts man has been arrested on charges that he allegedly raped two young children, ages 3 and 6 years old.
Police say that Kevin Ford sexually assaulted the two young children over this past year, and the incidents purportedly had occurred more than once.
It looks like police stepped in just in time, because according to this article Ford was planning on leaving Massachusetts to either flee to Florida or perhaps Georgia.
Instead he is currently in jail awaiting $250,000 cash bail.
HE SHOUD STAY IN JAIL 4EVA AND PAY OR WHAT HE DID. THATS WHATS WRONG WIT TODAY WE SHOULD BE MORE WORRIED ABOUT PEOPLE LIKE HIM THEY TAKE OUR KIDS CHILDHOOD AWAY BUT YET OUR GOVERMENT DOESN'T CARE THEY LET PEOPLE LIKE HIM OUT EVERY DAY AND THEY KEEP OUR FAMILY IN JAIL FOR 30 40 YEARS FOR SELLING DRUGS WHEN PEOPLE WANT DRUGS OUR KIDS DONT ASK TO BE VIOLATED.
I am not Mrs Ford, but I know a few things in this case. How could they put him in jail after he "molested" her kids, she never said he did anything until AFTER he he was arrested for this case. So, she made it up!


Send me emails regarding latest news and offers from EagleView.
I would like to receive news and offers by email from carefully selected third parties.
Customers are advised not to disclose privacy information.


text:
Michigan members of Congress want to know what happens next in conflict with Iran
By Steve Carmody • Jan 3, 2020
Credit Caleb Fisher / Unsplash
Members of Michigan's congressional delegate want more information about what happens next after a military strike this week that killed a top Iranian general.
President Donald Trump says the targeted killing of Iranian Gen. Qassem Soleimani was ordered because he was "plotting to kill" many Americans. Trump said Friday in his first comments on the killing of the head of Iran's elite Quds Force, that Soleimani was also responsible for killing and wounding "thousands" of Americans and many more in the region.
The deadly U.S. strike in Iraq marked a major escalation in the conflict between Washington and Iran. Iran has vowed "harsh retaliation."
After the military strike, Rep. Bill Huizenga (R-Zeeland) tweeted "The actions taken by the Trump Administration demonstrate that the United States will hold Iran, the world's leading state sponsor of terror, accountable."
Other Michigan Republicans agreed.
Rep. Fred Upton (R-St. Joseph) tweeted that "For some time now, Iran has been poking the bear and had to expect that there would be a consequence." Upton says he looks forward to hearing more from the administration next week when Congress returns to Washington.
While agreeing Soleimani was linked to violence against Americans, Michigan Democrats express concern about what happens next.
Rep. Elissa Slotkin (D-Holly) is a former CIA analyst and Shia militia expert who served three tours in Iraq focusing on Iranian-backed militias.
"I watched friends and colleagues get hurt or killed by Iranian rockets, mortars and explosive devices that were provided to Iraqi proxies and used against U.S. forces under Soleimani's guidance," Slotkin said in a written statement.
"What always kept both Democratic and Republican presidents from targeting Soleimani himself was the simple question: Was the strike worth the likely retaliation, and the potential to pull us into protracted conflict? The two administrations I worked for both determined that the ultimate ends didn't justify the means. The Trump Administration has made a different calculation," added Slotkin.
Slotkin says the president should seek Authorization for the Use of Military Force from Congress before escalating further with Iran.
Rep. Dan Kildee (D-Flint Township) is concerned members of Congress were not consulted before this week's military strike.
"The American people are owed a plan by the administration on how the President plans to deescalate this dangerous situation and prevent this attack from spiraling into greater conflict that could result in more American casualties or troop deployments," says Kildee.
Rep. Andy Levin (D-Bloomfield Township) says war with Iran can still be averted.
"I do not accept that we are at war with Iran because the congress has not said so," says Levin. "That's who declares war under our constitution."
Levin wants Congress to act next week on his legislation to clarify the law governing Authorization for the Use of Military Force.
Want to support reporting like this? Consider making a gift to Michigan Radio today.
Bill Huizenga
Fred Upton
Dan Kildee
elissa slotkin
Andy Levin
Levin: "There is no purpose for war with Iran"
Michigan Congressman Andy Levin joined a group of interfaith leaders in Detroit on Monday to protest against the idea of war with Iran.
Levin (D-9th District), an Oakland County Democrat and Jewish leader, stood alongside Muslim and Christian leaders at Central United Methodist Church to denounce a possible war, saying it would be both morally unjustified and strategically disastrous.
Stabenow: U.S. Senate may debate Congress' role in military conflict with Iran
By Steve Carmody & The Associated Press • Jun 23, 2019
Michigan's senior U.S. senator says Congress' role in a potential military conflict with Iran may be debated on the U.S. Senate floor this week.
Tensions between the U.S. and Iran have been rising.
Last week, Iran shot down a U.S. spy drone. President Trump says he authorized and later cancelled a retaliatory strike. The U.S. did launch a cyber-attack against Iranian military computer systems.


The Lester B Pearson School Board is one of the largest school boards on the island of Montreal and one of the nine English school boards in the province of Quebec.
The Lester B Pearson School Board is responsible for English public school from Verdun through the West Island and Ile Perrot and ''mainland'' territories stretching west to the Ontario boarder.
Lester B. Pearson School Board has 36 elementary schools and 13 secondary schools. . We deliver a rigorous academic curriculum in a structured environment. Each of our schools is dedicated to striving for educational excellence and to preparing students for full and active participation in Canadian, Quebec and global society. We place a high importance on helping our student to become more knowledgeable, more self-directed, and more self-disciplined. We offer excellent services in all of secondary schools.
The Lester B. Pearson School Board offers a variety of vocational/career programs to its International students within its 8 Adult and Vocational Training centers easily accessible by city buses. Entrance requirement is a minimum score of 5.0 IELTS or an equivalent score from a recognized program or institution.
Montreal is the largest city in Quebec. Predominantly French-speaking. It's set on an island in the Saint Lawrence River and named after Mt. Royal, the triple-peaked hill at its heart. Its 19 boroughs, many of which were once independent cities, include neighborhoods from cobblestoned, French colonial Vieux-Montréal – with imposing Notre-Dame Basilica at its center – to industrial Sud-Ouest and artist-friendly Plateau. The area is 365.1 km2 and the population is 1.65 million (2011). Montreal is also known for its sports teams: Montreal Canadian (hockey), Montreal Impact (soccer), Montreal Alouettes (football) and Montreal Shamrocks (lacrosse).
International students may choose to live in residence while attending classes in schools of the Lester B. Pearson School Board or opting for homestay. The Lester B. Pearson School Board is associated with Canada Homestay Network (please visit their website at http://www.canadahomestayinternational.com).
Dormitory residences are located inside the Lester B. Pearson School Board International Language Centre. Students are provided with private rooms and are supervised by resident program supervisors. Supervisors are responsible for meal preparation, laundry assistance, activity organization and student supervision.
Each bedroom is equipped with one single bed, dresser, night stand (small dresser), one desk chair, desk lamp, wireless access to internet and waste paper basket .The living area or common space has two couches, table with chairs, TV and a private locker for each student. There is 24 hour security which provides for a safe secure environment for the students.
Dormitory living contributes to our learning community. Living in the dormitory allows the student to enjoy common activities. Students will be challenged to learn more about themselves and the world around them. These experiences enables students to become educated, open-minded, mature people who are connected to and care about the world in which they live.
We offer many different models and designs to meet the diverse needs of our international students. In each of our secondary schools, we provide a wide variety of Program offerings. Students are encouraged to participate in academic, athletic, leadership and student governance activities.
In our vocational centers, activities are organized in each of our centers and students are encouraged to participate. Vocational centers are easily accessible by city buses.


Wenzel's was established in 1975 and has since become a favourite for locals in the North West London, Beds, Bucks and Hertfordshire areas.
We are currently expanding the brand and hope to have an additional 20 shops in the near future. We believe in delivering quality products at affordable prices and of course delivering them with outstanding customer service.
We are looking for exciting new energetic talent with a passion for food and customer service to join our team.
You will be required to serve customers, prepare fresh ingredients and produce sandwiches, baguettes and other food products in line with our standards and assist with the day to day running of the shop.
Receive and check daily deliveries.
Assisting with the management of branch stock and produce.
Have excellent knowledge and understanding of products.
Preparation of food in line with the specification.
Food and produce quality control.
Cash handling, and till operation.
Previous experience in retail and food handling is advantageous however not essential as full ongoing training will be provided.
Successful candidates must be flexible and be able to work weekends if required .Shift patterns will vary according to the stores trading hours. A typical Wenzel's store opens at 7am and closes at 6pm but some stores do vary.


Anyone who hikes with the boys and I are always amazed at some of my dog's trail tricks, their favorite being "on a rock". My friend Ann Bond does this with her dogs and when I saw it years ago, a lightbulb went off for me. "What a great focus tool" I thought to myself. At the time I had newly adopted Mick and he had a very strong prey drive. So I started using the "on a rock" trick to focus Mick onto me, and it worked!
Mick on a rock in his youth.
I incorporated this trick into my Trail Class that I taught and everyone loved it and the dogs really loved it. For Mick, when he is getting on rocks and waiting for me, I know he is "with me". If he is in his hunting mode and seeking things in the forest and not getting on rocks when I ask him, then he goes on leash until he can focus again.
Romeo just loves the trail trick and jumps on about 50 rocks in an hour hike, of which I will only reward 8-10, but he still tries, he thinks "is this one good enough for a treat". When I do give him a treat he is so joyful.
Goal: When you are out and about, you say your word for the behavior point or show your dog which object you want them onto, your dog jumps up onto something like a rock, log or a bench. You deliver a treat and then release with your release word.
Minnie, Mick & Romeo on a favorite log near Durango.
Why it's a good behavior: Your dog is focused on you when you are outside. He is looking for the next object to jump onto. It's fun! It will make you laugh! It's very engaging for you and your dog, deepening your relationship. It makes you interesting on the trail. Your dog will focus on you rather than dogs, people or wildlife. The trick is great for picture taking. The reasons are endless, but I guarantee, you and your dog will love it.
1. Lure your dog with a moist, tiny treat up onto a rock that he can jump onto. Not too high, you don't want shoulder injuries.
2. As he/she gets on the rock, say your word "rock" (call it anything you want, just be consistent).
4. Respond with glee when they are on the object.
5. When your dog is proficient in getting onto rocks, you can work on sits, downs, stand, stay on flat surfaces. It's really fun!
6. Use your release word, "okay" or whatever you use to get off the rock.
7. If your dog gets into the game and begins to offer the behavior a lot (like Mick & Romeo), begin to only reward the really good ones or only the ones that you asked for, your call.
8. I set some criteria for rewards. You set your own, here are mine. If you make me laugh, you definitely get a treat. Individuality gets a great. If you are balanced like you are on a ball, you definitely get a treat. If you have been distracted and now are focused and on a rock, you have earned a treat. If you waited for me to take a photo (this happens a lot), you have earned a treat. Like I said, you set your own criteria for your dog.
9. If your dog keeps upping the ante, like getting higher and higher, help them down and do not reward these high places. I've encountered that with my dogs. Only reward safe places.
10. When I'm not going to treat a dog on a rock, I just say "good rock" "let's go".
11. You can use "rock" to get your dogs off to the side of the trail when people or bikes are coming. It's a great way to distract your dog from anything that you need to, other dogs, people, noises, bikes, bears, deer.
12. The photo opportunities are endless!!!
13. Downside, your dog might want to jump on tables. You might not encourage picnic tables. Uh, oh, I have this problem!
14. Use one word for getting on to things. Mine is rock, so if I want them to jump onto a log, the cue word is still "rock".
15. Here is the next step of the trick. If you have a "wait" or "stay" try this: Once your dog had conquered the "rock" trick, now have him "wait" on the rock, you go ahead 10-20 steps, then release and call him/her to you. My dogs go crazy for this trick and now you are practicing three different things, rock, wait and come.
Romeo, Mick & Minnie a few years back.
I hope you find some Adventure this week with your dog.
Take Your Dog Along, it's almost always more fun when you do.
Cool! I'll try these suggestions with my puppy. 😀 Thanks!
Linda, thanks for reading. The "rock" trick is super fun, hope you have fun with your dog with it.
Juliet, I love your instruction to "respond with glee". Reminds us how dogs are constantly responding to our emotions – if we're happy, they're happy….or excited, or nervous, or mad.


Quiz & Worksheet - Closed Form Poetry | Study.com Which of the following is an example of a closed form poem that does not have a set rhyme scheme?
[email protected]: A Rhyme, a Rhyme, and Just in Time. A Rhyme, a Rhyme, and Just in Time.


text:
News > Latest Research News > Beliefs About Uncommitted Sex May Put Marriages at Risk
Beliefs About Uncommitted Sex May Put Marriages at Risk
Marital Conflict
Personality/Social
An individual's premarital views about uncommitted sex may make it more difficult to remain blissfully married, according to research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. The research outlines several factors that can contribute to a marriage's long-term happiness or dissolution, including one big red flag: An individual's behaviors and attitudes about uncommitted sexual relationships even before the marriage.
"Marital satisfaction generally declines over time," said Juliana French, a Florida State University doctoral student and first author on the study. "But what we've found is that when, prior to their marriage, one or both spouses hold generalized beliefs that uncommitted sex is okay, that can contribute to the failure of a marriage."
French, along with fellow graduate student Emma Altgelt and Assistant Professor Andrea Meltzer, collected and analyzed data from 204 heterosexual, newly married couples. They collected information on their behaviors and attitudes prior to marriage as well as numerous factors related to their new marriages including their marital satisfaction.
Over the course of several years, researchers followed up with couples to collect information about their marital satisfaction and catalogued data on which couples separated or filed for divorce.
"We're generally interested in factors that predict the development of marriage over time and what contributes to marital success," French said.
In this study, the researchers focused on the degree to which people expressed "unrestricted sociosexual" behaviors, desires, and attitudes prior to marriage, which indicated they were more likely to engage in uncommitted sexual relationships such as one-night stands and generally believed that sex without love is okay.
Of the couples involved in the study, people who were relatively unrestricted were less satisfied at the start of their marriages; moreover, people who had relatively unrestricted partners experienced more rapid declines in satisfaction over the first several years of marriage, which ultimately predicted dissolution.
"What we found most surprising about these results was the fact that both couple members' sociosexuality play an important role in long-term, marital outcomes," French said.
The study doesn't weigh in on whether unrestricted sociosexuality is a negative or positive trait, French said. In fact, there were some contexts in which researchers found that it did not affect the marriage.
"We found evidence suggesting that couples who maintain a consistent, satisfying sexual relationship or couples who maintain low levels of stress are buffered against these negative outcomes," French said.
All materials have been made publicly available via the Open Science Framework. This article has received the badge for Open Materials.
Charlene September 13, 2019
Go Juliana! Go Emma! Go Dr. Meltzer!
Woohoo! FSU REPRESENT!
For a copy of the research article and access to other Psychological Science research findings, please contact:
APS Fellow Jennifer Richeson Named to White House Science Council
The Yale psychology professor has been appointed to an influential group charged with directly advising the president and the White House on science, technology, and innovation.
The Uplift of Strangers: More Reasons to Dose Up on "Vitamin S"
Research points to three broad reasons why people need social contact with strangers, or"Vitamin S."
Scaling Up Savings: More Targeted Policies Could Help the Hardest Hit
Too many Americans can't afford an emergency expense. Psychological science can help.


TOPS Fixed Blade Knives are guaranteed to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for life. * Please continue to read information on terms and conditions of this warranty.
TOPS Folding Knives are guaranteed to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of five years from the date of original purchase.
TOPS Knives Sheaths are guaranteed to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of original purchase.
A copy of the original certificate of authenticity may be requested for warranty repair / replacement service for all fixed blade and folding knives. This is to verify you have a genuine TOPS Knife.
This warranty becomes null and void if the knife is abused.
Damage caused by throwing, prying, misuse, abuse, alterations, improper handling, neglect, accident, improper sharpening or normal wear.
Natural irregularities in genuine leather sheaths, or variations in the patterning/coloring of our Black River Wash or tumble finished knives.
Factory Seconds or Refurbished Blades.
In some cases, use of a hard baton to split wood, will qualify as misuse. We do not warranty use of any 1/8" or thinner knife for chopping / batoning.
Knives are high quality tools and as such are able to withstand rugged field use and conditions. However, it is incumbent upon the owner to ensure that the knife is secure in its sheath and that the use of the knife is restricted to prudent and applicable functions. The steel must be cared for to keep it free from contaminants or corrosive substances.
Any misuse of this knife other than to fulfill normal "knife-like" functions will result in voiding of this warranty. The Company reserves the right to make the final decision as to what is considered "fair use" or "abuse". Please contact us if you have any questions.
To receive warranty service, TOPS Knives requires proof of purchase or a copy of the original certificate of authenticity.
Please email info@topsknives.com to make a warranty claim or call our office at 208-542-0113.
TOPS will review your claim and provide an initial reply within 3 business days after receipt of the knife. Photos sent by email will expedite the claim process.
If approved, warranty coverage includes repair labor or, when applicable, a replacement product. Warranty will also cover return shipping charges for US Customers Only within the first 60 days after the purchase date (must provide proof of purchase date).
All International customers or claims are subject to shipping charges to and from TOPS.
Many TOPS Knives are made from a well known, and well used steel known as 1095 High Carbon Alloy. As a military choice its success for hard use field knives has been recorded for over a half century. For added toughness, we differentially heat treat all of our High Carbon Alloy Knives. The edge is hardened to 56-58 Rockwell, but the spine is left softer to prevent breakage. If misused, these knives may bend.
It is worthy of note that 1095 may stain and oxidize if intelligent and generally proper care are not used. Like any good tool it needs to be taken care of, in this care a good oil should be applied on any exposed (non powder coated areas), ie. around the laser engraving and the cutting edge and serrations or saw teeth, as it applies to your knife, regular maintenance is encouraged.
On models which are camouflaged by request, it is important to oil the entire blade area.
It is of course incumbent upon the user of the knife to be responsible to keep the blade clean and lubricated in which case a good quality rust inhibitor/oil may be used.
TOPS uses only the finest grade of hybrid epoxy / poly-powdercoating on its blades... this coating is baked on and the integrity of the coating will last for the lifetime of the blade... aggressive wear against very hard surface like metal will cause some scratching or marring of the surface as will some chemical agents. However, basically keeping it clean and using it for knife life functions, will insure continual use.
A free sharpening service is offered by the manufacturer which includes the blade edge, serrations and chain saw teeth, for the Original Purchaser ONLY. Should the working surface of your knife become marred or scored from heavy usage we will refinish it for you for a minimal charge. However, all shipping and handling charges are the responsibility of the owner.
Proper and reasonable care will ensure that your knife will last you a life-time... and then some!
Prices are subject to change at any time and some items are limited to stock on hand. We reserve the right to refuse to honor any incorrect Internet prices as we cannot account for the occasional human error. Questions can be directed to: info@topsknives.com. Copyright All content included on this site, such as text, graphics, logos, button icons, images, audio clips and software, is the property of TOPS KNIVES INC. or its content suppliers and protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. The compilation (meaning the collection, arrangement and assembly) of all content on this site is the exclusive property of TOPS KNIVES INC. and protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. Any other use, including the reproduction, modification, distribution, transmission, republication, display or performance, of the content on this site is strictly prohibited. Applicable Law This site is created and controlled by TOPS KNIVES INC. As such, the laws of the State of IDAHO will govern these disclaimers, terms and conditions, without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of laws. We reserve the right to make changes to our site and these disclaimers, terms and conditions at any time.
If this policy does not satisfy your needs expeditiously then you may call for faster service.


text:
World Spain's Pace of Coronavirus Deaths Slows, Easing of Lockdown Pondered
CoronavirusWorld
Spain's Pace of Coronavirus Deaths Slows, Easing of Lockdown Pondered
Monday, April 6, 2020 at 10:03 am | י"ב ניסן תש"פ
MADRID (Reuters) -
The A2 motorway is seen almost empty during the coronavirus disease outbreak in Madrid, Spain, March 30. (Reuters/Juan Medina)
Spain's pace of new coronavirus deaths slowed for the fourth day on Monday as the government contemplated a gradual easing of a lockdown in place since mid-March in the nation with the second highest death toll from the global pandemic.
As with worst-hit Italy, data in Spain is giving cause for hope the peak has passed. On Monday, it reported 637 fatalities in the previous 24 hours – a 5% increase in total and less than half the pace recorded a week earlier.
"The pandemic's growth rate is slowing down in almost every region," Maria Jose Sierra, deputy head of Spain's health emergency committee, said at a virtual news conference.
Exhausted, but less overwhelmed than a few days ago, doctors echoed her relief: "We have noticed a decline in the number of people coming to the hospital emergency ward," Christian Vigil, a doctor at Madrid's October 12 Hospital, told Reuters.
Madrid Clinical Hospital's head of emergencies, Juan Gonzalez, also spoke of a "drastic" drop in patients coming in.
Though Spaniards were daring to hope for an end to their torment, the overall body count was of course still rising and many were becoming frustrated at the lengthy lockdown.
Officials said for restrictions to be lifted, testing had to be widened beyond those suspected of having the COVID-19 disease and health workers, so as to find carriers who may have no symptoms or only very mild symptoms.
"We are in a new phase of the pandemic, where a reactivation of certain activities and sectors is possible but doesn't imply we are relaxing our attitude … We are studying the terms of this transition," said Transport Minister Jose Luis Abalos.
Spain has been in lockdown since March 14, with streets and famous tourist sites eerily silent.
Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said at the weekend that restrictions would remain in place until April 26, but he opened the door to easing some restrictions, such as keeping all non-essential workers at home.
Monday's data showed Spain's total cases up to 135,032, the highest in Europe and second in the world after the United States.
Surrounded by piles of new coffins ready for shipment and her face covered with a mask, Maria Chao told Reuters her Ataudes Chao coffin-making firm in Madrid had increased supplies "dramatically," by up to eight or 10 times during the crisis.
Yet, in a positive sign, checkpoints were lifted in Igualada and three other hard-hit towns in the northeastern Catalonia region, where there have been more than 100 deaths, the Health Ministry said.
China to Convene Congress, Showing Confidence in Virus Fight
How China Is Attempting to Prevent a Second Wave of Infections
EU Narrows Down Border List, U.S. Unlikely to Make the Cut
China Reports 17 New COVID-19 Cases, Including 14 in Beijing
Putin: Russia Approves First COVID-19 Vaccine