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InSight Peers Deep Below the Surface on Mars
December 1, 2021 by Susan Hall
The InSight lander has been on Mars, gathering data for a thousand days now, working to give us a better understanding of the planet's interior. It's at Elysium Planitia, the second largest volcanic region on Mars. A newly-published paper based on seismic data from the lander shows something unexpected underground: a layer of sediment sandwiched between layers of lava flows.
Much of InSight's media coverage has centred around the lander's Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3), also called the Mole. Its job was to measure the heat coming from the planet's interior to the surface. After an epic struggle to get the instrument working, NASA and the DLR ( German Aerospace Center) announced in January 2021 that the Mole's mission was over before it got started.
But the Mole isn't InSight's only instrument. Its other main science instrument is called the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS.) SEIS is working fine and has already delivered some solid science. This new paper rests on seismic data from SEIS.
The InSight Lander's seismometer underneath its protective wind and thermal shield. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
The new paper is titled "The shallow structure of Mars at the InSight landing site from inversion of ambient vibrations." It's published in the journal Nature Communications, and the authors are an international team of scientists.
The team used seismic data from InSight's SEIS lander to analyze the sub-surface structure at Elysium Planitia to a depth of 200 meters. Directly beneath the lander, they found a three-meter layer of sandy material that makes up the regolith. Beneath that, there's a 15-meter layer of material described as coarse, rocky ejecta. That material is debris from a meteorite impact, thrown up into the air before falling back to Mars.
Then it gets interesting.
Below the ejecta layer, InSight found a 150-meter region of layered basaltic material made of solidified lava. That layer is in line with expectations. But there's something unexpected between the basaltic rock. Between 30 to 75 meters, there's a "seismic low-velocity zone" that the team interpreted as a layer of less dense sedimentary material.
This figure from the paper shows the near-surface region under the InSight Lander. The left and center panels show what different models predicted. Reference models 1 and 2 are pre-landing models. ML and MAP stand for Maximum Likelihood and Maximum A Posteriori models, and the grey lines are an ensemble of all the models. On the right is the authors' interpretation of the seismic data. See the study for more detail. Image Credit: Hobiger et al 2021.
InSight has made progress probing Mars' deeper planetary structure, and it's studied the shallow subsurface to a depth of 10 to 20 meters. But it hasn't studied the first few tens or hundreds of meters before. This data is helping build a detailed model of the near-surface region that will help explain the formation of Elysium Planitia.
InSight's mission focuses on the Martian sub-surface, so it landed at Elysium Planitia, which is relatively flat and featureless. It's not easy landing a spacecraft on Mars, which made it a safer spot to land. Still, the lander is near the border of two regions: the ancient southern heavily cratered highlands and low-standing younger, smoother northern plains.
There is a sharp distinction between Mars' younger northern plains and its much older southern highlands. This distinction is known as the Martian Dichotomy, and it's one of the planet's enduring mysteries. The region between the two types of geography is also quite complex, and scientists hope that InSight can help build a stronger understanding of what's going on there. Three competing hypotheses explain the Martian Dichotomy: the single impact hypothesis, the multiple impact hypothesis, and the plate tectonics hypothesis.
The InSight Lander is at Elysium Planitia, in the border region between the younger Northern Lowlands and the older Southern Highlands. Image Credit: MOLA map: NASA / JPL / GSFC. Map by Emily Lakdawalla.
By studying the near-surface region, InSight should help scientists "…understand the stratigraphy and the role of volcanism as well as sedimentation in the transition zone…" between the older and younger areas.
The researchers wanted to date the shallow lava flows, and for that, they turned to crater counts. On a basic level, the more craters there are, the older the surface area is. An area with fewer craters must be younger. Scientists use this basic fact to date rocks. Also, when a crater is deeper, it allows scientists to date the deeper rock, and the reverse is true for shallower craters.
The team was able to date the pair of solidified lava flows that sandwich the sedimentary layer. They found that the shallower lava layer is about 1.7 billion years old when Mars was in its Amazonian Period. The deeper layer is about 3.6 billion years old, from Mars' Hesperian period when the planet was undergoing widespread volcanic activity. The authors think that the sedimentary layer is either between the basaltic layers or embedded within the deeper, older layer.
Artist's impression: The InSight lander is in Homestead Hollow, a small impact crater. The seismometer SEIS used in this study is the light-coloured hemisphere on the ground in front of the lander. The ground beneath it consists of a sandy regolith layer on top of alternate layers of sediments (yellow-orange colours) and basaltic rocks, i.e. former lava flows (brown colours). Image Credit: University of Cologne.
This study is the first time scientists have compared Mars' near-surface region to models mainly based on remote data. InSight data shows that there's additional layering and more porous rocks.
One of the paper's authors is Dr. Knapmeyer-Endrun from the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Cologne. In a press release, she said, "While the results help to better understand the geological processes in Elysium Planitia, comparison with pre-landing models is also valuable for future landed missions since it can help to refine predictions." A better understanding of the load-bearing conditions and travelling conditions for rovers will help with planning. It may also help locate sub-surface water ice.
Seismic study on Mars is different than on Earth. Scientists can probe the structure here on Earth by sending seismic signals into the ground and reading how they bounce back to sensors. But on Mars, the SEIS instrument reads ambient vibrations. Those ambient vibrations come from interactions between the wind and the planet's surface. But the thin atmosphere, the lower solar irradiation, and the lack of oceans make the ambient vibrations much weaker than here on Earth.
The InSight lander has been on Mars since November 26th, 2018. Its mission length was set at 709 sols but has reached 1070 sols. The lander is solar-powered, so it could conceivably last much longer. InSight stands for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport. It's a joint mission between NASA and European space agencies, most notably Germany's DLR.
Susan Hall
Passionné d'internet incurable. Experte en télévision. Amateur de bacon indépendant. Érudit de Twitter. Accro au café. Nerd des médias sociaux.
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Medical Physicists are responsible for applying physics and technology in order to research, develop, maintain and operate technical instruments, equipment, techniques, procedures and treatment programmes used in the field of medicine. Medical Physicists collaborate with doctors and other medical professionals to apply physical science and technology for the benefit of patients. They research, develop and maintain specialist equipment and instruments that can be used for diagnosis, medical interventions and treatment programmes. Medical Physicists usually have a grounding in physics or (less commonly) in engineering whilst also having a sound knowledge of mathematics and computer science. Medical Physicists work towards a broad range of medical needs, but there is a particular relationship between the fields of medical physics, radiology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. Research into new techniques or equipment forms a large part of the job. Medical Physicists are also responsible for developing protocol in relation to technical procedures and equipment and for delivering training to other medical professionals.
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The NHS is the biggest employer of Medical Physicists and there are also many job opportunities in private hospitals. Less common, but still significant employers in the field are universities, medical equipment manufacturing companies, government agencies, research-based organisations and companies that deal with radioactive material.
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Gareth Iball is 33 years old and has been practicing as a Medical Physicist at Leeds General Infirmary for eleven years. He gives us the inside story … I completed a degree in Physical Science at Newcastle University and then spent a year doing various part-time jobs in Doncaster before I got a Medical Physics training post with the Leeds Teaching Hospital's NHS Trust through the IPEM's national training scheme. The training scheme was based within the Medical Physics Department at Leeds General Infirmary where I have been ever since! A typical day as a Medical Physicist can be quite varied. Most Medical Physicists specialise in a particular area of work and my main role is in the quality assurance of X-Ray systems, specifically CT (computerised tomography) scanners. I spend a lot of time testing the hospital's CT scanners and then analysing and reporting on the data. I also do a lot of work in radiation protection, making sure that patients, staff and the public are not exposed to too much radiation. In 2009 I was selected to be a Yorkshire Enterprise Fellow which gave me the opportunity to spend time developing a special new shielding device for use during CT scans, which is now a commercially available product. This was a very exciting process to be involved in. I also get involved with some research studies and have just taken on a new role for one day per week providing scientific support to a new imaging technique in Leeds. The job also gives the opportunity to attend and present research findings at conferences relating to the field – earlier in the year I even attended a conference in the US to talk about the radiation protection device that I had helped develop, which was a great perk! I really like the variety the job brings, especially now that I am involved in research alongside my main role. The department has a really great team of people which makes it an enjoyable environment to work in most of the time. I also enjoy the process of problem solving and finally arriving at a solution after hours, days, weeks or sometimes even months of work! The things I like least are the general difficulties that exist within the NHS such as financial constraints that make it hard to do the job well. There are good possibilities for career progression as a Medical Physicist – the next step on the ladder for me will be further research work or more managerial responsibility. I am already responsible for managing a student in the department, which I really enjoy. To anyone wanting to do this job I would advise that they get some work experience if possible – preferably in a Medical Physics Department of a hospital - and then go for it! The Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) is also a useful body to contact for further information.


Mozart was the first major composer to compose a clarinet concerto, but Weber runs a close second. Written a generation after Mozart, Weber's two clarinet conceri hold a similar place in the repertoire.
Clarinetist Alexander Fiterstein brings out those similarities in this new recordings. His liquid tone and precise intonation bring a classical elegance to these works -- a touch Mozart might appreciate.
Yet Fiterstein nimbly leaps about, almost dancing with the music. Perhaps its appropriate then, that he should be accompanied by a ballet orchestra, then. The San Francisco Ballet Orchestra, directed by Martin West provide a light and transparent ensemble sound that further strengthen the similarities between Mozart and Weber.
That's not to say these are pretty performances. Fiterstein and company provide plenty of drama and weight when required to -- especially in the second concerto. On the whole, appealing and inviting performances of these familiar works.


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Justia Regulation Tracker Department Of The Interior Land Management Bureau Notice of Realty Action: Reacreation and Public Purposes (R&PP) Act Classification of Public Lands in Clark County, NV, 43704-43705 [05-14947]
Notice of Realty Action: Reacreation and Public Purposes (R&PP) Act Classification of Public Lands in Clark County, NV, 43704-43705 [05-14947]
Download as PDF 43704 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 144 / Thursday, July 28, 2005 / Notices of airborne asbestos fibers present during various recreation activities. This action is also in accordance with the 1995 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) and Resource Management Plan Amendment for the CCMA. The soil moisture during the time period of June through October is at the lowest point and therefore the dust generating potential and release of naturally occurring airborne asbestos is greatest. Analysis of airborne asbestos exposure reflected in EPA's Technical Memorandum issued February 5, 2005, titled ''Human Health Risk Assessment ''Asbestos Air Sampling Clear Creek Management Area, California,'' based on samples collected September 15, 2004, indicate a higher risk from airborne asbestos exposure in CCMA than EPA and BLM previously thought. Based on preliminary EPA results, use restrictions in CCMA may be needed to reduce risk to the public from asbestos exposure, particularly during the dry season. Closure Order: Pursuant to 43 CFR 8364.1, notice is hereby given that the BLM is seasonally restricting access to portions of public lands within the Clear Creek Management Area (CCMA) located in the southern portion of San Benito County and western Fresno County, California. A closure order to this effect was signed on May 25, 2005. All public access, including motorized and nonmotorized recreation use is restricted on public lands within the Serpentine ACEC from June 4, 2005 through October 15, 2005. These lands are located in the Mount Diablo Meridian in portions of T.17 S., R. 11 E.; T. 17 S., R. 12 E.; T. 18 S., R 11 E.; T. 18 S., R. 12 E.; T. 18 S., R. 13 E.; T. 19 S., R. 13 E. This seasonal closure is necessary to ensure visitor safety and protect public land users from potential health risks associated with naturally occurring asbestos found within the restricted area. Dry soil conditions and high dust generating potential from public use activities during this time period create a significant hazard and risk associated with exposure to asbestos. Except for travel on San Benito County roads, all public access and motorized vehicle travel will be allowed only by written authorization of the Hollister Field Manager. The following persons are exempt from the identified restrictions: (1) Federal, State, or local law enforcement officers, while engaged in the execution of their official duties. (2) BLM personnel or their representatives while engaged in the execution of their official duties. VerDate jul<14>2003 13:40 Jul 27, 2005 Jkt 205001 (3) Any member of an organized rescue, fire-fighting force, or emergency medical services organization while in the performance of their official duties. (4) Any member of a federal, state, or local public works department while in the performance of an official duty. (5) Any person in receipt of a written authorization of exemption obtained from the authorized officer from the Hollister Field Office. (6) Private landowners with inholdings within the restricted area who have a responsibility or need to access their property, and persons with valid existing rights-of-way or lease operations, or representatives thereof. During the closure period, the area will be clearly posted. Closure signs are posted at main entry points to all locations affected by this Notice. Maps of the area are posted with this notice at key locations that provide access into the closure areas, and may be obtained with further information at the Hollister Field Office, 20 Hamilton Court, Hollister, California 95023. Seasonal closure orders may be implemented as provided in 43 CFR, subpart 8364.1. Violations of this closure are punishable by a fine not to exceed $1,000 and/or imprisonment not to exceed 12 months. May 25, 2005. Robert E. Beehler, Field Manager. [FR Doc. 05–14936 Filed 7–27–05; 8:45 am] Questions on Written Reports from BLM Field Managers; Field Office Rangeland Resource Team proposals; Reports by the Standards and Guidelines, Recreation, Off-Highway Vehicle Use, Public Relations, Land Use Planning and Tenure, and Wild Horse and Burro Working Groups; Reports from RAC members; and Discussion of future meetings. A public comment period will be provided at 11 a.m. on August 23, 2005 for any interested publics who wish to address the Council. On August 24, the RAC will tour several public land areas in the Safford Field Office. BLM will highlight the San Simon Watershed Project, Hotwell Dunes Off-Highway Vehicle Area, and some of the areas paleontological resources. The tour will be conducted from approximately 6 a.m. to 1 p.m. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Deborah Stevens, Bureau of Land Management, Arizona State Office, 222 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85004–2203, (602) 417–9215. Carl Rountree, Acting Arizona State Director. [FR Doc. 05–14926 Filed 7–27–05; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4310–32–M DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [NV–050–5853–ES; N–79030] DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Notice of Realty Action: Reacreation and Public Purposes (R&PP) Act Classification of Public Lands in Clark County, NV Bureau of Land Management AGENCY: BILLING CODE 4310–40–P [AZ–910–0777–XP–241A] State of Arizona Resource Advisory Council Meeting Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Arizona Resource Advisory Council Meeting notice. AGENCY: SUMMARY: This notice announces a meeting and tour of the Arizona Resource Advisory Council (RAC). The business meeting will beheld on August 23, 2005, in Safford, Arizona, at the Manor House located at 415 E. Highway 70 in Safford. It will begin at 9:30 a.m. and conclude at 4:30 p.m. The agenda items to be covered include: Review of the May 3, 2005 Meeting Minutes; BLM State Directors' Update on Statewide Issues; Presentations on the Gila Watershed Council, San Simon Watershed, Arizona Land use Planning Updates, Saginaw Hill Update; and RAC PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice of realty action. SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has examined and found suitable for classification for lease or conveyance under the provisions of the Recreation and Public Purposes Act (R&PP), as amended (43 U.S.C. 869 et seq.) approximately 5 acres of public land in Clark County, Nevada. The church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS Church) proposes to use the land for a church and related facilities. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sharon DiPinto, Bureau of Land Management, Las Vegas Field Office, at (702) 515–5062. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On September 2, 2004 the LDS Church filed a R&PP application for 5 acres of public land to be developed as a church with related facilities. These related facilities included a multipurpose building (a worship center, offices, classrooms, E:\FR\FM\28JYN1.SGM 28JYN1 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 144 / Thursday, July 28, 2005 / Notices nursery, kitchen, restrooms, utility/ storage rooms and a lobby) with sidewalks, landscaped areas, paved parking areas, and off site improvements. The LDS Church is a qualified nonprofit entity. Additional detailed information pertaining to this application, plan of development, and site plans is on file in case file N–79030 located in the BLM Las Vegas Field Office. The LDS Church proposes to use the following described public land for a church and related facilities: Mount Diablo Meridian, Nevada T. 23 S., R. 61 E., Sec. 11: N1⁄2SE4NW4SE4 Containing 5 acres, more or less. Churches are a common applicant under the ''public purposes'' provision of the R&PP Act. The LDS Church is an IRS registered non-profit organization and is therefore, a qualified applicant under the R&PP Act. The lease/conveyance is consistent with current Bureau planning for this area and would be in the public interest. The lease/patent, when issued, will be subject to the provisions of the Recreation and Public Purposes Act and applicable regulations of the Secretary of the Interior, and will contain the following reservations to the United States: 1. A right-of-way thereon for ditches or canals constructed by the authority of the United States, Act of August 30, 1890 (43 U.S.C. 945). 2. All minerals shall be reserved to the United States, together with the right to prospect for, mine and remove such deposits from the same under applicable law and such regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe and will be subject to: 1. An easement in favor of Clark County for roads, public utilities and flood control purposes. 2. All valid existing rights documented on the official public land records at the time of lease/patent issuance. ADDRESSES: Send written comments to the Field Manager, Las Vegas Field Office, 4701 N. Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89130. Detailed information concerning this action is available for review at the office of the Bureau of Land Management, Las Vegas Field Office, 4701 N. Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89130–2301. On July 28, 2005, the land described below will be segregated from all other forms of appropriation under the public land laws, including the general mining laws, except for lease/conveyance under the Recreation and Public Purposes Act, leasing under the mineral leasing laws VerDate jul<14>2003 13:40 Jul 27, 2005 Jkt 205001 and disposals under the mineral material disposal laws. Interested parties may submit comments regarding the proposed lease/conveyance or classification of the lands until September 12, 2005. Classification Comments Interested parties may submit comments involving the suitability of the land for a church meeting house. Comments on the classification are restricted to whether the land is physically suited for the proposal, whether the use will maximize the future use or uses of the land, whether the use is consistent with local planning and zoning, or if the use is consistent with State and Federal programs. Application Comments Interested parties may submit comments regarding the specific use proposed in the application and plan of development, whether the BLM followed proper administrative procedures in reaching the decision, or any other factor not directly related to the suitability of the land for R&PP use. Any adverse comments will be reviewed by the State Director. In the absence of any adverse comments, the classification of the land described in this notice will become effective September 26, 2005. The lands will not be offered for lease/conveyance until after the classification becomes effective. Authority: 43 CFR 2741. Sharon DiPinto, Assistant Field Manager, Division of Lands, Las Vegas, NV. [FR Doc. 05–14947 Filed 7–27–05; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4310–HC–P DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [NM–070–1430–EQ; NMNM111685] Notice of Realty Action; Commercial Lease on public land, San Juan County, NM Bureau of Land Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice of realty action. AGENCY: SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has determined that a 100.53 acre tract of public land in San Juan County, New Mexico, is available for use as a poultry-production farm. Pursuant to the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, a noncompetitive lease application for a use of this kind will be accepted for PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 43705 processing and given careful consideration by the BLM. DATES: Interested persons may submit comments in writing to the BLM at the address given below on or before September 12, 2005. ADDRESSES: Bureau of Land Management, Field Office Manager, Farmington Field Office, 1235 La Plata Highway, Suite A, Farmington, New Mexico 87401. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carol Balkus, at the address given above, or by telephone at: (505) 599– 6353. Nageezi Enterprises, a domestic corporation, has informally proposed in writing that the following described tract of public land, located near Bloomfield, New Mexico, be used, occupied and developed as a commercial, poultry-production farm: SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: New Mexico Principle Meridian T. 27 N., R. 11 W., Section 9, lots 1 and 4, and the NE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 Containing 100.53 acres, more or less. After review, the BLM has determined the proposed use of the above described tract of land is in conformance with the applicable BLM land use plan, i.e., the Farmington Resource Management Plan, and that the above described land is available for that use. Therefore, pursuant to section 302 (b) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1732 (b)) and the implementing regulations at 43 CFR part 2920, the BLM will accept for processing an application to be filed by Nageezi Enterprises, or its duly qualified designee, for a noncompetitive lease of the above described tract of land, to be used and occupied as stated above. A non-competitive lease will be employed in this case because the lease is proposed within a checkerboard land pattern next to the Navajo Nation farm with intermingled land ownership which is primarily managed for Navajo interests. There is no known competitive interest. Water and feed for the poultry farm are provided by the Navajo farm at a significant discount to the corporation since the corporation is a joint venture by Navajo chapter members from Nageezi and Huerfano chapters. Land use authorizations may be offered on a negotiated, noncompetitive basis, when in the judgment of the authorized officer equities, such as prior use of the lands, exist, no competitive interest exists or where competitive bidding would represent unfair competitive and economic disadvantage to the originator of the E:\FR\FM\28JYN1.SGM 28JYN1
Land Management Bureau
[Federal Register Volume 70, Number 144 (Thursday, July 28, 2005)]
[FR Doc No: 05-14947]
[NV-050-5853-ES; N-79030]
Notice of Realty Action: Reacreation and Public Purposes (R&PP)
Act Classification of Public Lands in Clark County, NV
AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of realty action.
SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has examined and found
suitable for classification for lease or conveyance under the
provisions of the Recreation and Public Purposes Act (R&PP), as amended
(43 U.S.C. 869 et seq.) approximately 5 acres of public land in Clark
County, Nevada. The church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS
Church) proposes to use the land for a church and related facilities.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sharon DiPinto, Bureau of Land
Management, Las Vegas Field Office, at (702) 515-5062.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On September 2, 2004 the LDS Church filed a
R&PP application for 5 acres of public land to be developed as a church
with related facilities. These related facilities included a
multipurpose building (a worship center, offices, classrooms,
nursery, kitchen, restrooms, utility/storage rooms and a lobby) with
sidewalks, landscaped areas, paved parking areas, and off site
improvements. The LDS Church is a qualified nonprofit entity.
Additional detailed information pertaining to this application, plan of
development, and site plans is on file in case file N-79030 located in
the BLM Las Vegas Field Office.
The LDS Church proposes to use the following described public land
for a church and related facilities:
Mount Diablo Meridian, Nevada
T. 23 S., R. 61 E., Sec. 11: N\1/2\SE4NW4SE4
Containing 5 acres, more or less.
Churches are a common applicant under the ``public purposes''
provision of the R&PP Act. The LDS Church is an IRS registered non-
profit organization and is therefore, a qualified applicant under the
R&PP Act.
The lease/conveyance is consistent with current Bureau planning for
this area and would be in the public interest. The lease/patent, when
issued, will be subject to the provisions of the Recreation and Public
Purposes Act and applicable regulations of the Secretary of the
Interior, and will contain the following reservations to the United
1. A right-of-way thereon for ditches or canals constructed by the
authority of the United States, Act of August 30, 1890 (43 U.S.C. 945).
2. All minerals shall be reserved to the United States, together
with the right to prospect for, mine and remove such deposits from the
same under applicable law and such regulations as the Secretary of the
Interior may prescribe and will be subject to:
1. An easement in favor of Clark County for roads, public utilities
and flood control purposes.
2. All valid existing rights documented on the official public land
records at the time of lease/patent issuance.
ADDRESSES: Send written comments to the Field Manager, Las Vegas Field
Office, 4701 N. Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89130. Detailed
information concerning this action is available for review at the
office of the Bureau of Land Management, Las Vegas Field Office, 4701
N. Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89130-2301.
On July 28, 2005, the land described below will be segregated from
all other forms of appropriation under the public land laws, including
the general mining laws, except for lease/conveyance under the
Recreation and Public Purposes Act, leasing under the mineral leasing
laws and disposals under the mineral material disposal laws. Interested
parties may submit comments regarding the proposed lease/conveyance or
classification of the lands until September 12, 2005.
Classification Comments
Interested parties may submit comments involving the suitability of
the land for a church meeting house. Comments on the classification are
restricted to whether the land is physically suited for the proposal,
whether the use will maximize the future use or uses of the land,
whether the use is consistent with local planning and zoning, or if the
use is consistent with State and Federal programs.
Application Comments
Interested parties may submit comments regarding the specific use
proposed in the application and plan of development, whether the BLM
followed proper administrative procedures in reaching the decision, or
any other factor not directly related to the suitability of the land
for R&PP use.
Any adverse comments will be reviewed by the State Director. In the
absence of any adverse comments, the classification of the land
described in this notice will become effective September 26, 2005. The
lands will not be offered for lease/conveyance until after the
classification becomes effective.
Authority: 43 CFR 2741.
Sharon DiPinto,
Assistant Field Manager, Division of Lands, Las Vegas, NV.
[FR Doc. 05-14947 Filed 7-27-05; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-HC-P

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: EF -> RIA Services -> Silverlight, Can I show validation error messages but still Save changes I am using Entity Framework 4.0, RIA Services, and Silverlight 4.0.  I need the user to be able to save any changes regardless if they are correct or incomplete.  To do this I had to make a lot of fields in the database nullable.  I still want to be able to show validation error messages in the Silverlight client to the user.  What I would like to do is use DataAnnotations to attribute the entities metadata in Ria Services to get the nice validation error messages on the client but I need the user to be able to save even if it breaks validation.  Is this possible?  How would I go about implementing this?
Thanks,
Evan

A: In Silverlight there is no such thing as warnings-only Data Annotation Validators.  In ASP.NET you could get your intended outcome using a CustomValidator that was simply client-side JavaScript, but no such equivalent is present in Silverlight.  Your best bet is to program this logic into the form itself or create a custom control which allows you to decorate an existing control much in the way that the ToolTipService works.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Why am I getting an empty body as response from HTTP request Noe.js so I am trying to send a http request to a server and as response I should get the body where all the information I need is in. When I then try to .parseJSON() the body I get an exception telling me that my body is empty. There is no way that the body is really empty so there has to be a mistake in the code.
I can not give you the whole code because of passwords and stuff like that.
Code:
public addVehicle(): Promise<void>{
    return new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
        const options = {
            url: [URL],
            method: "POST",

            headers: {
                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                'Authorization': [user/psw],
                'token': [authToken]
            },
            body: JSON.stringify({
                'vehicleID': vehicleID,
                'externalID': externalID,
                'brandID': vehicleBrandId,
                'modelGroupID': vehicleModelId,
                'typeName': typeName,
                'segmentationID': vehicleSegmentationId,
                'categoryID': vehicleCategoryId,
                'fuelTypeID': vehicleFuelTypeId,
                'transmissionTypeID': vehicleTransmissionTypeId,
                'propulsionTypeID': vehiclePropulsionTypeId,
                'registerationDate': registerationDate,
                'powerKW': powerKW,
                'description': description
            })

          }

          let req = request.post(options, (err, res, body) => {
           let rawAuth = JSON.parse(body);
            console.log(body);

                resolve();

            })
    })
}

A: Try removing the JSON.stringify().
I am assuming that your receiving API expects the fields in the body. Sending the data as string will hide the fields from the receiving API. It will just see one string object (not sure what the key will be tho).
const options = {
            url: [URL],
            method: "POST",

            headers: {
                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                'Authorization': [user/psw],
                'token': [authToken]
            },
            body: {
                'vehicleID': vehicleID,
                'externalID': externalID,
                'brandID': vehicleBrandId,
                'modelGroupID': vehicleModelId,
                'typeName': typeName,
                'segmentationID': vehicleSegmentationId,
                'categoryID': vehicleCategoryId,
                'fuelTypeID': vehicleFuelTypeId,
                'transmissionTypeID': vehicleTransmissionTypeId,
                'propulsionTypeID': vehiclePropulsionTypeId,
                'registerationDate': registerationDate,
                'powerKW': powerKW,
                'description': description
            }
          }


12/10/2018 · Kill Bill Vol. 2 foreign box office results and release schedule.
Preview, buy and download high-quality music downloads of Zero (First Album) by Kill Bill G from 7digital Canada - We have over 30 million high quality tracks in our store.
Title: Kill Bill Volume 1 / Kill Bill Volume 2 DVD 2004 This is 100% Genuine product. Region: 2 Important: A lot of DVD players around now are region free – which play any DVD region.It completely depends on what DVD player you have. We actually have a number of regular customers based in the US, Canada and Australia who never have problems with our region 2 discs.
Find detailed information, trailers, latest news and showtimes about Kill Bill: Vol. 3 in Sinemia.com.
Find great deals on eBay for kill bill blu ray and kill bill blu ray steelbook. Shop with confidence. kill bill blu ray steelbook kill bill steelbook jackie brown blu ray. Refine. more Format Number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date. See each listing for international postage options and costs.
Title: Kill Bill – Volume 2 This is 100% Genuine product. Region: 2 Important: A lot of DVD players around now are region free – which play any DVD region.It completely depends on what DVD player you have. We actually have a number of regular customers based in the US, Canada and Australia who never have problems with our region 2 discs.
Preview, buy and download high-quality music downloads of Todas (Remastered) - EP by Kill Bill G from 7digital Canada - We have over 30 million high quality tracks in our store.
Kiss or Kill is a 1997 Australian thriller about two lovers and fugitives from the law who are pursued across the Australian Outback. Release date. 11 September 1997 () Running time. 96 minutes: Country: Australia: Language: Bill Bennett On His Latest, Kiss or Kill". Montreal Mirror.
Kill Bill Vol. 1 foreign box office results and release schedule.
Amazon Hot New Releases Our best-selling new and future releases. Updated hourly. Hardcover. $6.17. Release Date: December 24, 2018 #2. Girl, Stop Apologizing: A Shame-Free Plan for Embracing and Achieving Your Goals Rachel Hollis. Hardcover. $15.39. Release Date: March 12, 2019 #3.
160 results for dvd kill bill 1 2 From Australia; KILL BILL 1 & 2 Quentin Tarantino 2-Movie DVD Region 2 Uma Thurman. C $8.35 to C $11.94. Number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date. See each listing for international shipping options and costs.
903 results for kill bill blu ray Save kill bill blu ray to get e-mail alerts and updates on your eBay Feed. Unfollow kill bill blu ray to stop getting updates on your eBay Feed.
Kill la Kill (Japanese: 2014 release date but was moved up to November 17, 2014. In Australia and New Zealand, the series is licensed by Madman Entertainment, who simulcasted the series on Madman Screening Room, and later released the series digitally on AnimeLab.


text:
Thursday Roundup: Weekly Paper Shows Courage
By dyadmin On Jan 5, 2012 Last updated Jan 10, 2012
Shreveport Times
Stanley Nelson, editor of the Concordia Sentinel of Ferriday, Louisiana, and winner of the 2011 Tom and Pat Gish Award for courage and tenacity shown by a rural journalist.
Stanley Nelson and the Concordia Sentinel of Ferriday, Louisiana, have won the 2011 Tom and Pat Gish Award for courage, integrity and tenacity in rural journalism.
Nelson is editor of the Sentinel. He has written a series of stories investigating the 1964 killing of African-American businessman Frank Morris. Last year Nelson named a suspect in the case. A grand jury was convened and continues to investigate the crime.
A prosecutor on the case, David Oppeman, told James Rainey of the Los Angeles Times, "I told Stanley the other day he is the hub in this and everybody else is just a spoke. He did the work that needed to be done."
The award is given by the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues based at the University of Kentucky. It is named for Tom and Pat Gish, who operated The Mountain Eagle newspaper in Whitesburg, Kentucky. Tom Gish died in 2008, and the Eagle is now edited by their son Ben.
"The owners of the Concordia Sentinel never hesitated in following the story," Nelson wrote in the fall edition of Nieman Reports, of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University.
"While most readers read the stories with interest and outrage over what happened so many years ago, many of the most vocal were those who detested the coverage and who questioned our motives," Nelson told the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues.
"We knew some would be angered to read about the parish's ugly racial past," he wrote for Nieman Reports. "Some canceled subscriptions. We were threatened. Our office was burglarized. One irate reader called to find out my ultimate goal. 'To solve a murder,' I said. 'You can't do that,' she snapped. 'You're just a reporter!' She hung up. We pressed on."
• What was the key to Jimmy Carter's political success? Easy. It was square dancing and the square dance club he joined in 1953. It was support from dance club members that carried him to a very narrow victory in his first run for the state senate, Carter says.
"If I hadn't received support from our square-dancing friends, I would have lost and never become a state senator," he wrote in his latest book, Through the Years with Jimmy Carter. "And if that had occurred, I never would have run for office again."
• The L.A. Times reports that the number of HIV cases in the Navajo Nation is small, but increasing rapidly.
• Food Democracy Now! founder Dave Murphy goes on a rant about the failure of the Obama administration to follow through on campaign promises affecting rural America. For example:
Two months shy of the 2008 (Iowa) caucus, Obama boldly told a packed room of Iowa farmers and rural activists, "We'll tell ConAgra that it's not the Department of Agribusiness, it's the Department of Agriculture. We're going to put the people's interests ahead of the special interests." It was at this same event, the 2007 Food and Family Farm Presidential Summit, which I organized, that President Obama also famously promised to label GMO foods if elected. Instead, his administration has only approved new genetically engineered crops like they were new flavors of Chiclets.
• There will be a gathering of "movement conservatives" at a ranch near Brenham, Texas, Politico tells us. The goal is to unite behind a Republican candidate.
The group includes James Dobson, Focus on the Family founder; Don Wildmon with the American Family Association; and Gary Bauer.
We highly recommend the setting. That part of Texas is beautiful; best, it's near the Blue Bell ice cream factory and the Antique Rose Emporium.
• The Food and Drug Administration took another small step yesterday to limit the use of antibiotics in livestock.
The FDA has been worried that widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture was leading to the birth of infections resistant to treatment. Since that time, the federal agency has engaged in on-and-off again efforts to limit the practice.
Wednesday, the FDA announced that farmers and ranchers must limit the use of cephalosporins (such as Cefzil and Kflex), drugs used to treat pneumonia, strep throat and skin and urinary tract infections.
Most observers see this as a very limited regulation.
• There's a corn seed shortage.
The Wall Street Journal reports that production of corn seed in the U.S. was down 25 percent to 50 percent ahead of this year's planting. The shortage of seed threatens what was expected to be the biggest planting of corn in the U.S. since World War II.
• Japanese farmers have been working the same land for 2,500 years, but fallout from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant is changing that, the Los Angeles Times reports.
"For the first time in my life I'm afraid of my own crops," said Fukuda, 60, a third-generation rice and vegetable farmer whose 50-acre spread sits a few miles from the ailing power plant. "Now we buy everything from the markets, grown far away from the reactor's reach."
Japanese farmers could also suffer if the country drops tariffs on imported rice (which can be as much as 800 percent). Recently, irate farmers drove tractors through Tokyo in protest.
Japan has 2.4 million farming households.
Speak Your Piece: Take Back the Skies
XL Pipeline's Unequal Treatment


text:
Atlantic Cod Video Stock Footage
In the western Atlantic Ocean, cod has a distribution north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and around both coasts of Greenland and the Labrador Sea in the eastern Atlantic, it is found from the Bay of Biscay north to the Arctic Ocean, including the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, Sea of the Hebrides, areas around Iceland and the Barents Sea. The largest individual on record was 1.8 m (6 ft) long and weighed 96 kg (211 lb), but usually the cod is between 61 cm (24 in) and 1.2 m (4 ft) long and weighs up to 40 kg (88 lb). Males and females are similar in size and weight. Learn more about Atlantic Cod
View related species in family group: Cod and Hake
Animalia: Chordata: Gadiformes: Actinopterygii: Gadidae: Gadus morhua
Viewing 1 to 20 of 51 Atlantic Cod Video Clips
KI171010_0007
FG074_0099
FG17_144


What are the characteristics of successful reflective responding?
Home What are the characteristics of successful reflective responding?
Þ a greater emphasis on listening than on talking.
Þ responding to that which is personal rather than abstract.
Þ following the other in his exploration rather than leading him into areas we think we should be exploring.
Þ clarifying what the other has said about his own thoughts and feelings rather than close questioning, or telling him what we believe he should be thinking or feeling.
Þ responding to the other's feelings in his communication.
What is Jury of executive Opinion Sales forecast method?
What Is The Meaning of Retail?
What is active listening?What is Role reversal?


Means of information security, such as security policies or security education, training, and awareness programs, are suggested to enhance employees' information security behavior. We posit that at the same time, exactly those security measures may have a negative effect, if employees perceive them, for instance, as difficult to understand, time-consuming, or an invasion of their privacy. However, focusing on pure technostress, information systems (IS) research so far has neglected stress induced by means of information security, although, there is first insight on the relevance of security-related stress for IS management.
Therefore, in this research-in-progress, we employ the person-environment (PE) fit model to build on as well as expand the existing IS stress literature. We thereby develop a first comprehensive framework of security-related stress, which considers non-technological aspects of security-related stress of employees' work, personal, and social environment. In doing so, we propose a multidimensional second-order construct and conceptualize how security-related stress affects employees' productivity directly and indirectly by promoting their perceived level of technostress. The results of our study should help IS management to anticipate and consider the downfalls of information security requirements when formulating companies' information security measurements, and thus limit the "dark side" of information security.


On the 4th of February, 2019 a meeting was held at the Ministry of the Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan with the representatives of the Interstate Found for Humanitarian cooperation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (IFHC) Ms. Elvira Dolya, Deputy executive director of the IFHC of the CIS and Mr. Alexander Goncharov, the counselor of the Directorate, who came to Ashgabat on a working visit.
During the meeting an exchange of views took place with the Commonwealth of Independent States representatives on the constructiveness of close cooperation with Turkmenistan. In addition the importance and necessity of Turkmenistan's participation to the activities of this organization was stressed.
Then parties looked at the issues concerning the recent negotiations that took place at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan regarding the organization of the XIV Forum of Creative and Scientific Intelligentsia of the Commonwealth of Independent States on high-level. During the meeting the parties have also looked at the protocol issues relevant to organization of the XIV Forum of Creative and Scientific Intelligentsia of the Commonwealth of Independent States.


Local Health Departments' Activities to Address Health Disparities and Inequities: Are We Moving in the Right Direction?
Context: Health disparities are among the critical public health challenges.
Objectives: To analyze the extent to which local health departments (LHDs) perform activities for addressing health disparities, changes in proportion of LHDs' performing those activities since 2005, and factors associated with variation in such engagement.
Methods: We used the 2013 National Profile of LHDs Survey to perform Logistic Regression of activities LHDs performed to address health disparities.
Results: About 20 percent of LHDs did not perform any activity to address health disparities. Significant decreases occurred since 2005 in the proportion of LHDs that performed health disparity reduction/elimination activities for four activities. LHD characteristics significantly associated (p≤0.05) with the increased likelihood of performing activities to address health disparities were: recent completion of community health assessment, community health improvement plan and agency wide strategic plan. Other significant positive impacts on such activities included per capita expenditures, local governance, having one or more local boards of health, larger population size and metropolitan status of the LHD jurisdiction.
Conclusions: Reduced infrastructural capacity of LHDs has resulted in fewer LHDs addressing health disparities in their jurisdictions. LHD characteristics associated with higher performance of activities for health disparity reduction identified by this research have important policy implications.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0). Article obtained through the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.


text:
Q: How to get realplayer file information? Is there a DLL or a way to get realplayer file info, such as duration, title, artist etc ?

A: http://mediainfo.sourceforge.net/en Use Media Info ,i think there are some Bindings for C# .
U can Import a DLL ,or you can start as a Process and Store the Process.Standardoutput to a Stream after that Filter with String.Split or a Regular Expression .


text:
How tall is Sofia Vassilieva
Sofia Vassilieva's Height
5ft 3 (160 cm)
American actress best known for playing Ariel Dubois in tv series Medium. In film she can be seen in the 2 Eloise tv movies and My Sister's Keeper.
Photo by PR Photos
Sofia Heights
Your Guess (Optional) 5ft 15ft 1 ¼5ft 1 ½5ft 1 ¾5ft 25ft 2 ¼5ft 2 ½5ft 2 ¾5ft 35ft 3 ¼5ft 3 ½5ft 3 ¾5ft 45ft 4 ¼5ft 4 ½5ft 4 ¾5ft 5
5ft 3in (160cm)
Miss Sandy Cowell said on 4/Nov/19
He he! Sofia looks TINY as she stands with her redheaded schoolfriend, equally small, eyeing up a particularly tall, handsome, much older, grown young man! It's hard to believe that 14 years have elapsed since that episode of 'Medium'....
5ft3.
Miss Sandy Cowell said on 22/Oct/19
💐🎂🎁 Happy Birthday Sofia! 🎁🎂💐
I have just found out that Sofia celebrates her Birthday today and I wish her a very happy time. I was truly amazed to read that she is turning 27, but I suppose it makes sense as the episodes of 'Medium' showing at the moment hail from 2005.
I still think she looks much younger though!
5ft3. 😁👍
💐🕯🎈🎂💐🕯🎈🎂💐🕯🎈🎂💐🕯🎈🎂
Miss Sandy Cowell said on 18/Sep/19
This young lady has grown up before our very eyes in the series 'Medium'. In this episode, her Mum, Patricia Arquette, has sadly died. I don't believe she won't be back because how otherwise would she have been able to be a consultant for the series? (Allison Dubois).
However, little Ariel has inherited her Mum's gift and is now working for the FBI. She can, of course, see her Mum's spirit, who advises her on the cases and the making of decisions.
The other night, Sophia's Ariel aged 10 years overnight and was married with a child, a little girl. She looked like a proper young lady, which, let's face it, is what she is now - and a very pretty one at that! Ariel had to find her way back to the time she knew - as a 16-year-old schoolgirl, and she did.
Sophia, as Ariel, gave a truly stunning performance. Well done to this amazing young actress!
5ft3. 👱♀💐...😁👍🏆
Sandy Cowell said on 31/Oct/18
What an amazing start to her career, playing Ariel, the eldest of the daughters of Allison Dubois in 'Medium' (played by Patricia Arquette). Well, Sofia has outgrown her by one-and-a-half inches, which would be a likely scenario if Patricia and Jake Weber really were her parents!
It's great to see she's continued acting; there were well in access of 100 episodes of 'Medium', so it's not as though she hasn't had plenty of practice!
Sofia gets 5ft3 in the early hours of the first morning of November, 2018. 😊


text:
Q: Python script won't handle non-ASCII characters I'm trying to do some machine learning learning on a sequencing dataset that involves special characters and Greek alphabet. and it keeps throwing errors. Every single time I run the script it throws an error from different position.
file = open(filename,encoding="utf-8")
for record in SeqIO.parse(file,"fasta"):
        print("ID %s" % record.id)
        print("Sequence length %i" % len(record))

UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\u0394' in position 2635: ordinal not in range(128)

A: line 1725 Bio/Seq.py
....
   self._data = self._data = bytes(data, encoding="ASCII")
....

giving:
data ='\u0394'

data = bytes(data, encoding="ASCII")

print(data.decode())

output:
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\u0394' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

else:
data ='\u0394'

data = bytes(data, encoding="utf-8")

print(data.decode())

output:
Δ

I guess

library doesn't support non-ASCII characters

for the sequences as pointed out by @gre_gor