"Manufactured homes provide the largest unsubsidized form of affordable housing in the United States," said Esther Sullivan, a University of Colorado sociologist.
As property values continue to rise, the owners of mobile home parks across the U.S. are facing a growing incentive to sell their property to housing and commercial developers, potentially leaving resident mobile home owners to fend for themselves… an affordable housing sector in crisis.
Development of new manufactured home communities,(aka mobile home parks), have been few and far between for over two decades, as town and state housing authorities are attracted to the revenue potential from these properties being redeveloped for other uses.
Park closures often have created an untenable social crisis for mobile home owners forced to relocate from parks, often in urban areas, where residents tend to be older and have lived for most of their adult lives. Relocating is not realistic for most, as there are few available relocation sites and the cost and feasibility of moving an older mobile home in most instances not an option.
There are officials in several cities, counties and states that have recently begun analyzing and enacting actions and policies to address the mobile home park closure crisis….retaining existing affordable housing by assuring security for mobile and manufactured home owners in those communities.
The following excerpted report by the Woodland DAILY DEMOCRAT addresses California's attempt to mitigate the mobile home park closures crisis.
New legislation by a Monterey Bay state assemblyman would strengthen protections for mobile home owner residents facing displacement, in the name of California's affordable housing goals.
Assembly Bill 705, introduced by Assemblyman Mark Stone, D-Scotts Valley, would ensure that if a mobile home park is closed or converted to another use, its residents would receive adequate compensation from park owners to relocate to another nearby lot or purchase a new manufactured home.
The bill is backed by the Golden State Manufactured Home Owners League, which advocates for residents of mobile and manufactured homes, the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation and Bay Federal Credit Union.
A trade association representing park owners, the Western Manufactured Housing Communities Association, disputes that parks are looking to cash out and is advocating for local regulations to be eased to allow new parks to be built and existing parks expanded.


text:
Q: How to verify that template class is derived from a given class at compilation time? I wonder, whether there is any elegant way (like this) for checking that template argument is derived from a given class?
In general:
template<class A, class B>
class MyClass
{
    // shold give the compilation error if B is not derived from A
    // but should work if B inherits from A as private
}

the solution provided in another question works only when B inherits from A as public:
class B: public A

however, I would rather not have such constraint:
class A{};
class B : public A{};
class C : private A{};
class D;
MyClass<A,B> // works now
MyClass<A,C> // should be OK
MyClass<A,D> // only here I need a compile error

Thanks in advance!!!

A: You can try something like I said here:
C++: specifying a base class for a template parameter
in a static assertion (either C++0x or BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT)
template<class A, class B>
class MyClass
{
  static_assert( boost::is_base_of<A,B>::value );
}

A: Inheriting privately from anything is an implementation detail.
During refactoring and code analysis I would be much happier if such detection would not be possible for functionality outside...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
« My friends are getting squeamish. Others have tight stops. No one has any ideas or answers as we eye another "up" day
How should I allocate? How many stocks should I own? How much of one hot stock should I own? »
Back up the truck to Facebook stock. Boeing's board should be truly ashamed.
Back up the truck to Facebook stock
On Friday the New York Times published a piece that read:
Buckle Up for Another Facebook Election
By opting not to change the company's political advertising rules, Mark Zuckerberg has ensured another election shaped by the social network.
SAN FRANCISCO – If you were hoping to hear less about Facebook this year, you're out of luck.
The social platform announced on Thursday – after months of hemming and hawing — that it would not change its basic rules for political advertising ahead of the 2020 election. Unlike Google, which restricted the targeting of political ads last year, or Twitter, which barred political ads entirely, Facebook and its chief executive, Mark Zuckerberg, decided to preserve the status quo.
Politicians will still be exempt from Facebook's fact-checking program, and will still be allowed to break many of the rules that apply to other users. Campaigns will still be allowed to spend millions of dollars on ads targeted to narrow slices of the electorate, upload their voter files to build custom audiences and use all the other tools of Facebook tradecraft.
The social network has spent much of the past three years apologizing for its inaction during the 2016 election, when its platform was overrun with hyperpartisan misinformation, some of it Russian, that was amplified by its own algorithms. And ahead of 2020, some people wondered if Mr. Zuckerberg – who is, by his own admission, uncomfortable with Facebook's power — would do everything he could to step out of the political crossfire.
Instead, Mr. Zuckerberg has embraced Facebook's central role in elections — not only by giving politicians a pass on truth, but by preserving the elements of its advertising platforms that proved to be a decisive force in 2016.
OK. No Google. No Twitter. All those delicious political advertising dollars will be spent on Facebook.
According to a web site called OpenSecrets.org, the candidates have already raised a whopping $624.4 million. That doesn't include Michael Bloomberg, who has more money to spend on ads than God. And of course, we have another ten months of money raising until the election in November. Which means we can easily double the $624.4 million. Maybe triple it.
I thought the American and the European regulators would make mince meat of Facebook's growth. But I was wrong. Here's the last year of Facebook:
Here's the past ten years. Notice how it bounced back from the regulatory problems.
What revolutions are made of
From Business Insider:
Dennis Muilenburg, the recently-ousted CEO of Boeing, is leaving with a $62 million payout, the company said Friday.
The substantial award comes despite being fired for poor handling of the fatal crashes, the aftermath, and continued suspension from service of the 737 Max.
Spirit said the workers had to go because there was no work for them in light of Boeing suspending production of the 737 Max while it is grounded.
Unlike Muilenburg, they did not get large exit packages, and will instead receive 60 days' pay.
Below is a composite image showing ousted Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg, and employees of Boeing supplier Spirit AeroSystems, which announced 2,800 layoffs on January 10, 2020, because Boeing had stopped making the 373 MAX. Source: Getty Images/Business Insider.
For more, click here.
Australian writes a poem. It deals with Australia and the bushfires.
Please listen to Ben Lawson read his poem on Instagram. It's heart-breaking. Click here.
Which TV should Harry buy?
Mine eyes need bigger. We can fit a 55 inch TV in. But which one? I did my research. Look what I found — all 55 inch TVs. The price differences are staggering.
The Sony has the blackest blacks. it's OLED. Samsung's top entry is much cheaper. It's QLED. Its blacks are not as black. But do I watch the blacks or the plots. Which would you choose? Am I being super-cheap going with the Samsung Q60?
Update your Windows 7 now
Microsoft cuts you off tomorrow, allegedly. So, update while you can.
This is called a pizza table
It was invented by Carmela Vitale of Dix Hills, New York. She filed for a patent on February 10, 1983. It was issued on February 12, 1985. Sadly, Ms. Vitale died before I could find out how much money she made from her brilliant invention. Today you can buy a pack of 100 pizza tables for $2.89. Click here.
You can guess what we had for dinner last night.
Favorite January cartoon
From the New Yorker:
Other nonsenses
See you tomorrow. — Harry Newton
I cannot believe multi-millionaires quibbling over a few extra bucks for a TV set! You got it…spend it…enjoy life! You may not have much left.
I have two 65 inch one Samsung about 8 years old and one LG about 2 years old I cannot tell the difference in them. Both were top of their lines when I bought them.
Hi Harry, If you want great value, please take a look at TCL 6 series. Great review.
Omer Acikel
Hey Harry, for what its worth, I bought LG 50″ 7 series 4K LED TV (50UM7300AUE) for $290 at Costco about 4 months ago. The one you posted, an older cousin of my TV :), should be cheaper than $466. I was stunned how clear 4K contents (I get from Amazon Prime) are after being used to regular HD. One thing annoys me is the update rate (120Hz) is not fast enough when you watch fast moving content (side-to-side), especially if there is narrow lines -high freq. content- in the picture. I think QLED is not worth for the price if you ask me. This TV has Google Assist ("OK Google') and Alexa built in. I also like the remote which has a pointer for quick selection and typing too -but buggy at times-. BTW, unless you have external speakers, you want to make sure TV speaker power is high enough, this TV has 20W output one of the highest among well know brands.
I bought the Sony XBR49X900F 49-Inch 4K Ultra HD Smart LED TV with Alexa Compatibility in August 2019 for $800 at Amazon, can't fit a 55″ on my bedroom wall. I limit my replacement TV expense to $1,000 and look for the best tech at that price.
Actually had purchased the Samsung QN49Q70RAFXZA Flat 49-Inch QLED 4K Q70 Series Ultra HD Smart TV with HDR and Alexa Compatibility before the Sony but had to return it since the Bluetooth line out sound was too low and not adjustable, the Sony line out sound is adjustable. Since I was replacing an older Samsung with good line out sound I called and spoke to a knowledgeable Samsung tech who said they changed the sound processor chip a few years ago and are aware of the line out issue and plan to fix in a future model.
harrynewton
Any comments on the quality of all their various pictures? Which one is "best?" Or are they all basically the same?
I didn't consider the OLED since its 3-4 times the cost of a LED 4K HDR and I couldn't see much of a difference when I compared at Costco. Online reviews say OLED has better blacks and is better at viewing angles but I view head on so that is not an issue. The line out sound issue is all line out, not just Bluetooth as I had first mentioned. I always buy Samsung TV's since they have the best quality, except in this case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Boneless spare ribs are a staple of many Chinese restaurants, as the ribs provide a rich, meaty flavor and are packed with protein. While boneless spare ribs can be an enjoyable treat, they aren't ideal for your overall health, as they tend to be high in calories and fat as well. Spare ribs served at different restaurants may have variances in nutritional information due to differences in recipes.
If you're dieting, Chinese boneless spare ribs aren't an ideal choice; an 8-oz. serving of the ribs contains 949 calories, which comprises more than 47 percent of the daily recommended intake of 2,000. Eating high-calorie meals can make weight management difficult, and it would take a long time to burn the calories through exercise. You'd have to jog for an hour and 38 minutes or swim laps for an hour and 51 minutes to burn 949 calories.
Chinese boneless spare ribs are high in calories largely due to the significant fat content. Each 8-oz. serving of this food contains 74 g of dietary fat, which is equivalent to the fat content of about 16.5 eggs. Your body does need dietary fat to survive, but it is high in calories, so eating a lot of fatty foods can make weight management challenging.
Chinese boneless spare ribs are a rich source of protein, with 56 g in each 8-oz. serving. Protein builds and maintains the cells and tissues of your body, so eating adequate levels is essential for proper health. You'd have to eat more than nine eggs to obtain the amount of protein in 8 oz. of Chinese boneless spare ribs.
While Chinese boneless spare ribs are high in other nutrients, they are low in carbohydrates. Each 8 oz. serving contains just 13 g of carbohydrates, a nutrient that acts as your body's primary source of fuel. You may find success with low-carbohydrate weight loss plans, however; research from the February 2006 edition of "Archives of Internal Medicine" suggests that they can produce quicker weight loss than higher carbohydrate diets.
If you're at risk for high blood pressure, eating Chinese boneless spare ribs may not be a good idea, as an 8-oz. serving contains 1,251 mg of sodium, which comprises 83 percent of the American Heart Association's daily suggested intake of 1,500 mg for all persons, regardless of health status.
One benefit of Chinese boneless spare ribs is the rich potassium content. Each 8 oz. serving contains 794 mg, or about 40 percent of the daily suggested intake of 2,000 mg. Potassium ensures that your muscles, nervous system and heart function properly.
Chinese boneless spare ribs aren't particularly rich in vitamins and minerals, but an 8-oz. serving does provide 20 percent of the daily suggested intake of iron. The serving also contains 4 percent of the suggested daily intake of vitamin C and 3 percent of the daily suggested intake of vitamin A.


Manipal Centre for European Studies (MCES) has always aimed to be a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary platform for European Studies thus going beyond the traditional area studies departments' mandates. Basic belief in focusing on interdisciplinary was that people-to-people contact makes significant difference in the relation between the two regions than political or diplomatic relations alone. As a natural progression of these activities, a Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence in India-EU Interdisciplinary Studies – Culture, Literature, Education and Society (CLES) was the next step for MCES and within a decade of the department's inception, this goal has been achieved.
Having recieved this prestigious award, through this centre, MCES aims to enhance educational connect between India and Europe by generating interest and creating awareness about European people, literature, culture, and society among Indians and stimulate similar response from the Europeans towards Indian culture and philosophy.
MCES has been organizing workshops and international conferences on a wide range of topics from intercultural communication to internationalization of higher education. Through this centre the department will continue to create opportunities and open platforms for young researchers and academicians to be able to learn, network and have an open dialogue on a wide array of topics.
The research groups will not just focus on generating substantial research output in the areas in and surrounding European Studies but also create more awareness about the same.


text:
Experts reveal cultural dietary wisdom
bmuze January 8, 2013 Experts reveal cultural dietary wisdom2015-04-06T22:38:23+00:00 features No Comment
image from shutter stock.com
Russian-born Yana Ilinykh, 36, and India-UK immigrant Nina Lindley, 55, represent the multicultural base from which many Vancouverites might draw dieting wisdom. The global variety of tastes and palettes in the city makes the quest for the "ideal diet" particularly challenging.
Yana Ilinykh|Photo courtsey of Yana Ilinykh
Ilinykh, who migrated to North America with her husband in 1998 and has been in Vancouver since 2010, decided to have a traditional Russian feast on New Year's Eve. A rare treat, the hearty meal includes specialties like vingret, a salad made of boiled vegetables, onions, sauerkraut, green peas and pickled cucumber, olivie, another traditional salad of meat, eggs, potatoes and mayonnaise, and crab legs with butter sauce, smoked salmon blintz and caviar.
"Traditionally, Russian food is very heavy," says the slim, 5-foot-6 mother, who admits to being a frequent dieter in the past.
Among the many weight-loss methods Ilinykh has tried is the popular cabbage soup or "Russian peasant" diet, which consists of eating a low-calorie cabbage soup for seven days.
Lindley shares a few of her own traditional remedies for stubborn pounds and digestive troubles: drinking warm water with lemon in the morning, eating fennel seeds or Ajwain(Bishop's weed) after a meal and drinking various teas.
"These methods were passed down through generations and word-of-mouth [in India]," says Lindley, who lived in the Yukon for 17 years and moved to Vancouver in 1997.
While neither Ilinykh nor Lindley intend to diet this year, both appreciate the ancestral experience at the heart of their respective traditions.
Vashti Timmermans | Photo by B.MUZE
"Culture heavily influences the way people eat. Our diets are more than just about the physical health of our bodies; it's also about our emotional health and healthy relationships," says Vancouver-based nutritionist Vashti Timmermans.
Having travelled extensively through Japan, Central America, Europe, Turkey and Ecuador, the self-described "adventurous eater" literally promotes variety as the spice of life.
"If you're getting a variety of cuisines using a variety of ingredients, you're sure to get the diversity of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that you need," says Timmermans, who also believes the healthiest way to eat is to cook at home.
However, to clinical Ayurvedic specialist and Langara College yoga teacher Madhuri (née Melanie Phillips), the concept of a balanced diet is a little more complex.
"How one digests is unique to the individual and depends on individual constitution, season and climate," says Madhuri, who received her spiritual Sanskrit name, meaning "inner sweetness," during her initiation at the Bihar School of Yoga in India.
Madhuri | Photo courtesy of Langara Collage
According to Ayurvedic principles, Madhuri explains, there are six tastes in food – sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter and astringent. Everybody needs all six to ensure proper balance and well-being, but the required combination depends on the unique make-up of each individual.
"There is a natural intelligence of the body which, when it's in balance, will naturally move towards what it needs," says Madhuri.
This approach is not unlike traditional chinese medicine (TCM), which recognizes energies in food and a range of individual effects based on the Five Element Theory. Like Ayurveda, TCM includes extensive study of the functions and relationships of various systems of the body, mind and emotions which are all considered parts of an integrated whole.
"We hear varying reports about foods having good qualities and bad qualities, but there's not necessarily any problem with the food. It's the way we've manipulated the food, or that for the individual the food is not suitable," says local TCM doctor Melissa Carr.
Melissa Carr | Photo Courtesy of Melissa Carr
Both Carr and Madhuri attribute the wisdom of their respective disciplines to thousands of years of experience, trial and error and natural observation.
"Most traditional diets are more in line with nature," says Madhuri who, along with Timmermans and Carr, encourages the habit of choosing locally and seasonally available food.
Yet ever-changing economies, lifestyles and social and cultural interactions present particular challenges for conventional approaches.
Carr refers to the Inuit's struggle with diseases since the introduction of excess carbohydrates not part of their traditional diet of mostly protein.
"If someone is new or from a different culture, they should find something that is similar to what they have been eating and not just go with whatever is non-fat or talked about in the media as the new superfood," says Carr, who is of mixed Japanese and Caucasian heritage.
While Timmermans is reserved on the biological evidence supporting theories of ethnic or individual constitution, she agrees the increasing modification and processing of food is more harmful than healthful.
In fact, all three experts recommend reducing the intake of processed and refined foods, watching portion size and eating more vegetables.
"Regardless of where one is from, there is always room for improvement. Eating well is a balancing act," says Timmermans.
Reprinted from The Source Newspaper.
culture, food, health
Local artist seeks to unite world cultures with Canadian jade
« Time keeping defines world view
A Yogi's Self-Portrait »


I was in New York a couple of weeks ago, and I went to the Strand Bookstore, that multistory heaven of used and new books. I wandered around a while and got some things I'd been wanting. I wanted to read something set in New York so I looked first at Lawrence Block's books and got The Burglar in the Closet, which opens with Bernie Rhodenbarr sitting in Gramercy Park, which I'd just passed by on the walk down, and then at Donald E. Westlake and got Get Real, the last of the Dortmunder series, and mostly set in the Lower East Side. Welcome to New York.
While I was standing near a table in the main aisle on the ground floor an older woman carrying some bags passed behind me and accidentally knocked some books to the floor. "Oh, I'm sorry, did I do that?" she said in a thick local accent. A young woman and I both leaned over to pick up the books. I was confused for a moment, because it looked like the cover had ripped, but it hadn't, the rip was printed.
Then I saw what the book was: Dying Every Day: Seneca at the Court of Nero, by James Romm. A new book about Seneca, the Roman senator and Stoic philosopher! Fate had actually put this book in my hand. "It is destined to be," I thought, and immediately bought it.
It's a fine book, a gripping history and biography, covering in full something I only knew a tiny bit about. Seneca wrote a good amount of philosophy, including the Epistles, a series of letters full of Stoic advice to a younger friend, but the editions of his philosophy (or his tragedies) don't go much into the details of Seneca's life. They might mention he was a senator and advisor to Nero, and rich (as rich as a billionaire today), but then they get on to analyzing the subtleties of his thoughts on nature or equanimity.
Seneca led an incredible life: he was a senator in Rome, he was banished by the emperor Claudius on trumped-up charges of an affair with Caligula's sister, but was later called back to Rome at the behest of Agrippina, Nero's mother, to act as an advisor and tutor to the young man. Five years later, Agrippina poisoned Claudius, and Nero became emperor.
None of Seneca's meditations on morality, Virtue, Reason, and the good life could have prepared him for this. Before him, as he entered Nero's room, stood a frightened and enraged youth of twenty-three, his student and protégé for the past ten years. For the past five, he had allied with the princeps against his dangerous mother. Now the path he had first opened for Nero, by supporting his dalliance with Acte, had led to a botched murder and a political debacle of the first magnitude. It was too late for Seneca to detach himself. The path had to be followed to its end.
Every word Seneca wrote, every treatise he published, must be read against his presence in this room at this moment. He stood in silence for a long time, as though contemplating the choices before him. There were no good ones. When he finally spoke, it was to pass the buck to Burrus. Seneca asked whether Burrus could dispatch his Praetorians to take Agrippina's life.
It's impossible to match that, and other things Seneca did, with his Stoic writings, but it was all the same man. It's a remarkable and paradoxical life.
Romm's done a great job of writing this history. It's full of detail (especially drawing on Tacitus), with lots of people and events to follow, but it's all presented clearly and with a strong narrative. If you liked I, Claudius you'll like this, and I see similar comments about House of Cards and Game of Thrones.
I especially recommend this to anyone interested in Stoicism. Thrasea Pateus is a minor figure in the book, another senator and also a Stoic, but one who acted like a Stoic should have, by opposing Nero. He was new to me. Seneca's Stoic nephew Lucan, who wrote the epic poem The Civil War, also appears. He was friends with Nero but later took part in a conspiracy to kill the emperor. It failed, and Lucan had to commit suicide, as did Seneca, who wasn't part of the plot.
There's a nice chain of philosophers at the end of the book. After Nero's death, Thrasea's Stoic son-in-law Helvidius Priscus returns to Rome, as does the great Stoic Musonius Rufus and Demetrius the Cynic. The emperor Vespasian later banished philosophers from Rome (an action that seems very puzzling these days; I'm not sure what the modern equivalent would be), but for some reason let Musonius Rufus stay. One of his students was Epictetus, who had been a slave belonging to Epaphroditus, who in turn had been Nero's assistant and had been with him when Nero, on the run, committed suicide—in fact, Epaphroditus helped his master by opening up the cut in his throat.
Later the Stoics were banished from Rome again, and Epictetus went to Greece and taught there. He never wrote anything himself, but one of his students, Arrian, wrote down what he said, which is why we now have the very powerful Discourses. And years later this was read by Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic emperor, a real philosopher king.
For a good introduction to the book, listen to this interview with James Romm on WNYC in late March. It's just twenty minutes.


text:
> Chefs
The Providores and Tapa Room
Often described as "the godfather of fusion cooking", New Zealander Peter Gordon has been championing international flavours in the UK since 1995, with food that holds flavour and texture, rather than tradition and provenance, as its central tenets.
Twitter: @theprovidores
Facebook: Peter Gordon
Instagram: Peter Gordon
See all Peter's Recipes
See all Peter's Restaurants
Peter Gordon, who is of Maori and Scottish descent, was born in New Zealand – a nation of migrants where "we didn't have great food traditions", as he describes. He was interested in food from an early age. Although the food cooked at home was simple, he was raised in a family where everyone was involved with cooking. Their vegetables were grown in the back garden – "we kids each had our own patch and we were competitive gardeners", their eggs were from their own hens and meat carcasses were butchered in the garage. Spring and summer saw them on the beach "to help bring in the fishermen's nets" and the kitchen was always well stocked with local seafood. He spent a lot of time in the kitchen with his mother, who preserved much of their bounty, but it was his grandmother's more formal food and presentation that helped him realise "the importance of a proper meal".
His 1981 move to Melbourne, with its mix of Asian and European populations, signalled the beginning of his passion for world flavours – "suddenly there were Vietnamese, Burmese, Ethiopian and Italian foods". It also saw him enter the kitchen for the first time. Working in a restaurant, he saw all the chefs in their whites and concluded "that's what I want to do". A four-year cookery apprenticeship in the city's restaurants followed, then a year travelling around Southeast Asia where he further developed his love for fusion ingredients.
In 1986 he returned to New Zealand, setting up the kitchen of the original Sugar Club restaurant in Wellington. Three years later he moved to London, working in several UK restaurants before establishing the Notting Hill Sugar Club in 1995 and a second Soho branch in 1998. These restaurants were acclaimed by many, but for some traditionally minded reviewers it was viewed as a little contentious, with some raising authenticity objections to his fusion cuisine. He left these restaurants in 1999 to pursue solo projects, before opening the still-thriving Providores and Tapa Room in 2001.
His current restaurants also include Bellota, SKYCITY and The Sugar Club in Auckland and he is involved in many different food and drink projects, both as a consultant and investor. Peter Gordon has seen off his detractors with every new success and was awarded Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit – the New Zealand equivalent of an OBE – in 2009 for his skills as a chef and restaurateur, but also his tireless fundraising for leukaemia research.
Turkish eggs
by Peter Gordon
Beef pesto
Since 1999 he has held an annual charity event, 'Who's Cooking Dinner?', which brings together chefs such as Tom Kerridge, Marcus Wareing and Angela Hartnett to raise money for leukaemia research, an issue close to Peter Gordon's heart since successfully donating bone marrow to his sister. Together with restaurateur Chris Corbin, they have raised over £5 million (and counting!). He is also patron of RAFT (Restoration of Appearance and Function Trust) which helps pioneer treatment for skin-disfiguring conditions and injuries, an issue which also has personal resonance in Peter Gordon's life since suffering horrific burns after pulling a pan of hot fat onto his head aged seven.
Peter Gordon has also found the time to write nine cookbooks and contribute to at least a dozen more. He both writes every word: "I love the process of writing, but it's a hard slog" and tests the recipes himself in a domestic kitchen – no small feat for a man with so many other demanding projects on the go.
Often described as the godfather of modern fusion cooking, Peter Gordon's food reflects the reality of today's globalisation. He says: "Fusion food takes, as it's starting point, the belief that any ingredient, from any part of the world, has the potential to be cooked and eaten." He rejects the fixed notion of traditional food – the idea that real British food, for example, is only what was cooked in an imagined past – a fiction that belies the reality of historical exploration and trade, colonialism, immigration and the widespread pollination of foodstuffs, far away from their true place of origin. "Culinary xenophobia", as he describes it.
He points out that "Worcestershire sauce, which is a very traditional British condiment, has tamarind in it – which is a very Middle Eastern and Asian ingredient. Yet we don't consider the sauce a fusion dish." It is worth noting that we Brits also have the Peruvians to thank for the potato. Flavour and texture are the elements that drive Peter Gordon's fun, playful cuisine, rather than provenance: "I don't come from a long line of foodie snobs and like to have fun with flavour".
Although this doesn't mean that Peter Gordon's food is characterised by eye-watering air miles – his restaurants source the most interesting ingredients from around the world – "the global pantry is my inspiration" – but these are served with the very best of seasonal, local produce. Sustainability and high animal welfare are of crucial importance and his restaurants have been recognised in the sector for their commitment to these important principles.
The future for Peter Gordon is one of exploration and learning. Taking a little time off to travel through Central and South America, as ever he is on the look out for new tastes and textures "just waiting to be discovered". Diners at his popular restaurants, and the hipster-fusion eateries of the future, will be interested to see what he brings back.
Fusion food
Scroll to start gallery
Swipe to scroll through images
See all Peter Gordon's recipes
109 Marylebone High Street, Marylebone, London, W1U 4RX
This mezzanine townhouse houses two restaurants under one roof, both led by fusion impresario Peter Gordon.
Mind to menu: Peter Gordon's beef pesto
Peter Gordon's guide to Hackney
Peter Gordon and Paul A Young Chocolate Dinner review
by Gemma Harrison
Rugby, rucks and restaurants with Peter Gordon
Who's Cooking Dinner? 2015
Roast parsnips with bacon, olives, sage and sprout leaves
Boiled orange cake with coconut custard
Freekeh, cumin-roast artichoke, grilled corn and pomegranate
Seared yellowfin tuna with green papaya salad
Lamb rump with cherry and potato salad
Red butternut squash curry with mushrooms and spinach
Shiitake mushroom and cheese fritters with escalivada
Strawberry and ginger beer jellies
Pork belly, kimchi, smoked tofu, shiitake, peanuts
Duck and coconut laksa with grilled sweetcorn, soba noodles, squid and coriander
Tuna with coconut, chilli, mango, apple and lime
Spiced banana French toast, smoked bacon, chilli labne, tamarind caramel
Millet, roast veggies, Pietro's egg
Roast pumpkin and chestnut purée
Baobab blueberry smoothie
Mind to menu
Gary Usher's guide to Liverpool
by Pete Dreyer
Romantic restaurants in London
Restaurant Collection
Cookbook new releases: April
Christmas dinner party
10 years of The Modern Pantry: Anna Hansen's best recipes
Cookbook round-up
The stuff of legends: Christmas stuffing ideas and inspiration
Paul A Young
Chef Profile
Tong Chee Hwee
Hakkasan Mayfair
Phil Howard
Elystan Street
Home > Chefs


text:
Tigers hire recently suspended ex-Astros manager A.J. Hinch
Oct 30, 2020 • Last Updated October 30, 2020 • 2 minute read
A.J. Hinch of the Houston Astros looks on prior to Game 4 of the American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium on October 17, 2019 in New York. Photo by Mike Stobe /Getty Images
The Detroit Tigers named A.J. Hinch as the 39th manager in franchise history on Friday, just days after his one-year suspension ended for his role in the Houston Astros' sign-stealing scandal.
Hinch, 46, agreed to terms on a multi-year contract with the Tigers and replaces Ron Gardenhire, who retired in mid-September.
"I'd like to thank (owner) Chris Ilitch and (general manager) Al Avila for giving me a chance and the opportunity to get back in the dugout to lead this historic ballclub," Hinch said in a press release.
"The last year was the most difficult of my life. It gave me time to reflect, which was such a big part of this process. Everything that has transpired over the past year, personally and professionally, has put so much in perspective for me, and re-enforced how important it is to do things with integrity and honesty."
Hinch led the Astros to a World Series championship in 2017 and another World Series berth in 2019, but he was fired by the club in January after Major League Baseball's investigation into sign-stealing allegations.
MLB ruled that the Astros illegally stole signs in 2017, and it issued one-year bans for Hinch and general manager Jeff Luhnow. The club terminated both shortly after the punishments were announced.
The Tigers weren't dissuaded from talking to Hinch despite the stain on his resume.
"Coming into this managerial search we already knew that A.J.'s diverse baseball acumen, knowledge of analytics and passion for the game were second to none," Avila said. "However, we also knew there were some important conversations to have about A.J.'s time in Houston. Throughout that dialog he was clearly remorseful and used that time to reflect on the situation, and we believe he will emerge as a better leader because of it."
Added Ilitch: "Throughout the interview process it was clear that A.J. had learned from his situation in recent months, and it has changed him in profound ways. Quite frankly, it's exactly what we wanted and needed to hear."
Hinch produced a 481-329 record in five years leading the Astros after compiling an 89-123 mark in part of two seasons as the Arizona Diamondbacks' manager (2009-10). Between the two managerial gigs, he worked in the San Diego Padres' front office.
A catcher during a playing career that saw him compete for the Oakland A's, the Kansas City Royals, Detroit and the Philadelphia Phillies from 1998-2004, Hinch served as minor league operations manager and director of player development for the Diamondbacks prior to his first managerial job.
The Tigers finished in last place in the American League Central in 2020 with a 23-35 record. They have not been to the playoffs since 2014.
"My feelings towards baseball are the same that so many Detroiters have for this team," Hinch said. "Through thick and thin you always care about it and rely on it to be there as a part of your life, and I'm so proud to play a role in growing that tradition here with the Tigers.
"Having a talented young core of players, dedicated leadership group and passionate fan base was exactly what I was looking for in a team, and it's clear we have that here in Detroit. It's time to start playing winning baseball, and I am confident this organization is positioned to make that happen."


How about racing around Britain and Ireland?
Imagine surfing down the front of a steep Atlantic roller with just a deep reefed mainsail at 60 degrees north latitude with 100 meters of ocean under the keel, the bow slicing through liquid gold as the setting sun reflects off a solid wall of cloud, evidence of a retreating cold front.
The autopilot has long been disconnected. These big seas call for total concentration. The lone helmsman with white knuckled grip on the tiller, glances astern to avoid a pursuing breaking crest. Boat speed seldom drops below 8 knots and the current of the North Atlantic drift is speeding you towards the most northerly point of the British Isles, Muckle Flugga, at the top of Shetland, further north than the southern tip of Greenland. It's never dark here in mid-June, but it is seriously cold.
Welcome to leg three of the Shetland Round Britain and Ireland race – only another 1,000 miles to go, after a 48-hour stop at Lerwick and the delights of the Boating Club BBQ!
The Shetland Round Britain and Ireland race is probably the toughest of all the two-handed events, because of ever changing course and breeze and the proximity of the rocky shore which demands constant attention to navigation. The 1,900 mile course is simply stated: 'All rocks, less Rockall, to starboard' ?but so much harder to complete.
Leg one from Plymouth is a warm-up. The first rocky reef is the Eddystone, 10 miles south of the famous breakwater, followed by Wolf Rock and Bishop Rock, before the sprint to Kinsale: 230 miles, 36 hours tops? The gourmet capital of Ireland will provide ample opportunity for excess refreshment before the serious business starts.
Leg two opens with the Fastnet Rock (to starboard, don't forget), the course veering at every headland until the wide Atlantic lays brooding on your port side for 600 miles or so. Castlebay in Barra is a stop that emphasises the isolation of the Western Isles, 60 miles nor' west from there, St Kilda remains unlit as ever. The fleet in Fair Isle is racing in seas close to the edge of the continental shelf, but there are no Dragons here, nor Melges.
Leaving Lerwick Fiord at some inconvenient early hour, the prospect of supper in the Victorian conservatory of the Royal Norfolk and Suffolk YC in Lowestoft is 470 miles distant. As if by magic, somewhere off Flamborough Head, the puffins and gannets say farewell as the yachts move from clear blue water into the brown soup of the southern North Sea. Traffic density increases and the horizon is crowded with gas platforms.
a cool northwester, with hail storms and violent 40-knot gusts, or a flat calm and fog, sea breezes teasing the boats between kedges. The most painful scenario is the 300-mile beat as the wind veers with every headland passed and no prospect of easing sheets until you climb the stairs into the bar at the Royal Western YC.
When trying to pick the winners in the RBI look for a fast bullet-proof boat with a track record of finishes sailed by an experienced crew who know when to race and when to go into survival mode – the key to success in this gruelling event.
Line honours usually goes to a multihull – 10 are entered this year. Favourite Pete Goss is back after 17 years, teamed with Paul Larsen in a top secret trimaran.
Veterans Michael Ellison, 1966, and Michael Butterfield 1970, in the multi-hull fleet are back to show the young'uns how it should be done in style and safety. The smallest boat in the fleet is the Sadler 290, Tusitala, sailed by Jon Coleman and Simon Ellyat.
The race, established 40 years ago by Blondie Haslar, starts from Plymouth on 11June.
Jerry Freeman (56)has started five and finished four RBI's since 1978, all in small boats. His best result was in Alice's Mirror (2002). He is a founder member of the short-handed group, Petit Bateau.


On March 7th was completed a basic course on wine for professionals that was organized as part of the Nautimus project. Courses of such format are going on annually since 2011 for the people who are working in hospitality industry – restaurants, cafes and hotels. Course was delivered by SIA Liviko sommelier Aigars Lukstiņš.
At the end of the course, the participants passed a test, which included a theoretical part – to check knowledge on wine making regions, processes and grape varieties, as well as a practical part – wine tasting and its professional description. This year, out of 46 participants of the course, 32 students successfully passed the exam and received a certificate from the Nautimus program confirming successful completion of the course.
The best test results this year showed the sommelier of Light House restaurant Toms Buliņš.
Nautimus basic course on wine for professionals has completed.
Hereby, SIA Liviko confirms that on your email address we will send only newsletters from SIA Liviko and we will not share your email address with the third parties.
If you are agree to receive newsletters from SIA Liviko please tick the box.
© 2019 SIA LIVIKO. All rights reserved.


PI/CPC Minutes – October 2013 – Lincoln Nebraska A.A.
Sept. 9, 10am – 2pm. at Trabert Hall.
Luke H., Anna G., Zech M. – Mostly shared with other professionals, rather than with outside people. Mostly passed out books. Was really good. Cindy wants to have a presentation (like we do for Drug Court) for probation officers. Will follow up with her about this.
— The Recovery Center liked the AA pamphlet stand we had and would like to have their own. Zech will find out more information and we will discuss next month if we should fund this or tell another committee about it.
Alyssa W., Joel E. – Good! Joel has inventory count from passing out pamphlets. They will be having an event next August that they would like to have us attend. They will be in touch.
Drug Court needs to put this on hold as there is no one who can be there to open the building/room. No other night works because of lack of space or staff. Jesse (from Drug Court) will contact Jessi H. when this can resume.
The mission was contacted and they thanked us for the email.
All pamphlets have been picked up and are in PICPC's possession now. PSA is own backorder and Area 41 literature chair will get that to the committee when it comes in.
Discussion is beginning about having a presentation twice a year for probation officers at Trabert Hall. Updates will be made as this unfolds.
Our information was passed to the Curtis Center and they contacted Jessi H. to see about getting a meeting in their facility like they had in the past. The Treatment committee was sent the contact information, so hopefully a meeting will get going over there.
We plan to do this workshop once again in 2014. The date is set for August 5, 2014 from 1-4:30. The Independent Center will again get it approved for CEUs and PICPC will beginning planning the content and asking speakers to come. More to come on this next year.
Bernice was contacted by the Waverly Care Center interested in getting a meeting and/or information about AA out to that facility. Bernice is following up. More to come.
It was brought up to contact colleges (specifically the health offices) about taking information about AA to them. Stephanie M. and Mike P. will begin with contacting UNL and Wesleyan. Jessi sent everyone the generic email that Kjerstin had created. Now anyone can use this to contact entities who might benefit from our work.
We discussed the budget. Separate sheet.
Positions available for the next rotation were discussed along with duties and sobriety requirements.


text:
Q: Does bounded and continuous implies Lipschitz? If a function $f : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is integrable, bounded and continuous, is it also Lipschitz continuous?

A: No. Let
$$
f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{ll}
0&, x\leq 0\\
\sqrt{x} &,x\in [0,1]\\
-x^2+2x &, x\in [1,2]\\
0&, x\geq 2.
\end{array}\right.
$$
$f$ is continuous, bounded and integrable, but it is not Lipschitz, since $f|_{[0,1]}$ is not Lipschitz.


I've put together a list of the tools and services that I recommend in order to build wealth and pay off debt.
First off, if you're not following me on Facebook, I recommend starting there because that is where I share my latest blog posts and best money tips.
Follow Millennial Boss on Facebook.
I'm also on Instagram @millennialboss.
I'm a big fan of saving money without trying too hard. Below are the products and services I use to accomplish that.
This first one is a no-brainer. I downloaded the Ebates browser tool and now I never forget to check for cash back.
Whenever you are on a site that offers cash back, an Ebates pop-up appears that let's you activate cash back in one click.
Ebates includes pretty much every store from Groupon to Target to Amazon and you can easily transfer your balances to PayPal.
See the example below of the pop-up I see when I'm on the Nordstrom website.
You get a $10 welcome bonus just for signing up for Ebates and if you refer 3 friends, you make $75!
Transfer the money to your bank or PayPal account and make an easy $85.
Everyone likes to watch themselves make money right? These are the tools I use to track my money and see it grow!
Personal Capital tracks your net worth and debt online for you for free.
It automatically updates your account balances so you don't have to do anything to get an accurate picture of where you stand.
Plus, it's motivating to watch your net worth increase and your debt go down on their fancy dashboards.
When I first started tracking my net worth, I had a negative net worth but now I'm happy to see I have a positive net worth!
My husband and I use the same account so we can see our overall household net worth.
I recommend signing up for Personal Capital, it's free!
I use Credit Sesame, the free app, to check my credit score. It emails me of suspicious activity and provides recommendations on how to improve my credit score.
A good credit score is important to get the best rates on mortgages and other loans.
Sign up here with Credit Sesame (it's free) and does not hurt your credit score in any way.
I'm all about side hustles and love to get the most money for the least effort. Below are the ways you can side hustle in the next 15 minutes.
I recently launched a podcast where I interview expert side hustlers, real estate mavens, investing whizzes, travelers, and others who are making money in cool ways.
If you're looking for a side hustle and need good ideas. Check out Fire Drill Podcast.
When I'm not blogging in my spare time, I'm traveling, and I like to pay as little as possible when I travel.
Have you signed up for Airbnb yet?
Not only can you save on accommodations when you use Airbnb but you also can save on food if you get a place where you have access to a kitchen. I start to feel gross when I eat out too many days in a row.
I recently stayed on a houseboat in San Diego through Airbnb and had an incredible experience. The houseboat was super clean and had an awesome rooftop deck with views of the marina. It was incredible!
I also stayed in two Airbnbs when we did our honeymoon road trip up through Oregon.
If you're interested in trying out Airbnb, sign up through this link and get $35 off your first trip.
Raise.com is a website that sells gift cards for a discount, meaning you can get a $100 gift card for like $90.
When I'm going on a trip, I typically buy hotels.com e-gift cards on Raise.com for discount and then I purchase a hotel room on hotels.com with that gift card and a coupon code.
I have all of the details on exactly how I do that in this post, How To Save Money on Hotel Rooms.
I highly recommend signing up for Raise and you get a $5 bonus for creating an account.
I am now making money this blog (I made nearly $800 in January).
Choose a domain name, web hosting plan and install WordPress all through Bluehost.
All three can be set up through Bluehost in 15 minutes.
Make sure you choose the cheapest hosting plan. You don't need anything fancy and you can always upgrade later.
If you're interested in starting your own blog, check out my tutorial, How to Start a Blog of Your Own.
Set up email marketing campaigns so you can collect emails from day 1. I missed out on so many opportunities to connect with my readers by neglecting to capture their email addresses from the beginning.
ConvertKit makes it so easy to offer freebies and to tag subscribers to different lists.
Michelle Schroeder-Gardner is the creator of the course and famous in the blogging world for making tens of thousands of dollars a month through affiliate sales.
Her most recent income report broke six figures.
Check out the online course which takes you step by step through the process of setting up and executing on a successful affiliate marketing strategy.
I also love that the course gives you access to a private Facebook group where bloggers help answer each other's questions and provide encouragement.
I just finished the Making Sense of Affiliate Marketing Course and highly recommend it to any aspiring blogger.
Here is my review (including a video inside of the course content) one year out from the course.
This course helps you learn how to use Facebook Ads and I've personally taken it.
It's for people wanting to run Facebook ads for local businesses as a side hustle (up to $1,000 per month).
I'm currently taking this travel blogging course and I've very excited about it's potential. The purpose is to teach bloggers how to work with brands to showcase amazing accommodations and experiences. The Reese couple have traveled all over the world as a family travel blogging and provide hundreds of detailed step-by-step instructions and tips in this course.
My husband and I both use Dollar Shave Club. We receive 2 boxes per month of razors and my husband has bought the products for men as well.
I use ClassPass for yoga and dance classes. This is a monthly membership and you can sign up for classes at multiple studios. I've tried West African Dance and Restorative Yoga through this site.
I recently signed up for Imperfect Produce which is a subscription box service that takes all of the dented and undersized fruits + vegetables that would otherwise go to waste and sells it. Perfectly good stuff and CHEAP!


Actress Ryan Newman will take on the life of a Bruin after 10 years of acting.
In March, Newman accepted her offer of admission to UCLA, where she will be studying psychology while simultaneously pursuing her acting career. The Daily Bruin's Sarah Ahern talked with Newman about her decision to attend UCLA, balancing acting and school and what she hopes will come out of her UCLA experience.
Daily Bruin: On a recent Instagram post of your UCLA acceptance letter, you said UCLA was your number-one choice. Why UCLA over other another university?
Ryan Newman: I want to stay in the LA area so that I can continue pursuing my career, and UCLA is one of the finest institutions in Southern California. So I thought that was a perfect fit for me.
DB: Is psychology a career that you have always had an interest in potentially pursuing aside from acting?
RN: It's not necessarily another potential career path, but my mom has a masters in psychology and my dad has a Ph.D. in psychology, so I have grown up around psychology and with psychology. … It will help me with myself while I am doing this whole Hollywood thing and just getting through life with other people, with different personalities. It will also help me with my career, with acting and understanding people because that's a big part of what I do.
DB: How do you anticipate your experience will be different as an actress on the UCLA campus?
RN: Well, it will be my first year and I won't be living on campus, so I won't be in the dorms and that kind of thing, but I still hope I can involve myself in things as much as possible. But I will be busier probably than your average student.
DB: Are there any organizations you would consider joining on campus, or are you going to try and focus mainly on academics and your acting career?
RN: It will be mainly academics, but I'm very big into charity and philanthropy, so I would be interested in learning about UCLA's opportunities and involvement within that, since that is something I have always been involved in.
DB: Have you started planning future acting projects for this coming year while you're at UCLA?
RN: Unfortunately, I'm not a series regular on a television show right now, so I don't have that stability of what exactly my schedule is going to be, but, of course, while I am at UCLA that could definitely happen. Right now, I've been doing movies and recurring roles and that kind of stuff, so it'll be interesting with my schedule. But as soon as I got in (to UCLA), I started reaching out to counselors. Hopefully, I can schedule all the classes that I want for a couple days a week.
DB: What do you hope to get out of your experience at UCLA?
RN: I just want to learn and be in an environment with other people who want to learn. I am excited to get different perspectives and to just get academic enrichment, personal enrichment and social enrichment. I just want to be a well-rounded person and I want my education to be well rounded as well.


text:
HomeCourt Procedure
Paperless Lawyers, Paperless Courts
May 10, 2018 The IT Countrey Justice Court Procedure, Court Technology, Law and Technology, The Digital Paradigm
A temptation for lawyers is to use technology to mirror paper-based practices. Technology merely means that the screen becomes the functional equivalent of paper and underlying behaviours relating to information do not change. What should make the utilisation of technology different is that underlying the functional equivalent of a paper based file are all the tools and advantages that digital technologies can bring such as indexing searching on the fly annotating and so on.
Andrew Downie, a lawyer in Victoria, Australia, in February of 2014, blogged on the creation of an electronic brief – ahandy "how to" guide focusing particularly upon methods of converting documents and organising them using a computer system.
But electronic case files are not the exclusive preserve of counsel. In New Zealand there are several practice notes on the utilisation of electronic bundles of documents in court. The Senior Courts Civil Electronic Document Protocol addresses the use of electronic documents in the Higher Courts in New Zealand. The Electronic Document Practice Note 2017 is intended to encourage and facilitate the use of electronic documents for civil cases in the Court of Appeal. The 2016 Practice Note "The Use of Electronic and Common Bundles and Electronic Casebooks in the High Court" sets out guidance about when an order should be made for a common bundle and/or casebook to be filed electronically in the High Court and the default directions that apply. It is to be read and interpreted consistently with the Senior Courts Civil Electronic Protocol.
The concept of functional equivalence is to the fore and it seems to me that one of the purposes of the practice note and the move towards electronic bundles is to save space and paper. This is consistent with the imitative approach adopted in the Electronic Courts and Tribunals Act 2016 (NZ) about which I have blogged here.
What the practice notes do is provide an electronic platform for the assembly of bundles of documents but by doing so it also enables counsel to utilise technology to enhance case presentation and argument. None of this of course is specified in the practice notes which are designed to encourage and facilitate the use of electronic bundles the various Courts. The fact of the matter is, however, that by virtue of the advantages bought by the technology, counsel may be creative in the way in which the electronic bundle is utilised. One of the requirements of the electronic bundle is that all documents be scanned into OCR format. One would think that it would be unnecessary to have such a requirement, and that rendering pdf documents searchable would almost go without saying but regrettably it needs to be emphasised. This effectively means that the information in the document may be subject to search and manipulation in a way that would not be possible in mere image format.
The practice notes make it clear that electronic bundles will not be used in every case. They will only be used in document intensive cases where the common bundle would be likely to exceed a certain number of pages.
In "building" in electronic bundle documents must be contained in electronic folders equivalent to the physical volumes of hard copy bundles and within those folders each separate document must be a multipage pdf document. Each folder must be named with an appropriate description and if there is more than one volume of a particular electronic bundle the folder for that type of bundle will include subfolders for each volume. The rules also provide for electronic bundles in document intensive criminal cases.
One of the difficulties in using electronic bundles effectively lies in the fact that the majority of advocates have been bought up in the paper based environment and find it uncomfortable or difficult to make the shift into the digital paradigm with the changes in thinking that such requires. The concept of functional equivalence gets in the way. One uses technology merely to mirror what one would normally do with paper rather than utilise the technology to its fullest capacity. Often software packages will themselves create difficulties. Some software packages make it almost impossible to move from page to page without entering a code or a key. Other software packages allow for the utilisation of barcodes whereby documents could be selected and projected using a barcode scanner but the simple fact of the matter is that counsel don't utilise that aspect of the technology which would save considerable time and effort in moving through document intensive cases.
The various electronic document protocols effectively replace the lever arch paper folder with a USB stick or other form of storage medium. Lawyers and judges maintain an informational distance as a result. Each participant has to locate the "document" the subject of the discussion on his or her own device. A centrally located document bundle to which every participant has access and which can be displayed in Court would expedite matters. Such a tool is available in the form of Caselines which is effectively a digital court platform.
Caselines does not require software or infrastructure. It is a cloud based solution. To connect to a Caselines bundle for a trial or hearing all that is needed is a wireless connection at the Court.
Caselines bundles may be created by the parties or by the Court. Participants in a case have access to the bundle with varying levels of credentials. There are a number of different types of functionality including the ability to make notes, mark up and, importantly, to allow counsel who is referring to a document, image, video or other piece of digital material to make that available to all the participants in the case simultaneously. This means that everyone is on the same page, literally. Caselines is now used throughout the Crown Courts in England and Wales for criminal trials. Digital is the default position. Paper is no longer used
The Digital Paradigm allows lawyers to devise their own means of employing electronic technologies in the practice of law and the Courts judges in the management and presentation of cases. What will be interesting to see is how courts and judges will respond.
But to make that leap it is necessary to examine some fundamental premises and reasons for why it is that we conduct cases in the way that we do. I have written elsewhere that the practice of law is really an exercise in information exchange, be it by way of receiving instructions from the client, processing those, seeking an information flow from research and communicating the results of that to the client by way of advice, or by way of a case in court where information flows come from witnesses whose information is assessed for relevance and reliability and which in turn inform the decision-maker's decision which is them communicated to the parties and often to a wider audience by means of digital publication systems or by reporting in the law reports.
In court the information flows were oral exchanges. Indeed, written pleadings were not a part of court procedure until the reign of Edward IV, and most of the cases noted in the Year Books dealt with the technicalities of pleading rather than reports of decisions on substantive points of law. The first reports that revolutionised the way in which cases were recorded were those of Edmund Plowden, first printed in 1571. But the way that cases were presented in court was largely an oral process with witnesses orally stating what they saw or did and the lawyers making their points by oral rather than written argument. Or at least that was the case in the Common Law courts. Prerogative courts such as Star Chamber and the Courts of Chancery used the written record more extensively, albeit a handwritten one.
(For a full description of Star Chamber procedures see Thomas G. Barnes "Due Process and Slow Process in the Late Elizabethan – Early Stuart Star Chamber" (1962) 6 American Jnl of Legal History 221)
But despite the apparent written procedures adopted by Star Chamber and the Chancery Courts, much of the information exchange remained an oral..
The oral nature of information exchange in court over the centuries requires the physical presence of the "players" in the one place – the Courtroom. Indeed it has not been until comparatively recently – and by that I mean since I was admitted to the Bar in 1970 – that judges have countenanced and encouraged the provision of arguments in writing. These may range from the massive briefs that characterise written argument in the United States to the much smaller outline style "skeleton arguments" in England. Indeed in some appellate jurisdictions – again predominantly in the United States – oral argument is time limited, demonstrating a declining emphasis upon oral argument in favour of documentary material. Yet despite the brevity of oral argument, physical presence is still required.
Another Form of "Presence"
Technology is changing this and there is a declining emphasis on actual physical presence following upon the introduction in New Zealand of the Courts Remote Participation Act 2010 which allows for "presence" of a participant by way of audio-visual link.(AVL) In the majority of cases in the District Court the participant "attending" by way of AVL will be a defendant who is in custody. I haven't yet come across the case where counsel has sought to be present by way of AVL and perhaps the custodial remand focus of the technology deployed in New Zealand Courts is responsible for that, although there is nothing in the legislation which excludes the use of Skype or Facetime. I imagine that all that is required for a lawyer and a Judge to break the ice.
The issue of physical presence is one part of the expanded use of technology in case presentation. At the moment document management technology is used in document intensive cases where scanned copies of documents are assembled and presented on screens by means of software tools. I interpolate to express wry amusement that documents are scanned into these programmes rather than using software tools which allow "document" assembly of digital documents in native file format, but perhaps that is yet to come. That is fine as far as it goes.
What about expanding the scope of the hearing so that by using "presence" technology such as AVL – or perhaps, in the future, holography – counsel may run the case remotely. Where there is a need for text based information to be presented (what we call "documents", retaining our paper based language despite attempts by legislators to include any information however recorded as fulfilling the definition of a "document" but why retain the use of a word which conceptually is associated with hard copy media?) that can be communicated to the court by electronic means. Witnesses can be present by AVL links. The range of information that is communicable or admissible to inform the Court's decision could include multimedia, 3D imaging, maps or satellite shots from Google Earth or Street View. All the clumsy time consuming methods currently employed for evidence presentation could be significantly more efficient without compromising information flows or the ability of fact finders or law deciders to reach a conclusion.
Our "presence based" focus has its roots in rituals which, with modern communications technologies, can no longer be justified.
These ideas may seem to be radical – perhaps revolutionary – but the reality of the fact is that we are and will continue to be for some time in the midst of an information technology driven by continuous disruptive change. It is incumbent upon lawyers, judges and those involved in the information exchange process that underlies the activities of all lawyers to maximise and deploy these new technologies.
CTC 2017 – The Online Court
September 29, 2017 The IT Countrey Justice Access to Law, Court Procedure, Court Technology, Future of Law, On-Line Courts
This year I was invited to present a paper at the National Center for State Courts biannual conference – Courts Technology Conference 2017. I was asked to present a paper on the development of the Online Court project in England and some of the thinking behind that project.
I have had an interest in this project since Professor Richard Susskind's report on February 2015 and have followed the reports issued by Lord Briggs. There are two things of particular significance.
The first is that the project demonstrates the disruptive effect of technology and the way in which the deployment of technological solutions may result in quite significant changes in process without destroying or compromising the underlying philosophies of a just system of dispute resolution provided by the State.
The second thing is the types of technology that may be deployed to make the online court work. The paper I prepared for the Conference looked at these two aspects of the matter along with a consideration of some of the positives and potential negatives of the project. Most of the negatives are in fact answerable.
The technological solutions that I considered were conceptual only and I wish I could have attended the July Online Courts hackathon in London. It is highly likely that the technical section of my paper would have had a completely different approach.
Here is a copy of the paper:
The powerpoint slides that were a part of the presentation follow
The session was live streamed and recorded and the video follows
I hope that this material is useful.
Imitating Paper
June 3, 2017 The IT Countrey Justice Court Procedure, Court Technology, Law and Technology
The Electronic Courts and Tribunals Act 2016
The purpose of the Electronic Courts and Tribunals Act 2016 is to enable and govern the use of electronic technology in court and tribunal proceedings. It is overarching. All paper based processes in existing courts and tribunals may be interpreted as allowing electronic processes.
The Electronic Courts and Tribunals Act is posited upon the concept of functional equivalence – a theory which gives legal recognition to recording systems and their validation in a format other than paper. The Act in many respects reflects the principles that appear in the Electronic Transactions Act 2002 which did not apply to the Court system.
A central focus of the legislation is upon what is called a permitted document. The term "permitted document" means a document, including its associated process, in electronic form that is made by, or for use in, a court or tribunal. The purpose of the legislation is to facilitate the use of permitted documents in court and tribunal proceedings and allow existing references in enactments to documents to include permitted documents.
Not all documents are permitted documents and the legislation at section 4(2) lists those that do not qualify. These are:
(a) a document given on oath or by affirmation:
(b) a statutory declaration:
(c) a will, a codicil, or any other testamentary instrument:
(d) a power of attorney or an enduring power of attorney:
(e) a negotiable instrument:
(f) any notice required to be attached to any thing or left or displayed in any place:
(g) any warrant or other instrument authorising entry into premises or the search or seizure of any person or thing:
(h) any other document specified by the Governor-General by Order in Council made on the recommendation of the Minister:
(i) an item specified in any of paragraphs (a) to (h) that is required to be served by personal service.
The legislation effectively recognises that verification and authenticity of information contained in these classes of documents may only be provided by a tangible paper-based medium.
The Act does not mandate the use of electronic documents, although certain classes of persons yet to be defined in regulations may be required to use them.
The use of permitted documents requires the consent of the person using them although consent can be inferred from conduct. A person may not be compelled nor directed to use permitted documents. Thus, unless a person consents to the use of permitted documents it is paper by default.
Where there are requirements for information to be recorded, be in or be given in writing that information may be in a permitted document as long as it is readily accessible and useable for subsequent reference. This means that an electronic document must be accessible in the sense that it is not in archived or backup format and can be accessed presumably in native file format.
The legislation does recognise the dynamic nature of digital information and the reality that multiple copies may be made of a digital document that are identical to the "first" or source copy.
Where there is a requirement that multiple copies of information are to be provided, that requirement is met by providing a single electronic version of a permitted document and a requirement to provide information in a manner that complies with a paper based form met by permitted document if information is readily accessible and usable for subsequent reference.
Authentication and signature requirements provide a challenge for those used to verification of a document or its contents by a physical kinetic act such as affixing a seal or sign manual. How is that accomplished in a digital context?
Signature requirements for permitted documents are addressed in section 16 of the Electronic Courts and Tribunals Act 2016. An "electronic signature" or verification must adequately indicate the approval of the information and must be "as reliable as is appropriate given the purpose for which, and the circumstances in which, the signature is required."
Importantly, electronic verification of a document is subject to an exception when one is witnessing a document. Witnessing requirements in a permitted document are met by an "electronic signature" if
a) The e-signature complies with the requirements of section 16
b) The e-signature adequately identifies the witness and indicates that the signature or seal has been witnessed
c) The e-signature is "as reliable as is appropriate given the purpose for which, and the circumstances in which, the signature is required."
If a permitted document requires a seal, that requirement may be met by an electronic seal if
a) The seal adequately identifies the party attaching it and
b) "is as reliable as is appropriate given the purpose for which, and the circumstances in which, the seal is required."
The language echoes that dealing with electronic signatures. It is to be noted that the requirements for electronic signatures and seals refer to the issue of reliability. Section 19 of the Act sets out certain presumptions as to reliability and an electronic signature is presumed to be reliable if:
(a) the means of creating the electronic signature is linked to the signatory and to no other person; and
(b) the means of creating the electronic signature was under the control of the signatory and of no other person; and
(c) any alteration to the electronic signature made after the time of signing is detectable; and
(d) where the purpose of the legal requirement for a signature is to provide assurance as to the integrity of the information to which it relates, any alteration made to that information after the time of signing is detectable.
However, any other way of establishing reliability is not excluded and may be used.
The Act also sets out rules for the retention of permitted documents , for the dispatch and receipt of permitted documents. These provisions duplicate the provisions of the Electronic Transactions Act 2002. The filing requirements dispense with the requirement that a document be filed in a particular office of the Court and allow for the filing of a permitted document at any place specified in the regulations. In addition the place for filing may be physical or electronic and may be centralised or located within the jurisdiction of the Court or Tribunal.
Some important observations need to be made.
1. Although the Act has commenced it is not operative. Section 6 requires the Governor General by Order in Council made on the recommendation of the Minister to specify the Courts, tribunals or particular jurisdictions of Courts and Tribunals to which the Act applies. As matters stand, no such Order has been made. Once proper systems are in place to handle electronic filing the necessary orders will be made.
2. Will the Act significantly change Court processes. Except for the changes to place of filing rules, things will largely remain the same. This is because the legislation is imitative of existing processes. Imitative use of technology preserves existing processes and procedures but allows the same objectives to be achieved by electronic means. On the other hand the innovative use of technology allows for the introduction of disruptive and different procedures and processes enabled by the new technologies which ultimately result in a transformative and improved outcome.
3. Thus the legislation maintains the model of the paper based court system and adds a limited form of digital communications in the form of permitted documents – an electronic equivalent of paper.
If it was the intention of the Legislature to maintain the model of the paper based court system and add a limited form of digital communications in the form of permitted documents, the Electronic Courts and Tribunals Act has succeeded. But in reality the Act neither lives up to its name nor its promise. It does not, as its name might suggest, create or enable fully electronic courts or tribunals. All it allows is an electronic equivalent for paper. All the legislation does is to imitate paper.
From Theory to Practice – Software Models and Evidence for the Online Court
May 12, 2016 The IT Countrey Justice Access to Law, Court Procedure, Court Technology, Evidence, Future of Law, Law and Technology, On-Line Courts
In the paper below I look at some of the ways in which technology may be applied to proposals for on-line Courts.
The proposals by Richard Susskind the JUSTICE paper and Lord Justice Sir Michael Briggs are based upon the availability of technical solutions to fulfil the promise inherent in the new models for resolving disputes. I emphasise that in using that phrase I envisage, as did Professor Susskind, the dispute resolution model to function within the established Court process rather than as a stand alone alternative to the Court process.
A consideration of the deployment of technology within the Court process first requires a recognition of the way in which technology can reflect or replace current processes. The Online Court proposals that have been put forward suggest significant process change but represent high level strategy. What I consider is a slightly more practical overview of some of the ways in which technology may be deployed. In addition there are issues surrounding the handling of digital evidence which will require consideration.
Information Governance and E-Discovery
June 7, 2015 June 7, 2015 The IT Countrey Justice Court Procedure, Court Technology, E-Discovery, Information Governance
In May of 2015 I had the pleasure and honour of sharing the stage with Chief Magistrate Judge Elizabeth Laporte at the IQPC 10th Anniversay Information Governance and eDiscovery Summit held at the Waldorf Hilton in London. The session was chaired by Chris Dale of the excellent and continually informative Edisclosure Information Project and addressed the Global Impact of eDiscovery and Information Governance within the context of data collection for cross border cases.
The session was allocated a generous ninety minutes of Conference time, starting shortly after 9:00 pm. This enabled the presenters to make a brief presentation on issues that appeared to be relevant to the general topic. My presentation addressed common themes present in the e-discovery regimes in the APAC region – Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong and New Zealand.
Following the presentations Chris led a discussion that covered a wide range of discovery and disclosure issues. The approach of the US Courts recently exemplified by the case of In the Matter of a Warrant to Search a Certain E-mail Account Controlled and Maintained by Microsoft (District Court SDNY M9-150/13-MJ-2814 29 August 2014 Judge Preska).
One of the common themes emerging from this discussion was that although a local court may purport to exercise "long arm" jurisdiction in the case of content located off-shore, compliance with local data disclosure requirements may come into play, rendering the disclosing party liable to possible sanctions if compliance is not forthcoming.
Another issue that we discussed was that of the need for lawyers to understand and appreciate the way in which technology is used in developing areas of law and in the ediscovery field in particular. In the United States an understanding of technology is a pre-requisite for competence to practice in some areas and as we move further and deeper into the Digital Paradigm, I consider this to be an absolute necessity. Not only lawyers. More and more cases involve aspects of technology either as the subject matter of the dispute or as an aspect of the evidence that is place before the Court. It is essential that Judges have a working knowledge of some of the more common information technologies. This is something of a contentious issue for there is a school of thought that suggests that judicial understanding of technology can be reached per medium of expert evidence. That proposition may have a limited degree of validity in the case of the subtle aspects of the workings of the technology, but should not extend to ocnstant and repetitious explanations of the general way which a packet switching network operates, or the nature of email metadata and how it operates.
The Conference was a valuable one. The sessions were extremely interesting and highly relevant, all of them presented by experts in the field. I am grateful to the organisers for inviting me and to Chris Dale for his excellent Chairmanship of our session and his insightful discussion management.
I prepared a paper for the Conference delegates and a copy is available on Scribd or may be perused here.
Technology for Better Fact Finding
October 15, 2014 The IT Countrey Justice Audio Visual Links, Court Procedure, Court Technology, Evidence, Jury Trials, Law and Technology, Pre-recorded Evidence
This is a paper that I presented to the 14th International Criminal Law Congress in Melbourne on 11 October 2014. In brief it argues that new information technologies should be employed more widely in the Court system to enhance fact finding by juries and judges. It suggests that what are traditional means of evidence presentation, whilst still relevant, may be enhanced by technology use. In particular the paper questions whether the "confrontation right" requires physical presence and suggests that technology can allow virtual presence. It also points to new developments in 3D rendering and 3D printing which may enhance evidential integrity and improve presentation and consideration of evidence. The paper also questions whether some of the ritual aspects of the trial process enhance or impede proper and effective fact finding, or whether they have relevance to the primary function of the Court at all.
E-Discovery and Asia Legal Big Data
May 1, 2014 The IT Countrey Justice Case Management (Judicial), Court Procedure, Discovery, E-Discovery
I had the privilege of being invited to take part in the Asia Legal Big Data Symposium held at the Conrad Hotel in Hong Kong on 29 – 30 April 2014, and to share a place on a panel which included Registrar Lung Kim Wan of the Hong Kong High Court, Senior Assistant Registrar Yeong Zee Kin from the Singapore Supreme Court and Stephen Yu from Alix Partners. The focus of the Conference was upon the imminent release of a Practice Direction for the Hong Kong Courts addressing E-Discovery. Although the present Hong Kong Rules are sufficiently wide to deal with E-Discovery in a broad sense, and more focussed approach is proposed.
The panel in which I participated dealt with existing rules and how they work in Singapore and New Zealand, and how the general shape of the Hong Kong direction may appear. Stephen Yu was able to bring valuable technical knowledge into the mix in considering some of the tools and technological solutions that may be utilised in the E-Discovery process.
The Symposium itself was an abundance of riches and as is so often the case, there were times when a difficult choice had to be made between which session to attend. Some of the sessions on data and information management within organisations were very interesting and helpful, emphasising the importance of how proper information management systems and policies can be helpful when a litigation hold is notified. Of particular interest was the way in which such policies may be used to resist spoliation allegations. A proper, principled inmjformation management policy may offer a reasonable explanation for why data is not immediately available or why it is no longer in existence.
It was also a pleasure to meet again Chris Dale from the E-Disclosure Information Project. I first met Chris in Singapore at a Conference a couple of years ago and we have kept in touch. Indeed I owe a debt to Chris for it was he who recommended my participation to the Conference organisers. Chris, as always, played a valuable part of the Hong Kong Conference, sharing his experiences and insights in the E-Discovery field and often was able to point out some of the shortcomings in the way in which E-Discovery Rules are working. One observation that he made was in the context of E-Discovery as a process.
The process starts often before litigation actually begins – when in fact it is contemplated. Parties should start considering their E-Discovery obligations at this time. The various stages of the process (reflected in the EDRM diagram – EDRM means Electronic Discovery Reference Model) continue through the the presentation of documents at Court. I think I should point out that I do not consider the E-Discovery process to be of the "tick the boxes" type of process, nor one which involves a slavish adherence to a set step by step approach. In my view the process is in the form of a journey which carries on throughout the life of the litigation and which involves a number of steps or stages together with an on-going obligation on the part of counsel to meet, confer and co-operate and a requirement by the Court by way of Case Management Conferences to ensure that discovery is reasonable and proportionate. The Court can keep a steady guiding hand on the wheel as the parties continue on the E-Discovery journey. Chris's criticism of "E-Discovery as a process" was in the context of a slavish adherence to a step by step "plan" and I agree with that. But my view is that a process may have within it a certain flexibility. For example, a staged approach to electronic review may mean that different options become apparent as the review continues, allowing for modifications as review continues.
A copy of my paper delivered to the Symposium may be found below, along with a copy of my presentation.


At Dumpster Blog, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Liberty, NC, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
Your roll-off dumpster in Liberty, NC is only a phone call away. Don't delay!
Tired of all the clutter starting valuable space in your home or maybe on your lawn? After that don't wait for spring to swing into cleanup mode. Together with easy and affordable dumpster rentals from your community disposal corporation, you can eliminate years of built up junk right away and get back your real estate investment for superior use.
35 yard move off pots are normally used on the lower finish of the professional scale. They're able to handle a great deal of weight, which makes them great for dealing with waste via landscaping and heavy duty redevelopment projects.
Never procrastinate hiring a local dumpster assistance if your property is in a essential state. An excessive amount garbage, trash, and also clutter only leads to a lot more filth with an unhealthy circumstances. No one in fact wants to live this way, particularly when there are children and animals involved.
Now that you've got hired another person to remodel your own den, you will need to find a dumpster fast. You know that the particular mess will commence to pile up once the contractor will get working. You need to be able to contact a company which sends away next day dumpsters to rent.
Would you imagine the environment of a spot whose squander accumulated faster than they had the ability to dispose of? How many kids could be hurting because they were simply being little ones and became aware of some sharp object or something completely risky to their health? Think about the stress associated with waking up every day to animals dining out of the trash that has built up, or even discovering and stinking the animal squander. When you dispose of your trash in a building Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Liberty, NC you do not need to distinct recyclables; the dumpster corporation handles everything. This saves you actually time and energy.
Previous to dumpster arrives to your region, make sure that you help to make enough space at your work site to placed the dumpster. It should be placed in a location wherever it is easy for the truck driver to produce and acquire the dumpster. Lastly, you have to consult with the Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Liberty, NC corporation about the pricing of the Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Liberty, NC, check if the company features any hidden charges. It's also wise to know about the payment levied with the company about the extra discretion loaded to the dumpster and so on.
Dumpster rentals are actually a basic process. You must do some research before you pick the corporation and what is right for you. The size of the particular dumpster, disposal trash can or garbage trash can is one of the largest things that you'll discover to vary. Dumpsters usually are large, whilst disposal canisters are scaled-down.
You can have your own den refurbished to fit regarding how you use that. If you want that bigger, get rid of a wall membrane as mentioned above. If you need it a lot more professional looking you'll probably decide to have solid wood bookshelves installed. You may need a bigger area which means your clients may sit a lot more comfortably. If you have more than one buyer from the very same business appear at a time, you do not need one person or more sitting outside your den in a different room.
However, if you want to sit back and also relax although your useless problem almost takes care of on its own, full-service trash haulers would be the way to go. With this type of junk removing service, in addition the company give you a receptacle for the unwanted products, they also bunch the trash and also haul the item away. It means you won't ought to lift the finger to acquire that real estate cleanout or equipment disposal work finished. Great for homeowners that do not have the time as well as inclination to manage their own garbage removal, such a hands-on junk trucking is also well suited for commercial property or home cleanup and in many cases foreclosure cleanouts. Should the thought of perspiring and stressing has had an individual putting off the project of claiming back your crawl space, garage, and other junk crammed space, don't allow it stop you anymore. Obtain garbage removing done absolutely and correctly, from start to finish, whenever you call your location junk removal today.
There are lots of sized Annapolis Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Libertys offered including a medium sized dumpster with small wheels on it. Any dumpster with small wheels on it is definitely movable and is used to finish various washing projects previously. Larger dumpsters can be placed in the area of your choice on your property. Next day delivery options produce cleanup basic and efficient. Speedy pickup of a full dumpster is also an asset to construction dumpster. You can certainly and easily have your premises cleaned up and looking out its best.
Don't believe in a quote from a junk hauler that will not offer to be sold and give totally free on-site estimates. It's impossible for a junk removing service to provide you with an accurate value without finding exactly what useless or waste products you have to be taken away away. As well as being nice to acquire an on-site estimate. This is also a way of judging the products customer service a firm offers without having a dime. Now is your opportunity to view the volume of your truck. Size is important! Anytime which construction need to be done with a building, whether it's small or large range, residential or commercial, there'll be an immense number of trash and also debris that can need to go some time, and dumpster rentals for technicians are quite effortless. The law isn't going to allow it to remain unclean, there must be a continual flow associated with clearing the particular sight.
It will be possible to rent the dumpster with almost any dumpster service. Do not forget that dumpsters come in various sizes, small, moderate, and large. A little dumpster will hold 2 a lot of debris or so. Large dumpsters are suitable for large building jobs and residential renovations. Substantial dumpsters hold 3 a lot of debris if not more. If you rent the dumpster, your home plus the renovation spot will stay clean up at all times. Your house or organization will also remain safe for the family and also visitors.
On a sadder note maybe your parents came down along with illness and want to move into a nursing home. Or maybe your parent's both have passed away and you also need to get their apartment sold. You know your mum's or dad's have built up a lot of things from years of recollections and you would like to save the particular sentimental products and toss the junk very last thing that.
Guide in making the city, group and area more gorgeous. When you engage a Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Liberty, NCs support they offer you dumpsters wherein you may dump non-biodegradable squanders and other damaging waste products from in and around the building site. Like this, you residence will also search more gorgeous and attractive to the viewers and people who will walk beyond your home.
Brand name! Your convenience choice ought to have developed a great logo and colour scheme because of their business that is easily recognizable and speaks to the level of professionalism and trust you get when you call. Marketing is a way the good firms differentiate their selves from all some other disposal as well as Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Liberty, NC businesses in the area.
One of the crucial sides of managing a commercial clients are waste management. It is important to use a place which you could dispose of spend and have the item transported aside. Many companies find that Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Liberty, NCs along with other solid spend services are essential to the each day function of the business. In this case, Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Liberty, NCs is a great option that can solve the waste management problems. Not only will these leases be important with regard to businesses, nevertheless Cost of a Roll Off Dumpster in Liberty, NCs is an excellent decision for residents at the same time who may need some extra junk services. Needless to say, whether you are renting dumpsters with regard to commercial or residential work with, there are some crucial facts you will need to keep in mind.
In order to avoid trouble and be sure future dives, don't degrade your pleasant. Above all, admiration off-limits areas and private property. Don't leave in pretty bad shape. Don't yell, play loud music, or maybe make excessive noise. Remain quiet as well as efficient; providing you leave minimal trace within your dive, that will fruitful dumpster will not get locked up for your returning trip. Likewise, remember to partition the goods likewise with your teammates.
Get a dumpster in Dc, Virginia, Baltimore or any other area of the United States that's wheels. The actual wheels will make moving the dumpster easy. You'll not have to stroll back and forth when you move farther away from the area the dumpster was first relaxing.
A dumpster is undoubtedly an American expression meaning some sort of garbage container. This junk bin is mobile and may therefore always be moved around. The main function of a dumpster is storing junk for a short period of your energy before it is purged into a junk truck links around it's possible two times a 7 days depending on the agreement. These kind of dumpsters are used for disposal many kinds of waste material and in addition recycling functions. Apartments, schools, businesses, workplaces and professional sites currently have dumpsters to store spend. Front loading-trucks, who have large prongs are widely-used to empty most of these dumpsters. They have hydraulics used for lifting the dumpsters and then make use of them to vacant its subject matter in the vehicles hopper.
These business oriented dumpsters usually have a full end opening for hauling things into your big box, with an opening inside the top so that roof staff, for instance, can just chuck shingles and aged roof wood directly into the dumpster, conserving labor. Many are completely start on the top. if the rental costs will be determined after you visit the website, and may depend on how big is your junk heap, precisely what is in it, whether or not recyclables have to be divided -- or even might be separated, just how long you need the dumpster for, and the way big it really is.