text:
24x25 Final Sullivan Show: Melanie; David Frye; Sandler & Young (March 28, 1971)
Scheduled guests: --Melanie - ""Look What They've Done to My Song, Ma,"" ""Ruby Tuesday"" and ""Alexander Beetle"" --Joanna Simon (mezzo-soprano) - ""My Heart at Thy Sweet Voice"" --David Frye (impressionist) --Danny Davis & the Nashville Brass --Tony Sandler & Ralph Young (singers) --Norman Wisdom (comedian) --Vic Perry (sleight-of-hand artist) --Tony Fane (comedian) --Lennie Schultz (comedian)
24x24 Bernadette Peters / George Hamilton / Oliver (March 21, 1971)
Guests: --Oliver - ""Early Morning Rain"" & ""Walking Down the Line"" --Bernadette Peters - ""Look for the Silver Lining"" --Bernadette Peters & Oliver - ""Yes, Yes, Bernadette"" --George Hamilton - ""If I Could Read Your Mind"" (and possibly ""This Time"") --The Phil Driscoll Explosion - ""California Dreamin'"" --Young Saints - ""Shout,"" ""Oh, Happy Day"" & ""Didn't It Rain?"" --Georgie Kaye (comedian) --Skiles and Henderson (comedy team)
24x23 Armed Forces Music Festival: Jeannie C. Riley; Teresa Graves (March 07, 1971)
Armed Forces Music Festival: --Jeannie C. Riley - ""Oh, Singer"" & ""Harper Valley PTA"" (2nd song on film) --Teresa Graves - ""I'm Gonna Make You Love Me"" --Roy Clark - ""Foggy Mountain Breakdown"" (on banjo) --Joe Lewis (boxer, interviewed by Sullivan) --Louis Nye (stand-up comedian) --Brian Stewart (""Love Story"" theme) --Peter Gennero (""This is the Army"" dance routine) --General William Westmoreland (cameo, stage bow) Military talent: --Major Don Kidder & Sons (barbershop quartet from Clark AFB, the Phillippines) - ""Bring Back Those Good Old Days"" --Staff Sergeant Richard Martin (harmonica player from Kelly AFB, Texas) - ""St. Louis Blues"" --Old Guard Fife and Drum Corp (from Fort Myer) --The United States Army Drill Team --Fred (folk trio consisting of Sergeant Cruise, Army Specialist Hoffman & Bonnie Hoffman) - ""That's When I Come Running Into Your Mind"" Finale: Entire cast sings medley of Service songs: ""Anchor's Aweigh,"" ""Air Force Song, ""Marine's Hymn,"" ""A
24x22 Everly Brothers / George Carlin / Shirley Bassey (February 28, 1971)
Guests: --Everly Brothers - ""Bowling Green,"" ""Mama Tried,"" ""All I Have to Do Is Dream"" and ""Bye Bye Love"" --Shirley Bassey - ""What About Today"" & ""Yesterday When I Was Young"" --George Carlin (comedian) - routine about eyes, hair & Muhammed Ali (upcoming fight with Joe Frazier plug) --Jerry Butler - ""Where Are You Going?"" --David Brenner --The Brockways (acrobatic/bicycle act) - man & woman do tricks on bicycles. --Tybee & Antonio (dancers) - couple dances to instrumental song. Jungle-themed exotic dance. Also: A French Restaurant skit with Ed Sullivan, Shirley Bassey & Sid Caesar.
24x21 Fifth Dimension / Tiny Tim & Miss Vickie / Connie Stevens (February 21, 1971)
Guests: --The Fifth Dimension - ""Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes"" & medley: ""Up Up and Away,"" ""One Less Bell to Answer,"" ""Stoned Soul Picnic,"" ""Wedding Bell Blues,"" & ""Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In"" --Connie Stevens and the Fifth Dimension - ""Puppet Man"" --Tiny Tim and Miss Vicki - ""Why"" --Connie Stevens - medley: ""It's a Blue World,"" ""If I Didn't Care,"" ""Hey Daddy,"" ""Tell Me Why,"" ""Big Girls Don't Cry"" & ""You Keep Me Hanging On"" --Rodney Dangerfield --Jim Henson's Muppets --John Bryner (comedian doing celebrity impressions) --Dickie Henderson - ""One for My Baby""
24x20 Gladys Knight & the Pips / Sid Caesar & Carol Channing (February 07, 1971)
Guests: --Gladys Knight & the Pips - ""If I Were Your Woman"" & ""Bridge Over Troubled Water"" --Sid Caesar & Carol Channing (do a scene from the play ""Four on a Garden"") --Robert Klein (stand-up comedian) - tells jokes about going to the dentist. --Jerry Vale - ""I Want To Make It With You,"" ""My Love, Forgive Me,"" & ""Peace in the Valley"" --Caterina Valente - ""Everybody Gets to go to the Moon,"" ""Mack the Knife"" (in German) & ""The Girl from Impanema"" (in Portuguese) --Peter Nero (pianist) - theme from ""Love Story"" --Pat Henry (comedian) CBS repeated this show on June 6, 1971. NOTE: The 1990's repeat of this episode includes performers from other shows: Jim Bailey (from 3Jan71); Santini Demon (from 15Feb70); O.C. Smith (from 3Jan71) and Jackie DeShannon (circa March 1970).
24x19 Temptations / Connie Stevens / Albert Brooks (January 31, 1971)
Temptations (""Get Ready,"" ""Just My Imagination"" & medley of hits: ""Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours,"" ""Ain't No Mountain High Enough,"" ""I'll Be There"" & ""My Sweet Lord"") Other guests: Albert Brooks; Connie Stevens (""Tea for Two""); Connie Stevens & Peter Gennaro (spoof Ginger Rogers & Fred Astaire); Stiller & Meara; Doug Kershaw (Cajun fiddler - ""Glinda"").
24x18 B.J. Thomas / Rahsaan Roland Kirk / Nancy Ames (January 24, 1971)
Guests: --B.J. Thomas - ""No Love At All"" & medley of songs (""Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head,"" ""Most of All"" & ""I Just Can't Help Believin'"") --B.J. Thomas & Nancy Ames - ""Your Song"" --Nancy Ames - ""Lady Love"" & ""Heaven Help Us All"" --Rahsaan Roland Kirk (jazz musician) - ""Haitian Fight Song."" (with other jazz musicians, please see ""Recap""). --Sergio Franchi - ""Close to You"" & ""No Man is an Island"" --Peter Gennaro (dancer) - ""Impossible Dream"" --Jim O'Brian (football player) --Godfrey Cambridge (comedian)
24x17 Tony Bennett, The Muppets (January 10, 1971)
24x16 scheduled: Rodney Dangerfield; Lana Cantrell; O.C. Smith (January 03, 1971)
Guests: --O.C. Smith - ""Friend,Lover, Woman, Wife,"" ""Can't Take My Eyes Off You"" & ""Little Green Apples"" --Jim Bailey (female impressionist) out of costume, talks to Ed about how he got started doing his act. --Jim Bailey (female impersonator as Judy Garland) - ""The Man That Got Away"" Additional guests/songs (scheduled): --O.C. Smith - ""What the World Needs Now"" --Rodney Dangerfield (comedian) --Lana Cantrell - ""Being Alive,"" ""Put a Little Love in Your Heart"" & ""Reach Out and Touch"" --Sergio Franchi - ""Quando, Quando, Quando,"" ""Just Say I Love Her,"" ""Jean"" & ""What Are You Doing the Rest of Your Life?"" --The Bayanihan Philippine Dancers
24x15 scheduled: Bobbie Gentry; Friends of Distinction; Peter Nero (December 27, 1970)
Scheduled guests: --Bobbie Gentry --Friends of Distinction - possible song: ""Grazing In The Grass"" --Peter Nero --Steve Rossi --Slappy White --Pat Cooper --Goose Creek Symphony --Billy Baxter
24x14 The Great Santa Claus Switch with Art Carney and the Muppets (December 20, 1970)
Christmas special with Art Carney and the Muppets Art Carney plays two roles: Santa Claus and Cosmo, the King of Evil. Ed Sullivan narrates the show.
24x13 scheduled: Bobby Sherman; New Seekers; Robert Merrill (December 13, 1970)
Scheduled guests: --Bobby Sherman - ""Going Home"" & ""Song of Joy"" --The New Seekers - ""Your Song"" --Robert Merrill - ""If I Were a Rich Man"" --Marilyn Michaels --Guy Marks --Les Ballets Africains (troupe that performs traditional African dances)
24x12 Grass Roots / Joey Heatherton / Pat Cooper (December 06, 1970)
--The Veterans (comedy group) --The Three Degrees (female vocal trio) - do imitations of other female singering groups including the Supremes. --The Three Degrees - ""I Do for the Rest of My Life"" --Peter Gennaro (dancer, imitating Charlie Chaplin) --Pat Cooper (stand-up comedian) --The Oakland Raiders Football Team - sing Christmas song --Bobbi Martin - ""For the Love of Him"" --Scoey Mitchell (comedian) --The Grass Roots - ""Wait A Million Years"" & medley: ""Midnight Confessions,"" ""Live for Today"" & ""Temptation Eyes"" --Pat Cooper & Scoey Mitchell (comedians) - comedy sketch about Italian & Black neighbors --Audience bows: Walter Kennedy; Pearl Harbor survivors --Benitez (singer from Puerto Rico)
24x11 scheduled: Buck Owens; Joan Rivers; Norm Crosby (November 29, 1970)
Scheduled guests: --Buck Owens - ""Bridge Over Troubled Water"" & ""Heartbreak Mountain"" --Joan Rivers --Norm Crosby --Doug Previn --Jim Bailey --Dick Jensen --Lahman & Barkley --Albert Lucas (magician)
24x10 Richard Rogers Tribute: Shirley Jones; Cass Elliott (November 22, 1970)
A Salute to Richard Rodgers (broadcast from the Hollywood Bowl): --Johnny Mathis - ""My Funny Valentine"" --Johnny Mathis & the Lennon Sisters - ""Johnny One Note"" --'Mama' Cass Elliott - ""The Girlfriend"" --Johnny Mathis - ""The Lady Is A Tramp"" --The Lennon Sisters - ""Where or When"" ""Oklahoma"" songs: --John Davidson - ""Oh, What A Beautiful Morning"" --John Davidson - ""Surrey With A Fringe On Top"" (Davidson singing to Jeanie C. Riley & Minnie Pearl) --John Davidson & Jeannie C. Riley - ""People Will Say We're In Love"" --Oklahoma (Broadway cast) - ""The Farmer & The Rancher Can't Be Found"" & ""Oklahoma"" ""The King and I"" songs: --Shirley Jones - ""Whistle a Happy Tune"" --Herschel Bernadi and Shirley Jones dialogue from play --Shirley Jones & Herschel Bernadi - ""Shall We Dance?"" --Danny Kaye - (1) Ed Sullivan interviews Kaye (2) Kaye sings ""Two By Two"" ""Sound of Music"" medley: --Johnny Mathis, Cass Elliott, John Davidson, Lennon Sisters, Shirley Jones, Hersche
24x09 Tommy Roe / Billy Joe Royal / Joe South (November 15, 1970)
Guests: --Tommy Roe - ""Dizzy"" & ""Oh Heather Honey"" --Billy Joe Royal - ""Cherry Hill Park"" & ""I Knew You When"" --Joe South - ""Don't It Made You Want to Go Home"" & ""Walk A Mile in my Shoes"" --Joe South, Billy Joe Royal & Tommy Roe - ""Games People Play"" --Dick Gregory (comedian) --Abbe Lane - sings a Gospel medley --Tony Fayne (comedian) --Jeremy Vernon (comedian) --Natalya Makarova (pas de deux from ""Swan Lake"")
24x08 Four Tops / Carpenters / Freda Payne (November 08, 1970)
Ed & guests entertain wounded GI's at Walter Reed Army Hospital --Four Tops - ""Put A Little Love In Your Heart"" & ""It's All in the Game"" --Carpenters - (medley of Burt Bacharach songs): ""Close to You,"" ""Easier on Yourself,"" ""Always Something There to Remind Me,"" ""Never Fall in Love Again,"" ""Walk on By"" & ""Do You Know the Way to San Jose"" --Freida Payne - ""Band of Gold,"" ""Deeper and Deeper"" ""Getting to Know You"" --Hank Williams, Jr. - ""All For The Love Of Sunshine"" --Rodney Dangerfield (stand-up comedy) --Ron Carey (stand-up, Sargeant Monk Bit) --Dick Ryan (magic act & card tricks)
24x07 Bobbie Gentry / Melba Moore / Roy Clark (November 01, 1970)
Guests: --Bobbie Gentry - ""I Want You Back"" & ""Benjamin"" --Richard Pryor (comedian) - talks about life in the ghetto --Melba Moore - ""He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"" (and possibly ""Purley"") --Roy Clark - ""Malaguena"" & ""Thank God and Greyhound, You're Gone"" --Fenella Fielding (singer-comedian) - ""Don't Let Me Down"" --Stanley Myron Handelman (comedian) CBS repeated this show on April 25, 1971.
24x06 U.N. 25th Anniversary: The New Seekers / Ravi Shankar (October 25, 1970)
25th Anniversary of United Nations celebration (with performers from all around the world). Guests: --Ravi Shankar - ""Raga"" (classic Sitar selection) --The New Seekers (from Australia) - ""Look What They've Done to My Song, Ma"" --Astrud Gilberto (from Brazil) - medley of Bossa-nova songs including ""The Girl from Ipanema"" --Vladmir Krainev (Russian pianist) - Chopin Etude # 3 ""Winter Winds"" --The Young Americans - ""Through Children's Eyes"" & ""What the World Needs Now Is Love"" --Tokyo Kid Brothers (dancers) --Ballet Africains (African ceremonial songs & dances) --The Lado Dancers (Yugoslavian folk dancers) --Raphael (from Spain) - ""Hallelujah"" & ""Hava Nagila"" --The Idla Girls (gymnastic drill team from Sweeden)
24x05 Carpenters / B.B. King / Tony Bennett (October 18, 1970)
Guests: --The Carpenters - ""Close to You"" & ""We've Only Just Begun"" --B.B. King - ""Just A Little Bit of Love"" and medley: ""How Blue Can You Get"" / ""The Thrill Is Gone"" --Tony Bennett - ""Something"" (Beatles song), ""Get Happy"" & ""I'll Begin Again"" (song from the movie ""Scrooge""). --George Burns (stand-up comedy) - comments on nudity in show business (current movies, night clubs) --Robert Klein (stand-up comedy) - comments on the World Series (interviews with athletes, school bands in half-time show) --New York City Stickball Team (comedy routine) --Albert Almoznino - makes shadow puppets on wall --1970 Harvest Moon Ball Dance Champions (winners from different categories: polka, rhumba, etc. )
24x04 scheduled: Arthur Godfrey; Loretta Lynn (October 11, 1970)
Scheduled guests: --Arthur Godfrey --Sonny James --Loretta Lynn - ""Coal Miner's Daughter"" --Archie Campbell --Stony Mt. Cloggers --Judi Ford (Miss America '69)
24x03 Melanie / Engelbert Humperdinck / Tiny Tim (October 04, 1970)
Guests: --Melanie - ""Peace Will Come"" --Englebert Humperdinck - ""The Good Life,"" ""Sweetheart"" and ""My Way"" --The Blossoms - ""Get Ready"" --Tiny Tim - (medley of children's songs): ""On the Good Ship Lollipop,"" ""Water That's Hot, Water That's Cold"" & ""Two Times A Day I Always Brush My Teeth"" --David Steinberg (stand-up comedian) --Skiles & Henderson (comedy team) --A scene from play ""1776"" (with William Daniels, John Cullum, Roy Poole)
24x02 Bobby Vinton / Rare Earth / Holiday on Ice (September 27, 1970)
Guests (live from the Baltimore Civic Center): --Bobby Vinton - medley: ""London Bridge,"" ""Knees Up Mother Brown,"" ""Whoops-A-Daisy,"" ""I'm A Londoner"" & ""The Old Bamboo"" --Bobby Vinton - ""It's a Long Way to Tipperary"" --Bobby Vinton - ""For Me and My Gal"" (with Karen Wyman) --Rare Earth - ""I'm Losing You"" & ""Let the Sunshine In"" (on ice w/ skaters) --Karen Wyman - Edith Piaf medley: ""Milord,"" ""If You Love Me,"" ""Love Is Like Champagne"" & ""La Vie En Rose"" --Joe Jackson (hobo clown rides a bike which falls apart) ""Holiday on Ice"" segments (1970 edition of ice show): --Tommy Allen & Juanita Percelly (ice skating pair) (1) skate in a Russian production number (2) skate to ""Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head"" & ""I'll Never Fall In Love Again"" --Marei Langenbein and Ray Balmer (skaters doing classical and modern ballets) --John LaDue & Alfredo Mendoza - skaters in a ""Ferdinand the Bull"" story --In a production number, the Holiday on Ice Corps de Ballet do a tribute to Sonja Hen
24x01 The Georgie Awards: Barbra Streisand / Blood Sweat & Tears / Tom Jones (September 20, 1970)
The Georgie Award (Entertainer of the Year Award Show - from Caesars Palace) Performers: --Barbra Streisand - ""On A Clear Day"" --Blood Sweat & Tears - ""Lucretia McEvil"" --Tom Jones - ""Cabaret"" --Melba Moore - ""I Got Love"" --Peter Gennaro Dancers (production number) --The Flying Alexanders (trapeze act) Awards: --Lucille Ball presents award to Carol Burnett. --Marc Copage & Michael Ling present Outstanding Animal Act trophy to Tanya The Elephant. --Tom Smothers presents award to Flip Wilson. --Milton Berle presents award to Radio City Music Hall. --Milton Berle Presents award To James Gould, President Of Radio City Music Hall. --Danny Thomas & Jack Haley, Sr. presents Golden Award to Jimmy Durante (who's not there to accept award.) --Sullivan presents award to Bob Hope.


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Melvyn John Stride, dit Mel Stride, né le  à Ealing (Grand Londres), est un homme politique britannique.

Membre du Parti conservateur, il est notamment leader de la Chambre des communes et lord président du Conseil du  au  dans le second gouvernement de Theresa May. Il siège à la Chambre des communes du Royaume-Uni pour Central Devon depuis le .

Jeunesse et études
Mel Stride naît à Ealing, dans l'ouest de Londres. Il a fait ses études à la Portsmouth Grammar School, puis à St Edmund Hall, où il est élu président de l'Oxford Union. Avec sa femme Michelle Stride, il monte une entreprise spécialisée dans le commerce, Venture Marketing Group.

Carrière politique

Chambre des communes du Royaume-Uni
Il est choisi comme candidat conservateur pour Central Devon en 2006 après que son nom soit ajouté à la Conservative A-List, une liste de potentiels candidats pour des sièges parlementaires, demandée par David Cameron, alors chef de l'opposition officielle. Il est élu député de la circonscription de Central Devon aux élections générales de 2010. Il est réélu en 2015 et 2017.

Carrière ministérielle
Nommé lord commissaire du Trésor par Cameron en 2015, il n'est pas reconduit lors de l'entrée en fonction de Theresa May en tant que Première ministre l'année suivante, du fait de sa nomination à la fonction de Comptroller of the Household. Pendant la campagne du référendum sur l'appartenance du Royaume-Uni à l'Union européenne, il est partisan de maintien.

En 2017, dans le second gouvernement de Theresa May, il change de poste pour devenir secrétaire financier du Trésor, avec également le titre de Paymaster General. À la suite de la démission d'Andrea Leadsom pour cause d'opposition à la stratégie du Brexit de May en 2019, il est nommé leader de la Chambre des communes et lord président du Conseil par cette dernière. Jacob Rees-Mogg, soutien du retrait du Royaume-Uni de l'Union européenne lors du référendum de 2016, le remplace lors de l'entrée en fonction du gouvernement de Boris Johnson, moins de trois mois plus tard.

Références

Liens externes

 Site officiel
 Profil du député conservateur Mel Stride
 Chaîne officielle sur YouTube

Député du 58e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 57e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 56e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 55e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Président de l'Oxford Union
Étudiant de St Edmund Hall (Oxford)
Naissance en septembre 1961
Naissance à Ealing
Député du Parti conservateur (Royaume-Uni)
Représentant de l'Angleterre à la Chambre des communes
Lord Président du Conseil
Leader de la Chambre des communes
Secrétaire d'État au Travail et aux Retraites

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Ayaz Bhuta is a British Paralympic Wheelchair Rugby Player who currently plays for the Great Britain National Wheelchair Rugby Team.
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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Illinois Case Law › Supreme Court of Illinois Decisions › 1977 › In Re Beasley
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In Re Beasley
66 Ill. 2d 385 (1977)
362 N.E.2d 1024
In re SHAWN BEASLEY, a Minor, Appellant (The People of the State of Illinois, Appellee). In re ROBERT CHATMAN, a Minor, Appellee (The People of the State of Illinois, Appellant). In re DANIEL BUTLER, a Minor, Appellee (The People of the State of Illinois, Appellant).
Nos. 48351, 48389.
Supreme Court of Illinois.
Opinion filed March 23, 1977.
Rehearing denied May 26, 1977.
*386 *387 *388 James J. Doherty, Public Defender, and David Hirsch-boeck, of Chicago (Frances Sowa, Donald S. Honchell, John Thomas Moran, Assistant Public Defenders, of counsel), for appellant Shawn Beasley and appellees Robert Chatman and Daniel Butler.
William J. Scott, Attorney General, of Springfield, and Bernard Carey, State's Attorney, of Chicago (James B. Zagel and Jayne A. Carr, Assistant Attorneys General, of Chicago, and Laurence J. Bolon and Kevin Sweeney, Assistant State's Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.
Theodore A. Gottfried, State Appellate Defender, of Springfield (Robert Agostinelli, Deputy Defender, and Verlin R. Meinz, Assistant Defender, of the office of the State Appellate Defender, of Ottawa, and Robert Davison, of the office of the State Appellate Defender, of Springfield, of counsel), amicus curiae.
Judgment affirmed. Appellate court reversed; circuit court affirmed.
MR. JUSTICE RYAN delivered the opinion of the court:
This case involves three proceedings in the circuit court of Cook County under the Juvenile Court Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 37, par. 701-1 et seq.). In each case the minor respondent admitted the allegations of the delinquency petition which charged that he had committed a crime. Each minor was adjudged to be a delinquent *389 and was committed to the Department of Corrections and each appealed. The appellate court affirmed the judgment as to Shawn Beasley. (35 Ill. App.3d 816.) Another division of the Appellate Court for the First District reversed the judgments as to Robert Chatman (36 Ill. App.3d 227) and as to Daniel Butler (36 Ill. App.3d 234). We allowed petitions for leave to appeal, and the cases were consolidated in this court. The common issue concerns what standards must guide a trial judge in assessing the due process sufficiency of juvenile delinquency proceedings wherein minors make admissions of guilt.
In this court all three minors argue that due process requires the trial judge in a juvenile proceeding to substantially comply with Supreme Court Rule 402 (58 Ill.2d R. 402) before accepting an admission by the minor that he committed the act alleged in the delinquency petition. They argue that the requirements of Rule 402 are indispensable to a determination of whether a minor has voluntarily and intelligently made an admission.
From the language of the rule it is apparent that it was adopted for the purpose of assuring certain procedural rights to defendants in criminal proceedings. Nothing in the rules suggests its intended application to other than criminal cases. Section 2-9 of the Juvenile Court Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch. 37, par. 702-9) clearly indicates that proceedings under the Act are not criminal. Although such a proceeding retains certain adversary characteristics, it is not in the usual sense an adversary proceeding, but it is one to be administered in a spirit of humane concern for and to promote the welfare of the minor as well as to serve the best interests of the community. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch. 37, par. 701-2.
The full expectation of the separate and distinct treatment of juveniles under the various State juvenile court acts has not been realized (see Kent v. United States, 383 U.S. 541, 16 L. Ed. 2d 84, 86 S. Ct. 1045; In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1, 18 L. Ed. 2d 527, 87 S. Ct. 1428; In re *390 Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 25 L. Ed. 2d 368, 90 S. Ct. 1068), and certain due process safeguards normally associated with criminal proceedings have been extended for the protection of juveniles to accord to them fundamental fairness. However, "the juvenile court proceeding has not yet been held to be a `criminal prosecution'." (McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, 403 U.S. 528, 541, 29 L. Ed. 2d 647, 658, 91 S. Ct. 1976.) As observed in McKeiver, it is not indicated that to assure the concept of fundamental fairness a juvenile proceeding should be developed into a fully adversary process or that the idealistic prospect of an intimate, informal protective proceeding be abandoned and the juveniles returned to the criminal court.
In support of our conclusion that Rule 402 was not intended to apply to other than criminal cases, we note that Rule 402 is contained in article IV of the Supreme Court Rules, which is entitled "Rules on Criminal Proceedings in the Trial Court." As the Supreme Court held in McKeiver, this court has held that delinquency proceedings, although subject to the protection of due process, are not criminal in nature. (See also People ex rel. Hanrahan v. Felt, 48 Ill. 2d 171; In re Fucini, 44 Ill. 2d 305; In re Urbasek, 38 Ill. 2d 535.) The observation that Rule 402 was never intended for use in delinquency proceedings finds further support in the fact that one of the admonitions required by the rule, that of the "defendant's" right to trial by jury, is wholly inapplicable to proceedings in juvenile court, where the respondent does not have a right to a jury trial. People ex rel. Carey v. White, 65 Ill. 2d 193; In re Presley, 47 Ill. 2d 50; In re Fucini.
In addition, Rule 402 is addressed to the standards for acceptance of pleas of guilty, but not to admissions, the juvenile equivalent of such pleas. "A plea of guilty is more than a confession which admits that the accused did various acts; * * * nothing remains but to give judgment and determine punishment." (Boykin v. Alabama (1969), 395 U.S. 238, 242, 23 L. Ed. 2d 274, 279, 89 S. Ct. 1709, *391 1711-12.) An admission, however, merely authorizes the court to find the minor to be delinquent. If the judge makes such a finding but decides that an adjudication of wardship is not in the best interests of the minor and the public, he may, even after an admission, dismiss the petition and discharge the minor. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch. 37, par. 704-8(1).
We further disagree with the contention of the minors that section 1-2(3)(a) of the Juvenile Court Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch. 37, par. 701-2(3)(a)) requires the use of Rule 402 in juvenile proceedings. That section of the Act provides: "The procedural rights assured to the minor shall be the rights of adults unless specifically precluded by laws which enhance the protection of such minors." Since, as noted above, the specific requirements of Rule 402 are not applicable to the peculiar protective procedures granted to juveniles, in the context of the instant case the quoted language from the Act means only that admissions in a Juvenile Court Act proceeding are entitled to protection at least equal to that constitutionally required for the making of guilty pleas in criminal trials. That is, the admission must be made intelligently and voluntarily, though not necessarily in accordance with Rule 402. Boykin v. Alabama held that it is error for a trial judge to accept a guilty plea without an affirmative showing that it is intelligent and voluntary; to do so would be a deprivation of due process. Though delinquency proceedings are subject to due process safeguards by virtue of both section 1-2(3)(a) of the Act and the holdings of In re Gault, In re Kent and In re Winship, it does not follow that use of Rule 402 is the only manner in which the protection of Boykin can be extended to such proceedings. Indeed, we have held that Rule 402 goes beyond the requirements of due process, in that not all its provisions are constitutionally mandated. People v. Nardi, 48 Ill. 2d 111.
Boykin and its progeny make clear precisely what the record must show before a guilty plea can be accepted as *392 voluntary and intelligent, and thus free of due process deficiencies. It was said in Boykin that a plea of guilty involves a waiver of the constitutional rights against compulsory self-incrimination, to trial by jury, and to confront one's accusers. The Supreme Court held that a voluntary and intelligent waiver of these rights cannot be presumed from a silent record.
Subsequently, it was held that Boykin does not require a trial court to recite to a defendant a litany of the rights which are waived by a guilty plea. What is required is that the record show an affirmative awareness of the consequences of a guilty plea. (United States v. Frontero (5th Cir.1971), 452 F.2d 406, 415; United States v. Ready (4th Cir.1972), 460 F.2d 1238; Wade v. Coiner (4th Cir.1972), 468 F.2d 1059, 1060-61; McChesney v. Henderson (5th Cir.1973), 482 F.2d 1101; Lockett v. Henderson (5th Cir.1973), 484 F.2d 62; Fontaine v. United States (6th Cir.1975), 526 F.2d 514; Casebeer v. United States (9th Cir.1976), 531 F.2d 949.) We agree with this assessment of Boykin, and we therefore hold that it was not necessary that the three minors involved in the present appeal be told by the trial judges that their admissions waived their rights against self-incrimination and their rights to confront their accusers, the two Boykin rights that are applicable to juvenile proceedings. It is sufficient to satisfy due process requirements that it be apparent from the record that the minors were aware of the consequences of their admissions; that is, that they understood their rights against self-incrimination, their rights to confront their accusers and their rights to a trial; that by the admissions they waived these rights and that the waiver conferred upon the court the authority to treat them in a manner authorized by the Juvenile Court Act.
The petition in Beasley's case alleged that the minor was delinquent in that he committed the offense of burglary by entering a railroad shanty without authority with intent to commit therein a theft. At the hearing, the *393 court, the respondent and the respondent's court-appointed counsel, Mr. Musberger, engaged in the following colloquy:
"MR. MUSBERGER: There is going to be an admission. THE COURT: All right. MR. MUSBERGER: Your Honor, the Respondent has been advised of his Constitutional Rights and after being so advised, he has elected to waive those rights and make an admission to the charge. THE COURT: Young man, were you advised of your legal Constitutional Rights when you spoke to the lawyer? THE RESPONDENT: Yes. THE COURT: And were you advised that you had a right to deny the burglary and that you had a right to trial in court? THE RESPONDENT: Yes. THE COURT: That you have a right to have your lawyer cross-examine all state's witnesses in open court? And you're presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt? That you have a right to have the state's attorney prove his case beyond a reasonable doubt? And that you admit to the burglary? THE RESPONDENT: Yes. THE COURT: Without any promises? THE RESPONDENT: Yes. THE COURT: And do you understand that I could send you away to the Department of Corrections? THE RESPONDENT: Yes."
In the Chatman case, the petition charged the minor with committing the offense of robbery in that by threatening the use of force he took $11.80 from the person of Leroy O'Neal. Two other minors are also involved in this offense. At the hearing, Mr. Fishman, an assistant public defender, represented Chatman and the following occurred in court:
"MR. FISHMAN: Present with Robert Chatman, is his mother. Your Honor, pursuant to a pretrial conference with *394 the State's Attorney's office, and after advising him of his right to a trial in this case, we are making an admission to the charge, your Honor. There will be also an admission as to the other co-respondents in this matter; however, the dispositions that will be ordered are different. THE COURT: Okay. * * * THE COURT: All right. Robert Chatman, how old are you? THE RESPONDENT CHATMAN: I am 14. * * * THE COURT: Now, each of you understand that you are charged with robbery, that is, by threatening the use of force to 11-year-old Leroy O'Neal, on the second day of August, 1974? THE RESPONDENTS: Yes. THE COURT: Now, you understand that you are entitled to a trial and that you don't have to make an admission in Court, and that you have the right to have the State's Attorney bring in whatever evidence they have to prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt? THE RESPONDENTS: Yes, sir. THE COURT: And when you make an admission it is true that you did commit a robbery, and you have given up your right for a trial? Each of you understand that? THE RESPONDENTS: Yes. THE COURT: Do each of you understand it is a delinquent Petition, and if you were found to be delinquent by the Court, the Court would have the power to remove you from your homes and place you in a State institution, or we might place you on probation or possibly on supervision, but one of those three things could happen as a result of what you did? Do you understand that? THE RESPONDENTS: Yes. THE COURT: All right. Then understanding what I've said, each of you still wishes to make an admission to what you did, robbery? Chatman first. THE RESPONDENT CHATMAN: Yes, sir. * * * THE COURT: Then we will enter the admission."
In the Butler case the petition alleged that the minor committed the offense of murder by shooting Peter *395 George. It also charged him with unlawful use of weapons by carrying a .32-caliber revolver on his person, with the offense of illegal person harboring a firearm in that the minor being under the age of 18 knowingly carried and possessed a .32-caliber revolver, and with the offense of involuntary manslaughter in causing the death of Peter George.
The last charge by leave of court was added by an amendment to the petition. At the hearing, Mr. Vaughns represented the minor and Mr. Solganick was the assistant State's Attorney who prosecuted the petition. The following colloquy occurred:
"MR. SOLGANICK: * * * Pursuant to a pre-trial conference, Counsel has indicated to me that there would be an admission to Counts Two and Four * * * alleging the offenses of unlawful use of weapon and of involuntary manslaughter. MR. VAUGHNS: That is correct, Your Honor. MR. SOLGANICK: Pursuant to that agreement, the State had indicated that it would recommend to the Court a finding of delinquency as to Counts Two and Four. * * * THE COURT: * * * [W]hat is your name, son? DANIEL BUTLER: Daniel Butler. THE COURT: How old are you? DANIEL BUTLER: Fourteen. THE COURT: Do you go to school? DANIEL BUTLER: Uh huh. MR. VAUGHNS: Say, `Yes, sir.' THE COURT: You do go to school. What school? DANIEL BUTLER: Moseley. THE COURT: Moseley. And what grade are you in there? DANIEL BUTLER: Eighth. THE COURT: Can you read and write? DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: Your lawyer tells me he has advised you of your Constitutional rights to the charges against you. DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: All right. You know about that. You know you are entitled to a trial, to have the witnesses *396 against you brought into Court, have them testify, to have your lawyer cross-examine them to be sure they are telling the truth. Do you understand that? DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: And, do you know that Court will do everything in its power to obtain for you any witnesses who exist who could testify in your favor? Do you understand that? DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: You have the right to remain silent at your trial. Do you understand that? DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: And, do you know that if you admit to this charge, I am going to find you delinquent and commit you to the Department of Corrections this afternoon? Do you understand that? DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: Now, knowing all of those things, Daniel, do you admit that on or about the 15th day of July, this year, you had, unlawfully in your possession, a thirty-two caliber revolver? DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: And, that on that day that you had occasion without going into the circumstances to fire that pistol or cause it to be discharged in such a way that resulted in the death of one Peter George? DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: You did that? DANIEL BUTLER: Yes, sir. THE COURT: All right. There will be leave to withdraw the denials. Accept the admission to Counts number Two and Four."
In each case the minor was represented by counsel who had informed him of his constitutional rights and appeared with him in court. The Supreme Court in Gault acknowledged the protective role of counsel in proceedings involving admissions by minors and stated:
"The participation of counsel will, of course, assist the police, Juvenile Courts and appellate tribunals in administering the privilege [against *397 self-incrimination]. If counsel was not present for some permissible reason when an admission was obtained, the greatest care must be taken to assure that the admission was voluntary, in the sense not only that it was not coerced or suggested, but also that it was not the product of ignorance of rights or of adolescent fantasy, fright or despair." 387 U.S. 1, 55, 18 L. Ed. 2d 527, 561, 87 S. Ct. 1428, 1458.
The clear implication of this language is that the courts can, to a degree, at least, rely upon the protection which a minor receives through the representation of counsel in assuring that the admissions are voluntary and are not made in ignorance of his rights.
In the three cases now before us, in addition to each minor being represented by counsel, the court addressed each one and ascertained that he knew that he had a right to deny allegations of the petition and require the State to prove the charges against him; to have a trial by the court and to confront the State's witnesses. Each was also informed that as a result of the admission the court could commit the minor to a State institution. In addition to these admonishments common to all three proceedings each judge further interrogated the minor concerning his understanding of his rights. We believe that the record in each of these cases discloses that the minors understood the consequences of their admissions. These warnings and interrogations, together with the fact that each minor was represented by counsel who stated he had informed his client of his constitutional rights which could be waived by an admission, lead us to conclude that the admissions made in these cases were voluntary and intelligent in nature and comported in all respects with the requirements of due process.
The judgment of the appellate court in cause No. 48351, In re Beasley, is affirmed. In cause No. 48389, In re Chatman and In re Butler, the judgments of the *398 appellate court are reversed and the judgments of the circuit court of Cook County are affirmed.
48351 Judgment affirmed.
48389 Appellate court reversed; circuit court affirmed.
of Supreme Court of Illinois opinions.


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text:
This article is about psychology. For the positive mental attitude, see Optimism.
Basic types
Cognitive/Cognitivism
Industrial and organizational
Psychology portal
Positive psychology is the scientific study of the "good life", or the positive aspects of the human experience that make life worth living. The discipline of positive psychology focuses on both individual and societal well-being.[1]
Positive psychology began as a new domain of psychology in 1998 when Martin Seligman chose it as the theme for his term as president of the American Psychological Association.[2][3][4] It is a reaction against psychoanalysis and behaviorism, which have focused on "mental illness", meanwhile emphasising maladaptive behavior and negative thinking. It builds further on the humanistic movement, which encouraged an emphasis on happiness, well-being, and positivity, thus creating the foundation for what is now known as positive psychology.[4]
Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, "The good life", reflection about what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.
Positive psychologists have suggested a number of ways in which individual happiness may be fostered. Social ties with a spouse, family, friends and wider networks through work, clubs or social organisations are of particular importance, while physical exercise and the practice of meditation may also contribute to happiness. Happiness may rise with increasing financial income, though it may plateau or even fall when no further gains are made.[5]
1 Definition and basic assumptions
1.2 Basic concepts
1.3 Research topics
2.3 Influences
2.3.1 Influences in Ancient History
3 Theory and methods
3.1 Initial theory: three paths to happiness
3.2 PERMA
3.3 Character Strengths and Virtues
3.4 Flow
4 Applications and research findings
5 Criticism
8.1 Footnotes
Definition and basic assumptions[edit]
Definition[edit]
Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi define positive psychology as "... the scientific study of positive human functioning and flourishing on multiple levels that include the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life."[6]
Basic concepts[edit]
Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, "the good life" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life. While not attempting a strict definition of the good life, positive psychologists agree that one must live a happy, engaged, and meaningful life in order to experience "the good life". Martin Seligman referred to "the good life" as "using your signature strengths every day to produce authentic happiness and abundant gratification".[7]
Positive psychology complements, without intending to replace or ignore, the traditional areas of psychology. By emphasizing the study of positive human development this field helps to balance other approaches that focus on disorder, and which may produce only limited understanding.[8] Positive psychology has also placed a significant emphasis on fostering positive self-esteem and self-image, though positive psychologists with a less humanist bent are less likely to focus as intently on the matter. [9]
The basic premise of positive psychology is that human beings are often drawn by the future more than they are driven by the past. A change in our orientation to time can dramatically affect how we think about the nature of happiness. Seligman identified other possible goals: families and schools that allow children to grow, workplaces that aim for satisfaction and high productivity, and teaching others about positive psychology.[10]
Those who practice positive psychology attempt psychological interventions that foster positive attitudes toward one's subjective experiences, individual traits, and life events.[11] The goal is to minimize pathological thoughts that may arise in a hopeless mindset, and to, instead, develop a sense of optimism toward life.[11] Positive psychologists seek to encourage acceptance of one's past, excitement and optimism about one's future experiences, and a sense of contentment and well-being in the present.[12]
Related concepts are happiness, well-being, quality of life, contentment,[13] and meaningful life.
Research topics[edit]
According to Seligman and Peterson, positive psychology is concerned with three issues: positive emotions, positive individual traits, and positive institutions. Positive emotions are concerned with being content with one's past, being happy in the present and having hope for the future. Positive individual traits focus on one's strengths and virtues. Finally, positive institutions are based on strengths to better a community of people.[10]
According to Peterson, positive psychologists are concerned with four topics: (1) positive experiences, (2) enduring psychological traits, (3) positive relationships, and (4) positive institutions.[8] According to Peterson, topics of interest to researchers in the field are: states of pleasure or flow, values, strengths, virtues, talents, as well as the ways that these can be promoted by social systems and institutions.[14]
To Martin Seligman, psychology (particularly its positive branch) can investigate and promote realistic ways of fostering more well-being in individuals and communities.
While the formal title "positive psychology", referring to a specific discipline within the field of psychology, has only existed for the past two decades [15] the concepts that form the basis of it have been present in religious and philosophical discourse for thousands of years. The field of psychology predating the use of the term positive psychology has seen researchers who focused primarily on topics that would now be included under the umbrella of positive psychology. [16]
The term positive psychology dates back at least to 1954, when Maslow's first edition of Motivation and personality was published with a final chapter titled "Toward a Positive Psychology."[17] In the second edition (1970), he removed that chapter, saying in the preface that "a positive psychology is at least available today though not very widely."[17] There have been indications that psychologists since the 1950s have been increasingly focused on the promotion of mental health rather than merely treating mental illness.[18][19]. From the beginning of psychology, the field has addressed the human experience using the "Disease Model," specifically studying and identifying the dysfunction of an individual.
Positive psychology began as a new area of psychology in 1998 when Martin Seligman chose it as the theme for his term as president of the American Psychological Association.[2][20] In the first sentence of his book Authentic Happiness, Seligman claimed: "for the last half century psychology has been consumed with a single topic only – mental illness",[21] expanding on Maslow's comments.[a] He urged psychologists to continue the earlier missions of psychology of nurturing talent and improving normal life.[23]
Development[edit]
The first positive psychology summit took place in 1999. The First International Conference on Positive Psychology took place in 2002.[23] More attention was given by the general public in 2006 when, using the same framework, a course at Harvard University became particularly popular.[24] In June 2009, the First World Congress on Positive Psychology took place at the University of Pennsylvania.[25]
The International Positive Psychology Association (IPPA) is a recently established association that has expanded to thousands of members from 80 different countries. The IPPA's missions include: (1) "further the science of positive psychology across the globe and to ensure that the field continues to rest on this science" (2) "work for the effective and responsible application of positive psychology in diverse areas such as organizational psychology, counselling and clinical psychology, business, health, education, and coaching", (3) "foster education and training in the field".[26]
The field of positive psychology today is most advanced in the United States and Western Europe. Even though positive psychology offers a new approach to the study of positive emotions and behavior, the ideas, theories, research, and motivation to study the positive side of human behavior is as old as humanity.[27]
Influences[edit]
Several humanistic psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Erich Fromm, developed theories and practices pertaining to human happiness and flourishing. More recently, positive psychologists have found empirical support for the humanistic theories of flourishing. In addition, positive psychology has moved ahead in a variety of new directions.
In 1984, Diener published his tripartite model of subjective well-being, positing "three distinct but often related components of wellbeing: frequent positive affect, infrequent negative affect, and cognitive evaluations such as life satisfaction".[28] In this model, cognitive, affective and contextual factors contribute to subjective well-being.[29] According to Diener and Suh, subjective well-being is "...based on the idea that how each person thinks and feels about his or her life is important".[30]
Carol Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being was initially published in 1989, and additional testing of its factors was published in 1995. It postulates six factors which are key for well-being, namely self-acceptance, personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relations with others.[31]
According to Corey Keyes, who collaborated with Carol Ryff and uses the term flourishing as a central concept, mental well-being has three components, namely hedonic (c.q. subjective or emotional[32]), psychological, and social well-being.[33] Hedonic well-being concerns emotional aspects of well-being, whereas psychological and social well-being, c.q. eudaimonic well-being, concerns skills, abilities, and optimal functioning.[34] This tripartite model of mental well-being has received extensive empirical support across cultures.[34][32][35][36]
Influences in Ancient History[edit]
While the formal title "positive psychology" has only been around for the past two decades [37] the concepts that form the basis of this field have been present in religious and philosophical discourse for thousands of years. The field of psychology predating the use of the term positive psychology has seen researchers who focused primarily on topics that would now be included under the umbrella of positive psychology. [38] Some view positive psychology as a meeting of Eastern thought, such as Buddhism, and Western psychodynamic approaches.[39] Other examples of the rich historical roots of positive psychology are present in the teachings of Aristotle, who emphasized the importance of happiness and well-being, which he referred to as eudaimonia.
Theory and methods[edit]
Main article: Well-being
There is no accepted "gold standard" theory in positive psychology, however the work of Seligman is regularly quoted.[40] So too the work of Csikszentmihalyi and older models of well-being, such as Carol Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being and Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being.
Initial theory: three paths to happiness[edit]
In Authentic Happiness (2002) Seligman proposed three kinds of a happy life which can be investigated:[41][40]
Pleasant life: research into the Pleasant Life, or the "life of enjoyment", examines how people optimally experience, forecast, and savor the positive feelings and emotions that are part of normal and healthy living (e.g., relationships, hobbies, interests, entertainment, etc.). Despite the attention given, Martin Seligman says this most transient element of happiness may be the least important.[42]
Good Life: investigation of the beneficial effects of immersion, absorption, and flow, felt by individuals when optimally engaged with their primary activities, is the study of the Good Life, or the "life of engagement". Flow is experienced when there is a positive match between a person's strength and their current task, i.e., when one feels confident of accomplishing a chosen or assigned task.[b]
Meaningful Life: inquiry into the Meaningful Life, or "life of affiliation", questions how individuals derive a positive sense of well-being, belonging, meaning, and purpose from being part of and contributing back to something larger and more permanent than themselves (e.g., nature, social groups, organizations, movements, traditions, belief systems).
PERMA[edit]
In Flourish (2011) Seligman argued that the last category of his proposed three kinds of a happy life, "meaningful life", can be considered as 3 different categories. The resulting acronym is PERMA: Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and purpose, and Accomplishments.[43] It is a mnemonic for the five elements of Martin Seligman's well-being theory:[40][44]
Positive emotions include a wide range of feelings, not just happiness and joy.[45] Included are emotions like excitement, satisfaction, pride and awe, amongst others. These emotions are frequently seen as connected to positive outcomes, such as longer life and healthier social relationships.[46]
Engagement refers to involvement in activities that draws and builds upon one's interests. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi explains true engagement as flow, a state of deep effortless involvement,[43] feeling of intensity that leads to a sense of ecstasy and clarity.[47] The task being done needs to call upon higher skill and be a bit difficult and challenging yet still possible. Engagement involves passion for and concentration on the task at hand and is assessed subjectively as to whether the person engaged was completely absorbed, losing self-consciousness.[45]
Relationships are essential in fueling positive emotions[48], whether they are work-related, familial, romantic, or platonic. As Christopher Peterson puts it simply, "Other people matter."[49] Humans receive, share, and spread positivity to others through relationships. They are important not only in bad times, but good times as well. In fact, relationships can be strengthened by reacting to one another positively. It is typical that most positive things take place in the presence of other people.[50]
Meaning is also known as purpose, and prompts the question of "why". Discovering and figuring out a clear "why" puts everything into context from work to relationships to other parts of life.[51] Finding meaning is learning that there is something greater than one's self. Despite potential challenges, working with meaning drives people to continue striving for a desirable goal.
Accomplishments are the pursuit of success and mastery.[45] Unlike the other parts of PERMA, they are sometimes pursued even when accomplishments do not result in positive emotions, meaning, or relationships. That being noted, accomplishments can activate the other elements of PERMA, such as pride, under positive emotion.[52] Accomplishments can be individual or community-based, fun- or work-based.
Each of the five PERMA elements was selected according to three criteria:
It contributes to well-being.
It is pursued for its own sake.
It is defined and measured independently of the other elements.
Character Strengths and Virtues[edit]
Main article: Character Strengths and Virtues
The development of the Character Strengths and Virtues (CSV) handbook (2004) represented the first attempt by Seligman and Peterson to identify and classify positive psychological traits of human beings. Much like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of general psychology, the CSV provided a theoretical framework to assist in understanding strengths and virtues and for developing practical applications for positive psychology. This manual identified 6 classes of virtues (i.e., "core virtues"), underlying 24 measurable character strengths.[53]
The CSV suggested these 6 virtues have a historical basis in the vast majority of cultures; in addition, these virtues and strengths can lead to increased happiness when built upon. Notwithstanding numerous cautions and caveats, this suggestion of universality hints threefold: 1. The study of positive human qualities broadens the scope of psychological research to include mental wellness, 2. the leaders of the positive psychology movement are challenging moral relativism, suggesting people are "evolutionarily predisposed" toward certain virtues, and 3. virtue has a biological basis.[54]
The organization of the 6 virtues and 24 strengths is as follows:
Wisdom and knowledge: creativity, curiosity, open-mindedness, love of learning, perspective, innovation
Courage: bravery, persistence, integrity, vitality, zest
Humanity: love, kindness, social intelligence
Justice: citizenship, fairness, leadership
Temperance: forgiveness and mercy, humility, prudence, self control
Transcendence: appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope, humor, spirituality
Recent research challenged the need for 6 virtues. Instead, researchers suggested the 24 strengths are more accurately grouped into just 3 or 4 categories: Intellectual Strengths, Interpersonal Strengths, and Temperance Strengths[55] or alternatively, Interpersonal Strengths, Fortitude, Vitality, and Cautiousness[56] These strengths, and their classifications, have emerged independently elsewhere in literature on values. Paul Thagard described examples; these included Jeff Shrager's workshops to discover the habits of highly creative people.[57] Some research indicates that well-being effects that appear to be due to spirituality are actually better described as due to virtue.[58]
Flow[edit]
In the 1970s Csikszentmihalyi's began studying flow, a state of absorption where one's abilities are well-matched to the demands at-hand. Flow is characterized by intense concentration, loss of self-awareness, a feeling of being perfectly challenged (neither bored nor overwhelmed), and a sense that "time is flying". Flow is intrinsically rewarding; it can also assist in the achievement of goals (e.g., winning a game) or improving skills (e.g., becoming a better chess player).[59] Anyone can experience flow, in different domains, such as play, creativity, and work. Flow is achieved when the challenge of the situation meets one's personal abilities. A mismatch of challenge for someone of low skills results in a state of anxiety; insufficient challenge for someone highly skilled results in boredom.[59]
Applications and research findings[edit]
Main article: Well-being contributing factors
Research in positive psychology, well-being, eudaimonia and happiness, and the theories of Diener, Ryff, Keyes and Seligman cover a broad range of topics including "the biological, personal, relational, institutional, cultural, and global dimensions of life".[6] A meta-analysis on 49 studies in 2009 showed that Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI) produced improvements in well-being and lower depression levels, the PPIs studied included writing gratitude letters, learning optimistic thinking, replaying positive life experiences and socializing with others.[60] In a later meta-analysis of 39 studies with 6,139 participants in 2012, the outcomes were positive. Three to six months after a PPI the effects for subjective well-being and psychological well-being were still significant. However the positive effect was weaker than in the 2009 meta analysis, the authors concluded that this was because they only used higher quality studies. The PPIs they considered included counting blessings, kindness practices, making personal goals, showing gratitude and focusing on personal strengths.[61]
Ilona Boniwell, in her book Positive Psychology in a Nutshell, provided the following summary of the current research. Wellbeing is related to optimism, extraversion, social connections (i.e. close friendships), being married, having engaging work, religion or spirituality, leisure, good sleep and exercise, social class (through lifestyle differences and better coping methods) and subjective health (what you think about your health). Wellbeing is not related to age, physical attractiveness, money (once basic needs are met), gender (women are more often depressed but also more often joyful), educational level, having children (although they add meaning to life), moving to a sunnier climate, crime prevention, housing and objective health (what doctors say).[62]
Sonja Lyubomirsky, in her book The How Of Happiness, says that to improve happiness individuals should create new habits; they can seek out new emotions, use variety and timing to prevent hedonic adaptation and enlist others to motivate and support during the creation of those new habits.[63] Lyubomirsky gives 12 happiness activities such as savouring life, learning to forgive and living in the present, each of which could become the basis for a new habit.
In Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness, the authors Compton and Hoffman give the "Top Down Predictors" of wellbeing as high self esteem, optimism, self efficacy, a sense of meaning in life and positive relationships with others. The personality traits most associated with well being are extraversion, agreeability and low levels of neuroticism.[64]
In the Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, Kreutzer and Mills argue for the principles of positive psychology to be implemented to assist those recovering from traumatic brain injury (TBR). They make the case that TBI rehabilitation practices rely on the betterment of the individual through engaging in everyday practices, a practice significantly related to tenets of positive psychology.[65] Their proposal to connect positive psychology with TBI vocational rehabilitation (VR) also looks at happiness and its correlation with improvements in mental health, including increased confidence and productivity, as well as others.[65] While the authors point out that empirical evidence for positive psychology is limited, they clarify that positive psychology's focus on small successes, optimism and prosocial behaviour is promising for improvements in the social and emotional well-being of TBI patients.[65]
Criticism[edit]
According to Kirk Schneider, positive psychology fails to explain past heinous behaviors such as those perpetrated by the Nazi party, Stalinist marches and Klan gatherings, to identify but a few. Furthermore, Schneider pointed to a body of research showing high positivity correlates with positive illusion, which effectively distorts reality.[66] The extent of the downfall of high positivity (also known as flourishing) is one could become incapable of psychological growth, unable to self-reflect, and tend to hold racial biases. By contrast, negativity, sometimes evidenced in mild to moderate depression, is correlated with less distortion of reality. Therefore, negativity might play an important role within the dynamics of human flourishing. To illustrate, conflict engagement and acknowledgement of appropriate negativity, including certain negative emotions like guilt, might better promote flourishing.[67] Overall, Schneider provided perspective: "perhaps genuine happiness is not something you aim at, but is a by-product of a life well lived – and a life well lived does not settle on the programmed or neatly calibrated."[68] Seligman has acknowledged in his work the point about positive illusion,[69] and is also a critic of merely feeling good about oneself apart from reality and recognises the importance of negativity / dysphoria.[70]
Ian Sample, writing for The Guardian, noted that, "Positive psychologists also stand accused of burying their heads in the sand and ignoring that depressed, even merely unhappy people, have real problems that need dealing with." Sample also quoted Steven Wolin, a clinical psychiatrist at George Washington University, as saying that the study of positive psychology is just a reiteration of older ways of thinking, and that there is not much scientific research to support the efficacy of this method.[71] Gable responds to criticism on their pollyanna view on the world by saying that they are just bringing a balance to a side of psychology that is glaringly understudied.[72] To defend his point, Gable points to the imbalances favouring research into negative psychological wellbeing in cognitive psychology, health psychology, and social psychology.[73]
Barbara S. Held argued that while positive psychology makes contributions to the field of psychology, it has its faults. She offered insight into topics including the negative side effects of positive psychology, negativity within the positive psychology movement, and the current division in the field of psychology caused by differing opinions of psychologists on positive psychology. In addition, she noted the movement's lack of consistency regarding the role of negativity. She also raised issues with the simplistic approach taken by some psychologists in the application of positive psychology. A "one size fits all" approach is arguably not beneficial to the advancement of the field of positive psychology; she suggested a need for individual differences to be incorporated into its application.[74]
Martin Jack has also maintained that positive psychology is not unique in its optimistic approach to looking at optimal emotional wellbeing, stating that other forms of psychology, such as counselling and educational psychology, are also interested in positive human fulfillment. He goes on to mention that, while positive psychology has pushed for schools to be more student-centred and able to foster positive self-images in children, he worries that a lack of focus on self-control may prevent children from making full contributions to society. [75]
Needs and Motives (Henry Murray)
Anatomy of an Epidemic
Aversion to happiness
Louise Burfitt-Dons
Culture and positive psychology
Happiness economics
Positive Neuroscience
Positive youth development
Posttraumatic growth
Psychological resilience
Rational ignorance
Sex-positive movement
Theory of humor
^ Maslow wrote:
The science of psychology has been far more successful on the negative than on the positive side. It has revealed to us much about man's shortcomings, his illness, his sins, but little about his potentialities, his virtues, his achievable aspirations, or his full psychological height. It is as if psychology has voluntarily restricted itself to only half its rightful jurisdiction, the darker, meaner half.[22]
^ See related concepts: Self-efficacy and play.
^ Seligman, Martin E. P.; Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2000). "Positive psychology: An introduction". American Psychologist. 55 (1): 5–14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 11392865.
^ a b "Time Magazine's cover story in the special issue on "The Science of Happiness", 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-07-11. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
^ Tal., Ben-Shahar (2007). Happier : learn the secrets to daily joy and lasting fulfillment. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0071510967. OCLC 176182574.
^ a b Srinivasan, T. S. (2015, February 12). The 5 Founding Fathers and A History of Positive Psychology. Retrieved February 4, 2017, from https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/founding-fathers/
^ Seligman, Martin E. P.; Steen, Tracy A.; Park, Nansook; Peterson, Christopher (2005). "Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions". American Psychologist. 60 (5): 410–421. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.7003. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410. PMID 16045394.
^ a b Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi 2000.
^ Seligman 2002, p. 13.
^ a b Peterson 2009.
^ Mruk, Christopher (April 2008). "The Psychology of Self-Esteem: A Potential Common Ground for Humanistic Positive Psychology and Positivistic Positive Psychology". The Humanistic Psychologist. 36 (2): 143–158. doi:10.1080/08873260802111176. ProQuest 212086932.
^ a b Seligman, Martin E.P. "Positive Psychology Center." Positive Psychology Center. University of Pennsylvania, 2007. Web. 12 Mar. 2013.
^ a b Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction (pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands.
^ Shesthra, Arjun (December 2016). "Positive psychology: Evolution, philosophical foundations, and present growth". Indian Journal of Positive Psychology. 7 (4): 460–465. ProQuest 1862867466.
^ Graham, Michael C. (2014). Facts of Life: ten issues of contentment. Outskirts Press. pp. 6–10. ISBN 978-1-4787-2259-5.
^ Peterson 2006.
^ Diener, Ed (2009-07-30), "Positive Psychology: Past, Present, and Future", The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, Oxford University Press, pp. 6–12, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0002, ISBN 9780195187243
^ a b Maslow, Abraham H. (1970). Motivation and Personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
^ Secker J (1998). "Current conceptualizations of mental health and mental health promotion" (PDF). 13 (1). Health Education Research. p. 58. Retrieved 2010-05-18. ... Amongst psychologists ... the importance of promoting health rather than simply preventing ill-health date back to the 1950s (Jahoda, 1958)
^ Dianne Hales (2010). "An Invitation to Health, Brief: Psychological Well-Being" (2010–2011 ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning. p. 26. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
^ "Positive Psychology: The Benefits of Living Positively". World of Psychology. 2013-03-11. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
^ Seligman 2002, p. xi.
^ Maslow, Motivation and Psychology, p. 354
^ a b Compton 2005, pp. 1–22.
^ Ben-Shahar, Ben (2007) "Happier -Learn the Secrets to Daily Joy and Lasting Fulfillment", First Edition, McGraw-Hill Co.
^ Reuters, Jun 18, 2009: First World Congress on Positive Psychology Kicks Off Today With Talks by Two of the World's Most Renowned Psychologists
^ International Positive Psychology Association (IPPA) (2011). international positive psychology association. Retrieved from "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-03-24. Retrieved 2013-03-23. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Compton, William C., and Edward Hoffman. Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Flourishing. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013. Print.
^ Tov & Diener (2013), Subjective Well-Being. Research Collection School of Social Sciences. Paper 1395. http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/1395
^ Costa Galinha, Iolanda; Pais-Ribeiro, José Luís (2011). "Cognitive, affective and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeing". International Journal of Wellbeing. 2 (1): 34–53. doi:10.5502/ijw.v2i1.3.
^ Diener, Suh, Ed, Eunkook (2000). Culture and Subjective Well-being. A Bradford Book. p. 4.
^ Carol Ryff's Model of Psychological Well-being. The Six Criteria of Well-Being
^ a b Robitschek, Christine; Keyes, Corey L. M. (2009). "Keyes's model of mental health with personal growth initiative as a parsimonious predictor". Journal of Counseling Psychology. 56 (2): 321–329. doi:10.1037/a0013954.
^ Keyes 2002.
^ a b Joshanloo, Mohsen (2015-10-23). "Revisiting the Empirical Distinction Between Hedonic and Eudaimonic Aspects of Well-Being Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling". Journal of Happiness Studies. 17 (5): 2023–2036. doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9683-z. ISSN 1389-4978.
^ Joshanloo, Mohsen; Lamers, Sanne M. A. (2016-07-01). "Reinvestigation of the factor structure of the MHC-SF in the Netherlands: Contributions of exploratory structural equation modeling". Personality and Individual Differences. 97: 8–12. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.089.
^ Gallagher, Matthew W.; Lopez, Shane J.; Preacher, Kristopher J. (2009-08-01). "The Hierarchical Structure of Well-Being". Journal of Personality. 77 (4): 1025–1050. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.x. ISSN 1467-6494. PMC 3865980. PMID 19558444.
^ Levine, Marvin (2000-05-01). The Positive Psychology of Buddhism and Yoga, 2nd Edition. doi:10.4324/9781410605665. ISBN 9781410605665.
^ a b c David Sze (2015), The Father of Positive Psychology and His Two Theories of Happiness
^ Seligman 2002, p. 275.
^ Wallis, Claudia (2005-01-09). "Science of Happiness: New Research on Mood, Satisfaction". TIME. Archived from the original on 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
^ a b Sze, David (2015-06-17). "The Father of Positive Psychology and His Two Theories of Happiness". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
^ "The World Question Center 2011— Page 2". Edge.org. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
^ a b c Seligman 2011, ch. 1.
^ "The Pursuit of Happiness". Archived from the original on 2015-01-09. Retrieved 2014-12-04.
^ "Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi TED talk".
^ "Healthy Lifestyle Tips".
^ "Other People Matter".
^ "Using Positive Psychology in Your Relationships".
^ "Why do You do What You Do?". 2013-09-06.
^ "The Science of a Happy Startup".
^ Peterson & Seligman 2004.
^ Peterson & Seligman 2004, p. 51.
^ Shryack, J.; Steger, M. F.; Krueger, R. F.; Kallie, C. S. (2010). "The structure of virtue: An empirical investigation of the dimensionality of the virtues in action inventory of strengths". Personality and Individual Differences. 48 (6): 714–719. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.007.
^ Brdr, I.; Kashdan, T.B. (2010). "Character strengths and well-being in Croatia: An empirical investigation of structure and correlates". Journal of Research in Personality. 44: 151–154. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.12.001.
^ Thagard, P. (2005). How to be a successful scientist. In M. E. Gorman, R. D. Tweney, D. C. Gooding & A. P. Kincannon (Eds.), Scientific and technological thinking (pp. 159- 171). Mawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
^ Schuurmans-Stekhoven, James (2011). "Is it God or just the data that moves in mysterious ways? How wellbeing researchers may be mistaking faith for virtue". Social Indicators Research. 100 (2): 313–330. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9630-7.
^ a b Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-016253-5.
^ Nancy L. Sin; Sonja Lyubomirsky (May 2009). "Enhancing Well-Being and Alleviating Depressive Symptoms With Positive Psychology Interventions:A Practice-Friendly Meta-Analysis". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 65 (5): 467–487, particularly 468, 471, 474, 483. doi:10.1002/jclp.20593.
^ Linda Bolier; et al. (2013). "Positive psychology interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies". BMC Public Health. 13 (119): 119. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-119. PMC 3599475. PMID 23390882.
^ Positive Psychology in a Nutshell, Ilona Boniwell, Open University Press, 2012, p.44
^ The How of Happiness, Sonja Lyubomirsky, 2007, Piatkus, p.270-p.294
^ Positive Psychology The Science of Happiness, William C. Compton and Edward Hoffman, Wadsworth, 2005, p.55-p.62
^ a b c Mills & Kreutzer 2016.
^ Schneider, K. (2011). "Toward a Humanistic Positive Psychology". Existential Analysis: Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis. 22 (1): 32–38.
^ Fredrickson, B. L.; Losada, M. F. (2005). "Positive Affect and the Complex Dynamics of Human Flourishing". American Psychologist. 60 (7): 678–686. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.678. PMC 3126111. PMID 16221001.
^ Schneider, Kirk J. (29 November 2010). "Toward a Humanistic Positive Psychology: Why Can't We Just Get Along?". Psychology Today. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
^ Seligman 1995, pp. 295–299.
^ Seligman 1995, pp. 41–42.
^ Sample, I. (19 November 2003). "How to be happy". The Guardian.
^ Gable, S. L., & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology?. Review of general psychology, 9(2), 103.
^ Shesthra, Arjun (December 2016). "Positive psychology: Evolution, Philosophical Foundations, and Present Growth". Indian Journal of Positive Psychology. 7 (4): 460–465.
^ Held 2004.
^ Martin, Jack (2006). "Self Research in Educational Psychology: A Cautionary Tale of Positive Psychology in Action". The Journal of Psychology. 140 (4): 307–16. doi:10.3200/JRLP.140.4.307-316. PMID 16967738. ProQuest 213832759.
Compton, William C. (2005). An Introduction to Positive Psychology. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing. ISBN 978-0-534-64453-6.
Held, Barbara S. (2004). "The Negative Side of Positive Psychology". Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 44 (1): 9–41. doi:10.1177/0022167803259645.
Keyes, Corey L. M. (2002). "The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life". Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 43 (2): 207–222. doi:10.2307/3090197. ISSN 0022-1465. JSTOR 3090197.
Mills, Ana; Kreutzer, Jeffrey (2016). "Theoretical Applications of Positive Psychology to Vocational Rehabilitation after Traumatic Brain Injury". Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. 26 (1): 20–31. doi:10.1007/s10926-015-9608-z. ISSN 1573-3688. PMID 26373862.
Peterson, Christopher (2006). A Primer in Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518833-2.
——— (2009). "Positive Psychology". Reclaiming Children and Youth. 18 (2): 3–7. ISSN 1089-5701. CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
Peterson, Christopher; Seligman, Martin E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516701-6.
Seligman, Martin E. P. (1995). The Optimistic Child. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company.
——— (2002). Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-2297-6. CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
——— (2004). "Can Happiness Be Taught?". Daedalus. 133 (2): 80–87. doi:10.1162/001152604323049424. ISSN 1548-6192. CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
——— (2011). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-1-4391-9076-0. CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
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Argyle, Michael (2001). The Psychology of Happiness. London: Routledge.
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Dalai Lama; Cutler, Howard C. (1998). The Art of Happiness. New York: Riverhead Books. ISBN 978-1-57322-111-5.
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Keyes, Corey L. M.; Haidt, Jonathan, eds. (2003). Flourishing: Positive Psychology and the Life Well-lived. Washington: American Psychological Association. pp. 275–289. ISBN 978-1-55798-930-7.
Kashdan, Todd (2009). Curious? Discover the Missing Ingredient to a Fulfilling Life. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-166118-1.
McMahon, Darrin M. (2006). Happiness: A History. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-87113-886-6.
Robbins, Brent Dean (2008). "What Is the Good life? Positive Psychology and the Renaissance of Humanistic Psychology" (PDF). The Humanistic Psychologist. 36 (2): 96–112. doi:10.1080/08873260802110988. ISSN 1547-3333.
Seligman, Martin (1990). Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life. Free Press.
Snyder, C. R.; Lopez, Shane J. (2001). Handbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford University Press.
Stebbins, R. A. (2015). Leisure and Positive Psychology: Linking Activities with Positiveness. Houndmills, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zagano, Phyllis; Gillespie, C. Kevin (2006). "Ignatian Spirituality and Positive Psychology" (PDF). The Way. 45 (4): 41–58. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
Wikiversity has learning resources about Positive psychology
Christopher Peterson, What Is Positive Psychology, and What Is It Not?
The 5 Founding Fathers and A History of Positive Psychology
The Father of Positive Psychology and His Two Theories of Happiness
University of Pennsylvania, Authentic Happiness, website of Martin Seligman
Martin Seligman presentation on positive psychology (Video) at TED conference
The Karma of Happiness: A Buddhist Monk Looks at Positive Psychology by Thanissaro Bhikkhu
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A beloved Lansing coffee shop was sold earlier in 2016. The new owners wanted to add a new meaning to the "jam" in Coffee Jam. Inside, you will not only find exquisitely crafted coffee beverages, but a long menu of food, and various instruments that you are welcome to play and entertain your fellow guests.
The new brand needed to keep the coffee, obviously, but support the open mic style of the updated atmosphere.


The CNC frame is one of those cheap kits that you can get on ebay for instance. Mine was around 200 euros, and it is actually a good value for the price. I built the kit and then replaced the electronic controller with an STM32F469 discovery board and an arduino CNC shield.
For the sandblaster itself, my father and I hacked this simple solution made from a soda bottle and pipes/fittings that you can find in any hardware store.
The sand is falling from the tank in a small tube mostly thanks to gravity. The sand tank still needs to be pressurised to avoid air coming up from the nozzle.
The sandblaster was then mounted to the CNC frame where the engraving spindle is supposed to be, and the sand tank is somewhat fixed above the machine. As you can shortly see on the video, I'm controlling the airflow manually as I didn't have a solenoid valve to make the machine fully autonomous.
On the software side I re-used my Ada Gcode controller from a previous project. I still wanted to add something to it, so this time I used a board with a touch screen to create a simple control interface.
This machine is actually not very practical. The 1.5 litre soda bottle holds barely enough sand to write 3 letters and the dust going everywhere will jam the machine after a few minutes of use. But this was a fun project nonetheless!


Welcome to the third and final installment of Quality Counts 2018, offering a deeper look at two pillars of our state-by-state ranking of the nation's public schools unveiled in January: the K-12 Achievement Index and the Chance-for-Success Index.
Leave aside the political wrangling—the incessant battles over money, policy, and personnel—that envelop the world of K-12 public education. The ultimate goal of the nation's school system is to assure that students are on a path to academic achievement and equipped with the tools they'll need to succeed in a complex and ever-changing society.
But what's the best way to define progress toward those twin goals? It's a subjective call and one that the Education Week Research Center tackles through a pair of data-driven yardsticks made up of more than 30 indicators that focus on multiple facets of this difficult question.
The aim is twofold: to measure student performance and advancement around the country and to show how a host of socioeconomic factors—not just what happens within the K-12 schoolhouse walls—help shape the opportunities for lifelong success state by state.
This year's two previous editions of Quality Counts sketched out broad national trends in comparing the nation's school systems and drilled down into the issue of school finance and how that affects school quality. The capstone report of the year incorporates fresh federal assessment data available since January—with adjustments in some grades and rankings—and offers a deeper exploration of what goes into the K-12 Achievement and Chance-for-Success Indexes.
The report also includes analysis from Education Week reporters on the challenges that researchers and policymakers face in deciding how best to capture the elusive picture of student achievement and what states have learned about the value of initiatives aimed at the early-childhood and postsecondary ends of the education spectrum.
As Education Week continues to update and refine its approach to Quality Counts, now in its 22nd year, the editors look forward to your feedback on this three-part annual approach and changes aimed at keeping the report vital for educators, policymakers, and the public.


"I will kill your dicks!"
A replacement cap for the left analog stick on Gamecube controllers. If your cap has snapped off or is broken, this replacement will fix it up. This is the plastic control arm cap that fits over the analog mechanism.


← Have you ever considered giving a tree rather than a flower?
Nice to hear a senior executive talk about the importance of being able to "enjoy the moment" outside of the business. the unexpected lunch with one of his daughters. Those are special moments and true leaders need to set that example for their employees. Even more important, have a culture within ther company that allows any employee to enjoy such a moment.


"Pack O' Pachyderms Tie by Alynn - Red Silk"
"Pack O' Pachyderms' quirky fun loving print is for the elephant enthusiast or someone with an eclectic style. Make a statement without raising your trunk or tooting your own horn in this red 100% silk tie by Alynn Neckwear. Imported.".
Alynn. red. male. Apparel & Accessories > Clothing Accessories > Neckties. Tie.


HOUSTON, July 26, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Quantum Energy Partners (Quantum), a leading provider of private equity capital to the global energy industry, announced today that Gabriel Alonso (Alonso) has joined the firm as Executive in Residence. Given Alonso's significant operating and development experience across the renewable energy sector, he will work with Quantum to identify, evaluate and execute on multiple investment opportunities across the renewable and technology segments of the energy industry.
Prior to joining Quantum, Alonso served as CEO of EDP Renewables North America LLC (EDPR NA), a subsidiary of Energias de Portugal, S.A. (EDP). During Alonso's tenure at EDPR NA, he led EDP's entrance into the United States renewables arena through the acquisition of Horizon Wind Energy (Horizon) in 2007. Under his leadership over the last decade, EDPR NA became the fourth largest renewable energy operator in North America by growing its installed capacity from 800 megawatts (MW) to approximately 6,000 MW. Moreover, Alonso chaired the Board of the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) between 2012 and 2013 and was a member of the Executive Committee and Board of Directors of AWEA for 10 years.
In addition, Quantum Energy Partners Fund VII has established a new renewable energy company called ConnectGen LLC (ConnectGen) that is headquartered in Houston, TX. Quantum and senior members of the ConnectGen management team have collectively made significant capital commitments to develop renewable energy and energy storage projects across North America. In connection with its formation, ConnectGen acquired the non-transmission development assets of Clean Line Energy Partners LLC (Clean Line), including its interests in a 600 MW wind project and a series of utility-scale wind and battery storage development projects. Clean Line will retain its existing transmission assets.
ConnectGen will be led by renewable energy veterans Jayshree Desai as President and David Berry as CFO and Head of Strategy. Prior to forming ConnectGen, Desai was COO of Clean Line, and previously was CFO of Horizon where she led the company through various strategic transactions including an IPO. Prior to forming ConnectGen, Berry was CFO and Head of Strategy for Clean Line and was previously Director of Finance for Horizon, where he led over $2 billion in project finance transactions. In addition to Desai and Berry, ConnectGen's team includes seventeen professionals with deep experience in project management, commercialization, permitting, transmission and market analysis.
Desai remarked on the closing, "The entire ConnectGen team is excited to be partnering with Quantum as we continue executing on our strategy of developing a portfolio of world-class clean energy projects. We believe that to be successful in this business, you need creative and committed partners who understand the unique complexities of the renewable energy industry and who can add value throughout the life of your company. We are confident that we have found the right partners in Quantum and Alonso to help us capture the robust opportunity set at hand." Alonso will serve as Executive Chairman of the ConnectGen Board of Directors.
"At Quantum Energy Partners, our primary focus is helping experienced entrepreneurs build great energy companies. We believe that there is vast potential for growth in the renewable energy industry and are very pleased to be working with Alonso, Desai, Berry and the highly-talented ConnectGen team. Together, we are confident that our understanding of the energy value chain, our significant experience in the renewables space and our disciplined investment approach will enable us to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our investors," said Dheeraj Verma, Quantum's President.
Founded in 1998, Quantum Energy Partners is a leading provider of private equity capital to the global energy industry, having managed together with its affiliates more than $16 billion in equity commitments since inception. For more information on Quantum, please visit quantumep.com. For investor relations, please contact Michael Dalton at (713) 452-2000.
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Articles→Breaking News→Former Milford Resident Gives Milford Recognition
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Former Milford Resident Gives Milford Recognition
InkFreeNews.com Apr 09, 2020 Deb Patterson Updated: Apr 9, 2020 @ 3:32 PM
Elizabeth "Betsy" Rozow, who grew up in Milford and attended Milford School and Wawasee High School, points out her name and hometown listed on a FA-18/F Super Hornet, one of the Navy's top warfighting aircraft. AMAN stands for airframe structural mechanic and airman. (Photos provided)
NAS LEMOORE, CALIF. —Elizabeth "Betsy" Rozow, a member of the U.S. Navy and daughter of Steve and Heidi (Beer) Rozow, formerly of Milford, has her name on one of the FA-18F Super Hornets along with her hometown. The honor occurred Tuesday, April 7.
"It's a lot of recognition for a little town like Milford to have its name displayed on one of the Navy's top warfighting aircraft," she stated in an email. "I am proud to be a sailor, but more proud to be a Hoosier."
Betsy Rozow, now stationed at NAS Lenmoore, Calif., is proud to be a sailor, but more proud to be a Hoosier.
Rozow attended Milford School and Wawasee High School until 2013. She then attended Prospect High School, Mount Prospect, Ill., from 2013-2015 and moved again and graduated from University City High School, San Diego, Calif., in 2016. From there she attended Southwestern Community College in San Diego for two years before enlisting in the U.S. Navy.
She has served in the Navy for 1 1/2 years. She is currently stationed at NAS Lemoore, Calif., with Strike Figher Squadron 41, the Black Aces. Rozow was deployed on the John C. Stennis after completing her schooling in Pensacola, Fla., and has traveled to Bahrain and Marseille, France. She has also sailed through the Suez Canal and past Egypt.
Rozow noted her grandfather, Phil Beer, was in the Army and her neighbor Mel "J" Wood was a captain in the Navy. "They were a big motivation in my life to join the military."
Milford recognized on one of the Navy's top aircraft.
Posted in Breaking News, Community | Tagged Betsy Rozow, FA-18F Super Hornets, milford, U.S. Navy | Buy Photos | Contact Author
About Deb Patterson
Deb Patterson has been with The Papers Inc., full time since 1978. Starting out rewriting general news releases, Patterson has expanded to covering all areas in the reporting field and won numerous awards through HSPA. She is also the former editor of four northern Indiana Senior Life publications. She was named Editor-In-Chief of The Papers Inc., in January 2020.
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