text:
Q: How to get the returns data like Returned Date,Merchant SKU,ASIN etc ., I am newbie to MWS and working on returned items.
I have used Reports API .
    $marketplaceIdArray = array("Id" => array('$MARKETPLACE_ID'));
    $t1 = date("c", time()-437*24*60*60);
    $t2 = date("c", time()-1*24*60*60);
    // @TODO: set request. Action can be passed as
    MarketplaceWebService_Model_ReportRequest
    // object or array of parameters

    $parameters = array (
        'Merchant' => MERCHANT_ID,
        'MarketplaceIdList' => $marketplaceIdArray,
        'ReportType' => '_GET_FBA_FULFILLMENT_CUSTOMER_RETURNS_DATA_',
        'ReportOptions' => 'ShowSalesChannel=true'
      );

     $request = new MarketplaceWebService_Model_RequestReportRequest($parameters);
     $request = new MarketplaceWebService_Model_RequestReportRequest();
     $request->setMarketplaceIdList($marketplaceIdArray);
     $request->setStartDate($t1);
     $request->setEndDate(t2);
     $request->setMerchant(MERCHANT_ID);
     $request->setReportType('_GET_FBA_FULFILLMENT_CUSTOMER_RETURNS_DATA_');

     invokeRequestReport($service, $request);

the ouput was :
Service Response
    RequestReportResponse
        RequestReportResult
            ReportRequestInfo
                ReportRequestId
                    68409017536
                ReportType
                    _GET_FBA_FULFILLMENT_CUSTOMER_RETURNS_DATA_
                StartDate
                    2018-01-05T06:55:49Z
                EndDate
                    2018-01-05T06:55:49Z
                SubmittedDate
                    2018-01-05T06:55:49Z
                ReportProcessingStatus
                    _SUBMITTED_
        ResponseMetadata
            RequestId
                1ecdc803-b26c-47a2-af0e-e598a00d379d
        ResponseHeaderMetadata: RequestId: 1ecdc803-b26c-47a2-af0e-e598a00d379d, ResponseContext: 0KH8lyC6JDI3d4zFp8/qpB5ZmQJx/IVxWhOq4BLHsmELEaNWGUBNKvPZpghwlK2Q1TjAQiX5bls=, Timestamp: 2018-01-05T06:55:49.488Z

but how to fetch the fields like product name, quality, reson,SKU , etc ...,

A: You have requested the report.
Now you can use that request ID to check when the report has finished running. (You can test it all here before writing the php code: https://mws.amazonservices.com/scratchpad/index.html )
Go to Reports and choose GetReportRequestList and type in your requestID. This will then tell you if the ReportProcessingStatus is done or still processing. When it is done you can then get the GeneratedReportId and request the GetReport using that id. That will then give you a CSV result with your returns for the given time period from the initial report request.
If all of that looks good then you will need to add steps in your PHP code to do all of that.
Once you have requested the report you will need to save the request id and periodically (depending on your order volume, maybe check every few seconds or every minute to see if the request is done. Then you would have something like this:
$reportId = $this->invokeGetReportList($service, $request);
$reportRequest = new MarketplaceWebService_Model_GetReportRequest();
$reportRequest->setMerchant(MERCHANT_ID);
$reportRequest->setReport(@fopen('php://memory', 'rw+'));
$reportRequest->setReportId($reportId);
$resultArray = $this->invokeGetReportAllOrderData($service, $reportRequest);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Greenwich Founders' Day
by Greenwich Historical Society
Thu, July 18, 2019, 10:00 AM – 1:00 PM EDT
Innis Arden Cottage
10 Tods Driftway
All are invited to celebrate the founding of Greenwich with a reading of the original July 18, 1640 deed and announcement of the winners of the This Place Matters! Photo Contest. Following the program, guests will be able to tour the Feake-Ferris House, the oldest house in Greenwich and one of the oldest in America, via shuttles and tours organized by the Greenwich Point Conservancy. The entire event is free of charge but reservations are required.
10-10:45 a.m.: Greenwich Founders' Day program at Innis Arden Cottage, Greenwich Point
11 a.m.-1 p.m.: Shuttles from Innis Arden Cottage to the Feake-Ferris House for tours.
Tour capacity is 15. Tours will be on a first-come, first-served basis, and will be continuous until 1 p.m.
Please reserve your place for the program and/or the Feake-Ferris House tour above right by clicking the green Register button.
About the Feake-Ferris House and the Greenwich Point Conservancy
About the This Place Matters Photo Contest (submission deadline July 1) and the Greenwich Historical Society
"We're delighted to partner with the Greenwich Point Conservancy again on the Founders' Day reception to honor Greenwich's long and illustrious heritage," says Greenwich Historical Society Executive Director and CEO Debra Mecky. "It's a wonderful opportunity for residents to celebrate their love of town and respect for preserving what's unique and distinctive about it."
This Place Matters is inspired by the National Trust for Historic Preservation's initiative to encourage preservation.
United States Events Connecticut Events Things to do in Old Greenwich, CT Old Greenwich Tours Old Greenwich Community Tours
Greenwich Founders' Day at Innis Arden Cottage
10 Tods Driftway, Greenwich, CT 06870
Browse Greenwich Events

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Good360 is a non for profit that allows manufacturing and retail corporations to leverage thier inventory (prime, excess, returned) to do Good. Last year Good360 moved over $375,000,000 in merchandise from corporations to non-profits via the Good360 marketpalce, and Good360 has moved over $9 billon to date. Good360 offers retailers, brands and manufacturers a targeted, trusted and efficient way to do good, a advantage tax deduction and reports and information on the impact of the goods.


Terrific Morrison-built 2 story walk-out. Built on a quiet street this home comes with 4 bedrooms and 2.5 baths. Enjoy cooking in the your spacious kitchen, complete with pantry, island and breakfast nook. The butcher block counter and stainless steel pot rack are included too! The family room has a gas fireplace to cozy up to and the west- facing front veranda is a great place to talk to the neighbors on those warm summer evenings. The master bedroom provides you with an ensuite bath and a walk-in closet. The fully finished walk-out basement has another bedroom and is very bright thanks to very large windows. Lots of parking, in a double detached garage with 220V wiring. This is a great home, in an excellent neighborhood, and is within walking distance to schools and transportation. Come see it for yourself!
Listing Brokerage The Real Estate Company Ltd.


text:
Q: django ImportError: cannot import name 'connections' I get this error:
from django.conf import connections
ImportError: cannot import name 'connections'

In my code helpers\result_set_helper.py:
from django.conf import connections

def fetch_filter_rule_sql_from_ui_db(filter_rule_id):
    with connections['frontend'].cursor() as cursor:
        query = "SELECT id, name FROM dmf_filter_rules"
        cursor.execute(query)
        return dictfetchall(cursor)

Folder Structure:
root_project_folder:
  - main_project
    - settings.py
  - helpers
    - result_set_helper.py
  - app1

A: from django.db import connections

there is no connections function in django.conf
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/db/sql/


text:
Browsing: Jambū-dvīpa-prajnapti-sūtra (MS. Ind. Inst. Sansk. 109)
Image: Opening page – floral decoration
Title: Opening page – floral decoration
Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
MS. Ind. Inst. Sansk. 109
Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit
JAINpedia Copyright Information
There is no text on this page. Sometimes Jain manuscripts have purely decorative pages, such as this one, either before the text starts or at the end after it is complete. Such pages are like covers.
As a rule, such pages do not depict any scene. They present ornamental motifs of several geometric shapes. The shape on this page does not show any special item or holy symbol. It cannot be said to have any specific relationship with the text on the following pages. However, it functions as an auspicious symbol.
Decorative motifs are often intricate, as if to underline the idea of abundance and wealth. Colours – here red, blue and yellow – are lavishly used in harmonious patterns. Here the main circular form is continued by two arrow-like offshoots on either side. Four additional motifs are shown at each of the four corners, with flower-like shapes in between.
The Jambū-dvīpa-prajñapti is part of the Śvetāmbara canon. It belongs to the second group, the Upāngas, of which it is the sixth. Like all the texts belonging to the Śvetāmbara canon, its language is the variety of Prakrit known as Ardhamāgadhī.
The Jambū-dvīpa-prajñapti deals with the description and geography of the Jambū-dvīpa, which is the central continent of the Jain universe. The main part of the work deals with the seven lands and the six mountain chains that make up Jambū-dvīpa.
Among these lands, Bharata is the main focus of attention. The land is named after its ruler, the first Universal Emperor Bharata. The text gives an important place to legends connected with the life of Ṛṣabhanātha or Lord Ṛṣabha, the first Jina, and his eldest son Bharata. It also provides information about the divisions, mountains, lakes and rivers of the Jambū-dvīpa. Matters of time, which are inseparable from cosmology, are covered in the final part of the work.
Cakravartin
Sanskrit for 'universal monarch'. There are 12 in the continent of Bharata in each progressive and regressive half-cyle of time. They have 9 treasures and 14 jewels they can use to conquer their enemies and become 'universal monarchs'. The cakravartin form one of the five groups of '63 illustrious men' in Jain mythology.
Jambū-dvīpa
The innermost island-continent in the Middle World, in Jain cosmology. It is divided into seven continents separated by six mountain ranges. It takes its name - 'Rose-Apple Continent' - from a rock formation that resembles a rose-apple tree, which is found on Mount Meru in the centre of the island.
Set of sacred texts that believers accept as authoritative within a religion. Synonymous with canon.
Prākrit
A term for any of the dead vernacular languages of ancient and medieval India. It may be contrasted with classical Sanskrit, the language used by priests and the aristocracy. The Jains used a large variety of Prakrits, with the Jain canon written chiefly in Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit.
A dialect of the Prākrit language used for many Śvetāmbara Jain scriptures.
One of the Lands of Action or Karma-bhūmi in the first continent, Jambū-dvīpa, in the Middle World where humans live. Bharata is also the name of the eldest son of the first Jina, Ṛṣabha, who succeeded his father as king.
A belief system about the universe that covers its origin, structure and parts, and natural laws and characteristics such as space, time, causality and freedom.
Jain universe
British Library. Or. 13454. Śrīcandra. 1644
British Library. Or. 11921. Unknown author. 1488
British Library. Or. 2116 ms. C. Śrīcandra. Perhaps 16th century
Opening page – floral design
British Library. Or. 2137 ms. A. Unknown author. 16th century
Opening page – floral decoration
British Library. Or. 13950. Unknown authors.
Bodleian Library. Prakrit d. 4. Unknown author. 1589
http://www.jainpedia.org/manuscripts/detail-view-meta/manuscript/jambu-dvipa-prajnapti-sutra-ms-ind-inst-sansk-109/opening-page-floral-decoration-1.html - All text is © JAINpedia / Institute of Jainology 2019 under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 licence The Jain universe online at www.jainpedia.org


Anyone in San Diego during the summer of 2017 most likely heard of this pop-up contemporary art museum called "Wonderspaces", which was located in Mission Valley. The space was set in an open lot, which gave them ample ability to create multiple narratives for the guests to immerse themselves in. Many of the installations had either a message or an interactive activity to enjoy when you walked into them. I was fascinated by the idea behind this particular pop-up because it looked like just one large tent from the outside but once you walked in, it became so much more. It was a pleasure to attend and document and I look forward to see where their next location will be.


Personalization is extremely important in emails. The numbers are clear that when people get email that is personalized to their name they are more likely to open and engage with it and feel like they have a stronger connection to the company.
Next we want to add in personalization strings to add in the simple things like the user's first name and urls for the email preference links. Personalization links are used if you're using subscriber lists, you've set up your subscriber attributes for your organization and the personalization in your email is simple and nonrepetitive. If you're repeating the same strings several times you may as well create a variable, which I will talk about in the next section.
This email is for a hotel booking company that has been collecting data from user preferences. In this case, the user has been searching for hotels that have different categories of destinations: beach, city, adventure or generic (as a catchall for anyone who doesn't fit into another category.) We have custom fields in our account that logs the type of travel they're interested in and that is collected as a column in the report we're using for the data extensions we're using to send this email. Our job is to create the script that will choose the right animated image and text to insert into the email.
You can set your block anywhere in your html document or template. Anything in between the %%[ ]%% brackets is considered the block. The code that is outside of the block is considered inline code. The /* */ designate comments. They are ignored by the computer, and are very useful for notes (to yourself or anyone who comes after you) about what happens in those parts of the code.
It won't look right without it being sent through Marketing Cloud, but if you view the code, you'll get the idea.


text:
Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the United States
Samuel M. Simkin, Edith B. Allen, William D. Bowman, Christopher M. Clark, Jayne Belnap, Matthew L. Brooks, Brian S. Cade, View ORCID ProfileScott L. Collins, Linda H. Geiser, Frank S. Gilliam, Sarah E. Jovan, Linda H. Pardo, Bethany K. Schulz, Carly J. Stevens, Katharine N. Suding, Heather L. Throop, and Donald M. Waller
aInstitute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309;
bDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;
cCenter for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;
dNational Center for Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460;
eSouthwest Biological Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Moab, UT 84532;
fWestern Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Oakhurst, CA 93644;
gFort Collins Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Fort Collins, CO 80226;
hDepartment of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131;
iPacific Northwest Region Air Resource Management Program, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97339;
jDepartment of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755;
kForest Inventory and Analysis Program, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Portland, OR 97339;
lNorthern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Burlington, VT 05405;
mForest Inventory and Analysis Program, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Anchorage, AK 99501;
nLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom;
oSchool of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287;
pSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287;
qDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
PNAS April 12, 2016 113 (15) 4086-4091; first published March 28, 2016; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515241113
Samuel M. Simkin
Edith B. Allen
William D. Bowman
Christopher M. Clark
Matthew L. Brooks
Brian S. Cade
Scott L. Collins
ORCID record for Scott L. Collins
Linda H. Geiser
Frank S. Gilliam
Sarah E. Jovan
Linda H. Pardo
Bethany K. Schulz
Carly J. Stevens
Katharine N. Suding
Heather L. Throop
Donald M. Waller
Edited by Sarah E. Hobbie, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Saint Paul, MN, and approved February 23, 2016 (received for review August 4, 2015)
Human activities have elevated nitrogen (N) deposition and there is evidence that deposition impacts species diversity, but spatially extensive and context-specific estimates of N loads at which species losses begin remain elusive. Across a wide range of climates, soil conditions, and vegetation types in the United States, we found that 24% of >15,000 sites were susceptible to N deposition-induced species loss. Grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands were susceptible to species losses at lower loads of N deposition than forests, and susceptibility to species losses increased in acidic soils. These findings are pertinent to the protection of biodiversity and human welfare and should be considered when establishing air quality standards.
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been shown to decrease plant species richness along regional deposition gradients in Europe and in experimental manipulations. However, the general response of species richness to N deposition across different vegetation types, soil conditions, and climates remains largely unknown even though responses may be contingent on these environmental factors. We assessed the effect of N deposition on herbaceous richness for 15,136 forest, woodland, shrubland, and grassland sites across the continental United States, to address how edaphic and climatic conditions altered vulnerability to this stressor. In our dataset, with N deposition ranging from 1 to 19 kg N⋅ha−1⋅y−1, we found a unimodal relationship; richness increased at low deposition levels and decreased above 8.7 and 13.4 kg N⋅ha−1⋅y−1 in open and closed-canopy vegetation, respectively. N deposition exceeded critical loads for loss of plant species richness in 24% of 15,136 sites examined nationwide. There were negative relationships between species richness and N deposition in 36% of 44 community gradients. Vulnerability to N deposition was consistently higher in more acidic soils whereas the moderating roles of temperature and precipitation varied across scales. We demonstrate here that negative relationships between N deposition and species richness are common, albeit not universal, and that fine-scale processes can moderate vegetation responses to N deposition. Our results highlight the importance of contingent factors when estimating ecosystem vulnerability to N deposition and suggest that N deposition is affecting species richness in forested and nonforested systems across much of the continental United States.
nitrogen deposition
plant species richness
soil pH
↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: samuel.simkin{at}colorado.edu.
Author contributions: S.M.S., E.B.A., W.D.B., C.M.C., J.B., and M.L.B. designed research; S.M.S., E.B.A., W.D.B., and C.M.C. performed research; S.M.S. and C.M.C. analyzed data; and S.M.S., E.B.A., W.D.B., C.M.C., J.B., M.L.B., B.S.C., S.L.C., L.H.G., F.S.G., S.E.J., L.H.P., B.K.S., C.J.S., K.N.S., H.L.T., and D.M.W. wrote the paper.
Data deposition: The data reported in this article have been deposited in the Dryad Digital Repository, datadryad.org (doi: 10.5061/dryad.7kn53).
You are going to email the following Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the United States
Diversity and nitrogen deposition
Samuel M. Simkin, Edith B. Allen, William D. Bowman, Christopher M. Clark, Jayne Belnap, Matthew L. Brooks, Brian S. Cade, Scott L. Collins, Linda H. Geiser, Frank S. Gilliam, Sarah E. Jovan, Linda H. Pardo, Bethany K. Schulz, Carly J. Stevens, Katharine N. Suding, Heather L. Throop, Donald M. Waller


Auto accidents in Houston often cause injuries. And one of the most common - and most severe - injuries we regularly deal with at Tracey & Fox is whiplash, a type of neck injury.
Whiplash injuries occur when someone's neck is violently whipped forward and backward, causing damage to the nerves and muscles. Such injuries are especially common in rear-end car accidents.
But whiplash is just one type of neck injury often associated with car accidents. Many other serious injuries are common. And each one requires a different approach for obtaining the financial compensation you deserve for your injury.
What might seem like a minor injury could turn out to be something far more severe. Don't underestimate the seriousness of your neck injury. See a doctor right away, and then schedule an appointment with our law firm.
The financial impact of a serious neck injury can be staggering - medical bills, physical therapy, lost income, lost future income and many other things as well. That's why it's important that you have a lawyer on your side who make sure your needs are met for the rest of your life.
Often, you only have one opportunity to obtain all the money you will need for all your accident-related expenses. Insurance companies know this. That's why they work so hard to try to avoid paying you the money you deserve.
We know how to take on insurance companies and win. That's why we have such a strong track record of success. We have years of experience negotiating with insurance companies. We have taken them to court. And we will appeal your case if necessary. Demand justice. Contact us.


text:
fluffy rambles
Audio software for sale DDR update
I'm pretty happy with my output for Novembeat this year. I didn't manage to do a track yesterday due to pain and distraction but maybe I'll catch up tonight, and maybe I'll even manage to get a 30th track down tomorrow. But if not, that's okay. There's no prize for having done a song every day, and I feel like my ratio of good to meh stuff is a lot better this year than usual anyway. Regardless, the official Bandcamp release will be on Friday, and I'll also submit to Distrokid sooner rather than later (probably on December 1, meaning it should hit iTunes/Spotify/etc. around Friday as well).
Usually I spend a lot of time on mastering but ever since I started using YouLean Loudness Meter as a guide for Spotify normalization I've found that there's really not a lot of fiddliness I need to do anymore; getting my overall loudness to -14dB LUFS and using YouLean's visualizer as a guide for where to tweak things has made the rest of the fiddly mastering process way less relevant/necessary. Like, the main purpose to mastering is to try to get a good loudness overall, and targeting Spotify's target has the nice side effect of happening to do that. Clearly Spotify didn't arrive at their loudness targets arbitrarily!
(The other major thing to do in mastering is equalization but I've gotten a good handle on just doing that as I record, and using EQ tweaking as part of the loudness targeting.)
Anyway. Now that Novembeat's finally nearly over, I can maybe get back to working on Lewi, and of course I have some other musical projects I've been putting off but Novembeat always makes them feel a lot less daunting, which is sort of the point to doing that, right?
Also, back in grad school I played DDR a lot — like, multiple hours a day — and it's a workout which worked really well for me in terms of raising my dopamine and lowering my heart rate and blood pressure. Over the years I played it less and less, and in 2012 I ended up selling all my DDR stuff since it was just taking up a lot of space and there wasn't anywhere good to put it in my home. I'd occasionally go to Gameworks to revisit it but it was hard to keep the habit up. But now I'm back in the mood to start it up again, and have finally figured out how to accommodate it in my home… the hard part being finding the hardware to play it on now!
It's still fairly easy to find the crappy soft pads online, and back in grad school I always had pretty good luck by duct-taping those to one of those spiky chair mats, which kept them in place really well. But they'd still wear out pretty quickly, and in 2005 I bought a pair of Cobalt Flux pads which were amazing. Rumor has it that Cobalt Flux is going to start production back up early next year, but in the meantime there's several opensource/DIY CF clones out there (and the design really isn't all that complicated in the first place). Re:Flex Dance is an opensource/DIY kit that will supposedly become available in about two weeks (I'm only linking to the placeholder site right now as a reminder to myself for later).
There's also a Polish manufacturer which is very well-regarded, but they only produce USB control boxes for Stepmania and of course shipping from Poland is expensive. The control box situation isn't a huge problem (it's easy enough to repurpose an old PS2 controller's innards) but I'm not really into the idea of paying more for the shipping than for the pad itself. It's also not clear as to whether these pads have a modular control box or if the USB stuff is integrated directly into the pad.
Anyway, the big breakthrough that made all this possible was figuring out how to accommodate this stuff in my home. My home's layout is a bit hard to explain but basically I have my den loft which is directly over my kitchen, and has very low ceilings and thin floors — not a great spot for DDR. Downstairs I have a living/dining room which is much better for this stuff, and I finally realized that I can, in fact, put a small TV there. I already had all the hardware needed for that, anyway. A couple years ago I had swapped my second computer monitor for a cheap TV to make my streaming setup work a bit better (it's complicated™) but I don't need that for my streaming anymore, and the TV had some other annoying side-effects on macOS anyway, so I've gone back to my regular second monitor and have put the cheap TV in the sitting room. And my old PS2 still works2, so now it's sitting comfy there.
I also put my old Apple TV there and have a nice visual display when I'm doing AirPlay, which will be especially nice if I can ever have a party again.
Oh, and this means finally having a good space to play Ring Fit Adventure; previously I was playing it on the TV-monitor in my studio but that was really hard to accommodate, what with my whole recording setup there. So even if the DDR plan never materializes I'm still better off with electronic exercise entertainment than I was before.
Or at least, I will be able to when my left joy-con comes back…
His reasoning being that it wasn't properly studied and all relief people had been claiming for it was anecdotal, and therefore he couldn't recommend it and my insurance wouldn't cover it. Never mind that pain management is very personal and weird and the fact that something only works for a few people doesn't make it not worth trying! ↩
Anyway there's a proper study underway now so clearly it's worked for enough people that someone thinks it's worth trying.
Amazingly enough, its RTC was still accurate to within a few hours even though it hadn't been powered on in close to a decade! ↩
Incidentally, the last time I turned it on would have probably been to play some DDR. Go figure.
Also I guess the RTC drift would have happened regardless of how long it had been turned off; it's not like this thing uses NTP. It's more that I'm impressed by the battery in it holding out that long.


Tobacco Recruitment Notification 2014-Tobacco Online Applications at tobaccoboard.com: Tobacco Board has released the recruitment notification to provide employment opportunity to many people for various posts and Tobacco Board is inviting applications from all the interested candidates, so if you are interested to submit online application can apply for the post on or before the last date August 24th 2014.For more details like number of post, Eligibility criteria, Educational qualification, age limit, pay scale, Application fee, application procedure, important dates etc. all candidates are advised to follow the below given detail, candidates must read all the given instruction before applying for the post.
Statistical officer: Aspirants need to have a postgraduate degree in Commercial Economics with statistics/Statistics or Mathematics.
Technical Asst. /Field officer: Aspirants applying for this post should be graduates in BSc Agriculture.
Statistical assistant: Aspirants should have a graduate degree in Commercial Economics with statistics/ Statistics or Mathematics/.
Lower Division Clerk (LDC): Aspirants should have passed in 12th class. They should have passed lower grade test in English typewriting at 30 words per minute lead by Technical Board.
Stenographer (Grade - II): Aspirants applying for this post must be graduates in BSc Agriculture. They should have passed lower grade test English typewriting at 40 words per minute lead by Technical Board.
Pay Scale:candidates who have selected in the post will be given the pay scale as per the recruitment of the organization.
Age limit:candidates who are applying for these posts age should be between 18 years to 30 years, as per rule and regulations age relaxation is given to all the reserved candidates.


The intro builds some real fire and atmosphere, much better than the often played plink and plonk "mood" builder, and leaves me wanting to hear more from the band. It turns out to be a long instrumental and ends up dragging a little.
"Lies And Hypocrisy" then fires up, a furious charge with vocals that are just about discernible growls. The music feels like a backdrop rather than a genuinely arranged song and that's a real shame as there is something there, it just lacks in execution.
Songs come and go, the music at times delivered at a better standard but the vocals add very little. They lack any sophistication or contrast and turn this into something generic with often ridiculous and superfluous guitars sounding like keys swirling around too. (I presume so as no keyboard player is credited).
Naive sums this up well. It just doesn't really do anything and blandly limps along with no-one moving out of a comfort zone. The rhythms in particular might as well be a machine but to be honest all the music could be programmed.


Truth be told! Marvel has mastered the skills of telling great storyline with witty antics and funny one-liners, mixed with action-packed adventure, majestic visual effects, and of course, eye candy lead stars as well. "Guardians of the Galaxy, Vol. 2" takes a notch higher than what and how it was told some three years ago.
In this latest movie offering, Peter Quill (Chris Pratt) discovers his biological father still exists and is wandering across the Universe looking for him. Their reunion was quite awkward but still manages until a sudden twist was revealed towards the end, which lead to a devastating truth about the demise of his mother.
Great visual artworks are present on each scene, along with the vintage look and nostalgic feels the movie has to offer. We love the dialogues, the throwing of punchlines, the action scenes, and Baby Groot. Where can you go wrong with that?
Overall, the feels the movie "Guardians of the Galaxy, Vol. 2" have brought us are excitement, chills, and mixed emotions. We laughed, we cried, and we punched in midair as we hold on to our seats for each scene. Truly a remarkable and unforgettable movie experience. We give "Guardians of the Galaxy, Vol. 2" a 10 out of 10 movie experience for Chris Pratt's notable acting, Rocket's ill-temperedness, Drax's one-liners, and of course, Baby Groot!
When you watched this movie this long weekend, be sure to catch it on iMax, use 3d glasses, and stay put until the end. You'll thanked me later!


text:
When to catch the Geminid meteor shower in the San Francisco Bay Area
Amy Graff, SFGATE
A huge meteor hurtles to Earth during the annual Geminid meteor shower on Dec. 14, 2009. Taken from the Mojave Desert area near Victorville under a very dark and mostly clear sky, astro-photographer Wally Pacholka captured this picture during the annual cosmic fireworks show.
Barcroft/Barcroft Media via Getty Images
As Earth passes through the massive dusty cloud that trails the 3-mile-wide space rock 3200 Phaethon, the nighttime sky will light up with shooting stars in coming days.
The Geminid meteor shower occurs every Dec. 7 to 17 and is expected to reach its peak this year on the night of Dec. 13 into the morning of Dec. 14, with those hours being the best for seeing blazing fireballs, NASA said.
The Monday-Tuesday peak is expected to be obscured in the San Francisco Bay Area by clouds from an atmospheric river, and clouds and rain are forecast to persist through Thursday, but there may be a chance to catch the end of the meteor shower on Friday, Dec. 17.
"Friday night may be the window," said Drew Peterson, a forecaster with the National Weather Service. "I can't say it's going to be completely clear. There are still going to be some clouds. It looks like it'll be better later Friday night versus Saturday morning, but that's looking eight days ahead trying to forecast the cloud cover. It could change between now and then."
Peterson also said the North Bay is more likely to have clear skies than areas south of the Golden Gate.
The Geminid meteor shower is caused by a stream of small particles left behind by the asteroid 3200 Phaethon, said Gerald McKeegan, adjunct astronomer at Chabot Space & Science Center.
"The asteroid's orbit periodically takes it very close to the sun, and it may actually be the remnant of an old comet," McKeegan wrote in an email. "When it is close to the sun, dust and small grains are released from the asteroid's surface, drifting into a stream of particles that orbit the sun and cross the Earth's orbital path."
Earth passes through that particle stream in early December every year, with the particles burning up as they enter the Earth's atmosphere and producing a shower of shooting stars.
"During the peak, we expect 100 or more meteors per hour," McKeegan wrote. "There will be fewer meteors per hour the nights before or after the peak."
The best places to view a meteor shower are dark areas away from city lights, where you can see a large part of the sky without obstructing trees or buildings.
Amy Graff
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Amy Graff is the news editor for SFGATE. She was born and raised in the Bay Area and got her start in news at the Daily Californian newspaper at UC Berkeley where she majored in English literature. She has been with SFGATE for more than 10 years. You can email her at agraff@sfgate.com.


text:
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}}

The mean-field spin glass, in particular, the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick
model (SK)~\citep{Sherrington75} provides the most thorough and
tantalizing insights into the nature of frustrated and disordered
systems~\citep{MPV,F+H}. The applications of this model, and the
techniques that have been developed to dissect it, have dramatically
expanded since its inception, and pervade many areas of science ~\citep{MPV,Nishimori01,MPZ,Talagrand03,Eastham06,Schneidman06,Percus06,Mezard06}.
Yet, even for the SK model, many essential aspects still have to be
revealed. In particular, finite size corrections to the mean-field
solutions have not been worked out, and existing conjectures appear
to be inconsistent or disagree with numerical predictions
~\citep{Bouchaud03,Aspelmeier03,Andreanov04,EOSK,Aspelmeier07,Palassini08,Boettcher10b,Boettcher10a}.
These questions are not merely academic but seem to indicate an incomplete
understanding in how finite-dimensional spin glasses, as introduced
by Edwards and Anderson~\citep{Edwards75}, approach the large-dimensional
limit~\citep{Aspelmeier03,Boettcher05d}.

The study of spin glasses with a power-law (Levy) bond distribution
has been advocated in Ref.~\citep{Cizeau93} on physical grounds,
concerning the properties of the RKKY couplings between magnetic sites
in the dilute limit of glassy alloys. In fact, it thus may constitute
a more {}``physical'' mean-field limit compared to the typical,
mathematically more tractable, Gaussian bonds used in SK. One could
speculate to whether power-law bonds may actually overcome the discrepancies
between finite-dimensional spin glasses and their mean-field limit.
While power-law bonds do not seem to affect the phenomenology of the
droplet model proposed for low-dimensional lattices, the corresponding
(replica symmetric) mean-field theory in Ref.~\citep{Cizeau93} shows
much weaker replica symmetry breaking effects at low temperatures
than SK, which is more in line with many numerical and experimental
results in finite dimensions. An in-depth study of the low-temperature
properties is pertinent as Levy spin glasses have received much renewed
theoretical attention recently\citep{Janzen08,Janzen10a,Janzen10b,Neri10}.
In particular, Ref.~\citep{Janzen10b} provides a number of theoretical
predictions for the ground state energy density both, at the replica
symmetric (RS) and the one-step replica symmetry breaking (1RSB) level,
to compare with.

In this paper, we probe mean-field spin glasses for a one-parameter
family of bond distributions with power-law tails to explore how this
may affect familiar properties, such as the distribution of ground
state energies, its characteristic width, and the finite-size scaling
corrections to the energy in the thermodynamic limit. In particular,
we consider bonds $J$ distributed according to
\begin{eqnarray}
P(J) & = & \frac{\alpha}{2}\left|J\right|^{-1-\alpha},\qquad|J|>1,
\label{eq:powerlaw}
\end{eqnarray}
for a range of powers $\alpha.$ (In contrast to most theoretical
work that is limited to specific regimes of $\alpha$, we do not rescale
the bonds with system size $N$ in our simulations; proper densities
for the various regimes are defined in Sec.~\ref{sec:PowerLaw-Spin-Glasses}.)
From a conceptual standpoint, the bond distribution in Eq.~(\ref{eq:powerlaw})
is interesting because it provides a gradual interpolation between
those distributions possessing a second moment (for $\alpha>2)$ and
those that don't, i.e., where that moment diverges with the system
size $N.$ For instance, singular behavior for the ground state energy
has been obtained near $\alpha=1$ and 2 in Ref.~\citep{Janzen10b},
at least at the replica symmetric level. While we expect the behavior
for $\alpha>2$ to be similar to SK, it is interesting to see how
this limit is approached and how scaling exponents may change with
$\alpha$. The extreme limit of bonds well-separated in size have
been studied in Refs.~\citep{Newman94,Cieplak94}.

In our simulations, we use \emph{extremal optimization} (EO)~\citep{Boettcher01a,Dagstuhl04},
a local search heuristic which has been used successfully to obtain
ground state approximations for mean-field and finite-dimensional
spin glasses with bimodal and Gaussian bond distributions~\citep{EOSK,Boettcher10a,Boettcher10b}.
Broadly distributed bonds create a very heterogeneous configuration
space, which provides a significant challenge for any local search
heuristic, and considerable computational resources had to be expanded
to obtain sufficiently accurate results. Combined with the desire
to sample an entire $\alpha$-family of models, such obstacles have
limited the achievable system sizes, which may at times call into
question whether true asymptotic behavior has been reached. At their
face value, the EO results are consistent with RSB predictions for
the ground state energies except near $\alpha=2$, where EO appears
to provide a finite value. Both, the exponent for finite-size corrections
$\omega$ and for the width of energy fluctuations $\rho$, exhibits
an interesting variation with $\alpha$ at $T=0$, most dramatically
near $\alpha=2$. In fact, due to their higher-order nature, these
variations in finite-size effects are already noticeable below $\alpha=4$,
well before the disappearance of the second moment in the bond distribution.
That such finite-size effects may exhibit non-universal (i.e., bond
distribution dependent) behavior has already been observed for mean-field
spin glasses on sparse graphs~\citep{Boettcher10a,Zdeborova10}.

This paper is organized as follows: In the next section, we describe
the model and our conventions for the determination of the energy
densities. In Sec.~\ref{sec:Finding-Ground-States}, we briefly describe
the EO-heuristic used to obtain the numerical results, which are subsequently
discussed in detail in Sec.~\ref{sec:numerics}. In the Appendix,
we outline our speculative (and somewhat lengthy) calculation for
the random energy model (REM)~\citep{derrida:80,derrida:81}, which
we use in the discussion of the numerical results.

\section{Spin Glasses with Power-Law Bonds\label{sec:PowerLaw-Spin-Glasses}}

The Hamiltonian for a fully connected mean-field spin glasses is defined
as \begin{equation}
H=\frac{1}{{\cal N}}\sum_{i=1}^{N-1}\sum_{j=i+1}^{N}J_{i,j}\sigma_{i}\sigma_{j},\label{eq:Hamiltonian}\end{equation}
where we formally included a normalization factor ${\cal N}$ to make
the energy extensive, in light of the fact that the bonds $J_{i,j}$
are taken from the unrescaled density in Eq.~(\ref{eq:powerlaw}).
As we are here exclusively interested in properties of the ground
state energy density, it is convenient to simply set ${\cal N}=1$
and accept the fact that the putative ground state energies $E$ found
in our simulations for instances with the Hamiltonian in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Hamiltonian})
are neither extensive nor properly adjusted to the characteristic
coupling strength $J_{0}$. We obtain proper energy densities, independent
of system size $N$, in the relevant regimes of $\alpha$ via
\begin{equation}
e=\begin{cases}
\frac{E}{N^{1+\frac{1}{\alpha}}}, & \alpha<2,\\
\frac{E}{N^{3/2}}, & \alpha>2.\end{cases}
\label{eq:energydensity}
\end{equation}
Note that in Eq.~(\ref{eq:energydensity}) we have chosen to ignore,
for all $\alpha>2$, the usual scaling with the second moment of $P(J)$,
i.e., instead of having a unit moment we have $J_{0}^{2}=\left\langle J^{2}\right\rangle =\frac{\alpha}{\alpha-2}$,
which fails to exist for $\alpha\leq2$. This choice allows us to
consider the special case $\alpha=2$ more closely, but to compare
with the familiar result from SK, $e_{SK}=-0.76321\ldots$
\citep{Oppermann05,Oppermann07}, we will have to take this extra
factor into account.

\section{Finding Ground States with Extremal Optimization\label{sec:Finding-Ground-States}}

In our numerical investigations here, we use the \emph{Extremal Optimization}
heuristic (EO)~\citep{Boettcher00,Boettcher01a}, in particular,
an adaptation of EO developed previously for SK~\citep{EOSK}.\footnote{The SK code is available in the DEMO section at http://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/boettcher.} Due to the potentially wide distribution
of bonds (in particular, for small $\alpha)$, we pre-process the
bond matrix $J_{i,j}$ in a manner discussed in more detail in Ref.
\citep{Boettcher08a}: Any spin $\sigma_i$, $1\leq i\leq N$, is
\emph{determined}, subject to the state of spin $\sigma_{j'}$, if
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{2}\sum_{j=1}^{N}\left|J_{i,j}\right|<{\textrm{max}}_{1\leq
  j\leq N}\left\{ \left|J_{i,j}\right|\right\} \equiv J_{i,j'},
\label{eq:dominantbond}
\end{equation}
such that the bond $J_{i,j'}$ is satisfied in the
ground state. This dependency allows us to eliminate the $i$th column
and row from the bond matrix by compounding the remaining bonds $J_{i,j\not=j'}$
according to
\begin{eqnarray*}
J_{j',j} & \leftarrow &
J_{j',j}+{\textrm{sign}}\left(J_{i,j'}\right)J_{i,j}\qquad({\textrm{for~all~}}j\not=j')
\end{eqnarray*}
and similarly for $J_{j,j'},$ to preserve the symmetry of the bond
matrix. The ground state energy $E_{0}^{(N-1)}$ of this \emph{reduced}
bond matrix for $N-1$ spins gives the energy of the original system
via \[ E_{0}^{(N)}=E_{0}^{(N-1)}-\left|J_{i,j'}\right|.\]
Of course, this reduction procedure can be applied recursively until
there are no more spins $i$ that satisfies Eq.~(\ref{eq:dominantbond}).

Clearly, this reduction procedure is most effective for small $\alpha;$
for instance, at $\alpha=1/2,$ about half of all spins can be traced
out in this way. The resulting problem is not only drastically smaller
in size (considering the exponentially growing cost for determining
the ground state exactly!), but the bond matrix is also much more
\emph{homogeneous} for the subsequent application of the EO heuristic.
While the reduction is ineffective for $\alpha>2,$ even for, say,
$\alpha=3/2,$ where only a few spins get reduced, the elimination
of those exceedingly dominant bonds can be quite helpful for local
search with EO.

The remaining bond matrix is then treated by $\tau$-EO as outlined
in Ref.~\citep{EOSK}: A fitness proportional to the (negative of)
the local field is defined for each spin, and spins are chosen for
an update with a bias toward spins of low fitness as specified by
the parameter $\tau.$ For the system sizes in this paper, a value
of $\tau=1.5$ and a sequence of $O(N^{3})$ update steps for each
instance proved most effective. While systems with $\alpha<1$ are
readily reducible, and systems with $\alpha>2$ are very homogeneous,
those almost irreducible, but quite heterogeneous systems with $1<\alpha<2$
provide the biggest challenge for EO, requiring at least ten times
more update steps for consistent results. Each instance was treated
repeatedly with EO, each repeat starting from random initial conditions,
and results were considered consistent when a total of six runs reproduced
the putative ground state energy.

\section{Discussion of the Numerical Results\label{sec:numerics}}

We have determined approximate ground states for a large number of
fully connected graphs for sizes $N=31,\ldots,255$ with bond matrices
filled with random bonds drawn from the power-law distribution in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:powerlaw}) for values ranging over $\alpha=0.9,1.2,\ldots,3.0$
in steps of 0.3, and $\alpha=3.9$. Extremely large statistics was
required to obtain converging averages, which ultimately limited the
system sizes reached. For comparison, we have included earlier results
for SK~\citep{EOSK,Boettcher10b}, where sizes of $N=1023$ had been
obtained. At these finite system sizes, instances revealing the characteristics
of the thermodynamic limit are few and far between, as very large
bonds are an essential feature of the ensemble for $\alpha<2$ but
only arise infrequently. Hence, a large number of instances are required
for converging results. Here we averaged over about $10^{6}$ at the
smaller system sizes and at least $25,000$ for the largest sizes,
$N=255$.

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra190}\hfill{}\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra210}
\medskip{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra220}\hfill{}\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra250}
\medskip{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra280}\hfill{}\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra300}
\medskip{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra310}\hfill{}\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra340}
\medskip{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra370}\hfill{}\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra400}
\medskip{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{energy_extra490}
\hspace*{\fill}
\caption{\label{fig:averageE}Average ground state energy density
  $\left\langle e\right\rangle $ obtained with EO for various system
  sizes up to $N=511$, for values of $\alpha$ between 0.9 and 3.9 in
  Eq.~(\ref{eq:powerlaw}). In each panel, the EO data is once plotted
  as a function of $1/N^{2/3}$ (black squares), the scaling projected
  for SK (corresponding to $\alpha\to\infty$), and once linearized
  with the fitted scaling correction exponent
  $\omega\left(\alpha\right)$ (blue $\times)$. While no specific
  scaling can be identified for the smallest $\alpha$, the scaling is
  consistent with SK (linear on this scale) for larger values of
  $\alpha$, but significant deviations from $\omega=2/3$ in
  Eq.~(\ref{eq:finitesize}) are observed for intermediate values of
  $\alpha$, where $\omega$ appears to attain a minimum of
  $\omega\approx0.25$ at $\alpha=2$. The results for
  $\omega\left(\alpha\right)$ are also summarized in
  Fig.~\ref{fig:omegarho}.}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Corrections to scaling}

First, we investigate the average ground state energy density
$\left\langle e\right\rangle $ and its finite-size corrections to
scaling. In Figs.~\ref{fig:averageE} we plot these energies in an
extrapolation plot as a function of inverse system size, $1/N^{2/3}$,
which is generally believed to be the magnitude of scaling corrections
in the SK. We notice significant deviation from that scaling behavior
for varying $\alpha$. For each value of $\alpha$, we have fitted the
data to
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\langle e\right\rangle _{N} & \sim & \left\langle e\right\rangle
_{\infty}+\frac{A}{N^{\omega}}.
\label{eq:finitesize}
\end{eqnarray}
A plot of the same data but linearized through the scaling in Eq.
(\ref{eq:finitesize}) with the exponent $\omega$ extracted from
those fits are also shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:averageE}, and the fitted
values for $\omega$ as a function of $\alpha$ are displayed in Fig.
\ref{fig:omegarho}.

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF190}\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF220}\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF250}

\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF280}\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF310}\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF340}

\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF370}\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF400}\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{newPDF490}
\caption{\label{fig:PDF}Plot of the ground state energy PDF obtained
  with EO. We plot the data for all values of $N$ in each panel,
  whereas $\alpha$ varies between panels from 0.9 to 3.9. The PDFs
  appear to reach an asymptotic form quickly with small finite-size
  effects, which are most pronounced for smaller $\alpha$ (and, in
  fact, are divergent for $\alpha<1$). For $\alpha<2$, the tails for
  $e\rightarrow-\infty$ are a power-law (dotted lines) with the same
  exponent as the input bond-distribution $P(J)$ in
  Eq.~(\ref{eq:powerlaw}), since those ground state energies are
  dominated by a few large bonds that must be satisfied. For
  $\alpha>2$, the random sum of many small bonds dominates the energy,
  leading to increasingly exponential tails and the PDF becomes
  similar to that found in
  SK~\citep{Andreanov04,EOSK,Boettcher05e,Palassini08}.  The scaling
  of the width $w$ with system size is discussed in Fig.~\ref{fig:rhoplot}.}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Ground-state energy fluctuations}

A deeper insight into the subtleties of ground state energies is
provided by their distribution over the ensemble of
instances. Typically, we plot the PDF as $\sigma P(e)$
vs. $(e-\left\langle e\right\rangle )/\sigma,$ where
$\sigma=\sqrt{\left\langle e^{2}\right\rangle -\left\langle
  e\right\rangle ^{2}}$ is the standard deviation of the
distribution. But for $\alpha<2,$ we find that the PDF has a broad
tail for energies \emph{below} the mean, which behaves as
$P(e)\sim(-e)^{-\alpha-1}$ for $e\rightarrow-\infty.$ Hence,
$\left\langle e^{2}\right\rangle $ and $\sigma$ do not exist.
Instead, we define a width via the absolute moment (see
Ref.~\citep{press:95}) $w=\left\langle \left|e-\left\langle
e\right\rangle \right|\right\rangle $ to characterize the distribution
and plot $wP(e)$ vs. $(e-\left\langle e\right\rangle )/w$ for each
$\alpha$ in Figs.~\ref{fig:PDF}.

The power-law tails at low energies $e\rightarrow-\infty$ in Figs.
\ref{fig:PDF} for $\alpha<2$ are easy to explain: They are entirely
due to those rare, large bonds from deep within the bond distribution
in Eq.~(\ref{eq:powerlaw}), which almost always must be satisfied and
completely dominate the ground state energy when they occur
\citep{Newman94,Cieplak94}.  Accordingly, those tails of the PDF decay
with the same exponent, $1+\alpha,$ as Eq.~(\ref{eq:powerlaw}).

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.32]{sigma_extra}

\caption{\label{fig:rhoplot}Extrapolation plot of the width
  $w=\left\langle \left|e-\left\langle e\right\rangle
  \right|\right\rangle $ of the ground state energy distributions
  $P(e)$ in Figs.~\ref{fig:PDF} versus system size $N$ for each value
  of $\alpha$. Note that $\ln(w)/\ln(N)\to-\rho$ for
  $1/\ln(N)\to0$. As a reference, we have included the corresponding
  SK data for $w$ derived from the study in Ref.~\citep{Boettcher10b}.
  Theory~\citep{Parisi08} provides an upper bound of
  $\rho=\frac{5}{6}$ that should be approached for large $\alpha$. On
  the other side, when $\alpha$ drops below 1 the width diverges (in
  the limit of infinitely many instances), independent of system size
  $N$, leading to the conclusion $\rho_{\alpha\leq1}\equiv0$. For
  increasing $\alpha>1$, $\rho$ seems to increase rapidly to saturate
  soon at the SK limit, see  Fig.~\ref{fig:omegarho}.}
\end{figure}

The feature of $P(e)$ of greatest interest is the scaling of its
width. As noted, the standard deviation $\sigma$ does not exist for
$\alpha<2$, but we can instead for all $\alpha>1$ refer to the width
derived from the first absolute moment, $w=\left\langle
\left|e-\left\langle e\right\rangle \right|\right\rangle ,$ introduced
above. It is expected that, like $\sigma$, the width would decay with
system size as
\begin{eqnarray}
w & \sim & N^{-\rho}.
\label{eq:rho}
\end{eqnarray}
As an example of the significance of this exponent we mention that
according to Ref.~\citep{Aspelmeier03}, $\rho$ is related to the
exponent $y$ (or $\theta$) for domain-wall excitations in the
large-dimensional limit $d\to\infty$ of the Edwards-Anderson
model~\citep{Edwards75} via
\begin{equation}
y/d=1-\rho,
\label{eq:y_d}
\end{equation}
which has led to much consideration recently
\citep{Boettcher05d,Aspelmeier07,Parisi08,Aspelmeier08c,aspelmeier08b,Rizzo09b,Parisi09,Boettcher10b}.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:rhoplot}, we have plotted the values of $w$ obtained
in preparing Fig.~\ref{fig:PDF} as a function of $N$ for each value of
$\alpha$. In reference to Eq.~(\ref{eq:rho}), we specifically use its
extrapolated version and plot $-\ln(w)/\ln(N)$ as a function of
$1/\ln(N)$, which should extrapolate linearly to the thermodynamic
value of $\rho$ at the intercept $1/\ln(N)\to0$. It appears that
$\rho$ increases from zero at $\alpha\leq1$ to saturate at the SK
value. Although large uncertainties in the precise value of $\rho$ for
each individual $\alpha$ should be $ $expected (and possibly
non-analyticities or logarithmic corrections), the general trend in
$\rho$ appears to be reliable. The SK data provides justification for
choosing $w$ as the width instead of the more conventional deviation
$\sigma$: The extrapolation of $w$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:rhoplot} leads to
identical results for $\sigma$ as in Refs.~\citep{EOSK,Boettcher10b}.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.36]{spectrum_alpha}

\caption{\label{fig:omegarho}Top panel: Plot of the measured values of
  the exponents $\omega$ (from Figs.~\ref{fig:averageE}) and $\rho$
  (from Fig.~\ref{fig:rhoplot}) over the range of values for $\alpha$
  used in this study. (Lines are added just to guide the eye.) For
  $\alpha>1$, $\omega$ initially drops towards a minimum near
  $\alpha=2$ to rise again and approach its SK-value of 2/3. In turn,
  $\rho$ rises monotonically from about zero at $\alpha=1$ to its
  SK-value, which is which varies only little for $\alpha\geq3$. The
  dash-dotted line corresponds to the naive REM calculation, see
  Eq.~(\ref{eq:omega2<a<4}). Bottom panel: Plot of the ground state
  energy densities in the scaling of
  Eq.~(\ref{eq:energydensity}). Black circles denote the extrapolated
  EO values found in Fig.~\ref{fig:averageE} (connected by a dotted
  line to guide the eye). The line for $1<\alpha<2$ corresponds to the
  RS- and the blue diamonds to the 1RSB-calculation from
  Ref.~\citep{Janzen10a,Janzen10b}, the line for $\alpha>2$ provides
  the exact SK-energy $e_{SK}=-0.76321\ldots$, appropriately
  rescaled. The energies found with EO deviate significantly from the
  theoretical values near $\alpha=2$, where finite-size corrections
  are also the strongest (or, $\omega$ is minimal, see top).}

\end{figure}

\subsection{Exponents as a function of $\alpha$ for $2<\alpha<4$\label{sub:Exponents-as-a}}

While $\rho$ appears to rise rapidly but monotonously from zero at
$\alpha=1$ to approach the SK-limit, $\omega$ instead has a distinct
minimum of about $\omega\approx0.25$ near $\alpha=2$. For larger
$\alpha$, it approaches the presumed SK-value of $\omega=2/3$. In
turn, in the limit for $\alpha\to1^{-}$, $\omega$ may revert to
its SK value, although a simple volume-size correction to the energy
with $\omega=1$ or even exponentially small size corrections with
$\omega\to\infty$ appear conceivable. Although both exponents, $\omega$
and $\rho$, approach the corresponding SK-value convincingly for
larger values of $\alpha$, that limit is attained in a manner that
requires some explanation. Even for values of $\alpha>2$, where a
second moment in $P(J)$ already exists, both exponents still deviate
significantly from their SK-values. The smallest value beyond which
one might argue that the SK-limit has been saturated would be $\alpha=3$,
but it may even be higher. Our data would indicate a steady approach
to that limit but its system-size limitations certainly could not
exclude a singular {}``bend'' at $\alpha=3$, say.

We argue that the origin of these anomalous exponents for $\alpha>2$
can be tied to higher-order differences between the moments of a Gaussian
and a Levy distribution. In particular, for $\alpha\leq4$, the 4th
moment of the Levy distribution remains divergent. As both exponents
refer to finite-size effects, i.e., they do not per-se relate to properties
of the SK (that \emph{are} universal for $2<\alpha<4$) in the thermodynamic
limit, the sensitivity of these exponents to such differences is not
surprising. In the Appendix, we have done a speculative calculation
for the finite-size scaling corrections in the REM model~\citep{derrida:80,derrida:81}
with Levy bonds. The key result, Eq.~(\ref{eq:omega2<a<4}), clearly
demonstrates that at this level there are anomalous scaling exponents
already for $2<\alpha<4$, well in qualitative accord with our numerical
findings in Fig.~\ref{fig:omegarho}, where we indicated the REM result
by a dash-dotted line.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{Ph_250}

\caption{\label{fig:Ph}Plot of the distribution of local fields $P(h)$ for
$h\geq0$ only for a range of system sizes $N$. (The function is
symmetric, and it is normalized to 1/2 for the positive part shown
here.) The distribution is nearly linear for $h\to0$, although higher
order terms become more noticeable for increasing $h$ than is the
case for SK~\citep{Boettcher07b}. For larger values of $h$, we observe
a much broader tail than for SK, yet, that tail still represents an
exponential fall-off. From this plot it is not clear whether $P(h)$
at $h=0$ remains finite for $N\to\infty$, therefore, we study the
behavior of $P(0)$ more closely in Fig.~\ref{fig:P0}.}

\end{figure}

\subsection{Local field distribution at $\alpha=3/2$ }

We now investigate also the distribution of local fields $P(h)$ in
the ground state configurations for $\alpha=3/2$. Instead of parsing
out the whole parameter space, we focus on a single value of $\alpha$
to optimize statistics. Specifically, $\alpha=3/2$ is chosen, since
it is ideally located sufficiently below the cross-over regime near
$\alpha=2$ , above which the central limit theorem comes into play,
and sufficiently above $\alpha=1$, where (numerical and theoretical)
pathologies arise due to the extreme breadth of the bond distribution.

In Fig.~\ref{fig:Ph} we plot the data obtained for $P(h)$ for $\alpha=3/2$
up to $N=200$. The function has similar characteristics to those
observed in other spin glasses~\citep{Boettcher07b}, with a near-Poissonian
shape, but with a much broader tail for larger $h$. Overall, at $N=200$
finite-size effects have largely diminished already, with the notable
exception near $h=0$, which in turn harbors the dynamically most
relevant information contained in $P(h)$. In the ground state configuration
(in which almost all variables have a positive local field) the number
of variables with near-vanishing local field characterize the stability
of the state, for which the scaling-behavior of $P(h)$ for $N\to\infty$
and $h\to0$ holds the key. Despite significant curvature for increasing
$h$, it seems clear from Fig.~\ref{fig:Ph} that the slope of $P(h)$
is nonetheless linear at the origin, as it is for SK.

To obtain a closer insight into the scaling of $P(0)$ itself, we
plot in Fig.~\ref{fig:P0} just the values at the origin of Fig.~\ref{fig:Ph}
as a function of system size $N$. It is very hard to get well-converged
data for larger system sizes, such as those available for SK~\citep{Boettcher07b},
but luckily the data exhibits already solid scaling starting with
$N\geq31$. The scaling, with an exponent of about $\approx0.4$,
indicates that $P(0)\to0$ in the thermodynamic limit but is definitely
slower decaying than for SK, which falls with $1/\sqrt{N}$~\citep{Boettcher07b}.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.32]{P0_250}

\caption{\label{fig:P0}Plot of $P(0)$ as a function of system size $N$.
The data exhibits scaling over almost a decade, decaying roughly as
$N^{-0.39}$, displayed as the full line. For comparison, lines for
a $N^{-1/2}$ (dotted line) and $N^{-1/4}$-decay (dash-dotted line)
are also plotted.}

\end{figure}

\section{Acknowledgments\label{sec:Conclusions}}

Many thanks to J-P. Bouchaud for his suggestions that initiated this
project. I am greatly indebted to K. Janzen and A. Engel for many
clarifying discussion and for providing me with some of their data,
and to the Fulbright Kommission for supporting my stay at Oldenburg
University. This work has been supported also by grants 0312510 and
0812204 from the Division of Materials Research at the National Science
Foundation and by the Emory University Research Council.

\section{Appendix:\label{sec:Appendix:} Finite-Size Corrections in the Levy-REM}

We use here the assumption of the random energy model (REM)~\citep{derrida:80,derrida:81}
that the spectrum of available states are uncorrelated to obtain an
estimate for the finite-size scaling of the SK model with Levy bonds.
This is true for the $p$-spin generalization of SK in the limit of
$p\to\infty$ with Gaussian bonds, but this is clearly not obvious
for Levy bonds. We go even further and assume this to hold even for
$p=2$, the case considered for SK in this paper, in order to estimate
leading-order scaling and finite-size corrections to the ground state
energy density. A full treatment of the Levy-REM would likely be a
lengthy exercise but potentially rewarding as interesting classes
of the extreme-value distribution of ground-state energies and of
the local field distribution may result.

\subsection{REM with Gaussian bonds\label{sec:REM-with-Gaussian}}

To review the REM\citep{derrida:80,derrida:81,Gross84} calculation
for the Hamiltonian of the $p$-spin model,
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal H}\left(\left\{ \sigma_{i}\right\} \right) & = &
\frac{1}{p!}\sum_{i_{1}=1,\ldots,i_{p}=1}^{N}J_{i_{1},\ldots,i_{p}}\sigma_{i_{1}}\times\ldots\times\sigma_{i_{p}},
\label{eq:pHamiltonian}
\end{eqnarray}
for Gaussian bonds, we set
\begin{eqnarray}
P\left(J\right) & = & \sqrt{\frac{N^{p-1}}{\pi p!}}\exp\left\{
-\frac{N^{p-1}}{p!}J^{2}\right\}
\label{eq:GaussianP}
\end{eqnarray}
and, following Ref.~\citep{F+H}, calculate the densities of energy-levels via
\begin{eqnarray}
&&{\cal D}\left(E\right)  =  \left\langle \delta\left(E-{\cal H}\left(\left\{ \sigma_{i}\right\} \right)\right)\right\rangle _{J},
\label{eq:PE}\\
 && =
  \int\prod_{i_{1},\ldots,i_{p}}^{N}\left[dJ_{i_{1},\ldots,i_{p}}P\left(J_{i_{1},\ldots,i_{p}}\right)\right]\nonumber\\
&&\qquad\delta\left(E-\frac{1}{p!}\sum_{i_{1},\ldots,i_{p}}^{N}J_{i_{1},\ldots,i_{p}}\sigma_{i_{1}}\ldots\sigma_{i_{p}}\right),\nonumber \\
 && =
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{dt}{2\pi}\,e^{iEt}\prod_{i_{1}=1,\ldots,i_{p}=1}^{N}\left[\int
  dJP\left(J\right)\exp\left\{\frac{iJt}{p!}\sigma_{i_{1}}\ldots\sigma_{i_{p}}\right\}\right],
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
assuming in the first line that the energies are uncorrelated:
\begin{equation}
{\cal D}\left(E_{1},E_{2}\right)={\cal D}\left(E_{1}\right){\cal
  D}\left(E_{2}\right).
\label{eq:Dfactorization}
\end{equation}
The ensuing Gaussian integral in Eq.~(\ref{eq:PE}) only depends on
$\left(\sigma_{i_{1}}\ldots\sigma_{i_{p}}\right)^{2}\equiv1$,
thus,
\begin{equation}
{\cal D}\left(E\right) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{dt}{2\pi}e^{N\psi\left(t\right)}
\label{eq:psi_integral}
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}
\psi\left(t\right)  =  it\frac{E}{N}-\frac{t^{2}}{4}.
\end{equation}
Of course, no steepest-descent analysis is required here to solve
\emph{this} integral:
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal D}\left(E\right) & = & \frac{e^{-\frac{E}{N}^{2}}}{\sqrt{N\pi}}.\label{eq:D-REM}\end{eqnarray}
Then, we get for the entropy
\begin{eqnarray}
S\left(E\right)  &=&  \ln\Omega\left(E\right)
= \ln\left[2^{N}{\cal D}\left(E\right)\right]\nonumber\\
 &=&  N\left[\ln2-\left(\frac{E}{N}\right)^{2}+O\left(\frac{\ln N}{N}\right)\right].
\label{eq:REMentropyGauss}
\end{eqnarray}
As the entropy may not become negative, vanishing of the entropy (-density)
defines the ground-state energy density
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{E_{0}}{N} & = & -\sqrt{\ln2}+O\left(\frac{\ln N}{N}\right).
\label{eq:REM-GS-Gauss}
\end{eqnarray}
Its numerical value, $-\sqrt{\ln2}=-0.832555$, is plausible when
compared to the Parisi energy, $e_{SK}=-0.763217\ldots$
\citep{Oppermann05,Oppermann07}.  The implicated finite-size
correction of this result, $\ln\left(N\right)/N$ or $\omega=1$, of
course, does not correspond to the SK result for $p=2$, presumed to
scale with $N^{-\frac{2}{3}}$. But since this result has become
entirely independent of $p\geq2$, one would hardly expect a better
agreement. After all, only for $p\to\infty$ are these energy levels
sufficiently uncorrelated, as in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Dfactorization}), to
justify this approach. The value of our calculation here lies not so
much in a precise prediction for $\omega$ but in a plausible trend in
the function $\omega(\alpha)$ and its transitions.

\subsection{REM with Levy Bonds\label{sec:REM-with-Levy}}

We can repeat the above calculation for the $p$-spin Hamiltonian
in Eq.~(\ref{eq:pHamiltonian}) with a bond distribution of the
Levy-type,
\begin{eqnarray}
P\left(J\right) & = &
\frac{\alpha}{2}B^{\alpha}\left|J\right|^{-1-\alpha}\theta\left(\left|J\right|-B\right),
\label{eq:Levy}
\end{eqnarray}
for some positive $B$, which will be discussed below.

Inserting this bond distribution into Eq.~(\ref{eq:PE}) results in
a density of states ${\cal D}\left(E\right)$ as in Eq.~(\ref{eq:psi_integral})
using
\begin{equation}
\psi\left(t\right) = \pm it\frac{E}{N}+N^{p-1}\ln\left[f_{\alpha}\left(\frac{tB}{p!}\right)\right]
\label{eq:psi-f}
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}
f_{\alpha}\left(x\right) =
\alpha\int_{1}^{\infty}d\xi\frac{\cos\left[x\xi\right]}{\xi^{1+\alpha}},
\end{equation}
which can be written in terms of special functions to facilitate
the ensuing analysis:
\begin{eqnarray}
f_{\alpha}\left(x\right) & = &
\,{}_{1}F_{2}\left(-\frac{\alpha}{2};\frac{1}{2},1-\frac{\alpha}{2};-\frac{x^{2}}{4}\right)\nonumber\\
&&\quad-\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\alpha\right)\Gamma\left(1-\alpha\right)x^{\alpha}.
\label{eq:f-hyper}
\end{eqnarray}
For even $\alpha=2,4,\ldots$, both terms in Eq.~(\ref{eq:f-hyper})
develop identical singularities for small $x$ in a way that the resulting
expression always remains finite:
\begin{eqnarray}
f_{2}\left(x\right) & = & \cos\left(x\right)-x\sin\left(x\right)+x^{2}{\rm Ci}\left(x\right),\label{eq:f24}\\
f_{4}\left(x\right) & = &
\left(1-\frac{x^{2}}{6}\right)\cos\left(x\right)\nonumber\\
&&\quad-\frac{x}{6}\left(2-x^{2}\right)\sin\left(x\right)-\frac{x^{4}}{6}{\rm
  Ci}\left(x\right).\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

From Eq.~(\ref{eq:psi-f}) it is clear that for the saddle point in
the thermodynamic limit $N\to\infty$, $B$ will have to be chosen
to scale with the system size as to make $\psi\left(t\right)$ stationary
in that limit and to render the energy density $E/N$ intensive, i.
e., it has to serve to compensate the explicit factor of $N^{p-1}$.
We expect that for all values of $\alpha$ the saddle point is located
at some (possibly complex) finite value of $t_{0}$ while $B$ becomes
small in some fashion for $N\to\infty$. In that case, we are merely
looking for the series expansion of $\ln\left[f_{\alpha}\left(x\right)\right]$
for small values of $x$:
\begin{eqnarray}
-\ln f_{\alpha}\left(x\right) & \sim&
\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\alpha\right)\Gamma\left(1-\alpha\right)x^{\alpha}+\frac{\alpha}{2\left(\alpha-2\right)}x^{2}\nonumber\\
&&\quad+\frac{\alpha\left(\alpha^{2}-4\alpha-2\right)}{12\left(\alpha-4\right)\left(\alpha-2\right)^{2}}x^{4}+\ldots,
\label{eq:lnfalpha}
\end{eqnarray}
as long as $\alpha>2$; for $\alpha<2$ there are higher powers of
the $x^{\alpha}$-term in Eq.~(\ref{eq:f-hyper}) from the expansion
of the logarithm to take into account. There are exceptional cases
for $\alpha=2,4,\ldots$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\ln f_{2}\left(x\right) & \sim & x^{2}\left[\left(\ln
  x+\gamma\right)-\frac{3}{2}\right]\nonumber\\
&&-\frac{x^{4}}{6}\left[3\left(\ln
  x+\gamma\right)^{2}-9\left(\ln x+\gamma\right)+7\right]+\ldots,
\nonumber \\
\ln f_{4}\left(x\right) & \sim &
-x^{2}-\frac{x^{4}}{72}\left[12\left(\ln  x+\gamma\right)+11\right]+\ldots.
\label{eq:lnf24}
\end{eqnarray}

\paragraph{Case $\alpha>4$:\label{sub:a>4}}

For $\alpha>4$, the irregular term in Eq.~(\ref{eq:lnfalpha}) becomes
irrelevant for the determination of ground-state energy density and
its corrections. We find for $\psi\left(t\right)$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:psi-f})
to leading orders,
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi\left(t\right) & \sim &
it\frac{E}{N}-\frac{\alpha}{2\left(\alpha-2\right)}N^{p-1}\left(\frac{tB}{p!}\right)^{2}\nonumber\\
&&-\frac{\alpha\left(\alpha^{2}-4\alpha-2\right)}{12\left(\alpha-4\right)\left(\alpha-2\right)^{2}}N^{p-1}\left(\frac{tB}{p!}\right)^{4}+\ldots,
\nonumber\\
 & \sim & it\frac{E}{N}-\frac{t}{4}^{2}+C\frac{t^{4}}{N^{p-1}}+\ldots,
\label{eq:psi>4}
\end{eqnarray}
for some constant $C$ and with the choice of
\begin{eqnarray}
B & = & \sqrt{\frac{p!\left(\alpha-2\right)}{2\alpha}}\,N^{-\frac{p-1}{2}}.
\label{eq:B-SK}
\end{eqnarray}
We can write the density of states in Eq.~(\ref{eq:psi_integral}) as
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal D}\left(E\right) & \sim &
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{dt}{2\pi}\,e^{N\left(it\frac{E}{N}-\frac{t}{4}^{2}\right)+C\frac{t^{4}}{N^{p-2}}+\ldots}.
\label{eq:psi-integral>4}
\end{eqnarray}
Focusing only on a small $\epsilon$-neighborhood in $t$ near the
saddle-point $t_{0}=2i\frac{E}{N}$ (with $1/\sqrt{N}\ll\epsilon\ll1$),
followed by the shift $t=t_{0}+\frac{u}{\sqrt{N}}$ yields~\citep{BO}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal D}\left(E\right)
 & \sim &
\frac{e^{-N\left[\left(\frac{E}{N}\right)^{2}+O\left(\frac{1}{N^{p-1}}\right)\right]}}{\sqrt{\pi
    N}}
\label{eq:DE>4}\\
&&\quad\int_{-\epsilon\sqrt{N}\to-\infty}^{\epsilon\sqrt{N}\to\infty}\frac{du}{\sqrt{4\pi}}\,\left[1+O\left(\frac{u^{2}}{N^{p-1}}\right)\right]e^{-\frac{u^{2}}{4}},\nonumber\\
 & \sim & \exp\left\{
-N\left[\left(\frac{E}{N}\right)^{2}+O\left(\frac{\ln
    N}{N}\right)+O\left(\frac{1}{N^{p-1}}\right)\right]\right\} .
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Hence, for $\alpha>4$ there is neither a change in scaling for the
leading-order calculation for the ground state energy density nor
for its finite size correction from those obtained for the REM with
Gaussian bonds in Sec.~\ref{sec:REM-with-Gaussian}, as for $p=2$
(or larger) any corrections arising from the broader tails remain
sub-dominant. Furthermore, the pre-factor in the choice of $B$ in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:B-SK}) ensures that the second moment of the bond distribution
remains unity, $\left\langle J^{2}\right\rangle =1$, for all $\alpha>2$,
such that the ground-state energy is also numerically identical to
that of the Gaussian case.

\paragraph{Case $2<\alpha<4$:\label{sub:Case2<a<4}}

In this case, the irregular term in Eq.~(\ref{eq:lnfalpha}) now becomes
relevant for the determination of the finite-size correction for the
ground-state energy density and its corrections. With the same choice
of $B$ as in Eq.~(\ref{eq:B-SK}), we then find for $\psi\left(t\right)$
in Eq.~(\ref{eq:psi-f}) to leading orders,
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi\left(t\right) & \sim &
it\frac{E}{N}-\frac{\alpha}{2\left(\alpha-2\right)}N^{p-1}\left(\frac{tB}{p!}\right)^{2}\nonumber\\
 &&~~+\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\alpha\right)\Gamma\left(1-\alpha\right)N^{p-1}\left(\frac{tB}{p!}\right)^{\alpha}+\ldots,\nonumber \\
 & \sim &
it\frac{E}{N}-\frac{t}{4}^{2}+C\frac{t^{\alpha}}{N^{\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}-1\right)\left(p-1\right)}}+\ldots.
\label{eq:psi2<a<4}
\end{eqnarray}
Following exactly along the lines of Eqs.~(\ref{eq:psi-integral>4}-\ref{eq:DE>4}),
we obtain
\begin{equation}
-\frac{\ln{\cal D}\left(E\right)}{N}  \sim
\left(\frac{E}{N}\right)^{2}+O\left(\frac{\ln
  N}{N}\right)+O\left(\frac{1}{N^{\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}-1\right)\left(p-1\right)}}\right),
\nonumber
\end{equation}
where now the correction in $\psi(t)$ accounts for the next-to-leading
term, dominating the factor originating from the Gaussian saddle-point
integral for some ($p>2$) or all ($p=2$) of this regime. We surmise
that to leading order we retain the ground-state energy from the Gaussian
case here (as the second moment of the bond distribution still exists!),
but already in this regime of $\alpha$ we find a non-universal effect
in terms of the finite-size corrections~\citep{Boettcher10a}. For
instance, ignoring the fact that statistical independence of the energy
levels only holds for $p\to\infty$, we boldly set $p=2$ to extract
an approximation for the finite-size scaling exponent, \begin{eqnarray}
\omega(\alpha) & = & \frac{\alpha}{2}-1\qquad\left(2<\alpha<4\right).\label{eq:omega2<a<4}\end{eqnarray}
While not in great quantitative agreement with the numerical results
for $p=2$, this analysis does indeed capture the essence of the numerical
results to some qualitative satisfaction.

\paragraph{Case $\alpha=2$:\label{sub:Case=00003D2}}

It seems clear that in this case not only the corrections but also
the ground state itself will pick up some messy form of log-scaling.
To this end, it suffices to determine the form of $B$ that leaves
the saddle-point stationary for $N\to\infty$. From Eqs.~(\ref{eq:psi-f})
and expanding~(\ref{eq:lnf24}) to sufficient order, we get\begin{eqnarray}
\psi\left(t\right) & \sim & it\frac{E}{N}+N^{p-1}\left(\frac{tB}{p!}\right)^{2}\ln\left(\frac{tB}{p!}\right)+\ldots.\label{eq:psi=00003D2}\end{eqnarray}
Even for general complex $t$, the saddle-point is still determined
via $\psi'\left(t_{0}\right)=0$. The obtained saddle-point at \begin{eqnarray}
t_{0} & \sim & i\left(\frac{E}{N}\right)\frac{\left(p!\right)^{2}}{2N^{p-1}B^{2}\ln\left(N^{p-1}B\right)}\label{eq:t0=00003D2}\end{eqnarray}
becomes stationary for the choice of \begin{eqnarray}
B & = & \frac{1}{N^{\frac{p-1}{2}}\sqrt{\ln N^{\frac{p-1}{2}}}}.\label{eq:B=00003D2}\end{eqnarray}
Thus, we have acquired an unusual logarithmic correction, already
for the leading behavior of the ground state energy density. Inserting
$t_{0}$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:t0=00003D2}) into $\psi\left(t\right)$
in Eq.~(\ref{eq:psi=00003D2}) yields\begin{eqnarray}
\psi\left(t_{0}\right) & = & -\frac{\left(p!\right)^{2}}{4}\left(\frac{E}{N}\right)^{2}\left[1+O\left(\frac{\ln\sqrt{\ln N^{\frac{p-1}{2}}}}{\ln N^{\frac{p-1}{2}}}\right)\right],\label{eq:psit0=00003D2}\end{eqnarray}
assuming that any other contribution from the actual saddle-point
integral only results in much smaller corrections than the indicated
ones, arising from the corrections in the motion of the saddle-point
itself. At $p=2$, we would therefore predict for the ground state
energy density, \begin{eqnarray}
\frac{E_{0}}{N} & = & -\sqrt{\ln2}+O\left(\frac{\ln\sqrt{\ln\sqrt{N}}}{\ln\sqrt{N}}\right),\label{eq:REM-GS=00003D2}\end{eqnarray}
with the same thermodynamic limit as before, but much smaller corrections.
Of course, such a scaling is nearly impossible to verify numerically.

\paragraph{Case $1<\alpha<2$: \label{sub:Case1<2}}

Now, the saddle-point analysis changes somewhat, with the integration
contour being rotated into the complex plane, requiring a more sophisticated
steepest-descent approach~\citep{BO}. In our naive approach taken
here, we find that reasonable solutions for $E_{0}$ persist for $\alpha>\frac{3}{2}$,
at which point the saddle point rotates across the branch-cut on the
negative real-axis in the complex-$t$ plane. We leave this calculation
as an exercise for the reader.

\bibliographystyle{apsrev}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Who's on the move: January 2, 2023
by Inside Logistics Online Staff January 2, 2023
Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated
Richard Cacchione and Sylvain Villiard have been reappointed to the board of directors of the Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated (JCCBI), the Crown corporation responsible for the operation of five federal transportation corridors in the Montreal area. Cacchione has extensive business experience in both the private and public sectors, particularly in construction and infrastructure, with companies such as Hydro-Québec, Aéroports de Montréal and Groupe Lavalin. He serves on the boards of private companies and foundations. He was appointed to the Board of Directors of JCCBI on June 21, 2018. Villiard is an experienced lawyer and manager who has worked in government administration. One of his roles was as assistant director general of the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), where he led the hospital's modernization project. He was appointed to the Board of Directors of JCCBI on June 15, 2017.
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text:
package com.streamsets.pipeline.stage.origin.coapserver;

import com.streamsets.pipeline.api.Stage;
import org.eclipse.californium.core.CoapServer;
import org.eclipse.californium.core.network.config.NetworkConfig;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

public class CoapReceiverServer {
  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CoapReceiverServer.class);
  private CoapServerConfigs coAPServerConfigs;
  private final CoapReceiver receiver;
  private final BlockingQueue<Exception> errorQueue;
  private CoapServer coapServer;
  private CoapReceiverResource coapReceiverResource;

  CoapReceiverServer(CoapServerConfigs coAPServerConfigs, CoapReceiver receiver, BlockingQueue<Exception> errorQueue) {
    this.coAPServerConfigs = coAPServerConfigs;
    this.receiver = receiver;
    this.errorQueue = errorQueue;
  }

  public List<Stage.ConfigIssue> init(Stage.Context context) {
    List<Stage.ConfigIssue> issues = new ArrayList<>();
    NetworkConfig networkConfig = NetworkConfig.createStandardWithoutFile();
    networkConfig.set(NetworkConfig.Keys.DEDUPLICATOR, NetworkConfig.Keys.NO_DEDUPLICATOR);
    networkConfig.set(NetworkConfig.Keys.PROTOCOL_STAGE_THREAD_COUNT, coAPServerConfigs.maxConcurrentRequests);
    networkConfig.set(NetworkConfig.Keys.NETWORK_STAGE_RECEIVER_THREAD_COUNT, coAPServerConfigs.maxConcurrentRequests);
    if (coAPServerConfigs.networkConfigs != null) {
      for (String key: coAPServerConfigs.networkConfigs.keySet()) {
        networkConfig.set(key, coAPServerConfigs.networkConfigs.get(key));
      }
    }
    coapServer = new CoapServer(networkConfig, coAPServerConfigs.port);
    coapReceiverResource = new CoapReceiverResource(context, receiver, errorQueue);
    coapServer.add(coapReceiverResource);
    coapServer.start();
    return issues;
  }

  public void destroy() {
    LOG.debug("Shutting down, port '{}'", coAPServerConfigs.port);
    if (coapServer != null) {
      coapReceiverResource.setShuttingDown();
      coapServer.stop();
      coapServer = null;
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


One of the most distinguished buildings of colonial Cuba, this mid-17-century mansion built in 1648 stands out for its wide spatial layout, the lovely central courtyard, ample galleries, colored decorative friezes and, most prominently, an elaborately sculpted baroque limestone portal made in 1686 in Cadiz, Spain.
Before his death, the owner—Don Martín Calvo de la Puerta y Arrieta—left the amount of 102 thousand gold pesos that were to be used to provide dowries every year to five orphans so that 'without losing their integrity and decency they could bear strong and sturdy children'. This pious act would later give name to this street: Calle de la Obra Pía or Pious Act Street.
Opened as a museum in 1983, it is devoted to recreating Cuban customs and traditions of the 19th century, with emphasis on colonial furniture and linen goods used by the aristocracy of the time. A permanent collection of objects belonging to Cuban novelist Alejo Carpentier is also housed here, including the blue Volkswagen he used when he was Cuban ambassador to UNESCO in Paris. It is also home to the sisterhood of embroiderers and weavers of Belén, one of the Old Havana guilds that are being revived.


text:
EU care worker sacked over Brexit rules after spending entire life in the UK
"This is yet another betrayal by the Brexiters of the promise made that nothing would change for EU citizens already here," former Labour MEP Seb Dance said.
by Andra Maciuca
in News, Politics
Photo: PA
A Spanish woman who has lived in England more than four decades has been sacked from her care home job because she could not prove her right to work in the UK post-Brexit.
The news comes as EU citizens had to apply for the UK government's EU Settlement Scheme by 30 June in order to mantain their rights to live, work and access housing and healthcare in the UK.
The woman, who wishes to stay anonymous, arrived in the UK when she was 11 months old and has never left since, The Guardian has reported.
Waiting on the Home Office
She said she tried more than 100 times to speak to the Home Office over the past three weeks, but could not get through the helpline.
Although she applied for the EU Settled Status, she is still awaiting a decision whilst the Home Office processes a backlog of more than 500,000 cases.
The woman, who is married to a British man, is the main earner in her household, and said her dismissal means she is struggling to put food on the table for their two British children. The lack of EUSS means she is also unable to claim benefits.
'Provide evidence'
But her employer told her they had to fire her because they believed they would be fined by the government if they kept employing her.
She said her employer asked her to "provide evidence" that she "had the right to work in the UK".
The question came as she has been paying tax and national insurance contributions for around 30 years.
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Employment discrimination of EU citizens
Dora-Olivia Vicol, CEO at Work Rights Centre, told the newspaper that EU nationals are often refused employment opportunities whilst waiting for a decision on their EU status in the UK and that employers don't tend to read Home Office guidance.
"The hostile environment has created a culture of fear, where risk-averse employers are overreacting in their right to work checks," she said.
A Home Office spokesperson told The Guardian: "There have already been more than 5.1m grants of status under the hugely successful EU settlement scheme. Anyone who applied to the scheme by the 30 June deadline, but has not had a decision, has their rights protected until their application is decided. This is set out in law."
Meanwhile, EU rights campaigning group the3million said the Spanish woman's case represents the "reality for individuals" as compared to "stats, soundbites and complex guidance".
The group labelled the government;'s communication to employers as "woeful".
"The Home Office stresses the fines and penalties for anyone employing someone without the right to work, and adds as a p.s. that people should not be discriminated against. Which bit is in bold?" the group has asked.
Marlies Haselton, from The Netherlands, said: "Does it sound familiar to you? They did this to the Windrush victims. They are doing it again."
But the communication to employers has been woeful on this.
The Home Office stresses the fines and penalties for anyone employing someone without the right to work, and adds as a p.s. that people should not be discriminated against.
Which bit is in bold? https://t.co/EdoasoMnS2 pic.twitter.com/JZD3Tqt6nK
— the3million (@the3million) July 19, 2021
Bremain in Spain, a group campaining for citizens rights, said the situation is "disgraceful". "We sadly expect a lot more of this," they warned.
Former Labour MEP for London Seb Dance added: "This is yet another betrayal by the Brexiters of the promise made that nothing would change for EU citizens already here.
"It is also a tragic example of how ending free movement hits those with the least the hardest."
This is yet another betrayal by the Brexiters of the promise made that nothing would change for EU citizens already here. It is also a tragic example of how ending free movement hits those with the least the hardest. https://t.co/WaqVOZv9t9
— Seb Dance ??? (@SebDance) July 19, 2021
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The Home Office said I had the perfect citizenship application – and then rejected it
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"In 2016, of the 16 entrepreneurial companies that AgStart assisted, eight resided outside our region, and leveraged AgStart's program to make connections into our Sacramento Valley region," said John Selep, president of AgTech Innovation Alliance, AgStart's sponsor.
UC Cooperative Extension specialists and advisors, who work in every county, can provide insight into real-world conditions that entrepreneurs should consider in the development stage. UC ANR's nine research and extension centers can provide locations to field-test products and demonstrate their effectiveness. For example, start-up Blue River is testing its technology by flying a drone over sorghum crops to collect data at the UC Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Parlier.
The VINE, which is working with UC Davis Innovation Institute for Food and Health and Valley Vision, is being structured to complement other efforts to establish food, agriculture, and natural resources incubation and innovation resources in cluster locations around the state, such as the BlueTechValley Regional Innovation Cluster, the Western Growers Innovation & Technology Center, UC Merced's VentureLab and others.
Originally published by UC Agriculture and Natural Resources on September 26, 2017. Republished with permission.


early-to-mid 1960s to the early 1980s. Born between1965 and1980, any entered the workforce during the boom years of the Clinton administrationbut then along came9/11 and, a few years later the Great Recession. Research from MetLife, examining x exponente resolucion the boomers, split their cohort into "older boomers which they defined as born between 19, and "younger boomers which they defined as born between 19They found much of the cultural identity of the baby-boomer generation is associated with the "older boomers. "America's Generations With Chuck Underwood - Generation X". "X or Y: A View from the Cusp".
X Saves the World: How Generation X Got the Shaft but Can Still Keep Everything from Sucking. Russell, Dominique (March 25, 2010). 132 Economy United States Studies antonio jodar carrasco telefono done by the Pew Charitable Trusts, the American Enterprise Institute, the Brookings Institution, the Heritage Foundation and the Urban Institute challenged the notion that each generation will be better off than the one that preceded. Retrieved "Oldsters Get The Gen X Feeling". 129 While not a member of Gen X himself, director John Hughes has been recognized as having created a series of classic films with Gen X characters which "an entire generation took ownership of including The Breakfast Club, 130 131 Sixteen Candles, Weird Science and. Epstein, Leonora (July 17, 2013). The cohort has been credited videos x bañador with entrepreneurial tendencies. Leeming, Robert (19 February 2016). Coker, "Slick Rick: Behind Bars", Rolling Stone, March 9, 1995.
Generation X, sometimes abbreviated to Gen-X, is a term used to describe the people born roughly between 19It is sandwiched between the Baby Boomer and Millennial generations.Stereotyped as having characteristics such as a lack of direction and cynicism, members of this group.
X legal professionals may hold junior partner, senior associate, mid-level paralegal and mid-level support staff positions in law firms. The first Boomer segment is bounded by the Kennedy and Martin Luther King assassinations, the Civil Rights movements and the Vietnam War. I mean, its just so uncool. I never really believed the notion of a generation. Its spoken by the teacher, Richard Vernon (Paul Gleason, 39 the only adult with a major role in the movie other than the janitor, Carl (John Kapelos, 56). While Boomers I had Vietnam, Boomers II had aids as part of their rites of passage. "Making less than dad did". Archived from the original on Retrieved "Volunteering in the United States" (PDF). Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2017. In the 1990s, Strauss reported Gen Xers were "by any measure the least racist of today's generations". Hardworking Xers are reportedly the hardest working generation in the workforce the workhorses of America. Grunge Music Kurt Cobain Environmental Disasters Three-Mile Island, Love Canal, Union Carbide Flannel Designer Jeans Calvin Klein, Gloria Vanderbilt, Jordache, Chic, Bill Blass Big Hair Michael Jackson John Hughes Films The Breakfast Club, Sixteen Candles, Ferris Buellers Day Off, etc. Twenty-nine percent of Generation X adults were very happy with a score of 9 or 10 on the scale." In terms of advocating for their children in the educational setting, demographer Neil Howe describes Gen X parents as distinct from Baby Boomer parents. I pretty much stick to 1961 to 1981. Roni Sariq, "Crazy Wisdom Masters" Archived at the Wayback Machine., City Pages, April 16, 1997.
Lyrical content from the era often drew attention to a variety of social issues including afrocentric living, drug use, crime and violence, religion, culture, the state of the American economy, and the modern man's struggle.
Journal of Current Issues in Research Advertising. Cheo Hodari Coker, It's a Beautiful Feeling, Los Angeles Times, August 11, 1996. However, by 2028, Gen Xers will outnumber Baby Boomers in the. Public Enemy, 1 Lyricsdepot, May 25, 2008 Hanson, Peter (2002). "Why Generation X is Sparking a Renaissance in Entrepreneurship". In addition to lyrical self-glorification, hip hop was also used as a form of social protest. A Magid Associates survey of Pluralschildren born after1996found differences between those with Gen X parents and those with boomer parents. A b Wilson, Carl. Andrew Pettie, Where rap went wrong, The Daily Telegraph, August 11, 2005.
Depending on whom you ask, it was either sociologists, a novelist, or Billy Idol who cemented this phrase in our vocabulary. Jobs that must be done in person such as plumbers, electricians, barbers, beauticians, should still be in demand, although lower paying than jobs requiring a college education. What Makes the Generations Different? They take up space, they consume your money on insurance and repairs even while they are just sitting doing nothing. They were named the Greatest Generation by Tom Brokaw, famous News Broadcaster. No set timeframe can be agreed upon as some claim that children actually born in the 1980s are not Gen-Xers. Baby Boomers, years Born : 1944 to 1964, current Ages : 54. Adding to savings is increasingly challenging for Gen X, however, since their real (adjusted for inflation) disposable incomes are growing at an average annual rate of about.8 percent, versus about.0 percent for Baby Boomers, when the latter were of similar age. The new reality is that Gen Xers are planning to reinvent retirement. Automotive engineering is tough. A flurry of potential labels have appeared, including Gen Tech, post-Millennials, iGeneration, and Gen Y-Fi, as dubbed in this Huffington Post post. Space flight related jobs will pick up as we focus on getting people to the moon, Mars, and space stations. They grew up expecting a hard life. Manage Your Debt If you are thinking about buying a house, then you will probably be wise to look first at a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage.