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Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology provides an International forum for original research papers, reviews, and commentaries on all aspects of the molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, histology and cytology, genetics and evolution of plant-microbe interactions.
Papers on all kinds of infective pathogen, including viruses, prokaryotes, fungi, and nematodes, as well as mutualistic organisms such as Rhizobium and mycorrhyzal fungi, are acceptable as long as they have a bearing on the interaction between pathogen and plant.
Research Areas Include:
• Recognition in plant immunity
• Cell biology of plant-microbe interactions
• Plant molecular defense responses, including transcriptome, proteome, miRNA profiling, metabolome
• Mechanisms of specific resistance, induced resistance and non-host -resistance
• Plant hormones and regulators in plant-microbe interactions
• Molecular biology of phytoalexins and other secondary metabolites of the host and their roles in resistance
• Pathogen effectors involved in pathogenicity and interaction with the host
• Pathogen infection mechanisms and host defense suppression
• Novel approaches for disease control
• Induction of plant immunity and biotechnology of resistance
• Pathogen molecular diagnostic.
• Your Paper Your Way
• Types of article
• Submit your article
• NEW SUBMISSIONS
• REVISED SUBMISSIONS
• Essential title page information
• Abbreviations
Your Paper Your Way
We now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single Word or PDF file to be used in the refereeing process. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a 'correct format' for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article.
To find out more, please visit the Preparation section below.
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology publishes original research papers, reviews, and commentaries on all aspects of the molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, genetics, cytology, ultrastructure, and evolution of plant-microbe interactions involving pathogenic or mutualistic organisms. Work of a trivial nature, even though it may have been competently performed, will not be published. Papers on new techniques, or work based on studies in pure culture, must have a direct bearing on the host-microbe interaction to be acceptable.
Types of article
The journal Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology accepts three types of manuscripts:
Invited Reviews (IR)
Authors interested in writing a review article should contact one of the editors in advance by submitting a summary of the intended manuscript. The editor may then send an official letter of invitation with further instructions.
Original Papers (OP)
Original Papers represent a substantial novel finding in plant pathology, normally produced through the application of a combination of experimental techniques. The text should not exceed 10 printed pages including tables and figures (45000 characters plus up to ten figures and/or tables and not more as 50 references).
Short Communications (SC)
Short Communications should not exceed 4 printed pages including tables and figures (20000 characters and up to 4 figures and/or tables). Please note: A SC is not a publication that contains too few or preliminary data to justify a full paper. It should report "urgent data" that should be communicated to the scientific community prior to the completion of the full investigation.
Page charges
This journal has no page charges.
All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors should complete the declaration of interest statement using this template and upload to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step. If there are no interests to declare, please choose: 'Declarations of interest: none' in the template. This statement will be published within the article if accepted. More information.
Please submit your article via http://ees.elsevier.com/ypmpp/
Please submit the names and institutional e-mail addresses of several potential referees. For more details, visit our Support site. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
NEW SUBMISSIONS
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts your files to a single PDF file, which is used in the peer-review process.
As part of the Your Paper Your Way service, you may choose to submit your manuscript as a single file to be used in the refereeing process. This can be a PDF file or a Word document, in any format or lay-out that can be used by referees to evaluate your manuscript. It should contain high enough quality figures for refereeing. If you prefer to do so, you may still provide all or some of the source files at the initial submission. Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be uploaded separately.
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.
Formatting requirements
There are no strict formatting requirements but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
If your article includes any Videos and/or other Supplementary material, this should be included in your initial submission for peer review purposes.
Divide the article into clearly defined sections.
Figures and tables embedded in text
Please ensure the figures and the tables included in the single file are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the top of the file. The corresponding caption should be placed directly below the figure or table.
REVISED SUBMISSIONS
Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). See also the section on Electronic artwork.
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
Highlights are mandatory for this journal as they help increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the examples here: example Highlights.
A concise and factual abstract is required (maximum length 100 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration Services to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements.
Immediately after the abstract, provide 5 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). The keywords should include the complete scientific names of all plants and micro-organisms used and should also cover the topic investigated and special techniques used. Only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Click here for abbreviations that may be used without definition except in the title and abstract.
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
The complete Latin name (genus, species, authority, together with cultivar, strain or culture number where appropriate) should be cited for every organism at first mention. Thereafter the generic name may be abbreviated to the initial except where this could cause confusion. No further abbreviation is permitted.
Math formulae
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article.
• Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
• Indicate per figure if it is a single, 1.5 or 2-column fitting image.
• For Word submissions only, you may still provide figures and their captions, and tables within a single file at the revision stage.
• Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be provided in separate source files.
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
• Supply files that are too low in resolution.
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
http://open.mendeley.com/use-citation-style/physiological-and-molecular-plant-pathology
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.
Example: '..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ....'
List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2010) 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
[2] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, 2018. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 19, e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
[3] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, fourth ed., Longman, New York, 2000.
[4] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 2009, pp. 281–304.
[5] Cancer Research UK, Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/, 2003 (accessed 13 March 2003).
[dataset] [6] M. Oguro, S. Imahiro, S. Saito, T. Nakashizuka, Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions, Mendeley Data, v1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
MethodsX
You have the option of converting relevant protocols and methods into one or multiple MethodsX articles, a new kind of article that describes the details of customized research methods. Many researchers spend a significant amount of time on developing methods to fit their specific needs or setting, but often without getting credit for this part of their work. MethodsX, an open access journal, now publishes this information in order to make it searchable, peer reviewed, citable and reproducible. Authors are encouraged to submit their MethodsX article as an additional item directly alongside the revised version of their manuscript. If your research article is accepted, your methods article will automatically be transferred over to MethodsX where it will be editorially reviewed. Please note an open access fee is payable for publication in MethodsX. Full details can be found on the MethodsX website. Please use this template to prepare your MethodsX article.


Axel announced a new water-based semi-permanent mold release that yields a consistent matte finish on moulded parts.
The new Axel product is designed to provide release for many parts without requiring reapplication of the mould release. The most significant feature of this new semi-permanent mould release is that it ensures that a matte finish can be maintained on the parts produced throughout the moulding cycle. This is particularly important in applications like wind blade production. "In the past the surface of each part that was produced exhibited more sheen than the one previously moulded. Now, that W-7837D is used, the fifth part appears just as matte in finish as the first", says Nancy Teufel, AXEL's Global Product Manager.
XTEND W-7837D is an aqueous emulsion of proprietary resins and reactive surface modifiers. The product can be applied by spraying or wiping on to the mould surface at either ambient or elevated temperatures and allowing a brief cure. The new mould release is said to be suitable for use on a variety of mould substrates including FRP, aluminium and steel, and can be used in the production of polyester, vinyl ester and epoxy parts processed at temperatures up to 425°F/ 220°.


Alia Bhatt is one most successful actresses in the young bandwagon of Bollywood. Born on 15th March to father Mahesh Bhatt and mother Soni Razdan, she made her full-fledged debut in Karan Johar's 'Student of the year' in 2013, with Siddharth Malhotra and Varun Dhawan. Her acting skills are praised and powerful.
But many of Bhatt's fans do not know that she has acted in a Bollywood film before SOTY. She played the role of young Preity Zinta in 'Sangharsh' also starring Akshay Kumar.
Alia is a fitness freak and in her childhood days she was an overweight girl known by the nickname of 'Aloo'. She does all sorts of yoga everyday to keep her body maintained and balanced. According to sources, it is heard that Alia is very passionate about maintaining her health, her basic motto is to always stay fit and energetic. Her consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is also an essential part of the diet to keep fit.
At the time of the audition for Karan Johar's 'SOTY' the 'Highway' actress was to reduce 16 kilograms, this was the condition on which she was selected for the role of the lead heroine. The 'Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhaniya' actress was selected for her debut movie after the selectors auditioned 500 girls, for the role in the film.
'Dear Zindagi' actress has been loved by many people, due to her acting skills and enjoys a huge fan following. But did you know Alia Bhatt had a crush on someone from the film industry?
Well it is none other than her co-star of 'Dear Zindagi' movie Shahrukh Khan.
Bhatt was raised as an atheist, and does not follow any religion, she is an active supporter of the cause of animal rights and also the member of organization called PETA.
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(-) Testimony
Hearing on U.S. Policy in the Andean Region
U.S. Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control Washington, D.C. September 17, 2002 This transcript has not been edited. WITNESSES: RICHARD L. ARMITAGE, Deputy Secretary of Sta…
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Chairman Saxton, Congressman Meehan, members of the Subcommittee: Thank you for inviting me here today to discuss the future of the U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) and the war on terror, alon…
Testimony by Max Boot
The India Nuclear Deal: Implications for Global Climate Change (Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources)
IntroductionThe debate over the India nuclear deal has been too one-dimensional. Nearly all commentary has focused on whether this proposal would undermine efforts to contain the proliferation of nuc…
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US Trade Policy: The China Question
Let me begin by saying how honored I am to have been invited to appear before your Committee, Senator Baucus. I have long been familiar with the leadership you have provided on trade issues in the Se…
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Testimony before the House Energy and Commerce Committee Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the opportunity to contribute to this important hearing on the D…
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Testimony by Charles Ferguson
A Review of U.S. International Efforts to Secure Radiological Materials
Presented to the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce and the District of Columbia,Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental AffairsMr. Chairman, I a…
Testimony by Charles D. Ferguson
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Testimony on Assessment of the Proliferation Risks of Spent Fuel Reprocessing
Charles A. Kupchan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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How is UNRUST Stain Preventer different than the other liquid products on the market?
A: UNRUST Stain Preventer is 100% chemical concentrate in the dry crystal form. You mix it with water to activate it. This gives you fresh chemical and saves you money by not having to pay for a watered down product.
Q: How much iron will UNRUST Stain Preventer work on?
A: We have one well where the iron content is 30 ppm. It does take a lot of UNRUST Stain Preventer, but no iron stains.
Q: How do I know, how much of UNRUST Stain Preventer to use?
A: Add 8 oz. of UNRUST Stain Preventer for every 1 gallon of the "Other Brands" liquid chemical.
I.E.: If you use 4 gallons of liquid chemical in chemical tank use 4 cups of UNRUST Stain Preventer.
Tip; Just add dry UNRUST Stain Preventer to your chemical tank and add the water, to the tank, to mix.
Q: Does the hardness of the water have anything to do with the removal of the iron?
A: No, hardness is not a problem for UNRUST Stain Preventer, however when there is a lot of hardness and iron, it may be necessary to up the chemical dosage to get to the iron. The reason for this is the hardness competes for the UNRUST Stain Preventer chemical and you need to add more to treat all of the hardness and then the iron.
Q: How is a good way to get the correct amount of UNRUST Stain Preventer in my water to prevent staining?
A: Here is how to get the proper dosage of UNRUST Irrigation Rust Stain Prevention in your chemical tank.
Tip: Place a white piece of PVC pipe with one part of it masked off with tape, Tape a section pipe to check for rust staining.in the irrigation zone, after the PVC pipe drys, pull back the tape, if you see the starting of a stain. Add 8 more ounces of UNRUST Irrigation Rust Stain Prevention to your chemical tank. Do this until you get the proper mixture.
Fill a glass, bottle, or jar with water coming from the sprinklers, set it aside overnight.
Then see if there has been a color develop.
If it has turned yellow or red, add more UNRUST Stain Preventer.
Q: Does UNRUST Stain Preventer go bad, if it is stored over the winter? I had some get hard because I did not seal the lid properly.
A: UNRUST Stain Preventer will not lose any strength or go bad. If moisture gets to it, it may set up as a hard lump. If this happens break it up and dissolve it in warm water. It will work fine.
Q: Can I add UNRUST Stain Preventer to my chemical tank, if it has some remaining liquid chemical in it?
A: Yes, it will work just fine.
Q: I would like to fertilize my lawn, can I add it to my chemical tank with the UNRUST Stain Preventer already in it?
A: Yes, you can add fertilizer to UNRUST Stain Preventer without any problem.
8 oz. of UNRUST Stain Preventer is the same as 1 gallon of the "Other Brands" liquid chemical.
I.E. if you normally use 4 gallons of liquid chemical in chemical tank use 4 cups of UNRUST Stain Preventer.
Add it to your chemical injection tank, and fill with water to mix.
If you are starting up a new system and you have no idea where to start. Start with 4 cups, of UNRUST Stain Preventer to 30 gallons of water.You can just add the dry crystal UNRUST Stain Preventer directly to your chemical tank and add water.
Here is an easy way to get the right amount of chemical needed for your system.
Place a piece of white PVC pipe, masked with tape, in a zone that is the worst for staining.
Run that zone with the PVC pipe in a wetting area.
Let the PVC pipe dry, pull back the tape and check for any signs of staining.
If staining is present, add one more cup of UNRUST Stain Preventer.
Repeat steps 1,2,and 3, adding UNRUST Stain Preventer, until no stains are present.
If the water has hardness greater than 5 grains per gallon of calcium carbonate, you will need to add 1 cup of UNRUST Stain Preventer, for every 5 grains of hardness. If you do not know what the hardness of your water is, you can get a inexpensive test kit at your local hardware store.
On average you will need 1 cup of UNRUST Stain Preventer for every 1 ppm of Iron and 1 more cup for every 5 grains of hardness.
The SAVINGS are simple; 8 oz. of UNRUST will equal one gallon of the liquid.
How much are you paying for that gallon of watered down chemical?
UNRUST Instructions for our Rust Remover.
For the removal of iron stains from irrigation of hardscapes.
Mix 8 oz. by volume to one gallon of water.
Apply to iron stain with a pump sprayer, mop, roller, or brush.
Let stand for a few seconds or as long, as needed.
After the stain has vanished, rinse the cleaned area with water to deactivate.
If the stain is stubborn repeat the process until the stain is completely removed.
works on many other things, including copper.
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UNRUST Rust Remover – Remove Rust From Anything.
Q: Will UNRUST Rust Remover harm my grass?
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Q: Do I need to rinse UNRUST Rust Remover after I have removed the stains from my concrete driveway?
A: We always recommend rinsing to wash away the iron deposits from the cleaned surface. The rinse also works to deactivate UNRUST Rust Remover for a cleaner surface.
No, it is safe to use around grass and plant material. We always recommend rinsing to wash away the iron deposits from the cleaned surface. The rinse also works to deactivate for a cleaner surface.
Q: We fertilized the lawn and it stained our driveway, will UNRUST Rust Remover remove this?
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text:
Q: Как сделать, чтобы не расширялся layout из-за широкого background? Как сделать, чтобы не расширялся layout из-за широкого background. Например, у меня есть layout с размером 1, я ставлю background, и размер у меня становится 2. Как сделать, чтобы layout не удлинялся?

A: Как вариант, задай maxHeight() элементу.

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text:
Pickem Terms and Conditions
Landmark Pickem!
Results by Week
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Landmark Live!
Downing calls it quits as mayor of Dearborn
by Ivan Foley
in Dearborn
Dearborn's mayor has resigned.
Frank (Junior) Downing told The Landmark he submitted a written resignation last Tuesday morning, a day after the board of aldermen's regular monthly meeting. Downing, age 83, declined to go into specifics surrounding his resignation.
RelatedNews
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"I just felt this was a good time," he said.
Downing had been reelected without opposition in April. In addition to his latest stint at the city's helm, Downing also served as Dearborn's mayor for much of the 1980s. He also formerly served as zoning officer for Platte County.
"I will still do what I can to help the city," Downing said.
Donald Swanstone, Jr., president of the board of aldermen, will now act as mayor. Other aldermen at Dearborn are Luke Thies, Larry Wilmes and Cory Hott.
Tags: platte county
Ivan Foley
Ivan Foley is owner/publisher of the Platte County Landmark, where he has been on the news beat for 39 years. He provides weekly observations and editorial commentary in his Between the Lines column and serves as host of Landmark Live, a light-hearted videocast featuring newsmakers in the Northland. He has penned multiple award-winning pieces during his time with The Landmark and in 2016 won the Tom and Pat Gish Award, a national honor given by the School of Journalism and Media at the University of Kentucky for displaying courage, tenacity and integrity in journalism. Foley resides in Platte County not far from Kansas City International Airport.
What's in a name? And trying to find the light at Parkville
I'm old enough to remember when Goodcents was Mr. Goodcents. Apparently he no longer identifies as male. I'm also old enough to remember when Dunkin' was Dunkin' Donuts. Can confirm they still have donuts. Mr. Goodcents became Goodcents in 2012....
Goodcents now open at Parkville
by Valerie Verkamp
Goodcents sandwich shop is welcoming customers to its newest location at 7500 NW River Park Drive, adjacent to the Please Stop convenience store at Parkville. Goodcents offers convenient access and deli fresh subs. Customers can order online and pick up...
US Bank in Platte County robbed
The US Bank located near Interstate 29 and 64th Street was robbed Monday afternoon, Jan. 10. The FBI said a man walked into the US Bank at 6405 N. Cosby Avenue, Kansas City in Platte County, on Monday at 4:45...
Aldermen ensnared by Johnston ethics complaint
by Debbie Coleman-Topi
Possible cover-up by aldermen Some members of the Parkville Board of Aldermen have confirmed that they ordered the release of public records requested by Jason Maki prior to his filing of a Sunshine Laws lawsuit in the Platte County Circuit...
Sexual assault reported in Platte City
Park Hill has 200 staff members out with illness
Copyright © 2019-2020 The Platte County Landmark Newspaper - All Rights Reserved
Landmark Pickem


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Trapping pigeons law
Is it Legal to Trap A Pigeon? - Wildlife Remova
State Laws About Trapping There are also some states and counties who will also have laws relating to the trapping or pigeons and pest animals, and this can mean you are restricted about your trapping activity, and what you do with the pigeon once caught. What Can You Do If It Is Illegal For You To Trap A Pigeon local laws or licenses that must be obtained before beginning any control project. Trapping Trapping can be an effective way to control a pigeon trap and a low profile trap. In most urban areas, the low profile trap is the best choice since most trapping will take place on the roof of a building or other raised platform. Traps can be.
Trapping: Pigeons may be live-trapped on buildings and other likely locations with permission of the property owner. A DEP permit is issued without fee for the purpose of removing birds which are damaging structures or have become a nuisance. Live-traps for pigeons are available commercially from major trap suppliers This page contains both a detailed guide to pigeon pest control and the law and a quick guide located further down the page. The control of feral pigeons and all other wild birds in the UK is legislated by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), courtesy of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Chapter 69) Live pigeon traps The most common design of the live pigeon trap is the one-door trap. As the name suggests, it has only one door through which the pigeons enter and it is built to accommodate many birds at once. When setting this trap, know that once one pigeon enters, the others will follow. The Tomahawk Extra live pigeon trap for instance. coverage of all trapping laws and regulations. Although this document contains excerpts from the Fish and Game Code, and/or the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, it is the licensee's responsibility to know and obey all laws and regulations in effect while he/she is participating in trapping activity In addition to the definitions provided under A.R.S. § 17-101, the following defini-tions apply to trappingBody-gripping trap means a device designed to capture an animal by gripping the animal's body. Confinement trap means a device designed to capture wildlife alive and hold it without harm
Landowners, and others authorized by statute, may be eligible for a 30-day trapping permit where certain body grip devices, cable device traps, foothold traps, etc. can be used in order to protect commercial livestock and/or commercial crop production. Specifications on traps are found under WCR 17122(D) Trapping Laws & Regulations Trapping license required; unlawful to remove or disturb trap, snare or similar device of licensee. (NRS 503.454) Every person who takes fur-bearing mammals by trap, snare or similar device or unprotected mammals by trapping or sells raw furs for profit shall procure a trapping license In this video i'll show you how to easily make a repeating pigeon trap! From the tools and materials to how to tune the trap, I'll show you step by step how. A valid hunting or trapping license if shooting or trapping the animal. Written approval from the landowner, which includes: Name, address, and phone number of landowner and per-son removing wild animals Property location and removal activitie
Refraining from feeding the birds and removing access to other food sources, such as garbage cans, also helps keep pigeon numbers down. Toggle Trapping and Removal Certain methods, such as scare tactics, are usually ineffective at removing pigeons as the birds are accustomed to human interaction
imum, cage traps must be inspected once every 24 hours. Although the law is quite clear on this point, not all contractors comply with this legislation and empty their traps every 24 hours
The end result of the use of Avitrol or other lethal pigeon control methods is an endless cycle of unnecessary killing. The HSUS also opposes the common practice of trapping and removing pigeons. Trapped birds are typically killed, and if not killed immediately, may be used in cruel pigeon shoots or live the remainder of their lives in.
Landowners and homeowners may not trap beavers, bobcats, migratory birds, big game, threatened species or endangered species. Landowners should contact the region office that serves the county where they are located before trapping nuisance wildlife. Also, once traps are set, they must be checked daily
Persons possessing a federal permit authorizing the trapping of birds listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq., may use, place, or possess bird traps or allow bird traps to be placed for the purposes specified in the permit
Trapping pigeons is legal under New York state law if the birds are considered a nuisance and if the trapper has the proper license. The pigeons also must be trapped in a humane manner, according..
Laws on trapping pidgeons CT DEP Law Enforcement
A summary of Wisconsin's trapping laws and how they affect you are contained in the pamphlets listed below. Beginning in 2020 river otter will be a bag limit/quota species. There will no longer be a drawing for the river otter. 2020 Trapping Regulations [PDF] February 2021 Wolf Hunting And Trapping Regulations [PDF
You can take an animal using any method except poison, artificial lights, or a motor vehicle. The most common methods for taking an animal are by firearm or bow and arrow. Before you take an animal, make sure you check the local laws. In many urban areas or areas regulated by local ordinance, you may be restricted to live trapping
Live capture traps, like cage traps or box traps, can be set and left alone until the target species triggers them. All traps must be checked every 36 hours. Kill trapping may require a furtakers' license or permit from the Game Commission
Subscribe to our channel here: http://bit.ly/2Dyy9DWWelcome to Standing Stone Kennels! In this video we talk about trapping wild pigeons and training homers...
Trapping activity by an individual in a nuisance wildlife situation must comply, where applicable, with the requirements under WAC 220-417-030 and adhere to RCW 77.36.030 & 77.15.190. Basic trap designs. Modern traps fall into two main categories: quick-kill type traps and live-holding traps
The licensed trapper may be a parent or legal guardian, or someone 18 years or older and designated in writing on the Mentored Youth Hunter and Trapper Permission Form (PDF). You may assist the licensed trapper in all aspects of trapping (except the discharging of a firearm) without possessing a trapping license
State law will not permit the City of Carrollton to forbid the killing of certain nongame birds, including the feral pigeons--Columba livia--about which you ask. Section 64.002(b) of the Parks and Wildlife Code specifically provides: European starlings, English sparrows, and feral rock doves (Columba livia) may be killed at any times and their.
Pigeon Pest Control and the Law - PCR
However, as birds and their eggs have protected status in British law, councils are taking matters into their own hands, using bye-laws to get around pigeon problems. One example, that is widely used, is fining people for leaving food waste in an area affected by pigeons, rather than being seen as food left for the birds to eat this is treated.
6. Using traps and poisons to control non-furbearing rodents. Arizona law defines the term wildlife as all wild mammals, wild birds and their nests and eggs, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans and fish, including their eggs and spawn. (ARS section 17-101.) These restrictions and conditions would not apply to activities on private.
All mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians that occur in the wild in Washington are protected or regulated by state and/or federal laws. These laws not only pertain to the killing of regulated species but may also prohibit live trapping and relocation, harassment, and possession of the animal dead or alive. Adapted from Living with Wildlife.
Trapping in Massachusetts. Find information about trapping regulations, classes, and resources. A trapping license is required for all persons age 12 years of age and older. In addition, to trap on the land of another, a Trap Registration Number is required. Find season dates, reporting information, regulations, prohibitions, and more
Trapping. Use trapping, described in Figures 3 through 6, if a local pigeon population becomes a nuisance. Loft traps are used where large numbers of pigeons must be removed. These traps are usually made onsite since their large size prevents easy relocation
g pigeons), monk parakeets and house sparrows can be taken without a.
(1) Subject to limitations and conditions established by the commission, the owner, the owner's immediate family member, the owner's documented employee, or a tenant of real property may trap, consistent with RCW 77.15.194, or kill wildlife that is threatening human safety or causing property damage on that property, without the licenses required under RCW 77.32.010 or authorization from the.
It is illegal to release any non-native species or any domesticated pigeon or dove. In Oregon only licensed wildlife rehabers may care for injured wildlife. Permits are required from ODFW to live-trap and release protected wildlife. Permits are issued with live-traps. All birds except feral pigeons or rock doves are protected by law Nuisance Wildlife. Overview. Nuisance Wildlife Resources. Beaver, coyote, muskrat, nutria, opossum, raccoon, squirrel, striped skunk and nongame wildlife other than migratory birds, bats, and endangered species that are causing damage to personal property may be taken during daylight hours or trapped the entire year
This is commitment, and you have to follow through. Just like at work, you have to be there at a certain time, Wagner said. The law says I have to check my traps every 36 hours The entirety of Oklahoma is fed by some 500 rivers and streams. It is the state with the most man-made reservoirs. In the wetlands, cypress trees conceal the American alligator, turtles, snakes, birds, and lizards. A common nuisance animal, the raccoon, is particularly fond of the swamp lands, sneaking in to steal eggs from birds and lizards alike The best location for traps is near the pigeons' major loafing areas. For trapping success during warm summer months, place traps at pigeon watering sites, such as near rooftop cooling condensers of buildings. Leave two decoy birds in each trap at all times to lure other pigeons. Ensure the decoy birds always have fresh food and water thereof, except as permitted by law. Hunters. shipping lawfully taken game shall first. obtain a notarized affidavit stating the game. was lawfully killed, and include the name. of the sender and the number of animals. enclosed. • Shoot hawks, owls, or other wild birds, except lawfully hunted game birds, house. sparrows or starlings Code of Virginia. Table of Contents » Title 29.1. Wildlife, Inland Fisheries and Boating » Chapter 5. Wildlife and Fish Laws » Article 2. Hunting and Trapping » § 29.1-521. Unlawful to hunt, trap, possess, sell, or transport wild birds and wild animals except as permitted; exception; penalt
Pigeon Trapping Tips - Wildlife Remova
The cage trap is then baited with pigeon corn for approximately 7 days, allowing pigeons' free access to enter the trap, feed and then exit the trap. This process is designed to make the birds feel safe whilst feeding within the trap so that after 7 days when the trap is set, the maximum number of birds will be caught
Fox Tags: Needed to sell or otherwise transfer ownership of a fox carcass or pelt. All fox carcasses or pelts shall be properly tagged within 30 days following the close of the applicable hunting or trapping season. Unused tags can be used in subsequent seasons. $2.25 per tag. Call (888) 248-6834 for information on purchasing fox tags
k, otter, raccoon, fox, opossum, muskrat, skunk, bobcat, and weasel
game animals, migratory game birds, nongame wildlife, predatory animals, furbearers, upland game birds, or wolves while hunting on private property. Even if the land is not posted, hunters and trappers must have permission from the land owner, lessee, or their agent before hunting or trapping on private property, regardless of whether th
Nongame Birds Protected by Alabama Regulations. 220-2-.92 Nongame Species Regulation. (1) It shall be unlawful to take, capture, kill, or attempt to take, capture or kill; possess, sell, trade for anything of monetary value, or offer to sell or trade for anything of monetary value, the following nongame wildlife species (or any parts or.
For more information on how to properly identify birds, visit WhatBird.com or Audubon.org. Permits to control mammals. Game species and furbearers, including deer, bear, beaver, fox and rabbit, are protected by state law and require a DNR permit for their removal It shall be lawful to kill wild animals legally captured in live traps using any humane method of dispatch not specifically prohibited by law. It is unlawful to willfully molest, damage, or remove any trap, or remove any lawfully caught bird or animal from a trap, or in any way disturb traps or snares legally set by another person Section 27. The freedom to hunt, fish, and trap wildlife, including all aquatic life, traditionally taken by hunters, trappers and anglers, is a valued natural heritage that shall be forever preserved for the people. Hunting, fishing and trapping shall be managed by law an A trap is a device used to catch and hold animals and includes box traps, body gripping or killer-type traps, foot or leghold traps, encapsulating traps and snares. No traps shall be set before 8 a.m. on the first day of the season or either set or left set after 12 noon on the last day of the season
Trapping Laws and Regulation
Birds. The following species of birds can be taken without a permit if the birds are committing or about to commit depredations upon ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock or wildlife, or are concentrated in numbers and in a manner that constitutes a health hazard or nuisance as provided under 50 CFR 16 (federal law) regulations or laws, nor is it a legal document. For more information, go to www.iowadnr.gov or contact the DNR Central Office in Des Moines at 515-725-8200. 2021-22 Iowa Hunting, Trapping & Migratory Game Bird Regulations www.iowadnr.gov 2021-22 Iowa Hunting, Trapping & Migratory Game Bird Regulations www.iowadnr.gov Donating $2 to the TI
Kill trapping and live capture. In most cases, the use of traps where permitted is most effective. Various traps are available, depending on the situation. Live capture traps, like cage traps or box traps, can be set and left alone until the target species triggers them. All traps must be checked every 36 hours The Wildlife Services (WS) program of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is authorized, in both Federal and State law, to take necessary action in assisting any landowner in management and control of rodents, non-game birds, feral pigeons and furbearers on their property
Trapping in NV - Nevada Department of Wildlif
On November 21st, 2017 Clark County lawmakers officially made it illegal to feed the pigeons. Under these new Las Vegas pigeon laws, if you are caught feeding the birds you can get stuck with a fine of up to $1,000 and/or as much as 6 months jail time! Going to sunset park to feed the birds is now a misdemeanor crime Trapping & Fur Harvesting 2020-21 Hunting, Trapping and Migratory Game Bird Regulations This is not a complete set of hunting, fishing and trapping laws but contains the information you are most likely to need to safely participate in these outdoor activities
How to Build a PIGEON TRAP! (for feral pigeons) - YouTub
2. Migratory game birds, which include all species of game birds listed in the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, as amended, 16 U.S.C. §§ 703 et seq., including the families Anatidae (wild ducks, geese, brants and swans), Columbidae (wild doves and pigeons), Gruidae (sandhill cranes), Rallidae (rails, coots and gallinules) and Scolopacidae (woodcocks and snipes)
g, killing and/or possession by state and federal law except that European starlings, English sparrows, and feral pigeons may be killed at any time and their nests and eggs may.
Trapping. In many instances trapping does not have a long term effect on the pigeon population. The number of birds caught and killed during trapping operations can be replaced as quickly as the birds are removed. If the food source remains in situ the culling may act to increase pigeon numbers in a given area above the pre-cull number
Garden State Wildlife control will install Pigeon barriers and Pigeon deterrents. to discourage and prevent pigeons from perching on a roof. Garden State Wildlife and Bird Removal will remove nuisance New Jersey birds from your attic space, building. interior and exterior, and apply control measures to prevent future access to structures
TRAPPING - Beaver, Coyote, Fox, Nutria, and Skunk. A trapping license is required for anyone 16 years of age or older who traps on any land other than their own. Persons trapping nuisance animals, other than wild hogs, must have a valid Mississippi trapping license, unless otherwise exempt Trap type is very important and there are many different types, bait is somewhat relevant, trap placement is vital, and there are dozens of small things that are very important to know. Safety is a concern. Then once the animal is trapped, it must be removed and dealt with in the proper manner according to Nevada law. We offer Reno raccoon removal Seasons dates. Nov. 1 - Mar. 31 during the current license year. The trapping season authorizes the lethal harvest of furbearing animals for their hides, pelts, or other resources. Furbearers may not be taken from the wild and held alive for sale or personal use without a special permit pursuant to WAC 220-450-030 Most birds are protected by federal laws under the Migratory Bird Act of 1918, as well as by Massachusetts state laws. It is illegal to destroy, relocate, or possess wild birds, their nests, or their eggs. The only exceptions are non-native species—House Sparrows, European Starlings, and Rock Pigeons. Trained and licensed wildlife.
The trap set up should not be within 150 feet of a permanent or temporary residence due to potential risks. That is unless the landowner or resident gave a written permission to do the trapping closer to the resident. For more detailed facts about California Animal Trapping Laws, click here on the Rodent Guys website. September 17, 2020/by nickn Bird trapping techniques to capture wild birds include a wide range of techniques that have their origins in the hunting of birds for food. While hunting for food does not require birds to be caught alive, some trapping techniques capture birds without harming them and are of use in ornithology research. Wild birds may also be trapped for their display in captivity in zoological gardens or for. Sec. 5-14. - Trapping of dogs and cats. (a) Trapping of dogs and cats shall be conducted in a humane manner and shall comply with the following minimum standards: (1) Traps shall be in good condition in that they will not cause any bodily injury to the trapped animal and a trapped animal shall have access to adequate food, water, and shelter Ohio Trapping Seasons 2021-22. Ohio Waterfowl Hunting Seasons 2021-22. Ohio Wild Turkey Hunting Seasons 2021-22. Allowable Hunting Equipment. Ohio and federal hunting laws are presented in a summarized form. Ohio laws in their entirety can be found by consulting the Ohio Revised Code (ORC) or the Ohio Administrative Code (OAC). These laws are.
Pigeon Control: Trapping & Removal Servic
The Frequently Asked Questions outlined below were adapted from information provided to the DNR from the Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies (AFWA). Learn more about AFWA. AFWA trapping information. Trapping is a method of capturing and harvesting animals. The DNR has established specific.
ated jaw traps, offset wide jaw traps, offset la
Trapping Licenses. You must have a current trapping license to set or run traps of any type to catch furbearers during the open trapping season OR to sell pelts or carcasses of furbearers*. This includes bobcat, raccoon, and/or opossum hunters selling pelts and/or meat. You must have your license in your possession while trapping or selling.
Pest control on your property. There are things you can do to control pests (insects or animals causing harm or nuisance) on your property. You can: contact your local council to find out if they.
Montana Title 87. Fish and Wildlife § 87-5-201. Protection of wild birds and their nests and eggs. (1) It is unlawful for a person to hunt, capture, kill, possess, purchase, offer or expose for sale, ship, or transport any wild bird, other than a game bird, or any part of the plumage, skin, or body of the bird, irrespective of whether the bird.
§116.1. Wild birds and wild quadrupeds; times and methods of taking; penalties A. Resident game birds, outlaw birds, game quadrupeds, and outlaw quadrupeds may be taken only in accordance with all of the following: (1) In the open season. (2) With or without the aid of dogs, except on wildlife management areas and refuges owned or leased by the department and in those areas of the state. It is illegal to use traps in other situations such as in the open on the ground or on a pole, where they are indiscriminate. The original circular pole-trap was designed specifically to catch birds of prey. More frequently used now is a steel spring-trap set on top of a post or sawn-off tree trunk. Pole-traps have been illegal since 1904 Migratory birds include all migratory game birds and most birds found in the United States with the exception of the house sparrow, feral pigeon (commonly called rock dove), European starling, Eurasian collared dove, mute swan, and upland game birds, which are protected by state laws
Trapping Pigeons. When bird pressure is heavy in an area, exclusion work may need to be accompanied by flock dispersal methods like trapping. Feral pigeons are not indigenous to North America, so they are one of the few pest birds that are not protected under state or federal laws The Migratory Bird Treaty Act is the primary legislation protecting native birds in the United States and one of this country's earliest environmental laws. It prohibits the taking any native birds; taking can mean killing a wild bird or possessing parts of a wild bird, including feathers, nests, or eggs
2 arrested after 350 pigeons found trapped in downtown Houston. According to the Harris County Precinct One Constable's Office, the birds were reportedly intended to be sold and used for some type. you purchase a resident hunting and trapping license on October 1, 2020, the hunting license part of it is only valid through December 31, 2020, but the trapping part is valid through September 30, 2021. Nonresident trapping licenses are valid from the date of issue through December 31 of the year in which they were purchased Other municipal and state laws, such as those relating to the discharge of firearms apply. Most other common wildlife species are controlled through hunting and trapping seasons, established by state and/or federal regulations. Releasable Wildlife young birds may be fostered into suitable nests and/or families withi Pigeons breed very rapidly. Unless the numbers are small to begin with, shooting or trapping may only represent a short-term solution. Remaining birds will typically back-fill the missing numbers in the flock through rapid reproduction Additional illegal traps and capture methods are also used; including the munsaab (a trap composed of grass or sticks to catch ground-dwelling birds such as quail, corncrakes, larks and wheatears), and eb nets (trees and scrub are covered in large mist nets to catch small perching species), the use of lime as glue, targeted falcon catching and.
Kill Pigeons, Pigeon Traps, Killing Pigeons - PCR
Pigeon regulations need to be reviewed every year. The statewide wildlife catching and trapping regulations are amended each year to accommodate changes deemed necessary by the Oregon Agency of Natural Resources/Commission (Portland Agency of Fish & Game/national regulatory coalition) (a) No person shall make use of any pitfall, deadfall, scaffold, cage, snare, trap, net, pen, baited hook, lure, urine or baited field or any other similar device for the purpose of injuring, capturing or killing birds or animals protected by the laws of this State, except red foxes, muskrats, raccoon, opossum, minks, otters, beavers and rabbits may be trapped and snapping turtles may be. General Regulations. A trapping license is required of anyone 16 years of age or older who traps furbearers (bobcat, mink, muskrat, opossum, otter, raccoon, and weasel), or nuisance animals (beaver, coyote, fox, nutria, and skunks) in the State of Mississippi. Except landowners trapping on land deeded in their name are not required to be licensed In Rhode Island, state law (RIGL 20-16-2) allows a property owner to kill, by legal means, any furbearer (as defined in RIGL 2016--1) that is killing or attempting to kill any livestock or domestic animals, destroying crops, creating a health hazard, or causing economic damage to their property. However, the law does not allo Fisher. Trapping Season Dates: Zone 1 (excluding Drummond Island) Dec. 3-12, 2021. Bag Limits: Fisher/marten have a combined bag limit of 2 per resident fur harvester, of which only 1 may be a fisher. (The fisher/marten kill tag can be used for 1 fisher OR 1 marten. The marten only kill tag can be used for 1 marten.
Video: What to do about pigeons The Humane Society of the
Regulated trapping plays an important role in the ecology and conservation of Minnesota's furbearers - mammals that are hunted and trapped primarily for fur.Read more.... Reminder: Trappers must present the heads and pelts of fisher and pine marten as well as the entire carcass of each bobcat when registering furbearers this year. Helpful Links: Hunting and Trapping regulation 4. Any killing trap having a jaw spread of seven and one half inches (7.5) or more in any land set except when authorized by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 5. Any toothed trap or trap with a protuberance of the facing edge of the jaws that is intended to hold the animal, except pads on padded jaw traps. 6 Control of Pigeons through population reduction techniques is generally both less desirable and less effective than removing their food sources or blocking off sites where they perch or roost. The latter technique, known as proofing, is now used extensively. For proofing, professional pest controllers will use methods such as barriers, spikes. 2021-22 FURBEARER HUNTING SEASONS. COYOTES: No closed season.Unlimited. Outside of any big game season (deer, bear, elk and turkey), coyotes may be taken with a hunting license or a furtaker license, and without wearing orange
Nuisance Wildlife - Pennsylvania Game Commissio
(f) Trapping conditions. You must comply with the following conditions if you attempt to trap any species under this order. (1) You may possess, transport, and use a lure bird or birds of the species listed in paragraph (a) that you wish to trap. (2) You must check each trap at least once every day it is deployed Larsen traps. Larsen trap, a type of cage trap, is designed to catch birds alive and unharmed. It can be baited with food, or with a live decoy magpie, provided all welfare regulations are met. In Scotland, a cage trap must have an identifying tag obtainable from the police Wildlife Crime Officer. If you suspect that a trap has been set. Unlawful traps — Penalty. (1) It is unlawful to use or authorize the use of any steel-jawed leghold trap, neck snare, or other body-gripping trap to capture any mammal for recreation or commerce in fur. (2) It is unlawful to knowingly buy, sell, barter, or otherwise exchange, or offer to buy, sell, barter, or otherwise exchange the raw fur of.
Regulations for Bird Traps FW
Trapping License, Resident. $131.33. Issued to a person who traps fur-bearing or nongame mammals for pest control purposes. Trapping License, Nonresident. $647.25. Issued to a nonresident who traps fur-bearing or nongame mammals for pest control purposes. May only be issued if the state in which the applicant resides provides for issuance of a. The controversial practice of trapping birds on glue-covered twigs cannot be allowed even as a tradition, the European Court of Justice has ruled. French hunters were told to suspend glue-trapping.
NYC Pigeons Trapped, Kidnapped and Shot for Sport, Group
Rule 1501:31-15-01 | Game hours and bag limits. (A) Throughout the state, it shall be unlawful for any person to hunt, take or possess game birds, game quadrupeds, or furbearing animals except according to this rule and other provisions of the Administrative Code or the Revised Code. (B) It shall be unlawful for any person to hunt or take a. Authorities in France have cancelled laws that allowed glue trap hunting for birds and declared the practice illegal. Chasse à la glu is a traditional French hunting method of catching birds by putting glue on branches. Birds that land on the branch and get stuck are then put in a cage so that their song attracts other birds for hunters The Trap Man feral pigeon trap is a multi catch repeating catch cage trap with one way opening, drop bar entrance giving you a superior trap and very effective trap,. The feral pigeon trap door is opened by the pigeon pushing their way into the trap which are then trapped in the cage (1) Any wild animal, excepting migratory birds, which poses a threat or hazard to aircraft operations for airports meeting FAA standards (FAA CertAlert 16-03) or that are 14 C.F.R. Part 139 certified, and are within the fenced area or any wild animal, excepting migratory birds, which poses an immediate threat or hazard to aircraft operations or.
Trapping Regulations Wisconsin DN
Songbirds are being snatched from Miami's forests. Law enforcement has discovered a thriving underground business of trapping songbirds around Miami—to become pets and to sing in competitions Hunting and Trapping History. Band-tailed pigeon hunting has an erratic history in Arizona. After the season was closed in 1951 for a perceived lack of birds, interest in band-tailed pigeons waned until the 1960s, when a series of studies were initiated in the four-corner states of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah Pigeon racing is the sport of releasing specially trained homing pigeons, which then return to their homes over a carefully measured distance.The time it takes the animal to cover the specified distance is measured and the bird's rate of travel is calculated and compared with all of the other pigeons in the race to determine which animal returned at the highest speed The Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater, is a member of the blackbird family. The adult male is easily identified by his brown head and metallic green-black body. Female cowbirds are a pale brown with a gray-brown head. Both males and females have a length of about 7½ inches. Cowbirds are called brood parasites because they lay their eggs in.
Wildlife Control Minnesota DN
A tag must be attached to each gifted coyote with the name and hunting or trapping license of the person who harvested the coyote, the harvest method (hunt or trap), harvest date, and harvest town. This information must be presented accurately to the tagging agent when the animal is registered While federal laws protect migratory birds and endangered species, they do nothing for our squirrels, raccoons, sparrows, black crows, pigeons or starlings. As a result, cruel and inhumane extermination practices—including illegal trapping, netting, shooting (with dart guns!) and over-the-counter poisons—are rampant 3. Place the trap on the ground near a crow's nesting spot. It's best to put the trap near a spot where you've seen crows before, like near a cluster of trees or a specific perch. Crows will come up to the trap from the ground, so place it on a level area near the crow nests or activity A large proportion of trapped birds for these purposes do not survive the smuggling chain or die in captivity. Inconsistent legislation along the flyway. Shooting is the most widespread practice for hunting in the Mediterranean region, allowed by law in most countries, with a few exceptions where complete hunting bans are in place The Clash's Paul Simonon and Topper Headon were prosecuted for shooting pigeons with an air rifle in 1978, but the pair were done for criminal damage as the dead birds were privately owned racing pigeons. So feral pigeons can legally be shot. But here's the rub - the dip in numbers is only temporary. PIGEON FACTS
June 28, 2021. PARIS (AP) — France's top administrative court on Monday definitively banned the use of glue trapping to hunt birds, a technique that was denounced by animal protection groups as barbaric and endangering some species. The Council of State ruled that glue trap hunting of thrushes and blackbirds cannot be authorized. The FWC said its new rule will provide an additional tool for law enforcement officers to help stop the poaching of these birds, while still allowing for lawful uses of bird traps General. Hunt out-of-season, without a license, take more than the daily limit, or possess unlawfully killed game. Hunt within 100 yards of an occupied structure (unless hunter is the owner or occupant, or has permission from the owner or occupant) or drop shot on buildings or people. When hunting deer with archery equipment, a hunter must be. France's highest administrative appeals court ruled on Monday that the hunting practice of trapping songbirds with glue was illegal, saying French law that had permitted it was in breach of. Despite trapping being non-conformant to the EU Birds Directive, as it is considered an unsustainable method of killing wild birds, Malta still allows a trapping season each and every autumn, by means of a derogation. Under the autumn 2020 trapping season, trapping was permitted from the 20th of October 2020 until the 10th of January 2021, on.
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    protected $table = 'order';
}

Then I have created a migration, called 2016_01_01_111111_create_orders_table.php:
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateOrdersTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('order', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->string('orderIdent');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        //
    }
}

Then I did the migration with
php artisan migrate

Then, I wanted to add some fields, created a new migration file called 2016_01_02_111111_alter_orders.php:
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class AlterOrders extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        //
        Schema::table('order', function(Blueprint $table)
        {
            $table->string('selecteddate');
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        //
    }
}

Then again I did
php artisan migrate

But now I get this message in console:
[Illuminate\Database\QueryException]
SQLSTATE[42S01]: Base table or view already exists: 1050 Table 'order' already exists

What do I need to do, to add the new fields to my table?
Thanks in advance!

A: Adding this as an answer vs a comment to show what needs to be done. Since rollback was done, up needs to be commented out for now.
public function up()
{ /*
    Schema::create('order', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->string('orderIdent');
        $table->timestamps();
    }); */
}

/**
 * Reverse the migrations.
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function down()
{
    Schema::drop('order');
}

A: Try this
public function up()
    {
        //
        Schema::table('order', function($table)
        {
            $table->string('selecteddate');
        });
    }
remove Blueprint.

A: Try this :
php artisan migrate:refresh


text:
Michael "Chase" Corley Chasing Muay Thai
By Mike LNg
Michael Corley
Michael "Chase" Corley is a man of sparing words but has been one of the busiest people in Muay Thai from the USA and internationally. Michael and I have been in touch for literally years and I had always been chasing him for an interview opportunity. From those early days of contact Michael has fought repeatedly in Thailand including Lumpinee Stadium, on television under the Muay Thai Challenger tournament show, and against fellow American Nak Muay Ky Hollenbeck
under the Glory World Series banner. Now settling into his role as coach and teacher Michael is focused on developing the next generation of Muay Thai in Houston, Texas. Michael's relative business in Muay Thai has been with relatively little fanfare for glory seeking among the media(such as it is) and accolades. Michael has generously granted me some of his time to answer my questions and add insight into one of the busiest men in the American Muay Thai world.
Starting with the obvious question: how does a person from Spring, Texas hear about and begin in Muay Thai?
I got started doing amateur Boxing in my junior year in high school. I was hooked the first day. After that first workout I told my basketball and baseball coaches I was going into boxing and that was that. I used to drive 45 minutes across town everyday after school.
I met Yves Edwards at a golden gloves tournament and invited me out to his gym which was only 10 minutes from my house. He introduced me to MMA and I took a liking to Muay Thai. Knowing that, he recommended I see Saekson Janjira. So I would drive up to Dallas and train and participate in smoker events.
Having trained both in the USA and under one of the most acclaimed Muay Thai camps in the world, Fairtex what to you is the biggest difference in the styles of training?
It's the national sport there. You got trainers that eat, sleep, Muay Thai'd it their whole life since they were able to walk. You got the local Thai fighters that have hundreds of fights. If your around that everyday you are going to get better and get better fast. I got tossed around in the clinch by 14 yr olds when I first got there.
You've been a part of some of very big and high profile Muay Thai events internationally. What was the most exciting international event you were a part of and why?
When I was in Thailand probably it was the Toyota Cup. It's a big money tournament and is broadcast all over Thailand. It was exciting because they get all 8 fighters in the ring and draw out of a hat for who you fight. That will get your nerves going. It could be Aikpracha Meenayotin or some guy from Australia you've never seen before. All the fights are done in one day too and hat's pretty exciting to me. I wish there would be more one day tournaments like that.
When you were a part of Muay Thai Challenger how did you feel about being scrutinized basically 24 hours a day?
I fought Colossa the first episode so I wasn't there long enough to answer that haha! It was pretty funny seeing other fighters getting mad at the producers and staff. Me and a couple other guys were real chill and just sat back a lot and laughed. I would always have to redo interviews because I'm not really controversial, and they would want me to comment on fighters etc…
What was the most rewarding part of being a cast member and fighter on Muay Thai Challenger?
It opened a lot of doors for big fights. I also got to see and train alongside some of the best in the world. All of the guys on the show were good people and I still talk with a lot of them today.
Another thing that was rewarding was something personal and that was going back to the finale and fighting Colossa again. It never aired, but I came back and gave him a much better fight than the first one I did in the first episode. Most from the show didn't want to fight him at the finale. I flew myself out there just to show that I am better than what I showed in the first episode. I lost but it was rewarding personally.
After fighting many full rules Muay Thai fights was it difficult adjusting to modified rules in Glory World Series?
Not really. I got caught. Wish it wasn't so early, I think it could have been an exciting fight.That was just the worst fight of my life. I think I landed a jab and a low kick haha. I tried some new diet for my cut and I was weak. You've seen the video I'm pale and sick looking haha.
I take nothing away from Ky Hollenbeck. He's my friend and I got nothing but respect for him. He's a multiple time world champion and a hard hitter. He hit me hard right on the temple and it was goodnight Irene. I hope he does well in the next round!
Do you prefer the tournament format or a single fight?
I like the tournament. Ive done 6 tournaments over my career in Muay Thai, that's part of the reason I got up to 28 fights in 3 years. Two one day tournaments and 4 over multiple dates. I just have a mindset at one day tournaments where I am NOT losing my first fight in this thing! I won a World Muaythai Council (WMC) Super 8 first fight by KO and got a KO win in my first fight of the Toyota Cup, too. The second round matches…not so good.
What so far has been your most rewarding fight experience?
It would actually be from a loss. When I fought at Lumpinee. The Thai I fought had a lot more experience and opened up two nasty cuts on my head and he tee'd off on my lead leg. It was the most grueling and hard fight I ever had. It went all 5 rounds. I was hurting so bad after the fight, but had the biggest smile at the same time.
Michael Corley scores on Vuyisile Colossa
You've been a part of many organizational aspects of Muay Thai including running a branch camp for Fairtex in Thailand. What do you think is the most important thing for traveling Muay Thai students to know about training in Thailand?
Just cause you fought a fisherman or a tuk tuk driver you are not the "man", a "Kru", "Ajarn" or an expert in Muay Thai haha.
In all seriousness, just respect the culture. I've been blessed to have traveled across the world and you have to respect the ways of the land you're visiting. Every place is different, so do a little research on customs, culture etc…
How much of a culture shock did you experience training in Thailand?
Not much. The only culture shock is the falang price on things! Thailand, as a lot of South East Asian countries have a 2 price system. Locals price and tourist price. Even though I was living there and had Thai ID I still got the tourist price! It gets to be expensive when your living there and not on vacation.
You've also been involved in the International Federation for Muay Thai Amateur's efforts in the United States. How do you feel about the United States' involvement and development within IFMA?
We have the fighters. We just don't field our team with its full potential. Muay Thai is growing everywhere. There is no reason why our USA team shouldn't fill every weight class male and female for the IFMA tournament. We don't have government backing like a lot of the top countries at the tournament, so the USA fighters have to come up with a means to fund their trip. That also keeps are numbers low, too.
What things would you like to see changed or improved upon in that program?
Within 3 years we should have qualifying tournaments for spots on the team. Until then, have a board of respected coaches, promoters, and media help select the team until we are able to hold qualifiers. We need to give ample time to coaches and athletes to prepare themselves physically and financially for the tournament. Lastly, we need people at the top live Muay Thai. Someone who truly loves this art and wants to grow.
How do you feel about International Federation of Muay Thai Amateur (IFMA )including so many professional high level athletes?
It's the best tournament in the world period. There are so many high level athletes that you've heard of and never heard of. Including Artem Levin, Miriam Nakamoto, Kem Sitsongpeenong, etc…Countries like Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, and of course Thailand. These countries bring their country's best.
Now that you are focusing less on fighting in Muay Thai and more on educating and training in Muay Thai you have relocated to Houston, Texas to teach. Is it true there is very little Muay Thai there?
It's the 4th largest city in the USA and there is only one gym that teaches just Muay Thai. Most of the gyms here are MMA. There are some credible instructors here but they teach at MMA schools.We do have a lot of quality boxing gyms here though.
What sort of challenges do you have teaching Muay Thai in a place where Muay Thai is less known?
It's challenging just driving the point that Muay Thai is it's own thing. Also, trying to tell the 80% that come into the MMA gym that I have no intention of doing MMA. I fight Muay Thai, and Muay Thai is it's own sport and art. People think its just a piece to MMA.
You also successfully promoted a fight card featuring Muay Thai. What things did you do to ensure your event's success?
I had a seminar with Kru Bob Perez, Cyrus Washington, and myself for like 10 bucks! We just wanted to raise awareness of Muay Thai in general and promote the event. Every year I bring in top guys to keep Muay Thai fresh in peoples minds here in Houston. Cyrus has been in a couple times, Kevin Ross, and I hope to bring out more.
I also did the matchmaking for the event and really took my time with it alongside Collin Cantrell. I knew that this card was a BIG deal. If it flopped or the fights were bad Muay Thai competition in Houston would be extinct. I got some good guys and gals for the card and they all performed well!
Another problem was that the state used to make the amateur fighters wear shin pads and elbow pads. Legacy Fighting Championship puts on top level events at nice venues. I knew that if we put a bunch of padded fighters in the Houston Arena Theatre the crowd would lose it. So before we got together we made sure no shin pads! We ended up doing full rules for the amateurs. Elbows, Knees, and no pads.
How important is it for success in those events to grow Muay Thai?
Huge! Thank you to Mick Maynard, the founder of Legacy for taking a chance. If this show flopped Muay Thai would be done here in Houston. It was a great show and the fans loved it.We are hoping to do another one early 2013.
Michael "Chase" Corley
What sort of difficulties do you face developing Muay Thai in the USA because Muay Thai is largely a bi-coastal phenomenon in the USA?
Here in Houston finding fighters that do just Muay Thai. A lot of the fighters also do MMA so that can mess with scheduling of events. There just needs to be an outlet for people that want to do just Muay Thai, and that's what I'm trying to build here in Houston.
Overall in the USA, fighters just need to realize that this is a passion sport. 98% of the fighters in USA Muay Thai have some other sort of income whether it be teaching or something totally unrelated. The pay isn't good and the pain is great.
Now that you are winding down fighting in Muay Thai what led you to the decision to move away from fighting in Muay Thai?
Ever since I moved back to Houston I haven't won in Muay Thai. Granted my last few fights have been against world champs. Vuyisle Colossa 2 times, Marco Pique, and Ky Hollenbeck. I just know that I was a much better Muay Thai fighter when I was living it in Thailand. Since I've been back I have to hunt down training partners, drive a long way to get a proper pad holder etc…where as in Thailand it was in my backyard. As long as I am in Houston it will tough for me to hang with the top dogs.
Even though you are now less active in Muay Thai you are not done with combat sports altogether and will now be fighting professionally in boxing. What led you to that decision?
I haven't fought in the USA since 2008. I have been fighting in other peoples' places for 4 years. I've been booed in 8 countries. I want to have the crowd on my side for once. I started with boxing here in Houston and that's the way I want to leave it. I don't have world class Muay Thai training camp or a gym full of Muay Thai training partners, but I do in Boxing so I am going to take advantage.
I got a great trainer and facility here at Lou Savarese's Gym in Houston, and I'm going to give it my all.
Will you ever fight in Muay Thai again?
I am sure I will…I'm only 27 (turn 28 in Dec.) If I get the opportunity for a solid camp I'm sure Ill give it a go again. It's just hard being back in Houston. I say that…but if a promoter threw a big name at me I'd probably jump on it.
What sort of legacy would you like to build in Muay Thai and in the United States?
Everybody can't be a champion in this game or everybody would do it. I just want to be known as a guy that didn't back down from a fight. Short notice and always in someone's backyard was my M.O.
My new thing is to try and grow Muay Thai in the USA. I want to give back by helping with the USA IFMA Teams, continue helping Legacy FC put Muay Thai shows in Houston, seminars, etc…whatever I can to help.
Much thanks goes to Michael "Chase" Corley for granting this interview! Check out Chase's highlight reel below!
~ by fatsoking on October 11, 2012.
Posted in Interviews, Video
Tags: IFMA, Michael "Chase" Corley, Muay Thai, USA, Vuyisile Colossa
5 Responses to "Michael "Chase" Corley Chasing Muay Thai"
Mike glad you're Back
Chris tran Weapons 9 Promotions Modern Martial Arts- Weapons 9 609-678-6728
Chris Weapons9 Tran said this on	October 12, 2012 at 6:56 am | Reply
Thanks sir!
fatsoking said this on	October 12, 2012 at 7:15 am | Reply
Great interview with Coach Mike! I can't wait to see what else he does for MT here in Houston!
Angela Morado said this on	October 12, 2012 at 7:10 am | Reply
will real authentic high style muay thai ever be learned in the USA ?
we are over run with impostores possing as full on guro`s .
united fakes inc. welcome to our organization !
watch out for them mma pajama boys , them wrestlers dont even know how
to clinch and make throws from collars .
thai fighters dont make boxing style punches either.
we must use a different name , say thai hits to distinguish them from the others .
muay fight arrived said this on	February 3, 2013 at 4:17 pm | Reply
This is a great writeup. Thanks for everything you're doing to help grow Muay Thai in America. I find it crazy that you were able to get full Thai rules for amateurs, and without any pads!
slapboxingstrays said this on	February 11, 2014 at 8:39 pm | Reply


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These sister treks are often spoken about in the same breath. Both are high cross over treks. Both have similar difficulty levels. Both have the extraordinary mountain scenery of Spiti Valley.
Both treks are run by Indiahikes.
I'll lay out the attractions of both treks, then at the end I'll help you choose.
As we have it, Pin Parvati Pass is the more glamorous cousin. The glamour lies in its legacy. It is one of the oldest extreme altitude treks in India. Seasoned trekkers have done this menacing trek and often been awestruck in the end.
Pin Bhaba Pass on the other hand is a trek people have vaguely heard of, if at all. Yet, head to head, the Pin Bhaba would be the docile, prettier sister of the two.
Sometimes, trekkers do treks simply for the altitude. For them, getting to a very high altitude is a worthy prize. On this point, Pin Parvati scores. It rises to 17,450 ft at the pass. Pin Bhaba, on the other hand, is at a modest 16,100 ft at the pass. I say "modest", but to give you a comparison, at the Pin Bhaba pass you are higher than most Indiahikes treks. So don't scoff at it.
When you compare the two, Pin Parvati is a longer trek. It takes 9-10 days to complete this trek. Most trekking days are long too – easily 7-8 hours on an average day. Some days are longer.
Pin Bhaba is a more relaxed trek. The trek lasts 6-7 days, with trekking time topping at around 6 hours per day. Like most treks, the pass day is long on the Pin Bhaba trek. It takes about 10 hours.
From a trekker's angle, the effort required on the Pin Parvati trek is much higher. The Pin Bhaba trek is difficult too, but not as difficult as Pin Parvati.
Pin Parvati has rugged terrain, there's no two ways about it. There are precarious overhangs over the Pin river on Day 2, which are not for the faint-hearted. Descending from the pass in never-ending scree is rough on the legs. The trail is often slippery too. Later, around Tunda Bhuj, there is a palm-sweating river-crossing over boulders. Such a river-crossing is never easy when there is a thundering river flowing below.
In comparison, Pin Bhaba has no such life-threatening risks. The trickiest section would be when you are getting off from the pass. The slope is steep. Snow slides are eminent. Later, descent is on a rough stony trail that is hard on your knees. But it presents no danger.
Well, both treks have spectacular mountain scenery. They have Spiti in common. Pin Parvati starts from Mudh in Spiti, whereas Pin Bhaba ends in Mudh. It is one of the most remote corners of Spiti. So you get to see a desert landscape that is even better than Ladakh. However, even though both trails run alongside the same Pin river, the Pin Bhaba side appears more attractive. It fans out wider on the Pin Bhaba side, making it more aesthetically pleasing.
Head to head, Pin Bhaba has a lovelier forest trail than the Pin Parvati. That's because the Bhaba River cuts through the forest in unimaginable beautiful curves. Added to that, the forest, with its delicious pine and maple cover is fairytale-like.
Higher up, popping into expansive grasslands, Pin Bhaba overshadows Pin Parvati. The meadows and grasslands are very Kashmir-like. The grasslands sweep with clusters of forests in between. The high altitude grassland camp at Khara is a feast for the eyes. The final camp at Phutsirang beside a river delta is dreamy. With a rest day here and an endless opportunity to explore the inner hills, it makes it even more special.
Pin Parvati, on the other hand, has terrific wide valley views, especially between Mantalai and Odi Thatch. Both camps at Mantalai and Odi Thatch are settings trekkers swear by. With flower beds around with the Parvati gently floating by things don't get better than this. Even the snow field after getting off the pass is so vast that it boggles the mind. Later when the valley narrows shrubbery increases. From Tunda bhuj the trail gets into a lovely forest until Kheerganga. The forest continues until Barshaini, which is rather nice.
Both treks are best done from July until September, perhaps going up to mid-October. In July, you are likely to see a good amount of snow on both treks. Pin Parvati has more snow on the pass than Pin Bhaba. No surprises there about why snowfields are such a big attraction at Pin Parvati.
September is when you get the least snow cover, which is perhaps the best month to do these treks.
Expect the first bout of winter snow in the first week of October. This can make climbing on both treks somewhat tricky. Which is why after mid-October it is not wise to do these treks.
Both, Pin Bhaba and Pin Parvati, are terrific crossover treks. Trekking in the colourful deserts of Spiti is a dream most trekkers cherish. On both these treks, along with Spiti, you see a luscious green side of Himachal. I don't think trekkers can ask for anything more.
Both treks are challenging. They require good preparation before attempting them. They have well-deserved rewards too.
But if I have to choose from the two, I'd go for Pin Bhaba. What would move me towards Pin Bhaba is the mountain scenery. I have not seen such graceful grasslands, such lovely forests, and terrain with a different landscape every day in quite a while. And that's only on the Bhaba side. On the Spiti side, well, less said the better. The colours of Spiti are astounding. The challenge of climbing a 16 thousand feet pass is there to take too.
All in all, it is a trek for those who want to move beyond the Rupin Pass and the Roopkund's. Pin Bhaba gives the thrill plus the jaw-dropping scenery that leave you thunderstruck for a long long time.
I will try Pin Bhaba trek first and later Pin Parvati.
in the Himalayas in d month of September.


What all of this says to me is that all of these aggregate vote ratings are a lesser standard of judging a candidate's record than individual examples of merit. It's not just Ford who doesn't get that, it's lots of politicians, but Ford is trying to pull a fast one over on progressives and New York Democrats by throwing a bunch of numbers- many distorted- at us. No one should be fooled.
When it comes to assessing candidates like Harold Ford, or for that matter, Kirsten Gillibrand, aggregated vote scores are meaningless. Candidates who rely on them to sell themselves to voters should be questioned on what, specifically, they have done to merit such a score.


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Horses carrying 11st and below are always the weights I'd be looking at and he is bang on 11st.
Lots of horses have chances and the obvious place to start is Tiger Roll. He just hung on for victory last year and, on that run, you wouldn't have thought he could be the winner 12 months later.
But the re-application of blinkers seems to have brought a huge improvement in him. His runs at Navan and the Cheltenham Festival this season were better than his performances last season.
But I am not riding Tiger Roll. I am looking for a way to beat him! He has 6lb more on his back this year — 11st 5lb compared to 10st 13lb — and is a small horse. When you go further than three miles, every pound over 11st tends to feel like a bit more. We'll all be hoping that weight can slow Tiger Roll down a bit.
There is a strong possibility there will be an Irish-trained winner on Saturday afternoon but there are British horses with good chances — Vintage Clouds and Rock The Kasbah jump out at me.
People say the National fences are less difficult these days, but the race is still a huge challenge.
The fences are a different colour to the normal ones and a different shape. You still need a brave horse willing to take them on.
A careful horse spends too long in the air and you lose too much ground.
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