text:
Ardmore Boys & Girls Club working to find a new location
Posted 10:02 am, June 21, 2019, by KFOR-TV and K. Querry, Updated at 10:05AM, June 21, 2019
ARDMORE, Okla. – Although summer has just started, an Oklahoma Boys & Girls Club says it is still struggling to find a location.
According to KTEN, the Boys & Girls Club in Ardmore started the year using space at Jefferson Elementary School. When construction started on the school, the club was forced to find another spot.
The club was planning to move into the First Christian Church, but then learned that the church was not safe to host children.
"No emergency lighting, no fire alarm system, no fire suppression system," said Assistant City Manager Kevin Boatright. "I believe there was a gas water heater in a closet that had inappropriate ventilation."
Right now, the club has set up a temporary location in Ardmore's YMCA.
"Which has been just a blessing," said Larry Paschal, operations director for the Boys & Girls Club. "They got a beautiful building, the staff here has been great to us, so we're going to be here for a little bit."
However, the club can only stay at the YMCA for three weeks. After that, they will have to find another location.
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Boys & Girls Club collecting donations for needy pets this holiday season
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"I just want to feel like a part of a family and have someone to cheer me on…" Future nurse hopes to find support through a place to call home
Walmart gives $10,000 to help Boys & Girls Clubs get holiday gifts for young Oklahomans
OKC Midtown Rotary donates instruments to OKCPS elementary
Congress looks to halt plan cutting 40+ minor league teams from MLB
An African American security guard asked a student to not call him the n-word. That request got him fired
The Salvation Army Boys & Girls Club Receives $10,000 Grant from Oklahoma City Community Foundation
Paycom donates $85k to Salvation Army of Central OK
California teen's message on Snapchat helped lead police to her alleged kidnappers
Couple recalls sweet memories after Oklahoma wedding venue destroyed in fire
Rapper and singer Juice WRLD is dead at 21 after medical emergency


New video "SizeCon 2018" !
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text:
Klanění pastýřů (Adorazione dei pastori) je obraz italského renesančního mistra Lorenza di Credi, namalovaný kolem roku 1510. Nyní je umístěn v galerii Uffizi ve Florencii.

Historie
Obraz vznikl na objednávku jeptišek z kláštera Santa Chiara ve Florencii. Zmiňuje se o něm Lorenzův současník malíř Mariotto Albertinelli a také umělecký historik Giorgio Vasari. Je uváděn také ve florentinských uměleckých průvodcích z konce 17. století.

Existuje několik přípravných studií, nyní jsou v Albertinu ve Vídni, v pařížském "Cabinet des Dessins" a v "Gabinetto dei disegni e delle stampe" (Kabinet kreseb a tisků) v Uffizi.

Popis obrazu
Pod poničeným přístřeškem (symbol upadajícího pohanského a hebrejského náboženství, který je zobrazen v uctívání Ježíše). Malý Ježíšek leží na lůžku ze slámy; jeho rysy jsou podobné těm, které používal na některých svých obrazech Verrocchio. Vlevo jsou v půlkruhu zobrazeni pastýři s jehnětem jako symbolem Kristovy oběti. Postavy hledí vlevo, malíř se inspiroval Pietrem Peruginem. Dva modlící se pastýři jsou inspirovaní triptychem Portinari Altarpiece. Triptych vytvořil vlámský malíř Hugo van der Goes. Inspiroval se i obrazy Domenica Ghirlandaia. Panna Maria, dvě stojící ženské postavy za ní a Svatý Josef s holí jsou inspirované nejspíše také Pietrem Peruginem. Panna Marie a andělé mají rysy podobné tvářím, jaké vytvořil Leonardo da Vinci na obraze Madonna ve skalách.

Reference

Externí odkazy
 Informace na stránkách muzea firenze.it

Galleria degli Uffizi
Obrazy Lorenza di Credi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


On this day in 1921, legendary Souths winger Benny Wearing, then 20 years old, scores his first try for Souths to start him on his way to setting the all times Souths try-scoring record. Wearing's record would stand for 81 years until broken by Nathan Merritt.
It would be the first of three tries Wearing, a South Sydney Junior, would score in the 45-7 win over University at North Sydney Oval.
The tragedy of great winger Benny Wearing's career was that while he was a record-maker at Souths, and the 'people's champion' in the Sydney premiership, he only made the one Test appearance.
A great goal-kicker with a good short kicking game, Wearing played for NSW between 1924-28 and won seven premiership titles with Souths (1925-29 & 1931-32) but was constantly overlooked for Test duty.
After the Australian Board of Control did not go ahead with the 1926-27 Kangaroo Tour Wearing was expected to be one of the first players selected in the Test series against England in 1928. He was not chosen for the first two Tests but he was just too good to leave out of the Third Test.
Wearing scored the then individual points record (12pts - 2t, 3g) in Australia's only win of the series but was again omitted when the Kangaroos squad was selected the following year.
He retired in 1933 with a club record 144 tries to his credit – a record that stood until it was broken in 2014 by Nathan Merritt when he scored his 145th try in an 18–2 victory over the Penrith Panthers.
Wearing retired having played 173 first grade games for Souths between 1921 and 1933 which stood as the club record until Jack Rayner eclipsed it in the late 1950s.
He scored 836 points for the Rabbitohs (144 tries and 202 goals) which stood as the club record for several decades.


text:
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}}

The birth of quantum cryptography in 1984 \cite{bb84}, followed by
its variants steadily paved way for various quantum communication
schemes, thereby, establishing its manifold applications (see \cite{book}
and references therein). Initial protocols \cite{bb84,ekert,b92,vaidman-goldenberg}
of secure quantum communication were restricted to the designing of
protocols for quantum key distribution (QKD), which enables a sender
(Alice) to share (distribute) a key with a receiver (Bob). It was
later realized that a pre-shared (pre-distributed) key is not essential
for secure quantum communication, and several schemes for secure direct
quantum communication were proposed \cite{ping-pong,dsqc-1,review,Man,Anindita,cdsqc}.
These schemes of secure direct quantum communication were mainly of
two types: quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic
secure quantum communication (DSQC). In a QSDC scheme, the receiver
can decode an information encoded by the sender without any additional
information (classical communication) \cite{ping-pong,dsqc-1,review}.
In contrast, in a scheme for DSQC, the receiver requires at least
one bit of classical information to decode each bit of the message
encoded by the sender \cite{Man,Anindita}. Different variants of
DSQC and QSDC protocols have been studied in the recent past. Specifically,
controlled DSQC has been studied in much detail in the recent past
(\cite{cdsqc} and references therein). Interestingly, the schemes
of DSQC and QSDC are one way schemes in the sense that these schemes
only allow Alice to communicate a message to Bob, but does not allow
Bob to do the same. In contrast, in daily life, one often need bidirectional
communication, where two parties can simultaneously communicate messages
to each other, an example been classical communication via telephone.
Keeping this in mind, a scheme for simultaneous bidirectional quantum
communication was introduced by Ba An \cite{ba-an} in 2004, and was
referred to as ``quantum dialogue (QD)''. However, it was found
that the Ba An scheme was insecure under intercept-resend attack \cite{Man}.
In Ref. \cite{Man}, an effort was made to modify the original Ba
An scheme to provide a secure scheme for QD. However the effort was
not successful and later a secure version of the original scheme was
proposed by Ba An himself \cite{baan_new} using Bell states.

It is important to note that a scheme for QD is different from a system
where conversation between Alice and Bob happens using two QSDCs or
two DSQCs (say, one QSDC/DSQC is used for Alice to Bob communication
and the other one is used for Bob to Alice communication). In QD,
messages of Alice and Bob are required to be simultaneously encoded
in the same channel. Further, we would like to note that this type
of scheme for bidirectional direct quantum communication has been
referred by various names, but schemes proposed under these alternate
names are equivalent and may be referred to as quantum dialogue. Specifically,
equivalent bidirectional schemes for secure direct quantum communication
have been referred to as bidirectional quantum communication in \cite{shi-auxilary},
quantum telephone in \cite{quantum telephon1,Y Sun improve telephone},
quantum dialogue in \cite{ba-an,Naseri}, quantum conversation in
\cite{sakshi-panigrahi-epl}, etc.

The practical importance of the QD drew considerable attention of
the quantum cryptography community and several schemes for QD have
been proposed. For example, Xia et al. proposed a QD scheme using
$GHZ$ states \cite{xia} and Dong \emph{et al.} proposed the same
using tripartite $W$ states \cite{dong-w}. Further, efforts have
been made to realize QD using various approaches. For instance, protocols
for QD have been proposed using (i) dense coding \cite{Man,quantum telephon1,xia},
(ii) entanglement swapping \cite{gao-swapping,QD-EnSwap}, (iii) single
photon \cite{Naseri}, (iv) auxiliary particles \cite{shi-auxilary},
(v) qutrit states \cite{QD-EnSwap,QD-qutrit,com-QD-qut}, (vi) continuous
variable states \cite{CV-QD}, (vii) prior shared key for authentication
\cite{Naseri,probAuthQD}, etc. Apart from all these variants of QD,
a modified QD scheme with the name quantum secure direct dialogue
\cite{QSDD1,QSDD2} has been recently proposed, in which, a few of
the Bell states are used for Alice to Bob communication, while the
remaining for sending Bob's message to Alice. This is not really a
scheme for QD as the information encoded by Alice and Bob does not
exist simultaneously in the same channel. Thus, it is to be viewed
as two QSDCs. In the scheme proposed in \cite{QSDD1,QSDD2}, Alice
and Bob were capable of sending messages of different length to each
other, and this was claimed to be the advantage of quantum secure
direct dialogue protocol \cite{QSDD1,QSDD2} over conventional protocols
of QD. However, to achieve this feature they had to go beyond the
domain of QD. In what follows, we will show that we can achieve this
feature, strictly remaining within the domain of quantum dialogue.
Further, we would like to note that almost all the Ba-An-type QD schemes
proposed so far have a generalized mathematical structure \cite{qd}.
Specifically, if a maximally densecodable quantum state is used as
quantum channel, the encoding operations form a group under multiplication.
This point will be further discussed in detail in the forthcoming
sections.

Recently, considerable efforts have also been made to avoid information
leakage in quantum dialogue protocols (see \cite{Y Sun improve telephone,gao-swapping,QD-EnSwap,com-QD-qut}
and reference therein). Some efforts have also been made to study
the effect of noise on the schemes of QD \cite{vishal,crypt-switch,QD-hwang}.
For instance, in Ref. \cite{vishal}, the effect of a set of noise
models on a single-particle-based and an entangled-state-based QD
schemes has been investigated for a comparative analysis. Similarly,
the effect of noise on the controlled version of a QD scheme is analyzed
under amplitude and phase damping noise models in Ref. \cite{crypt-switch}.
Further, Yang and Hwang \cite{QD-hwang} have proposed a QD scheme
immune to collective noise using a set of logical bits (which are
Bell states immune to collective noise) as reported in \cite{col-Bell}.
Specifically, some Bell states form a decoherence free subspace under
collective noise and have been used to design various QD protocols
since then \cite{QSDD2,QD-hwang,QD-GHZ}. However, all the schemes
of QD proposed so far and investigated under noisy environment are
symmetric in the sense that Alice and Bob encode equal amount of information.
Interestingly, in practical circumstances, one often comes across
situations, where one of the users communicates more (say in an online
lecture class usually Professor speaks more). In such situations,
we need schemes for asymmetric quantum dialogue (AQD), where the communication
power (the amount of classical information one can send) is different
for different users. In what follows, we have referred to standard
schemes of symmetric QD as QD and have designed a new scheme of AQD,
which is shown to be interesting by establishing that it would require
lesser quantum resource and be less affected in a noisy channel (amplitude
damping and phase damping channel).

The remaining part of this paper is organized as follows. In Section
\ref{sec:Protocol-for-asymmetric}, the protocol of AQD is proposed,
and subsequently, the group theoretic structure of the operators that
can be used to implement the protocol is discussed in Section \ref{sec:Group-theoretic-structure}.
In Section \ref{sec:Robustness:-Effect-of}, the feasibility of the
proposed AQD scheme is analyzed under the effect of amplitude damping
and phase damping noise. The leakage and efficiency in the proposed
AQD scheme are discussed in Section \ref{sec:Leakage} and finally,
the paper is concluded in Section \ref{sec:Conclusion}.

\section{Protocol for asymmetric quantum dialogue \label{sec:Protocol-for-asymmetric}}

Before we proceed with the AQD protocol, it would be appropriate to
note that the protocol proposed in this section is a Ba-An-type protocol,
and is along the line of the generalized Ba-An-type protocol for QD
proposed by some of the present authors in Ref. \cite{qd}, which
we refer to as Shukla-Banerjee-Pathak (SBP) protocol. In SBP protocol,
an $n$-qubit quantum state $|\phi_{1}\rangle$ from the basis set
$\left\{ |\phi_{i}\rangle\right\} $ is used. Further, a set of $2^{n}$
unitary operators $\{U_{1},U_{2},\cdots,U_{2^{n}}\}$ are needed to
encode an $n$-bit message, where the unitary operators are essentially
$j$-qubit ($j\leq n$) operators such that $U_{i}|\phi_{1}\rangle=|\phi_{i}\rangle$.
It is also necessary that the set of operators $\{U_{1},U_{2},\cdots,U_{2^{n}}\}$
forms a group under multiplication after neglecting the global phase
\cite{qd}. This is important because in Ba-An-type schemes, Alice
encodes $U_{A}$ on the quantum state $|\phi_{1}^{\prime}\rangle=U_{B}|\phi_{1}\rangle$
which was produced by Bob by applying a  unitary operation $U_{B}$
on the initial state $|\phi_{1}\rangle$. Thus, the final state after
Alice's operation becomes $|\phi_{1}^{\prime\prime}\rangle=U_{A}U_{B}|\phi_{1}\rangle,$
which will be in the basis set $\left\{ |\phi_{i}\rangle\right\} $
only if $U_{A}U_{B}=U_{j}$ is an element of the set $\{U_{1},U_{2},\cdots,U_{2^{n}}\}$.
Its relevance would be clear if we note that, to decode any information
sent by Alice to Bob (or equivalently from Bob to Alice) one needs
knowledge of either $U_{A}$ or \textbf{$U_{B}$}. As only Alice and
Bob possess this information, they can extract the information encoded
by the other user if one of the user (Bob) measures $|\phi_{1}^{\prime\prime}\rangle$
using $\left\{ |\phi_{i}\rangle\right\} $ basis set and announces
the result. These conditions led to a generalized group theoretic
structure for the operators to be used to implement a protocol of
QD. In what follows, we use the same conditions and notations to introduce
a protocol for asymmetric quantum dialogue, where Alice and Bob wish
to send messages of $m$ and $n$ bits ($m\neq n$ for AQD), respectively
to each other. In contrast, in a conventional symmetric QD, one always
had $m=n$. Technically, it is possible to achieve the task accomplished
by AQD using a conventional scheme of QD, but that would require utilization
of more quantum resources. To be precise, if $m<n$ then Alice would
require to send $\left(n-m\right)$ auxiliary bits. Similarly, Bob
would require to send $\left(m-n\right)$ auxiliary bits, when $m>n$.
Without loss of generality, here we may describe our protocol for
AQD for the specific case $m<n$ and show that neither Alice needs
to send any auxiliary bits, nor we need to go beyond the domain of
quantum dialogue (as was done in Refs. \cite{QSDD1,QSDD2}). The protocol
for AQD can be described as follows:
\begin{description}
\item [{AQD1}] Bob prepares $p$ copies of an initial state $|\phi_{1}\rangle,$
which is an $n$-qubit entangled state, i.e., he prepares $|\phi_{1}\rangle^{\otimes p}$.
Subsequently, he encodes his message by applying a $j$-qubit unitary
operator from the group of unitary operators $\{U_{1},U_{2},\cdots,U_{2^{n}}\}.$
\\
Note that each unitary operation encodes an $n$-bit classical message.
Hence, Bob encodes an $np$-bit message using all the states. The
orthogonality of the information encoded states is ensured due to
the specific properties of the set of unitary operators used here,
i.e., operation of an operator from the set $\{U_{1},U_{2},\cdots,U_{2^{n}}\}$
gives $U_{i}|\phi_{1}\rangle=|\phi_{i}\rangle,$ which is an element
of the complete basis set $\left\{ |\phi_{i}\rangle\right\} $.
\item [{AQD2}] Bob prepares two strings of travel and home qubits as $P_{A}=[p_{1}(t_{1},t_{2},\cdots,t_{l}),$
$p_{2}(t_{1},t_{2},\cdots,t_{l}),$$...,p_{N}(t_{1},t_{2},\cdots,t_{l})]$
and $P_{B}=[p_{1}(h_{1},h_{2},...,h_{n-l}),$ $p_{2}(h_{1},h_{2},...,h_{n-l}),$$\cdots,p_{N}(h_{1},h_{2},...,h_{n-l})]$,
respectively. The string of the travel qubits contains all the $l$
qubits on which Alice will encode her message in \textbf{AQD4}. Another
string of home qubits is composed of the qubits not encoded by Bob
and the Bob's encoded qubits on which Alice is not supposed to encode
her secret. Then Bob prepares $lp$ decoy qubits and concatenate them
with $P_{A}$ to form a larger string $P_{A}^{\prime}$. Subsequently,
he applies a permutation operator $\Pi_{2lp}$ on the string $P_{A}^{\prime}$
to obtain a new string $P_{A}^{\prime\prime}$ and sends it to Alice.
\\
A detailed discussion of the various types of decoy qubit based eavesdropping
check subroutines can be found in the recent literature (\cite{Kishore-decoy}
and references therein).
\item [{AQD3}] Bob announces the permutation operator $\Pi_{lp}$ corresponding
to the decoy qubits, i.e., the correct positions of the decoy qubits
on which certain decoy qubit based eavesdropping checking technique
(such as BB84 subroutine, GV subroutine, etc. \cite{book,Anindita,cdsqc,qd,QKA-cs})
depending upon the choice of decoy qubits can be applied \cite{Kishore-decoy}.
They proceed with the protocol if the detected error rate is found
to be below a tolerable limit, otherwise they start afresh.
\item [{AQD4}] Bob informs Alice the order of the remaining qubits. Then
Alice obtains the actual order and performs her encoding using a set
of $l$-qubit unitary operators $\{U_{1}^{\prime},U_{2}^{\prime},\cdots,U_{2^{m}}^{\prime}\}$
such that $\{U_{1}^{\prime}\otimes I_{2}^{\otimes j-l},U_{2}^{\prime}\otimes I_{2}^{\otimes j-l},\cdots,U_{2^{m}}^{\prime}\otimes I_{2}^{\otimes j-l}\}$
forms a subgroup (of order $2^{m}$) of the group $\{U_{1},U_{2},\cdots,U_{2^{n}}\}$,
which contains the operators used by Bob for encoding his message,
and is a group of order $2^{n}$ with $n>m$ for AQD. Thereafter,
Alice prepares $lp$ decoy qubits and concatenates them with the original
string $P_{AB}$ to obtain a larger sequence $P_{AB}^{\prime}$. This
is followed by a permutation operation on the enlarged sequence $P_{AB}^{\prime}$
by Alice to create $P_{AB}^{\prime\prime}$. Finally, she sends $P_{AB}^{\prime\prime}$
back to Bob.\\
Note that the Identity operator $(I_{2})$ mentioned above, were included
in the description to illustrate the nature of the subgroup that can
be formed and in our case, we can visualize it as a situation in which
Alice encoded her message on the qubits received by her using an operator
$U_{i}^{\prime}$ from the group of operators $\{U_{i}^{\prime}\}$
and thus, $I_{2}$ operators operate on the remaining qubits on which
Bob had encoded his message, but not send to Alice.
\item [{AQD5}] Bob also performs an eavesdropping checking (in collaboration
with Alice) as in \textbf{AQD3}. They proceed with the protocol if
and only if sufficiently low error rate is obtained, otherwise they
restart from \textbf{ADQ1}.
\item [{AQD6}] Alice announces the permutation operator for Bob to reorder
the remaining qubits. Bob obtains $P_{AB}$ and recombines it with
$P_{B}$ to measure each $n$-qubit entangled state in $\left\{ |\phi_{i}\rangle\right\} $
basis. Subsequently, Bob publicly announces the final states he had
obtained on measurement. The initial and final states are publicly
known. Bob knows his encoding as well, with the help of which he can
decode Alice's message. Similarly, Alice obtains Bob's message using
these publicly known information and her knowledge about the encoding
operation performed by her during \textbf{AQD4}.
\end{description}
Specific examples of the AQD scheme will be discussed in the forthcoming
sections.

\section{Group theoretic structure of the AQD protocol \label{sec:Group-theoretic-structure}}

To illustrate the general structure of the possible schemes for AQD,
we may use a notion of the modified Pauli group introduced in \cite{qd,QKA-cs}.
In \cite{qd}, an operational definition of the Pauli group was used,
where global phase was ignored from the group multiplication table
of the Pauli group (thus, more than one element of standard Pauli
group \cite{nielsen} which are different only in global phase would
become a single element of the modified Pauli group \cite{qd}). For
the convenience of the reader, the operational definition of the modified
Pauli group and the notation introduced in \cite{qd} and followed
in this paper are summarized in Appendix A. In what follows, we describe
the group theoretic structure of the operators used by Alice and Bob
to realize the proposed scheme of AQD. As the choice of the encoding
operators depends on the entangled states to be shared between Alice
and Bob, we restrict our discussion to a finite set of $n$-qubit
entangled states (where we choose $2\leq n\leq5)$. Specifically,
for $n=2,$ only entangled state of interest is a Bell state; whereas
for $n=3,$ all arbitrary entangled state can be classified into two
sub-classes: $GHZ$-type states and $W$-type states, and keeping
that in mind for $n=3,$ we have restricted our investigation to the
search of groups of unitary operators that can be used to implement
QD or AQD using representative quantum states from $GHZ$ class and
$W$ class. Similarly, for $n=4$ case, we have concentrated on the
representative quantum states from the 9 families of 4-qubit entangled
states introduced in \cite{family}. We have already noted that all
3-qubit entangled states can be classified as $GHZ$-type states and
$W$-type states. Inspired by this observation Verstraete et al. tried
to classify 4-qubit entangled states into a finite set of SLOCC nonequivalent
families and introduced 9 families which were referred to as $G_{abcd},L_{abc_{2}},L_{a_{2}b_{2}},L_{ab_{3}},L_{a_{4}},L_{a_{2}0_{3\oplus\bar{1}}},L_{0_{5\oplus\bar{3}}},L_{0_{7\oplus\bar{1}}},L_{0_{3\oplus\bar{1}}0_{3\oplus\bar{1}}}$
(for exact definitions of these families see Theorem 2 of Ref. \cite{family}).
Later on, Chterental et al. \cite{4-Qubit-SLOCC-proof} and Borsten
et al. \cite{string} also obtained these nine families through different
approaches. However, Gour and Wallach had later shown that actually
there exist an infinite number of SLOCC non-equivalent classes for
four qubit entangled states \cite{4qubit-inf}. It's not our purpose
to discuss these SLOCC nonequivalent classes in detail. Rather, we
are interested in illustrating the group theoretic structure of the
AQD scheme with some quantum states as an example, and for this purpose
we have chosen representative states from different families of 4-qubit
entangled states as classified in \cite{family}. Finally, we also
report the group theoretic structure of the operators that may used
to implement QD/AQD using specific type of 5-quabit entangled states
(namely 5-qubit Brown and cluster states).

To begin with, we note that a large number of alternate possibilities
of implementing QD using $n$-qubit ($2\leq n\leq5$) entangled states
and various groups of unitary operators were already listed in Table
4 of our earlier work \cite{qd}. The present investigation has revealed
a number of new possibilities, and they are summarized in Table \ref{table_group operators}.
Specifically, the last column of Table \ref{table_group operators}
reports a new set (i.e., not reported earlier) of group of operators
that may be used to implement QD or AQD using a particular type of
entangled state mentioned in the first column of the table. Table
\ref{table_group operators} clearly illustrates that a scheme for
QD can be implemented using a state mentioned in the 1st column of
the $i$th row of the table, if the users use one of the groups listed
in Column 3 or 4 of the same row. However, to implement an AQD, using
a state mentioned in the 1st column of $i$th row of this table, one
of the user (say, Bob, who is the first user in the sense that he
prepares the quantum channel) has to use a group (say, $G_{B}$) of
order $2^{n}$ listed in Column 3 or 4 of the same row, whereas the
other user (Alice) would require to use another group of operators
(say, $G_{A}$) of order $2^{m},$ such that $G_{A}\otimes\{I_{2}^{j-l}\}$
(cf. \textbf{AQD4}) forms a subgroup of $G_{B}$. In what follows,
we discuss a few specific examples to extend this point, and provided
a large list of allowed combination of states and such groups of operators
in Table \ref{tab:Assym-QD}.

\begin{table}
\centering{}{\footnotesize{}
\begin{tabular}{|c|>{\centering}p{0.5in}|>{\centering}p{2.4in}|>{\centering}p{2.1in}|}
\hline
{\footnotesize{}Quantum state } & {\footnotesize{}SLOCC nonequivalent family} & {\footnotesize{}Group of unitary operations that can be used for QD
and described in Ref. \cite{qd}} & {\footnotesize{}New group of unitary operations that can also be used
for QD }\tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}2-qubit Bell state } & Bell & {\footnotesize{}$G_{1}$} & \tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}3-qubit $GHZ$ } & $GHZ$ & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{1}(8),G_{2}^{2}(8),G_{2}^{4}(8),G_{2}^{5}(8)$} & \tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}3-qubit $GHZ$-like } & $GHZ$ & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{2}(8),G_{2}^{3}(8),G_{2}^{5}(8),G_{2}^{6}(8),G_{2}^{8}(8),G_{2}^{9}(8)$} & \tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}4-qubit cat state} & $G_{abcd}$ &  & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{1}(8),G_{2}^{2}(8),G_{2}^{4}(8),G_{2}^{5}(8)$}\tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}4-qubit $W$ } & $L_{ab_{3}}$ & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{8}(8),G_{2}^{9}(8)$} & \tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}4-qubit $Q_{5}$ } & {\footnotesize{}$L_{0_{7\oplus\bar{1}}}$} & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{4}(8),G_{2}^{5}(8)$} & \tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}4-qubit cluster state } & $G_{abcd}$ & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}$} & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{1}(8),G_{2}^{2}(8),G_{2}^{4}(8),G_{2}^{5}(8)$}\tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}4-qubit $\Omega$ state } & $L_{0_{3\oplus\bar{1}}0_{3\oplus\bar{1}}}$ & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}$} & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 1,\cdots11\right\} $}\tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}4-qubit $Q_{4}$ } & {\footnotesize{}$L_{0_{5\oplus\bar{3}}}$} & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{6}(8),G_{2}^{7}(8)$} & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{5}(8)$}\tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}$\frac{\left|0001\rangle+|0010\rangle+|0111\rangle+|1011\right\rangle }{2}$} & $L_{ab_{3}}$ &  & {\footnotesize{}$G_{2}^{8}(8),G_{2}^{9}(8)$}\tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}$\frac{\left|0000\rangle+|0111\right\rangle }{\sqrt{2}}$} & {\footnotesize{}$L_{0_{3\oplus\bar{1}}0_{3\oplus\bar{1}}}$} &  & {\footnotesize{} $G_{2}^{4}(8),G_{2}^{5}(8),G_{2}^{8}(8),G_{2}^{9}(8),G_{2}^{10}(8),G_{2}^{11}(8)$}\tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}5-qubit Brown state } & - & {\footnotesize{}$G_{3}^{1}(32),G_{3}^{2}(32),G_{3}^{4}(32),G_{3}^{5}(32),G_{3}^{7}(32),G_{3}^{8}(32)$} & \tabularnewline
\hline
{\footnotesize{}5-qubit cluster state } & - & {\footnotesize{}$G_{3}^{4}(32),G_{3}^{5}(32),G_{3}^{7}(32),G_{3}^{8}(32)$} & \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}\caption{\label{table_group operators}List of useful quantum states and corresponding
operators that may be used to implement protocols for AQD and QD.
Specifically, to implement a protocol of QD using a state mentioned
in the 1st column of $i$th row of this table, both the users should
use one of the groups listed in Column 3 or 4 of the same row. However,
to implement an AQD, using a state mentioned in the 1st column of
$i$th row of this table, one of the user (say Bob) would use a group
($G_{B}$) listed in Column 3 or 4 of the same row, as was done in
QD, and Alice (who is expected to communicate less) would use a\textcolor{red}{{}
}smaller group $G_{A}:G_{A}\otimes I_{2}^{j-l}<G_{B},$ where Bob
and Alice encode their message by using $j$ and $l$ qubit unitary
operations, respectively.}
\end{table}

Let us consider a particular example in which a 4-qubit cluster state
is used for the implementation of a scheme for QD/AQD between Alice
and Bob. To begin with, let us consider the symmetric case in which
both Alice and Bob wish to communicate 4 bits of classical information
to each other. In this particular case, 2 travel qubits will be required,
and both Alice and Bob have to encode their secrets using the operators
from the group $G_{2}$. In contrast, they may also decide to go for
an AQD scheme using the same quantum state and allowing Bob to encode
4 bits of classical information and Alice to encode half of that.
In this particular case, Bob would still encode using the operators
from $G_{2}$ on two qubits (as he did in symmetric case), but would
send only one qubit to Alice, who will be able to encode her 2 bits
of classical information using unitary operators from $G_{1}$ group
on the travel qubit and send it back to Bob. Note that $G_{1}\otimes\{I_{2}\}=\{I_{2}\otimes I_{2},\,X\otimes I_{2},\,iY\otimes I_{2},\,Z\otimes I_{2}\}<G_{2}$
(i.e, $G_{1}\otimes\{I_{2}\}$ is a subgroup of $G_{2}$. Subsequently,
Bob will measure the final state in the suitable basis and broadcast
the measurement outcome. One may argue that we can implement the AQD
scheme using conventional QD, too. In that case, we have to send two
travel qubits through the channel. That would increase the possibilities
of being affected by the channel noise and also would involve higher
quantum cost as far as the communication via the quantum channel is
concerned. It is evident that if Alice needs to encode less classical
information then AQD with lesser number of travel qubits is preferable
and sufficient. In Table \ref{tab:Assym-QD}, a list of groups of
operators capable of implementing the proposed scheme of QD and AQD
for different quantum states is presented. It is shown that there
exists a large number of alternative ways (combination of groups of
operators and quantum states) that may be used for the implementation
of the proposed scheme for AQD.

\begin{center}
\begin{table}
\begin{centering}
\begin{tabular}{|>{\centering}p{1.45cm}|>{\centering}p{0.5cm}|c|c|>{\centering}p{0.9cm}|c|>{\centering}p{2.4cm}|>{\centering}p{0.9cm}|}
\hline
Quantum state  & \multicolumn{1}{>{\centering}p{0.5cm}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{AQD} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} &  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{>{\centering}p{2.4cm}}{QD} & \tabularnewline
\cline{2-8}
 & $N_{T}$ & Operation of B & Operation of A & c-bits (B:A) & $N_{T}$  & Operation of B or A & c-bits (B:A)\tabularnewline
\hline
2-qubit Bell state  & 1 & $g_{i}\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,3\right\} $ & $G_{1}$ & 1:2 & 1 & $G_{1}$ & 2:2\tabularnewline
 & 1 & $G_{1}$ & $g_{i}\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,3\right\} $ & 2:1 &  &  & \tabularnewline
\hline
3-qubit $GHZ$  & 1 & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 4,5\right\} $ & $g_{i}\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,3\right\} $ & 3:1 & 2 & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 4,5\right\} $ & 3:3\tabularnewline
 & 1 & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 4,5\right\} $ & $G_{1}$ & 3:2 &  &  & \tabularnewline
\hline
4-qubit cluster state  & 1 & $G_{2}$ & $g_{i}\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,3\right\} $ & 4:1 & 2 & $G_{2}$ & 4:4\tabularnewline
and $\Omega$ state  & 1 & $G_{2}$ & $G_{1}$ & 4:2 &  &  & \tabularnewline
 & 2 & $G_{2}$ & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 1,\cdots6\right\} $ & 4:3 &  &  & \tabularnewline
\hline
5-qubit Brown state  & 1 & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,4,5,7,8\right\} $ & $g_{i}\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,3\right\} $ & 5:1 & 3 & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,4,5,7,8\right\} $  & 5:5\tabularnewline
 & 1 & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,4,5,7,8\right\} $ & $G_{1}$ & 5:2 &  &  & \tabularnewline
 & 2 & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,4,5,7,8\right\} $ & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 1,\cdots6\right\} $ & 5:3 &  &  & \tabularnewline
 & 2 & $G_{2}^{i}(8)\,:i\in\left\{ 1,2,4,5,7,8\right\} $ & $G_{2}$ & 5:4 &  &  & \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\par\end{centering}

\caption{\label{tab:Assym-QD}Asymmetric quantum dialogue (AQD) and quantum
dialogue (QD) between Alice (A) and Bob (B). $N_{T}$ is the number
of travel qubits and $g_{1}=\{I_{2},X\}$, $g_{2}=\{I_{2},iY\}$,
and $g_{3}=\{I_{2},Z\}$. The notations used are elaborated in Appendix
A and are consistent with the previous table.}
\end{table}

\par\end{center}

\section{Robustness: Effect of noise on the AQD scheme \label{sec:Robustness:-Effect-of}}

To implement the AQD protocol described above, an entangled state
is to be used, part of which (travel qubits) will travel through the
channel and thus will get exposed to the environment, whereas the
other qubits (home qubits) would remain with one of the users. In
what follows, it will be assumed that home qubits will not be affected
by noise \cite{crypt-switch}. Keeping this in mind, in this section,
we aim to study the effect of widely used noise models: Amplitude
damping (AD) and Phase damping (PD) on the travel qubits in the AQD
protocol. We also compare the fidelity of the quantum state at the
end of Alice's and Bob's encoding in noisy and ideal scenarios obtained
for AQD in a particular type of noise channel, with that of the fidelity
obtained for QD implemented with the same conditions.

Before we discuss the effect of noise on the proposed AQD scheme,
we will briefly introduce the strategy adopted here to quantify this.
If Bob prepares an $n$-qubit pure entangled state $\rho_{{\rm initial}}=\left[|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|\right]_{h+t}$
and keeps the home qubits ($h)$ with himself after sending travel
qubits ($t$) to Alice, where $t=n-h$, thus the noise acts on the
travel qubits only. The transformed quantum state in the presence
of noise can be written as
\begin{equation}
\rho_{k}=\sum_{i_{j}}I_{2}^{\otimes h}\otimes E_{i_{1}}^{k}\otimes\cdots E_{i_{j}}^{k}\cdots\otimes E_{i_{t}}^{k}\rho_{{\rm initial}}\left(I_{2}^{\otimes h}\otimes E_{i_{1}}^{k}\otimes\cdots E_{i_{j}}^{k}\cdots\otimes E_{i_{t}}^{k}\right)^{\dagger},\label{eq:noise-effected-density-matrix-1}
\end{equation}
where $E_{i_{j}}^{k}$ are the suitable Kraus operators for AD or
PD channels, which will be discussed in detail in the following subsections.

The effect of noise can be quantitatively obtained using a distance
based measure fidelity between the quantum state $\rho_{k}$ obtained
in the presence of noisy channels with the one in ideal condition.
Suppose the quantum state in the noisy channel after the encoding
of Alice and Bob is $\rho_{k}^{\prime}$, while it was expected to
be $|\psi^{\prime}\rangle$ in the absence of noise. In this case,
the fidelity is
\begin{equation}
F_{k}=\langle\psi^{\prime}|\rho_{k}^{\prime}|\psi^{\prime}\rangle,\label{eq:fidelity}
\end{equation}
which is the square of the conventional fidelity expression and has
also been used in the past.

It would be worth mentioning here that we have obtained average fidelity
considering all possible encoding of Alice and Bob. Further, we have
considered here a special case with 4-qubit cluster state as initial
state, which will be utilized as quantum channel. AQD scheme gives
a certain advantage in the implementation of the scheme as it will
be less affected due to noise than the QD scheme. This is discussed
in following subsections.

\subsection{Effect of amplitude damping (AD) noise}

The effect of AD noise in the quantum state $\rho_{{\rm initial}}$
is characterized by the following Kraus operators \cite{nielsen}:
\begin{equation}
E_{0}^{A}=|0\rangle\langle0|+\sqrt{1-\eta_{A}}|1\rangle\langle1|,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,E_{1}^{A}=\sqrt{\eta_{A}}|0\rangle\langle1|,\label{eq:Krauss-amp-damping}
\end{equation}
where $\eta_{A}$ ($0\leq\eta_{A}\leq1$) is the decoherence rate
and describes the probability of error due to AD channel.

The fidelity expressions are obtained for QD/AQD (with 2 travel qubits)
and AQD (with 1 travel qubit) as
\begin{equation}
F_{AD}^{{\rm QD/AQD}}=\frac{1}{8}\left(\eta^{4}-4\eta^{3}+12\eta^{2}-16\eta+8\right)\label{eq:Fad-sy}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
F_{AD}^{{\rm AQD}}=\frac{1}{4}(\eta-2)^{2},\label{eq:Fad-asy}
\end{equation}
respectively. We have observed that fidelity expression depends on
the number of travel qubits (which depends on the amount of classical
information Alice wants to encode) and it does not depend on Bob's
encoding. Specifically, it does not depend on how much classical information
has been encoded by Bob, and how many qubits have been used for Bob's
encoding. This is not surprising as we have considered that the home
qubits don't get affected by the channel noise. Thus, as long as we
are considering that only travel qubits get affected by the channel
noise, our strategy for designing new schemes should be such that
a proposed scheme would utilize a minimum number of travel qubits.
More precisely, the number of travel qubits should be equal to the
minimum number of qubits that Alice requires to encode her message.
For example, one travel qubit would be sufficient as long as Alice's
message is up to 2 bits. Further, the presence of quadratic terms
in the fidelity expression of the encoded quantum state in AQD (with
1 travel qubit) are the signature of to and fro travel of the single
qubit between Bob and Alice. Similarly, the quartic terms in the fidelity
expression for QD/AQD with 2 travel qubits is the signature of to
and fro travel of qubits between Bob and Alice.

To study the effect of AD channels, we have shown the variation of
both the fidelity expressions in Fig. \ref{fig:Effect-of-amplitutde},
which illustrates that the QD scheme is more affected due to noise.
Quantitatively, it can be seen that the obtained fidelity of the quantum
state carrying information in the AQD scheme is always greater than
that of the symmetric one.

\begin{figure}
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{AQDFAD}
\par\end{centering}

\caption{\label{fig:Effect-of-amplitutde}(Color online) The effect of AD noise
on the asymmetric QD depends on the number of travel qubits. Here,
4-qubit cluster state is used as quantum channel. The smooth (blue)
and dashed (red) lines correspond to 2 and 1 travel qubits, respectively.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Effect of phase damping (PD) noise}

The effect of phase damping on the travel qubit is characterized by
the following Kraus operators \cite{nielsen}
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{ccc}
E_{0}^{P} & = & \sqrt{1-\eta_{P}}\otimes I,\\
E_{1}^{P} & = & \sqrt{\eta_{P}}|0\rangle\langle0|,\\
E_{2}^{P} & = & \sqrt{\eta_{P}}|1\rangle\langle1|,
\end{array}\label{eq:Krauss-phase-damping}
\end{equation}
where $\eta_{P}$ ($0\leq\eta_{P}\leq1$) is the decoherence rate
for the phase damping.

Similar to AD noise case, the fidelity expression for the symmetric
or asymmetric QD schemes with 2 travel qubits is
\begin{equation}
F_{PD}^{{\rm sy}}=\frac{1}{2}\left((\eta-1)^{4}+1\right),\label{eq:Fpd-sy}
\end{equation}
whereas
\begin{equation}
F_{PD}^{{\rm asy}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\eta^{2}-2\eta+2\right)\label{eq:Fpd-asy}
\end{equation}
is obtained with 1 travel qubit, when the travel qubits are passing
through a PD channel. Therefore, the presence of quadratic (quartic)
terms are signature of forward and backward communication of 1 (2)
travel qubit(s).

The variation of both the fidelity expressions in Fig. \ref{fig:Effect-of-noise}
further establishes that the AQD scheme is less affected and is preferable
over the symmetric one. Though, for very large values of decoherence
rate, the obtained fidelity of the information encoded quantum state
in both the cases become the same, otherwise the fidelity for the
AQD scheme is always greater than that of the symmetric one.

\begin{figure}
\centering{}\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{AQDFPD}\caption{\label{fig:Effect-of-noise}(Color online) The dependence of the fidelity
of the information encoded quantum state of the AQD schemes on the
number of travel qubits is shown, when subjected to PD noise using
4-qubit cluster state as quantum channel. The smooth (blue) and dashed
(red) lines correspond to 2 and 1 travel qubits, respectively. }
\end{figure}

\section{Leakage and efficiency of the proposed scheme \label{sec:Leakage}}

Leakage is inherent in the Ba-An-type QD (for a discussion on this
see \cite{book,qd}), and the same limitation is applicable to the
proposed AQD protocol, too. In brief, leakage can be thought of as
the difference between the total information sent by both the legitimate
users and the minimum information required by Eve to extract that
information. Specifically, Eve requires the encoding information of
at least one of the users to extract the information of the other
user. For instance, in Ba An QD scheme, the total amount of encoded
classical information is 4 bits and minimum encoding of a party is
2 bits (i.e., Eve requires 2 bits of minimum information) resulting
in leakage of 2 bits. In case of AQD, the minimum requirement for
Eve becomes less than QD hence resulting in increase of leakage. However,
the leakage can be avoided if the initial state is unknown to the
users. In Ba An's original scheme \cite{ba-an}, it is explicitly
mentioned (in connection with the choice of initial state) that ``The
choice may be random or in some secret fashion unknown to Eve''.
The choice signifies which particular Bell state is selected among
the four Bell states. Here, we have taken this approach for AQD and
we conjecture that if we can send the initial state to the users by
QSDC (secret fashion) then the leakage can be nullified.

We may now look at the qubit efficiency of the scheme with and without
QSDC. To do so, we use following measure of qubit efficiency \cite{defn of qubit efficiency}

\begin{equation}
\eta=\frac{c}{q+b},\label{eq:efficiency}
\end{equation}
where $c$ denotes the total number of transmitted classical bits
(message bits), $q=Q+2t$ denotes the total number of qubits used
with $Q$-qubit entangled state as quantum channel and $t$ travel
qubits (corresponding to decoy qubits), $b$ is the number of classical
bits exchanged for decoding of the message (classical communication
used for checking of eavesdropping is not counted). If we consider
the example of Bell-state-based Ba-An-type QD protocol, then $c=4,$
$q=2+2=4$ and $b=2$, and thus efficiency is calculated to be 67\%.
Now, if we use a Bell state for QSDC of the information regarding
initial state, then total $q=8$ and thus efficiency is less. However,
we know that we need to send the initial state, just once. Thus, even
if we have to send $n$ c-bits via the main part of the QD scheme,
we still need to communicate 2 bits of classical information regarding
the initial state through a QSDC scheme. This would require 4 extra
qubits (2 qubits for channel and 2 qubits for eavesdropping checking)
and thus in the $n\rightarrow\infty$ limit the efficiency would become
the same as that in the QD scheme without QSDC. This is so because
in this particular case, $\eta=\underset{n\rightarrow\infty}{\lim}\frac{4n}{\left(2n+2n\right)+4+2n}=\underset{n\rightarrow\infty}{\lim}\frac{4n}{6(n+\frac{2}{3})}\approx67\%.$

As we have discussed the specific case of 4-qubit cluster state as
a quantum channel for the discussion of the effect of noise in the
previous section, it would be relevant to calculate and discuss the
efficiency for the same. Specifically, in the QD protocol with 4-qubit
cluster state, the efficiency would be $\eta=\frac{8}{\left(4+4\right)+4}=67\%$.
However, in AQD protocol, we decrease the value of $c$ and $t$ by
2 and 1 respectively to obtain qubit efficiency $\eta=60\%$. It may
appear that the efficiency will always decrease with AQD protocols
when compared with their QD counterparts. A contrary example would
be of GHZ state, where the efficiency can be calculated to be 60\%
and 62.5\% for QD and AQD protocols, respectively. It proves that
if we have a multipartite state with odd number of qubits then efficiency
can be increased in AQD protocols. Further, it has been already established
that using QSDC for sending the initial state information, the efficiency
equal to that of the protocols without using QSDC can be obtained
for a large number of copies of the quantum channel.

\section{Conclusion \label{sec:Conclusion}}

We have designed a protocol for AQD which is different from the standard
protocols of QD in the sense that the communication powers of the
users are different. Interestingly, the task is performed without
violating the requirements of QD. In the process of design and analysis
of this protocol, we have obtained several interesting results. For
example, we obtained a large number of new alternatives (in terms
of groups of operators and corresponding quantum states), which can
be used to implement QD (cf. last column of \ref{table_group operators}).
Secondly, we obtained a group theoretic structure of the operators
that may be used to realize the proposed scheme for AQD. The analysis
performed on the proposed scheme has also revealed that the proposed
AQD involves more leakage in comparison to its QD counterpart. However,
the leakage can be completely circumvented by including a QSDC scheme
for sharing the information about the initial state prepared by Bob.
Further, as the number of travel qubits is reduced in AQD (in comparison
to an equivalent QD scheme), the effect of various noise models is
also reduced. Further, using GHZ state as an example, it has been
shown that the qubit efficiency of the proposed AQD is higher than
the corresponding scheme of QD. The present AQD scheme can be easily
extended to design a controlled AQD scheme, where a controller (Charlie)
prepares the quantum state, which is followed by his announcement
of initial state after the HJRSP scheme (except the unitary operations
of Bob, whhich would depend on the initial state prepared by Charlie)
has been faithfully implemented by Alice and Bob. Charlie can also
send the information regarding initial state using QSDC scheme to
both the legitimate users, Alice and Bob. Thus, in brief, present
work introduces the concept of AQD, which is shown to be much beneficial
(in both noiseless and noisy environments) than a QD in a situation
where the users are not required to communicate equal amount of information,
and the proposed scheme can also be extended to develop a relevant
scheme for controlled-quantum communication.

\textbf{Acknowledgment:} AB acknowledges support from the Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India (Scientists'
Pool Scheme). CS thanks Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(JSPS), Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows no. 15F15015. She also thanks
IISER Kolkata for the hospitality provided during the initial phase
of the work. KT and AP thank Defense Research \& Development Organization
(DRDO), India for the support provided through the project number
ERIP/ER/1403163/M/01/1603.

\section*{Appendix A: Modified Pauli groups and the notation used \label{sec:Appendix-A:-Modified}}

Modified Pauli groups and the notations used to denote them in the
present work was introduced earlier in \cite{qd,QKA-cs}. Here, for
consistency, we briefly summarize the definition and the notation
used.

\setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\theequation}{A.\arabic{equation}}

It is easy to verify that the set of Pauli operators $\{I_{2},\,\sigma_{x},\,i\sigma_{y},\,\sigma_{z}\}$
forms a group under multiplication $G_{1}^{\prime}=\left\{ \pm I_{2},\pm iI_{2},\pm\sigma_{x},\pm i\sigma_{x},\pm\sigma_{y},\pm i\sigma_{y},\pm\sigma_{z},\pm i\sigma_{z}\right\} $
(cf. Section 10.5.1 of \cite{nielsen}). The closure property of $G_{1}^{\prime}$
is satisfied under normal matrix multiplication because of the inclusion
of $\pm1$ and $\pm i$ . However, if any of the operators $\sigma_{i},\,-\sigma_{i},\,i\sigma_{i}$
or $-i\sigma_{i}$ operates on a quantum state, the effect would be
the same. Keeping this in mind, if global phase is ignored from the
product of matrices (which is consistent with quantum mechanics),
we obtain a modified Pauli group $G_{1}=\{I_{2},\,\sigma_{x},\,i\sigma_{y},\,\sigma_{z}\}=\{I_{2},\,X,\,iY,\,Z\}$.
Clearly, under the above defined multiplication rule, $G_{1}$ is
an Abelian group of order 4 and its generators are $\left\langle X,Z\right\rangle ,\,\left\langle X,iY\right\rangle \,{\rm and\,}\left\langle iY,Z\right\rangle $.
Similarly, we may define the modified generalized Pauli group $G_{n}=G_{1}^{\otimes n}$
as a group of order $2^{2^{n}}=4^{n}$ and whose elements are all
$n$-fold tensor products of Pauli matrices \cite{qd}. For example,
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{lcl}
G_{2} & = & G_{1}\otimes G_{1}=\{I_{2},\,X,\,iY,\,Z\}\otimes\{I_{2},\,X,\,iY,\,Z\}\\
 & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},\,I_{2}\otimes X,\,I_{2}\otimes iY,\,I_{2}\otimes Z,\,X\otimes I_{2},\,X\otimes X,\right.\\
 &  & X\otimes iY,\,X\otimes Z,\,iY\otimes I_{2},\,iY\otimes X,\,iY\otimes iY,\\
 &  & \left.iY\otimes Z,Z\otimes I_{2},\,Z\otimes X,\,Z\otimes iY,\,Z\otimes Z\right\} .
\end{array}\label{eq:pustak2}
\end{equation}
In Ref. \cite{qd}, it was discussed in detail, how to construct subgroups
of $G_{2}$. Here, we list 11 subgroups of $G_{2}$, which are used
in this paper (each is of order 8):
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{lcl}
G_{2}^{1}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},\,X\otimes I_{2},\,iY\otimes I_{2},\,Z\otimes I_{2},\,I_{2}\otimes X,\,X\otimes X,\,iY\otimes X,\,Z\otimes X\right\} ,\\
G_{2}^{2}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},\,X\otimes I_{2},\,iY\otimes I_{2},\,Z\otimes I_{2},\,I_{2}\otimes iY,\,X\otimes iY,\,iY\otimes iY,\,Z\otimes iY\right\} ,\\
G_{2}^{3}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},\,X\otimes I_{2},\,iY\otimes I_{2},\,Z\otimes I_{2},\,I_{2}\otimes Z,\,X\otimes Z,\,iY\otimes Z,\,Z\otimes Z\right\} ,\\
G_{2}^{4}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},\,I_{2}\otimes X,\,I_{2}\otimes iY,\,I_{2}\otimes Z,\,X\otimes I_{2},\,X\otimes X,\,X\otimes iY,\,X\otimes Z\right\} \\
G_{2}^{5}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},\,I_{2}\otimes X,\,I_{2}\otimes iY,\,I_{2}\otimes Z,\,iY\otimes I_{2},\,iY\otimes X,\,iY\otimes iY,\,iY\otimes Z\right\} \\
G_{2}^{6}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},\,I_{2}\otimes X,\,I_{2}\otimes iY,\,I_{2}\otimes Z,\,Z\otimes I_{2},\,Z\otimes X,\,Z\otimes iY,\,Z\otimes Z\right\} \\
G_{2}^{7}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},I_{2}\otimes Z,Z\otimes I_{2},Z\otimes Z,X\otimes X,iY\otimes X,X\otimes iY,iY\otimes iY\right\} ,\\
G_{2}^{8}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},Z\otimes Z,X\otimes iY,iY\otimes X,I_{2}\otimes X,\,Z\otimes iY,\,iY\otimes I_{2},\,X\otimes Z\right\} ,\\
G_{2}^{9}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},Z\otimes Z,X\otimes iY,iY\otimes X,X\otimes I_{2},iY\otimes Z,Z\otimes X,I_{2}\otimes iY\right\} ,\\
G_{2}^{10}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},X\otimes I_{2},I_{2}\otimes X,X\otimes X,Z\otimes Z,iY\otimes Z,Z\otimes iY,iY\otimes iY\right\} ,\\
G_{2}^{11}(8) & = & \left\{ I_{2}\otimes I_{2},iY\otimes I_{2},I_{2}\otimes iY,iY\otimes iY,Z\otimes Z,Z\otimes X,X\otimes Z,X\otimes X\right\} ,
\end{array}\label{eq:pustak3}
\end{equation}
where $G_{n}^{j}(m)$ denotes $j^{th}$ subgroup of order $m<4^{n}$
of the group $G_{n}$ whose order is $4^{n}.$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


With Manny Machado now officially the Padres' third baseman, Ian Kinsler can focus on playing second base for San Diego.
Peoria, Ariz. – With Manny Machado now officially the Padres' third baseman, Ian Kinsler can focus on playing second base for San Diego.
Kinsler, fresh off a World Series title with the Boston Red Sox, was on a long list of possibilities at third base before that talk was squelched when Machado agreed this week to a $300 million, 10-year contract.
Kinsler, 36, can now shift all of his focus to second base, where he played for the Tigers from 2014-17.
Kinsler has played only two innings at third base in his 13-year career.
The Padres are Kinsler's fifth team. He opened last season with the Los Angeles Angels before being traded to Boston at the deadline. He played in 11 postseason games as the Red Sox won their fourth World Series title since 2004.
He then signed an $8 million, two-year contract with the Padres.
During spring training, Kinsler is back in his home state. He grew up in Tucson and attended Arizona State University his sophomore season. He transferred to Missouri, where he hit .335 his junior season and made the All-Big-12 Conference second team.


Jack's human explained on YouTube, "Dog loves the water. Couldn't understand how it was coming from the sky."
NOTE: Once fully grown, these dogs can stand as tall as 21-24 inches at their shoulders, and can weigh upwards of 60-75 pounds. Of course, goldens are incredibly friendly, but they may freak out any smaller children that might be around, possibly even knocking them down when excitedly greeting them.
Golden retrievers are considered to be the fourth smartest dog breeds in the world, trailing behind border collies (1st), poodles (2nd), and German shepherds (3rd).
Responses to "Puppy Has Amazing Reaction To Seeing Rain For The First Time "


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How can a woman prove rape?
How can a woman prove rape? https://alhabib.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/qqa-206-en-1920x1080-1-e1632631939923.png 834 469 The Office Of His Eminence Sheikh al-Habib The Office Of His Eminence Sheikh al-Habib https://alhabib.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/qqa-206-en-1920x1080-1-e1632631939923.png 19/12/2020 23/12/2020
I have a question about the Islamic ruling on proving rape. The Qur'an states that women are required to produce 4 witnesses to prove a case in court. How can a woman prove she was raped if she can't produce 4 witnesses?
Why did they not bring four witnesses of it? But as they have not brought witnesses, they are liars before Allah.
The Qur'an (24:13)
The quoted Quranic verse does not ordain women who are victims of rape to produce four witnesses, but rather ordains those who make an allegation of adultery against two people to bring forth four witnesses to prove such a crime.
Women who are victims of rape, on the other hand, may directly present their case before an Islamic court where the rapist will then be brought and questioned about the incident.
How can Fatima (peace be upon her) own the right of Fadak, while women do not inherit according to the Shīʻah?
Did the women of Ahlul Bayt wear Niqab?
Is it forbidden for women to pluck their eyebrows?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What exactly is a catch-all e-mail account? How does it function? How could you set up this kind of account?
A catch-all e-mailbox is one that collects all the email messages sent to invalid addresses. For example, if your address is info@domain.com, but someone miswrites it and sends an email to inof@domain.com, it will still be received in the catch-all mailbox that you have configured. Just one mailbox per domain can have this feature enabled and in this way you'll never miss messages because the other side has an outdated address or has made a spelling mistake. The downside of setting up a catch-all mailbox is that you may begin receiving plenty of unsolicited bulk email messages, but this problem can be fixed by using an anti-spam filtering solution. It's also important to remember that a mailbox with an activated catch-all functionality cannot forward incoming email messages to a 3rd-party mailbox.
Catch-all Emails in Hosting
If you have a hosting with our company and you'd like to activate the catch-all functionality for a specific email mailbox that you have in the account, it'll take literally just one mouse click in the Email Manager section of your Hepsia Control Panel to do this. A catch-all button is available next to each email address that you have created under any domain registered in your account. You can pick one email address per domain by clicking the corresponding button. This will activate the feature straight away, so all email messages sent to mistyped addresses will be received there. Clicking the button for a second time will turn off the catch-all feature. If you've got activated email forwarding, our system will show a warning notification and you will not be able to enable the catch-all feature until you deactivate the forwarding or you can simply choose another mailbox to be the catch-all one.


We register a limited number of players each season, so if you are interested in the program, we recommend that you submit the application as soon as possible.
Candidates will be notified of the decision in less than 2 weeks. Once admitted, you will be sent a service provision agreement that must be filled out by the date indicated, along with the required bank deposit.


I was recently invited to visit Norway. It was my first visit to the country I claim as my heritage. I have used it over my life to shape my identity. Being adopted has always left me with a lot of questions about how the self is formed. My adopted parents and family have shaped the person I have become. My personal narrative is totally created by the people I'm connected with by fortunate chance. In visiting Norway, I hoped to better understand those connections through experiencing the place where my father's family came from, an adopted history in an adopted land.
In a broader sense, I want to convey the physical and psychological impact the landscape has in shaping people. A sense of place is powerful; it can express the feelings of belonging, separation, distance, and loss. Can the landscape be the physical embodiment of an idea or concept, a personification? I believe so.
Recent changes have brought an expanded approach and handling of materials to the work. Formal training in printmaking and a long professional involvement in the graphic arts are being acknowledged. Painted works might include oil paint, acrylic paint or encaustic media. Lithographic and other transfer processes often aid in the image creation. The work's surfaces are built up in a series of applications and removals of the chosen materials. All frames are designed and built by the artist using a variety of hardwoods. Some works incorporate gilding on the frames or as a substrate under paint.


Legislative Assembly for the ACT: 2006 Week 11 Hansard (16 November) . . Page.. 3580..
As a consequence of this overlap, the committee has resolved to examine the issue of bullying and comparable behaviour, such as harassment and violence, as part of the restorative justice inquiry. In particular, the committee will consider how the allocation of national safe schools framework resources have impacted on the development of restorative practices and alternative student management practices in the ACT and the effectiveness of these practices in dealing with issues of bullying, harassment and violence.
To ensure that the views of the community on this matter can be heard, the committee will readvertise the inquiry and seek input from relevant agencies and organisations, as appropriate. I anticipate that the final report for the inquiry will be tabled in the first half of 2007.
MS MacDONALD (Brindabella) (10.41): I seek leave to make a statement regarding a new inquiry.
MS MacDONALD: I thank the Assembly. I wish to advise the Assembly that the Standing Committee on Health and Disability has resolved to undertake an inquiry into the implications of the use of the drug crystal methamphetamine, also known as "ice", for the ACT community.
The committee will look at information on the availability of crystal methamphetamine; the demographic profile of users; the perception of the drug among users and within the community; the consequences of regular use for users, their families and the community; education and support and treatment for users, their families and the community; the resource and other implications for the health and law enforcement sectors and any other related matter which arises.
That leave of absence be given to Mr Corbell (Attorney-General) for this sitting.


Knowing that lemon check has been done your banker might have more confidence giving out a car loan.
Few dollars for lemon check will save you from finding things like: flooded car problems, replaced engines (hard to see with naked eye) and professionally repaired car body parts.
Vehicle history report may also qualify you for a car repurchase program which can give you free insurance that worth thousands!
Copyright © 2006-2007 DontHaggle.com. All Rights Reseved.


text: Oct 29, 2018 · If you need assistance with a Fort McClellan exposure claim, the veterans' advocates at Chisholm Chisholm & Kilpatrick LTD may be able to help. We offer free initial case evaluations to see if we may be able to assist. Call 800-544-9144 to speak with a member of our team today. Phone.Elevated levels of PCBs were found in ACHS participants in comparison to the general public. When compared with similar age and race groups reported from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004, PCB levels in Anniston were about three times higher for African-American participants and two times higher for White participants age 40 or older (Pavuk et al., 2014 ... 16 week rad 140 cycle Oct 21, 2021 · Published on October 21, 2021 at 8:04 am CDT. Former Fort McClellan in Anniston. Former Fort McClellan veterans were left out of a class-action settlement over … warrior cat description generator perchance Sep 4, 2013 · More than 170 military bases in the U.S., including Fort McClellan, are designated hazardous waste sites, says the EPA, which tracks nearly 1,600 such sites nationwide. The EPA has not tested Fort McClellan for PCBs. The Army says it is cleaning up munitions, explosives and sites on Fort McClellan where "contaminants" were released. iowa land for sale by county October 25, 2014. Commentary: "It is well-circulated news that between 1935 and 1999, Fort McClellan was a toxic chemical waste dump. Along with being the former home of the U.S. …Department of Environmental Management ("ADEM") for the CDTF incinerator at Fort McClellan. However, ADEM decided that it was not necessary attime for them to issue a permit due to the state of the environmental laws in the mid-1980s. Consequently, the existing CDTF incinerator at Fort McClellan has enjoyed the benefit of theThe EPA's mission is to protect human health and the environment. If you want to know more about possible garrison exposures on specific bases, visit EPA's superfund web pages. Potential Garrison Exposures These exposures may have occurred in garrison or while deployed: Industrial Solvents CARC Paint nysna benefitsThe former Fort McClellan Army Base, which officially closed in 1999, is located in Anniston. Advertisement After eleven years, the McClellan Development Authority has finished part of its clean-up efforts. The group has removed explosives from the property by clearing more than 2,000 acres of land.It's an environmental engineering declaration of burn pit sites at Fort McClellan. The VA refuses to process this record as medical evidence for air pathway exposures. For decades, a VA... cupcakes at walmart bakery Oct 27, 2015 · Until it was shut down by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Fort McClellan Army base in Anniston, Alabama, among its many functions, served as a site for the …facility known as Fort McClellan ("McClellan"), located in the City of Anniston, Calhoun County, Alabama. This Agreement addresses those portions of McClellan transferred to the MDA (including all predecessors) by the Army on or before the date of execution of this Agreement, as modified and more particularly described in Table I.1.2017. 1. 19. ... Figure 4: Consolidation Landfill at Former McClellan Air Force ... Fort Monmouth, New Jersey; Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow.Jan 20, 2023 · Fort McClellan, originally Camp McClellan, is a decommissioned United States Army post located adjacent to the city of Anniston, Alabama.During World War II, it was one of …Location: HIGHWAY 431, FORT MCCLELLAN, AL, 36205-5000 Approximate Property Area: Not Available Other Names: Alternative Site Names Cleanup Status: Site has been Assessed Human Exposures under Control: ... This listing, and all the data on this page, come from EPA's RCRAInfo, which is updated by EPA, states, and tribes as they are able, and ... bill validator sticker Feb 2, 2021 · The EPA currently has over 130 US based military installations and sites listed as Superfund Priorities. Below is a listing of the major military sites by state and the toxins …We have a lot of information posted there. To contact VA Education, 1-888-442-4551, for Voc Rehab VR&E (Veteran Readiness and Employment Program) assistance with appointments or problems with your Case Manager (not for missing payments): 1-202-461-9600. how long does cash app take to deposit US ARMY FORT MCCLELLAN EPA Registry Id: 110002448156 HIGHWAY 21 NORTH ANNISTON, AL 36205 The facility locations displayed come from the FRS Spatial Coordinates tables. They are the best representative locations for the displayed facilities based on the accuracy of the collection method and quality assurance checks performed against each location.The EPA has set a limit of 0.0005 milligrams of PCBs per liter of drinking water (0.0005 mg/L). Discharges, spills or accidental releases of 1 pound or more of PCBs into the environment must be reported to the EPA. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that infant foods, eggs, milk and other dairy products, fish and shellfish, poultry liquidation pallets hagerstown md Veterans who are experiencing health issues that they believe are related to their service while at Fort McClellan should see their primary care provider or local environmental health clinician. There is no VA environmental health registry associated with service at Fort McClellan. Veterans may also file a claim for disability compensation. VA decides these claims on a case-by-case basis.Records of the Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, 1949-63. Records of Dugway Proving Grounds, UT, 1942-46, 1950. Records of the Yuma Test Station, AZ, 1956-57. 175.5 Cartographic Records (General) 1942 Architectural and Engineering Plans: Blueprint designs of gas and chemical bombs, June 1942 (9 items). See Maps Under 175.4.7.Nov 16, 2022 · One Year of Accomplishments Under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law EPA has awarded $5.5 billion under the law so far to modernize the nation's infrastructure, create good-paying jobs, combat the climate crisis, and advance environmental justice, including more than $1 billion for cleanup activities at more than 100 Superfund NPL sites. 54 Fort Mcclellan Premium High Res Photos Browse 54 fort mcclellan stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. stalker codes Aug 19, 2009 · Usa Ft Mcclellan Pelham Range is a superfund site located at Highway 431 South, Fort Mcclellan, AL 36205. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies sites such as Usa Ft Mcclellan Pelham Range because they pose or had once posed a potential risk to human health and/or the environment due to contamination by one or more hazardous wastes. Fort McClellan, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the State of Alabama before the field work begins. After completion of the field work and survey effort, the contractor shall prepare a Final Report, which is a deliverable item and considered complete once the IOC, Fort For the vast majority of its operational lifetime, McClellan was a logistics and maintenance facility for a wide variety of military aircraft, equipment and supplies. Initially known as the Pacific Air Depot and Sacramento Air Depot, in 1939 the base was renamed for Major Hezekiah McClellan, a pioneer in arctic aeronautical tests. youtube pitch changer firefox Stanford UniversityOctober 25, 2014. Commentary: "It is well-circulated news that between 1935 and 1999, Fort McClellan was a toxic chemical waste dump. Along with being the former home of the U.S. …McClellan Air Force Base (AFB) Operable Unit (OU) B1 McClellan AFB, California U.S. EPA ID# CA4570024337 2.0 STATEMENT OF BASIS AND PURPOSE This Interim Record of Decision (ROD) presents the selected interim remedial action for OU B1 at the McClellan AFB Superfund site. The interim action was selected to protect human health fromEligible Veterans are encouraged to please visit https://armymedicine.health.mil/CBTP or call 1-800-984-8523 if they have any questions or need assistance. As a Veteran, you may have been exposed to a range of chemical, physical, and environmental hazards during military service. You may be entitled to disability compensation if these military ...File Your Veterans Disability Claim Today | Hill and Ponton, P.A. Home Free Case Evaluation VA Case Evaluation Estimated Time to Complete: 3 minutes Your Claim Background If you clicked on this page you are probably frustrated, confused and hurting. After all, you are up against the largest bureaucracy that our government has.The EPA's mission is to protect human health and the environment. If you want to know more about possible garrison exposures on specific bases, visit EPA's superfund web pages. Potential Garrison Exposures These exposures may have occurred in garrison or while deployed: Industrial Solvents CARC Paint town of boonton cfo Fotos aeronáuticas y de aeronaves - ¡Mira, busca o carga fotos! Más de 1 000 000 de fotografías... City State DoDAAC EPA ID# DLA Disposition Services Anniston 7 Frankford Avenue, ... Building 1225 3rd Street and 3rd Avenue Fort McClellan AL W31LPY ... why does a virgo man keep coming back Chemicals used on military sites appear to be a major part of the problem. "Water testing done in or near military bases, which isn't yet complete, has already shown that the chemicals spread into public drinking water systems around Willow Grove, Pease, and a third base — Eielson, in Alaska," the report said. Warrington and Warminster ...Though VA admits that high levels of exposure to these compounds can result in significant adverse health effects to humans and laboratory animals, it claims ...WASHINGTON, DC—Congressman Paul D. Tonko today voted to advance H.R. 3967, the Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act or Honoring our PACT Act, which will finally treat toxic exposure as a cost of war by addressing the full range of issues impacting toxic-exposed veterans', and includes Tonko's Fort McClellan Health Registry Act. laars ft boiler Fort McClellan National Guard. For personnel trying to reach the Fort McClellan Army National Guard Training Center (FM-ANGTC), a separate organization not associated with this website, please use following numbers: General Info: 256 -847-4107. Plans, Operations, Training, and Security Div (Classes/Units): 256-847-4529.Fort McClellan is the former home of the U.S. Army Military Police and U.S. Army Chemical Schools. Located in Anniston, Ala., it was one of the largest training posts the Army had to offer before the Environmental Protection Agency closed the fort down in 1999.Diseases and health issues which may be related to exposure to hazardous chemicals at military bases. Exposure to toxic chemicals can produce immediate effects that include headaches, rashes, allergies, nausea, dizziness, neurological problems, difficulty swallowing and breathing, and concentration and memory problems.Fort McClellan, AL (Alabama) *Note: Fort McClellan closed in 1999 Fort McClellan is an army base with a proud, fascinating history dating back to the war between the Spaniards and the Americans. The army bases roots proved advantageous during World War I and sowed even more fruit when World War II came. Where it is autumn reeser sex scene This bill requires the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to establish and maintain the Fort McClellan Health Registry, which must include a list of names of those who were stationed at Fort McClellan, Alabama, between January 1, 1935, and May 20, 1999, and are seeking specified health care or benefits from the VA.Stanford UniversityFort McClellan's Army Chemical School Except for a brief period in 1980 when it was briefly transferred to Aberdeen, Maryland, the Army Chemical School remained on Fort McClellan until 1999. At the Army Chemical School, students learn about chemical warfare, various herbicides, and radioactive materials in preparation for combat.Fort McClellan, originally Camp McClellan, is a decommissioned United States Army post located adjacent to the city of Anniston, Alabama. During World War II, it was one of the largest U.S. Army installations, training an estimated half-million troops. cool math games tiny fishing May 12, 2017 · EPA Superfund Record of Decision: McClellan Air Force Base (Ground Water Contamination) OU 2 Sacramento, CA 09/03/1993. INSTALLATION RESTORATION …The former Fort McClellan Army Base, which officially closed in 1999, is located in Anniston. Advertisement After eleven years, the McClellan Development Authority has finished part of its clean-up efforts. The group has removed explosives from the property by clearing more than 2,000 acres of land. Jul 20, 2021 · You will read the actual verifiable court cases and the H.R.2622 - Fort McClellan Health Registry Act that was put in congress June 2nd 2015 and still our government has done … bakers square He has 400-hours in MOPP 1-4, 72-hours of flight time as a helicopter aerial spray officer-in-charge (OIC), over 36 static line jumps, over 20 rappels from rotary wings, 32-hrs in live-agent toxic... alexis ware body found According to the EPA, there was a groundwater well located only 1,320 feet ... The groundwater at Fort McClellan is also contaminated and veterans used the ...Fort McClellan is located in Anniston AL and was built to help Army activities. It was home to a couple of different establishments: Military Police Corps and Chemical Corps. During World War Two, it was considered one of the largest US Army Installations training nearly half-million troops. For McClellan was first named as Camp Shipp […]Veterans who are experiencing health issues that they believe are related to their service while at Fort McClellan should see their primary care provider or local environmental health clinician. There is no VA environmental health registry associated with service at Fort McClellan. Veterans may also file a claim for disability compensation.Fort McClellan, AL (Alabama) *Note: Fort McClellan closed in 1999 Fort McClellan is an army base with a proud, fascinating history dating back to the war between the Spaniards and the Americans. The army bases roots proved advantageous during World War I and sowed even more fruit when World War II came. Where it is aita for forcing my roommate to miss her final exams that she spent 2 years studying for This bill requires the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to establish and maintain the Fort McClellan Health Registry, which must include a list of names of those who were stationed at Fort McClellan, Alabama, between January 1, 1935, and May 20, 1999, and are seeking specified health care or benefits from the VA.Fort McClellan, located in Anniston, Alabama, became an Army installation in 1917, during World. War I. After World War II until the based closed in 1999, ...EPA lists 130 military installations as Superfund sites, including the Contaminants of Concern (COC's) with a hyperlink to the health effects of exposure. According to EPA, "COC's are the chemical substances found at the site that the EPA has determined pose an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment.2021. 3. 26. ... Wayne Cascio a couple of attempts were made with no reply, and then a bum steer was made to EPA Region 4 Atlanta who has also not replied.Jul 20, 2021 · You will read the actual verifiable court cases and the H.R.2622 - Fort McClellan Health Registry Act that was put in congress June 2nd 2015 … sig ep initiation Fort McClellan, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the State of Alabama before the field work begins. After completion of the field work and survey effort, the contractor shall prepare a Final Report, which is a deliverable item and considered complete once the IOC, Fort handmade knives made in usa Northrop Grumman is currently seeking a HVAC Mechanic 4 to join our team at our Promontory facility in Promontory, Utah. The HVAC technician installs, services, modifies, rebuilds, and repairs air-conditioning and refrigeration systems and equipment in an industrial or commercial establishment in accordance with applicable building codes and ...Address: 5th floor, Bombay Mutual Annexe, Gunbow Street, Opp. Residancy Hotel, Off. D. N. Road, Fort, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400001 Contact Us Email: [email protected], [email protected] (for CNE) बातम्या आणि ठळक मुद्दे News & Highlights . For Renewal / Readmission of Reciprocal Registration, the ... bernese mountain dog breeders kentucky Chemical Weapons school for the United States Army. In 1953, Fort McClellan conducted "Operation Top Hat" which used military personnel to test exposure and decontamination methods that included sulfur mustard and nerve agents and in 1962, Fort McClellan added the Biological Radiological Agency. From 1929 to 1971, a Monsanto chemical plant ...To obtain a Universal EPA certification, pass the universal test that contains 100 questions, which include 25 general questions and 75 equally split among the three sectors, Type I, Type II and Type III. With the universal EPA certificatio... vw gps maps downloadAirplane Photos & Aviation Photos - View, Search, or Upload Photos! Over 1,000,000 picturesFeb 14, 2017 · The former McClellan Air Force Base was closed under the Base Realignment and Closure Act in 1995 and operations stopped in 2001. The former Air Force base was …A big boom could be heard over Northeast Alabama this morning, which signaled the end of the first phase of major clean-up efforts at an old Army base. The former Fort McClellan Army Base, which officially closed in 1999, is located in Anniston. Advertisement chevy 350 dies when accelerating US ARMY FORT MCCLELLAN EPA Registry Id: 110002448156 HIGHWAY 21 NORTH ANNISTON, AL 36205: The facility locations displayed come from the FRS Spatial Coordinates …WASHINGTON, DC—Congressman Paul D. Tonko today voted to advance H.R. 3967, the Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act or Honoring our PACT Act, which will finally treat toxic exposure as a cost of war by addressing the full range of issues impacting toxic-exposed veterans', and includes Tonko's Fort McClellan Health Registry Act.Historic California Posts, Camps, Stations and Airfields Fort Ord (Camp Gigling, Camp Ord, Camp Clayton) Fort Ord operated as a permanent installation of Headquarters, Department of the Army, Forces Command. The primary mission of Fort Ord was to train troops. It provided command, administration, and logistical support and other functions. st louis crime rate The EPA's mission is to protect human health and the environment. If you want to know more about possible garrison exposures on specific bases, visit EPA's superfund web pages. Potential Garrison Exposures These exposures may have occurred in garrison or while deployed: Industrial Solvents CARC Paint May 2, 2019 - Explore Dale O's board "Fort McClellan, AL", followed by 135 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about military police, army day, military police army.Access your Fort McClellan Credit Union accounts when and where you want right in the palm of your hand. It's fast, secure and free, anytime, anywhere. You have access to check your balances, transfer money when you are on the go? Features: Check your account balances Review recent transactions Transfer fund between your accounts do colleges look at reddit 1996. 6. 14. ... The Army also proposes to relocate the 142nd Explosive Ordnance Detachment (EOD) from Fort McClellan, Alabama, to ANAD, pursuant to another ...Former McClellan AFB news and information. ... Award accepted by AFCEC from EPA for their efforts at the former McClellan Air Force Base ...Our employees are not only part of history, they're making history. Northrop Grumman is currently seeking a HVAC Mechanic 4 to join our team at our Promontory facility in Promontory, Utah. …Hundreds of thousands of U.S. servicemen and servicewomen who were stationed at Fort McClellan, Alabama from 1935-1999, were exposed to chemical poisoning on the base itself from military sources and also by Monsanto Chemical. The 20,000 residents of Anniston, Alabama sued Monsanto in a class action lawsuit and were awarded $700 million dollars. 4movie rulz May 21, 2019 · FORT MCCLELLAN ALABAMA . Prepared by . CHISHOLM CHISHOLM & KILPATRICK LTD . August 25, 2013 . 2 . The following report provides a per chemical …The City of Fort McClellan is located in Calhoun County in the State of Alabama. Find directions to Fort McClellan, browse local businesses, landmarks, get current traffic estimates, road conditions, and more. The Fort McClellan time zone is Central Daylight Time which is 6 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). poki games basketball Oct 29, 2018 · If you need assistance with a Fort McClellan exposure claim, the veterans' advocates at Chisholm Chisholm & Kilpatrick LTD may be able to help. We offer free initial case evaluations to see if we may be able to assist. Call 800-544-9144 to speak with a member of our team today. Phone. portola paints McClellan Air Force Base (AFB) Operable Unit (OU) B1 McClellan AFB, California U.S. EPA ID# CA4570024337 2.0 STATEMENT OF BASIS AND PURPOSE This Interim Record of Decision (ROD) presents the selected interim remedial action for OU B1 at the McClellan AFB Superfund site. The interim action was selected to protect human health fromHundreds of thousands of U.S. servicemen and servicewomen who were stationed at Fort McClellan, Alabama from 1935-1999, were exposed to chemical poisoning on the base itself from military sources and also by Monsanto Chemical. The 20,000 residents of Anniston, Alabama sued Monsanto in a class action lawsuit and were awarded $700 million dollars. costco fireplace This is a collection of 128 maps generated by the U.S. Department of Defense from 1943 to 2003. They are at a scale of 1:50,000 and are products of the Army Map Service, the Defense Mapping Agency, and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. These maps are courtesy of the Geological Survey of Alabama.Shown Here: Introduced in House (04/22/2021) Fort McClellan Health Registry Act. This bill requires the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to establish and maintain the Fort McClellan Health Registry , which must include a list of names of those who were stationed at Fort McClellan , Alabama, between January 1, 1935, and May 20, 1999, and are seeking . 2012 jetta under hood fuse box diagram Mar 8, 2016 · Fort McClellan was an Army installation in Alabama that opened in 1917. It was also the storied home to the Army Chemical School, the only military facility in the U.S. where live chemical weapons training occurred as part of the …EPA RCRA ID: AL8213700000 Location: HIGHWAY 431, FORT MCCLELLAN, AL, 36205-5000 Approximate Property Area: Not Available Other Names: Alternative Site Names Cleanup Status: Site has been Assessed Human Exposures under Control: Yes, Controlled Groundwater under Control: Yes, ControlledChemical Weapons school for the United States Army. In 1953, Fort McClellan conducted "Operation Top Hat" which used military personnel to test exposure and decontamination methods that included sulfur mustard and nerve agents and in 1962, Fort McClellan added the Biological Radiological Agency. From 1929 to 1971, a Monsanto chemical plant ...Fort McClellan (named Camp McClellan until 1929) was used as an Army training and mobilization center. Later, the base became a demobilization station and chemical warfare training ground. The research conducted at Fort McClellan was on some of the most volatile compounds ever used by the military. craigslist woodworking tools for sale Information about potential exposure to hazardous materials at Fort McClellan, possible health-related problems and VA benefits. Potential Exposure at Fort McClellan - Public Health Apply for and manage the VA benefits and services you've earned as a Veteran, Servicemember, or family member—like health care, disability, education, and more.City / State / ZIP: ANNISTON, AL 36205-5000 ; NPL Status: Not on the NPL ; Non-NPL Status: Deferred to RCRA (Subtitle C) ; EPA ID: AL4210020562 ; EPA Region: 04.That lack of awareness of possibly 700,000+ veterans, military families and descendants of environmental contaminants and toxic exposure while at Ft. McClellan, more than likely contributed to organ damage, system disruptions in the body, cell mutation, chronic disease, cancer and possibly harmed the development of children.Oct 25, 2014 · Ft. McClellan Military Base Poisoned with Monsanto's Chemicals In recent years, Veterans have started blowing the whistle on Monsanto, as the company is responsible for the mass poisoning of service members at the site. Skip to content Logo General Health General Health Recent Posts – General Health General Health Popular maxxforce engine problems semspub.epa.govJan 12, 2017 · WASHINGTON – Sue Frasier spent the first six months of her military career at Alabama's Fort McClellan. But that short stint -- 44 years ago at an Army base the EPA later would find so toxic it ...ANNISTON, ALABAMA, USA, January 8, 2022 / EINPresswire.com / -- An organized group of military service medical patients from the former Army base known as Fort McClellan, Alabama has been working for several years now to establish their VA disability benefits based the evolution of compiled source papers they are holding to evidence their cause.semspub.epa.gov tiger maker app jpay McClellan Today. The Aerospace Museum of California is an aviation museum located in North Highlands, California on the grounds of the former McClellan Air Force Base. Download HiRes. 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Home World Finance Increase irrigation points, World Bank advises government
Increase irrigation points, World Bank advises government
The World Bank has made four key recommendations it says will help improve Uganda's agricultural sector that is staggering to register growth.
The recommendations which are part of the reports released recently by the World Bank include improvement of quality of inputs and transferring quality knowledge to farmers, increasing availability of irrigation so that less of the country is dependent on rain for agriculture.
Others are that government and development partners ensuring that measures are undertaken for farmers to have better access to markets in order to get better prices for their goods, and ensuring regulation, supporting appropriate research and extension services.
The report released on Tuesday at the launch of the 12th Uganda Economic Update at Gulu Country Diary Farm indicates that despite the country's growing economy, the agricultural sector has been performing poorly.
According to the report, Uganda's GDP has rebounded strongly to 6.1 per cent in Financial Year 2017/2018, from 3.9 per cent the previous year.
Mr Antony Thompson, the World Bank Country Manager, said the agricultural growth on average for the past 15 to 20 years has been running at 2.5 per cent per annum compared to population growth which is at 3 per cent per annum.
"When you compare Uganda to other countries, the agricultural sector in those countries is developing much faster, we see that this is pointing to a problem; Ugand's agriculture is not fulfilling its potential,"
Mr Thompson said the World Bank key recommendations if implemented will in the long run turn around the agriculture sector and make it more profitable to the more than 70 per cent people it employs.
"We shall actually see huge potential to boost growth in agricultural sector in a more sustained way. Given that Uganda agriculture is characterised by small farmers, this means that the ordinary Ugandans with small farms will be the beneficiaries of this kind of investment," Mr Thompson said.
The Minister for Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Mr Vincent Bamulangaki Sempijja, who presided over the launch of the report, acknowledged that the country's agricultural sector is not performing well but said government is doing its best including increasing funding to improve the sector.
Government plans
Mr Sempijja pointed to climate change as one of the challenges that is affecting the sector. To fight this, he said, government is planning to increase irrigation points for farmers next year.
He, however, noted that for agriculture to be viable, farmers ought to add value to their crops to earn more money.
The former Gulu University Vice Chancellor, Prof Jack Nyeko Pen-mogi, said poverty in the north is attributed to the growth of crops that do not have market values.
A World Bank report released early this year also indicated that Uganda loses between 4 and 12 per cent of GDP due to inefficiencies in the agricultural sector.
"If the region is to progress, farmers should move away from growing of cereals such as maize, sorghum to perennial crops like coffee and vegetables," he said.
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