Name: Name: George Frederick Ashton.
It is difficult to say exactly when I had first become interested in motorcycles and met with people who rode them on the road or on the Brands Hatch circuit in Kent but it would have been around 1958/1959. Through this group I got to know a 50cc racer called Vic Dedden, who raced a bike called a Demm Dik Dik and I became his spanner man and goffer. Vic had been racing for a few years and was well known in the 50cc circles, also he was prepared to spend time and show an interest in me.
My first 50cc bike was an ITOM acquired in 1959. I was helping Vic during the year, which was 1960, and one of the races was in Norfolk, After going to this race, which was at the Snetterton race circuit, and helping Vic in the pits along with watching the race, which was the "Chiltern Enduro", organised by the Chiltern 50 Racing Club. I came home and stripped my ITOM down to a racer spec and that was the start of my racing.
I have only owned 2 bikes myself, the ITOM, as above and my Honda CR110. The Honda CR110 which was supplied by none other than Richard Wyler (the man from Interpol ) himself. This was because when Honda imported the first batch of CR110 racers, I was not considered a good enough rider, at the time, to get one from that batch, so he got one for me. At that time it cost me £214.00 pounds (GB). A lot of money at the time.
I have ridden a number of bikes belonging to sponsors and friends. For example the Agrati Garelli and the Woolley-Bone ITOM. In 1969 I asked Des Bone if I could ride his ITOM, this was before the W-B ITOM was created and you can see what happened later on.
The only unique alteration made, to the HONDA, was after the main bearing gave out at the I.O.M TT. I made a carrier to take a cage roller bearing, it was a Ransom & Marbles number XXLRJ 20. I will never forget the number because after that the bike would rev to well over 18,000 when needed and that was quite often because I weighed 9 stone 4 pounds and was 5ft 8 inches tall, quite big for a 50cc racer in those days.
I never carried out any tuning because I considered that the Honda designers were far far better at that than me so I just concentrated on learning how to get the best out of riding the bike in the smoothest possible way (to get the best out of the 50cc engine). Considering my size and studying the streamlining approaches on other bikes, I put a lot of time into developing the fairing and received a lot of help from Bill Roberts, who had a fibreglass moulding business down in Kent. Bill had made fairings, seats and tanks for the ITOMS and was only too pleased to help me.
All my many memories of 50 racing are great, the hardest race I ever had was when I beat Charlie Mates to win my first British championship in 1965. Charlie was on his HONDA and I was on my HONDA CR110 and HELL! me and Charlie went at it for 10 laps at Brands Hatch and I can tell you that my Honda CR110 was prepared by myself and I was very PROUD of this as by winning that race I won no only the ACU GOLD STAR in the first year it was presented but also the Brands Hatch Championship.
Yes, I also owned and raced a 125cc Bultaco and was fortunate to ride the ex Bill Ivy, Chisholm Honda. This was also based on the CB92 road bike with the race kit and some special other work done by the Chisholm brothers.
1. When and why did you first become interested in racing 50cc motorcycles?
2. When and from whom did you acquire your first racing 50cc. (please supply make, year, and any previous history if any)?
5. Detail any tuning approaches you might have used and how successful.
6. What memories do you have of the early racing 50's scene plus any achievements and successes.
7. Have you been involved with any other class of racing motorcycles or competitive motorcycling?
8. Who, if any one has been the biggest influence in your racing career, or the racing 50 scene in general?
9. In your opinion what is the best piece of advice you have ever been given and by whom?
The biggest influence in my racing career was Dave Simmonds, he was a terrific person, a great rider who always got the best out of any bike he road and he was a great friend. We had some great times when racing at the Grand Prix's together. He was and is greatly missed.
Best advice ever given was by Mike Hailwood, he told me "IF" I didn't fall off I could be fast enough to win, (and he was right) . Thanks Mike.
10. What piece of advice or tuning tip if any would you like to pass on to fellow members?
Tuning tips, as I said before I think the designers and makers of RACING bikes are far cleverer than me, my tip is rebuild your engine as the man who invented it would build it himself, BUT always be 100% on torque settings on small engines as I found this makes a lot of difference.
All would have been OK but there was a concrete post lying, part buried, in the earth bank and that put a great dent in the wheel rim. I ended up on the ground with the wheel so badly damaged I had to retire from the race and so ended our racing debut, a disaster!!.
Here is a short story that JEEP reminded me of: A few weeks before the Darley Moor September 1st 1969 meeting I made a phone call to Des Bone asking if I could ride his latest ITOM at the meeting as I had fallen out with Agrati (the Garelli importers). He said that as he already had a rider, John Foot and said that I would have to ask John.
I was very glad to hear Des say that because that was the reason I had fallen out with Agrati. They had let Stuart Aspin ride my bike in the Irish Grand Prix without asking if I minded. After the conversation with Agrati I ended up saying "let Stuart ride the bike and I will go and ride another bike which I will source from elsewhere". I then went on to say to Des that his lTOM was the only bike I had had trouble in keeping in front of and I said I had already asked John Foot, and John had said yes I could as long as Des agreed, so that is how I came to be riding Des's bike at that meeting.
Anyway we turned up at Darley, I had never ridden the bike before. Practice went fine and I was very pleased with the bike, but when I came to the drop of the flag, for some reason it would not start (I think I had flipped the battery switch off).
Anyhow, I was last off the grid and into the first corner, but by the time I got to the hairpin I was in the lead, I had gone from last to first in half a lap unfortunately I was carrying too much speed going into the hairpin and ran onto the bank on the way out.
This page is based on the Question and Answer column that I used to run in the "Small Torque" magazine for the Racing 50 Enthusiast Club it also includes pictures and cuttings from Georges scrap books and my archives..
Charlie Mates riding the CB92 125cc Honda twin at the Hutchinson 100 on the Silverstone circuit 1961.
A short story about George from Des Bone.
"Hi Jeep I've just got time for a little story. George Ashton had been racing the W.B. Special for about a year (1970) winning every race except for two DNF's when he entered a race at Lydden in Kent.
On the way down he had a stone break the windscreen on his Mini Cooper 'S' in Dagenham. He had trouble getting it replaced, as being a Sunday most repairers were closed in those day's and by the time he had got it repaired and got to Lydden he was too late for the 50cc practice.
The clerk of the course said not to worry as there were two others that had missed their practice sessions, a 350cc Aermacchi and a 125cc Montesa and that the marshals and ambulance would stay on station at the end of practice while they completed their three qualifying laps so they could race in the afternoon. He also said that George could go out with them. So off they went, the Aermacchi, the Montesa,and then George bringing up the rear, but after three laps George came in followed by the 350cc Aermacchi with the 125 cc Montesa last.
The rider of the Aermacchi came over to George in the paddock and looking at the W.B.50 said that he could not believe its speed when it had past him on the track and just stood there staring at the bike shaking his head.
Needless to say George won the first 50cc race but in the second race he was leading the first lap when the con-rod let go & wrecked the engine, George said he had never known an engine stop so quickly, one moment it was doing 16,000 rpm in fifth gear, just about to change up and a split second later he was getting up off the ground, never having time to touch the clutch lever.
Editors note: 1965 saw the institution of a 50cc Star, and George Ashton achieved immortality by becoming the first winner of it. The class has come a long way in 10 years, remember the Britax 50cc racer, with its top speed of about, let me not be unkind, 50 mph? George is one of the youngest Star winners, SMB Hailwood excepted, being only 21 at the time. It will be interesting to see if he can hold on to his crown this year.
George Ashton seems to fit his motorcycle a little better. Perhaps it is because he is tall and his machine is one of the diminutive 50cc Honda production racers.
On Saturday 14 April 1962, all the leading lights of British 50cc motorcycle racing, including George Ashton, were at the first race meeting held on a banked track since The Brooklands racing circuit closed after the outbreak of World War Two; this was staged at the Gosling Stadium (normally a cycling venue), Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. Organised by the Racing 50 MotorCycle Club, the cold weather and lack of prior publicity might have kept the number of spectators down, but there was certainly nothing below par about the standard of racing, which was deemed as first class.
In almost echelon formation, four 50cc riders dice round the embankment in race positions 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th. On the inside is V Wijeraine (No. 19) with John King (No. 15) George Ashton (No 23) and P Sharland (No. 16) leaning on him at the Gosling Stadium ..
More memories from George's scrap books and Jeeps files.
It is an unfortunate reality that in a sport of speed, where the dangers are on the edge, you might lose a friend. Brian Cockell was such a friend who when trying a different aspect of the sport, passed his own chequered flag at the 1964 Isle of Man Sidecar TT. Brian was an active member of the Racing 50 Club and a very good competitor. He was a great friend of Ian Ager, a person with whom, in friendship, I still have contact.
Brands Hatch 1963 and George has his first 'off' riding the 50cc ITOM. The tyres and road had a disagreement at the Druids Hairpin and he gave a typical leg signal.
Same year, same track, same bike but much better outcome.
George Ashton on his 50cc ITOM at Crystal Palace in 1964. The Palace was a good track but classed by some as dangerous, I (the Editor) still remember the wall, but it was fun to ride.
CRYSTAL PALACE: In 1937 the average speed for the track was about 56.5mph. Average speeds continued to rise over the years, with the first 100mph (161km/h) lap average set in 1970 by that year's Formula One world champion, Jochen Rindt . Also in 1970, the injunction limiting race days expired and racing was increased to 14 days a year. However, driver safety was coming into focus in the early seventies and it became clear that racing around a park at 100mph (161km/h) was not safe. Expensive improvements were undertaken, but it was not enough to save the circuit. The last International meeting was in May 1972, the final lap record going to Mike Hailwood at an average speed of 103.39mph (166.39km/h). The final meeting was held on 23 September 1972, but club events still continued until the circuit's final closure in 1974.
furiously fast, despite the narrow and sinuous nature of the layout. All the walls and buildings are long gone, but despite the council's efforts, the great thing is that the trace of both of the track's layouts are still both there. A combination of new access roads, repaved paths and original tarmac still keep the spirit of Crystal Palace alive.
George Ashton on the 125cc BULTACO.
The Itom Has A Special Place In The Hearts Of 1950'S Racing Fans, As Mike Hailwood'S First Trophy Was At Blandford On 10 June 1957 For His 3Rd Place Finish On A 50Cc Itom.
Editor: Well this ends the first page using Georges' own words, some of mine and some from the media. The pictures are from the same source and if I have used some pictures that the copyright holder objects to, please let me know. I hope you all enjoy the read and will look forward to the next instalment from Georges' scarp-books.
Out of interest, Charlie Mates bike was being tuned by none other than STEVE LANCEFIELD one of the best tuners of the day and so I felt double proud. In that race and we raced for 10 laps of Brands Hatch, Grand Prix circuit and were never any further apart than shown in the photo. It was a fantastic race I will never forget and I have re-lived that race hundreds of times in my mind .... Even now at the age of 73, it still gets me nervous. , Charlie was a great rider, a great friend and also my Best Man when I got married.


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Q: AJAX Pages - How to use #home etc I'm trying to make AJAX pages using the post from Tutorialzine.
This script makes pages appear using AJAX. The problem is that the script works with numbers, example: http://example.com/#page1, http://example.com/#page2 etc..
How to make this script so it doesn't need the #page1 or #page2 in the URL, but #home etc..
Sorry if I explained this wrong, English isn't my native language and it's hard for me to explain.
index.html

Page 1

Page 2

Page 3

Page 4

script.js
var default_content="";

$(document).ready(function(){

    checkURL();
    $('ul li a').click(function (e){

            checkURL(this.hash);

    });

    //filling in the default content
    default_content = $('#pageContent').html();

    setInterval("checkURL()",250);

});

var lasturl="";

function checkURL(hash)
{
    if(!hash) hash=window.location.hash;

    if(hash != lasturl)
    {
        lasturl=hash;

        // FIX - if we've used the history buttons to return to the homepage,
        // fill the pageContent with the default_content

        if(hash=="")
        $('#pageContent').html(default_content);

        else
        loadPage(hash);
    }
}

function loadPage(url)
{
    url=url.replace('#page','');

    $('#loading').css('visibility','visible');

    $.ajax({
        type: "POST",
        url: "load_page.php",
        data: 'page='+url,
        dataType: "html",
        success: function(msg){

            if(parseInt(msg)!=0)
            {
                $('#pageContent').html(msg);
                $('#loading').css('visibility','hidden');
            }
        }

    });

}

load_page.php
<?php

if(!$_POST['page']) die("0");

$page = (int)$_POST['page'];

if(file_exists('pages/page_'.$page.'.html'))
echo file_get_contents('pages/page_'.$page.'.html');

else echo 'There is no such page!';
?>

A: You have to do 4 small changes
1) instead url=url.replace('#page','');  use url=url.replace('#',''); so the output in case of #page1 will be page1 or #home -> home pas that url to ajax in same way as it now and make ajax to your load_page.php
2) rename all your page_1.html html files to pages/page_home.html
3) change your Page 1 links to Page 1
4) change $page = (int)$_POST['page']; in load_page.php to $page = $_POST['page'];
so it mean according to your hash #some_name you should have page_some_name.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Cybersecurity is termed as the immunity of Internet-connected systems and physical security implemented by organizations in order to protect against unauthorized ingress to data centers by harmful malicious programs. Ransomware is one of the biggest threats to our digital properties that lock a user out of the computer to a particular sum of money is paid to the attacker. To prevent such a type of an attack, the operating system should be patched and updated.
Online ad-fraud is another type of attack where the perpetrator tricks advertisers by making them pay for something which is merely useless like false leads or misrepresented ad placement. To prevent from falling into such traps, an advertiser is to use whitelists and blacklists. Whitelists consist of the lists of domains that are to be explicitly targeted. And an actively managed is an excellent way to block low-quality sites from campaigns.
Phishing schemes are another major threat that many people get victimized in today's time. A user clicks on links that may seem harmless, but it can lead to many security breaches. Installing an anti-phishing toolbar is also recommended as it checks on the sites that a user is visiting and informs of anything suspicious.
SQL injection attack is another threat which is a programming language that is used to communicate with databases. Various servers store essential data for services and websites and use SQL to arrange the data in the databases. An SQL injection attack targets these servers and using the harmful code, gets the server to disclose vital information. A web application firewall is a good remedy to filter out malicious data, and a patch management solution can also prove to be a good investment.


text:
Cops Release Bodycam Footage In Shooting Of Unarmed Teen
|In Bored, COPS, SHOOTING, VIDEO
Another fatal police shooting from last month is getting attention, and the police department involved released body camera video footage from the incident Wednesday, the Fresno Bee reports. Dylan Noble, 19, was killed in Fresno, Calif., on June 25 after police responded to a 911 call about a man walking around with a rifle.
While in the area, officers pulled over Noble's pickup; they say Noble was "peeling out" and continued to drive after they signaled him to stop. After pulling into a gas station, Noble got out of his truck and walked toward the officers. The video shows him repeatedly ignoring officers' commands to stop and to show both his hands. Officers believed Noble, who repeatedly reached toward his waistband, was armed; they ultimately shot him twice after he yelled "I [expletive] hate my life" and continued toward them. After "pleading" with him to show both hands, officers shot him two more times while he was already on the ground.
It was ultimately determined that what Noble had in his hand was a 4-inch-by-4-inch piece of clear plastic with something resembling gray clay inside; the Department of Justice is analyzing it. Fresno Police Chief Jerry Dyer says the department is investigating and that he will focus on whether the third and fourth shots were "absolutely necessary." As the Washington Post reports, soon after Noble's death, people pointed out on social media that the shooting wasn't getting as much attention as the deaths of Alton Sterling and Philando Castile, presumably because Noble was white. (At a vigil the day after his death, there were Confederate flags and a "White Lives Matter" sign present.) Now Noble's father tells the Guardian the new video shows police were "trigger-happy," and his mother has started the process of suing the city, the Bee reports. In addition to the internal investigation and the DOJ, the county DA's office and the FBI are also investigating.
Warning: Graphic Videos
Source I Am Bored
HOW TO GET OUT OF A SPEEDING TICKET, ACCORDING TO COPS
Can Earth Be Destroyed By One Of These Space Events?
Dude Breaks Into Ex-GF's Apartment, Gets Hit In The Face Wit...
Man Films Tornado That Kills His Wife, Neighbor
7 Real People Who Survived Horror Movie Situations
'WIFE SWAP' FAMILY SON KILLS MOTHER, BROTHER ... Attempts Su...
Bodycam california COPS Death Dylan Noble Fresno shooting
Draculya
I'd have shot him

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Yes, I offer wholesale pricing for shops and galleries. Please fill out this form and include a link to your business so we can connect!
Thanks for your inquiry about wholesale opportunities. I'll be in touch with you soon!


The #Porsche Collection in the alleys of Vegueta.
Being mobile has long since been about much more than being able to jump into your own sports car whenever you feel like it. Today, our mobility connects us with the entire world – and our affinity with speed reflects our lifestyle. We can share our favourite moments not only with the people we encounter in person on the vibrant streets of the old town but also, thanks to digital technology, with all our followers. With the subtly branded prints from the new #Porsche Collection, we can take our passion for innovation and uncompromising sportiness with us on our outing – even if we've left our sports car parked on the curb.


Bhit Shah invites very few tourists to its land. This city is connected to many popular cities of Pakistan. Bhit Shah has a limited number of tourist attractions which one can visit. Below is the list of tourist cities which one can visit from Bhit Shah, the distance between cities and time taken to travel from Bhit Shah to other cities. Total population of Bhit Shah is 19325. Add Bhit Shah to your travel plan and view the virtual travel map being create on the right. Read some authentic reviews of Bhit Shah and also share you experience of your stay.
Many cities are accessible from Bhit Shah. We have selected the most popular tourist cities that you can visit after Bhit Shah. Based on number of days in hand for vacation these cities have been listed and can be added to your travel itinerary by selecting "Add to Trip" displayed on the right of each city name.


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Effort to Clean River Begins on Lawns
Reprinted from the Tideland News
CEDAR POINT — After months of planning, the N.C. Coastal Federation has begun work with the town of Cedar Point and East Carolina University on a project to reduce the flow of stormwater runoff from neighborhoods into the impaired White Oak River.
Lauren Kolodij
The project, which focuses on common-sense, low-cost measures, is literally at the grassroots, or at least grass-blades level: A major effort is to get homeowners to redirect gutter downspouts away from driveways that lead to streets and instead to direct the flow into lawns or rain gardens.
Lauren Kolodij, the federation's assistant director, said her group will buy and install the needed equipment for homeowners willing to participate. And in many cases, it's really simple: A $7, plastic downspout extender, available in many hardware departments, will do the trick, and do it well.
Studies by N.C. State University have shown that using the extensions, which direct rain from gutters to vegetated areas instead of to driveways, patios and other hard surfaces, can reduce stormwater runoff from properties by at least 50 percent, and sometimes by as much as 90 percent, Kolodij said. And bacteria- and pollution-laden stormwater, as a previous federation-funded study showed, is by far the major reason why large portions of the White Oak are considered by EPA to be impaired for shellfish growing.
Kolodij said the work done this summer has included neighborhood field surveys, some of which have already been completed, and monitoring done by an ECU team that includes professors Eban Bean and Charles Humphrey. Bean is in the Department of Engineering and is a scientist in the school's Institute for Coastal Science and Policy. Humphrey is in the Department of Health Education and Promotion and specializes in water quality.
The project is funded largely by a $272,000 EPA grant awarded to the federation.
Harvesting oysters and clams is prohibited in much of the lower White Oak River because of bacterial contamination. Photo: N.C. Coastal Federation
Going Door to Door
The initial focus has been the Marsh Harbor residential subdivision off N.C. 24. Water from that area drains to Boathouse Creek, which flows into White Oak River. The project is also going to take a look at Ocean Spray, an older neighborhood farther up the creek.
Rain gardens are effective, attractive and low-cost way to reduce the flow of stormwater runoff. Photo: N.C. Coastal Federation
Federation staff members walked the neighborhood earlier this summer, going door to door to look at the downspouts and other stormwater management features and talking to property owners. They found at least 30 downspouts that discharged water onto driveways.
The next step, Kolodij explained, is to talk to those property owners to see if they would be willing to make the improvements. They will also have the opportunity get rain barrels, which store rain water for use on plants and lawns.
Federation and ECU staffers also noticed during their field surveys that the street-side swale system, intended to drain the roads, is inadequate in many places. The federation will get engineers involved in the project to see if there are simple solutions to that problem. It's possible that the same type of vegetation that's used in constructed wetlands could be used in the swales to take up some of the water.
Kolodij stressed that none of this implies that property owners have been doing anything wrong; it's just an opportunity to help them do things better.
"Over the years, we have altered the landscape and modified the hydrology, and to clean up the river, we've got to get back as close as possible to where we were before we did that," Kolodij said.
Long-term Effort
The federation's latest work in Cedar Point is part of an effort that started in 2006 to restore portions of the lower White Oak River. A study the nonprofit group did that year found very high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in four watersheds near Cedar Point. In the most extensive bacteria testing ever done on the river, more than 200 water samples were drawn from almost 70 scattered sites. Eighty-nine percent exceeded the federal health standard for shellfish waters. Of the 113 samples taken from the largest watershed, Boathouse Creek, all but three exceeded the standard.
Turning a downspout from a paved surface like a driveway to a lawn or other vegetated area is a simple way to reduce the flow of runoff. Photo: N.C. Coastal Federation
Cumulatively, runoff discharges in the White Oak watershed are impairing more than 2,200 acres, or almost two-thirds of the designated shellfishing waters of the lower White Oak River.
The study outlined a series of voluntary steps that could be taken to reduce the flow of stormwater into the river. They included reworking existing storm water drainage ditches to allow more runoff to soak into the ground before it reaches the river, educating people about the effects of stormwater and how to prevent their pets from contributing to bacteria pollution and allowing developers to use more innovative techniques to control runoff.
Kolodij noted that the town has been an enthusiastic partner in the effort to improve water quality. Cedar Point has even encouraged low-impact development, or LID, by posting an LID manual, developed by the federation, on its website.
The goal of the project is to do enough effective work to eventually eliminate an estimated 55,000 gallons of runoff from what is referred to as a one-year storm, which is defined as the worst storm expected in a given year, or about 3.5 inches of rain over a 24-hour period.
While the actual removal of the runoff is important, so is the monitoring by ECU, Kolodij said. "Without monitoring before and after the project – determining the volumes of runoff before and after the changes – you don't really quantify the impacts," she said. "It's important to see what works best and to be able to tell people what they can do to have the most impact."
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Anthology of Clayton View
Offers Assisted Living, Independent Living, and Memory Care
8825 Eager Rd.
K. F. 2021-01-08 My father-in-law has moved into Anthology of Clayton View. He has been there for about a month now. It's very nice. The staff seems to be very attentive. So far, he is pretty happy. He got a studio plus. They also have a 1-bedroom there. They have a variety of rooms. They have activities but I don't remember them all. They're restricted now because of Covid concerns. The staff seems to be pretty good. It's a very nice facility. It's a little on the small side, but it's nice. However, it is on the pricey side. I am a friend or relative of a current/past resident
8825 Eager Rd., St. Louis, MO 63144
Anthology of Clayton View (800) 385-2527
Reviews of Anthology of Clayton View
Assisted Living Reviews for Anthology of Clayton View
By K. F.
My father-in-law has moved into Anthology of Clayton View. He has been there for about a month now. It's very nice. The staff seems to be very attentive. So far, he is pretty happy. He got a studio plus. They also have a 1-bedroom there. They have a variety of rooms. They have activities but I don't remember them all. They're restricted now because of Covid concerns. The staff seems to be pretty good. It's a very nice facility. It's a little on the small side, but it's nice. However, it is on the pricey side.
Costs for Anthology of Clayton View
Cost of Assisted Living
Cost of Independent Living
Photos of Anthology of Clayton View
Services and Amenities of Anthology of Clayton View
Assisted Living Starting At: $3785/month
Independent Living Starting At: $3785/month
Companion Suites: We Do Offer Companion Suites
Resident Capacity: 80
State Licenses: 047816
About Anthology of Clayton View
At Anthology, we're dedicated to helping you live life the way it was meant to be lived: with joy, purpose and comfort each and every day.
We offer Senior Apartments for every stage of life including Independent, Assisted Living and secured Memory Care.
We offer open restaurant style dining for three Chef prepared meals a day. With snack and food options available 24 hours a day, we make sure you're always satisfied. Our Chef understands your dietary needs and prepares delicious meals tailored especially to you.
Get involved by exploring the many activities in our community. They are meant to inspire and encourage participation and there is something for everyone. The options are limitless with calendars and events changing daily, you will be sure to find something that fits your needs.
The activities are beyond your expectations and feed body, mind and soul! You will enjoy your own schedule, eat what you want, when you want it. Open dining between the hours of 7am and 7 pm and 24/7 snacks.
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Anthology of Clayton View 8825 Eager Rd., St. Louis, MO 63144
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Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band headline Hard Rock Calling 2009
Posted: 12th February 2009
Walking in the footsteps of Aerosmith, The Police and The Who, The Boss and his E-Street Band will headline this year's Hard Rock (fka Hyde Park) Calling festival, on Sunday June 28th.
This will be Springsteen's first-ever appearance at a UK music festival.
Other acts taking part in the two-day (June 27th and 28th) festival include folky-jazzy-poppy rockers Dave Mathews Band and hyped newcomers The Gaslight Anthem, who will both support Springsteen on the Sunday. The rest of the line-up remains to be confirmed.
One-day tickets cost £ 45 (standard), £ 165 (upgrade) and £ 265 (VIP), and will go on sale this (freaky) Friday (13th) at 9AM.
Last month, Springsteen released his sixteenth album in three decades, 'Walking on a Dream', the bonus track of which, 'The Wrestler' earned him a Golden Globe for Best Original Song for the film of the same name, starring born-again wonder Mickey Rourke.
Solange Moffi


text:
5 Unique Ways Entrepreneurs Are Raising Money
By Diana Ransom
Launching a business on the side
Paula Conway only needed $3,000 to launch her Westport, Conn.-based travel information web site ConwayConfidential.com While she didn't have enough cash on hand to pay for the site, she did happen to have plenty of sugar, flour and icing.
Rather than ask friends and family to hand her some cash, Conway sold them cupcakes — and the side business swiftly grew. "It just sort of happened," she says. "Knowing that I needed money for the site, I started to wonder: Would they pay for them?" She says family, friends and neighbors were glad to hand over a
dollar or more per cupcake. She even managed to cater a few parties with her cupcake creations. Within six months, Conway met her financial goal.
Conway Confidential in the Media
By Melanie Lindner
In Pictures: Lessons From 10 Recession Start-Ups
Paula Conway, 38
Business: Conway Confidential, Westport, Conn.
Builds Web sites and provides online content for travel companies. Conway, who bootstrapped her business,
landed her first big contract with American Airlines in February 2008.
Obstacle: Getting employees to do double the work for half the pay. "I want high-quality
writers and editors who are willing to work hard for me, but at this point I'm on a shoestring budget," says Conway.
Advice: If you're not passionate about your business, don't launch a start-up. "[It] has to be something you love because it will cost more and require more work than you could possibly imagine," she says.
See the story here:
http://www.forbes.com/2009/04/07/recession-startup-obstacles-entrepreneurs-management-startup_slide_9.html?partner=email
CONWAY CONFIDENTIAL MEDIA KIT
Welcome to Conway Confidential – Your Travel Gateway to Secret Spots and Hidden Gems!
SECRET SPOTS AND HIDDEN GEMS
Conway Confidential is a new online travel destination content provider that uncovers "confidentials"— secret spots and hidden gems — in featured properties and locations around the world.
PERKS and PRESENTS
Gifts, deals and discounts accompany many properties and locations. These are perks and presents offered complimentary by the venue, and are exclusively negotiated on behalf of the client.
DESTINATION VIDEO CONTENT
Paula Conway hosts as she and her family visit select "confidential cities" and take you on a tour of their favorite hidden gems in their video segment "Secret Spots and Hidden Gems". Artfully edited by NY production company, City Lights, "Secret Spots and Hidden Gems" is being created for sale to a mainstream TV network.
Denise Mc Iver
Conway Confidential FAQ
Paula Conway, publisher and editor-in-chief of www.conwayconfidential.com, has been writing about travel for more than a decade for publications such as The New York Times, Boston Herald, The Robb Report and In Style magazine. She has hosted her own travel radio show on SiriusXM for over two years and continues to
be a regular guest on various SiriusXM radio shows. She is not only a two time published book author, but also runs and manages her own public relations firm. She oversees the team of more than 15 professional travel writers who report and provide the Conway Confidential destination content.
Conway Confidential is a new online travel destination content provider that uncovers ?confidentials?—secret spots and hidden gems in featured properties and locations around the world.
Paula Conway hosts as she and her family visit select "confidential cities" and take you on a tour of their favorite hidden gems in "Secret Spots and Hidden Gems". Artfully edited by NY production company, City Lights, "Secret Spots and Hidden Gems" is being created for sale to a mainstream TV network.
Featured on www.AA.com/women and hosted on the home website at www.conwayconfidential.com, we are currently featuring 12 cities and more than 455 destination ideas and locations:
Monthly refreshments
Confidential Cities are added monthly and we are constantly checking back with our featured establishments to ensure their gems are accurate, and perks are refreshed, if necessary. We try our best to keep our content up-to-date with the latest insider tips for our readers.
Uncover the Uniqueness and Provide Perks Our team of seasoned travel reporters reveal confidentials– something specific and unique– about a particular place within each city. For example, there are many great hotels in Miami, but within the greats there are specific unique gems that make it stand out. This could be a one-of-a-kind drink at a bar, or an absolutely fantastic bed at a hotel property. Additionally, the location itself could be the Confidential – it has to be somewhat unknown and special like the spring water-fed Venetian Pool in Miami that is open to the public seven days a week in the summer.
The gifts, deals and discounts are given complimentary by the properties and destinations on which we report. Coverage is not contingent upon giving a gift; After the articles are written, we approach the property or destination to give them the option of offering an incentive to our consumer – it is completely voluntary.


text:
Antigen vs. Antibody
By: Kate Latham
An antigen is any substance that stimulates an immune response. Foreign antigens come from outside the body and may be pathogens (like disease-causing viruses or bacteria) allergens (like pollen), or toxic substances (like venom or chemicals). Autoantigens originate in the body and do not usually provoke an immune response, except in individuals with autoimmune disorders.
An antibody is a Y-shaped protein that is produced by white blood cells, and that tags antigens for destruction by immune cells. When an antibody binds to an antigen, an antigen-antibody complex is formed. The formation of the antigen-antibody complex stimulates an immune response against the foreign substance.
What are antigens and antibodies?
What is an Antigen?
Antigens are substances that stimulate an immune response. They may come from the external environment (foreign antigens) or, they may originate within the body (self- or autoantigens).
Foreign antigens include substances produced by disease-causing viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms (pathogens). They may also include insect or snake venom, pollen, chemicals, or certain proteins found in foods. The body recognizes these substances as 'not-self' and tries to fight them off by launching an immune attack against them.
Antigens are found on the surface of pathogens
Autoantigens, on the other hand, are produced in the body. Usually, autoantigens will not trigger an immune response because the body recognizes them as 'self' substances and does not react. However, in people with autoimmune disorders, the body fails to distinguish these self-antigens from foreign antigens and mistakenly attacks them.
When this happens, the body produces autoantibodies to attack the self-antigens, causing damage to the body's cells and tissues.
What is an Antibody?
An antibody (also known as immunoglobin) is a type of protein produced by the immune system in response to exposure to foreign substances (AKA antigens).
Antibodies are produced by B cells (a type of lymphocyte, or white blood cell) and their job is to seek out foreign substances in the body. They are highly specific, meaning that each type of antibody can only bind to one type of antigen.
Antibodies are produced by B cells
Once they've found the antigen, they bind to it. This triggers a series of actions by the immune system that, ultimately, leads to the destruction of the pathogen. By finding and sticking to antigens, antibodies help to protect the body from substances that may cause illness.
Antibodies are made up of four polypeptide chains, which are arranged in a Y-shape. The constant region is always the same, but the variable region is different depending on the type of antibody. The antigen binds to the antigen binding site at the end of the variable region.
Antibody structure
What is an Antigen-Antibody Complex?
An antigen-antibody complex is also known as an immune complex and is formed when an antibody binds to a specific antigen. These complexes initiate the immune response that leads to the destruction of the invading pathogen.
The antigen-antibody complex
Antibodies and Immunity
When the body encounters a pathogen for the first time, the immune cells produce antibodies that are specific to its antigens. These antibodies then track the pathogens down and bind to their antigens, forming an antigen-antibody complex and marking them for destruction by the immune system.
Once the pathogen has gone and the person has recovered, a few of the B cells that produced the antibodies stick around. These are known as memory cells, because they remember the pathogen and can quickly produce new antibodies against it. If the memory cells encounter the pathogen a second time, the immune system can fight it off much more quickly. By doing this, they can get rid of the pathogen before the person even becomes sick. When this happens, the person is said to be immune to that particular pathogen.
Memory B cells produce antibodies
What is an Antibody Test?
An antibody test is used to find out if a person has been exposed to a particular type of pathogen. During an antibody test, a sample of blood is checked for certain types of antibodies (those that match the antigen of the pathogen in question).
If the immune system has encountered the pathogen before, it will already have produced antibodies against that pathogen. These antibodies will be present in the blood sample.
Antibody tests check for immunity to pathogens
Biologydictionary.net Editors. "Antigen vs. Antibody." Biology Dictionary, Biologydictionary.net, 12 Jan. 2021, https://biologydictionary.net/antigen-vs-antibody/.
Biologydictionary.net Editors. (2021, January 12). Antigen vs. Antibody. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/antigen-vs-antibody/
Biologydictionary.net Editors. "Antigen vs. Antibody." Biology Dictionary. Biologydictionary.net, January 12, 2021. https://biologydictionary.net/antigen-vs-antibody/.


First generation for civilian use.
This Mercedes 240GD (Gelandewagen) 4x4 is an all-terrain resilient sport utility vehicle imported from Germany. They were produced by Steyr-Puch in Austria for Mercedes-Benz. This is a civilian version of the military models that were the origination of the body style. This OM616 engine is a 2.4L Diesel in line 4 cylinder. It's a very smooth manual 4 speed. The original pattern on the seats is something rarely seen this side of the Atlantic. This vehicle is all original and in excellent condition inside & out. This is one of the first generations made.
This actually was imported from Germany by a collector. These were not brought into the United Stated by Mercedes-Benz. Now that vehicles which are 25 years or older can be imported to the U.S. a few more of these original MBZ 240 and 300 G-Wagons are starting to show up in the United States. They have become very collectible as of late.
Development started in 1972, focusing on off road abilities and maximum safety and comfort; with a cooperative agreement between Daimler-Benz and Steyr-Daimler-Puch in Graz, Austria. Mercedes-Benz engineers in Stuttgart were in charge of design and testing, while the team in Graz developed the production plans. The first wooden model was presented to Daimler-Benz management in 1973, with the first drivable prototype beginning various testing including German coalfields, the Sahara Desert, and the Arctic Circle in 1974. Construction commenced on a new production facility in Graz, where the new cross-country vehicle would be assembled nearly entirely by hand in 1975, with production of the "G Model" beginning in Graz in 1979.
The first major refinements were introduced in 1981, including an automatic transmission, air conditioning, an auxiliary fuel tank, protective headlamp grilles and a cable winch. Fuel injection became available in 1982, when the 230 GE was introduced in Turin, along with more comfortable and supportive front seats, auxiliary heating, wider tires and fender flares. For 1985, differential locks, central door locking and a tachometer become standard and in 1986 50,000th G Models had been produced.
In 1983 a Mercedes 280 G-Wagon won the Paris-Dakar Rallye.


text:
CASTLE OF SAN GIUSTO
The Castle of San Giusto rises on the top of the homonymous hill and from the top of the fortress dominates Trieste. Its history is closely linked to that of the city: it was on the hill that the castelliere was born, the first prehistoric settlement that gave rise to the development of the town, Tergeste. The subsequent conquest by the Romans marks another salient stage for the transformation of the hill, on top of which establish the military colony, building all the main buildings for public life all around. Many of the remains are now visible thanks to the excavations of the 30s. For the fortified fortress it was necessary to wait until 1468 when Frederick III ordered the construction of a first fortification to strategically control the city. What better place than the San Giusto hill? Thus the so-called Casa del Capitano was born, which in later centuries by different rulers was enlarged and flanked by additional buildings. In the 30's the castle was the protagonist of a radical restructuring, which brought to light the medieval structures and decorations, which we appreciate today.
The complex, much loved by the Triestines, is attended not only for the undisputed cultural heritage, but also for events, exhibitions and shows of various kinds that take place especially in summer. We also recommend it for the amazing view of the center that can be enjoyed from the terraces of the two bastions. One of the best in the city.
For info, times and costs visit the official website of the Castle of San Giusto


Search For "Automotive Services" Companies in Thomasville, North Carolina - Click Here Now!
Major & Mionor Auto Repairs On All Vehicle Makes & Models. Diagnostic Testing, Maintenance, A To Z Auto Repair. Towing Is Available! Saturday Appointments Are Available.
Whitaker's Auto Repair in Thomasville is a company that specializes in Automotive Repair Shops, Nec. Our records show it was established in North Carolina.


text:
Q: Getting a http 405 response by submitting a from using php curl I am trying to create a uber user by submitting the data on thr form at :
        https://get.uber.com/new-signup/
My Code is :
<?php
function alpha($len) {
 $characters = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
    $randstring = '';
    for ($i = 1; $i <= $len; $i++) {
        $randstring = $randstring.$characters[rand(0, strlen($characters))];
    }
    return $randstring;

}

function alpharnd() {

    return alpha(8)."-".alpha(4)."-".alpha(4)."-".alpha(4)."-".alpha(12);
}

$post_data['signup_form'] = 'web_signup_new';
$post_data['country_code'] = 'CA';
$post_data['language'] = 'en_US';
$post_data['client_id'] = '';
$post_data['signup_type'] = 'organic';
$post_data['signup_session_id'] = alpharnd();
$post_data['skip_signup_sms'] = 'True';

$post_data['first_name'] = 'Sanjay';
$post_data['last_name'] = 'Das';
$post_data['mobile_country'] = 'IN';
$post_data['mobile'] = '*****';
$post_data['email'] = '*****';
$post_data['password'] = '*****';
$post_data['promotion_code'] = '';

$url = 'http://get.uber.com/signup_submit/';
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US; rv:1.9.0.3) Gecko/2008092417 Firefox/3.0.4");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);    // we don't need body
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$post_data);
$output = curl_exec($ch);
$info = curl_getinfo($ch);
curl_close($ch);

echo "
";
echo 'HTTP code: ' . $httpcode;
echo "
";
print_r($info);
echo "
";
print_r($post_data);
echo "
";
?>

I am getting the following output :
HTTP code: 405
Array ( [url] => https://get.uber.com/signup_submit/ [content_type] => text/html [http_code] => 405 [header_size] => 540 [request_size] => 515 [filetime] => -1 [ssl_verify_result] => 0 [redirect_count] => 1 [total_time] => 1.849064 [namelookup_time] => 0.810126 [connect_time] => 1.065471 [pretransfer_time] => 1.590718 [size_upload] => 0 [size_download] => 178 [speed_download] => 96 [speed_upload] => 0 [download_content_length] => 178 [upload_content_length] => 0 [starttransfer_time] => 1.84903 [redirect_time] => 0.805986 [redirect_url] => [primary_ip] => 104.36.192.180 [certinfo] => Array ( ) [primary_port] => 443 [local_ip] => 103.21.59.198 [local_port] => 46643 )
Array ( [signup_form] => web_signup_new [country_code] => CA [language] => en_US [client_id] => [signup_type] => organic [signup_session_id] => HIB7CN8M-2OK2-DJC-OTE1-3WZP3XXC03T [skip_signup_sms] => True [first_name] => Sanjay [last_name] => Das [mobile_country] => IN [mobile] => 8732311456 [email] => rohotgu1u789in@gmail.com [password] => ggg1234fgtrf [promotion_code] => )

Where i am doing wrong ??? I am getting the HTTP code: 405
Please advise....


text:
The Prince of Wales, Victorian pub with modern bedrooms
The Prince of Wales is a traditional British pub serving real ales, a wide range of beers and a menu of good, fresh food sourced locally where possible.
Our Victorian rooms have been tastefully renovated to provide 9 en suite letting rooms.
We are located in York Avenue, East Cowes directly opposite the entrance to Osborne House, Queen Victoria's favourite home. With a large car park, on the main road from East Cowes to Ryde/Newport we are approximately a half mile from Red Funnel Car Ferry terminal. We are on the main bus route to and from East Cowes and there is a bus stop right outside.
Why stay at PRINCE OF WALES?
Contemporary ensuite bedrooms with period charm.
Historic courtyard and beer garden
Great location to Ferry and on main bus route
PRINCE OF WALES | York Avenue, East Cowes, Isle of Wight, PO32 6JT, United Kingdom
© 2022 PRINCE OF WALES | Powered by Inn Style


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Dynamic;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

using Microsoft.Scripting;
using Microsoft.Scripting.Actions;
using Microsoft.Scripting.Interpreter;
using Microsoft.Scripting.Runtime;
using Microsoft.Scripting.Utils;

using IronPython.Runtime;
using IronPython.Runtime.Binding;
using IronPython.Runtime.Operations;

#if FEATURE_CORE_DLR
using MSAst = System.Linq.Expressions;
#else
using MSAst = Microsoft.Scripting.Ast;
#endif

using AstUtils = Microsoft.Scripting.Ast.Utils;

namespace IronPython.Compiler.Ast {
    using Ast = MSAst.Expression;

    /// <summary>
    /// Top-level ast for all Python code.  Typically represents a module but could also
    /// be exec or eval code.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class PythonAst : ScopeStatement {
        private Statement _body;
        private CompilationMode _mode;
        private readonly bool _isModule;
        private readonly bool _printExpressions;
        private ModuleOptions _languageFeatures;
        private readonly CompilerContext _compilerContext;
        private readonly MSAst.SymbolDocumentInfo _document;
        private readonly string/*!*/ _name;
        internal int[] _lineLocations;

        private PythonVariable _docVariable, _nameVariable, _fileVariable;
        private ModuleContext _modContext;
        private readonly bool _onDiskProxy;
        internal MSAst.Expression _arrayExpression;
        private CompilationMode.ConstantInfo _contextInfo;
        private Dictionary<PythonVariable, MSAst.Expression> _globalVariables = new Dictionary<PythonVariable, MSAst.Expression>();
        internal readonly Profiler _profiler;                            // captures timing data if profiling

        internal const string GlobalContextName = "$globalContext";
        internal static MSAst.ParameterExpression _functionCode = Ast.Variable(typeof(FunctionCode), "$functionCode");
        internal readonly static MSAst.ParameterExpression/*!*/ _globalArray = Ast.Parameter(typeof(PythonGlobal[]), "$globalArray");
        internal static readonly MSAst.ParameterExpression/*!*/ _globalContext = Ast.Parameter(typeof(CodeContext), GlobalContextName);
        internal static readonly ReadOnlyCollection<MSAst.ParameterExpression> _arrayFuncParams = new ReadOnlyCollectionBuilder<MSAst.ParameterExpression>(new[] { _globalContext, _functionCode }).ToReadOnlyCollection();

        public PythonAst(Statement body, bool isModule, ModuleOptions languageFeatures, bool printExpressions) {
            ContractUtils.RequiresNotNull(body, "body");

            _body = body;
            _isModule = isModule;
            _printExpressions = printExpressions;
            _languageFeatures = languageFeatures;
        }

        public PythonAst(Statement body, bool isModule, ModuleOptions languageFeatures, bool printExpressions, CompilerContext context, int[] lineLocations) :
            this(isModule, languageFeatures, printExpressions, context) {

            ContractUtils.RequiresNotNull(body, "body");

            _body = body;

            _lineLocations = lineLocations;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new PythonAst without a body.  ParsingFinished should be called afterwards to set
        /// the body.
        /// </summary>
        public PythonAst(bool isModule, ModuleOptions languageFeatures, bool printExpressions, CompilerContext context) {
            _isModule = isModule;
            _printExpressions = printExpressions;
            _languageFeatures = languageFeatures;
            _mode = ((PythonCompilerOptions)context.Options).CompilationMode ?? GetCompilationMode(context);
            _compilerContext = context;
            FuncCodeExpr = _functionCode;

            PythonCompilerOptions pco = context.Options as PythonCompilerOptions;
            Debug.Assert(pco != null);

            string name;
            if (!context.SourceUnit.HasPath || (pco.Module & ModuleOptions.ExecOrEvalCode) != 0) {
                name = "<module>";
            } else {
                name = context.SourceUnit.Path;
            }

            _name = name;
            Debug.Assert(_name != null);
            PythonOptions po = ((PythonContext)context.SourceUnit.LanguageContext).PythonOptions;

            if (po.EnableProfiler
#if FEATURE_REFEMIT
                && _mode != CompilationMode.ToDisk
#endif
                ) {
                _profiler = Profiler.GetProfiler(PyContext);
            }

            _document = context.SourceUnit.Document ?? Ast.SymbolDocument(name, PyContext.LanguageGuid, PyContext.VendorGuid);
        }

        internal PythonAst(CompilerContext context)
            : this(new EmptyStatement(),
                true,
                ModuleOptions.None,
                false,
                context,
                null) {
            _onDiskProxy = true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when parsing is complete, the body is built, the line mapping and language features are known.
        ///
        /// This is used in conjunction with the constructor which does not take a body.  It enables creating
        /// the outer most PythonAst first so that nodes can always have a global parent.  This lets an un-bound
        /// tree to still provide it's line information immediately after parsing.  When we set the location
        /// of each node during construction we also set the global parent.  When we name bind the global
        /// parent gets replaced with the real parent ScopeStatement.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="lineLocations">a mapping of where each line begins</param>
        /// <param name="body">The body of code</param>
        /// <param name="languageFeatures">The language features which were set during parsing.</param>
        public void ParsingFinished(int[] lineLocations, Statement body, ModuleOptions languageFeatures) {
            ContractUtils.RequiresNotNull(body, "body");

            if (_body != null) {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("cannot set body twice");
            }

            _body = body;
            _lineLocations = lineLocations;
            _languageFeatures = languageFeatures;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Binds an AST and makes it capable of being reduced and compiled.  Before calling Bind an AST cannot successfully
        /// be reduced.
        /// </summary>
        public void Bind() {
            PythonNameBinder.BindAst(this, _compilerContext);
        }

        public override string Name {
            get {
                return "<module>";
            }
        }

        public override void Walk(PythonWalker walker) {
            if (walker.Walk(this)) {
                if (_body != null) {
                    _body.Walk(walker);
                }
            }
            walker.PostWalk(this);
        }

        #region Name Binding Support

        internal override bool ExposesLocalVariable(PythonVariable variable) {
            return true;
        }

        internal override void FinishBind(PythonNameBinder binder) {
            _contextInfo = CompilationMode.GetContext();

            // create global variables for compiler context.
            PythonGlobal[] globalArray = new PythonGlobal[Variables == null ? 0 : Variables.Count];
            Dictionary<string, PythonGlobal> globals = new Dictionary<string, PythonGlobal>();
            GlobalDictionaryStorage storage = new GlobalDictionaryStorage(globals, globalArray);
            var modContext = _modContext = new ModuleContext(new PythonDictionary(storage), PyContext);

#if FEATURE_REFEMIT
            if (_mode == CompilationMode.ToDisk) {
                _arrayExpression = _globalArray;
            } else
#endif
            {
                var newArray = new ConstantExpression(globalArray);
                newArray.Parent = this;
                _arrayExpression = newArray;
            }

            if (Variables != null) {
                int globalIndex = 0;
                foreach (PythonVariable variable in Variables.Values) {
                    PythonGlobal global = new PythonGlobal(modContext.GlobalContext, variable.Name);
                    _globalVariables[variable] = CompilationMode.GetGlobal(GetGlobalContext(), globals.Count, variable, global);
                    globalArray[globalIndex++] = globals[variable.Name] = global;
                }
            }

            CompilationMode.PublishContext(modContext.GlobalContext, _contextInfo);
        }

        internal override MSAst.Expression LocalContext {
            get {
                return GetGlobalContext();
            }
        }

        internal override PythonVariable BindReference(PythonNameBinder binder, PythonReference reference) {
            return EnsureVariable(reference.Name);
        }

        internal override bool TryBindOuter(ScopeStatement from, PythonReference reference, out PythonVariable variable) {
            // Unbound variable
            from.AddReferencedGlobal(reference.Name);

            if (from.HasLateBoundVariableSets) {
                // If the context contains unqualified exec, new locals can be introduced
                // Therefore we need to turn this into a fully late-bound lookup which
                // happens when we don't have a PythonVariable.
                variable = null;
                return false;
            } else {
                // Create a global variable to bind to.
                variable = EnsureGlobalVariable(reference.Name);
                return true;
            }
        }

        internal override bool IsGlobal {
            get { return true; }
        }

        internal PythonVariable DocVariable {
            get { return _docVariable; }
            set { _docVariable = value; }
        }

        internal PythonVariable NameVariable {
            get { return _nameVariable; }
            set { _nameVariable = value; }
        }

        internal PythonVariable FileVariable {
            get { return _fileVariable; }
            set { _fileVariable = value; }
        }

        internal CompilerContext CompilerContext {
            get {
                return _compilerContext;
            }
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression GlobalArrayInstance {
            get {
                return _arrayExpression;
            }
        }

        internal MSAst.SymbolDocumentInfo Document {
            get {
                return _document;
            }
        }

        internal Dictionary<PythonVariable, MSAst.Expression> ModuleVariables {
            get {
                return _globalVariables;
            }
        }

        internal ModuleContext ModuleContext {
            get {
                return _modContext;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a variable at the global level.  Called for known globals (e.g. __name__),
        /// for variables explicitly declared global by the user, and names accessed
        /// but not defined in the lexical scope.
        /// </summary>
        internal PythonVariable/*!*/ EnsureGlobalVariable(string name) {
            PythonVariable variable;
            if (!TryGetVariable(name, out variable)) {
                variable = CreateVariable(name, VariableKind.Global);
            }

            return variable;
        }

        #endregion

        #region MSASt.Expression Overrides

        public override Type Type {
            get {
                return CompilationMode.DelegateType;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Reduces the PythonAst to a LambdaExpression of type Type.
        /// </summary>
        public override MSAst.Expression Reduce() {
            return GetLambda();
        }

        internal override Microsoft.Scripting.Ast.LightLambdaExpression GetLambda() {
            string name = ((PythonCompilerOptions)_compilerContext.Options).ModuleName ?? "<unnamed>";

            return CompilationMode.ReduceAst(this, name);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Public API

        /// <summary>
        /// True if the with statement is enabled in this AST.
        /// </summary>
        public bool AllowWithStatement {
            get {
                return (_languageFeatures & ModuleOptions.WithStatement) != 0;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// True if absolute imports are enabled
        /// </summary>
        public bool AbsoluteImports {
            get {
                return (_languageFeatures & ModuleOptions.AbsoluteImports) != 0;
            }
        }

        public Statement Body {
            get { return _body; }
        }

        public bool Module {
            get { return _isModule; }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Transformation

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a ScriptCode object for this PythonAst.  The ScriptCode object
        /// can then be used to execute the code against it's closed over scope or
        /// to execute it against a different scope.
        /// </summary>
        internal ScriptCode ToScriptCode() {
            return CompilationMode.MakeScriptCode(this);
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression ReduceWorker() {
            var retStmt = _body as ReturnStatement;

            if (retStmt != null &&
                (_languageFeatures == ModuleOptions.None ||
                _languageFeatures == (ModuleOptions.ExecOrEvalCode | ModuleOptions.Interpret) ||
                _languageFeatures == (ModuleOptions.ExecOrEvalCode | ModuleOptions.Interpret | ModuleOptions.LightThrow))) {
                // for simple eval's we can construct a simple tree which just
                // leaves the value on the stack.  Return's can't exist in modules
                // so this is always safe.
                Debug.Assert(!_isModule);

                var ret = (ReturnStatement)_body;
                Ast simpleBody;
                if ((_languageFeatures & ModuleOptions.LightThrow) != 0) {
                    simpleBody = LightExceptions.Rewrite(retStmt.Expression.Reduce());
                } else {
                    simpleBody = retStmt.Expression.Reduce();
                }

                var start = IndexToLocation(ret.Expression.StartIndex);
                var end = IndexToLocation(ret.Expression.EndIndex);

                return Ast.Block(
                    Ast.DebugInfo(
                        _document,
                        start.Line,
                        start.Column,
                        end.Line,
                        end.Column
                    ),
                    AstUtils.Convert(simpleBody, typeof(object))
                );
            }

            ReadOnlyCollectionBuilder<MSAst.Expression> block = new ReadOnlyCollectionBuilder<MSAst.Expression>();
            AddInitialiation(block);

            if (_isModule) {
                block.Add(AssignValue(GetVariableExpression(_docVariable), Ast.Constant(GetDocumentation(_body))));
            }

            if (!(_body is SuiteStatement) && _body.CanThrow) {
                // we only initialize line numbers in suite statements but if we don't generate a SuiteStatement
                // at the top level we can miss some line number updates.
                block.Add(UpdateLineNumber(_body.Start.Line));
            }

            block.Add(_body);

            MSAst.Expression body = Ast.Block(block.ToReadOnlyCollection());

            body = WrapScopeStatements(body, Body.CanThrow);   // new ComboActionRewriter().VisitNode(Transform(ag))

            body = AddModulePublishing(body);

            body = AddProfiling(body);

            if ((((PythonCompilerOptions)_compilerContext.Options).Module & ModuleOptions.LightThrow) != 0) {
                body = LightExceptions.Rewrite(body);
            }

            body = Ast.Label(FunctionDefinition._returnLabel, AstUtils.Convert(body, typeof(object)));
            if (body.Type == typeof(void)) {
                body = Ast.Block(body, Ast.Constant(null));
            }

            return body;
        }

        private void AddInitialiation(ReadOnlyCollectionBuilder<MSAst.Expression> block) {
            if (_isModule) {
                block.Add(AssignValue(GetVariableExpression(_fileVariable), Ast.Constant(ModuleFileName)));
                block.Add(AssignValue(GetVariableExpression(_nameVariable), Ast.Constant(ModuleName)));
            }

            if (_languageFeatures != ModuleOptions.None || _isModule) {
                block.Add(
                    Ast.Call(
                        AstMethods.ModuleStarted,
                        LocalContext,
                        AstUtils.Constant(_languageFeatures)
                    )
                );
            }
        }

        internal override bool PrintExpressions {
            get {
                return _printExpressions;
            }
        }

        private MSAst.Expression AddModulePublishing(MSAst.Expression body) {
            if (_isModule) {
                PythonCompilerOptions pco = _compilerContext.Options as PythonCompilerOptions;

                string moduleName = ModuleName;

                if ((pco.Module & ModuleOptions.Initialize) != 0) {
                    var tmp = Ast.Variable(typeof(object), "$originalModule");
                    // TODO: Should be try/fault

                    body = Ast.Block(
                        new[] { tmp },
                        AstUtils.Try(
                            Ast.Assign(tmp, Ast.Call(AstMethods.PublishModule, LocalContext, Ast.Constant(moduleName))),
                            body
                        ).Catch(
                            typeof(Exception),
                            Ast.Call(AstMethods.RemoveModule, LocalContext, Ast.Constant(moduleName), tmp),
                            Ast.Rethrow(body.Type)
                        )
                    );
                }
            }
            return body;
        }

        private string ModuleFileName {
            get {
                return _name;
            }
        }

        private string ModuleName {
            get {
                PythonCompilerOptions pco = _compilerContext.Options as PythonCompilerOptions;
                string moduleName = pco.ModuleName;
                if (moduleName == null) {
#if FEATURE_GETINVALIDFILENAMECHARS
                    if (_compilerContext.SourceUnit.HasPath && _compilerContext.SourceUnit.Path.IndexOfAny(Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars()) == -1) {
                        moduleName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(_compilerContext.SourceUnit.Path);
#else
                    if (_compilerContext.SourceUnit.HasPath) {
                        moduleName = _compilerContext.SourceUnit.Path;
#endif
                    } else {
                        moduleName = "<module>";
                    }
                }
                return moduleName;
            }
        }

        internal override FunctionAttributes Flags {
            get {
                return FunctionAttributes.None;
            }
        }

        internal SourceUnit SourceUnit {
            get {
                if (_compilerContext == null) {
                    return null;
                }
                return _compilerContext.SourceUnit;
            }
        }

        internal string[] GetNames() {
            string[] res = new string[Variables.Count];
            int i = 0;
            foreach (var variable in Variables.Values) {
                res[i++] = variable.Name;
            }

            return res;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Compilation Mode (TODO: Factor out)

        private static Compiler.CompilationMode GetCompilationMode(CompilerContext context) {
            PythonCompilerOptions options = (PythonCompilerOptions)context.Options;

            if ((options.Module & ModuleOptions.ExecOrEvalCode) != 0) {
                return CompilationMode.Lookup;
            }

#if FEATURE_REFEMIT
            PythonContext pc = ((PythonContext)context.SourceUnit.LanguageContext);
            return ((pc.PythonOptions.Optimize || options.Optimized) && !pc.PythonOptions.LightweightScopes) ?
                CompilationMode.Uncollectable :
                CompilationMode.Collectable;
#else
            return CompilationMode.Collectable;
#endif
        }

        internal CompilationMode CompilationMode {
            get {
                return _mode;
            }
        }

        private MSAst.Expression GetGlobalContext() {
            if (_contextInfo != null) {
                return _contextInfo.Expression;
            }

            return _globalContext;
        }

        internal void PrepareScope(ReadOnlyCollectionBuilder<MSAst.ParameterExpression> locals, List<MSAst.Expression> init) {
            CompilationMode.PrepareScope(this, locals, init);
        }

        internal new MSAst.Expression Constant(object value) {
            return new PythonConstantExpression(CompilationMode, value);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Binder Factories

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ Convert(Type/*!*/ type, ConversionResultKind resultKind, MSAst.Expression/*!*/ target) {
            if (resultKind == ConversionResultKind.ExplicitCast) {
                return new DynamicConvertExpression(
                    PyContext.Convert(
                        type,
                        resultKind
                    ),
                    CompilationMode,
                    target
                );
            }

            return CompilationMode.Dynamic(
                PyContext.Convert(
                    type,
                    resultKind
                ),
                type,
                target
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ Operation(Type/*!*/ resultType, PythonOperationKind operation, MSAst.Expression arg0) {
            if (resultType == typeof(object)) {
                return new PythonDynamicExpression1(
                    Binders.UnaryOperationBinder(
                        PyContext,
                        operation
                    ),
                    CompilationMode,
                    arg0
                );
            }

            return CompilationMode.Dynamic(
                Binders.UnaryOperationBinder(
                    PyContext,
                    operation
                ),
                resultType,
                arg0
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ Operation(Type/*!*/ resultType, PythonOperationKind operation, MSAst.Expression arg0, MSAst.Expression arg1) {
            if (resultType == typeof(object)) {
                return new PythonDynamicExpression2(
                    Binders.BinaryOperationBinder(
                        PyContext,
                        operation
                    ),
                    _mode,
                    arg0,
                    arg1
                );
            }
            return CompilationMode.Dynamic(
                Binders.BinaryOperationBinder(
                    PyContext,
                    operation
                ),
                resultType,
                arg0,
                arg1
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ Set(string/*!*/ name, MSAst.Expression/*!*/ target, MSAst.Expression/*!*/ value) {
            return new PythonDynamicExpression2(
                PyContext.SetMember(
                    name
                ),
                CompilationMode,
                target,
                value
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ Get(string/*!*/ name, MSAst.Expression/*!*/ target) {
            return new DynamicGetMemberExpression(PyContext.GetMember(name), _mode, target, LocalContext);
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ Delete(Type/*!*/ resultType, string/*!*/ name, MSAst.Expression/*!*/ target) {
            return CompilationMode.Dynamic(
                PyContext.DeleteMember(
                    name
                ),
                resultType,
                target
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ GetIndex(MSAst.Expression/*!*/[]/*!*/ expressions) {
            return new PythonDynamicExpressionN(
                PyContext.GetIndex(
                    expressions.Length
                ),
                CompilationMode,
                expressions
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ GetSlice(MSAst.Expression/*!*/[]/*!*/ expressions) {
            return new PythonDynamicExpressionN(
                PyContext.GetSlice,
                CompilationMode,
                expressions
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ SetIndex(MSAst.Expression/*!*/[]/*!*/ expressions) {
            return new PythonDynamicExpressionN(
                PyContext.SetIndex(
                    expressions.Length - 1
                ),
                CompilationMode,
                expressions
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ SetSlice(MSAst.Expression/*!*/[]/*!*/ expressions) {
            return new PythonDynamicExpressionN(
                PyContext.SetSliceBinder,
                CompilationMode,
                expressions
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ DeleteIndex(MSAst.Expression/*!*/[]/*!*/ expressions) {
            return CompilationMode.Dynamic(
                PyContext.DeleteIndex(
                    expressions.Length
                ),
                typeof(void),
                expressions
            );
        }

        internal MSAst.Expression/*!*/ DeleteSlice(MSAst.Expression/*!*/[]/*!*/ expressions) {
            return new PythonDynamicExpressionN(
                PyContext.DeleteSlice,
                CompilationMode,
                expressions
            );
        }

        #endregion

        #region Lookup Rewriting

        /// <summary>
        /// Rewrites the tree for performing lookups against globals instead of being bound
        /// against the optimized scope.  This is used if the user compiles optimied code and then
        /// runs it against a different scope.
        /// </summary>
        internal PythonAst MakeLookupCode() {
            PythonAst res = (PythonAst)MemberwiseClone();
            res._mode = CompilationMode.Lookup;
            res._contextInfo = null;

            // update the top-level globals for class/funcs accessing __name__, __file__, etc...
            Dictionary<PythonVariable, MSAst.Expression> newGlobals = new Dictionary<PythonVariable, MSAst.Expression>();
            foreach (var v in _globalVariables) {
                newGlobals[v.Key] = CompilationMode.Lookup.GetGlobal(_globalContext, -1, v.Key, null);
            }
            res._globalVariables = newGlobals;

            res._body = new RewrittenBodyStatement(_body, new LookupVisitor(res, GetGlobalContext()).Visit(_body));
            return res;
        }

        internal class LookupVisitor : MSAst.ExpressionVisitor {
            private readonly MSAst.Expression _globalContext;
            private ScopeStatement _curScope;

            public LookupVisitor(PythonAst ast, MSAst.Expression globalContext) {
                _globalContext = globalContext;
                _curScope = ast;
            }

            protected override MSAst.Expression VisitMember(MSAst.MemberExpression node) {
                if (node == _globalContext) {
                    return PythonAst._globalContext;
                }
                return base.VisitMember(node);
            }

            protected override MSAst.Expression VisitExtension(MSAst.Expression node) {
                if (node == _globalContext) {
                    return PythonAst._globalContext;
                }

                // we need to re-write nested scoeps
                ScopeStatement scope = node as ScopeStatement;
                if (scope != null) {
                    return base.VisitExtension(VisitScope(scope));
                }

                LambdaExpression lambda = node as LambdaExpression;
                if (lambda != null) {
                    return base.VisitExtension(new LambdaExpression((FunctionDefinition)VisitScope(lambda.Function)));
                }

                GeneratorExpression generator = node as GeneratorExpression;
                if (generator != null) {
                    return base.VisitExtension(new GeneratorExpression((FunctionDefinition)VisitScope(generator.Function), generator.Iterable));
                }

                // update the global get/set/raw gets variables
                PythonGlobalVariableExpression global = node as PythonGlobalVariableExpression;
                if (global != null) {
                    return new LookupGlobalVariable(
                        _curScope == null ? PythonAst._globalContext : _curScope.LocalContext,
                        global.Variable.Name,
                        global.Variable.Kind == VariableKind.Local
                    );
                }

                // set covers sets and deletes
                var setGlobal = node as PythonSetGlobalVariableExpression;
                if (setGlobal != null) {
                    if (setGlobal.Value == PythonGlobalVariableExpression.Uninitialized) {
                        return new LookupGlobalVariable(
                            _curScope == null ? PythonAst._globalContext : _curScope.LocalContext,
                            setGlobal.Global.Variable.Name,
                            setGlobal.Global.Variable.Kind == VariableKind.Local
                        ).Delete();
                    } else {
                        return new LookupGlobalVariable(
                            _curScope == null ? PythonAst._globalContext : _curScope.LocalContext,
                            setGlobal.Global.Variable.Name,
                            setGlobal.Global.Variable.Kind == VariableKind.Local
                        ).Assign(Visit(setGlobal.Value));
                    }
                }

                var rawValue = node as PythonRawGlobalValueExpression;
                if (rawValue != null) {
                    return new LookupGlobalVariable(
                        _curScope == null ? PythonAst._globalContext : _curScope.LocalContext,
                        rawValue.Global.Variable.Name,
                        rawValue.Global.Variable.Kind == VariableKind.Local
                    );
                }

                return base.VisitExtension(node);
            }

            private ScopeStatement VisitScope(ScopeStatement scope) {
                var newScope = scope.CopyForRewrite();
                ScopeStatement prevScope = _curScope;
                try {
                    // rewrite the method body
                    _curScope = newScope;
                    newScope.Parent = prevScope;

                    newScope.RewriteBody(this);
                } finally {
                    _curScope = prevScope;
                }
                return newScope;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        internal override string ProfilerName {
            get {
                if (_mode == CompilationMode.Lookup) {
                    return NameForExec;
                }
                if (_name.IndexOfAny(System.IO.Path.GetInvalidPathChars()) >= 0) {
                    return "module " + _name;
                } else {
                    return "module " + System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(_name);
                }
            }
        }

        internal new bool EmitDebugSymbols {
            get {
                return PyContext.EmitDebugSymbols(SourceUnit);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// True if this is on-disk code which we don't really have an AST for.
        /// </summary>
        internal bool OnDiskProxy {
            get {
                return _onDiskProxy;
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Parcel Insurance Plan was founded in 1966 with the mission to provide dramatically lower-cost package insurance to business shippers, while offering superior customer and claims service. PIP has been owned by Brown & Brown Insurance, the world's 7th largest insurance brokerage, since 2001.
Today, thousands of businesses in hundreds of industries throughout the country ship packages insured by PIP.
In 2000, Parcel Insurance Plan created proprietary software in response to increasing customer interest in electronic reporting. Currently, ERIN 2000 works in combination with both UPS Online WorldShip and FedEx Ship Manager®. ERIN 2000 is simple to install, easy to use and best of all it's FREE. There are no calculations to perform. Just a few clicks on your computer each month provides all the reporting we need! Automated PIP monthly reports are also available from many third-party shipping manifest systems.
We invite you to consider PIP when making your shipping insurance decision. We offer exceptional value, ease of use and superior claims handling.
We also provide freight insurance for palletized shipments.
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Welch, Minnesota has 1 casinos in which you'll find more than 2,200 slots and gaming machines. There are a total of 50 table games. Click a casino on the left for more information on a particular property.
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There are currently no news regarding Welch.


text:
2023 could be the year of mixed reality
Louis Rosenberg, Unanimous A.I.
Image Credit: Image by Louis Rosenberg
As we kick off a new year, the public is still largely confused by one of the biggest buzzwords of last year: The metaverse. After being promised a society-changing technology by breathless media influencers, what many people actually encountered was either (a) cartoonish virtual worlds filled with creepy avatars or (b) opportunistic platforms selling "virtual real estate" through questionable NFT schemes.
To say the industry overpromised and underwhelmed in 2022 would be an understatement.
Fortunately, the metaverse really does have the potential to be a society-changing technology. But to get there, we need to push past today's cartoonish worlds and deploy immersive experiences that are deeply realistic, wildly artistic, and focus far more on unleashing creativity and productivity than on minting NFT landlords. In addition, the industry needs to overcome one of the biggest misconceptions about the metaverse: The flawed notion that we will live our daily lives in virtual worlds that will replace our physical surroundings. This is not how the metaverse will unfold.
Don't get me wrong, there will be popular metaverse platforms that are fully simulated worlds, but these will be temporary "escapes" that users sink into for a few hours at a time, similar to how we watch movies or play video games today. On the other hand, the real metaverse, the one that will impact our days from the moment we wake to the moment we go to sleep, will not remove us from our physical surroundings.
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Instead, the real metaverse will mostly be a mixed reality (MR) in which immersive virtual content is seamlessly combined with the physical world, expanding and embellishing our daily lives with the power and flexibility of digital content.
A mixed reality arms race
I know there are some who will push back on this prediction, but 2023 will prove them wrong. That's because a new wave of products is headed our way that will bring the magic of MR to mainstream markets.
The first step in this direction was the recent release of the Meta Quest Pro which is hardware-ready for quality mixed reality with color passthrough cameras that capture the real world and can combine it with spatially registered virtual content. It's an impressive device, but so far there is little software available that showcases its mixed reality capabilities in useful and compelling ways. That said, we can expect the real potential to be unleashed during 2023 as software rolls out.
Also, in 2023, HTC is scheduled to release a headset that looks to be even more powerful than the Meta Quest Pro for mixed-reality experiences. To be unveiled at CES in January, it reportedly has color passthrough cameras of such high fidelity you can look at a real-world phone in your hand and read text messages in mixed reality. Whether consumers prefer HTC's new hardware or Meta's, one thing is clear: An MR arms race is underway, and it's about to get more crowded.
That's because Apple is expected to launch its own MR headset in 2023. Rumored to be a premium device that ships midyear, it will likely be the most powerful mixed reality product the world has seen. There are claims it will feature quality passthrough cameras along with LiDAR sensors for profiling distances in the real world.
If the LiDAR rumor pans out, it could mean the Apple device is the first MR/augmented reality (AR) eyewear product to enable high-precision registration of virtual content to the real world in 3D. Accurate registration is critical for suspension of disbelief, especially when enabling users to interact manually with real and virtual objects.
Why so much momentum towards mixed reality?
Simple. We humans do not like being cut off from our physical surroundings. Sure, you can give someone a short demo in virtual reality (VR), and they'll love it. But if you have that same person spend an hour in fully immersive VR, they may start to feel uneasy.
Approach two hours, and for many people (myself included), it's too much. This phenomenon first struck me back in 1991 when I was working as a VR researcher at Stanford and NASA, studying how to improve depth perception in early vision systems. Back then, the technology was crude and uncomfortable, with low-fidelity graphics and lag so bad it could make you feel sick. Because of this, many researchers believed that the barrier to extended use was the clunky design and poor fidelity. We just needed better hardware, and people wouldn't feel uneasy.
I didn't quite agree. Certainly, better hardware would help, but I was pretty sure that something else was going on, at least for me personally — a tension in my brain between the virtual world I could see and the real world I could sense (and feel) around me. It was this conflict between two opposing mental models that made me feel uneasy and made the virtual world seem less real than it should.
To address this, what I really wanted to do was take the power of VR and combine it with my physical surroundings, creating a single immersive experience in which my visual, spatial and physical senses were all perfectly aligned. My suspicion was that the mental tension would go away if we could allow users to interact with the real and the virtual as if they inhabited the same perceptual reality.
By a stroke of luck, I had the opportunity to pitch the U.S. Air Force and was funded to build a prototype mixed reality system at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. It was called the Virtual Fixtures platform, and it didn't just support sight and sound, but touch and feel (3D haptics), adding virtual objects to the physical world that felt so authentic they could help users perform manual tasks with greater speed and dexterity. The hope was that one day this new technology could support a wide range of useful activities, from assisting surgeons during delicate procedures to helping technicians repair satellites in orbit through telerobotic control.
Two worlds snapping together
Of course, that early Air Force system didn't support surgery or satellite repair. It was developed to test whether virtual objects could be added to real-world tasks and enhance human performance. To measure this, I used a simple task that involved moving metal pegs between metal holes on a large wooden pegboard. I then wrote software to create a variety of virtual fixtures that could help you perform the task.
The fixtures ranged from virtual surfaces to virtual cones to simulated tracks you could slide the peg along, all while early passthrough cameras aligned the activity. And it worked, enabling users to perform manual tasks with significantly greater speed and precision.
I give this background because of the impact it had on me. I can still remember the first time I moved a real peg towards a real hole and a virtual surface automatically turned on. Although simulated, it felt genuine, allowing me to slide along its contour. At that moment, the real world and the virtual world became one reality, a unified mixed reality in which the physical and digital were combined into a single perceptual experience that satisfied all your spatial senses — visual, audio, proprioception, kinesthesia, and haptics.
Of course, both worlds had to be accurately aligned in 3D, but when that was achieved, you immediately stopped thinking about which part was physical and which was simulated.
That was the first time I had experienced a true mixed reality. It may have been the first time anyone had. I say that because once you experience the real and virtual combined into a single unified experience, all your senses aligned, the two worlds actually snap together in your mind. It's almost like one of those visual illusions where there's a hidden face you can't see, and then something clicks, and it appears. That's how a true mixed reality experience should be: A seamless merger of the real and the virtual that is so natural and authentic that you immediately realize our technological future will not be real or virtual, it will be both. One world; one reality.
Snapshots of Mixed Reality technology thirty years apart.
As I look ahead, I'm impressed by how far the industry has come, particularly in the last few years. The image above (on the left) shows me in 1992 in an Air Force lab working on AR/MR technology. The image on the right shows me today, wearing a Meta Quest Pro headset.
What is not apparent in the picture are the many large computers that were running to conduct my experiments thirty years ago, or the cameras mounted on the ceiling, or the huge wire harness draped behind me with cables routed to various machines. That's what makes this new wave of modern headsets so impressive. Everything is self-contained — the computer, the cameras, the display, the trackers. And it's all comfortable, lightweight, and battery-powered. It's remarkable.
And it's just getting started. The technology of mixed reality is poised to take off, and it's not just the impressive new headsets from Meta, HTC, and (potentially) Apple that will propel this vision forward, but eyewear and software from Magic Leap, Snap, Microsoft, Google, Lenovo, Unreal, Unity and many other major players.
At the same time, more and more developers will push the limits of creativity and artistry, unlocking what's possible when you mix the real and the virtual — from new types of board games (Tilt Five) and powerful medical applications (Mediview XR), to remarkable outdoor experiences from Niantic Labs.
This is why I am confident that the metaverse, the true metaverse, will be an amalgamation of the real and the virtual, so seamlessly combined that users will cease to think about which elements are physical and which are digital. We will simply go about our daily lives and engage in a single reality. It's been a long time in the making, but 2023 will be the year that this future really starts to take shape.
Louis Rosenberg is founder and CEO of swarm intelligence company Unanimous AI.
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text:
Poetry and Form: Mona Saudi at the Sharjah Art Foundation
7 March - 7 June 2018 Museums
Installation view, Sharjah Art Foundation, Mona Saudi, 2018. Image courtesy of Sharjah Art Foundation
Sharjah Art Foundation, in collaboration with Sharjah Art Museum, presents a survey of work by artist Mona Saudi. Curated by Hoor Al Qasimi and Noora Al Mualla, the show will include works from the mid-1960s till today, encompassing a large selection of the stone sculptures for which she is best known as well as paintings, drawings and other works on paper inspired by the works of the poets Mahmoud Darwish and Adonis. The exhibition will highlight Saudi's exploration of the intertwined relationship between natural material and modern form. In many of her works, notions of growth, fertility and the body are explored through her introduction of compositional movement to conventional geometric shapes. A substantial presentation of the artist's sculptures will provide rare insight into the evolution of Saudi's aesthetic and intellectual journey, which is particularly evident in her work with different types and colours of stone, including white marble, pink limestone, green marble and black diorite, all sourced from the greater region.