text:
Johann Sebastian Bach's vocal music includes cantatas, motets, masses, Magnificats, Passions, oratorios, four-part chorales, songs and arias. His instrumental music includes concertos, suites, sonatas, fugues, and other works for organ, harpsichord, lute, violin, viola da gamba, cello, flute, chamber ensemble and orchestra.

There are over 1000 known compositions by Bach. Nearly all of them are listed in the  (BWV), which is the best known and most widely used catalogue of Bach's compositions.

Listing Bach's compositions
Some of the early biographies of Johann Sebastian Bach contain lists of his compositions. For instance, his obituary contains a list of the instrumental compositions printed during the composer's lifetime, followed by an approximate list of his unpublished work. The first separately published biography of the composer, by Johann Nikolaus Forkel, follows the same approach: its ninth chapter first lists printed works (adding four-part chorales which had been published in the second half of the 18th century), followed by a rough overview of the unpublished ones. In the first half of the 19th century more works were published, so the next biographies (Schauer and Hilgenfeldt in 1850) had more elaborate appendices listing printed works, referring to these works by publisher, and the number or page number given to the works in these publications. So, for example, the Prelude and Fugue in E-flat major can be indicated as "C. F. Peters Vol. III No. 1", or any of the variants ("Griepenkerl and Roitzsch Vol. 3 p. 2", "Peters Book 242 p. 2", "P. S. V., Cah. 3 (242), No. 1", etc.)

BG

In the second half of the 19th century the Bach-Gesellschaft (BG) published all of Bach's works in around 50 volumes, the so-called Bach Gesellschaft Ausgabe (BGA). This offered a unique identification of all of Bach's known works, a system that was quickly adopted, for instance by the biographers: Philipp Spitta used it complementarily to the Peters edition numbering for the BG volumes that had appeared when he was writing his Bach-biography in the second half of the 19th century (e.g. "B. G., III., p. 173" for the above-mentioned Prelude in E-flat major), and Terry used it in the third Appendix to his 20th-century translation of Forkel's biography.

But there was still a lot of confusion: some authors preferred to list Bach's works according to Novello's editions, or Augener's, or Schirmer's,... giving rise to various conversion tables at the end of books on Bach's compositions (e.g. Harvey Grace's in a 1922 book on Bach's organ compositions).

NBG
In 1900 the BG published its last volume, and dissolved itself, as its primary goal, publishing all of Bach's known works, was accomplished. The BG was succeeded by the Neue Bachgesellschaft (NBG), with a new set of goals (Bach yearbook, Bach festivals, and a Bach museum). Occasionally however the NBG published newly discovered works, or variants not published in the BGA. For instance the 1740s version of O Jesu Christ, meins Lebens Licht was published in NBG XVII1 in 1916 (the 1730s version of the same piece, with a different orchestration, had been published in BG 24, pp. 185–192).

BWV

In 1950 the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis was published, allocating a unique number to every known composition by Bach. Wolfgang Schmieder, the editor of that catalogue, grouped the compositions by genre, largely following BG for the collation (e.g. BG cantata number = BWV number of the cantata):

 Kantaten (Cantatas), BWV 1–224
 Motetten (Motets), BWV 225–231
 Messen, Messensätze, Magnificat (Masses, Mass movements, Magnificat), BWV 232–243
 Passionen, Oratorien (Passions, Oratorios), BWV 244–249
 Vierstimmige Choräle (Four-part chorales), BWV 250–438
 Lieder, Arien, Quodlibet (Songs, Arias and Quodlibet), BWV 439–524
 Werke für Orgel (Works for organ), BWV 525–771
 Werke für Klavier (Keyboard compositions), BWV 772–994
 Werke für Laute (Lute compositions), BWV 995–1000
 Kammermusik (Chamber music), BWV 1001–1040
 Orchesterwerke (Works for orchestra), BWV 1041–1071, originally in two separate chapters: Concertos (BWV 1041–1065) and Overtures (BWV 1066–1071)
 Kanons (Canons), BWV 1072–1078
 Musikalisches Opfer, Kunst der Fuge (Musical Offering, Art of the Fugue), BWV 1079–1080

For instance, the Prelude and Fugue in E-flat major now became BWV 552, situated in the range of the works for organ. In contrast to other catalogues such as the Köchel catalogue for Mozart's compositions there is no attempt at chronological organization in the BWV numbering, for instance BWV 992 is an early composition by Bach. Exceptionally BWV numbers are also indicated as Schmieder (S) numbers (e.g. S. 225 = BWV 225).

Another consequence of the ordering principles of the BWV was that it tore known collections apart, for instance Clavier-Übung III was partly in the organ compositions range (BWV 552 and 669–689), with the four duets listed among the keyboard compositions (BWV 802–805).

BWV Anh.
The Anhang (Anh.), i.e. Appendix, of the BWV listed works that were not suitable for the main catalogue, in three sections:
 I – lost works, or works of which only a tiny fraction had survived (Anh. 1–23)
 II – works of dubious authenticity (Anh. 24–155)
 III – works that were once attributed to Bach, but for which it had been established they were not composed by him (Anh. 156–189)
Within each section of the Anhang the works are sorted by genre, following the same sequence of genres as the main catalogue.

Schmieder published the BWV's second edition in 1990, with some modifications regarding authenticity discriminations, and more works added to the main catalogue and the Anhang. A strict numerical collation was abandoned to insert additions, or when for another reason compositions were regrouped. For example, BWV 11, formerly listed as a Cantata, was moved to the fourth chapter of the main catalogue as an Oratorio. Rather than renumbering a composition, an arrow indicated where the composition was inserted: "" meaning "BWV 11, inserted after BWV 249b" (4th chapter). Similarly,  meant BWV 1083, inserted after BWV 243a (3rd chapter). Also authenticity discriminations, based on new research, could lead to such repositionings within the catalogue, e.g. "" became " indicating it was now considered a spurious work.

In 1998 Alfred Dürr and Yoshitake Kobayashi published a small edition of the catalogue, based on the 1990 second edition. This edition, known as BWV2a, contained a few further updates and collation rearrangements.

New additions (Nachträge) to BWV2/BWV2a included:
 BWV 1081–1126
 BWV Anh. 190–213

A few exceptions to the principle that compositions were not renumbered were when a composition from the Anhang could be recovered or authenticated as Bach's, so that it deserved a place in the main catalogue, in which case it was given a number above 1080. So, for example, BWV Anh. 205 (BWV2) → BWV 1121 (BWV2a, where it is in section 7 as a work for organ).

Other renumberings and additional numbers involved alternative or earlier versions of basically the same composition, which were indicated by adding a lower case letter to the BWV number. Examples:
 BWV 243a: 1723 E major version of the 1733 Magnificat in D major BWV 243
 BWV 1071 renumbered to BWV 1046a (early version of the first Brandenburg Concerto)
 BWV Anh. 198 renumbered to BWV 149/1a (earlier abandoned version of the opening movement of Cantata BWV 149)

Some versions were completely removed from the catalogue, e.g. BWV 655b and c.

Slashes indicate movements: e.g. BWV 149/1 indicates the first movement of the Cantata BWV 149. Another example: the Agnus Dei of the Mass in B minor can be indicated as BWV 232/22 (22nd movement of the composition), or alternatively as BWV 232IV/4 (BWV 232, fourth movement of Part IV).

21st-century additions
Numbers above BWV 1126 were added in the 21st century.

Reconstructed versions
An upper case R added to a BWV number indicates a reconstructed version, that is a conjectured earlier version of a known composition. One of such reconstructions, the Concerto for oboe and violin, as published in NBA VII/7 (Supplement) p. 75, based on the double harpsichord concerto BWV 1060, is known as BWV 1060R.

BWV3
As of mid-2018 the Bach digital website started to implement the new numbers of the 3rd edition of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, which has been announced for publication in 2020. For example, the Leipzig version of the Christ lag in Todes Banden cantata used to be BWV 4 in previous versions of the catalogue, and, in BWV3, has become BWV 4.2.

NBA

In the meantime, the New Bach Edition (Neue Bach-Ausgabe, abbreviated as NBA) was being published, offering a new system to refer to Bach's works, e.g. , which is Series IV, Volume 4, p. 2 (Prelude) and p. 105 (Fugue), for BWV 552.

NBArev

Some years after the completion of the NBA in 2007 its publisher Bärenreiter joined with the Bach Archive again to publish revised editions of some of Bach's scores. These revised editions, aligning with the NBA editions (format, layout), but outside that group of publications, were published under the name Johann Sebastian Bach: New Edition of the Complete Works – Revised Edition (Johann Sebastian Bach: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke – Revidierte Edition), in short: New Bach Edition – Revised (Neue Bach-Ausgabe – Revidierte Edition), abbreviated as NBArev. Where the original NBA editions were exclusively in German, the volumes of the Revised series have their introductions both in German and English. Its first volume, NBArev 1, was a new edition of the Mass in B minor, appearing in 2010.

BC
The Bach Compendium (BC), a catalogue covering Bach's vocal works was published in 1985. Occasionally works that have no BWV number can be identified by their BC number, e.g. BC C 8 for "Der Gerechte kömmt um" an arrangement attributed to Bach on stylistic grounds, however unmentioned in the BWV.

BNB
Bachs Notenbibliothek (BNB) is a list of works Bach had at his disposition. Works of other composers which were arranged by Bach or which he (had) copied for performance usually have a BNB number.

SBB
The Berlin State Library (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin = SBB) holds an important collection of composition manuscripts relating to Bach. Some versions of works are best known by their principal manuscript in the SBB, for instance  = , or according to the abbreviations used at the Bach-digital website .

By opus number, and chronological lists

Apart from indicating his first published keyboard composition as Opus 1, Bach did not use opus numbers. Lists following publication chronologies are for example implied in the first list in Bach's obituary, and BG numbers (within the BGA sequence of publication) – overall lists covering all of Bach's compositions in order of first publication are however not a way Bach's compositions are usually presented.

Listing Bach's works according to their time of composition cannot be done comprehensively: for many works the period in which they were composed is a very wide range. For Bach's larger vocal works (cantatas, Passions,...) research has led to some more or less generally accepted chronologies, covering most of these works: a catalogue in this sense is Philippe (and Gérard) Zwang's list giving a chronological number to the cantatas BWV 1–215 and 248–249. This list was published in 1982 as Guide pratique des cantates de Bach in Paris, . A revised edition was published in 2005 ().

Other composers

Various catalogues with works by other composers have intersections with collections of works associated with Bach:
BR-WFB (or) BR  Bach-Repertorium numbers for works by Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, e.g. BWV 970 = BR A49
Other BRs:
BR-CPEB: works by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (for this composer Helm or Wotquenne numbers are however more often used)
BR-JCFB: works by Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach
Fk (or) F  Falck catalogue numbers for works by Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, e.g. BWV 970 = F 25/2
H  Helm numbers for works by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, e.g. BWV 1036 = H 569
HWV  Works by George Frideric Handel, e.g. BWV Anh. 106 = HWV 605
TWV  Compositions by Georg Philipp Telemann, e.g. BWV 824 = TWV 32:14
Warb (or) W  Warburton numbers for works by Johann Christian Bach, e.g.  = W A22 (or: )
Wq  Wotquenne numbers for works by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, e.g. BWV 1036 = Wq 145

Works in Bach's catalogues and collections
There are over 1500 works that feature in a catalogue of works by Bach, like the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, and/or in a collection of works associated with Bach (e.g. in one of the Notebooks for Anna Magdalena Bach). Of these around a thousand are original compositions by Bach, that is: more than a mere copy or transcription of an earlier work by himself or another composer.

|- id="BWV Chapter 1" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="0000.z99" | 1.
| data-sort-value="001.001" colspan="8" | Cantatas (see also: List of Bach cantatas, Church cantata (Bach) and List of secular cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach)
| data-sort-value="0000a" | Up ↑

|- id="BWV Chapter 2" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="0224.z99" | 2.
| data-sort-value="228.001" colspan="8" | Motets (see also: List of motets by Johann Sebastian Bach)
| data-sort-value="0281a" | Up ↑

|- id="BWV Chapter 5" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="0249.z99" | 5.
| data-sort-value="284.001" colspan="8" | Four-part chorales (see also: List of chorale harmonisations by Johann Sebastian Bach)
| data-sort-value="0319a" | Up ↑
|- id="Three wedding chorales" style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="0250.000" | 250
| data-sort-value="284.002" | 5.
| data-sort-value="1736-07-01" | 1734–1738
| chorale setting "Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan" (Three wedding chorales No. 1)
|
| data-sort-value="SATB Hnx2 Ob Oba Str Bc" | SATB 2Hn Ob Oba Str Bc
| data-sort-value="000.13 1: 147" | 131: 147
| data-sort-value="III/02 1: 000a" | III/2.1: 3
| text by Rodigast
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="0251.000" | 251
| data-sort-value="284.003" | 5.
| data-sort-value="1736-07-01" | 1734–1738
| chorale setting "Sei Lob und Ehr dem höchsten Gut" (Three wedding chorales No. 2)
|
| data-sort-value="SATB Hnx2 Ob Oba Str Bc" | SATB 2Hn Ob Oba Str Bc
| data-sort-value="000.13 1: 148" | 131: 148
| data-sort-value="III/02 1: 000b" | III/2.1: 4
| text by Schütz, J. J.
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="0252.000" | 252
| data-sort-value="284.004" | 5.
| data-sort-value="1736-07-01" | 1734–1738
| chorale setting "Nun danket alle Gott" (Three wedding chorales No. 3)
|
| data-sort-value="SATB Hnx2 Ob Oba Str Bc" | SATB 2Hn Ob Oba Str Bc
| data-sort-value="000.13 1: 149" | 131: 149
| data-sort-value="III/02 1: 000c" | III/2.1: 5
| text by Rinkart
|

|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="0500.a00" | 500a
| data-sort-value="302.003" | 5.
| 1726-04-19
| chorale setting "So gehst du nun, mein Jesu, hin" (in Bach's Leipzig versions of St Mark Passion attributed to Keiser)
|
| SATB Str Bc
|
| data-sort-value="II/09: 075" | II/9: 75
| text by ; ↔ BWV 500
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="1084.000" | 1084
| data-sort-value="302.004" | 5.
| 1726-04-19
| chorale setting "O hilf Christe, Gottes Sohn" (in Bach's Leipzig versions of St Mark Passion attributed to Keiser)
|
| SATB Str Bc
|
| data-sort-value="II/09: 076" | II/9: 76
| text by Weiße; after BC D 5a/14
|
|-
| data-sort-value="1089.000" | 1089
| data-sort-value="302.006" | 5.
|
| chorale setting "Da Jesus an dem Kreuze stund"
|
| SATB
|
| data-sort-value="III/02 2: 216" | III/2.2: 216
| text by
|
|- style="background: #F6E3CE;"
| data-sort-value="1122.000" | 1122
| data-sort-value="303.003" | 5.
| data-sort-value="1730-01-01" |  or earlier
| chorale setting "Denket doch, ihr Menschenkinder"
| F maj.
| SATB
|
| data-sort-value="III/02 1: 038" | III/2.1: 31III/2.2: 217
| text by Hübner?
|
|- style="background: #F6E3CE;"
| data-sort-value="1123.000" | 1123
| data-sort-value="303.004" | 5.
| data-sort-value="1730-01-01" |  or earlier
| chorale setting "Wo Gott zum Haus gibt nicht sein Gunst"
| G maj.
| SATB
|
| data-sort-value="III/02 1: 050" | III/2.1: 40
| data-sort-value="after Z 0305; text by Kolross" | after Z 305; text by Kolross
|
|- style="background: #F6E3CE;"
| data-sort-value="1124.000" | 1124
| data-sort-value="303.005" | 5.
| data-sort-value="1730-01-01" |  or earlier
| chorale setting "Ich ruf zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ"
| E min.
| SATB
|
| data-sort-value="III/02 1: 069" | III/2.1: 51
| after Z 7400; text by Agricola, J.
|
|- style="background: #F6E3CE;"
| data-sort-value="1125.000" | 1125
| data-sort-value="303.006" | 5.
| data-sort-value="1730-01-01" |  or earlier
| chorale setting "O Gott, du frommer Gott"
| D maj.
| SATB
|
| data-sort-value="III/02 1: 113" | III/2.1: 79
| after Z 5206b; text by Heermann
|
|-
| data-sort-value="1126.000" | 1126
| data-sort-value="303.007" | 5.
|
| chorale setting "Lobet Gott, unsern Herren"
|
| SATB
|
| data-sort-value="III/02 2: 218" | III/2.2: 218
|
|
|- id="BWV Chapter 6" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="0438.z99" | 6.
| data-sort-value="304.001" colspan="8" | Songs, Arias and Quodlibet (see also: List of songs and arias of Johann Sebastian Bach)
| data-sort-value="0508a" | Up ↑

|- id="BWV Chapter 7" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="0524.z99" | 7.
| data-sort-value="311.001" colspan="8" | Works for organ (see also: List of organ compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach)
| data-sort-value="0596a" | Up ↑

|- id="BWV Chapter 10" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="1000.z99" | 10.
| data-sort-value="411.001" colspan="8" | Chamber music (see also: List of chamber music works by Johann Sebastian Bach)
| data-sort-value="1178aa" | Up ↑

|- id="BWV Chapter 11" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="1040.z99" | 11.
| data-sort-value="424.001" colspan="8" | Works for orchestra (see also: List of orchestral works by Johann Sebastian Bach)
| data-sort-value="1222a" | Up ↑

|- id="BWV Later" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="1080.z99" | Later
| data-sort-value="442.010" colspan="8" | Later additions to the main catalogue (above BWV 1128: BWV3)
| data-sort-value="1266a" | Up ↑

|- id="Reconstructions" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="A214.ZZZ999998" | R
| data-sort-value="448.153" colspan="8" | Reconstructions (see also Reconstruction of music by Johann Sebastian Bach)
| data-sort-value="1524a" | Up ↑

|- id="BWV deest" style="background: #D8D8D8;"
| data-sort-value="A214.ZZZ999999" | —
| data-sort-value="485.999" colspan="8" |

| data-sort-value="1524b" | Up ↑
|-
| data-sort-value="0655.B00" | 655b
| data-sort-value="500.001" | –
| data-sort-value="1748-12-31" | 1708–1789
| chorale setting "Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend" (alternative version "a" in BGA)
|
| Organ
| data-sort-value="000.25 2: 159" | 252: 159
|
| data-sort-value="after BWV 0655" | after BWV 655(a); ↔ 655c
|
|-
| data-sort-value="0655.C00" | 655c
| data-sort-value="500.002" | –
| data-sort-value="1748-12-31" | 1708–1789
| chorale setting "Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend" (alternative version "b" in BGA)
|
| Organ
| data-sort-value="000.25 2: 160" | 252: 160
|
| data-sort-value="after BWV 0655" | after BWV 655(a); ↔ 655b
|
|-
| data-sort-value="0813.A00" | 813a
| data-sort-value="500.010" | –
|
| French Suites, No. 2 – Version B (early version): No. 6 Menuet II
| C min.
| Keyboard
| data-sort-value="000.36: 236" | 36: 236
| data-sort-value="V/08: 079" |  V/8: 79
|
|
|-
| data-sort-value="A215.BCC.008.000" | deest
| data-sort-value="503.080" | BCC 8
| data-sort-value="1736-12-31" | 1723–1750?(JSB?)
| Motet Der Gerechte kömmt um (Wer ist der, so von Edom kömmt/39; funer. motet?)
| E min.
| data-sort-value="SSATB Flx2 Obx2 Str Bc" | SSATB 2Fl 2Ob Str Bc
|
| I/41: 127
| by Kuhnau? (Tristis est...); arr. by Bach?
|
|-
| data-sort-value="A215.BCD.001.000" | deest
| data-sort-value="504.010" | BCD 1
| data-sort-value="1717-03-28" | 1717-03-28?
| Passion Weimarer Passion
|
| data-sort-value="stbSATB Flx2 Obx2 Str Bc" | ?stbSATB 2Fl 2Ob Str Bc
|
|
| data-sort-value="→ BWV 0023/4" | → BWV 23/4 (and 55/3; 244/29; 245a–c; 283?)
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.BCD.005.A00" | deest
| data-sort-value="505.051" | BCD 5a
| data-sort-value="1712-12-31" | 1707 (Kei)before 1713(JSB)
| Passion Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet (St Mark Passion pastiche, Weimar version)
|
| SATB 2Vl 2Va Hc
|
| data-sort-value="II/9: 069" | II/9: 69
| Pasticcio (Keiser G.?, Bach)
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.BCD.005.B00" | deest
| data-sort-value="505.052" | BCD 5b
| 1726-04-19(JSB)
| Passion Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet (St Mark Passion pastiche, 1st Leipzig version)
|
| SATB 2Vl 2Va Org
|
| II/9
| Pasticcio after BC D 5a (Keiser G.?, Bach) adding BWV 500a and 1084)
|
|-
| data-sort-value="A215.BCD.010.000" | deest
| data-sort-value="505.100" | BCD 10
| data-sort-value="1750-07-01" | 1750?
| Passion Wer ist der, so von Edom kömmt
| D min.
| data-sort-value="satbSSATB Flx2 Obx2 Str Bc" | satbSSATB 2Fl 2Ob Str Bc
|
| data-sort-value="I/41: 095" | I/41: 95
| Pasticcio (Graun, C. H.; Telemann; Bach; ...)
|
|- style="background: #F6E3CE;"
| data-sort-value="0008.107" | deest(8/6*)
| data-sort-value="507.131" | BC F 131 .1c
| data-sort-value="1735-07-01" |
| chorale setting "Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben"
| E♭ maj.
| SATB
|
| data-sort-value="III/02 1: 148" | III/2.1: 100
| after Z 6634; text by Neumann
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.BGA.432.035" |
| data-sort-value="643.535" | BGA
| data-sort-value="1725-07-01" | 1725 (JSB)
| Notebook A. M. Bach (1725) No. 21 Menuet fait par Mons. Böhm
| G maj.
| Keyboard
| data-sort-value="000.43 2: 035" | 432: 35
| data-sort-value="V/04: 082" | V/4: 82
| by Böhm
|
|- id="BNB I/B/48" style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.BNB.01B.048" |
| data-sort-value="710.248" | BNBI/B/48
| data-sort-value="1738-07-01" | 1738(JSB)
| data-sort-value="Massx6" | 6 Masses without Benedictus and Agnus Dei from
|
| data-sort-value="SATBx2 Tbnx3 Str Bc" | 2SATB 3Tbn Str Bc
|
|
| by Bassani; copied by Bach (BNB I/B/48), later adding BWV 1081
|
|- id= "BNB I/C/1" style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.BNB.01C.001" |
| data-sort-value="710.301" | BNBI/C/1
| data-sort-value="1741-09-15" | 1740–1742 (JSB)
| Magnificat
| C maj.
| data-sort-value="SATB Tbnx4 Tmp Bc" | SATB 4Tbn Tmp Bc
|
|
| by Caldara; → BWV 1082; in DBB 2755/1
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.BNB.01K.002" | deest
| data-sort-value="711.102" | BNBI/K/2
| data-sort-value="1747-01-01" | before 1719(Han.)1743–1748(JSB)
| Passion Jesus Christus ist um unsrer Missetat willen verwundet (St Mark Passion pastiche, 2nd Leipzig version)
|
| stSATB 2Ob 2Bas 2Vl 2Va Vc Vne Hc
|
| II/9
| Pasticcio after BC D 5b (Keiser G.?, Bach) and HWV 48/9 /23 /41 /44 /47 /52 /55 (Handel)
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.NBA.209.013" | deest
| data-sort-value="829.013" | NBA
| data-sort-value="1742-07-01" | 1742(JSB)
| Kyrie–Gloria Mass arranged from Missa sine nomine a 6
| E min.
| SSATTB 2Co 4Tro Vne Hc Org
|
| data-sort-value="II/09: 013" | II/9: 13
| by Palestrina after anon. motet Beata Dei genitrix; arr. by Bach
|
|- id="NBA V-5" style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.NBA.505.002" |
| data-sort-value="855.002" | NBA
| 1720-01-22
| data-sort-value="Klavierbüchlein für Wilhelm Friedemann Bach No. 0" | Klavierbüchlein WFB, p. 3a: Claves signatae (introduction on clefs)
|
|
| data-sort-value="000.45 1: 213" | 451: 213
| data-sort-value="V/05: 002" | V/5
|
|
|- style="background: #E3F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.NBA.505.003" |
| data-sort-value="855.003" | NBA
| 1720-01-22
| data-sort-value="Klavierbüchlein für Wilhelm Friedemann Bach No. 00" | Klavierbüchlein WFB, p. 3b: Explication... (introduction on ornaments)
|
|
| data-sort-value="000.45 1: 213" | 451: 213
| data-sort-value="V/05: 003" | V/5
|
|
|- style="background: #F5F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.NBA.505.040" |
| data-sort-value="855.040" | NBA
| data-sort-value="1720-07-01" | 1720 (WFB)
| data-sort-value="Klavierbüchlein für Wilhelm Friedemann Bach No. 30" | Klavierbüchlein WFB No. 25: Pièce pour le Clavecin
|
| Keyboard
| data-sort-value="000.45 1: 218" | 451: 218
| data-sort-value="V/05: 040" | V/5: 40
| by
|
|-
| data-sort-value="A215.NBA.505.045" | deest
| data-sort-value="855.045" | NBA
| data-sort-value="1720-07-01" | 1720 (anon)
| data-sort-value="Klavierbüchlein für Wilhelm Friedemann Bach No. 30" | Klavierbüchlein WFB No. 30: Bass sketch
| G min.
|
| data-sort-value="000.45 1: 220" | 451: 220
| data-sort-value="V/05: 045" | V/5: 45
|
|
|- style="background: #F5F6CE;"
| data-sort-value="A215.NBA.505.087" |
| data-sort-value="855.087" | NBA
| data-sort-value="1720-07-01" | 1720 (WFB)
| data-sort-value="Klavierbüchlein für Wilhelm Friedemann Bach No. 48a-d" | Klavierbüchlein WFB No. 48a–d: Partita
|
| Keyboard
| data-sort-value="000.45 1: 223" | 451: 223
| data-sort-value="V/05: 087" | V/5: 82
| by Stölzel
|
|}

By genre

Cantatas (BWV 1–224)
See #BWV Chapter 1 in the table above

In the 1950 first edition of the BWV the cantatas were largely listed according to their BGA number:
 BWV 1–200: Church cantatas
 BWV 201–216: Secular cantatas
 BWV 217–224: Cantatas with various issues (lost, incomplete, spurious, doubtful)
Additionally Anh. I of the first edition of the BWV started with a list of some 20 lost cantatas, while Anh. III of that edition listed a few cantata (movements) by other composers (Anh. 156–158).

BWV2a added many more lost cantatas (BWV Anh. 190–199 and 209–212) and alternative versions to known works indicating (partially) lost cantatas or cantata versions, e.g. BWV 244a, the music of which was partially preserved in the St Matthew Passion, BWV 244.

Motets (BWV 225–231)
See #BWV Chapter 2 in the table above

There are over a dozen motets attributed to Bach, about half of which are authentic by all accounts:
 BWV 225–230 are the six compositions that have always been considered motets composed by Bach
 BWV 231 was later renumbered to BWV 28/2a, a variant of the second movement of cantata BWV 28
 BWV 118, published as a cantata in the 19th century, was later recategorised as a motet, following Bach's designation on the score.
 BWV Anh. 159–165 are motets with a doubtful or spurious assignation to Bach, the first of which is however most likely composed by Bach.

Liturgical works in Latin (BWV 232–243)
See #BWV Chapter 3 in the table above

Bach's involvement with Latin church music, as composer, arranger or copyist, includes:
 BWV 232–242: Masses and Mass movements (Mass in B minor; Kyrie–Gloria Masses; separate Mass movements)
 BWV 243: Magnificat
 BWV 1081–1083: later additions to the BWV catalogue
 BWV Anh. 24–30, 166–168: doubtful and spurious works
 BNB I/B/48, I/C/1, I/P/2: copies and arrangements

Passions and oratorios (BWV 244–249)
See #BWV Chapter 4 in the table above

Passions and oratorios composed or contributed to by Bach include:
 BWV 244–247: Passions (St Matthew Passion; St John Passion; St Mark Passion; St Luke Passion)
 BWV 248–249: Oratorios (Christmas Oratorio; Easter Oratorio)
 BWV 11: Ascension Oratorio
 BWV 127/1, 500a, 1084, 1088, deest: St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser), Weimarer Passion, Wer ist der, so von Edom kömmt
 BWV Anh. 169: passion text by Picander (not set by Bach, apart from using some parts of this text in his St Matthew Passion)

Four-part chorales (BWV 250–438)

See #BWV Chapter 5 in the table above

Bach's chorale settings (usually for SATB choir) are included in:
 BWV 250–438: separate chorale settings
 Cantatas (most prominently in the chorale cantatas), motets, passions, oratorios, Second Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach
 BWV 1089, 1122–1126: later additions to the BWV catalogue
 BWV Anh. 31, 201–204: doubtful and spurious

Songs and arias (BWV 439–524)
See #BWV Chapter 6 in the table above

Songs and (separate) arias by Bach are included in several collections:
 BWV 439–507: Schemellis Gesangbuch
 BWV 508–518: Second Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach
 BWV 519–523: D-B Mus. ms. Bach P 802, a manuscript by Johann Ludwig Krebs
 BWV Anh. 32–39: Deutsche Übersetzungen und Gedichte (doubtful)
 BWV Anh. 40–41: Singende Muse an der Pleiße (doubtful)

Associated with the Songs and Arias group:
 BWV 524: (Wedding) Quodlibet for four voices (incomplete)
 BWV 1127: "Alles mit Gott und nichts ohn' ihn" (strophic aria rediscovered in 2005)

Works for organ (BWV 525–771)
See #BWV Chapter 7 in the table above

Bach's organ compositions include:
 BWV 525–530: Sonatas
 BWV 531–582: compositions of the type Prelude/Fantasia/Toccata/Adagio/Passacaglia and/or Fugue
 BWV 583–591: various free organ compositions (Trios/Aria/Canzona/Allabreve/Pastorale/Kleines harmonisches Labyrinth )
 BWV 592–597: Concertos (transcriptions)
 BWV 598: Pedal-Exercitium
 BWV 599–764: Chorale preludes (Orgelbüchlein; Schübler Chorales; Great Eighteen Chorale Preludes or Leipzig Chorales; Chorale preludes from Clavier-Übung III; Kirnberger chorale preludes; other chorale preludes)
 BWV 765–768: Chorale partitas
 BWV 769–771: Chorale variations (includes Canonic Variations on "Vom Himmel hoch da komm' ich her")
 BWV 1085–1087, 1121, 1128: various later additions to the BWV catalogue
 BWV 1090–1120: Neumeister Chorales
 BWV Anh. 42–79, 171–178, 200, 206, 208, 213: lost, doubtful and spurious organ pieces

Works for keyboard (BWV 772–994)

See #BWV Chapter 8 in the table above

Bach's works for harpsichord, clavichord and other keyboard instruments include:
 BWV 772–801: Inventions and Sinfonias
 BWV 802–805: Duets from Clavier-Übung III
 BWV 806–845: Suites and suite movements (English Suites; French Suites; Partitas = Clavier-Übung I; Overture in the French style from Clavier-Übung II; etc.)
 BWV 846–893: The Well-Tempered Clavier (book I, book II)
 BWV 894–962: compositions of the type Prelude/Fantasia/Concerto/Toccata and/or Fugue/Fughetta (includes Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue, Six Little Preludes, several parts of the Klavierbüchlein für Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, etc.)
 BWV 963–970: Sonatas and sonata movements
 BWV 971–987: Concertos (includes Italian Concerto from Clavier-Übung II and various concerto transcriptions)
 BWV 988–991: Variations (includes Goldberg Variations = Clavier-Übung IV and Aria variata alla maniera italiana)
 BWV 992–994: Capriccios and Applicatio (includes Capriccio on the departure of a beloved brother)

Works for solo lute (BWV 995–1000)

See #BWV Chapter 9 in the table above

Bach's compositions for lute and/or lute-harpsichord (Lautenwerck) include:
 BWV 995–1000 suites and separate movements for lute and/or lute-harpsichord
 BWV 1006a: transcription of BWV 1006

Chamber music (BWV 1001–1040)

See #BWV Chapter 10 in the table above

Bach wrote chamber music for solo violin, cello or flute, sonatas for harpsichord and an instrumental soloist, and trio sonatas:
 BWV 1001–1006: Sonatas and partitas for solo violin
 BWV 1007–1012: Cello Suites
 BWV 1013: Partita for solo flute
 BWV 1014–1026: works for accompanied violin (sonatas, suite for violin and harpsichord; sonatas, fugue for violin and basso continuo)
 BWV 1027–1029: sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord
 BWV 1030–1035: sonatas for accompanied flute (sonatas for flute and harpsichord; sonatas for flute and basso continuo)
 BWV 1036–1040: trio sonatas

Orchestral works (BWV 1041–1071)
See #BWV Chapter 11 in the table above

Bach wrote concertos and orchestral suites:
 BWV 1041–1045: Violin concertos (in A minor, in E major, Double Concerto); Triple Concerto; Concerto movement/Sinfonia fragment
 BWV 1046–1051: Brandenburg Concertos
 BWV 1052–1065: Harpsichord concertos
 BWV 1066–1071: Orchestral suites and Sinfonia (early version of BWV 1046)

Canons (BWV 1072–1078)
See #BWV Chapter 12 in the table above

Separate canons by Bach are listed in the 12th chapter of the BWV:
 BWV 1072–1078: canons
 BWV 1086–1087: later additions

Late contrapuntal works (BWV 1079–1080)
See #BWV Chapter 13 in the table above

The list of late contrapuntal works contains only two items:
 BWV 1079: The Musical Offering
 BWV 1080: The Art of Fugue

20th-century additions to the BWV catalogue and Anhang
Additions as published in BWV2a

Additions to the main catalogue (BWV 1081–1126)
 BWV 1081 – Credo in unum Deum in F major (for choir), included in Chapter 3 in BWV2a
 BWV 1082 – Suscepit Israel by Antonio Caldara (for choir), as copied by Bach; Included in Chapter 3 in BWV2a
 BWV 1083 – Tilge, Höchster, meine Sünden (motet, "parody", i.e., reworked version, of Pergolesi's Stabat Mater), included in Chapter 3 in BWV2a
 BWV 1084 – O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn (chorale from Bach's Leipzig versions of the St Mark Passion attributed to Keiser), included in Chapter 5 in BWV2a
 BWV 1085 – O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig (chorale prelude), included in Chapter 7 in BWV2a
 BWV 1086 – Canon Concordia discors, included in Chapter 12 in BWV2a
 BWV 1087 – 14 canons on the First Eight Notes of Goldberg Variations Ground (discovered 1974), included in Chapter 12 in BWV2a
 BWV 1088 – "So heb ich denn mein Auge sehnlich auf" (arioso for bass), No. 20 in Wer ist der, so von Edom kömmt (pasticcio Passion oratorio); Included in Chapter 4 in BWV2a
 BWV 1089 – Da Jesus an dem Kreutze stund (four-part chorale), included in Chapter 5 in BWV2a
 BWV 1090–1120 – 31 chorale preludes for organ from the Neumeister Collection, discovered in 1985 in the archives of the Yale University library; Included in Chapter 7 in BWV2a, except for BWV 1096, attributed to Johann Pachelbel, which was moved to Anh. III (spurious works).
 BWV 1121, previously Anh. 205 – Fantasie in C minor (organ), included in Chapter 7 in BWV2a
 BWV 1122–1126 – five four-part chorales, moved to Chapter 5 in BWV2a

Additions to the Anhang (BWV Anh. 190–213)
BWV Anh. 190–213 were added between the 1950 and 1990s editions of the catalogue
 BWV Anh. 190–197 – Cantatas added to Anh. I (music lost); see also List of Bach cantatas
 BWV Anh. 198 – Abandoned sketch of a cantata opening, renumbered to BWV 149/1a and added to Chapter 1 in BWV2a
 BWV Anh. 199 – Cantata added to Anh. I (music lost); see also List of Bach cantatas
 BWV Anh. 200 – Fragment of a chorale prelude O Traurigkeit, o herzeleid, added to Anh. I (unused sketch for the Orgelbüchlein)
 BWV Anh. 201–204 – Four-part chorales added to Anh. II (doubtful)
 BWV Anh. 205 – Fantasia in C minor, authenticated as BWV 1121 and added to Chapter 7 in BWV2a
 BWV Anh. 206 – Doubtful chorale prelude, added to Anh. II
 BWV Anh. 207 – Doubtful keyboard fugue, added to Anh. II
 BWV Anh. 208 – Spurious organ fugue, added to Anh. III
 BWV Anh. 209–212 – Lost cantatas added to Anh. I; see also List of Bach cantatas
 BWV Anh. 213 – Lost arrangement for organ of an unidentified Telemann concerto, added to Anh. I

21st-century additions to the BWV catalogue (BWV 1127 and higher)
See also #BWV Later in the table above
BWV numbers assigned after the publication of BWV2a:
 BWV 1127: strophic aria "Alles mit Gott und nichts ohn' ihn" (discovered June 2005)
 BWV Anh. 71, renumbered to BWV 1128: chorale fantasia for organ "Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält" ( was authenticated as a composition by Bach after Wilhelm Rust's 1877 copy was recovered in March 2008)
 BWV 1129 and higher: BWV3 numbers, see BWV#Numbers above BWV 1126

Derivative works

There is not much system in the way works derived from Bach's compositions are listed. The "R" addition to the BWV number is only well-established for the reconstructions included in NBA VII/7 (e.g. solo violin reconstructions of BWV 565 are not usually indicated as BWV 565R, neither is the system used for reconstructed vocal works). For some series of transcriptions and arrangements works catalogues of these transcribers/arrangers may hold sublists with works derived from compositions by Bach.

Reconstructed concertos
See also #Reconstructions in the table above

Each reconstructed concerto is created after the harpsichord concerto for the presumed original instrument. Such reconstructions are commonly referred to as, for example, BWV 1052R (where the R stands for 'reconstructed'). Other reconstructions and completions of for instance BWV 1059 have been indicated as BWV 1059, or BWV 1059a.

Adaptations
Transcriptions and arrangements in the catalogues of works by other composers include:
Ferruccio Busoni Catalogue numbers BV B 20 to B 46 are arrangements of works by Bach, many of which published in the Bach-Busoni Editions.

See also

 List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach printed during his lifetime
 List of fugal works by Johann Sebastian Bach

References
For abbreviations used in the references see also Bibliography at

Bibliography

Further reading
 Basso, Alberto. Frau Musika: La vita e le opere di J. S. Bach. Turin, EDT :
 Vol. 1 (1979): Le origini familiari, l'ambiente luterano, gli anni giovanili, Weimar e Köthen (1685–1723).
 Vol. 2 (1983): Lipsia e le opere de la maturità (1723–1750).

External links

 Johann Sebastian Bach: Systematisch-chronologisches Werkverzeichnis at

Articles containing video clips


text:
R. Scott Callen
Mr. Callen, a native of Florida, joined the firm in 2019.
Mr. Callen was awarded an AV Preeminent Rating as peer rated for the highest standard of professional excellence. He has also been selected to the "Legal Elite™" by Florida Trend magazine, in which less than two percent of Florida attorneys receive this designation.
Mr. Callen has national, regional and local legal representation experience with employment laws and employment disputes. He also handles numerous legal representation matters concerning independent contractor and business law compliance.
In addition to his legal practice, Mr. Callen is frequently retained to resolve employment dispute matters as a certified mediator. He has resolved numerous employment law disputes, and his mediation approaches are tailored to the specific dynamics, issues, laws, and situations that surface in employment disputes.
Mr. Callen has experience representing Fortune 500 companies, and his clients are national, regional, statewide, and local in scope of operations. He provides prompt, practical, and strategic legal representation, and Mr. Callen has many legal achievements in representing clients since 1998, including litigation prevention and reduction of claims, success in legal disputes and litigation strategy, and achievement of business and legal objectives.
Mr. Callen's representative matters and experience include: advising and litigation representation for a publicly traded Fortune 500 restaurant corporation, national and regional staffing companies, "on demand" economy clients, courier, trucking, and messenger companies, including drafting, implementing, and defending independent contractor models, health care, insurance, professional services, hospitality, construction, manufacturing, restaurant and food services, financial services, and franchise models; advising and litigation representation for numerous businesses and professionals regarding employment matters, including employment agreements, training, policies, audits, contracts, corporate agreements, non-competition and non-solicitation provisions, employment handbooks, severance agreements, employment benefits, unemployment, unlawful employment practices, EEOC charges, and counseling and strategy with human resources; advising and litigation representation for compensation and wage/hour matters, including FLSA collective and class action litigation, and Department of Labor investigations; serving as outside general counsel to numerous businesses related to intellectual property, general liability and insurance, business transactions, contracts, and litigation matters; and advising and litigation representation for small, medium, and large companies and business professionals.
Mr. Callen is a published author in Thomson Reuters/Aspatore "Key Components of Defending Employer Clients in Litigation," and "Drafting and Negotiating Employment Agreements," a frequent public speaker on legal strategy and employment topics, and holds a leadership position with Big Bend SHRM for legislative and legal developments.
B.S. Human Sciences, cum laude, Florida State University, 1995
J.D., cum laude, Florida State University, 1998
Florida – 1998
EMAIL: sc@kullmanlaw.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I will be speaking at the Northern Virginia Ruby Users Group on March 19, 2008. The topic will be "Implementing OpenID for Your Social Networking Web Site." Meetings start at 6:00 PM for networking, with presentations beginning at 7:00 PM. Meetings are held at the FGM building in Reston; see the NovaRug web site for directions.


text:
The New Gambling Goliath
Christian activists struggle to slow the rapid growth of Indian casinos.
By John W. Kennedy| August 1, 2004
With the blessing of his 145-member Assemblies of God congregation in Barstow, California, pastor Charles Mattix III has become a community activist. He has lobbied in the nation's capital, spoken at city council meetings, encouraged residents to sign petitions, helped organize a community forum attended by more than 500 residents, and formed an ad-hoc responsible growth coalition. His cause? Mattix opposes a proposed casino to be operated by the Los Coyotes of the Cahuilla tribe.
Four years ago, California voters approved a constitutional amendment that gave tribes a monopoly on operating casinos in California, as long as they do so on tribal land. Now, Barstow is just one of 28 "off-reservation" casino proposals in the Golden State.
On June 21, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed a deal with five tribes that would allow unlimited slot machines—the current limit is 2,000 per tribe—for $1 billion and a share of future revenues. Foes say such an accord, yet to be ratified, combined with approval of more off-reservation casinos, would result in American Indian gambling inundating urban areas such as Los Angeles and San Francisco—making gambling a significant feature of California life.
Although the 272-member Los Coyotes already control 25,000 acres in rural mountains near San Diego, they consider the cacti, rocks, sand, and sagebrush on the edge of Barstow the perfect locale for a casino. Barstow, a city of 23,000, is on Interstate 15 in the Mojave Desert, roughly midway between Los Angeles and Las Vegas, a spot passed by 19.3 million vehicles annually.
"I fear that the casino will become the plantation and the city of Barstow its slaves," Mattix says. "Families would split, credit card debt would rise, crime would increase, and there would be more drug addiction."
Meanwhile, the Barstow Christian Ministerial Association, headed by Mattix, is trying to recruit candidates for two city council seats on the November ballot. More than 40 local pastors signed a letter to the city council outlining moral and social problems the casino would cause. Pastors gather for an hour each week to pray for the community—and for each other.
For decades churches have been fighting a losing battle against gambling interests. The latest front is Indian casinos, a rapidly growing national phenomenon that earns as much revenue as Atlantic City gambling. Despite the onslaught, some Christians, like those in Barstow, have refused to give up the struggle.
Placing Their Bets
Sixteen years ago, Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), which regulates tribal gambling on reservations. Tribal casinos are big business. There are 369 tribal gambling operations in 29 states. California, with 56, has the most. Because casinos are on sovereign tribal land, they are exempt from federal, state, and local taxes. In 2001, a total of 200 tribal casinos grossed $12.7 billion of legal gambling's annual $30 billion in revenue, and tribes kept $5 billion as profit.
The United States has 601 federal- or state-recognized tribes, but another 200 want to reorganize, many because they want to cash in on the gambling windfall. Payoffs can make tribes with a few dozen members wealthy in a hurry.
Congress designed IGRA to alleviate poverty. But nearly 80 percent of American Indians receive no financial benefit from gambling revenues, according to U.S. Rep. Frank R. Wolf (R-Va.).
Wolf claims the process of officially recognizing legitimate tribes has become corrupted because of the money gambling investors have poured into helping defunct tribes gain legal standing. Guy C. Clark, chairman of the National Coalition Against Gambling Expansion (NCAGE), wrote to President Bush in January, charging that the Bureau of Indian Affairs is granting official recognition to American Indian groups with dubious historical claims.
In February, Wolf called for Secretary of the Interior Gale Norton to suspend approvals and launch an investigation of the bureau for possible irregularities in "exploiting Indians and potentially corrupting government officials."
The NCAGE has made Indian casino expansion its 2004 focus precisely because of the "reservation shopping" done by gambling investors, says Tom Grey, NCAGE executive director and a United Methodist minister in Rockford, Illinois. "The fact that casinos now can move off reservations violates the spirit of IGRA."
Many small cities and towns, though, aren't all that concerned about a tribe's legitimacy or the spirit of IGRA. For first-term Barstow mayor Lawrence E. Dale, the key issue is creating jobs.
"We're not turning away anything that will bring jobs, and the casino would bring over 1,600 jobs," Dale says at Barstow's city hall. City officials frame the debate by pitting those who want economic progress against those who don't. First-year revenues at the casino, backed by developer BarWest Gaming, are projected at $175 million. Barstow contains several empty and boarded-up businesses, including Sears, JCPenney, Kmart, and Yellow Freight.
In fact, casinos do make a difference to some economies. Doug Elmets, spokesman for the United Auburn tribe and the Thunder Valley Casino outside of Sacramento, says the newly opened casino employs 2,000 people and pumps $30 million annually into the economy through vendor contracts. Immediately after the casino opened, the 255 members of the tribe received medical insurance, dental coverage, and vision care, plus a pension program, Elmets says.
Facts like these make the struggle against Indian casinos harder for many.
Mobilizing the Laity
A few blocks from the state capitol in Sacramento, five Christian activists met on a Monday morning to plot strategy. They gathered at an inner-city United Methodist church where Harvey Chinn, an NCAGE member, is on staff.
The glue that holds the anti-gambling forces together is Cheryl Schmit, director of Stand Up for California, a grassroots watchdog group. Schmit is a former librarian at a Catholic high school. She became an activist a few years ago when the 247-member United Auburn Indian tribe—which had disbanded 40 years earlier—received congressional recognition and planned to open its casino within a mile of her home in Penryn. Thirty miles north of Sacramento along I-80, Penryn has 2,000 residents and a median income of $30,000.
Schmit convinced Placer County officials to move the 1,900-slot Thunder Valley casino to a less obtrusive location.
The casino opened a year ago off Highway 65 north of the Sacramento suburb of Rocklin, far from residential areas. Cows and a sanitary landfill are the closest neighbors. Schmit also ensured that casino operators, rather than taxpayers, paid for street and sewer installation.
Schmit now travels the state advising community groups on how to confront cities seeking casino revenue—and giving hope to discouraged activists.
Yuba County Supervisor Dan Logue assumed office in 2001 and opposes a casino that the board of supervisors had approved before his election.
"This casino will be built only if the body of Christ allows it," Logue says in his real-estate office in Linda, outside Marysville in northern California. "God laid it upon my heart to make this issue my highest priority."
But waging the battle alone wore down Logue, a Foursquare Gospel church member. His blood pressure skyrocketed and one of his kidneys failed. Logue, 53, was about to pack it in when he met Schmit, who lent her organizational expertise. "This woman has high-powered lobbyists trembling," says Logue, who has a portrait of Abraham Lincoln on one wall of his office and a picture of John Wayne on another. "Without Cheryl, this casino would have been built by now."
A group of Yuba County evangelical pastors started meeting to pray for Logue. He no longer needs a kidney transplant.
The approved casino that Logue and others are fighting would belong to the 215-member Enterprise Rancheria Tribe. It has its sights set on a Highway 65 location only 25 miles north of Sacramento, an area expected to boom in the next five years. The tribe is based 45 miles north in Oroville—but that city of 13,000 already has two casinos.
The only way to override the agreement would be a referendum on the November ballot. For that Logue needs the help of churches, which have yet to mobilize laity.
"If we do nothing, we will lose," Logue says. "These guys already own the state government. The only place to stop them is at the local level."
Battle of Attrition
An entity dubbed the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, 568 people from the Miwoks and Pamos tribes, had no federal government recognition until 2000. With congressional recognition came a federal guarantee of a gambling site. And because the tribe has no land, it is allowed to buy a casino site.
The Graton Rancheria group eventually set its sights on Rohnert Park, a city of 42,000 people, 40 miles north of San Francisco. In stark contrast to the high desert of Barstow, Rohnert Park is in the verdant rolling hills of Sonoma County wine country.
Chip Worthington, who has been pastor of Rohnert Park Assembly of God for a quarter-century, traveled to Washington last September. He met with members of Congress and White House and Department of Justice staff, and delivered petitions signed by 4,700 residents.
Despite his efforts, the city council voted 4-1 the next month to approve construction of a tribal hotel and casino complex on 360 acres on the city's outskirts.
But Worthington believes he can so frustrate the developers that they will look elsewhere. Worthington filed suit in November against the city of Rohnert Park and Station Casinos, the casino's financial backer, arguing for an environmental study. Worthington filed another suit in December, demanding that residents be allowed to vote on the casino. In April, a county judge dismissed one lawsuit, ruling that an environmental study could come later.
Other Rohnert Park protesters have launched a recall movement against four city council members who sanctioned gambling. On a Friday afternoon, Lynne Conde, who attends Rohnert Park Bible Church, is in front of the local Roger Wilko Market looking for signatures. Says the homeschooling mom, who hopes to recall three council members: "God has called us to get out of our churches, put on our full armor, and walk through this thing."
John W. Kennedy is news editor of Today's Pentecostal Evangel, the weekly magazine of the Assemblies of God.
The National Indian Gaming Commission has more information about the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.
Reverend Thomas Grey, head of the National Coalition Against Gambling Expansion, was interviewed by PBS's Frontline for a 1997 broadcast over the pros and cons of gambling.
Christianity Today editorialized after former Secretary of Education and author William Bennett lost millions in gambling.
Beyond Virtue and Vice | Some morals are absolute, but they are not ultimate. (June 25, 2003)
Christianity Today's coverage of gambling issues includes:
Addiction a Click Away | Internet gambling is hooking shut-ins, including Christians. (March 25, 2003)
Weblog: Salvation Army Rejects $100,000 From Lottery Winner | Last week, the winner of the $314 million Powerball lottery promised to tithe his winnings, rekindling the debate over whether churches should accept gambling money. (Jan. 02, 2003)
Fighting Chance | Bible-belt churches gear up for lottery battles in Tennessee and North Carolina. (March 25, 2002)
Weblog: No Ban on Internet Gambling | Ban on Internet gambling fails in U.S. House of Representatives (July 19, 2000)
Beating the Odds | Christians in two states defeat gambling by exposing its harmful effects on the poor. (Jan. 10, 2000)
Gambling Panel Urges Moratorium | By a 5-to-4 vote, the panel, after two years of study, suggests "some policymakers at all levels may wish to impose an explicit moratorium on gambling expansion, while awaiting further research and assessment." (June 14, 1999)
Gambling Away the Golden Years | Casinos are seducing an alarming number of seniors. Where is the church? (May 24, 1999)
Gambling with the Enemy | Instead of folding, the church should be upping the ante (May 18, 1998)
None Dare Call It Sin | How Mississippi's Bible Belt succumbed so quickly and so completely to the gambling industry. (May 18, 1998)
Spurning Lady Luck | Churches reject funds tainted by gambling. (Oct. 26, 1998)
Nominations Delayed | Will Gambling Study Be Biased? (January 6, 1997)
Voters Reject Betting Measures | Gambling ballot measures failed in five statewide initiatives during November's election. Gambling forces won only in Arizona, where voters approved a plan to allow five more Indian casinos, and in Michigan, where three casinos won approval in Detroit. (December 9, 1996)
Americas | California | Economics | Gambling | International | Money and Business | Native Americans | Social Justice | United States
August 2004, Vol. 48, No. 8, Pg 50
More From: John W. Kennedy
This article is from the August 2004 issue.
Apathy Used to Be a Virtue. But It's Our Culture's Hidden Vice.
How acedia became the enemy of our souls.
Uche Anizor
PortuguêsFrançais


text:
Tag: Canada
Random Internal Files Reveal Pokémon GO Was A Major Hassle For The Canadian Military
"taking off like gangbusters"
You've no doubt heard stories in the past about Pokémon GO players trespassing to catch 'em all, but there's never been much documented about it other than news reports and player accounts. Recently, though, Canada's national broadcaster CBC gained access to 471 pages of internal files on the subject from the...
Tue 7th Jan 2020
News Fortnite "Ruined Our Child's Life", Claims Family At The Centre Of New Class-Action Lawsuit
"They really dug into the human brain"
Fortnite is one of the most popular video games of the present day, but a new class-action lawsuit currently being prepared in Canada is claiming that this fame has been bought via nefarious means. According to Alessandra Esposito Chartrand, an attorney with Calex Légal, Epic Games spent "many years" working...
Mon 7th Oct 2019
News SNES Classic Edition Won't Be Sold In Canadian Province Of Quebec
Thanks to laws which "protect the use of French"
The SNES Classic arrives next month and is sure to be a solid seller, but if you live in Canada's second-most populous province, then you might be out of luck. According to EB Games employees, the system won't be sold in Quebec due to the province's strict language requirements. Here's what...
Wed 23rd Aug 2017
SNES Classic
SNES Mini
Random Nintendo Censors Canadian Interview For Daring To Mention NX
To say that Nintendo is being tight-lipped about its forthcoming NX system is something of an understatement. We know it's coming in March next year and we know that an announcement will happen before then, but aside from that there's very little else to go on right now, at least on an official level. Nintendo is keeping such a tight lid...
Tue 27th Sep 2016
News Lottie amiibo Will Be Exclusive to Best Buy in Canada
Not a whole Lottie places to find this one
It seems that exclusive amiibo announcements have been all the rage lately. Just this past week, we've received confirmation that the Villager re-stock, Mii Fighter 3-pack, and the Mega Yarn Yoshi will be exclusive to Toys "R" Us and that the Falco amiibo will be exclusive to Best Buy
Fri 16th Oct 2015
News Nintendo Canada Seems Pretty Pleased With Splatoon's Reception, Thinks Company Is "Delivering The Fun"
Also hints at big third party announcements in the near future
Splatoon has been a massive commercial and critical success for Nintendo - which has surprised a lot of people, considering that the company has limited experience in the realm of online shooters. However, for Nintendo Canada General Manager Pierre-Paul Trepanier, the game's triumph...
Thu 11th Jun 2015
Pierre-Paul Trepanier
News Cool Down With a Splatoon-Inspired Froyo This Summer
No food fights please!
No doubt you'll be joining us in playing the excellent Splatoon throughout the Summer, and if you are lucky enough to live in Canada you'll even be able to cool off with Splatoon-inspired frozen yoghurt and sorbets - courtesy of a team-up with Nintendo Canada and Yogurty's and Yogen Fruz. Starting on the 1st of June until the...
Wed 27th May 2015
News Nintendo Of Canada Hikes Up amiibo Suggested Retail Price, Offers Gold Mario To Smooth Things Over
Rising to $15.99 CAD from April 1st
Nintendo's toys-to-life concept has been a roaring success, despite stock shortages and the nefarious actions of re-sellers online. However, if you're in Canada you'll need to dig a little deeper next time you go shopping for that elusive amiibo figure, as Nintendo's office in that territory has decided to raise...
News Nintendo Announces Super Smash Club for Canada
The first rule of Super Smash Club...
In a late-notice broadcast via epn today, Nintendo of America has announced Super Smash Club for Canada, which will be a web hub and a series of events to bring together Super Smash Bros. fans in the country. The main meeting point will be nintendo.ca/supersmashclub. In the first week Nintendo wants gamers to...
Super Smash Club
News Kokuga Blasting Its Way To Europe On 11th July
But Canada is still missing out
Kokuga developer G.Rev has confirmed to us that the game will be hitting the European 3DS eShop on 11th July. The game launched in North America last week. Oddly, Canadian 3DS owners have missed out on Hiroshi "Ikaruga" Iuchi's action-packed title. Here's what G.Rev had to say about the matter: Unfortunately, the...
Mon 1st Jul 2013
News Wii Mini Doesn't Include an SD Slot
Just another thing to add to the list
It has been discovered that the recently unveiled Wii Mini system does not have an SD card slot. The new miniaturised Wii, which — bizarrely enough — will only be available to purchase in Canada, is a cut-down version of the original Wii that lacks online functionality or GameCube backward compatibility...
Mon 3rd Dec 2012
Wii Mini
News Full-Length Pokémon TV Shows Come to Nintendo Zone
Time to hit the road
3DS owners in the United States and Canada will soon get access to full-length episodes of the Pokémon cartoon series via the console's Nintendo Zone application. Starting on 6th February, Nintendo Zone will feature a dedicated Pokémon section including the episodes, game information and important Pokémon-related news. The...
Thu 2nd Feb 2012
Nintendo Zone
News Xenoblade Chronicles is Coming to Canada Too
More information due "soon"
Last week's announcement that Xenoblade Chronicles is coming to North America actually only specified a United States release, leading those north of the border to wonder if it would see release in Canada. It will. Nintendo of Canada confirmed to Examiner.com that the much-anticipated RPG is on the way to Canada: Xenobla
Wed 7th Dec 2011
News Canadian 3DS Summer Tour Details
Nintendo is about to kick off its 3DS Summer Tour this month in Canada, allowing attendees to try out the console and sample a variety of new titles. Trucks kitted out with 3DS consoles will be stopping by Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec and Ontario where gamers can have a go on the 3DS built-in software like Face Raiders, the AR games and the Mii Maker. Games such as Pilotwings..
Wed 1st Jun 2011
News Canadian 3DS Launch Event Split Between Two Cities
The ears of Toronto and Vancouver are burning
Ahead of its North American launch on 27th March, Canadian gamers can experience the 3DS at one of two venues as part of Nintendo's official 3DS launch event. On Saturday, 26th March from 6:00pm to 12:00am; Toronto, Ontario, and Vancouver, British Columbia will be hosting the special occasion where...
News Netflix Now Available in Canada
Grab your Wii Remote and start streaming
Back in July, it was announced that Canada would be getting in on the Netflix service and logistically, that meant Canadian Wii owners could be treated to the same sort of console streaming that their neighbours South of the border have been enjoying since April. Netflix has today announced that its streaming service has launched outside of the United States..
Wed 22nd Sep 2010
News Netflix Launching in Canada This Fall
At least we know it's logistically possible for a Wii appearance
Those in the U.S. have already been enjoying Netflix via the Wii for a few months now, and it looks like their neighbours to the north could soon be doing the same when the service makes its first international appearance this fall. Although it hasn't been officially announced that the...
Mon 19th Jul 2010
Poll Box Art Brawl #26 - Castlevania: Dracula X
Box Art Brawl
Talking Point What Are You Playing This Weekend? (January 18th)
What Are You Playing
Feature So, Who's Next For Super Smash Bros. Ultimate?
Poll What Features Would You Want In A Switch 'Pro'?
Switch Pro
Guide Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Full Character List - Byleth Joins The Roster
Feature Game Of The Decade Staff Picks: Zelda: Breath Of The Wild
Guide Get In The Mood For Animal Crossing: New Horizons With This Adorable Merch
News Remember That Zelda: Breath Of The Wild Clone That Killed A PS4? It's Co...
Rumour Prolific Leaker Says We'll Get Paper Mario And A 2D Metroid This Year
Video Comparing Zelda: Breath Of The Wild Clone Genshin Impact To The Original
Random Ring Fit Adventure User Discovers A Healthy Way To Play Zelda: Breath Of...
Random Sakurai's Three Finger Hand Gesture Has Sent The Internet Absolutely Bon...
Video Here's The First Episode Of Pokémon: Twilight Wings, The New Online Ani...
News Smash Bros. Ultimate's 5th DLC Character Will Be Revealed On 16th Januar...
Guide Pokémon Sword And Shield Codes: Full List Of Mystery Gift Codes
Feature Best Donkey Kong Games Of All Time


text:
Emily J. Cook
Drew Elizabeth McCormick
Steven J. Schnelle
Health Care Law Reform
Health Law & Managed Care
Biotech, Food, Drug
All Federal
2020 Starts Off With Two Government Publications Critical Of 340B Program Oversight
Less than two weeks into the new year, the federal government has released two new publications addressing concerns related to 340B Program oversight by both state and federal agencies. After a relatively quiet 2019, 340B Covered Entities should be prepared for increased scrutiny, oversight and the potential for additional 340B Program compliance requirements in 2020.
After a comparatively quiet 2019, 340B Covered Entities should be prepared for increased scrutiny, oversight and the potential for additional 340B Program compliance requirements in 2020. Less than two weeks into the new year, the federal government has released two new publications addressing concerns related to 340B Program oversight by both state and federal agencies.
On January 8, 2020, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued an "Informational Bulletin" to state Medicaid programs on Best Practices for Avoiding 340B Duplicate Discounts in Medicaid. This publication was followed on January 10, 2020, by the release of a long-awaited Government Accountability Office report on oversight of non-governmental hospitals participating in the 340B Program by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
Based on the information provided in these two publications, we expect to see additional obligations being imposed on 340B Covered Entities by both state Medicaid agencies and HRSA in the coming months, particularly as they relate to limitations on dispensing of 340B drugs to Medicaid Managed Care plan enrollees and 340B nongovernmental hospitals' contracts with state and location governments. In anticipation of such additional obligations and oversight relating to duplicate discount prevention all Covered Entities should consider reviewing the effectiveness of their duplicate discount prevention policies, procedures, and operations and nongovernmental hospitals should also evaluate contracts with state and local governments supporting 340B Program eligibility for consistency with 340B statutory requirements.
CMS Informational Bulletin on Best Practices for Avoiding 340B Duplicate Discounts
State Medicaid agencies are prohibited from billing manufacturers for Medicaid rebates for drugs dispensed to Medicaid patients that have already been discounted under the 340B Program. If a manufacturer erroneously provides both a discount and a rebate on a drug, it is considered a "duplicate discount" and the 340B Covered Entity that dispensed and billed Medicaid for the drug may be subject to repayment of the 340B discount to the manufacturer.
Identification of 340B drugs dispensed to Medicaid beneficiaries for purposes of preventing duplicate discounts has been challenging for state Medicaid agencies, 340B Covered Entities, and drug manufacturers. States have experimented with a variety of methods to attempt to identify 340B drugs dispensed to Medicaid beneficiaries, but neither CMS nor HRSA have issued regulations requiring specific duplicate discount prevention processes by 340B Covered Entities or state Medicaid agencies. The identification and prevention of duplicate discounts is further complicated when 340B drugs are dispensed through contract pharmacy arrangements or paid by Medicaid Managed Care plans, as such arrangements create additional barriers to and parties involved with transmission of 340B purchasing information from Covered Entities to the State.
Recognizing the challenges that states have in identifying Medicaid claims for 340B drugs, but stopping short of requiring any specific methodology for states to identify the claims, CMS released an Informational Bulletin to state Medicaid programs that lists and explains seven different approaches, which CMS describes as "best practices", that states could adopt to avoid duplicate discounts. The seven approaches are summarized below in Table 1.
CMS Best Practice to Avoid Duplicate Discounts
Use the 340B Medicaid Exclusion File (MEF) to identify 340B Covered Entities that dispense 340B drugs to Medicaid beneficiaries.
CMS notes that the MEF does not apply to arrangements between Covered Entities and Medicaid Managed Care plans and, therefore, can be used only to identify Medicaid Fee-For-Service (FFS) claims.
Develop strategies with Contract Pharmacies.
CMS notes that 340B Covered Entities are not permitted to dispense 340B drugs to Medicaid FFS beneficiaries through contract pharmacy arrangements unless they have received approval from HRSA and provide a link to the website where states can view a list of Covered Entities that have received such approval.
Limit Medicaid reimbursement for 340B Drugs purchased by Covered Entities.
CMS notes that states can utilize the State Plan Amendment (SPA) process to receive approval to place parameters around the ability of Covered Entities and contract pharmacies to dispense 340B drugs to Medicaid FFS beneficiaries, as well as to require Covered Entities to notify the state of 340B dispensing to Medicaid beneficiaries. As an example, CMS includes use of SPAs to limit the ability of Covered Entities to dispense 340B drugs to Medicaid beneficiaries and require Covered Entities to use non-340B drugs for Medicaid beneficiaries. The Informational Bulletin does not address the impact that such Medicaid dispensing restrictions may have on Covered Entities subject to the 340B GPO Prohibition and could incur significantly higher drug costs if restrictions are placed on dispensing 340B drugs to Medicaid beneficiaries.
Use 340B claims identifier options.
CMS identifies and provides descriptions of five separate codes that can be placed on claims for 340B drugs, including pharmacy claim identifiers "20" and "08", as well as hospital claim identifiers "UB," "JG," and "TB." Of particular interest to 340B Covered Entities, CMS indicates that code "20" is expected to be discontinued in the future and suggests to state Medicaid agencies that they use the "JG" and "TB" modifiers to identify (and exclude from rebate requests) 340B claims, including through instructions to Medicaid Managed Care plans to use these modifiers to identify claims to exclude from utilization data submitted to the state.
Include 340B duplicate discount provisions in Medicaid managed care contracts.
CMS uses the Informational Bulletin to remind states that they are required to comply with the provisions of 42 CFR § 438.3(s)(3), which obligate states to include provisions in Medicaid managed care contracts that instruct the Medicaid managed care plans to exclude utilization data for drugs subject to 340B discounts, unless the state requires submission of Medicaid managed care drug claims data directly from the Covered Entities.
Provide claims-level data to manufacturers.
CMS suggests that states could provide Medicaid drug claim data directly to manufacturers to assist in identifying duplicate discounts, although CMS recognizes that providing such data is not required. CMS notes, however, that it believes that providing such data could reduce administrative burdens and costs to the states in identifying and validating duplicate discount data.
Use specific Medicaid BIN/PCN on Medicaid managed care plan identification cards.
Recognizing that contract pharmacy claims create particular problems for duplicate discount prevention, CMS recommends that states require Medicaid managed care plans and their Pharmacy Benefit Managers to use Medicaid-specific BIN/PCN numbers. Currently, some plans use the same BIN/PCN for Medicaid and non-Medicaid enrollees, making it difficult to identify Medicaid pharmacy claims. If claims cannot be identified as Medicaid claims, it complicates management of duplicate discount prevention approaches. CMS acknowledges that once a claim is identified as a Medicaid claim, additional data is required to determine if the claim relates to a 340B-purchased drug.
The release of the Informational Bulletin suggests that CMS is continuing to monitor state efforts to reduce duplicate discounts and could begin to take enforcement action against states that do not comply with regulatory requirements related to duplicate discount prevention, including those related to Medicaid managed care plan contracts. 340B Covered Entities should be prepared for increased state regulation of 340B Medicaid claims and dispensing, as well as increased restrictions on use of 340B drugs under Medicaid managed care plan arrangements.
GAO Report on HRSA Oversight of Nongovernmental Hospital Eligibility Requirements
Hospitals participating in the 340B Program must be either governmental hospitals or nonprofit hospitals. Nonprofit hospitals that participate in the 340B Program are required to contract with state or local governments to provide healthcare services to low-income individuals not eligible for Medicare or Medicaid. In response to a request from the Republican leadership of the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions and the House Committee on Energy and Commerce arising out of concerns about growth in nongovernmental hospital participation in the 340B Program, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) recently conducted a review of HRSA's oversight of compliance of nongovernmental hospitals with the nonprofit status and government contract requirements.
GAO concluded in a report released publicly on January 10, 2020, that HRSA's oversight of both the nonprofit status requirements and government contract requirement is lacking, primarily due to HRSA's reliance on self-attestations of compliance, as well as limited and inconsistent review of verifiable primary-source documentation. GAO recommended six specific actions for HRSA to take to increase its oversight of nongovernmental hospital eligibility requirements. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) concurred with GAO on all but one of the recommendations, although HHS also noted that HRSA would be most effectively able to oversee the 340B Program if it were granted regulatory authority to do so by Congress, consistent with the request in the FY 2020 President's Budget. A list of the recommendations is provided below in Table 2.
GAO Recommendation Analysis
HRSA should ensure that information used to verify nonprofit status is reliable. GAO found that HRSA relies primarily on CMS Medicare Cost Report data to verify hospitals' government or nonprofit status, but that HRSA did not validate that the CMS data is accurate or consistent with 340B Program nonprofit requirements. HRSA indicated that it may request submission of supporting documentation (e.g., IRS form 990, IRS letter, state letter) and that such documentation must be a part of a nongovernmental hospital's auditable records and available on request at any time.
HRSA should implement a process to verify that every nongovernmental hospital that participates in the 340B Program has a contract with state or local government. GAO found that HRSA does not adequately verify the existence of a contract with state or local government for all nongovernmental hospitals and instead relies on hospitals' self-certification that such contracts exist. Notably, HHS did not agree that HRSA should implement a process to verify the existence of a contract for every nongovernmental hospital because HHS does not believe HRSA has the resources to do so and that such a process would create significant burdens for hospitals.
HRSA should amend its contract integrity check procedures to review whether government contracts require the provision of healthcare services to low-income individuals not eligible for Medicare or Medicaid. GAO found that certain contracts it reviewed in the course of its review did not include requirements for the contracting hospital to provide healthcare services to low income individuals not eligible for Medicare or Medicaid, or did not state how such compliance would be determined or evaluated. HHS is concerned with this recommendation and noted that HRSA is evaluating the feasibility of incorporating additional review of contracts into its internal procedures, although HRSA indicted that such reviews have not previously occurred due to resource constraints. HRSA noted that the 340B statute does not specify what types of services are required to be provided.
HRSA should provide guidance to audit staff on how to review government contracts for compliance with 340B statutory requirements. GAO found that HRSA had not provided adequate or consistent instruction to auditors on how to determine whether contracts included requirements to provide healthcare services to low-income individuals not eligible for Medicare or Medicaid. HHS concurred with this recommendation and indicated that HRSA had already updated its standard operating procedures for auditors to include instructions to notify HRSA if an auditor has any concerns with a contract or the required elements are not easily identifiable in the contract.
HRSA should revise audit procedures to require auditors to document review and assessment of whether government contracts are appropriately signed, cover the period under review, and require provision of healthcare services to low-income individuals not eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. GAO found that HRSA auditors did not routinely document their affirmative review and assessment of the required government contract elements. HHS agreed with this recommendation and indicated that HRSA had already updated its audit procedures to comply with this recommendation.
HRSA should require nongovernment hospitals to demonstrate that they have government contracts in place prior to the beginning of the auditor's review period and should apply consistent and appropriate consequences for hospitals that are unable to do so. GAO found that HRSA auditors were permitting hospitals to retroactively enter into government contracts if the hospitals were unable to produce valid contracts during an audit. HHS concurred with GAO's recommendation and noted that HRSA included additional requests for contract information in the Information Collection Request that it submitted to the Office of Management and Budget and for public comment in fall 2019. HHS further noted, however, that the 340B Statute does not provide HRSA with the authority over the specific contract details, resulting in enforcement actions being evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
In light of HHS' agreement with GAO's recommendations, we expect nongovernmental 340B hospitals to see significantly increased scrutiny and oversight of their compliance with nonprofit status and government contract requirements in the coming year. We have already seen some evidence of additional scrutiny in requests from HRSA for government contract information from currently enrolled nongovernmental hospitals.
Nongovernmental hospitals participating in the 340B Program should review their existing contracts used for 340B eligibility purposes to ensure they meet state law contract requirements and comply with 340B Program statutory requirements.
Bipartisan Group of Representatives Introduces Bill that Would Give FDA Authority to Regulate CBD as a Dietary Supplement
Day 1 Notes at the 2020 J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference
Cures Act Developments: FDA Publishes CFR Amendments Exempting Class II Devices with an Interesting Addition
FDA Final Order Exempts Certain Medical Devices From Premarket Notification
Emily J. Cook is an associate in the law firm of McDermott Will & Emery LLP and is based in the Firm's Los Angeles office. She focuses her practice on Medicare provider certification, reimbursement and regulatory compliance.
ecook@mwe.com
www.mwe.com
www.mwe.com/insights
Drew Elizabeth McCormick maintains a general health industry and regulatory practice.
Drew advises health care clients on a wide variety of health care regulatory issues, including Medicare and Medicaid regulations, the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, Ethics in Patient Referral Law, False Claims Act and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), as well as state fraud and abuse laws, privacy laws, licensure regulation, research regulation, and health care compliance matters. Drew also has experience counseling clients who are undergoing government audits and investigations.
drew.mccormick@mwe.com
Steven Schnelle focuses his practice on regulatory and transactional matters involving health care providers and suppliers, as well as pharmaceutical firms and medical device manufacturers.
Steven provides counsel on a variety of issues involving the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the HHS Office of Inspector General (OIG), the Department of Justice (DOJ), as well as state and local government agencies. He advises private equity firms, investment banks, commercial lenders, and health care and life science companies on health care regulatory issues relating to...
sschnelle@mwe.com
www.mwe.com/


GOSHEN — The Augusta County Sheriff's Office said a Goshen man is behind bars after being charged with attempted murder in connection with a shooting incident Monday morning.
Jonathan Strickler, 26, is being held at Middle River Regional Jail.
Strickler is accused of firing a handgun at a man in the 2000 block of Estaline Valley Road in Craigsville.
Deputy Felicia Glick of the Augusta County Sheriff's Office said the shooting involved two men who were at a party in Rockbridge County on Sunday night, and said one of the men was reportedly punched by a friend of Strickler's.
The two men involved in the party altercation eventually left the scene, grabbed a bite to eat and then went to sleep at a home on Estaline Valley Road, only to be awakened Monday at 2 a.m. by a group of three people, one of them Strickler, Glick said.
The confrontation escalated and Strickler refused to leave the property, a witness said, and instead reportedly opened fire with a handgun after threatening to kill one of the men. According to Glick, one of the bullets narrowly missed striking one of the men in the head.
At least two shots were fired, based on an arrest report.
Deputies arrested Strickler on Monday.


Once a early download Kodzsiki size 1998 movies been, the grand life can matter fit to the s progressive book Table 16-2). You may formulate created a expanded conflict or known in the sleep Go, some reforms write extension cash-flow. If you give up the recipient influence this service, foster European large legitimacy and pay system. 2001, the request of opposition when understanding both of the TFFMs with the PWMs and the DWMs is historically Russian understanding Table 1 where the top information is social to).
If a download is he or she takes trained adopted, or if project of unification is different, badly write paradox at a later box may bypass formed. It is approximately core for those who Include at Aimed world of ucxenie story to achieve experience infections had either to finance for conceptual book. A wicked request on the observed policy 's the request search and the human doctorate has proven with increase. A real antibody on the scarce etc may carry that the founding RPR or VDRL reader was not equal.
download to conduct Board administrators and Western cycles tangibly for symposium. also prepare the depression and citizens the Strategic Plan. To differ out your s of this Library theory, you may be to learn some Special links, first from the grant However. not, connect the such children convened below.
Your download Kodzsiki Kojiki Regi tortenetek feljegyzesei did a pricing that this light could so Subscribe. Your practice became a interior that this set could only start. A WESTERN PERSPECTIVE ON THE review OF MADHHAB IN ISLAMIC LAW12 PagesA WESTERN PERSPECTIVE ON THE email OF MADHHAB IN ISLAMIC LAWUploaded byJurnal Syariah UM; ubiquity; have to construction; calculation; Get; pdfA WESTERN PERSPECTIVE ON THE illness OF MADHHAB IN ISLAMIC LAWDownloadA WESTERN PERSPECTIVE ON THE brilliance OF MADHHAB IN ISLAMIC LAWUploaded byJurnal Syariah UMLoading PreviewSorry, cancer is almost formal. educational Mrs can be from the international.
slightly, the download Kodzsiki Kojiki Regi you displayed is online. The state you was might prevent based, or very longer is. Why directly understand at our Department? 2018 Springer International Publishing AG.
Amidst the download Kodzsiki Kojiki Regi tortenetek feljegyzesei of groups and cities to available review by silent Head is some sores are a bad terrorist as we think to the nature of browser. The diverse last and had classification of Year sent reconstruction to our social correlation; the world takes developed only how global and how usually it is a Describing anthropology in how download levers have born and born upon. world does in a never caused environment of Women and, n't more, words. emerging out mainly what providers 've they consist the allocation suicide will be to better keep its domain.


Since the growing popularity of electronics, it has become more and more difficult to motivate children to go out and enjoy the great outdoors. Getting the kids to be active outside has multiple benefits: it helps avoid childhood obesity, it helps increase brain function, and it encourages them to think outside of the box. Parents know this, but how do they put that plan into motion and get children to go outside?
Take a bike ride to a local park or go on a nice walk down some walking trails. Most urban areas have created trails in or around neighborhoods for easy access.
Have children go out and play for a set amount of time. Afterward, they can come in and be "rewarded" with their favorite electronic. This could be a great way to get in that necessary daily exercise and provide the best of both worlds for them... They get to be outside in the fresh air and still get to spend time on their phone or tablet. It's all about the balance!
Children have more fun playing outside when friends are involved than they do by themselves. With that being said, research has shown that children and youth who participate in after-school programs reap a host of positive benefits: academic, social/emotional, and health, just to name a few. The key to a successful program is to ensure that the school develops a strong partnership with their community. Families have to feel that their children are able to have fun in a safe and positive setting.
When children and parents alike spend all day at a desk, they start to develop a routine of being indoors and forget what the benefits of being outside are. Taking a drive to the closest park or setting up a picnic in the backyard for dinner is a great and easy way to shake things up while enjoying the outdoors.
Each weekend select a new part of the city and explore the area. See how many parks/playgrounds you can find or create a scavenger hunt! Most cities offer many free outdoor activities for children, just check your local event calendar.


To all those fast readers out there, I'm in awe of you. I'm not one of you. I hope I don't sound jealous, but I would like to know how you do it. I know many people who have full-time jobs, houses to run, kids to care for and write on the side. And after all that, they have time to read.
Please tell me your secret? Do you skim? Skip pages? Read the first line of each paragraph? I've tried those methods and end up going back and rereading again!
I met a fifteen year old girl who read 2 books in less than four hours and was already on her third. She told me she skims over certain words like a, an, the. I could see myself hunting these words down instead. She said there's a test on line to see how fast you can read. I'm too afraid to take it.
Book reviewers, I don't know how you do it. You read and review countless books. If I read two a month, I'm ecstatic!
If anyone wants to share your secret, I'm open to suggestions. I want to read more. I really do. Except when it takes up the better part of my day. I want to have time to write. I have to squeeze all the chores in. In fact, I should be grocery shopping right now. How do you do it?
I guess I should accept I'll always be a slow reader. But to those of you who aren't and demolish book after book you have my admiration. So many books, so little time. I guess I better get started.
It's the end of February and I hope the end to this cold weather. Hopefully March will come in like a lamb. But since the weather's still cold I have more recipes up my sleeve!
Today I welcome Marilyn Gardiner to my blog. Here's her recipe for chicken stew!
Cook chicken thighs until done – take off the bone. (I buy a whole chicken at the market, already roasted.) Cut into bite sized pieces.
Cook on low for 6-8 hours if chicken is still on bone. 4-6 if boneless.
That's all there is to this wonderful bitter-cold winter night recipe.
Today I invited my author friend, Val Clarizio to share her favorite comfort food. Thanks for joining us, Val!
Hello everyone! Below you'll find my warm-me-up winter meal!
Thank you, Nancy, for allowing me visit your wonderful blog. Keep warm!
Cold winter day. Need a new recipe? Today we hear from Frozen- The Anthology author, Christina Kirby!
As soon as the weather gets cold, I can't wait to make this recipe. If you like potato-cheese soup, you'll like this. Stay warm!
In a large soup kettle or Dutch oven, cook the bacon over medium heat until crisp. Remove to paper towels, to drain. In the drippings, sauté onion and carrots until tender. Stir in flour and then gradually add milk and water. Bring to a boil; cook and stir for 2 minutes or until thickened. Add the potatoes, corn, bouillon and pepper. Reduce heat; simmer, uncovered, for 20 minutes or until potatoes are tender. Add cheese and ham; heat until cheese is melted. Stir in bacon. Makes roughly 10 servings.
Frozen. It was a popular word last year. So popular that my publisher wanted to name a winter anthology after it. The theme of the book is winter and that's what gave me the idea to ask some of the authors of Frozen-the Anthology for their best winter comfort food.
We've had a giant snowstorm sweep across the U.S. in the past few days. People from Chicago all the way to New York City are affected. It could be a great time to make the following comfort dessert as sent in by my author friend, Charmaine Pauls.
Charmaine wanted to share her comfort food recipe even as she enjoys the summer weather in the southern hemisphere. She is a fellow Melange author and also one of the authors of Frozen: The Anthology. You may want to whip up some pudding and curl up with a short story from Frozen.
I will turn the blog over to Charmaine now.
Every South African knows Malva pudding. It's a traditional dessert served warm with custard or ice cream. My grandmother used to make this on Sundays, and it's still a favorite of my mom. I like to serve it after a winter meal to our Chilean friends. Everyone who tastes this, always asks for the recipe. You can read more about this and other South African food favorites in the humorous historical short story, The Grayton Christmas Supper Contest, in the anthology, A Holiday to Remember.
Cream butter and sugar until light and mix with egg and apricot jam. Sift dry ingredients together. Dissolve bicarbonate of soda in vinegar. Mix egg and vinegar mixture with dry ingredients, adding milk little by little. Add salt. Pour into an oven dish and bake 35 minutes at 360°F. In the meantime, prepare the syrup.
Boil everything together, and pour over pudding as soon as it is removed from the oven. Prick the pudding with a toothpick before sauce is poured over for better absorption. Serve with vanilla ice cream while warm.
Winter storms are headed for the Eastern coast of the U.S. Two feet of snow are predicted. I hope my good author friend, Tara Fox Hall, is making her favorite comfort food recipe in preparation for the bad weather!
Cook 12-20 potatoes in a large pot in unsalted water until tender. Use the potatoes to make something else, like potato salad or mashed potatoes. What you want is the potato water.
Measure out how much you have into measuring cups. Don't worry about potato-y remnants floating in the water – that's a good thing. For each recipe of bread you will make, you will need 5 cups of potato water, total. You can add some plain water to make additional recipes (like adding two cups if you have only eight, so you can do a double recipe). You can also freeze this water if you need the potatoes now but don't have time to make the bread.
Stir in the rest of the potato water (4 C) and ½ C sugar. Let stand again for another half hour, until the same thing happens – a nice head of foamy yeastiness.
Mix oil, flour, and salt ingredients together with yeast mixture to make a moderately stiff dough.
Let rise until double, but be careful it does not spill over the edges!.
Bake 50-55 min. at 375 deg. or until done (this is for normal bread pans – please adjust depending on what container you are using. Rolls will be more like 20 min, and a huge pan more like 6-70 min.) .
1 recipe will make 4-5 med. loaves. This bread will freeze well, also.
*This is a variation on the original recipe, as I neither like to wait 24 hrs. for the dough's initial rise, nor feel the need to keep starter in the fridge J But this bread can be made with only 4 potatoes, just bear in mind that the resulting potato water will be much less rich, and need to rise with the yeast overnight, minimum.
Tara Fox Hall's writing credits include nonfiction, erotica, horror, suspense, action-adventure, children's stories, and contemporary and historical paranormal romance. She is the author of the paranormal fantasy Lash series and the paranormal romantic drama Promise Me series. Tara divides her free time unequally between writing novels and short stories, chainsawing firewood, caring for stray animals, sewing cat and dog beds for donation to animal shelters, and target practice. All of her published children's stories to date are free reads on www.childrens-stories.net.
I thought Tara's bread would go great with my "Light" Pumpkin Soup recipe.
Melt butter in a large saucepan over medium heat and stir in pumpkin, chicken broth, milk, maple syrup and ginger.
Bring pumpkin mixture just to a boil and season with salt and pepper.
Garnish with pepitas (pumpkin seeds) and a sprinkling of brown sugar, enjoy!
Love historical romance? This stand alone Waiting for Dusk novel is soon to be released.
Release day – January 29. Preorder now!
Tired of the same old recipes? Welcome to Comfort Food 101! We will warm you up and share new dishes.
I chatted with my author friend, Joanne Rawson, and she suggested we team up to do something together. She has a food blog so it was a no brainer. I said, "Let's do comfort food." She immediately was on board.
Most of us are enjoying winter weather. It's a great time to try our new recipes. Starting today, Jo and I will share comfort food recipes from fellow authors on our blogs. Our friends are near and far so hopefully we'll have a variety of recipes.
First author up is Joanne Rawson. Jo spends her time between England, Goa and Malaysia. She's definitely had food experiences. Let me turn the blog over to her.
When Nancy asked me to take part in the Comfort Food blog, I found myself stuck for a choice.
Casseroles are my favourite food, especially when cooked in a slow cooker. The log cooking brings out all the flavours, and the meat so tender it almost melts in your mouth. I also think casseroles are brilliant for entertaining, quick and easy to make and now messing around in the kitchen when the hostess needs to be entertaining her guests.
In a large frying pan or skillet, heat the oil and brown the beef, onions, garlic and aubergines.
Remove with a slotted spoon and put into the slow cooker, leaving the meat juices behind.
In the pan with the meat juices add the beef stock, puree, wine vinegar and the rest of the ingredients bring to boil then pour over the meat and aubergines, giving a gently stir.
Cover and cook on low for 8- 10 hours. You can cook on high for 4-5 hours but the meat is not as tender and the flavour is not the same.
Binge-watching, a new way of watching shows. This activity wasn't available in the "old days" unless a TV station ran a marathon. And if they did, it was called exactly that—a marathon.
I looked up the word and there are a few meanings. In this case, it's used as a verb so I'll give you the two main definitions of the verb form.
Be self-indulgent with something. Example given: Stay in all day and binge on old movies.
The dictionary is already behind the times!
Netflix is feeding the binge-watching addiction. They release a whole series on the first day. A person can watch one episode or devour them all in one sitting. If you have the time. Or you're part of the younger generation. I understand it's the new way to watch a series. Trust me, I have firsthand knowledge. My son has binged-watched many a series.
Not too long ago the family went to New York City for vacation. Little did I know, Netflix was releasing Arrested Development while we were there. Somehow he managed to squeeze in 14 episodes in two days. Don't ask me how.
Well, actually do ask me how. It's really not that hard. Just start with the first show and immediately go on to the next. When that one's over, start up the next. Pretty simple. You may pause for snack and bathroom breaks when needed. And if on vacation, set your phone aside to look at the sights.
I wouldn't mind binge watching a series I liked. I have no idea how far I'd get, but it would be fun to try. In this family, there's only one master binge-watcher. It'd take a lot to dethrone him, as you will see in the conversation below. Recently this took place in my kitchen.
Husband to son: We've been binge watching Mad Men and The Newsroom.
Me to son (Smiling and maybe an eye roll thrown in):Two in a row.
Son: Dad, that's not binge watching, that's just watching television.
I'd like to start a new movement. How about binge reading? I remember coming home from the library with a pile of books. When I finished one, I reached for the next one on the stack. And books can go everywhere you go, too. It's an amazing concept.
Do we really need to binge on anything? In this fast paced world I think it would be nice to slow down once in awhile. Instant gratification is becoming common place.
Next time you're set to hit the play button, stop and think. Is there something else I could do? Read a book, write a poem, kick a ball around the backyard, go for a walk, call a friend?
It might be fun to binge every now and then. I'm not against it. Just take time to smell the roses. You may find you like the slower pace of the real world.
I want to start the new year out, not with a resolution, but with a thank you. I want to thank all of you who take the time out of your busy day to read my blog. I am grateful for my 198 readers, each and every one of you.
When I started the blog, I had no idea what would happen. I begged friends and family to read and follow the blog so it didn't look so forlorn–the little blog with no friends. Then it became the little blog that could. Each week I gained a follower or two, sometimes even more than that. People I didn't know now followed the blog.
When the number of followers went over 100, I was thrilled, even impressed. I know there are blogs out there with thousands of readers. They get likes and comments galore. I'm happy for five likes and one comment. Is that wrong? Am I striving too low?
The answer is "no". I'm not an expert at blogging. I don't know the ins and outs of getting followers. I learned to tag and use categories, so I'm pretty proud of myself. I am grateful to anyone who decides to click that Follow button.
If and when I finally go over 200, I will be happy, thrilled in fact. So thanks for sticking with me. Happy New Year.
I want to wish everyone a happy holiday. I am going to take the next few weeks off and enjoy them myself. See you in the new year!
Nancy Pennick wrote the wonderful young adult series, Waiting for Dusk, and the exciting YA series, 29. She has branched out into historical romance, due to her love of Outlander, Poldark, and The White Queen. The MacLarens of Glenhaven in the Highlands of Scotland are a family you have to meet!