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Film from 1919 at Il Cinema Ritrovato
Date: August 20, 2019Author: keith1942 0 Comments
Neil Brand at the piano in the Modernissimo
Every year this Archive Festival in Bologna has a programme of titles from the parallel year in the 20th century, A Hundred Years Ago: 1919′. The curators of the programme, Mariann Lewinsky and Karl Wratschko, made the point in the Festival Catalogue:
1919 is the first year of the A Hundred Years Ago strand for which a certain canon exists . . . the easiest option seemed not to be the most interesting one, and we decided, as in every year since 2004, to go on a pilgrimage to the archives and view as many films from 1919 as possible . . . We also decided at an early stage to include as many short films as possible …
They also argued that the focus is on films from Germany and Scandinavia.
This was not planned but simply happened as a result of the fact that in 1919 the most interesting films were made there.
So we enjoyed some known classics, unknown films and surprises, and a programme of varied short films from small dramas to travelogues and newsreels. One of the attractions of the selection was that the bulk of the screenings were on 35mm. Even so, given the complexity of the overall festival programme, with up to seven screens at any one time, it was not possible to see every single film.
The programme was divided into eight chapters, the first being 'Old and New'.
Here we saw Carl Théodor Dreyer's very fine The President (Præsedenten, 1919). Adapted from an Austrian novel the President of the title is a judge. His fallibility repeats the transgression of both his father and grandfather. The print from the Danish Film Institute was both tinted and toned and the visual quality was enhanced by a fine accompaniment by Gabriel Thibaudeau. This was a great film to revisit.
'The President'
Three other titles were by Jakov Protozanov, Mauritz Stiller {Sir Arne's Treasure / Herr Arnes Pengar} and Augusto Genina. The last was a social comedy, The Mask and the Face / La maschera e il volto, in which a husband's macho boasts on what he will do if his wife takes a lover come back to haunt him.
Next was 'Censorship Abolished. German 'Vice and Enlightenment Films".
A vice film (in German: Sittenfilm) is a film that, under the mantle of 'enlightenment', deals with taboo subjects mostly from the field of sexuality. (Karl Wratschko in the Catalogue).
There was a film directed by Richard Oswald on a gay them, Different from the Others (Anders als die andern). The Pimp (Der Mädchenhirt) directed by Karl Grune with prostitution and venereal decease in the plot. When censorship was re-imposed it disappeared from view. Whilst Misericordia (Tötet nicht mehr!) was a committed film addressing capital punishment directed by Lupu Pick.
'Indian Cinema' was a screening of D. G. Phalke's Kaliya Mardan (The Childhood of Krishna). This is one of the few surviving silent films made in India and the only film by the key pioneer Phalke to survive almost complete.
'Three actresses from the US with Love' featured an extract from Creaking Stairs with Mary McLaren who also starred in Lois Weber's Shoes (1916). A woman director, Ruth Stonehouse's Rosalind at Redgate. And the French director Albert Capellani working with the star Nazimova at the Metro Picture Corporation. This drama, The Red Lantern, was set during the 'Boxer rebellion in China; with fairly awful stereotypes of Chinese people.
'Independent Cinema' offered Back to God's Country, a Canadian wilderness adventure. Historien om en gut / The Story of a Boy, a Norwegian drama of a boy who runs away. And fragments from La Fête Espagnole / Spanish Fiesta directed by Germaine Dulac. All three showed the way that many independent productions utilized actual locations, offering natural detail often lacking from studio productions.
The sixth chapter was titled 'Revolution', Karl Wratschko commented;
1919 was one of the most revolutionary years in the C20th. In this year there was revolutionary activity in many different countries of Europe as well as in Egypt.
From Hungary we had a film by Mihály Kertész [later Michael Curtiz] My Brother is Coming (Jön az öcsém), adapted from a revolutionary poem,
released barely two weeks after the proclamation of the world's second communist republic . . .
'My Brother is Coming'
From the opposite standpoint came Die Bolschewistischen … (Germany) which depicted the killing by the Bolsheviks in Ukraine of the opposition in the Civil War. A German newsreel showed the street battles during the Spartacist uprising in Berlin. A second included the funeral of one of the Spartacist leaders Rosa Luxemburg.
'Nature, Humour, Science' provided a sense of a cinema visit in the early C19th.
. . . for nearly two decades, . . . [this] meant not seeing a long story . . . , but some 10 to 15 short films from a wide range of genres and with maximum diversity in aesthetic impact and emotional register; . . . (Mariann Lewinsky in the Festival Catalogue).
So we had non-fiction, newsreel, adverts and comedy. There was the famous and staged signing of the United Artists incorporation with the stars gathered round Chaplin. From the Soviet Union 'The Funeral of Vera Kholodnaya, a major star of the Russian silent cinema, including films with Evgeni Bauer. The adverts were animated films from a French pioneer, Robert Lortac. And among the comedies was Seff Kostet 24,50 dollar groteske von seff (Austria). This followed the adventures of a tailor's dummy and its human look-a-like.
Dummy or human?
The final part of the programme was a serial screened in parts, morning and evenings, at the Modernissimo. This is an underground cinema waiting restoration but extremely atmospheric and [seemingly] the coolest spot in Bologna. I Topi Grigi is an Italian production starring and directed by Emilio Ghione. A major star Ghione played Za la Mort, a master of disguise, who has eight episodes to outwit and bring to justice the 'Grey Rats' of the title. As always in serials there were cliff-hanging ends of episodes, a variety of criminal enterprises, a changing cast of villains and victims and a final denouement between hero and arch-villain. Following the whole serial was a commitment but a bonus was that one would hear nearly all of the ensemble of talented musicians who accompany the silent screenings.
35mmIl Cinema Ritrovato
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Mr. Keyes was very respectful and turned a difficult situation into a more manageable thing to go through. He was always available to talk to when we needed legal advice, and even encouragement when the thought of filing bankruptcy got the best of us. Since we filed at a rather young age, he has become somewhat of a mentor to my wife and I. We filed bankruptcy in March of 2009 and we look back on that time -what most would see as a black spot in their past- as a chance for a fresh start, and the time we made a true friend.


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Space for Elephants
Foundation to help elephnats in their search of space in Africa
The SEF is Doing Their Best to Save the Magnificent African Elephant
The South African Cricket Board Helped Raise Money for Elephants
Posted on December 3, 2019 December 3, 2019 by dvgwsxqp
Everyone on the South African cricket team are proud to be able to call themselves South Africans. They realize that there are certain things that make South Africa the country that it is, and its diverse wildlife is one of those. The country will become a poorer place if elephants become extinct.
Keywords: stock, elephants, wildlife, poaching, trophy hunting K6C5EP baby elephants playing in Kenya, Amboseli
A Brilliant Idea to Raise Money for Elephant Charities
In 2009, the South African Cricket Board (SACB) came up with a fantastic idea to help raise some money for the Space for Elephants Foundation (SEF).
England were touring that year to play two T20I matches, 5 ODI games, and four tests. The SACB declared that for every six that was scored in any of the matches, 500 rand would be donated to the SEF.
This gave the players an extra incentive to try and go big as not only would they be helping their team towards a big score; they would also be helping the elephants out. What's not to like about that?
So How Many Sixes Were Scored?
The first T20I match took place on the 13th November. England scored 202 from their 20 overs, with Eoin Morgan striking five sixes and Paul Collingwood hitting four. In their reply, Graeme Smith and Loots Bosman belted four sixes each.
The second T20I took place two days later. South Africa scored 241 from their 20 overs, with Bosman smacking nine sixes, Smith hitting six sixes, and Albie Morkel and AD de Villiers hitting one each. In reply, Jonathan Trott hit three sixes, Kevin Pietersen hit two, and Luke Wright hit 1.
The T20I series ended 1-1 but, more importantly, 40 sixes were hit over the two games, meaning 20,000 rand was raised.
The first ODI match was meant to take place on the 20th November, but the match was abandoned due to poor weather.
The second ODI match took place on the 22nd November. In South Africa's 50 overs, Jean-Paul Duminy, Alviro Petersen, and Dale Steyn hit one six each. During England's innings, Collingwood hit two sixes and Eoin Morgan hit one.
The third ODI was played on the 27th November. South Africa batted first, but the only six of their innings was scored by Mark Boucher. During England's innings, Collingwood hit three sixes, while Pietersen and Wright hit one each.
The fourth ODI was played on the 29th of November. However, unfortunately, not a single six was hit by either side. To add salt into the wound, the fifth and final ODI match was abandoned without a ball being bowled.
England won the ODI series 2-1 but, once again, more importantly, 12 sixes were struck, meaning an additional 6,000 rand was raised.
The first test match was played between the 16-20th December. In South Africa's first innings, Jacques Kallis hit one six while Duminy hit another. In England's first innings, Graeme Swann belted two sixes, while Pietersen, Collingwood, and Anderson hit one each. Two more sixes were hit in South Africa's second innings by de Villiers and Boucher. England didn't hit any sixes in their second innings.
The second test was played between the 26-30th December. South Africa batted first and Steyn scored three sixes. England hit four sixes in their first innings off the bats of Ian Bell, Matt Prior, Stuart Broad, and Swann. South Africa didn't hit any sixes in their second innings and England didn't need to bat again.
The third test was played between the 3-7th January. There were only two sixes hit throughout the course of this whole match and these came off the bats of Duminy and Boucher in South Africa's second innings.
The fourth and final match of the tour was played between the 14-18th January. England batted first and hit three sixes, two by Collingwood and one by Swann. South Africa didn't hit any in their first innings, while Collingwood added one more in England's second innings. South Africa weren't required to bat again.
The test series ended 1-1 but, more importantly, 22 sixes were hit. This means that a total of 11,000 rand was raised.
So How Much Was Raised Overall?
Well, 20,000 rand was raised during the T20I matches, 6,000 rand was raised during the ODI games, and 11,000 rand was raised from the test matches. This meant that 37,000 rand was raised overall. However, the SACB took into consideration that some of the games were abandoned, so rounded it up to 40,000 rand.
Furthermore, all the players who had won the Player of the Match award collectively decided to add their cash prizes to the donation. This meant that the final donation to the SEF was 85,000 rand.
Todd Baker Played Poker to Win the Freedom of Two Elephants
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Q: php DateTime object comparison I have simple DateTime lesson. I'm comparing the 2 DateTime objects and they dont work right. I've tried swapping things around and it still fails. It fails when I enter the current date manually, even if the date is the same. I have to enter a date manually though. Thanks for any help. Heres the function:
function dtcompare(){
    //I make the date the same as the current
    //date and it doesnt echo that its equal.
    $date1 = new DateTime('5/9/2015'); //a date entered
    $date2 = new DateTime(); //the current date
    $mdy = 'n/j/Y'; //the format

    if($date1 == $date2){

        echo "d1 == d2"; //This should be echoing
    }
    elseif($date1  > $date2){

        echo "d1 > d2";
    }
    elseif($date1 < $date2){

        echo "    d1 < d2    "; //but this always echos
    }
  }

I changed everything to make format comparisons, but now the lowest date echos even when I put in a future date. Heres what happens:

function dtcompare(){

    $date1 = new DateTime('5/18/2015'); //a future date
    $date2 = new DateTime(); //the current date
    $mdy = 'n/j/Y'; //the format

    if($date1->format($mdy) == $date2->format($mdy)){

        echo "d1 == d2";
    }
    elseif($date1->format($mdy)  > $date2->format($mdy)){
        //This will echo if the date is in the next month 6/1/2015
        echo "d1 > d2";
    }
    elseif($date1->format($mdy) < $date2->format($mdy)){

        //This echos even though it's not 5/18/2015 yet!
        echo $date1->format($mdy)."d1 < d2".$date2->format($mdy);
    }
  }

I've been playing with this, and I got it to work by using some of both. I think this is not the way its supposed to work and might cause problems with some other date now that im unaware of. Heres what I did:

function dtcompare(){

    $date1 = new DateTime('5/12/2015'); //a future date
    $date2 = new DateTime(); //the current date
    $mdy = 'n/j/Y'; //the format

    //Using the datetime->format for == comparisons and the other
    //way for datetimes greater or less than. This works, but I think this is NOT
    //how this should work though. It feels like a rig for something that
    //should work one way (DateTime->format() comparison) or another (DateTime comparison w.o format)
    if($date1->format($mdy) == $date2->format($mdy)){
        echo 'date1 and date2 have the same date and time';
    }
    elseif($date1 > $date2){
        echo 'date1 > date2 meaning its a later date and time';
    }
    elseif($date1 < $date2){
        echo 'date1 < date2 meaning its an earlier date and time';
    }
}

A: Well you defined your format in which you want to compare your two DateTime's, but you didn't used it.
Just use format() with your format variable when you compare the two DateTimes's otherwise also secons and minutes, just  everything gets compared.
if($date1->format($mdy) == $date2->format($mdy)){
       //^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ See here, to just compare month, day and year
    echo "d1 == d2"; //This should be echoing
}
elseif($date1->format($mdy)  > $date2->format($mdy)){

    echo "d1 > d2";
}
elseif($date1->format($mdy) < $date2->format($mdy)){

    echo "    d1 < d2    "; //but this always echos
}

EDIT:
This should work for you, you have to first format your date and then take the timestamp, like this:
$mdy = 'n/j/Y'; //the format
$date1 = strtotime((new DateTime('5/18/2015'))->format($mdy));
$date2 = strtotime((new DateTime())->format($mdy));

if($date1 == $date2){
    echo "d1 == d2";
} elseif($date1  > $date2) {
    echo "d1 > d2";
} elseif($date1 < $date2){
    echo $date1."d1 < d2".$date2;
}

A: Use formatting of Date first and then compare, as you cant compare 2 objects of date Directly
Use:
   <?php

  //I make the date the same as the current
    //date and it doesnt echo that its equal.
    $date1 = new DateTime('5/9/2015'); //a date entered
    $date2 = new DateTime(); //the current date
    $mdy = 'n/j/Y'; //the format

$date1New = $date1->format('d-m-y');
$date2New = $date2->format('d-m-y');

////echo '<br> --2'.$date2;

    if($date1New == $date2New){

        echo "d1 == d2"; //This should be echoing
    }
    elseif($date1New  > $date2New){

        echo "d1 > d2";
    }
    elseif($date1New < $date2New){

        echo "    d1 < d2    "; //but this always echos
    }

   ?>

A: php DateTime already has the ability to output a unixtimestamp. So you can just compare like this:
$early = new DateTime( "now" );
$later = new DateTime( "now + 2days" );

if ( $early->format('U') < $later->format('U') ) {
    echo "you'll get this printed";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A. Voice traffic data flow involves large volumes of large packets.
B. Because a packet loss involves a small amount of data, voice traffic is less affected by packet losses than traditional data traffic is.
C. Voice carrier stream utilizes Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) to carry the audio/media portion of the VoIP communication.
D. Voice packets are very sensitive to delay and jitter.
E. Voice packets are encapsulated in TCP segments to allow for proper sequencing during delivery.
Which set of statements about Spanning Tree Protocol default timers is true?
A. The hello time is 2 seconds.
The forward delay is 10 seconds.
The max_age timer is 15 seconds.
B. The hello time is 2 seconds.
The forward delay is 15 seconds.
The max_age timer is 20 seconds.
C. The hello time is 2 seconds.
The forward delay is 20 seconds.
The max_age timer is 30 seconds.
D. The hello time is 5 seconds.
E. The hello time is 5 seconds.
Which statement correctly describes enabling BPDU guard on an access port that is also enabled for PortFast?
A. Upon startup, the port transmits 10 BPDUs. If the port receives a BPDU, PortFast and BPDU guard are disabled on that port and it assumes normal STP operation.
B. The access port ignores any received BPDU.
C. If the port receives a BPDU, it is placed into the error-disable state.
D. BPDU guard is only configured globally and the BPDU filter is required for port-level configuration.
A.Any change in the state of the port generates a TC BPDU.
B.Only nonedge ports moving to the forwarding state generate a TC BPDU.
C.If either an edge port or a nonedge port moves to a block state, then a TC BPDU is generated.
D.Only nonedge ports moving to the blocking state generate a TC BPDU.
E.Any loss of connectivity generates a TC BPDU.
A. The first-hop redundancy protocol is not configured for this interface.
B. HSRP is configured for group 10.
C. HSRP is configured for group 11.
D. VRRP is configured for group 10.
E. VRRP is configured for group 11.
F. GLBP is configured with a single AVF.


How will workers impacted by the lapse of appropriation be counted in Friday's Employment Situation?
Charting the labor market: a chart package with the latest Current Population Survey data.
In May 2017, 3.8 percent of workers held contingent jobs. The survey also identified alternative employment arrangements: independent contractors (6.9 percent), on-call workers (1.7 percent), temporary help agency workers (0.9 percent), and workers provided by contract firms (0.6 percent).
The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--declined to 3.8 percent in 2018.
Subscribe to the BLS News Service-- receive The Employment Situation news releases by e-mail.
Compressed flat files site — For those who want it all. Download a compressed flat file of the entire LN database or large subset of the LN database.
Where can I find the unemployment rate for previous years?
How is the unemployment rate related to unemployment insurance claims?
What to expect if you've been chosen to participate in the Current Population Survey.
Monthly national data by detailed industry on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Monthly and annual employment, unemployment, and labor force data for Census regions and divisions, States, counties, metropolitan areas, and many cities, by place of residence.
Several surveys gathering information at multiple points in time about the labor market and life experiences of six groups of American men, women, and youth.
Data on employment and wages for over 800 occupations and for about 400 nonfarm industries for the nation, plus occupational data for States and metropolitan areas.
Select a Region from the map or pick a state from the list.


text:
Claremont United Methodist Church
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Pilgrim Place Festival 2019
CUMC Worship Guide and News
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Visits to El Faro — the Border
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Religion + Race / Status + Role of Women
Episcopal Eletions
2017 AC Photos
Responses to GC2019
North Georgia statement
Mourning with Tree of Life
Family Sepatation at Borders
Human Rights Groups
ND Water Protectors
MPower Change
Pray for Victims of Terror and Violence
CLUE, PCU, APF
CCC IMPACT
United Nations, Other Public Input
Lenten Reflections — MFSA
Remembering King — Fighting Racism
Untitled Page 2
Refugee Children: ¡No estás Solo!
Opposing Human Trafficking
Orlando Response
Humn Rights Groups
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Responses to Recent Violence
Election Reflections
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The "Mission Area"
The Wesleyan Family
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Current News Feeds
U M News Service
General Conference Information - 5/10-5/20
responding to God's love…
Disrespect is Not a Christian Value
The varied responses to the U.S. presidential election are something United Methodist Christians must not ignore. And now, more than ever, we need to talk about what it means to be a follower the Prince of Peace at a time of ideological and cultural conflict.
Wondering how the California propositoins fared on election day? Check it out here at the California Secretary of State's website.
The following page is under construction! Send you own suggestions!
Have you seen articles you think would help fellow members at Claremont UMC respond to the recent elections? You can share links to them with Jim Dwyer, who will add them to the list below if they meet critieria appropritate for the website. If you have articles not accessible online or your own reflections, they should be submitted in electronic form for consideraton to be publsihed here.
Van Jones discusses constructive disagreement with Trevor Noah
Sojourners asks the key question for Chrisitians post-election:
• How to Go On — Do We Have the Stomach for What's Required?
Evil is insolent and strong; beauty enchanting but rare; goodness very apt to be weak; folly ever apt to be defiant; wickedness to carry the day; imbeciles to be in great places, people of sense in small, and mankind generally unhappy. But the world as it stands is no narrow illusion … we can neither forget it nor deny it nor dispense with it.
Henry James, quoted by Saul Alinsky in Rules for Radicals and referenced by Luke Brethereton, above.
• Read Bishop Grant Hagiya's Statement on the 2016 Election — also available through our links to CalPacUMC newsletters. Bishop Hagiya is our bishop in the Los Angeles Area and the California-Pacific Annual Conference.
• Read Bishop Minerva Carcaño's Statement on the 2016 Election. Bishop Carcaño is now bishop of the California Nevada Annual Conference.
• Read Susan Henry-Crowe, General Secretary of the United Mehtodist Board of Church and Scoiety, on the election
• Read this post-election plea for action from the Hispanic/Latino Ministries group to the North Carolina Conference of th the United Methodist Church
Here an excerpt:
"In our baptismal vows, we accepted 'the freedom and power God gives [us] to resist evil, injustice, and oppression,' and to be in union with those of all ages, nations, races and ethnicities. Therefore, we urge you to take seriously and not ignore that our nation's recent election may have serious consequences for Hispanic-Latino/a communities, women, and other marginalized groups."
• What did happen in North Carolina?
* Hostile Actions Mar UMC Youth Event in North Carolina
"A few hundred people walked out of a North Carolina youth event during a session dealing with pain and racism felt by young Hispanic-Latinos, who had earlier been victims of intimidation, conference officials said.
"The Rev. Edgar Vergara, chairman of Hispanic Latino Ministries for the North Carolina Conference, said young people wearing "Make America Great Again" hats in support of President-elect Donald Trump had harassed the youth during the event. 'They have carried out hostile actions and contempt for our young people. … We are concerned and disappointed by this situation,' Vergara said."
"Deelpy troubled: Reconciling Ministires Network in a Trump America"
Deep breaths. Now let's plan the fight ahead
https://350.org/deep-breaths-now-lets-plan-the-fight-ahead/
"We Stand Up and We Fight Back"
Senator Elizabeth Warren and Rachel Maddow discuss what to do after the election, e.g., standing up for Moslem neighbors, volunteering for the cause most important to you, strengthening our institutions of civil solidarity. See the list of groups at the foot of this page for some suggestions for volunteering for greater civility.
Shared with us by Cathy Osman, CUMC member
'Parks and Recreation': Leslie Knope Writes Letter to America Following Donald Trump's Victory
(The following is a letter from Leslie Knope, who works for the U.S. Department of the Interior, Midwest Branch, in her hometown of Pawnee, Indiana. She believes that optimism defeats pessimism, and asks that if you have the means, you kindly make a donation to the ACLU, the International Rescue Committee, or the charity of your choice, to help the country and those most in need.)
Dear America,
Amidst the confusion, and despair, and disbelief, it was suggested to me by a very close friend of mine (I won't say her name, to protect her identity) (Ann. It was Ann) that perhaps a few people would enjoy hearing my thoughts on this election. So I sat down at my computer, cleared my head, and opened a document. Then I started crying. So I had some hot chocolate, and my close friend (Ann) rubbed my back for a while, and I got myself together, and sat down. And started crying. Then more Ann comforting me, and more hot chocolate, and back and forth like that for about six hours or so, the chain of hot-chocolate-and-back-rubs only interrupted briefly when I had to run to the store for more hot chocolate packets ("Just give me all of them, all the boxes," I remember saying, through tears, to a very scared stockroom boy) and now I am ready to go.
When I was in fourth grade, my teacher Mrs. Kolphner taught us a social studies lesson. The seventeen students in our class were introduced to two fictional candidates: a smart if slightly bookish-looking cartoon tortoise named Greenie, and a cool-looking jaguar named Speedy. Rick Dissellio read a speech from Speedy, in which he promised that if elected he would end school early, have extra recess, and provide endless lunches of chocolate pizzandy. (A local Pawnee delicacy at the time — deep fried pizza where the crust was candy bars.) Then I read a speech from Greenie, who promised to go slow and steady, think about the problems of our school, and try her best to solve them in a way that would benefit the most people. Then Mrs. Kolphner had us vote on who should be Class President.
I think you know where this is going.
Except you don't, because before we voted, Greg Laresque asked if he could nominate a third candidate, and Mrs. Kolphner said "Sure! The essence of democracy is that everyone—" and Greg cut her off and said "I nominate a T. rex named Dr. Farts who wears sunglasses and plays the saxophone, and his plan is to fart as much as possible and eat all the teachers," and everyone laughed, and before Mrs. Kolphner could blink, Dr. Farts the T. rex had been elected President of Pawnee Elementary School in a 1984 Reagan-esque landslide, with my one vote for Greenie the Tortoise playing the role of "Minnesota."
After class I was inconsolable. Once all the other kids left, Mrs. Kolphner came over and put her arm around me. She told me I had done a great job advocating for Greenie the Tortoise. Through tears I remember saying, "How good, exactly?" and she said "Very very good," and I said, "Good enough to—?" and she sighed and went to her desk to get one of the silver stars she gave out to kids who did a good job on something, and as I tearfully added it to my Silver Star Diary she asked me what upset me the most.
"Greenie was the better candidate," I said. "Greenie should have won."
She nodded.
"I suppose that was the point of the lesson," I said.
"Oh no," she said. "The point of the lesson is: people are unpredictable, and democracy is insane." Winston Churchill once said, "Democracy is the worst form of government, except all those other forms that have been tried." That is perhaps a pithier and better way to get my point across, than that long anecdote about Mrs. Kolphner. Should I just erase all of that and start with this? Whatever. I'm pot-committed now, and is there extra caffeine in that hot chocolate? Because my head feels like a spaceship. The point is: people making their own decisions is, on balance, better than an autocrat making decisions for them. It's just that sometimes those decisions are bad, or self-defeating, or maddening, and a day where you get dressed up in your best victory pantsuit and spend an ungodly amount of money decorating your house with American flags and custom-made cardboard-cutouts of suffragettes in anticipation of a glass-ceiling-shattering historical milestone ends with you getting (metaphorically) eaten by a giant farting T. Rex
Like most people, I deal with tragedy by processing the five stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance. My denial over the election results was intense. My anger was (in Ron's words) "significant." My bargaining was short, but creative — I offered my soul and the souls of all of my friends in exchange for 60,000 more votes in Milwaukee, to any demon who cared to accept. (Tom told me it was a terrible deal, but I didn't care, in that moment.) My depression I have already mentioned. Which brings us to Acceptance. And here's what I stand on that: No. I do not accept it.
I acknowledge that Donald Trump is the President. I understand, intellectually, that he won the election. But I do not accept that our country has descended into the hatred-swirled slop pile that he lives in. I reject out of hand the notion that we have thrown up our hands and succumbed to racism, xenophobia, misogyny, and crypto-fascism. I do not accept that. I reject that. I fight that. Today, and tomorrow, and every day until the next election, I reject and fight that story. I work hard and I form ideas and I meet and talk to other people who feel like me, and we sit down and drink hot chocolate (I have plenty) and we plan. We plan like mofos. We figure out how to fight back, and do good in this infuriating world that constantly wants to bend toward the bad. And we will be kind to each other, and supportive of each other's ideas, and we will do literally anything but accept this as our fate. And let me say something to the young girls who are reading this. Hi, girls. On behalf of the grown-ups of America who care about you and your futures, I am awfully sorry about how miserably we screwed this up. We elected a giant farting T. rex who does not like you, or care about you, or think about you, unless he is scanning your bodies with his creepy T. rex eyes, or trying to physically grab you like a toy his daddy got him (or would have, if his daddy had loved him). (Sorry, that was a low blow.) (Actually, not sorry, I'm pissed, and I'm on a roll, so zip it, super-ego!) Our President-Elect is everything you should abhor, and fear, in a male role model. He has spent his life telling you, and girls and women like you, that your lives are valueless except as sexual objects. He has demeaned you, and belittled you, and put you in a little box to be looked at and not heard. It is your job, and the job of girls and women like you, to bust out.
You are going to run this country, and this world, very soon. So you will not listen to this man, or the 75-year-old, doughy-faced, gray-haired nightmare men like him, when they try to tell you where to stand or how to behave or what you can and cannot do with your own bodies, or what you should or should not think with your own minds. You will not be cowed or discouraged by his stream of retrogressive babble. You won't have time to be cowed, because you will be too busy working and learning and communing with other girls and women like you, and when the time comes you will effortlessly flick away his miserable, petty misogynistic worldview like a fly on your picnic potato salad.
He is the present, sadly, but he is not the future. You are the future. Your strength is a million times his. Your power is a billion times his. We will acknowledge this result, but we will not accept it. We will overcome it, and we will defeat it.
Now find your team, and get to work.
("Parks and Recreation" is streaming now on Netflix. This piece was written by a member of the Parks and Recreation writing staff.)
Henry Jefferson shared the following reflection from Molly Baskette, UCC Pastor in Berlkeley
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Molly Baskette is Senior Minister of the First Church of Berkeley, California, and the author of the best-selling Real Good Church and Standing Naked Before God
Safety, Pinned
Molly Baskette
Under the shadow of your throne
Your saints have dwelt secure
Sufficient is your arm alone
And our defense is sure.
"O God, Our Help in Ages Past"
The night after the election, as people all over America sorted out their very different feelings about the outcome, I gathered in our chapel with a couple dozen church members to eat homemade soup (aka first line pastoral care) and sing hymns. We were, universally: shaken, grieving, angry and frightened: not just for ourselves, but for the many vulnerable people who we feared would suffer even more under the new regime, if even a fraction of our president-elect's campaign promises came true.
We opened with the hymn above--and critiqued it after we sang it. How could we sing without irony that "our defense is sure" when already that day hundreds of stories of copycat harassment and physical attacks were popping up? Some of the reports included: a Muslim woman on the street had her hijab ripped off, and was told to strangle herself with it. Dozens of boys reportedly grabbed girls' vaginas in the hall at school, saying "if the President can do it, so can I." Swastikas were painted in school bathrooms and on billboards. Students and adults, in many different parts of the country, yelled at Latinos to "go home to Mexico, we're getting that wall now." The N word and gay slurs enjoyed a fine resurgence, spat hatefully at shocked strangers.
The truth is, our defense is anything but sure. God does not promise us safety. What God does, is invite us into the safety of each other, if we will accept the challenge and call. There is a movement afoot to invite those who want to be allies in public places to wear a safety pin clearly and visibly wherever they go. And if you want to help people in danger even more practically, here's a meme, which I've tweaked a la UCC:
• If you wear a hijab, I'll sit with you on the train.
• If you're trans, I'll go to the bathroom with you.
• If you're a person of color, I'll stand with you if the cops stop you.
• If you're a person with disabilities, I'll hand you my megaphone.
• If you're an immigrant, I'll help you find resources.
• If you're a survivor, I'll believe you.
• If you're a refugee, I'll make sure you're welcome.
• If you're a veteran, I'll take up your fight.
• If you're LGBTQ, I'll remind you that you are beautiful and beloved, just as God made you.
• If you're a woman, I'll make sure you get home ok.
• If you're tired, me too.
• If you need a hug, I've got an infinite supply.
• If you need me, I'll be with you. All I ask is that you be with me, too. Together, we'll be the strong arm of God.
God, divided, we are so vulnerable. Together, we make your defense real and visible and durable. Give us courage to stand up for one another. Amen
A message from Senator-Elect Kamala Harris
Subject: No despair
Date: November 9, 2016 at 14:21:43 PST
After nearly two years of hard work and dedication, I am proud to tell you that we won our election last night. I am humbled and honored to serve you and the people of California in the U.S. Senate.
There is so much to be grateful for in the results coming from our beautiful and diverse state, but it is clear that the cause of justice and equality has never been more urgent.
I know the way many of you are feeling in this moment. The only thing I can say is this: we must not and we cannot despair. We must not be overwhelmed in our national loss—or focus only on our victory here in California. We cannot throw up our hands at a time that requires all of us to roll up our sleeves.
We can either retreat or we can fight. I intend to FIGHT for who we are. I hope you join me.
I intend to fight for a state that has the largest number of immigrants, both documented and undocumented. We must bring them justice and dignity and fairness through comprehensive immigration reform.
I intend to fight for Black Lives Matter and to ensure truth, transparency, and trust in our criminal justice system.
I intend to fight for a woman's access to health care and reproductive rights.
I intend to fight against those naysayers who suggest there is no such thing as climate change. Now is the time to intensify the fight for our environment, not abandon it. Our children's future literally depends on it.
I intend to fight for the civil rights of all people, because no one should be denied housing, employment or the right to marry the person they love.
I intend to fight for our students and invest in them. We cannot let them graduate with devastating amounts of debt. Education is the only path to success, we must solve the student loan debt crisis.
I intend to fight for commonsense gun safety because it's the right thing to do. I have not forgotten the lives that were lost in San Bernardino, Sandy Hook, or the tragic attack on my friend, Gabby Giffords.
So James, here's the deal: our ideals are at stake right now and we will have to fight for who we are. This is a pivotal moment in the history of America.
I believe it is an inflection point—similar to the time and place when my parents met and were active in the Civil Rights Movement. I believe this is a moment in time when many of us must look in the mirror with furrowed brow and ask ourselves: who are we?
I believe that answer is a good one. We are a great country. Imperfect, but great because of our values, ideals, and diversity. One presidential election cannot erase that.
It is important to remember what Coretta Scott King taught us. That the fight for civil rights—the fight for justice and equality—must be fought and won with each generation. It is the very nature of this fight that whatever gains we make, they will not be permanent.
The same is true of our opponents. The gains they have made in this election are not permanent. That is why we must come together right now—not despair—and fight for who we are and the country we want to be. Thank you for everything you have done in this election. I am humbled by the fact that we would not be here without you.
This campaign for Senate has ended, but the work is just beginning. Please stay involved. Please own a piece of the next four years and help us fight for the future of this country. Together, we can do this.
Fight on,
- Kamala
• Clergy and Laity United for Economic Justice (CLUE) Responds to Trump Appointment of Bannon.
• NAACP and Partners Defend Civil Rights against New Threats.
• Southern Poverty Law Center tracks growth in Hate Crimes Following Election, "Alt-Right" White Racism in Trump Appointments.
• Keep informed on daily developmennts at Moyers and Company.
• Campaign for America's Future offers an analysis of future public policy issues from a progressive perspective.
• League of Women Voters has been fighting for voters' rights since 1920.
• Union of Concerned Scientists Standing Strong for Science and Democracy
• Can Evangelicals Unite after the 2016 Election?
• People for the American Way monitors U.S. political situaion.
From the "Founding Mission Statement" : "PEOPLE FOR THE AMERICAN WAY WAS FOUNDED IN 1981 BY NORMAN LEAR, BARBARA JORDAN, FATHER THEODORE HESBURGH, AND ANDREW HEISKELL. THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT OF PURPOSE WAS ADOPTED BY THE FOUNDERS AND OTHER CIVIC, RELIGIOUS, AND BUSINESS LEADERS WHO COMPRISED THE INITIAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
In times of hardship, in times of crises, societies throughout history have experienced wrenching dislocations in their fundamental values and beliefs. We are alarmed that some of the current voices of stridency and division may replace those of reason and unity. If these voices continue unchallenged, the results will be predictable: a rise in "demonology" and hostility, a breakdown in community and social spirit, a deterioration of free and open dialogue, and the temptation to grasp at simplistic solutions for complex problems.…"
• Faithful America Motto: "Love thy neighbor. No Exceptions."
From their "about" page: "Faithful America is the largest and fastest-growing online community of Christians putting faith into action for social justice. Our members are sick of sitting by quietly while Jesus' message of good news is hijacked by the religious right to serve a hateful political agenda. We're organizing the faithful to challenge such extremism and renew the church's prophetic role in building a more free and just society."
• Americans United for Separation of Church and State
• Amnesty Internaitonal "Action for Human Rights. Hope for Humanity."
Current Issues >
Election Reflections >
© 2016-2019 JAD Contact Me


The Gozo Film Festival has been launched by the Minister for Gozo Dr Justyne Caruana, following on from the success of last year, this second edition is organised by the Gozo Film Club, with the support of the Directorate -Tourism and Economic Development within the same Ministry.
Dr Caruana said that it will take place at the Citadel between Friday, the 24th and Sunday, the 26th of August.
The free of charge event promotes Gozitan, Maltese and international filmmakers with selected short and feature movies, spanning different genres for the public to view. The varied repertoire planned for this year, aims to attract a wider audience, both in taste and age range.
The Minister explained that this type of festival creates interest among film enthusiasts and others who aspire to be involved in this industry. Federico Chini, who is responsible for this festival, explained that during the three days the open-air movies will be in the beautiful setting of Saint John's Demi-Bastion on a outdoor screen, as well as inside in the Sentinella Theatre Hall, which is air conditioned.
There will also be a children programme, lectures on filmmaking, documentaries as part of the programme, in fact, something for all ages.
A total of 41 short films will be shown including 9 productions from Malta and Gozo. In the evenings a film will be shown that relates to th islands.. These movies are Kon-Tik on Friday, 24th of August, and 20,000 Reasons will be shown on Saturday, 25th On Sunday the 26th, the audience will be able watch a family film – Treasure in Malta.
To keep up to date with information and the programme for the three days, please see the facebook page.


text:
Corporate tax havenry ↘ Inequality and human rights ↘ Solutions and reform ↘
The IMF has joined growing calls for a global minimum corporate tax and unitary tax with formulary apportionment in its new report titled, Taxing Multinationals in Europe.1 Liz Nelson, director of human rights and tax justice at the Tax Justice Network, who has been invited to speak on the report at an event tomorrow hosted by the European Parliament Subcommittee on Tax Matters, said:
"We're delighted to see the IMF join the growing consensus set out by the UN FACTI panel on how to replace existing and failing global tax rules set by the OECD. Every year, countries lose hundreds of billions of dollars in tax to corporate tax abuse facilitated by tax havens that are officially rated as "not harmful" by the OECD.2 Those losses undermine health and public services all around the world, but are disproportionately borne by lower-income countries.
"The UN FACTI panel, the European Commission with its new tax proposal announced last week, and now the IMF are all calling for new international tax rules to be driven by two main reforms: a global minimum corporate tax rate, also supported by the Biden administration in the US, and unitary taxation. In other words, for multinational corporations to pay a minimum tax rate on their profit just like every other local business and for that tax to be paid in the places where multinational corporations actually do business, not where they reroute and hide profits.
"It's not clear, however, why the IMF and EU have stopped short of endorsing the same push for wholesale reform among lower income countries. Why can the IMF recommend radical changes to improve progressive taxation in the EU, while the majority of IMF country recommendations to lower income countries continue to emphasise regressive consumption taxes as part of a 'deal' that shackles them to debt obligations? Meanwhile the EU risks giving the impression that it seeks reforms that benefit its own members, without any meaningful concern for others. The EU's BEFIT reforms announced last week could valuably provide a model for other country blocs to follow, and for global reforms at the UN – but we've yet to see any indication of EU support for any others.
"The current EU trilogue negotiations over how to implement public country by country reporting are a case in point: the latest reports suggest that the EU will succumb to lobbying and only require public data on operations in EU member states (and the marginal states on the 'non-cooperative jurisdiction' list, which misses all the big profit shifting hubs around the world). That will make the data much less useful for EU members, and almost completely useless for lower-income countries – who will see their own data and that of non-EU tax havens simply aggregated into a single number. This will leave people in the dark about which corporate giants are bleeding them of vital public funds and sidestepping public accountability.
"The damage done by the failure of current OECD tax rules is overwhelmingly concentrated in damage to the human rights of people living in lower income countries. The opportunity to build for greater equality and to lift the most marginalised is effectively denied by this failure. But both the IMF and EU have thus far been silent on this while promoting policies that in effect worsen the situation. Both have now embraced in principle the tax justice agenda of unitary taxation with formulary apportionment, and a global minimum corporate tax rate. And both have substantial international power to push that tax agenda through. Let today be the day that the EU and IMF dedicate themselves to supporting globally inclusive reforms through a UN process, as the FACTI panel has recommended."
The IMF's new report, titled Taxing Multinationals in Europe, is available here.
The Tax Justice Network's analysis of the OECD flagship safeguarding policy against harmful tax behaviours by countries, known as BEPS Action 5, found that the policy failed to detect almost all corporate tax abuse risks documented by the index. Countries responsible for 98 per cent of the global corporate tax abuses risks documented by the Corporate Tax Haven Index 2021 were graded as "not harmful" by the OECD under Action 5.


text:
Q: How to add a checkbox column to existing gridview columns in yii2? I want to add a column to gridview but I don't want to list all of columns(because there are some columns as default).
I know that I can add a column by follow:
$widget = Yii::createObject([
    'class' => 'yii\grid\GridView',
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'columns' => [
        'col1',
        'col2',
        'class' => 'yii\grid\CheckboxColumn',
    ]
]);

but I don't want to list all default columns and just add a checkbox column. like follow:
$widget = Yii::createObject([
    'class' => 'yii\grid\GridView',
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'columns' => [
        'class' => 'yii\grid\CheckboxColumn',
    ]
]);

Then it will be displayed at the end of default columns.
How can I do it?

A: The yii framework does not support this need. We can do this in other ways.
The first: get all your column names and insert the checkbox column before displaying the list
$query = DataModel::find()->select('...')->asArray();

$columns = array_keys($query->one()); // if you know that all column names can also be assigned directly without dynamic acquisition
array_unshift(['class' => \yii\grid\CheckboxColumn::class], $columns);

$widget = Yii::createObject([
    'class' => 'yii\grid\GridView',
    'dataProvider' => new \yii\data\ActiveDataProvider([
        'query' => $query,
    ]),
    'columns' => $columns,
]);

]);
Second: extend the yii\grid\GridView::initColumns() method of the yii framework. e.g:
class MyGridView extends \yii\grid\GridView {
    public $expandColumns = [];

    protected function initColumns() {
        parent::initColumns();
        \yii\helpers\ArrayHelper::merge($this->columns, $this->expandColumns);
    }
}

// in view
$widget = Yii::createObject([
    'class' => MyGridView::class,
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'expandColumns' => [
        [
            'class' => \yii\grid\CheckboxColumn::class,
        ],
    ]
]);

Answer translation from Google Translate, hope to help you.


Want a good looking, smooth-playing, fabulous-sounding workhorse guitar? This PRS S2 Standard 24 solidbody electric guitar is a mean rock 'n' roll tone machine! First of all, it's a stunning value. Plus, it's just a great guitar. The S2 Standard 24's double cutaway gives you a classic look, while a duet of humbucking pickups pairs nicely with its solid mahogany body and rosewood-topped mahogany neck for thick, full tone. And if you demand tonal versatility, you got it. Not only do you get the gutsy sound of custom-wound PRS humbuckers - you can split them for a tasty range of single-coil spank. Nice! Add a vibrato for dips, warbles, and dive bombs, and the PRS S2 Standard 24 is almost too good to be true!


text:
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Doctrine\Tests\Models\Routing;

use Doctrine\ORM\Annotation as ORM;

/**
 * @ORM\Entity
 */
class RoutingRouteBooking
{
    /**
     * @ORM\Id
     * @ORM\Column(type="integer")
     * @ORM\GeneratedValue
     */
    public $id;

    /**
     * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity=RoutingRoute::class, inversedBy="bookings")
     * @ORM\JoinColumn(name="route_id", referencedColumnName="id")
     */
    public $route;

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="string")
     */
    public $passengerName;

    public function getPassengerName()
    {
        return $this->passengerName;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: lowDb - out of memory I have an Out-Of-Memory Problem in Node.js and see a lot of big strings that can't be garbage collected when I inspect the snapshots of the heap.
I use lowDB and those strings are mainly the content of the lowDb file.
Question in principle...
When I use FileAsync (so the writing to the file is asynchronous) and I do a lot of (fire and forget) writes...is it possible that my heap space is full of waiting stack entries that all wait for the file system to finish writing? (and node can clear the memory for each finished write).
I do a lot of writes as I use lowDB to save log messages of an algorithm that I execute. Later on I want to find the log messages of a specific execution. So basically:
{
  executions: [
    {
      id: 1,
      logEvents: [...]
    },
    {
      id: 2,
      logEvents: [...]
    },
    ...
  ]
}

My simplified picture of node processing this is:

*

*my script is the next script on the stack and runs

*with each write something is waiting for the file system to return an answer

*this something is bloating my memory and each of this 'somethings' hold the whole content of the lowdb file (multiple times?!)

Example typescript code to try it out:
import * as lowDb from 'lowdb';
import * as FileAsync from 'lowdb/adapters/FileAsync';

/* first block just for generating random data... */
const characters = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789';
const charactersLength = characters.length;
const alphanum = (length: number) => {
    const result = new Buffer(length);
    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++ ) {
        result.write(characters.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * charactersLength)));
    }
    return result.toString('utf8');
};

class TestLowDb {
    private adapter = new FileAsync('test.json');
    private db;

    /* starting the db up, loading with Async FileAdapter */
    async startDb(): Promise<void> {
        return lowDb(this.adapter).then(db => {
            this.db = db;
            return this.db.defaults({executions: [], dbCreated: new Date()}).write().then(_ => {
                console.log('finished with intialization');
            })
        });
    }

    /* fill the database with data, fails quite quickly, finally produces a json like the following:
    * { "executions": [ { "id": "<ID>", "data": [ <data>, <data>, ... ] }, <nextItem>, ... ] } */
    async fill(): Promise<void> {
        for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            const id = alphanum(3);
            this.start(id); // add the root id for this "execution"
            for (let j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
                this.fireAndForget(id, alphanum(1000));
                // await this.wait(id, alphanum(1000));
            }
        }
    }

    /* for the first item in the list add the id with the empty array */
    start(id:string): void {
        this.db.get('executions')
            .push({id, data:[]})
            .write();
    }

    /* ignores the promise and continues to work */
    fireAndForget(id:string, data:string): void {
        this.db.get('executions')
            .find({id})
            .get('data')
            .push(data)
            .write();
    }

    /* returns the promise that the caller can handle it "properly" */
    async wait(id:string, data:string): Promise<void> {
        return this.db.get('executions')
            .find({id})
            .get('data')
            .push(data)
            .write();
    }
}

const instance = new TestLowDb();
instance.startDb().then(_ => {
    instance.fill()
});
enter code here


text:
Growing Up in the Library
Learning and relearning what it means to have a book on borrowed time.
By Susan Orlean
Illustration by Lilli Carré
I grew up in libraries, or at least it feels that way. My family lived in the suburbs of Cleveland, about a mile from the brick-faced Bertram Woods Branch of the Shaker Heights Public Library system. Throughout my childhood, starting when I was very young, my mother drove me there a couple of times a week. We walked in together, but, as soon as we passed through the door, we split up, each heading to our favorite section. The library might have been the first place that I was ever given independence. Even when I was maybe four or five years old, I was allowed to go off on my own. Then, after a while, my mother and I reunited at the checkout counter with our finds. Together, we waited as the librarian pulled out each date card and, with a loud chunk-chunk, stamped a crooked due date on it, below a score of previous crooked due dates that belonged to other people, other times.
Our visits were never long enough for me—the library was so bountiful. I loved wandering around the shelves, scanning the spines of the books until something happened to catch my eye. Those trips were dreamy, frictionless interludes that promised I would leave richer than I arrived. It wasn't like going to a store with my mom, which guaranteed a tug-of-war between what I desired and what she was willing to buy me; in the library, I could have anything I wanted. On the way home, I loved having the books stacked on my lap, pressing me under their solid, warm weight, their Mylar covers sticking to my thighs. It was such a thrill leaving a place with things you hadn't paid for; such a thrill anticipating the new books we would read. We talked about the order in which we were going to read them, a solemn conversation in which we planned how we would pace ourselves through this charmed, evanescent period of grace until the books were due. We both thought that all the librarians at the Bertram Woods branch were beautiful. For a few minutes, we discussed their beauty. My mother then always mentioned that, if she could have chosen any profession, she would have chosen to be a librarian, and the car would grow silent for a moment as we both considered what an amazing thing that would have been.
When I was older, I usually walked to the library by myself, lugging as many books as I could carry. Occasionally, I did go with my mother, and the trip remained as enchanted as it had been when I was small. Even when I was in my last year of high school and could drive to the library, my mother and I still went together now and then, and the trip unfolded exactly as it used to, with all the same beats and pauses and comments and reveries, the same pensive rhythm. My mother died two years ago, and since then, when I miss her, I like to picture us in the car together, going for one more magnificent trip to Bertram Woods.
My family was big on the library. We were very much a reading family, but we were more a borrow-a-book-from-the-library family than a bookshelves-full-of-books family. My parents valued books, but they had grown up in the Depression, aware of the quicksilver nature of money, and they had learned the hard way that you shouldn't buy what you could borrow. Because of that frugality, or perhaps despite it, they also believed that you should read a book for the experience of reading it. You shouldn't read it in order to have an object that had to be housed and looked after forever, a memento of the purpose for which it was obtained. The reading of the book was a journey. There was no need for souvenirs.
By the time I was born, my parents' financial circumstances were comfortable, and they learned how to splurge a little, but their Depression-era mentality adhered stubbornly to certain economies, which included not buying books that could be obtained easily from the library. Our uncrowded bookshelves at home had several sets of encyclopedias (an example of something not easily borrowed) and an assortment of other books that, for one reason or another, my parents had ended up buying. That included a few mild sex manuals. "Ideal Marriage: Its Physiology and Technique" is the one I remember best—I read it whenever my parents were out of the house. I assume that they bought the sex books because they would have been embarrassed to present them at the checkout desk of the library. There were also some travel guides, some coffee-table books, a few of my father's law books, and a dozen or so novels that were either gifts or somehow managed to justify being owned outright.
When I left for college—I went to the University of Michigan—one of the many ways I differentiated myself from my parents was that I went wild for owning books. I think buying textbooks was what got me going. All I know is that I lost my appreciation for the slow pace of making your way through a library and for having books on borrowed time. I wanted to have my books in piles around me, forming totem poles of the narratives I'd visited. In my junior year, I moved into an apartment, lined it with bookcases, and loaded them with hardcovers. I used the college library for research, but otherwise I turned into a ravenous buyer of books. I couldn't walk into a bookstore without leaving with something, or several somethings. I loved the alkaline tang of new ink and paper, a smell that never emanated from a broken-in library book. I loved the crack of a freshly flexed spine and the way that the untouched pages almost felt damp, as if they were still wet with creation. I sometimes wondered if I was catching up after spending my childhood amid sparsely settled bookcases. But the reason didn't matter to me. I actually became somewhat evangelical about book ownership. Sometimes I fantasized about starting a bookstore. If my mother ever mentioned to me that she was on the waiting list for a book at the library, I got annoyed and asked why she didn't just go buy a copy.
Once I was done with college, and done with researching term papers in the stacks of the Harold T. and Vivian B. Shapiro Undergraduate Library, I sloughed off the memory of those marvellous childhood trips to the Bertram Woods branch, and began, for the first time in my life, to wonder what libraries were for.
It might have remained that way, and I might have spent the rest of my life thinking about libraries only wistfully, the way I thought about, say, the amusement park I went to as a kid. Libraries might have become just a bookmark of memory more than an actual place, a way to call up an emotion of a moment that occurred long ago, something that was fused with "mother" and "the past" in my mind. But then libraries came back into my life unexpectedly. In 2011, my husband accepted a job in Los Angeles, so we left New York, where we had been living, and went west. I didn't know the city well, but I'd spent time there over the years, visiting cousins. When I became a writer, I went to Los Angeles often to work on magazine pieces and books. On those trips, I had been to and from the beach, and up and down the canyons, and in and out of the Valley, and back and forth to the mountains, but I never gave downtown a second thought, assuming that it was just a glassy landscape of office buildings which hollowed out by five o'clock every evening. I thought of Los Angeles as a radiant doughnut, rimmed by milky ocean and bristling mountains, with a big hole in the middle. I never went to the public library, never thought about it, although I'm sure I assumed there was one, and probably a main branch, probably downtown.
My son was in first grade when we moved. One of his first school assignments was to interview someone who worked for the city. I suggested talking to a garbage collector or a police officer, but he said that he wanted to interview a librarian. We were so new to the city that we had to look up the address of the closest library, which turned out to be the Studio City branch. It was about a mile away from our house, the same distance that the Bertram Woods branch was from my childhood home.
As we drove over to meet the librarian, I felt a gut-level recollection of this journey, of parent and child on their way to the library. But now it was turned on its head, and I was the parent bringing my child on that special trip. We parked, and walked toward the library, taking it in for the first time. The building was white and modish, with a mint-green mushroom cap of a roof. It didn't look anything like the stout brick Bertram Woods branch, but when we stepped inside the thunderbolt of recognition struck me so hard that it made me gasp. Decades had passed, and I was two thousand miles away, but I felt as if I had been whisked back to that precise time and place, walking into the library with my mother. Nothing had changed—there was the same soft tsk-tsk-tsk of pencil on paper, and the muffled murmuring from patrons at the tables in the center of the room, and the creak and groan of book carts, and the occasional papery clunk of a book dropped on a desk. The scarred wooden checkout counters, and the librarians' desks, as big as boats, and the bulletin board, with its fluttering, raggedy notices, were all the same. The sense of gentle, steady busyness, like a pot of water on the simmer, was just the same. The books on the shelves, with some subtractions and additions, were certainly the same.
It wasn't that time stopped in the library. It was as if it were captured here, collected here, and in all libraries—and not only my time, my life, but all human time as well. In the library, time is dammed up—not just stopped but saved. The library is a gathering pool of narratives and of the people who come to find them. It is where we can glimpse immortality; in the library, we can live forever.
So the spell that libraries had once cast on me was renewed. Maybe it had never really been broken, although I had been away long enough that it was like visiting a country I'd loved but had forgotten as my life went galloping by. I knew what it was like to want a book and to buy it, but I had forgotten what it felt like to amble among the library shelves, finding the book I was looking for but also seeing who its neighbors were, noticing their peculiar concordance, and following an idea as it was handed off from one book to the next, like a game of telephone. I might start at Dewey decimal 301.4129781 ("Pioneer Women," by Joanna L. Stratton) and a few inches later find myself at 306.7662 ("Gaydar," by Donald F. Reuter) and then at 301.45096 ("Dreams from My Father," by Barack Obama) and finally at 301.55 ("The Men Who Stare at Goats," by Jon Ronson). On a library bookshelf, thought progresses in a way that is logical but also dumbfounding, mysterious, irresistible.
I knew that part of what had hooked me had been the shock of familiarity I felt when I took my son to our local library—the way it telegraphed my childhood, my relationship to my parents, my love of books. It brought me close, in my musings, to my mother, and to our sojourns to the library, and I decided to write a book on the subject. That decision was pleasing and it was bittersweet, because just as I was rediscovering those memories, my mother was losing hers. When I first told her that I was writing about libraries, she was delighted, and said that she was proud that she had a part in making me find them wondrous. But the reason that I finally embraced the subject—wanted, and then needed, to write about it—was my realization that I was losing her. Soon the fingers of dementia got her in their grip, and they pried loose bits of her memory every day. The next time I reminded her about the project and told her how much I had been thinking about our trips to Bertram Woods, she smiled with encouragement but with no apparent recognition of what I meant. Each time I visited, she receded a little more—she became vague, absent, isolated in her thoughts or maybe in some pillowy blankness that filled in where the memories had been chipped away—and I knew that I was carrying the remembrance for both of us.
I found myself wondering whether a shared memory can exist if one of the people sharing it no longer remembers it. Is the circuit broken, the memory darkened? My mother was the one person besides me who knew what those gauzy afternoons had been like. I was writing about libraries because I was trying hard to preserve those afternoons. I convinced myself that committing them to a page would save the memory of them from the corrosive effect of time.
The idea of being forgotten is terrifying. I fear not just that I, personally, will be forgotten but that we are all doomed to being forgotten; that the sum of life is ultimately nothing; that we experience joy and disappointment and aches and delights and loss, make our little mark on the world, and then we vanish, and the mark is erased, and it is as if we never existed. If you gaze into that bleakness even for a moment, the sum of life becomes null and void, because if nothing lasts nothing matters. Everything we experience unfolds without a pattern, and life is just a baffling occurrence, a scattering of notes with no melody. But if something you learn or observe or imagine can be set down and saved, and if you can see your life reflected in previous lives, and can imagine it reflected in subsequent ones, you can begin to discover order and harmony. You know that you are a part of a larger story that has shape and purpose—a tangible, familiar past and a constantly refreshed future. We are all whispering in a tin can on a string, but we are heard, so we whisper the message into the next tin can and the next string. Writing a book is an act of sheer defiance. It is a declaration that you believe in the persistence of memory.
The writer Amadou Hampâté Bâ once said that, in Africa, when an old person dies, it is like a library has been burned. When I first heard the phrase, I didn't understand it, but over time I came to realize that it was perfect. Our minds and our souls contain volumes inscribed by our experiences and emotions; each individual's consciousness is a collection of memories catalogued and stored inside, a private library of a life lived. It is something that no one else can entirely share; it burns down and disappears when we die. But if you can take something from your internal collection and share it—with one person or with the larger world, on the page or in a story told—it takes on a life of its own.
This piece is adapted from "The Library Book," by Susan Orlean, out in October from Simon & Schuster.
Susan Orlean began contributing to The New Yorker in 1987 and became a staff writer in 1992. She is the author of "The Library Book."
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Over the weekend, I had a consultation with an expert in Ayurvedic medicine, an ancient form of traditional medicine native to India. I went on a whim. Call it a midlife crisis. I had just had a birthday. Anyway, I had been interested in this form of medicine and philosophy for quite some time, but didn't know very much about it. I was also curious to have my dosha identified and explained to me. Doshas are concentrations of elements in the body, and people generally have one dominant dosha, which influences their emotional, psychological, spiritual and physical life. For the curious, you can even get a sense of this by taking this quiz.
After talking for quite some time, then reading my pulse, the Ayurvedic consultant identified my primary physical dosha as Pitta, with a strong elements of both Vatta and Pitta in my mind. This made perfect sense to me, particularly in relationship to my life as a writer. Vattas have airy, spacey, creative, anxious natures. Whereas Pittas are organized, disciplined, possibly tending toward the overly controlling. As the consultant described the personality traits of these two doshas, I found myself thinking about my relationship to my work, and the very delicate balance I constantly try to maintain between air and fire — between a kind of spaciness and a need to control. Between free form and structure. Too much air and nothing gets done. Too much controlling and…you guessed it…nothing gets done. At least nothing worthwhile. The relationship, see-sawing between the two, is where it all happens. I felt like she was describing not only my internal make-up, but a combination of doshas that is probably in some proportion the make-up of most creative people who actually manage to get their work done. Of course, some days are better than others.
Today, as I sit down to work on my book, I will try to take my Ayurvedic temperature, so to speak. Am I more pitta today, or vatta? Maybe this will be one more tool in my tool box. One more way to find my way into my work, each day.


text:
The Modern Intellectual Tradition: From Descartes to Derrida
Get an introduction to the contemporary Western approaches to the philosophies of both reality and knowledge, led by an author and award-winning professor, as you explore the ideas behind modern philosophy's most important movements.
The Modern Intellectual Tradition: From Descartes to Derrida is rated 4.7 out of 5 by 112.
co_hasreviews, tv_4, tr_108
Rated 5 out of 5 by musicbuff from Subtle, articulate, and insightful Cahoone's lectures are remarkably clear and articulate. Obviously it's impossible to cover all aspects of any major philosophical movement in one or two 30 minute lectures. But Cahoone does a superb job of bringing out the critical aspects of each philosopher's thought and its relationship to preceding and subsequent thought, and placing them in the "big picture" context of historical philosophical concerns. The lectures are pitched at an introductory level but, having read or listened to many introductory and survey philosophy courses, I found Cahoone's explanations to be particularly insightful and well-explained. They are also more subtle than many introductory philosophy surveys, illuminating elements of each philosopher's thought that many surveys overlook. He is a gifted teacher and his lectures certainly inspire me to revisit original philosophical works that have been stumbling blocks for me in the past.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Union68 from Persistent, thorough, 45 min. lecture in 30 min. As an undergraduate I majored in philosophy, and 50 years laters, Prof. Cahoone delivers a wonderful review and reconsideration of some of my most engaging classes.
Rated 5 out of 5 by ABoethius from Very interesting survey I've had only limited exposure to philosophic discussions, so I can't say anything much about the accuracy or comprehensiveness of this presentation. However, I found it fascinating if demanding. It made sense of what little I know of philosophy in the last several hundred years and left me interested in the subject. I thought the individual lectures were crisply presented and extremely well done.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Anonymous from Excellent I really enjoyed it. A great communicator, with great synthesis capacity and total mastery of the subjects
Rated 2 out of 5 by NYTom from exasperating From my experience in education, there are two ways to review a subject as complicated and potentially intimidating to the philosophical novices, such as myself. One is to convey a few significant and enduring observations by a philosopher, within the context of his/her own historic period and how it changes or influences the direction of philosophy. Professor Johnson of GC is a master of this technique. The other approach is the shotgun approach. That is, within the period of half an hour, you relay all bits of information possible. This is professor Cahoone's approach. Example, lecture #10, French Revolution and German Idealism. The lecture wanders from 1789 revolution to metaphysics to Johann Fiche and Schelling, mention of Kant and Hegel, relevance of German culture, the Spinoza, and all within the first 4 minutes. It's mind boggling. I persevered and made it thru 12 lectures, with much frustration, then threw in the towel. Another criticism is his lack of preparation often leads to changes in thoughts in mid sentence. It's unfortunate, because I think it's a very important topic that deserves to be communicated effectively.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Form from Encyclopedic I first purchased the course on CD many, many years ago. Now, I'm streaming it. Professor Cahoone may not be as theatrical as some of the other presenters, but I think that he does an excellent job of introducing to us a sizeable number of philosophers with very divergent viewpoints and yet showing how they link up with their predecessors and successors. There were, however, a few lectures (Hegel and Husserl for example) that I think could have benefited from more time. I remain uncomfortably mystified by their philosophies. I fault myself for this and not Cahoone. Time to hit Wikipedia and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy for more background information!
Rated 5 out of 5 by BKG1984 from Impressive! An elegant and succinct account of the topic! A great feat!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Menns from A Comprehensive Introduction This course is filled with valuable content that delivers what it promises. I have recently watched it a second time and am tempted to watch it a third. Not because it is poorly explained, but because there is so much content that must be considered with care. It just can't be absorbed at one time. The presenter manages to describe many controversial ideas without betraying a preference, although it is clear that he rejects Marxism and Post-Modernism. I can't detect an ideological bias.
Explore the foundations of modern and contemporary Western approaches to reality and knowledge with The Modern Intellectual Tradition: From Descartes to Derrida. Guided by award-winning Professor Lawrence Cahoone, these 36 lectures take you on an engaging intellectual journey that encompasses prominent figures like Locke, Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Wittgenstein, and Heidegger-intellectual radicals whose ideas completely revolutionized how we look at and understand the world around us.
Lawrence Cahoone
The Great Courses deeply challenged my skills in teaching philosophy, while making it fun too.
Dr. Lawrence Cahoone is Professor of Philosophy at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, MA, where he has taught since 2000. He holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. A two-time winner of the Undergraduate Philosophy Association Teaching Award at Boston University who has taught more than 50 different philosophy courses, Professor Cahoone is not only a skilled teacher, but also an author. With a background in recent European, American, and social and political philosophy, as well as interests in postmodernism, metaphysics, and the latter's relation to the natural sciences, he has written:
The Orders of Nature
Cultural Revolutions: Reason versus Culture in Philosophy, Politics, and Jihad
Civil Society: The Conservative Meaning of Liberal Politics
The Ends of Philosophy: Pragmatism, Foundationalism, and Postmodernism
The Dilemma of Modernity: Philosophy, Culture, and Anti-Culture
He edited From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Anthology and his play, Wise Guys: A Philosophical Comedy, is available at HeartlandPlays.com
01: Philosophy and the Modern Age
Preview the course, beginning with the scientific and social changes of the 17th through 19th centuries that forced all major philosophers to develop dramatically new views. Then see how the 20th century unleashed three diverging pathways for Western philosophers, each producing its own wave of this radically new thought....
02: Scholasticism and the Scientific Revolution
Grasp how the Scientific Revolution arrived in a world already reeling from religious and social upheaval, fragmenting the medieval Aristotelian-Christian view of the cosmos. Can philosophers discover a way to follow God and the new science at the same time?...
03: The Rationalism and Dualism of Descartes
Learn how Descartes forged the first and most influential solution. He posited a private self-consciousness, with its own innate ideas, as the foundation of knowledge, with reality fundamentally divided into both matter and mind (or soul). The former is the realm of science; the latter is that of religion, psychology, and ethics....
04: Locke's Empiricism, Berkeley's Idealism
See how Locke's denial of innate ideas created the modern empiricist view of knowledge as based solely on experience, instigating centuries of empiricist-rationalist debate. Later, Berkeley inaugurated modern idealism with his conclusion that empiricism must deny matter's very existence; there are only minds, with experiences programmed by God....
05: Neo-Aristotelians-Spinoza and Leibniz
Follow the attempts of two thinkers to integrate religion, philosophy, and science without straying from Aristotelian foundations. For Spinoza, everything is one substance-God. For Leibniz, every substance has its own mental properties and "view" of the universe, with God binding all together....
06: The Enlightenment and Rousseau
Watch the Enlightenment's self-conscious heralding of modernity, where science, freedom, and cosmopolitan education will mean progress in the face of superstition, authority, and tradition. The greatest dissenter is Rousseau, who argued that progress in art, science, and the economy yields no progress in morality or happiness....
07: The Radical Skepticism of Hume
Watch Hume drive empiricism to the extreme of radical skepticism, dismissing all metaphysics as nonsense. If we only know through experience, all we know is experience, so science cannot rationally say that the sun will rise tomorrow or even that it probably will....
08: Kant's Copernican Revolution
Learn how Kant tried to find an answer to Hume, without which neither science nor philosophy can claim general knowledge of reality. His reasoning changed philosophy forever as he argued that the human mind does not passively receive our experience of the world but actively constructs it from sensation....
09: Kant and the Religion of Reason
Kant's saving of science came at a price-the ability to know things as they appear but never "things in themselves." Reason, he argues, cannot prove-nor can science disprove-God, the soul, or free will. Kant protected faith from contradiction and created a different path for the German Enlightenment....
10: The French Revolution and German Idealism
See how the French Revolution and Kant inspired German idealists like Fichte and Schelling to invent a new kind of philosophy, with spirit-hence, freedom-as the basis of nature, not the other way around....
11: Hegel-The Last Great System
Grasp Hegel's synthesis of Fichte's idealism and Schelling's panentheism with world history as the story of God's coming to self-consciousness. We can follow the "dialectic" of partial, incomplete historical perspectives up to the perspective of the Whole, that is, of God....
12: Hegel and the English Century
Watch how the Industrial Revolution, the rise of European imperialism, and the philosophy of Hegel inspired other thinkers-including Comte, Spencer, Bentham, James Mill, John Stuart Mill, and, especially, Darwin and Marx-to create historical explanations for the development of mind and society....
13: The Economic Revolution and Its Critic-Marx
The socially wrenching birth of industrial capitalism, with its massive human costs, provoked many critics, but the most influential was a young German follower of Hegel, Karl Marx. See how his ideas became the 20th century's greatest challenge to Western liberalism....
14: Kierkegaard's Critique of Reason
Kierkegaard remains the most radical philosophical critic of reason itself. Follow his rejection of Hegel and any attempt to "rationalize" the human condition. For Kierkegaard, the human spirit is subjected to fundamental choices that cannot be reconciled, particularly religious faith, which is intrinsically irrational and higher than reason....
15: Nietzsche's Critique of Morality and Truth
Meet the most violent critic of the Judeo-Christian and, to some extent, Greek values of Western civilization. Nietzsche declared that morality makes the individual sick. The modern decline of religion leaves only the "will to power" and the need for a new set of values. His deepest concern was what those values would be....
16: Freud, Weber, and the Mind of Modernity
Besides Hegel, Marx, and possibly Nietzsche, two other German-speaking authors created much of the background for analyzing the unique form of life evolving in the 20th century. Listen as Freud's and Weber's arguments that modern society will generate increasing discontent were taken up by later philosophers....
17: Rise of 20th-Century Philosophy-Pragmatism
Watch as late 19th-century philosophy begins to fragment into the three subcultures that would characterize philosophy's next century: analytic, continental, and pragmatic. The last would become the indigenous American tradition, exemplified by its two major contributors, Charles Peirce and William James....
18: Rise of 20th-Century Philosophy-Analysis
Grasp how Frege's invention of the first new logic since Aristotle, combined with Russell's and Moore's attack on the dominant idealism of the age, led to a new approach, "analytic" or "Anglo-American" philosophy. It would become the dominant philosophical approach in all English-speaking countries....
19: Rise of 20th-Century Philosophy-Phenomenology
Watch as Husserl tried to formulate a new ideal philosophy of meaning on the basis of a nonempiricist, holistic analysis of human experience. His solution changed all subsequent European philosophy, liberating the investigation of lived experience from empiricism, psychology, and natural science....
20: Physics, Positivism, and Early Wittgenstein
Witness the logical positivists' reaction to the new physical view of the world offered by special and general relativity, quantum mechanics, and Hubble's discovery of the universe's expansion. They declared that reality is knowable only by science's "verifiable" constructions of sense data. As the young Wittgenstein wrote, beyond those limits we should be "silent."...
21: Emergence and Whitehead
Learn about both British Emergentism, which argued for a nonreductive metaphysics of science, and the work of Alfred North Whitehead, the one 20th-century philosopher to take up the 17th-century goal of a metaphysical system consistent with physics to explain the place of mind, values, and God....
22: Dewey's American Naturalism
Encounter the work of the most prominent American philosopher of the 20th century. Most famous as a philosopher of education, John Dewey called for a transformation of philosophy on pragmatic and naturalist principles and wrote in virtually every area of philosophy. To many Americans, Dewey was philosophy....
23: Heidegger's Being and Time
Learn how one of the most important philosophical books of the 20th century created the basis for modern existentialism, as Martin Heidegger put Husserl together with Kierkegaard and Nietzsche to forge a new kind of phenomenology that seeks the meaning of human existence....
24: Existentialism and the Frankfurt School
Witness European philosophers exploring individual alienation in mass culture as the modern Western world swirls in the turmoil of World War II. The German Frankfurt school merged Marx with Freud to find domination in reason itself. The French combined existentialism with Marxism. And Heidegger-without apology then or later-joined the Nazi Party....
25: Heidegger's Turn against Humanism
Watch Heidegger's later work take a new, decidedly anti-humanist direction. He called for a rejection of Western metaphysics-which expressed the triumph of technology and individualism dictating to Being-and instead asked that humans patiently "listen" to the call of Being....
26: Culture, Hermeneutics, and Structuralism
See culture and language seize a prime position in philosophical thought with Ernst Cassirer's neo-Kantian view of culture, Hans-Georg Gadamer's hermeneutics (amplifying Heidegger's claim that language is the "house of Being"), and Ferdinand de Saussure's and Claude Levi-Strauss's creation of structuralism....
27: Wittgenstein's Turn to Ordinary Language
Plunge into perhaps the most influential work of 20th-century philosophy as Ludwig Witt-genstein rejected his own earlier positivism to declare that linguistic meaning is dictated by its use, not by logic but by the contextual social activities in which sentences operate. Philosophical problems are caused by ripping terms out of their practical context....
28: Quine and the End of Positivism
See how Willard Van Orman Quine, who studied with the logical positivists, undermined their view. He showed that their distinction between truths of reason and truths of experience, borrowed from Kant, was a mistake....
29: New Philosophies of Science
With the decline of positivism, see the appearance of new interpretations of scientific knowledge. Learn about Popper's rejection of the idea that science seeks to confirm its theories, Davidson's formulation of an alternative to reductionism, and Kuhn's provocative view of scientific revolutions....
30: Derrida's Deconstruction of Philosophy
Learn about the most famous of the French postmodernists and his "deconstruction" of the history of Western philosophy. All writing (or sign-use, in general), Jacques Derrida asserted, must involve the pretense that the meanings of signs can be controlled, a pretense he vigorously denied....
31: The Challenge of Postmodernism
Derrida's work and that of kindred French thinkers Michel Foucault and Jean-François Lyotard created postmodernism. This movement's radical rejection of modern philosophy's central notions-and perhaps even philosophy itself-joined with a view of postmodern society as no longer requiring a "metanarrative" or foundational philosophy....
32: Rorty and the End of Philosophy
Sample the thinking of the most famous American contributor to philosophical postmodernism. Richard Rorty argued that the search for the foundations of "knowledge" -little more than whatever the verification procedures of society say it is-is a bankrupt enterprise. Traditional philosophy, according to Rorty, is well forgotten....
33: Rediscovering the Premodern
Learn how a series of 20th-century philosophers-including Leo Strauss, Hannah Arendt, and Alasdair MacIntyre-called for reincorporating premodern notions to supplement modernity. For if modern philosophy is indeed at a dead end, might not its departure from premodern thought be responsible?...
34: Pragmatic Realism-Reforming the Modern
See how pragmatism enjoyed a resurgence as a means of preserving the philosophical search for realist truth in the absence of foundationalism. Encounter a variety of attempts at nonfoundational epistemology, as thinkers like Habermas, Putnam, Margolis, and Campbell demonstrated this pragmatic renaissance....
35: The Reemergence of Emergence
While various applications of pragmatism resurfaced in the theory of knowledge, there was also a noticeable return of the metaphysical doctrine of emergence. Witness this return not only in the work of philosophers of science but also in science itself, exemplified by the late 20th-century interest in "complexity."...
36: Philosophy's Death Greatly Exaggerated
After the unprecedented philosophical radicalism of the 20th century, the question of philosophy's future still remains. Sample some of the most likely approaches by which philosophy might successfully integrate-and find common ground among-an increasingly complex array of human activities....