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Call of Duty Hub
Story & Theory
Illuminati are aliens/don't exist.
By Guest Shoreyo, November 12, 2011 in Asylum
Guest Shoreyo
0 Divinium
Edit: added Vril theories.
Two theories I've been gathering evidence for since Der Riese, reliable proof for both, originally it was that the 'illuminati' were the voices, but as the voices stem from touching the pyramid:
1.They're aliens (the Vrill?)/the people who build the pyramid on moon:
-Richoffen is the only character to interact/referrence the illuminati and is the only one to touch the pyramid and suffer its effects (voices)
-Many of his referrences to the illuminati are simmilar to his referrences to the voices.
-The voices started after touching the moon pyramid.
-The pyramid is the base for the masonic eye, a symbol of the illuminati, you can see it on the reverse of the american seal.
-Many fiction writers have put forward theories in their stories that the illuminati are aliens or people who have discovered/know the existance of the aliens, and Treyarch reference popular culture quite a lot, such as the Vril reference with the rod.
-The apples in Assassin's Creed utilise an idea where the race is dead, but their artifacts can 'talk' to humans with recordings of the aliens/creators and make them do things, also simmilar to the brainwashing Mason recieved in the campaign, Richtoffen could have gained the voices as a way for the creators of the artifact to get the discoverer to open it up (to put them in stasis for the aliens to arrive?) or destroy humanity (to prepare the way for colonisation?)
2.The illuminati don't exists
-Illuminati is latin for enlightened, so possibly they don't exist, they are just a metephor/psycho-referrencial allusion for the fact Richtoffen knows/believes he knows the 'truth' about the pyramid or things in general gleamed from touching it and the subsequent voices he recieved.
Guest Tac
I believe that the Vril-ya and the Illumanti are the same. If not the same, deeply interwoven. I also believe that they might be incredibly woven with Satan.
Guest MixMasterNut
I believe the Illuminati are unseen puppet masters working behind the scenes, in both the Zombies and BO campaign story lines. I think the Illuminati is more than just a metaphor, but more like an actual "character" within the game.
Ya, I agree with both of you, the idea I got was simmilar to the Ones Who Came Before, in Assassin's Creed. They seem to have a hold over certain people and communicate with them, but most people are fighting unaware over their artifacts (like 935 using the pyramid).
Guest AlphaSnake
I agree they are Alien in nature.
The reptilian alien theme can be seen in many conspiracies & ancient cultures.
These reptilians are shapeshifters that make themselves look like humans.
Given that 65 million years ago Dinosaurs walked the Earth, is it possible a humanoid like reptilian evolved before the mass extinction? Did they go underground? Did they also leave the planet?
"Star Trek: Voyager" Distant Origin (1997)
A saurian scientist finds the remains of a Voyager crewman who died on the planet where the crew was exiled by the Kazon during the two-part episode "Basics". An analysis of the remains' DNA shows links to his own DNA. While tracking and studying the Voyager crew, the scientist and his aide are discovered; they eventually pool their knowledge and conclude that the saurian is an evolved dinosaur from a species that left Earth more than 65 million years earlier. The scientist is thrilled to be able to prove his Distant Origin theory (that his saurian race originated elsewhere in the galaxy), but the rulers of his society place him on trial for heresy against the doctrinal teachings of their heritage, the central tenet being that they originated in the Delta Quadrant. The outcome of that trial threatens the Voyager crew as well.
So not so crazy after all.
The Book of Revelation twice refers to "the dragon, that ancient serpent, who is called the devil and Satan.
Make of this what you will...
The Unas from Stargate SG-1.
The primordial Goa'uld of P3X-888 were predators that evolved for millions of years in the prehistoric oceans. Snake-like vertebrates with blue blood, this early species had wing-like appendages, allowing them to leap over distances, and naquadah did not become a part of their physical makeup until later in their evolution. Eventually, they learned to take the indigenous aboriginal Unas as hosts whom they could control. Those who took hosts learned to use the stargate and left the planet, becoming a parasitic race of conquerors.
The Goa'uld Link...
Then we have V the series:
There are people who also believe they are what have been mistaken for Angel/Demons performing miracles & such.
Interdimensional beings/Demonic energy/Alien Reptilian Shapeshifter.
The fun thing is when I look into all this about the Illuminati, I find myself more interested in the things like skull & bones, then the bohemian club. Which I will add are 100% real...
[youtube:2li853zd]mPh7sUvhZ3E[/youtube:2li853zd]
Then you can find lots of articles about Satanism in the Elite ranks of society, more luciferianism but still one in the same.
[youtube:2li853zd]jqALdkTArqs[/youtube:2li853zd]
Could fact really be that strange?
The Elite have entire cities underground apparently ready for financial collapse in 2012...
[youtube:2li853zd]0NPHSdmtX3w[/youtube:2li853zd]
If you want to know more look into Denver international Airport:
Costing $4.8 billion, nearly $2 billion over budget... :idea: Where did all that money go I wonder?
Also WTH to New World Airport with a masonic stamp on it?
Fact that is way more interesting than any fiction I've ever read.
Mural from DIA.
Quotes From here:
Denver Airport Link.
A man named Phil Schneider claimed during the last year of construction that the underground airport system was being connected to a deep underground base. The base is at least 8 levels deep, with a 4.5 square mile underground city and an 88.5 square mile base underneath the airport. Alex Christopher, Author of Pandora's Box and Pandora's Box II - an expose of the British instigation through Washington D.C. over the last 200 years - adds, "It is very unusual that they would allot a 50 square-mile area on the surface at which to locate an airport in the middle of nowhere unless they really planned to use it for something very unusual later. There is a 10-mile, 4-line highway out to this airport, and there is nothing out there in between the airport and Denver. Not even a service station, at least in September 1995."
So why is an author of anti-British smears talking about the DIA? It turns out that, according to Christopher, the Queen of England has been buying up a lot of property in Colorado under a pseudonym. Along with the Crown, the CIA has a naturally great interest in the area. Rodney Stitch, author of Defrauding America, claims to have a copy of a tape of a CIA agent paying off the mayor of Denver to get the airport built, to the tune of $1.5 million. Nazis have an interest in the area as well, as much of the DIA's symbology refers cryptically to the Black Sun, some sort of Nazi secret occult worship. (Colorado had long been a strong center for the neo-Nazi movement, most notably through the June 1984 assassination of radio talk-show host Alan Berg.)
More on the bases:
Underground Bases, Missing Children and Extra-Terrestrials
What You Need to Know for Your Future
By James Casbolt, former MI6 agent – July 4, 2006
After the completion of my last article 'MI6 are the lords of the global drug trade' I must now present the full picture as to what the intelligence community drug trafficking money is being used for.
I need to do this for many reasons. The truth must come out and I need to protect my family and myself. If any of us were to come to a premature end it would only add more credibility to what I am saying. Therefore by presenting the following I am protecting us.
Government harassment and surveillance of me has increased since going public with the last article. I believe this has now become a 'national security' issue. I have had my life threatened, men situated in the hotel opposite my flat taking photographs of me using a high tech, long range camera which uses a blue laser, my phone line and my girlfriends mother's phone line tapped, my information hacked into and taken off multiple websites and e-mails from government officials blocked.
I believe this is because I am leaking information on projects classified 'above top secret' which I will go into in detail in this article. The intelligence run drug trafficking is only classified 'secret'.
My name is James Casbolt and I worked in MI6 covert cocaine trafficking operations with the IRA in London between 1995 and 1999. My father Peter Casbolt was also MI6 and worked with the CIA and mafia in Rome in 1993 on covert cocaine and heroin trafficking operations.
The global drugs trade run by many factions of the global intelligence community co-operating together (MI6, CIA, MOSSAD etc) is worth at least £500 billion a year. This is more than the global oil trade. MI6 control many of the other intelligence agencies in the world. MI6 created the CIA in 1947 and still control them today. This 'black ops' drug money or in classic Orwellian terms, MI6/CIA 'non-appropriated funds' is being used to fund government and military projects classified 'Above top secret'.
These operations include a huge worldwide UFO cover up and the building and maintaining of deep underground military bases (D.U.M.B.S).
There are many of these bases worldwide but here is small list.
1- Dulce in New Mexico 2-Brecon Beacons in Wales 3-Los Alamos in Mexico 4- Pine Gap in Australia 5- The Snowy mountains in Australia 5- The Nyala range in Africa 6- West of Kindu in Africa 6- Next to the Libyan border in Egypt 7- Mount Blanc in Switzerland 8- Narvik in Scandinavia 9- Gottland island in Sweden and many other places. These projects are being run by a secret, unelected international governing body connected to the U.N.
There are at least 1400 of these D.U.M.B.S worldwide. 131 in the US. With 2 underground bases being built per year in the US at the moment. The average depth of the bases are four and a quarter miles underground ( some shallower and some deeper ). The bases are on average the size a medium sized city. Each DUMB base costs between 17 and 26 billion dollars to build which is funded by MI6/CIA drug money. Each underground base employs 10000 to 18000 workers. A nuclear powered drill it used to dig underground. This drill goes through rock at a tremendous rate and literally melts the rock away to form a smooth glass like surface around the edges of the tunnels.
On May 20 I personally received information from a former member of the NSA (National security agency) through a third party. I wish to protect this man's identity and so I will call him 'G'. This is the first time this information is being made public.
G was subcontracted by the NSA in the late 1980's and worked for the NSA until 1992. He was a senior electrical engineer in the Los Alamos underground base in New Mexico. G also worked at the Alamo Gordo DUMB in New Mexico and an underground base in Hawaii. He said the Los Alamos base goes two miles underground and is the size of a small city.
Whilst there he witnessed rows of caged humans, tall grey aliens and a reptilian alien. G says the NSA was very hard on all subcontractors and people were worked very hard under severe conditions.
According to G the US federal government, the USAF and the DOE (department of energy) run the Hawaii DUMB he worked at. This base goes down two miles and stretches out into the Pacific Ocean.
It was here that three very tall and muscular 'Nordic' looking men (who according to G were reptilian/human hybrids because their eyes would 'shift' into having vertical slits for pupils) chased him along the motorway there and threatened to kill him because he had overheard them talking about some piece of high technology.
Understandably G has been emotionally scarred from these experiences and does not like talking to people about them.
I was also told on May 23 from this source that in June there would be a huge amount of HAARP engineered earthquakes on the west coast of America and that the DUMBS there had already been evacuated and shut down. This was one hundred percent accurate because between the 21 and 28 of June there were at least 400 earthquakes on the West Coast of America.
I posted all this information on the God like productions forum on the net and within hours the post was hacked into and removed.
By executive order the NSA is exempt from all laws which do not specifically name the NSA in the text of the law. Which basically means they can do whatever they want and are answerable to no one.
This is because of its interaction with extra-terrestrial species and its twisted view that the people are children and cannot handle the truth.
There is currently an internal war raging in the global intelligence community regarding the alien agenda. This is between negative and positive factions. From my understanding one of the main negative factions is a group centred around MI6 and the CIA called 'Aquarius'. This group is covering up the truth, blatantly lying and discrediting or murdering anyone who gets too close to exposing what is going on. There is also a positive group centred around naval intelligence called 'Comm 12' which is leaking accurate information regarding the alien agenda into the public arena.
When the missile (not plane) hit the pentagon on 9-11, it hit the naval intelligence section of the building. This was part of the internal war between Aquarius and Comm 12 being played out.
Aquarius has also enlisted the help of Hollywood and the mainstream media to twist the facts of the alien agenda and blind the public to the truth. Sir Martin Wakefield Jacomb was director for the telegraph newspapers in 1986. He is also connected into MI6 and is involved with laundering MI6 drug money through the bank of England. Jacomb was the director of the bank of England from 1987 to 1995. Former head of the CIA William Casey was head of the council of the media network ABC. Many Insiders refer to the ABC network as 'The CIA network'.
The grey and reptilian aliens working together with the military in the underground bases is called MIEC (military industrial extra- terrestrial complex). This is a malevolent organisation, as you shall see with the following information. There are also benevolent ET's on this planet. These groups are not part of the MIEC and are from the Pleiades, Andromeda, Lyra, Procyon, Tau Ceti, Sirius A, and Ummo. These groups seem to work together in some kind of protective 'federation'.
On February 20, 1954 a delegation from these groups met with the Eisenhower administration in an unsuccessful effort to reach an agreement on the US's thermonuclear weapons program. The stumbling block to these negotiations was that these ET's were not willing to provide technology that might have been used by the military-industrial factions of the Eisenhower administration. These peace loving 'human looking' beings refused to be co-opted into the emerging military industrial extra terrestrial complex (MIEC) in the US, Britain, Russia and elsewhere on the planet.
On July 11, 1934 the first treaty with the greys from Orion occurred aboard a naval ship in Balboa. This was one of the most important events in human history because it thrust us into a role we were not prepared for as regards to being a host to a malevolent extra-terrestrial race. The US federal government disregarded the constitution of the United States by doing this and not telling the people. It was here that the agreement was first made between the greys representing the reptilians from Orion and representatives of the US intelligence community. The treaty stated that in return for the greys providing high technology (anti-gravity, metals and alloys, environment, free energy and medical technology) the government would allow the greys to proceed unhindered with human abductions. This was only if a list of abductees was provided to the government and the abductees returned unharmed with their memories of the events erased.
In 1944 the second extension of the treaty was signed. I have very little details of this.
In May 1954 again under the Eisenhower administration the third extension of this treaty was signed called 'The Greada treaty'. The greys and reptilians blatantly broke the terms of this treaty as we shall see later in this information. The greada treaty was agreed upon at the Holloman air force base in New Mexico by the greys and the 'Ultra' unit in the NSA. The original document of this treaty and the ET materials from it can be found today at the NSA facility called 'Blue moon' underneath Kirkland air force base in New Mexico. The entrance to this underground base is in the Manzano mountains. Also at this location is the technological base of the secretive department of energy (DOE). Today free energy devices developed from grey and reptilian technology are being built for use in space at the DOE base.
On April 15 1964 two intelligence personnel met under 'project Plato' with the greys in the New Mexico desert to arrange a meeting on April 25 at Holloman air force base in New Mexico. This meeting was to renew the treaty again in a psychological bid to buy time in order to solve the problem of the greys and reptilians.
A truly nightmarish situation is now unfolding. Phil Schneider was a geologist, structural engineer and underground tunnelling expert for the US government and the UN. He participated in the construction of many DUMBS in North America and other countries. Phil was murdered by the CIA on January 17 1996 in his apartment in Wilsonville in Portland, Oregon.
In 1979 in Dulce New Mexico, Phil Schneider was drilling into the desert there to build an auxiliary base in the southern end of Dulce on top of an already existing underground base there. The already existing base had been built by the US government in the 1940's under ' operation blue note' but afterwards had been taken over by greys and reptilians. Over a period of two days Phil and his team had drilled four holes in the desert that went down several thousand feet.
One of the holes kept bringing up dirty dust, putrid odours and broken off machine bits that were sent down the hole. Boring machines and lasers came back up damaged when they were sent down there. A probe was then sent down that came back up totally missing. Eventually people were sent down. Phil was the first person to go. He was lowered down into the cave and when he got down there, standing around ten feet away were two seven-foot greys. He became petrified but managed to empty one clip from his pistol into the greys. As he was reloading one of the greys hit Phil with some kind of particle beam weapon which gave him a very high dose of nuclear radiation poisoning, similar to cobalt radiation but even worse. Phil's lung was burnt out of him and he has a huge scar running down his chest which he showed at his lectures which are available on video google.com. His fingers on his left hand were burnt off, his bones were burnt. He was basically cooked.
He was in radiation isolation therapy for 400 days plus. In the cave large metallic vats were found filled with human body parts, generally glands. In the vats were high tech stirring devices that stopped the blood coagulating.
In Aztec in New Mexico on the 13 February 1948 a crashed flying disk was retrieved by the US military. The craft was 100 feet in diameter was made of a light metal resembling aluminium and contained ET reptilian bodies. A large number of human body parts were also found on board the craft.
The 'above top secret' security lid was screwed down on this even tighter than Roswell to stop mass panic.
The very next day after the crash (the craft was probably shot down by the military) the government bought up the property from the local landowners. Witnesses in Aztec observed covered military trucks going in and out of the area for days after the crash.
The craft was transported to Wright Patterson air force base. The disc incorporated large rings of metal which revolved around a central stabilised cabin. There were no rivets, bolts, screws or signs of wielding.
People in Aztec carefully guard their words as to the accounts of the crashed disk. The Aztec citizens are still being monitored by the military to this day. One elderly woman said her husband watched the military trucks going in and out of the crash area for days. She said she was very nervous about the whole thing and didn't want to talk about any of it other than her husband seeing the military vehicles. She was asked if she believed there had been a UFO crash. Her response was " If something hadn't happened out there, how come the military rushed right in... why was the covered military trucks going in and out of the canyon...why did they deny being there...and why were they buying the near and surrounding land where the UFO supposedly crashed?
In Cambodia in 1972 at the height of the Vietnam war, a US special operations team out on patrol came across a group of alien creatures loading various human body parts into large metal containers and sealing them. A pitched battle ensued, which resulted in fatalities on both sides. As the soldiers pulled back the aliens quickly retreated to their craft taking the body parts with them. As usual a major cover-up was quickly enforced.
One of my contacts in Wales who I will call 'D' to protect his identity, was approached by an elite intelligence organisation called 'Group 5-8'. This group was formed by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980's to work at the sights of crashed ET craft in Britain. This is the first time this information is being made public.
Even though group 5-8 was formed by Margaret Thatcher it is a UN group. The group 5-8 man called George showed my contact a UN identity card with UN holograms on it. George then drove D to a clandestine meeting on a motorway services.
It was here that George showed D photographs of human mutilations they had found near the heavily guarded Breaken beacon DUMB in Wales. These photos were taken at a sealed off area where UFO activity had taken place.
The photos showed a girl of sixteen and a boy of twenty who had their genitals removed, eyeballs removed, lips removed and directly half of their skin was missing. George said group 5-8 regularly found camper vans around this area where the occupants had vanished.
D understandably had nightmares for weeks after this and was soon after followed by a high-tech American utility van with blue lights underneath it. I believe this was a NSA van.
Days after this D had his life threatened over the phone. The call was anonymous but told him to keep quite or his house would be burnt down with him in it. George then called D and told him his life was in danger and to get the information out as soon as possible to protect himself. The next day a gasman turned up pulled out his ID the moment the door was opened walked in and checked the metre. When he left a fire broke out which nearly burnt down the house with D and his wife in it. The house was wrecked and the fire brigade said the fire had mysteriously started in the bin in the room where the gasman was.
After this D another man and myself were investigating reports of a DUMB and missing children around the small village of Zennor in Cornwall. There had been many sightings of alien beings on the cliffs there since the 1960's and many UFO sightings around the area and large amounts of covert military activity. Some of the UFO's had disappeared into the ocean there according to witnesses.
Two years ago a Devon and Cornwall police project classified 'secret' had gone on. This was a dig for the mass graves of children by the police. They had traced the reports of many missing children to this area. This is classified information that D managed to get hold of from his contacts. Once again this is the first time this information is being made public. From what I can gather the police did not find any bodies and the digging area was walled off from the public.
I believe the police were looking in the wrong place because the activity seems to be coming from underground. When the poet D.H Lawrence stayed at a small cottage in Zennor he heard explosions coming from deep underground. And Aleister Crowley who was an MI6 agent spent much time at Zennor. As already stated MI6 and the CIA are heavily involved in the alien agenda and I believe Aleister Crowley was up to his neck in it.
Aleister Crowley had performed many satanic rituals at a cottage in Zennor (there seems to be a close connection with Satanism and the greys and reptilians). At this cottage one night after Crowley left that a woman named Ka Cox died of a stroke and her husband went insane and ended up in Bodmin mental asylum. The man said a reptilian being had materialised in the house and I believe Ka Cox died of fright after seeing this. The police files pertaining to her death were stolen from the police station after this.
Aleister Crowley was also at Montauk in New York when the project was in full swing and there is a quantum energy grid line that runs from Montauk to Zennor and the Men An Tol ancient stones in Cornwall.
After the fire at D's house everything had been quite for a couple of years. All of a sudden after two days into our missing children investigation at Zennor, D had men outside his bedroom window shining lights in. This is an intimidation tactic used by the intelligence agencies.
I have only scratched the surface of what is going on at Zennor as there is not room to go into it all here. The bigger picture will be made public soon.
So what is going on with these human mutilations and missing people?. The truth of the matter is that the greys and reptilians feed off the glandular secretions and hormones through a type of osmosis. This is why major organs are taken from people. Your mind may want to go into denial that this is happening but if you start digging you will find this is 100% true. On the Crowed skies website there is video smuggled out of the Dulce underground facility that shows greys inside vats absorbing these blood mixtures through their skin.
Researchers Bill Hamilton and Tal Levesque (AKA Jason Bishop) received reports from workers at the Dulce DUMB who worked there in the mid 1970's when it was being jointly run by the CIA, greys and reptilians. This was before the ET's completely took the base over and kicked the humans out.
The workers said the Dulce facility goes down at least seven levels. Level six is privately called 'nightmare hall' amongst workers. They tell of bizarre experimentation and multi-legged humans that look half human and half octopus, reptilian humanoids, furry creatures with hands like humans that cry like a baby, and mimic human words. Also a huge mixture of lizard humans in cages, several cages of winged humans, three and a half to seven feet tall bat like creatures and gargoyle like beings. In level seven are thousands of rows of human and human genetic mixtures in cold storage, humanoid embryo storage vats with embryos in various stages of development. Other workers said they witnessed scenes even more terrifying than this and refused to talk about them. One worker told Bill Hamilton " I frequently encountered humans in cages, usually dazed or drugged, but sometimes they cried and begged for help. We were told they were insane and involved in high-risk drug tests to cure insanity. We were told never to speak to them at all. At the beginning we believed the story. Finally in 1978 a small group of workers discovered the truth".
Thomas Castello was one of the security workers at the Dulce facility. Thomas worked seven years for the Rand Corporation in California. He was transferred to Dulce in 1977. He estimated there were more than 18000 short greys at Dulce and also saw tall reptilians.
Thomas knew of seven levels but said there could have been more. He said the aliens were on levels five, six and seven. The lower you go the higher the security clearance is needed. The only sign in English is above the tube shuttle system and says 'To Los Alamos'. The tube shuttle travels at mach 2.7. Most signs at the Dulce facility are in the alien symbol language and a universal system understood by humans and ET's. Thomas said the other shuttle connections from Dulce went to Page Arizona, Area 51 Nevada, Taos Carlsbad, Datil New Mexico, Colorado Springs and Creede Colorado. Thomas also said there is a vast number of tube shuttle connections under the United States which extend into a global system of tunnels to other underground bases in other countries.
Thomas Castello said that below the second level of the Dulce facility everyone is weighed naked and given a uniform. Any change in weight is noted and if there is a change in weight of three pounds or more the people are x-rayed. At the entrance to all sensitive areas are scales and the persons weight must match with their ID card and code to gain entry.
Thomas Castello smuggled many things out of the Dulce facility before he escaped which included twenty seven sheets of 8x10 photos of alien and genetic creatures in vats. One silent surveillance camera video tape, which begins with showing computer banks then vats, multi shots of nightmare hall, two shots of greys, one shot of the terminal sign saying 'To Los Alamos' and thirty seconds of the shuttle train arriving.
Twenty five pages of diagrams, chemical formulas, schematics and alien equipment.
* A copy of the new government/alien treaty with signatures.
* Two pages of original documents signed by Ronald Reagan (then governor of California). Each page has Ronald Reagan's signature plus other political signatures and four alien signatures.
* Thomas Castello's 'flash gun' (a laser type weapon used by the security officers at Dulce).
* Thomas put the original set of these items in a sealed, one piece oxygen free heavy plastic box. Five sets of copies are in five different boxes in five different locations guarded by five different individuals known only to Thomas Castello.
I understand these individuals would be scared to leak this proof as Thomas Castello's wife and child were kidnapped and then disappeared in Puerto Rico not long after this (now presumed dead). But if any of you are reading this then please contact me anonymously and we can arrange for you to send me a copy. I will be able to get it out on a large scale. My e-mail address will be at the end of this article.
This is part of an interview with Thomas Castello before he disappeared- " I am saying there are aliens in several underground bases in this country and terrible things happen in those places. If I die before it is proven search for proof. Demand that the government admit it. If enough people demand it they will find a way to explain the base or at least explain why they must keep it secret. There are many people that work at Dulce that know me. I am challenging those co-workers to speak up anonymously. Send a letter to confirm what I have explained. In the name of the brave men, women, children and aliens that died trying to let the public know what is going on at the Dulce facility. Expose that horrid place before thousands more innocent people are tortured and die unspeakable deaths".
The Rand corporation which is involved in the construction of these underground bases has released ' The Roper report'. This is now a third generation report that says according to their research one in ten people have been abducted and implanted by the Greys and reptilians and returned with their memories erased. This report has been sent out to one hundred and ten thousand clinical psychiatrists in the US.
The Roper report also states that women are being raped by reptilian ET's as part of a ongoing genetic program by them. As fantastic as this sounds it is backed up by some of the world's top MD's like John Mack and many others. There are some ninety concerned psychiatric scientists in the US who are trying to form an organisation to prevent secrecy on this horrendous situation.
They say that because of the alien/government treaties this amounts to government sponsored rape. According to the Roper report 99.3% of the abductees being used in this ongoing genetic ET program are female and 0.7% are male.
I have personally seen intelligence documents of studies into the Grey and Reptilian problem that show they are involved in genetic sabotage of the human race. The Grey and Reptilian alien agenda is to slowly and covertly take over the planet in the next thirty years, reduce the population and run the planet from underground using the surface population as food to be taken when and how they wish. The British, Russian and US government is shooting down around one Grey and Reptilian craft a month with particle beam weapons developed from Tesla technology.
The Russians have areas the size of football fields full of crashed ET craft. If that is not a full-scale invasion I don't know what is.
The British, Russian and US government have become 'blood brothers' and the best of friends because of the alien agenda. The Russian and US cold war was feigned animosity and a sham so these governments could develop nuclear weapon programs to counter the alien threat.
The cold war was a lie for the public to take the attention away from what the nuclear weapons program was really being developed for, not against Russia but as a last resort against the Greys and Reptilians.
The headquarters of the secret international governing body in charge of dealing with the ET phenomenon is in Geneva, Switzerland. The ruling body is made up of representatives of the governments involved as well as the executive members of the group known as the Bilderburgers. As I have said the British, American and Russian governments are working very closely together because of the Grey/Reptilian threat to the planet. Although the situation is so horrendous that these governments have shattered into panicked factions, some of which have 'sold out' and are directly helping the Greys and Reptilians.
According to very credible US government insider William Cooper the most important meetings of this secret international governing body are held by the policy committee on a nuclear submarine beneath the polar ice caps.
The secrecy is such that this is the only method to make certain the meetings cannot be bugged and is the only place they will discuss their biggest secrets.
It would be wrong and cruel of me to present his information without presenting the full picture. The Greys and reptilians from Orion have been involved in an ancient war with the Benevolent Pleiadians and other groups. The Pleiadians are a very powerful group and are the guardians of this solar system. I personally do not believe they will let the grey/reptilian agenda fully unfold. They have helped us in the past, are helping us now and will help us in the future.
I know this because I have had many Para-normal ET contact experiences since childhood. There is not room to go into detail here but is covered in the 'Above top secret' presentation with investigative journalist Dave Starbuck. Type 'revelation audio visual-Dave star buck' into a search engine to find.
I have very clear photographic evidence of benevolent Pleiadian ET's materialising in my house and a box of 'channelled' communications with these beings. These photographs will stand up to a computer grain analysis test because they are all one hundred percent real. I also do not have the knowledge or technology to fake them. One photo shows a very clear face materialising in front of me. I also have post traumatic stress disorder from abductions and other contacts with malevolent reptilian entities. Again these are covered in 'Above top secret'.
There is a massive number of missing children in Britain, America and other places connected to these underground bases. The figure in Britain seems to be at least twenty thousand children dissappear without a trace every year. In a 1995 classified CIA, DIA (defence intelligence agency) and FBI report, it stated that one hundred thousand children and one million adults disappear and are never found in the US every year.
You may ask yourself how is this being covered up. As was mentioned at the beginning of the article, the same group working with the greys and reptilians which is MI6, CIA and the MIEC, own and control the mainstream media.
In 2001 Scotland Yard police revealed that it had been unable to find three hundred black boys aged between four to seven that disappeared from London in a three-month period. The three hundred boys were reported missing between July and September in 2001.
Journalist Yinka Sunmonu an expert in missing children told the BBC's Today program "Children are here one day and gone the next".
In 1989 in Westchester, New York which was the site of numerous UFO overflights and reports of human abductions at that time. Over three thousand missing children reports surfaced. After extensive investigation by local police departments the children were not found at red light districts or centres for run a ways. Researchers and law enforcement officials were baffled.
There is also the CIA 'finders case'. This involved negative factions of the CIA directly involved in child kidnapping. This was revealed in a 1987 US customs report. Customs and police raided a Washington DC warehouse which was used by the CIA. There they found a set of instructions broadcast via a computer network which advised the CIA to move a huge amount of kidnapped children that were originally being held at the warehouse (customs and police found large amount of nappies and other things there) and to keep them moving across jurisdictions. There were instructions on impregnation of female teenagers and also instructions on how to avoid police detection. The destination for the children in the instructions was New Mexico.
The Albuquerque journal ran an article entitled ' Why New Mexico has so many more missing children than comparable states remains a mystery'.
Much of this activity is centred around New Mexico where the Dulce underground facility is.
One male survivor of the MI6/CIA mind control project Monarch described in 'The illuminati formula' by Fritz Springmeir:
The china lake naval base at Ridgecrest in the California desert. This anonymous man says batches of children numbering one, two and three thousand were kept in cages piled up to the ceiling of large hangers. He says these cages are called 'woodpecker grids'. These are electrified and the children were tortured with electric shocks.
Children are today still being transported to china lake naval base by train, car and air. One of the main delivery routes for children into China Lake is by plane from the Santa Rosa airstrip near Bohemian grove. The Santa Rosa airstrip is supposed to be closed, yet planes take off from there every night and do not put there lights on until they are hundreds of feet in the air.
The Nazi geneticist and mind control scientist Joseph Mengela 'The angel of death' from the Auschwitz concentration camp was brought to America after the war by MI6 and the OSS (which became the CIA) in project paperclip. Many other leading Nazi mind control experts, rocket scientists and geneticists were also brought to America and Britain after the war.
Joseph Mengela stayed at the China Lake base and the Tavistock institute in London.
China Lake naval base is in the same as Lancaster, California. It was in Lancaster the mass graves of mutilated children were discovered.
By the sheer amount of evidence the only conclusion I can come to is that certain sections of the US and British government have sold us and our children out to malevolent ET's in backdoor treaties. The situation is truly grim. Come on people, time to wake up! The new world order and UN one world government is this rigid control structure to clamp the people of the world into a totalitarian vice so they won't have to tell us about the aliens.
I also believe that certain sections of the intelligence community and the US and British government are directly helping the Greys and Reptilians with their takeover agenda. Evidence seems to point to the ET's promising these humans certain powers when this happens. The name of the powerful secretive group 'The Tri lateral commission' is taken from the Orion Grey/Reptilian flag known as the Tri lateral insignia. This shows how much trouble the Human race is in.
There is now an apathy amongst the people towards world events that is deadly and contagious. This is especially true of the people of Britain. We have truly become a nation of sheep.
I challenge you to shake off that apathy and challenge your government to tell you the truth. Please send letters copies of this article to your local government officials and distribute it amongst your friends and family. This information desperately needs to get out on a large scale as possible but I cannot do this on my own, I need your help.
There is a huge amount of pressure on the governments to go public on the ET scenario, but there is also a huge amount of pressure on them not to go public as well. We need to demand our government officials tell us the truth about the ET scenario and if they do not we must impeach them.
If there are any government officials or intelligence personnel who still have a conscious and would like to provide me with information on any of the areas covered in this article or information on any other areas, please contact me at the e-mail addresses below. I will also be willing to meet you face to face.
Underground Bases, Missing Children and Extra-Terrestrials. What You Need to Know for Your Future Link.
Benjamin Franklin's links to occult secret societies have long been known. In the clip below, the History Channel talks about his involvement in the Hellfire Club, a secret society that conducted black masses and orgies. These bizarre, occult practices are still going on today in secret societies like the Bohemian club.
In 1998, workmen restoring Franklin's London home dug up the remains of six children and four adults hidden below the home. The London Times reported on February 11, 1998:
"Initial estimates are that the bones are about 200 years old and were buried at the time Franklin was living in the house, which was his home from 1757 to 1762, and from 1764 to 1775. Most of the bones show signs of having been dissected, sawn or cut. One skull has been drilled with several holes. Paul Knapman, the Westminster Coroner, said yesterday: "I cannot totally discount the possibility of a crime. There is still a possibility that I may have to hold an inquest."
Who knows what is in store for humanity.
Regards Alpha.
Guest Ehjookayted
Wow, Alpha, that was great. Good to have you back.
I love learning more about the storyline and posts like these really enhance that enlightenment, as well as further pique my interest in something so complex yet so masterful. We can only hope that Black Ops 2 delivers the same results, the same twisted storyline, that undoubtedly will lead us to question everything, perhaps even, our own humanity? :twisted:
Guest BlindBusDrivr
I personally think that the Illuminati are actually demons. They are Satan's followers. His name was Lucifer. The Light bearer, Illuminati means, Englightened. see the connection?
I also think Satan was one of the vril ya, and had many followers, but when he tried to take all the power of the vril for himself, they imprisoned him in aether via the MPD, him and his followers. Now, they are using their powers from
Aether to speak to people on the outside. Like Sam can project the teddy bears, they can leave the notes for Richtofen, and speak to him through his subconscious. This would make sense with the quotes, because if they are talking to him, and he's always referencing the voices.
also, it just wouldn't make that much sense that they be people, since they can't just make it to the Moon and stuff.
An alternate theory, is that some of the vril ya that followed him, are still living in secrecy, and can leave the notes for Richtofen and such. But I find that one less likely.
And Alpha, HOLY CRAP, that is a LOT of info right there.
lol, Alpha's replies are the average users topic!


grape juice health benefits - While Mangoes are known as the' King of Fruits ', grapes are universally called as the' Queen of Fruits '. The tiny juicy grapes are categorised into three smorgasbords based on emblazons; lettuce, red and black/ blue. So are there any health benefits in grapes?
Grapes can be ate in many ways. It can be either eaten fresh, devoured in a liquid organize or used in the preparation of wine-colored and jelly.During wintertimes, you will find different kinds of grapes in the market. As it is the season of grapes, the uptake of this citrus fruit is very high.
Although grapes are tiny in length, it has numerous health benefits. A parcel of people are unaware of the health benefits of grapes. For speciman, drinking grape liquid is one of the easiest ways to treat sournes. Likewise, the citrus fruit juice is also a health drinking for dieters who are on a weight loss regime.
Grape juice health benefits are laden with nutrients, antioxidants, vitamins and mineral which stops us fit. For speciman, drinking grape liquid is one of the conventional rectifies to medication migraine. Likewise, resveratrol in grape liquid delays the onslaught of neuro-degenerative maladies. FIND OUT: Is Gobbling Grapes During Pregnancy Safe?
It would be interesting to know that grape liquid is good for skin as well. Imbibing a glass of grape liquid ever daytime facilitates get a clear and flawless skin naturally.
It also has anti-ageing benefits on the skin. Lettuce grapes especially speed up metabolism and encourage perspiration which in turn facilitates get a gleaming and childish skin naturally.
So selection of grapes is very important. You must buy fresh, burly, unblemished, evenly coloured grapes. This can be easily done by filching a assortment of grapes and shaking them. If the grapes die, then "theyve been" accumulated for long. And if the grapes are attached to the branch, then you can be assured that they are fresh to be devoured. You can organize fresh grape liquid at home itself! Check out some of the health benefits grape juice.
Grapes have flavonoids which conjures the good cholesterol ranks( HDL ). This avoids barrier of arteries and reduce the possibility of heart diseases.
Resveratol in grapes avoids the formation of tumour cells in their own bodies. Grape juice benefits the health of women in particular as it protects them from breast cancer.
A lot of people suffer from sournes. Imbibing a glass of fresh grape liquid every day can medication sournes and cough as well!
This is another health benefit of drinking grape liquid. It lowers and stabilises the blood pressure.
Drinking grape juice daily regularise the bowel movements. Likewise, grape liquid also analyse indigestion.
Drinking ripe grape juice is an age old remedy to discus migraine. Make sure you do not lend water in the grape juice.
Grape juice is also good for the mane. The tiny juicy outcome has antioxidants which increases blood circulation in the scalp.
Drinking grape juice is good for the skin. Apart from increasing dark smudges and acne, grape liquid also delays the ageing process.


On 19 August GeoNet reported that activity at Tongariro's Te Maari Craters had declined significantly since the eruption in 2012, with data suggesting that unrest associated with the eruption was over. The Volcanic Alert Level was lowered to 0 (on a scale of 0-5). The Volcanic Alert Level for Ngauruhoe is separate and had been lowered to 0 on 20 April.
A previous report on Tongariro covered the 6-7 August 2012 eruption and subsequent return to quiet (BGVN 37:07). Aside from a short-lived eruptive episode on 21 November 2012, GeoNet Data Centre reported only occasional mild degassing and small earthquakes occurred through August 2013. No further eruptive activity was reported through late 2014.
Activity during 2012. Degassing continued after the August 2012 eruption. Gas flux was relatively low on 29 August; sulfur dioxide emissions were 150 tonnes/day and carbon dioxide flux was 420 tonnes/day. Gas flights on 13 and 18 September revealed sulfur dioxide levels of 980 and 540 tonnes/day, respectively, and carbon dioxide flux of 1,340 tonnes/day on 18 September. The report noted that although the levels were lower than the 2,100 tonnes/day of sulfur dioxide and 3,900 tons of carbon dioxide measured on 9 August, shortly after the eruption, they had increased and were considered significant.
A field team visited the craters on 13 September and noted that Upper Te Maari crater has been widened and deepened by the 6 August eruption. They installed a new webcam pointed directly at the new Te Maari vents.
GeoNet researchers visited the Upper Te Maari Craters on 30 September to sample fumaroles, conduct a carbon dioxide soil gas survey, collect ejecta from the August eruption, and photograph the area (figures 9 and 10). The average carbon dioxide soil gas flux was lower than on 27 July; 24 sites had increased fluxes while 20 had decreased. The estimated soil gas emissions had decreased overall from about 5.8 to 2.5 metric tonnes per day.
Figure 9. View of Te Maari craters at Tongariro looking S on 30 September 2012. Courtesy of GeoNet.
Figure 10. View of Upper Te Maari Crater looking E, 30 September 2012. Courtesy of GeoNet.
On 12 October, GeoNet reported that gas plumes drifting downwind had been detected a hundred kilometers or more away. During the previous two weeks an odor attributed to venting was noticed in Manawatu (112 km S) and Hawke's Bay (120 km ESE). On 30 October the SO2 flux was 154 tonnes per day and the carbon dioxide flux was 477 tonnes per day. Several teams of scientists visited the Te Maari Craters on 5 November to service portable seismometers (complementing four permanent installations), sample gas vents, and collect samples of ejecta. The GeoNet report noted that not many earthquakes had been recorded recently, and that the hottest gas vent was 235° C while the others ranged from 95-104°.
A small eruption at the Te Maari Craters occurred at 1325 on 21 November (figure 11), without precursory events, prompting GeoNet to raise the Volcanic Alert Level to 2 and the Aviation Colour Code to Red. A report at 1730 noted that the eruption appeared to be over; the Aviation Colour Code was lowered to Orange, signaling that ash was no longer being emitted.
Figure 11. An ash plume rose from the Te Maari Crater at Tongariro at 1330 local time, shortly after the 21 November 2012 eruption. Courtesy of Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Ltd.
The eruption occurred from the same area as the eruption on 6 August and lasted less than five minutes, although local seismic activity lasted about 15 minutes. GNS staff and hikers saw the eruption; an ash plume rose 3-4 km above the Upper Te Maari crater and produced ashfall across part of State Highway 46 and NE towards Turangi (21 km NE). Two small pyroclastic density currents were produced at the base of the column, to the W and N of the crater, and traveled a few hundred meters downslope. Later that afternoon gas-and-steam plumes drifted SE. On 22 November a sulfur gas odor was reported downwind in Manawatu (S) and Hawke's Bay (115 km ESE). A substantial amount of gas was emitted during 22-23 November. The Aviation Colour Code was lowered to Yellow on 23 November due to the absence of emitted ash. On 26 November GeoNet noted that no further volcanic activity had occurred since the eruption, gas flux had decreased, and seismic activity remained low.
Reports during 2013 and 2014. GeoNet reported on 14 February 2013 that no eruptive activity had been detected since the 21 November 2012 explosion. Steam-and-gas plumes rose from the Te Maari Craters, and had been unusually strong during recent weeks possibly due to weather conditions. On 25 March GeoNet reported continued quiescence, but with continuing steam-and-gas plumes. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green (second lowest on a 4 four-color scale) and the Volcanic Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5).
On 6 August 2013 small earthquakes were detected beneath Tongariro. These events were recorded only by a few seismic stations and were too small to be precisely located. GNS Science noted that the earthquakes could simply have been part of the background unrest typical of most active volcanoes, but they were of interest because there had been so few since November 2012 and potentially could have signaled changes inside the volcano.
The amounts of CO2 and sulfur gases emitted from Tongariro had remained at low levels since the start of 2013 and were about half the amount produced after the November 2012 explosion. These conditions, and the small number and small size of recent earthquakes, were not sufficient to alter the unrest status of the volcano; the Volcanic Alert remained at Level 1; the Aviation Color Code remained Green.
On 23 December 2013 GeoNet reported that the volcano continued to remain quiet. A few small earthquakes were recorded on the northern flanks at a rate of 2-3 per month. Gas measurements showed SO2 fluxes of about 10-15 tonnes/day, also a low level. Volcanologists also sampled the fumaroles on Te Maari that have been active since the 2012 eruptions; the main fumarole, which often provides strong steam plumes visible from Taupo, was emitting gases at over 400 °C.
A 10 February 2014 survey of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions near Red Crater (~4 km SSW from Te Maari) noted little change since a 2009 survey. In 2009 there was a calculated flux of 47 tonnes per day from the survey area. The result from the February 2014 survey indicated a flux of 39 tonnes per day; the difference was not considered significant. The temperature just below the ground surface was also similar to 2009 values.
Information Contacts: GeoNet, a collaboration between the Earthquake Commission and GNS Science (URL: http://www.geonet.org.nz/); GNS Science, Wairakei Research Center, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand (URL: http://www.gns.cri.nz/).
On 20 April GeoNet reported that it had been three weeks since anomalous seismicity at Tongariro's Ngauruhoe cone had been detected. In addition, no anomalous ground temperatures or unusual levels of gas emissions were detected at the summit during fieldwork, indicating that the minor unrest had ceased. The Volcanic Alert Level was lowered to 0 (on a scale of 0-5).
A small eruption at Tongariro's Te Maari Craters occurred at 1325 on 21 November, without precursory events, prompting GeoNet to raise the Volcanic Alert Level to 2 and the Aviation Colour Code to Red. A report at 1730 noted that the eruption appeared to be over; the Aviation Colour Code was lowered to Orange.
The eruption occurred in the same area as the previous eruption on 6 August and lasted less than five minutes, although local seismic activity lasted about 15 minutes. GNS staff and hikers saw the eruption. An ash plume rose 3-4 km above the Upper Te Maari crater and produced ashfall across part of State Highway 46 and NE towards Turangi (21 km NE). Two small pyroclastic density currents were produced at the base of the column, to the W and N of the crater, and traveled a limited distance of a few hundred meters downslope. Later that afternoon gas-and-steam plumes drifted SE. On 22 November a sulfur gas odor was reported in Manawatu (S) and Hawke's Bay (115 km ESE), downwind of Tongariro. A substantial amount of gas was emitted during 22-23 November. The Aviation Colour Code was lowered to Yellow on 23 November due to the absence of emitted ash. On 26 November GeoNet noted that no further volcanic activity had occurred since the eruption, gas flux had decreased, and seismic activity remained low.
GeoNet reported that seismic activity at Tongariro remained low during 14-16 August; weather conditions prevented observations of the craters. There were several reports of gas odors on 15 August, particularly from the Manawatu region (S). On 17 August GeoNet noted that although very minor amounts of ash were emitted in the first few days after the eruption, there had been no significant activity since 6 August. Seismic activity had returned to low levels after the eruption. The Alert Level was lowered to 1 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Colour Code remained at Yellow (second lowest on a four-color scale).
GeoNet reported that favorable weather allowed GNS Science and Department of Conservation scientists to conduct an observation flight over Tongariro on 8 August. They noted actively steaming vents that were visible at a new crater area formed on 6 August below the Upper Te Mari crater, but low clouds prevented any views above this elevation. Blocks of old and hydrothermally altered lava, as large as 1 m in diameter, ejected by the eruption fell 1.5-2 km from the Te Mari craters area. Falling blocks formed impact craters in the ground in an extensive area to the E and W of the new vents. Most blocks were covered by grey ash but many on the W slopes were not, suggesting that they were ejected after the main ash-producing phase of the eruption.
The scientists also noted that previously steaming ground at Ketetahi and Lower Te Mari crater appeared more vigorous, but there were no obvious major changes. A debris flow generated by the eruption partly filled a stream valley draining N-W from the Upper Te Mari crater area. The deposit had blocked some stream tributaries but most water diverted around the edges. Ash had slumped from the banks into the stream valley, and in other stream valleys ash has been re-mobilized in slurry flows. No lahars were generated by the eruption.
New rock falls were visible around the walls of the new vent area and Lower Te Mari craters and in some stream valley walls near the craters. This suggested that significant ground shaking took place during the eruption. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Colour Code was lowered to Yellow (second lowest on a four-color scale).
During 8-9 August seismic activity remained at a low level; only a few small events were recorded. Preliminary analysis of the ash showed that there was little to no new magma erupted. Gas analysis on 9 August revealed emissions around 2,100 tonnes per day of sulfur dioxide, 3,900 tonnes per day of carbon dioxide, and 364 tonnes per day of hydrogen sulfide, confirming the presence of magma below the volcano. During an overflight on 9 August scientists observed minor ash emissions from the vents. Seismicity continued to remain low during 10-14 August. Heavy rains on 12 August caused a lahar to cross State Highway 46, approximately 6 km W of Rangipo.
On 7 August white steam clouds rose from the Te Mari craters area but poor weather conditions at the time obscured a direct view of the active vent(s). A few small earthquakes had been detected. A news article stated that alpine guides observed three active vents that appeared to be new.
On 31 July GeoNet reported that seismicity at Tongariro had declined the previous week but increased again during 28-29 July, and as of 31 July, between 3 and 10 events were being recorded daily. The earthquakes were clustered in a zone between Tongariro and the E side of Lake Rotoaira, at 2-7 km depth. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Colour Code remained at Yellow (on a four-color scale).
A sequence of small volcanic earthquakes beneath Tongariro was detected by a few of the seismometers in the permanent network. Earthquakes with magnitudes less than 2.5 were clustered between Emerald Crater (E of the summit) and the Te Mari craters (2 km E east of Ketetahi hot springs on the N flank) at 2-7 km depth. The sequence started on 13 July, soon declined, and then again increased during 18-20 July. The Alert Level was raised to 1 (on a scale of 0-5) and the Aviation Colour Code was raised to Yellow (on a four-color scale) on 20 July.
In response to the increased seismicity, GeoNet installed four portable seismographs and conducted gas and spring sampling. During 21-22 July seismicity declined; one event was detected on 23 July. Provisional analysis of the gas samples collected during 21-22 July indicated a marked increase in the volcanic gas component of the typical mix of volcanic and hydrothermal gases. Residents reported a gas odor.
Seismic activity from Tongariro continued to remain elevated during 27 July-1 November. Temperature and gas-concentration measurements from the summit remained normal. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at Level 1 (some signs of unrest).
According to GeoNet on 14 June, seismic activity at Ngauruhoe (the youngest cone of the Tongariro complex) remained elevated. The Alert Level remained at 1.
According to GeoNet, the number of small low-frequency earthquakes at Ngauruhoe (the youngest cone of the Tongariro complex) increased in the past 3 weeks. On 6 June, the Alert Level was raised to 1.
"Ngauruhoe volcano went into eruption on 22 January 1974. In the evening it was erupting red-hot blocks to a height of several hundred feet and at times down the outer flanks. Aerial inspections on 23 and 24 January, while the eruption of steam and ash continued with varied but moderate intensity, showed no lava to be visible in the crater within at least 100 m of the rim. During this stage of the eruption, blue flames of burning sulphur were seen at a fumarole about 200 m down the N flank.
"Ash eruption continued, interspersed by occasional violent explosions which reached maximum intensity on 26 and 27 January, when a number of explosive eruptions momentarily enveloped the entire summit in ash and sent large blocks cascading down the sides. A number of hot avalanches were observed. By 28 January the frequency of the eruptions was decreasing.
"The activity is continuing but on a reduced scale. The volcano has been intermittently active on a minor scale over the past year but not very impressively. The present activity is more in the nature of a major eruption."
Information Contacts: J. Healy, New Zealand Geological Survey.
"The aircraft made several passes over the eastern side of Ngauruhoe from 1000 to 1015. There was a vigorous light grey ash column rising to approximately 4,000 m, and drifting WNW. Fine ash was falling from the ash cloud and there was a thin covering of recently deposited ash over the whole of the western side of Tongariro. Red Crater had lost its characteristic color and was a uniform light grey. Banks of cumulus cloud had built up on the NW of the mountain probably due to the presence of ash within the cloud. Elsewhere there was no cloud. Haze existed over the area between Ngauruhoe and Lake Taupo, probably also due to dust particles from the eruption. There appeared to be two vents within Ngauruhoe crater. Ash was being erupted from a northerly vent and white steam from a southerly vent. It was not possible to look into the crater to estimate the depth of the lava column. The volcano was in a Vulcanian phase of eruption with widespread distribution of fine ash. No blocks were observed to be ejected during the duration of the observations."
Information Contacts: J.W. Cole, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Ngauruhoe volcano erupted ash intermittently between 12 and 19 February in the first major activity since March 1974. Bad weather restricted observations, but several explosive ash eruptions occurred. An aerial inspection on the morning of 19 February revealed no obvious change in crater topography, and no new large ejecta on the summit. No ash emission was occurring. At about 1300 on 19 February (NZ Daylight Time) Ngauruhoe suddenly commenced the most voluminous pyroclastic eruption since the 1954 lava flows. A coherent, strongly convoluting eruption column rose to 11,000 m above sea level (8,700 m above the summit), spreading out into an ash cloud reaching 14,600 m above sea level. Continual ash emission was accompanied by a series of visible air shock waves, loud explosions, and large pyroclastic avalanches down the slopes of the 600-m-high cone. Incandescent ejecta was clearly visible in the eruption column. Walking parties within 2 km of the crater were pelted with scoria, and one group was nearly over-run by hot avalanches which passed close to the walking tracks. This eruption was accompanied by vigorous volcanic tremor and lasted until about 1420 on 19 February, when ash emission ceased. Ash was blown 160 km to the NNW to fall on Hamilton City.
A series of violently explosive eruptions followed periods of quiescence later in the afternoon. Explosions were accompanied by large visible air shock waves, closely followed by ejection of very large blocks (many up to 20 m above the crater. Extremely loud and very sharp reports were heard close to the volcano, loud rumblings being heard at least 70 km distant. Very dense eruption slugs expanded violently above the crater to envelop the summit and collapse into large pyroclastic avalanches which flowed rapidly down the cone. Impacting blocks raised large dust clouds down the cone, and set fire to tussock grass on surrounding areas. Smaller blocks (up to 1 m across) were thrown 2 km to the N, forming 2-m-diameter craters near walking tracks on Mt. Tongariro. Sharp volcanic earthquakes accompanied each explosion, which were preceded by periods of low seismic activity. Incandescent ejecta was observed during the night of 19-20 February as activity waned.
Bad weather restricted observations on 20-21 February, but steam explosions and small mud flows were observed. A helicopter landing on the summit was made on 22 February. The summit was covered by large blocks of lava which had been plastic on impact, the largest measuring 27 m long. Part of the western crater wall had collapsed into the vent. The crater was no deeper than after March 1974, due to infilling by collapse of vent walls, and possibly upward movement of a lava plug. No liquid lava was apparent in the vent. Strong gas emission (including SO2) prevented clear observations and measurements within the crater, which appeared to be between 50 and 100 m deep. A further explosive eruption was reported on 23 February.
Information Contacts: B.W. Marshall, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
The NZGS reports that cigar-shaped eruption columns rose to 900 m above the crater on 4 July 1977 at 0800 and 1030.
Information Contacts: New Zealand Geological Survey.
On 10 May, NZGS personnel measured temperatures of the hot gases issuing from the crater bottom. Rockfalls from the overhanging E crater wall and growing talus fans had reduced the degassing area. Temperatures of 320-350°C were measured 1-2 m from the accessible edge of the hot area. These reflected a nearly steady decrease: 620° (1 July 1978), 520° (24 February 1979), 478° (25 June 1981), 418° (21 January 1982), 458° (10 June 1982), [349° (4 May 1983) and 105° (7 February 1985]. Ngauruhoe last erupted 12-23 February 1975, when strong explosive activity sent eruption plumes to 10 km and pyroclastic flows moved down the flanks (Nairn and Self, 1978).
Reference. Nairn, I.A., and Self, S., 1978, Explosive eruptions and pyroclastic avalanches from Ngauruhoe in February 1975: JVGR, v. 3, p. 39-60.
Further Reference. Balsillie, F.H., and Latter, J.H., 1985, Volcano-seismic activity at Ngauruhoe during 1983: New Zealand Volcanological Record, no. 13, p. 66-71.
Information Contacts: W. Giggenbach, DSIR, Wellington.
Fumarole temperatures (93.9 & 94.3°C) and preliminary gas chromatograph data collected on 7 April were unchanged since the previous fieldwork in March 1989. No significant deformation was evident. Seismicity has remained relatively low.
Information Contacts: P. Otway, DSIR Geology & Geophysics, Wairakei.
The following ... is based on fieldwork in late March and early May 1993. "Activity in the crater of Ngauruhoe has declined further over the past year and is at an all time low since records were first kept. Fumarole temperatures have decreased to 90°C after remaining stable at 94°C (boiling point for altitude) since 1986. No volcanic deformation was identified by surveys to points on the crater rim and at the base of the mountain."
Information Contacts: B. Christenson, I. Nairn, P. Otway, and B. Scott, IGNS, Wairakei.
Annual fieldwork was carried out on 30 March and 29 April 1994. Maximum fumarole temperatures had fallen to 78°C by the end of April. ... There was insufficient fumarole discharge for adequate sampling, and temperatures and pressures were at the lowest levels ever recorded. Except for minor landslide debris, no significant changes were noted in the Ngauruhoe crater.
Tilt leveling surveys were carried out at the Tama Lakes (1.7 km SSW) and Mangatepopo (1.8 km NNW) locations on 30 March. Apparent tilt recorded at Tama Lakes during the previous 11 months represented 4 µrad of inflation, but was within the range of random fluctuations recorded since installation in 1978. At Mangatepopo approximately 14 µrad of tilt towards Ngauruhoe (deflation) was recorded over the same period. This is ~2-3x the past noise level resulting from normal survey errors and seasonal movements. The most likely explanation, based on earlier experiences, is that two benchmarks near a walking trail have settled.
Repairs were made to the three highest crater rim stations on 30 March and two new stations were installed; two old stations are scheduled for removal after the 1995 survey. All six rim sites were surveyed for horizontal deformation on 29 April. Measurements were made by EDM and theodolite from 2 km N on Tongariro volcano. Relative movement vectors for the 1992-94 period at three stations were well within the normal noise range. Instabilities noted at the other sites resulted from various surface movements. Overall, there was no indication of recent volcanic deformation.
Geological mapping of the crater, N flank, and SW flank accomplished during these visits is part of the ongoing mapping project of the Tongariro complex.
Extremely low activity levels were found during an annual crater inspection and deformation survey on 11 May in the crater and at the base of Ngauruhoe. Crater fumaroles failed to discharge gases: the first complete absence of activity ever previously reported there. However, the NE rim of the outer crater was steaming vigorously as in the past. Neither horizontal nor vertical deformation were of sufficient magnitude to suggest volcanic significance. The current level of crater activity is probably the lowest in recorded history.
Ngauruhoe is the highest and most recent of more than a dozen composite cones that comprise the large Tongariro volcanic massif N of Ruapehu. Ten years ago, in February 1975, Ngauruhoe produced its last eruption, an event that generated 10-km-high plumes and pyroclastic flows. In 1983 several seismic swarms were recorded.
Information Contacts: P.M. Otway, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (IGNS), Private Bag 2000, Wairakei, New Zealand.
Ngauruhoe is the youngest and highest volcanic cone (figure 1) of the Tongariro volcanic complex on the North Island of New Zealand. According to New Zealand GeoNet Project volcanologists, the number of small (less than magnitude 2), low-frequency earthquakes near Ngauruhoe recorded by seismometers increased from less than five per day at the beginning of May 2006 to more than 20/day by the end of May. Typically, only a few earthquakes of any type are recorded in the vicinity of Ngauruhoe each year. In 1983, 1991, and 1994 there were clusters of similar earthquakes recorded near Ngauruhoe, but there have been very few recorded since then. Due to the increased seismicity, the Scientific Alert Level was raised to Alert Level 1 (some signs of unrest) on 6 June. Earthquakes of this type are commonly interpreted as being related to the movement of magma and/or volcanic gases.
Figure 1. Snow covered Mt. Ngauruhoe as seen on 28 July 2006. Photo credit to University of Auckland Snowsports Club.
Earthquakes peaked in early June at about 50/day and then declined to about 10-20/day by the 14th, with the largest about magnitude 1. Seismic activity has remained elevated through the middle of December 2006. Initial observations suggested that hypocenters were 1-4 km deep, slightly N or E of the summit. By mid-June volcanologists had installed three additional seismographs around the base of Ngauruhoe, including one that could be monitored in real-time. Between 14 June and 3 July the number of volcanic earthquakes recorded near Ngauruhoe has varied between approximately 20 and 40 per day. Using data from the additional seismographs, volcanologists were able to refine the location of the earthquakes to within about 1 km of the surface beneath the N flank; the largest events were approximately magnitude 1. Elevated seismicity continued at up to 30 events/day through October 2006.
As of the last GeoNet report on 1 November, no other signs of unrest had been recorded. Multiple measurements showed that temperatures and volcanic gas concentrations have not changed since the increased seismicity began in May, and were similar to measurements made in 2003. Carbon-dioxide release through the soil (from degassing magma) is also similar to measurements in 2003. The maximum fumarole temperature near the summit is about 85°C. Reports of steaming in the summit area were investigated, but because no new features were seen that could have caused emissions, the sightings were attributed to clouds rather than volcanic activity.
Information Contacts: New Zealand GeoNet Project, a project sponsored by the New Zealand Government through these agencies: Earthquake Commission (E.C.), Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS), and Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FAST) (URL: https://www.geonet.org.nz/); University of Auckland Snowsports Club, University of Auckland, New Zealand (URL: http://www.uasc.co.nz/).
Our most recent report on Tongariro (BGVN31:12) discussed elevated seismicity during May-October 2006. The M < 2 long-period seismic event occurred near Ngauruhoe, the youngest cone of the Tongariro volcanic complex.
Between 1 November 2006 and January 2008, elevated, low-level volcanic earthquakes continued at Ngauruhoe. The number of events per day typically ranged between 5 and 30. Then, on 6 January 2008, the number of events per day began to increase, and by 9-10 January the number had shot up to 80 per day, before decreasing slightly. The larger events ranged between M 1.2 and 1.5.
In response to these changes, volcanologists from GeoNet visited on 17 January 2008 and measured gas concentrations, temperatures, and soil gas flux at the summit area of Ngauruhoe. The resulting data were similar to measurements made in 2006-2007. The maximum fumarole temperature near the summit remained about 86°C. No other signs of unrest were found. The data suggested that the earthquakes were occurring within about 1 km of the surface beneath the N flank.
GeoNet noted that the number of volcanic earthquakes since mid-2008 has declined to background levels. Regular measurements of volcanic gas levels and the temperature of the summit gas vent have showed no changes over the previous two and a half years. Consequently, on 2 December 2008, the Alert Level was lowered from 1 to 0 (typical background activity). No thermal anomalies have been measured by MODIS/MODVOLC satellites (HIGP Hot Spots System) in the at least the past 5 years.
Information Contacts: New Zealand GeoNet Project, a collaboration between the Earthquake Commission and GNS Science, Wairakei Research Centre, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand (URL: http://www.geonet.org.nz/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) Hot Spots System, University of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/).
Elevated seismicity in July 2012 preceded a phreatic eruption at Tongariro on 6 August. The eruption ejected blocks of old lava from the crater area, and triggered a debris flow down a drainage on a flank of the volcano. Six days later, heavy rainfall remobilized some of the debris flow and generated a small flood/lahar that crossed a state highway. This report summarizes GeoNet alert bulletins and Taupo Civil Defense postings concerning the phreatic explosion and associated events (through 17 August 2012).
Precursory seismicity. GeoNet reported elevated numbers of volcanic earthquakes (M < 2.5) beginning on 13 July (figure 2). Seismicity then declined until 18 July, when volcanic earthquakes returned, increasing in magnitude and abundance through 20 July. The earthquakes were clustered between Emerald Lake and the SE shore of Lake Rotoaira at 2-7 km depth; a subset of the earthquakes were tightly clustered between Blue Lake and Te Maari (Te Mari) Craters within the same depth range (figures 2 and 3). As a result, the Volcano Alert Level was raised from 0 to 1 (on a scale from 0-5) and the Avation Colour Code was raised from Green to Yellow (on a four color scale; Green-Yellow-Orange-Red) on 20 July.
Figure 2. Seismicity at Tongariro during 11 July-6 August 2012, leading up to a phreatic eruption at 2350 on 6 August. Shown are the number of seismic events per day (107 in total, top panel), the depth at which each event occurred (and associated error bars, middle panel), and the magnitude of each event (bottom panel). Courtesy of GeoNet.
Figure 3. Mapped epicenters of seismic events recorded at Tongariro during 25 May-23 August 2012. A phreatic eruption occurred late on 6 August (see figure 2). During the precursory activity (late July and early August), seismicity concentrated between Emerald Lake (E) and Lake Rotoaira (R), with a cluster between Blue Lake (B) and Te Maari Craters (T). Courtesy of GeoNet.
By 23 July, GeoNet had deployed four portable seismometers and had sampled springs and fumaroles. They reported that provisional analyses of gas samples indicated a marked increase in volcanic gases above typical mixtures of hydrothermal and volcanic gas signatures (see subsection "Ash and gas analyses" for detail). By 31 July, GeoNet had also installed a GPS instrument to monitor any deformation.
Phreatic eruption. At 2352 on 6 August, a phreatic eruption occurred from a vent located within the Te Maari Craters area. An explosion generated seismic signals that lasted a few minutes, followed by a series of discrete small earthquakes during the next few tens of minutes. Within 35 minutes, GeoNet posted an Alert Bulletin announcing that ashfall had been reported; the Volcano Alert Level was raised to 2 and the Aviation Colour Code was raised to Red. Taupo Civil Defense responded by closing State Highways 1 and 46 (to the E and N of Tongariro, respectively).
Approximately one hour after the eruption, the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) observed in satellite imagery that an ash plume was drifting more than 50 km E from Tongariro (figure 4). They also reported that airports had cancelled flights at Gisborne (210 km ENE), Rotorua (120 km NNE), Taupo (60 km NE), and Palmerston North (135 km S).
Figure 4. A Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) image acquired by the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite at 1252 UTC on 6 August 2012 (0052 NZST on 7 August) showing an ash plume drifting more than 50 km E from Tongariro, after the phreatic explosion ~1 hour earlier. The windward end of the plume remains over the volcano, implying ongoing emissions. In the main image, the North Island of New Zealand is outlined in teal, and Rotorua is labeled to the N of the plume. In both images, the ash plume is labeled in yellow, and Tongariro is labeled in red, just W of the plume. Courtesy of CIMSS.
GeoNet reported that no volcanic tremor occurred before or after the event, and the Aviation Colour Code was reduced to Orange ~12 hours later (about 1200 on 7 August), and reduced again the next day (1500 on 8 August).
GeoNet conducted an observation flight on 8 August and photographed a variety of features discussed and illustrated in more detail below. They included: (1) a new vent area residing in a small crater, and associated steaming fissures, (2) a debris flow, and (3) impact craters.
The new vent(s) are located in the Upper Te Maari Craters area (figure 5a); low clouds prevented scientists from viewing areas higher than the lowest parts of Upper Te Maari Crater. Photographs of the area revealed a nearby steaming eruptive fissure, and more intense steaming in areas of ground that had been steaming prior to the eruption (figure 5b).
Figure 5. Photographs taken after Tongariro's 6 August 2012 phreatic eruption showing the Upper Te Maari vent area. In (A) the view is looking SE towards Upper Te Maari crater, with areas of fumaroles and a new vent on the outer edge of the crater (indicated by the arrow). (B) is looking NW showing vents along a fissure around the S side of Upper Te Maari crater. Upper Te Maari crater is indicated in each photo with the '*' symbol. Both photographs were taken during a morning observation flight on 8 August 2012. Courtesy of GeoNet.
A debris flow generated by the phreatic eruption comprised rock and soil debris that blocked a stream valley draining NW from the Te Maari Craters area (figure 6). GeoNet reported water ponding around the edges, and ash that had been remobilized into slurry flows. GeoNet noted that areas of the debris flow (especially in the upper sections) had eroded into the substrate (figure 6a).
Figure 6. Upper (A) and lower (B) portions of the debris flow generated by the 6 August 2012 phreatic eruption at Tongariro. The debris flow extended down a stream valley draining NW from the Te Maari Craters (steaming areas visible in the top-most portion of (A)). White asterisks in both photos indicate regions where the debris flow eroded into the substrate. White arrows in (B) indicate areas of newly ponded water at the edges of the flow. Courtesy of GeoNet.
The explosion ejected blocks of lava up to 2 km from the Te Maari Craters area, leaving impact craters in vegetation and ground surfaces (figure 7). All blocks were angular, and none were steaming or surrounded by burnt vegetation; GeoNet thus concluded that the blocks comprised old (non-juvenile) lava(s) ejected from the vent area.
Figure 7. Blocks of lava ejected up to 2 km from the Te Maari Craters area during the phreatic explosion on 6 August 2012 left impact craters in vegetation and ground surfaces (circled). Courtesy of GeoNet.
Ash and gas analyses. Textural analyses indicated that the ash emitted during the 6 August explosion contained little-to-no fresh (juvenile) lava, suggesting that the eruption was primarily steam driven (phreatic). GeoNet also reported that analysis of the fluorine content of the ash indicated that, except in the immediate vicinity of the volcano, there were little health or agricultural concerns.
For 9 August, GeoNet reported emissions of 2,100 tons/day of SO2, 3,900 tons/day of CO2, and 364 tons/day of H2S from vents. Sulfur (H2S) smells were reported in downwind locations during 11-12 August, and further reports were filed from the Manawatu region on 15 August. GeoNet attributed the sulfur odors to "passive degassing of magma beneath the surface of Tongariro."
Heavy rains spawn minor lahar. In concert with the 11 August release of a new, updated hazard map of Tongariro (figure 8), GeoNet warned motorists not to stop their vehicles along Highway 46 (N of Tongariro) due to hazards in that area. Following heavy rains the next morning, a minor flood/lahar crossed State Highway 46 near the S tip of Lake Rotoaira (at a location ~6 km W of Rangipo). According to the New Zealand Herald, a driver described 13-cm-deep mud crossing the road at 0830 that day. Scientists at GNS Science stressed that the lahar was not a direct result of an eruptive process, and a resident reported that the area was commonly washed out during heavy rains.
Figure 8. The updated hazard map released by GeoNet on 11 August 2012, which includes the 6 August vents seen in Tongariro's Te Maari Craters area (dashed black circle). As seen in the legend, the map indicates the locations prone to pyroclastic flows and mudflows (shaded yellow) and an area within a 3 km radius of the summit that is prone to gas hazards and flying rocks (shaded orange). Where the two zones overlap, the map is shaded red. Red dots indicate eruptive vents active in the last 27,000 years. Orange triangular "hut" icons indicate nearby mountain refuges. The larger poster conveys extensive hazard information. Note disclaimer (upper left) and wide range of agency collaboration (lower right) in map production. The highest peak of the complex is at Ngauruhoe (near the SW corner of the map). As stated in the comment in the SW corner of the map, "Tongariro and Ngauruhoe are parts of one active volcanic system." Courtesy of GeoNet.
Ten days after the phreatic explosion, GeoNet reduced the Volcano Alert Level to 1, stating that minor eruptive activity, required for Volcanic Alert Level 2, had ceased. The Aviation Colour Code remained at Yellow as of 24 August 2012.
Information Contacts: GeoNet, a collaboration between theEarthquake Commission and GNS Science (URL: http://www.geonet.org.nz/); GNS Science, Wairakei Research Center, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand (URL: http://www.gns.cri.nz/); Earthquake Commission (EQC), PO Box 790, Wellington, New Zealand (URL: http://www.eqc.govt.nz/); The Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studes (CIMSS), a collaboration between theUniversity of Wisonsin-Madison, theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration, Space Science and Engineering Center, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706 (URL: http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/); University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison) (URL: http://www.wisc.edu/); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (URL: http://www.noaa.gov/about-noaa.html); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (URL: http://www.nasa.gov/); New Zealand Herald (URL: http://www.nzherald.co.nz/).
Tongariro is a large andesitic volcanic massif, located immediately NE of Ruapehu volcano, that is composed of more than a dozen composite cones constructed over a period of 275,000 years. Vents along a NE-trending zone extending from Saddle Cone (below Ruapehu volcano) to Te Mari crater (including vents at the present-day location of Ngauruhoe) were active during several hundred years around 10,000 years ago, producing the largest known eruptions at the Tongariro complex during the Holocene. North Crater stratovolcano, one of the largest features of the massif, is truncated by a broad, shallow crater filled by a solidified lava lake that is cut on the NW side by a small explosion crater. The youngest cone of the complex, Ngauruhoe, has grown to become the highest peak of the massif since its birth about 2500 years ago. The symmetrical, steep-sided Ngauruhoe, along with its neighbor Ruapehu to the south, have been New Zealand's most active volcanoes during historical time.
This volcano is located within the Tongariro National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage property.
Cole J W, Graham I J, Hackett W R, Houghton B F, 1986. Volcanology and petrology of the Quaternary composite volcanoes of the Tongariro volcanic centre, Taupo volcanic zone. Roy Soc New Zeal Bull, 23: 224-250.
Cole J W, Hochstein M P, Skinner D N B, Briggs R M, 1986. Tectonic setting of North Island Cenozoic volcanism (Tour Guide C1). New Zeal Geol Surv Rec, 11: 5-60.
Hackett W R, Houghton B F, 1986. Active composite volcanoes of Taupo volcanic zone (Tour Guide C4). New Zeal Geol Surv Rec, 11: 61-114.
Hobden B J, Houghton B F, Lanphere M A, Nairn I A, 1996. Growth of the Tongariro volcanic complex: new evidence from K-Ar age determinations. New Zeal J Geol Geophys, 39: 151-154.
Hobden B J, Houghton B F, Nairn I A, 2002. Growth of a young, frequently active composite cone: Ngauruhoe volcano, New Zealand. Bull Volcanol, 64: 392-409.
Lecointre J A, Neall V E, Cleland Wallace R, Prebble W M, 2002. The 55- to 60-ka Te Whaiau Formation: a catastrophic, avalanche-induced, cohesive debris-flow deposit from Proto-Tongariro volcano, New Zealand. Bull Volcanol, 63: 509-525.
Lube G, Cronin S J, Platz T, Freundt A, Proctor J N, Henderson C, Sheridan M F, 2007. Flow and deposition of pyroclastic granular flows: a type example from the 1975 Ngauruhoe eruption, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 161: 165-186.
Nairn I A, Kobayashi T, Nakagawa M, 1998. The ~10 ka multiple vent pyroclastic eruption sequence at Tongariro volcanic centre: Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand: Part 1. Eruptive processes during regional extension. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 86: 19-44.
Shane P, Doyle L R, Nairn I A, 2008. Hetergeneous andesite-dacite ejecta in 26-16.6 ka pyroclastic deposits of Tongariro volcano, New Zealand: the product of multiple magma-mixing events. Bull Volcanol, 70: 517-536.
Topping W W, 1973. Tephrostratigraphy and chronology of late Quaternary eruptives from the Tongariro volcanic centre, New Zealand. New Zeal J Geol Geophys, 16: 397-423.
There is data available for 79 Holocene eruptive periods.
There is no Deformation History data available for Tongariro.
This telephoto view looking SW across Lake Taupo, the southernmost major caldera of the Taupo volcanic zone, shows several major peaks anchoring the southern end of the Taupo volcanic zone. The broad forested peak below the center horizon is the Pleistocene Pihanga volcano. The steep-sided cone on the horizon to its right is Nguaruhoe, the youngest volcano of the Tongarior complex. The broad massif to its right is Tongariro. The snow-capped massif on the left-center horizon is Ruapehu.
Photo by Tom Simkin, 1986 (Smithsonian Institution).
Pyroclastic flows sweep down the flanks of Ngauruhoe volcano on February 19, 1975, as a powerful, ash-laden eruption column rises above the summit crater. This eruption was one of the largest of Ngauruhoe in historical time. The eruption column rose 12 km above the vent, ash fell 160 km away on Hamilton City, and pyroclastic flows reached the base of the cone. Explosive activity had begun on the 12th and continued until the 23rd.
Photo by Graham Hancocks, 1975 (New Zealand Geological Survey).
A vulcanian explosion from Ngauruhoe volcano in New Zealand on February 19, 1975, ejects a dark, ash-laden cloud. Large, meter-scale ejected blocks trailing streamers of ash can be seen in the eruption column. Blocks up to 20 m across were projected hundreds of meters above the vent.
Photo by Ian Nairn, 1975 (New Zealand Geological Survey).
An aerial view from the south in the late 1970s shows a close-up of an explosion crater that cuts a flat-lying former lava lake on the summit of the North Crater cone of the Tongariro volcanic complex. The explosion pit which makes up the bulk of the slide is 400 m diameter.
Photo by Ian Nairn, late 1970s (New Zealand Geological Survey).
Two large andesitic volcanic massifs anchor the southern end of the Taupo volcanic zone. Tongariro, in the foreground, is a cluster of about a dozen composite cones dominated by the symmetrical Ngauruhoe stratovolcano. Ruapehu, in the background to the south, contains a frequently active crater lake. The two volcanoes have been the most active in New Zealand during historical time.
Photo by New Zealand Geological Survey, 1981.
The SE wall of Red Crater is cut by a vertical volcanic dike that fed eruptions along a NE-SW-trending fissure. Magma at the outer part of the dike cooled against the red scoria walls of Red Crater, while magma at the center of the dike partially drained away, leaving this cavity. Ngauruhoe stratovolcano towers in the background; it and Red Crater are two of the more than a dozen composite cones forming the Tongariro volcanic complex.
The black lava flows extending from the summit of Ngauruhoe volcano to its flanks were erupted in 1954. An eruption that began with explosive activity on May 13, 1954, was followed on June 4 by the emission of lava flows that traveled down the NW flank until September 26. Explosive activity, which constructed a cinder cone in the summit crater, continued until March 1955, and incandescent lava was present in the crater until June.
An ash plume on March 29, 1974, is deflected by the wind from the summit of Ngauruhoe volcano one day after powerful explosions that were accompanied by pyroclastic flows. Intermittent explosive eruptions had been occurring since November 22, 1972, and continued until August 19, 1974. Eruptions in January and March 1974 were the largest in two decades from Ngauruhoe.
Photo by Jim Cole, 1974 (University of Canterbury).
A roadcut along the desert road between Waiouru and Turangi exposes some of the tephra layers erupted from the Tongariro volcanic complex during its early stage of development. Conical Ngauruhoe volcano, which formed during the past 2500 years, rises in the background.
Lower Tama Lake, on the NE flank of Ruapehu volcano (upper left), was formed late in a series of eruptions that began about 10,000 years ago from vents ranging from the summit craters of Ruapehu to Te Mari craters of the Tongariro volcanic center. The Tama Lake eruptions included the emplacement of two lava flows from upper Tama Lake with a combined volume of 0.2 cu km and a smaller lava flow from lower Tama Lake.
An ash-rich eruption column ascends above Ngauruhoe volcano on January 26, 1974 in this view from the west. Small pyroclastic flows descend the upper flanks of the cone. Eruptions January 26-28 and March 27-29, 1974, were the most powerful at Ngauruhoe in two decades. Explosive activity had been occurring since November 1972, and lasted until August 1974. The dark streaks descending to the base of the cone at the left are lava flows from the 1954 eruption.
Photo by D.L. Homer, 1974 (New Zealand Geological Survey).
Snow-capped Ngauruhoe is a small 2291-m-high stratovolcano that was constructed during the past 2500 years. The symmetrical volcano, seen here from the NE, rises 800 m above its surroundings and is the highest peak of the Tongariro volcanic center. Tongariro is a large andesitic volcanic massif, located immediately NE of Ruapehu volcano, that is comprised of more than a dozen composite cones. Frequent explosive eruptions have been recorded from Ngauruhoe since its first historical activity in 1839.
Snow-capped Ngauruhoe volcano rises above the Mangatepopo track on the NW side of the volcano. The dark lobe in the right foreground is a deposit produced by lithic-rich pyroclastic flows during the 1975 eruption. Meter-scale ballastic clasts from powerful vulcanian explosions during the 1975 eruption were ejected to distances of 2.8 km, beyond the location of this photo.
Large Eruptions of Tongariro Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).


Monroe Middle School is a public school located in OMAHA, NE. It has 823 students in grades 6-8 with a student-teacher ratio of 13 to 1. According to state test scores, 24% of students are at least proficient in math and 52% in reading.
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I'm not sure what it is,or how much study has gone in to the fact that colors make a person happy. There is something about seeing a rainbow that makes a person smile, and the way things are today, it's harder then ever to keep a smile.
April 3rd is National "Find a Rainbow Day", but considering Easter weekend, and so much beyond that, our site has decided to make everyday, a "Find a Rainbow Day". It is too important a quest to leave it to a single day. So often in our lives we forget to look up, look around or even make our own rainbows.
blue jeans, socks or shoes.
Make your snack something colourful!
Dried cherries, raisins, banana chips, oranges or apricot pieces with nuts!
You can find a rainbow everywhere!
Share the rainbow, send us your fun ideas and ways you make a rainbow everyday!
We would love to share them with others!
Read more about "Find a Rainbow Day" here.


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BREAKING: Cubs Trade Yu Darvish to the San Diego Padres
The Cubs traded Yu Darvish and Victor Caratini to the Padres for Zach Davies and four prospects.
Dec 28, 2020 10:03 PM EST
Photo: Jonathan Daniel/Getty Images
According to Sahadev Sharma of The Athletic, the Chicago Cubs have officially traded starting pitcher Yu Darvish and catcher Victor Caratini to San Diego in exchange for pitcher Zach Davies and prospects Reginald Preciado, Owen Caissie, Yeison Santana, and Ismael Mena. Trade talks initially ramped up on Monday afternoon and a deal came to fruition before day's end.
Darvish was excellent for the Cubs during the 2020 season, compiling an 8-3 record to go along with a 2.01 ERA, 0.96 WHIP, and 76.0 innings pitched. Darvish was also sensational in terms of containing base runners, striking out 93 batters while only walking 14 batters.
The Cubs will only receive one major league player in the deal. Zach Davies pitched fairly well for the Padres last season, going 7-4 with a 2.73 ERA, 1.07 WHIP, 63 strikeouts, and only 19 walks in 69.1 innings. Cubs fans should be familiar with Davies as he spent most of his big league career with the rival Milwaukee Brewers.
The Cubs also land SS Reginald Preciado, OF Owen Caissie, OF Ismael Mena, and SS Yeison Santana in the deal. They are the 11th, 13th, 15th, and 16th ranked prospects in the San Diego farm system, respectively.
Just because they're not top-ten prospects in San Diego does not mean these players are not good. San Diego has a very deep farm system. That said, a reigning Cy Young runner-up not earning the Cubs at least one top-ten prospect is troublesome, especially after Blake Snell landed the Rays two top-ten prospects.
Despite Darvish's incredible season, the decision to trade him shouldn't come as too much of a surprise to Cubs fans. The big right-hander is 34 years old and still on a fairly attractive salary for what he can do. With that in mind, selling high on the 2020 NL Cy Young runner-up makes sense for a team looking to retool for the future. It's debatable if the return was truly a haul or not, but the concept of the move made sense.
The Cubs will have a load of payroll flexibility after the 2021 season. With the farm system on the way to the major leagues, the roster in need of a face-lift, and a new vision at the helm with Jed Hoyer instead of Theo Epstein, the Cubs can still be competitive in 2021 and beyond. This trade gives them assets for the future that will be younger and more cost-controlled. The swap also relieves the Cubs of the $59 million owed to Darvish over the next three years.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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