text:
Q: Module not found: Error: Can't resolve './router' in 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1\src' I am new to Vue js. I have installed a basic vue template and added a web pack for bundling. But when I use "webpack --config webpack.config.js" to build the app I am getting the following error.
**ERROR in ./src/main.ts
Module not found: Error: Can't resolve './router' in 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1\src'
@ ./src/main.ts 2:0-30 7:12-18
ERROR in ./src/main.ts
Module not found: Error: Can't resolve './store' in 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1\src'
@ ./src/main.ts 3:0-28 8:11-16
ERROR in Error: Child compilation failed:
Entry module not found: Error: Can't resolve 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1\static\index.html' in 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1':
Error: Can't resolve 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1\static\index.html' in 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1'
compiler.js:79 childCompiler.runAsChild
[testapp1]/[html-webpack-plugin]/lib/compiler.js:79:16
Compiler.js:343 compile
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compiler.js:343:11
Compiler.js:681 hooks.afterCompile.callAsync.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compiler.js:681:15
Hook.js:154 AsyncSeriesHook.lazyCompileHook
[testapp1]/[tapable]/lib/Hook.js:154:20
Compiler.js:678 compilation.seal.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compiler.js:678:31
Hook.js:154 AsyncSeriesHook.lazyCompileHook
[testapp1]/[tapable]/lib/Hook.js:154:20
Compilation.js:1423 hooks.optimizeAssets.callAsync.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1423:35
Hook.js:154 AsyncSeriesHook.lazyCompileHook
[testapp1]/[tapable]/lib/Hook.js:154:20
Compilation.js:1414 hooks.optimizeChunkAssets.callAsync.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1414:32
index.js:321 taskRunner.run
[testapp1]/[terser-webpack-plugin]/dist/index.js:321:9
TaskRunner.js:48 TaskRunner.run
[testapp1]/[terser-webpack-plugin]/dist/TaskRunner.js:48:7
index.js:227 TerserPlugin.optimizeFn
[testapp1]/[terser-webpack-plugin]/dist/index.js:227:18
Hook.js:154 AsyncSeriesHook.lazyCompileHook
[testapp1]/[tapable]/lib/Hook.js:154:20
Compilation.js:1409 hooks.additionalAssets.callAsync.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1409:36
Hook.js:154 AsyncSeriesHook.lazyCompileHook
[testapp1]/[tapable]/lib/Hook.js:154:20
Compilation.js:1405 hooks.optimizeTree.callAsync.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1405:32
Hook.js:154 AsyncSeriesHook.lazyCompileHook
[testapp1]/[tapable]/lib/Hook.js:154:20
Compilation.js:1342 Compilation.seal
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1342:27
Compiler.js:675 compilation.finish.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compiler.js:675:18
Compilation.js:1261 hooks.finishModules.callAsync.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1261:4
Hook.js:154 AsyncSeriesHook.lazyCompileHook
[testapp1]/[tapable]/lib/Hook.js:154:20
Compilation.js:1253 Compilation.finish
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1253:28
Compiler.js:672 hooks.make.callAsync.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compiler.js:672:17
Compilation.js:1185 _addModuleChain
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1185:12
Compilation.js:1044 errorAndCallback.bail.err
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1044:6
Compilation.js:1075 moduleFactory.create
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/Compilation.js:1075:14
NormalModuleFactory.js:401 factory
[testapp1]/[webpack]/lib/NormalModuleFactory.js:401:22
Child html-webpack-plugin for "index.html":
ERROR in Entry module not found: Error: Can't resolve 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1\static\index.html' in 'C:\HK\Vue-learning\testapp1'
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 2
npm ERR! testapp1@0.1.0 build:prod: webpack --config webpack.config.js
npm ERR! Exit status 2
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the testapp1@0.1.0 build:prod script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.
npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR! C:\Users\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache_logs\2020-02-17T04_54_32_639Z-debug.log**
 webpack.config.js
------------------------
const { VueLoaderPlugin } = require('vue-loader');
const path = require('path');

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

const env = process.env.NODE_ENV;

const config = {
entry: path.join(__dirname, 'src', 'main.ts'),
mode: env,
output: {
publicPath: '/build',
},
optimization: {
splitChunks: {
  // Must be specified for HtmlWebpackPlugin to work correctly.
  // See: https://github.com/jantimon/html-webpack-plugin/issues/882
  chunks: 'all',
},
},
module: {
rules: [
  {
    test: /\.vue$/,
    loader: 'vue-loader',
  },
  {
    test: /\.js$/,
    exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
    loader: "babel-loader",
    exclude: /node_modules/,
},
{
    test: /\.ts$/,
    loader: "ts-loader",
    options: {
        appendTsSuffixTo: [/\.vue$/],
        transpileOnly: true
    }
},
{
    test: /\.css$/,
    loader: "css-loader"
}
],
},
plugins: [
new VueLoaderPlugin(),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
  filename: path.join(__dirname, 'dist', 'index.html'),
  template: path.join(__dirname, 'static', 'index.html'),
  inject: true,
}),
],
 };

module.exports = config;'

package.json
package.json

{
"name": "testapp1",
"version": "0.1.0",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"serve": "vue-cli-service serve",
"build": "vue-cli-service build",
"build:prod": "webpack --config webpack.config.js",
"lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
},
"dependencies": {
"vue": "^2.6.11",
"vue-class-component": "^7.2.2",
"vue-property-decorator": "^8.3.0",
"vue-router": "^3.1.5",
"vuex": "^3.1.2"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^2.18.0",
"@typescript-eslint/parser": "^2.18.0",
"@vue/cli-plugin-eslint": "~4.2.0",
"@vue/cli-plugin-router": "~4.2.0",
"@vue/cli-plugin-typescript": "~4.2.0",
"@vue/cli-plugin-vuex": "~4.2.0",
"@vue/cli-service": "~4.2.0",
"@vue/eslint-config-standard": "^5.1.0",
"@vue/eslint-config-typescript": "^5.0.1",
"eslint": "^6.7.2",
"eslint-plugin-import": "^2.20.1",
"eslint-plugin-node": "^11.0.0",
"eslint-plugin-promise": "^4.2.1",
"eslint-plugin-standard": "^4.0.0",
"eslint-plugin-vue": "^6.1.2",
"typescript": "~3.7.5",
"vue-template-compiler": "^2.6.11",
"vue-webpack": "^1.10.2",
"webpack-cli": "^3.3.11"
},
"eslintConfig": {
"root": true,
"env": {
"node": true
},
"extends": [
"plugin:vue/essential",
"@vue/standard",
"@vue/typescript/recommended"
],
"parserOptions": {
"ecmaVersion": 2020
},
"rules": {}
},
"browserslist": [
"> 1%",
"last 2 versions"
]
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As media buyers, our job is to optimize a client's marketing budget when purchasing media to ensure the dollars are being placed effectively and efficiently. That responsibility comes into full view when working on television campaigns, where rates can change regularly depending on inventory. Television can be purchased by the week, month, quarter or on an annual basis. Knowing which option is best, however, depends on the goals, strategy and budget tolerance for the brand(s) in question.
1. Annual buying offers better rates than placing monthly or quarterly, as the media outlets are willing to negotiate more when they see the big picture.
2. Placing the entire year upfront gives you the advantage of the best possible rates due to the volume that is being placed.
3. With adequate notice, annual buys can always be revised and adjusted to improve the media schedule, and address competitive activity and market shifts. So don't think once it's bought, we can't adjust on the fly.
Having a calculated plan and a precise understanding of the client's goals and objectives are crucial. Here at Morgan & Co., we have a comprehensive knowledge of the marketplace, competitive set and viewing habits. Our flexibility and professional insight allow us to accommodate changes and give our clients the best possible outcome for their media buy. If an annual buy seems like the right fit for your business, contact our team to learn more.


text:
Dozens of strangers were snowed in at a U.K. pub. Cue the Oasis singalongs
By Nell Clark
Published November 29, 2021 at 12:44 PM EST
The Tan Hill Inn, in northern England, on Saturday. Dozens of people, mostly strangers, were stranded here for the weekend by snow and dangerous conditions.
They came for an Oasis tribute band and stayed for a massive snowstorm.
The Tan Hill Inn in Northern England offers camping, glamping, weddings and now: Snow days.
Dozens of people, mostly strangers, spent the weekend snowed in together at the remote pub after heavy snowfall blocked the exits.
The Tan Hill Inn, which calls itself the U.K.'s highest pub, was hosting the band Noasis when snowfall made leaving the area dangerous for staff, musicians and pub-goers.
So they stayed — and stayed and stayed — all weekend, waiting for the danger to pass.
Stranded residents slept on the floor and on mattresses provided by the pub, and passed the time by playing quiz games, watching movies and eating Yorkshire puddings.
Plus, they made use of their common interest by singing lots of Oasis karaoke.
Nicola Townsend, the inn's general manager, reported to a television network that the group started with 61 people snowed in on Friday and had trickled down to about 50 by Monday.
A group of off-roaders helped the parents of young children get home, and a local mountain rescue group evacuated a man who needed medical treatment, according to the New York Times.
Once the snowfall stopped, residents couldn't head home just yet, as downed power lines blocked the roads out.
The band was trapped at the pub as well, causing them to miss their next gig in Essex. "We're very sorry to announce that we are stranded in Yorkshire, snowed in at the venue after last night's gig at The Tan Hill Inn," the band wrote on Facebook.
Storm Arwen over the weekend brought severe weather including heavy snowfall and dangerous-force winds to parts of Scotland and northern England. The storm has been attributed to three deaths, as well as transportation and power disruptions across the U.K.
All stranded pub-goers were able to leave Monday once the roads were declared safe by local authorities.
"We will ALWAYS remember this group of amazing people who came together, and hopefully, in challenging circumstances, enjoyed what we all think was a life-changing experience," the pub wrote on Facebook.
Nell Clark

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Like a Summer Breeze
Tania Bowra, Susan Gai Dowling and Leonie Cohen are gonna ring in the festive season with a night of beautiful music. Great jazz tunes, 'Joni gems' and special originals.. songs to remind you how good life is!
"Sidestepping the mannerisms, childish desire to impress and look-at-me obsessions that beset most singers, Susan Gai Dowling dances into the arms of truth." In Summer (Susan Gai Dowling) review, John Shane
"a blessedly distinctive and gorgeous voice… she never loses sight of the song or its melody. For at heart, [she] is searching for the perfect song. " Place in the Sun (Tania Bowra) review, The Brag
"Cohen's piano is glorious. Not only is her playing extremely tasteful & sure, her sound is beautiful" Jerusalem (Leonie Cohen) review, Jazz Australia
Susan Gai Dowling
Susan Gai. You might know her from her jazz radio shows : monday nights on Fine Music FM or fridays on Eastside
Or from a thousand gigs all around town with Evan, Carl Dewhurst, Greg Lloyd, Bermie McGann, or dozens of others.
Or you might just recognise what she does - jazz standards sung the proper way, with attention to the song, the story, and the feeling. She'll be doing that with the great Evan Lohning (pianist, arranger, and composer) on piano.
The night will be opened by Tania Bowra who owes much to music, it has been a constant and carrying force in her life since she was a young kid. She's enjoyed not just the love and labour of creating and performing music for 40 years, but the pleasure and privilege of facilitating many others along the way. In the years since her still remembered 1989 ARIA nominated Heaven And Earth, Tania has grown into a multi-faceted musician, music producer, director and teacher. Her songs have drawn parrallels to those of David Gray, Neil Young and Fiona Apple - and certainly, the classic singer-songwriters of the early seventies have been the most recognisable influence in her recordings. Tania has always revelled in singing the beautiful songs of others – perhaps to no greater disinction than in Joni – a Tribute to the Legendary Joni Mitchell where she appeared alongside a handful of artists including Wendy Matthews and Katie Noonan to a full Sydney Opera House Concert Hall. Now writing and playing in new band Girls On The Avenue - with Melanie Forbes' (sistermadly, Jenny Morris) and Julia Day (Geoff Achison, Jeff Duff Orchestra) - Tania can still rarely say no to a chance to play the songs of Joni Mitchell.. especially not when invited by (local jazz legend and dear friend) Susan Gai-Dowling.
Yellow Daze Trio (Susan Gai, Carl Dewhurst, Bernie McGann)
this is what i wrote last year, and i can't think of anything better...
Susan Gai changed the way i understand jazz singing. She's a pillar of the Sydney jazz scene, and her generosity of spirit glows through every song she selects.
Susan will sing with Carl Dewhurst on guitar - an incredibly versatile player of jazz, funk, glitch, grindcore, theatre and anything improvised. Another great supporter of the jazz community, Carl has played everywhere and with everybody.
And Bernie McGann on saxophone. A legend of Australian jazz, one of our most awarded, most recognised, most original musicians. He'll be bringing home fifty years pushing the boundaries of the alto sax.
Three icons of Sydney jazz, distilling decades of experience into their totally distinctive jazz standards and original songs.
Have a look at a video and some photos from their last show here.
And if you still aren't sure... here's an invitation from Susan Gai herself!
Evan Lohning piano trio
Born in Melbourne sometime last century, Evan started his musical journey on drums, then played both trumpet and piano before finally specialising on piano. Best known for his arranging skills, he has written charts for some of the biggest names in Australian jazz - Don Burrows, James Morrison, John Morrison, Dale Barlow, Ian Cooper, Emma Pask, Marlene Richards, Monica Trapaga, Susan Gai Dowling. He is composer and arranger for the modern jazz big band "Evan Lohning Jazz Orchestra", an ongoing project, influenced by the writing of Duke Ellington, Thad Jones and Gil Evans, and featuring some of Sydney's best jazz performers.
For this evening's concert, Evan is accompanied by Australian jazz legend John Pochee on drums, and young lion Noel Mason on the bass. The great Susan Gai Dowling will join Evan in a duo bracket of rare gems and seldom-heard classics.
here's an ABC recording of the big band sound, with a photo of a surfer: youtube.com/watch?v=O_OXLAFnyPk
and his mySpace page, with some great recordings: myspace.com/evanlohningjazzorchestra/music
Paul Cutlan & Alister Spence with Susan Gai Dowling
The musical lives of pianist Alister Spence and reedsman Paul Cutlan regularly cross in groups like the Australian Art Orchestra and Steve Morley's Squall. They have recorded together as a duo for the ABC and performed in Canberra and Sydney. Tonight they will combine their love of tradition with natural curiosity and playfulness as they explore a widely varying repertoire of originals and standards.
In the second set they welcome the wonderful vocalist Susan Gai Dowling for renditions of rare and beautiful songs.


At the moment the Financial Services Agency (FSA) of Japan is estimating the industry's interest in ETFs (exchange-traded funds) tracking cryptocurrencies.
Liberal Democratic Party, Japan's main ruling party, is planning to submit a draft law by March 2019, that, among other things, can potentially include changes to existing financial rules regarding cryptocurrency. The above-mentioned bill is created in order to increase the level of self-regulatory administration of crypto-industry and classify a lot of ICO tokens as securities, the bill may come into force by 2020.
The FSA has abandoned its plans to include permission for trading crypto derivatives on financial exchanges due to its concerns that this only encourage speculation.
Recent increase of interest in and analysis of Japan crypto space is also tied to a hack of the Coincheck exchange in January, which resulted in around $533 million in cryptocurrencies equivalent being stolen.
Many market observers are considering crypto ETFs as a means to bring institutional capital into crypto segment, nevertheless, not all agree with this idea. ETFs remain very important for many in the crypto industry who believe that exchange-traded funds might grant crypto products more authority in the eyes of investors, when making them more available to those who previously had a brokerage account.
In the U.S., certain number of individuals are preparing to initiate such crypto products, although the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) has not yet allowed any of it. In August 2018, SEC has dropped 9 bitcoin ETF applications in order to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices.
Stay with Offshorelicense in order to be updated with the latest crypto news.


text:
Medieval Cathedrals
Medieval England >
Cathedrals were seen as a crucial part of Medieval England, providing a constant reminder to towns, cities and surrounding villages of their dedication to God.
The heavily significance placed on religion during the medieval period meant these holy buildings were considered incredibly important, and so they were treated with the utmost respect from design to construction.
The Roman Catholic Church would put by a great deal of money to create each cathedral, which would be designed and built by only the finest master masons. Each of these masons and their respective apprentices and labourers would also be incredibly grateful to work on the cathedral, as it was believed it would aid their chances of avoiding Hell. The church also assured workers that they would go straight to Heaven should they die on site before the project was complete.
York Cathedral - Author: Dudva
The construction and design of medieval cathedrals was largely dictated by the knowledge and engineering capabilities of the time - while Norman cathedrals were smaller due to their unstable construction techniques, later cathedrals were able to take greater height and weight.
Of course, the greater the cathedrals were, the longer they took to construct. Some of these projects lasted for generations, with sons or apprentices taking over from the master masons as they passed away. Salisbury Cathedral, for which work began in 1220, is thought to be one of the fastest built, and was completed within 50 years.
Although many medieval cathedrals have been renovated and rebuilt over the centuries, there are still many still standing across England. These include:
Durham Cathedral: Dating back to 1093
Canterbury Cathedral: Founded in 597 but built as we know it today in 1070
Christ Church Cathedral: Built between 1160 and 1200
Winchester Cathedral: Demolished in 1066 and rebuilt in 1093
Salisbury Cathedral: Constructed from 1220
York Minster: Dating back to 1080
Hereford Cathedral: Destroyed in 1055 but rebuilt from 1066
Lincoln Cathedral: Dating back to 1072
Building a Medieval Cathedral
Cantebury Cathedral
"Medieval Cathedrals". HistoryLearning.com. 2015. Web.
Medieval Church Architecture
Medieval Masons
Medieval Monasteries


text:
BIO: Stephen L. D'Andrilli
Stephen L. D'Andrilli
President | Co-Founder
Stephen is President and CMO of Arbalest Group. Before that, Stephen founded and served as President and CEO of two security consulting and criminological research firms. Stephen was also a business partner in a New York City licensed indoor gun range. Stephen is a decorated veteran police officer of the New York City Police Department.
While employed with the N.Y.P.D., Stephen earned three University degrees from John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Stephen earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Police Science, a Master of Arts degree in Criminal Justice Administration and a Master in Public Administration degree. Later, Stephen served as an Adjunct Professor/Lecturer of Police Science at John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Stephen then served as a high school Social Studies Teacher for the New York City Department of Education and served as Dean and Athletic Coach for the Department. He is an expert in personal and corporate security.
Stephen is a National Rifle Association Certified Firearms Instructor (pistol, rifle and shotgun) and Training Counselor, and is an active member of the International Association of Law Enforcement Firearms Instructors. Stephen has testified on firearms, crime, and self-defense before governmental committees and at governmental hearings, on many occasions. He has written many articles on these subjects and has appeared on television and radio. Major national and international newspapers, magazines and professional journals have profiled Stephen.
Stephen is passionate about the Constitution and passionate about the "Bill of Rights," the cornerstone of the Republic. Stephen is aware the "Bill of Rights" is under attack. Stephen understands that Americans must defend the "Bill of Rights" if they are to protect and preserve their heritage.
Stephen D'Andrilli will be using the pen name "Publius."


text:
Multi-Million Car Collection Donated to Cal State Fullerton
The College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at Cal State Fullerton got a name change to Nicholas and Lee Begovich Center for Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy after a very generous donation from the center's namesakes. Nicholas Begovich and his wife Lee donated 14 classic cars from their own collection to the university. It is one of the largest donations in the school's history.
The Begovich Collection
The 14 classics include such stunning beauties as:
1952 Jaguar XK120
1956 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing
1962 Chevrolet Corvair Monza Spyder
1973 De Tomaso Pantera
1975 Ferrari Dino 208 GT4
Begovich's donation is testamentary, and the single largest cash amount ever given to Cal State Fullerton. It is also the largest gift ever given to the Center for Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy. When he passed away on May 3, 2020, at the age of 98, it set the gift in motion with far-reaching benefits. In early March 2021, the college sold the collection for the benefit of Rhode Island's Audrain Automobile Museum. The collection remained intact, honoring the generous donor's wishes that the collection is kept together.
A Far-Reaching Gift
Approximately $7 million of the gift supports the center's student and faculty gravitational-wave research which is globally recognized. It will fund several key needs, including an upgrade of the computational resources and funding a state-of-the-art laboratory that supports faculty and students as they pursue vital research and discoveries in gravitational waves.
The $3 million that remains will go to support interdisciplinary research at the College of Engineering and Computer Science in the area of sustainable energy and power. This was an area that Begovich, an engineer himself, was fascinated with and pursued a continued interest in the areas of engineering and computer science through his support of the school. And now he lives on in these closely held passions as students pursue education and research, paving the way for a greater tomorrow.
Woodside Credit makes it easy to add to your collection with our easy terms and great rates. Contact us today and let one of our industry experts help you discover the best way to get the car you want the way you want it.


Please visit heathenaltar.blogspot.com to find articles about atmospheric, black and folk music. If you, on the other hand, share an interest only in religion, culture and history of the pagan Europe – this place is dedicated to You. I should post new material very soon, so please be patient.


OPNAV Notice 5070 dated 20 November 1970. Hardcopy located in the "Navy Department Library" vertical file.
1. Purpose. To inform all addressees of the new location and telephone numbers of the Library and to describe briefly the services and resources available for official purposes.
(a) The Navy Department Library, now relocated from the Main Navy Building to Building 220 at the northeast corner of the Washington Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. 20390 (STOP 314), is open for use by all Navy Department and Department of Defense Personnel as an aid in their work and to enrich their professional backgrounds. It is also open to the public. Hours: 8:00 to 4:30 P.M. Monday through Friday. Telephone : Oxford 34131, 34132, or 34133.
(b) The Library's resources are available for all official inquiries and assistance will be given commensurate with the size of the Library Staff and the urgency and importance of the inquiry to the Navy.
(c) Reference Services. Reference services for official purposes may range from the (1) location of needed facts (2) the compilation of selective bibliographies on any of a wide range of subjects (3) the preparation or location of abstracts of pertinent literature (4) advisory service relative to research projects.
(d) Loan Services. Books may be borrowed for two weeks. They may be renewed for another two week period if not needed otherwise. Periodicals may be borrowed for three days. Current issues may be taken overnight or over weekends only. If in doubt as to whether the publication is in the Library, call extension 34131, 34132, or 34133 for verification. If it is not in the Library, and it is needed for official business, it probably can be borrowed from another library. A catalog of books in other naval libraries in the Washington area is maintained.
Cruises, exploring expeditions with emphasis on polar exploration.
Economic and political theories and conditions.
Geography, travel and guide books.
Warfare with emphasis on naval and combined operations.
Naval education, schools and training.
Naval hospitals, and medical service.
Naval shore stations, yards, bases. Navigation, hydrography, oceanography, ship-handling.
Navy music, cook books, rations, equipment.
Astronomy and mathematics as they relate to navigation.
Courts-martial, courts of inquiry, justice, punishment.
Uniforms, insignia, awards, medals, flags.
U.S. Marine corps and Coast Guard.
Bibliographies, indexes, dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, catalogs, atlases.
Congressional documents, reports, hearings, legislation.
Reports of the Secretary of the Navy, special boards and panels.
Navy registers, directories. Professional naval, military and related journals.
Manuscripts including the 300 volume administrative history of World War II.
Doctoral dissertations on naval and military history.
Microfilm of significant segments of Navy's archives from the U.S. National Archives.
(f) Physical Facilities. In addition to desks and study carrels for library users, the Library is equipped with specialized devices to facilitate research. These include: electrostatic copiers, microfilm reader-printers, micro-opaque readers, typewriters, electrical outlets for tape recorders.
(g) Navy and other Defense personnel can reach the Washington Navy Yard by DOD Bus Route No. 6 from the Pentagon. City bus routes No. 52 and 54 (buses marked "Navy Yard") can be boarded at Pennsylvania Avenue and 14th Street N.W. Visitor parking is available on the parking lot south of building 200.
Note: The Navy Department Library was subsequently moved to Building 44 in the Washington Navy Yard. Most of the information contained in this notice is no longer valid.


text:
Q: Sync "pause/resume" button's image with the actual state In my Android app there is a Service performing long-running task (e.g. playing music) which can be in one of two states: running or paused.  There is a single 'pause/resume' image button to pause/resume the task.  And also the task can be paused due to other reasons (not from UI).  The button should look differently depending on the current state of the task (running or paused). So I need to sync the button image with the actual state of the task.
Now I've come up with the following solution:
My Service has static pause and resume methods which send intents to itself like this:
public static void pause(Context context) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(context, MyService.class);
    intent.putExtra("PAUSE", true);
    context.startService(intent);
}

public static void resume(Context context) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(context, MyService.class);
    intent.putExtra("RESUME", true);
    context.startService(intent);
}

@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    if (intent.getBooleanExtra("PAUSE", false)) {
        doPause();
    } else if (intent.getBooleanExtra("RESUME", false)) {
        doResume();
    }
    return START_STICKY;
}

Since doPause() and doResume() can also be called from other places, I can't just set image to the ImageButton when calling MyService.pause() / MyService.resume(): the button image and the actual state of the task may become out of sync.  Instead I use LocalBroadcastManager to notify activity when the button should be updated:
public void doPause() {
    paused = true;

    ... // Do some stuff to pause the service

    // Notify about state change
    Intent intent = new Intent("SERIVCE_STATE_CHANGED");
    intent.putExtra("PAUSED", true);
    LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).sendBroadcast(intent);
}

Code for doResume() is analogous.
So, my activity registers the receiver and sets the image in onReceive().
The solution seems to work. But my question is whether there is a better/simpler way to achieve the same goal? Any best practices?

A: I don't think your solution is bad. However, another way that is arguably better would be to use Android data binding.
The way this would work is, make a model object that represents the service state. E.g. Player.isPlaying, representing the service state. Then in the service, you would set the isPlaying state.
Then in your layout, you would use data binding to link that model object isPlaying state to the UI, however you want to set it, for example:
android:background="@{player.isPlaying ? @drawable/pause : @drawable/play}"

The reason I think this might be a better solution is, it links up the UI state directly 1:1 with the service. Conceptually I imagine a broadcast as being able to come from multiple sources. I don't see a problem with only having one source of the broadcast, though, which is why I don't see your current solution as bad.
You can view a detailed video about Data Binding from Google I/O 2016 here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAmMN7m3wLU


text:
package com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.core.flow2.cluster.datalake.upgrade.validation.handler;

import static com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.core.flow2.cluster.datalake.upgrade.validation.event.ClusterUpgradeValidationHandlerSelectors.VALIDATE_DISK_SPACE_EVENT;

import javax.inject.Inject;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.common.event.Selectable;
import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.common.exception.UpgradeValidationFailedException;
import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.core.flow2.cluster.datalake.upgrade.validation.event.ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationEvent;
import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.core.flow2.cluster.datalake.upgrade.validation.event.ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationFinishedEvent;
import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.core.flow2.cluster.datalake.upgrade.validation.event.ClusterUpgradeValidationFailureEvent;
import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.domain.stack.Stack;
import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.eventbus.Event;
import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.service.stack.StackService;
import com.sequenceiq.cloudbreak.service.upgrade.validation.DiskSpaceValidationService;
import com.sequenceiq.flow.reactor.api.handler.ExceptionCatcherEventHandler;
import com.sequenceiq.flow.reactor.api.handler.HandlerEvent;

@Component
public class ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationHandler extends ExceptionCatcherEventHandler<ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationEvent> {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationHandler.class);

    @Inject
    private DiskSpaceValidationService diskSpaceValidationService;

    @Inject
    private StackService stackService;

    @Override
    protected Selectable doAccept(HandlerEvent<ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationEvent> event) {
        LOGGER.debug("Accepting Cluster upgrade validation event.");
        ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationEvent request = event.getData();
        Long stackId = request.getResourceId();
        try {
            diskSpaceValidationService.validateFreeSpaceForUpgrade(getStack(stackId), request.getRequiredFreeSpace());
            return new ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationFinishedEvent(request.getResourceId());
        } catch (UpgradeValidationFailedException e) {
            LOGGER.warn("Cluster upgrade validation failed", e);
            return new ClusterUpgradeValidationFailureEvent(stackId, e);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            LOGGER.error("Cluster upgrade validation was unsuccessful due to an internal error", e);
            return new ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationFinishedEvent(request.getResourceId());
        }
    }

    private Stack getStack(Long stackId) {
        return stackService.getByIdWithListsInTransaction(stackId);
    }

    @Override
    public String selector() {
        return VALIDATE_DISK_SPACE_EVENT.selector();
    }

    @Override
    protected Selectable defaultFailureEvent(Long resourceId, Exception e, Event<ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationEvent> event) {
        LOGGER.error("Cluster upgrade validation was unsuccessful due to an unexpected error", e);
        return new ClusterUpgradeDiskSpaceValidationFinishedEvent(resourceId);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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I wish you two much luck with your new forum.
I have some of your sample libraries and like them very much.
My best to you and Mister Aaron.
Thank you so much for stopping by and for giving your best wishes!
We're very happy to be here and very happy that you like our products.
Hi Stephanie and Aaron! I'm glad to see that you have a forum now. I've been enjoying my libraries...I have almost all of them now, but I was curious how I might go about re-downloading them if I needed to.
I had a question regarding the electric guitar libraries. Unlike the other libraries, these seem to be Kontakt only. Is this the case? Any plans to port them over to other formats, like the basses and acoustics are?
We should have guitars in other formats soon, currently there seems to be an issue with Independence registration holding things up.


I must admit I had a temptation to joyride the thing in this photo. Sadly at time of taking it was mid-morning and I couldn't see the keys anywhere. Now it is late afternoon and I've had a few of Australia's finest I'm tempted to try again. Look out for news of my arrest.
"For pity's sake HELP ME!"
I grew up with pets; 2 cats and 2 dogs, the occasional fish, horses, my sister had a hamster that went very quiet one day and was found, toes in the air stiff as a board with no further use for his annoyingly squeaky wheel. I pleaded not guilty and was duly acquitted.
"I'll kill you all, when I get loose!"
As an adult I do not feel the urge to have pets particularly. I am on my own on this particular point; the threat "dog or baby" has been used on more than one occasion and is starting to sound like a bit more than an idle threat. However Dog has recently taken a back seat to Toyger. No I haven't misspelt that dyslexia or no. She wants a Toyger.
A Toyger is a domestic cat specifically bred to look like a miniature tiger. Which sounds excellent apart from the fact that they are horrendously expensive at $1000 a go. Why would you need to breed a domestic moggy to look like a tiger anyway? They all believe they're tigers, why bolster the fantasy?
"I'm thinkin about eatin you..."
I have said no to a Toyger on the grounds that they too expensive, too steal-able and we go on far too many holidays to have a pet. I have been receiving these pictures of Toyger kittens by email. Stupidly I made the mistake of showing them to my colleagues (all women). I am not getting much support. Sadly things have since escalated and Toyger quickly gave way to Kinkajou and Sugar Glider. Heaven help me.


text:
1Characteristics
2.1.1Metal Gear & Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
2.1.2Metal Gear Solid / The Twin Snakes
2.1.3Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty
2.1.4Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots
2.3Other Metal Gear media
2.4Other video games and media
3.2Voice actors
4.1Popularity
4.2Critical response
Fictional character from the Metal Gear series
This article is about the video game character. For the MSX2 video game, see Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake. For the characters' similarly-named brother, see Solidus Snake.
Metal Gear character
Solid Snake as he appears in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (2001)
Metal Gear (1987)
Super Bomberman R Online (2020)
Yoji Shinkawa (Metal Gear Solid series)
Ikuya Nakamura (Metal Gear: Ghost Babel)
Tsubasa Masao (Metal Gear Acid series)
Mizuho Yoshida (Metal Gear Solid 2, The Twin Snakes)
Ryoji Okamoto (Metal Gear Solid 4)
Ian MacDougall (Metal Gear Solid 4 [facial capture])
EN: David Hayter (Metal Gear series, Super Smash Bros. series, Super Bomberman R)
EN: Peter Lurie (Ape Escape 3)
JP: Akio Ōtsuka
Giacomo Talamini (Metal Gear Solid: Philanthropy)
Oscar Isaac (upcoming film adaptation)
David (Metal Gear Solid) (The Twin Snakes)
Dave (Metal Gear Solid) (The Twin Snakes)
Iroquois Pliskin (Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty)
Old Snake (Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots)
United States Army Special Forces (prior to series start)
FOXHOUND (Metal Gear series)
CIA (Metal Gear series)[1]
Department of Defense (Metal Gear Solid)
Philanthropy (Metal Gear Solid 2)
Hired assassin (Metal Gear Solid 4)
Big Boss (Genetic template / father)
EVA (surrogate mother)
Liquid Snake (twin brother)
Solidus Snake (brother)
Meryl Silverburgh (ex-lover)
Solid Snake (Japanese: ソリッド・スネーク, Hepburn: Soriddo Sunēku) is a fictional character from the Metal Gear series created by Hideo Kojima and developed and published by Konami. He is depicted as a former Green Beret and highly skilled special operations soldier engaged in solo stealth and espionage missions, who is often tasked with destroying models of the bipedal nuclear weapon-armed mecha known as Metal Gear. Controlled by the player, he must act alone, supported via radio by commanding officers and specialists. While his first appearances in the original Metal Gear games were references to Hollywood films, the Metal Gear Solid series has given a consistent design by artist Yoji Shinkawa alongside an established personality while also exploring his relationship with his father and mentor Big Boss.
During the Metal Gear Solid games, the character has been voiced by voice actor Akio Ōtsuka in the Japanese version and by Canadian actor David Hayter in the English version. He also appeared in Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. Considered to be one of the most iconic protagonists in video game history, Snake has been acclaimed by critics, with his personality and both Ōtsuka's and Hayter's voice acting being noted as primary factors of the character's appeal.
In the early games, Solid Snake's visual appearances were references to popular actors. He was given his own consistent design in Metal Gear Solid. He also establishes Philanthropy, an anti-Metal Gear organization carrying the motto "To let the world be", with his friend Otacon. In Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, he has access to different disguises to make him look like other characters, as well as his younger self.
Snake possesses an IQ of 180 and is fluent in six languages. Solid Snake has been on the battlefield for most of his life,[2] and says that it is the only place he feels truly alive.[3] He is a hardened veteran, burying his emotions within himself during missions, every one of which has different motives.[4] He is also immediately shown as a loner,[5][6] often with no intentions of taking orders from anyone anymore[7] and he shows no sign of longing for the army or the country he was part of.[8] However, along with these traits he has a more human side, being flirtatious,[9] self-sacrificing[10] and with a strong belief that even on a battlefield friendship[11] and love[12] can flourish, and that violence is not glorious.[13] Snake's perceived stance on violence may be a case of denial, as Snake's enemies and at least one of his allies have claimed that he enjoys killing, and label him as more evil than the people he has killed.[3][14][15] When he is not on duty, he acts as a musher.[16]
Video games[edit]
Metal Gear & Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake[edit]
Metal Gear (released in 1987) introduces Snake, a rookie recruit of the elite special forces unit FOXHOUND. Snake is sent by FOXHOUND leader Big Boss into the rogue nation Outer Heaven to rescue missing teammate Gray Fox and discover who or what the "Metal Gear" is, mentioned in Fox's last transmission.[17][18] As his mission progresses, Snake finds out that he has been set up; Big Boss's phantom intended to use the experimental, nuclear-armed TX-55 Metal Gear to establish Outer Heaven as a nuclear power.[19] After destroying the Metal Gear, Snake confronts and defeats Big Boss's phantom.[20]
The sequel Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake (initially released only in Japan in 1990[21]) sees Solid Snake called up to infiltrate a heavily fortified enemy base in Zanzibar Land. Zanzibar Land has aggravated an international oil crisis and declared themselves a nuclear power by kidnapping Dr. Kio Marv after the creation of a bio-engineered algae that produces an oil substitute, and the Metal Gear original designer Dr. Pettrovich Madnar.[22] Snake infiltrates the base and discovers that Pettrovich as well as Fox has defected to Zanzibar Land, and that Zanzibar Land is led by Big Boss.[23] Snake destroys Metal Gear D, and defeats both Fox and Big Boss.[24][25]
Metal Gear Solid / The Twin Snakes[edit]
Metal Gear Solid and its remake sees Solid Snake pulled out of retirement by Colonel Roy Campbell in a mission to deal with the "Sons of Big Boss" who, under Liquid Snake's leadership, seized an isolated American nuclear weapons disposal facility on Shadow Moses Island. Snake's mission is to retrieve two hostages (Donald Anderson and Kenneth Baker).[26] Despite both Anderson's and Baker's deaths, Snake infiltrates and learns about Metal Gear REX after meeting up with rookie soldier Meryl Silverburgh and REX's engineer Hal Emmerich, and having confrontations with the Cyborg Ninja.
As the game progresses, Snake confronts and defeats each member of the corrupt faction of FOXHOUND (consisting of Revolver Ocelot, Decoy Octopus, Psycho Mantis, Sniper Wolf, Vulcan Raven, and the Genome Soldiers), is able to destroy REX, and personally confronts Liquid. During their fight, it is revealed that Solid and Liquid are twin brothers, artificially conceived from Big Boss's genes during the "Les Enfants Terribles" government project designed to create the perfect soldier, in which one brother was genetically modified to be superior over the other.[27] Liquid harbors a strong resentment towards Snake since Solid was given their father's dominant "soldier genes" and Liquid was cast aside. After a grueling series of battles, Liquid dies from the FOXDIE virus that was previously implanted into Snake by Naomi Hunter in order to wipe out FOXHOUND and the Genome soldiers without risking any damage to REX and the Genome soldiers for retrieval.[28] In the end, it is revealed that Liquid got Big Boss's superior "soldier genes" while Solid was actually the inferior one.[29] The game's ending reveals his real name is David (デビッド, Debiddo).
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty[edit]
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty shows Solid Snake as the playable character during the game's extensive prologue sequence in which he is sent by Otacon's anti-proliferation organization Philanthropy to infiltrate a cargo tanker and photograph Metal Gear RAY.[30] During the operation, however, RAY is hijacked and the tanker destroyed, with Snake apparently dead and framed for the deed.[31] During the game's main portion, Solidus Snake steals Snake's identity,[32] and leads the "Sons of Liberty" (consisting of Revolver Ocelot, Fortune, Fatman, Vamp and Olga Gurlukovich) while Snake himself uses the pseudonym Iroquois Pliskin (イロコィ・プリスキン, Irokoi Purisukin) as a non-playable character who assists rookie agent Raiden through the remote offshore Big Shell facility and in taking down Solidus and RAY while also learning about the Patriots.[33]
Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots[edit]
Promotional CGI render of Old Snake from Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots
The PlayStation 3 game Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots features an aged incarnation of the character that is once again the protagonist identified as Old Snake (オールド・スネーク, Ōrudo Sunēku) during the game. Thanks to Otacon and Sunny, he wears a sneaking suit outfitted with "Octocamo" technology, which allows him to blend with his environment, as well as a face mask which alters his appearance.[34] Snake is once again enlisted by his old friend Roy Campbell to assassinate Liquid Ocelot, CEO of a giant mother company that are trying to take control of the Patriots' AIs.[35]
During his final mission, he also learns from Naomi Hunter that his life has been artificially shortened as part of the cloning process so that his genes can't be used as a weapon in later research. As a result, Snake has the physical appearance of an elderly man, despite being only forty-two years old.[36] Snake and his allies are forced to destroy the Patriots' AI and fight through Ocelot's forces until Snake defeats Liquid's doppelgänger in hand-to-hand combat. Learning that his DNA contains a mutated FOXDIE virus that might trigger an epidemic, Snake tries to commit suicide, however, he is approached by Big Boss telling Snake that he still has a chance to live "not as a snake but as a man", making up with his father.
After Big Boss's death from a new FOXDIE strain, David decides to live out the remainder of his life in peace, vowing that he will live long enough to see what the future holds for the new world he has helped create.[37]
The Metal Gear Solid prequels alludes to Solid Snake's existence; Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops has him briefly alluded in a prophetic vision as Naked Snake's "son [that] will save the world" (after either Liquid or Solidus as Big Boss's "son [that] will bring the world to ruin"),[38] and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker shows Kazuhira Miller mentioning the "twin sons" that are two years old at the time.[39]
Solid Snake is featured/mentioned in Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes and Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.[40][41] The unlockable bonus mission "Déjà Vu" on the PlayStation platform and later Xbox platform of Ground Zeroes in which Naked Snake must re-enact situations from the original Metal Gear Solid game and answer a series of trivia questions after fulfilling the mission. If all the questions are answered correctly on the Normal difficulty setting, the mission can be replayed with his low-polygon model from Metal Gear Solid in place of his father's standard character model. The Phantom Pain also shows that his low-polygon model from Metal Gear Solid can be an alternate outfit for Venom Snake after transferring the save data from Ground Zeroes. David is also alluded to in association with Eli during a conversation between Big Boss and Revolver Ocelot.
Other Metal Gear media[edit]
Solid Snake also serves as the protagonist in Snake's Revenge, a sequel to the original Metal Gear for the NES released for the western market in 1990 and developed without Kojima's involvement. Set three years after the events of the Outer Heaven incident, Snake's Revenge has Snake leading a team of FOX HOUND operatives as they infiltrate an undisclosed enemy base where the Metal Gear weapon is being mass-produced. Snake is addressed by the military rank of Lieutenant and starts the game already equipped with a handgun and a combat knife, in contrast to the first game, where Snake had to procure all of his weapons on-site.
After the success of the original Metal Gear Solid, KCEJ produced a trilogy of Metal Gear spin-offs for portable platforms set in a parallel universe outside the main Kojima-directed series. All three of these portable games were directed by Shinta Nojiri.[42] The first of these is Metal Gear: Ghost Babel (released outside Japan as Metal Gear Solid), in which Solid Snake must infiltrate a rebuilt Outer Heaven (now called Galuade) to defeat a FOXHOUND-like team of rogue agents called Black Chamber and destroy a stolen Metal Gear prototype, Gander. Although the actual in-game artwork of Ghost Babel was done by Ikuya Nakamura, Yoji Shinkawa provided the promotional art like he did with the original Metal Gear Solid. In the second of these titles, Metal Gear Acid, Snake must retrieve "Pythagoras" from the Lobito Physics and Research Laboratory, in order to satisfy hijackers who have kidnapped presidential candidate Viggo Hach. This mission is complicated by La Clown, an expert mimic who impersonates Snake's contact Teliko, and subtle brainwashing that nearly convinces him that he is Hans Davis, a ruthless scientist that worked at the Lobito facility. He overcomes both and contacts the real Teliko, then destroys the latest model of Metal Gear, Metal Gear KODOQUE. Metal Gear Acid 2 features a main character who is not the real version, but a clone created from tissue samples of the man from the original Metal Gear Acid, following the events of the Lobito Island mission; the Solid Snake from the original Acid is implied to be dead in the sequel.
The character appears in his Old Snake form as a playable character in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus, a stand-alone expansion to the Portable Ops focusing on online play. In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, the VR Missions DLC add-on for the game's Japanese version includes a new weapon that can be used by Raiden known as the Hebidamashi, a talking wooden sword which speaks with Solid Snake's voice (as portrayed by Akio Ōtsuka); the weapon was never made available for the English version.[43]
Outside video games, Solid Snake appeared in the Metal Gear Solid audio drama that focuses on his missions following the battle from Shadow Moses.[44] He also appears in Alex Garner's comic book adaptations of Metal Gear Solid and Metal Gear Solid 2.[45] Raymond Benson's novelizations of these two games also feature Solid Snake; Benson's adaptation of the character frequently focuses on the comical aspects of his characterization.[46][47] He also appears in Project Itoh's novelization from Metal Gear Solid 4 where his actions are told from Hal Emmerich's point of view.[48]
Other video games and media[edit]
Solid Snake has appeared in a number of other games, including other Konami games. Hideo Kojima makes a habit of referencing his previous work. In the Kojima-produced Boktai 2: Solar Boy Django (and Shin Bokura no Taiyō: Gyakushū no Sabata), Snake appears as an unnamed character who sells items to the player. Konami's Evolution Skateboarding features Snake and Raiden as hidden characters, as well as two stages set in the Big Shell (the skateboarding minigame in Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance is a demo of Evolution Skateboarding composed exclusively of these elements).[49] Solid Snake also appears in both halves of a crossover between the Metal Gear and Ape Escape franchises: the Ape Escape monkeys appear with Solid Snake in the "Snake vs. Monkey" minigame featured in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater. In turn, Snake appears in the corresponding Metal Gear Solid minigame featured in Ape Escape 3, where he is rescued by Pipo Snake (Snake's character design in this minigame is taken directly from Naked Snake's).
He has also appeared in several cross-company fighting games. In DreamMix TV World Fighters, Solid Snake appears as a playable character alongside other Konami, Hudson Soft and Takara characters such as Bomberman and Optimus Prime. Similarly, in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, the third installment from the popular fighting game series Super Smash Bros., Solid Snake appeared as a playable fighter alongside Sega character Sonic the Hedgehog and a variety of characters from Nintendo franchises such as Mario, The Legend of Zelda, and Donkey Kong. Brawl Director Masahiro Sakurai has stated that Snake was included under Kojima's request, and that he had talked to Sakurai about adding Snake to the roster of the previous game Super Smash Bros. Melee, which did not materialize due to the game being too far into production.[50] Snake returned as a playable fighter in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, after being absent in Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. In addition, Snake has appeared as a playable character in other Konami crossover titles, such as New International Track & Field and Super Bomberman R.[51]
Old Snake has appeared in the Japanese version of Scribblenauts, having been published by Konami in that region.[52] Customizations in Media Molecule's LittleBigPlanet for the PlayStation 3 allow the player character, Sackboy, to take on the appearance of Old Snake.[53] One of the robots in Astro's Playroom and one of the Villagers in An Egg's Guide to Minecraft each take on the appearance of Solid Snake using his signature cardboard box, the latter voiced by Dan Lloyd.[54][55] In December 2020, Paul W. Anderson stated that his 2020 film Monster Hunter had been based on a 2010 Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker crossover event with Monster Hunter Freedom Unite, in which a military squad briefly faced monsters from the Monster Hunter series, with Snake's equivalent in the narrative, US Army Ranger Artemis, being portrayed by Milla Jovovich.[56]
Oscar Isaac will be portraying Solid Snake in the upcoming film adaptation of Metal Gear Solid.[57]
Creation and development[edit]
Solid Snake was apparently named after the fictional special forces operative Snake Plissken, Kurt Russell's character in Escape from New York.[58][59] However, Kojima revealed in March 2014 that the character's name origins were something else. According to Kojima, he was given the "Snake" name because snakes are a symbol of stealth. Additionally, the "Solid" part of his code-name was given to give the opposite impression of a soft image.[60] Kojima has compared Snake's personality with Lupin III of Monkey Punch's Lupin III franchise, stating that in "MGS, Snake became this sharp-tongued, Lupin III-like guy who flirted with women and told lots of jokes".[61] His real name David[62][63] is a tribute to the film 2001: A Space Odyssey that has a character with the same name (and coincidentally shared with his English voice actor David Hayter).[64] Kojima later described Snake's role in the original Metal Gear as the "player's presence", contrasting the defined personality acquired in Metal Gear Solid.[65]
Solid Snake was created by Hideo Kojima (left) and designed by Yoji Shinkawa (right).
In addition to expanding Solid Snake's backstory, as the first Metal Gear game to feature voice acting, Metal Gear Solid established his characteristic voice and appearance.[66]
Various scenes from the games relate Solid Snake's ideals with Hideo Kojima's. During Metal Gear Solid 2, Snake encourages Raiden to trust himself in making his own choices with the former representing the veteran developer and the latter the younger staff who are to decide whether a sequel to the series would be made without Kojima.[64] In Metal Gear Solid 4, Snake tries to protect the next generation by stopping Ocelot which represented Kojima working with the staff to avoid bugs from occurring within the game.[67] Kojima introduced the cloning origins of Snake to Metal Gear Solid in order to provide Snake with an adversary who would be his equal, since the story, being a continuation of the original MSX2 games, established Snake as an experienced soldier.[68] Kojima explained that his decision to introduce a new playable character in Snake's place for Metal Gear Solid 2 was done in order to develop Snake from another character's perspective, but also to avoid treating Snake as a rookie by having a new character be instructed via Codec instead.[69] Snake was written to act as father figure not only to protect those he cares but also leave a message for the future generation despite his imminent death. As a pacifist message, Snake's stress increases when killing enemies.[70] Snake and Otacon were meant to die in the game, with Kojima being inspired by the movie Sacco & Vanzetti in regards to how the duo use death as a penalty for how they are criminals rather than heroes. While the novel retained this idea, the ending in the game was changed with Snake and Otacon surviving.[71] According to Ryan Payton of Konami at the time, Metal Gear Solid 4 is the final canonical Metal Gear game to feature Solid Snake as the main character.[72] Kojima himself stated that the series will continue. Despite previously stating that he does not want the character to be handled by anyone else,[68] in an interview with French gaming magazine IG[73]
Design[edit]
Solid Snake's look was based on Michael Biehn before Yoji Shinkawa took over the character's designs.
Much as Metal Gear began as a pastiche of action movies of the time with Solid Snake as a pastiche of contemporary action movie heroes. On the cover artwork of the original Metal Gear game, he resembles Kyle Reese, as played by Michael Biehn in The Terminator (although Kojima claims to have no involvement in the production of the game's packaging illustration[74]), and the in-game portrait of Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake resembles Mel Gibson.[75]
Yoji Shinkawa's Solid Snake design, characterized by his navy blue bandanna and "sneaking suit", would serve as the template for all future incarnations in later Metal Gear games. According to Shinkawa, Snake's physique in Metal Gear Solid was based on that of action star Jean-Claude Van Damme, while his facial appearance inspired by actor Christopher Walken. Shinkawa described his rendition of Solid Snake from Metal Gear Solid as a "middle ground" between the younger Snake who was in the cover artwork of the first Metal Gear and the middle-aged Snake from the MSX2 version of Metal Gear 2.[59][76] For the initial events from the Big Shell chapter from Metal Gear Solid 2, Snake's visual appearance was sightly modified with his hair being more blonde, and his appearance somewhat resembling the Man with No Name (as portrayed by Clint Eastwood).[77] Snake was one of the characters easiest to draw by Shinkawa as he notes that his appearance is consistent despite suffering minor changes across the games.[78]
By the time Metal Gear Solid 4 started development, Kojima told Shinkawa about his idea of making Snake look elderly, which surprised the designer. Once Shinkawa showed his artwork of Old Snake to the staff, they were all also surprised by the idea of playing as an old version of the character. However, they were satisfied with the end product as the staff began to like the character.[67] In Metal Gear Solid 4, one of Kojima's endings would have had Snake and Otacon turn themselves in for breaking the law, and subsequently they would be convicted and executed.[68] However, comments from Kojima's staff who were disappointed with his death resulted in the character's survival.[79] In Metal Gear Solid 4, Old Snake is modelled after Lee Van Cleef who appeared in Escape from New York.[80]
Voice actors[edit]
Solid Snake was voiced by Akio Ōtsuka (left) in Japanese and David Hayter (right) in English
In the games, Solid Snake has been voiced by Akio Ōtsuka in the Japanese version, and by David Hayter in the English adaptations. When working in Captain Planet, Hayter met the casting director of this show was Kris Zimmerman, who would later also be the voice over director for Metal Gear games. When debuting in Metal Gear Solid, Hayter was impressed by the game's cutscenes and the amount of dialogue. One of Snake's lines that Hayter liked was "I just didn't expect a world-class designer of military technology to be so… cute." when Snake interacts with Mei Ling, believing it showed a more fun side of him. Solid Snake's English voice was inspired by Hayter's experience with Japan's storytelling, resulting in minor changes for the script. Hayter himself felt shocked when Sons of Liberty was released as the narrative focused more on newcomer Raiden rather than him. Although there were no news about Snake's future role in Metal Gear, the actor believes Guns of the Patriots gave the character a proper closure.[81] One of Snake's final scenes in this game bothered Hayter as during the ending the character hesitates to kill himself despite having killed multiple enemies in fights. Nevertheless, Hayter stated that he "loves" the character he was given to portray.[82]
Other than the aforementioned voice actors, Solid Snake has also been dubbed in four different languages for the European localization of Metal Gear Solid; in French by Emmanuel Bonami,[83] in German by Stephan Grothgar,[84] in Italian by Alessandro Ricci,[85] and in Spanish by Alfonso Vallés.[86]
Popularity[edit]
Solid Snake's character was very well received by gaming media. Retro Gamer included him in the section "top ten forces of good" in their 2004 list of top 50 retro game heroes.[87] In 2005, Electronic Gaming Monthly listed Solid Snake as number one as the top ten video game characters of all time.[34] Solid Snake appeared in multiple GameFAQs "Character Battle" contests, and was runner-up in three: the "Character Battle V" in 2006,[88] the "Character Battle VII" in 2008,[89] and the "Character Battle IX" in 2013.[90] In an Oricon poll from 2008, his character was voted as the most popular video game character in Japan, tying with Nintendo's Pikachu.[91] In a Famitsu poll in 2010, Solid Snake was voted by readers as the most popular video game character.[61] His character was amongst the last 16 contestants on the greatest video game hero on GameSpot contest held in 2009, and lost out to Gordon Freeman on a tiebreaker.[92] In the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition from 2011, Solid Snake was voted as the fourth most popular video game character.[93] In 2011, Empire ranked Solid Snake as the 19th greatest video game character, adding that "beginning as an action pastiche, he swiftly evolved into his very own character".[94] In 2007, ScrewAttack ranked him as the sixth "coolest" character in video games.[95] 1UP.com listed him second in the list of top video game smokers, while GamesRadar placed him at the top of their 2009 list of manliest men in video game history.[96][97] Complex ranked him as fourth on the list of top "pervs" in games in 2012[98] and as the seventh greatest soldier in video games in 2013.[99] In 2021, Chris Morgan for Yardbarker described Snake as one of "the most memorable characters from old school Nintendo games".[100]
Critical response[edit]
Critics have commented on his traits and appearance, often praising Solid Snake for his appealing personality.[34] Solid Snake's endurance in the face of extreme punishment was even made the focus of a comedy article in the satirical newspaper The Onion.[101] In 2013, Rich Knight and Gus Turner from Complex ranked him as the ninth best video game mascot, adding that he represents "deep, human emotion that other characters fail to match."[102] IGN also remarked their rivalry, saying "Few rivalries in games have spanned as massive and confusing a timeline as Solid Snake and Liquid Snake".[103]
Solid Snake's Metal Gear Solid 2 design was at the bottom of the worst game character makeovers list by GamePro, condemning his conversion in hairstyle in comparison to his Metal Gear Solid design,[104] and was also at the top of IGN's list of the worst video game haircuts.[105] Before Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the character was thought to be the game's protagonist because of his physical resemblances with Naked Snake. However, later previews speculated how was it impossible for Solid Snake to be in the game's settings, leading to the conclusion it was a young incarnation of his father.[106][107][108] A comparison between Solid Snake's and Big Boss's characters was made by IGN in article "Stars Thunderdome: Snake vs. Big Boss."[109]
The character's appearance in Metal Gear Solid 4 has received mostly positive opinions. Before it was released, various speculations were made regarding his role. As he was the only one who suffered from a drastic change in appearance, IGN commented that the most famous rumor was the one of his body deteriorating across the game.[110] Moreover, since it had been announced it would be his last appearance, IGN and GamesRadar wondered whether the character would die during the game and if Raiden would replace him following his death.[111][112] GamesRadar commented that his character was one of the few gaming characters that aged across video games.[113] GamePro also listed Old Snake as one of the biggest surprises from the game, as the character was found interesting in contrast to pessimistic thoughts they had before the game's release.[114] GameDaily listed the "old hero" as one of their list of top video game archetypes, using the old version of the character as an example of this.[115] PLAY gave praise to his moustache considering how highly detailed it is, and represents the change from Solid Snake's character.[116] On the other hand, 1UP.com placed Old Snake third in their 2009 list of most gracelessly aging characters as it gave negative messages about aging.[117] In 2013, Complex included Old Snake among the ten video game characters who look like sex offenders,[118] but La Nueva España included him among the top ten sexiest video game characters of both genders.[119]
GameDaily made Solid Snake top their Smash Bros. characters list,[120] while PLAY listed him as one of the characters they wanted to be playable in Mortal Kombat.[121] The character customization in Soulcalibur IV that allowed to create Solid Snake was listed by UGO as one of the best ones from the series owing to his popularity within gamers.[122] Gavin Jasper of Den of Geek ranked Solid Snake as 12th of Super Smash Bros. Ultimate characters, and stated that "bringing Snake in Smash Bros. was an act of pure dominance."[123] Jeremy Parish of Polygon ranked 73 fighters from Super Smash Bros. Ultimate "from garbage to glorious", listing Solid Snake as 18th, stating that "The legendary super-soldier Solid Snake remains one of gaming's greatest and most tragic figures."[124] People expressed some disappointment on Super Smash Bros. Ultimate when Solid Snake wears a skintight stealth suit, and the rendition being completely changed. Leaving the character's butt being reduced.[125] HobbyConsolas named Snake as third of their "The 30 best heroes of the last 30 years."[126]
Akio Otsuka's and David Hayter's performances as Solid Snake's voice actors has received praise. Ōtsuka remembers being surprised during his debut as a result of the large amount of dialogue Solid Snake was given.[127] Hayter's performance was called one of the greatest in gaming as well as one of the character's most recognizable traits.[128][129] In 2013, Game Informer ranked Hayter's role as Solid Snake as the seventh most memorable character voice in video games for "a portrayal that's considered to be a real classic in the history of video game voice acting".[130]
In the Tekken 7 Evo 2019 finals, the character was used to have a chat with developer Katsuhiro Harada. The organizers of Evo stated this was a joke as many fans believed it was a hint for a possible usage of the character as downloadable content.[131] David Hayter complained about this joke as Evo did not consult Konami or him when using the audio.[132]
^ Solid Snake profile, MGS4 Database
^ Roy Campbell: ...You were there too I believe. Didn't you infiltrate western Iraq with a platoon of Green Berets? Snake: I was just a kid myself back then. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ a b Snake: It's only when I'm cheating death on the battlefield. The only time I feel truly alive. Meryl: Seeing other people die makes you feel alive, huh? You love war, and don't want it to stop... Is it the same with all great soldiers throughout history? (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Colonel Campbell: [Solid Snake], there's enough dirt in your file from your days as an agent to keep you in the stockade until you're a very old man.
^ Snake: Right now my fifty huskies are my only family. I've got to take care of them. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Meryl Silverburgh: Is there anyone you like? Solid Snake: I've never been interested in anyone else's life... Meryl Silverburgh: So you are all alone. Just like Mantis said. Solid Snake: Other people just complicate my life. I don't like to get involved. Meryl Silverburgh: You're a sad, lonely man.(Metal Gear Solid)
^ Solid Snake: I'm retired from FOX-HOUND. You're not my commander anymore, and I don't have to take orders from you or anyone else. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Solid Snake: I told you, even if I do owe you I don't owe anything to this army or this country!. Colonel Campbell: You will accept this assignment! Solid Snake: Why should I be stupid enough to do that? I'm no patriot. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Solid Snake: ...I just didn't expect a world-class designer of military technology to be so...cute. Mei Ling: You're just flattering me... Solid Snake: No, I'm serious. Now I know I won't be bored for the next 18 hours. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Naomi: ...Why did you go so far out of your way to save her? For Campbell's sake... or... maybe it's because you like her? Solid Snake: I don't want to see any woman die right in front of me. Naomi Hunter: Oh really? Since when did anybody's death bother you so much? Colonel Campbell: Naomi! It's true that [Solid Snake] has killed a lot of people, that doesn't mean he doesn't have a heart. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Naomi Hunter: ...Friends? Solid Snake: ...Frank Jaeger Naomi Hunter: But... didn't you try to kill each other? Solid Snake: That's true. We did. In Zanzibar. But it was nothing personal. We were just professionals on opposite sides, that's all. Naomi Hunter: And you still call yourselves friends? Solid Snake: Hard to believe? War is no reason to end a friendship. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Otacon: I wanna ask you... Do you think love can bloom even on a battlefield? Solid Snake: Yeah...I do. I think at any time, any place... people can fall in love with each other. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Vulcan Raven: Rejoice, Snake! Ours will be a glorious battle. Solid Snake: This isn't glorious. It's just plain killing. Violence isn't a sport! (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Meryl Silverburgh: You monster! Snake: Let him talk. He doesn't have much time left. Psycho Mantis: I've seen true evil. You Snake. You're just like the Boss... No, you're worse. Compared to you, I'm not so bad.
^ Solid Snake: I don't want that kind of world! Liquid Snake: Ha! You lie! So why are you here then? Why do you continue to follow your orders while your superiors betray you? Why did you come here? Solid Snake: ...... Liquid Snake: Well... I'll tell you then. You enjoy all the killing, that's why. Solid Snake: What! Liquid Snake: Are you denying it? Haven't you already killed most of my comrades? Solid Snake: That was... Liquid Snake: I watched your face when you did it. It was filled with the joy of battle.
^ talk after fight with Psycho Mantis (and before with Sniper Wolf for the first time): Meryl Silverburgh: How do you know so much? Solid Snake: I ride dog sleds. I'm a musher. (Metal Gear Solid)
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, Metal Gear. Konami. Big Boss: Big Boss speaking. Operation Intrude N313. Penetrate the enemy's Outer Heaven and destroy the ultimate weapon, Metal Gear!
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, Metal Gear. Konami. Big Boss: First, contact missing Gray Fox and destroy Metal Gear!
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, Metal Gear. Konami. Big Boss: Solid Snake! You've finally come here. Yeah, I'm Big Boss General Commander of Foxhound. And in charge of this castle, Outer Heaven.
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, Metal Gear. Konami. Solid Snake: This is Solid Snake... Metal Gear's destruction is a success.
^ "The History of Metal Gear Solid". UGO.com. Archived from the original on 2005-03-31. Retrieved 2005-07-15.
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake. Konami. Roy Campbell: Snake... Right on time, as always. Let's get started... Commencing Operation Intrude F014. Let's go over this one more time. Your mission is to infiltrate Zanzibar Land and rescue the kidnapped Czech biologist, Dr. Kio Marv.
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake. Konami. Solid Snake: Big... Boss?! / Madnar: The very same! With Metal Gear and OILEX, he plots to rule the world. We cannot let the secret of OILEX fall into his hands!
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake. Konami. Gray Fox: Snake... I'm not the same as I used to be. And neither is Metal Gear. I'll show you what fear really is. Prepare to taste defeat!
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake. Konami. Big Boss: Even I make mistakes from time to time. Snake! This will be our final battle... Let's end this once and for all!
^ Konami Computer Entertainment Japan. Metal Gear Solid. Konami. Solid Snake: FOX-HOUND hijacking a nuclear weapon? / Campbell: Now you understand how serious the situation is. You'll have two mission objectives. First, you're to rescue the DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Chief Donald Anderson, and the ArmsTech president Kenneth Baker. They're both being held as hostages.
^ Konami Computer Entertainment Japan. Metal Gear Solid. Konami. Liquid Snake: There's a killer inside you... You don't have to deny it. We were created to be that way. Solid Snake: Created? Liquid Snake: Les enfants terribles... the terrible children. That's what the project was called. It started in the 1970's. Their plan was to artificially create the most powerful soldier possible. The person that they chose as the model was the man known then as the greatest living soldier in the world...
^ Konami Computer Entertainment Japan. Metal Gear Solid. Liquid Snake: The Pentagon only needed for you to come into contact with us. That's what killed the ArmsTech president and Decoy Octopus. / Solid Snake: You don't mean... / Liquid Snake: That's right. You were sent in here to kill us so they could retrieve Metal Gear undamaged along with the bodies of the genome soldiers. From the beginning, the Pentagon was just using you as a vector to spread FoxDie!
^ Konami Computer Entertainment Japan. Metal Gear Solid. Revolver Ocelot: Yes, although [Solid Snake] proved he was superior and was the winner after all. ...That's right. Until the very end, [Liquid Snake] thought he was meant to be the inferior one.
^ Konami Computer Entertainment Japan. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. Konami. Solid Snake: All right. I'll head to the bridge ASAP. / Otacon: Try to avoid confrontations. Our goal is to collect evidence on Metal Gear development and expose it to the world. It would be best if you could get out of there without alerting anyone. / Solid Snake: Don't worry. I know the drill -- we're not terrorists. / Otacon: Very good. Don't you forget that you're a part of "Philanthropy" now, an anti-Metal Gear organization and officially recognized by the UN.
^ Konami Computer Entertainment Japan. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. Konami. Revolver Ocelot: ...Yes, at the location we discussed. Yes. I have photographic evidence of Snake on the scene. The Cypher was most useful...I look forward to tomorrow morning's news flash. I would say the Marine Corps' plans are on indefinite hold.
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. Konami. Raiden: So your the boss around here? / Solidus Snake: No, not just around here. I'm the boss to surpass Big Boss himself. Solid Snake. / Solid Snake: No! That is not Solid Snake! Solidus Snake: What a pleasant surprise – brother.
^ Konami Computer Entertainment Japan. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. Konami. Solid Snake: I'm not an enemy. Calm down. My name is S... My name is Pliskin. Iroquois Pliskin, Lieutenant Junior Grade.
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^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. Konami. Campbell: His will lives on - in the body of the man once known as Ocelot. He aims to fan the flames of war even higher - to create the perfect world once envisioned by Big Boss. / Old Snake: The one world in which soldiers will always have a place... / Campbell: He must be stopped... Before it's too late.
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. Naomi Hunter: You're clones created for one purpose - war. And so in order to prevent you from being abused by clients or stolen by the enemy... They shortened your lifespan and removed your ability to reproduce. It was a safety device to ensure that the seed of Big Boss didn't end up in the hands of others. The reason you're aging so rapidly isn't that of disease, or faulty research, or FOXDIE. It's how you were born. It's your natural lifespan.
^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. Konami. Otacon: Our fight is finished. There's nothing left for us to do. / Old Snake: No. There's one thing I still have to do. I have to see this age off... See what the future brings.
^ Elisa/Ursula: The futures we saw were the same. [Naked Snake], you will destroy Metal Gear, and you will build a new Metal Gear to take its place. Your children... Les Enfants Terribles. Snake, your son will bring the world to ruin. Your son... will save... the world... (Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops)
^ Kazuhira Miller: Speaking of which, any news on the "sons"?... But they're strictly an insurance policy, yes?... I wonder how Big Boss will respond... (Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker)
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^ Shoob, Punished (2013-10-14). "Top 10 Memorable Character Voices In Video Games - Features". www.GameInformer.com. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
^ Lada, Jenni (August 5, 2019). "The Evo Solid Snake Tekken Tease Was A 'Little Joke'". Siliconera. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
^ Lada, Jenni (August 6, 2019). "David Hayter Spoke Out Against The Evo 2019 Tekken 7 Snake Prank". Siliconera. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
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text:
NJ renews look at blocking traffic camera tickets from other states
Why are there traffic cameras at intersections? (trekandshoot, ThinkStock)
TRENTON — State lawmakers are making another run at preventing New Jersey drivers from being issued tickets from red-light and speed cameras in other states.
A bill, S486, advanced Friday by the Senate Transportation Committee would prohibit the Motor Vehicle Commission and other state entities from disclosing personal information about New Jersey drivers to states seeking to impose fines through automated traffic enforcement.
New Jersey is one of 18 states and 36 cities that bans the use of photo traffic enforcement, said Steve Carrellas, director of government and public affairs for the New Jersey chapter of the National Motorists Association.
"As such, it makes sense to advance this bill to protect our state's motorists from both the problems and abuses from out-of-state camera citations," Carrellas said.
South Dakota has had a similar law since 2014, Carrellas said.
"While nationwide there continues to be a steady decline of photo enforcement installations, they still exist across the country and in adjacent states," he said. "New York City and Philadelphia operations are the closest, and they've recently expanded. New Jersey motorists deserve the protections afforded by this bill."
New Jersey used to allow red-light cameras at 73 intersections in 24 municipalities. The experiment began in 2008 but ended in 2014.
Sen. Nick Sacco, D-Hudson, said "people in New Jersey rejected the cameras."
"Why should then we leave the state of New Jersey preyed upon? How do we know if the local driver in another state gets a pass and New Jersey drivers because they're out-of-state gets a ticket?" Sacco said. "There's so many things that are wrong with this."
Sen. Declan O'Scanlon, R-Monmouth, said New Jerseyans "are victimized by this industry" when they drive in Pennsylvania or cross-country and return to tickets in their mailbox for infractions they don't remember committing.
"We're calling this bill the Automated Enforcement Inoculation Act, so we defend our residents against the corrupt automated enforcement camera, red-light camera and speed camera industry that has been rife with corruption everywhere it's used," O'Scanlon said.
A similar bill was passed by the Senate in 2016 but didn't get through the Assembly. The bill wasn't taken up last legislative session.
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Source: NJ renews look at blocking traffic camera tickets from other states
Filed Under: Declan O'Scanlon, Nick Sacco, red light cameras, Steve Carrellas, traffic cameras


Luckily, he doesn't have to worry about Steve Nicks competing alongside him in the race for Best Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special (Original Dramatic Score), but he does face other stiff competition: Ludovic Bource ("Clear History"), Jeff Russo ("Fargo"), Rob Mathes ("Herblock: The Black & The White"), David Arnold and Michael Price ("Sherlock: His Last Vow (Masterpiece)") and John Lunn ("The White Queen").
Watch our full chat below. Make your Emmy predictions below or above.


text:
Over Community Opposition, Target Receives Liquor License, With Restrictions
Target will help clean nearby park.
By Eugenia Ko
Target will be able to fill these pointedly empty shelves following the city's decision to allow Target to sell alcohol on a limited schedule.
Pete Grieve / The Chicago Maroon
The Target on 53rd Street will begin selling alcohol when it receives its first shipment from its supplier.
A city commissioner approved Target's application for a limited liquor license Friday. Fourth Ward Alderman Sophia King's office e-mailed community members Friday with a plan of operation.
After objections to Target's application for a liquor license from both King and community members from groups like the Nichols Park Advisory Council (NPAC), Target will be able to sell alcohol during restricted hours. Liquor will be available for purchase from noon to 10 p.m. Monday through Friday, 10 a.m. to 11 p.m. on Saturdays, and 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. on Sundays.
The plan of operation prohibits Target from selling any liquor products that are single-serving or cost less than $5. It also requires Target to work with the NPAC to help clean up Nichols Park.
The revised plan is a result of a community meeting last Wednesday where community members and representatives of NPAC spoke to Target representatives and city liquor commissioner Maria Guerra Lapacek about their concerns. At the meeting, individuals raised concerns about Target's proximity to Nichols Park and Murray Elementary School.
"Alderman King is committed to ensuring our community interests are respected and broadly adhered to," Seventh Ward Chief of Staff Keiana Barrett wrote in an e-mail to neighborhood residents. "Therefore, we invite you to continue to engage our office, in an effort to establish a healthy co-existence with Target and all other stakeholders."
Target Will Likely Be Granted Liquor License Amidst Community Protests
Alderman Sophia King and the Nichols Park Advisory Council have been contesting the license application due to Target's proximity to Murray Elementary School and Nichols Park.