What are the risks and benefits for providing a Service Learning option for your online course. It can be done so set yourself and your students up for success and connection! This session will provide you with the definition, options, and guidelines for implementing a service learning option. I will share with you my own stories of how I implemented Service Learning into my online course and some of the student learning outcomes. Let's brainstorm and create an online Service Learning Support Network! Together we will see that when the community service is part of the academic course work, and when the service relates directly to the course content, it is considered service learning.
• Subject matter specialists contribute to possible service learning outcomes.
• Whole group connection through Google, Canvas, and Twitter.
• Identify Service Learning communities in local college areas.


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Morning Plum: House GOP struggles with immigration monster it created
By Greg Sargent
Greg Sargent
Opinion writer covering national politics
Today House GOP leaders are set to find out if they can pass a response to the border crisis that does not also include a measure to maximize future deportations from the interior.
Multiple reports indicate that House Republicans have hit on a solution to their problem: Conservatives don't want to pass any funding to address the debacle unless it also blocks Obama's program to defer the deportation of the DREAMers — an effort to constrain Obama's coming executive action to expand deportation relief. The result is that Republicans may not be able to pass anything. Here's the creative approach GOP leaders will employ to try to get past this hurdle:
The new plan, described by multiple GOP aides Wednesday evening, comes as House Republicans were unable to lock up 218 GOP lawmakers to vote for the $659 million emergency funding package.
On Wednesday evening, House GOP leadership was setting up a process that would schedule a Thursday vote on the Republican funding package. If it passes, the House would be required to vote on legislation targeting the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which has shielded from deportation hundreds of thousands of young undocumented immigrants who have grown up in the United States.
In other words, conservatives get their vote against DACA after, and only if, the House passes its solution to the border mess. I suspect this may be structured to avoid what could be a political debacle, had the votes been scheduled the other way around: House Republicans going home for August recess having voted only to sue the president and to maximize deportations from the interior, while failing to vote to solve the current crisis.
Amusingly enough, conservatives are already objecting to this approach. As Heritage Action spokesman Dan Holler tweeted: "Even John Boehner has acknowledged DACA has "led directly" to border crisis. shouldn't it be part of a bill to ADDRESS the problem?"
I don't know if more conservatives will object along these lines, and it's plausible that House Republicans will end up passing something. But this conundrum perfectly captures how Republicans have boxed themselves into a position where they must continue to call for more and more deportations. Given that GOP leaders absurdly blamed DACA — and Obama weakness and permissiveness on immigration — for the current border crisis for months, aren't conservatives absolutely right to insist that voting against DACA be part of any solution? And so, GOP leaders have again created a problem for themselves by feeding the base's preoccupations on this issue, because now they may have no choice but to do something that does further damage to the party over the long term with Latinos.
Ultimately, what's really driving the conservative position on this is the idea that Republicans should not vote on anything that helps Obama clean up what they regard as "his mess," unless perhaps it is packaged with a vote to rein in future Obama lawlessness and maximize deportations — which, to them, is apparently a sweetener. And that brings us to our next item.
[Update: And moments ago, the House GOP leadership announced it was shelving its border bill, because it can't pass. There you have it.]
* KRISTOL CALLS ON GOP TO DO NOTHING ON BORDER: Bill Kristol, who was admirably honest back in the 1990s, about the GOP motive for killing health reform, comes through again, laying bare what's really going on here with a piece calling on Republicans to pass nothing today:
If the GOP does nothing, and if Republicans explain that there's no point acting due to the recalcitrance of the president to deal with the policies that are causing the crisis, the focus will be on the president. Republican incumbents won't have problematic legislation to defend or questions to answer about what further compromises they'll make. Republican challengers won't have to defend or attack GOP legislation. Instead, the focus can be on the president — on his refusal to enforce the immigration law, on the effect of his unwise and arbitrary executive actions in 2012, on his pending rash and illegal further executive acts in 2014, and on his refusal to deal with the real legal and policy problems causing the border crisis. And with nothing passed in either house (assuming Senate Republicans stick together and deny Harry Reid cloture today), immigration won't dominate August—except as a problem the president is responsible for and refuses seriously to address. Meanwhile, the GOP can go on the offensive on a host of other issues.
The president's approval rating is slipping to historic lows. Let it continue to slide. Don't bail him out by jamming though a bill that divides Republicans, will confuse voters, won't become law anyway, muddies responsibility for the border fiasco, and takes the spotlight off what should be the focus of the August recess — President Obama's failed policies and Congressional Democrats' support for them.
The fact that Obama's approval on immigration has plummeted will no doubt give this idea more appeal among Republicans. But once again, what really matters over the long term is what Latinos think about it — and Republicans will have failed to vote to do anything to legalize the 11 million and refused to respond to the current child migrant crisis.
* HOUSE BILL WOULD BLOCK OBAMA EXECUTIVE ACTIONS: Byron York explains what's in the bill that will get a vote today:
The bill says that "unless explicitly authorized by law" — that is, unless Congress authorizes it — the federal government may not issue any "guidance, memorandums, regulations, policies, or other similar instruments" that would expand the number of illegal immigrants eligible for deferred action under President Obama's 2012 executive order that stopped deportations of some illegal immigrants who came to the United States as children. The bill would also bar any part of the federal government from "newly authoriz[ing] deferred action for any class of aliens not in lawful immigration status in the United States." And it would bar the government from "newly authoriz[ing] any alien to work in the United States" if that person is in the country illegally.
As I've noted here, the House GOP already voted to end DACA; this is only further confirmation that on immigration, the GOP remains the party of Ted Cruz and Steve King.
* HOUSE GOP LAWSUIT ALL ABOUT SHORT TERM POLITICS: Late yesterday the House voted to authorize the lawsuit against the president, and the Post overview makes this key point:
If the federal courts take up the matter, it could take years to reach conclusion and may have a larger impact on setting the parameters of the balance between the next president and Congress. The short-term impact will be the political jockeying in the next three months.
Plainly, this is all about feeding the base heading into the 2014 elections. But that isn't to say it might not have long term importance. But it may amount to nothing at all — and if so, we won't know this until long after it has already served its short term purpose.
* WHY HOUSE GOP IS SUING PRESIDENT: Brendan Nyhan gets to the heart of it: While even many Republicans oppose impeaching Obama, polling shows a lawsuit is a way to scratch that impeachment itch that has broader support among Republicans and even unites them:
The proposed Republican lawsuit against Mr. Obama for his handling of the health care law is much more effective at consolidating the Republican base. Though only 41 percent of Americans over all support a lawsuit, that total includes three in four G.O.P. identifiers — a total that almost matches Democratic opposition of 84 percent.
Gotta keep that base in a rage right through Election Day!
* GET READY FOR A SHIFT IN 2014 POLLS: Scott Clement and Peyton Craighill explain it: Pretty soon, pollsters will shift to a "likely voter" screen, which may well show a bump up in the prospects of GOP Senate candidates, because of the Dems' midterm voter dropoff problem. This is certainly important in what it says about the state of the midterm electorate. But as they note, this could create an impression of momentum for Republicans that isn't there.
* GOP KEEPS IMPEACHMENT CHATTER ALIVE: With many pundits moaning that Dems are to blame for keeping impeachment chatter alive for base-energizing purposes, E.J. Dionne recaps the ways Republicans are, in fact, talking impeachment, and observes:
John Boehner is having trouble countering fears that House Republicans will eventually try to oust the president because the speaker's colleagues have spent years tossing around impeachment threats as a matter of routine.
But but but Dems are fundraising off of this! Outrageous!
Greg Sargent Greg Sargent writes The Plum Line blog. He joined The Post in 2010, after stints at Talking Points Memo, New York Magazine and the New York Observer. Follow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Since its establishment in 1998, the ASEF Classroom Network (ASEF ClassNet) project has been providing opportunities for collaborative learning and intercultural exchanges through the use of ICT among secondary, vocational and high schools in ASEM Partner countries.
Its activities are both face-to-face and online. The focal point of face-to-face activities is the ASEF ClassNet Conference, which takes place on an annual basis alternating between Asia and Europe. The network is also fertile ground for face-to-face school exchanges; these are often an off-shoot of ASEF ClassNet's online activities. The online activities are widespread and on-going; the highlight being the many diverse and interdisciplinary Online Collaborations that ASEF ClassNet teachers design and carry out with students across Asia and Europe.


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Home Bakersfield Night Sky - April 5, 2020
Bakersfield Night Sky - April 5, 2020
Bakersfield Night Sky – April 5, 2020
This is my first column during the "shelter-in-place" time which is a necessary thing in order to keep the number of COVID-19 serious reactions from growing too quickly for our health care system to treat. Bakersfield College continues with instruction but it's all online. We were able to do so because way back in January, we paid attention to the public health experts that the coronavirus was going to be something very serious for the country. In late February, BC activated its emergency conditions protocol to prepare for the eventual move to shutting down the physical campus. A lot of workshops and coaching by the academic technology folks enabled us to put just about every course online. The perspective of "you do what you have to do" coupled with intelligent, creative employees means we even have science lab classes still being taught. I encourage you to check out BC's response to COVID-19 at www.bakersfieldcollege.edu/covid19 for an example of how to "play where the puck is going to be" to use a metaphor from hockey god, Wayne Gretzky.
Well, the "shelter-in-place" still allows us to go outside and enjoy the night sky in our backyard or in remote locations far from other people. In tonight's evening sky, Venus is now two days past its very close passage by the Pleiades star cluster in the shoulder of Taurus in the west. April third was the closest passage by the Pleiades in decades. The next time Venus passes by the Pleiades will be eight years from now. Tonight they are still close enough together to fit within the field of view of standard binoculars. Opposite Venus in the east is a waxing gibbous moon just two days from full moon phase.
The more interesting action is happening in the early pre-dawn morning sky with Mars, Saturn, and Jupiter in that order in the southeast. Mars passed by both of the Jovian planets in March and now the trio are spaced almost equidistant from each other between Sagittarius and Capricornus. Mars will continue to move away from Jupiter and Saturn all this month. The third quarter moon will form a nice arc with the three planets about 20 degrees across (length of your outstretched hand opened up wide at arm's length) on April 14. The moon will be spending the next couple of nights moving past the trio as it shrinks to an ever-thinner waning crescent.
April 2020 is the thirtieth anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope. It was launched on April 24, 1990 on the Space Shuttle Discovery mission STS-31. The Hubble Space Telescope was first proposed 44 years before that in a white paper by Lyman Spitzer. Major space missions can take decades from conception to launch partly because there is so much technology and engineering techniques that have to be invented.
Soon after Hubble was put in its 340-mile high orbit, it became apparent that something was wrong with its optics. The images were not as sharp as they needed to be to do the cosmology science. The images were still sharper than what we could do from the ground, so science research still continued while we waited for the first servicing mission in December 1993 to install corrective optics. Hubble has had 5 servicing missions with the last one in 2009 to install new batteries and other science instruments. With the retirement of the Space Shuttle fleet, there will be no more servicing missions.
A nice overview of Hubble's accomplishments is given in the Night Sky Network's March 24 webinar posted on their YouTube channel at www.youtube.com/user/NightSkyNetwork/videos . All of the videos are free, no subscription needed! Just the thing for these shelter-in-place times.


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\section{Introduction}
The current astrophysical  observations of the Type Ia supernovae (SNIa)~\cite{riess1}, the cosmic microwave background (CMB)~\cite{WMAP}  and the  large scale structure (LSS) ~\cite{SDSS} have revealed that the expansion of our universe is accelerated~\cite{riess1}. This indicates that there exists  some unknown energy, called dark energy,  to realize the accelerated expansion.
The simplest interpretation of dark energy is the cosmological constant.
However, this model  requires  an incredible fine-tuning, since the observed cosmological constant is extremely small compared to the fundamental Planck scale $\rho_{\Lambda} \sim 10^{-120}M_{p}^4$. Also, this model suffers from the cosmic coincidence problem: why the cosmological constant and matter have comparable energy density today even though their time evolution is so different.

Among various attempts to solve these problems, we focus on  the holographic dark energy (HDE) models~\cite{li}  motivated by the holographic principle of quantum gravity~\cite{quantumgravity}.
Requiring that the total vacuum energy of  a system with size $L$ would not exceed the mass of the black hole of the same size,  the dark energy density is proposed as
 \begin{eqnarray}
   \rho_{\Lambda} = 3c^2 M_{p}^2 L^{-2},
 \end{eqnarray}
where $c$ is a dimensionless parameter, $M_P = 1/ \sqrt{8 \pi G}$ is the reduced Planck mass.
As for the size $L$, which is regarded as an IR cutoff, various possibilities are
discussed in literatures, such as the Hubble parameter $L^{-1} =H$ ~\cite{li},
the future event horizon  $L =  R_h$ ~\cite{li},
the age of our universe  $L=T$ ~\cite{age}, and
the Ricci scalar curvature  $L^{-2} = \cal{R}$ ~\cite{gao}.
In our previous work~\cite{suwa}, we studied the Ricci dark energy (RDE) model with $L^{-2} = \cal{R}$ by introducing an interaction between dark energy and matter. It was shown that a nonvanishing interaction rate $Q \propto H \rho_\Lambda$ is favored by the observations~\cite{suwa}.

In this paper, we extend our previous analysis, and consider the interacting RDE (IRDE) model
in non-flat universe.
This paper is organized as follows.
In Sec. \ref{IRDE}, we describe the generalized IRDE model in non-flat universe,
and obtain analytic expressions for cosmic time evolution.
In Sec. \ref{obs}, we discuss the observational constraints on this model.
We summarize our results in Sec. \ref{conc}.

\section{The interacting Ricci Dark Energy model}
\label{IRDE}
We study the interaction Ricci Dark Energy (IRDE) model in non-flat universe.
The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric non-flat univrerse is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{metric}
 ds^{2}= dt^{2} - a^{2}(t)
                \left(
                         \frac{dr^{2}}{1-kr^{2}} +r^{2}d \theta^{2}
                                   +r^{2}\sin^{2}{\theta} d \phi^{2}
                \right),
  \end{eqnarray}
where $k=1$, 0, $-1$ for closed, flat, and open geometries.
The Friedmann equation in non-flat univrerse takes the form
 \begin{eqnarray}
  H^{2} = \frac{1}{3M_{p}^{2}}
                (\rho_{\Lambda}+\rho_{m}+\rho_{\gamma}+\rho_{k}),
  \label{Friedmann}
  \end{eqnarray}
where $\rho_{\Lambda}, \rho_{m}, \rho_{\gamma}$ and $\rho_{k}$ represent energy density of dark energy,
matter, radiation and curvature, respectively, and $H=\dot{a}/a$ is the Hubble parameter.

We generalize the energy density of the Ricci dark energy as
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \label{rde}
  \rho_{\Lambda}
       &=& 3 M_{p}^2 \left(\frac{\alpha}{2} \partial_{x} H^{2}
                            + \beta H^2 +\epsilon k e^{-2x}\right),
                \label{RDE}
 \end{eqnarray}
 where $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\epsilon$ are dimensionless parameters
 and $x=\ln{a}$.
 In the case of $\beta=2 \alpha, \epsilon=\alpha, k=0$, this model is reduced to the ordinary RDE model \cite{suwa}.
Moreover, we introduce a phenomenological interaction  between dark energy and matter.
The energy densities $\rho_{\Lambda}$ and $\rho_{m}$ obey the following equations~\cite{IHDE}
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \label{CLL}
  \dot{\rho_{\Lambda}} + 3H (1+w_{\Lambda})\rho_{\Lambda} &=& -Q,\\
  \label{CLM}
    \dot{\rho_{m}} + 3H \rho_{m} &=& Q.
   \end{eqnarray}
We adopt the interaction rate given by
 \begin{eqnarray}
  \label{intrate}
   Q_{1}=\gamma H \rho_{\Lambda},
 \end{eqnarray}
  where $\gamma$ is a dimensionless parameter~\cite{suwa}.
To solve $H$, combining with eqs. (\ref{RDE}) and (\ref{CLM}), the Friedmann equation (\ref{Friedmann})
 is transformed as
  \begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
    \frac{ \alpha}{2} \frac{d^{2}H^{2}}{dx^{2}}
    - \left(1-\frac{3\alpha}{2} -\frac{\alpha \gamma}{2} -\beta \right)\frac{d H^{2}}{dx}
    -(3-3\beta-\beta \gamma) H^{2}
    &&\\
\label{EOH}
                -\Omega_{\gamma 0} H_{0}^{2} e^{-4x}
                -\{1- \epsilon(1+\gamma ) \}  k e^{-2x}
   &=&0.
 \end{eqnarray}
The solution to eq. (\ref{EOH}) is given by
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \label{hubbleparameter}
  \frac{H^{2}}{H_{0}^{2}}    &=& A_{+} e^{\sigma_{+} x} + A_{-} e^{\sigma_{-} x}
            + A_{\gamma} e^{-4 x} + A_{k} e^{-2 x} ,
\label{solution}
 \end{eqnarray}
where
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \label{sigmapm}
  \sigma_{\pm}
   &=& \frac{(2-3\alpha - \alpha \gamma-2\beta)
          \pm \sqrt{(2+3\alpha-2\beta)^{2}
                     +\alpha\gamma(6\alpha +\alpha \gamma -4\beta -4)   }  }
         {2\alpha} ,
 \end{eqnarray}
   $\Omega_{\gamma 0}=\rho_{ \gamma 0}/\rho_{c0}$,
 $\Omega_{k 0}= - k/H_{0}^{2}$ and
 $\rho_{c0}=3M_{p}^{2}H_{0}^{2}$.
 When $\sigma_{\pm}$ can be imaginary for sufficiently large $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$,
 $H^{2}$ has oscillatory behavior~\cite{suwa}.
 The constants $A_{\gamma}$, $A_{k}$ and $A_{\pm}$ are obtained as
 \begin{eqnarray}
  A_{\gamma} = \frac{\Omega_{\gamma 0}}{(2 \alpha - \beta) (1- \gamma)+1 } ,
 \end{eqnarray}
 \begin{eqnarray}
  A_{k} = \frac{1-(1+ \gamma)\epsilon }{1+( \alpha - \beta) (1+ \gamma) }\Omega_{k 0} ,
 \end{eqnarray}
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \label{rholambda}
 A_{\pm} &=& \pm \frac{ \alpha(\sigma_{\mp}+4) A_{\gamma}
            +\alpha(\sigma_{\mp}+2) A_{k}
                + 2 \Omega_{\Lambda 0}+2\epsilon\Omega_{k0}
                -\left(\alpha \sigma_{-} +2\beta\right) }
               {\alpha(\sigma_{+}-\sigma_{-})} .
 \end{eqnarray}
In the case of $\beta=2 \alpha$, $\epsilon = \alpha$ and $\Omega_{k0}=0$,
eq. (\ref{solution}) reduces to the result obtained in our previous work~\cite{suwa}.
 Substituting eq. (\ref{solution}) to eq. (\ref{RDE}),
 the Ricci dark energy density is obtained as
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \label{rdes}
  \rho_{\Lambda}
    &=&   \rho_{c0}
         \left\{
              \sum_{i}
              \left(\frac{ \alpha \sigma_{i}}{2}+\beta
                                    \right)
                                    A_{i} e^{\sigma_{i}x}
              -\epsilon  \Omega_{k0} e^{-2x}
       \right\} ,
 \end{eqnarray}
 where $i\in\{+,-,\gamma,k\}$, $\sigma_{\gamma}=-4, \sigma_{k}=-2$,
 Likewise, the matter density is obtained as
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \label{rms}
  \rho_{m}
  &=&   \rho_{c0}
         \left\{
                \sum_{i}\left(1 - \frac{\alpha  \sigma_{i}}{2} -\beta\right)A_{i} e^{\sigma_{i}x}
      - \Omega_{\gamma 0} e^{-4x}
       -(1-\epsilon) \Omega_{k 0} e^{-2x}
       \right\} .
  \end{eqnarray}
 To derive the equation of state parameter $w_{\Lambda}$ of the Ricci dark energy,
 substituting eq. (\ref{rdes}) into the following expression:
 \begin{eqnarray}
  w_{\Lambda}
    =  -1-\frac{1}{3}
             \left(
                      \gamma + \frac{1}{\rho_{\Lambda}}\frac{d\rho_{\Lambda}}{dx}
             \right).
  \end{eqnarray}

\section{Observational constraints}
\label{obs}
In this section, we discuss cosmological constraints on the IRDE model in the non-flat universe ($k\neq 0$) obtained from SNIa, CMB, BAO and the Hubble parameter observations.

The luminosity distance in the non-flat universe can be written as
 \begin{eqnarray}
 d_{L} = \frac{(1+z)}{H_{0} \sqrt{\Omega_{k0}}} \sinh \left( H_{0} \sqrt{\Omega_{k0}} \int_{0}^{z} \frac{dz'}{H(z')} \right).
 \end{eqnarray}
The SNIa observations measure the distance modulus $\mu$
of a supernova and its redshift $z$.
The distance modulus is given by
 \begin{eqnarray}
  \mu = 5 \log_{10}{\frac{d_{L}}{\rm Mpc}}.
 \end{eqnarray}
 We use the Union data set of 580 SNIa~\cite{580SN} to obtain limits on the relevant parameters $\alpha, \gamma$ and $\Omega_{\Lambda 0}$
 by minimizing $\chi_{\rm SN}^{2}$~\cite{chi2}.

The CMB shift parameter $R$ is given by
 \begin{eqnarray}
  R &=& \sqrt{ \frac{\Omega_{m0}}{ \Omega_{k0}} }
                \sinh \left( H_{0} \sqrt{\Omega_{k0}} \int_{0}^{z_{\rm CMB}} \frac{dz}{H(z)}  \right),
 \end{eqnarray}
 where $z_{\rm CMB}=1089$ is the redshift at recombination,
 and $\Omega_{m0}=\rho_{m0}/\rho_{c0}$ is the matter fraction at present.
We use the value $R=1.725\pm0.018$ obtained
 from the WMAP9 data~\cite{WMAP}.
The CMB constraints are obtained by minimizing $\chi_{\rm CMB}^{2}$~\cite{chi2}.
The shift parameter gives a complementary bound to the SNIa data ($z\lesssim 2$),
since this parameter involves the large redshift behavior ($z\sim 1000$).

Signatures of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) are provided by the observations of large-scale galaxy clustering. The BAO parameter $A$ is defined by
  \begin{eqnarray}
  A &=& \sqrt{\Omega_{m0}}
               \left(
                       \frac{H_{0}}{H(z_{\rm BAO})}
               \right)^{1/3}
               \left[
                       \frac{1}{z_{\rm BAO} \sqrt{\Omega_{k0}}}
                       \sinh \left( H_{0} \sqrt{\Omega_{k0}}
                                   \int_{0}^{z_{\rm BAO}} \frac{dz}{H(z)}
                             \right)
               \right]^{2/3},
     \end{eqnarray}
where $z_{\rm BAO}=0.35$.
We use the measurement of the BAO peak in the distribution of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) observed
 in SDSS~\cite{SDSS}:
 \begin{eqnarray}
  A &=& 0.469
                         \left(
                                  \frac{0.95}{0.98}
                         \right)^{-0.35}
               \pm 0.017.
 \end{eqnarray}
The BAO constraints are obtained by minimizing $\chi_{\rm BAO}^{2}$~\cite{chi2}.

 The Hubble parameter constraints are given by minimizing
 \begin{eqnarray}
  \chi_{H}^{2} = \sum_{i}^{28} \left( \frac{H(z_{i})-H_{obs}(z_{i})}{\sigma_{H_{i}}}   \right)^{2},
 \end{eqnarray}
where $\sigma_{H_{i}}$ is the $1\sigma$ uncertainty of the observational $H(z)$ data~\cite{Hubble}.

In Fig.\ref{fig:w_a_gamma}, we plot the equation of state parameter $w_{\Lambda}$ for $\Omega_{k0}=-0.1$ (blue), 0 (red)
and 0.1 (green) as a function of the scale factor $a$.
The dotted and solid lines are the results for the case without interaction ($\gamma$=0) and with interaction ($\gamma=0.15$), respectively.
The dark energy parameter is fixed as $\alpha=0.45$.
Though the value $\Omega_{k0}= \pm 0.1$ is too large (see Fig. \ref{fig:contours}),
we use these values to visualize the effect of the curvature in the figure.
The condition for accelerated expansion at present $ w_{\Lambda}$ $<$ $-1/3$ is satisfied
for both cases.

In Fig.\ref{fig:Omega_a_gamma}, we plot the evolution of the energy density fractions
$\Omega$ for radiation (green), matter (red) and dark energy (blue) for $\alpha=0.45$.
The dotted and solid lines are the results for the case without interaction ($\gamma$=0) and with interaction ($\gamma=0.15$), respectively.
The panels (a), (b) and (c) corresponds to
$\Omega_{k0}=0$, $-0.1$ and 0.1, respectively.
One can see that the effect of the curvature can be important only for $a$ $\sim$ 1.
The fractions $\Omega_{\Lambda}$ and $\Omega_{m}$ for $\Omega_{k0}=-0.1$ in the panel (b)  ($\Omega_{k0}=0.1$ in the panel (c))
are slightly increased (decreased) around 0.1 $\lesssim$ $a$ $\lesssim$ 1
compared to the flat case (a).
Around radiation-matter equality,
the radiation component $\Omega_{\gamma}$ is increased by several percents
compared to the corresponding result without interaction (dotted line),
while the $\Omega_{m}$ is decreased due to the interaction.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
 \begin{center}
  \begin{minipage}{1.0\textwidth}
   \begin{center}
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
     \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{eps_Contoure_of_Chi_2_alpha_Omega_k0__RDE,Omega_Lambda=0.73,gamma=0.00_.eps}\\
        ~~~~(a)
      \end{center}
     \end{minipage}
     \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
      \begin{center}
       \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{eps_Contoure_of_Chi_2_alpha_Omega_k0__RDE,Omega_Lambda=0.73,gamma=0.15_.eps}\\
        ~~~~ (b)
      \end{center}
     \end{minipage}
    \end{center}
   \end{minipage}
\caption{
The probability contours for SNIa (red),
CMB (blue), BAO (green) and Hubble (black) observations in the ($\alpha, \Omega_{k0}$)-plane in the case without interactions ($\gamma=0$).
The $1\sigma$, $2\sigma$ and $3\sigma$ contours are drawn with
solid, dashed and dotted lines, respectively.
The joined constraints using
$\chi^{2}=\chi_{\rm SN}^{2}+\chi_{\rm CMB}^{2}+\chi_{\rm BAO}^{2}+\chi_{H}^{2}$
are shown as shaded contours.
\label{fig:contours}
}
 \end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=3.8in]
 {eps_Plot_w_Lambda_a__Omega_Lambda=0.73,alpha=0.45,gamma_.eps}
\caption{
Plot of $w_{\Lambda}$ versus $a$ for RDE($\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.73, \alpha=0.45, \gamma=0$)
The lines for
k=-0.1 (blue), 0 (red) and 0.1 (green)
in the case without interactions (dotted line) and with interaction (solid line).
}
\label{fig:w_a_gamma}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[p]
\centering
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
     \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[width=70.0mm]
       {eps_Plot_Omega_a__Omega_Lambda=0.73,alpha=0.45,gamma,Omega_k0=0.0_.eps}
      \end{center}
      \begin{center}
              ~~~~   (a)
      \end{center}
     \end{minipage}
     \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
      \begin{center}
       \includegraphics[width=71.0mm]
        {eps_Plot_Omega_a__Omega_Lambda=0.73,alpha=0.45,gamma,Omega_k0=-0.1_.eps}
      \begin{center}
              ~~~~~~   (b)
      \end{center}
        \end{center}
       \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
     \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=70.0mm]
   {eps_Plot_Omega_a__Omega_Lambda=0.73,alpha=0.45,gamma,Omega_k0=0.1_.eps}
      \begin{center}
              ~~~~   (c)
      \end{center}
        \end{center}
       \end{minipage}

\caption{
Plot of $\Omega$ versus $a$
for RDE($\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.73, \alpha=0.45, \gamma=0.15$).
The lines for
Radiation (Green), matter (red), dark energy (blue) and curvature (black)
in the case without interactions (dotted line) and with interaction (solid line).
These figures describe in the case of $\Omega_{k0}=0$ (Fig. a), -0.1 (Fig. b) and 0.1 (Fig. c).
 \label{fig:Omega_a_gamma}
}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion}
\label{conc}
We have considered the IRDE model in the non-flat universe.
We have derived the analytic solutions for
 the Hubble parameter~(\ref{hubbleparameter}), the dark energy density~(\ref{rdes}) and matter energy density~(\ref{rms}).
We have also studied astrophysical constraints on this model using the recent observations
including SNIa, BAO, CMB anisotropy, and the Hubble parameter.
We have shown that the allowed parameter range for the fractional energy density of the curvature
is $-0.005$ $\lesssim$ $\Omega_{k0}$ $\lesssim$ $0.015$
for $\gamma$ $=$ 0.15.
The best fit values with $1\sigma$ error are $\Omega_{k 0}= 0.006 \pm 0.010$
and $\alpha = 0.45 \pm 0.03$ with $\chi_{\rm min}^{2}=580$.
We have shown that the IRDE model with a small curvature is allowed by observational constraints.
Without the interaction, the flat universe is observationally disfavored in this model.

\section*{Acknowledgment}

We would like to thank T. Nihei for his valuable discussion, helpful advice and reading the manuscript.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Finance Minister announced relief for the common man in the middle income group. Although, there will be no change in the existing rates or slabs of Income Tax for the financial year 2019-20, Mr Goyal proposed that individuals having an income of upto five lakh rupees will have not have to pay any tax.
He said, with additional deductions like interest on home loan of upto two lakh rupees and interest on education loan, national pension scheme contribution, medical insurance, medical expenditure of senior citizen will attract tax relief.
The budget also hiked standard deduction for the salaried people from the present 40,000 rupees to 50,000. Considering the difficulties of the middle class, the budget proposes to exempt levy on income tax on notional rent on a second self-occupied house.
TDS threshold on interest earned on bank and post office deposits is being raised from 10,000 rupees to 40,000 to benefit small depositors and non-working depositors. TDS threshold for deduction of tax on rent is proposed to be increased from one lakh 80 thousand to two lakh 40 thousand.
The benefits of rollover of capital gains under section 54 of the Income Tax Act will be increased from investment in one residential house to two residential houses for a tax payer having capital gains up to two crore rupees. This benefit can be availed once in a lifetime.
Gratuity limit has also been increased to 30 lakh rupees. These measures will benefit over three crore middle class tax payers comprising self employed, small businessmen, small traders, salary earners, pensioners and the senior citizen.


text:
HENRY CUELLAR
House Dems torched over 'ludicrously evil' vote against 'Born Alive Act'
Pro-life groups and lawmakers slammed the 210 House Democrats who voted against the 'Born-Alive Act' that guaranteed protections for babies who survive abortions.
Kamala Harris calls House-passed Born Alive Act 'extreme,' claims it jeopardizes reproductive rights
Vice President Kamala Harris accused Republican legislators in the House of trying to "control women's bodies" by passing the "extreme" Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act.
Democrats, media lament SCOTUS decision on Title 42 as 'band-aid,' criticize Biden administration
Democrats and members of the media criticized the Supreme Court's decision on Title 42 and slammed the Biden administration's lack of action at the border.
Dem rep says Biden border strategy will not address problem: 'I've looked at that plan … it hasn't worked'
Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Texas, on Sunday said that the Biden administration's border plan needs to address security issues as migrants continue to surge into the U.S.
Transcript: Rep. Henry Cuellar on "Face the Nation," Dec. 18, 2022
The following is a transcript of an interview with Rep. Henry Cuellar that aired on Sunday, Dec. 18. 2022, on "Face the Nation."
This week on "Face the Nation with Margaret Brennan," Dec. 18, 2022: Manchin, Cuellar, Gonzales, Gottlieb
Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia, former FDA Commissioner Dr. Scott Gottlieb, and more, will appear on "Face the Nation with Margaret Brennan" this Sunday.
US plans for more migrant releases when asylum limits end
More are expected with the end of Title 42 authority, under which migrants have been denied rights to seek asylum more than 2.5 million times on grounds of preventing spread of COVID-19. A federal judge in Washington ordered Title 42 to end Dec. 21 but Republican-led states asked an appeals court to keep it in place. U.S. officials in El Paso are currently exempting 70 migrants daily from Title 42, said Palazzo, who questioned how officials will handle more people. The department didn't indicate how many migrants may cross the border when Title 42 ends. In the fiscal year that ended Sept. 30, migrants were stopped 2.38 million times, up 37% from 1.73 million times the year before.
The Department of Homeland Security says more migrants may be released into the United States to pursue immigration cases when Trump-era asylum restrictions end next week.
The Department of Homeland Security said more migrants may be released into the United States to pursue immigration cases when Trump-era asylum restrictions end next week in one of its most detailed assessments ahead of the major policy shift. The department reported faster processing for migrants in custody on the border, more temporary detention tents, staffing surges and increased criminal prosecutions of smugglers, noting progress on a plan announced in April. More are expected with the end of Title 42 authority, under which migrants have been denied rights to seek asylum more than 2.5 million times on grounds of preventing spread of COVID-19.
McCarthy passes 1st House speaker test, but hurdles remain
House Republican leader Kevin McCarthy has cleared the first major step toward becoming House speaker.
From sensation to struggles: Dem stars Abrams, O'Rourke fade
Stacey Abrams and Beto O'Rourke catapulted to Democratic stardom in 2018 by defying expectations and nearly pulling off upsets in Georgia and Texas.
Democratic Rep. Henry Cuellar wins re-election in Texas southern border district
Rep. Henry Cuellar, a moderate Democrat, won re-election in his Texas border district, fending off his GOP opponent.
Prison deaths mount in El Salvador's gang crackdown
On March 26, El Salvador's street gangs had killed 62 people across the country, igniting a nationwide furor.
Immigration will vex Biden no matter who controls Congress
President Joe Biden says he is committed to "fixing our immigration system for good."
House Republicans focus closing message on economic frustrations
The Congressional Leadership Fund is running seven new ads in competitive House districts.
Rep. Cuellar on southern border crisis: No one was listening to the border communities 'for years'
Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Texas, offered his perspective on the immigration debate as the crisis at the southern border continues on Tuesday on "Your World."
Texas Democrat slams Kamala Harris' border claim: 'If you call that secure, I don't know what secure is'
Texas Democrat Rep. Henry Cuellar explained in dire terms that America's southern border is nowhere near "secure," as Vice President Kamala Harris claims.
Full transcript of "Face the Nation" on Sept. 18, 2022
On this "Face the Nation" broadcast, Rep. Henry Cuellar and Ukrainian Prosecutor General Andriy Kostin joined Margaret Brennan.
Cuellar says Biden needs to ramp up border enforcement amid migrant dispute
Cuellar urged the Biden administration to devote more resources to to law enforcement at the southern border.
Transcript: Rep. Henry Cuellar on "Face the Nation," Sept. 18, 2022
The following is a transcript of an interview with Democratic Rep. Henry Cuellar of Texas that aired Sunday, Sept. 18, 2022, on "Face the Nation."
This week on "Face the Nation with Margaret Brennan," September 18, 2022: Cuellar, Kostin, Johnson, Pape
Rep. Henry Cuellar, Prosecutor General of Ukraine Andriy Kostin, and more will appear on "Face the Nation with Margaret Brennan" this Sunday.
Most vulnerable Democrats won't say border is secure, or if they'd welcome illegal migrants in home districts
Vulnerable Democrats in the House and Senate remain silent on if the border is secure and if they would welcome illegal migrants to their cities.
US official: Migrants who died cleared inland checkpoint
(AP Photo/Eric Gay) (Eric Gay)SAN ANTONIO — (AP) — Migrants were inside a tractor-trailer when it cleared an inland Border Patrol checkpoint, later ending up in San Antonio where dozens of bodies were found in the deadliest known smuggling attempt in the United States, a U.S. official said Thursday. The truck went through the checkpoint on Interstate 35 located 26 miles (42 kilometers) northeast of the border city of Laredo, Texas. The official, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss an ongoing investigation, said there were 73 people in the truck when it was discovered Monday in San Antonio, including the 53 who died. It was unclear if agents stopped the driver for questioning at the inland checkpoint or if the truck went through unimpeded. U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar, who drives through the checkpoint almost weekly, said investigators believe migrants boarded the truck in or around Laredo, though that is unconfirmed.
(AP Photo/Eric Gay) (Eric Gay)SAN ANTONIO — (AP) — Migrants were inside a tractor-trailer when it cleared an inland Border Patrol checkpoint, later ending up in San Antonio where 53 people were found dead in the deadliest known smuggling attempt in the United States, a U.S. official said Thursday. The truck went through the checkpoint on Interstate 35 located 26 miles (42 kilometers) northeast of the border city of Laredo, Texas. The official, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss an ongoing investigation, said there were 73 people in the truck when it was discovered Monday in San Antonio, including the 53 who died. It was unclear if agents stopped the driver for questioning at the inland checkpoint or if the truck went through unimpeded. U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar, who drives through the checkpoint almost weekly, said investigators believe migrants boarded the truck in or around Laredo, though that is unconfirmed.
A U.S. official says the tractor-trailer at the center of a disastrous human-smuggling attempt that left 53 people dead had passed through an inland U.S. Border Patrol checkpoint with migrants inside earlier in its journey.
EXPLAINER: Heat, humidity a perilous mix in migrant deaths
An expert says the combination of heat and humidity would have quickly created life-threatening conditions inside the packed, un-airconditioned tractor-trailer where dozens of migrants were found dead this week.
51 migrants die after trailer abandoned in San Antonio heat
"This is a horror that surpasses anything we've experienced before," said San Antonio Mayor Ron Nirenberg. Families were reaching out to the Mexican Consulate in San Antonio throughout the morning looking for their loved ones, an employee there said. San Antonio has been a recurring scene of tragedy and desperation in recent years involving migrants in semitrailers. Ten migrants died in 2017 after being trapped inside a truck parked at a San Antonio Walmart. "These drivers, they take money from the cartels," said state Sen. Roland Gutierrez, a Democrat from San Antonio.
Desperate families of migrants from Mexico and Central America are seeking word of their loved ones as authorities begin identifying 51 people who died after being abandoned in a tractor-trailer without air conditioning in the sweltering Texas heat.
Democrat Rep. Henry Cuellar declared winner in Texas recount
AUSTIN, Texas — (AP) — A recount in Texas affirmed Democrat U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar as the winner Tuesday of his primary race against progressive challenger Jessica Cisneros, who had trailed by fewer than 200 votes following a runoff in May. Cuellar, a nine-term congressman, defeated Cisneros by 289 votes, according to results of the recount announced by by the Texas Democratic Party. The Associated Press had not previously declared a winner in the race because it had been too close to call. Cuellar is one of the last anti-abortion Democrats in Congress and has also bucked party for years over his support of gun rights and tougher stance on immigration. But he still kept the support of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Democratic leadership.
Henry Cuellar defeats Jessica Cisneros in contentious Texas congressional primary race
The incumbent lawmaker fends off the immigration lawyer in the third head-to-head matchup between the two for the Democratic nomination in Texas's 28th Congressional District.
A recount in Texas affirmed Democrat U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar as the winner Tuesday of his primary race against progressive challenger Jessica Cisneros, who had trailed by fewer than 200 votes following a runoff in May. Cuellar, a nine-term congressman, defeated Cisneros by 289 votes, according to results of the recount announced by by the Texas Democratic Party. It is the second time that Cisneros, a 29-year-old immigration attorney who once interned for Cuellar, has lost a challenge to her former boss, whose moderate record along Texas' heavily Hispanic southern border has aligned him at times with Republicans on issues including abortion and guns.
Texas recount underway between Texas Rep. Cuellar, Cisneros
Election 2022 House FILE - U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Laredo, speaks during a campaign event, Wednesday, May 4, 2022, in San Antonio. Cuellar, a 17-year incumbent and one of the last anti-abortion Democrats in Congress, is in his toughest reelection campaign, facing a May 24 primary runoff against progressive Jessica Cisneros. (AP Photo/Eric Gay) (Eric Gay)LAREDO, Texas — (AP) — A recount was underway Thursday in a Texas primary race between Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar and progressive challenger Jessica Cisneros following their tight runoff in May. Before the recount, Cuellar had been leading Cisneros by 187 votes, or 0.4 percentage points, out of 45,429 ballots counted as of last week, according to an Associated Press count. The recount was requested by Cisneros, a 29-year-old immigration attorney who is trying to unseat the nine-term South Texas congressman for the second time in as many years.
A recount is underway in a Texas primary race between Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar and progressive challenger Jessica Cisneros.
A recount was underway Thursday in a Texas primary race between Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar and progressive challenger Jessica Cisneros following their tight runoff in May. Before the recount, Cuellar had been leading Cisneros by 187 votes, or 0.4 percentage points, out of 45,429 ballots counted as of last week, according to an Associated Press count. The AP will not declare a winner until the recount is completed.
Jessica Cisneros files for recount in race against Rep. Henry Cuellar in Texas' 28th District
The state party's canvass shows her trailing Cuellar by 281 votes.
Primary elections live updates Voters in California, six other states to decide primaries
California and six other states hold primaries, with voters choosing candidates for Los Angeles mayor, a Democratic nominee for Senate in Iowa and deciding whether former interior secretary Ryan Zinke should have a chance to seek a congressional seat.
Cisneros requests recount in race against Texas Rep. Cuellar
Progressive Jessica Cisneros is requesting a recount in her tight runoff election against nine-term Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar that remained too close to call nearly two weeks later. Cuellar was leading Cisneros by 187 votes, or 0.4 percentage points, out of 45,429 ballots counted as of Monday night, according to an Associated Press count. The AP will not declare a winner until the recount is completed.
Cuellar, Cisneros runoff in Texas is too close to call
Election 2022 House FILE - U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Laredo, speaks during a campaign event, Wednesday, May 4, 2022, in San Antonio. Cuellar, a 17-year incumbent and one of the last anti-abortion Democrats in Congress, is in his toughest reelection campaign, facing a May 24 primary runoff against progressive Jessica Cisneros. (AP Photo/Eric Gay) (Eric Gay)AUSTIN, Texas — (AP) — The Texas primary runoff between Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar and his progressive challenger, Jessica Cisneros, was too close to call Wednesday, more than a week after the election. Cisneros, an immigration attorney, forced the runoff in March after she came within 1,000 votes of Cuellar, a nine-term incumbent. The winner of Texas' race will face Cassy Garcia, who won the Republican runoff for the seat.
The Texas primary runoff between Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar and his progressive challenger, Jessica Cisneros, was too close to call Wednesday, more than a week after the election.
The Texas primary runoff between Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar and his progressive challenger, Jessica Cisneros, was too close to call Wednesday, more than a week after the election. The race doesn't qualify for an automatic recount, but Cisneros can request and pay for one. If Cisneros requests a recount, The Associated Press will not declare a winner until it is completed.
Cuellar, Cisneros runoff in Texas remains too early to call
Election 2022 House FILE - U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Laredo, speaks during a campaign event, Wednesday, May 4, 2022, in San Antonio. Cuellar, a 17-year incumbent and one of the last anti-abortion Democrats in Congress, is in his toughest reelection campaign, facing a May 24 primary runoff against progressive Jessica Cisneros. (AP Photo/Eric Gay) (Eric Gay)AUSTIN, Texas — (AP) — The Texas primary runoff between Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar and his progressive challenger, Jessica Cisneros, remained too early to call Friday. Cuellar led Cisneros by 175 votes, or 0.4 percentage points, out of 45,209 ballots counted as of 3 p.m. Cisneros supports abortion rights, while Cuellar is one of the last anti-abortion Democrats in Congress.
The Texas primary runoff between Democratic U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar and his progressive challenger, Jessica Cisneros, remains too early to call.
The Trailer: Establishment wins, surging turnout and burning Bushes: Takeaways from this week's primaries
In this edition: Lessons from all of May's primaries, redistricting madness drags into Memorial Day weekend, and the director of Justice Democrats lays out their new strategy to replace centrists.
Rep. Henry Cuellar, Jessica Cisneros locked in tight battle in Texas
The race in Texas's 28th Congressional District is among the most closely-watched in the country, with the candidates and outside groups having spent a total of $12.5 million.
Closely watched Democratic primary in Texas' 28th District remains too close to call
A runoff in South Texas between incumbent Democratic Rep. Henry Cuellar and progressive challenger Jessica Cisneros remained too close to call as of Wednesday morning.
Takeaways from the primaries in Georgia, Texas, Alabama and other races
Trump tried to make a statement in Georgia. He got drubbed.
2022 Midterms: What To Watch In Georgia, Texas, Elsewhere
Voters in Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Texas and Minnesota are heading to the polls Tuesday.
Trump rebuked with stinging losses in Georgia GOP contests
Gov. Brian Kemp of Georgia has easily dispatched Donald Trump's hand-picked challenger in a Republican primary that demonstrated the limits of the former president and his conspiracy-fueled politics in a critical swing state.
Greene, McBath win US House races; Cuellar in tight runoff
One of the last anti-abortion Democrats in Congress was facing his toughest primary challenge yet in Tuesday's runoff, while a staunch gun safety advocate ousted her House colleague in a fierce member-on-member congressional primary in suburban Atlanta.
Election 2022 What to Watch FILE - Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger speaks during an interview on Oct. 28, 2021, in Atlanta. In Arkansas, former White House press secretary Sarah Sanders is a front-runner for the Republican nomination for governor. In the Atlanta area, an unfavorable new district led Rep. McBath to jump into a Democratic primary against fellow Rep. Bourdeaux. Former state Rep. Brad Finstad has the backing of several Minnesota GOP officeholders. He has reminded voters he was Trump's Minnesota director for USDA Rural Development.
Jessica Cisneros Facing Rep. Henry Cuellar In Texas Congressional Race
Texas' 28th Congressional District stretches from Laredo, to parts of Mission, Texas in the Rio Grande Valley and up to parts of San Antonio.
Texas runoff tests Democratic divisions over abortion, immigration
The latest battle in the fight for power in the Democratic Party between centrists and liberals will be decided here Tuesday.
Bush political dynasty to be tested in Texas runoff and other races to watch
In Alabama, former President Trump pulled his endorsement of Rep. Mo Brooks in the Senate race.
There's one Democrat in the House who doesn't support abortion rights. He faces a progressive challenger on Tuesday
The runoff between the two Democrats highlights the nuance of how Latino voters feel about abortion.
Election 2022 What to Watch FILE - Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., departs the House chamber at the end of votes, at the Capitol in Washington, May 12, 2022. Greene is testing Republican voters' tolerance for controversy in the May 24, 2022, Republican primary. In Arkansas, former White House press secretary Sarah Sanders is a front-runner for the Republican nomination for governor. In the Atlanta area, an unfavorable new district led Rep. McBath to jump into a Democratic primary against fellow Rep. Bourdeaux. He has reminded voters he was Trump's Minnesota director for USDA Rural Development.
Georgia takes center stage in Tuesday's primary elections as Gov. Brian Kemp and Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger try to fight back challengers endorsed by Donald Trump.
Texas race tests abortion's resonance with Democratic voters
Election 2022 Abortion Texas U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Laredo, walks to the stage during a campaign event, Wednesday, May 4, 2022, in San Antonio. An infusion of money that outside groups have poured on the ground and across TV in South Texas is an indicator of an important race, with abortion rights advocates trying to lower expectations about broader implications. Eager to protect an incumbent, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has stood by Cuellar even as she reaffirms her staunch support of abortion rights. "People here are pretty liberal," said Martha Cerna, 76, a retired schoolteacher in San Antonio who supports abortion access. Cuellar brushed off the impact of the Supreme Court leak at a San Antonio rally this month, saying voters know his position.
One of the last anti-abortion Democrats in Congress is in the toughest reelection battle of his career in South Texas.
The Trailer: Four ways the leaked draft abortion opinion has altered the midterms
How the potential end of Roe is shaking up campaigns, what happened in Ohio on Tuesday, and an interview with J.D. Vance.
House leaders stick with Rep. Cuellar despite abortion stand
Cuellar FBI-Search FILE - U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar, D-Laredo, speaks during a press conference at the southern border at the Humanitarian Respite Center, July 19, 2019 in McAllen, Texas. Cisneros, an immigration lawyer who supports abortion rights, finished roughly 1,000 votes behind Cuellar in March, when neither candidate met the majority threshold to win outright. Cisneros called on House leaders to drop their backing of Cuellar in the heavily Hispanic district that runs to the U.S.-Mexico border. Cuellar reiterated his opposition to abortion in a statement Tuesday but said the leaked draft went too far and would divide the country. Cuellar was the only House Democrat last year to vote against the Women's Health Protection Act, which sought to bolster access to abortion.
Just a day after Democrats recommitted to protecting abortion rights, a U.S. House leader on Wednesday campaigned in Texas alongside Rep. Henry Cuellar, one of the last anti-abortion Democrats in Congress.
Live updates | LA abortion rights protest turns violent
Supreme Court Abortion People pray outside of the U.S. Supreme Court Tuesday, May 3, 2022 in Washington. Authorities say about 250 people had been marching peacefully for abortion rights before the clash. She criticized him again Tuesday for being the only House Democrat who didn't support a bill earlier this year to protect abortion rights. But if Roe v. Wade is overturned, the change would allow the Republican-controlled Legislature to ban abortion. Biden said he wanted Congress to pass legislation codifying Roe v. Wade, but he wasn't prepared to say whether the Senate should sidestep the filibuster to do so.
Live updates | VP Harris blasts draft Supreme Court decision
Supreme Court Abortion People pray outside of the U.S. Supreme Court Tuesday, May 3, 2022 in Washington. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana) (Jose Luis Magana)WASHINGTON -- Vice President Kamala Harris is blasting the draft U.S. Supreme Court decision that would overturn federal abortion rights. ___WASHINGTON — Hundreds of protestors gathered in front of the Supreme Court as the day went on Tuesday. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer on Tuesday angrily denounced the Supreme Court's leaked draft decision that would overturn the landmark Roe v. Wade ruling. Politico published a leaked Supreme Court draft opinion late Monday showing that a majority of the court is prepared to overrule the landmark 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade that legalized abortion nationwide.
Live updates | Anti-abortion Democrat: Court goes too far
Supreme Court Abortion People pray outside of the U.S. Supreme Court Tuesday, May 3, 2022 in Washington. She criticized him again Tuesday for being the only House Democrat who didn't support a bill earlier this year to protect abortion rights. ___WASHINGTON — Hundreds of protestors gathered in front of the Supreme Court as the day went on Tuesday. But if Roe v. Wade is overturned, the change would allow the Republican-controlled Legislature to ban abortion. "I can't stop crying," said an elated Mississippi state Rep. Becky Currie, who sponsored the 2018 law that is the basis for the Supreme Court case.
A Los Angeles protest over the leaked U.S. Supreme Court draft opinion that would throw out Roe v.
Texas takes new border action; ex-Trump officials want more
Texas Gov. Greg Abbott says the state will provide migrants arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border bus charters to Washington, D.
Vulnerable Democrats warn Biden about reopening asylum
The Biden administration's decision to end sweeping asylum limits at the border this May satisfied demands by prominent Democrats.
Biden risks progressives, Blacks with pivot to the center
President Joe Biden is signaling an election year shift to the center to help protect fragile Democratic majorities in Congress, even as key voices across his party's sprawling political coalition threaten revolt.
Texas primary sets up Abbott-O'Rourke race as midterms begin
Republican Gov. Greg Abbott will face Democratic challenger Beto O'Rourke after voters in Texas opened what could be a lengthy, bruising primary season.
2022 midterm elections: What to know ahead of Texas' primary
The 2022 midterm election season opens Tuesday in Texas.
Abortion recedes from spotlight in Texas' primary election
Abortion isn't taking center stage in Texas' first-in-the-nation primary.
Texas opens 2022's first primary under stricter voting rules
Early voting in the first primary of the 2022 midterm elections are underway in Texas.
Dems confident on methane fee as budget bill moves to Senate
A huge social and environmental policy bill passed by House Democrats includes a plan to impose a fee on emissions of methane.
On climate change, Biden $3.5T plan making up for lost time
As President Joe Biden visited one disaster site after another this summer he declared climate change "everybody's crisis.".
Slain Marine who cradled baby at Kabul airport loved her job
A Marine sergeant who cradled a baby in her arms at the airport and posted on social media that she loved her job.
Young dad-to-be was among 13 US troops killed in Afghanistan
A young husband with a child on the way.
Moderates bring House to standstill in Biden budget clash
House Democratic leaders are trying to muscle President Joe Biden's multitrillion-dollar budget blueprint over a key hurdle.
House Dems plan budget vote next week, defying moderates
Top Democrats are planning House votes next week on a budget resolution that would clear a path for future passage of the party's ambitious plans for social and environment programs.
On border tour, Harris cites 'progress' in 'tough' situation
Vice President Kamala Harris says the Biden administration has made progress tackling a migration spike that's drawn fire from Republicans and made fellow Democrats uncomfortable.
US to keep migrant families in hotels as amid rush for space
Migrant families will be held at hotels in the Phoenix area in response to a growing number of people crossing the U.S.-Mexico border, another step in the Biden's administration rush to set up temporary space.
EXPLAINER: Why is media access at the border an issue?
WHY HAS MEDIA ACCESS BEEN BLOCKED? The Associated Press, for example, has asked Homeland Security officials for access to Border Patrol facilities at least seven times, without a response. Some of them aren't coming from the professional media but from people with special access. The customs locations are considered much more crowded, and journalists have still not been allowed access to them. He says: "It is more important than ever that journalists be allowed the necessary access to report accurately and independently on the border patrol's response."___David Bauder is the media writer for The Associated Press, based in New York.
Photos of migrant detention highlight Biden's border secrecy
The photos were released by Rep. Henry Cuellar, a Texas Democrat from the border city of Laredo. The photos from Donna show some of the same detention areas as in the images released by Cuellar. The following year, hundreds of families and children detained at one West Texas border station went days without adequate food, water or soap. The AP has also petitioned Psaki to open border facilities. The newly published photos released by Cuellar's office show groups of children crowded together inside the partitions.
President Joe Biden's administration faces mounting criticism for refusing to allow outside observers into facilities where it is detaining thousands of immigrant children. Cuellar said he released the photos in part because the administration has refused media access to the Donna tent. The following year, hundreds of families and children detained at one West Texas border station went days without adequate food, water, or soap. The AP has also petitioned Psaki to open border facilities. But lawyers who have interviewed children detained at Donna say some can go days without being allowed outside.
Divided House passes bill to help Dreamer immigrants get citizenship
Nine House Republicans joined all Democrats in voting for the Dreamers measure but 30 GOP lawmakers backed the farm workers bill, giving it a more bipartisan hue. "These immigrant communities strengthen, enrich and ennoble our nation, and they must be allowed to stay."Neither House measure would directly affect those trying to enter from Mexico. AdMaine Rep. Jared Golden's vote against the farm workers measure made him the only Democrat to oppose either bill. The Dreamer bill would grant conditional legal status for 10 years to many immigrants up to age 18 who were brought into the U.S. illegally before this year. The other bill would let immigrant farm workers who've worked in the country illegally over the past two years get certified agriculture worker status.
House approves pro-union bill despite dim Senate odds
But it faces an all-but-certain Republican blockade in a narrowly divided Senate and is unlikely to become law. Ad"I've heard Democrats argue that it's the unions that built the middle class," said Rep. Virginia Foxx, R-N.C., the senior Republican on the House labor panel. And what this bill does is take away their freedom."Labor unions have long been a bedrock of Democratic support. "This far-reaching legislation is nothing more than an union boss wish list," said Foxx, who led Republican debate on the bill. Virginia Republican Rep. Bob Good excoriated the bill, saying it would effectively "funnel money to Democrats" by allowing unions to collect additional dues.
House OKs George Floyd Act as Democrats avoid 'defund' clash
Scott Applewhite)WASHINGTON – House Democrats passed the most ambitious effort in decades to overhaul policing nationwide, avoiding a potential clash with moderates in their own party who were wary of reigniting the "defund the police" debate they say hurt them during last fall's election. Approved 220-212 late Wednesday, the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act is named for the man whose killing by police in Minnesota last Memorial Day sparked demonstrations nationwide. "We want to feel safe when we encounter law enforcement. "Our law enforcement officers need more funding not less," Rep. Scott Fitzgerald, R-Wis. Another possible point of contention is provisions easing standards for prosecution of law enforcement officers accused of wrongdoing.
With Biden's backing, Dems revive bill to overhaul policing
House Democrats are hustling to pass the most ambitious effort in decades to overhaul policing. The bill would ban chokeholds and "qualified immunity" for law enforcement and create national standards for policing in a bid to bolster accountability. "Our law enforcement officers need more funding not less," Rep. Scott Fitzgerald, R-Wis., said during Wednesday's debate. AdPolice unions and other law enforcement groups have argued that, without such legal protections, fear of lawsuits will stop people from becoming police officers — even though the measure permits such suits only against law enforcement agencies, rather than all public employees. California Rep. Karen Bass, who authored the bill, understands the challenge some House members face in supporting it.
Democrats consider piecemeal approach to immigration reform
(AP Photo/Evan Vucci)WASHINGTON – After decades of failed attempts to pass comprehensive immigration legislation, congressional Democrats and President Joe Biden are signaling openness to a piece-by-piece approach. They unveiled a broad bill Thursday that would provide an eight-year pathway to citizenship for 11 million people living in the country without legal status. "Even though I support full, comprehensive immigration reform, I'm ready to move on piecemeal, because I don't want to end up with good intentions on my hands and not have anything," said Texas Rep. Henry Cuellar. Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Dick Durbin has said that any final Senate bill likely "will not reach the same levels" as Biden's proposal. But multiple immigration organizations said administration officials had signaled in recent conversations that they were open to a multilevel approach in which lawmakers would press forward on the comprehensive bill while also pursuing individual pieces.
How Democrats came up short in bid to expand House majority
"It's the Trump factor," Nearmyer said about how Democrats lost House seats. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall)MONROE, Iowa – This swath of southeast Iowa isn't supposed to be a nailbiter for Democrats. Instead, it appears Democrats made a serious miscalculation in assuming their antipathy toward Trump would fuel victories across the country. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, which supports the party's House candidates, is beginning a "deep dive" examination into what happened. Voters for months watched Republican ads featuring unrest with narrators ominously attacking Democrats as anti-police, often with little response.
Low expections in Mexico as US election approaches
FILE - In this June 23, 2020, file photo, President Donald Trump tours a section of the border wall in San Luis, Ariz. During his 2016 primary run, Trump sought to mark his ground as a hard-line immigration enforcer who would build a great, great wall on our southern border. Nearly four years later, Trump still has work to do completing his wall and much that has been completed has been paid by U.S. taxpayers despite promises otherwise. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File)
For example, when Mexico was on the brink of defaulting on treaty obligations governing water-sharing this month, the Trump administration provided a graceful exit. Trump made Mexico an immigration waiting room for the U.S. and some say effectively pushed the U.S. frontier south for immigrants. Thousands of asylum seekers were forced to wait out their cases in Mexican border cities before the pandemic allowed the U.S. to effectively suspend its asylum system at the border. Mexico might expect greater recognition of shared responsibility from a Biden administration, but Mexico's own security strategy has been difficult to decipher. The Trump administration has focused on deporting undocumented immigrants and narrowing the path to legal entry.
US crackdown on nonessential border travel causes long waits
Cars wait in line to enter the United States at San Diego's San Ysidro border crossing, Tuesday, Aug. 25, 2020, in Tijuana, Mexico. A Trump administration crackdown on nonessential travel coming from Mexico amid the coronavirus pandemic has created massive bottlenecks at the border, with drivers reporting waits of up to 10 hours to get into the U.S. (AP Photo/Elliot Spagat)
Cars wait in line to enter the United States at San Diego's San Ysidro border crossing, Tuesday, Aug. 25, 2020, in Tijuana, Mexico. Waits soared across the border last weekend, with California crossings hit hardest. The measures dont apply on the Canadian border, which is also subject to the nonessential travel ban. We need people to think twice about nonessential travel and to ask themselves if the travel is worth risking their lives and the lives of others, CBP spokesman Rusty Payne said. Christopher Landau, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, said many people are crossing the border to visit family, shop or dine out.
How Sanders is helping keep the progressive movement strong
FILE - In this Feb. 25, 2020 file photo, Democratic presidential candidates, Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., left, and former Vice President Joe Biden, talk before a Democratic presidential primary debate in Charleston, S.C. Sanders, who will speak at the Democratic National Convention Monday, was the last primary challenger standing against Biden. He retains the partys largest cohesive constituency in a progressive base unwavering in its support. Most importantly, young people in this country, whether theyre Black or white or Latino, Native American, Asian American, young people strongly support the progressive agenda.The progressive movement is still far from the driving force of the Democratic Party. One example is Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who will help nominate Sanders at the convention and is widely seen as his successor in leading progressives.
Progressives say primary wins latest sign of momentum shift
FILE - In this March 6, 2020 file photo, Rep. Rashida Tlaib, D-Mich., speaks at a campaign rally in Detroit. Her opponent in the primary was Detroit City Council President Brenda Jones. Y'all, we about to change the world.Beyond signaling momentum, the victories are giving progressives confidence about two upcoming tests. Next week, squad member Rep. Ilhan Omar of Minnesota will face a challenge from a well-funded opponent, Antone Melton-Meaux. In March, Marie Newman knocked off Illinois Rep. Dan Lipinski, an abortion opponent who compared progressive Democrats to a tea party of the left."
Tables turned, Ocasio-Cortez plays defense in primary fight
Ocasio-Cortez began airing a TV spot this week that underlines the importance of turnout in what's likely to be a low-turnout primary. Caruso-Cabrera has cast Ocasio-Cortez as a divisive elitist who ignores the district, which also covers parts of the Bronx. Caruso-Cabrera said that after Congress approved the coronavirus bill and the pandemic was ravaging New York, Ocasio-Cortez stayed in a luxury apartment in D.C. with a Whole Foods in the lobby." Caruso-Cabrera, 51, has vulnerabilities in the overwhelmingly Democratic district. The organization tangled with Ocasio-Cortez in a Texas primary in March, when she backed an unsuccessful liberal challenger to pro-business Democratic Rep. Henry Cuellar.


Groundhog Removal: Presently , pest issue is not something new.
Pest manifestation develops as a result of manyreasons. The important aspects for pest manifestation are the area in which we liveand the climate of that location. However , it is possible toeliminate pest infestation from spreading by deciding on pest management meausres. Here we will tell you about the several measures to be undertaken as well as the reasons to consider all these measures.
The Way In Which Pest Control Management Will Benefit You ?
If pest infestation is not controlled on time , it can bring about a destruction in your home. Wildlife animals as well as all pest control are included in these. These spread allergensand also contaminate your meals that can be really harmful to your health. Keeping the food items covered can be quite hard because we generally forget while we are at home. It makes sense to treat the issue from its source which will as well stop its reoccurrence. Free moving pests is the root cause of the trouble.
In addition to diseases , pest infestations also impact the basic hygiene of your home. Despite having dirt free and germ-free surrounding area , a house affected with pests will probably lessen the daily efforts you take in your cleaning process. Also , your neighborhood would not wish to reside in surroundings having a pest infested home.
There are various factors why you require Pest Control Services.
Groundhog Removal: The well-qualified professional workers know the causes that induced pest infestation and they are aware of the effective methods to control it from spreading further. You get a permanent solution to make your house pest free. You will be without stress as the issue about pest infestation is solved perfectly.
The trained expert in Certified pest control services utilize several useful methods to get rid ofpest from your home. Not all pests respond to the similar procedure and some breeds may be tough to manage. Even the most problematic pest infestation is entirely solved, all thanks to their years of practical experience and immense know-how.
Our pest management services is at your help if your property is affected by insects. It is essential that you get in touch with us soon. It is simple to control pest infestation provided you take instantaneous measures to control it. In case the unwanted pests surge in quantity , they are going to be housing a bigger space for infestation and it will just take a lot more time to eliminate them.
We, an experienced pest control service provider, are at your services anytime you need. Our years' worth of work taught us the best ways to treat whatever issue you are faced with. We have a perfect treatment plan for any type of pest infestation, no matter how old it is. Not just that, it is ensured that these solutions will have positive results in the shortest possible time. As we offer quality pest control service, it is better to choose our services.


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First Race And First Points For The Richard Mille Racing Team In The World Endurance Championship At Spa
At Spa-Francorchamps, the Richard Mille Racing Team and its trio of Beitske Visser, Sophia Flörsch and Tatiana Calderón gathered with the rest of endurance racing's finest for the first time since the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Straight away on April 26, the crew took advantage of the Prologue to get their bearings with 'Roxy', the team's #1 Oreca-Gibson, and adjust to rule changes made during the off-season. Thanks to the unfailing reliability of their car, the three drivers completed a total of 196 laps over the four sessions.
Richard Mille Racing Team
On April 28, the crew focused on studying data collected with the Signatech technical team. Then preparations continued. The Richard Mille Racing Team put in almost 2,000 kilometres ahead of qualifying, a ten-minute sprint where tyre and traffic management must be perfect and Tatiana Calderón did well, clocking the 12th fastest lap in LMP2.
The honour of starting the Total 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps fell to Beitske Visser who immediately moved up a spot maintaining contact with the top ten. After her solid double stint, the Dutch native handed over to Sophia Flörsch, who quickly got on with the business at hand by accelerating the trio's march forward during her first two stints.
At the halfway mark, the Richard Mille Racing Team was in eighth place. Tatiana Calderón took over to consolidate the efforts of her teammates, demonstrating the singular consistency of the #1's crew as the three women turned in their respective best times within one second.
Oscillating between eighth and tenth place after an early stop during a full course yellow, Tatiana Calderón handed back the steering wheel to Sophia Flörsch for the final 90-minute sprint. Strategically speaking, the team made smart choices, allowing the German driver to move up and secure eighth place in LMP2, just over a minute outside the overall top ten.
With four championship points, the Richard Mille Racing Team is turning its attention to the next leg of the championship, the 8 Hours of Portimão (13 June). The team will return to a circuit it knows well, as the Portuguese track was the venue for last year's European Le Mans Series season finale.
Tatiana Calderón: 'It was a long week with the Prologue plus the race, but I think we maximised our potential and we can be quite happy to finish eighth. We need to keep working, as I believe we can display a better race pace, but the team did a great job with the strategy and pit-stops. We have to understand how to extract a bit more performance from these new LMP2 rules and the Goodyear tyres to come back much stronger at Portimão in a few weeks!'
Sophia Flörsch: 'First of all, it was good to be back racing as it was my first race of the year. Generally speaking, this week at Spa was a bit difficult for our team as we somewhat started from zero in contrast to our rivals. We made significant steps forward and we can be pleased with the result even though we are not yet where we want to be. It was the best result we could have expected, we scored four points in the championship and we will keep on working from there. We can only do better as we go forward, and I look forward to the rest of the season!'
Beitske Visser: 'I am delighted we could finally start the season. It wasn't easy for us as we have a bit of catching up to do on how to figure out the new regulations, mainly in terms of the tyres and downforce. We improved a lot during the week, and in the end, the race went rather well. Our eighth place is a good way to start the season, and now we will continue to work hard and improve for the next race.'
Philippe Sinault, Team Principal
'A top ten finish in the first race of the season is a positive result. The conditions were anything but easy as the health crisis deprived us of a lot of testing time over the winter. We wanted to prepare our drivers as best as we could since the car is quite different compared to last year, with a very different aerodynamic kit and tyres. We used the week to get them to explore the package they have at their disposal this year in a little more detail. They improved as the days went by and were able to fully engage with the event by showing themselves comfortable in the race. Yet again, they made no mistakes, and this eighth place is consistent with our target for this field, which combined numbers with quality. It's a positive start for the championship. We will keep working and putting in more kilometres before the next round in Portimão, where the eight-hour format could be more to our advantage.'
Total 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps
United Autosports USA n°22 – 161 laps
JOTAn°38+1lap
Racing Team Nederland n°29 + 2 laps
Inter Europol Competition n°34 + 2 laps
Realteam Racing n°70 + 3 laps
DragonSpeedUSAn°21+3laps
Richard Mille Racing Team n°1 + 3 laps
FIA Endurance Trophies LMP2
United Autosports USA n°22 – 26 points
JOTA n°38 – 18 points
Racing Team Nederland n°29 – 12 points
Inter Europol Competition n°34 – 10 points
Realteam Racing n°70 – 8 points
DragonSpeedUSAn°21–6points
Richard Mille Racing Team n°1 – 4 points
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Nanfeng Ancient Kiln
6 Gaomiao Road, Shiwan Town, Foshan
The main attractions of the Nanfeng Ancient Kiln include Nanfeng Ancient Stove, Guangdong Shiwan Ceramic Museum, High Stove, God Banya, The Lin's Hall and buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The scenic area covers over 1,000 acres, where visitors may enjoy the professional performance of the pottery master or experience the fun of making pottery in the pottery centre.
From High Speed Rail Foshanxi Station, walk about 200 metres to Foshanxi Bus Station and take Bus K3 towards Lingnan Avenue. Get off at Haikou Bus Station and walk for about 16 minutes.
Alternatively, you may take a 39-minute taxi ride from Foshanxi Station.
Foshan Grand Theatre
1 Huakang Road, Lecong Town, Shunde District, Foshan
The Grand Theatre is adjacent to the Century Lotus Sports Centre and the Youth Culture Palace. Equipped with the highest level of architectural acoustics and stage installation in the country, the audience is assured of enjoying a top-notch concert in the theatre.
From High Speed Rail Foshanxi Station, walk about 200 metres to Foshanxi Bus Station and take Bus K340 towards Lecong Traffic Centre. Get off at the terminal and change to Bus 343 towards Poly East Bay North Station. Get off at Century Lotus Sports Centre (West Gate) Bus Station and walk for 10 minutes.
Foshan Zumiao Museum (The Ancestral Temple)
21 Zumiao Road, Chancheng District, Foshan
Foshan people have a saying, "If you don't go to Zumiao in Foshan, you have not been to Foshan." The museum includes the ancient complex of Ancestral Temple, Confucius Temple, Ip Man Hall and Huang Feihong Memorial Hall. It is a folk museum which combines architectural art and traditional culture.
From High Speed Rail Foshanxi Station, walk about 200 metres to Foshanxi Bus Station and take Bus G12 towards Lingnan Avenue Bus Terminal. Get off at Zumiao Station "A" and walk for about 2 minutes.
Foshan Creative Industry Park (Jihua 4th Road)
33 Jihua 4th Road, Chancheng District, Foshan
The creative park, which was converted from 12 old factories, covers an area of over 100 acres and has a construction area of 250,000 square metres. At present, over 100 companies are stationed in the park, ranging from ceramics research and design, finance, catering to leisure and entertainment business.
From High Speed Rail Foshanxi Station, walk about 200 metres to Foshanxi Bus Station and take Bus K3 towards Lingnan Avenue. Get off at Jihua 4th Road East Station and walk for about 10 minutes.


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Unique experiences in Peru beyond Machu Picchu
By: FE Online |
Updated: July 3, 2017 10:38:30 AM
From the snow-capped mountains in the Andean highlands, across the Pacific coastline, and the history of the Incan civilisation, Peru showcases geographic and cultural diversity
Amazon cruises offer an opportunity to visit native communities and see exotic Amazonian flora and fauna
Thousands of tourists visit Peru for a peek of its archaeological star attraction Machu Picchu, but Peru is also a country replete with hidden treasures. One can look past the sight of vistas atop the mountain peaks of one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, and discover more. From the snow-capped mountains in the Andean highlands, across the Pacific coastline, and the history of the Incan civilisation, Peru showcases geographic and cultural diversity. Visitors can choose between a walk through the country's natural reserves and dense forests, a trek across its peaks and giant sand dunes, a stroll across its beaches, or a peek into the lives of the Incas. Below are a few of the experiences one can have in Peru.
Visit Lima, the modern Peru
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Peru's capital city is on the Pacific coast, where one can enjoy the richness of the sea all year long. It features modern restaurants, shopping malls and entertainment venues along with Colonial neighbourhoods and historical museums to discover the traditional side of the city, spending nights full of art, music and fun in bohemian districts.
Lima and the art of good eating
Peru's capital is also the culinary capital of the Americas. Lima has turned into a caldron of flavours due to the variety and wealth of ingredients from the coast, highlands, and rainforest; the blending of ancient and modern cooking techniques; and the fusion of influences from different cultures like the Chinese, the Japanese, the Afro-Peruvian, and the European one resulting in a culinary melting pot that is now an important part of the Peruvian identity. The "trio de cebiches", a fish and seafood based dish, is one of the popular delicacies offered in Lima. Visitors may also watch the dance of the Peruvian paso horse on the outskirts of Lima at the haciendas and fields of the Lurin Valley. This breed of horse with unique characteristics stands out for it particular gait which looks more like a dance step than a horse trot.
Rafting in the Urubamba River, Cusco
This sacred river of the Incas features short rapids of low technical difficulty as well as thundering rapids of greater difficulty and risk.
Tambopata National Reserve in Madre de Dios
This experience is a unique one, starting from the journey from Lima to Puerto Maldonado by air and then continuing the journey by boat through the Amazonian rivers.
Mountain climbing in the Cordillera Blanca in Ancash
This mountain range is home to the highest mountain in Peru: Mount Huascaran (22205 ft). The Huascaran National Park protects the region's flora and fauna as well as the scenic beauty. The place is ideal for expeditions and trekking.
Tombs, pyramids and palaces in Lambayeque and La Libertad
Chan Chan is the largest pre-Hispanic mud city and the former capital of the Chimu culture (850-1470 AD). This sacred site as well as other huacas (sacred structures) and temples such as the archaeological complex El Brujo in Magdalena de Cao, are accessible from the city of Trujillo in La Libertad. The Museum Royal Tombs of Sipan, located in Chiclayo (Lambayeque), displays the gold and silver belongings of a Moche dignitaries (100 – 800 AD) found in a burial site, the start attraction being the tomb of Lord of Sipan; and in Batan Grande is the tomb of Senor de Sican (Lord of Sican) together with group of adobe pyramids from the Lambayeque culture (750 – 1400 AD).
Colca Valley in Arequipa
This is a good spot for watching the condor soar among mountains, which are up to 16,400 ft high, and the sheer cliffs of the Colca Canyon, one of the world's deepest at 13, 648 ft.
Northern beaches of Tumbes and Piura
It is summer all year long on Peru's northern coastline where one can always enjoy the beaches and its famous cuisine. It is a perfect place for watching humpback whales as they migrate to Antarctica from August to October.
Manu National Park in Madre de Dios
It is one of the most important protected area in the country where an enormous variety of bird, mammal, fish, insect, reptile and plant species thrive, many of them endemic.
The Amazon River in Loreto
It is possible to start your trip in Iquitos, sailing down the Amazon River, which originates in Peru, towards the national reserve, an area featuring a tropical rainforest home to a rich flora and fauna which include pink dolphins that are found only in these waters.
Paracas National Reserve and the Ica Desert in Ica
The reserve and the neighbouring Ballestas Islands are home to sea lions, Humboldt penguins, dolphins, flamingos, and other birds. Farther south, you enter into a desert of amazing sand dunes and the Huacachina Oasis.
Explore Pacaya Samiria National Reserve
This is the dream of anyone who loves nature and biodiversity. Cruise down the river and experience "The Jungle of Mirrors" or discover the almost 527 bird species, 102 mammal species, 69 reptile species, 58 amphibian species, 269 fish species, and 1,025 plant species that inhabit the area. Lodges and luxury cruises offer adventures which include jungle treks in the Amazon rainforest, bird-watching, scientific excursions, canoe rides, Pink River dolphin watching, and even piranha fishing excursions. Drinking a glass of champagne in a Bedouin tent in the midst of the Ica desert or enjoying a sunny afternoon in a private country house with access to a spa and thermal waters in a valley in Arequipa are also some of the experiences one can enjoy.
Luxury Amazon cruises
This is a unique opportunity to visit native communities and see exotic Amazonian flora and fauna, all in the comfort of a five-star trip with specialised guides and gourmet food.
Apart from these, Peru several UNESCO World Heritage sites, including Machu Picchu, the historic centres of Lima and Arequipa City, and Manu National Park, which is one of the world's top biodiversity hotspots, home to 1,000 bird species, over 200 species of mammals (100 of which are bats), and over 15,000 species of flowering plants.
Travel Tourism
Unique experiences in Peru beyond Machu&nbspPicchu
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I am writing to all my clients (past and present) to let you know that I am shortly leaving Hear Us and moving on to a new job. Hear Us will continue to provide Welfare Support but as yet, we are unsure as to what format the project will take.
I understand that for some people whom I am currently working with, this might cause some anxiety and I would urge you to contact our coordinator for further advice (Tim Oldham – office phone number: 020 8681 6888). You may decide to seek Welfare advice from another service and Tim will provide the contact details for Welfare Advice Services in Croydon.
If you are waiting for a tribunal date – please do remember to let the Tribunal service know that your representative has changed. If your paperwork is at our office and you do not have copies, please do come and collect it in plenty of time (but phone the office first to make sure that a staff member is there to unlock the files).
I have had the pleasure of working with some of you for a short time and others for many years. I want to take this opportunity to thank you for sharing your difficulties with me and allowing me to work with you. Each and every one of you has taught me so much.


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Wednesday, Feb 23 2005
Researchers Working To Develop Treatments for Patients Initially Infected With Drug-Resistant HIV Strains
Researchers are developing treatments for HIV/AIDS patients initially infected with drug-resistant strains of HIV because such cases often are "harder to treat" than cases in which the virus mutates and becomes resistant over time in response to antiretroviral treatment, the Wall Street Journal reports. Dr. Douglas Richman, professor of medicine at the University of California-San Diego, at the 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Boston on Tuesday said that the majority of patients with drug resistance that developed in response to antiretroviral treatment often respond to medications following a "pause in treatment," according to the Journal . However, previous studies have shown that people initially infected with drug-resistant HIV strains tend to retain the same resistance even after three or four years of observation, Richman said, the Journal reports. Richman added that these patients also are more likely to transmit HIV to sexual or drug-using partners soon after infection when their viral load rises and they are unaware of their HIV-positive status. "Transmitting resistance through risky behavior that is often anonymous happens far too often," Richman said, adding, "People who are acutely infected and highly infectious are driving this epidemic." According to UCSD researcher Dr. Robert Schooley, researchers must aim for complete suppression of HIV -- usually defined as a viral load of less than 20 to 50 copies per milliliter of blood -- in order to prevent the virus from developing drug resistance. In the United States, about 33% of HIV/AIDS patients receive treatment that leads to such suppression, but of the approximately 67% of remaining patients, 48% have virus that will develop resistance to two classes of drugs and 13% will develop resistance to three drug classes, according to Richman. At the conference, which ends Friday, several pharmaceutical companies are expected to discuss research on new classes of antiretrovirals to fight drug-resistant HIV, the Journal reports (Chase, Wall Street Journal , 2/23).