IP adoption is growing around the world and Daisy Worldwide has been looking for robust networking solutions that can help them connect the world's communications hubs. They want the efficiency and scalability of IP but also guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE).
Daisy Worldwide has partnered with Epsilon, a privately owned global communications service provider and an independent provider of IT infrastructure and managed services to deliver its Intelligent Network eXchange (eINX) solution.
Epsilon has recognised these challenges and developed its eINX to deliver end-to-end performance across the globe using real-time data and analytics. New visibility into network services from the transport to application layer is critical to success in IP networking with new intelligence unlocking the potential of IP-based services.
Daisy Worldwide recognise the benefits of Epsilon's eINX solution and has selected it to connect with customers and partners in their local regions whilst ensuring network performance on a global scale. Daisy customers and partners will now benefit from guaranteed QoS and QoE end-to-end across this global footprint. They are also able to use intelligent routing to drive efficiency and performance with the ability to deliver IP-based services with confidence.
Daisy Worldwide see this product enhancement as a further step in the continued investment into their partner solution.
Daisy Worldwide wanted the scalability and efficiency of IP but with quality and reliability that exceeds what is available on TDM. Its customers and partners continue to adopt IP-based services and they needed to be prepared to scale networks to offer increased reliability on our global voice solutions.
In addition, Daisy Worldwide wanted to leverage new intelligent networking models to improve efficiency and performance in local markets.
Daisy Worldwide has customers and partners that span across the US, Europe and Asia. As part of their continued development and investment for their customer offering, they are always looking at ways to which they can link global communications hubs with trustworthy IP networks.
Daisy Worldwide believes performance and efficiency are paramount to serve growing demands from new customers and partners across these regions. eINX's delivery of reliable and top quality global solutions is now a key differentiator in this global offering.
Daisy Worldwide is part of Daisy Group which is one of the UK's largest independent providers of IT infrastructure and managed services, with 60,000 direct customers, 1,500 partners, 3,700 employees, and 30 locations nationwide. Daisy Worldwide supports a variety of the largest enterprises globally with end-to-end voice and managed services solutions.
Daisy Worldwide has partnered with Epsilon to deliver intelligent networks to connect New York, London, Singapore and Hong Kong. The eINX solution was designed specifically to address the need for high-performance IP networking on a global scale and Daisy felt it was the best solution for their business.
Epsilon has combined its more than 600 pre-connected carrier relationships with its own bespoke networking technology to offer global intelligent networks. It has developed and deployed its own next-generation session border controller (SBC)- Orchid One. Orchid One delivers real-time network data and analytics that enables service providers to troubleshoot network issues as they happen.
With Orchid One, Epsilon gains real-time insights into each session, service, application, MOS/R-factor scores, network and end-to-end SLAs. This gives it real-time insights into network performance that supports the best QoS and QoE possible. Daisy Worldwide benefits from a flexible and powerful solution that guarantees performance on its network.
By using Epsilon's intelligent routing capabilities, Daisy partners can now benefit from regional breakout and traffic in-region creating new networking efficiencies and offering users high QoE. Traffic does not need to be routed back to the Daisy Worldwide home market, instead, it can be managed locally. This decreases latency and offers greater efficiency in network management.
Intelligent networks have emerged as a true differentiator for service providers globally. They can compete on performance while driving new efficiency in the operations. We are seeing an increasing demand for intelligent networks because they change what is possible on IP networks.
Epsilon understands what it takes to be successful in an IP-centric world. It delivers intelligent networking solutions that go beyond the traditional approach. With eINX, we are ready to efficiently grow and scale our business around the world with performance that customers and partners can appreciate.
As Daisy Worldwide continues to grow its international business, eINX is ready to scale to meet growing demands for IP. Its pay-per-use model has been designed to enable efficient growth and the ability to serve rapidly growing demand. Daisy Worldwide is equipped with intelligent networks that can offer quality at scale and are ready to flex to meet changing demands.
Epsilon's intelligent networking solutions are constantly being refined with Orchid One consistently delivering new advances in network data and analytics. Orchid One's real-time QoS analysis engine and machine learning algorithms grow in strength as it captures data across Epsilon's network.
Daisy Worldwide will benefit from Epsilon's approach to intelligent networks in the long-term as it is continually evolving to optimise changing network environments.


Monopolies can come into existence for reasons that are beneficial to consumers: for example, perhaps a monopoly has patent protection for an innovative new product, or perhaps economies of scale allow a big company to sell at a cheaper price. However, once the monopoly is in place, it then has incentives to increase its profits by raising prices for consumers. Thus, the ongoing challenge of antitrust law is to encourage behaviors that are beneficial to consumers. like innovation and economies of scale, while offering consumers some protection from the price-fixing power of monopolies. This story has of course played itself out numerous times in US economic history, from the trusts and "robber barons" of the late 19th century to more recent arguments about IBM, Microsoft, and the most recent batch of high-tech giants.
But these issues of the benefits and costs of monopoly behavior have a much longer historical pedigree. One prominent example is the situation that had arisen in Germany in the 1520s. It's described in some detail in "Social Reform and the Reformation," by Jacob Salwyn Schapiro, which was published in 1909 in a series of volumes edited by the Columbia University Political Science Department alled Studies in History Economics and Public Law (Volume XXXIV, number 2). Here I'll focus on the story that Schapiro tells in "Chapter 1: The Growth of Monopolies."
The end of the fifteenth century witnessed Germany's high noon of prosperity. Old and insignificant towns like Augsburg Nuremberg and Ulm blossomed forth into wealthy and populous cities. The great merchants vied with princes and kings in magnificence and luxury. Their gardens palaces and entertainments were the envy of the poorer nobility. Aeneas Sylvius writing in 1458 says: "We proclaim it aloud Germany has never been richer or more prosperous than to-day. She takes the lead of all other nations in wealth and power One can say truly that God has favored this land above all others On all sides are seen cultivated farms cornfields and vineyards and gardens Everywhere are great buildings, walled cities and well-to-do farmers." Jacob Wimpheling, the famous humanist, declared fifty years later that Germany was never more prosperous than to day and she owes it chiefly to the untiring industry and energy of her people artisans as well as merchants. The peasants too are rich and prosperous." The desire for wealth became the all absorbing passion and we find the popular preacher Martin Butzer denouncing the materialistic spirit of the time. "All the world," he says, "is running after those trades and occupations that will bring the most gain. The study of the arts and sciences is set aside for the basest kind of manual work. All the clever heads, which have been endowed by God with capacity for the nobler studies are engrossed by commerce, which nowadays is so saturated with dishonesty that it is the last sort of business an honorable man ought to engage in." The headquarters of German capitalism was the city of Augsburg which because of its situation acted as a distributing center for all Eastern goods received from both Lisbon and Venice.
The wealthier merchants quickly took advantage of this condition and organized themselves into associations or "companies." At first they united for the purpose of buying and transporting in common in order to reduce expenses; but very soon they united for the purpose of selling as well. These associations quickly developed into monopolistic combines that controlled the entire Asiatic trade in and arbitrarily fixed the prices of all Eastern articles. The small merchant found himself crowded to the wall. All methods familiar to monopoly everywhere and at all times were used to drive him out of business.
The Diet of Nuremberg complained in 1522: "The companies take special care to monopolize those spices that are most needed. If one company is not rich enough it associates itself with another and so gets the article in its hands. If a poor merchant desires to deal in these wares, the companies are immediately at his throat. They are able to ruin him, because having more money and more goods, they are able to sell cheaper and give longer credit .... The companies are responsible for lessened business. To-day, there is one great concern with many branches where formerly there were twenty independent merchants ..."
The Landtag of the Austrian hereditary dominions at Innsbruck in 1518 declared: "The great companies have monopolized all things and are not to be borne any longer. All sorts of merchandise-- silver, copper, steel, iron, linen, sugar, spices, corn, cattle, wine, meat, tallow. and leather--have fallen into their hands Through their money power, they have become so strong, that no merchant having less than 10,000 florins is able to compete with them. They raise prices arbitrarily when it is to their advantage and as a result their incomes are as great as those of princes. They are a great harm to our land."
The tensions created by these monopoly powers were then heightened by an enormous rise in the overall price level. Schapiro writes: "During the first quarter of the sixteenth century there occurred a most remarkable revolution in prices. Every article foreign and domestic rose enormously in some cases one hundred per cent and over Naturally the monopolies were blamed by all classes for this extraordinary advance in the prices of the necessities of life." As he is also quick to note, monopoly is not the only cause here, and may not have been the primary cause. For example, there were wartime shortages resulting from the conflict between Venice and the League of Cambray. There was also an enormous increase in the volume of currency in circulation, with large increases in silver and copper production in Germany and Hungary, as well as imported silver from the new world by Spain.
"The companies have done more injury to the common man than all the highwaymen and thieves put together yet the monopolists and their associates strut about in all the magnificence and luxury that wealth can buy. ... We have already given reasons why the great companies should be destroyed but that does not mean that all business associations should be done away with. Such a course would be foolish and harmful to the whole German people, for the following reasons: In the first place, it would give the foreigners an opportunity to take over our business and then the companies could exploit Germany at will. Secondly, if we permitted only single individuals to trade, failure would be sure to result, which would be avoided by permitting associations of moderate size only. This, too, would give an opportunity to an individual who possesses great capital to do exactly what a company does and yet be within the law. Finally, a single individual cannot go to many places for goods and he cannot afford to hire agents as this costs money Therefore the foreign companies will have a great advantage over the German merchant."
I. Companies are not to be capitalized for more than fifty thousand gulden and are to have only three branches. A statement of its membership and business must be filed with the government.
II. The profits must be divided every two years and the authorities notified of the fact.
III. No money may be loaned at usurious rates of interest.
IV. No commodity shall be entirely under one control.
V. No merchant shall buy during a single quarter of a year more than 100 cwt. of pepper, 100 cwt. of ginger, and 50 cwt. of other spices.
VI. The companies shall not impose a minimum selling price.
VII. The government shall regulate the prices of wares because the companies secretly agree to raise prices.
VIII. Each article imported shall be taxed by the imperial government a fixed sum on the hundredweight.
IX. Voyaging to Portugal is to be forbidden because of too much speculation there and the king of that country is to be asked to send the spices into Germany.
Whatever the merits and demerits of these rules, they made little difference. This early round of the anti-monopoly battles was won by the monopolists. As Schapiro explains: "In spite of the denunciations, petitions, laws, and decrees, the monopolies were not seriously disturbed. The vast wealth of the great companies, the political importance of the cities which they controlled, the weakness of the central government and the intimate relations of the merchants with the governing powers, were proof against all laws aimed at them."


Brazilian Boot Camp is a mixture of dance, Capoeira and fitness. Classes will take place on Tuesdays by Spanda as part of Fitness February.
Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art that combines dance, kicks, acrobatics, music, singing and percussion woven into one fun and amazing activity for everyone. Capoeira teaches balance, flexibility, strength, agility, confidence, co-ordination, fitness and is a lot of fun. Classes aim to bring the spirit of tropical Brazil with its beaches, favelas and festivals to Perth, as a perfect compliment to our WA lifestyle.
Bring your own water bottle and towel. Class capacity is 40 participants. No bookings required.


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Q: jquery: how do I check there is a fragment on the url when I click the browser's back button I know there are plenty of plugins can archive this, but I think I want to make a simple one for learning purposes because I have come this far that I can change the url with location.hash when I load an ajax page.
Now I only need to find out - how do I use simply jquery to check there is a fragment on the url when I click back button on the browser?
I came across this simple concept but it works only if I ciick the browser refresh button but not the back button,
$(document).ready(function(){

if(window.location.hash) {

    // Fragment exists

    var hash = location.hash;
    alert(hash);

  } else {
    // Fragment doesn't exist
  }

});

Can you please give me some guide?
Thanks.

A: You are looking for the hashchange event. But it is not supported the well by older browsers which is why all the plugins exist.  Check out the code of Ben Alman's hashchange event plugin to see how it supports all the fun quirks of different browsers:
https://github.com/cowboy/jquery-hashchange/blob/master/jquery.ba-hashchange.js

A: JQuery has a means of simulating hashchange event for older browsers too - basically it works by polling the URL. You might also want to think about what you want to do with redirects e.g. for authentication) See http://tshrestha.blogspot.com/2013/05/hash-bang-url-fragments-and-http.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Yuan Quan
Yuan Quan is a Chinese actress. Born on October 16, 1977, she made her acting debut in the 1998 film "Rhapsody of Spring." She has appeared in many popular films and television dramas since, including the recent drama "The First Half of My Life" (2017). Yuan Quan is married to actor Xia Yu.
Oct 16, 1977 (age 44)
Chinese Doctors
The Wasted Times
Related Celebrities
Xia Yu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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L'histoire de l'armée de terre australienne décrit les événements ayant affecté l'armée de terre de l'Australie depuis le retrait des forces militaires britanniques en 1870.

Les deux armées : la Milice et les forces permanentes (1870-1947)
Pendant les 80 ans qui ont suivi la première implantation d'une colonie britannique en Australie, les seuls soldats professionnels en Australie furent des membres d'unités de l'Armée britannique.

Le premier conflit dans lequel un grand nombre de soldats nés en Australie ont combattu outre-mer a été les guerres maories entre 1863 et 1872, bien que la quasi-totalité des 2 500 hommes aient servi dans les unités coloniales néo-zélandaises ou même plus simplement dans l'armée britannique.

Lorsque les unités britanniques ont été retirés en 1870, les six colonies australiennes avaient déjà leur propres unités de réserve, des volontaires employés à temps partiel, connues sous le nom de milice ou de « volontaires » (volunteers). Les gouvernements coloniaux ont commencé à former des unités d'artillerie professionnelles pour servir dans les batteries côtières. À partir de 1877, des officiers britanniques furent envoyés pour conseiller les colonies sur les questions de défense et, au début des années 1880, la première conférence inter-coloniale de défense fut organisée.

Au cours de l'année 1885, le gouvernement de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud envoya un bataillon d'infanterie, d'artillerie et des unités d'appui pour la courte campagne britannique au Soudan.

Au cours de la dépression économique du début des années 1890, les grandes grèves dans les diverses colonies ont obligé les gouvernements à mobiliser et à menacer de recourir à la milice contre les grévistes. Ces décisions ont été très impopulaires et a conduit au succès historiquement important des campagnes contre la formation de forces régulières. Un  système « à deux armées » fut créé, avec des unités d'infanterie qui formeraient la milice, alors que l'artillerie et les autres unités de soutien restaient dans les forces armées permanentes.

Comme la création du Commonwealth d'Australie approchait, le  les unités d'artillerie furent fusionnées pour former la première unité de l'armée fédérale australienne.

Guerre des Boers (1899-1902)
Avant la création du Commonwealth d'Australie et la formation d'une armée nationale, les six gouvernements coloniaux australiens, autonomes et indépendants, envoyèrent des contingents en Afrique du Sud pour servir dans la deuxième guerre des Boers.

Le Queensland, le premier proposa, en , quelques mois avant la déclaration de guerre de fournir un détachement de 250 hommes pour soutenir la Grande-Bretagne dans une guerre qu'il sentait imminente. En parallèle, le gouvernement britannique demanda aux gouvernements de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud et du Victoria d'envoyer des soldats en Afrique du Sud.

Les premiers soldats à partir furent ceux de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud qui arrivèrent en Afrique en . Un autre détachement, parti d'Australie en  et connu comme le Australian Regiment, fut une unité d'infanterie, composée principalement de volontaires des colonies du Victoria, Tasmanie, Australie-Méridionale et Australie-Occidentale, qui a arriva sur un seul navire au Cap en . En raison de la façon dont la guerre devait se dérouler, ces troupes furent converties de l'infanterie en infanterie montée, troupes se déplaçant à cheval mais combattant à pied.

Devant la forte résistance des forces Boers, les britanniques furent conduits à recruter davantage dans les colonies australiennes. Connus sous le nom de Bushmen, ces soldats étaient généralement des bénévoles très compétents en équitation et au tir mais sans expérience militaire. Après la création de la Fédération australienne, le , huit nouveaux bataillons montés australiens furent envoyés.

Bon nombre d'unités australiennes ont eu une courte période de service et certaines ont fait l'objet de restructuration. Les unités australiennes furent souvent incorporées dans des unités multinationales, telles que la Bushveldt Carbineers, dans laquelle servirent Harry "Breaker" Morant et Peter Hancock avant de passer en cour martiale et d'être fusillés pour crimes de guerre.

Les unités australiennes servirent dans des actions remarquables comme les batailles de Sunnyside, Slingersfontein, Rose Hill, les sièges de l'Eland's River, Rhenosterkop et Haartebeestefontein. Les Australiens participèrent à la prise de Johannesburg et pénétrèrent les premiers dans Pretoria. Plus tard, les 11 et , ils participèrent à la bataille de Diamond Hill.

En tout, 16 175 Australiens, avec 16 314 chevaux, servirent dans la guerre des Boers; 251 furent tués au combat, 267 sont morts pour d'autres raisons et 43 ont été portés disparus en action. Six croix de Victoria ont été attribuées à des membres des contingents australiens. Beaucoup d'Australiens ne prolongèrent pas leur service armé, un certain nombre restèrent après la guerre et s'installèrent dans le pays, tandis que d'autres, après être retournés en Australie, revinrent en Afrique du Sud.

1901-1914

Pendant que la guerre des Boers faisait rage, le Commonwealth d'Australie fut créé le . Le ,  répartis en  de métier, 18 603 miliciens payés et 8 863 bénévoles, furent transférés à la nouvelle armée australienne. Toutefois, les unités ont continué d'être administrées individuellement selon les différentes anciennes lois coloniales. Le général britannique Sir Edward Hutton, ancien commandant des forces militaires de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, devint le premier commandant des Forces du Commonwealth le  et se mit au travail pour élaborer un statut intégré pour la nouvelle armée.

La Loi sur la défense de 1903 (Defence Act of 1903) regroupa toutes les unités soue le même système de lois. Ce système interdisait d'augmenter les effectifs de l'infanterie et précisait que les milices ne pouvaient pas être utilisées dans les conflits syndicaux ni servir en dehors de l'Australie. La grande majorité des soldats restèrent dans les unités de la milice, maintenant connue sous le nom de Citizen Military Forces (Forces armées des citoyens) ou CMF.

En 1911, deux modifications importantes furent apportées à la loi à la suite d'un rapport de Lord Kitchener : la création du collège militaire royal de Duntroon et la mise en route d'un système de service national universel obligatoire: les garçons de 12 à 18 ans devenaient des cadets, et les hommes âgés de 18 à 26 devaient servir dans les CMF.

Première Guerre mondiale
Lorsque le Royaume-Uni déclara la guerre à l'Allemagne au début de la Première Guerre mondiale, le gouvernement australien suivit sans hésitation. Cette décision était attendue par la population australienne, en raison, à l'époque, du très grand nombre de citoyens australiens nés là-bas ou de citoyens de première génération anglo-australiens. À la fin de la guerre, près de 20 % de des membres des forces australiennes étaient nés au Royaume-Uni, même si presque tous s'étaient engagés comme Australiens en Australie.

Parce que les milices existantes n'avaient pas le droit de servir outre-mer, un groupement expéditionnaire de volontaires, l'Australian Imperial Force (AIF) fut créé à partir du . Le gouvernement australien s'engagea à fournir , partagés entre une division d'infanterie, une brigade de cavalerie et des unités de soutien. Le premier commandant de l'AIF fut le général William Bridges, qui prit également le commandement de la division d'infanterie.

Toutefois, la première cible d'action pour l'Australie se trouva à proximité du pays; ce fut de s'emparer des avant-postes coloniaux allemands dans le Sud-Ouest du Pacifique et en Nouvelle-Guinée. Une force de  fut réunie à cette fin. Connu sous le nom de Force expéditionnaire navale et terrestre australienne (Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (AN&MEF (AN & MEF)), elle débarqua en Nouvelle-Guinée près de Rabaul le  et après quelques combats, la garnison allemande capitula le 21 septembre.

Partie d'Australie-Occidentale le , l'AIF fut d'abord envoyée en Égypte sous contrôle britannique à l'époque pour anticiper toute attaque de l'Empire ottoman et en vue d'ouvrir un nouveau front contre les puissances centrales. L'AIF disposait de quatre brigades d'infanterie. Les trois premières composaient la  division. La  brigade rejoignit la seule brigade d'infanterie de Nouvelle-Zélande pour former la division de Nouvelle-Zélande et d'Australie.

Le corps d'armée combiné d'Australie et de Nouvelle-Zélande (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC Corps)) formé au départ des deux divisions précédentes et commandé par le général britannique William Birdwood, entra en action lorsque les forces alliées débarquées sur la péninsule de Gallipoli, le  (maintenant commémoré comme l'Anzac Day). La bataille de Gallipoli dura huit mois et fut un échec sanglant. À la fin de la campagne, les Australiens avaient eu  et  ou malades. Le contingent initial avait continué de croître avec l'arrivée de la  division australienne qui avait été formée en Égypte avant de se rendre à Gallipoli, en août.

Après le retrait de Gallipoli, l'infanterie connut une expansion importante avec les deux  premières divisions  qui furent divisées en deux pour créer deux autres divisions (les  et ). La  division formée en Australie fut envoyée en France. Les brigades de cavalerie servirent dans l'infanterie à Gallipoli. En 1916, elles récupérèrent leurs chevaux et formèrent les divisions de cavalerie en Égypte avant d'aller combattre les forces turques dans le Sinaï et en Palestine. L'Australie a également fourni la majorité des troupes de la nouvelle brigade impériale de chamellerie.

La première division australienne à faire le baptême du feu sur le front occidental fut la  division qui fut jetée sans préparation dans la futile bataille de Fromelles, une mesure de diversion de la bataille de la Somme qui coûta à la division  pour rien. Les ,  et  comme l'Anzac Corps, participèrent à la bataille de Pozières et la bataille de la ferme du Mouquet au cours de la bataille de la Somme. En Égypte, la brigade de cavalerie aida à repousser la tentative turque de capture du canal de Suez lors de la bataille de Romani.

Au cours de l'année 1917, les cinq divisions combattirent en France dans trois offensives alliées: la bataille de Bullecourt (qui fit partie de la bataille d'Arras), la bataille de Messines et de la troisième bataille d'Ypres. Pendant ce temps, la cavalerie australienne était entrée au sud de la Palestine. Après deux tentatives pour briser la défense turque de la bande de Gaza, la victoire décisive vint lors de la troisième bataille de Gaza au cours de laquelle les Australiens prirent la ville de Beersheba dans une dramatique charge de cavalerie. À la fin de l'année, les forces britanniques avaient capturé Jérusalem.

L'offensive allemande du printemps 1918 éclata par l'assaut des lignes britanniques au sud de la Somme. Les Australiens furent appelés pour mettre fin à l'avance allemande de l'est d'Amiens au cours de la bataille de Villers-Bretonneux. Dans le cadre des préparatifs pour les contre-offensives britanniques, le corps d'armée australien nouvellement formé commandé par le général John Monash, combattit à la bataille du Hamel, largement considérée comme la meilleure mise en œuvre de la stratégie militaire sur le front occidental. La dernière offensive alliée commença avec la bataille d'Amiens, le , et les divisions australiennes avec le corps d'armée canadien, furent le fer de lance de l'avance au sud de la Somme. Fin septembre, les divisions australiennes étaient gravement diminuées, avec seulement les  et  (reconstruite) divisions jugées aptes à continuer l'action. Le , le corps australien fut mis au repos et ne reprit pas les combats jusqu'à la fin de la guerre.

Au Moyen-Orient, la cavalerie passa l'été dans la vallée du Jourdain avant la première offensive britannique lors de la dernière bataille de Megiddo. Le  régiment de cavalerie fut la première unité alliée à atteindre Damas.

Un total de 331 814 Australiens ont été envoyés à l'étranger pour servir dans le cadre de l'AIF, ce qui représentait 13 % de la population masculine d'origine européenne. Quelque 2 100 femmes ont servi avec le  AIF, principalement des infirmières. 18 % (61 859) combattants qui ont servi dans l'AIF ont été tués. Le pourcentage de victimes (tués ou blessés) était de 64 %, ce qui semble le pourcentage le plus élevé de tous les pays qui ont pris part à la Première Guerre mondiale. Ce taux d'accidents a été favorisé par un perpétuel manque d'entraînement des seuls volontaires qui firent partie de ces forces pour la durée de la guerre, l'Australie étant le seul dominion britannique à agir ainsi. Deux référendums sur la conscription furent rejetés, et le volontariat continua d'être appliqué, mais avec beaucoup de difficultés de recrutements à la fin de la guerre. L'AIF a également eu un taux de désertion les plus élevés de tous les pays, principalement parce que la peine de mort n'était pas en vigueur. Il est également important de rappeler en ce qui concerne cette statistique que la grande majorité des déserteurs rentraient volontairement dans leur unité, à la différence de ceux des autres armées.

1919 - 1939

Après la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, l'armée australienne connut une réduction spectaculaire de ses forces armées. Il restait encore un grand nombre de postes de volontaires à pourvoir mais, en raison de la Grande Dépression, les postes vacants furent rapidement pourvus, car c'était des emplois stables et relativement bien rémunérés.

Le contingent de soldats envoyés en Grande-Bretagne pour le couronnement du roi George VI, en 1937, fut le premier détachement australien à monter la garde royale, à Londres.

Seconde Guerre mondiale
Lorsque la guerre éclata entre la Grande-Bretagne et l'Allemagne en 1939, l'Australie a une population de 6,8 millions d'habitants. L'armée de terre dispose de moins de  et de  partiellement entraînés.

Le  groupement expéditionnaire (2 AIF) fut formé pour combattre en France. Il était composé de quatre divisions recrutées en 1939 et 1940: les , ,  et  divisions. C'est le général Thomas Blamey qui en fut nommé commandant en chef.

Le service militaire obligatoire fut réintroduit: tous les hommes de plus de 21 ans durent suivre une formation militaire de trois mois avec les milices. Toutefois, afin d'assurer la défense du pays, les membres des milices furent empêchés de s'engager dans le corps expéditionnaire.

Après que les forces britanniques se sont retirées de France face à la Blitzkrieg allemande, les ,  et  divisions, comme le  corps d'armée, furent envoyés en Égypte. Dès la fin de 1940, les divisions firent face individuellement aux forces allemandes ou italiennes en Afrique du Nord durant la guerre du désert. La  division eut ensuite de nombreuses victimes en Grèce et en Crète, et  de ses membres furent faits prisonniers lors de cette campagne. Le  division fut à la base du succès de l'invasion du Liban et de la Syrie contrôlé par les troupes du gouvernement français de Vichy en 1941. La  division et une partie de la  jouèrent un  important et célèbre rôle défensif lors du siège de Tobrouk.

En 1941, le gouvernement australien commença à lever une 1 division blindée, dans le cadre de groupement expéditionnaire.

Comme la crainte d'une guerre avec l'empire du Japon augmentait, la plus grande partie de la  division fut envoyée à Singapour pour renforcer la garnison britannique et les autres bataillons furent déployés dans les îles au nord de l'Australie, à Rabaul, Ambon et au Timor. À la suite d'une courte mais sanglante campagne en Malaisie et dans les îles environnantes, la quasi-totalité de la  division fut perdue, lorsque les forces japonaises beaucoup plus puissantes balayèrent l'Asie du Sud-Est, au début de l'année 1942. À l'automne, rien qu'à Singapour, plus de  australiens furent faits prisonniers. Les  et  divisions furent rappelées en Australie, le pays voulant pouvoir faire face à la perspective d'une invasion. Bien que Winston Churchill ait demandé que les deux divisions soient envoyées en Birmanie, le premier ministre australien John Curtin refusa d'accéder à cette demande, mais il autorisa deux brigades de la  division à rester à Ceylan où elles participèrent à la défense de l'île au cours des premiers mois de 1942.

Blamey fut nommé commandant en chef des forces australiennes en ; au mois d'avril, il réorganisa grandement toute l'armée : le nom de Première-Armée qui, auparavant, faisait référence à une formation de la milice, fut attribué au I corps, qui fut porté à la taille d'une armée par l'inclusion de divisions de la milice. Au début; la 1 Armée de terre eut la responsabilité de la défense du Queensland et du nord de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud. La seconde armée fut chargée du sud-est de l'Australie ; les autres composantes de la défense de l'Australie furent le III corps (en Australie-Occidentale), le groupement du Territoire du Nord et celui de Nouvelle-Guinée. La conscription fut effectivement appliquée au milieu de 1942, lorsque tous les hommes de 18 à 35 ans, et les célibataires de 35 à 45 ans, durent faire partie de la milice. En outre, les forces blindées furent largement développées. L'effectif de l'armée de terre au  est de .

En , un changement dans les règlements indiqua que, si 75 % de l'effectif d'une unité de la milice était volontaire pour faire partie d'un groupement expéditionnaire, l'unité passait dans l'AIF. À l'époque, les éléments de la milice étaient souvent méprisés parce qu'ils ne participaient pas à la lutte contre l'ennemi à l'étranger. Néanmoins, les unités de la milice s'étaient distinguées et avaient subi des pertes extrêmement importantes en 1942, en Nouvelle-Guinée, qui était alors un territoire australien. L'exemple le plus marquant fut le  bataillon de la milice, formé en très grande majorité d'éléments très jeunes, non qualifiés et mal équipés, qui se distinguèrent et subirent de lourdes pertes, dans leur obstinée lutte d'arrière-garde sur la piste de Kokoda.

À la fin de 1942, la  division commença à soulager la milice en Nouvelle-Guinée. En août, alors que les batailles de la piste de Kokoda faisaient rage, les unités de la milice et la  division formèrent la majeure partie des forces australiennes qui, lors de la bataille de la baie de Milne, infligèrent purement et simplement leur première défaite aux forces terrestres japonaises. Les  et  divisions, avec des unités de la milice et des éléments de la 1 armée blindée, formèrent une grande partie des forces alliées qui détruisirent les principales tête de pont japonais en Nouvelle-Guinée, lors de la bataille de Buna-Gona.

En 1943, la loi sur la défense fut modifiée afin de permettre aux unités de la milice de servir au nord de l'équateur, en Asie du Sud-Est.

La  division resta en Afrique du Nord et s'y distingua lors de la seconde bataille d'El Alamein puis, après que la victoire sur Rommel fut assurée, retourna en Australie en 1943. Cette même année, elle fut envoyée dans la bataille contre les forces japonaises en Nouvelle-Guinée.

Le général Douglas MacArthur, commandant suprême des forces alliées dans le Pacifique Sud-Ouest, fut chargé de superviser les forces australiennes. Après la reddition des forces alliées aux Philippines, les forces terrestres australiennes représentèrent la presque quasi-totalité des forces terrestres du général MacArthur. Cependant, lorsque les forces américaines furent reconstituées, les forces australiennes furent de plus en plus utilisées pour des missions secondaires. La campagne de Bougainville après le départ des forces américaines en est considérée comme un exemple parfait.

La 1 armée eut la responsabilité des opérations de nettoyage et de contrôle des zones qui bordaient celles traversées par les forces américaines lors de leur progression d'île en île vers le Japon. Les unités australiennes furent également responsables de la dernière phase des opérations amphibies au cours de la guerre du Pacifique: les attaques contre l'île de Bornéo occupée par les japonais, y compris Tarakan, Brunei, Sabah, Balikpapan et d'autres objectifs au Sarawak.

Pendant ce temps, les prisonniers australiens du Japon, étaient souvent détenus dans des conditions inhumaines, comme à la prison de Changi, ou au Japon lui-même. Certains ont également été soumis à un travail forcé sévère, comme la construction d'une voie de chemin de fer en Birmanie, ou forcer à faire des marches sur de longues distances comme sur Sandakan. Il y eut un très haut taux de mortalité parmi les prisonniers alliés des Japonais.

Une invasion de l'île japonaise de Honshu fut planifiée en 1946, l'opération Coronet, qui aurait probablement inclus la  division australienne, formée à partir d'éléments prélevés dans le reste de l'armée. Toutefois, les attaques nucléaires sur Hiroshima et Nagasaki, provoquèrent la reddition du Japon sans que l'invasion ne soit nécessaire.

Le service militaire obligatoire prit fin en 1945, la plupart du personnel fut démobilisé à la fin de 1946.

Sur plus de  pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, près de  en dehors de l'Australie. Plus de ,  et plus de  faits prisonniers de guerre.

Les chiffres pour l'armée de terre au  étant de :
  ;
  ;
  ;
 .

L'occupation du Japon
La force d'occupation du Commonwealth britannique (British Commonwealth Occupation Force ou BCOF), qui regroupait les armées australiennes, britanniques, indiennes et néo-zélandaises occupa le Japon du  jusqu'à la fin de l'occupation en 1952.

Globalement, les Australiens composèrent de loin la plus grande proportion de la BCOF. À son apogée, la BCOF compta , soit environ 10 % du personnel militaire américain au Japon.

Le contingent de l'armée australienne fut centré au départ autour de la  brigade d'infanterie, qui avait été formée à partir de volontaires de la milice et de l'armée sur Morotai à la fin de 1945. Les trois bataillons de la brigade furent rebaptisés par la suite pour former le Royal Australian Regiment en 1947. Le commandement de la BCOF a toujours été assuré par un officier de l'armée australienne.

Alors que les forces américaines étaient responsables du gouvernement militaire, la BCOF fut chargée de superviser la démilitarisation et l'élimination du matériel de guerre japonais. La  BCOF fut également responsable de l'occupation de préfectures de Shimane, Yamaguchi, Tottori, Okayama, Hiroshima et de l'île de Shikoku. Le siège de la BCOF était à Kure.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

 Histoire de l'armée de l'air australienne

Articles connexes
 Armée de terre australienne (Australian Army)
 Histoire militaire de l'Australie pendant la Première Guerre mondiale

Histoire militaire de l'Australie
Australian Army

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text: 2. Fund a campaign to raise the social status of home care workers Rationale: Low social status is widely recognized as a major barrier to the adoption of advanced roles in home care. The public does not see this work as specialized, and therefore has not fought for better working conditions and wages. Clinicians do not view these workers as team members. And family members of clients, who generally serve as an intermediary between the client and health care team, do not necessarily trust the care worker to communicate directly with health care teams. Campaigns to raise the status of workers have been successful in other fields. Community health workers (CHWs) have fought to advance their own agenda and are now widely respected, and their employment has vastly expanded. A public relations campaign was developed by Johnson and Johnson to elevate the public's perceptions of nursing with extraordinary success. Aims: This recommendation includes two parts, which could be implemented together or separately. The first is to assess the history of a similar occupation with low status in healthcare that has been able to change public perceptions and advance integration with the health care teams: CHWs. The second is to study the lessons of the Johnson and Johnson campaign and to use these and the CHW findings to plan and conduct a public relations campaign that aims to elevate perceptions of home care worker value among families, clinicians, employers, and workers themselves. The campaign could also identify ways to engage the public in organizing to promote HCWs. 7.2. Program Pilots These two recommendations seek to convince local healthcare leaders of homecare's opportunities for growth. The first focuses on health systems, likely an Accountable Care Organization (ACO) that includes dual-eligible and SNFs. The second focuses on home care agencies. 3. Develop a pilot program to help a large health system (or community health center) in rural counties to expand their business to acquire or grow their own homecare and home health care offerings . 4. Rationale : Our review suggests that among the most important barriers to advanced roles with higher wages are 1) the fragmentation of the home care and home health industry and 2) the small size of most firms. Both constrain the goal of developing economies of scale that allow for investments in the workforce and standards for its diversification of roles. This is especially problematic in rural areas, where workers must travel further to get to clients (cost for the company and for worker) and where there are especially severe shortages of workers. Additionally, all of the experts interviewed argued that integration of home care workers with the health system is a major goal, such that the care team benefits from home workers report


David Benson was admitted to the South Carolina Bar in 1984. He focuses on solving the problems that injured workers have with their employers and workers' compensation insurance companies. He has had a successful workers' compensation practice for 25 years. David became a Circuit Court Mediator in 2014.
Denied workers' compensation case over reporting a repetitive trauma injury. Lost at first and second hearing. Won in Court of Common Pleas and affirmed by Court of Appeals. This landmark case changed how repetitive trauma cases are to be reported.


Leader's Meetings occur every 3rd Wednesday of the month in the Lawrence Barn at 7 to 8:30pm.
Looking for things for your girls to do? Check out the age appropriate activities page under Fun for Girls. There's a Girl Scout scavenger hunt as well as a word search!


On behalf of everyone at the Head for the Cure Foundation, thank you for helping make the 5th annual Head for the Cure 5K Run/Walk – Detroit an amazing success!
It was a fantastic morning for our signature Head for the Cure 5K, and an unforgettable celebration of hope and optimism for brain cancer patients, their families, friends and supporters! With your help, we welcomed over 1400 runners, walkers, volunteers, donors, sponsors and well wishers — most participating with one of the 60 Head for the Cure teams. We also honored 8 brain tumor survivors during our Keeping the Faithrecognition. Check out the event photos on Facebook!
Thank you to all of our incredible volunteers who came out to support our cause. Our events would not go on without the help of our volunteers and participants. We are so appreciative of each and every one of you!
What's more, and while we are still counting, our event has grossed more than $171,000!
Donations, of course, continue to be welcomed. We will keep the Head for the Cure Detroit donation page open for another 60 days. So, please invite your friends and family to support this great cause! Funds raised benefit the Brain Tumor Trials Collaborative (BTTC) and locally at the Hermelin Brain Tumor Center at Henry Ford Health System.
Huge Shoutout to our Sponsors!
RACE RESULTS: Results from the race are available HERE, if you would like to check your time, and see how you finished among your age group.Again, thank you for your participation and support of our 5th annual Head for the Cure 5K - Detroit. You are among the thousands of other caring, hard-working and generous individuals, who, together, are helping us defeat brain cancer step by step. We look forward to seeing you next year at our 6th annual event!


text:
Q: How would I run cmd commands with Python and take input from them? I would like write some python to run a cmd ping test and let me know if/when I get a general failure. (I know it's really specific don't ask).
What I really want to do is not just run a cmd command from python, but I also want it to use the results as input to display a message when the failure happens with a timestamp.
The idea I had was to take the output from the cmd and check for the string 'fail' within each line, but I'm not sure how to achieve this given the cmd seems hard to read with python with my current knowledge.

A: You can use subprocess module in python and do something like below. Replace the cmd variable with your command that you want to execute.
import subprocess

cmd = ['ls', '-lrt']

p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
output, err = p.communicate()
print('-' * 50, 'OUTPUT', '-' * 50)
print(output.decode())
print('fail' in err.decode())


text:
Lions girls' lacross captures Cape & Islands League Championship
On to the South Sectional playoffs for the fourth season in a row
Coach Pat Van Cott said he had no idea what he had in store for him with the girls' lacrosse season kicked off in early May.
The Lions lost their opener in a squeaker to Cape Cod Academy, 15-14, and they haven't lost since.
On Monday, they continued their current nine-game winning streak, beating Monomoy 11-9 to clinch the school's first-ever outright Cape and Island League title.
"We talk about it every single day about what a surprise this season was, because we graduated so many good players," said Van Cott, who reflected on the last season of lacrosse in 2019. "We didn't have one powerhouse player, we had seven really good players."
However, this season they have many powerhouse players, and they're all very young.
"We have so much young talent," he enthused, "and at one point this season, we had 11 girls on the field and the oldest one out there was a sophomore."
Youthful firepower is the watchword this season as the offense has been led by freshman Ella Bartolomei with an eye-popping 73 goals and 13 assists in the nine games played.
"It's really been a team effort and we've really picked up the pace since the beginning of the season," said Bartolomei. "We've done so much better than expected and being such a small school, we have gotten to know each other so much better through playing other sports together."
Sophomore Hadley Crosby has put up some impressive numbers in her own right with 44 goals including a pair of last-second tallies that have propelled the winning streak.
First came the overtime goal to beat Sturgis 14-13, and then she fired home the game-winner with three seconds left in the game to avenge the earlier loss to Cape Cod Academy, 13-12.
"I took it behind the crease, and I could hear everybody counting down (the seconds)," Crosby recalled of the game with the Seahawks. "I saw my chance because my sister Tilly was defending me, and I saw that she left room above the crease so I shot it in and we won."
Hadley's game-winning goal didn't set too well with her sister Tilly, who is a defender on the Cape Cod Academy team, but a win is a win.
Standing tall in the goal cage is freshman goalie Flynn Kayajan, who has impressed Van Cott by her outstanding net minding this season.
"Flynn has been recording double-digit saves," he said. "She's stopping penalty shots against some of the better players in the league."
Captains Lucy Barker, a junior, and senior Julianne Maurice have been among the unsung heroes on this team.
"We've all worked really hard and as the season progressed, we began to see our strengths," said Barker. "Now we play really well as a team."
Maurice has also enjoyed the strides made by the team.
"We have a lot of very talented young players and very few upperclassmen," she said. "As the season went on, we were surprised to see how well we've been doing."
Seniors Delaney Burrell, Meah Dalrymple, Sophie Anastos and Ashlin Enright have all provided varsity experience with the squad.
Olivia Powers and Ella Sassone are each scoring double-digits in goals, while Sophie Philbrick and Brooke Wright have also added goals.
"We were five or six practices in and then we had our only loss, and we just were not prepared," said Van Cott, who is joined by longtime assistant Russ Tierney and newcomer Chris Bartolomei. "We learned so much from (the loss). It was a great learning experience."
Other members of the team include Maggie Crofford, Mia Curley, Alanna Dailey, Riely Dillon, Aniela Gallagher, Kylie Haywood, Ava Item, Keira Nackachi and Sophie Stanley.
Following the final regular season win, the Lions will now move on to the South Sectional playoffs for the fourth season in a row, taking into consideration that there were no playoffs last spring.
In 2017, St. John Paul II captured its first-ever playoff victory beating Pembroke 24-13, before losing in the next round to Norwell. In 2018, it was once again Norwell that stopped the Lions in the first round. Then in 2019, JPII beat Sacred Heart 18-4, only to lose in the next round – once again to Norwell in the second round.
Reach out to Mike Richard by emailing him at: mikerichard0725@gmail.com


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text:
Board of Supervisors Minutes
December 2, 2008:
The Fremont County Board of Supervisors met in regular session on Tuesday, December 2, 2008, in the Fremont County Courthouse Boardroom with Whipple, Hendrickson and Larson present. A quorum was declared and the meeting officially called to order at 9:00 a.m. Minutes of the previous board session were read and approved. The agenda was approved as posted.
Let the records show Cara Marker-Morgan was present for this meeting.
At 9:00 a.m. Jim Owen, Assistant to County Engineer, met with the Board. Motion was made by Hendrickson to authorize Chairman Whipple to sign Work in ROW Permit for Dean Maher to clean ditch on south side of J18. Larson, aye; Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
Motion was made by Hendrickson to authorize Chairman Whipple to sign Work in ROW Permit for Richard Payne to work on tubes and clean ditches in Section 27-68-43 and Section 2-67-43. Larson, aye; Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
Payroll and claims were approved for December 5, 2008.
In other business, the County Recorder's Monthly Report was approved.
At 10:00 a.m., there being no further business, motion was made by Larson to adjourn. Hendrickson, aye; Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
ATTEST:
Fremont County Auditor John E. Whipple, Chairman
The Fremont County Board of Supervisors met in regular session on Thursday, December 4, 2008, in the Fremont County Courthouse Boardroom with Whipple, Hendrickson and Larson present. A quorum was declared and the meeting officially called to order at 6:30 p.m. Minutes of the previous board session were read and approved. The agenda was approved as posted.
Cara Marker-Morgan was present for the meeting.
At 6:30 p.m. motion was made by Larson to approve Resolution No. 2008-43.
RESOLUTION NO.2008-43
BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED by the Fremont County Board of Supervisors this 4th day of December, 2008, that the following transfer of funds be approved and made: $399,717.00 from the Rural Services Basic Fund, share of Rural Services taxes, to the Secondary Road Fund and $40,000.00, property tax relief of local option taxes, from the Rural Services Basic Fund to the Secondary Road Fund.
Motion to approve transfer made by Larson.
/s/ Joan Kirk /s/ John E. Whipple, Chairman aye
Fremont County Auditor /s/ Earl Hendrickson aye
by June Hardy, Asst. Auditor /s/ Chuck Larson aye
Motion was made by Larson to approve Resolution No. 2008-44.
RESOLUTION NO. 2008-44
BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED by the Fremont County Board of Supervisors this 4th day of December 2008, that the following transfer of funds be approved and made: $2,848.39 from the TIF Rebate Fund, to the LMI Assistance Fund, as stated in the Waubonsie Ridge Agreement.
At 7:00 p.m. motion was made by Hendrickson to approve a Class C Liquor License for Skyline Sportsman's Club LLC. Larson, aye; Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
The following claims were approved for handwritten warrants: General Basic Fund: O'Neal Electric Company, Install New Heater, $808.76; TIF Rebate Fund: I29/Hwy 2 Sid. LLC, TIF Rebate, $120,453.36.
At 7:10 p.m., there being no further business, motion was made by Hendrickson to adjourn. Larson, aye; Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
At 9:00 a.m. motion was made by Larson to pay registration and expenses for Cara Marker-Morgan, newly elected supervisor, to attend New County Officers School in Des Moines. Hendrickson, aye; Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
Mike Crecelius, Emergency Management Coordinator, stopped by to visit with the Board about finishing up an EPG Grant for $35,000.
At 9:10 a.m. Fremont County Engineer Dan Davis met with the Board. Motion was made by Hendrickson to sign Work in ROW Permit for Mark Crom to clean a silted-in ditch in Section 11-70-41. Larson, aye; Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
At 9:30 a.m. Pat Hume, Tourism Board for Western Iowa Tourism Region, met with the Board to request funding for a Western Iowa Tourism flyer. Hendrickson made a motion to approve $2,200.00 for the flyer, which would attract $15,000 worth of advertising. Larson, aye; Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
At 10:00 a.m., there being no further business, Larson made a motion to adjourn. Hendrickson, aye; Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
December 11, 2008:
At 8:30 a.m. on Thursday, December 11, 2008, a department head meeting was held in the Fremont County Courthouse Boardroom. Present were John E. Whipple, Earl Hendrickson, Art Claiborne, Mike Crecelius, Judy Crain, Arnold Emberton, Karen Berry, Margaret Johnson, Steve Whitehead and June Hardy. Topics discussed were: New Veterans Clinic; Heat Situation in Courthouse; Site for CDL and Motorcycle Test Drives; Treasurer's Office now Test County for New Solutions Program for State of Iowa; Secondary Road working on FEMA and other Projects.
The Fremont County Board of Supervisors met in regular session on Thursday, December 11, 2008, in the Fremont County Courthouse Boardroom with Whipple and Hendrickson present. Larson was attending new county officers school. A quorum was declared and the meeting officially called to order at 9:00 a.m. Minutes of the previous board session were read and approved. The agenda was approved as posted.
At 9:00 a.m. Judy Crain met with the Board regarding tax abatement. The matter was re-scheduled for Tuesday, December 16.
At 9:15 a.m. motion was made by Hendrickson to authorize Chairman Whipple to sign Certification of Cost Allocation Plan with Maximus. Hendrickson aye; Whipple, aye.
The Sheriff's monthly report was approved.
At 9:45 a.m., there being no further business, motion was made by Hendrickson to adjourn. Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
The Fremont County Board of Supervisors met in regular session on Tuesday, December 16, 2008, in the Fremont County Courthouse Boardroom with Whipple, Hendrickson and Larson present. A quorum was declared and the meeting officially called to order at 9:00 a.m. Minutes of the previous board session were read and approved. The agenda was approved as posted.
Cara Morgan was present for the meeting.
JoAnn Birkby stopped in to deliver an Association of Iowa Fair handout to the Board and to thank them for their continued support.
At 9:00 a.m. Larson made a motion to approve the following Resolution No. 2008-45. Hendrickson, aye, Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
RESOLUTION ABATING TAXES ON NEW PATH COMMUNICATIONS LC
WHEREAS, New Path Communications LC, being a cable company that went through a Randolph building on leased land has ceased business and the cable is now gone and the company no longer exists.
WHEREAS, the cable is now gone and therefore should not be on the tax rolls according to Section 427.1(2), Code of Iowa,
IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED that the above described New Path Communications property shall be listed as exempt on the tax list of the Fremont County Auditor. Further, all current and delinquent taxes are abated under Iowa Code Section 445.63. This includes taxes payable as long as the company no longer exists and the cable is gone and no longer in use.
BE IT FURTHER resolved that the Auditor and Treasurer shall enter such change orders required to abate these taxes.
Motion made by Larson to approve resolution.
Dated this 16th day of December 2008.
/s/ Chuck Larson aye
At 9:15 a.m. Deputy Sheriff Kevin Aistrope met with the Board to request re-establishing a Civil Service Commission. Aistrope said he would like to get a Civil Service Commission established as soon as possible because he would like to get a new deputy approved in January. The Board of Supervisors will select two people and the County Attorney will select one to make up the commission.
At 9:30 a.m. motion was made by Larson to approve an agreement for CPC services with Page County while Fremont County's CPC is on medical leave. Hendrickson, aye; Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
Payroll and claims were approved for December 19, 2008.
December 18. 2008:
The Fremont County Board of Supervisors met in regular session on Thursday, December 18, 2008, in the Fremont County Courthouse Boardroom with Whipple, Hendrickson and Larson present. A quorum was declared and the meeting officially called to order at 9:00 a.m. Minutes of the previous board session were read and approved. The agenda was approved as posted.
Let the records show Cara Morgan was present for this meeting.
At 9:00 a.m. motion was made by Hendrickson to appoint John E. Whipple to a six-year term and Grant Schaaf to a four-year term on the Civil Service Commission. Another member will be appointed as soon as possible. Larson, aye; Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
At 9:05 a.m. motion was made by Larson to approve Crossroads Development Replat 4 Lot 1. Hendrickson, aye; Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
At 9:15 a.m. Fremont County Engineer Dan Davis met with the Board. Motion was made by Larson to authorize Chairman Whipple to sign IDOT payment voucher for HGM Associates, Inc., Project FM36(32) –55-36. Hendrickson, aye; Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
At 9:30 a.m. Mike Crecelius, Emergency Management Coordinator, met with the Board to discuss possible grants he was looking into: Community Action for a Renewed Environment (Care) Program Grant, Homeland Security Grant Program and an Emergency Operations Center Grant. DEC (Drug Endangered Children Origination) is interested in donating a water heater for the Emergency Management Trailer.
Also discussed were locations in Fremont County where people could go to keep warm if the electricity went out for an extended period of time.
In other business, the following claim was approved for a handwritten warrant. General Basic Fund: IOWWA; Conference Fee, $205.00.
The Fremont County Board of Supervisors met in regular session on Tuesday, December 23, 2008, in the Fremont County Courthouse Boardroom with Whipple and Larson present. A quorum was declared and the meeting officially called to order at 9:00 a.m. Minutes of the previous board session were read and approved. The agenda was approved as posted.
Let the records show Earl Hendrickson was not present for this meeting.
Let the records show Cara Morgan attended this meeting.
Mike Crecelius, Emergency Management Coordinator, stopped in to visit with the Board.
At 10:30 a.m. Joel Dirks, West Central Community Action, was not present for his 10:30 a.m. appointment.
At 10:40 a.m. Larson made a motion to adjourn.
At 9:00 a.m. motion was made by Larson to approve the following Resolution 2008-46. Hendrickson, aye; Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED by the Fremont County Board of Supervisors this 30th day of December 2008 that the following holidays shall be observed by the Fremont County Courthouse Offices during the 2009-year.
New Year's Day, Thursday, January 1, 2009; President's Day, Monday, February 16, 2009; Good Friday, Friday, April 10, 2009; Memorial Day, Monday, May 25, 2009; Independence Day, Friday, July 3, 2009; Labor Day, Monday, September 7, 2009; Veterans Day, Wednesday, November 11, 2009; Thanksgiving, (Thurs. & Fri.) November 26 & 27, 2009; Christmas, (Thurs. & Fri.) December 24 & 25, 2009.
Motion to approve made by Larson.
At 9:15 a.m. Jim Owen, Assistant to County Engineer, met with the Board. Motion was made by Hendrickson to authorize Chairman Whipple to sign an easement contract with Paul O. and Catherine A. Brink. Larson, aye; Hendrickson, aye; Whipple, aye.
At 9:30 a.m. Larry Greedy met with the Board regarding Prairie Township Drainage. Greedy said a drainage tube has two holes in it and needs to be fixed. He is guessing it will cost somewhere around $400.00 but there is no way to tell for sure.
Payroll was approved for January 2, 2009.
At 10:00 a.m., there being no further business, motion was made by Larson to adjourn.. Hendrickson, aye; Larson, aye; Whipple, aye.
Fremont County Auditor Earl Hendrickson, Vice Chairman
November 2008 Home January 2009


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'There is still a lot of work to do' | Austin Mayor Steve Adler responds to weekend protests
Austin Mayor Steve Adler joined KVUE Daybreak to discuss the protests that happened over the weekend in the city.
Author: Paul Livengood
Published: 11:36 AM CDT June 1, 2020
Updated: 11:36 AM CDT June 1, 2020
AUSTIN, Texas — Many descended upon Austin over the weekend to protest police brutality and social injustice, highlighting George Floyd and Michael Ramos as the most recent examples.
George Floyd was a Houston native who died while in police custody in Minnesota and Michael Ramos was shot and killed by an Austin police officer in April.
Austin Mayor Steve Adler joined KVUE Daybreak to discuss the protests.
Question: Mayor Adler, on the heels of this weekend's protests we aired some disturbing video moments ago of looting at a downtown liquor store. It shows what appears to be dozens of people running in and out of that store, taking bottles, damaging property. Is there a message that you have for those people clearly taking advantage of this situation?
RELATED: Video shows looters destroying minority-owned business in Downtown Austin
Adler's answer: Good morning. It's just really disappointing to see. Those people are breaking the law. The owner of that store has now been damaged and hurt. It takes away from any attempt to be messaging about George Floyd or Michael Ramos to participate in something like that. All of those people should be criminally charged.
Question: There was a point over the weekend where police officers used gas there on Interstate Highway 35. What do you say about that method of trying to deter people in this situation?
Adler's answer: I know the whole use – the methods – are something the city council wants to discuss with the manager and with Chief Manley. But I also know it's important for us to keep I-35 open. That's the emergency way back and forth to the trauma center at the hospital. So, it's a road that has to be kept open. And if that's what the case is, then we need to be better at making clear to the public that we need to do whatever to keep that emergency route open. The city police showed a particularly different kind of restraint with the respect that the demonstration was closing City roads. So that is to back off and give people the opportunity for First Amendment expression, but I-35 is something that has to remain open.
Question: My parents used to tell me nothing good happens after midnight. Are you considering a city-wide curfew?
Adler's answer: It's certainly a tool that is always under consideration. It was not a tool that the police chief requested. I was on the phone discussing the matters with the mayors of Houston and Dallas and San Antonio. But the decision was made not to do that. By and large, the demonstrations yesterday were peaceful. The number of incidents the previous night were real limited. They were still egregious as you showed in that video, but still limited last night. So, it's an available tool but not something we used. It's always under consideration.
Question: For those who didn't see the press release you sent out yesterday, explain your decision not to attend the weekend protests.
Adler's answer: You know, it's hard ... this virus is constantly presenting choices to me ... which I don't like either of the options that are available. I understand that the need to speak to the First Amendment issues related to George Floyd and Michael Ramos and the lack of trust and need for accountability and action. At the same time, we are in the middle of a pandemic and I have been consistently been urging people to avoid large groups. I think that's real important – it's going to be important here for a while. I felt that giving the messaging I was doing ... and the concern for the public health of the community, I just couldn't participate and I needed to make people aware of why. I am concerned that there will be people in that group that got infected and don't know it. A group that size, if there is an outbreak, it becomes a super-spreader event. And it's impossible to contact trace or isolate or control. My fingers are crossed that did not happen yesterday, but we are going to be watching for it now and I'm just real concerned about that. People wore masks but there was no real way to social distance.
Question: You recently posted on your Facebook page about George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery ... you listed a lot of names saying, " I am committed to do what it takes to make this stop." What specific action do you plan on taking?
Adler's answer: I think there are a lot of things we need to do and it begins with changing the culture inside the police department. Quite frankly, it requires a culture change in all of the institutions in this city. We have a history and a legacy of racial discrimination. A lot of it we are seeing, not only with the killings of what is disturbingly a long line of people of color, who are lying down or walking away. Beyond that, we need to have accountability for those actions. I think it was right what the district attorney did on Friday in announcing things would be taken to a grand jury. We need to change the culture in all of our institutions. We need to do a better job at integrating mental health approach to so many of the calls that end up going wrong so that our first response is associated with a mental health outlook.
Question: What type of de-escalation training do Austin police officers go through?
Adler's answer: There is regular de-escalation training as a part of the academy program. Frankly, I don't think that it is enough. As I see events, and I don't understand how so many times someone who is not sought after for a crime that involved deadly force. I think that is something we need to take a look at and change.
Question: In regards to Michael Ramos, a lot of viewers wrote in asking what is Austin doing to prevent this from happening again?
RELATED: Michael Ramos' mother speaks as Austin protests continue
Adler's answer: I saw the same video that the people in the public saw and I spoke about it the very first weekend. I said then and still believe that it is incredibly disturbing for Michael Ramos to be there, with his hands raised saying he doesn't have a gun, and still having an incident that ends up with him being killed. I think accountability is real important. I called for immediate third-party review. I agree with the action taken by the district attorney on Friday in announcing that the case be taken to a grand jury.
Question: Before we go, this is such unprecedented times. So much is taking place with coronavirus and the protests. Is there anything you would like to say to calm down the angst out there?
Adler's answer: I think the first thing is to deal with this long line of names that we see and with this list, the tears and the fears grow. What we see is an eroding trust with law enforcement. Quite frankly, without that measure of trust, we're not a safe city ... we're not a just city. And you can't be a just city without being a safe city. This city council is doing a lot focused on this issue. To end arrests for low-level offenses ... to address the different situations that exist in this city. We've initiated changes in the culture. We've put off the cadet class until we can do a better job. These are the things we've been doing over the last couple of years. Taking money from public safety and moving it toward social services that help us prevent public safety incidents. There is still a lot of work to do and it needs to move more quickly. But we are also an incredibly safe city. We have law enforcement personnel that are some of the best anywhere. They were out this weekend and I applaud the restraint that you could see in so many places. These are hard times and these are hard issues. Race is a hard thing to talk about and, because of that, I think there are a lot of people who look like me that need to spend more time listening. We have to come out of this virus and out of this time a better city than we went into it. I think we can do it but it's going to require accountability and it's going to require action.
WATCH: On KVUE Daybreak, Mayor Adler responds to Austin protests over the weekend
List: Austin businesses looted during protests
Austin protests Sunday remain generally peaceful, few moments of tension
Video shows looters destroying minority-owned business in Downtown Austin
Michael Ramos' mother speaks as Austin protests continue
PHOTOS: Protesters in Austin call for justice for George Floyd and Michael Ramos


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« Rubio declares support for Convention of the States Project | Jeb cancels ad buys in two states, will concentrate on ground game »
Man arrested in Christmas Day firebombing of Houston mosque 'attended the storefront mosque for five years'
By Thomas Lifson
Evidently it was not "Islamlophobic Christian terrorists" (the left's new phantom boogeymen) who firebombed a mosque on Christmas Day. Carol Christian and Leah Binkovitz of the Houston Chronicle report:
A Houston man has been arrested in connection with a suspected arson at a mosque on Christmas Day, but the motive for the crime remains a mystery, with the suspect maintaining he was a regular at the mosque.
A spokeswoman for the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives confirmed that the suspect, 37-year-old Gary Nathaniel Moore of Houston, was arrested early Wednesday. Moore appeared in court at 7 a.m., spokeswoman Nicole Strong said, and bond was set at $100,000.
According to a charging instrument released by the Harris County District Clerk, Moore told investigators at the scene that he has attended the storefront mosque for five years, coming five times per day to pray seven days per week.
Moore said he had been at the mosque earlier on Dec. 25 to pray, and had left at about 2 p.m. to go home, according to authorities and court papers. Moore said he was the last person to leave the mosque and saw no smoke or other signs of fire when he departed, authorities said. He maintained he had returned to the scene after hearing about the fire from a friend.
Progressives, anxious to pretend that Islamic jihad attacks are not the primary source of terrorism in the world today, will have to look further to find the Great White Christian Terrorist they crave.


The European Nursery Products Confederation (ENPC) gave an informative presentation at Kind und Jugend detailing the effect that the proposed new Market Surveillance Package will have on manufacturers and suppliers in the nursery sector throughout Europe.
The Package includes a multiannual plan for the surveillance of products in Europe with 20 proposed actions over the next three years which include proposals from the European Parliament and the Council on Consumer Product Safety and the Council on Market Surveillance.
The objective of the new Consumer Product Safety Regulation (CPSR) is to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market whilst maintaining a high level of health, safety and consumer protection and to guarantee the protection of vulnerable consumers, in particular the young children that use our industry's products. Distance selling, such as online sales, is included in the scope as well as second hand products re-entering the supply chain via commercial sales. Penalties for non-compliance with this revised Regulation include a fine of up to 10% of a company's annual turnover.
An 'Indication of Origin' has also been introduced and manufacturers will be required to indicate the origin in English only 'made in (country)' which is universally understood. This will reduce technical difficulties and burdens for SMEs as well as ensuring the safety warnings are easier for consumers to understand. Manufacturers will also have to ensure that products bear a type, batch or serial number identifying their products and improving traceability. The Commission will be required to draft black lists of companies which repeatedly infringe regulation safety rules and make this public.
Under the Market Surveillance Regulation (MSR) a joint action has been submitted which calls for the European Commission to create and coordinate a Pan European Injuries Database within two years. Technical files containing the information regarding manufacturer, materials, testing, etc. must be kept for 10 years and be produced following a reasoned request from enforcement agencies. Also, the distinction between non-compliant products and products posing a risk has been introduced and it is believed this will prevent products that present no risk being reported on RAPEX, however, the amendment requiring RAPEX to only include products presenting a serious risk has not been adopted which may result in an increase in products reported here.


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Hey there folks, Crimson Raven here again checking in after a very busy Memorial Day Weekend with another weekend creeping up on me fast!
June 4, 2018 – Scott Wilson had left Tantric after a few years for many reasons.
January 27, 2018 – Saving Abel's Scott Wilson prior to the show at Manchester Music Hall in Lexington, KY.
January 5, 2018 – Brian "The Hammer" Jackson and Ellen interview Scott Wilson.
Special thanks to Ernie Ball for selecting our very own Scott Wilson's Ernie Ball ad as one of the top ten for the year!
July 12, 2017 – New Saving Abel bass player Scott Wilson has released a statement to debunk rumors and to publicly addressed the reasons behind his departure from his former band Tantric.
May 31, 2017 – Bartlett chatted with Lagniappe about growing up in a doctor's household, surviving in the modern music industry and creating the next effort from Saving Abel.
September 8, 2016 – Although the legendary artist Andy Warhol mused how 'in the future everybody will be world-famous for fifteen minutes,' he's got nothing on hard rockers Saving Abel.


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"Go for It, Baby (Kioku no Sanmyaku)" is the 50th single by Japanese rock duo B'z. It was released on April 4, 2012. The song debuted at #1 on the Oricon Singles Chart, selling 143,000 copies in its first week. It also reached number one on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 and the Top Singles Sales chart. The Recording Industry Association of Japan certified the single Gold for its sales of 100,000 copies. With this single, B'z has remained on top of the charts for a total of 63 weeks, breaking a record and tying up with female pop duo Pink Lady. The song was used by Pepsi as a jingle, the second time they did it with a song by B'z (the first having been with their 2011 single "Sayonara Kizu Darake no Hibi yo").

Track listing
Single
 - 4:40
Honokanaru Hi (仄かなる火) - 4:13
Ryuusei Mask (流星マスク) - 3:16

DVD
Go for It, Baby (Kioku no Sanmyaku) (music video)
Pepsi Nex presents B'z 1Day Live at Shibuya-AX
"Sayonara Kizu Darake no Hibi yo"
"Ichibu to Zenbu"
"Liar! Liar!"

Certifications

References

2012 singles
B'z songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
2012 songs
Songs written by Tak Matsumoto
Songs written by Koshi Inaba


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Fairtrade partnership
Grower map
Sell my green coffee
The force awakens 🇧🇷
Discover the power of Brazilian coffees in 2020
Brazil as a coffee origin country
The coffees on offer
Brazilians often refer to their country as the terrinha. It is a term of endearment that means "little land" and that couldn't be more ironic. With its continental dimensions and states bigger than many European countries, Brazil has been the largest producer and exporter of coffee on the planet for over 150 years with a wide diversity of growing regions from South to North, growing both arabica and robusta. The terrinha is a giant.
The term of endearment does make sense, however, when you think about the average farm size in Brazil, which is smaller than most people would think: less than 8 hectares! The sítios are operated as small family businesses, contradicting people's expectations of large factory-type estates run by powerful coffee barons (an image inherited from the plantations of the 18th and 19th centuries).
Coffee production in Brazil is largely mechanized in comparison to other origins. Not only because the flatter landscapes and soft hills allow for the use of machines but because Brazilians invest heavily in technology due to high labour costs. The national industry has come a long way since 1859, when the first factory of post-harvest machinery was built, and today you find "selective harvesters" which offer better harvesting control and collect higher percentages of mature cherries.
In 2020, Brazil is expected to produce a record of 67.9 million 60kg bags (15% more than 2019, a negative biennial year) thanks to stable weather conditions with a rainy summer and a dry winter. A combination of favourable weather and a positive cycle are also pushing yields up, with a forecast at 32.33 bags/hectare this season.
Brazil is known for producing mainly naturals and pulp naturals, known locally as "CD" or Cereja Descascado. Picking is mainly mechanical, with manual picking being adopted in certain areas due to inclination of the plot and to produce specialty grade lots. When processing naturals, the cherries can be dried on patios, mechanical dryers, raised beds or a combination of processes. Drying takes place in the dry months of the winter of the Southern Hemisphere when temperatures are milder and favourable to sun-drying.
Pulped naturals first appeared in the 1950s but only became diffused in Minas Gerais in the 1980s and 1990s. The method was seen as an alternative for faster drying using less space on patios (as removing the skin of the fruit cuts its volume by half) and adopted mainly on farms where the humidity levels were high. Today, farmers can adopt both methods to achieve different flavour profiles as naturals tend to be fuller in body and CDs tend to be more delicate.
Brazilian farmers continuously innovate in post-harvest techniques. One of the biggest manufacturers of coffee processing equipment, Pinhalense, is Brazilian. Today, however, you can also find more artisanal types of processing like honeys, anaerobics and different experiments with yeast and even bacteria from the coffee plant's microbiota. The country has a robust production of scientific research on the field led by local universities in partnership with farms and cooperatives that can produce high scoring coffees.
A good cup score is not the only thing Brazilian producers are looking for. They search for repeatability and consistency. The same principles and protocols behind the production of larger volumes of more standard qualities are now being applied to the world of specialty coffee to increase cup quality and stability of profiles year after year. The goal here is to replicate the quality you find in micro-lots in bigger volumes, making specialty more mainstream. There is no sleepy giant here. The force is awake.
Coffee first arrived in Brazil from the French Guiana in 1727 It was first planted in the Northern state of Pará and later in the 1760s in Rio de Janeiro. From there, the crop spread to the states of São Paulo, Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, replacing the main activity of that region at the time which was in fast decline: gold mining.
Production picked up in the 1800s, with São Paulo leading as the biggest producing state and receiving large numbers of European immigrants to work on the fields alongside slave workers. Italian, Portuguese, German, Swiss and Belgian were amongst the nationalities labouring in the paulista farms, growing in numbers as the slave trade declined. With the fast development of coffee production in the region, Brazil became the largest coffee-producing country in the 1880s.
From the 1800s to 1929, coffee was the biggest source of wealth in Brazil and people would refer to it as the "Brazilian green gold". Coffee became so important to the Brazilian economy that it actually shifted the economical centre of the country to the Southwestern region, bringing with it the growth of the industry, food manufacturing and construction. These states which gained importance through the growth of coffee production remain the economic centres of the country today.
With the economic crisis of 1929, demand for coffee dropped and Brazilian exports were heavily affected. Prices fell to such an extent that the Brazilian government burnt 71 thousand bags of coffee to avoid excessive devaluation. The volume of production in the country has been closely followed by traders and the international market over the last two centuries, having a big impact on international prices.
4. General Stats
Main exporting ports: Santos, Rio de Janeiro and Vitória
Bag size: 59kg - 60kg
Harvest: April to October. Some higher altitude areas, like the mountains of Espírito Santo, harvest until December
Varieties: Catuaí, Bourbon, Mundo Novo, Icatu, Acaiá, Typica, Obatã, Topázio, Catucaí and others
Production: 67.9 million 60kg bags (estimate for 2020)
Altitude: 800m to 1300m
5. Main growing regions
Minas Gerais: The Southwestern state is the largest producer in the country, accounting for around 50% of the total production and most of the specialty coffee volumes. Nearly 100% of plantations grow exclusively arabica. There are 4 main producing regions: Sul de Minas, Cerrado de Minas, Chapada de Minas e Matas de Minas.
Espírito Santo: The second largest producing state and the main grower of robusta. Arabica is produced in the Southern highlands, known as Montanhas do Espírito Santo, and robusta is produced in the hotter area up North, known as Conilon Capixaba. There is a big production of specialty coffee and a big percentage is sold in the internal market.
São Paulo: One of the oldest and more traditional producing areas, distributed between Mogiana and Central Western Paulista. There is a mix of large estates and small family farms and they produce only arabica.
Bahia: Located in the Northeast of Brazil, with production of arabica in regions of warmer weather (Planalto da Bahia) but also in highlands with cooler temperatures (Cerrado Baiano). Also produces robusta to the South.
Paraná: The state is located in the South of Brazil, where the climate is cooler and there is a higher risk of frost. It has been the biggest producing state in the country, where many families started growing coffee before moving to Minas Gerais, and it has been recovering its production levels in recent years.
Rondônia: The state, located in the North of Brazil, produces only robusta due to lower altitudes and hotter temperatures. Farms are mainly small, family-run properties.
Sources: ABIC, USDA, BSCA, Revista da Cafeicultura, Embrapa and Sindicafé
6. Coffees on offer
Taste the new crop and discover how the good weather favoured Brazilians this season: good maturation and sugar development, bigger screen sizes and consistency will make Brazil your origin of choice for espresso and filter this year!
Get the 2020 Harvest Report!
All you need to know about the Brazillian harvest this year.
algrano


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Q: Convert Lambda into Java Function I have 2 questions.
1.
I want to convert Lambda into a Java function, but do not know how to do it.
//GET Method For REST Application
public Topic getTopics(String id){
    return topics.stream().filter(t -> t.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().get();
}

The topics is a list defined as:
private List<Topic> topics = new ArrayList<Topic>(
    Arrays.asList(
        new Topic("1","Spring Framework","Spring")
    )
);

Class Topic is defined as:
public class Topic {

    public String id;
    public String name;
    public String description;

    public Topic() {}

    public Topic(String id, String name, String description) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getId(){
        return this.id;
    }
}

2.
I have 1 more question regarding the code. It is about filter function. Why is it that only t can be used as predicate? Hovering over t gives me this definition
Topic t - project_path.getTopics(...).() -> {...} Predicate.test(Topic)

A: That lambda in your filter combinator can be extracted into a variable (predicate):
Predicate<Topic> hasSameId = topic -> id.equals(topic.getId());

or into a method:
Boolean hasSameId(Topic topic) {
    return id.equals(topic.getId());
}

In either case it would be good practice though to pass id along by currying either version:
Function<String, Predicate<Topic>> hasSameId = id -> topic -> id.equals(topic.getId());

It can then be used like this:
topics.stream().filter(hasSameId.apply(id)).findFirst();

A: You definitely need to learn more about JAVA 8 streams. Anyhow here is answer to your questions:
public Topic getTopics(String id) {
    return topics.stream().filter(t -> t.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().get();
}

is same as
public Topic getTopics(String id) {
     for (Topic curTopic:topics) {
          if (curTopic.getId().equals(id)) return curTopic;
     }
     return null;
}

Secondly, for your second question, you can use anything as formal parameter, so below will also work fine (see also Syntax of Lambda Expression):
public Topic getTopics(String id) {
    return topics.stream().filter(p -> p.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().get();
}

Hope that helps you :)


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