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ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION
AB Electrolux v. Temser Mutfak
Case No. D2010-2063
The Complainant is AB Electrolux, of Stockholm, Sweden, represented by Melbourne IT Digital Brand Services, Sweden.
The Respondent is Temser Mutfak of Ankara, Turkey.
2. The Domain Name And Registrar
The disputed domain name <electroluxyedekparca.com> is registered with Directi Internet Solutions Pvt. Ltd. d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com.
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the "Center") on November 30, 2010. On November 30, 2010, the Center transmitted by email to Directi Internet Solutions Pvt. Ltd. d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On November 30, 2010, Directi Internet Solutions Pvt. Ltd. d/b/a PublicDomainRegistry.com transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that the Respondent is listed as the registrant and providing the contact details.
The Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Policy" or "UDRP"), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules"), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Supplemental Rules").
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on December 7, 2010. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was December 27, 2010. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent's default on January 6, 2011.
The Center appointed Ian Blackshaw as the sole panelist in this matter on January 13, 2011. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4. Factual Background
The Complainant is a Swedish joint stock company founded in 1901 and registered as a Swedish company in 1919 and is a world leading producer of appliances and equipment for kitchen and cleaning. The Complainant is also one of the largest producers in the world of similar equipment for professional users, and also the market leader in many of the individual product categories in which the Complainant competes.
The Complainant sells more than 40 million products to customers in 150 countries every year. These products include refrigerators, dishwashers, washing machines, vacuum cleaners and cookers sold under brands such as ELECTROLUX, AEG, AEG-ELECTROLUX, ZANUSSI, EUREKA and FRIGIDAIRE. In 2009, the Complainant had sales of SEK 109 billion and 51 000 employees. The Complainant is a global company and carries on its business all over the world, including Turkey where the Respondent is located.
The Complainant has registered the trademark ELECTROLUX as a word and figure mark in several classes in more than 150 countries all over the world. The trademark ELECTROLUX was registered long before the registration of the disputed domain name. The Complainant has also registered the trademark ELECTROLUX as a domain name under almost 700 gTLDs and ccTLDs worldwide, among these: electrolux.com.tr> (registered by Electrolux Turkey); <electrolux.com>; and <electrolux.co.uk>. The awareness of the trademark ELECTROLUX is considered in Europe to be significant.
Evidence of the above statements has been provided to the Panel.
5. Parties' Contentions
A. Complainant
The Complainant makes the following contentions:
A. The Domain Name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights;
(Policy, para. 4(a)(i), Rules, paras. 3(b)(viii), (b)(ix)(1))
The dominant part of the disputed domain name comprises the word "electrolux", which is identical to the registered trademark ELECTROLUX, which, as stated above, has been registered by the Complainant as a trademark and domain names in numerous countries all over the world. Evidence of which has been provided to the Panel.
The disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the trademark ELECTROLUX. The fame of the trademark has been confirmed in previous WIPO UDRP decisions, for example, AB Electrolux v. Ilgaz Fatih Micik, WIPO Case No. D2009-0777: "The first domain name in dispute, <electrolux-aeg-servisi.com>, adopts two of Complainant's widely known trademarks".
The addition of the suffix "yedekparca", which is a Turkish term and generally translated into English as "replacement", is not relevant and will not have any impact on the overall impression of the dominant part of the name, ELECTROLUX, instantly recognizable as a world famous trademark. As the Complainant and its trademark is widely known for conducting business with home appliances, the said suffix is rather appropriate to strengthen the impression that the disputed domain name belongs to, or is affiliated with the Complainant. The Complainant often refers to the word "replacement" since the Complainant is selling types of products that sometimes have parts that need to be replaced. When searching for the words "electrolux" and "replacement" on Google, 2,420,000 hits are generated.
In Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG v. Rojeen Rayaneh, WIPO Case No. D2004-0488, it was stated that it is a long-established precedent that confusing similarity is generally recognized when well-known trademarks are paired up with different kinds of generic prefixes and suffixes. The suffix "yedekparca" is a generic term, which does not distinguish a company. Furthermore, in PRL USA Holdings, Inc. v. Spiral Matrix, WIPO Case No. D2006-0189, the panel confirmed: "the mere addition of a generic or descriptive term does not exclude the likelihood of confusion".
The addition of the top-level domain (TLD) ".com" does not have any impact on the overall impression of the dominant portion of the disputed domain name and is, therefore, irrelevant in determining the confusing similarity to the Complainant's trademark ELECTROLUX.
Anyone who sees the disputed domain name is bound to mistake it for a name related to the Complainant. The likelihood of confusion includes an obvious association with the trademark of the Complainant. With reference to the reputation of the trademark ELECTROLUX, there is a considerable risk that the trade public will perceive the Respondent's domain name either as a domain name owned by the Complainant or that there is some kind of commercial relationship with the Complainant. By using the trademark ELECTROLUX as a dominant part of the disputed domain name, the Respondent exploits the goodwill and the image of the trademark, which may result in dilution of and other damage to the Complainant's trademark.
To summarize, the Complainant is the owner of the world-wide registered trademark ELECTROLUX. The Respondent has registered the disputed domain name which is confusingly similar to the trademark owned by the Complainant. The addition of a generic term to a trade or service mark is legally inconsequential and does not prevent a finding of confusing similarity.
B. The Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name;
(Policy, para. 4(a)(ii), Rules, para. 3(b)(ix)(2))
The Complainant has not found that the Respondent has any registered trademarks or trade names corresponding to the disputed domain name. It is also clear, that no license or authorization of any other kind to use the ELECTROLUX trademark, has been given by the Complainant to the Respondent.
In Guerlain S.A. v. Peikang, WIPO Case No. D2000-0055, the panel stated that, "in the absence of any license or permission from the Complainant to use any of its trademarks or to apply for or use any domain name incorporating those trademarks, it is clear that no actual or contemplated bona fide or legitimate use of the domain name could be claimed by Respondent." The Respondent is not an authorized dealer of the Complainant's products and has never had a business relationship with the Complainant. This was stated by the panel as a factor in the finding of non legitimate interest with the respondent in Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG v. Ron Anderson, WIPO Case No. D2004-0312.
The Respondent registered the disputed domain name on July 5, 2010. The mere registration of a domain name does not give the owner a right or a legitimate interest in respect of that domain name.
The Complainant has also not found anything that would suggest that the Respondent has been using ELECTROLUX in any other way that would give him any legitimate rights in the name. Consequently, the Respondent may not claim any rights established by common usage. In Chinatrust Commercial Bank, Ltd. and Chinatrust Bank (U.S.A.) v. China Holding Company, Incorporated, WIPO Case No. D2001-0826, the panel was of the opinion that "The Respondent is not connected to the subject Domain Name either through its name or its business.", which indicated lack of legitimate interest.
The Respondent is today not using the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services. The disputed domain name is currently connected to a website selling kitchen and laundry equipment and providing replacements of the same products. On the website both the logotype of the Respondent, TEM-SER, and that of the Complainant, ELECTROLUX, are displayed together. The website connected to the domain name is linked to the Respondent's main website ("http://www.temsermutfak.com.tr/") and on that site the ELECTROLUX logo is displayed again, together with ZANUSSI, amongst others. It has been stated in earlier WIPO UDRP decisions that a reseller can be found making a bona fide offering of goods and services if the use fits certain requirements, where one is to sell or serve only the trademarked goods and another one to accurately disclose the registrant's relationship with the trademark owner. Firstly, the Respondent serves goods from various brands including the Complainant's, but also from its competitors; secondly, there is no disclaimer on the website explaining the non-existing relationship with the Complainant. By doing this, the Respondent is using the ELECTROLUX trademark and misleading Internet users to a commercial website and, consequently, the Respondent is tarnishing the trademark ELECTROLUX. The Respondent is trying to sponge off the Complainant's world famous trademark. In Drexel University v. David Brouda, WIPO Case No. D2001-0067, the panel stated that "rights or legitimate interests cannot be created where the user of the domain name at issue would not choose such a name unless he was seeking to create an impression of association with the Complainant."
Referring to the above-mentioned contentions, the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name.
C. The disputed domain name was registered and is being used in bad faith.
(Policy, paras. 4(a)(iii), 4(b); Rules, para. 3(b)(ix)(3))
The trademark ELECTROLUX, belonging to the Complainant, has acquired the status of a well-known and reputed trademark with a substantial and widespread reputation throughout the whole European Community and throughout the world. The awareness of the trademark is to be considered, in the Community in general, to be significant and substantial. The number of third party domain name registrations, comprising the trademark in combination with other words, has skyrocketed in the last years, and has given rise to many previous WIPO UDRP Cases. The considerable value and goodwill of the registered trademark ELECTROLUX is most likely to have largely contributed to this and also what has made the Respondent register the disputed domain name in the present case.
The Complainant first tried to contact the Respondent on September 27, 2010 through a "cease and desist" letter, sent by e-mail, a copy of which has been provided to the Panel. The Complainant advised the Respondent that the unauthorized use of the ELECTROLUX trademark within the disputed domain name violated the Complainant's rights in the said trademark. The Complainant requested a voluntary transfer of the disputed domain name and offered compensation for the expenses of registration and transfer fees (not exceeding out of pocket expenses). No response was received, so a reminder was sent on October 13, 2010, and a final reminder on October 26, 2010. Since the efforts of trying to resolve the matter amicably were unsuccessful, the Complainant chose to file a complaint according to the UDRP process. It has been mentioned in earlier disputes that "the failure of the Respondent to respond to the letter of demand from the Complainant further supports an inference of bad faith" see Bayerische Motoren Werke AG v. (This Domain is For Sale) Joshuathan Investments, Inc., WIPO Case No. D2002-0787.
The disputed domain name is currently connected to a website selling kitchen and laundry equipment of different brands and also providing replacements for the same products. The website is also displaying the ELECTROLUX logotype. Consequently, the Respondent is using the domain name to attempt intentionally to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to a commercial website, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant's mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation or endorsement of the website. Furthermore, as stated above, there is no disclaimer on the website explaining the non-existing relationship between the parties.
To summarize, there is no doubt that the Respondent was aware of the rights the Complainant has in the trademark ELECTROLUX and the value of the said trademark, at the time of the registration. There is no connection between the Respondent and the Complainant. By using the disputed domain name, the Respondent is not making a legitimate non-commercial or fair use without intent for commercial gain, but is misleadingly diverting consumers for his own commercial gain. Consequently, by referring to the above-mentioned contentions, the Respondent must be considered to have registered and be using the domain name in bad faith.
B. Respondent
The Respondent, having been duly notified of the Complaint and of these proceedings, did not reply to the Complainant's contentions or take any part in them.
6. Discussion And Findings
To qualify for cancellation or transfer of the disputed domain name, the Complainant must prove each of the following elements of paragraph 4(a) of the Policy, namely:
(i) The disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; and
(ii) The Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name; and
(iii) The disputed domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
In accordance with paragraph 15(a) of the Rules, the Panel shall decide the Complaint on the basis of the statements and documents submitted and in accordance with the Policy, the Rules, and any rules and principles of law that it deems applicable.
In accordance with paragraph 14(a) of the Rules, in the event that a party, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, does not comply with any of the time periods established by the Rules or the Panel, the Panel shall proceed to a decision on the Complaint; and (b) if a party, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, does not comply with any provision of, or requirement under, the Rules or any request from the Panel, the Panel shall draw such inferences as it considers appropriate.
In accordance with paragraph 10(d) of the Rules, the Panel shall determine the admissibility, relevance, materiality and weight of the evidence.
In previous UDRP cases in which the respondents failed to file a response, the panels' decisions were based upon the complainants' assertions and evidence, as well as inferences drawn from the respondents' failure to reply. See The Vanguard Group, Inc. v. Lorna Kang, WIPO Case No. D2002-1064; and also Köstritzer Schwarzbierbrauerei v. Macros-Telekom Corp., WIPO Case No. D2001-0936.
Nevertheless, a panel must not decide in the complainant's favor solely based on the respondent's default. See Cortefiel S.A. v. Miguel García Quintas, WIPO Case No. D2000-0140. In this case, the Panel must decide whether the Complainant has introduced elements of proof, which allow the Panel to conclude that its allegations are true.
A. Identical or Confusingly Similar
It is well established in previous WIPO UDRP cases that, where a disputed domain name incorporates a complainant's registered trademark, this may be sufficient to establish that the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar for the purposes of the Policy. See Magnum Piering, Inc. v. The Mudjackers and Garwood S. Wilson, Sr., WIPO Case No. D2000-1525.
In the present case, the disputed domain name incorporates the Complainant's well-known and widely-registered trademark ELECTROLUX. The addition of the word 'yedekparca', which is a Turkish term and generally translated into English as "replacement", is purely descriptive and does not serve to distinguish, for Policy purposes, the disputed domain name from the Complainant's registered trademark ELECTROLUX. See Harrods Limited v. Simon Harkin Travel, WIPO Case No. D2004-0546 in which the panel held that:
"Although the [d]omain [n]ame consists of the word "harrods" and the word "travel," it is well settled that a domain name suffix, such as the word "travel" in the present case, is merely descriptive and does not add any distinctiveness to the word "harrods," which is the quintessential and distinctive part of the [d]omain [n]ame. See Harrods Limited v. Vineet Singh, WIPO Case No. D2001-1162, where the [p]anel held that '… any use of the name Harrods in conjunction with a description… would suggest a false sense of origin…for any associated goods or services'. See also Harrods Limited v. Brad Shaw, WIPO Case No. D2004-0411, where the [p]anel held that 'The [d]omain [n]ame consists of the word HARRODS plus a hyphen and the generic term 'poker'. The latter is not a distinguishing feature and does not lessen the likelihood of confusion with the trademark".
Again, the use of the word "yedekparca", in the opinion of the Panel, appears to invest the disputed domain name with some degree of official association with the Complainant, which also deals with 'replacements', and, as such, is misleading and adds to the possibility of confusion.
Also, the addition of a generic top-level domain (gTLD) ".com" to the disputed domain name does not constitute an element in the domain name so as to avoid confusing similarity. See Telecom Personal, S.A., v. NAMEZERO.COM, Inc, WIPO Case No. D2001-0015; Société Générale and Fimat International Banque v. Lebanon Index/La France DN and Elie Khouri, WIPO Case No. D2002-0760; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG v. Macalve e-dominios S.A., WIPO Case No. D2006-0451; and Telstra Corporation Limited v. Nuclear Marshmallows, WIPO Case No. D2000-0003.
In view of the above, the Panel finds that the disputed domain name registered by the Respondent is confusingly similar to the Complainant's well-known and widely-registered trademark ELECTROLUX, in which the Complainant has demonstrated, to the satisfaction of the Panel, that it has rights and commercial use of the same for several years. The first element of the Policy, therefore, has been met.
B. Rights or Legitimate Interests
In order to determine whether the Respondent has any rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name (paragraph 4(c) of the Policy), attention must be paid to any of the following circumstances in particular but without limitation:
- whether before any notice to the Respondent of the dispute, there is any evidence of the Respondent's use of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the domain name or a name corresponding to the domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services;
- whether the Respondent (as an individual, business, or other organization) has been commonly known by the domain name, even if the Respondent has acquired no trademark or service mark rights;
- whether the Respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the domain name, without intent for commercial gain misleadingly to divert consumers or to tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue.
There is no evidence before the Panel to show that the Respondent was acting in pursuance of any rights or legitimate interests with respect to registering the disputed domain name. On the contrary, if the Respondent had any such rights or legitimate interests, the Respondent would have reasonably been expected to assert them, which the Respondent clearly has not done, by not replying to the Complaint. See 1-800-Flowers.com, Inc, Fresh Intellectual Properties, Inc., Fannie May Confections, Inc. v. G Design, WIPO Case No. D2006-0977.
Neither is there any evidence before the Panel that the Respondent has been authorized or licensed by the Complainant to use the Complainant's widely-known and widely-registered trademark ELECTROLUX. Indeed, in the view of the Panel, the adoption by the Respondent of a domain name identical to the Complainant's trademark ELECTROLUX inevitably leads to confusion on the part of Internet users and consumers seeking information about the Complainant and its products (see further on this point below), and the consequential tarnishing of the Complainant's trademark ELECTROLUX and also the valuable goodwill that the Complainant has established in this trademark through advertising and commercial use of the same over several years, sufficient evidence of which has been provided to the Panel, without any right or legal justification for doing so.
Also, the Panel finds no evidence that the Respondent has used, or undertaken any demonstrable preparations to use the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services.
Likewise, no evidence has been adduced that the Respondent has commonly been known by the disputed domain name; nor, for the reasons mentioned above, is the Respondent making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name. The Respondent has submitted no Response and has provided the Panel with no basis to conclude the Respondent has either rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name.
Therefore, for all the above reasons, the Panel concludes that the Respondent has neither rights nor legitimate interests in the disputed domain name.
C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
Regarding the bad faith requirement, paragraph 4(b) of the Policy lists four examples of acts, which prima facie constitute evidence of bad faith. However, this list is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative. See Nova Banka v. Iris, WIPO Case No. D2003-0366.
Paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy is particularly relevant to the present case and provides that there is evidence of bad faith in the following circumstances:
(iv) by using the domain name, [the Respondent] has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its web site or other on-line location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the complainant's mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of [the Respondent's] web site or location or of a product or service on its web site or location.
Based on the record in the case file, the Panel considers that the Respondent, by registering the disputed domain name, is trading on the Complainant's valuable goodwill established in its widely-known and widely-registered trademark ELECTROLUX.
Again, by registering and using the disputed domain name incorporating the Complainant's widely-known and widely-registered trademark ELECTROLUX, the effect is to mislead Internet users and consumers into thinking that the Respondent is, in some way or another, connected to, sponsored by or affiliated with the Complainant and its business; or that the Respondent's activities are approved or endorsed by the Complainant. None of which, on the basis of the record in the case file, is, in fact, the situation. Such misleading consequences, in the view of the Panel, are indicative of bad faith on the part of the Respondent. See Columbia Insurance Company v. Pampered Gourmet, WIPO Case No. D2004-0649.
Furthermore, the fact that the disputed domain name includes the Complainant's widely-known and widely-registered trademark ELECTROLUX, held and used in commerce by the Complainant in many countries of the world, including Turkey, where the Respondent is located, for several years prior to the date the Respondent became the registrant of the disputed domain name, it is reasonable for the Panel to take the view that the Respondent must have known and been aware of the Complainant's rights in this trademark at the time the Respondent registered the disputed domain name, and, as such, this is a further factor supporting a conclusion of bad faith. See Segway LLC v. Chris Hoffman, WIPO Case No. D2005-0023; Telstra Corporation Limited v. Nuclear Marshmallows, supra; Cellular One Group v. Paul Brien, WIPO Case No. D2000-0028. In this Panel's view, a domain name which contains a third-party's registered trademark would typically be used in good faith only by the owner of the respective right, by licensees, or a similar class of rights-holder, which does not appear to be the situation in the present case.
Further, see also Microsoft Corporation v. J. Holiday Co., WIPO Case No. D2000-1493, in which it was stated that "[…] consumers expect to find a company on the Internet at a domain name address comprised of the company's name or trademark." As this is not, in fact, the situation in the present case, the use by the Respondent of the disputed domain name is confusing and misleading and, in the view of the Panel, is a further indication that the disputed domain name was registered and is being used in bad faith.
Also, as the provided evidence indicates that the disputed domain name resolves (or resolved) to a website, seemingly offering for sale kitchen and laundry equipment of different brands, including those of the Complainant, and competitors thereof, and providing replacements for those products, operated by the Respondent, which has nothing to do with and has not been authorized by the Complainant in any way, the Panel agrees with the Complainant's contention that this constitutes further evidence of registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith on the part of the Respondent. See Philip Morris Inc. v. Alex Tsypkin, WIPO Case No. D2002-0946. See also The Procter & Gamble Company, Tambrands Inc. v. Reserved for Customers, MustNeed.com, WIPO Case No. D2009-0944.
Again, even though not conclusive, the failure of the Respondent to reply to the Complainant's proposals and reminders to settle this dispute amicably, as referred to above, in the view of the Panel, is a further indication of bad faith on the part of the Respondent.
Finally, the failure also of the Respondent to answer the Complaint or take any part in the present proceedings, again, in the view of the Panel, is another indication of bad faith on the part of the Respondent. See Bayerische Motoren Werke AG v. (This Domain is For Sale) Joshuathan Investments, Inc., supra.
Therefore, taking all these particular facts and circumstances into account and for all the above-mentioned reasons, the Panel concludes that the Respondent has registered and is using the disputed domain name in bad faith.
7. Decision
For all the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the domain name <electroluxyedekparca.com> be transferred to the Complainant.
Ian Blackshaw
Sole Panelist
Dated: January 24, 2011


text:
А́ртур Джон Кро́нквист (, 1919—1992) — всемирно известный американский ботаник, разработчик таксономической системы классификации цветковых растений, известной как Система Кронквиста, которую он изложил в работах:
 Единая система классификации цветковых растений (An Integrated System of Classification of Flowing Plants), 1981;
 Эволюция и классификация цветковых растений (The Evolution and Classification of Flowing Plants), первое издание — 1968, второе — 1988.

В честь Кронквиста названы роды растений  и

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Выпускники Университета штата Айдахо
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Выпускники Колледжа сельского хозяйства и природных ресурсов Миннесотского университета

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After being expelled for a drug possession charge, Taylor found himself back on the streets and an eventual victim of street violence; the result was that he spent a number of months recovering from a series of gunshot wounds. It was during this time that the rapper who would go on to become the Game turned to music, listening to classic hip-hop albums and studying the art of rap and hip-hop. Following his recovery, Taylor adopted the moniker the Game and vowed to become a rap artist. The rest, as they say, is history.
The Game released his first mixtape, You Know What It Is Vol. 1, in 2002, and the endeavor garnered the attention of Dr. Dre, who signed the Game to his record label in 2003. The Game's major label debut, The Documentary, arrived in 2005, followed by: Doctor's Advocate (2006), LAX (2008), The R.E.D. Album (2011), Jesus Piece (2012), and Blood Moon: Year of the Wolf (2014.) The albums spawned dozens of hit rap and R&B singles, such as: "How We Do," "Hate It or Love It," "Dreams," "Let's Ride," "Wouldn't Get Far," "Game's Pain," and "My Life," to name a few. The Game has also appeared as a featured artist on a number of singles by other artists, including R. Kelly, Chris Brown, Joe Budden, and Busta Rhymes.
In 2006, the Game also made his foray into the film world, appearing in the movie Waist Deep. He followed the role with ones in Street Kings (2008) and House Arrest (2012.) Most recently, the Game formed Blood Money Entertainment, through which all of his future works will be released. The label has also signed west-coast rappers Dubb and Skeme. Currently, the Game is putting the finishing touches on his next album, the Documentary 2, which is scheduled for 2015.
For more information on booking The Game, please contact Booking Entertainment. One of our top booking agents will be happy to work on your behalf to get you the best possible price to book any big name entertainer for your upcoming public, private or corporate event worldwide.
The agents at Booking Entertainment have helped clients book famous entertainers like The Game for private parties, corporate events and public shows around the world for over 23 years. Our agents will be happy to assist you with any of your famous entertainment buying needs. All you need to do is fill out an entertainment request form or call our office at (212) 645-0555, and one of our agents will help you get pricing information and available dates for The Game or any other A-list entertainer for your next event.
How to book The Game for a corporate event?
Booking The Game for corporate events is a great way to thank your employees and clients, and in addition, hiring The Game for a corporate event is a fantastic way to promote your company's image to your industry. Booking Entertainment can book The Game for corporate events worldwide, providing you with the fee to book The Game and their availability on your specific date. We have helped our clients book The Game and thousands of other acts for almost 25 years. Whether you are looking at hiring The Game for a corporate event, product launch, trade show, holiday party or an employee appreciation event, your assigned Booking Entertainment agent will be happy to get you the best price for booking The Game and help make sure that every aspect of the entertainment portion of your corporate event is executed flawlessly.
How much does it cost to book The Game for a corporate event and what do the fees for booking The Game include?
If you are looking to hire The Game for a corporate event and are looking for The Game's booking fee for corporate events, Booking Entertainment will be happy to get you pricing to book The Game for your date for free. The cost of hiring The Game for your corporate event can include just the price of booking The Game for a corporate event, or we can give you an estimate for booking The Game that includes absolutely everything that goes into hiring The Game including all fees, flights, hotel, ground, production, green room requirements and our veteran production team onsite to make sure everything runs smoothly from load in to load out.
How Much Does It Cost To Hire The Game?
Looking for The Game booking cost, fee or pricing? When you are booking an act like The Game, many factors determine the final price, including the artist's touring schedule and other shows they may have in your area. Fill out an entertainment request form or call our offices at (212) 645-0555 and one of our booking agents will get you a pricing fee and availability for your date and assist you in booking The Game or a different well-known act for your next event.
How Do I Hire The Game For A Private Party?
Wondering how much does it cost to book The Game for a private concert or will The Game play a private party? Whether you are looking to book The Game for a wedding, private party or anniversary party, our The Game booking agent who specializes in booking The Game will be happy to help you to book The Game and take care of everything necessary to make sure the show is executed flawlessly. Fill out an entertainment request form or call our office at (212) 645-0555 and one of our The Game booking agents will assist you in hiring The Game for a private event anywhere in the world.
How do I hire The Game for a college concert from booking agencies that book concerts for colleges and universities?
Booking talent for college and university events is something Booking Entertainment has been helping college talent buyers do for almost 25 years. Whether you are looking to book The Game for a sorority party / fraternity party or a college concert event sponsored by the college entertainment committee, college talent buying is something we specialize in at Booking Entertainment. Simply fill out our form, email us or call the office and one of our college booking agents will be happy to help you make sure that every aspect of booking The Game or anyone else for you college event is taken care of to ensure your college or university concert runs smoothly and cost effectively.
How much does is it cost to book The Game for a college or university concert and are fees for booking college concerts less expensive?
When college entertainment buyers book famous entertainers such as The Game to play for college concerts, sorority parties or fraternity parties at colleges and universities, we know the acts tend to charge a lower fee than they would cost for a traditional public or private concert. Of course, how expensive it is to book college entertainment depending on how big of an act they are, but colleges and universities tend to get a better fee for booking big name entertainment for college and university events. One of our college entertainment booking agents will work closely with you to make sure you get the best possible price for your college's concert.
Buyers who don't have a lot of experience booking famous acts often find the process frustrating when they try to do it on their own. Our The Game agent that specializes in booking The Game can use our reputation and relationships to help you navigate the entertainment buying process and get your offer for booking The Game seriously considered. The artist's managers want to know that everything will be handled properly, and Booking Entertainment's stellar 23-year reputation and our attention to detail provide them with the peace of mind that the show will be flawlessly executed from beginning to end.
How Do I Book The Game For A Fundraiser or Gala?
Wondering how much does it cost to book The Game for a fundraiser or will The Game play a gala? Your assigned The Game agent will be happy to help you to book The Game and we can even take care of everything necessary to make sure booking The Game is easy and trouble free. Fill out our entertainment request form or call our office at (212) 645-0555 and one of our booking agents for The Game will assist you to book The Game or any other entertainer or celebrity for your next fundraiser or gala anywhere around the world.
How Do I Book The Game To Perform At My Wedding?
You might ask yourself, "How do I hire The Game for a wedding?" We have helped hundreds of clients book acts like The Game for weddings and wedding ceremonies worldwide. Your assigned Booking Entertainment agent will not only be happy to assist you in hiring The Game to perform at your wedding, we will be onsite to make sure booking The Game for your wedding is executed flawlessly.
Can I book The Game for a wedding and how much does it cost to book The Game to sing at a wedding?
If you are serious about booking The Game for a wedding, Booking Entertainment will gladly get you the The Game booking fee and availability for booking The Game for your wedding date. The price for booking The Game will include all of the fees and additional expenses necessary to hire The Game for a wedding including all production costs, flights, hotels, ground and green room requirements.
If I hire The Game to perform at my wedding, how do I integrate booking The Game into my wedding?
Hiring celebrity entertainment for a wedding is a great way to surprise the guests or even the bride or groom. When we book big name acts like The Game for weddings, we work closely with the wedding planner beforehand to make sure everything involved with the entertainment integrates seamlessly with the flow of the wedding . Our staff of veteran producers will then be onsite at the wedding to make sure when you book The Game for your wedding, everything runs smoothy from load in to load out.
How do I contact The Game's agent or The Game's manager?
Even if you have The Game contact information, The Game's management contact info like The Game's manger's email or even The Game's manager's phone number, you still need a company like Booking Entertainment to help coordinate everything that is necessary to book The Game to perform for your event. Agents and managers contact us all the time to help people that find the agency contact info or management contact info and contact the agents and mangers directly. Managers and agents trust our agency to handle everything to the industry standard as we have for almost 25 years.
How Do I Book A VIP Experience With The Game At A Event Or Concert?
With Booking Entertainment, booking premium seats and backstage meet & greets with The Game is easy and accessible to anyone around the world. Fill out an form or call our office at (212) 645-0555 and one of our agents will assist you to get pricing and availability to have The Game VIP experience at a concert or event.
Booking Entertainment works to get the best possible The Game booking fee and The Game price for our clients while also providing the celebrity or famous entertainer with the level of professionalism and industry norms that they expect from an event run by a professional booking agency and production management.
Booking Entertainment uses our agency / management relationships and over 23 years of production experience to help buyers of headline / top name entertainers and does not claim or represent itself as the exclusive The Game agent, manager or management company for any of the artists on our site.
Booking Entertainment does not claim or represent itself as the exclusive booking agency, business manager, publicist, speakers bureau or management for The Game or any artists or celebrities on this website.


The following pictures are taken from Yo-kai medals bought and scanned by Yo-kai Watch World. Some colours may vary due to a change of configuration during the project realisation.
Japanese medals are released by Bandai company which are not compatible with the Western medals released by Hasbro. These are no longer covered and you will only find Japanese medals online.
Yo-kai Watch World deeply thanks his teammate Mangetsu and all our supporters.


text:
Q: A signal with multiple frequencies... I'm doing an assignment on Fourier series in MATLAB.
The first part states:

Generate a signal with frequencies $50$Hz, $150$Hz and $300$Hz.

I can easily generate a signal with one frequency, but how do I generate one signal with all frequencies ?
Maybe I'm misinterpreting this.

A: You're overthinking it. Just add them together:
fs = 700;
t = (0 : 1/fs : 1)';
f = [ 50, 150, 300 ];
x = sum( cos(2*pi * t * f), 2 );

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Exhibition of works by Michael Golz on view at the Collection de l'Art Brut
Michael Golz's universe, which continues to develop and expand day by day, consists of both pictorial creations and a language enriched by a wealth of neologisms.
LAUSANNE.- "Athosland" is an imaginary country that Michael Golz (born in 1957) has invented totally from scratch. The work is a lifetime project on which this German creator, together with his brother Wulf, has been applying himself without a break since his childhood years (1960s). The resulting imaginary world is full of mountains, hills and lush green valleys through which rivers flow; these real-life elements coexist with the strange and marvelous. Wide-spreading highway and railroad grids criss-cross a country whose towns and villages possess an infrastructure that amply fulfills the needs of everyday life: stores, cafés, movie houses abound, as do post offices and banks. At the same time, the land's inhabitants suffer no constraints: they are wholeheartedly at liberty! Those who not wish to work, for instance, can take as much time off as they want; they can enjoy the swimming pools transformed into discos, since robots are there to replace them. Moreover, this alternative world accepts payments in the form of jacket buttons, grass blades or tree leaves... Indeed, pushing a simple button even enables the short-term return of deceased relatives or friends. Still and all, as idyllic as Athosland comes across, danger and evil are likewise present. Thus one can come across beasts such as the "Teufels-Ö-Ifiche" (devil creatures), who are in league with the malevolent natives, or the "Glätschviecher" (glacier beasts) with their ice-caked maws. Moreover, pollution threatens this fantasy land's lush landscapes, due to the presence of the "Bübsfabriken" — imposing chimney-capped factories expelling clouds of black and foul-smelling smoke.
Michael Golz's universe, which continues to develop and expand day by day, consists of both pictorial creations and a language enriched by a wealth of neologisms. The whole is embodied by a most impressive topographic map. Once all the different parts are assembled—which comes to no less than 150 cardboard sheets—that map measures 14 by 17 meters. Accompanying the map are drawings in colored pencil and felt-tip pen; these offer a precise depiction of the land's picturesque cities and villages. All the inhabitants of this land have long hair. Completing this monumental work is a series of thick, numbered binders: these are meant as travel guides of a kind. Binding together hundreds of sheets of paper sheathed in transparent adhesive film, they offer illustrated stories about the "Ifichen mem" — that is, the inhabitants of his utopian world.
The exhibition is organized jointly with the Thurgau Art Museum (Kartause Ittingen, Warth)
A bilingual (French and German) exhibition catalogue has been published for the occasion: Markus Landert, Christiane Jeckelmann (Director), Michael Gölz, Athosland/le pays d'Athos, Thurgau Art Museum, 2017, 63pp
Exhibition Curator: Sarah Lombardi, Director of the Collection de l'Art Brut
Reynolda House Museum of American Art presents 'Georgia O'Keeffe: Living Modern'
LUMA Foundation exhibits photographs by Annie Leibovitz
Exhibition of contemporary Chinese photography and the Cultural Revolution opens in Berlin
"Symbolism in Art of the Baltic States" to be shown at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris in 2018
Center for Women's History features Editta Sherman's photographs
A new book explores the influence of India on the work of British artist Howard Hodgkin
GOST Books publishes 'Pittsburgh 1950' by Elliott Erwitt
New Faculty of Fine Art, Music and Design designed by Snøhetta to open in October
Tomasso Brothers to presents omaggio to Florentine art at the Biennale Internazionale dell'Antiquariato di Firenze
New display in Brighton explores Jane Austen's relationship with coastal towns
BOZAR shines the spotlight on a great post-war Belgian designer: Ado Chale
Frederick Hammersley's creative process revealed in fall exhibition
FRONT International: Cleveland Triennial for Contemporary Art announces artist list
Bristol showcase for 200 emerging artist filmmakers
Brown Arts Initiative and Performa to launch new collaboration with co-commission of work by Kelly Nipper
The Contemporary Jewish Museum opens exhibition of work by Kutiman
Lafayette Anticipations will open in March 2018 in the heart of Paris
Hayoun Kwon presents an original work using virtual reality at Palais de Tokyo
Ismail Bahri's first major exhibition on view at Jeu de Paume
Edition Lammerhuber publishes 'Architecture of An Existential Threat' by Adam Reynolds
Descanso Gardens marks time with new elemental show

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Will male rompers be Columbus' best new trend?
Attention gentlemen, we've got big news in the style department. We know we're about a week behind the curve but we're coming in fashionably late, just like these RompHims. These male rompers come in three wearable styles that are perfect for any occasion: white for a casual outing in the Short North, peach when you've got a bit of attitude, and a button print when you're feeling just plain bonkers. They'll even have a special Fourth of July edition just in time for Red White and Boom.
Not only are these pieces stylish, they are also wildly functional.
C'mon, you can even wear them to the gym. Is there anything the RompHim can't do?
If you're ready to throw your phone in the nearest body of water after learning about this new trend, just remember: James Bond did it first and he can do no wrong by pretty much everyones' standards.
We know that if you made it this far down in the post, you support the male romper movement. What better way to show your support than recklessly spending your hard-earned money on their KickStarter? If you fear of these fading away into the abyss, chuck some money towards the cause here.


Amadeus announced the appointment of Angel Gallego as the new Western Europe Director. Gallego takes over from Paul de Villiers who has moved on to be General Manager, Savia Amadeus, the company's commercial organisation in Spain.
Madrid, 11 September 2006: Amadeus, a global leader in technology and distribution solutions for the travel and tourism industry, today announced the appointment of Angel Gallego as the new Western Europe Director. Gallego takes over from Paul de Villiers who has moved on to be General Manager, Savia Amadeus, the company's commercial organisation in Spain.
Gallego will be responsible for driving and implementing Amadeus' strategy and business plan in Western Europe, with the key objective of improving the results and profit contributions of most of the region's different business lines. Gallego and his team will also provide the link between Amadeus' central operations and local in-country units. Previously, Gallego held the post of Director, Latin America, where he led the creation, implementation and development of Amadeus' business strategy in the region, and generated considerable growth in the company's regional results during the past five years.
Julia Sattel, Amadeus Vice President - Europe, Middle East, Africa & Latin America, commented: "We have every confidence that Angel will be extremely successful in his new role, as he brings with him over ten years' experience in the travel and tourism industry and a superb track record within our business. Amadeus's growth in Western Europe is at a critical stage and his abilities will be invaluable in helping to further accelerate our expansion in the region."
Angel originally joined Amadeus in 2000 and previously he worked for American Express as Strategic Market Manager and Senior Marketing Executive, managing a wide range of pan-European responsibilities.
Gallego graduated with a degree in Law from the University of Madrid in 1992. He also holds a MBA from Escuela de Organización Industrial (EOI).


text:
const prepForComparison = require('./prep-for-comparison');

function executeRuleList(input, rule, values) {
  const firstMatch = values.find((value) => {
    const propertyValues = value[rule.property];
    if (!Array.isArray(propertyValues)) {
      return;
    }
    const found = propertyValues.find((propertyValue) => {
      const pv = prepForComparison(propertyValue, rule);
      return pv === input;
    });
    return !!found;
  });
  if (firstMatch) {
    return firstMatch.value;
  }
}

module.exports = executeRuleList;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


• When did you update your site?
The first alpha build of 1.2 is now available on our beta channel! No builds from the beta channel is recommended for production sites. Please don't install this on live sites, it's very unstable and we don't expect it to be usable until beta status. We're currently refactoring our codebase to not only use Nooku Framework Alpha 3 (Ninjaboard 1.1 is on Alpha 2, and the differences between the two is like Joomla 1.5 vs 1.6), but also to work on Joomla 1.6, 1.7 and on Nooku Server.
Sears Tower (recently renamed to Willis Tower) is the most famous landmark in Chicago. 103 stories up, at the top of the tower, you'll find the Sky Deck with wonderful views all across Chicago. Their website at http://www.theskydeck.com runs on Joomla.
The other day someone watching the platform at github asked me "Who is Joomla-jenkins?" That certainly seems to be someone doing a lot. Except it's not exactly someone. Jenkins is continuous integration software (a fork of the Hudson project) which is used to ensure the stability of the platform by running unit tests, style checks and various analytics.Ian MacLennan recently announced a process changewhere all pull requests (requests from someone to have code committed) should go to the staging branch.
Every Joomla! release has its moments of drama, tension, and transcendence. Inside the Joomla! Bug Squad in the run up to the release is always a flurry of intense activity. 1.7 was no different in that. While most people probably know that the release of Joomla! 1.7 was a first because it was a time based released: back in January it was announced that the release of 1.7 would be in July, and the great thing is that we did it to the exact date and minute that was picked in late June. That doesn't mean there were no hair raising moments, though!
After three long days at the Joomla Leadership Summit, a team of eleven Open Source Matters members from four continents met in San Jose, California for our annual summit. Yes, much pizza was eaten. No, we didn't spend too much time swimming in the hotel pool. Instead, we worked hard through seven sessions to pack as much Joomla goodness into two days as possible. We recognized that we couldn't solve all our challenges in this short period, so we created small groups and focused on action items to help build momentum and progress.
This is a report from the Joomla Leadership Summit now underway in San Jose, CA. Members of the Community Leadership Team (CLT), Production Leadership Team (PLT) and the board of Open Source Matters (OSM) are busy discussing the best foot forward in all areas of the project. The PLT had our summit in the days leading up to the overall Leadership Summit. We'll share shortly the results of that summit, but we wanted to get some direct feedback from the community on an issue that affects many.
We will soon be withdrawing our Joomla products from public download. Existing customers can re-download a copy from the customer download area for a limited time only. Very shortly all our Joomla products will be withdrawn from public download from our websites, this is the first stage. The second stage will be our support site, this will continue for a short while, however this too will removed, after which all support of our legacy Joomla extensions will cease.
Today we are announcing the end of support for DOCman 1.4. Released in February 2009 and downloaded more then 1 million times it has served us well for the past 2.5 years. With the end-of-life of DOCman 1.4 we are also officially saying goodbye to Joomla 1.0 which already reached its end of life on July 22, 2009.
Overhauling the frame and navigation for our Joomla template showcase is one of those things that has been on my todo list for way too long. In addition to showing tooltip images of the templates when you hover over the links (not a revolutionary feature I know), the Joomla version compatibility has also been added to the template info. I will be adding more stuff like a description and zen grid framework compatibility notice, as well as hopefully plugging in a theme variation drop down as well.
When did you update your site?
Hundreds of osCommerce shops have been hacked and are now used to spread malware and trojans. According to heise.de (a large german IT-magazine), the hackers used a security whole in osCommerce that has been fixed nine months ago! OK, you might not use osCommerce - but this leads to the question "When did you last update your site"? Are Joomla, Virtuemart and other extensions on your site up to date? If not, this might be a possible risk for you and (more important) for your users.


The New Testament in Gonja was translated by Jeanette Zwert, a World Evangelism for Christ missionary, aided by several young Gonja Christians. It was published in 1984. Since then, several thousand Gonja people have turned to Christ from reading this Good News, and thanks to the literacy work of Abdul-Rahim Adam, a Gonja chief who converted from Islam.
Since 1983, an NGO has put in place a functional literacy program and development projects among the Gonja people. These programs have clearly improved the status of many women and permitted them to improve their economic situation. In addition, parents who have learned to read are more motivated to educate their children and are better able to handle question of health, work, and agriculture.
Since the New Testament dedication in 1984, the Christians have awaited patiently for the day they will have the complete Bible in their language. They know that the writings of the Old Testament are a bridge to their Muslim countrymen, as numerous stories correspond to those of the Qur'an.


text:
U.S. deaths from cervical cancer may be underestimated
January 23, 2017 / 11:30 AM / HealthDay
The number of women who die from cervical cancer in the United States may be higher than previously believed, and the risk is greatest among older and black women, a new study finds.
"This is a preventable disease and women should not be getting it, let alone dying from it," study leader Anne Rositch, an assistant professor of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, said in a Hopkins news release.
Due to big advances in early detection, such as the Pap test, it's long been thought that cervical cancer had made a big retreat in the United States.
But the researchers note that prior estimates of cervical cancer death had included women who'd already had a hysterectomy -- which can include removal of the uterus and cervix. One in five women in the United States has had a hysterectomy, according to the researchers.
Medical tests critical for women's health 01:29
Preventive screening such as the Pap test looks for signs of malignancy or pre-malignancy in the cervix, so it is only useful in reducing deaths from cervical cancer in women who have not undergone a hysterectomy, the researchers explained.
Their new calculation approach excludes women who'd had a hysterectomy.
When those women were factored out, Rositch's team found that U.S. cervical cancer deaths are 77 percent higher among black women and 47 percent higher among white women than previously thought.
The prior rate of cervical cancer death among black women older than 20 was 5.7 per 100,000 each year, while it was 3.2 per 100,000 each year among white women.
But when women who'd had a hysterectomy were excluded from the analysis, the rate in black women rose to more than 10 per 100,000 per year and to 4.7 per 100,000 per year in white women.
"These data tell us that as long as a woman retains her cervix, it is important that she continue to obtain recommended screening for cervical cancer since the risk of death from the disease remains significant well into older age," Rositch said.
The research also found that many women who die from cervical cancer are older than 65, the recommended cut-off age for regular cervical cancer screening.
Each year in the United States, there are 12,000 cases of cervical cancer and 4,000 deaths from the disease. But routine screening can prevent cervical cancer.
The study findings emphasize the need to learn more about the risks associated with cervical cancer in older and black women, and to determine the best screening and treatment options for these women, according to the researchers.
"Since the goal of a screening program is to ultimately reduce mortality from cervical cancer, then you must have accurate estimates within the population targeted by those programs -- adult women with a cervix," Rositch explained.
"These findings motivate us to better understand why, despite the wide availability of screening and treatment, older and black women are still dying from cervical cancer at such high rates in the United States," she added.
Two gynecologists who reviewed the findings agreed that better screening -- for all women -- is key to reducing the death toll from cervical cancer.
"The disparity in cervical cancer rates between whites and blacks illustrates the difference in medical care received by different populations in the United States," said Dr. Jennifer Wu, an obstetrician/gynecologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.
"This is an ongoing problem with many socioeconomic factors," she said. "Better community outreach for preventative care and also special attention for high risk populations may help to decrease rates of cervical cancer."
Dr. Mitchell Maiman is chair of obstetrics and gynecology at Staten Island University Hospital, also in New York City.
He said that "every effort must be made to insure that modern concepts in cervical cancer screening are executed. We must monitor our HPV vaccine programs with the goal of universal participation, and make sure that there are no racial disparities in its implementation."
The study appears in the Jan. 23 issue of the journal Cancer.
First published on January 23, 2017 / 11:30 AM
© 2017 HealthDay. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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A number of therapists and other professionals describe ourselves as affirming. But what exactly does that mean? Affirming an identity means we recognize that no matter how much we embrace it, understand it, or participate in it, we're still part of a mainstream culture that tries to erase it.
Everyone has their ups and downs, but how do you know when it's more than just regular life stuff? Sometimes it can be hard to tell, especially if you have been feeling that way for a long time. Here are a few ways that depression can show up in your life.


EnableDisable for Office provides a quick and easy way to enable or disable Microsoft Office add-ins, so perhaps improving performance and stability. It supports every version of Office from 2000 to 2013, both 32 and 64-bit.
The program has a very straightforward interface. On launch you'll see tabs for the various components. Clicking "Outlook", say, displays every installed add-in, whether it's enabled or not, its load behaviour (startup or demand), name and description. And you can disable any particular add-in by simply checking the box to its left.
You can do precisely the same thing from Office, of course, although it takes a few more clicks (File > Options > Add-ins > Go). There's a little more jargon involved ("COM" Add-Ins), and you don't get quite as much information provided up-front (there's no add-in description displayed, and you can't see the load behaviour of an add-in unless you select it).
Of course you don't have to install and run a separate program to use the standard Office dialogs, and they do also include extra options, like the ability to remove, rather than just disable, an add-in.
But despite this, EnableDisable for Office's extreme simplicity may appeal to less technical users.


text:
Home/DH Latest News/Russian soldiers are getting ready to work in hazardous radioactive environments, informs Moscow
DH Latest NewsDH NEWSLatest NewsNEWSInternational
Russian soldiers are getting ready to work in hazardous radioactive environments, informs Moscow
Oct 25, 2022, 11:58 am IST
After accusing Ukraine of preparing to explode a 'dirty bomb,' which Kyiv has categorically rejected, Moscow announced on Monday that it had trained its personnel to work in radioactive contamination.
It was the first explicit declaration from Moscow of a shift in its forces' state of readiness following weeks of escalating international tension and threats by President Vladimir Putin to defend Russia's 'territorial integrity' with nuclear weapons.
The device uses conventional explosives packed with radioactive material to spread contamination over a large region, and it is thought by Moscow that Ukraine is planning to explode such a bomb, according to Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, who spoke to Western defence ministers on Sunday.
At a press conference on Monday, Lieutenant General Igor Kirillov, the commander of Russia's nuclear, biological, and chemical protection forces, stated that the goal of such an attack would be to blame Russia for the radioactive contamination by claiming that it had accidentally detonated a low-grade nuclear weapon.