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Tag Archives: David Attenborough
Reading from the Wainwright Prize Longlists
By Rebecca Foster on August 3, 2021 | 30 Comments
The Wainwright Prize is one that I've ended up following closely almost by accident, simply because I tend to read most of the nature books released in the UK in any given year. A few months back I cheekily wrote to the prize director, proffering myself as a judge and appending a list of eligible titles I hoped were in consideration. Although they already had a full judging roster for 2021, I got a very kind reply thanking me for my recommendations and promising to bear me in mind for the future. Fifteen of my 25 suggestions made it onto the lists below.
This is the second year that there have been two awards, one for writing on UK nature and the other on global conservation themes. Tomorrow (August 4th) at 4 p.m., the longlists will be narrowed down to shortlists. I happened to have read and reviewed 12 of the nominees already, and I have a few others in progress.
UK nature writing longlist:
The Circling Sky by Neil Ansell: Hoping to reclaim an ancestral connection, Ansell visited the New Forest some 30 times between January 2019 and January 2020, observing the unfolding seasons and the many uncommon and endemic species its miles house. He weaves together his personal story, the shocking history of forced Gypsy relocation into forest compounds starting in the 1920s, and the unfairness of land ownership in Britain. The New Forest is a model of both wildlife-friendly land management and freedom of human access. (On my Best of 2021 so far list.)
T he Screaming Sky by Charles Foster: A Renaissance man as well versed in law and theology as he is in natural history, Foster is obsessed with swifts and ashamed of his own species: for looking down at their feet when they could be watching the skies; for the "pathological tidiness" that leaves birds and other creatures no place to live. He delivers heaps of information on the birds but refuses to stick to a just-the-facts approach. The book quotes frequently from poetry and the prose is full of sharp turns of phrase and whimsy. (Also on my Best of 2021 so far list.)
Featherhood by Charlie Gilmour: As an aimless twentysomething, Gilmour tried to rekindle a relationship with his unreliable poet father at the same time that he and his wife were pondering starting a family of their own. Meanwhile, he was raising Benzene, a magpie that fell out of the nest and ended up in his care. The experience taught him responsibility and compassionate care for another creature. Gilmour makes elegant use of connections and metaphors. He's so good at scenes, dialogue and emotion – a natural writer.
Seed to Dust by Marc Hamer: Hamer paints a loving picture of his final year at the 12-acre British garden he tended for decades. In few-page essays, the book journeys through a gardener's year. This is creative nonfiction rather than straightforward memoir. The prose is adorned with lovely metaphors. In places, the language edges towards purple and the content becomes repetitive – a danger of the diary format. However, the focus on emotions and self-perception – rare for a male nature writer – is refreshing. (Reviewed for Foreword.)
The Stubborn Light of Things by Melissa Harrison: A collection of five and a half years' worth of Harrison's monthly Nature Notebook columns for The Times. Initially based in South London, Harrison moved to the Suffolk countryside in late 2017. In the grand tradition of Gilbert White, she records when she sees her firsts of a year. I appreciate how hands-on and practical Harrison is. She never misses an opportunity to tell readers about ways they can create habitat for wildlife and get involved in citizen science projects. (Reviewed for Shiny New Books.)
Birdsong in a Time of Silence by Steven Lovatt: During the UK's first lockdown, with planes grounded and cars stationary, many remarked on the quiet. All the better to hear birds going about their usual spring activities. For Lovatt, it was the excuse he needed to return to his childhood birdwatching hobby. In between accounts of his spring walks, he tells lively stories of common birds' anatomy, diet, lifecycle, migration routes, and vocalizations. Lovatt's writing is introspective and poetic, delighting in metaphors for sounds.
Vesper Flights by Helen Macdonald: Though written for various periodicals and ranging in topic from mushroom-hunting to deer–vehicle collisions and in scope from deeply researched travel pieces to one-page reminiscences, these essays form a coherent whole. Equally reliant on argument and epiphany, the book has more to say about human–animal interactions in one of its essays than some whole volumes manage. Her final lines are always breath-taking. I'd rather read her writing on any subject than almost any other author's. (My top nonfiction release of 2020.)
Skylarks with Rosie by Stephen Moss: Devoting a chapter each to the first 13 weeks of the initial UK lockdown, Moss traces the season's development in Somerset alongside his family's experiences and what was emerging on the national news. He welcomed migrating birds and marked his first sightings of butterflies and other insects. Nature came to him, too. For once, he felt that he had truly appreciated the spring, noting its every milestone and "rediscovering the joys of wildlife-watching close to home."
Thin Places by Kerri ní Dochartaigh: I received a proof copy from Canongate and twice tried the first few pages, but couldn't wade through the excessive lyricism (and downright incorrect information – weaving a mystical description of a Winter Moth's flight, she keeps referring to the creature as "she," whereas when I showed the passage to my entomologist husband he told me that the females of that species are flightless). I'm told it develops into an eloquent memoir of growing up during the Troubles. Perhaps reminiscent of The Outrun?
Into the Tangled Bank by Lev Parikian: A delightfully Bryson-esque tour that moves ever outwards, starting with the author's own home and garden and proceeding to take in his South London patch and his journeys around the British Isles before closing with the wonders of the night sky. By slowing down to appreciate what is all around us, he proposes, we might enthuse others to engage with nature. With the zeal of a recent convert, he guides readers through momentous sightings and everyday moments of connection. (When I reviewed this in July 2020, I correctly predicted it would make the longlist!)
English Pastoral by James Rebanks: This struck me for its bravery, good sense and humility. The topics of the degradation of land and the dangers of intensive farming are of the utmost importance. Daring to undermine his earlier work and his online persona, the author questions the mythos of modern farming, contrasting its practices with the more sustainable and wildlife-friendly ones his grandfather espoused. Old-fashioned can still be best if it means preserving soil health, river quality and the curlew population.
I Belong Here by Anita Sethi: I recently skimmed this from the library. Two things are certain: 1) BIPOC writers should appear more frequently on prize lists, so it's wonderful that Sethi is here; 2) this book was poorly put together. It's part memoir of an incident of racial abuse, part political manifesto, and part quite nice travelogue. The parts don't make a whole. The contents are repetitive and generic (definitions, overstretched metaphors). Sethi had a couple of strong articles here, not a whole book. I blame her editors for not eliciting better.
The Wild Silence by Raynor Winn: I only skimmed this, too. I got the feeling her publisher was desperate to capitalize on the popularity of her first book and said "give us whatever you have," cramming drafts of several different projects (a memoir that went deeper into the past, a 'what happened next' sequel to The Salt Path, and an Iceland travelogue) into one book and rushing it through to publication. Winn's writing is still strong, though; she captures dialogue and scenes naturally, and you believe in how much the connection to the land matters to her.
Global conservation longlist:
Like last year, I've read much less from this longlist since I gravitate more towards nature writing and memoirs than to hard or popular science. So I have read, am reading or plan to read about half of this list, as opposed to pretty much all of the other one.
Islands of Abandonment by Cal Flyn: This was on my Most Anticipated list for 2021 and I treated myself to a copy while we were up in Northumberland. I'm nearly a third of the way through this fascinating, well-written tour of places where nature has spontaneously regenerated due to human neglect: depleted mining areas in Scotland, former conflict zones, Soviet collective farms turned feral, sites of nuclear disaster, and so on. I'm about to start the chapter on Chernobyl, which I expect to echo Mark O'Connell's Notes from an Apocalypse.
What If We Stopped Pretending? by Jonathan Franzen: The message of this controversial 2019 New Yorker essay is simple: climate breakdown is here, so stop denying it and talking of "saving the planet"; it's too late. Global warming is locked in; the will is not there to curb growth, overhaul economies, and ask people to relinquish developed world lifestyles. Instead, start preparing for the fallout (refugees) and saving what can be saved (particular habitats and species). Franzen is realistic about human nature and practical about what to do next.
Entangled Life by Merlin Sheldrake: Sheldrake's enthusiasm is infectious as he researches fungal life in the tropical forests of Panama, accompanies truffle hunters in Italy, and takes part in a clinical study on the effects of LSD (derived from a fungus). More than a travel memoir, though, this is a work of proper science – over 100 pages are taken up by notes, bibliography and index. This is a perspective-altering text that reveals our unconscious species bias. I've recommended it widely, even to those who tend not to read nonfiction.
Ice Rivers by Jemma Wadham: I have this out from the library and am two-thirds through. Wadham, a leading glaciologist, introduces readers to the science of glaciers: where they are, what lives on and under them, how they move and change, and the grave threats they face (and, therefore, so do we). The science, even dumbed down, is a little hard to follow, but I love experiencing extreme landscapes like Greenland and Antarctica with her. She neatly inserts tiny mentions of her personal life, such as her mother's death, a miscarriage and a benign brain cyst.
The rest of the longlist is:
A Life on Our Planet by David Attenborough – I've never read a book by Attenborough (and tend to worry this sort of book would be ghostwritten), but wouldn't be averse to doing so.
Fathoms by Rebecca Giggs – All about whales. Kate raved about it. I have this on hold at the library.
Net Zero: How We Stop Causing Climate Change by Dieter Helm
Under a White Sky by Elizabeth Kolbert – I have read her before and would again.
Riders on the Storm by Alistair McIntosh – My husband has read several of his books and rates them highly.
The New Climate War by Michael E. Mann
The Reindeer Chronicles by Judith D. Schwartz – I've been keen to read this one.
A World on the Wing by Scott Weidensaul – My husband is reading this from the library.
My predictions/wishes for the shortlists:
It's high time that a woman won again. And why not for both, eh? (Amy Liptrot is still the only female winner in the Prize's seven-year history, for The Outrun in 2016.)
UK nature writing:
The Circling Sky by Neil Ansell
The Screaming Sky by Charles Foster
Featherhood by Charlie Gilmour
Vesper Flights by Helen Macdonald*
English Pastoral by James Rebanks
I Belong Here by Anita Sethi
The Wild Silence by Raynor Winn
Writing on global conservation:
Islands of Abandonment by Cal Flyn*
Fathoms by Rebecca Giggs
Under a White Sky by Elizabeth Kolbert
Entangled Life by Merlin Sheldrake
Ice Rivers by Jemma Wadham
A World on the Wing by Scott Weidensaul
*Overall winners, if I had my way.
Have you read anything from the Wainwright Prize longlists?
Do any of these books interest you?
Posted in: Literary Prizes, Nonfiction Reviews | Tagged: Alistair McIntosh, Amy Liptrot, Anita Sethi, Antarctica, Cal Flyn, Charles Foster, Charlie Gilmour, climate change, conservation, David Attenborough, Dieter Helm, Elizabeth Kolbert, environmentalism, essays, farming, fungi, gardening, glaciers, Greenland, Helen Macdonald, James Rebanks, Jemma Wadham, Jonathan Franzen, Judith D. Schwartz, Kerri ní Dochartaigh, Lev Parikian, lockdown, magpie, Marc Hamer, Mark O'Connell, Melissa Harrison, memoirs, Merlin Sheldrake, Michael E. Mann, nature writing, Neil Ansell, New Forest, Raynor Winn, Rebecca Giggs, Scott Weidensaul, Somerset, spring, Stephen Moss, Steven Lovatt, swifts, travel books, Wainwright Prize
Wigtown Book Festival 2020: The Bookshop Band, Bythell, O'Connell & Stuart
By Rebecca Foster on October 5, 2020 | 13 Comments
During the coronavirus pandemic, we have had to take small pleasures where we can. One of the highlights of lockdown for me has been the chance to participate in literary events like book-themed concerts, prize shortlist announcements, book club discussions, live literary award ceremonies and book festivals that time, distance and cost might otherwise have precluded.
In May I attended several digital Hay Festival events, and this September to early October I've been delighted to journey back to Wigtown, Scotland – even if only virtually.
The Bookshop Band
The Bookshop Band have been a constant for me this year. After watching their 21 Friday evening lockdown shows on Facebook, as well as a couple of one-off performances for other festivals, I have spent so much time with them in their living room that they feel more like family than a favorite band. Add to that four of the daily breakfast chat shows from the Wigtown Book Festival and I've seen them play over 25 times this year already!
(The still below shows them with, clockwise from bottom left, guests Emma Hooper, Stephen Rutt and Jason Webster.)
Ben and Beth's conversations with featured authors and local movers and shakers, punctuated by one song per guest, were pleasant to have on in the background while working. The songs they performed were, ideally, written for those authors' books, but other times just what seemed most relevant; at times this was a stretch! I especially liked seeing Donal Ryan, about whose The Spinning Heart they've recently written a terrific song; Kate Mosse, who has been unable to write during lockdown so (re)read 200 books instead, including all of Agatha Christie, Ngaio Marsh et al.; and Ned Beauman, who is nearing the deadline for his next novel, a near-future story of two scientists looking for traces of the venomous lumpsucker (a made-up fish) in the Baltic Sea. Closer to science fiction than his previous work, it's a funny take on extinctions, he said. I've read all of his published work, so I'm looking forward to this one.
Shaun Bythell
The opening event of the Festival was an in-person chat between Lee Randall and Shaun Bythell in Wigtown, rather than the split-screen virtual meet-ups that made up the rest of my viewing. Bythell, owner of The Book Shop, has become Wigtown's literary celebrity through The Diary of a Bookseller and its sequel. In early November he has a new book coming out, Seven Kinds of People You Find in Bookshops. I'm halfway through it and it has more substance than its stocking-stuffer dimensions would imply. Within his seven categories are multiple subcategories, all given tongue-in-cheek Latin names, as if he's naming species.
The Book Shop closed for 116 days during COVID-19: the only time in more than 40 years that it has been closed for longer than just over the Christmas holidays. He said that it has been so nice to see customers again; they've been a ray of sunshine for him, something the curmudgeon would never usually say! Business has been booming since his reopening, with Agatha Christie his best seller – it's not just Mosse who's turning to cozy mysteries. He's also been touched by the kindness of strangers, such as one from Monaco who sent him £300, having read an article by Margaret Atwood about how hard it is for small businesses just now and hoping it would help the shop survive until they could get there in person.
(Below: Bythell on his 50th birthday, with Captain the cat.)
Randall and Bythell discussed a few of the types of customers he regularly encounters. One is the autodidact, who knows more than you and intends for you to know it. This is not the same, though, as the expert who actually helps you by sharing their knowledge (of a rare cover version on an ordinary-looking crime paperback, for instance). There's also the occultists, the erotica browsers, the local historians and the young families – now that he has one of his own, he's become a bit more tolerant.
Mark O'Connell
Appearing from Dublin, Mark O'Connell was interviewed by Scottish writer and critic Stuart Kelly about his latest book, Notes from an Apocalypse (my review). He noted that, while all authors hope their books are timely, perhaps he overshot with this one! The book opens with climate change as the most immediate threat, yet now he feels that "has receded as the locus of anxiety." O'Connell described the "flattened" experience of being alive at the moment and contrasted it with the existential awfulness of his research travels. For instance, he read a passage from the book about being at an airport Yo Sushi! chain and having a vision of horror at the rampant consumerism its conveyor belt seemed to represent.
Kelly characterized O'Connell's personal, self-conscious approach to the end of the world as "brave," while O'Connell said, "in terms of mental health, I should have chosen any other topic!" Having children creates both vulnerability and possibility, he contended, and "it doesn't do you any good as a parent to indulge in those predilections [towards extreme pessimism]." They discussed preppers' white male privilege, New Zealand and Mars as havens, and Greta Thunberg and David Attenborough as saints of the climate crisis.
O'Connell pinpointed Dr. Seuss's The Lorax as the work he spends more time on in his book than any other; none of your classic nihilist literature here, and he deliberately avoided bringing up biblical references in his secular approach. In terms of the author he's reached for most over the last few years, and especially during lockdown, it's got to be Annie Dillard. Speaking of the human species, he opined, "it should not be unimaginable that we should cease to exist at some point."
This talk didn't add much to my experience of reading the book (vice versa would probably be true, too – I got the gist of Roman Krznaric's recent thinking from his Hay Festival talk and so haven't been engaging with his book as much as I'd like), but it was nice to see O'Connell 'in person' since he couldn't make it to the 2018 Wellcome Book Prize ceremony.
Glasgow-born Douglas Stuart is a fashion designer in New York City. Again the interviewer was Lee Randall, an American journalist based in Edinburgh – she joked that she and Stuart have swapped places. Stuart said he started writing his Booker-shortlisted novel, Shuggie Bain, 12 years ago, and kept it private for much of that time. Although he and Randall seemed keen to downplay how autobiographical the work is, like his title character, Stuart grew up in 1980s Glasgow with an alcoholic single mother. As a gay boy, he felt he didn't have a voice in Thatcher's Britain. He knew many strong women who were looked down on for being poor.
It's impossible to write an apolitical book about poverty (or a Glasgow book without dialect), Stuart acknowledged, yet he insisted that the novel is primarily "a portrait of two souls moving through the world," a love story about Shuggie and his mother, Agnes. The author read a passage from the start of Chapter 2, when readers first meet Agnes, the heart of the book. Randall asked about sex as currency and postulated that all Agnes – or any of these characters; or any of us, really – wants is someone whose face lights up when they see you.
The name "Shuggie" was borrowed from a small-town criminal in his housing scheme; it struck him as ironic that a thug had such a sweet nickname. Stuart said that writing the book was healing for him. He thinks that men who drink and can't escape poverty are often seen as loveable rogues, while women are condemned for how they fail their children. Through Agnes, he wanted to add some nuance to that double standard.
The draft of Shuggie Bain was 900 pages, single-spaced, but his editor helped him cut it while simultaneously drawing out the important backstories of Agnes and some other characters. He had almost finished his second novel by the time Shuggie was published, so he hopes it will be with readers soon.
[I have reluctantly DNFed Shuggie Bain at p. 100, but I'll keep my proof copy on the shelf in case one day I feel like trying it again – especially if, as seems likely, it wins the Booker Prize.]
Posted in: Events | Tagged: Agatha Christie, alcoholism, Annie Dillard, apocalypticism, Baltic Sea, climate change, consumerism, COVID-19, David Attenborough, dialect, Donal Ryan, Douglas Stuart, Dr. Seuss, Emma Hooper, extinction, Glasgow, Greta Thunberg, Hay Festival, Jason Webster, Kate Mosse, Latin, Lee Randall, literary festivals, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Thatcher, Mark O'Connell, Mars, Monaco, Ned Beauman, New Zealand, Ngaio Marsh, poverty, Roman Krznaric, Scotland, Shaun Bythell, Stephen Rutt, Stuart Kelly, The Bookshop Band, Wellcome Book Prize, Wigtown, Wigtown Book Festival
New Networks for Nature 2018
This past weekend was my fourth time attending part of Nature Matters, the annual New Networks for Nature conference. I've written about it here a couple of times, once when there was a particular focus on nature poetry and another time when it was held in Cambridge. This year it was back in Stamford for a last time for the 10th anniversary. Next year: York.
What's so special about the conference is its interdisciplinary nature: visual artists, poets, musicians, writers, politicians, academics and conservationists alike attend and present. So although the event might seem geared more towards my biologist husband, there's always plenty to interest me, too. The roster is a who's who of British nature writing: Mark Avery, Tim Birkhead, Mark Cocker, Mary Colwell, Miriam Darlington, Richard Kerridge, Peter Marren, Michael McCarthy, Stephen Moss, Adam Nicolson, Katharine Norbury, Ruth Padel, Laurence Rose and Mike Toms were all there this year. I also appreciate the atmosphere of friendly disagreement about what nature is and how best to go about conserving it.
I attended on Friday, a jam-packed day of sessions that began with Bob Gibbons presenting on the flowers and wildlife of Transylvania, a landscape and culture that are still almost medieval in character. Then Jeremy Mynott interviewed Mark Cocker about his latest book, Our Place: Can We Save Britain's Wildlife before It Is Too Late? I've read other Cocker books, but not this one yet. Its main point seems to be that the country's environmental organizations need to work together. Individuals and NGOs are doing passionate and wonderful things towards nature conservation, Cocker said, but overall "we ain't getting there." Bad news doesn't sell, though, he noted: his book has sold just 6,000 copies compared to 30,000 for Wilding, Isabella Tree's story of the rewilding success at Knepp.
Mark Cocker
Cocker refused to define nature in a one-sentence soundbite, but argued that we have to consider ourselves a part of it rather than thinking about it as a victim 'out there' (the closest he came to a definition was "the totality of the system we are a part of"). "Our responsibility, terrifyingly, is unending," he said – every time you open a new plastic toothbrush, you can't forget that the old one you throw away will effectively be around forever. Our Place isn't just composed of polemic, though: it's structured around six beloved landscapes and finds moments of transcendence in being out in nature. You find hope by walking out the door, feeling the wind on your face and hearing the starling singing, Cocker remarked. He closed by reading a description from the book of the north Norfolk coast.
Either side of lunch were panels on how social media (mostly Twitter, plus smartphone apps) can serve nature and the role that poetry might play in environmental activism, with a brief interlude from visual artist Derek Robertson, who responded to the refugee crisis by traveling to Calais and Jordan and painting human figures alongside migratory birds. In the poetry session I especially enjoyed hearing from Ben Smith, a University of Plymouth lecturer and poet with a debut novel coming out in April 2019 (Doggerland, from Fourth Estate). He recently collaborated with Dr. Lee de Mora on a set of poems inspired by the Earth System Model, which provides the data for the International Panel on Climate Change. Climate modeling might seem an odd subject for poetry, but it provides excellent metaphors for failure and hope in "Spinning Up," "Data Sets" and "Alternate Histories."
Ben Smith's poem links unlikely subjects: surfing and climate modeling. Photo by Chris Foster.
Birmingham lecturer Isabel Galleymore, whose debut collection Significant Other is coming out from Carcanet Press in March, talked about how she uses the tropes of love poetry (praise, intimacy, pursuit and loss) when writing about environmental crisis. This shift in her focus began at university when she studied Wordsworth through an ecocritical lens, she said. Jos Smith and Luke Thompson were the other two poets on a panel chaired by Matt Howard. Howard quoted Keats – "We hate poetry that has a design on us" – and asked the poets for reactions. Smith agreed that polemic and poetry don't mix well, yet said it's good to have a reason for writing. He thinks it's best when you can hold two or more ideas in play at a time.
After tea and a marvelous cake spread, it was time for a marathon of three sessions in a row, starting with three short presentations on seabirds: one by a researcher, one by a nature reserve manager, and one by a young artist who produced Chinese-style scroll paintings of the guillemot breeding colonies on Skomer and exhibited them in Sheffield Cathedral.
Next up was a highlight of the weekend: Green Party MP Caroline Lucas and Labour peer Baroness Barbara Young conversed with Michael McCarthy on the topic "Can Conventional Politics Save the Environment?" Both decried short-term thinking, the influence of corporations and the media, and government departments not working together. No one was ever elected on the promise of "less," McCarthy suggested, but in reply Lucas talked about redefining terms: less of what? more of what? If we think in terms of quality of life, things like green energy and the sharing economy will become more appealing. She also believes that more people care about green issues than we think, but, e.g., a London mum might speak out about air quality without ever using the word "environment." Baroness Young concluded that "adversarial politics, flip-flopping between parties, isn't working" and we must get beyond it, at the local level if nothing else. That rang true for me for American politics, too.
Young, McCarthy and Lucas. Photo by Chris Foster.
Before the day ended with a drinks reception, we were treated to a completely different presentation by Lloyd Buck, who raises and trains birds, mostly for television footage. So, for instance, the greylag geese flying in formation alongside the boat in David Attenborough's 2012 Sixty Years in the Wild TV special had imprinted on Lloyd's wife, Rose. Buck spoke about bonding with birds of very different personalities, and introduced the audience to five starlings (who appeared in Poldark), a peregrine, a gyrfalcon, a golden eagle, and Bran the raven, who showed his intelligence by solving several puzzles to find hidden chunks of meat.
Lloyd Buck with golden eagle. Photo by Chris Foster.
Tim Birkhead assists with starlings. Photo by Chris Foster.
I purchased two books of poetry from the bookstall – I had no idea Darlington had written poetry before her nature books – and the conference brochure itself is a wonderful 75-page collection of recent artwork and short nature writing pieces, including most of the presenters but also Patrick Barkham, Tim Dee, Paul Evans, Philip Hoare, Richard Mabey, Helen Macdonald and Chris Packham – a keynote speaker announced for next year. I've been skipping through the booklet and have most enjoyed the pieces by Melissa Harrison and Helen Scales so far. Altogether, an inspiring and worthwhile weekend.
Would any of the conference's themes or events have interested you?
Posted in: Events | Tagged: Adam Nicolson, Barbara Young, Ben Smith, Carcanet Press, Caroline Lucas, Chris Packham, David Attenborough, Derek Robertson, Fourth Estate, Helen Macdonald, Helen Scales, Isabel Galleymore, Jeremy Mynott, Jos Smith, Katharine Norbury, Laurence Rose, Lloyd Buck, Luke Thompson, Mark Avery, Mark Cocker, Mary Colwell, Matt Howard, Melissa Harrison, Michael McCarthy, Mike Toms, Miriam Darlington, Nature Matters, nature writing, New Networks for Nature, Patrick Barkham, Paul Evans, Peter Marren, Philip Hoare, poetry, politics, Richard Kerridge, Richard Mabey, Ruth Padel, seabirds, Sheffield, Skomer, social media, Stamford, Stephen Moss, Tim Birkhead, Tim Dee


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Q: Android ListView обновляется не сразу Я вас категорически приветствую. Решил сделать фильтр для ListView через ввод в EditText.
public class ItemListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Item> { //класс адаптера

    private ArrayList<Item> filteredList;
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        //код

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ListView находится внутри фрагмента, а EditText в основной активности. Взаимодейтсвие между ними реализовал через интерфейс ListViewSorter sorter:
sorter = new ListViewSorter() {
    @Override
    public void inputSort(String s) {
        myListAdapter.filter(s); //фильтрую
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EditText editText:
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        }
    });

Проблема в том, что список обновляется после прямого взаимодействия с ним (нажатие, скроллинг...), хотя должен сразу после фильтрации. invalidateViews() notifyDataSetChanged() refreshDrawableState() - ничего из этого не помогает.

A: Могу ошибаться но вам нужно повесить не обработчик нажатия на EditText а обработчик изменения текста. Что-то такое :
editText.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {

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public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {}

@Override
public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start,
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public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start,
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A couple of weeks ago I decided to buy a new summer toy and focus on my floating/fly fishing this season. I am really excited to spend as many days on the river as possible. My NRS Otter 140 with NRS Custom Fishing Frame arrived last Friday so I took it out on the maiden voyage on Saturday with a few friends on the Clark Fork River. The boat itself is wonderful. A lot more room than what I am used to in our older 13′ Outcast raft.
This was also Hurley's first trip down the river. He didn't skip a beat and acted like he was a seasoned pro. I'm glad he loved the boat and that he will be with me every trip I go on.
It was a rather windy and chilly day but the fish were feeding. Had the best luck on a skwala but the gray drake hatch was going strong (when the wind was calm). Overall, the day was a success and the boat stayed afloat.


text:
U.S. National Interests and the Syrian Civil War
John R. Houk
© April 28, 2013
Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime is using chemical weapons to stop the momentum of the Syrian rebels from dethroning the Assad regime. Now I realize perhaps a half to even more than a half of the Rebels are radical Muslims perhaps making them no worse than Assad's secular-socialized government dominated by Syria's Alawite-Shia (See Here, Here and Here) minority. Nonetheless, chemical weapons are supposed to be illegal by international convention. I am guessing the U.N. Security Council could empower military sanctions against Assad's regime.
Now I know many Conservatives – Danny Jeffrey comes to mind – are against the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect (R2P). R2P apparently has a few criticisms such as providing an excuse to invade to accomplish the National Interests of perhaps an agreed coalition bloc of nations. And perhaps R2P could embroil the USA in a war that is conducted beyond the pale of the U.S. Constitution.
I believe removing Assad is as much in the National Interests of the USA as there is a R2P military reason to save civilian lives. Now Danny Jeffrey's concern is that R2P strategy is an Obama mask to discreetly aid invading Arab or Muslim armies to take down the Leftist perceived threat to world peace in the Jewish State of Israel. With Obama at the helm of the U.S. government I can see Danny's view of a reprehensible motive behind the Obama R2P agenda. President Barack Hussein Obama is NO friend of Israel. Obama has gone beyond satisfying political correctness by saying Palestinians deserve a sovereign nation to forcing the issue including robbing Israel of half its capital city of Jerusalem and giving that to Jew-Hating Arabs who call themselves Palestinians.
Why is it in America's National Interest to remove Bashar al-Assad? Anything that throws a monkey wrench into the radical Islamic agenda of America's enemy Iran is good for America and perhaps signals those Twelver maniacs that American muscle might actually spank Iran for making good on their threats to drive Israeli Jews into the sea.
The fine line at issue is what will the U.S. government do after aiding Syrian rebels to give the Assad regime a boot? It would be crazy to get rid of Assad and allow a radical Muslim government to form to be the Sunni mirror image of Iran's Shi'ite Twelver radical Muslim government.
The information I have managed to cull about the nature of the Syrian Rebels is that the Islamist militias - especially Jabhat al Nusra - are gaining infrastructure control of the rebel held land in Syria. Even though the secular or more moderate Muslim rebels figured prominently early in the Syrian Rebellion against Assad, it appears the radical Muslims by virtue of infrastructure possession would evolve into the controlling faction of any future Syrian government absent of Assad. This would not be good for American National Interests. A Sunni Islamist theocratic nation will be as much of an enemy of the USA and Israel as Iran is. Indeed I suspect Iran would make friendly overtures to a Sunni Islamist regime even though Iran represents Shia Islam. Just for perspective you should know that Sunnis are about 90% of Islam while Shias are roughly 10% of Islam. Radical Muslim Sunni Clerics have labeled Shias a heretic religion thus making the Shias as much of an infidel as Jews and Christians. Perhaps even more worth of death than Jews and Christians because a Shi'ite existence could be perceived as an insult to Allah and Mohammed. Among radical Muslims, in particular insulting Mo and Allah, is a good reason for the execution of the death penalty.
So here are the horns of a dilemma the U.S. government faces. Help the Syrian Rebels defeat Assad quite probably bring into power a Jew-Hating and American-Hating Islamist government OR do nothing while Assad uses chemical weapons of mass destruction to reverse the defeat he has been experiencing utilizing conventional weapons against the Rebels. Undoubtedly an Assad victory to remain in power would result in a wholesale genocide of Sunni Rebels and the civilian Sunni population that supported the Rebels. An Assad victory would also mean acquiring hubris perhaps leading the dictator to make rash moves against American interests and Israel, feeling an illusion of being undefeatable.
In the realm of the lesser of two evils, it still seems to me Assad's demise will in at least the short term be better for the National Interests of the USA even if the long term outcome of Assad's removal may not be helpful. The best way to bring down Assad with the least amount of American blood is to provide arms to the Syrian Rebels. It may be a futile hope but weaponry should be distributed to the more secular minded Sunnis who desire an elected government rather than a theo-political Sharia religious government in which the religious elite call the shots.
It will be up to the U.S. government – cough the Obama Administration – to actively influence a relationship that is not inimical to American National Interests. That probably is a tough order for I sense even a secular government based on Islamic elections will still be a Jew-Hating anti-Israel government. Which brings us back to Danny Jeffrey's thoughts that President Barack Hussein Obama will part of an agenda to use R2P to join Arab and Muslim government to end the existence of Israel.
I was brought to this line of thinking from reading a Caroline Glick article entitled, "Time to confront Obama". Glick wants to confront Obama's motives behind the decisions he has made relating to Islamic terrorism, his treatment of Israel, wondering the value the word of BHO in relation to the Chemical WMD attack perpetrated by Bashar al-Assad against his own citizens and so on.
As my thoughts began to evolve it became apparent I was following a different train of thinking than Ms Glick. Nonetheless, you should read her article which is anti-Obama and pro-Israel. I like that way of thinking.
JRH 4/28/13
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Time to Confront Obama
By Caroline Glick
CarolineGlick.com
The time has come for Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu to confront US President Barack Obama.
A short summary of events from the past three days: On Tuesday morning, the head of the IDF's Military Intelligence Analysis Division Brig. Gen.
Itay Brun revealed that the Syrian government has already used "lethal chemical weapons," against Syrian civilians and opposition forces. Brun described footage of people visibly suffering the impact of chemical agents, apparently sarin gas.
Hours later, US Secretary of State John Kerry said Netanyahu had told him on the telephone that "he was not in a position to confirm" Brun's statement.
It is hard to imagine the US was taken by surprise by Brun's statement. Just the day before, Brun briefed visiting US Defense secretary Chuck Hagel on Syria. It is not possible he failed to mention the same information.
And of course it isn't just the IDF saying that Syrian President Bashar Assad is using chemical weapons. The British and the French are also saying this.
But as a European source told Ma'ariv, the Americans don't want to know the facts. The facts will make them do something about Syria's chemical weapons. And they don't want to do anything about Syria's chemical weapons.
So they force Netanyahu to disown his own intelligence.
Thursday afternoon, in a speech in Abu Dhabi, Hagel confirmed, "with some degree of varying confidence," that Syria used chemical weapons, at least on a "small scale."
What the administration means by "some degree of varying confidence," is of course, unknowable with any degree of varying confidence.
Then there is Iran.
Also on Tuesday, the former head of IDF Military Intelligence, Maj.-Gen. (res.) Amos Yadlin, said that Iran has already crossed the red line Israel set last year. It has already stockpiled 170 kg. of medium-enriched uranium, and can quickly produce the other 80 kg. necessary to reach the 250 kg. threshold Netanyahu said will mark Iran's achievement of breakout capability where it can build a nuclear arsenal whenever it wants.
Yadlin made a half-hearted effort Wednesday to walk back his pronouncements. But his basic message remained the same: The die has been cast.
Due to American pressure on Israel not to act, and due to the White House's rejection of clearcut reports about Iran's stockpile of enriched uranium, Iran has crossed the threshold. Iran will be a nuclear power unless its uranium enrichment installations and other nuclear sites are destroyed or crippled. Now.
True, the Americans set a different red line for Iran than Israel. They say they will not allow Iran to assemble a nuclear bomb. But to believe that the US has the capacity and the will to prevent Iran from climbing the top rung on the nuclear ladder is to believe in the tooth fairy - (see, for instance, North Korea).
Iran has threatened to use it nuclear arsenal to destroy Israel. Have we now placed our survival in the hands of Tinkerbell? And yet, rather than acknowledge what Iran has done, Netanyahu, President Shimon Peres and Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon carry on with the tired act of talking about the need for a credible military option but saying that there is still time for sanctions and other non-military means to block Iran's quest for the bomb.
Perhaps our leaders are repeating these lies because they want to present a unified US-Israel front to the world. But the effect is just the opposite.
What their statements really demonstrate is that Israel has been brought to its knees by its superpower patron that has implemented a policy that has enabled Iran to become a nuclear power.
Indeed, the US has allowed Iran to cross the nuclear threshold while requiring Israel to pretend the course the US has followed is a responsible one.
The announcement that the US has agreed to sell Israel advanced weapons specifically geared towards attacking Iran should also be seen in this light. Israel reportedly spent a year negotiating this deal. But immediately after its details were published, the US started backing away from its supposed commitment to supply them. The US will not provide Israel with bunker-buster bombs.
It will not provide Israel with the bombers necessary to use the bombs Israel isn't getting. And anyway, by the time Israel gets the items the US is selling - like mid-air refuelers - it will be too late.
When, after overthrowing Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq, the US failed to find chemical weapons in the country, then-president George W. Bush's Democratic opponents accused Bush of having politicized intelligence to justify his decision to topple Saddam. In truth, there is no evidence that Bush purposely distorted intelligence reports. Israel's intelligence agencies, and perhaps French ones, were the only allied intelligence arms that had concluded Saddam's chemical weapons - to the extent he had them - did not represent a threat.
The fact that Bush preferred US and British intelligence estimates over Israeli ones doesn't mean that he politicized intelligence.
In contrast, what Obama and his advisers are doing represents the worst case of politicizing intelligence since Stalin arrested his senior security brass rather than heed their warnings of the coming German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941.
Never in US history has there been a greater misuse and abuse of US intelligence agencies than there is today, under the Obama administration.
Take the Boston Marathon bombings. Each day more and more reports come out about the information US agencies had - for years - regarding the threat posed by the Boston Marathon bombers.
But how could the FBI have possibly acted on those threats? Obama has outlawed all discussion or study of jihad, Islamism, radical Islam and the Koran by US federal government agencies. The only law enforcement agency that monitors Islamic websites is the New York Police Department.
And its chief Ray Kelly has bravely maintained his policy despite massive pressure from the media and the political class to end his surveillance operations.
Everywhere else, from the Boston Police Department to the FBI and CIA, US officials are barred from discussing the threat posed by jihadists or even acknowledging they exist. People were impressed that Obama referred to the terrorist attack in Boston as a terrorist attack, because according to the administration-dictated federal lexicon, use of the word terrorism is forbidden, particularly when the act in question was perpetrated by Muslims.
Then there are the Palestinians. On Thursday, it was reported that in the midst of everything happening in the Middle East, Obama is planning to host a peace conference in Washington in June to reinstate negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians.
The terms of reference for the conference are reportedly the 2002 Arab League "peace plan."
Among other things, that plan requires Israel to accept millions of hostile foreign-born Arabs to whatever rump state it retains following a "peace" agreement with the PLO. In exchange for Israel agreeing to destroy itself, the Arab peace plan says the Arabs will agree to have "regular" relations with Israel. ("Regular" by the way, is a term devoid of meaning.) During his visit here last week, Kerry announced that the new US policy towards the Palestinians is to pour billions of dollars into the Palestinian economy. Among other things, the administration is going to convince US companies like Coca-Cola to open huge plants in Judea and Samaria.
Sounds fine. But as usual, there is a catch. The administration wants US firms to build their factories in Area C, the area of Judea and Samaria over which, in accordance with the agreements they signed with Israel, the Palestinians agreed Israel should hold sole control.
In essence, the policy Kerry announced is simply an American version of the EU's policy of seeking to force Israel to give up control over Area C.
Area C, of course, is where all the Israeli communities are, and almost no Palestinians live.
Those Israeli communities and the 350,000 Jews who live in them are the strongest assertion of Israeli sovereign rights to Judea and Samaria. So the EU - and now the Americans - are doing everything they can to force Israel to destroy them. The campaign to coerce Israel into surrendering its sole control over Area C is a central component of that plan.
It cannot be said often enough: The administration's focus on the Palestinian conflict with Israel in the midst of the violent disintegration of the Arab state system and the rise of jihadist forces throughout the region, coupled with Iran's steady emergence as a regional power, is only understandable in the framework of a psychiatric - rather than policy - analysis.
For the past five years, perhaps Netanyahu's greatest achievement in office has been his adroit avoidance of confrontations with Obama. With no one other than the US willing to stand with Israel in public, it is an important national interest for Jerusalem not to have any confrontations with Washington if they can possibly be avoided.
This attempt to avoid confrontations is what made Netanyahu agree to Obama's anti-Jewish demand to deny Jews their property rights in Judea and Samaria in 2010. This is undoubtedly what stood behind Netanyahu's decision to apologize to Turkish Prime Minister Recep Erdogan during Obama's visit to Israel last month. That apology constituted a moral abandonment of the IDF naval commandos who Netanyahu's government sent - virtually unarmed - to face Turkish terrorists affiliated with al-Qaida and Hamas aboard the Mavi Marmara terror ship.
To a degree, all of Netanyahu's seemingly unjustifiable actions can be justified when weighed against the need to avoid a confrontation with America.
But by now, after five years, with Iran having passed Israel's red line, and with chemical weapons already in play in Syria, the jig is up.
Obama does not have Israel's back.
Contrary to the constant, grinding rhetorical prattle of American and Israeli politicos, Obama will not lift a finger to stop Iran from becoming a nuclear power. He will not lift a finger to prevent chemical weapons from being transferred to the likes of al-Qaida and Hezbollah, and their colleagues in Syria, or used by the Syrian regime.
From Benghazi to Boston, from Tehran to Damascus, Obama's policy is to not fight forces of jihad, whether they are individuals, organizations or states. And his obsession with Palestinian statehood shows that he would rather coerce Israel to make concessions to Palestinian Jew-haters and terrorists than devote his time and energy into preventing Iran from becoming the jihadist North Korea or from keeping sarin, VX and mustard gas out of the hands of Iran's terrorist underlings and their Sunni competitors.
No, Israel doesn't want a confrontation with Washington. But we don't have any choice anymore.
The time has come to take matters into our own hands on Syria and Iran. In Syria, either Israel takes care of the chemical weapons, or if we can't, Netanyahu must go before the cameras and tell the world everything we know about Syria's chemical weapons and pointedly demand world - that is US - action to secure them.
As for Iran, either Israel must launch an attack without delay, or if we can't, then Netanyahu has to publicly state that the time for diplomacy is over. Either Iran is attacked or it gets the bomb.
Originally published in The Jerusalem Post.
© 2013 Caroline Glick
Labels: Bashar Al-Assad, Caroline Glick, Chemical WMD, Danny Jeffrey, Islamists, Israel, Jabhat al-Nusrah, National Interests, Obama Admin, R2P, Secular Rebels, Syrian Rebels
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United State Senator Sarah Palin
Islam Coexists?
I AGREE WITH LAURA, FREEZE MUSLIM IMMIGRATION
Major media coverage of APT's findings about mosque…
Terrorists' Trojan Horse
Terry Jones Still Pushing Muslim Buttons
Another Obama Islamic Terrorist Cover-up
AMERICAN SOVEREIGNTY AMENDMENT
Fjordman - Academics or Agitprop Artists?
Preparing for Disaster as Opposed to Eco-Marxist D...
Boston Marathon Bombers Islamic Terrorists Bros. T...
Maker Recall Notice
Victory! Ban lifted on Jesus prayers in Washington
A Massacre at Boston
It's Time to Protest BHO's 'Change' in Americans' ...
My Caroline Glick Introduction
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Elmo's Voice and Man/Boy Sex
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Special ops veterans' group calls for select probe...
Multicultural Blindness to the Danger of Islamic C...
Tony Newbill Conspiracy Emails from 2-11 to 3-10-13
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Oklahoma, Agenda 21, Al Gerhart and Cliff Branan
Gramsci the Eurocommunist and Obamunism
ISW Report Examines the Free Syrian Army
The New Marxist Infiltration

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Exercise therapy for the management of osteoarthritis of the hip joint: a systematic review
Peter J McNair1,
Marion A Simmonds1,
Mark G Boocock1 &
Peter J Larmer1
Recent guidelines pertaining to exercise for individuals with osteoarthritis have been released. These guidelines have been based primarily on studies of knee-joint osteoarthritis. The current study was focused on the hip joint, which has different biomechanical features and risk factors for osteoarthritis and has received much less attention in the literature. The purpose was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the exercise programs used in intervention studies focused solely on hip-joint osteoarthritis, to decide whether their exercise regimens met the new guidelines, and to determine the level of support for exercise-therapy interventions in the management of hip-joint osteoarthritis.
A systematic literature search of 14 electronic databases was undertaken to identify interventions that used exercise therapy as a treatment modality for hip osteoarthritis. The quality of each article was critically appraised and graded according to standardized methodologic approaches. A 'pattern-of-evidence' approach was used to determine the overall level of evidence in support of exercise-therapy interventions for treating hip osteoarthritis.
More than 4,000 articles were identified, of which 338 were considered suitable for abstract review. Of these, only 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. Few well-designed studies specifically investigated the use of exercise-therapy management on hip-joint osteoarthritis. Insufficient evidence was found to suggest that exercise therapy can be an effective short-term management approach for reducing pain levels, improving joint function and the quality of life.
Limited information was available on which conclusions regarding the efficacy of exercise could be clearly based. No studies met the level of exercise recommended for individuals with osteoarthritis. High-quality trials are needed, and further consideration should be given to establishing the optimal exercises and exposure levels necessary for achieving long-term gains in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major problem in modern society. In Western populations, the estimated prevalence for hip-joint OA is between 1% and 11% [1, 2]. Treatments are typically directed at the management of symptoms, such as pain relief and improving function, with exercise therapy being commonly used as a treatment modality.
Recently, a Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [3] provided guidelines concerning physical activity for those individuals with disabilities. This report made specific mention of exercise for those with OA, and the guidelines recommended that adults should get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week. Furthermore, it was recommended that they also participate in muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or high intensity on 2 or more days per week. These recommendations are very similar to those of the American College of Sports Medicine [4] that individuals aged between 50 and 64 years with chronic conditions such as arthritis need to undertake moderately intense cardiovascular exercise 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week or undertake vigorously intense cardiovascular exercise 20 minutes per day, 3 days per week, and undertake eight to 10 strength-training exercises (eight to 12 repetitions of each exercise) twice per week.
These guidelines seem rigorous, even for those who are able bodied, and whether they can be realistically achieved by those individuals with OA of the hip is questionable. Epidemiology data concerning physical-activity levels of individuals without OA support this suggestion. For instance, Macera et al. [5] examined whether U.S. adults were meeting physical-activity recommendations similar to those mentioned earlier, and reported that approximately 42% of men and 32% of women older than 65 years were participating at the appropriate levels. More recently, Ham et al. [6] reported that on any given day in the United States, only 29% of men and 22% of women aged between 40 and 75 years participate in physical activity for longer than 30 minutes, and this activity included a combination of sports, exercise, and recreational activities. Notably, these activities levels were decreased when individuals were overweight or obese, which is not uncommon in those with OA of the hip joint. Furthermore, given that individuals with OA are also often afflicted with considerable pain, loss of function, depression, and poor self-efficacy [7], one might not be surprised at their unwillingness or ability or both to participate in exercise of an intensity and duration recommended in the guidelines.
One method of investigating whether such levels of exercise are needed in individuals with OA of the hip is to examine intervention studies focused on this cohort to determine what levels of exercise have been required for notable decreases in pain and improvements in function and quality of life. Focusing such a study on the hip joint would be valuable, as reviews of OA have highlighted the very limited amount of data available to assess the efficacy of strengthening and aerobic exercise for those individuals with hip-joint OA [8–10]. Whether this reflects a dearth of good-quality studies or insufficient exercise programs remains to be determined.
Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the exercise programs used in intervention studies focused solely on hip joint OA and to decide whether they met the recommendations of the guidelines highlighted earlier, and also to determine the efficacy of their exercise-therapy interventions for improving pain levels, function, and quality of life.
An initial search of the literature was undertaken by using a variety of sources, including textbooks, conference proceedings, and previous systematic or critical reviews from the published literature. From this initial search, an extensive keyword list was developed that included terms specific to exercise interventions and OA of the hip. These were hip, osteoarthritis, osteoarthritic, pain, function, quality of life, exercise, rehabilitation, physical therapy, physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, aquatic, strength(ening), resistance, aerobic, endurance, stretch(ing)(es), train(ing), protocols. An initial check of the keyword list was made against each of the subject headings from 14 electronic databases (AMED, Annual Reviews, Blackwell Synergy, CINAHL, EBM reviews (including Cochrane Reviews), EBSCO health databases (including MEDLINE), EMBASE, Expanded Academic ASAP, Index NZ, Lippincott 100, PEDro, ProQuest 5000, PsycINFO, Science Direct, and Sports Discus). The literature search was also supplemented with a review of the bibliographies of past review papers on exercise-therapy interventions, as well as the personal libraries of the contributing authors. When searching for past review articles, additional keywords were added to the main keyword list. These included "review", "critical", "meta" and "systematic". Two researchers carried out the literature search. The keyword list and all combinations of keywords were used uniformly by both researchers to ensure a standardized approach to the search procedure.
Study selection
To be eligible for inclusion in the review, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies in which an intervention was compared with another or with a control group had to meet the following criteria. Studies were restricted to patients with hip OA solely (patients with a comorbidity of joint OA, i.e., knee arthritis were excluded). Diagnosis in studies was defined according to symptoms consistent with OA (e.g., restriction and pain on specific hip movements, stiffness in the morning no longer than an hour) and/or radiologic findings (with or without physical examination). Exercise therapy must have been used as an intervention with a corresponding control or a comparison intervention group. Exercise therapy was defined as activities such as strengthening, aerobic conditioning, stretching, endurance, hydrotherapy, or a combination of these that lasted for at least 3 weeks. The review was restricted to English-language publications.
No limitation was placed on the date of publication, and articles were retrieved to June 2008. Studies were excluded if they involved specific pre- or postoperative exercise therapy; however, studies that included subjects who were on waiting lists for surgery were acceptable.
Two authors extracted data from the selected studies. These data were tabulated under the headings: study design, intervention, outcome measures, and main findings. The variables of interest were pain, function, and quality of life. Where possible, pre- and post- intervention means and standard deviations for the outcome measures were extracted, and effect sizes (ESs) were calculated [11]. Any ESs reported in the studies were also recorded.
Internal validity of the studies
The appraisal and grading of intervention studies involved a modified version of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group (CMIG) scoring system [12]. The CMIG scoring system comprises of 13 separate questions graded between 0 and 2, covering aspects of study design and outcome measures. A final overall score (quality rating), of a possible 26, was awarded to each intervention article. Three reviewers (authors: MS, PL, and MB) were trained in the review and scoring protocols. Two reviewers scored each article independently, and if any discrepancies were found between the two reviewers, a third person reviewed the article so that a consensus could be reached.
Data synthesis
Owing primarily to the expected heterogeneity in the variables of interest, statistical pooling of the data was not appropriate. Thus, to assess the overall findings a 'pattern of evidence' approach was used [13]. This approach considered the consistency of findings across studies, the design of the studies (e.g., RCT, pre- and post-design) and the quality level of the studies. These criteria allowed the categorization of evidence into four levels: strong, moderate, some, or insufficient [14] (see Table 1 for the definitions associated with these categories). A study was considered to be of low quality if it scored less than 14 of 26, medium quality if it scored more than 13 (50%) of 26, but less than 21 (80%) of 26, and of high quality if it scored equal to or more than 21 of 26. If fewer than 75% of studies reported the same trend in findings across each of the variables of interest (pain, function, and quality of life), then the findings for that variable were deemed inconsistent.
Table 1 Level of evidence for evaluating the efficacy of exercise therapy in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip
Studies included in the review
From the initial literature search, 4,001 articles were identified, of which 338 intervention articles were considered suitable for abstract review. Thereafter, 39 articles received a full review, and from these articles, six intervention studies were considered to have met the inclusion criteria and were subject to critical appraisal and scoring (see Figure 1). The primary reasons for the rejection of articles were that studies did not separate data/results related to the subjects with hip-joint OA when subjects with hip and knee OA were used; and second, the intervention was not focused sufficiently on exercise. The information relating to each article included in the review, is shown in Table 2.
Flow chart of trial selection process.
Table 2 Summary of intervention studies
The scores related to the quality of the articles (QS) varied from 6 to 21 of 26. One article [15] attained an 80% score (21 of 26), whereas a second article [16] achieved a 60% score (16 of 26). All others were at 50% or less. The key elements associated with the quality of each article are presented in Table 3. It shows that aspects related to blinding of subjects and treatment providers were the key issues that were not addressed well.
Table 3 The quality-rating scores of articles
Across all studies, 356 subjects were involved. Within and across studies, the number of subjects participating in intervention and control groups ranged from 7 to 56, with three of the six studies having fewer than 17 subjects per group. Patients were recruited primarily from specialist clinics (N = 247), but also included community volunteers (n = 109). The criteria for inclusion were varied and included the diagnostic guidelines of the American College of Rheumatology, radiology, and measures of pain. Subjects in some studies were on hip-replacement waiting lists, but none of the studies reviewed had focused their programs on preoperative exercise specifically in preparation for surgery. The mean age of subjects varied from 66 to 72 years, with subjects aged from 39 to 86 years. Across studies, the most commonly presented variable that provided a measure of disease severity was pain measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). This ranged from 29 to 83 of 100, the highest values being in groups in Sylvester [17] (78 and 83 of 100). Other scores were all less than 60.
Outcomes measures
The primary outcome measures used to evaluate the efficacy of each intervention varied between articles and were grouped into self-reported pain, hip function (self-reported or performance based), and quality of life. Examples of self-reported pain included the VAS; the pain subscale of the Harris Hip Score; and/or the pain subscale of the Health Related Quality of Life short-form 36 (HRQOL SF-36) questionnaire. Self-reported functional measures included the Harris Hip Score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale, or the Disability Rating Index questionnaire. Measures of function included performance tasks such as the 'timed up and go' test. Quality of life was assessed by HRQOL SF-36 questionnaire, Sickness Impact Profile questionnaire, Philadelphia questionnaire, Quality of Life VAS, or the Global Self-rating Index. Some studies included impairment measures such as strength and range of movement, but these were not examined in the current review.
The interventions included (a) hydrotherapy, which was primarily of low intensity and involved walking, leg swinging, and mobility exercises; (b) land-based swinging, mobility, and stretching exercises; (c) strengthening exercises using fitness equipment or isometric contractions; (d) gait exercises; and (e) balance exercises. In many instances, combinations of these exercises were used. All but one study included groups who were supervised at a rehabilitation center, and a number of studies compared these groups with home-based exercise groups. Across studies, the reported duration of each exercise session ranged from 25 to 60 minutes, and these were held 1 to 7 days per week over a 5 to 8 week period. In some studies, the duration of exercise was determined according to the number of repetitions undertaken. The progression of exercise was not well defined in the majority of studies and included terms such as 'gentle', 'low', or 'moderate' without definitions, or was based on repetitions completed, and these varied between 10 and 30.
The two studies that scored highest in quality (QS) used land-based exercise programs. Hoeskma et al. [15] (QS, 21) compared an extensive exercise program with a manual therapy program, with both groups receiving patient education. The findings showed that bodily pain, as measured by the SF-36 subscale, was not different across groups. However, pain at rest (VAS score) showed a significant difference in favor of the manual therapy group immediately after the intervention (ES, 0.5) and at a 17-week follow-up (ES, 0.3). Pain during walking had a similar response (ES, 0.5) that extended to a 29-week follow-up. Tak et al. [16] (QS, 16), who compared a supervised strengthening program with a standard-care control group reported a significant improvement in pain levels as measured by the pain component of the Harris Hip Score (ES, 0.51) immediately after the intervention program and at a 3-month follow-up (ES, 0.38). These effects were less when measured with a VAS (ES, 0.00 after treatment and 0.17 at a 3-month follow-up).
In studies that had quality scores of 50% or less, Sylvester [17] (QS, 6) examined hydrotherapy compared with short-wave diathermy with light land-based exercise and reported decreased pain in both groups; however, no difference was found in effects across groups. Sterner-Victorin et al. [18] (QS, 9) used a similar prescription of hydrotherapy and noted that pain related to motion and loading activities was not different across hydrotherapy, electro-acupuncture and education-only groups at any assessment points. However, these authors reported a delayed effect for the hydrotherapy group, who experienced less pain during the day and night at a 1-month follow-up. In a study by Haslam [19], acupuncture was compared with exercise; however, pain and function levels were combined by using the WOMAC score. The findings showed that the acupuncture group had a significantly greater improvement in WOMAC scores compared with the home-exercise group immediately after treatment (ES, 0.62), although it should be noted that considerable drop-outs were found in the exercise group (44%).
Hoeskma et al. [15] (QS, 21) reported that immediately after treatment, the SF-36 (role physical function) showed a significant difference in favor of exercise (ES, 0.4); however, the SF-36 (physical function subscale) showed no significant difference across manual therapy and exercise groups. For walking speed, significant differences were observed in favor of the manual therapy group immediately after treatment (ES, 0.3) and at 3-month follow-up (ES, 0.5). Tak et al. [16] (QS, 16) reported that performance measures related to function were not improved across strength-training and standard-care groups immediately after treatment. At the 3-month follow-up, the only significant change favoring the exercise group across four performance tests was the timed up-and-go test. Nonsignificant changes were also noted for self-reported function problems measured by the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. In lesser-quality studies, Sylvester [17] (QS, 6) showed that a hydrotherapy group improved in function to a greater extent compared with the land-based exercise group. Green et al. [20] (QS, 13), whose study focused on home exercise with the addition of hydrotherapy, reported that tasks related to function were notably improved in both groups, with no difference across groups. However, no data were provided to support these comments. Sterner-Victorin et al. [18] (QS, 9) reported a delayed effect for a hydrotherapy group who improved in function compared with the education-only group at 1 month after exercise. Three months after treatment was completed, function was significantly greater in the hydrotherapy and electro-acupuncture groups compared with the education-only group.
Tak et al. [16] (QS, 16) and Sylvester [17] (QS, 6) found no changes in this variable, whereas Stener-Victorin [18] (QS, 9) reported that at 1 month after intervention, it was significantly improved in hydrotherapy and electro-acupuncture groups compared with an education-only group; however, by 3 months, the improvement remained in the electro-acupuncture group only.
Evidence classification
Because of the lack of quality in studies and inconsistent findings across studies, the level of evidence in support of exercise as an effective treatment for hip-joint OA was limited. 'Insufficient evidence' (see Table 1 for definitions) was found to support exercise as a treatment for decreasing pain, improving function, or enhancing quality of life.
This review identified six trials that investigated the efficacy of exercise-therapy programs specific to patients with hip OA. It was apparent that very few articles addressed the effects of exercise on hip OA specifically. A previous review by Van Baar et al. [10] also highlighted this point, and it seems unusual that researchers have not pursued this area of research in the intervening years. Some studies have included hip and knee OA subjects in exercise interventions, but data related to the findings for hip and knee joint were not provided separately, a comment also made by Christie et al. [21].
Across the studies, wide-ranging levels of quality were noted, with only one study rated as high quality. Many studies had relatively small subject numbers, and in most studies, different treatments were compared without a control group. The study with the closest to what might be termed a control group was that of Tak et al. [16], whose control group was self-initiated contact with the subject's general practitioner. In some studies, although exercise was the predominant component of a program, other components such as education and advice were included.
The current review focused on three outcomes areas: pain, function, and quality of life. Despite this focus, a problem that emerged in the analysis was the numerous measures that fall within each of these areas. Within some of the studies assessed, the results for a particular variable (e.g., function) were different depending on the measurement used. Such differences highlighted the need to adopt internationally agreed key outcome measures.
There was 'insufficient evidence' to support exercise as a treatment to decrease pain. This result was in contrast to reviews by Van Barr et al. [10], Fransen [22], and Pisters et al. [23], which reported small to moderate effect sizes for exercise therapy decreasing pain associated with OA primarily at the knee joint.
'Insufficient evidence' was found for promoting exercise as a treatment to improve function. Reviews [10, 22] focusing on knee-joint and/or a combination of knee and hip OA indicated only small effects arising from exercise programs, and a recent review by Pisters [23] noted contrasting findings across studies.
The current study also found little evidence to support exercise improving the quality of life. Similar findings were noted by Brosseau et al. [24], who commented that this finding may reflect the relatively short interval over which aerobic exercise programs are undertaken. In contrast, the same research team [25] reported that programs focusing on strengthening can be beneficial to quality of life, at least in the short term. Until recently [26], no quality-of-life measure has been developed specifically for OA. Hence the ability to see change (responsiveness) in this variable may have been limited by the content of questionnaires used.
Irrespective of the methodological issues associated with studies, the lack of notable improvements in the variables of interest may reflect the limited amount of exercise undertaken in studies. No studies met the levels set out in the aforementioned U.S. guidelines. Across all studies, the overall volume of exercise (duration per session and number of sessions per week) was well below the recommended levels. A key point in the guidelines concerns the intensity of exercise required. In this regard, information provided by authors in the current review was very limited. Often, the prescriptions of sets and repetitions for exercises were not provided in sufficient detail to indicate their merits, or the prescription was clearly insufficient to induce notable improvements in performance. Progression is a fundamental requirement of successful exercise programs [27]. In regard to individuals with arthritis, Petrella and Bartha [28] found greater improvements in pain levels and physical performance in participants who followed a progressive exercise program compared with those who did not. In the articles reviewed, often a lack of information was noted concerning how the training regimens progressed throughout their duration. In some studies, progression was implemented through increasing the number of repetitions of an exercise, not the intensity or load, which will lead to limited improvements, particularly in regard to strength and power.
Due to the limited number of studies that compared different types of exercise, no conclusions could be drawn as to whether one type was more beneficial than others. Similarly, other reviews [10, 22, 24, 25] could not find evidence in support of a particular exercise therapy for the treatment of knee and/or hip OA. It may be that the lack of differences reflects the broad focus of some exercise programs. Attempting to address pain, range-of-motion, strength, mobility, and flexibility, as well as to incorporate education and gait training in 25- to 40-minute sessions over a 3 to 6 week period is likely to limit improvements in any one area. The work of Trudelle-Jackson and Smith [29] provides some evidence for a more-specific focus within exercise programs. Furthermore, as suggested by Van Baar et al. [10] and adopted by Hoeksma [15], it may be that targeting the individual's specific needs is a solution. However, if researchers take this pathway, it is important that authors provide descriptions of the criteria that led them to focus on a specific type of exercise and also provide the training parameters and improvements that occurred for those participants.
None of the studies assessed focused on cardiovascular fitness or provided a sufficient program to initiate notable improvements in this area, yet the importance of undertaking aerobic exercise for cardiovascular health is highlighted in the guidelines. A study [30] examining the cardiovascular fitness of those with OA showed peak VO2 consumption to be between 55% and 70% of matched subjects without OA. A lack of cardiovascular fitness has also been linked to comorbidities such as coronary heart disease [31]; therefore, it would beneficial for future research to target this aspect of fitness. Furthermore, as findings [32] suggest that individuals with low fitness levels who are having surgery are at more risk of having complications and mortality, effective cardiovascular programs would be of particular benefit to those individuals with arthritis who are facing a joint replacement.
Van Barr et al. [10] commented that a long-term follow-up often reveals a limited ability of exercise to maintain levels of function. This is not surprising. Unless subjects are specifically instructed to continue exercising, then a 'detraining' effect will become apparent [33, 34]. In the studies examined in the current review, five involved follow-up assessments. However, only Green et al. [20] and Haslam [19] indicated that they instructed patients to continue exercising at home between the end of the formal training period and time of follow-up, but neither of these studies provided information concerning how much exercise subjects undertook during the time prior to the follow-up. Thus, the information obtained from these studies at follow-up has very limited value. Knowing when to institute "booster" sessions of exercise is an important area for future research that was highlighted recently by Pisters et al. [23].
Limitations existed in the current review. A meta-analysis was not performed because of the large variability of study designs, general poor quality of studies, and the lack of clearly defined similar dependent variables. Whereas the review included those studies using well-documented questionnaires and performance tests for outcomes, the validity and reliability of these measures could not always be determined. Unpublished studies, conference proceedings, reports, and Ph.D. theses were not reviewed. Reviewers were not blinded to authors or affiliations of published articles, and finally, the studies were restricted to those written in English.
Few well-designed studies have specifically investigated the management of hip OA through the use of exercise therapy, despite evidence as to its potential benefits for the management of knee OA. Based on the studies included in this review, insufficient evidence was found to suggest that exercise therapy alone can be an effective short-term management approach for reducing pain levels, function, and quality of life. Furthermore, in respect to intensity, volume, and progression, it was apparent that exercise programs in the studies examined did not meet the current recommendations. Consideration should be given to establishing the optimal exercises and exposure levels necessary for achieving long-term gains in the management of OA of the hip.
AMED:
Allied and Complementary Medicine Database
CINAHL:
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
CMIG:
Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group
EBM:
EBSCO:
Elton B. Stephens Company
EF:
effect size
EMBASE:
Excerpta Medica Database
HRQOL SF-36:
Health-related quality of life, short form 36
OA:
physiotherapy evidence database
PsycINFO:
abstract database of psychological literature
WOMAC:
Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index.
Felson DT, Zhang Y: An update on the epidemiology of knee and hip osteoarthritis with a view to prevention. Arthritis Rheum. 1998, 41: 1343-1355. 10.1002/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1343::AID-ART3>3.0.CO;2-9.
Zhang W, Doherty M, Arden N, Banwarth B, Bijlsma J, Gunther K, Hauselmann H, Herrero-Beaumont G, Jordan K, Kaklamanis P, Leeb B, Lequesne M, Lohmander S, Maxeires B, Martin-Mola E, Pavelka K, Pendleton A, Punzi L, Swoboda B, Varatojo R, Verbruggen G, Zimmermann-Gorska I, Dougados M: EULAR evidence based recommendations for the management of hip osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for (International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis. 2005, 64: 669-681. 10.1136/ard.2004.028886.
Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee: Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. 2008, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
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Puett DW, Griffin MR: Published trials of nonmedicinal and noninvasive therapies for hip and knee osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med. 1994, 121: 133-140.
Roddy E, Zhang W, Doherty M, Arden NK, Barlow J, Birrell F, Carr A, Chakravarty K, Dickson J, Hay E, Hosie G, Hurley M, Jordan KM, McCarthy C, McMurdo M, Mockett S, O'Reilly S, Peat G, Pendleton A, Richards S: Evidence-based recommendations for the role of exercise in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: the MOVE consensus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005, 44: 67-73. 10.1093/rheumatology/keh399.
van Baar ME, Assendelft WJJ, Dekker J, Oostendorp RAB, Bijlsma JWJ: Effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Arthritis Rheum. 1999, 42: 1361-1369. 10.1002/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1361::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-9.
Cohen J: Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences. 1988, Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Thomson LC, Handoll HHG, Cunningham A, Shaw PC: Physiotherapist-led programmes and interventions for rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and meniscal injuries of the knee in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002, 2: CD001354-
Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace, Commission on Behavioural and Social Sciences and Education NRCaIoM, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace: Low Back and Upper Extremities. 2001, Washington, DC: National Academy Press
Boocock MG, McNair PJ, Larmer PJ, Armstrong B, Collier J, Simmonds M: Interventions for the prevention and management of neck/upper extremity musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med. 2007, 64: 291-303. 10.1136/oem.2005.025593.
Hoeksma HL, Dekker J, Ronday HK, Heering A, Lube van der N, Vel C, Breedvwld FC, Ende van den CH: Comparison of manual therapy and exercise therapy in osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004, 51: 722-729. 10.1002/art.20685.
Tak E, Staats P, Van Hespen A, Hopman-Rock M: The effects of an exercise program for older adults with osteoarthritis of the hip. J Rheumatol. 2005, 32: 1106-1113.
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Haslam R: A comparison of acupuncture with advice and exercises on the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomised controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 2001, 19: 19-26. 10.1136/aim.19.1.19.
Green J, McKenna F, Redfern EJ, Chamberlain MA: Home exercises are as effective as an outpatient hydrotherapy for osteoarthritis of the hip. Br J Rheumatol. 1993, 32: 812-815. 10.1093/rheumatology/32.9.812.
Christie A, Jamtvedt G, Dahm KT, Moe RH, Haavardsholm EA, Hagen KB: Effectiveness of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical interventions for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of systematic reviews. Phys Ther. 2007, 87: 1697-1715.
Fransen M, McConnell S, Bell M: Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003, CD004286-
Pisters MF, Veenhof C, van Meeteren NL, Ostelo RW, de Bakker DH, Schellevis FG, Dekker J: Long-term effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a systematic review. Arthritis Rheum. 2007, 57: 1245-1253. 10.1002/art.23009.
Brosseau L, Pelland L, Wells G, MacLeay L, Lamothe C, Michaud G, Lambert J, Robinson V, Tugwell P: Efficacy of aerobic exercises for osteoarthritis (part II): a meta-analysis. Phys Ther Rev. 2004, 9: 125-145. 10.1179/108331904225005061.
Pelland L, Brosseau L, Wells G, Macleay L, Lambert J, Lamothe C, Robinson V, Tugwell P: Efficacy of strengthening exercises for osteoarthritis (part 1): a meta-analysis. Phys Ther Rev. 2004, 9: 77-108. 10.1179/108331904225005052.
Keenan AM, McKenna SP, Doward LC, Conaghan PG, Emery P, Tennant A: Development and validation of a needs-based quality of life instrument for osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008, 59: 841-88. 10.1002/art.23714.
Bird SP, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE: Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness: a review of the acute programme variables. Sports Med. 2005, 35: 841-851. 10.2165/00007256-200535100-00002.
Petrella RJ, Bartha C: Home based exercise therapy for older patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. J Rheumatol. 2000, 27: 2215-2221.
Trudelle-Jackson E, Smith S: Effects of a late phase exercise program after total hip arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004, 85: 1056-1062. 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.11.022.
Ries MD, Philbin EF, Groff GD: Relationship between severity of gonarthrosis and cardiovascular fitness. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995, 313: 169-176.
Sandvik L, Erikssen J, Thaulow E, Erikssen G, Mundal R, Rodahl K: Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian men. N Engl J Med. 1993, 328: 533-537. 10.1056/NEJM199302253280803.
Older P, Hall A, Hader R: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a screening test for perioperative management of major surgery in the elderly. Chest. 1999, 116: 355-362. 10.1378/chest.116.2.355.
Connelly DM, Vandervoort AA: Effects of detraining on knee extensor strength and functional mobility in a group of elderly women. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997, 26: 340-346.
Kalapotharakos V, Smilios I, Parlavatzas A, Tokmakidis SP: The effect of moderate resistance strength training and detraining on muscle strength and power in older men. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2007, 30: 109-113.
Health and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1020, New Zealand
Peter J McNair
, Marion A Simmonds
, Mark G Boocock
& Peter J Larmer
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Correspondence to Peter J McNair.
Peter McNair participated in the design of the study, review of findings, and wrote the final manuscript. Marian Simmonds participated in the design of the study, managed and undertook the search and critique of articles, and was involved in the writing of the manuscript. Mark Boocock and Peter Larmer critiqued articles, contributed to the interpretation of the findings, and participated in the writing of the manuscript.
McNair, P.J., Simmonds, M.A., Boocock, M.G. et al. Exercise therapy for the management of osteoarthritis of the hip joint: a systematic review. Arthritis Res Ther 11, R98 (2009) doi:10.1186/ar2743
Exercise Group
Groningen Activity Restriction Scale


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Shamrock Rovers and Bohemians 2009 Pink Umbro Kits
Umbro Ireland have reached an agreement with Action Breast Cancer Ireland along with Shamrock Rovers FC and Bohemians FC regarding kits for this 2009 season.
Umbro along with both clubs have agreed that when Rovers play Bohemians and vice-versa in some of this season's games between the two clubs, the away team will wear a special pink and black kit that will have the Action Breast Cancer Pink Ribbon emblem on the rear of the shirt.
The shirt deal will raise 10,000 Euro for Action Breast Cancer Ireland through sales of these limited edition shirts of which there are 500 available for each club and they will go on sale towards the end of May.
Shamrock Rovers will wear the kit on Friday night when they visit Bohemians in their first Dublin derby of the season. Both clubs PINK kits are identical bar the club crest and sponsor detail and kit details are as follows; pink jerseys with black trim, black shorts with pink trim and the socks will be chosen for each fixture.
Jonathan Courtenay, Director of Football for Umbro Ireland said " I originally saw this kind of idea implemented with Everton and I decided that I must be able to do something high profile for a worthy cause. Shamrock Rovers as the most successful club in Ireland and Bohemians the current double champions were obvious choices for me and when you take into consideration that they are huge rivals on and off the pitch it made sense to me to give them a great common cause to link up for.
I spoke to Jim O Malley in Action Breast Cancer Ireland and thankfully he loved the idea. The kits look stunning and they have created a lot of talk which obviously is good for the charity and for the clubs. I want to thank the boards of both clubs who were unanimous in their backing of the idea and the fans who are literally clambering for information on when and where they will be available.
I can confirm that the kits will go on sale in late May through both club shops in the clubs stadiums (and on both clubs web-shops), on the Action Breast Cancer Ireland website and through the Umbro FAI Store in Carrolls Gifts on Westmorland Street in Dublin City Centre. I am delighted with the positive responses from everyone and we are already in negotiations with Action Breast Cancer Ireland regarding developing an exclusive line of Umbro ladies casual clothing featuring the Pink Ribbon Logo which will raise even more money in the future".
It good to see more teams promoting breast cancer awareness :-)
i like it :cheer: :lol:
but on 1 of the shirts he is wearing it has a diffrent crest and sponcer :huh:


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Steven L. Marcus
Steven L. Marcus, CPA, has been the Managing Partner of Gettry Marcus since 1987, providing strategic oversight and direction to ensure consistent execution and delivery of client service. He has been instrumental in the firm's diversification and growth, expanding Gettry Marcus' presence in the New York-Metro Area and establishing experienced and highly credentialed practice groups which include Business Valuation & Litigation Support, Health Care and Real Estate.
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Mr. Marcus is on the Board of Directors of the Mental Health Association of New York City, Entrepreneur's Organization – LI, and Sunrise Day Camps Association. He served as the Corporate Chair of the SunriseWALKS 2016 and 2017. He has been honored by the Long Island Business News as one of the Outstanding CEO's of the year for his business achievements and community service and has been chosen by Accounting Today as a Managing Partner Elite.
A graduate of Syracuse University, Mr. Marcus is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants. He has served on various committees of the New York State Society, focusing on practice management issues.
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