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Third Party Canines Will Alter Cargo Screening
Learn about Our Cargo Screening Solutions
In today's volatile security environment, it is not news to anyone that the commercial aviation air cargo industry continues to be threatened by rogue individuals and extremist groups (Threat Actors). Recent global events remind us of this very real and present danger. Threat Actors continuously refine and reinvent ways to conceal Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and expand their knowledge of techniques to circumvent screening technology and other explosive detection countermeasures. Historically, the focus has been on commercial aviation which overlooks the security threats that exist to the entire supply chain. However, the burden of implementing increased security measures has been felt throughout the value chain.
100 Percent Screening Requirement
In August 2007, then-President of the United States George W. Bush signed the Implementing the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007 legislation into law. This law required the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish a system to enable the industry to screen 100 percent of cargo transported on passenger aircraft within three years (by 2010). This resulted in a requirement that all cargo must be screened at the piece level by a U.S. Department of Transportation Security Administration (TSA) approved method prior to being loaded onto a passenger aircraft.
49 CFR Part 1544.205 - Acceptance and screening of cargo; outlines the details associated with the 100 Percent Cargo Screening Requirement.
It should be noted that all cargo tenders transported by air are subject to being searched as per federal regulations. In order for the cargo to be accepted for transport, consent must be given to conducting these inspections. Shippers can screen their cargo under the provisions of the Certified Cargo Screening Program however, their air freight shipments are still subject to screening by the TSA.
Certified Cargo Screening Program
The Certified Cargo Screening Program (CCSP) is a TSA program which certifies that cargo screening facilities located throughout the U.S. are implementing the TSA approved security program. These facilities are known as Certified Cargo Screening Facilities (CCSF). This program is found under Title 49 Part 1549 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations.
The Major Change
The major change that is driving the implementation of private sector canines is Amendment 14 of the International Civil Aviation Organizations (ICAO) Annex 17 - Security. ICAO is a United Nations specialized agency, established in 1944 in order to manage the administration and governance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Convention consists of 192 Member States and industry groups. The ICAO works with this Convention to reach a consensus on international civil aviation Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) which become the global standards.
The 14th amendment of Annex 17 completely removes the distinction between passenger and cargo operations. Requiring that all cargo be subject to screening for all commercial air transport operations no later than July 1, 2021 for all ICAO member states.
The Demand
It is a herculean task to screen all cargo prior to transport. A task that will only become more difficult with the extensive growth of e-commerce shipments. Increasing the volume of individual parcel shipments will expand the volume that must be effectively screened every day. In an attempt to mitigate the threat of explosive attacks, millions of dollars have been devoted to the development of technology. Advances in sensor technology to replicate the odor detection capabilities of canines have been fueled by the abundance of high-speed low-cost circuits. Despite these tremendous efforts, no piece of technology has truly been able to match the sensitivity or the reliability of the working dog.
Air cargo screening systems are highly effective and continue to evolve. However, implementing these technology-based solutions has a significant initial cost along with re-certification requirements and maintenance expenses. The lack of Transportation Security Administration (TSA) approved devices capable of screening full pallets containing multiple types of goods remains a challenge, resulting in a labor-intensive and time-consuming process of de-palletizing the goods, screening individual items, and then re-palletizing the packages. The solution to solving this problem is explosive detection canines.
X-Ray Devices
Non-Computed Tomography (Non-CT) Transmission X-Ray Devices (X-Ray Devices) are fixed projection X-ray inspection devices that display digitized transmission radiographic images of an object under inspection following an interrogation.
Currently there are three classifications levels of X-Rays devices. Single View is phasing out over the next 24 months. Dual View that provides two images, and Multi View, which delivers three or more images of the item being screened.
Explosive Trace Detection (ETD) Devices
ETD Devices are desktop or handheld devices that detect explosive residual material on typical cargo substrates through the application and analysis of a swab-based collection process. Currently approved technologies are limited with only four approved devices and three of these are to be phased out by February 2021.
Electronic Metal Detection (EMD) Devices
EMD Devices interrogate items with a time varying electromagnetic field. Secondary magnetic disturbances induced by the primary field are detected by the EMD, and an alarm condition is displayed if threshold levels have been exceeded.
Explosive Detection Systems
EDS Devices use computed tomography and sophisticated algorithms to automatically detect explosive materials. These systems are on the list of grandfathered technologies that will phase out in December 2022.
Why Canines?
Explosive detection canines naturally have the ability to identify individual odors along with its source. The canine's nose contains an estimated 300 million sensory receptors. When air is drawn into the nostrils it stimulates these receptors that are connected to the large olfactory bulb in the dog's brain. The olfactory is a part of the sensory system that processes smell down to parts per trillion (ppt). These sensors then allow the dog to recognize/detect the target odor's direction. Not only do working dogs have a remarkable sensitivity to smell they are an intelligent instrument in detection. With each encounter, the canine becomes smarter as it builds a target database from past exposures. This scent database has been developed over the course of thousands of years. Humans have been leveraging outstanding odor detection capabilities of canines for centuries.
What about the TSA?
The TSA's mission is to protect the nation's transportation systems to ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce. The TSA has long recognized the capabilities of canines; establishing the National Explosive Detection Canine Team Program (NEDCTP). In recent years this program has been the focus of multiple Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports. The program has been scrutinized over its costs and ability to produce the required numbers of canine teams to support the air cargo industry.
The TSA's NEDCTP has concentrated on providing canine security to passenger operations in airport terminals. Focusing on the passenger operations has created a gap in coverage for freight. These gaps jeopardized the integrity of the entire security program. It is vital that the screening technology used to mitigate the risk of an explosive attack be proven, efficient, and reliable. Recognizing the capabilities of canines the TSA is in the final stages of allowing third-party canine cargo screening.
Third Party Canines
Third party canines are the use of private sector canine companies to screen air freight shipments. The TSA has been utilizing working dogs, however, the regulations did not allow private companies to do this work. The primary reason for this limitation was the certification of the canine teams. Each Canine, consisting of a canine and handler, must undergo certification to ensure that they are capable of locating explosive odors in an operational setting. The TSA NEDCTP certification is not open to private sector companies. As a result, the private sector has been unable to step in and fill the gap.
The TSA developed the Third-Party Canine-Cargo (3PK9 or 3PK9-C) Program as the solution to allow private sector companies to undergo a certification process which meets the TSA standards. Under this program, third-party canine teams trained in explosives detection can be certified by a non-governmental entity, acting under the approval of TSA, as meeting TSA's certification standards. Certified 3PK9-C teams can be deployed to screen air cargo for aircraft operators, foreign air carriers, and other TSA-regulated parties operating under a TSA-approved or accepted security program.
Over time the 3PK9 program has under went multiple modifications. The latest operating model is the Certified Cargo Screening Facility - K9 (CCSF-K9).
The Impact of 3PK9
Global K9 Protection Group has been working with multiple companies in the air cargo industry to look at the impact of canines on their operations. The preliminary testing shows that canine screening is 97% faster than current X-ray screening operations. Additionally, by implementing K9 screening, shipments will no longer require the time-intensive disassembly of pallets and other bundled items. Improving the screening processes efficiency might help address some of the other problems that are currently impacting the forwarding industry.
As we move the implementation of third-party canines will undoubtedly have an impact on freight forwarding and air cargo industry. Doing so must be with caution as with any new capability its effectiveness is dependent upon proper utilization.
Other Articles of Interest -
Herman Haynes
What is the most Time Efficient Method of Screening Air Cargo?
Tagged: Third Party Canines, 3PK9, Cargo Screening Canines, K9 Screening, Private Sector K9 Screening, Cargo Screening K9, CCSP-K9, CCSP K9, CCSF-K9, CCSF K9, Air Freight
Newer PostGround Handling Magazine - A Nose for the Job
Older PostThe 2019 National Defense Authorization Act contains Two Momentous Provisions for Military Working Dogs


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Home / Local News / New Apes Hill Club aims to be Caribbean's best
New Apes Hill Club aims to be Caribbean's best
- by Marlon Madden	November 24, 2020
Marlon Madden
With a $60 million renovation investment, the new owners of Barbados' swanky Apes Hill Club is transforming the St James location into what is promised to be the best golfing spot in the Caribbean.
Originally opened in 2009 and subsequently closed in 2017, Apes Hill is now owned by Canadian investor Glenn Chamandy, founder and Chief Executive Officer of international clothing giant Gildan.
In a release last Thursday, United Kingdom-based public relations and marketing firm P1 Communications announced that the residential community was relaunching under its new ownership with a mission to be "the best golfing experience in the Caribbean".
"Currently undergoing a major USD$30 million renovation, which is scheduled for completion in November 2021, the project is set to employ over 100 local people through construction, hospitality, golf course and guest service jobs," it said.
"The project is being led by a world-class team, including renowned golf course designer Ron Kirby whose career spans countless elite courses across the globe, including the Old Head in Ireland. Set in 470 acres at 1 000 feet above sea level in the northwest of the island, Apes Hill enjoys an enviable location with views across both the west and east coasts," it added.
When completed, Apes Hill will have a fully renovated 18-hole, par-72 championship golf course, with 12 sea view holes, two of which boast views of both the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
A 19th hole is being added in front of the Clubhouse "as a bit of fun", modelled after the 17th hole at TPC Sawgrass in Florida, and features an island green.
A new par-3 course will have a relaxed dress policy with guests able to play in flip flops, should they wish – the first of its kind in Barbados.
Chamandy, who said he now has many good friends on the island as well as a family home, said he has been visiting Barbados for more than two decades.
"When Apes Hill became available last year, I felt it had the potential, with all of its natural beauty, gullies and views over both the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean on the wild east coast, to create the best golfing experience in the Caribbean, and a community where family and friends can enjoy time together," he said.
"Golfing is more than just the golf course; it is all about what you do beforehand – accessing great training and practice facilities –, and what you do when you're not playing golf – having a great bar and restaurant to socialise in," he said.
Chamandy said members will be able to enjoy hiking and cycling on the nature trails in the gullies, go fishing in the reservoir, and have fun at all club facilities.
"We want Apes Hill to take your breath away in many different ways – being environmentally responsible, visually beautiful, and authentically the best of Barbados," he added.
Other golf facilities will include the Golf Performance and Teaching Centre with a state-of-the-art Titleist Performance Institute (TPI) and a swing bio-mechanics analysis bay, to bring the best physical and technical capabilities out of every golfer.
Recreational and hospitality facilities will include a renovated clubhouse with concierge, the Drunken Monkey bar and veranda restaurant, outdoor calisthenic gym, a fitness and paddle sports centre with the indoor gym overlooking the lap pool and Zen yoga garden. A new golf proshop and farm shop will complete the facilities.
New estate homes are available for sale, with three- and four-bedroom villas starting from US$1.6 million.
(PR/MM)
2 Replies to "New Apes Hill Club aims to be Caribbean's best"
Peter Quinlan says:
Apes Hill was always a beautiful course with an elegant Club House. Looking forward to the upcoming renovations. Thank You & Good Luck Mr. Chamandy !
Peter Quinlan
St. John's, Newfoundland
Well, Whoopi to you and your big golf court. While Barbadians homes are falling in the gully. No proper roads to get in or out of. No water, trash pick up and others. I am just going on what is posted for the world to see. True or fault I have no idea..
Anything to make outsiders welcome, conformable, and happy. Let's hope the 100 potencial employees would be well compensated for their work! Giving the big rollers this site would be attracting.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You suffer from severe pms.
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Eat at least three servings of cruciferous vegetables a day like broccoli, kale or cauliflower. These veggies help bind excess estrogen and flush it out. Raw is best, though lightly boiled or steamed is ok, too. If you can find organic, pesticide-free vegetables that would be ideal as pesticides are also hormone disruptors.
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The RC-Car project is the flagship project of the SDI lab. The basic idea is to setup an autonomous driving RC-Car built up around the Siemens TAPAS Board. We focus on using embedded computer architectures (e.g. Xilinx Zynq or Raspberry PI) and smart sensors to implement the algorithms.
The development of the project is split up into three teams – Team Integration, Team ROS and Team Sensors – each of them working on a different subject.


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TOKYO (9 a.m.)
National / Crime & Legal
Japan's top court backs no bonus payment for employee on hourly wage
Supporters of the plaintiff hold a sign reading "unjust ruling" on Tuesday in Tokyo after the Supreme Court ruled against a non-regular worker who sued her employer for not paying her bonuses. | KYODO
Japan's top court ruled Tuesday in favor of an employer paying no bonus to an employee on a short-term contract with an hourly wage, saying different treatment from regular employees was not unreasonable.
The Supreme Court's No. 3 Petty Bench, presided over by Justice Yuko Miyazaki, overturned a high court ruling that ordered Osaka Medical College to pay the female former employee some ¥1.09 million.
The top court's ruling comes amid a continuing rise in the population of nonregular workers in Japan. The government has set a policy of equal pay for equal work, but critics say it is unclear to what extent it prevents different treatment of nonregular and regular workers.
Many regular workers with indefinite-term contracts are paid bonuses twice a year.
The woman, hired by the medical college in Osaka Prefecture in January 2013 under a one-year renewable contract on an hourly wage, worked almost full time doing clerical work such as managing the schedules of teachers, according to the district and high court rulings.
Hospitals in Japan cut bonuses as coronavirus drives them into red
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She filed the lawsuit in 2015 arguing it is unreasonable that she received no bonus despite doing almost the same work as regular employees. Her contract was not renewed in 2016.
In January 2018, the Osaka District Court ruled against her, but the decision was overturned in February last year by the Osaka High Court, which judged that bonuses for per-hour jobs should be no less than 60 percent of those paid to regular workers.
Both the woman and the college had appealed the high court ruling with the top court.
Osaka, labor laws, jobs, wages, Supreme Court, nonregular workers, Japanese courts, Osaka Medical College
Answers sought: Was the U.S. Capitol attack planned?


Experimental Film by Gemma Files is the story of Lois Cairns, a film critic who attends a screening of experimental films where she sees pieces of a film she believes to have been created by socialite and spiritualist, Iris Whitcomb, who had disappeared under mysterious circumstances, the existence of which would solidify her as one of Canada's first women filmmakers. Following the trail of this footage, Lois and her assistant Safie (along with Lois' husband and their autistic son Clark) are drawn deeper into the mystery surrounding the disappearance of Mrs. Whitcomb and the tragedies that surrounded her life. Steeped in the ancient folkloric tradition of Lady Midday, Lois comes to the horrifying realization that she and Mrs. Whitcomb have more in common than she ever could have imagined.
Experimental Film was the winner of the Shirley Jackson Award in 2015 and is often cited on top horror novel lists by fans and critics, so I am in the minority because I really didn't enjoy this book. The novel is obviously meticulously researched, the level of detail chronicling Canadian film history and indigenous and European folkloric traditions is incredibly thorough, but rather than immersing me in the layers of the story, I found the details boring and wanted to skip ahead to the "good parts" (bring on the scary stuff! Spoiler alert, there is no scary stuff).
Multiple pages describing images being shown on film (experimental, nonlinear film at that) is akin to reading about someone's dreams and is not something that I personally enjoy. Moreover, this book was very confusing to follow; perhaps that was on purpose- the author's way of emulating Lois's growing disorientation as she delves deeper into the legend that consumed Mrs. Whitcomb?- but for me there were multiple times I almost abandoned the book because I was losing interest trying to connect the dots. At the tail end of the book Lois says "this is taking too long to tell. Longer than it took to happen, by far" and that is how I felt reading this book.
Perhaps it would have worked better for me as a short novella as it took me a few weeks to read because I was never excited to pick it up. However, if film studies and folklore is your cup of coffee, read this at Tim Horton's at midday.


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Q: Remove element in a list with condition I have a class named Info where Info has a string type instance variable which can be accessed by Info.getName()
Also I have a list of instance Info such as class_list = [Info('Aleck'), Info('John')].
Given a name_list = ['Aleck', 'Bob'], I would like to remove the element in class_list with the same name in name_list, while i also need to know if a name (such as Bob) is not in class_list (for example print out that bob is not in list)
for above example the result should be class_list = [Info('John')] and print out that bob is not on the list.
I know ugly way of doing so such as the following codes (i am not actually running it, just an example), is there elegant or Pythonic way to do this?
def removeElement(name_list, class_list):
    list_to_be_removed = []
    for name in name_list:
        is_name_in_list = false
        for obj in class_list
            if name == obj.getName():
                list_to_be_removed.add(obj)
                is_name_in_list = true
                break
        if is_name_in_list == false:
            print name + ' is not in the list'
        is_name_in_list = false

    for obj in list_to_be_removed:
        class_list.remove(obj)

A: You don't have classes, you have class instances. Info('Alice') is a constructor call, that creates an instance of your Info class.
How about this:
filtered = [info for info in info_list if info.get_name() not in name_list]

Alternatively:
filtered = filter(lambda o: o not in name_list, info_list)

If you have a lot of names convert your name_list into a set and use that.
name_set = set(name_list)

A: List comprehensions are your friend.
def remove_names(names_to_remove, info_list):
    return [info
            for info in info_list
            if info.getName() not in names_to_remove]

I changed the names of most variables to be closer to what I think you mean.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Say it... you like that Butt
Since I was young, I have always loved the butt.
I couldn't tell you why but it was always there, drawing me in. There was something so round and so amazing about those curves that sometimes I couldn't think of anything else. I felt ashamed for my love for the booty and couldn't tell the girl that it was attached to. I stared and felt weird, daydreamed about it until my relationship and feeling towards her had changed because of these thoughts, while she stayed the same. I couldn't even look her in the eyes! My chances to win her and her Booty were gone...
After years of growth and testing myself on other fronts like school, sports, public speaking, martial arts and music (probably to make up for my bottled up love of the butt problems) I was at a point where I was getting more confident and there was almost no other way to go than to get over it. And when I met a woman that I really liked and whose booty was just remarkable, I had to take a leap of faith. The time felt right, the vibes were good and there was a pause in the conversation. It was now or never... I told her... I liked her and her butt.
She SMILED and just looked at me smiling! I cannot tell you how relieved I was that she didn't look at me like I was from another planet. And after that, things flowed naturally and bootyfully for a long, long time.
Some people are ashamed of their love of Booty. They are afraid that people will look at them weird. From my experience, if you're thinking about someones butt constantly already, it's better to tell them in a funny and direct way when you feel like it should be said. Booty is universal, natural and ancient. Butts aren't the dirty, stigmatized things that people like Nicki Minaj make them out to be and definitely not something to hide. They are part of a grand philosophy of life, love, nature and acceptance. The Buttress Pillow embodies this belief and us Butt Bringers think it's time to show the world the nobility of Booty!
So just say it... You like him/her and love their Butt.
Butts for all,


Awnmaster is the Primary Distributor of the Sun-Adjust range of Aluminium awnings, carports and patios covers. This is the domestic range of products manufactured by Hulett Fabricated Products (Hulafab), South Africa. Following extensive research and development, Hulafab started manufacturing the Sun-Adjust patio cover in 1993. A close working association with Hulafab has enabled Awnmaster to implement their technical knowledge in installations, with Sun-Adjust patio covers achieving high popularity in the marketplace.
The Sun-Adjust patio cover can be opened to allow sunlight to filter onto the patio during the cooler winter months, and can be closed to shade the patio during summer. The angle or opening is adjusted with a handle which, through a gearbox, sets the angle of the panels. This in turn determines the amount of sunlight which comes through.Sun-Adjust is 95% watertight when closed. As the panels are adjustable and are not fixed the Sun-Adjust is not deemed a fixed roof and therefore does not constitute as coverage or F.A.R.
The Sun-adjust is typically an all Aluminium and non-corrosive product where the drive units are anodized aluminium with U.V. stabilised nylon finger brackets clipped into the 132Z baked enamel panel. A 1:13 compact and encased gearing unit drives up to 16m2 of covered area.
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text:
Graziella Pareto
by Laura Wagner-Semrau
The Eighties and Nineties of the 19th century have produced an impressive number of first rate Spanish coloratura-sopranos: Maria Galvany, Maria Barrientos, the more lyric Lucrezia Bori, Elvira de Hidalgo and Mercedes Capsir and Graziella (Graciela) Pareto born in Barcelona on May 15th 1889. Her mother encouraged her daughter`s obvious talent from a very early age on and arranged singing lessons for her in their hometown. At the age of fifteen Pareto moved to Milan where she studied with Melchiorre Vidal, also teacher of Francisco Vinas, Rosina Storchio, Elvira de Hidalgo and Lucrezia Bori. As early as 1906 she her unofficial debut was as Micaela in "Carmen" at the Teatro Liceo in Barcelona but her real break-through can be dated with 1908 at the Teatro Real in Madrid as Amina in "La Sonnambula" and little later as Gilda and Lucia. For the following year she again chose Amina for her Italian debut at the Teatro Regio di Parma and appeared for the first time as Ophelia together with Titta Ruffo in "Hamlet" at the Opera House of Rome in 1909. In the same year she repeated Ophelia at the Teatro San Carlo before she went to South America where she was engaged at the Teatro Colón. During the seasons of 1909 and 1910 she was celebrated as Ophelia, Gilda, Adina in "L`Elisir d`amore" and Rosina in a company which included the names of Bonci, Anselmi, Ruffo, De Luca and Didur.
In St. Petersburg she was heard in "Fra Diavolo" and "Martha" and 1912 at the Teatro Regio in Turin she was Gilda, Lakmé, the Queen in "Gli Ugonotti" and Juliette. Her debut at the Scala of Milan in 1914 as Gilda (with Galeffi and Lázaro) was a highly successful one as was her first "Traviata" in Madrid with Stracciari. At the Opera House of Monte Carlo in the years between 1915 and 1921 Pareto became a great favourite in "I Pagliacci" and "Lucia" with Caruso, in "Rigoletto" and "La Traviata" with Battistini, in "Il Barbiere di Siviglia" (with McCormack, Badini and Vanni-Marcoux) and, again, "Rigoletto" with Smirnov. Pareto`s performances in "Don Pasquale" and "La Traviata" at Covent Garden in 1920, her debuting role in the same year was Leila in "Les Pêcheurs de perles" conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham, was received with mixed feelings. Beecham himself calls her voice one of "exquisite beauty and flawless purity" and recalls her "Traviata" as "easily the most attractive and satisfying in my recollection". There was unanimous praise for her Violetta. Most critics were full of enthusiasm about her youthful freshness and the bewitching sweetness of her voice but had some reservations concerning the voice`s relatively small size and light weight which, except for the top notes, was too easily covered by the orchestra.
Wherever Pareto appeared and in London, too, her moderate and unaffected, not at all a prima donna character, on and off stage, easily won the public`s hearts. When Chicago`s Opera House was on the look-out for a new coloratura to replace Galli Curci in the early Twenties Pareto established herself there during the seasons of 1923/24 and 1924/25. She was heard in '"Lucia", "Lakmé", "Fra Diavolo", "L`Elisir d`amore", "Il Barbiere di Siviglia" (with Schipa, Rimini and Chaliapin), "Il segreto di Susanna", "Roméo et Juliette", "Martha" and "La Traviata". After a long absence Pareto returned to the Teatro Cólon in 1926/27 for "Rigoletto", "Barbiere", "Don Pasquale" and as Ophelia with Ruffo. In one of his immensely valuable books, Giacomo Lauri-Volpi, her Duca di Mantova on this occasion, recalled how "sad" it was when not a single hand moved to applaud her "Caro nome" although the tenor himself was very impressed with both her singing and her acting: "Woe to the artist who does not encounter the right public – one capable of listening and understanding."
From the mid-Twenties on Pareto's performances became less and less and her second marriage in 1926 might have been the cause for her early retirement while still at the top. During the summer of 1931 she did return, however, for some performances as Carolina in "Il Matrimonio segreto" at the Festival in Salzburg and later lived happily with her second husband in Rome.
Graziella Pareto died on September 1st 1973 in Naples.
Fach: ["Coloratura"]
Léon Escalaïs
Blanche Thebom


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Do you want to become a successful mobile hairdresser? If yes then, you need to accomplish some requirements. You have to gain formal education and set a skillset to become a talented hairdresser. But the most important thing is that you need to know your in-depth skills whether you can do it or not.
2) When should I consider using mobile hairdresser?
The services of a mobile hair stylist are often required to be used at home for the wedding, when the hair or beauty salon for the bride can often feel inconvenient to travel, in order to make her hair and makeup. Instead, the expert or hairdresser will travel to the bridal house to style the bride's hair for her special day. A mobile hair stylist often demands care in homes, hospitals, prisons, armed forces, and many other situations where personal attention is required.
3) What you should expect?
Just like a salon hairdresser, a mobile hair stylist should have qualities and skills to create styles of a hairdresser in a hair salon, as hairdressers can be anywhere in the customer's personal place as per customer convenience. Your mobile hairdresser will be able to use your device effectively and safely to style your hair and to create new look and styles for you, their customers. Grooming or makeup essential and equipment will be kept clean, serviceable and clean for each customer. Thus, you should expect the same services that you can leverage from walk-in saloon or spa companies.
Whether you go through Hairdresser South Yarra or you would like to become a mobile hairdresser you have to consider a few basic requirements and answers to some questions that most of the customer expect from the hairdresser. At the end of buzz, it simply depends on your personal choices. Stay cool & stylish!


text:
Medebach is een stad en gemeente in de Duitse deelstaat Noordrijn-Westfalen, gelegen in de Hochsauerlandkreis. De gemeente telt  inwoners () op een oppervlakte van 126,05 km². Naburige steden zijn onder andere Arnsberg, Bestwig, Brilon en Winterberg. Medebach was lid van  het Hanzeverbond.

Stadsdelen
 Berge
 Deifeld
 Dreislar
 Düdinghausen
 Küstelberg
 Medelon
 Oberschledorn
 Referinghausen
 Titmaringhausen
 Wissinghausen

Economie
In de stad ligt het bungalowpark Park Hochsauerland van de keten Center Parcs. Het werd in 1995 geopend.

Foto's

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Donate online!
Direct work programs
Advocacy and lobbying
Realized projects
The medias about us
Become a part of CRWB
Back to our team page
Linda Awanis
Linda Awanis is the Founder and Chairperson of the Council of Refugee Women in Bulgaria Association. She first comes to Bulgaria in 1994. After facing all possible difficulties and challenges of the refugee life, Linda establishes the Council of Refugee Women in Bulgaria in 2003 and thus begins to actively provide support to people like herself who are forced to seek for new and better living in a foreign country. Right before CRWB, Linda has been engaged in the restaurant business and successful commerce, but her real vocation she only finds in consulting people and managing a humanitarian organization.
Linda shares that upon her arrival in Bulgaria her first priority has been to study the local language and to provide good educational opportunities for her children, as well as to help them integrate in the Bulgarian society. She recalls only watching Bulgarian TV during the first couple of years here, reading in Bulgarian and seeking for local contacts and friendships as much as possible. She also raises her children this way. Therefore, the integration of refugee becomes the major goal of the association she founded. Since 2015, Linda is a Bulgarian citizen.
She participates in various trainings and seminars by the Bulgarian Red Cross and UNHCR, related to the activities and goals of the CRWB. She speaks high level Assyrian, Arabic, English and Bulgarian. For her, it is most important to get to know each and every person the CRWB works with and to gain their trust for sharing and communication, and meanwhile to keep up with the newest trends in refugee support and with the wide partnership opportunities with all other NGOs in the area.
Help us by supporting our cause!
The need has faces, but no nationality. The manner of donation is as important as the act itself. Solidarity only makes sense when emotions are combined with reason and trust is not broken, but preserved and stimulated.
Do you have questions or need help? Contact us!
Subscribe for CRWB!
© 2021 Council of Refugee Women in Bulgaria. All rights reserved.


Under the "PI and Contact Information" section of the application in PCORI Online, select the name of your AO from the "Administrative Official" dropdown menu. If the name does not appear in the dropdown, click "Add New" and fill out the appropriate information. A login will be created for this individual and they will be sent a notification that an account has been created. If you receive an error message stating that the AO is already in PCORI Online but you do not see their name, please contact pfa@pcori.org and provide the AO's name and email address.


Authorities Wednesday identified a 24-year-old man who was fatally injured in a weekend crash involving three motorcyclists along the Carlsbad coastline.
The crash was reported around 12:15 p.m. Saturday along Carlsbad Boulevard near Breakwater Road, adjacent to the South Carlsbad State Beach Campground, Carlsbad police Lt. Christie Calderwood said.
When officers arrived at the scene, they found three motorcycles with "extensive damage" lying in the road, and all three riders requiring hospitalization for serious injuries, Calderwood said.
Adam Johnson, 24 of Vista, died at Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, according the San Diego County Medical Examiner. He struck an embankment and was thrown from his motorcycle.
Updates on the conditions of the two surviving men, aged 21 and 49, were unavailable.


Barovier's Veronese Table Lamp & Toso's interior table in our homes can create original atmospheres with light. With its Lighting Offers, Barovier & Toso has signed up of state-of-the-art lighting engineering projects for technical finishing and technical innovation. L Lighting is an important element in interior design. Barovier & Toso conquers you with the typologies for the lighting of your homes, a result of research on finishing and technical innovation. In our store we sell the Baronier Toni glass table lamp that is located in a design style room.


text:
🔥 Apple's next year will be different, despite the success they've had this year!🙊 and Toyota could offer a game-charing battery directed to electric cars that could last for 500km and charges in 10 minutes! 😨
December 16-2020 at 12:30 pm
Toyota could offer a game-charing battery directed to electric cars that could last for 500km and charges in 10 minutes! Is this possible?
And Apple's next year will be different, despite the success they've had this year.
And Samsung is the biggest winner with lots of positive leaks.
The leaks suggest that the Note series will be no more.
Hello friends, bring your Coffee and welcome to this news article by OTTO Magazin:
Let's start this article with a game-changing news from Toyota and their electric car. Toyota might unveil an electric car with a solid-state battery.
What's the story behind this battery? It is a solid-state battery and it doesn't contain liquids like traditional batteries. Traditional batteries are big and has lots of pockets inside to store energy.
These pockets are connected to each other in a brick-like manner, It looks like a brick wall, and each brick stores energy in it.
Toyota is working in this battery, which charges very quick, and here's the shock, The battery lasts for 500km. Toyota make hybrid cards.
But in this car, the technology will be different. Let's not forget that they manufacture cars that work on Hydrogen. I reviewed this car in Japan, But their next car will sweep the market. Let's way and see.
Facebook is being sued by USFTC, USFTC is filing an anti-trust suit against Facebook in many states in the US, Anti-trust means that they want to control the market by themselves.
They want to acquire big apps, thus making them a social media giant, Meaning that no one can compete with them in the social media section.
Facebook own WhatsApp and Instagram, Facebook could be forced to sell these two apps.
These apps will continue forward even if they're sold 'on paper, They might be owned by other companies, but their policies will be the same. If this happens, Facebook won't lose anything.
They bought the app for 1 billion USD, and its market valuenow is 19 billion USD. Twitter acquired Squad.
This app enables screen-sharing in a direct way, During the pandemic, the app's growth reached up to 1100%.
Twitter will expand their business with this acquisition, By this, Twitter will gain lots of expertise about screen-sharing and video and audio broadcast.
Twitter is trying to expand their capabilities through the services\nthey offer with their app, Google will launch a new device called Pixel 5 Pro.
According to the latest leaks, this device could come with a behind-the-display front facing camera. This design hasn't been used by big companies yet, except for some Chinese companies that are not yet available in some region.
If Google could pull this Pixel 5 Pro off and release another Lite version with the SD 700 CPUs, then Google might do in 2021 what Apple did in 2020.
The company might announce lots of devices in an unusual way. The leaker Kuo says that iPhone 13 production will start as usual in 2021.
Regardless of the new iPhones or their leaks, in 2020, Apple release a number of new iPhones, Apple had never released this amount of new devices in on year.
I expect Apple will do the same in 2021, and there will be lots of leaks and talks about it, But what I care about the most in 2021 is the new Galaxy S21 devices from Samsung. Some leaks show us a detailed look of the device.
There's actually a comparison review between it and the iPhone 12 Pro. Galaxy S21 Plus will the most balanced and successful device next year. It'll come with a balanced screen and cameras.
And in this in case the S21 comes with the same principle as the S20 Plus released this year. Samsung's unpacked event is expected to be in 14th of January.
It'll take place in less than a month.
S21 Ultra, on the other hand, is expected to support the S Pen, but it won't be stored inside the device itself, It'll be different than the Note series. The device will come with a clear social cover to store the S Pen inside it.
Will this make a difference for Samsung?
But wait a minute! How's the S Pen going to charge if it won't be stored inside the device?
And how is it going to pair?
And what happens if the S Pen is lost? It's going to be a new hot topic.
If these rumors are true, then the end of the Note series will be in 2021.
This means that in 2022, there will be two series: foldable devices and the S series.
This is such a great news for Galaxy phones users. Lots of devices will get the new One UI 3.0 updated that is based on Android 11 update.
The list hasn't been confirmed yet in some countries!
Hopefully, Samsung europ will give us the final list and dates for these updated and supported devices, But the leaked list gives a lot of hope.
The A series of this year and last year will get the update, This is what we've been asking Samsung to do. To include as many devices as possible.
We don't want them to only send updates to the latest and most important devices only, Here's also some good news for Note 20 users. You can now download the new update.
Enjoy the changes. I've enjoying how smooth the device has become.
Samsung could also release new devices, It's reported that they're going to release devices similar to the AirTags from Apple, which we've been waiting for its release.
Samsung could release new Tags devices that work with bluetooth. These devices might not do the same tasks as the AirTags, but they can do the same function where you can use them to find your lost devices, It is something good from Samsung.
The leaked information shows that the device will work using a replaceable battery, and can be used for a certain time, It also shows that these devices will work using bluetooth. Let's wait and see.
But wait a minute! Let's check how the biggest two companies in the world perform.
Samsung and Apple, Let's just put Huawei aside for now.
There are lots of shared products between these two companies. One of them might release a new device before the other. But there's a trade relationship between them, where Samsung export tech parts to Apple.
There's also a huge cooperation between them when it comes to new releases. Last year was a great year for Samsung.
This year is amazing for Apple, Even in the past years, it was mutual between them.
2 years ago, Samsung released the excellent S9 devices.
And Apple's year was humble with their XS devices, But the year before it, Apple released the iPhone X, which was amazing while Samsung released the S8 devices.
There's something happening here and no one pays attention to it.
Apple and Samsung cooperate with each other in terms of who dominates the market every year.
What's important for them is that Huawei doesn't beat them. That's my opinion.😈
See you in the next news articles and reviews.👋


text:
Q: Calculation of age of Universe The age of the Universe is about 13.8 billion years, measured by light emitted from the time it emerged from opaqueness. But how was the time from the "beginning" to 380,000 years (era of recombination) calculated?  By extrapolation, using $c$ as the constant?   From the initial point to 380,000, there was an opaque quark-gluon soup, in which a photon (and its descendants) would have taken far more time to traverse, leaving our universe to be much older than calculated.
By analogy, our sun is about 149 million km - 500 light-seconds - plus the radius (696,000 km or 2.3 light-seconds) away from us.  Yet if we extrapolate that extra, using light speed, we'd have to add about a million years extra, since that's the time it takes a photon to cross the distance from the centre to the surface of the sun.

A: The CMB signal dates from the time of recombination (a misnomer) which was when the temperature had dropped enough to allow stable hydrogen atoms to form and not get immediately re-ionized. This assigns a well-defined temperature (3000 K) to the redshift (~1100) that the CMB exhibits today.
Then, an equation of state can be written for the ionized plasma which relates its temperature, pressure, and density. Assuming then that at each little step in the process the universe was in thermal equilibrium with the photons that were zinging around, the universe's clock can be run backwards from that point to earlier and still earlier times and furnishes predictions of how the temperature, pressure and density of that plasma rose higher and still higher at those times.
At some point things are so hot and heavy that protons themselves get blasted apart, but as long as you can furnish approximate equations of state for what exists earlier and earlier than that, you can push the clock further backwards and by this method get an estimate of how long before recombination the big bang itself happened (at a redshift of infinity): ~370,000 years.

A: The age of the universe at the age of recombination is calculated to be approximately 370,000 years by using the equation:
dt = (1/H_0) (da/a) (1/SQRT(Omega_m/a^3)).
This is actually an incorrect result. The correct integration required is
dt = (1/H_0) (da/a) (1/SQRT(Omega_r/a^4 + Omega_m/a^3)).
I do not know the variable values used to get 370,000 years.
One reason why 370,000 is wrong is because there is a significant age period at which
Omega_r/a^4 >> Omega_m/a^3, and omitting Omega_r gives a definitely wrong result.
The variable values I used are:
Omega_m = 0.3103,
Omega_r = 8.24 x 10^-5,
1/H_0 = 14.4 x 10^9 years, and
a_rec (a at recombination) = 0.000756505.
The integration is from 0 to a_rec.
The result omitting Omega_r is 358,590 years.
The result including Omega_r is 273,341 years.
The likely definitely correct value would only include three digits followed by ",000".


text:
Jordan Peele Announces New Horror Film 'Us'
May 8, 2018 - 8:54 pm by Jessica McKinney TWITTER
This is gonna be good!
Jordan Peele is coming back with a new horror film! The Academy Award-winning filmmaker recently announced that his forthcoming project, Us, will be heading to theaters early next year.
Peele made the announcement on Twitter late Tuesday night (May 8). The film poster displays black and white silhouettes of two boys that appear to be African American. While the poster is fairly simple, it still carries a haunting effect.
There is little information regarding the film's plot and story line, but there are several reports claiming the film is looking to include an all-star cast. Peele is reportedly eying Black Panther's Lupita Nyong'o and Winston Duke, as well as The Handmaid's Tale star Elisabeth Moss, according to The Hollywood Reporter. If those contracts are signed, Nyong'o and Duke will reportedly portray one couple, while Moss will play one half of another couple.
Us will be Peele's first feature film since his breakout blockbuster Get Out. Following its release in Feb. 2017, the racially-charged horror film quickly became a pop culture phenomenon and cleaned up at the awards shows. Peele also became the first black man to win an Academy Award for Best Screenplay.
The movie poster does not have a specific date, but Universal Pictures has reportedly has slated the picture for Mar. 15, 2019, THR reports. Check out the poster below, and stay tuned for more updates.
pic.twitter.com/6j43s9YC8e
— Jordan Peele (@JordanPeele) May 9, 2018
Get Out,
Jordan Peele,
Lupita Nyong'o,
US,
Winston Duke
Nipsey Hussle attends the 61st Annual GRAMMY Awards at Staples Center on February 10, 2019 in Los Angeles, California.
Steve Granitz/WireImage
Nipsey Hussle Rumored To Receive Tribute At 62nd Annual Grammy Awards
This time last year, Nipsey Hussle attended the Grammy Awards as a first-time nominee. The Los Angeles native, who earned a nod for his long-awaited feature length studio album, Victory Lap, hit the red carpet alongside his daughter, Imani, and partner Lauryn London. Despite losing the category to Cardi B, Hussle's landing a nomination after years of grinding in the rap game, was a victory within itself.
"It ain't expect nothing," he told Big Boy's Neighborhood last last year of being nominated.. "It's been some talk around it so if the list would've come around and I wasn't on it, I wasn't going to be disappointed."
Two months after the award show, the 33-year-old rapper and entrepreneur was gunned down in the parking lot of his clothing store. Hussle's tragic death seemingly expanded his fans based an illuminated his legacy and influence, and according to a report from Hits Daily Double, the Grammys will pay tribute to the late recording artist during this year's ceremony. It's unclear who will participate in the supposed tribute as the Recording Academy has yet to confirm (or deny) the rumor.
Hussle also received three posthumous Grammy nods for Best Rap Song, Best Rap Performance and Best Rap/Sung performance. The ceremony is expected to feature performances from Tyler the Creator, H.E.R., Charlie Wilson, Lil Nas X, BTS, Lizzo, and Aerosmith with Run DMC, and more.
The 62nd annual Grammy Awards air on Jan. 26 on CBS.
Mike Stobe/BIG3/Getty Images
Jim Jones Hints At A Dipset Movie
With recent individual projects from Cam'ron and Jim Jones gaining widespread acclaim, the latter East Coast rap veteran plans to keep that momentum going with this latest news. According to XXL Magazine, Jones hinted at a movie on their rap collective Dipset, which formed in the late 90s but rose to mainstream prominence in the 2000s.
"We started this as young teenagers. We would've never thought that we did what we did and ended up where we are and we're still here today making money off this industry that we dreamed of being in," he said during an interview on Nick Cannon's Power 106 show. "People know we make music and there's always a nostalgic value when we pop out and do music. But I do believe we got a story that needs to be seen in hip-hop like no other. I know people have a lot of their own glory story, but we really have an action flick that needs to be told."
Dipset, which is comprised of Cam'ron, Jim Jones, Freekey Zeekey, Juelz Santana, and former members 40 Cal., Hell Rell, and J.R. Writer, churned out hit after hit like "Hey Ma (Remix)," "Real Ni**as," "Family Ties," "Dipset Anthem," "I'm Ready," "Crunk Muzik," and more.
A Dipset film will not head to production until Santana's release from prison, Jones also noted. Santana was sentenced to two years in prison for possession of a firearm as a convicted felon. He was also found guilty of possession of a controlled substance. According to his partner Kimbella, Santana is expected to be released in summer 2020.
Bennett Raglin/Getty Images for Essence
Missy Elliott, Solange, Summer Walker And More To Perform At Governors Ball 2020
Start setting aside your funds now, because the lineup for Governors Ball is one that you can't miss. On Thursday (Jan. 16), the popular festival revealed its dates and lineup for its 10th edition. On the bill, attendees will witness performances by Missy Elliott, Solange, Summer Walker, Steve Lacy, Pink Sweat$, and more.
Held at Randall's Island Park in New York City, the event will takeoff June 5-7. In a statement, the festival's organizers commemorated the annual concert for hitting this momentous feat. "The upcoming 10th edition of the Governors Ball Music Festival marks a major milestone for an event that originated as a shared pipe-dream between New Yorkers in their early 20s who wanted to see their city play host to a music festival on par with the world's best live music events," the statement reads.
Tickets hit the market on Friday (Jan. 17) at 12 p.m. EST at govball.com. View the full lineup and flyer below.
Music makes you lose control💥 Tickets on sale tomorrow, Jan 17 at 12pm est at https://t.co/0EBwnWm744. Very limited Early Bird & Advance tickets will be available. pic.twitter.com/jqJq1UiI0r
— The Governors Ball (@GovBallNYC) January 16, 2020


text:
Here's What it Looks Like When a Skydiver Drops a GoPro from 10,000 Feet
ByMax Plenke
In what's probably the best accidental ad campaign ever, a Swedish parachuter lost his GoPro camera after a botched parachute formation sent it spiraling, like a may-daying Warner Bros. cartoon plane from the '30s, into a meadow 10,000 feet down.
Watch on a settled stomach, or if you're trying to convince your doctor you have vertigo.
Kristoffer Örstadius from Kristianstad, Sweden, wrote on YouTube that his father recovered the camera from the field, and after finding the memory card in tact, played back the video — of a group of happy Swedes, the botched attempt, a dizzying drop and finally, a satisfying "smack" against the Earth.
It started with the camera falling out of their hands:
Mic/YouTube
Which led into a seemingly endless and mind-boggling spiral:
And ended with a surprisingly soft landing in the grass:
Örstadius later posted that the GoPro's owner, Tobias Persson from the nearby parachute club, had been found, which isn't surprising since the video now has over 2.3 million views from a week ago. It turns out the camera had been sitting in the field for years.
While the camera's downward spiral was accidental, it did offer an otherwise unattainable look at what you might see while free-falling in an uncontrollable spiral. Most people would hope to never experience this kind of view firsthand, so it's a good thing these skydivers had a perfectly timed case of butterfingers.
h/t the Verge


text:
from tests.lib import pyversion
from pip.vcs.bazaar import Bazaar

if pyversion >= '3':
    VERBOSE_FALSE = False
else:
    VERBOSE_FALSE = 0

def test_bazaar_simple_urls():
    """
    Test bzr url support.

    SSH and launchpad have special handling.
    """
    http_bzr_repo = Bazaar(
        url='bzr+http://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/#egg=MyProject'
    )
    https_bzr_repo = Bazaar(
        url='bzr+https://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/#egg=MyProject'
    )
    ssh_bzr_repo = Bazaar(
        url='bzr+ssh://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/#egg=MyProject'
    )
    ftp_bzr_repo = Bazaar(
        url='bzr+ftp://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/#egg=MyProject'
    )
    sftp_bzr_repo = Bazaar(
        url='bzr+sftp://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/#egg=MyProject'
    )
    launchpad_bzr_repo = Bazaar(
        url='bzr+lp:MyLaunchpadProject#egg=MyLaunchpadProject'
    )

    assert http_bzr_repo.get_url_rev() == (
        'http://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/', None,
    )
    assert https_bzr_repo.get_url_rev() == (
        'https://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/', None,
    )
    assert ssh_bzr_repo.get_url_rev() == (
        'bzr+ssh://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/', None,
    )
    assert ftp_bzr_repo.get_url_rev() == (
        'ftp://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/', None,
    )
    assert sftp_bzr_repo.get_url_rev() == (
        'sftp://bzr.myproject.org/MyProject/trunk/', None,
    )
    assert launchpad_bzr_repo.get_url_rev() == (
        'lp:MyLaunchpadProject', None,
    )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This is a friendly reminder that Moodle maintenance will occur tonight, August 17th, 2011 beginning at 10:00PM; the window lasts until 12:00AM. Should you find your courses open between 10PM and 12AM, please use caution to avoid losing your work (type in external word processing programs and paste into Moodle; avoid quizzes; etc.). Teachers, please plan your Moodle work accordingly.
This update is to version 1.9.13 and includes only minor changes (release notes here). If you have any questions, don't hesitate to write to us at moodle@cciu.org. Thanks again!


March 16: San Francisco St. Patrick's Day parade starts at 11:30am.
June 22-23: Lucky 7's Feis – San Jose. Entries on http://www.feisworx.com.
Aug 12 : Fall classes start.
Classes resume on Monday, January 7th.
Regular classes run through June 29th.
School Show is Saturday 6/16 at the Petaluma Vet's Building, 5pm.
Summer classes will be held July 10 -July 26. These classes are offered through the week and you pick the days you are able to attend.
All regular classes will start back up again during the week of August 13, 2012 .
June 1st: Tickets for school show on sale at class.
2pm-5pm. Petaluma Location (35 Liberty Street).
August 8th: All Classes Resume. Fall Registration due by June 15th.
Golden State Feis, held in San Francisco April 9th & 10th is now open for entries.
Entries are due by March 19th.
Late entries taken until March 26th.
Go to www.feisinfo.com to register your dancer.
Feis is held at St. Mary's Cathedral Conference Center, 1111 Gough Street, San Francisco.
Dancers will be given their figures assignments in class.


text:
Mass Effect: Andromeda First 13 Minutes of Gameplay Video and Embargo Date Revealed
By Rajesh V	 On Mar 4, 2017
IGN.com has posted a video showing the first 13 minutes of gameplay of Mass Effect Andromeda: you can find the footage below, but be careful because the video contains spoilers about the plot of course, unless you want to advance you can stop reading here.
Mass Effect: Andromeda is definitely one of the most anticipated titles of the coming weeks. Today, however, we learned that the first 13 minutes of the gameplay has been appeared online.
In the video (viewable at the bottom of this news) we can see the very first stages of the adventure, in which the protagonist will awaken from a cryogenic sleep that lasted 600 years. We leave you the pleasure of discovering the rest in the video below.
In addition, the well-known insider Shinobi602 has informed via his Twitter account to fans of Mass Effect: Andromeda that on March 20 at 6 AM PT/ 9 AM ET the embargo of the game should expire, and so the first reviews may be published.
Luigi's Mansion 3 Release Date for Switch…
Man of Medan Features Co-op and Online Multiplayer…
Mass Effect: Andromeda will be available in North America on March 21 and will arrive in Europe on 23 of the same month, for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC. The anticipated multiplayer beta was cancelled, the multiplayer segment will be shown in action during PAX East in Boston scheduled for March 10 to 12.
Mass Effect: Andromeda reviews will go up on March 20 at 6 AM PT/ 9 AM ET pic.twitter.com/Z8Rz1FDRMS
— shinobi602 (@shinobi602) March 4, 2017
Mass Effect Andromedapc gamePlayStation 4video gameXbox One


text:
HOME > NEWSROOM > PRESS CENTER > SCOTUS Delivers Major Wins for Religious Liberty with Rulings on Our Lady of Guadalupe and Little Sisters of the Poor Cases
Kenneth Chan, Director of Communications
kchan@nrb.org
SCOTUS Delivers Major Wins for Religious Liberty with Rulings on Our Lady of Guadalupe and Little Sisters of the Poor Cases
WASHINGTON (NRB) – NRB hailed the U.S. Supreme Court's 7-2 rulings honoring religious liberty in the cases of Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru and Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania.
Celebrating today's rulings, Troy Miller, CEO of NRB, the world's pre-eminent association of Christian broadcasters and communicators, said:
These rulings are major wins for religious liberty. We applaud the Court for recognizing in Our Lady of Guadalupe that employers with religious convictions have the right to operate according to those convictions and to employ those who will do so as well – and not just when it comes to ministers. Furthermore, NRB applauds the Court for ensuring through its decision on Little Sisters of the Poor that organizations with sincerely-held religious and/or moral objections are not forced to provide coverage for some or all contraceptive services in their health plans as required by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The freedom to live and operate according to your faith is America's first freedom in the Bill of Rights, and it must be guaranteed and protected.
About NRB
NRB is a nonpartisan, international association of Christian communicators whose member organizations represent millions of listeners, viewers, and readers. NRB's mission is two-fold: To protect the free speech rights of our members to speak Biblical truth, by advocating those rights in governmental, corporate, and media sectors; and To foster excellence, integrity, and accountability in our membership by providing networking, educational, ministry, and relational opportunities. Learn more at www.nrb.org.
About the NRB Convention
The annual NRB Christian Media Convention is the largest nationally and internationally recognized event dedicated solely to assist those in the field of Christian communications. The dynamic and award-winning Exposition consists of dozens of organizations and is an active marketplace for those seeking products and services to enhance their own organization. The next Convention will be held at the Gaylord Texan Convention Center & Resort in Grapevine, Texas, March 15-18, 2021. For more information, go to www.nrbconvention.org.
660 North Capitol Street NW, Suite 210
NRB Applauds FCC Move to Facilitate Religious Broadcasts Amid COVID-19 Crisis
Kay Arthur Receives NRB Milestone Award
Mart DeHaan Receives NRB Milestone Award
Don Hughes Receives NRB Milestone Award
Jack Pelon Receives NRB Milestone Award
Compassion International Receives NRB's Billy Graham Award
Michael Youssef Receives NRB's William Ward Ayer Award for Distinguished Service
John MacArthur, David Jeremiah Receive NRB President's Award
Charles Stanley Receives NRB Chairman's Award
The Erwin Brothers Receive NRB Board of Directors Award
« Newer Posts Older Posts » 1234567...75


text:
Dermal Progression of Neonatal Jaundice of Newborn Under 35 Weeks of Gestational Age
Çisil Çerçi Kubur
Burçin İşcan
Nuray Duman
Hasan Özkan
Abdullah Kumral
To determine the dermal progression of neonatal jaundice in newborns under 35 weeks of gestational age and those risk factors which affect dermal progression.
We prospectively enrolled eighty-eight preterm newborns under 35 weeks of gestational age in neonatol intensive care unit of Dokuz Eylül University Hospital. It was a cross-sectional analytic case study. We measured capillary and transcutaneous bilirubin levels. Multiple sites of TcB measurement were performed.
We observed that there is no significant difference between capillary and transcutaneous bilirubin measurements on preterm newborns under 35 weeks of gestational age (pearson's rho >75 and p<0.05). Additionally, we also observed that transcutaneous bilirubin measurements on preterm newborns under 35 weeks of gestational age (the first day taken on the back, the fourth day on the forehead and the remaining days on the chest) are higher than on the other sides (Friedman test). Therefore, for preterm newborns, jaundice progresses in a different way to cephalocaudal direction with progressive hyperbilirubinemia. We did not observe any association between the existence of cephalocaudal progression in preterm newborns and the laboratory data associated with the mother and baby (Mann-Whitney U test, p>0.05).
Transcutaneous bilirubin measurements can be used for neonatal jaundice of newborns under 35 weeks of gestational age. However, we need further studies for comprehensive descriptions of preterm newborns' jaundice progression.
Keywords: Dermal progression, neonatal jaundice, gestational age, transcutaneous bilirubin measurements, cephalocaudal progression
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is the yellow color found in the sclera and skin of infants with increased bilirubin concentration in the plasma. It is one of the most common problems in the neonatal period, being the most frequent cause of hospitalization in the first two weeks of life. The frequency of jaundice is 60% in term and near term infants and 80% in preterm infants in the first week of life, although jaundice requiring treatment is only seen at a rate of 5-6% in newborns.
Neonatal jaundice first becomes visible on the face and forehead, then gradually becomes visible on the trunk and extremities as the level of serum bilirubin rises. This phenomenon is called the "cephalocaudal progression of jaundice". Kramer first described the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice in 1969 (1). Other investigators have confirmed his findings and demonstrated a direct relationship between plasma bilirubin concentrations and the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice (2-4). There are various theories to explain the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice. However, despite its long-time recognition, there has been no satisfactory explanation of how it occurs to date. Kramer suggested exposure to light may play a role (1). Other theories have indicated differences in the epidermis' surface lipid content and albumin's capillary permeability as explanations (3). More recently, one theory may explain the cephalocaudal color difference by conformational changes in the bilirubin-albumin complex in the blood (5,6) and differences in the skin temperature and capillary blood
flow (7).
Spectrophotometric measurements of the yellow color of the skin and subcutaneous tissues (by transcutaneous bilirubin meter) were introduced in 1980 by Yamanouchi et al. (8) as an alternative to the determination of bilirubin in the serum of neonates.
The exact responsible mechanism for the color of jaundiced skin is unknown. It can show variations due to the skin's natural shade of bilirubin-albumin complexes in the extravascular space and the deposition of bilirubin acid in phospholipid membranes. In a state of equilibrium between plasma and dermal bilirubin concentrations, the intensity of the yellow color skin is related to three factors; plasma bilirubin concentration, the squared hydrogen ion concentration, and the reciprocal of the reverse albumin concentration (9).
In this study, we examined the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice and the effects of clinical and laboratory factors in neonates under 35 weeks of gestational age.
This prospective cross-sectional analytical case study was performed between June, 2012 and May, 2013 at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Dokuz Eylül University Hospital and it was approved by the Dokuz Eylül University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (date: 17.05.2012, approval no: 2012/18-18). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or the National Research Committee and within the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Due to the prospective nature of this study, informed consent was obtained.
During the study period, newborns under 35 weeks of gestational age were included after parental consent. Eighty-eight newborns admitted to the NICU for various causes were included in this study.
In the inclusion of neonates in this study, the yellow skin color (TcB) measurements were taken at six different sites; forehead (TcBf), sternum (TcBs), abdomen (level of the umbilicus) (TcBa), back (interscapular area) (TcBb), knee (TcBk), and foot (TcBf). TcB was measured daily between the postnatal first and tenth days at these six different sites. We took two readings at each site, and used the average value in the calculation. We did not include those newborns who were already receiving phototherapy or had received phototherapy 24 hours prior to the measurement. We measured TcB with a Minolta Jaundice Mater 103 (Konica Minolta Sensing Inc., Osaka, Japon). TcB color difference measurements (between the highest and lowest value) were made simultaneously on the same day with the same baby.
If we observed jaundice through a blood sample by heel prick, the bilirubin level was determined by a standard direct spectroscopic method using Wako's bilirubin tester.
All values are given as the mean ± standard deviation (Figure 1).
We used the SPSS 17.0 program for statistical analysis. In comparisons between groups, if parametric conditions are met, the t-test was employed; if not, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. A statistical significance value of p<0.05 was chosen.
Demographic information is given in Table I. The mean gestational age was 30.7±3.3 weeks. The mean gestational weight was 1,617±672 grams. Sixty point two percent of infants were male.
The average and variation values of TcB measurements from the six body sites are shown in Table II. We evaluated TcB measurements from the different body sites with the Friedman test; the highest values were detected on the first day on the back, the fourth day on the forehead, and on the other days on the chest. For each day, the TcB measurement values from different body parts differed, and the ranking in TcB values varied depending on the day, compared by the Friedman test. The highest TcB measurement for each day is marked with an asterisk (*). Day 1 TcB and serum bilirubin measurement were not included in the evaluation because there was no correlation.
The order of TcB measurement values "HIGHEST and LOWEST" from the 6 different body regions for each day are given in Table III.
There was no difference between the ratio of the decrease in TCB values in the knees and the foot and the decrease in the TCB values in the chest 1.-10. between days (Figure 2).
Table IV shows the mean and standard deviation values of the TcB difference variable (the highest-lowest TcB difference for that day) according to the days.
We compared the difference values of all days in pairs with the paired test and applied Bonferroni correction to these results. When the course of the mean of the TcB difference variable according to the days was examined with regression curve estimation models, the averages showed a cubic function, and the model was significant (p<0.009) (Figure 3) (When the R2 value of the regression model was examined, it was 0.83, and the explanatory power of the model was 83.7%).
As can be seen in Figure 3, the bilirubin difference persists (Y=5.725X+(-1.037)X2 +0.054 X3).
Concerning the TcB color difference, we reported the highest value on day 3. Regression curve models investigated difference averages by day, and as a result, standards have cubic functions (R²: 0.83) (Figure 3). When we compared the difference values of all days with the paired test, day three was statistically significant compared to days one, two, and seven. We found the differences between the highest and lowest transcutaneous measurements on the same day in infants continued significantly on day ten, in a similar manner to the other days (p<0.001).
The mean value of the difference of TcB in this study (highest measurement-lowest measurement) simultaneously on the same day between the same baby's regions continued meaningfully on day ten, in a similar manner to all other days (p<0.001).
Regarding the infants included in this study; 10 (11.4%) had rhesus (Rh) isoimmunization, 3 (3.4%) had ABO blood group incompatibility, 3 (3.4%) had polycythemia, and 1 (1.1%) had a double-volume exchange transfusion. None of the infants had G6PD deficiency, acute bilirubin encephalopathy, cephalohematoma, significant bruising from birth trauma, positive Coombs test, or positive thyroid function tests. We used the hour-specific phototherapy treatment thresholds from the American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management.
We observed no significant difference between capillary and transcutaneous bilirubin measurements (Pearson's rho >75 and p<0.05) (Table V). These findings are consistent with the literature. Studies have shown that TcB and TSB measurements show a perfect correlation (r=0.87-0.96) and a linear relationship between them. In our study, the correlation was weak in the first days with lower bilirubin values. The best correlation was obtained in those measurements from the forehead and chest area.
We evaluated the mean value of the difference of TcB in this study (the highest measurement minus the lowest measurement) on the same day between the same baby's regions non-parametrically by Mann-Whitney U test. It was unrelated to abnormalities in albumin. This is shown in Table VI.
On the 3rd day, the relationship between the average difference and blood gas (with the result of univariate linear regression analysis with blood gas value as the independent variable, and the mean difference on the 3rd day as the result variable), we noted that it was related with blood gas increases. In other words, as the pH increased, the difference increased (p<0.05). However, when we examined the R2 value of the regression model (0.18), it was seen that the explanatory power of the model was low, and this model could only explain 18% of the variation in the difference values. The TcB difference variable was shown not to be affected by plasma albumin level, hematocrit (htc) value, maternal or child disease, Rh incompatibility or ABO incompatibility.
These current findings suggest that the course of jaundice in neonates younger than 35 weeks was differentially centrifugal.
Knudsen and Ebbesen (6) investigated the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice in 377 newborn babies. They made two transcutaneous measurements on the forehead, sternum, knee, and foot regions with a JM-101 device and evaluated the accompanying clinical and laboratory factors (6). Knudsen and Brodersen (9) suggested that bilirubin is transferred to the skin by two different mechanisms. The first of these pathways is the transition of bilirubin-albumin complexes from the plasma to the extravascular compartment. The second is the precipitation of bilirubin acid in phospholipid membranes. The bilirubin acid supersaturates the plasma of the newborn. In vitro studies have shown that pigment precipitates immediately on phospholipid membranes in contact with supersaturated bilirubin solution.
Bilirubin, which is present as a dianion in the bilirubin-albumin complex, combines with two hydrogen ions in the plasma, after which solid bilirubin acid accumulates on the capillary wall, and one molecule of albumin is released into the plasma (4-6). Various hypotheses have tried to explain the cephalocaudal progression of bilirubin; namely, regional skin vascularity differences, regional differences in epidermal lipid content, variations in skin temperature, capillary blood flow, and Knudsen's bilirubin-albumin binding time. The publications of Knudsen and Brodersen (9) cover young albumin-bilirubin complexes circulating in the blood and their conformational changes over time. In this study, the young complexes were separated and extravasated easily, and a tight connection occurred between the complex over time. More youthful complexes in proximal body parts are associated with cephalocaudal progression. The theory is that cephalocaudal progression increases with bilirubin concentration and decreases with albumin's affinity for bilirubin. However, the time for complexes to reach the most distal parts of the body is shorter than the tight junction formation time (the tight junction formation time between albumin and bilirubin starts in 30 seconds and ends in about 8 minutes. However, the blood travel time from the aorta to the foot in a newborn is 4.3 seconds, and blood travels at 1.1 m/sec. In other words, albumin-bilirubin complexes arrive at the foot without having formed a tight connection) (4-9,10).
In our study, we found transcutaneous bilirubin measurements to be higher on the back on the first day, on the forehead on the fourth day, and on the chest on the other days in preterms under 35 weeks during the first ten days. Our study shows that, unlike term babies, the most significant elevation is on the chest region in transcutaneous bilirubin measurements in preterms under 35 weeks, and that jaundice progression follows a different spread, i.e. not from head to toe as in term babies. In this respect, our findings are not similar to the data in the literature (4,6). Our study suggests that jaundice progression in preterms under 35 weeks of age follows a different "centrifugal" spread, not from head to toe as in term babies. In our study, the course of jaundice in preterms may be associated with local factors, such as the lipid content of the skin, the basal skin color of the baby, differences in blood flow, differences in permeability of regional capillaries to albumin, skin perfusion and temperature, decreased capillary flow in the distal skin regions, increased bilirubin production, decreased bilirubin removal from the blood, and/or increased enterohepatic circulation (4,6,7).
TcB measurements on the chest area correlated very well with TSB measurements, suggesting that it would be appropriate to measure TcB on the chest area.
Whether the mother has a history of hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational DM, Rh incompatibility, or antenatal steroid use during pregnancy and whether the patient has a history of direct Coombs negativity, polycythemia, abnormalities in hemogram, biochemistry, or albumin levels, we analyzed the distribution in terms of transcutaneous bilirubin measurement differences, and no difference was found. No similar study was found in the literature (11,12-24). The change in bilirubin difference significantly affects the increase in blood gas. In other words, the difference increases as the pH increases (p-value<0.05). These results are consistent with the literature (5).
We found a statistically significant correlation between transcutaneous-capillary bilirubin measurements. We have shown that using the TcB measurement as a screening tool to determine the necessity of serum bilirubin measurement is reliable for preterm infants. Many studies in the literature have also shown that there is a correlation between TcB and TSB measurements (8,10-23).
This study has some limitations. The most important limitation is the small sample size. Additionally, it is also possible that the cephalocaudal progression of icterus spreads slower in neonates born closer to term than our population of preterms under 35 weeks of gestational age, as seen in the population of the study of Kamphuis and Bekhof (25).
More studies are needed to better understand the dermal kinetics of bilirubin. A better understanding of bilirubin kinetics may offer new possibilities for preventing bilirubin encephalopathy.
We found a statistically significant correlation between transcutaneous-capillary bilirubin measurements. We have shown that using the TcB measurement as a screening tool to determine the necessity of serum bilirubin measurement is reliable for preterm infants. Many studies in the literature have also shown that there is a correlation between TcB and TSB measurements. And also, our study shows that, unlike term babies, the most significant elevation is on the chest region in transcutaneous bilirubin measurements in preterms under 35 weeks and that jaundice progression follows a different spread, not from head to toe as in term babies. In this respect, our findings are not similar to the data in the literature. Our study suggests that jaundice progression in preterms under 35 weeks of age follows a different "centrifugal" spread, not from head to toe as in term babies.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Prof. Dr. Pembe Keskinoglu for reviewing the statistical analysis.
Ethics Committee Approval: This study was approved by the Dokuz Eylül University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (date: 17.05.2012, approval no: 2012/18-18).
Informed Consent: Informed consent was obtained.
Surgical and Medical Practices: Ç.Ç.K., B.İ., A.K., Concept: Ç.Ç.K., N.D., H.Ö., Design: Ç.Ç.K., H.Ö., A.K., Data Collection and/or Processing: B.İ., A.K., H.Ö., Analysis and/or Interpretation: B.İ., N.D., H.Ö., Literature Search: B.İ., N.D., H.Ö., A.K., Writing: Ç.Ç.K.
Conflict of Interest: All of the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Financial Disclosure: This research did not receive any specific grant from any funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Kramer LI. Advancement of dermal icterus in the jaundiced newborn. Am J Dis Child 1969; 118:454-8.
Ebbesen F. The relationship between the cephalo-pedal progress of clinical icterus and the serum bilurubin concentration in newborns without blood type sensitization. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1975; 54:329-32.
Hegyi T, Hiatt M, Gertner I, Indyk L. The cephalocaudal progression of dermal icterus. Amer J Dis Child 1981; 135:547-50.
Knudsen A. The cephalocaudal progression of jaundice in newborns in relation to the transfer of bilurubin from plasma to skin. Early Hum Dev 1990; 22:23-8.
Knudsen A. The influence of the reverse albumin concentration and ph on the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice in newborns. Early Hum Dev 1991; 25:37-41.
Knudsen A. Ebbesen F. Cephalocaudal progression of jaundice in newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Biol Neonate 1997; 71:357-61.
Purcell N, Beeby PJ. The influence of skin temperature and skin perfusion on the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice in newborns. J Paediatr Child Health 2009; 82:582-86.
Yamanouchi I, Yamauchi Y, Igarashi I. Transcutaneous bilurubinometry: preliminary studies of noninvasive transcutaneous bilirubin meter in the Okayama National Hospital. Pediatrics 1980; 65:195-202.
Knudsen A, Brodersen R. Skin colour and bilurubin in neonates. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64:605-9.
Ahlfors CE, Wennberg RP. Bilirubin-albumin binding and neonatal jaundice. Semin Perinatol 2004; 28:334-9.
Ebbesen F, Knudsen A. The risk of bilirubin encephalopathy, as estimated by plasma parameters, in neonates strongly suspected of having sepsis. Acta Paediatr 1993; 82:26-9.
Ebbesen F, Knudsen A. The possible risk of bilirubin encephalopathy as predicted by plasma parameters in neonates with previous severe asphyxia. Eur J Pediatr 1992; 151:910-2.
Knüpfer M, Pulzer F, Braun L, Heilmann A, Robel-Tillig E, Vogtmann C. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90:899-903.
Bhutani VK, Gourley GR, Adler S, Kreamer B, Dalin C, Johnson LH. Noninvasive measurement of of total serum bilirubin in a multiracial predischarge newborn population to assess the risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics 2000; 106:e17.
Ebbesen F, Rasmussen LM, Wimberley PD. A new transcutaneous bilirubinometer, BiliCheck, used in the neonatal intensive care unit and the maternity ward. Acta Paediatr 2002; 91:203-11.
el-Beshbishi SN, Shattuck KE, Mohammad AA, Petersen JR. Hyperbilirubinemia and transcutaneous bilirubinometry. Clin Chem 2009; 55:1280-7.
Rubaltelli FF, Gourley GR, Loskamp N, et al. Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement: a multicenter evaluation of a new device. Pediatrics 2004; 107:1264-71.
Keren R, Bhutani VK, Luan X, Nihtianova S, Cnaan A, Schwartz JS. Identifying newborns at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia; a comparison of two recommended approaches. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90:415-21.
Beck M, Kau N, Schlebusch H. Transcutenous bilirubin measurement in newborn infants: evaluation of new spectrophotometric method. Arch Dis Child Fetal and Neonatal Ed 2003; 88:350-1.
Bertini G, Rubaltelli FF. Non-invasive bilirubinometry in neonatal jaundice. Semin Neonatol 2002; 7:129-33.
Samanta S, Tan M, Kissack C, Nayak S, Chittick R, Yoxall CW. The value of bilicheck as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice in term and near-term babies. Acta Paediatr 2004; 93:1486-90.
Grohmann K, Roser M, Rolinski B, et al. Bilirubin measurement for neonates; comparison of 9 frequently used methods. Pediatrics 2006; 117:1174-83.
Maisels MJ, Ostrea EM, Touch S, et al. Evaluation of new transcutenous bilirubinometer. Pediatrics 2004; 113:1628-35.
Porter ML, Dennis BL. Hyperbilirubinemia in the term newborn. Am Fam Physician 2002; 65:599-606.
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Dermal progression neonatal jaundice gestational age transcutaneous bilirubin measurements cephalocaudal progression


text:
Q: RESTful PUT with file upload and form data in Spring MVC I am using Spring MVC to expose some RESTful web services. One of the operations calls for a RESTful PUT operation when a form is submitted.
However, the form is no ordinary form in that it contains a file input along with regular inputs such as text and checkboxes.
I have configured Spring to work with RESTful PUT and DELETE by adding the HiddenHttpMethodFilter in the web.xml. In my forms, i have a hidden _method parameter being sent as well.
All this works fine for DELETE, PUT without file upload, etc. When I try to do a PUT with file upload and form data, it gives me a 405.
HTTP Status 405 - Request method 'POST' not supported

My controller method looks like this:
@RequestMapping(value = "/admin/cars/{carId}", method = PUT, headers = "content-type=multipart/form-data")
public String updateCar(@PathVariable("carId") String carId, CarForm form) {
    // save and return the right view.
}

My HTML form looks like this:
<form action="<c:url value='/admin/cars/${car.id}'/>" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT" />
    <input type="text" name="carName" value="${car.name}" />
    <input type="file" name="photo" />
    <input type="submit" />
</form>

Is what I am trying to achieve doable at all using PUT? If so, how to make Spring MVC understand that?

A: Actually, PUT receives a binary stream and not multipart data. You can use org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter to make it work.

A: Add MultipartFilter to enable file uploads before HiddenHttpMethodFilter in your web.xml (as written in HiddenHttpMethodFilter API docs, see NOTE).
Also:

Note: This filter is an alternative to using DispatcherServlet's
  MultipartResolver support, for example for web applications with
  custom web views which do not use Spring's web MVC, or for custom
  filters applied before a Spring MVC DispatcherServlet (e.g.
  HiddenHttpMethodFilter). In any case, this filter should not be
  combined with servlet-specific multipart resolution.

(from MF's docs, emphasis mine)
Also, MultipartResolver's bean name must be filterMultipartResolver in order to MultipartFilter run properly (or must be set via <init-param>).
EDIT:
As I expected in my last comment, there's an issue with CommonsMultipartResolver which supports only POST method by default. (Actually, The method in the isMultipartContent comes in as POST even though it is a PUT as the MultipartFilter is declared before the HiddenHttpMethodFilter. as OP notes.) Below is extednded class with slighlty modified static method it uses originally:
public class PutAwareCommonsMultipartResolver extends CommonsMultipartResolver {

    private static final String MULTIPART = "multipart/";

    @Override
    public boolean isMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) {
        return request != null && isMultipartContent(request);
    }

    /**
     * Utility method that determines whether the request contains multipart
     * content.
     *
     * @param request The servlet request to be evaluated. Must be non-null.
     *
     * @return true if the request is multipart; {@code false}
     * otherwise.
     *
     * @see ServletFileUpload#isMultipartContent(HttpServletRequest)
     */
    public static final boolean isMultipartContent(HttpServletRequest request) {
        final String method = request.getMethod().toLowerCase();
        if (!method.equals("post") && !method.equals("put")) {
            return false;
        }
        String contentType = request.getContentType();
        if (contentType == null) {
            return false;
        }
        if (contentType.toLowerCase().startsWith(MULTIPART)) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

}

A: If anyone is interested in an alternative solution (MultipartResolver with PUT method), to enforce Restful style for instance, you may have a look at Spring 3.0 FileUpload only with POST?.


text:
All About the Juice
Technology moves so fast. So much has happened to the smartphone industry in the last decade. But you know what hasn't really changed all that much?
The battery.
With phones getting smarter and more and more people finding that they can do so much with one converged device, battery life becomes more of a concern than ever before. Why has battery technology not improved at a pace even somewhat comparable to the rate as the devices it powers? Good question. If the answer was easy, we would probably have seen its advancements in today's most popular juice guzzling gadgets. So if battery technology can't be improved upon, hardware manufacturers must improve their technology and find workarounds that work well with the battery limitations that they are left with. I find it interesting that different companies do this in different ways.
Take the iPhone for example. When it comes to hardware, a really efficient use of space is a must as the device continues to be not only one of the smallest smartphones, but one of the smartest. Apple has taken a multi-pronged approach as they have made some game changing decisions that while unconventional, makes total sense. Let's break down areas of the hardware that make the iPhone a true leader in battery management:
(Since Apple has introduced these methods for battery conservation, other companies have taken notice and adapted some of these techniques as well.)
Non-removable battery: By going with a non-removable battery, Apple has more space to work with as it does not require the housing for a battery door. Apple has also found a way to create batteries that mold to fit the space allowance given after all the components have been put in place so that there is not the smallest little corner of wasted space on the inside of the device.
Sensors: Apple also uses sensors like one to determine how bright the display needs be given the light source around it. There is also a sensor that turns off the display when the handset is up to your ear when on a phone call.
As for the software?
Well there is the always "controversial" means of multi-tasking that essentially just freezes the state of an application while giving special permissions for audio and even data transfers for specified time periods after exiting the app. Then you can look to the series of toggles in the settings app which is common in all smartphones these days. (Although I wish these toggles were just a little bit more accessible.)
I'm sure there are other ways that battery life is conserved on the iPhone if I wanted to really get nerdy with it.
But before I wrap up this post, I want to take a look at some other interesting takes on extending battery life. How about the recently released DROID RAZR MAXX with a new extended battery built in that adds some needed girth to the "thinnest smartphone" available. I know all about the power of an extended battery as I use the Mophie Juice Pack Plus case with my iPhone. While the case adds a tremendous amount of bulk, it does so with enough battery to get just about anyone through a day without having to worry about plugging in.
But the biggest trend I see recently is simply making the device bigger. If there is one thing that is popular right now in the smartphone industry, it's big screens. With a bigger screen, you get a bigger phone. But that also means you get a bigger battery. Take the Samsung Galaxy Note for example. With it's 5" display, it carries one big son of a bitchin' battery with it. And the larger the device, the larger the battery. Proof of this is the 10 hour battery life on the iPad. I won't argue with whether the Note can seriously be called a phone, but it is hard to argue that the larger device trend we are seeing today is partially due to the needs of a bigger battery to power these handsets.
So what comes next in battery technology? We will just have to wait and see. But I feel comfortable in saying that I'm sure the iPhone will be a leader in getting us there.
February 21, 2012 / Clay Russell/ Comment
The iPhonaddict Unboxes the Nike+ ...
Ailph Jambox - Little Box, Big Sound


You can now undo or redo design changes without reverting back to the original design. You also have a wider selection of graphics, such as Illustrations, Boxes and Shapes, and Frames.
A new version of the Wix File Share app has been released. Now your site members can go to their profile page to see files they've uploaded or marked as favorite.