text:
Newcastle (Staffs) AC
Information ◄
Where are we based
When do we train
Club Races ◄
Newcastle 10k
Newcastle Dales Dash
Routes ◄
Wolstanton Marsh 1
Keele Campus 1
North Street Run
Penkhull Puffer
Recent Results ◄
Mow Cop Killer mile 30/04/2015
Stratford Half Marathon
Stratford Marathon
Hoka Highland Fling Ultra (53miles)
Manchester Marathon 19th April 2015
Manchester Marathon
Mow Cop Fell Race 12th April
South Cheshire 10K 5th April
Newcastle 10k 29th March 2015
21st and 22ndMarch 2015 Race Results
Stafford 20 8th March
Wrexham Marathon 8th March
Wrexham Half Marathon 8th March
Hanley 5k Saturday 7th March
Anglesley Half Marathon 1st March
Coventry Half Marathon 1st March 2015
Cheadle 5 1st March 2015
English National Cross Country C...
Midlands Cross Country Champions...
NSCCL – Park Hall
Capesthorne Half Marathon
Juniors ◄
Junior Fixtures
Junior Results
Juniors News
Social ◄
Newcastle (Staffs) AC © 2015
N. Staffs Cross Country League race 2 @ Stafford Common – 27/10/2018
Nov 01 - N. Staffs Cross Country League race 2 @ Stafford Common – 27/10/2018
Saturday 27th October saw our Senior Women and Men take on the challenge of the second fixture in this years North Staffs Cross Country League, held at a cold, but unusually firm underfoot Stafford Common. Following the first fixture our Senior Women were in first position in Division 1 and our Senior Men were in third in Division 1, so we needed a good turn out to consolidate and improve the team and individual positions.
Rebecca on her way to Race Victory
The Senior Women's race was held over two large laps covering a distance of ~5.2km and U/20 Rebecca Twardochleb went one better than last time, with a convincing race victory in a time of 18:28, Leah Whiston was our next counter, also going one place better to make the podium with a fine 3rd (19:11), U/20's Sophie Goodfellow and Lucy Matthews had another battle all the way, with Sophie just pulling away at the end in 8th (19:48) and Lucy in 9th (19:51). Amy Neil was next in 12th (20:08), U/20 Alex Oakley improved by 14 places in just her second race with the seniors to finish 26th (21:10), Maxine Bickerton knocked 15 places off last time out in 43rd (22:23), Catherine Bridgewater was 48th (22:51) with Lisa Ho just one second behind in 49th (22:52), Rachel Wakefield was 56th (23:13), Olivia Cunningham was 67th (23:35), Hannah Jones came back in 87th (24:22), Jan Cassidy was 98th (25:04) with Cheryl Everard finishing next in 99th (25:09), Susan Twardochleb improved by 16 places to finish in 108th (25:30), Sarah Bayliss was next in 110th (25:35), Julia Bridgewater knocked 10 places off and was 121st (26:06), Nicola Brownsword was 134th (26:51), Tonia Vernon was 137th (27:04), Sharon Tomkinson was 144th (27:22), Vicki Stevens was 149th (27:41), Stacey Sharman was 188th (31:04), Kerry Taylor was 210th (33:36), Kirsty Davison 213th (34:35) and Bekki Stokes was our final runner in 220th (35:26).
Amy onto the podium with a fine 3rd
We had a great turnout of 25 U/20, Senior and Masters Women and our team recored another clear victory scoring just 21 points (the next two teams scored 48 and 60 respectively). Our U/20's also finished in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th in their category. The Masters category results were not available at this time but our Ladies were in 6th place after the first fixture. Well done to everybody who represented the club.
Jordan lapping runners on his way to 18th and first club finisher
The Senior Mens race covered three large laps which was ~7.6km in length. U/20 Jordan Nixon was our first finisher this time, improving 7 places to finish in 18th (25:42) with fellow U/20's Lee J Watson next in 19th (25:55) and Jacob Droogmans in 28th (26:20). Next in was Tim Sharman in 30th (26:24), Simon Ford was 33rd (26:28) and Jamie Pringle completed our scoring 6 in 42nd (26:51). Ian Bayliss was 48th (27:09), Bruce Johnson 63rd (27:57), Jerome Stevens was 76th (28:18) with Andy Walker just behind in 78th (28:21), David Morgan-Bourne was 102nd (29:11), Scott Zikmanis was 115th (29:42), Neil Gerrity was 117th (29:50), Jon Ranford was 151st (31:11), Mark Cotton was next in 158th (31:38), Craig Taylor was 166th (31:49), Andrew Brownsword knocked 19 places off his last position to finish in 176th (32:14), Tim Twentyman showed he's getting fitter, knocking a massive 46 places off, to finish 178th (32:24), Matt Way improved by 21 places and was 204th (33:42), Paul Wakefield was 219th (34:12), Stuart Cassidy knocked 23 places off to come in 231st (34:47), Kevin Oakley just got the better of Kevin Davison in the battle of the Kevins, with Kevin O finishing in 255th (36:10) to Kevin D finishing in 258th (36:19). Congratulations to all 23 U/20, Senior and Masters Men who competed, the team finished in 2nd position on the day with 170 points and are now in 3rd place overall, just 20 points off second with 2 races to go. Our U/20's Jordan, Lee J and Jordan finished in 5th, 6th and 8th places respectively. After the first fixture our Masters 40+ were in 1st place and scored 525points this time out.
Our Junior Athletes also competed and their report can be found HERE.
Thank you to Brian Dale (www.racephotos.org.uk) for the photographs.
Next league fixture Saturday 17th November at Park Hall Country Park.


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text:
Dr. Alina Polyakova
Director of the Project on Global Democracy and Emerging Technology and Fellow, Center on the United States and Europe
Dr. Alina Polyakova is the founding director of the Project on Global Democracy and Emerging Technology and fellow in the Center on the United States and Europe at the Brookings Institution. She is also adjunct professor of European studies at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University. Her work examines Russian political warfare, European populism, digital authoritarianism, and the implications of emerging technologies to democracies. Previously, she served as director of research and senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, professor of sociology at the University of Bern, and Fulbright Fellow.
Populism and the coming era of political paralysis in Europe
By Andrea Kendall-Taylor & Alina Polyakova
Alina Polyakova on the Russian Provocation in the Sea of Azov
By Andrea Kendall-Taylor, Jim Townsend & Alina Polyakova
View All Reports by Dr. Alina Polyakova View All Articles & Multimedia by Dr. Alina Polyakova

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Located on a gorgeous tree-lined street in the friendly community of Mount Pleasant, this beautifully built custom home brings you a lifestyle you will love. With a balance of modern contemporary, this property has every upgrade a home can have. From the custom-built winding staircase that is open from the top floor to the basement, allowing the flow of natural light, to the custom poly gloss kitchen cabinets, this versatile home has it all. The main floor offers 9 ft ceilings and a great layout, starting with a front den, to an open concept kitchen and finishing with a south facing living room with gas fireplace. Upstairs you will find 3 bedrooms with 4pce bathroom, a laundry room with sink, and the master bedroom with walk-in closet and executive ensuite. Heated floors, a shower with dual heads, huge Jacuzzi tub with skylight above, and two sinks, this massive ensuite is the definition of luxury. Downstairs has a fourth bedroom (w/ walk-in closet), 3pce bath, and an amazing wet bar. To top this property off, there are speakers throughout with theatre set up in the bsmt, bsmt RI for heated floors, quartz throughout and a double garage.


The particles of natural diamond added to a coating of hard chrome allow a quicker and easier sharpening with respect to a traditional sharpener.
Excellent for knives subject to wear and tear.
Position the edge of the blade along the length of the sharpener pressing lightly according to the movement shown in the picture and than again on the other side of the sharpener to sharpen the other edge of the blade.
Repeat more times the operation alternatively on both the edges of the blade.
Important: the knife must be slightly inclined giving it an angle from 20 ° to 30 °.


text:
ORGO
Years of Operation
HKU, LAN, LOS
The course's prerequisite is successful completion of CTYOnline's Honors Chemistry, CTY's Fast Paced High School Chemistry, or at least a B in first-year high school chemistry. There is no sample syllabus on CTY's website for this course.
In lab, students learn important organic chemistry techniques. Beyond simple and fractional distillations to isolate products, students also separate products by crystallization and extraction. To demonstrate acetylation, for example, students may synthesize aspirin; to demonstrate hydrolysis, they may synthesize soap. In addition, students learn to apply different techniques for confirming the identity or relative purity of a product, such as Infrared spectroscopy (IR) or melting point determination. Students complete the course with a deeper understanding of the chemistry of carbon compounds and are better prepared for college organic chemistry.
At LAN 16.2, the class was taught by Ramu Mallarappu, who quickly and unknowingly gained a following for his epic shade. This began with him telling Isaac to go drink some acid, which he did not actually mean as an insult. The class also decided that Aidan strongly resembled Edward Snowden and eschewed his real name in favor of calling him Edward, or Snowden, or occasionally Snowdie. There was also Garyk's infamous "hi daddy" snapchat (which led to his receiving a "daddy loves you" birthday card) and Peter's (whose name was actually Matthew) couples song, which he sang whenever one of the three couples of the class (Cindyk, Apardon, or Isalyn) was in sight. They almost had a fourth couple, until Issy made it clear she had no interest in Liam, going so far as to create a fake boyfriend, Spencer (based on Spencer Reid from Criminal Minds). The class's groupchat grew into a massive hot mess, from which originated the Groupxhat movie franchise starring Edward Snowden and created by Nina, the ongoing grill jokes, "staggered conformations", and of course "like butt." ORGO.LAN.16.2 also had the best drag day of all time due to almost the entire class participating along with the computer science girls who shared a hall with the ORGO girls. The class's official motto was "gotta b nice," although it grew many variations, such as "gotta nice" (courtesy of Issy) and "gotta b knife" (courtesy of Isaac). One of the class's earliest memes was Lauren's socks and flip-flops, which persisted until she wowed people at the dances with her somewhat sexual dancing with Nina. Their dancing led to endless couple jokes, which the two embraced until Nina decided she'd had enough, saying that she was "straight with exceptions," which everyone took to mean bisexual (which she is NOT). The earliest ship was Garyk and Isaac, leading to stalker shots and constant sexual jokes, at least until Garyk asked Cindy out. From Aparna's momming to Sophia's death stares at Matthew S to the constant Lamborghini video quotes, ORGO.LAN.16.2 was crazy and wonderful, and all of its Nomores and Nevermores will always be grateful for this second family.
Retrieved from "https://www.realcty.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Organic_Chemistry&oldid=52486"


By: United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region.
Tongass National Forest (N.F.), woodpecker project area : environmental impact statement.
Tongass National Forest guide : draft.
Wildernesses & primitive areas in southwestern national forests.
By: United States. Forest Service. Southwestern Region.
Record of decision : Tongass National Forest land and resource management plan, Alaska.
Alaska solitude : wilderness areas of the Tongass National Forest.
Wilderness areas > Alaska > Tongass National Forest.
37 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 22 x 28 cm.


In October I read 15 books.
It starts today. Every Monday this month will have a blog prompt about nonfiction books. I love this event! In previous years I've read nonfiction only in November but I didn't plan ahead that much this year.
It is also time to write your novel during National Novel Writing Month. I'm writing a romance. Who else is writing this year?
Super interesting covers. I've never been able to get myself to read any Pam Muñoz Ryan–it always seems like it's going to be so serious. Juliet Takes a Breath is on my TBR, but otherwise I haven't seen any of these. Super curious about A Long Way to a Small Angry Planet and How May We Hate You, based on titles alone!
Becoming Naomi Leon was serious but fun too. It is middle grade so it isn't overwhelming.
Good luck with NaNoWriMo! I'm writing a fantasy, but I'm kind of running out of steam this week. Hoping I can catch up next week!
I'm going to be running into the part of my NaNo book that I don't have well thought out this week. Time to start improvising.
Most of these books I haven't heard of before. I want to read Becoming Naomi Leon and Radio Girls. I'm finding nonfiction to be as much fun as fiction in the books published today.
You did awesome. A couple of those appeal to me, like Jonas Karlsson's book. Happy November!
Lots of great looking books! Hope November goes well for you!


text:
Q: Unexpected R behavior with function parameter Am R newb.  I coded a function that uses 3 parameters.   In my code i use one of the parameters to help me read files from a directory.  There are 100 files in the directory.   The code works fine when I pass it all the function parameters and specify the files i want to read.
functionX(var1, var2, id) and functionX(var1, var2, id = 1:100)

## Below is the first line of code for me that uses "id".

sub.file.names  <- file.names[id]   ### Get file names

The odd thing is that when a value for "id" is not passed to the function initially (or set with a 1:100 default), the code seems to read all the file names anyway.   And it does so even though a value for "id" has never been established.
It's as if R somehow treats the two functions below the same when the user omits passing a value to "id" when executing the function ... eg, functionx("var1", "var2")  ## and does not pass any id variable
functionx(var1, var2, id)
functionx(var1, var2, id = 1:100)

Any pointers on why this is happening would be great to know.  I feel the answer is obvious, but have not been able to figure it out.

A: Let me try to explain what is happening with a simple example. Consider the following function
foo = function(i){
  LETTERS[i]
}

When you try foo(), you will notice that the function returns all 26 uppercase letters. Why does that happen? Well, everything in R is a function. So when you say LETTERS[i], you are essentially calling the function [. So, the function call is
`[`(LETTERS, i)

Since i is missing, this call is executed as [(LETTERS) (essentially LETTERS[]) which returns all elements of the vector. Note that this occurs because the [ function allows for the i argument to be missing while calling it. Check ?[
If you want the function to act differently when id is missing, either check for missing(id), or explicitly set it to NULL as default. So, if you do
foo2 = function(i = NULL){
  LETTERS[i]
}

foo2() will return a zero length character vector.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ankrum, Seavey On Stock Car Show Tonight At 7pm – RCO FB Live!
MOORESVILLE, N.C. — Three-time winner and current NASCAR K&N Pro Series East racer Tyler Ankrum and Open Wheel rising star Logan Seavey headline tonight's Stock Car Show on Spreaker, PMN Radio and our new Facebook live stream on the Race Chaser Media Facebook Page.
Tune in as hosts Tom Baker, Jacob Seelman, Chris Murdock and Cisco Scaramuzza break down the weekend's action and the latest news from around the racing world.
Ankrum will join the show to talk about his winning debut this past weekend at New Hampshire International Speedway and a rookie season in the series that wasn't scheduled to be full-time.
Seavey will join the show via the Race Chaser hotline to talk Dirt Derby at Eldora and share his perspective on nearly winning the event in his first time at the track and first time in a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race, competing for Kyle Busch Motorsports.
Listen live for free from anywhere with either the Spreaker App (search Race Chaser Radio) or the PMN Radio App (show plays automatically).
You can also watch the full-show live stream on the Race Chaser Media Facebook page beginning at 7pm Eastern time tonight.
REBROADCASTS: The show will be rebroadcast on the Performance Motorsports Network on Thursday nights from 9 – 11 p.m. Pacific, Friday mornings from 10 a.m. to noon Eastern and 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. Eastern, as well as the Monday following the show from 12 noon – 2 p.m. Eastern time.
ON-DEMAND: The shows will also be available on-demand via the Race Chaser Online Soundcloud channel on Friday afternoon following the show, or on iHeart Radio, iTunes, Spreaker and Google Play by searching 'Race Chaser Radio' on any of those platforms. The videocast will be available on-demand on the Race Chaser Online You Tube page after 12 noon on Tuesdays.
Race Chaser Media is a full-service audio, video and written content creation company that specializes in, but is not limited to, the Motorsports industry. Race Chaser Media produces and hosts two weekly Motorsports podcasts that air live on their audio partner's platform, the Performance Motorsports Network (PMN Radio). The podcasts are also rebroadcast on PMN Radio several times throughout each week and are available on-demand by searching 'Race Chaser Radio' on iHeart Radio, iTunes, Google Play and Spreaker.


The BGM-109 Tomahawk missile is an all-weather, long range, land attack, subsonic, cruise missile launched from surface ships and submarines. It has the capability to loiter over a target area for some hours and to reprogram the missile while in-flight to strike alternate targets. At launch, an Aerojet Rocketdyne produced Mk 135 solid propellant booster propels the missile until a small turbofan engine takes over for the cruise portion of flight. Aerojet Rocketdyne also loads the 1,000 pound class WDU-36/B blast fragmentation warhead with a PBXN-107 explosive.


text:
package Examples;

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Copyright (c) 2001-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
//
// This file is part of Aspose.Words. The source code in this file
// is only intended as a supplement to the documentation, and is provided
// "as is", without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

import com.aspose.words.*;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

public class ExFormFields extends ApiExampleBase {
    @Test
    public void formFieldsGetFormFieldsCollection() throws Exception {
        //ExStart
        //ExFor:Range.FormFields
        //ExFor:FormFieldCollection
        //ExSummary:Shows how to get a collection of form fields.
        Document doc = new Document(getMyDir() + "FormFields.doc");
        FormFieldCollection formFields = doc.getRange().getFormFields();
        //ExEnd
    }

    @Test
    public void formFieldsGetByName() throws Exception {
        //ExStart
        //ExFor:FormField
        //ExSummary:Shows how to access form fields.
        Document doc = new Document(getMyDir() + "FormFields.doc");
        FormFieldCollection documentFormFields = doc.getRange().getFormFields();

        FormField formField1 = documentFormFields.get(3);
        FormField formField2 = documentFormFields.get("CustomerName");
        //ExEnd
    }

    @Test
    public void formFieldsWorkWithProperties() throws Exception {
        //ExStart
        //ExFor:FormField
        //ExFor:FormField.Result
        //ExFor:FormField.Type
        //ExFor:FormField.Name
        //ExSummary:Shows how to work with form field name, type, and result.
        Document doc = new Document(getMyDir() + "FormFields.doc");

        FormField formField = doc.getRange().getFormFields().get(3);

        if (formField.getType() == FieldType.FIELD_FORM_TEXT_INPUT)
            formField.setResult("My name is " + formField.getName());
        //ExEnd
    }

    @Test
    public void insertAndRetrieveFormFields() throws Exception {
        //ExStart
        //ExFor:DocumentBuilder.InsertTextInput
        //ExSummary:Shows how to insert form fields, set options and gather them back in for use
        Document doc = new Document();
        DocumentBuilder builder = new DocumentBuilder(doc);

        // Insert a text input field. The unique name of this field is "TextInput1", the other parameters define
        // what type of FormField it is, the format of the text, the field result and the maximum text length (0 = no limit)
        builder.insertTextInput("TextInput1", TextFormFieldType.REGULAR, "", "", 0);
        //ExEnd
    }

    @Test
    public void deleteFormField() throws Exception {
        //ExStart
        //ExFor:FormField.RemoveField
        //ExSummary:Shows how to delete complete form field
        Document doc = new Document(getMyDir() + "FormFields.doc");

        FormField formField = doc.getRange().getFormFields().get(3);
        formField.removeField();
        //ExEnd

        FormField formFieldAfter = doc.getRange().getFormFields().get(3);

        Assert.assertNull(formFieldAfter);
    }

    @Test
    public void deleteFormFieldAssociatedWithBookmark() throws Exception {
        Document doc = new Document();
        DocumentBuilder builder = new DocumentBuilder(doc);

        builder.startBookmark("MyBookmark");
        builder.insertTextInput("TextInput1", TextFormFieldType.REGULAR, "TestFormField", "SomeText", 0);
        builder.endBookmark("MyBookmark");

        ByteArrayOutputStream dstStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        doc.save(dstStream, SaveFormat.DOCX);

        BookmarkCollection bookmarkBeforeDeleteFormField = doc.getRange().getBookmarks();
        Assert.assertEquals(bookmarkBeforeDeleteFormField.get(0).getName(), "MyBookmark");

        FormField formField = doc.getRange().getFormFields().get(0);
        formField.removeField();

        BookmarkCollection bookmarkAfterDeleteFormField = doc.getRange().getBookmarks();
        Assert.assertEquals(bookmarkAfterDeleteFormField.get(0).getName(), "MyBookmark");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Population planning in Singapore
In the 1960s the Singapore government encouraged women, especially uneducated women, to get sterilised following their second child.
Population planning in Singapore spans two distinct phases: first to slow and reverse the boom in births that started after World War II; and second, from the 1980s onwards, to encourage parents to have more children because birth numbers had fallen below replacement levels.
The first phase started with the launch of the Singapore Family Planning and Population Board in 1966 to aggressively promote family planning, after Singapore faced "post war food and housing shortages".[1] SFPPB targeted low-socioeconomic status individuals, particularly females, and worked to encourage contraceptive use, such as condoms and birth control.[1] The SFPPB advocated for small families, establishing the "Stop-at-Two" programme, which pushed for small two-children families and promoted sterilisation in order to have population control. SFPPB also opened more clinics to better the health and welfare of families.[1]
The government program "Stop-at-Two" was very successful. The program could even be considered too successful.[2] The policy that encouraged couples to have no more than two children started to cause a population decline and impact the population structure of Singapore in a negative manner.[3] The government has made attempts to reverse the falling birth rates, initiating phase two.
Phase two has been very unsuccessful.[4] A lot of policies set in place by the government during phase one made phase two difficult to take place. In phase one, civil workers were not paid for maternity leave after their second child, hospital fees were higher after the second child, top school choices were given to only children with parents who had been sterilized before the age of 40, which was rewarded with seven days of paid leave.[4] During phase two, several of these policies were still taking place and individuals remained having one child, or no children.[4]
The government eventually became pro-natalist, and officially announced its replacement "Have-Three-or-More (if you can afford it)" in 1987, in which the government continued its efforts to better the quality and quantity of the population while discouraging low-income families from having children. The Social Development Unit (SDU) was also established in 1984 to promote marriage and romance between educated individuals.[5]
1 Phase 1: To Slow & Reverse
1.1 Post War
1.2 Family Planning
1.3 Overcrowding concerns
1.4 Establishment of the FPPB
1.5 Stop-at-Two
1.6 The demographic transition and the Graduate Mothers Scheme
2 Phase 2: Increase Fertility
2.1 Have-Three-or-More (if you can afford it)
2.2 Policy comparisons between Have-Three-or-More and Stop-at-Two, starting 1988
2.3 Statistics on Failure of Phase Two
2.4 Modern legacy and current practices
Phase 1: To Slow & Reverse[edit]
Post War[edit]
See also: Demographics of Singapore and Japanese occupation of Singapore
World War II in Singapore ended in 1945, and the years following caused the population to increase faster than the economy was developing. There were about 1 million baby boomers born between the years of 1947 and 1964, live births increasing 58%.[6]
With the rapid increase of Singapore after the war, the country would soon face of the effects of overpopulation, which could be the depletion of natural resources, degradation of environment, a rise in unemployment, and a higher cost of living. From 1947 to 1957, the social forces which caused the post–World War II baby boom elsewhere in the world also occurred in Singapore. The birth rate rose and the death rate fell; the average annual growth rate was 4.4%, of which 1% was due to immigration; Singapore experienced its highest birth rate in 1957 at 42.7 per thousand individuals. (This was also the same year the United States saw its peak birth rate.) Upon Singapore experiencing the many of the effects of overpopulation, and in fear of experiencing more, the Singapore government decided to step in.[6]
Family Planning[edit]
Family planning was introduced to Singapore in 1949 by a group of volunteers led by Constance Goh that eventually became the Family Planning Association of Singapore and established numerous sexual health clinics offering contraception, treatments for minor gynaecological ailments, and marital advice. Until the 1960s there was no official government policy in these matters, but the postwar British colonial administration, followed by the Singaporean government, played an increasingly important role by providing ever larger grants to the Association, as well as land for its facilities network, culminating in 1960 with a three-month nationwide family planning campaign that was jointly conducted by the Association and government. The population growth rate slowed from 4–5% per year in the 1950s to around 2.5% in 1965 around independence. The birth rate had fallen to 29.5 per thousand individuals, and the natural growth rate had fallen to 2.5%.[7]
Singapore's population expansion can be seen in the graph below:
1947–2000[8]
1947–1957 84.7%
Overcrowding concerns[edit]
At the time of independence, many Singaporeans lived in the Central Area in overcrowded shophouses; and the bulk of the work of the Housing Development Board had not yet been completed. In 1947, the British Housing Committee Report noted Singapore had "one of the world's worst slums – 'a disgrace to a civilised community'", and the average person per building density was 18.2 by 1947 (high-rise buildings had yet to be constructed en masse); about 550,000 people lived in squalid squatter settlements or "ramshackle shophouses" by 1966.[9] Rapid population growth was perceived as a threat to "political stability and living standards" that led to population overcrowding that would overwhelm employment opportunities and social services in education, health and sanitation.[10]
Despite their fall since 1957, birth rates in the 1960s were still perceived as high. On average, a baby was born every 11 minutes in 1965; Kandang Kerbau Hospital (KKH) – a women's hospital where most babies in Singapore were delivered – saw over 100 deliveries per day in 1962. In 1966, KKH delivered 39,835 babies, earning it a place in the Guinness Book of World Records for "largest number of births in a single maternity facility" each year for ten years. Because there was generally a massive shortage of beds in that era, mothers with routine deliveries were discharged from hospitals within 24 hours.[11]
Establishment of the FPPB[edit]
In 1959, the People's Action Party came to power, and in September 1965 the Minister for Health, Yong Nyuk Lin, submitted a white paper to Parliament, recommending a Five-year Mass Family Planning programme that would reduce the birth rate to 20.0 per thousand individuals by 1970. This was to become the National Family Programme; in 1966, the Family Planning and Population Board (FPPB) had been established based on the findings of the white paper, providing clinical services and public education on family planning.[10] Initially allocated a budget of $1 million SGD for the entire programme, the FPPB faced a resistant population, but eventually serviced over 156,000. The Family Planning Association was absorbed into the activities of the FPPB.
Lee Kuan Yew as first Prime Minister of Singapore held wide sway over the government's social policies before 1990. Lee Kuan Yew was recorded in 1967 as believing that "five percent" of a society's population, "who are more than ordinarily endowed physically and mentally," should be allocated the best of a country's limited resources to provide "a catalyst" for that society's progress. Such a policy for Singapore would "ensure that Singapore shall maintain its pre-eminent place" in Southeast Asia. Similar views shaped education policy and meritocracy in Singapore.[12]
Stop-at-Two[edit]
In the late 1960s, Singapore was a developing nation and had not yet undergone the demographic transition; though birth rates fell from 1957 to 1970, in 1970, birth rates rose as women who were themselves the product of the postwar baby boom reached maturity. Fearing that Singapore's growing population might overburden the developing economy, Lee started a vigorous Stop at Two family planning campaign. Abortion and sterilisation were legalised in 1970, and women were urged to get sterilised after their second child. Women without O-Level qualifications, deemed low-income and lowly educated, were offered by the government seven days' paid sick leave and $10,000 SGD in cash incentives to voluntarily undergo the procedure.[10][8][13]
A historical poster from the widespread "Stop-at-Two" campaign, which created many posters across different languages that were displayed in schools, hospitals and public workplaces
The government also added a gradually increasing array of disincentives penalising parents for having more than two children between 1969 and 1972, raising the per-child costs of each additional child:[10][14]
Workers in the public sector would not receive maternity leave for their third child or any subsequent children
Hospitals were required to charge incrementally higher fees for each additional child.
Income tax deductions would only be given for the first two children
Large families were penalised in housing assignments.
Third or fourth children were given lower priorities in education;
Top priority in top-tier primary schools would be given only to children whose parents had been sterilised before the age of forty.
The government created a large array of public education material for the Stop-at-Two campaign, in one of the early examples of the public social engineering campaigns the government would continue to implement (Speak Mandarin, Speak Good English, National Courtesy, Keep Singapore Clean and Toilet Flushing Campaigns) that would lead to its reputation as "paternalistic" and "interventionist" in social affairs.[8][15] The "Stop at Two" media campaign from 1970 to 1976 was led by Basskaran Nair, press section head of the Ministry of Culture, and created posters with lasting legacy: a 2008 Straits Times article wrote, "many middle-aged Singaporeans will remember the poster of two cute girls sharing an umbrella and an apple: The umbrella fit two nicely. Three would have been a crowd."[16] This same poster was also referred to in Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's 2008 National Day Rally speech. Many other posters from the "iconic" campaign included similar themes of being content with two girls, to combat the common trend in developing Asian societies for families with only daughters to continue "trying for a boy".
In addition to promoting just having two children, the government also encouraged individuals to delay having their second child and to marry late, reinforcing the inevitable demographic transition. Other slogans and campaign material exhorted Singaporeans with such messages as:
"Small Families – Brighter Future: Two is enough" (this message captioned a photo of two young girls)
"The second can wait" (a mother and father are seen as being happy with one child)
"Teenage marriage means rushing into problems: A happy marriage is worth waiting for"
"One, Two: And that's ideal: Sterilisation, the best method for Family Limitation" (shown with a cartoon of two girls' faces)
"Take your time to say 'yes'"[11]
Small Family: Brighter Future
"Please stop at two!" (a stork carries a four-member nuclear family)[17]
The Straits Times interviewed mothers who were sterilised in that era, noting it was common to get sterilised at a young age, citing a woman who had undergone tubal ligation at KKH at the age of 23, herself coming from a large family of ten. "The pressure [disincentives] was high. The Government clearly didn't want us to have more than two." A gynaecologist doctor who worked KKH recalled sterilisation rates became "sky high" after the disincentives had been implemented; it was common for hospital workers to chide women who were pregnant with third-order or higher births, recommending abortions, while such women talked about their pregnancy "[as if] they committed a crime". The Straits Times also suggested the disincentives had been very effective; one woman cited how sterilisation certification had to be shown to a school for a third child to receive priority, while she and four out of five sisters eventually underwent sterilisation.[16] Expensive delivery fees ("accouchement fees") for third-order and higher births would also be waived with sterilisation.
The campaign was known to target the uneducated in particular; Lee believed that, "Free education and subsidised housing lead to a situation where the less economically productive people ... are reproducing themselves at [a higher rate]." He believed that implementing a system of government disincentives would stop "the irresponsible, the social delinquents" from thinking that having more children would entitle them to more government-provided social services.[18]
We must encourage those who earn less than $200 per month and cannot afford to nurture and educate many children never to have more than two...we will regret the time lost if we do not now take the first tentative steps towards correcting a trend which can leave our society with a large number of the physically, intellectually and culturally anaemic. Lee Kuan Yew, 1969[18]
The government justified its social policy as a means of encouraging the poor to concentrate their limited resources on nurturing their existing children, making them more likely to be capable, productive citizens.[10] The government also had to respond to criticism that this policy favoured Chinese over minority races; Malays and Indians were stereotyped to have higher birth rates and bigger families than the Chinese, further fuelling accusations of eugenics.[19]
The demographic transition and the Graduate Mothers Scheme[edit]
As Singapore modernised in the 1970s, fertility continued to drop. The natural replacement rate reached 1.006 in 1975; thereafter the replacement rate would drop below unity. Furthermore, the so-called "demographic gift" was occurring in Singapore as with other countries; increases in income, education and health and the role of women in the workforce were strongly correlated to levels of low population growth. According to a paper by the Library of Congress, by the 1980s, "Singapore's vital statistics resembled those of other countries with comparable income levels but without Singapore's publicity campaigns and elaborate array of administrative incentives."[10]
Lee Kuan Yew was alarmed at the perceived demographic trend that educated women – most of all the college-educated – would be less likely to marry and procreate. Such a trend would run antithetical to his demographic policy, and part of this failure, Lee conjectured, was "the apparent preference of male university graduates for less highly educated wives". This trend was deemed in a 1983 speech as "a serious social problem".[10] Starting 1984, the government of Singapore gave education and housing priorities, tax rebates and other benefits to mothers with a university degree, as well as their children. The government also encouraged Singapore men to choose highly educated women as wives, establishing the Social Development Unit (SDU) that year to promote socialising among men and women graduates, a unit that was also nicknamed "Single, Desperate and Ugly".[10][19] The government also provided incentives for educated mothers to have three or four children, in what was the beginning of the reversal of the original Stop at Two policy. The measures sparked controversy and what became known as The Great Marriage Debate in the press. Some sections of the population, including graduate women, were upset by the views of Lee Kuan Yew, who had questioned that perhaps the campaign for women's rights had been too successful:
Equal employment opportunities, yes, but we shouldn't get our women into jobs where they cannot, at the same time, be mothers...our most valuable asset is in the ability of our people, yet we are frittering away this asset through the unintended consequences of changes in our education policy and equal career opportunities for women. This has affected their traditional role ... as mothers, the creators and protectors of the next generation.
—  Lee Kuan Yew, "Talent for the future", 14 August 1983[8]
The uproar over the proposal led to a swing of 12.9 percent against the People's Action Party government in the 1984 general election. In 1985, especially controversial portions of the policy that gave education and housing priorities to educated women were eventually abandoned or modified.[10][14]
A 1992 study noted that 61% of women giving birth had secondary education or higher, but this proportion dropped for third-order births (52%) and fourth-or-higher-order births (36%), supporting the idea that more children per capita continue to be born to women with less qualifications, and correspondingly, lower income.[13] This issue is greatly known as the Great Marriage Debate. Many incentives were given to graduate women to marry and give birth to produce babies which were believed to be 'highly intelligent' to maximise the talent pool in Singapore.
Phase 2: Increase Fertility[edit]
Have-Three-or-More (if you can afford it)[edit]
In 1986 the Government of Singapore had recognised that falling birth rates were a serious problem and began to reverse its past policy of Stop-at-Two, encouraging higher birth rates instead. By 30 June of that year, the authorities had abolished the Family Planning and Population Board,[20] and by 1987, the total fertility rate had dropped to 1.44. That year, Goh Chok Tong announced a new slogan: Have Three or More (if you can afford it), announcing that the government now promoted a larger family size of three or more children for married couples who could afford them, and promoted "the joys of marriage and parenthood".[10] The new policy took into account Singapore's falling fertility rate and its increased proportion of the elderly, but was still concerned with the "disproportionate procreation" of the educated versus the uneducated, and discouraged having more than two children if the couple did not have sufficient income, to minimise the amount of welfare aid spent on such families.[13] The government also relaxed its immigration policies.[citation needed]
In October 1987, future Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, then a young Brigadier-General, exhorted Singaporeans to procreate rather than "passively watch ourselves going extinct".[21] United Press International noted the "baffled" reaction of parents, many who had grown up in an era where they were told that having more than two children was "antisocial". One parent commented, "are we being told to have more children for the sake of the country or for ourselves?"[22] Goh Chok Tong, despite the scepticism, remained optimistic that the population rate would be restored to the replacement rate by 1995. An NUS sociologist however, observed that Singapore had "a new breed of women" – one "involved in their careers [and] used to a certain amount of leisure and more material possessions" – and hence would not be as receptive to financial incentives as previous women of the 1960s and the 1970s. As of 2011[update], Singapore's birth rate has not yet been restored to replacement level.[23]
Policy comparisons between Have-Three-or-More and Stop-at-Two, starting 1988[edit]
This section is in list format, but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (July 2014)
Mothers with a third child would get 750 SGD in child relief (factoring historic exchange rates, this was about $662 in 2010 US dollars). If a mother had three 'O'-level passes in one sitting, she would qualify for an enhanced child relief rebate (lowered from a threshold of five passes). Having a fourth child would qualify for enhanced child relief of 750 SGD plus 15% of the mother's income, up to 10000 SGD.
All disincentives and penalties given in school registration to families with more than two children are to be removed; in the presence of competition, priority would be allocated to families with more than two children.
Subsidies for each child in a government-run or government-approved child care centre
Medisave could now be authorised for hospital costs of a third child (previously forbidden under the Stop at Two policy)
Families with more than two children with a HDB flat of three rooms or higher would receive priority if they desired to upgrade to a larger flat
"Abortions of convenience" discouraged, with compulsory abortion counselling
Women undergoing sterilisation with less than three children would receive compulsory counselling
Expansion of the SDU's role and authority; recognising that the low birth rate reflected late marriages, the SDU also wooed those with postsecondary A-level qualifications rather than just college graduates
Starting 1990, a tax rebate of 20,000 SGD (US$18,000 in 2010 dollars, factoring historic exchange rates) were given to mothers who had their second child before the age of 28
Starting 1993, the sterilisation cash grant for lowly educated women was liberalised, allowing women to agree to use reversible contraception rather than sterilisation; educational bursaries for existing children were added as existing benefits, so long as the number did not exceed two.[13]
Statistics on Failure of Phase Two[edit]
Phase Two started in the early 1960s. The natural rate of increase (per 1,000 population) between the years of 1955–1960 (five years previous to phase two) was 35.4. Five to ten years later, the natural rate of increase decreased to 27.8.[24] Following that, 20 years later the natural rate of increase continued to decline. The natural rate of increase between the time period of 1980–1985, was 12.2, and several years after that, between the years of 2010–2015 the natural rate of increase, continued decreased to 4.6.[24] The lowest natural rate of increase seen in Singapore and according to the data of the United Nations (2017) will continue to decline. The rate of natural increase in Singapore is forecasted to decrease to 1.2 between the period of 2025–2030.[24]
Singapore population
Time period Rate of natural increase
1955–1960 35.4
1995–2000 9.7
Modern legacy and current practices[edit]
The modern SDU, renamed the Social Development Network in 2009, encourages all Singaporean couples to procreate and marry to reverse Singapore's negative replacement rate. Some of the social welfare, dating and marriage encouragement, and family planning policies are also managed by the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports.
Channel NewsAsia reported in January 2011 that the fertility rate of Singaporeans in 2010 were 1.02 for Chinese, 1.13 for Indians and 1.65 for Malays. In 2008, Lee Kuan Yew said the below-national-average birth rate for the Chinese was a "worrying trend".[25] That same year, he was quoted as saying, "[If] you marry a non-graduate, then you are going to worry if your son or daughter is going to make it to the university."[18][26]
Different sources have offered differing judgments on the government policies' impact on the population structure of Singapore. While most agree that the policies have been very interventionist, comprehensive and broad, the Library of Congress Country Study argues "it is impossible to separate the effects of government policies from the broader socioeconomic forces promoting later marriage and smaller families," suggesting that the government could only work with or work against much more powerful natural demographic trends. To the researchers of the study, the methods used in 1987 to attempt to reverse the falling birth rate was a demonstration of "the government's [continued] assumption" that citizens were receptive towards monetary incentives and administrative allocation of social services when it came to family planning.[10]
However Saw Swee Hock, a statistician and demographer quoted in the Straits Times in 2008, argued the demographic transition "was rapid because of the government's strong population control measures," but also admitted that, "even without the Stop at Two policy, the [total fertility rate] would have gone below 2.1 due to [the demographic transition]."[16] When demographic transition statistics are examined – in 1960, the total fertility rate was approximately ~6 – Asian MetaCentre researcher Theresa Wong notes that Singaporean birth rates and death rates fell dramatically in a period that occurred over "much shorter time period than in Western countries," yet such a short time frame is also seen in other Southeast Asian countries, where family planning campaigns were much less aggressive.[8] According to Saw Swee Hock, "the measures were comprehensive and strong, but they weren't reversed quickly enough".
Though newer modern policies exhibit "signs that the government is beginning to recognise the ineffectiveness of a purely monetary approach to increasing birth rates", a former civil servant noted that the government needs "to learn to fine-tune to the emotions rather than to dollars and cents. It should appeal more to the sense of fulfilment of having children". Such measures include promoting workplaces that encourage spending time with the family, and creating a "Romancing Singapore Campaign" that "[directly avoided being linked] to pro-children and pro-family initiatives," since "people get turned off" when the government appears to intervene in such intimate social affairs as marriage. However, this is still seen by some citizens as "trivialising" love and "emotional expression", which "should not be engineered".[16][8] In 2001, the government announced a Baby Bonus scheme, which paid $9000 SGD for the second child and $18000 for the third child over six years to "defray the costs of having children", and would match "dollar for dollar" what money parents would put into a Child Development Account (CDA) up to $6000 and $12000 for the second and third child respectively. In 2002, Goh Chok Tong advised "pragmatic" late marriers "to act fast. The timing is good now to get a choice flat to start a family."[27]
Demographics of Singapore
Human population control
^ a b c "Singapore Family Planning & Population Board is established - Singapore History". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ YOUNGBLOOD, RUTH (21 June 1987). "'Stop at 2' Campaign Works Too Well; Singapore Urges New Baby Boom". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ "SLOW Movement: ST: Two is not enough". chutzpah.typepad.com. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ a b c "Singapore Population Control Policies - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ Wong, Theresa. "Fertility and the Family: An Overview of Pronatalist Population Policies in Singapore". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ a b ""Baby Boom Generation in Singapore and its Impact of Ageing"". Engineering and Technology International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 8: 809–817. 2014.
^ Mui, Teng Yap (2007). "Singapore: Population Policies and Programs". In . Robinson, Warren C; Ross, John A. (eds.). The global family planning revolution: three decades of population policies and programs. World Bank Publications. pp. 201–219. ISBN 978-0-8213-6951-7.
^ a b c d e f Wong, Theresa; Brenda Yeoh (2003). "Fertility and the Family: An Overview of Pro-natalist Population Policies in Singapore" (PDF). Asian Metacentre Research Paper Series (12).
^ Yuen, Belinda (November 2007). "Squatters no more: Singapore social housing". Global Urban Development Magazine. 3 (1).
^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Singapore: Population Control Policies". Library of Congress Country Studies (1989). Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ a b "Family Planning". National Archives. Government of Singapore. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
^ Diane K. Mauzy, Robert Stephen Milne, Singapore politics under the People's Action Party (Routledge, 2002).
^ a b c d Mui, Teng Yap (1995). "Singapore's 'Three or More' Policy: The First Five Years". Asia-Pacific Population Journal. 10 (4): 39–52. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ a b Jacobson, Mark (January 2010). "The Singapore Solution". National Geographic Magazine. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
^ "Poster Collection". Singapore Collection. Lee Kong Chian Reference Library. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
^ a b c d Toh, Mavis (24 August 2008). "ST: Two is not enough". The Straits Times. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
^ "National Family Planning Programme – Stop at Two". healthcare50.sg. Retrieved 12 August 2011. [permanent dead link]
^ a b c Chee, Soon Juan (2008). A Nation Cheated. ISBN 978-981-08-0819-8.
^ a b Webb, Sara (26 April 2006). "Pushing for babies: S'pore fights fertility decline". Reuters. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ "SINGAPORE FAMILY PLANNING AND POPULATION BOARD(REPEAL) ACT". Singapore Statutes. Parliament of Singapore. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
^ "Singapore – Government". Country Studies Program. Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ Youngblood, Ruth (21 June 1987). " "'Stop at 2' Campaign Works Too Well; Singapore Urges New Baby Boom". United Press International. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ "Department of Statistics, Singapore. Infographic on Crude Birth Rate" (PDF). www.singstat.gov.sg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
^ a b c "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
^ De Souza, Ca-Mie (17 August 2008). "Chinese community assured, new initiatives for Malay/Muslims". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ "Eugenics in Singapore". Your SDP. 9 November 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ "Opening of Parliament". Singapore Parliamentary Proceedings. Parliament of Singapore. Archived from the original on 16 August 2011.
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No seriously, if it's making you miserable, this isn't something you need to do. Grumpy rumblings gives you permission to not do it. You're not spoiling your kid. You're not destroying your child's chances of ever being able to sleep at night or whatever dire consequence you think is going to happen.
There is nothing wrong with nursing to sleep. No, the baby won't be needing the breast to get to sleep at age 5. There's a reason breastmilk has sleepy juice and anti-cavity stuff in it. Even if you wanted to breast feed forever, the kid will eventually wean on his or her own. You're not fostering bad habits that will have to be broken later. And, the baby can fall asleep a different way for a different care provider even while nursing to sleep with you. Rocking is fine too unless you dislike doing it. Again, five year olds don't need to be rocked to sleep.
It is OK if your kid doesn't take naps. Honest. You don't need a rigid schedule. If your kid is cranky from lack of sleep then, sure, encourage naps and sleeping in, but if your kid is perfectly happy… that is OK. You're not a bad parent. Really!
Cosleep if that works for you. Don't cosleep if it doesn't. Stick to a schedule if that's what's easiest, but don't bother if it is making you miserable. There is no "You have to do this," in parenting once you get past the basics of food, shelter, clothing, interaction, and love.
Also, while we're at it– you don't need to force pureed organic baby foods down your kid's throat if the kid isn't ready for them. If they just come right back out, you have our permission to take a break from trying. And no, solids will not help your baby Sleep Through The Night, even if your pediatrician says they will– pubmed disagrees. And it's ok if your baby doesn't sleep through the night! Sleeping through the night is unnatural and an invention that we've only had since electric lighting.
This tiny rant brought to you by #1's kid being old enough that she's hearing folks' stress again. And having some seriously scary interviews with potential mothers helpers. Aieeeee!
I love this. And as my kid gets older, I learn that a lot of the pro-strict-sleep-training/CIO people in my life didn't actually do it themselves. They just seem to think it's the thing to advocate.
I wish all new moms could hear this from the important people in their lives when baby is born. (And from strangers on the internet too!) Dire warnings are everywhere. Thanks for a dose of sanity and encouragement.
We at grumpy rumblings are glad to help! Fight the maternal guilt industry!


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text:
Q: Create DB2400 external user defined table function? I'm trying to create a UDTF in DB2400
I have a ILE CL program I want to call.  The program is created and runs like I want.
I create the UDTF
create function SMLFQA.XAJJUPC_LE(USERID CHAR(10))
    returns table (
                STATUS CHAR(3),
                USED DEC(7, 0),
                CREATED DEC(7, 0),
                SIGNON DEC(7, 0),
                EXCLUDE DEC(7, 0))
    EXTERNAL NAME 'SMLPQA/XAJJUPC_LE'
    specific XAJJUPC_LE
    language CL
    DISALLOW PARALLEL
    NO SQL
    PARAMETER STYLE DB2SQL

It apparently gets created
I try to run it
select * from table(smlfqa.xajjuc_le('xxxxx')) a

What I get
select * from table(smlfqa.xajjuc_le('xxxxx')) a

[SQL0204] XAJJUC_LE in SMLFQA type *N not found.

Elapsed Time:  0 hr, 0 min, 0 sec, 0 ms.

I'm pretty sure it creates because it does not let me create it again until I first drop it.
Any suggestions about what I'm doing wrong?

A: String literals in SQL are varchar.  You've defined the UDTF as needing a char parameter.
Since SQL allows for function overloading, it's looking for a function that accepts a varchar.
Either change the parm to varchar (which CL doesn't support), or cast the literal.
select * from table(smlfqa.xajjuc_le(char('xxxxx'))) a


Awesome graphics and idea. Found it a bit hard to play - jumping felt a bit awkward but maybe thats my work machine. Will definitely try again from home tonight.
The game is fun too, I just wish the world was bigger - I ran around in the same place chasing birds for too long.
That is really good! Nice graphics and it's playable and fun to boot.. even got good difficulty levels and online highscores.
It doesn't even feel rushed at all.
Odd, I've only ever seen webstart do that on really slow connections. Does it work if you try again?
Alternatively, I've put together a windows .exe version. Download here.
Lots of fun, very impressive for 48h!
Wow . I really like the graphics, it does feel very dreamy. And the game is also fun to play .
But ... did I miss something or u didn't include Duke ?
did I miss something or u didn't include Duke ?
It wasn't a requirement, just a recommendation, and whoever used Duke the best gets a special award.
Whee! Thanks for the comments everyone.
We ran out of time unfortunately, there was going to be clothes hanging from one of the lines with a t-shirt with Duke on it. However that would have needed a chunk of code to make them properly sway and flap.
The graphics are awesome. It's easy to understand. The sounds are nice and I like the idea with the ropes.
Webstart didnt work for me either (same exception as SimonH), but neither have any of the others so most likely my problem. Download worked great!
So I had a non-techy friend who somehow had Webstart misconfigured on their mac ( ) so I knocked up a native Mac version. Download link. It's the same code just wrapped up via the handy-dandy Ant Jar Bundler task.
Please include the Solaris binaries (64-bit) for LWJGL.
Wow, people still use Solaris? Shouldn't be too hard to add the libs though, I'll have a look at it.
A minor update, but Cat On A Wire has a proper webpage do-hicky now.
Cute! 2nd place for me (second try).


"These materials were purchased by C.F. Martin guitar company in Nazareth,PA. As their website states "committed to corporate responsibility and environmental stewardship, and to support this commitment, Martin maintains FSC chain of custody certification.""
At the time, I assumed that was assurance enough that the guitars were legal. Now I'm not so sure.
Well, it's an early fall once again here in central Pennsylvania. I just came in from walking the dog, it's in the mid-60's, the sky is clear and cool...and the high school band is practicing the old stand-bys. I live next to State College High School, and this time of year I always love to hear the new State High band practicing in the cool of the evenings. Tonight as I walked the dog, it was pleasant to hear the refrains of America the Beautiful, followed by the Battle Hymn of the Republic. Mine eyes have seen the glory...!
"TOTeMS Aechitecture designed the amazing Casey Key Guest House that is located in Casey Key, Florida, USA. On a barrier island, along Sarasota Bay was the chosen location, the structure of the house was influenced by the owner wish "…respect the land, and the rest will follow" and of course by the oak trees. So the house has a beautiful, organic shape dictated by nature.
If you didn't get out to Penn State's Ag Progress Days this year, you missed a nice living history presentation of 19th-century charcoal-making. Luckily for you, you can catch it here at Go Wood!
You might recall we discussed real hardwood charcoal around Memorial Day, just in time for summer grilling. Well, the history of this life-sustaining, industrial revolution wood product is shared here by Sandy Smith of Penn State Extension, with his fellow colliers Bill Metzel, a historical re-enactor from State College, and Paul Fagley of the Pennsylvania DCNR, historical interpreter for the Greenwood Furnace State Park. Video is about 20 minutes long, and well worth the look at a side of history you've probably never heard or read about.
Public, or Private, Ownership of "Excess" Housing?
Wednesday, I introduced a straightforward proposal to turn the housing market around in a hurry. John Krier, the author of The Simple Solution, is a semi-retired west-coast lumber industry executive who, as an owner of 14 rental units, stands to profit from the current rise in rents due to the shortage of rentals as "empty" housing numbers mount. He and I discussed this yesterday after I called him to let him know that I had received quite positive feedback from the office of a prominent national politician...they had reviewed the article and the full proposal and had forwarded it to their legislative staff in Washington.
"Or, we can re-engage private investment in the game."
Fortunately, we're hearing rumbles out of Washington that the experts are thinking along the same lines.
"When Fall the Banks of England..."
All I know about banking economics I learned years ago from the movie "Mary Poppins". In the story, an irascible but lovable London banker, George Banks, is living the good but stressful life of maintaining a household at 17 Cherry Tree Lane in 1910 London; a wife named Winifred who is fully engaged in the suffragette movement; two self-identified "adorable" children, Jane and Michael; a cook, a maid, and a nanny, who turns out to be Mary Poppins.
"Good-day, Banks! How's the world of finance these days?"
Mr Banks: "Excellent, Admiral. Credit rates are moving up, up, up, and the British pound is the envy of the world."


True Church of the Lord Jesus Christ the can be found at 3374 Pleasant Hill Rd . The following is offered: Religious Organizations . In Athens there are 16 other Religious Organizations. An overview can be found here.


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text:
Monmouth Castle
NP25 3BS
Monmouth Castle now exists as a ruin, tucked away behind the town's main shopping street. Strategically located at crossings of the River Wye and River Monnow, there are now only a few fragments segments of ruin dating from the 12th-century Great Tower and 13th-century hall, a sad indictment of this once-important castle.
Founded in the 11th century by a Norman lord known as William Fitz Osbern, by the mid-14th century Monmouth Castle was in the hands of Henry of Grosmont, who altered the tower with much larger decorated windows, making it less practical for defending, whose outline can still be seen in the east wall.
The most notable event in the tower's history arguably occurred on 16 September 1387, when King Henry V, hero of the Battle of Agincourt was born here, an occasion commemorated at Monmouth's Agincourt Square. As a king he is immortalized in one of Shakespeare's last plays from the 16th century, and famously depicted by Kenneth Branagh in the 1989 film adaptation.
The original timber fortress was amplified with stone defences some time during the period in the 12th century known as the Anarchy (a brief civil war between supporters of King Stephen and Queen Maud).
Over the course of its history, the castle was captured briefly by Simon de Montfort during the Baron's War, but eventually passed to Edmund Crouchback, Henry III's second son and the 1st Earl of Lancaster. It was during this period that Crouchback added the castle's Hall and strengthened the defences further. As the castle grew, so did the town that was developing around it.
Only fragments of this once important castle now remain. The curtain wall, gatehouse and great round keep, the iconic parts of the castle designed for protection, which stood until the Civil War where the Great House now stands, have now completely vanished.
A small section of the town's museum records the early defences of Monmouth and its castle. The site is now home to a recreated medieval courtyard garden with herbs, named the 'King's Garden'. The castle remains are roughly oval, about 140 metres long and 90 metres wide, with steep cliffs to one side.
All that is left is the ruined Great Tower and Hall. These stand on the edge of a slope heading down to the river Monnow, on the west side of the formerly great castle. Still partly apparent is a ditch in gardens behind Agincourt Square. Half-way along Castle Hill Road was the former entrance to the castle, consisting of a bridge and strong gatehouse, although these too are no longer in existence.
The castle's end came during the English Civil War, when it changed hands three times and was eventually slighted by Parliamentary troops. A local diary for 1647 states that on 30th March some local townsmen and soldiers began pulling down the iconic great round tower, which stood where Great Castle House now stands, and that on 22nd December at 'about 12 o'clock, the Tower in the castle of Monmouth fell down, upon its side, whilst we were at sermon'. The Great Castle House was built in 1673 by Henry Somerset, later the duke of Beaufort, was to replace his family's residence in the country following the Civil War. In 1875 the house became the headquarters of the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers (Militia), and as such it remains one of the few British castles still under military occupation.
Shuttercraft Monmouth
Next: Millbrook Garden Centre


ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF COMPOSITE RESINS The aim of the study was to compare using atomic force microscopy the surface roughness of three types of composite resins after finishing and polishing procedure with three different systems. A hybrid (Valux Plus, 3M ESPE), a microhybrid (Filtek Z 250, 3M ESPE) and a nonohybrid (Herculite XRV Ultra, Kerr) composite resins were chosen for this study. A number of 28 samples having 10 mm in long ,7 mm in width and 2 mm in high of each composite resin were obtained. The samples were equally split in 4 groups. In control group 7 specimens of each material received no finishing and polishing treatment after being cured under plastic matrix strip. In the first study group 7 samples of each material were finished using fine, safe end taper tungsten carbide bur, 7 samples were finished using superfine needle diamond bur and 7 samples used diamond impregnated one stage polisher. The surface of all composite samples was analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The results were expressed as root mean square surface roughness (nm). The results were statistically analysed using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test at a 0.5 significance level. Significantly differences were obtained in the surface roughness of all three tested composite resins after finishing and polishing when comparing to surface roughness from control group. The one-step diamond abrasive polisher leaded to a significant lower surface roughness for all three composite resins when comparing to the surface roughness when tungsten carbide bur or diamond bur were used. Surface roughness of Valux Plus was higher than that observed for Filtek Z 250 or Herculite XRV Ultra, irrespective of the system used for finishing and polishing. The surface roughness of composite resins is in relation with the type of composite resin and the type of finishing and polishing system. The one-step diamond abrasive polisher was more efficient in obtaining smooth surface when comparing to tungsten carbide bur or diamond bur. The nanohybrid composite resin has a lower surface roughness when comparing to microhybrid and the hybrid composite resin after finishing and polishing.