Al looked back to see that the men had regained their footing and were heading towards him. He sped up, running as fast as he could before the exertion caught up with his lack of endurance. He started gaining distance, first at half a block, then a full, then one and a half by the time he saw the sign that confirmed he was going the right way.
Scarinjou had been its own town once, hundreds of years ago, and was situated a few miles from the center of Whitney. It'd had the misfortune of too many critical losses of notable residents, legislature, and businesses over time so that the support for Whitney being the chief city in the area won out. In turn, it became the forgotten town where police rarely patrolled and money for improvements didn't even trickle in. It had once included several other neighborhoods that had since renamed themselves, distancing themselves from Scarinjou as much as possible. Teakwood was safe enough to walk at night, Old Mavingold might have a few drunks stumbling down the street, but only Scarinjou made people take long detours around in order to avoid its streets.
Al knew he had crossed the line into Scarinjou based purely on the cobblestones popping up every so often, causing him to trip and falter even with the extra balance he got from magic. He slowed his pace due to the thicker crowds and to watch his step better. At this time of night, the streets were filled with snake oil salesmen, corrupt priests, cheap wizards, prostitutes, thugs, and the men looking to hire any of them, even in the pouring rain. It wasn't easy to see with only the light from the windows of taverns and brothels keeping him from slamming into the walls of buildings, but he managed to feel a sense of safety returning.
Now that he had made it, he needed to get out of sight and hole up for a bit. He wiped the stream of water from his face and was treated to the laughing calls from a few men leaning outside of a bar. "How are you doing, brother?" one asked.
Al gave a low wave and slowed down as he passed them. "Brother". How dare they? It wasn't like Al was like them, the scum of the city. He was an honest and hardworking man who paid his taxes and was polite to people. Not like them at all. They moved on to different conversation and ignored him, swears and rude phrases peppering their conversation. They spat into the street and began catcalling a group of whores who saddled by them, catcalling them back. It was all so sickening to Al, like the stench of curdled milk. He didn't just need to get out of sight, he wanted to.
He spotted a narrow, stone stairway across the street that led up past where he could see. He shouldered past a guy standing at the corner who looked like he was going to charge Al a toll if he felt like it. He gripped the railing and took the steps two at a time, being careful to avoid slipping on the wet moss that clung to certain areas.
At the top he looked around and almost laughed. I sometimes wonder, Kriskin, if I shouldn't really worship you. You have a knack for eking your way into my life.
The cemetery he was in was small and haphazard, much like the layout of Scarinjou. He walked carefully along the worn path, likely used more as a shortcut than to remember the ones buried. In the corner, deep out of sight from the road below, was what Alpine first thought was a columbarium. As he approached, Al realized it was too small to house urns. It was some sort of an open shrine, two crumbling walls a story high bracketing the corner of the graveyard. It had the disorderly look of a place untended, but used frequently by those who had no pride in aesthetics. Melted candle wax stained the stones red, black, and yellow from the melted wax. Feathers, and what was once attached to the feathers, littered the corners like windswept trash.
The front of the shrine was too messy and exposed. The back of the shrine, however, had some trees and shrubbery. Al walked over and around the wooden posts used to mark graves and slipped behind the walls. He plopped down to the ground, unconcerned about his clothes.
He began breathing slowly and evenly. His heart had been racing for hours and he was starting to feel bone weary from the chase. The Unease was gone and he felt the tingle he almost felt from using magic leave him. If he was caught, he could shift back quickly, but staying in either the Calm or the Unease for too long brought lasting side-effects.
He wasn't being overly cautious. After learning how to tap into magic, students at Amandorlam were taught the repercussions to long term usage immediately after their first foray with the power. It was a lesson Alpine took to heart, mainly the reason why he had refused to do Unease work. He knew what it would do to him.
The exhaustion hit first. He closed his eyes, unable to keep them open any longer, and rested his forehead against the side of the stone wall. His teeth chattered and he rubbed his arms trying to warm himself. Those symptoms he would get those even if he wasn't out in the cold. He watched for the next, a feverish madness that manifested as paranoia, an overly high humor, and loneliness.
Alpine pulled the inkwell out to look at the rings again. He visualized himself as a pig in mud wearing loads of jewelry and he began laughing. Two people that had been walking through the graveyard turned heel and ran, which made Alpine laugh all the harder. He had to slap his hand over his mouth to quell the mania as best he could.
He peeked outside to see if those people had returned and saw a man come up the stairs. He was wearing that same dark uniform with gold trim that the trackers wore.
Al held his breath and moved farther behind the part of the wall that wasn't crumbling. It was going to be very important for him to be very quiet. Except, the man looked like a puppet from a show involving inept policeman Al had seen several times as a child. He took deep, ragged breaths trying to calm himself and found tears stinging his eyes.
They looked around the graveyard briefly before leaving the way Al had used. They were gone. Or were they? Was it a trap? Would they be waiting for Al below if he tried to leave? What about the other way? Why did they leave together? Would he be caught if he stayed there?
Normally the paranoia was just a nuisance until it left him, but now it was self-preserving. He wasn't sure if it was too strong, though. Both the choice to stay or go racked him with doubts and fear that he'd be caught. They wouldn't have bothered with the conversation if they knew he was there. Unless they were pulling a charade and would catch him one he left down the stairway. They went down the front stairway, though, and both together. The back way was safe, unless they again were pulling a dramatic farce, pretending they didn't know he was there and had the back stairway covered as well. Then why not just ambush him? He was on a hill that was boxed in by thick woods and a steep angle. There was nowhere for him to go, other than down the stairs.
He couldn't shake the feeling that he was being watched or set-up for capture. It wouldn't hurt if he just gave the situation some time.
Al stayed. His mind continued to race with a constant feed of possibilities. Some were ridiculously absurd, like the fear that they had a pet mammoth they were going to get to sniff him out, that he began laughing all over again. This happened for another quarter hour until he felt the excitement wane. It was replaced by the hollow loneliness he had been expecting.
While it was the most devastating symptom of withdrawing, it was also the one Al was most prepared for. He was always lonely. Even when he was with a patient or in a crowd, he felt detached and observing. The only person who made him feel wanted was Marnie, and that wasn't a full relationship. It was one of need, one of duty and total trust. She had to love him because no one else did. And he sometimes felt he loved her only because of that.
It wasn't the best time to make decisions regarding his future, but he had the time and he needed to think things through. He'd go into work tomorrow, bring Ember the chalice, and pretend nothing ever happened. She'd keep her end of the bargain and let him work in peace.
Al brushed his hair out of his eyes and sighed. Even if he could set aside his conscience and pretend he didn't care that he'd been used, that it didn't feel right giving her the chalice, there was one problem that he'd just realized. One of the men chasing him knew he was a wizard. They all knew what he looked like, more or less. And Berlont knew Ember had an interest in his prized item. How long would it take for someone to draw connections between Milxner's and Jindahl and Stohr, then to Ember, and then finally to him?
But, he was registered as a Calm wizard only and had used the Unease. If he kept his head low, he might be able to feign ignorance, even if he matched the description of the wizard they had fought. So long as they used Ghenian law and not Uvarnic, it assured him that he couldn't be convicted unless they could positively identify his face. It was how trirecs got away with walking the streets with their masks on even though they were likely on their way to commit a crime.
Still, the legal system could draw him into a nasty and long fight. He'd lose clients, work, possibly his job, and his license over this. It was probably best if he avoided any kind of confrontation.
He could return the items, leave them inside Berlont's door with an apology. But then he'd need to do another favor for Ember and he was so tired of this game she was playing. That is, if she'd even consider another task. Maybe she was at the end of her patience. Maybe she wouldn't give him another chance. He didn't understand her motivations and so he couldn't even guess as to where they were.
The last thing he wanted was to leave, but it was the only option he had that left him satisfied. It was a thought he'd almost had so many times. It would float up, almost to the surface, before Al would push it back down. He hadn't let himself consider it for many reasons. He didn't have the money. He had clients that depended on him for their well-being. He was a responsible family man with a business he'd built from nothing. To walk away from seven years of work and marriage, it was a lot to ask a man who enjoyed his comforts and routines.
He sat there for a little while longer, then left the graveyard down the back way. He trekked the miles home, through neighborhoods he was discovering for the first time, heading roughly in the direction he thought was home. Al stopped every once in awhile to check if he was being followed, but it seemed he had slipped away. He had escaped, but he wasn't sure for how long.


Ukrtransnafta announced the tightening of control over the quality of Russian oil transported through Ukraine, the company said.
Gas transportation system of the Ukraine provides reliable gas transportation to Europe in conditions of a sharp increase in applications for transit from Russian Gazprom.
Naftogaz submitted a revised financial plan of the company for 2019 to the government for consideration. This was announced on Facebook by the head of Naftogaz of Ukraine Andrei Kobolev.
The international rating agency Fitch Ratings has confirmed the long-term Issuer Default Ratings (IDR) of Naftogaz of Ukraine at the level of B- with a stable outlook.
The Prime Minister of the Ukraine Volodymyr Groysman instructed NAK Naftogaz of Ukraine to sell gas to people less than 8.55 hryvnia per cubic meter from April 1.
Naftogaz and European operators to work together on the banding of the Ukrainian GTS.


text:
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Emergency Management Department
Injury Prevention Progam
Emergency Management/Manager
JHHS Clinic
Behavior Health
Social Serevices
Realty Office
Tribal Enterprises (JCDC)
Parenting Skills Class
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Red Rocks Reporter
The Emergency Management Programs seeks to promote a safer, and less vulnerable community with the capacity to cope with threats, hazards, and emergency or disaster events.
The mission of the Emergency Management Program is to provide a comprehensive and integrated system to help save lives, prevent injuries, protect property and preserve the Pueblo of Jemez's invaluable cultural and natural resources in the event of a major emergency or disaster.
The Pueblo of Jemez (POJ) Emergency Management Program is based on a cycle of continuous and inter-related activities to prevent from, prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate against the potential effects of major emergencies and disasters. The Emergency Management Program works to facilitate an environment of cooperation, coordination, and collaboration with all internal and external departments and agencies assigned emergency responsibilities. A successful emergency management program requires a whole community approach and effective teamwork.
Services Offered by Department
The Emergency Management Program coordinates with internal and external partners to ensure all available resources and personnel are identified and coordinated during an emergency or disaster event or situation, Develops and conducts threat, hazard, and vulnerability analysis, Develops emergency Planning documents and plans, Develops, conducts or facilitates emergency management training, Develops, conducts or facilitates emergency management exercises, and Develops and conducts preparedness campaigns for tribal members and employees.
Jerry J. Lazzari, NMCEM
P. O. Box 100, Jemez Pueblo, NM 87024-Mailing
4535 Highway 4, Jemez Pueblo, NM 87024- Physical
jerry.lazzari@jemezpueblo.us
The Pueblo of Jemez (POJ) Emergency Management Program is based on a cycle of continuous and inter-related activities to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate against the potential effects of major emergencies and disasters. The Department of Emergency Management works to facilitate an environment of cooperation, coordination, and collaboration with all internal and external departments and agencies assigned emergency responsibilities. A successful emergency management program requires a whole community approach and effective teamwork.
The mission of the Department of Emergency Management is to provide a comprehensive and integrated system to help save lives, prevent injuries, protect property and preserve the Pueblo of Jemez's invaluable cultural and natural resources in the event of a major emergency or disaster.
Emergency Management Resources:
Hazards and Vulnerabilities
Understanding the potential hazards and determining the Pueblo of Jemez's vulnerability to these hazards provides the basis of all emergency planning. The Pueblo of Jemez Department of Emergency Management in coordination with other Jemez Pueblo Departments and Partners conducts a Threat Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (THIRA) for the Pueblo of Jemez. Some of the hazards posing the greatest threat to the Pueblo of Jemez include flooding, wildfires and hazardous materials incidents.
The link/ website below has fact sheets, videos and other websites with information about the hazards common to our area.
https://www.ready.gov/be-informed
Disasters disrupt hundreds of thousands of lives every year with lasting effects on people, property and natural resources. If a disaster occurs, government agencies and disaster-relief organizations will try to help, but every individual is ultimately responsible for their own safety. Everyone has a responsibility to protect themselves and their families by knowing what to do before, during, and after a disaster. Being prepared will greatly help to reduce losses, as well as the anxiety that accompanies disasters.
Following these simple steps will help you to be prepared for an emergency or disaster:
Be Aware and Informed – Understand the hazards that may affect your community and know how you will get information about emergencies.
Have a Plan – Know how you and your family will respond before, during and after an emergency.
Build a Kit – Put together an emergency supplies kit allowing you and your family to be self-sufficient for up to three days.
The links below have information and checklists for building an emergency kit.
https://www.ready.gov/build-a-kit
https://www.ready.gov/make-a-plan/indian-country
Preparedness Cycle
Preparedness is a continuous cycle of planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and taking corrective action in an effort to ensure effective coordination during incident response." This cycle is one element of a broader National Preparedness System to prevent, respond to, and recover from natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and other disasters. The Pueblo of Jemez has adopted this model to meet program needs for us.
Planning is the cornerstone of emergency management. The Pueblo of Jemez Department of Emergency Management is coordinating with other departments and partners to develop several emergency plans including but not limited to the; All-hazards Emergency Operations Plan (AHEOP), Hazard Mitigation Plan, Departmental Specific Plan, Protective Action Plans such as Evacuation and Shelter-In-Place, Functional Needs Plan, Continuity of Government Plan, Strategic Plan, Support Function Plans, Special Incident Plans, and Recovery Plans.
Having well-trained personnel available to manage emergency events is critical to effective response and recovery operations. The Emergency Management Department sponsors classroom and Web-based training courses by partnering with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the New Mexico Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (DHSEM), and other agencies as opportunities become available. FEMA's Emergency Management Institute (EMI) offers Web-based courses for those with emergency management responsibilities, as well as the general public. These courses are free of charge and can be found at the following link: http://training.fema.gov/IS/crslist.aspx
The Pueblo of Jemez will require personnel from each department to take different levels of training to be prepared to respond to emergencies or disasters affecting our Pueblo.
Emergency Exercise
There are many types of emergency exercises including seminars, workshops, tabletops, games, drills, functional and full-scale exercises. Participating in exercises provides personnel with an opportunity to practice emergency capabilities in a low-risk environment. Exercises allow participants to gain an objective assessment of their knowledge, skills, and abilities allowing shortfalls to be addressed prior to a real emergency. The Pueblo of Jemez will participate in different levels of exercise and will be part of an overall Training and Exercise Plan (TEP).
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
NIMS guides all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations (NGO), and the private sector to work together to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from incidents. NIMS provides stakeholders across the whole community with the shared vocabulary, systems, and processes to successfully deliver the capabilities described in the National Preparedness System. NIMS defines operational systems, including the Incident Command System (ICS), Emergency Operations Center (EOC) structures, and Multiagency Coordination Groups (MAC Groups) that guide how personnel works together during incidents. NIMS applies to all incidents, from traffic accidents to major disasters.
The Pueblo of Jemez has adopted the NIMS to respond to any incidents and disasters affecting us along with the All-Hazards Emergency Operations Plan on the 22nd Day of December 2010.
Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
The Pueblo of Jemez Emergency Operations Center (EOC) shall serve as the central location for interagency coordination of emergency management activity unless otherwise announced. The Pueblo of Jemez Emergency Manager is responsible for alerting EOC staff of activation. Emergency Management is also responsible for alerting cooperating agencies, neighboring jurisdictions, and State and Federal agencies. The Pueblo Emergency Manager is responsible for initiating, organizing, and directing primary activities in connection with emergency management operations and shall be the EOC Manager during emergencies. The supporting agencies/departments designated to work in the EOC will coordinate the use of resources and interface with other agencies, in support of the primary agency.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Andrew and Dagmara's wedding was a dream come true. Not only for the couple, but also for us 🙂 Located on a private property, with a lovely couple, under the warmth of the country sun, surrounded by the most welcoming family and friends, grey suits for the groom and groomsmen, and a flower crown for the bride; it had everything that makes a cool wedding!
We started the day at Andrew's uncle's place at Mt Macedon. The boys and some of Andrew's relatives were chilling out at the backyard. With only a few hours to go we had to tell them to go shower 🙂 The groomsmen's suits really fit the style of the wedding. We of course didn't miss to include the shot of Andrew's niece and the dog as they were incredibly cute!
We then made our way to Dagmara's place, which is Andrew and Dagmara's own house and the location of the wedding. Having a wedding in your own backyard is indeed something special, but it made Dagmara a bit edgy and nervous as she was the one organising everything. It was certainly a touching moment when Dagmara met her nieces and nephews.
The ceremony was very touching yet still relaxing. There were moments where it made the guests laugh and cry a few times. They finished the ceremony to a roaring applause and the newly wedded couple walked around the property to get some location shots.
Wayandah was the name of their property, and Andrew and Dagmara told us that when they bought the property, they watched an ad about it that said something like, "They fell in-love, and they fell in-love again, with Wayandah". We think that it is totally true as we fell in-love with Wayandah, and every time we watch the video we fall in-love again 🙂 We walked around the venue and it created the perfect backdrop for Andrew and Dagmara. The sun was bright and the natural scenery represented a perfect Australian outdoor wedding. When the sun was starting to set, the light was being awesome as it was the glorious golden hour. We were able to capture perfect shots of the couple with amazing natural lights. Guy Evans was a really chilled and relaxed photographer too which helped us a lot.
Once we finished walking around the venue with the couple and bridal party, the guests were gathering around the lawn and we opened the celebration with some touching speeches. It was indeed refreshing to have the speeches outdoors in the garden especially just before sunset. We used some of the speeches in the highlight as we felt it evokes joyful emotions.
After sunset, the real party is began under the marquee. The couple entered the marquee to a roaring applause and Rutherford Entertainment made sure everyone was enjoying the whole experience. The saxophone player was also a big hit and everyone danced the night away to celebrate Andrew and Dagmara's love.
Congratulations to Andrew and Dagmara!


A. Root-stems, and those inflected like them.
I. a. Root-stems, having in them no demonstrable element added to a root: thus, ṛ́c verse, gír song, pád foot, díç, direction, máh (V.) great.
b. Such stems, however, are not always precisely identical in form with the root: thus, vā́c from √vac, sráj from √sṛj, mū́ṣ from √muṣ, vríç from √vraçc (?), úṣ from √vas shine; — from roots in final ṛ come stems in ir and ur: thus, gír, ā-çír, stír; júr, túr, dhúr, púr, múr, stúr, sphúr; and psúr from √psar.
c. With these may be ranked the stems with reduplicated root, as cikít, yavīyúdh, vánīvan, sasyád.
d. Words of this division in uncompounded use are tolerably frequent in the older language: thus, in RV. are found more than a hundred of them; in AV., about sixty; but in the classical Sanskrit the power of using any root at will in this way is lost, and the examples are comparatively few. In all periods, however, the adjective use as final of a compound is very common (see below, 401).
e. As to the infinitive use of various cases of the root-noun, see 971.
II. f. Stems made by the addition of t to a final short vowel of a root.
g. No proper root-stem ends in a short vowel, although there are (354) examples of transfer of such to short-vowel-declensions; but i or u or ṛ adds a t to make a declinable form: thus, -jít, -çrút, -kṛ́t. Roots in ṛ, however, as has just been seen (b), also make stems in ir or ur.
h. As regards the frequency and use of these words, the same is true as was stated above respecting root-stems. The Veda offers examples of nearly thirty such formations, a few of them (mít, rít, stút, hrút, vṛ́t, and dyút if this is taken from dyu) in independent use. Of roots in ṛ, t is added by kṛ, dhṛ, dhvṛ, bhṛ, vṛ, sṛ, spṛ, hṛ, and hvṛ. The roots gā (or gam) and han also make -gát and -hát by addition of the t to an abbreviated form in a (thus, adhvagát, dyugát, dvigat, navagát, andsaṁhát).
III. i. Monosyllabic (also a few apparently reduplicated) stems not certainly connectible with any verbal root in the language, but having the aspect of root-stems, as containing no traceable suffix: thus, tvác skin, páth road, hṛ́d heart, áp and vā́r water, dvā́r door, ā́s mouth, kakúbh and kakúd, summit.
j. Thirty or forty such words are found in the older language, and some of them continue in later use, while others have been transferred to other modes of declension or have become extinct.
1. derivatives (V.) from prepositions with the suffix vat: arvāvát, āvát, udvát, nivát, parāvát, pravát, saṁvát; — 2. derivatives (V.) in tāt (perhaps abbreviated fromtāti), in a few isolated forms: thus, uparátāt, devátāt, vṛkátāt, satyátāt, sarvátāt; — 3. other derivatives in t preceded by various vowels: thus, daçát,vehát, vahát, sravát, saçcát, vāghát; nápāt; taḍít, divít, yoṣít, rohít, sarít, harít; marút; yákṛt, çákṛt; and the numerals for 30, 40, 50, triṅçátetc. (475); — 4. stems in ad: thus, dṛṣád, dhṛṣád, bhasád, vanád, çarád, samád; — 5. stems in j preceded by various vowels: thus, tṛṣṇáj, dhṛṣáj, sanáj,bhiṣáj; uçíj, vaṇíj, bhuríj, niṇíj (?); ásṛj; — 6. a few stems ending in a sibilant apparently formative: thus, jñā́s, -dās, bhā́s, mā́s, bhī́ṣ; — 7. a remnant of unclassifiable cases, such as viṣṭáp, vípāç, kápṛth, çurúdh, iṣídh, pṛkṣúdh, raghát (?), sarágh, visrúh, uṣṇíh, kaváṣ.


text:
Ільваїт (; ; ) — силікат кальцію і заліза острівної будови.

Загальний опис

Хімічна формула: Ca(Fe2+)2Fe3+[OH|O|Si2O7].

Склад у %: CaO — 13,69; FeO — 35,20; Fe2O3 — 19,55; SiO2 — 29,36; H2O — 2,20. Домішки: MnO.

Гомеотипний з лавсонітом.

Сингонія ромбічна, ромбо-дипірамідальний вид.

Кристали призматичні з вертикальною штриховкою, також стовпчасті або суцільні агрегати.

Спайність ясна.

Густина 3,8-4,1.

Твердість — 6-6,5.

Колір чорний з буруватим або зеленуватим відтінком.

Риса бурувато-чорна або сіра.

Блиск напівметалічний жирний. Двозаломлення сильне.

Зустрічається у контаково-метасоматичних родовищах заліза переважно в зоні скарнів разом з ґранатами, геденбергітом, магнетитом, сульфідами заліза, міді та ін. Рідкісний.

Див. також
 Список мінералів

Примітки

Література

Посилання
 Ilvaite
 Ilvaite - Webmineral
 Mineral galleries
 Mindat w/ locations

Соросилікати

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Level Ex CEO On Making A Video Game For Doctors
Gabriel Perna
Sam Glassenberg was riding high from winning a technical Emmy award for his work at Microsoft in developing cutting edge video game graphics. That was until he got on the phone with his anesthesiologist father. For a better gaming experience, check out the following link https://www.headphonage.com/best-gaming-headset-under-100/.
"Without skipping a beat [my father] goes, 'Sam that's very nice, but in this family we only recognize Nobel prizes. You're not yet 30 years old, you can still go to medical school. I'll pay for it," Glassenberg tells Chief Executive.
Glassenberg comes from a long line of doctors—both of his parents and his grandfather were doctors and his wife is one as well. He was a self-described "black sheep of the family." That was until he designed a video game to help his father train his colleagues on doing a fiberoptic intubation procedure. "It's a tricky procedure that even an experienced anesthesiologist can mess up, so [my father] said, 'Make something that can run on their iPads. I don't want to drag anybody to a simulation or training center.'"
Instead of making it on a system which would have people to get a new graphics card to run the game, Glassenberg developed the game, uploaded it to the app store and essentially left it alone. Two years later, his dad asked him to find out how many people had uploaded the game. He found it was roughly 100,000 doctors, nurses and healthcare specialists worldwide. What had been a short project to overcome some familial guilt suddenly became a viable product addressing a need. That was the birth of Level Ex.
A few years later, Level Ex has more than 350,000 medical professionals in the U.S. alone playing its games. It has games designed for anesthesiologists, gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, pulmonologists, critical care specialists, cardiologists and numerous other specialties. Chief Executive spoke with Glassenberg about how the company has been able to grow, how they've gotten video game developers to design games for doctors and more. Below are excerpts from this conversation.
What has been Level Ex's secret to success? It's hard enough getting medical practitioners to adopt EHRs—so for them to adopt a video game is surprising.
I'd argue it's not surprising at all. There's a huge gap between state of the art in entertainment and state of the art in healthcare. You see this across the board. If you look at a character's eye in a "Call Of Duty" video game, where you have to look past 20 characters to get a view of this guy's eye. And that one eye in a video game looks way better than a $250,000 ophthalmology simulator. And once you graduate, the way you're learning is on live patients or you're watching a boring lecture or reading an article and doing a multiple choice tasks, right? That's how you earn your [continuing medical education] credit by renewing your license. With Level Ex, you can earn CME credit by playing really difficult cases, which are levels of video games on your phone.
We treat doctors like people. They want to know, 'How come I go home and play games on my phone or on an Xbox and they are amazing and then my training is like read an article and do a multiple-choice test?'
Doctors are burned out. You spend the majority of your life training and hundreds of thousands of dollars in medical school. A huge portion of your day is typing data into a computer that looks like it's from 1992. You're treating the same conditions over and over again. Once a year, you get to encounter that super rare, interesting, difficult case? And that reminds you why you went into medicine. But it's so rare and what we give you at any point, pick up your phone and be reminded why you went into medicine because you can really stretch your skills and play really hard cases and you can earn CME credits while you are doing it.
What are some of the challenges Level Ex has encountered?
The challenge we have is always around hiring the best talent. I've been surprised by that video game developers are finding this kind of work appealing to them. Video game developers are like doctors. For doctors, there's medicine and then there's everything else, right? For video game developers, you're either making video games or you're writing bank software. There's nothing in between. Video games are creative and fulfilling. We've been able to like really attract video game developers because they have the opportunity to use all their skills and you use the most advanced game design technology. We don't compromise on any of that. You are using all your skills as an artist. And you're able to do something that has broad reach, hundreds of thousands of medical professionals that are treating tens of millions of patients.
Talk about the culture you've built at Level Ex.
We're trying to capture the best of both cultures, from healthcare and video games. Gaming is an incredibly passionate, creative, collaborative mindset where your realize that no one person can make a game. Its artists working with engineers, working with designers, working with data people. Everybody's working closely to go and create something that's ultimately this creative storytelling medium. Everybody in the games industry is there because they want to be there. You can always make more money elsewhere. You're there because you're passionate, you're excited about doing something creative that's going to reach lots of people and entertain them. And healthcare, you're very mission driven. You want to improve the patient's quality of life and you want to potentially lives. So we tried to combine all of that.
What advice do you have to other CEOs?
I don't understand how folks can spend the majority of their waking hours doing something they don't find fulfilling and meaningful. My entire career has been spent trying to find ways to enable people that are more creative than me and more talented than me to unblock them. I started out at LucasArts and my job as an engineer was to make sure that the limitations of the hardware don't get in the way of their vision. Now I'm the CEO and that [mentality has] parlayed to the rest of my career. I'm not an engineer anymore, I'm a manager, but now it's how do we make sure that the business and the operations don't get in the way of incredibly talented people and their vision.
Read more: Sectigo CEO: "Make The Tough Decisions Early And Quickly."
Gabriel Perna is the digital editor at Chief Executive Group, overseeing content on chiefexecutive.net and boardmember.com. Previously, he was at Physicians Practice and Healthcare Informatics. You can reach him via email or on Twitter at @GabrielSPerna
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The first weekend in February is a festive one, with swing dancing at the Elks, the Northside Mardi Gras kickoff, late-night entertainment at Scratch plus special big-screen viewings of the classic comedy, "Groundhog Day" at the Carnegie Science Center.
The Jazz Conspiracy Big Band is back for another night of dancing and music. Dance lessons start at 7:15 p.m., the fun kicks off at 8 p.m. A $10 cover does apply, for more information visit the event's FB page.
Northside Mardi Gras kicks off tonight at The Priory's Grand Hall at 6 p.m. The cover is $20 with all proceeds benefiting WORK organization which aims to battle poverty and help build sustainability in Haiti. The Northside Mardi Gras is a two-week celebration, for more information visit the event's page.
Threadbare Cider and Mead will be hosting a special Mardi Gras kickoff along with the launch of their weekly Board Game Night. In part of the Mardi Gras celebration guests will be able to enjoy half off sazeracs, muffaletta pizza, king cakes along with live musical performances from AE Honick and Jordan McLaughlin. In addition, guests will also be able to partake in a number of tabletop games during Board Game Night, a new reoccurring Thursday night event at Threadbare. The event kicks off at 5 p.m., for more information visit Threadbare's event page.
Need some keytairs and neon in your life? The Drum Bar in Rivers Casino will be hosting a 'Totally 80s' night from 9 p.m. to midnight. For more information visit the event's FB page.
The Woods Run Library will be hosting a virtual reality gaming session from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. For more information visit the library's event page.
The Rangos Giant Cinema at Carnegie Science Center will be holding special weekend viewings of Bill Murray's classic, "Groundhog Day." Visit the theater's page for showtimes.
Scratch F&B in Troy Hill will be hosting karaoke with Somatic Media and DJ Travis from 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. They'll also be debuting their new late night menu (see below) in part of a new late-night entertainment and food series. For more information visit Scratch's FB page.
Craft beer and art come together for the third annual Imbibe Northside co-hosted by the Mattress Factory and War Streets Brewery. Guests will be able to enjoy the museum's exhibits along with drinks from 8 local breweries and distilleries including Allegheny City Brewing, Penn Brewery, Southern Tier Brewing Co., Spring Hill Brewing, Threadbare Cider and Mead and Wigle Whiskey. Live music will be provided by Shelf Life String Band. The event kicks off at 6 p.m., for more information or to purchase tickets visit the event's page.
The Park House will be hosting a PBR Art Night from 9 p.m. to midnight. Guests can enjoy Pabst Blue Ribbon, free doodles and vinyl records. For more information visit the event's FB page.
Threadbare Cider and Mead will be hosting their monthly Yoga + Cider event at 11 a.m. For more information visit Threadbare's event page.
Need to detox during Super Bowl Sunday? The Allegheny Library will be hosting their weekly Sahaja mediatation session from 3:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. For more information visit the library's event page.


text:
Uschi Digard, née le , est une actrice suédoise de films érotiques.

Biographie

Filmographie partielle
 1970 : Affair In The Air : Vespray
 1970 : Dirty Pool : la déesse Soleil
 1970 : Getting Into Heaven : Heaven
 1970 :  de Russ Meyer : Soul
 1975 : Supervixens de Russ Meyer : SuperSoul
 1975 : Tueur d'élite (The Killer Elite) de Sam Peckinpah : une fille à la soirée
 1976 : Fantasm de Richard Franklin : Super Girl
 1976 : Ilsa, gardienne du harem de  : Inga Lindström
 1977 : Hamburger film sandwich de John Landis : La fille sous la douche
 1979 : Ultra Vixens de Russ Meyer : SuperSoul

Liens externes

Naissance dans le comté de Stockholm
Naissance en août 1948
Actrice suédoise
Actrice de films érotiques


text:
En / De / Es / FrideeRitrattiVenezia
Venissa, another Venice of dreams
scritto da CLAUDIO MADRICARDO 13 Ottobre 2015
On an island in the lagoon, built around an ancient vineyard, there is a 'model' project that has managed the cohabitation of sustainable tourism and high class catering with the local population and inherent traditions. We are talking to Gianluca Bisol the promoter and driving force behind the project. (VERSIONE ITALIANA)
Venissa in Autumn photo ©Mattia Mionetto
"I begin to visit Torcello in the early nineties coming every now and again with friends. But it was only in 2001, thanks to the particular light prevailing at that moment, that my glance fell upon a particular garden that I hadn't noticed before and attracted my curiosity".
This is how Gianluca Bisol, a direct descendent of a family that has been making wine for 21 generations whose childhood was spent amongst the vineyards and winery of Santo Stefano di Valdobbiadene, begins his narration, almost as if it were a fresh start at fifty, emulating Camilleri with his youthful appearance. Just a trace of a carefree moustache and lively, twinking blue eyes, perfectly laid back in his elegant suit that he wears with such elegant candor as if it were almost a second skin.
The Prosecco DOCG Hills photo ©Mattia Mionetto
Gianluca Bisol – Photo ©Mattia Mionetto
Bisol – the time honoured winery
Gianluca Bisol e Desiderio Bisol – foto ©Mattia Mionetto
"I knocked at the door of Nicoletta Emmer's house who ushered me into a garden with four hundred vines of various types and pointed out three of particular importance from an authoctonous Venetian grape variety". This is how Gianluca came to know of Dorona, the table grape and preferred wine of the ancient Venetians, the very name of which evokes the soft colours and amber light of the grape harvest, amongst rows of ungrafted vines on postage stamp areas of land on islands immersed in the soft yet intense blue of the lagoon. Thus began the research, carried out together with his oenologist brother Desiderio and the terroir expert Roberto Cipresso who verified the authenticity of the grape variety and brought to light the existence of another eighty plants on the island of Saint Erasmus.
Venissa photo ©Mattia Mionetto
An attempt at vinification was made and the results were sound enough to justify their decision to multiply the plants which reached three thousand seven hundred specimens. In the meantime they researched the soil in which the vines would be grown and found the best plots, rich in silt and clay deposited by rivers through the centuries, to be located in the northern lagoon. This vast area of salt marshes and sand banks that still today conserves the typical characteristics of the salty lagoon environment, that the southern lagoon has irretrievably lost, transformed into a straight of open sea. A territory that Gianluca has christened Native Venice due to the historical importance of having played host to the oldest human settlements and for the creative energy that it conjures up necessary for the success of the project.
High water at Venissa photo ©Mattia Mionetto
A derelict area of land in the municipality of Mazzorbo, the ancient Maiurbium, was chosen where the XIII century church of Saint Catherine still stands on the site of a former convent and a mediaeval walled vineyard, rebuilt during the Eighteenth century, plays testimony to the ancient battles fought by the inhabitants against the hostile elements and high tides.
Matteo Bisol at Venissa – Photo ©Mattia Mionetto
The Venissa grape harvest – photo ©Mattia Mionetto
The Venissa grape harvest ©Mattia Mionetto
Venissa – vegetable gardens Photo ©Mattia Mionetto
Venissa – Vegetable gardens ©Mattia Mionetto
The Venissa grape harvest Photo ©Mattia Mionetto
Gianluca then decided to present the project to the mayor of Venice Cacciari, who was enthralled enough to initiate a works tender in 2007 that was won by Bisol. The two hectares of land were turned over in equal measure to vineyards and vegetable gardens where the Burano pensioners could cultivate their greens. The first Dorona grape harvest took place in 2010, at the reduced yield of 3,5 quintals per hectare in order to obtain a superior quality wine.
The president of the region and the new mayor picked the first bunches and Venissa was born. A dream that would base a project, that manages the cohabitation of sustainable tourism and high class catering with the local population and inherent traditions involving pensioners, children, lace workers, oarsmen, fishermen and the painters of whom Burano is especially proud, around a vineyard that has been cultivated since the XV century.
"The involvement of the local population was our main objective from the very beginning – smiles Gianluca. Recently we've managed to open the gate leading to the wooden bridge that links Mazzorbo to Burano so that the people can come and go more easily. The local people give us that 'little bit extra' as they represent the authenticity of the surrounding environment". The area has been threatened by depopulation because of the difficulties caused by living on a tiny island and we have to change that by creating work opportunities and reasons for staying.
The Bisol projects are not being limited to the management of the vineyard, hospitality resort, wine bar and restaurant that are being run by Gianluca's son Matteo and which already boast a cultured international clientele, mostly from Northern Europe with a solid forty percent represented by the Italian guests. Gianluca wishes to expand the project.
Venissa's Chef 2015 Photo ©Mattia Mionetto
Gianluca Bisol at Venissa – Photo ©Mattia Mionetto
Osteria Contemporanea – External area – Photo ©Mattia Mionetto _ Silvia Vettoretti
Rosso Venissa Photo ©Mattia Mionetto
"We are seeking out areas that have historically hosted convents with vegetable gardens and vineyards. Torcello had one hundred and twenty grape growers in the eighteenth century – he carries on – and was also home to a monastery of Borgognoni monks who made wine on their land. A German friend on Mazzorbo has four thousand metres of land where we would like to plant Malvasia and create vegetable gardens. In addition to the six rooms that we can place at the disposal of our guests we would, in the near future, also like to add some houses on Burano that we are trying to buy in order to create a horizontal hotel that will offer an alternative for the tourist who already knows Venice and would prefer to stay in a more peaceful part of Venice surrounded by green and linked to excellent food.
An authentic environment, just a stone's throw from the city, where one can take the ferry boats rubbing shoulder to shoulder with the local people and watch the lapping of the waves through the windows without any hurry". It is also for this reason that the Consortium of Native Venice was set up for the improvement of Burano, Mazzorbo and Torcello. The consortium already has over twenty members who are intent on promoting small businesses dealing in handicrafts, art and local tradition.
Venissa – photo ©Mattia Mionetto
"From the economic point of view – confesses Gianluca – I would have preferred not to create Venissa and it is only the passion that drove me onwards. The love of this land, its history and its people". It is this that drove him from the hills of Santo Stefano di Valdobbiadene and fired his interest in this remote part of the lagoon, with its salt marshes, sand banks, gravel beds and waters crisscrossed by fishermen. An interest manifested in the recovery of the grape variety almost lost to time that led him to rediscover his own deeper origins and be won over by the visual charm of the colours of a place that played testimony to the birth of Baldassarre Galuppi. Enraptured and enchanted just as his fellow citizen Andrea Zanzotto was by linguistic experimentation.
Snake eyes, empress eyes,
head of fire igniting ice,
we beseech you: rise up break forth,
we implore you, all entreat you;
show yourself my lady, come up, come forth,
pull all together, you and we
ah Venice ah Venissa ah Venùsia.
(Andrea Zanzotto's verse translated from Venetian dialect)
traduzione a cura di Philip Heath
Venissa, another Venice of dreams was last modified: Settembre 13th, 2016 by CLAUDIO MADRICARDO
Venissa, another Venice of dreams ultima modifica: 2015-10-13T15:44:17+02:00 da CLAUDIO MADRICARDO
Le rovine raccontano. Una mostra a palazzo Altemps
CLAUDIO MADRICARDO
Giornalista, amo il viaggio, la vela al terzo in laguna e Venezia ********************************************************************************************* Claudio Madricardo is a journalist who loves traveling, la vela al terzo in laguna, and Venice.


Last weekend I turned off my computer, shut down my BlackBerry and got out of the city for three whole days. That's right. Three. Whole. Days. That's three days without internet, email, text messages and a slew of other things on which most of us are dependent, on a regular basis. And it was pure bliss.
How often do we take time to reflect on wilderness? In my job I spend a lot of time talking and writing about it, but when it comes right down to it, the time actually spent in wild places is minimal. Which is unfortunate, because spending time in the wilderness is not only good for you, it's downright necessary, and it's the one time that really reminds us why it's important to ensure that these places don't disappear.
Things that usually matter lose their importance – who cares what time it is! – and you're given the chance to truly be in the moment, which might just be why Henry David Thoreau once said, "In wilderness is the preservation of the world." It's also the place where we find self preservation. That place that's completely disconnected from the distractions of everyday life that keep us from focusing on what's important.
There is simplicity in a routine that only requires you to focus on staying hydrated and fueled; a simplicity that is so easy to forget, but essential to our mental sanity.
So take National Wilderness Month as an inspiration to plan some time outdoors. An afternoon trail run, a weekend trip to the lake or a week road-trip exploring some National Parks; just use the time to remind yourself when you're choosing to live a more balanced and conscious lifestyle. Turn the BlackBerry and internet time and take some time to just think, completely uninterrupted. I promise that it will do some good.


BASIC ISOLATION TECHNIQUE: Test Doubles plus Dependency Injection.
The most fundamental pattern related to test isolation are Test Doubles: mocks, spies, stubs, and dummy objects. You can try to reduce the number of dependencies, but it's not possible for a non-trivial system to have no dependencies at all. Substituting them with Test Doubles is the only way to fully isolate a unit of code.
Test Doubles are inseparably linked with the Dependency Injection pattern. A dependency can't be substituted with a Test Double if its instantiation is hard-coded inside the tested unit 1. Instantiating dependencies outside of the unit and injecting them into it makes such a substitution possible.
BUT: There are things I can't fake!
Unfortunately, some code constructs are difficult to fake. A few examples: singletons, static methods, or concrete classes used for parameter types. Constructs like these don't play well with mocking frameworks. They require hard to setup and hard to maintain solutions like implementing fake objects by hand or subclassing the dependencies of a tested unit 2.
GOING FURTHER: Avoid code that's hard to fake.
Instead of using concrete classes for parameter types you can use interfaces.
Static methods can be extracted to a separate helper class, as instance methods.
Singletons can be replaced with dynamic classes plus an external mechanism to control the number of instances created.
Such a fake-friendly design not only makes your units easier to isolate, it also produces better, more maintainable code, so it's a win-win situation.
BUT: Setting up Test Doubles is so complex!
By replacing all hard-coded dependencies with Dependency Injection, and eliminating all non-fakeable code constructs, we've made it possible to fully isolate the tested unit of code. But possible doesn't equal simple.
I've seen tests instantiating 4-5 stubs, each 3 levels of nesting deep, to fully isolate the tested unit. Writing and maintaining such a setup code isn't fun, and its brittleness kills most of the benefits of unit isolation.
GOING FURTHER: Reduce dependencies in your code.
The basic unit isolation technique is to fake the unit's dependencies. But even better technique is to eliminate dependencies, so you don't have to fake them at all.
The most important thing to remember is that the test isolation isn't achieved only – or even primarily – in the tests; it's achieved mostly through a clean design of the code being tested.
BUT: My code is tightly coupled with my framework!
Achieving isolation through the design of the code being tested sounds nice in theory, but the code never exists in a vacuum – it is coupled to the architecture of the system. Implementation details of various architectural layers or frameworks tend to leak into your domain code. Your classes often inherit from ORM framework base classes, are entangled with the routing or presentation layer of an MVC framework, and so on. This makes them hard to isolate.
GOING FURTHER: Use overall system architecture that promotes isolation.
What's important, you can reap the benefits of such architectures even if your framework doesn't adhere to their principles. Architectures like the ones mentioned above help you isolate yourself from the framework, decouple it from your code, and push it to the edges of your system. This, in turn, gives you the room to write your code in a way that enables fully – and well – isolated tests.
A BONUS: The simplest test isolation heuristic.
There is a lot to do at each level – this article only scratched the surface. How do you know that you've done enough? Or even that you're going in the right direction? And on which level of progression you should focus at the moment?
The simplest heuristic that can help you decide is this: The test setup should be painless.
If the test setup is hard or complicated, pay attention to what makes it so: Is it a particular method? An overall class design? A coupling to a framework? Try to identify an offender and isolate it from the code being tested, using techniques like the ones I describe in this post. Rinse and repeat, until the test setup doesn't cause you any more trouble.
What techniques do you use to isolate unit tests? I'd love to hear what works best for you. Please drop me a comment and share your experience!


text:
Meteoritnedslaget i Ryssland 2013 inträffade på morgonen 15 februari 2013, när en meteoroid inträdde i jordens atmosfär över Ryssland ungefär vid 09:20 Jekaterinburgtid (03:20 UTC), och blev till ett eldklot.

Hastigheten in i atmosfären var cirka  eller 65 000 km/tim (ungefär  snabbare än ljudhastigheten). Meteoriten passerade över södra Uralregionen och exploderade över staden Tjeljabinsk. År 1949 hade meteorskuren Kunashak inträffat i samma område. Efter detta samlades 20 stenar in som tillsammans vägde 200 kg.

Den ryska vetenskapsakademin uppskattar att meteoriten hade en massa på ungefär  innan den inträdde i jordens atmosfär, och började brytas upp på en höjd av  Den amerikanska rymdorganisationen, NASA, uppskattar att den hade en diameter på cirka  som släppte loss en energi på cirka 500 kiloton TNT (30 gånger atombomben över Hiroshima)  Objektets luftexplosion inträffade på en höjd mellan  ovanför marken. Innan dess inträde i atmosfären hade meteoroiden inte upptäckts.

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Microbiology — Recommend this title to your library
Microbiology - Volume 154, Issue 5, 2008
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Volume 154, Issue 5, 2008
Rapid tip-directed movement of Golgi equivalents in growing Aspergillus nidulans hyphae suggests a mechanism for delivery of growth-related materials
Michelle A. Hubbard and Susan G. W. Kaminskyj
https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2007/014811-0
Golgi equivalents (GEs) process materials in the fungal secretory pathway. Despite the importance of localized secretion in fungal tip growth, GE behaviour in living hyphae has not been documented. The distribution was monitored of an Aspergillus nidulans putative GE-associated protein, CopA, tagged with GFP (CopA–GFP). This co-localized with a Golgi body/GE marker established in other systems, α-2,6-sialyltransferase, tagged with red fluorescent protein (ST–RFP). CopA–GFP and ST–RFP distributions responded similarly to brefeldin A, which impairs Golgi/GE trafficking. We used a CopA–GFP, hypA1 strain to study GE distribution and behaviour in growing A. nidulans hyphae. This strain has a wild-type phenotype at 28 °C, can be manipulated by changing growth temperature or by use of cytoskeleton inhibitors, and its GE behaviour is consistent with that in a wild-type-morphology strain. A. nidulans GEs were more abundant at hyphal tips than subapically, and showed saltatory motility in all directions. Anterograde GE movements predominated. These were positively correlated with, but at least 10-fold faster than, hyphal growth rate, under all growth and experimental conditions investigated. The actin inhibitor latrunculin B reduced both anterograde GE movement and hyphal growth rate, whereas the microtubule (MT) depolymerizer benomyl increased anterograde GE movement and decreased hyphal growth rate. The MT stabilizer taxol increased A. nidulans GE movement but not hyphal growth rate. A. nidulans GE motility appears to have a complex dependence on both actin and MTs. We present a model for apical delivery of growth materials in which A. nidulans GEs play a role in long-distance transport.
A global modulatory role for the Yersinia enterocolitica H-NS protein
Rosa C. Baños, José I. Pons, Cristina Madrid and Antonio Juárez
The H-NS protein plays a significant role in the modulation of gene expression in Gram-negative bacteria. Whereas isolation and characterization of hns mutants in Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella represented critical steps to gain insight into the modulatory role of H-NS, it has hitherto not been possible to isolate hns mutants in Yersinia. The hns mutation is considered to be deleterious in this genus. To study the modulatory role of H-NS in Yersinia we circumvented hns lethality by expressing in Y. enterocolitica a truncated H-NS protein known to exhibit anti-H-NS activity in E. coli (H-NSTEPEC). Y. enterocolitica cells expressing H-NSTEPEC showed an altered growth rate and several differences in the protein expression pattern, including the ProV protein, which is modulated by H-NS in other enteric bacteria. To further confirm that H-NSTEPEC expression in Yersinia can be used to demonstrate H-NS-dependent regulation in this genus, we used this approach to show that H-NS modulates expression of the YmoA protein.
Acidic stress induces autolysis by a CSP-independent ComE pathway in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Germán E. Piñas, Paulo R. Cortes, Andrea G. Albarracín Orio and José Echenique
In Streptococcus pneumoniae, autolysis is considered a programmed cell-death process executed principally by the major autolysin (LytA), and the underlying mechanism causing its activation is not completely understood. It is known that autolysis is triggered by competence development at alkaline pH and regulated by a two-component system, ComDE, which senses a competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) and behaves as a quorum-sensing mechanism. In this work, we found that acidic stress triggered a LytA-mediated autolysis and, curiously, this phenomenon was regulated by a CSP-independent ComE pathway. A further analysis of a hyperactive ComD mutant revealed that ComE needs to be phosphorylated to activate acidic stress-induced lysis (ASIL). The comE transcripts were induced by acidic culture conditions, suggesting that ComE could be sensing acidic stress. We also investigated CiaRH, a two-component system whose null mutants show a comE derepression and a CSP-dependent autolysis induction at alkaline pH. By analysis of cia comE double mutants, we demonstrated that CiaRH protected cells from ASIL by a ComE-independent pathway. Here, we propose that ComE is the principal route of the signalling pathway that determines a global stress response, and clearly regulates the induction of the LytA-mediated programmed cell death in S. pneumoniae. Acidic stress may represent for S. pneumoniae an alternative condition, in addition to competence and antibiotics, to assure the release of virulence factors, DNA and cell-wall compounds by autolysis, favouring genetic exchange and contributing to its pathogenesis.
The importance of chitobiase and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) uptake in N,N′-diacetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] utilization by Serratia marcescens 2170
Tadayuki Toratani, Toshihiro Shoji, Tomonori Ikehara, Kazushi Suzuki and Takeshi Watanabe
N,N′-diacetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] is the main degradation product from chitin by the action of chitinases of Serratia marcescens 2170. Uptake of (GlcNAc)2 via a (GlcNAc)2-specific enzyme II permease by this bacterium has been demonstrated previously. Here, we report the contribution of chitobiase and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) uptake to the utilization of (GlcNAc)2. When S. marcescens 2170 was cultivated in a medium containing chitin, chitobiase activity was detected both inside and outside the cells; intracellular chitobiase was more abundant and suggested to be mainly located in the periplasm. Production of chitobiase was induced by GlcNAc and more effectively by (GlcNAc)2. For induction of chitobiase, uptake of (GlcNAc)2 was essential but ChiR, an essential regulator of chitinase induction, was not required. S. marcescens 2170 grew well on both GlcNAc and (GlcNAc)2 but mutants defective in either chitobiase or NagE, the GlcNAc-specific enzyme II permease, showed reduced growth on (GlcNAc)2. These results suggest that, in addition to uptake as (GlcNAc)2, a proportion of the (GlcNAc)2 is converted to GlcNAc by chitobiase, mainly in the periplasm, and incorporated into the cytoplasm by NagE. The mutant defective in chitobiase grew more slowly on (GlcNAc)2 than on GlcNAc, indicating that (GlcNAc)2 is less efficiently fermented by S. marcescens 2170 in the absence of chitobiase. Therefore, uptake as both (GlcNAc)2 and GlcNAc is important for efficient utilization of (GlcNAc)2 in S. marcescens.
The role of a purine-specific nucleoside hydrolase in spore germination of Bacillus thuringiensis
Liang Liang, Xihong He, Gang Liu and Huarong Tan
A homologous gene (iunH) of a putative nucleoside hydrolase (NH), which had been identified from the exosporia of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis spores, was cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. Disruption of iunH did not affect the vegetative growth and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis, but promoted both inosine- and adenosine-induced spore germination. The inosine- or adenosine-induced germination rate decreased when the wild-type iunH gene was overexpressed in Bacillus thuringiensis. The iunH gene product was characterized as a purine-specific NH. The kinetic parameters of IunH with inosine as substrate were K m=399±115 μM, k cat=48.9±8.5 s−1 and k cat/K m=1.23×105 M−1 s−1. The optimal pH and temperature for IunH were found to be pH 6 and 80 °C. Meanwhile, the specific activity of inosine hydrolase in intact spores of the wild-type strain with inosine as substrate was 2.89±0.23×10−2 μmol min−1 (mg dry wt)−1. These results indicate that IunH is important in moderating inosine- or adenosine-induced germination of Bacillus thuringiensis spores.
The S.ma.I2 class C group II intron inserts at integron attC sites
Cecilia Quiroga, Paul H. Roy and Daniela Centrón
We previously found the class C S.ma.I2 group II (GII) intron in Serratia marcescens SCH909 inserted into the variable region of a class 1 integron within the attC site of the ant(2′′)-Ia gene cassette. Here, we demonstrate that this ant(2′′)-Ia : : S.ma.I2 gene cassette is a recombinationally active element despite the presence of the S.ma.I2 intron. In addition, S.ma.I2 is an active GII intron capable of performing self-splicing and invading specific target sites. Intron homing to a DNA target site is RecA-independent and recognizes the intron binding site (IBS)1 and IBS3 regions, formed by the 5′ TTGTT 3′ consensus sequence located within the inverse core site of attC integrons. Our results also indicate that the process for S.ma.I2 intron mobilization involves a secondary structure provided by the folding of the complete attC site. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the class C GII introns showed a clear divergent clade formed by introns that insert within specific sites usually associated with lateral gene transfer.
Biosynthetic and regulatory elements involved in the production of the siderophore vanchrobactin in Vibrio anguillarum
Miguel Balado, Carlos R. Osorio and Manuel L. Lemos
Some Vibrio anguillarum strains produce a catechol-type siderophore named vanchrobactin, whose biosynthetic pathway has not been completely elucidated. In addition to the previously described genes vabA, vabC, vabB, vabE, vabF, vabS and vabH, in the present study we have identified the genes encoding a DAHP (3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate) synthetase (vabG), a phosphopantheteinyl transferase (vabD), a LysR-family transcriptional regulator (vabR) and a putative siderophore receptor (fvtA). A deletion affecting vabG or vabD greatly reduced growth under iron-limiting conditions, whereas deletion of vabR did not have significant effects. Vanchrobactin production was abolished in the vabD mutant, whereas the vabG mutant retained a residual vanchrobactin production ability. Reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR indicated that this 11-gene cluster is organized into six iron-regulated transcriptional units. Transcriptional lacZ fusions demonstrated that the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein is the main iron-responsive regulator of these genes. Interestingly, the vabG gene was strongly iron-repressed, but Fur was not essential for this repression. In addition, the maximal expression from the vabG promoter was achieved only in the presence of an intact copy of vabR. Analysis of the β-galactosidase activities of a fvtA : : lacZ fusion in a vabB mutant and in the presence of added vanchrobactin suggested that a ferric-vanchrobactin-dependent activator plays a positive regulatory role in transcription of the fvtA–vabD operon. This possibility is reinforced by the presence of a predicted AraC box upstream of fvtA. We propose that vanchrobactin biosynthesis is subjected to a complex regulatory circuitry aimed at adjusting vanchrobactin production for the maintenance of iron homeostasis in V. anguillarum.
Sulphur and nitrogen regulation of the protease-encoding ACP1 gene in the fungus Botrytis cinerea: correlation with a phospholipase D activity
Stéphane G. Rolland and Christophe A. Bruel
Sulphur and nitrogen catabolic repressions are regulations that have long been recognized in fungi, but whose molecular bases remain largely elusive. This paper shows that catabolic repression of a protease-encoding gene correlates with the modulation of a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-specific phospholipase D (PLD) activity in the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Our results first demonstrate that the ACP1 gene is subject to sulphur catabolic repression, with sulphate and cysteine inhibiting its expression. Sulphate and cysteine also cause a decrease of the total cellular PLD activity and, reciprocally, the two PLD inhibitors AEBSF [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulphonyl fluoride] and curcumin negatively affect ACP1 expression in vivo. Cysteine moreover inhibits the PE-specific PLD activity in cell extracts. ACP1 is regulated by nitrogen, but here we show that this regulation does not rely on the proximal AREA binding site in its promoter, and that glutamine does not play a particular role in the process. A decrease in the total cellular PLD activity is also observed when the cells are fed ammonia, but this effect is smaller than that produced by sulphur. RNA-interference experiments finally suggest that the enzyme responsible for the PE-specific PLD activity is encoded by a gene that does not belong to the known HKD gene family of PLDs.
Biodiversity And Evolution
Long-distance dispersal and recombination in environmental populations of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii from India
Sanjay S. Hiremath, Anuradha Chowdhary, Tusharantak Kowshik, Harbans S. Randhawa, Sheng Sun and Jianping Xu
The basidiomycete yeast Cryptococcus neoformans is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts throughout the world. The sporadic nature of the infection and the limited empirical evidence for direct human-to-human transmission have led to the belief that infections in humans are predominantly caused by the inhalation of basidiospores from environmental sources. Therefore, analysing the structure of environmental populations of C. neoformans can significantly increase our understanding of its ecology, evolution and epidemiology. Decaying wood is a rich source of organic and inorganic compounds and is known to be a suitable ecological niche for many micro-organisms, including C. neoformans. However, relatively little is known about the population structure of C. neoformans sampled from decaying wood. In this study, we analysed samples of C. neoformans var. grubii colonizing decaying wood in tree hollows of nine tree species in five geographical locations (Delhi, Bulandshahar, Hathras, Amritsar and Amrouli) in north-western India. Multilocus sequence typing was conducted using five gene fragments for each of 78 isolates. All isolates belonged to mating type α. Population-genetic analyses identified no evidence for significant differentiation among populations belonging to either different geographical areas or different host tree species. Interestingly, despite the lack of mating type a strains in our survey, we found unambiguous evidence for recombination in our population analyses. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of long-distance dispersal and recombination in environmental populations of this species in India.
Variation in the Neisseria lactamica porin, and its relationship to meningococcal PorB
Julia S. Bennett, Martin J. Callaghan, Jeremy P. Derrick and Martin C. J. Maiden
One potential vaccine strategy in the fight against meningococcal disease involves the exploitation of outer-membrane components of Neisseria lactamica, a commensal bacterium closely related to the meningococcus, Neisseria meningitidis. Although N. lactamica shares many surface structures with the meningococcus, little is known about the antigenic diversity of this commensal bacterium or the antigenic relationships between N. lactamica and N. meningitidis. Here, the N. lactamica porin protein (Por) was examined and compared to the related PorB antigens of N. meningitidis, to investigate potential involvement in anti-meningococcal immunity. Relationships among porin sequences were determined using distance-based methods and FST , and maximum-likelihood analyses were used to compare the selection pressures acting on the encoded proteins. These analyses demonstrated that the N. lactamica porin was less diverse than meningococcal PorB and although it was subject to positive selection, this was not as strong as the positive selection pressures acting on the meningococcal porin. In addition, the N. lactamica porin gene sequences and the protein sequences of the loop regions predicted to be exposed to the human immune system were dissimilar to the corresponding sequences in the meningococcus. This suggests that N. lactamica Por, contrary to previous suggestions, may have limited involvement in the development of natural immunity to meningococcal disease and might not be effective as a meningococcal vaccine component.
The microbiome of the cloacal openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii
Kim-Ly Chhour, Lyn A. Hinds, Elizabeth M. Deane and Nicholas A. Jacques
The bacterial diversity of the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the adult female tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, was determined in order to ascertain whether the physical proximity of the openings of these tracts within the cloaca affected the two populations of bacteria. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of 42 wallabies identified 81 different terminal fragments, indicative of diverse and complex microbiomes at these anatomical locations. Subsequent amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) identified 72 phylotypes from the urogenital tract and 50 from the anal tract. Twenty-two of these phylotypes were common to both tracts. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced 16S rDNA showed that 83 % of the phylotypes were unidentified species based on the premise that any sequence possessing <97 % homology to a known bacterial species or phylotype was novel. Thus, despite the close proximity of the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts within the cloaca, the two sites retained a diverse range of distinct bacteria, with only a small percentage of overlapping species.
Environmental Microbiology
Biofilm formation by saprophytic and pathogenic leptospires
Paula Ristow, Pascale Bourhy, Sophie Kerneis, Christine Schmitt, Marie-Christine Prevost, Walter Lilenbaum and Mathieu Picardeau
Leptospires exist as saprophytic organisms that are aquatic or as pathogens that are able to survive in water. Leptospirosis is transmitted to humans through environmental surface waters contaminated by the urine of mammals, usually rodents, which are chronically infected by pathogenic strains. The ecology of Leptospira spp. prompted us to evaluate if these spirochaetes were able to form biofilms. This study investigated the characteristics of biofilm development by both saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira species using microscopic examinations and a polystyrene plate model. Biofilms were formed preferentially on glass and polystyrene surfaces. Electron microscopic images showed cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. The formation of such a biofilm is consistent with the life of saprophytic strains in water and may help pathogenic strains to survive in environmental habitats and to colonize the host.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium typing by prophage-specific PCR
Ivan Rychlík, Helena Hradecka and Marcela Malcova
Recent data from microarray analysis have shown that integrated prophages are the most frequent sources of genomic variation between different strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). This led us to hypothesize that PCR detection of the integrated prophages might be an efficient typing tool that could be used as an alternative to PFGE. In this study, we optimized four triplex PCRs specific for 12 target sequences of mostly prophage origin, and tested them in 102 field strains. The same set of strains was also characterized by PFGE. Among the strains, 22 different multiplex PCR, and 25 different PFGE profiles, were identified. Despite the fact that the PFGE was slightly more discriminatory, multiplex PCR typing, owing to its simplicity and potential of simple data sharing between laboratories, represents an interesting user-friendly alternative to PFGE typing of S. Typhimurium.
Genes for two multicopper proteins required for Fe(III) oxide reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens have different expression patterns both in the subsurface and on energy-harvesting electrodes
Dawn E. Holmes, Tünde Mester, Regina A. O'Neil, Lorrie A. Perpetua, M. Juliana Larrahondo, Richard Glaven, Manju L. Sharma, Joy E. Ward, Kelly P. Nevin and Derek R. Lovley
Previous studies have shown that Geobacter sulfurreducens requires the outer-membrane, multicopper protein OmpB for Fe(III) oxide reduction. A homologue of OmpB, designated OmpC, which is 36 % similar to OmpB, has been discovered in the G. sulfurreducens genome. Deletion of ompC inhibited reduction of insoluble, but not soluble Fe(III). Analysis of multiple Geobacter and Pelobacter genomes, as well as in situ Geobacter, indicated that genes encoding multicopper proteins are conserved in Geobacter species but are not found in Pelobacter species. Levels of ompB transcripts were similar in G. sulfurreducens at different growth rates in chemostats and during growth on a microbial fuel cell anode. In contrast, ompC transcript levels increased at higher growth rates in chemostats and with increasing current production in fuel cells. Constant levels of Geobacter ompB transcripts were detected in groundwater during a field experiment in which acetate was added to the subsurface to promote in situ uranium bioremediation. In contrast, ompC transcript levels increased during the rapid phase of growth of Geobacter species following addition of acetate to the groundwater and then rapidly declined. These results demonstrate that more than one multicopper protein is required for optimal Fe(III) oxide reduction in G. sulfurreducens and suggest that, in environmental studies, quantifying OmpB/OmpC-related genes could help alleviate the problem that Pelobacter genes may be inadvertently quantified via quantitative analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Furthermore, comparison of differential expression of ompB and ompC may provide insight into the in situ metabolic state of Geobacter species in environments of interest.
Proteomic analysis of Haloferax volcanii reveals salinity-mediated regulation of the stress response protein PspA
Kelly A. Bidle, P. Aaron Kirkland, Jennifer L. Nannen and Julie A. Maupin-Furlow
A proteomic survey of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii was performed by comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in order to determine the molecular effects of salt stress on the organism. Cells were grown under optimal (2.1 M) and high (3.5 M) NaCl conditions. From this analysis, over 44 protein spots responsive to these conditions were detected. These spots were excised, digested in-gel with trypsin, subjected to QSTAR tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis, and identified by comparing the MS/MS-derived peptide sequence to that deduced from the H. volcanii genome. Approximately 40 % of the proteins detected (18 in total) displayed differential abundance based on the detection of at least two peptide fragments per protein and overall MOWSE scores of ≥75 per protein. All of these identified proteins were either uniquely present or 2.3- to 26-fold higher in abundance under one condition compared to the other. The majority of proteins identified in this study were preferentially displayed under optimal salinity and primarily involved in translation, transport and metabolism. However, one protein of interest whose transcript levels were confirmed in these studies to be upregulated under high salt conditions was identified as a homologue of the phage shock protein PspA. The pspA gene belongs to the psp stress-responsive regulon commonly found among Gram-negative bacteria where its transcription is stimulated by a wide variety of stressors, including heat shock, osmotic shock and prolonged stationary-phase incubation. Homologues of PspA are also found among the genomes of cyanobacteria, higher plants and other Archaea, suggesting that this protein may retain some aspects of functional conservation across the three domains of life. Given its integral role in sensing a variety of membrane stressors in bacteria, these results suggest that PspA may play an important role in hypersaline adaptation in H. volcanii.
Sulfidogenesis under extremely haloalkaline conditions by Desulfonatronospira thiodismutans gen. nov., sp. nov., and Desulfonatronospira delicata sp. nov. – a novel lineage of Deltaproteobacteria from hypersaline soda lakes
Dimitry Yu. Sorokin, Tatjana P. Tourova, Anne M. Henstra, Alfons J. M. Stams, Erwin A. Galinski and Gerard Muyzer
High rates of sulfidogenesis were observed in sediments from hypersaline soda lakes. Anaerobic enrichment cultures at 2 M Na+ and pH 10 inoculated with sediment samples from these lakes produced sulfide most actively with sulfite and thiosulfate as electron acceptors, and resulted in the isolation of three pure cultures of extremely natronophilic sulfidogenic bacteria. Strain ASO3-1 was isolated using sulfite as a sole substrate, strain AHT 8 with thiosulfate and formate, and strain AHT 6 with thiosulfate and acetate. All strains grew in a mineral soda-based medium by dismutation of either sulfite or thiosulfate, as well as with sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfate as acceptors, and H2 and simple organic compounds as electron donors. The acetyl-CoA pathway was identified as the pathway for inorganic carbon assimilation by strain ASO3-1. All strains were obligately alkaliphilic, with an optimum at pH 9.5–10, and grew in soda brines containing 1–4 M total Na+ (optimum at 1.0–2.0 M). The cells accumulated high amounts of the organic osmolyte glycine betaine. They formed a new lineage within the family Desulfohalobiaceae (Deltaproteobacteria), for which the name Desulfonatronospira gen. nov. is proposed. Strains ASO3-1T and AHT 8 from Kulunda Steppe formed Desulfonatronospira thiodismutans sp. nov., and strain AHT 6T from Wadi al Natrun is suggested as Desulfonatronospira delicata sp. nov.
Genes And Genomes
Bioinformatic insights into the biosynthesis of the Group B carbohydrate in Streptococcus agalactiae
Iain C. Sutcliffe, Gary W. Black and Dean J. Harrington
Streptococcus agalactiae is a major human and animal pathogen, most notable as a cause of life-threatening disease in neonates. S. agalactiae is also called the Group B Streptococcus in reference to the diagnostically significant Lancefield Group B typing antigen. Although the structure of this complex carbohydrate antigen has been solved, little is known of its biosynthesis beyond the identification of a relevant locus in sequenced S. agalactiae genomes. Analysis of the sugar linkages present in the Group B carbohydrate (GBC) structure has allowed us to deduce the minimum enzymology required to complete its biosynthesis. Most of the enzymes required to complete this biosynthesis can be identified within the putative biosynthetic locus. Surprisingly, however, three crucial N-acetylglucosamine transferases and enzymes required for activated precursor synthesis are not apparently located in this locus. A model for GBC biosynthesis wherein the complete polymer is assembled at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane before translocation to the cell surface is proposed. These analyses also suggest that GBC is the major teichoic acid-like polymer in the cell wall of S. agalactiae, whereas lipoteichoic acid is the dominant poly(glycerophosphate) antigen. Genomic analysis has allowed us to predict the pathway leading to the biosynthesis of GBC of S. agalactiae.
The lytic cassette of mycobacteriophage Ms6 encodes an enzyme with lipolytic activity
Filipa Gil, Maria João Catalão, José Moniz-Pereira, Paula Leandro, Michael McNeil and Madalena Pimentel
dsDNA bacteriophages use the dual system endolysin–holin to achieve lysis of their bacterial host. In addition to these two essential genes, some bacteriophages encode additional proteins within their lysis module. In this report, we describe the activity of a protein encoded by gene lysB from the mycobacteriophage Ms6. lysB is localized within the lysis cassette, between the endolysin gene (lysA) and the holin gene (hol). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of LysB revealed the presence of a conserved motif (Gly-Tyr-Ser-Gln-Gly) characteristic of enzymes with lipolytic activity. A blast search within the sequences of protein databases revealed significant similarities to other putative proteins that are encoded by mycobacteriophages only, indicating that LysB and those proteins may be specific to their mycobacterial hosts. A screening for His6-LysB activity on esterase and lipase substrates confirmed the lipolytic activity. Examination of the kinetic parameters of recombinant His6-LysB for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters indicated that although this protein could use a wide range of chain length substrates (C4–C18), it presents a higher affinity for p-nitrophenyl esters of longer chain length (C16 and C18). Using p-nitrophenyl butyrate as a substrate, the enzyme showed optimal activity at 23 °C and pH 7.5–8.0. Activity was increased in the presence of Ca2+ and Mn2+. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a protein with lipolytic activity encoded within a bacteriophage.
Instability of the Salmonella RcsCDB signalling system in the absence of the attenuator IgaA
Javier F. Mariscotti and Francisco García-del Portillo
IgaA is a Salmonella enterica membrane protein that attenuates the response of the RcsCDB signalling system to envelope stress. This protein is essential unless the RcsCDB system is inactivated, suggesting that IgaA may constantly adjust the magnitude of the response. Such a functional link is also supported by the concurrence of the igaA and rcsD-rcsB-rcsC loci in genomes of enteric bacteria and the selection of spontaneous mutations in the RcsCDB system following IgaA deprivation. However, the exact nature of the spontaneous mutations rendering IgaA dispensable remains undefined. In this work, we examined how the transduction of an igaA null allele affects the status of the RcsCDB system. Loss of RcsCDB response was registered in ∼90 % of the IgaA-defective clones, which failed to produce the capsule material positively regulated by this system. About half of these non-mucoid clones suppressed the loss of IgaA with large deletions encompassing variable regions of the rcsD-rcsB-rcsC locus. Unexpectedly, mucoid transductants were also reproducibly obtained and indicated the capacity of S. enterica to retain a functional RcsCDB system in the absence of IgaA. Decreased levels of either RcsC or RcsD were shown in 'mucoid' clones lacking IgaA and displaying low responsiveness to stimuli. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the stability and responsiveness of the RcsCDB system relies on its attenuator IgaA. The type of suppressions found also support a model with IgaA controlling the level of signal flowing through RcsC and RcsD.
A chromosome map of the Flavescence dorée phytoplasma
Sylvie Malembic-Maher, Fiona Constable, Agnès Cimerman, Guillaume Arnaud, Patricia Carle, Xavier Foissac and Elisabeth Boudon-Padieu
The Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FD-P), a non-cultivable, plant-pathogenic bacterium of the class Mollicutes, is the causal agent of a quarantine disease affecting vineyards of southern Europe, mainly in southern France and northern Italy. To investigate FD-P diversity and phytoplasma genetic determinants governing the FD-P life cycle, a genome project has been initiated. A physical map of the chromosome of FD-P strain FD92, purified from infected broad beans, was constructed by performing restriction digests of the chromosome and resolving the fragments by PFGE. Single and double digestions of the chromosome with the enzymes SalI, BssHII, MluI and EagI were performed and used to map 13 restriction sites on the FD-P chromosome. The size of the chromosome was calculated to be 671 kbp. Southern blot analyses using cloned phytoplasma probes were carried out to assist in the arrangement of contiguous restriction fragments and to map eight genetic loci, including the two rRNA operons, the tuf, uvrB-degV and secY-map (FD9) genes, the FD2 marker and two orphan sequences (FDDH29 and FDSH05) isolated through subtractive suppression hybridization.
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Volumes and issues
Volume 168 (2022)
content/journal/micro
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R Factor Transfer in Rhizobium leguminosarum
J. E. Beringer
Generic Assignments, Strain Histories and Properties of Pure Cultures of Cyanobacteria
Rosmarie Rippka, Josette Deruelles, John B. Waterbury, Michael Herdman and Roger Y. Stanier
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin
Alexander Bolotin, Benoit Quinquis, Alexei Sorokin and S. Dusko Ehrlich
Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
CRISPR elements in Yersinia pestis acquire new repeats by preferential uptake of bacteriophage DNA, and provide additional tools for evolutionary studies
C. Pourcel, G. Salvignol and G. Vergnaud
Short motif sequences determine the targets of the prokaryotic CRISPR defence system
F. J. M. Mojica, C. Díez-Villaseñor, J. García-Martínez and C. Almendros
Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor
Astrid A. van de Graaf, Peter de Bruijn, Lesley A. Robertson, Mike S. M. Jetten and J. Gijs Kuenen
Quantification of biofilm structures by the novel computer program comstat
Arne Heydorn, Alex Toftgaard Nielsen, Morten Hentzer, Claus Sternberg, Michael Givskov, Bjarne Kjær Ersbøll and Søren Molin
Quorum sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum: exploitation of violacein production and inhibition for the detection of N-acylhomoserine lactones
Kay H. McClean, Michael K. Winson, Leigh Fish, Adrian Taylor, Siri Ram Chhabra, Miguel Camara, Mavis Daykin, John H. Lamb, Simon Swift, Barrie W. Bycroft, Gordon S. A. B. Stewart and Paul Williams
Biofilm exopolysaccharides: a strong and sticky framework
Ian W. Sutherland
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Blindsided by a new generation of blazing-fast racers, the legendary Lightning McQueen (voice of Owen Wilson) is suddenly pushed out of the sport he loves. To get back in the game, he will need the help of an eager young race technician with her own plan to win, inspiration from the late Fabulous Hudson Hornet, and a few unexpected turns. Proving that #95 isn't through yet will test the heart of a champion on Piston Cup Racing's biggest stage Directed by Brian Fee (storyboard artist Cars 2, WALL-E) and produced by Kevin Reher (A Bug's Life, La Luna short), Cars 3 cruises into theaters on June 16, 2017. Children ages 4 to 6 will love this Step 2 Step into Reading leveled reader based on Disney/Pixar Cars 3. Step 2 Readers use basic vocabulary and short sentences to tell simple stories. For children who recognize familiar words and can sound out new words with help.


text:
Le Menuet pour clavier en Fa majeur, KV 2, est une brève pièce, composée par Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart à Salzbourg en , alors que Wolfgang n'avait que six ans. C'est la septième pièce de musique composée par Mozart. Ce morceau de musique se trouve dans le Nannerl Notenbuch, un petit cahier que Leopold Mozart, le père de Wolfgang, employait pour enseigner la musique à ses enfants. La pièce a été mise par écrit par Leopold, car le petit Wolfgang était trop jeune pour savoir écrire la musique.

Description
C'est une pièce très courte, comprenant seulement vingt-quatre mesures, dans la tonalité de Fa majeur et jouée à . Elle est habituellement interprétée au clavecin, mais elle peut-être jouée sur d'autres instruments à clavier.

Analyse
C'est une pièce écrite en forme binaire. Elle est formée de deux parties, avec des signes de répétition à la fin de chaque section. La première partie comporte huit mesures et la seconde seize.

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Partition, discographie et deux enregistrements et rapport critique dans la Neue Mozart-Ausgabe.

Articles connexes
 Liste des œuvres pour piano de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 Nannerl Notenbuch

Bibliographie
.
 .

Œuvre précoce pour le piano de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Œuvre en fa majeur


1. Remove carrots from the package. Next place carrots, into a stockpot. Add in water, cinnamon, butter, and ginger; bring water to a boil. Reduce heat to medium. Cover and simmer for about ten minutes.
2. Next add in honey, and orange juice. Bring to a heated boil, uncovered for four to 5 minutes or until most of the liquid evaporates and carrots are tender.