text:
\section{Introduction}
A light beam can possess spin angular momentum (SAM) manifested through its circular polarization state, as well as orbital angular momentum (OAM), manifested through its helical phase front \cite{PRA_allen, Molina2007, LPR_Franke}. SAM can have two orthogonal states corresponding to left- and right-circularly polarized light, whereas OAM is unbounded with its infinite orthogonal states, corresponding to the topological charge of vortex beams such as Laguerre-Gaussian beams ($\textrm{LG}^n_m$, $n$ topological charge, $m$ radial index) \cite{Yao_11, Shen2019}. This angular momentum of light corresponds to an energy flow in the beam in the transverse plane with respect to the propagation direction, termed as transverse energy flow \cite{Bekshaev_11}. Interaction of the transverse energy flow of the beam with a medium may lead to spin-orbit interaction (SOI) induced effects \cite{Bliokh2010, Cardano2015, Aiello2015, Bliokh2015} such as directional scattering \cite{Neugebauer2019}, interconversion of angular momentum \cite{Zhao2007, Nechayev2019} as well as micro manipulation \cite{Zhao_09} and position sensing \cite{Oscar2010}. Additionally, beams possessing SAM and OAM have been envisaged for optical communication \cite{Wang2012, Willner_15, Lei2015, Xie2018}, quantum information \cite{Mair2001} applications due to their orthogonal states.\\

To this end, deterministic sensing of SAM and OAM has become one of the important topics of research in recent years. Detection of OAM in macroscopic scale has been achieved through conventional interferometry \cite{Padgett1996,Leach2002,Leach2004} as well as diffraction \cite{Felde_SPIE_2004,Jack2008,deAraujo11,Bekshaev20} and projection through a reciprocal forked diffraction grating \cite{Mair2001}. These methods are constrained by their complicated optical setups. With the advancement of nanofabrication, generation as well as detection of OAM and SAM has been achieved at nanoscale \cite{Mingbo2015, Guo2016, Genevet2012, Chen2018, ZhangLPR2020}. At these length scales, the on chip plasmonic devices offer great advancement from the interferometric based techniques with their lower footprint. But, in most cases these devices involve complex fabrication methods.\\
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics{schematic1.png}
\caption{Schematic of the experimental configuration. An AgNW placed on a glass substrate scatters the incident LG beam to determine its total angular momentum state.}
\label{f1}
\end{figure}

Thus, there is a requirement of methods which are devoid of these complications and possess smaller footprint for chip-scale applications. Additionally, differential sensing of spin and orbital angular momentum component of a light beam using a single nano-object is yet to be achieved. With this motivation, herein we propose a chemically synthesized quasi-one-dimensional monocrystalline silver nanowire (AgNW) as a sensor for the simultaneous detection of SAM and OAM of light. AgNWs have gained prominence because of their simple preparation method and monocrystalline characteristics. The solution phase synthesis allows them to be self-assembled on any desired substrate and having necessary tunability \cite{Sun2002,Visa2013}. The uniform morphology renders them useful for low loss surface plasmon waveguiding property \cite{Yang2016} and makes them ideal for fundamental photonic circuit applications such as plasmonic waveguide \cite{Yang2016, Chetna2021}, plasmonic antenna \cite{Vasista2018, Tiwari2020}, logic gates \cite{Wei2011} as well as for opto-electrical applications \cite{Lopez2015}. Additionally, in our previous reports we have shown how an AgNW can act as a plasmonic scatterer in sensing total energy flow of an incident beam \cite{Sharma2018,Sharma2019} and as well as probing the inherent spin-Hall effect \cite{Paul2021}.

In this work, a single AgNW dropcasted on a glass substrate has been used as a nanoscopic strip diffractor and the scattered pattern has been extensively analyzed to ascertain the spin and orbital angular momentum state of the incident light, as shown in \textbf{Figure \ref{f1}}. By considering the total transverse energy flow, as well as the individual component due to spin flow and orbital flow at the focus, we are able to distinguish their individual effect on the scattering pattern, allowing us to unambiguously determine their value.

\section{Results and Discussion}

\subsection{Theoretical Calculation}
In order to distinguish spin and orbital angular momentum, we need to characterize their contribution to the energy flow of the beam \cite{Bekshaev_11}. The energy flow of an electromagnetic field, defined by its Poynting vector, can be decomposed into its longitudinal and transverse part. For example, Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams, commonly known as vortex beams, possess transverse energy flow corresponding to its orbital flow, owing to its helical wave front. The magnitude and the sense of flow gets dictated by the magnitude and sign of the topological charge of the beam. On the other hand, circularly polarized Gaussian beams exhibit transverse energy flow corresponding to its spin flow, the sense of which gets dictated by the handedness of the circular polarization.\\

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics{focus_flow.png}
\caption{Theoretically calculated focal orbital flow density (OFD), spin flow density (SFD) and total transverse energy flow distribution for (a) left-circularly polarized ($\sigma_+$) and, (b) right-circularly polarized ($\sigma_-$) $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. Inset shows the corresponding total field intensity. (c) and (d) represents the OFD, SFD and total transverse energy flow distribution line profile along $x$ axis from $0$ to $2\lambda$.}
\label{f2}
\end{figure*}

To investigate the interaction due to transverse energy flow at nanoscale, we employ the Debye-Wolf integral formulation \cite{Wolf1,WOlf2} to find out the optical electric field ($\mathbf{E}=(E_x,E_y,E_z)$) and magnetic field ($\mathbf{H}= (H_x,H_y,H_z)$) components at the focal plane of a $0.5$ NA lens \cite{Novotny2006}. From these, the corresponding spin flow density (SFD, $\mathbf{{p}^\perp_s}$) and orbital flow density (OFD, $\mathbf{{p}^\perp_o}$) about $z$ axis (propagation direction) can be calculated by considering the transverse component (denoted by superscript $\perp$) of the following equations \cite{Bekshaev_11}:

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq1}
\mathbf{p_s} = \frac{g}{4\omega}\textrm{Im}[\nabla\times(\varepsilon_0(\mathbf{E^*}\times\mathbf{E}))+\mu_0(\mathbf{H^*}\times\mathbf{H}))],
\end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq2}
\mathbf{p_o} = \frac{g}{2\omega}\textrm{Im}[\varepsilon_0((\mathbf{E^*}\cdot(\nabla)\mathbf{E})+\mu_0(\mathbf{H^*}\cdot(\nabla)\mathbf{H})].
\end{eqnarray}

Here $g = (8\pi)^{-1}$ and $\omega$ is the oscillating frequency, $\varepsilon_0$ and $\mu_0$ are the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of vaccum respectively and $\mathrm{{p}^\perp_{o,i}}\propto \textrm{Im}[\Sigma_j{E}^*_j(\nabla_i) {E}_j]$ ($i,j = (x,y,z)$). \textbf{Figure \ref{f2}(a)} and \textbf{(b)} show the calculated OFD, SFD and total transverse energy flow density ($\mathbf{p}^\perp = \mathbf{p_s}^\perp+\mathbf{p_o}^\perp$) corresponding to left-circularly polarized ($\sigma_+$) and right-circularly polarized ($\sigma_-$) $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beams at wavelength $\lambda = 633$ nm. The total electric field intensity at the focal plane is shown in the inset. As expected, for both $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, the OFD has similar magnitude and similar counter-clock orbital flow sense. But, for $\sigma_+$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, the SFD and the corresponding spin flow have both clockwise and counter-clock energy flow in its inner and outer part respectively. Additionally, the magnitude of SFD is higher in its inner radius ($|\mathbf{p_s}^\perp| = 0.1085$ at $R = 0.322\lambda$) and slightly lower in its outer radius ($|\mathbf{p_s}^\perp| = 0.0731$ at $R = 1.068\lambda$). It is exactly opposite for the $\sigma_-$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. Hence, for $\sigma_+$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, counter-clock orbital flow towards the center cancels the clockwise spin flow, whereas, in the outer part the counter-clock spin flow gets added up with orbital flow, resulting an overall counter clock total transverse energy flow having a maximum magnitude of $|\mathbf{p}^\perp| = 0.1515$ at radius $R = 0.868 \lambda$. For $\sigma_-$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ the counter-clock inner spin flow gets added up with the counter-clock orbital flow resulting in higher counter-clock transverse energy flow, $|\mathbf{p}^\perp|=0.2551$ at $R = 0.4\lambda$. The OFD, SFD and the total transverse energy flow density radial line profile at the focal plane from $0$ to $2\lambda$ corresponding to $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beams are shown in \textbf{figure \ref{f2}(c)} and \textbf{(d)} respectively. In this context, it is important to point out the subtle differences of the intensity profile for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beams as focusing of circularly polarized LG beam aids spin-to-orbital angular momentum transformation \cite{Zhao2007}. The field calculations and corresponding phase profiles are shown in the supplementary information S1.\\

\subsection{Experimental Implementation}
The focal optical field and its orbital and spin flow constituents, upon interaction with a nano structure will lead to flow dependant scattering allowing us to determine its state. Although different nano-structures have been shown to have exhibited transverse energy flow dependant scattering \cite{Genevet2012,Kerber2017, Chen2018, Sharma2018, Sharma2019}, differential sensing of spin and orbital flow is yet to be achieved by a single nano-object. To that end, we use a single crystalline silver nanowire (AgNW) to scatter the incident optical field and sense its properties. The implementation of forward scattering configuration is achieved by dropcasting AgNWs of width $\approx 350$ nm onto a glass cover-slip, which acts as a nanoscopic strip scatterer \cite{Felde_SPIE_2004,Bekshaev20} for the incident optical fields. A $50\times 0.5$ NA objective lens has been used to focus the incident beam and the scattered signal was collected using a $100\times 1.49$ NA lens, in the transmission configuration (\textbf{Figure \ref{f3}(a)}). A low power of $0.13 \mathrm{\mu W}$ has been used for the scattering of $\textrm{LG}^{\pm 1}_0$ beam. Fourier plane (FP) intensity distribution of the forward scattered light was collected by projecting the back focal plane of the collection objective lens onto a CCD using relay optics \cite{Kurvits_15, FP_adarsh2019}. The collected FP intensity distribution can be divided into two regions, sub-critical region ($\textrm{NA}<1$) and super-critical region ($\textrm{NA}>1$). The incident NA part (NA $0-0.5$) in the sub-critical region is dominated by the un-scattered incident light, and is omitted from our analysis, appears as a black disk at the center of the measured FP. Details of the experimental configuration is elaborated in the experimental section and supplementary information S2.\\

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=420pt]{x_y_data_nf.png}
\caption{(a) Experimental configuration of measurement scheme for the Fourier plane (FP). Inset shows the bright field optical micrograph of AgNW. Experimentally measured Fourier plane intensity distribution for scattering of (b) $x$ polarized and, (c) $y$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. Inner and outer white circles represent the critical angle at the air-glass interface and the collection limit of the objective lens NA respectively. Incident NA region is blocked and appears as a black disk at the center. (d) Simulated near-field electric field intensity distribution at the air-glass interface for $x$ and $y$ polarized incident beam. (e) Corresponding scattered total transverse energy flow density ($\textrm{p}^{\perp}_{scat}$) distribution for $x$ and $y$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. The black arrows indicate the energy flow direction.}
\label{f3}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Polarization dependence of scattering intensity}
To determine the contribution due SAM and OAM in the scattered FP, it is imperative to understand the scattered FP patterns of its constituent linear poalrization components. The longitudinally polarized optical field ($E_x$) with respect to the nanowire long axis ($x$ axis) gets scattered in the sub-critical region, as shown in the experimentally measured data in \textbf{figure \ref{f3}(b)} for $x$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. On the other hand, the transversely polarized fields ($E_y$) lead to near-field (NF) at the NW edges, and consequent signal at the super-critical region in the FP as well as sub-critical region, shown in \textbf{figure \ref{f3}(c)} for $y$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. Additionally, the polarization of the scattered light for the $x$ polarized incident beam is predominantly $x$ polarized and similarly, for $y$ polarized beam scattering, the light scattered in the sub- and super-critical region is mostly $y$ polarized (supplementary information S3). Thus, for scattering of circularly polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, the state of circular polarization can be determined by analyzing the sub-critical region intensity distribution as only in this regime both in-plane $x$ and $y$ components of polarization scatter. Whereas, in super-critical region, predominantly scattered light is from $y$ polarized field and will posses information about OAM state of the incident beam. This has been further confirmed by analyzing the FP due to $\sigma_+$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam (supplementary information S3), where upon analyzing the FP intensity distribution for $x$ and $y$ polarized components, we can recover the FP intensity distribution for $x$ and $y$ polarized intensity distribution as shown in figure \ref{f3}(b) and (c) respectively. It must also be observed that both FP intensity distribution for $x$ and $y$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam exhibit two lobes as well as preferential scattering pattern due to their orbital flow \cite{Sharma2019}. But, the preference for $x$ polarized case is opposite to that of $y$ polarized case. This can be attributed to the polarization dependent interaction of the NW with the incident beam as shown through numerical simulation in \textbf{figure \ref{f3}(d)} and \textbf{(e)}. The details of the finite element method numerical simulation and geometry is given in supplementary information S4. For $x$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam the field gets scattered from the NW and the coresponding total transverse energy flow ($\textrm{p}^{\perp}_{scat}$) points away from the NW and opposite to the incident beam $\textrm{p}^{\perp}$. On the other hand, $y$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam aids the interaction of the transverse energy flow with the nanowire and leads to generation of evanescent near-field at nanowire edges, apparent with the presence of scattered light signal in the super-critical region of FP in figure \ref{f3}(c). Consequently, the scattered field $\textrm{p}^{\perp}_{scat}$ flow is along the same direction as that of the incident beam. Thus, a nanowire through its scattering can detect OAM modes as well as its linear polarization states. The effect is qualitatively similar to a nanoscopic strip scatterer \cite{Felde_SPIE_2004,Bekshaev20}.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width =350pt ]{lcp_rcp_data.png}
\caption{Experimentally measured scattered FP intensity distribution of (a) $\sigma_+$ polarized and (b) $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. The corresponding intensity distribution profile in the sub-critical region of the $k_y>0$ part of the FP for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam is shown in (c) and (d) respectively. The same for super-critical region is shown in (e) and (f). The black arrows indicate the effective directionality.}
\label{f4}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Nanowire as a sensor for OAM and SAM state }
Next, we investigate the FP intensity distribution for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^{\pm1}_0$ beam to determine OAM and SAM state of the beam. \textbf{Figure \ref{f4}(a)} and \textbf{(b)} shows the FP intensity distribution for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam respectively. We analyze the pattern by dividing the FP into four parts and looking into the intensity distribution of either upper ($k_y>0$ region) or lower half ($k_y<0$ region). Additionally, the SAM and OAM signature can be obtained by analysing the signal in the sub-critical and super-critical region intensity distribution respectively. \textbf{Figure \ref{f4}(c)} and \textbf{(d)} shows the intensity distribution profile within the sub-critical region of the $k_y>0$ part in the FP, for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam respectively. The preference of the scattering is opposite for $\sigma_+$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam scattering with respect to that of $\sigma_-$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam data as indicated by the black arrows. The preference is the result of spin flow. Since the dominant contribution tot he spin flow occurs  due to the inner circular part of the beam  as shown in figure 2, the preference follows the same handedness. The super-critical region intensity distribution profile in the $k_y>0$ half for both $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam exhibit similar preference as shown in \textbf{Figure \ref{f4} (e) and (f)}. This preference as well as the number of lobes indicates the OAM state of the incident beam \cite{Sharma2019}.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width =350pt ]{lg_-1_lcp_rcp.png}
\caption{Experimentally measured scattered FP intensity distribution (a) $\sigma_+$ and (b) $\sigma_-$ $\textrm{LG}^{-1}_0$ beam.  The corresponding intensity distribution profile in the sub-critical region of the $k_y>0$ part of the FP for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^{-1}_0$ beam is shown in (c) and (d) respectively. The same for super-critical region is shown in (e) and (f). The black arrows indicate the effective directionality.}
\label{f5}
\end{figure*}

The intensity distributions can be further quantified by calculating the directionality, $D=(I_{2}-I_{1})/(I_{2}+I_{1})$, where $I_{i}$ represents the integrated intensity of $i^{th}$ lobe for sub- or super-critical region. From the experimentally measured data in figure \ref{f4} (c) and (d) we find, $D_{sub}=0.094$ for $\sigma_+$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam and $D_{sub}=-0.123$ for $\sigma_-$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam in the sub-critical region. Thus, $D_{sub}>0$ for $\sigma_+$ polarization case and $D_{sub}<0$ for $\sigma_-$ polarized beam, i.e., sign of the directionality in the sub-critical region inverts depending upon the spin flow direction and hence the SAM state. On the other hand, the preferential scattering in the super-critical region of the FP indicates the sense of orbital flow and hence the OAM state: $D_{super} = -0.284$ for $\sigma_+$ polarized and $D_{super} = -0.563$ for $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, i.e., directionality sign ($D_{super}<0$) remains the same. Hence, $D_{sub}>0$ and $D_{super}<0$ indicates $\sigma_+$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam excitation and $D_{sub}<0$ and $D_{super}<0$ indicates $\sigma_-$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam excitation. Although the differential sensing of the orbital and spin flow is achieved, the total transverse energy flow influences the effective directionality magnitude in the super-critical region to some extent. The measured directionality for the super-critical region is significantly lower for $\sigma_+$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam than for $\sigma_-$ $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, which is due to the higher total transverse energy flow density for $\sigma_-$ polarized beam, as shown in figure \ref{f2}. For sub-critical region the change is much smaller due lower directionality value as well as positional sensitivity. The directionality values will be exactly opposite in sign when we consider the lower half ($k_y<0$ region) of the scattered FP intensity distribution as the intensity pattern for $k_y>0$ region is anti-symmetric with respect to $k_y<0$ region (Supplementary information S5).

The detection mechanism is robust with respect to the inversion of the orbital flow. We prove this by investigating the scattered FP intensity distribution for $\sigma_+$ polarized and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^{-1}_0$ beam as shown in \textbf{Figure \ref{f5}(a)} and \textbf{(b)} respectively. The corresponding intensity distribution profile in sub critical region of the the $k_y>0$ half for the $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized case is shown in \textbf{Figure \ref{f5} (c)} and \textbf{(d)} respectively. The measured directionality is found to be $D_{sub} = 0.054$ for $\sigma_+$ and $D_{sub} = -0.132$ for $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^{-1}_0$ beam. The preference of scattering in this region is same as that of the $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, indicating the same SAM sign. Whereas, for the super-critical region, the intensity distribution profile shown in \textbf{Figure \ref{f5} (e)} ($D_{super} = 0.369$) and \textbf{(f)} ($D_{super} = 0.114$), the preference is opposite to that of the $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ case, indicating the sign inversion of the topological charge  and hence the orbital as well as total transverse energy flow of the beam. Therefore, owing to the polarization and transverse energy flow dependent interaction of the AgNW with the incident beam, we are able to unambiguously detect OAM and SAM of the incident beam. The accuracy of the simultaneous detection of the SAM and OAM state depends upon the width of the nanowire used for the scattering process. We have performed the experiments for nanowires having width $\approx 200$ nm, and the results have been elaborated in supplementary information S6. In general, the directionality in the sub- and super-critical region depends upon the incident polarization state of the beam. For $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, the elliptical polarization dependence of the directionality and the reconstruction of elliptical polarization states are investigated in supplementary information S7.
\\

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width =350pt ]{lg2_data.png}
\caption{Experimentally measured scattered FP intensity distribution of (a) $\sigma_+$ polarized and (b) $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^2_0$ beam. The corresponding intensity distribution profile in the sub-critical region of the $k_y>0$ part of the FP for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^2_0$ beam is shown in (c) and (d) respectively. The same for super-critical region is shown in (e) and (f). The black arrows indicate the effective directionality.}
\label{f6}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Detection of OAM and SAM for higher order LG beam}
Next, we explore the possibility of  simultaneous detection of higher order OAM as well as SAM and investigate the FP intensity distribution for higher order LG beam: $\textrm{LG}^2_0$ beam. \textbf{Figure \ref{f6}(a)} and \textbf{(b)} shows the FP intensity distribution for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized $\textrm{LG}^2_0$ beam respectively. Here we observe 3 lobes, instead of 2 like in the case of $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam, indicating the magnitude of the topological charge ($n+1$ lobes for $\textrm{LG}^n_0$ beam)\cite{Sharma2019}. The corresponding intensity distribution in the sub-critical region of the $k_y>0$ half is shown in \textbf{Figure \ref{f6} (c)} and \textbf{(d)}. The same for the super-critical region is shown in \textbf{figure \ref{f6}(e)} and \textbf{(f)}. From both figure 6(c) and (d) it can be seen that the central lobe remains of almost same intensity for $\sigma_+$ and $\sigma_-$ polarized case, whereas the gray-shaded right-most (numbered $1$) and left-most (numbered $3$) lobes undergo intensity change. Thus we consider the integrated intensity of these two lobes only (1: NA $0.5$ to $0.25$ and 2: NA $-0.25$ to $-0.5$). The directionality values for the sub-critical region intensity distribution in figure \ref{f6} (c) and (d) are $D_{sub} = 0.029$ and $D_{sub} = -0.157$ respectively. As before, the sign inversion of directionality allows us to accurately detect the SAM sign and the signs are same as in the case of $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. On the other hand, the directionality for the super-critical region, $D_{super} = -0.278$ for $\sigma_+$ polarized and $D_{super} = -0.555$ for $\sigma_-$ polarized case indicates the OAM sign.\\

It is important to notice that the directionality values we get in the sub-critical region for $\sigma_+$ polarized beam is lower for $\textrm{LG}^2_0$ beam than that of $\textrm{LG}^1_0$ beam. This is because, as the topological charge magnitude of LG beam increases, the magnitude of the orbital flow increases (supplementary information S8), and dominates the total energy flow and hence it will be more difficult to distinguish the effect of the spin flow. Additionally, presence of $n+1$ lobes  for large $n$ for $\textrm{LG}^n_0$ beam scattering \cite{Sharma2019} in a small scattered width ($k_x =$ $-0.5$ to $0.5$) in the FP intensity distribution, will make it harder for us to detect the fluctuation in the polarization dependent magnitude of the lobes.

\section{Conclusion}

To summarize, we have experimentally shown how forward scattering from a single AgNW can be used for simultaneous unambiguous sensing of spin and orbital angular momentum by employing Fourier plane microscopy. By analyzing the intensity lobes due to circularly polarized LG beam in the sub- and super-ciritical region in the Fourier plane, we show that the preference of scattering in the sub-critical region changes when the spin is inverted, whereas the super-critical region intensity distribution preference depends predominantly on the orbital energy flow of the incident beam, thus allowing us unambiguous detection of both. The incident linear polarization dependent behaviour of the AgNW of scattering within the sub-critical region or both sub- and super-critical region in the FP, allows the detection mechanism. The focal optical field calculation gives us more insight onto the scattering mechanism as well as the resulting directionality. Thus, our work emphasizes spin-orbit interaction based simple single element chip-scale detection configuration with prominent spin and orbital angular momentum detection capability. Additionally, the spin-orbit interaction dependant scattering may lead to opportunities in harnessing the resulting optical forces for optical manipulation at nano scale as well as furthering our understanding of spin-orbit interaction.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
This work was partially funded by Air Force Research Laboratory grant (FA2386-18-1-4118 R\&D 18IOA118), DST Energy Science grant (SR/NM/TP-13/2016) and Swarnajayanti fellowship grant (DST/SJF/PSA-02/2017-18). DP and DKS acknowledges Sunny Tiwari, Rahul Chand, Vandana Sharma, Shailendra K. Chaubey and Chetna Taneja for fruitful discussions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Why did the Salvation Army fail to act on my claims of sexual abuse?
A woman who complained 16 years ago of being abused by charity personnel in the 1970s now wants an inquiry
For Society Guardian, Saba Salman and I write about one woman's experience of trying to report claims of 1970s sexual abuse to the Salvation Army and the police. The full article is below.
This article titled "Why did the Salvation Army fail to act on my claims of sexual abuse?" was written by SA Mathieson and Saba Salman, for The Guardian on Wednesday 23rd July 2014 06.30 UTC
The Salvation Army failed to investigate allegations of historical child abuse, according to a woman who told the charity 16 years ago that four of its members had sexually assaulted her in the 1970s.
In 1998, Lucy Taylor (not her real name) told the Salvation Army that four men at her local branch of the charity in the north of England had abused her. Her story suggests she was groomed from the age of 10, assaulted from 12 years old and the abuse continued for eight years until she left the organisation.
Taylor says her complaints were not handled seriously either at the local branch, known as a "citadel", which was at the centre of her allegations, or at the national headquarters in London. When she later approached police, an investigation resulted in two of the four men being arrested on suspicion of indecent assault. They were later released without charge. For legal reasons the Guardian cannot name the alleged victim, now in her 50s, or the men.
Taylor says: "I want somebody to take me seriously – listen to my problem and help me sort this out". She adds of her alleged abusers: "I just want them to realise what they've done to me [but] part of me doesn't, part of me doesn't want them to know how it's upset me and ruined my life."
Taylor's decision to speak to the Guardian follows recent high-profile cases, including Jimmy Savile and Rolf Harris. It comes just weeks after the home secretary Theresa May announced a public inquiry into how complaints of sexual abuse were treated, and sometimes ignored, in public bodies over several decades. May has said the inquiry would also consider "other non-state institutions" in relation to historical child protection issues.
The Salvation Army, which is both a worldwide church and a social justice charity, operates in 126 countries. It describes itself as a movement "supporting and empowering the vulnerable and marginalised". In Australia, it is being investigation by the Australian government's Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sex Abuse. Last month, the Australian branch of the charity said it was "profoundly sorry" for abuse at four boys' homes in the 1960s and 1970s.
In the UK and Ireland, there are previous cases of Salvation Army staff or volunteers being convicted of offences linked to child sexual abuse. Among them, in 2012, a former volunteer from Didcot, Oxfordshire, James Ernest Summers, was sentenced to 18 years for raping three girls under the age of 10, with the first attacks in the 1980s. There is no suggestion that Taylor's case is linked.
Born into a Salvation Army family, Taylor became a "junior soldier" aged five, pledging allegiance to the charity – the organisation has a military-style structure – and by 16, she was a senior soldier. She sang in the band and the charity became an integral part of her religious, social and family life.
"My future was probably to become an officer [running my own church] and go to London to the William Booth College," she says. But instead, Taylor says, she had to flee the abuse. "I had to leave my beloved church, religion, friends, and lifestyle."
Taylor breaks down when talking about traumatic details that she says occurred decades ago. She recalls being pleased when an older male Salvation Army member was friendly at the charity's local youth club. An only child with an absent father, she welcomed his visits to the club. She explains: "It was really nice to have a father figure".
By the time Taylor was 11, the man was giving her lifts home. She says the abuse began when she was about 12. She was seated between him and another man who, she says, also later assaulted her: "I'm in the middle [he] has his arm around me … the whole of the time, which was a one hour 20 minute drive, he was fondling my breast. I didn't know what to say, I didn't know what to do … this doesn't feel right, you're confused and still a child … I probably thought that he didn't really know where his hand was."
She adds: "I couldn't get out of the van, I couldn't walk away from the situation – I was stuck." She recalls thinking, "just don't say anything because whatever you say is going to make it even worse".
She says of accepting various lifts: "I was so sorry I continued getting in … each time it progressed slightly, so he was maybe testing me to see how far he could go." The man would park in alleyways near Taylor's house and molest her there. She says he also molested her at the local Salvation Army branch.
A multitude of similar, separate, incidents allegedly followed with the other three men. Fearing she would be accused of lying, she says she justified her abusers' actions: "Nothing really terrible had happened [I'd think to myself] he's so nice to me, he smiles and talks to me and pays me attention – accept the lift." She recalls thinking: "I want to carry on going to the Salvation Army … all my friends are there … if I do take it any further, am I going to be able to go back [there]?"
According to Taylor, the abuse only stopped when she moved away aged 20. She says she "couldn't stand it any more".
The intermittent anorexia from which she suffered until her 40s was, she says, an attempt to gain control over her life. She lost "that little girl relationship" with her grandfather because of her mistrust of older men. As for sexual relationships, "when I was having relations with other people, I was told I just lay there, and did nothing". She is married for the second time and has four children and a grandchild. She has worked in tourism for many years. But Taylor says she still often blames herself for what happened: "The adult in me tells me off, and that will not go away because I could have said no, and my life would have been totally different."
The trigger for reporting the alleged abuse came in 1998 when, having moved home temporarily, she saw one of the men in a Salvation Army band. Overcome by memories long since "compartmentalised", Taylor remembers: "I hear the Salvation Army music playing – they have a way of doing the brass and the harmonies together – it's lovely and it pulls at your heart strings … I want to just run to it and there they all are … and I'm frozen."
Seeing the man she accuses of abusing her performing with the organisation she had to abandon led her to contact her old branch. She says the then head did not take the complaint seriously, instead implying that promiscuity was rife in the 1970s.
Taylor says: "He thought I was confessing to having been 'naughty' – I wasn't; I was saying: 'This is what happened to me [and what was done] by those people at the Salvation Army when I was a little girl'… I went home with my tail between my legs and cried … [the attitude was] it was nothing to be worried about".
When she then contacted the UK headquarters, she says she was offered free counselling, but refused as this would have been with the Salvation Army. Taylor later went to police.
A spokesman for the local police constabulary confirmed to the Guardian it had arrested two of the men. In a statement it said: "Both were arrested on suspicion of indecent assault on a female but released [a few months later with] no further action". Taylor recently applied for her records under data protection law, but the constabulary says the file was destroyed because no further action was taken. The Crown Prosecution Service says it was unable to find information on the case.
Now Taylor wants a letter of apology from the Salvation Army. She also wants it to exclude two of the men who she believes are still active members. "I've had to take my uniform off and I did nothing wrong, and they're marching around in their uniform professing to be soldiers of God," she says. "When you wear your uniform, you're proud and saying to people 'I'm part of this organisation, you can trust me'… they're not the kind of people who should be wearing it."
Taylor, who says she fears that she was not her abusers' only victim, wants a specific inquiry into the Salvation Army's original response to her claims. And she believes it is something the government's wide-ranging inquiry could look into. She asks: "Why can't the police investigate why it wasn't dealt with properly at the time?"
Even now, she is not confident of action: "I promise you this did actually happen. I feel like I'm in a warped universe … I think they're all going to clam up again and nobody's going to get anywhere with it – that's my fear."
The Salvation Army says it had been given insufficient information to fully investigate Taylor's initial complaint. A Salvation Army spokeswoman says: "We deeply regret that anyone feels they had not been listened to, we take the protection of children and adults extremely seriously. The caring landscape has changed considerably since the 1970s. Our records show that we explained this needed to be a specific complaint with names and dates declared so it could be investigated, recommended the police needed to be informed and offered independent counselling by an independent counsellor. Now, reflecting best practice, we would inform the police, and speak to them if the person did not feel able to do so themselves, and any named individuals would be suspended while a police investigation took place. We deeply regret any suffering caused, we will be speaking to the police with regard to reopening the investigation."
She adds: "We wish to assure the public that the Salvation Army is no hiding place for anyone who wishes to take advantage of children and adults in our care, and we encourage anyone who feels they have not been listened to, or now feels ready to talk to us, to contact our safeguarding unit or the police directly."
guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010
Published via the Guardian News Feed plugin for WordPress.
Author SA MathiesonPosted on July 23, 2014 January 22, 2020 Categories Articles, Police
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tarzan creator Edgar Rice Burroughs' 1912 novel 'A Princess of Mars' was the first in a series of classic novels that introduced the titular John Carter and his adventures on the planet Mars to readers. Supposedly, the books influenced future sci fi ventures such as Flash Gordon and filmmakers George Lucas and James Cameron to name a few. Now, a century after it was written, 'A Princess of Mars' has been adapted to the big screen by writers Andrew Stanton, Michael Chabon and Mark Andrews, as John Carter, a big budget ($250 million) sci fi adventure in 3D.
Model turned actor Taylor Kitsch (Friday Night Lights) stars as John Carter, a disillusioned Civil War captain from Virginia who is burdened by the tragic death of his wife and young child. On the run from the U.S. Army and Apaches, Carter winds up in a cave where he comes across an alien visitor and a gold medallion and is suddenly, mysteriously, transported to Mars (known as Barsoom to its inhabitants). There Carter discovers he has no trouble breathing the air, has super human strength, and possesses the power to leap extraordinary heights in a single bound. In no time he runs into a tribe of skinny, 10 foot tall, green skinned natives called Tharks with two sets of arms and a pair of facial tusks led by Tars Tarkas (strong voice work by Willem Dafoe). Think of the Tharks as the Native Americans caught in the sidelines of a civil war that mirrors the one being waged back on earth. And, instead of the North and South, the more powerful Martian inhabitants, the feuding Zodangans and Heliumites are violently battling it out.
Needless to say, Carter finds himself thrust in the middle of the conflict after encountering and falling for the bodacious Dejah Thoris (a muscular toned, Lynn Collins, X-Men Origins: Wolverine) a Heliumite princess/scientist/warrior, whose father (a wasted, Ciaran Hinds given very little screen time) has forced her into marrying Zodangan leader Prince Sab Than (Dominic West) with hope that their wedding would create a truce and forge an end to the ongoing conflict. Meanwhile, the one really pulling all the strings is the evil, manipulative, shapeshifting Thern leader, Matai Shang (Mark Strong).
Unlike director Brad Bird (The Incredibles, Ratatouille) who made a successful jump from animated films to live action with Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol, for Andrew Stanton, who helmed the delightful, heartfelt Finding Nemo (2003) and 2008's WALL•E, the transfer into unfamiliar territory doesn't appear to be well suited to his skills.
That isn't to say the visuals aren't eye catching and attention grabbing including the convincing CGI created alien characters (with supporting voice over work by Samantha Morton, as the maternal Sola and Thomas Haden Church as Tal Hajus) and cool looking martian space crafts. I also got a kick out of Woola, a fat doglike creature with a huge mouth and playful personality that latches on to Carter and follows him everywhere.
However, when it comes to the storyline and acting, John Carter falls way too short. Kitch (he should have changed his name) fits the bill physically as a hunky, bear-chested hero with the initials of another savior. But his acting is bland at best. Although good looking and baring a resemblance to Johnny Depp (maybe it is the hair) he lacks the screen charisma and talent of the superstar.
I have to admit, I haven't read any of the books in the series, but I am sure they must have been easier to follow than this unfolding narrative. Beyond the cheesy, laughable dialogue and incoherent action, this movie adaptation is hindered by a convoluted storyline that lacks any emotional hooks. Also, there is some mumbo jumbo about a Martian power source called "the ninth ray," but it is never fully explained. What does jump out are scenes we've seen played out in dozens of other movies. In other words, been there, seen that, which has been done better.
John Carter is obviously the introductory film in the franchise. I was very disappointed, and I can only hope the next installment will be more worthwhile than this sci fi fantasy mess.


Casey couldn't wait to marry Alex - until an anonymous text hours before her wedding changed everything.
Alex* and I had been together for six years. I felt he was The One instantly. Our families became friends, our lives were entwined, and I believed we'd live happily ever after.
But I loved Alex. I wanted to marry Alex tomorrow. I was too shocked and sad to be angry. I didn't call him.
Eventually, we tried to go to bed. I didn't sleep a wink and when dawn finally broke I awoke the girls and told them my decision - I was going to go ahead with the wedding as expected, and 'out' him in front of our friends and family.


text:
Q: JSF - Button Double Click My JSF application need to create a custom keyboard. Then I want to get Double Click or Right Click action on JSF Button to define keys.
Is this possible?

A: Yes, there is a library called Prime Faces , you can use that.
http://primefaces.org/downloads.html
It has a number of built in components that you can use in JSF (one of which  allows you to create a custom keyboard.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Frekhaug est un village de Norvège dans le Hordaland, centre administratif de Meland.

Géographie

Histoire

Notes et références

Localité de Hordaland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Your host, Peter Hunt, welcomes Patrick Kaler to the show.
Patrick Kaler is the President and CEO of Visit Buffalo/Niagara, the tourism promotion organization.
Together, Peter and Patrick discussed the remarkable return in the $2 billion that has been invested in recent years in tourism-related infrastructure. As well as, over 8 million visitors per year, generating in $123 million in tax revenue.
Patrick is President & CEO of Visit Buffalo Niagara.
Together, Peter leads the discussion on the development and growth of Buffalo hotels.
Peter leads the discussion on the current high hotel occupancies and the progress on bringing more people to Buffalo.
Your host, Peter Hunt, welcomes Patrick Kaler to the show!
Together, Peter leads the discussion on the history of Visit Buffalo Niagara and Buffalo's tourism.
Patrick Kaler is the President & CEO of Visit Buffalo Niagara.
Together, Peter Hunt leads the discussion on the city of Buffalo and growth that is taking place.


text:
Is APA a credible source?
Paula Mckinnon
These sources are either authentic science or evidence-based, as evidenced by the use of reputable scientific sourcing. View all Pro-Science sources. Overall, the APA is a pro-science site that sources all material correctly. It is not a fan site and does not post rumors or unsubstantiated claims.
What is an APA research paper?
What is the purpose of APA?
What are the benefits of APA use?
Is it APA bibliography or works cited?
Does social science use apa?
What is an APA citation?
Is APA used for social sciences?
The American Psychological Association's source documentation style is APA. This research paper format is commonly used in the social sciences, such as psychology, anthropology, and sociology, as well as education and other sectors. It consists of a running head, which is a brief description of the content above the main body of the essay; Acknowledgments, which are notes to thank people who have helped with your research project; Introduction, which is a short paragraph that introduces the topic being discussed by the researcher; Materials and Methods, which are details about how the data were collected, including questionnaires, interviews, observations, etc. ; Results, which are findings from your analysis of the data; Discussion, which includes your thoughts on the significance of the results and suggestions for future research.
The American Psychological Association Style, often known as APA Style, is the standard framework for practically all social scientific research subjects. Its purpose was to standardize scientific writing. Citation assists the author in avoiding plagiarism and the significant implications that it entails.
Citation is the act of referring or directing attention to a previous publication, especially one that shows awareness of an earlier work and includes an indication of where the earlier work can be found. It is generally considered good academic practice to provide citations when using information from other people's ideas or experiences. A researcher who fails to do so may have their work rejected by journals that require this of their contributors. Citations also help readers find sources that support or contradict the views expressed in articles. They are therefore an important part of any scientific document.
When writing up results from your experiments, you must include references to other studies that are relevant to your topic. These could be primary studies (such as experimental investigations), secondary studies (such as systematic reviews or meta-analyses), or theoretical studies (such as models or frameworks). In addition, when writing your paper, you should refer to the source materials that you used, including books, articles, interviews, photographs, and videos. This allows others to check your work and ensures that you are giving credit where it is due. Finally, citing other people's work helps to avoid plagiarism - copying someone else's idea without giving them proper credit.
APA Style clarifies articles on frequently complicated themes. It makes documents easier to read and comprehend. When sources are mentioned consistently and the paper is written in a consistent fashion, it improves flow and helps keep the attention on the topic of the paper. These are just some of the benefits that an APA formatted paper can offer.
To record sources, APA Style employs text citations and a reference list rather than footnotes and a bibliography. A bibliography typically includes all of the publications listed in a paper, but it may also include other works consulted by the author, even if they are not mentioned in the text. The term is derived from the Latin word for "books," although today it usually refers to any collection of literature.
In academic writing, citations on pages 1-3 of the manuscript follow the format Author Year published in: Publisher, location. For example, Thoreau wrote in his journal, "A walking tour is a pleasant exercise -- when you can find time for it." On page 4, the citation would read: Thoreau, W., 1854. A walking tour. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. Page numbers should be used with caution, as some publishers do not always assign them in an accurate manner. Authors should therefore check their own texts for accuracy before printing.
Works cited are lists of books or articles that were used as source materials. They are usually included at the end of papers and include information about where to find these sources. Works cited can be organized by topic or writer. Wikipedia has a good tutorial on how to create a works cited page.
Topic sentences are crucial to understanding the main idea of a paragraph or section.
APA is most commonly used in the following disciplines: Social Sciences (including psychology, education, sociology, economics, criminal justice, etc.). When writing about individuals, it is customary to use the first name and last initial or full last name. When writing about groups, it is sufficient to use the group name alone. Examples: "The studies showed that female students prefer..." or "People who work in teams usually choose as their leader someone who is more skilled at working with others."
Additionally, an academic journal may have specific requirements for authors. Common examples include requiring authors to provide their own funding for their work or requiring a level of novelty or significance be reached by the article being considered for publication. However many journals will accept previously published material with minor revisions and extensions rather than require anything so novel again be written from scratch.
In conclusion, APA is the official publishing house of the American Psychological Association. It is best known for its series of reference books designed to help psychologists conduct research and write articles for publication. However, it also publishes numerous other books on various topics within the field of psychology.
What exactly is an APA Citation? A citation is a direct quotation or reference to a source of information. It is critical to correctly credit your sources while writing any type of paper. The American Psychological Association is abbreviated as the APA. A citation prepared in this manner is known as an APA Citation.
The process of creating an accurate citation involves three steps: (1) identify the source, (2) find the information you need from that source, and (3) format the information for your citation. The first step is the most important one - make sure you are using reliable information! The APA provides guidance on how to locate sources and uses examples in its publications to help students and professionals follow suit.
Citations are used by academics to indicate the origin of information found in their works. While it may be assumed that readers will know where to find information published by researchers, it is important to note that other scholars may not have access to the same resources you do. Therefore, allowing others to directly link to your work is helpful for increasing its reach and finding new audiences.
Citations also serve an important function in psychology papers. They allow authors to give proper credit to the people who have contributed ideas to their works, which in turn increases reader engagement with their papers. For example, an author could cite another researcher's study on cognitive biases to explain his or her own findings - without citing the original work, this would not be possible.
The APA (American Psychological Association) formatting style is extensively used in the social sciences, business, and certain life sciences. APA Style employs brief in-text citations that relate to an alphabetical list of references at the conclusion of the work. The examples below show how APA Style can be used to cite sources within articles and books.
An article that uses APA Style includes a title page, a body, and a bibliography. The title page should include the author's name, the article's title, the name of the journal, the volume number, and the date published. The body of the article begins on the next page and should contain a short abstract, the main text of the article, and notes if necessary. The bibliography lists other publications by the author or editor, including previous versions of the same work. Each entry in the bibliography should include the author's name, the title of the work, and the date published.
A book that uses APA Style has a copyright page, a title page that includes the author's name and the book's title, and a body consisting of the main text of the book followed by notes if necessary and a bibliography. Although not required, it is customary for publishers to place an index at the end of books that uses APA Style.
Paula Mckinnon has been an educator for over 20 years. She loves to teach kids about science and how it relates to their everyday lives. Paula also volunteers as an advisor for college students who are interested in going into STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) fields.
What skill is involved when you use your five senses to gather information?
Why are inhibitors useful?
Author: Romeo Crouchet
What is the difference between collage and assemblage?
Author: Diana Bowles
What is meant by "professionalism" in teamwork?
Author: Jane Marciano
What is the difference between media and medium in art?
What does the author use most clearly in these lines from her memoir, and why?
By Diana Bowles
What do we call a historical document created by a person who was there at the time of the event?
By Richard Liotta
What does "spec" mean in construction?
By Edgar Glover
What is the meaning of the titles and descriptions?
By Paul Green


text:
'use strict';

var express = require('express'),
    router  = express.Router(),
    authenticateClientToken = require('../middlewares/authenticateClientToken'),
    getClientId = require('../middlewares/getClientId'),
    ClientAccount  = require('models').ClientAccount,
    HttpApiError = require('error').HttpApiError;

router.get('/', authenticateClientToken, function(req, res, next) {
    var offset = +req.query.offset || 0,
        limit = +req.query.limit || 50;

    ClientAccount
        .findAll({ offset: offset, limit: limit })
        .then(function(clientAccounts) {
            res.json({
                clientAccounts: clientAccounts
            });
        })
        .catch(function(error) {
            next(error);
        });
});

router.get('/:clientId', authenticateClientToken, getClientId, function(req, res, next) {
    ClientAccount
        .findOne({
            where: { client_id: req.clientId }
        })
        .then(function(clientAccount) {
            if (!clientAccount) {
                return res.json({
                    message: 'No client account has been found with given client id'
                });
            }

            res.json({
                clientAccount: clientAccount
            });
        })
        .catch(function(error) {
            next(error);
        });
});

router.post('/:clientId/deposit', authenticateClientToken, getClientId, function(req, res, next) {
    var sum = +req.body.sum;
    if (!sum || sum <= 0) {
        return next(new HttpApiError(400, 'Invalid sum'));
    }

    ClientAccount
        .findOne({
            where: { client_id: req.clientId }
        })
        .then(function(clientAccount) {
            if (!clientAccount) {
                return res.json({
                    message: 'No client account has been found with given client id'
                });
            }

            clientAccount.deposit(sum, function(error, amount) {
                if (error) {
                    return next(error);
                }

                res.json({
                    amount: amount
                });
            });
        });
});

router.post('/:clientId/withdraw', authenticateClientToken, getClientId, function(req, res, next) {
    var sum = +req.body.sum;
    if (!sum || sum <= 0) {
        return next(new HttpApiError(400, 'Invalid sum'));
    }

    ClientAccount
        .findOne({
            where: { client_id: req.clientId }
        })
        .then(function(clientAccount) {
            if (!clientAccount) {
                return res.json({
                    message: 'No client account has been found with given client id'
                });
            }

            clientAccount.withdraw(sum, function(error, amount) {
                if (error) {
                    return next(error);
                }

                res.json({
                    amount: amount
                });
            });
        });
});

module.exports = router;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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We welcome feedback from both residents and relatives regarding the standard of care received. You will find some recent testimonials below. If you would like to provide comments please contact the Care Home Manager here.
To all the staff at Glencairn. We just wanted to extend our thanks to you all for your support in the lead up to our wedding and for everything you did to enable our Aunty to look so beautiful on the day, and for providing transport. A Special thanks to Irene for her time and kindness in being there on the day.
I visited several care homes before selecting Glencairn but not one matched the comforting and reassuring first impression that I got and the ongoing consistency of a homely environment that I have witnessed during my regular visits. I have never had any doubts about the quality of care and understanding of Mum's needs, but it was the consistency of maintaining her dignity throughout her illness that has especially comforted me .... In short, Glencairn deserves its five-star rating and I will have no hesitation in recommending it to others. Thank you all for facilitating the best possible care for Mum at the time when it became impossible for me to manage that personally.
In the final days of Mum's life the care was superb. There were three things very important to my Mum - privacy, respect and dignity - and these were so evident not only for her but to us also. I wanted to tell you of situations that were extremely well handled. It is most certainly a very effective team at all levels with an excellent manager - Margaret Ann Gavin. The system adjusted to suit her and not the other way round.
I am the Oral Health Co-ordinator for the Public Dental Service within NHS Tayside. I wanted to write and congratulate you all on the excellent work you do. Michelle and the rest of the staff have done a tremendous amount of work in making sure the oral care of your residents is carried out on a daily basis.


A pimple is known as acne that mostly appear on oily skin. It is irritating that's why nobody like pimples. It can occur in any area of facial skin. Our diets are also a reason of acne such as ice cream, pizza, burger, dairy chocolate, milk chocolate, potato chips, bread etc. Bread is not good for health because it is problematic for many reasons. This problem is mostly with teenager and adults. They experienced it. Stress, greasy hair, high-fat, high sugar diet are also reasons for pimples. .Never wash your face quietly and softly. Here, we will tell you how to get rid of pimples. Popping pimples rise the infection risks. You can get rid of pimples easily.
Many medical treatments are available for this purpose. Hormones disturbances are also caused on the skin. Medical treatments can affect your skin badly. Many chemical creams are also available for this purpose. These chemicals can also react in your skin. And these medical treatments are some expensive, it is no affordable for some people. In this article, we will tell you about how you remove pimples without any medical treatments and chemical creams.
Apply toothpaste application on pimple using a cotton ball.
Apply toothpaste overnight and wash it next morning.
It is suitable for all types of skin.
Take a cotton ball and dip into the oil.
Apply oil over a pimple.
Leave it overnight for best results.
Mix both peppermint oil and vitamin E oil.
Apply this oil mixture directly on pimples and leave for sometimes to absorbed into the skin.
Take lavender oil and apply few drops on a pimple.
clean your face with water and dry it.
Apply lemon oil directly on affected area.
Combine both honey and milk into a clean bowl. Mix well.
Apply on face and start to massage some mins in the upward circular motion.
Wash it off using plain water.


text:
Q: Integration by parts question using ln
Since I figured I can't use the integration by parts method right away, I tried the simple u-substitution method first, with $u=x+x^2$ and $dy/dx=2x+1$.
What I usually did for other problems like this was manipulate u in some way to cancel out the dy/dx, which leads to a form of a product between two functions, and then use the integration by parts method. But here I'm not sure how to cancel out the dy/dx.

A: HINT: $$\ln(x^2+x)=\ln(x+1)+\ln(x)$$
$\int\ln x dx$? Can be get by integration by parts with $f(x)=x$ ; $g(x)=\ln(x)$.


text:
'Extinction Rebellion' And Climate Change: Is Civil Disobedience The Way Forward?
4 May, 2019 in Current Events / United Kingdom by Ross Gibson (updated 74 days ago)
On April 15th, the climate protest group Extinction Rebellion launched their 'International Rebellion' campaign. The group, formed in 2018, aims to "minimise the risk of human extinction and ecological collapse" through "non-violent civil disobedience". The ongoing campaign has seen them cause significant disruption in central London, temporarily shutting down key locations across the city, including Oxford Circus, Waterloo Bridge and Parliament Square. Following this initial success, they now plan to move onto the "second stage" of their rebellion, focused on "negotiations" with politicians and the police.
Protestors and supporters of the group have emphasised the urgency of the climate situation, and their belief that there is little option left for them other than civil disobedience. "What else is there? Write a letter to my MP, join Greenpeace – none of it seems to make much difference, so I feel there is no option but to take a stand," argues one protestor, speaking to the Guardian.
The Metropolitan Police feels differently. The campaign's first week saw over 800 arrests, and Commissioner Cressida Dick says it has caused "miserable disruption". Public transport in particular was severely affected, with "55 bus routes closed, and 500,000 people affected as a result", claims Supt Colin Wingrove.
Yet for Extinction Rebellion, this kind of disruption is exactly the point. Dr Gail Bradbrook, a co-founder of the group, argues that it is the status-quo that is in fact causing "huge disruption", and that civil disobedience is needed to make people "pause and reflect".
This is not an argument without merit. We need only look at the severity of the current climate situation to find justification for extreme action. Indeed, world leaders seem to recognise this fact- at least in their rhetoric. As former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon succinctly put it, "this in an emergency situation, and for emergency situations we need emergency action". His successor Antonio Guterres has echoed this, naming climate change "a direct existential threat" and calling on the world to "act now to save our planet".
Yet governments have thus far failed to heed this message- a 2018 policy brief from the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment revealed only 16 of 197 countries are on track to meet the pledges they set out in the Paris Agreement.
It is little wonder then that groups such as Extinction Rebellion feel justified in undertaking non-violent civil disobedience. If governments have failed to listen to lawful protest, scientific consensus, and even choose to ignore their own climate pledges, then they must be made to act. Civil disobedience may be one useful tool in making them do so.
It is too notable that, contrary to the beliefs of critics, the demands made by groups such as Extinction Rebellion are feasible; as the Centre for Alternative Technology's Zero Carbon Britain project demonstrates, we already possess the technology to reach net-zero emissions. And we can do it quickly. Andrew Simms from the Rapid Transition Alliance, which promotes urgent solutions to climate change, draws comparison to the response to the 2008 global financial crisis: "if we treated the wellbeing of the biosphere with the same integrity and seriousness with which we treated the integrity of the banking system, you would rapidly see the alignment of resources and planning that would achieve these kind of goals."
The only obstacle then, appears to be political will. Extinction Rebellion want to use civil disobedience as a tool to generate this will, and to force governments and world leaders to close the gap between their rhetoric and their action. Their success in doing so will depend greatly on their persistence and on governments' willingness to listen. On the first point they seem to be doing well: 50,000 new members have joined since the 15th of April and key sites in London were successfully held for days on end. Whether leaders are willing to listen, however, is another question entirely.
Ross is a recent graduate of the University of Manchester, where he studied Politics, Philosophy and Economics. His main areas of interest are climate change issues, inequality, democracy, non-violent conflict resolution, and critical approaches to international relations.
Latest posts by Ross Gibson (see all)
Narendra Modi's Victory Prompts Concerns For India's Muslim Minority - June 4, 2019
UN Report Slams U.K.'s Treatment Of The Poorest In Society - May 30, 2019
Sri Lanka Suffers Wave Of Anti-Muslim Violence In The Wake Of Easter Bombings - May 27, 2019
About Ross Gibson
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package com.foundationdb.sql.parser;

import com.foundationdb.sql.StandardException;

/**
 * A SET CONSTRAINTS statement.
 */

public class SetConstraintsNode extends StatementNode
{
    private boolean all;
    private TableNameList constraints;
    private boolean deferred;

    /**
     * Initializer for SetTransactionIsolationNode
     *
     * @param all whether to affect all constraints
     * @param constraints list of constraints to affect
     * @param deferred true to defer
     */
    public void init(Object all,
                     Object constraints,
                     Object deferred) {
        this.all = (Boolean)all;
        this.constraints = (TableNameList)constraints;
        this.deferred = (Boolean)deferred;
    }

    public boolean isAll() {
        return all;
    }

    public TableNameList getConstraints() {
        return constraints;
    }

    public boolean isDeferred() {
        return deferred;
    }

    /**
     * Fill this node with a deep copy of the given node.
     */
    public void copyFrom(QueryTreeNode node) throws StandardException {
        super.copyFrom(node);

        SetConstraintsNode other = (SetConstraintsNode)node;
        this.all = other.all;
        this.constraints = (TableNameList)getNodeFactory().copyNode(other.constraints,
                                                                    getParserContext());
        this.deferred = other.deferred;
    }

    /**
     * Convert this object to a String.  See comments in QueryTreeNode.java
     * for how this should be done for tree printing.
     *
     * @return This object as a String
     */

    public String toString() {
        return "all: " + all + "\n" +
            super.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Prints the sub-nodes of this object.  See QueryTreeNode.java for
     * how tree printing is supposed to work.
     *
     * @param depth The depth of this node in the tree
     */

    public void printSubNodes(int depth) {
        super.printSubNodes(depth);

        if (constraints != null) {
            printLabel(depth, "constraints: ");
            constraints.treePrint(depth + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Accept the visitor for all visitable children of this node.
     *
     * @param v the visitor
     *
     * @exception StandardException on error
     */
    void acceptChildren(Visitor v) throws StandardException {
        super.acceptChildren(v);

        if (constraints != null) {
            constraints = (TableNameList)constraints.accept(v);
        }
    }

    public String statementToString() {
        return "SET CONSTRAINTS";
    }

}


Offering only the best care and services.
Racehorse spelling soon to be available.
We tailor agistment plans to fit you and your horses needs. Please contact us to apply for pricing.
The owner, Bec Lording, is a EA Accredited instructor and equestrian mindset specialist who is available to help you with lessons and horse care throughout your time at EEA. The arena has show jumping equipment and dressage markers to fit whatever discipline you may ride. Regular jump clubs and ladies days are also held on the property which are perfect for a riders of all ages and abilities to get together and have some jumping fun.


Logline: A tortured man returns to the town he ran away from as a child to exact his revenge on all those who wronged him and face the one man he fears the most. His father.
Inked In Blood is a story of revenge. It's about a tortured man who returns to the town he ran away from as a child to exact his revenge on all those who wronged him, and face the one man he fears the most. His father.
In a desolate, completely unremarkable town in the mid eighties Aesop Quarrels grew up living a tortured existence. His father, Sheriff Edsall Quarrels, was a cruel and vindictive man on his best of days. More so after the birth of his "freakish albino son"(his words). Amid the constant abuse he endured while growing up, Aesop was forced to witness his mother's abuse at the hands of his father's weekly poker buddies.
Nineteen years after escaping this living hell, Aesop has returned to exact his revenge. After receiving news of his mother's apparent suicide, the fires of suppressed rage and vengeance have been stoked. He returns a tortured soul. Symbolic tattoos adorn both his arms. One side depicting scenes of Hell, the other scenes of Heaven. He wears them proudly, a badge to the horrific struggles that they both endured.
One by one he will make them pay; not only to mend the shattered pieces of his own life, but for his mother's suffering as well. Past horrors begin to unfold as he embarks on a twisting trail of carnage that must ultimately lead to Aesop facing the one man responsible for their suffering. As he struggles with the terrible weight of what he's done, and the price that he will eventually have to pay, Aesop heads towards a final showdown with his father and, in the process, he will uncover a hidden family secret that threatens to tear him apart.
I think "Inked" has a unique cast of characters with their own voice. The protagonists tattoos play an important visual role in the story and are there for more than just the esthetics, and this would add another dimension to the story telling.
The Big Lebowski. I never get tired of it. The first scene in the bowling alley with Donny, the Dude and Walter talking about the rug is one of my all-time favorites.
I wrote Inked In Blood in 2012, but I did nothing with it for several years. After sending it out to a couple screenwriting contests and placing in a few, I did some serious rewrites and eventually began to win. That brought me to where it is today.
I have four completed screenplays and several in the works. I also have a short that has placed in a couple contests.
Wow, can't name one song. If I had to pick an album I listened to the most in my life, I'd have to say Ozzy's Diary of a Madman or Rush 2112.
I think the main obstacle I faced while writing this screenplay was the fact that I don't really watch horror movies. I don't particularly like to be startled, or scared, but I think that this ultimately helped me in the end, because I wasn't pulling ideas from anything I had seen in the past. Another obstacle I faced was trying to come up with interesting ways for Aesop to take his revenge. I wanted to keep each death interesting-anyone can pull a trigger. Finally, the last obstacle was trying to keep my anti-hero human. While he is taking his revenge through violent acts, he struggles with the decisions he's made, and knows that some day he will have to pay for his actions.
I went to art school where I studied fine art photography. It's something I still do, and enjoy, in my spare time. I am also very passionate about music. In what now feels like another life, I was the drummer in a rock band and played all around Hollywood during the height of Guns and Roses, Motely Crue, etc. Oddly enough, twenty some years after it all came to an end, a record company released a seven song CD of our music this year. Oh yeah, I grew up a huge comic book nerd and that hasn't changed to this day.


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Q: What is the proper way to send a json body with axios from React to Django Rest Api I am trying to send a post request to my django rest API using Axios from a react frontend.
Home.js
Here I am getting the value from the form and setting up the state and sending the value to the function that will call the API on submit
const [query, setQuery] = useState({
    search: "",
  })
 const { search } = query;

// function handle submit
const onSubmit = (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    console.log(search);
    navigate(`/search/${search}`);
    fetchSearch(search); //fucntion that deals with the api call
  };

searchApi.js
this function deals with api call
export const fetchSearch = async (search) => {
  console.log("the data being recieved ", search);

  const config = {
    header: {
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
    },
  };

  const body = JSON.stringify({ search }); // 1
  const body = {            // 2

    search: search,
  };

  console.log("this is the body", body);

  try {
    let response = await axios.post(`${url}/get-teacher/`, body, config);
    console.log(response.data);
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error);
  }
};

Now let me tell you the problem I am facing, as shown above, I have comments beside the body. If I send the body //1 as a request, then django throws this error and I get an internal server error
AssertionError: Expected a `Response`, `HttpResponse` or `HttpStreamingResponse` to be returned from the view, but received a `<class 'NoneType'>`

And if I send the body //2 as a request then it works perfectly.
the view that handles the request
@api_view(['POST'])
def search(request):

    query = request.data.get('search')

    print("this is the query recieved" ,query)

    if query is not None:

        try:

            user = TeacherDetail.objects.filter(is_verified= True)

            # to chain lookups to query multiple fields at once
            lookups = Q(name__icontains = query) | Q(location__icontains = query) | Q(full_address__icontains = query) | Q(name_of_school__icontains = query) | Q(experience__icontains = query) | Q(teach_for_no_days__icontains = query) | Q(subject__icontains = query) | Q(shift__icontains = query) | Q(teach_class__icontains = query) | Q(board__icontains = query)

            user = user.filter(lookups)

            serializer = TeacherDetailSerializer(user, many = True)

            return Response(serializer.data)

        except Exception as e:
            e = str(e)

            return Response({'status':status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, "message": e})
    else:

        response = {
            "message": "Query is empty",
            "status": status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
        }

I want to know why this is happening because when I console.log() the body //1 is see
{"search":"swastika"}

which is exactly what we send to the body of the request.
Please correct me where I am wrong and tell me the proper way to send the body as JSON


Project ROBOX is a design and build project by a group of student in the Joint Programme of BUPT & QMUL. The aim of this project is to design and make a electronic clock by using 7400 series integrated circuits. In this project I worked as a team leader with 10 colleagues. This project started in June 2011 and end in September 2011.
During 3 months time, our team designed a clock with multiple functions including an alarm clock and a fast ,clear, and accurate time adjustment interface. Finally we build a clock including 80 discrete ICs each with only basic logic or register functions. These ICs were solderned on 5 different circuit board according to the different function groups they belong to. The boards were connected together with IDE bus cables which is quite commonly used in computers.
There're a lot of technical challenges that we met building the clock. The followings are those that left me with deepest impression.
The first problem that we met is to debounce the buttons. As the human hand is not steady when press a button, sometimes the button might be triggered multiple times when you press on it.
The simplest idea is to build a lowpass filter to screen off the unnecessary vibration. After doing several experiments, we found that the analogue filter that we designed has a poor performance and was not stable all the time. Therefore, we turned to design a digital circuit to debounce the button.
The basic idea is very simple. Instead of using a filter, we then used a counter this time. The counter with a input of a rapidly fliping square wave signal will have an n-th order of frequcncy division on its n-th digit. Therefore any input signal that is shorter than the time defined by the counter and input clock will be regard as a bounce and be ignored.
The figure on the right shows the final design of our debouncing circuit. We chose a 16 Hz clock to restric the minimum time window for a button input, and used a d-latch to buffer the input.
The state machine of the clock is shown in the figure on the right. The circles stands for the differen states that the clock will work on. The arrows each labled with a signal stands for the transformation between each states triggered by different events.
There "Normal" mode is the mode in which the clock runs without any interruption, i.e. the display show the current time. There is a button called "Mode" which can be pressed by a user to switch between different mode.
Triggered by "Mode" button, the state machine can switch among "Modify Alarm", "Modify Clock", or "Normal". When in the state of "Modify Clock" or "Modify Alarm", the user can further decide whether to adjust hour or minute by press "Set" button, then either the hour digits or the minute digets will flash denoting that the digit is being set. Then the user can press and hold "+" button to adjust time.
There is another state triggered by statemachine itself instead of any user input called "Alarm Ring". When the time comes to the time stored in the alarm clock, this state will be triggered. Then the user can decide to press set to clear this state and switch back to normal mode or to ignore the alarm because the alarm will cancle itself afer ringing for 32 seconds.
The figure above show how we designed our control unit that runs the function of the state machine. The two 74-ls-74 Dual D-Flipflop worked as the register of the state machine storing the current state. Other component 74-ls-86(XOR), 74-ls-00(NAND),and 74-ls-04(NOT) are the next-stage form the next-stage logic. The CD-4020(14 bits ripple carry counter) works as the frequency divider that provide the clock signal for the "Press and hold" function.
In order to use only one display board to show multiple information(The current time and the time for the alarm clock), two sets of registers should be connected to the display at the same time. Also an control logic is needed to decide which number to show on the display. Instead to use two set of designated lines for each function, our clock multiplex two signals on the same set of lines. Therefore the two signals shares the same physical connection on a Time Division Multiplex basis. As a consequence, we chose to use a bus line to implement all the connections among boards(We used 4 boards in our design).
The figure shown above are an IDE bus cable and the picture of one of our boards. In order to put 6 BCD numbers onto a bus, 24 bits of bandwidth is needed(4 bits for each BCD number, 6 BCD numbers for the denotion of hh:mm:ss). The bus has also to hold other information like some control information and clock signals. So I decided to use An IDE bus which is extremely common in personal computers( As a matter of fact, I didn't buy new IDEs, instead I removed some from my old computer).
Click here to download the design documentation of ROBOX.
You can watch this video here if you cannot access Youtube in your country.


The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "History of Garden Design" is the property of its rightful owner. Do you have PowerPoint slides to share? If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com.... A visual journey through the history of landscape design. For thousands of years, people have altered the meaning of space by reshaping nature. As an art form, these architectural landscape creations are stamped with societal imprints unique to their environment and place in time.
Download the-history-of-landscape-design-in-100-gardens or read the-history-of-landscape-design-in-100-gardens online books in PDF, EPUB and Mobi Format.
Subject Overview: A critical examination of the historical development of landscape architectural design, including the events, social influences and personalities involved, and the philosophies and theories that were developed.
Landscape design is a living art that is significantly older than recorded history. Since the days of ancient Egypt and Greece, people have been transforming the landscape to meet a variety of visions, from a private, peaceful oasis to dramatic, awe-inspiring public vistas.
There are entries on architects, terms, periods, and styles, covering all periods of Western architectural history. Biographies range from Brunelleschi and Imhotep to Le Corbusier and Richard Rogers. New entries include definitions of landscape terms, and biographies of modern architects. Each entry is followed by a mini-bibliography, with suggestions for further reading.


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Home/VW/2022 VW Tiguan Facelift: Colors, Interior, Release Date, Engine
2022 VW Tiguan Facelift: Colors, Interior, Release Date, Engine
Ernest March 8, 2021	VW Leave a comment 130 Views
On some markets, the current generation of this compact crossover has already received a mid-cycle update but in North America, novelties are coming with next year. The 2022 VW Tiguan is about to come with a plethora of changes, which will include both exterior and interior novelties. Of course, we also count on several additions to the list of standard and available equipment. On the other side, things under the hood are about to remain the same.
Despite the updates, the overall design will remain pretty much the same. The current generation still has a lot of things to show. We are talking about one of the most refined models in the class, which is also very practical and one of the rare compact SUVs that has a third row of seats in the offer. Considering the update, we expect to see it on sale a little bit earlier than usual, probably in the third quarter of the year.
2022 VW Tiguan Facelift
Of course, the center of this update will be the facelift. We are talking about a plethora of visual changes, especially at the front. We don't expect that things will be much different compared to the European version, so you may count on a completely new face. It includes a new grill, as well as a new pair of headlights, which are based on the brand's new design language. You may find a lot of similarities with the mid-size Touareg, but also with the new, eighth generation of Golf hatchback.
A couple of novelties can be noticed on the rear end as well, especially on the tailgate, where you can see a new badge and "Tiguan" lettering. Naturally, there are also novelties typical for mid-cycle updates, such as new wheels, color options etc. On the other side, the mechanical aspect of the vehicle is about to remain the same.
A good thing to know is that changes are coming on the inside as well. One of the first things you'll notice is a new steering wheel, while the company's well-known 12.3-inch digital instrument cluster will be standard. You may also count on a new infotainment screen, as well as on a couple more novelties on the center stack. On the other side, the rest of the cabin will continue pretty much in the same way.
This means you may count on a spacious and one of the most practical cabins in the class. With nearly 110 inches in wheelbase, the 2022 VW Tiguan accommodates three rows of seats, which is something rivals don't offer. Of course, the third row is tight but still can be very useful for kids and on shorter journeys. When it comes to cargo volume, you may count on about 37.6 cubic feet behind the second row and 73.5 with it folded. Numbers are slightly lower in three-row models. Those are good ratings for the segment.
Of course, we also count on novelties in terms of standard and available equipment, even though the current model already looks pretty decent. At this point, it's still early for details, but we know there will be more standard features compared to the current model, which comes with six speakers, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, Bluetooth, a USB port, and a Wi-Fi hot spot. We presume that things like keyless entry, push-button start and few more things could be added to the list of standard equipment.
The same thing goes for safety. The current model comes standard with a rearview camera, blind spot monitoring, rear cross-traffic alert, forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking, and pedestrian detection. We would definitely like to see more in this aspect.
2022 VW Tiguan Engine
Changes under the hood won't happen and the 2022 VW Tiguan will continue with a familiar turbo-four in the offer. Of course, we are talking about a familiar 2.0-liter unit, which puts out around 184 horsepower. The engine comes in pair with 8-speed automatic transmission. The powertrain by itself feels refined, though driving dynamics aren't on par with rivals. Also, we can't say that the handling is particularly engaging.
Another thing that's not so impressive is fuel economy. You may count on about 22 mpg in the city and 29 mpg on the highway. That's below average for the class.
2022 VW Tiguan Release Date and Price
As we already mentioned, the 2022 VW Tiguan should hit the market sometime in the third quarter of the year. When it comes to the price, we don't expect bigger changes. So, base models should go around 26.000 dollars. When it comes to the competition, some of the key rivals are models like Honda CR-V, Toyota RAV4, Ford Escape etc.
Previous 2022 Ford Edge Preview: Redesign, Interior, Hybrid, Price, Discontinuation
Next 2022 Chevy Equinox Gets New Styling and Updated Infotainment System
The current generation of VW's popular compact crossover has just been updated. The 2022 model …


text:
Truth has no bias
Global Chess
East Asia & South Pacific
American Affairs
Tag: South Korea
New Developments In The Presidential Scandal That Rocked South Korea
February 9, 2018 February 9, 2018 Elizabeth Vos
As new charges are brought against South Korea's former President Park Geun-hye, the Chairman of Samsung has been named a suspect in a multi-million-dollar tax-evasion case. The latest developments represent the continuation of previous scandals that ultimately saw Park ousted from the Presidency and the heir of Samsung jailed for over a year.
Asian Affairs, Leaks Choi Soon-sil, Lee Jae-yong, Lee Kun Hee, Park Geun-hye, Samsung, Sewol, South Korea
Samsung Billionaire Heir Sentenced To 5 Years In Jail For Bribery
August 26, 2017 Around the Web
The billionaire Samsung Electronics Vice Chairman and heir, Lee Jae-yong, was sentenced to five years in prison for paying bribes worth 8.9 billion won ($7.9 million) to a friend of then-president Park Geun-hye to win her support for the merger of two Samsung affiliates. The sentence marks a "watershed moment" for the country's decades-long economic order dominated by powerful, family-run conglomerates.
Around the Web, Asia Choi Soon-sil, Lee Jae-yong, Park Geun-hye, Samsung, South Korea
The "Spirit Cooking" Style Cult Accused Of Murder And Shamanism In South Korea's Government
May 3, 2017 May 11, 2017 Elizabeth Vos
On April 16th 2014, the Sewol ferry disaster took place off the coast of South Korea, leaving over 300 people dead; […]
Asia, East Asia & South Pacific, Global Chess Choi Soon-sil, Choi Tae-min, Chuam, Ferry, Kim Sangman, Park Geun-hye, Samsung, Sewol, South Korea, Yoo Byung-eun
What Hillary's Goldman Sachs Speeches Revealed About Changing Tides In The Koreas
April 11, 2017 April 27, 2018 William Craddick
As the United States positions fresh military assets near the Korean peninsula and reports emerge that China has positioned 150,000 troops […]
Asia, Global Chess China, Donald Trump, North Korea, Nuclear Weapons, South Korea, Xi Jinping
Where Do Korean Negotiations Go In 2020?
Is This Intelligence Group Responsible For The Q Anon Conspiracy Theory?
Bolton Is Choking On Foreign Policy, Here's Who Should Replace Him
Here's A Roadmap For Denuclearizing North Korea
Is Alt Media's Bad Boy Lying About His Role In The Epstein Case?
The Evidence In The MH17 Case Doesn't Point To Russia Or Ukraine
How The Mercers Plotted To Control American Discourse
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text:
YouTube and online video
Phone on side held by a hand. The screen is blue with white symbols that represent wheelchair, blind and hard of hearing.
Never before in history has the ability to beam your face into people's home been more accessible. TV has been a barrier in the past but these days anybody can create a YouTube channel and share their story with the world.
Sharing our stories is important to further normalize disability; we need to be on the same platforms as everybody else. However you should consider being entertaining if your goal is to be a star, add humour to your videos if you really want an audience. Perhaps find some locals to collab with, this can extend your audience. Alternatively you can also collab with people all over the world through video conferencing.
Reactions from the audience can range from viewing you as an inspiration to trolling you. As somewhat of a public figure myself I get more annoyed at the people calling me an inspiration, but I don't really get trolls. People can be blocked or the comments can be turned off entirely if the reactions bother you.
Many portable computers have cameras and mics built in or you can find a second hand one.
If you are camera shy you don't have to appear on camera. It is possible to do this by pointing the camera away from you. Another option is recording your voice and making a video but you may have to learn how to do this.
If you cannot talk you can still release video by using a text to speech program and using that as an audio file instead of a recording of someone's voice.
For existing bloggers I know someone with a disability which got progressively worse and he can no longer type the way that he could. He now uses video as an alternative to blogging.
YouTube is also the second most used search engine after Google. Being available in both will expand your reach. Another point is getting decent rankings on Google can take thousands of words; it could be easier to do a ten minute video with a good thumbnail, optimized tags and a decent description.
YouTube has a subscriber function which isn't perfect but this still means that your content will be delivered to at least a good chunk of your subscriber base and you don't have to rely on people remembering to visit your website. You may additionally want to maintain a newsletter to publicize your latest videos.
YouTube videos can be posted to Facebook pages however uploading videos directly to Facebook is typically a better way to ensure the content gets delivered to more people who like your Facebook page.
To make your video accessible to people with hearing difficulties you may want to learn how to do closed captions or provide a transcript.
Live streaming is popular these days but this may not be an accessible way of communicating for some people. I communicate very slowly and don't believe that people would stay on a stream where responses would take me a minute to type.
Other Platforms for Online Video
TikTok.com is a popular platform for very short videos. These videos can be a good way to get discovered by the masses.
Instagram has their own video platform called "IG TV" which stands for Instagram Television.
Twitch.tv is a very popular live streaming platform.
Just because several video platforms exist doesn't mean you have to use them all. You may be better off trying to grow your audience on one platform before expanding to another.
Ways to earn money by creating online video
Creating online videos can be a way to earn money if you have a significant subscriber base. If you have 1,000 subscribers you can have YouTube display advertisements to earn you money. However unless you have a few hundred thousand views per month the income might not be substantial so some creators use sites like Pateron.com to get financial support from fans.
With Pateron.com you can either have fans pay you monthly or for each video that you produce. Many people who do independent news shows opt to get financial contributions monthly and this allows them to maintain a studio.
Additionally you can accept brand deals as a source of income but you are more likely to get them if you are popular.
You can promote products and earn a commission. See our article on affiliate marketing for more information.
How to get popular on YouTube
As we already mentioned collaboration with other YouTubers is a great way to gain popularity. A good place to start would be checking whether your area has a Facebook group where YouTubers hang out. Alternatively most YouTube channels have their Email address on their about page, you could Email them if they are local.
There might be opportunities to get on TV or radio and this is an opportunity to mention your YouTube channel or Facebook page. I was once on a current affairs show in New Zealand and because they mentioned that I had a Facebook page I got about 4,000 likes to it.
People find YouTube video on search engines so you need to optimize for this by having great thumbnails and a catchy title. Having good keywords and tags will also help. Finally you should upload a subtitle file so that YouTube (and people with hearing difficulties) will know what you've said in the video.
Currently people commenting will get videos to show up to people more so at the end of your video tell your viewers to like, comment and subscribe. You may also want to tell them to watch another video to keep them on your channel for longer as YouTube also rewards this.
As far as creating content you could make videos on common problems that people with your type of disability face. This means if people are searching for a problem that you cover your videos will likely show up.
YouTube will also reward videos which captures the attention of the audience until the end of the video. Many YouTubers will add background music to their content and using a free video editor will enable you to do this. You are also best to design your presentation to hook the viewer at the beginning so make sure you tell them what to expect by watching.
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At Warrick Veterinary Clinic in Boonville, we are always striving to offer the best care to our patients and clients. Our team hopes you have a pleasant experience at your appointments and will take a moment to share your experience.
They took care of my fuzzy baby, were attentive to my concerns, and were thoughtful enough to send me a picture of him recuperating after surgery! Thank you!