We're going to start by going into the biochemistry of how the various macronutrients – fat, protein, and carbohydrate – make it into our bloodstream and how they are stored.
I've simplified the biochemistry as much as practical. If you want more details, you can start with the chapters about fat and carbohydrate metabolism in Marks Medical Biochemistry, but I'll warn you that biochemistry is annoyingly complex.
Triglycerides are simply 3 fatty acids hooked to a glycerol backbone. The fatty acids are just chains of carbons with hydrogens attached to them and then what's called a hydroxyl group (pink in the image) at one end. Discussion of fats is imprecise; sometimes we talk about "fats", sometimes "fatty acids", and sometimes "triglycerides". You can treat all those as equivalent for this discussion.
The fatty acids shown here are saturated fatty acids; the differences are mostly immaterial for the purposes of this series, so I'm going to ignore them.
After digestion, fatty acids end up in the bloodstream, our adipose (fat) tissue pulls them in, and stores the fatty acids away. Very simple and the system works quite well.
The amount of energy you can store in fat cells is close to unlimited. Even only 10 pounds of fat stores about 35,000 calories, which is a ton of energy; that's about 1000 miles of riding for the kinds of rides that I do.
The protein in the food we eat is broken apart into individual amino acids, absorbed into the bloodstream, and… Well, at that point it gets a little weird.
There is no centralized storage for protein in the body. There is a what is called the "amino acid pool" in each of the cells, but generally speaking, if we eat more protein than is immediately usable by the cells, the rest is excess. Most of the excess amino acids can be converted to glucose through a process known as gluconeogenesis, so some of the excess energy becomes blood glucose, but if there is too much, it is just thrown away.
Now, if you look at it another way, you can view muscles as a centralized storage for protein. There is something known as "protein sparing" where the body generally tries not to tear apart muscles to get energy, but if the need is great, the body will tear down protein, convert it to glucose, and burn it. If you've seen the pro cyclist upper body muscles, you can see this effect in action.
Carbohydrates are much more complex; unlike the fat system, where all fatty acids are treated equally, the different sugars are treated quite differently. I'm going to talk about how the various sugars get into the bloodstream and what form they take before I talk about storage.
Glucose is one of the common currencies for energy in the body. When you eat glucose, it is absorbed into the bloodstream.
These are sometimes known as "glucose polymers", which is a fancy way of saying "chains of glucose". The chains are broken apart into glucose in the digestive system before they are absorbed and that generally happens fairly fast.
You can treat dextrose, maltodextrin, and most starches as if they were glucose from a nutritional perspective. There are a few exceptions; there is "resistant starch", which doesn't get digested easily and can be converted to fat in the digestive system by bacteria, and a cool product known as SuperStarch that I'll talk about in a later post.
Sucrose is a disaccharide, which means it's a compound of one molecule of glucose and one of fructose. You can treat the glucose part just like any other glucose molecule.
The fructose part is more complex. Some fructose may get digested into fat in the digestive system, but the fructose that makes it into the bloodstream cannot be used directly by the cells of the body. Rather than waste that energy, the liver takes the fructose molecules and does a bit of processing on them. If glucose is rare (blood glucose is not high), the resulting compounds will become glucose, and if glucose is common, it will convert those compounds into fatty acids, which is released (if you are lucky) or accumulates (if you are not lucky). More on that later.
High fructose corn syrup is about 55% fructose and 45% glucose, so it's pretty close to the same mixture as sucrose and from a dietary perspective, you can treat it the same.
I should also note that some people have varying degrees of fructose intolerance; it can cause what is politely known as "digestive issues". If I eat any fructose during exercise I will get immediate stomach issues. I mention this because it took me a long time to figure out.
Lactose (milk sugar) is another disaccharide, in this case a combination of glucose and galactose. The glucose is like any other glucose, the galactose is like fructose in that it can only be handled by the liver.
What we call 'alcohol' – ethanol – is lumped together with other carbohydrates even though it is not a sugar. Ethanol can only be metabolized through the liver, and like fructose and galactose, it might end up as glucose or it might end up as fatty acids.
When blood sugar is not in a narrow range, bad things happen. Normal fasting blood glucose levels are around 80 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter). If you get below 50 or so, you can end up in a coma, which is bad; that is what happens to type I diabetics if they get too much insulin. If you get above about 215, you need to seek medical attention, and above 300 is an immediate risk. And moderately high levels on an ongoing mean that you have type II diabetes.
One small sugar cube. There is a *tiny* amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
The small range of normal blood glucose levels plus the small amount of glucose in the blood means that even a modest amount of glucose coming in from the outside could have a huge effect on blood glucose levels; a mere 4 grams of glucose would double the blood glucose level if there were no mechanism to deal with the extra glucose. The body therefore devotes significant amounts of machinery to try to keep blood glucose constant.
Blood glucose level is regulated by the pancreas. As the cells of the body pull glucose out of the blood, the level drops, and the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon. The glucagon signals the liver to release some of its stored glucose into the blood stream to bring the blood level back to normal. The liver can store about 100 grams (400 calories) of glucose, which it stores as glycogen. If the liver glycogen stores are chronically low – if you aren't eating many carbs on an ongoing basis – the liver can make glucose from other compounds – like lactate, the glycerol from triglycerides, and some amino acids from protein – using process known as gluconeogenesis – and it can also switch some tissues to use ketones rather than glucose to reduce the required amount. If you aren't eating anything – if you are fasting or starving – your body can still make the carbs you need.
First, the burning of fat is minimized so that as much glucose can be burned as quickly as possible. The more glucose being pulled out of the blood, the less the blood glucose level will rise.
Second, the liver will start pulling glucose in and storing it as glycogen, as long as it has space. The muscles will also start pulling glucose in if they have space to store it, and the muscles can store around 400 grams (1600) calories. Conversion from glucose to glycogen is quick and there are a lot of liver and muscle cells, so if glycogen stores aren't full, the glucose will quickly be pulled into those cells, and blood sugar won't get very elevated. But compared to fat, the storage is quite limited, and it's very rare that glycogen stores are low; muscle glycogen is only burned through activity, so it's generally only the liver storage that is in play, so there's often just not much space to store glycogen.
The third effect happens if the liver and muscle glycogen stores are full. There is no easy place to store the glucose but it's still coming in from the digestive system, so the blood glucose level goes higher and the pancreas releases more insulin. There is only one place for this excess glucose to go, and that is fat, so the liver and the fat tissue pulls in glucose and converts it to fat. This is slower than the conversion to glycogen, so the elevated blood sugar and insulin levels persist for a few hours.
Because that it is highly important to keep blood glucose low and limited storage space, there is a fundamental asymmetry between the fat and carbohydrate storage systems, and that asymmetry drives a lot of the physiological response.
It seems like an appropriate point to talk about what is different for people who have insulin resistance or type II diabetes.
The normal person sees just a small spike of glucose and it quickly returns to normal, the pre-diabetic sees a spike and then a drop afterwards (this is likely not true for all pre-diabetics), and the type II diabetic starts with an elevated glucose level and a meal just spikes it way up.
Part of what we are seeing is that the liver and muscles become less willing/able to absorb glucose out of the bloodstream, so it takes longer for the blood glucose to return to normal. When we get all the way to type II diabetes, there is something else going on. Earlier I talked about the process to deal with low blood glucose by converting liver glycogen to glucose. This normally only happens when blood glucose is low, but insulin resistance messes up the machinery that controls this, and the liver will release glucose even when glucose is normal or elevated. That is why the blood glucose is chronically high.
The result is that those who are insulin resistant have chronically elevated levels of glucose and insulin, and since we know that elevated insulin reduces fat burning, they find it very hard to burn fat.
Insulin resistance is not a binary thing, and it's possible to be a little insulin resistant and not have it show up in standard tests. It is not confined to people who are overweight; it is possible to be insulin resistant and have a normal body weight.
Protein and fat digestion and storage are pretty simple, but because of the limited storage available for carbs, excess carbs just get stored as fat.
Now that we've gotten that fat and glucose stored, in the next post we're going to talk about how those are used by the muscles.
I glossed over the relation of insulin to protein earlier in the post, but it comes up often enough I thought it was worth covering here.
Insulin is a multipurpose storage hormone; not only does it signal the body to store glucose, it also signals it to store protein.
We eat a high protein meal and the pancreas secretes insulin. That would cause the amino acids from the protein to be absorbed, but it would also tell the liver, muscle, and fat cells to pull glucose out of the bloodstream, and would therefore cause the blood glucose to plummet.
Notice the inverse relationship between the insulin and glucagon values; this will move the insulin/glucagon ratio much higher so the glucose will be absorbed.
There is a small insulin spike from the protein, but a large glucagon spike. That keeps the insulin/glucagon ratio low and blood glucose constant.
Great description of how things work. It certainly connects many concepts that take a lot of work to get a handle on. The thing that would be really useful is a section like "What does this all mean in day to day life".
Like: (not necessarily accurate) Glucose is a useful intake for a cyclist on an extended ride (over 40 minutes) as it will provide …..


Historically speaking, organizations have heavily relied on human translators to perform high-quality translations for them.
Once the world experienced the emergence of internet-based machine translation in the early 2000's, many organizations (not all) became too dependent on machine translation engines. This oftentimes meant translation quality was sacrificed in the name of time and cost savings.
For years, machine translation has operated in a silo. Until recently.
Enterprises that are increasingly focused on their bottom line seek cost and time savings by way of artificial intelligence, as our society gradually becomes more and more dependent on AI. And language translation is no exception.
The intersection of machine learning and language translation is helping businesses and other organizations across the world access to new audiences, facilitating international growth more efficiently than ever before possible.
Now, you too can put artificial intelligence to work for your business to streamline your translation production, in effect maximizing your time and money. We're about to tell you how.
In order to reap the benefits of artificial intelligence used in language translation, you must first understand how machine translation software uses machine learning.
You can't assume that every translation system is using machine learning, so we'll use our platform, Pairaphrase, as an example.
Many machine translation engines are based on frameworks such as Microsoft and Google, but not all of them have been integrated into a platform that allows for machine learning.
For example, as of today's date you cannot train the Google Translate app to learn your company's words and phrases to improve your translation output quality over time.
In contrast, the Pairaphrase application puts machine learning to use in a dynamic way.
As machine learning requires some form of user input, Pairaphrase requires humans to intervene after translation has been predominantly performed by a machine translation engine.
After producing a first draft translation by way of machine translation and Translation Memory (will get to this momentarily), the user trains Pairaphrase to learn its words and phrases by making edits.
Pairaphrase facilitates this by dividing a "first draft" translated file up into segments presented in a Translation Editor tool within the interface.
The user or a bilingual colleague can then make edits to the "first draft" translated file by segment. The system automatically searches for matches of the just-edited segment and will apply that edit dynamically, across the whole file and even across a batch of related files.
The edits are then stored for future automatic use and machine learning in a bilingual repository called a user's Translation Memories.
As a user makes more edits over time, they are increasing training their machine translation engine. This results in more expansive Translation Memories, and the application increasingly learns the phrases and words the user and its organization uses in their files.
These are auto-populated for future translations in the "first draft" process, during which the machine translation engine pulls existing translation memories into the file where appropriate.
As time moves on, there is increasingly less human interference required to produce human-quality translations.
Now that you know the logic behind Dynamic Machine Learning, we'll show you a step-by-step video to follow so you can learn how to train your machine translation engine using Pairaphrase.
The cheat sheet in How to Improve Machine Translation Quality teaches you how to improve your machine translation quality by tweaking the way you write your source files.
This will help minimize how much time you need to spend training the machine translation engine in the first place, because the writing style will be better understood by a machine translation engine.
Pairaphrase now offers Translation Memory development assistance to users who access the cloud-based software via the Paris and Hong Kong plans for a minimum of one year.
This option almost completely eliminates the need for human input, because the Pairaphrase team will pre-populate translation memories for you that pertain to your organization's commonly used words and phrases, before you start using the software.
Request a free Pairaphrase demo today!


Javier Perez-Karam grew up in Venezuela, and relocated to New York in 2002 to pursue a film-making career. In the process he discovered Meditation and Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy, and as he started incorporating the practice into his life, he has gained a new purpose with his film career as well as his recent found drive to teach and share his experience with Meditation within the framework of Buddhist Philosophy and it's applications to the modern life.
His relationship started "non-spectacular", he was "chasing a lady!" That's how it started. He liked this woman, and she invited him to a Buddhist meditation class. He couldn't say no, so he went. It was Geshe Michael Roach, from the Tibetan Gelugpa tradition. He's a very polarizing person. He became his first teacher, put the seeds of meditation into his brain. Learning about karma, mindfulness. and emptiness. He had already grasped these concepts before from his own experience, but didn't have a framework for understanding.
Meditation can lead them to the best version of yourself. He liked the promises of what meditation leads up to. His parents were going through a divorce, and he had broken up with his girlfriend, so that further encouraged him. His fiancee calls him an "experience junkie", so he gave it a try about 8 years ago. It took some time to make it part of his daily life. But it radically changed his way of seeing his reality. But also has a new view of Buddhism.
How did meditation help you with sad events?
It helped him accept sadness, it's ok what is going on right now. So it is not so strong of an emotion later. He can now accept it. Through the practice of meditation and off the cushion through mindfulness and in living. He could now better identify what he was feeling and how it made him react to the world.
When his parents divorced, it hurt him very much. He felt physical pain in his chest, he'd never felt physical pain from sadness before. He could better understand it, and now allow that pain to become part of everything else. He did notice how this pain from broken relationships in his family affected how he started seeing others. He noticed he was objectifying women and rejecting love, but it was coming so much from his own relationships, but from seeing the broken relationships in his life like his parents. And by objectifying, he was protecting himself through this objectification.
Through meditation he was able to realize how he was putting on that barrier, and he was able to break it down. After that he started seeing clinging to possessions, and other afflictions in himself. So he could now find the problems in his life, and observe, and re-frame, and then it was not a problem anymore, but an opportunity.
Were there any particular practices that you found particularly helpful with particular struggles?
He read this book by Lama Christie (see link below), about a death meditation. About through visualizations, you try to simulate what it means what it is like to die and see how your possession and loved ones are left behind. It plays with the idea of uncertainty in the time of death. That was a wake up thing. He always liked to think death was far away, so you don't pay attention. We like to think it won't happen to us, we don't pay much attention to our own death.
He started doing this death meditation over and over again. And he could now start to appreciate the shortness of human life, and appreciate the moment, so precious. And the fact that he was experiencing was mind-blowing. It is his choice whether to love or objectify a woman, cheat or not, etc. It's all based on the choices you make now. That sitting down and self-analysis about mortality, really triggered a deeper practice. He needed to understand now more of our own reality, and how his mind creates his own reality, through that death meditation.
Was there more of a sense of what the consequences are of your actions?
Yeah, as small and insignificant as our actions are, there are consequences. He can recall things he did when he was a teenager, and now sees how those things created consequences. Very interesting once you learn about karma or the things you put into the world, the causes and effects.
And it then makes you more conscious about what direction you. want to take with your life right?
Yes, completely, that is also where mindfulness comes in. Because you may get cut off in traffic, or you have a fight with someone with work. That is where the practice takes shape in real life, not so much in sitting down. If you're not mindful in your daily life, you're bound to make mistakes, terrible mistakes even.
We tend to do something, there's this urge, and then ohh, shouldn't have done. The moment you have an impulse, this urge, not surrender to it right away. You take a second with mindfulness, you have that moment to think about it before you do it.
Yeah, we go through life without realizing. Sometimes we think we can get away with it. But when we know we didn't. We're constantly judging ourselves.
Do you have more self compassion through practice?
At first more for others, then more recently for myself. He took longer to develop compassion for himself. For such an individualistic society, in the west, we don't really teach to love ourselves. Sure indulgence our selves, yes, but respect and love ourselves, not so much.
There is judgement in this culture about failing too. We are not allowed to fail in this culture as much.
Initially there's more of self serving in a way initially because of cause and effect where you make sure it doesn't come back at you. But regardless that still makes the world a better place.
Lately he has been doing Tonglen (Tibetan) practice, "giving and taking" with his future self.
Has your sense of who you think you are changed?
Yes, completely. When he was younger, he thought his identity was a film maker, and had to get a message out, self serving though. He didn't care initially what he was making if it mattered to others. But now after practicing Buddhism, it does not define him anymore.
But with the Buddhist practice, and getting more wisdom, but now his film making career doesn't define him so much anymore. Film making is now something he does, that doesn't mean he is that. Now he feels more like a human being, a future father, future husband. He's in a different framework.
Now the stories he tells through video, he wants to inspire with them, more oriented to what people the world needs. Inspire people to be the best version of themselves.
So what is the film you're working on right now?
Yes, it's called, The Perfection of Giving", a documentary film shot between Kathmandu and NYC. See link below for more info. 108 lives project, from his teacher. The idea was to replicate the project in many other places. Javier wanted to offer his help. Initially just 5 minute pieces to document this giving to the 108 resource poor people, But as he was helping the organization to become bigger. As he started helping, their attitude started changing.
Just a couple hours a day thinking about the needs of those 108 other people. Was making them happy, brutally happy. Ah, there is something here, maybe altruism is not so much about helping others, but helping ourselves, to find ourselves. Not so much about building schools, but helping ourselves. They help people paint schools, teach kids English, etc. And then all the volunteers go back to their own lives. Sure there is an exchange, their lives don't change much, but the volunteers experience as human beings completely changed! So that is what the story is about.
It's a very personal film. It doesn't come from his personal view, but that is not what he hopes it comes across as. Let's see how it plays out. He'll put it online after screening it at festivals. And he hopes it will help some people do some crazy non-self interesting things.
You mention non-self, what are you talking about for those who don't know?
Yes, the blurry line between me and you. It's the illusion from our own duality of mind. When you put yourself in a very generous position, "playing the Bodhisattva", those boundaries just blur. When you see somebody laugh, you cannot help but laugh, or if you see someone in pain, you feel their pain.
Is that why you called it, "The Perfection of Giving"?
Yes, it's exactly about that. In Tibetan Buddhism, the first perfection is about giving, dana. Blurring that space between our body and minds and access to the oneness. Certainly the experience we lived in the movie, was at least a little taste of what that means, that oneness, that blurring between giving and receiving.
So the self and other dissolves in that giving?
Giving is a full circle. There's someone on the other end of the giving. For that person to be taking, it immediately becomes an interdependent arising. There can not be giving without receiving, not a giver without a receiver. Two sides of the same coin.
When is the film ready?
It's done already for private screenings. It will be out to the public, depends on how the festival goes. It will be available in September 2015 for watching online (see below for links).
So you are a teacher of meditation?
He guides meditation offerings at the 3 Jewels Meditation Center. He's now a junior teacher there. He's also studying under a Shambala tradition. Mostly teaches mindfulness meditation and giving and taking meditation (Tonglen). Easy meditations for beginning meditators. One is based on breath, and the other on visualizations. He does a little bit of both.
Currently also doing an immersive meditation teacher training for a year, at a place called the interdependent project in New York City. They explore together with other teachers, and several lineages, to built more skills together with other teacher. Under several lineages of the Buddhist tradition.
Is there any meditation for really busy lives with distracted people like in New York?
If you are just starting out, recommend anybody to just breath, focus on your breath. Don't beat yourself up. Your mind is going to wander somewhere else, just bring it back to your breath. Even if you do it "badly", you can do it, to gain benefits from meditation. It's better to learn how to breath first.


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Five continents competing at the World Cup in Rome
150 athletes from 45 countries representing 5 continents are ready to compete Saturday and Sunday on the tatami of Palafijlkam Ostia for the World Cup Rome.
At 300 days of the start of the Olympic Games in London, the appointment with the World Cup in Rome is an opportunity for all athletes who pursue the goal of Olympic qualification and challenges, which will begin Saturday at 10 (48-52-57-63 kg) and at 10 on Sunday (70-78 – +78 kg), facing intense and spectacular in every case.
How will those of 57 kg with Giulia Quintavalle, gold in Beijing, supported by the home crowd with a 39 year old opponent of the caliber of Isabel Fernandez (ESP), gold in Sydney or Ketleyn Quadros (24, BRA), Bronze in Beijing but also the twenty-one Hedvig Karakas (HUN), 2009 World Championship bronze or emerging young Flavia Gomes (17 years, BRA).
Italy ranks twenty-one athletes, Elena Moretti, Valentina Moscatt, Ilaria Ugon (48), Noemi Boccanera, Rosalba Forciniti (52), Sharon Dinasta, Monica Iacorossi, Giulia Quintavalle, Alessia Regis (57), Valentina Giorgis, Edwige Gwend, Flavia Paganessi (63), Erica Barbieri, Giulia Cantoni, Marisa Celletti, Francesca Busto (70), Debora Vendrame, Assunta Galeone, Gilda Rovere (78), Tania Ferrera, Lucia Tangorre (+78).
Interesting meetings also, in conclusion of the Olympic Training Center in Ostia with Alessandro Campagna, DT of the National Water Polo World Champion 2011 that returned the visit to the DT of italian judo Felice Mariani. Strategy and tactics, this is the theme of the images making use of the Italy-Serbia World Cup final in Shanghai, has experienced and qualified several interventions, particularly those of Udo Quellmalz (GER) and Bassel El Gharabawy (EGY).
Watch the live stream here:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There was a significant drop in the number of new rental listings, while the volume of properties let last month also dropped, as reduced supply restricted choice for potential renters, the latest figures from the Agency Express Property Activity Index shows.
According to the data, there was a 16% drop in national month-on-month figures for new listings 'to let', while properties 'let' during the period declined by 5%.
February's figures also show there was a drop in the level of activity when compared with the same month last year.
Looking at performance across the UK, all 12 regions recorded by the Property Activity Index reported declines in new listings 'to let' and only one region reported an increase in properties 'let'.
The largest decline in this month's Property Activity Index was recorded in Wales, where figures for new listings 'to let' fell to -34.5% and over a three-month rolling period -11.8%.
Looking back over the index's historical data we can see that the decline in activity is the region's largest on record for February.
Stephen Watson, managing director of Agency Express, commented: "The Property Activity Index historically shows us a slowdown in activity throughout February.
Poll: Looking at performance across the UK, are you surprise that all 12 regions recorded by the Property Activity Index reported declines in new listings 'to let'?


Colourwise Nursery, established in 1981, has long had a tradition of supplying quality plants and marketing them with premium quality in mind. The nursery produces flowering shrubs, ground covers, structural plants, succulents, and plants suitable for landscaping. Colourwise's core ranges include Colour Innovations ( perennials ), Lavender Blooms, Living Sculpture ( cordylines and grasses ), So Succulents and Incredible Edibles. Ask for them by name at your leading plant retailers.
Colourwise specializes in sourcing new and PBR varieties not only from Australia but also from Asia, The United States, South Africa and New Zealand. Colourwise has a broad customer base, supplying to all states in Australia except Western Australia due to quarantine regulations and restrictions.
The sales team at Colourwise, led by Cambell Turner, is backed by a knowledgeable and experienced production and distribution team headed up by Ben Stewart and Jeff Anderson. The whole team is dedicated to producing and maintaining the quality that has come to be expected of Colourwise. Colourwise is a wholesale only nursery and the Sales Team is happy to address your enquiries at any time. Colourwise Nursery is owned by the Thompson family with Malcolm and Penelope being actively involved in the operation and development of the Colourwise business. Their aim is to constantly improve the Colourwise product to best benefit the customer.
In 2016 the nursery moved to Peats Ridge on the NSW Central Coast. The pure water and nursery aspect has created a near perfect growing environment helping us to grow an even better plant for you, our customers.


Additional Prohibitions on Iran, Communication from the President.
Continuation of Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations, Communication from the President.
Continuation of Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations, Message from the President.
Continuation of Emergency with Respect to the Taliban, Communication from the President.
Continuation of Iran Emergency, Communication from the President.
Continuation of National Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations, Communication from the President.
Continuation of National Emergency with Iran, Communication from the President.
Continuation of National Emergency with Respect to Belarus, Message from the President.
Continuation of National Emergency with Respect to Iran, Message from the President.
Continuation of National Emergency with Respect to Lebanon, Message from the President.
Continuation of National Emergency with Respect to the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ("UNITA"), Message from the President.
Continuation of a National Emergency with Respect to the Export Administration Act of 1979, Communication from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency Regarding Export Control Regulations, Communication from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency Regarding Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency Relating to Cuba and of the Emergency Authority Relating to the Regulation of the Anchorage and Movement of Vessels, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency Relating to the Government of Cuba, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Belarus, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Certain Terrorist Attacks, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Cote d 'Ivoire, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Cuba, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Iran, Communication from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Iran, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Lebanon, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Libya, Communication from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Proliferation of WMD and Their Delivery Systems, Communication from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Significant Narcotics Traffickers Centered in Colombia, Communication from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Significant Narcotics Traffickers Centered in Colombia, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Weapons of Mass Destruction, Communication from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Weapons of Mass Destruction, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to Zimbabwe, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the Bosnian Serbs, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to the Russian Federation, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to the Situation in or Relating to the Democratic Republic of Congo, Message from the President.
Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to the Situation in or in Relation to Cote d 'Ivoire, Message from the President.
Continuing the National Emergency with Respect to the Situation in Iran, Message from the President.
Declaration of a National Emergency with Respect to Belarus, Message from the President.
Declaration of a National Emergency with Respect to Burma, Message from the President.
Declaration of a National Emergency with Respect to Cote d'Ivoire, Message from the President.
Declaration of a National Emergency with Respect to Lebanon, Message from the President.
Declaration of a National Emergency with Respect to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Message from the President.
Developments Concerning National Emergency with Narcotics Traffickers in Colombia, Communication from the President.
Developments Concerning National Emergency with Respect to Iraq, Communication from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to Angola, Communication from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to Angola, Message from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to Iran, Message from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to Libya, Communication from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to Libya, Message from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to Significant Narcotics Traffickers Centered in Colombia, Communication from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process, Communication from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the Bosnian Serbs, Communication from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to the Lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979, Communication from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to the Lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979, Message from the President.
Developments Concerning the National Emergency with Respect to the Proliferation of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons ("Weapons of Mass Destruction") and of the Means of Delivering Such Weapons, Message from the President.
Executive Order Clarifying Certain Executive Orders Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions, Message from the President.
Extension of Expiring Provisions of Law Relating to Personnel Management of the Armed Forces.


text:
Hrabovčík je obec na Slovensku v okrese Svidník, v Nízkých Beskydech v Ondavské vrchovině, u potoka Hrabovčík v povodí řeky Ondavy.

Historie
Hrabovčík je poprvé písemně zmíněn v roce 1548 jako Hrabochyk.V roce 1618 byla obec součástí panství Makovica. V 10. letech 18. století nastalo značné zpustošení kvůli útěku poddaných.

V roce 1787 měla obec 52 domů a 299 obyvatel, v roce 1828 zde bylo 63 domů a 475 obyvatel, kteří byli zaměstnáni mimo jiné jako sezónní dělníci na vinicích v jižních župách Uherského království. V 19. století vlastnil zdejší panství rod Erdődyů.

Do roku 1918 patřila obec k Uhersku a poté připadla Československu. V období první Československé republiky se mnoho obyvatel vystěhovalo; bylo zde rozšířeno košíkářství. Po 2. světové válce část obyvatel dojížděla za prací do průmyslových závodů ve Svidníku a Košicích.

Pamětihodnosti
Řeckokatolický kostel sv. Michala Archanděla, jednolodní klasicistní stavba z roku 1812 s půlkruhovým ukončením presbytáře a představenou věží. Úpravami prošel v roce 1969 a 1996 . Obnoven byl v letech 1999-2000 . Nachází se zde neoklasicistní ikonostas, hlavní a boční oltář z konce 19. století s prvky secese . Fasády jsou členěny lizénovými rámy a půlkruhově ukončenými okny. Věž s nárožním zaoblením je členěna průběžnými lizénami a ukončena korunní římsou a barokní helmicí s laternou.

Reference

.

Obce v okrese Svidník
Rusínské obce okresu Svidník

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^ Thompson, Clive (2008-10-20). "Build It. Share It. Profit. Can Open Source Hardware Work?". Wired 16 (11): 166–176. http://www.wired.com/techbiz/startups/magazine/16-11/ff_openmanufacturing 2009年4月30日閲覧。.
Sheepdog Software's Introduction to Arduino: "Getting Started" pages and sequenced programming tutorials, with help on hardware.
Arduino tutorial – in portuguese, but with source codes and videos.


picks up the narrative with the Beaver Valley crags, home to four prominent crags: Metcalfe Rock, Old Baldy, Devil's Glen, and The Swamp (the last three being predominantly sport climbing areas). The old guidebook provided inadequate information on Devil's Glen, and, of course, The Swamp had yet to be developed. For the first time, this book allows climbers to plan a weekend trip with clear access information, route descriptions and photos, so that they can make the most of the precious time away from loved ones. I often overhear: "I was thinking about Devil's Glen, but I'm not really sure where it is. The last time I was out at an Ontario crag, I spent half the time trying to find the first route I wanted to climb." Trees obscuring clear views, a Gordian knot of trails, and unmarked sideroads all contribute difficulties to Escarpment climbing.
With Vol. 2, this dread will end. Route descriptions are colourful, making for great ticklists or at least good bus-shelter reading. The guide gives you a sense of which trad routes you might consider, rather than just dismissing this form of climbing on the Northern Escarpment entirely. Newly-accessible areas come into their own. The level of photography (historic action photos of hardmen aside) is outstanding and makes you want to get in the car and head north, however much snow might be on the ground. Bugs, of course, are a different matter.


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That being said, it's highly likely that mobile operators are also going to see more customer churn, as smart people shop for better deals and consider alternative offers. T-Mobile seems to be in the most advantageous position as this trend unfolds, with Google Project Fi also potentially gaining market share.
Meanwhile, the smartphone market in North America should witness greater demand for affordable (significantly lower-cost) new devices. This trend will favor the rising Chinese smartphone vendors. In contrast, the vendor likely to be negatively impacted would be Apple, as more mainstream consumers question the benefits of owning a high-cost iPhone.
comScore released data from their latest report of the key trends within the U.S. smartphone industry for June 2015. Apple ranked as the top smartphone manufacturer with 44.1 percent OEM market share.
Meanwhile, Google Android led as the number one smartphone platform with 51.6 percent platform market share. Facebook continued to rank as the top individual smartphone application.
190.3 million people in the U.S. owned smartphones (76.7 percent mobile market penetration) during the three months ending in June. Apple ranked as the top OEM with 44.1 percent of U.S. smartphone subscribers (up 1.5 percentage points from March).
Samsung ranked second with 28.1 percent market share, followed by LG with 8.3 percent, Motorola with 4.9 percent and HTC with 3.4 percent.
Android ranked as the top smartphone platform in June with 51.6 percent market share, followed by Apple with 44.1 percent (up 1.5 percentage points from March), Microsoft with 2.9 percent, BlackBerry with 1.2 percent and Symbian with 0.1 percent.
Facebook ranked as the top smartphone software app, reaching 71.8 percent of the app audience, followed by YouTube (56.3 percent), Facebook Messenger (54.5 percent) and Google Search (50 percent).


text:
Q: How to get the ASP.NET Core 2.0 MVC Model Binder to bind complex types without FromBody attributes So in ASP.NET Core MVC they decided that I need to type [FromBody] in front of all my action parameters of complex types because of some legendary CSRF issue nobody seems to talk about. I find this quite absurd so is there a way to make ASP.NET Core MVC behave like the old WebAPI and not require [FromBody] everywhere and just bind everything that is JSON to the complex type parameters? It will be great if I can somehow choose the set of controllers it applies to like for example controllers which start with /api or controllers which are decorated with a specific attribute.

A: You could avoid using FromBody attribute for each complex action parameter by implementing custom model binding convention. The steps are following:

*

*Define the attribute which will indicate on controller level that all actions should use default binding from request body:
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, Inherited = false, AllowMultiple = false)]
public sealed class DefaultFromBodyAttribute : Attribute
{
}

*Add implementation of custom model binding convention:
public class DefaultFromBodyBindingConvention : IActionModelConvention
{
    public void Apply(ActionModel action)
    {
        if (action == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(action));
        }

        if (action.Controller.Attributes.Any(a => a is DefaultFromBodyAttribute))
        {
            foreach (var parameter in action.Parameters)
            {
                var paramType = parameter.ParameterInfo.ParameterType;
                var isSimpleType = paramType.IsPrimitive
                                    || paramType.IsEnum
                                    || paramType == typeof(string)
                                    || paramType == typeof(decimal);

                if (!isSimpleType)
                {
                    parameter.BindingInfo = parameter.BindingInfo ?? new BindingInfo();
                    parameter.BindingInfo.BindingSource = BindingSource.Body;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Implementation is pretty straightforward. We check whether controller is marked with required attribute, check whether action parameter is complex and if both conditions hit - we set binding source to BindingSource.Body. We should check whether the underlying action parameter type is complex, as we don't want int or string type to be bound from request body. I've borrowed condition for complex type recognition from this answer.
You could adjust the logic of this convention for your needs, e.g. if you want to check for controller routes instead of attributes or to have special conditions for specific types.

*Register the convention in Startup.ConfigureServices method:
services.AddMvc(options =>
{
    options.Conventions.Add(new DefaultFromBodyBindingConvention());
});

*Mark required controllers with the DefaultFromBody attribute:
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[DefaultFromBody]
public class SomeController : Controller

Now complex action parameters will be bound from body by default even if you don't specify FromBody attribute:
[HttpPost]
public void Post(SomeData value)
{
    // ...
}

Model conventions are invoked once during application startup (for every action), so you shouldn't be afraid of any performance penalties during request execution.

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1. Advance booking is required. Please make bookings at least 24 hours ahead.
3. Please make payment in CASH to the guide before the start of the walking tour.
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text:
American Historian Robert Remini Dies At 91
Published April 3, 2013 at 1:00 AM PDT
The American historian Robert Remini has died. He spent a lifetime exploring handwritten letters and other documents that illuminate the 19th century.
DAVID GREENE, HOST:
His books included one on Senator Henry Clay, best known for compromises that kept the nation from imploding over slavery.
PROFESSOR ROBERT REMINI: Compromise, you see, in the 19th century, meant something quite different; that you're willing to listen to the other side and try to work out your differences, and he was expert at that. And we need to get back, you know, to the idea that that's what compromise is.
GREENE: That's Remini with our colleague Michele Norris.
Now, in the years before his death at age 91, he also served as historian for the House of Representatives, assisting lawmakers who often cite history but may not always get it right.
But his greatest achievement remained his giant biography of Andrew Jackson.
INSKEEP: Robert Remini meant to write a single volume on Jackson, a general and president who killed a man in a duel, won the Battle of New Orleans, founded the Democratic Party, elbowed Indians off their land, and ended up on the $20 bill.
With such an eventful life to study, Remini's project got out of control. It grew to three volumes and almost became four before his editor stopped him. One of the volumes won a National Book Award.
And when a friend recently loaned me a set of the books for some research, they got so dog-eared that I really can't give them back.
INSKEEP: It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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text:
Kapisanan Ng Mga Manggagawa Sa La Suerte v Noriel
Enviado por cmv mendoza
reviewers's copyright to the authors.
salvarSalvar Kapisanan Ng Mga Manggagawa Sa La Suerte v Noriel para ler mais tarde
Collective Bargaining of Tea Company
2. LR Handouts 1.pdf
Cases Labor II
San Miguel Corporation v NLRC _marc9
Philippine Apparel Workers
Divine Word University of Tacloban Digest
D.1.d.1 G.R. No. L-46562 Vassar Industries Employees Union v Estrella
Lecture on Labor Rel.gmg.NEW1
Asignement Of Business Law
16 Nestle vs NLRC
Labor Cases (to Be Digested)
Honda Hr23221
Pierre 8 Arrastre vs. Rosgldan-confesor
Labor Relations Law 2017 Syllabus
IRO 2002
San Miguel Corporation Employees UnionPhil. Transport
syllabus.labor.review.2018.doc
Industrial Relations n Labour Laws
091 & 119-Culili v. Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc. G.R. No. 165381 February 9, 2011
/---!e-library! 6.0 Philippines Copyright 2000 by Sony Valdez---\ [1977V175] KAPISANAN NG MGA MANGGAGAWA SA LA SUERTE FOITAF, petitioner, vs.
. THE HONORABLE CARMELO C. NORIEL, in his capacity as Director of the Bureau of Labor Relations, All officers acting in his behalf and FEDERACION OF FREE WORKERS (FFW-LA SUERTE CHAPTER), respondents.1977 Jun 202nd DivisionG.R. No. L45475FERNANDO, J.: It is now settled rule that under the present Labor Code, 1 if lack of power or arbitrary or improvident exercise of authority be shown, thus giving rise to a jurisdictional question, this Court may, in appropriate certiorari proceedings, pass upon the validity of the decisions reached by officials or administrative agencies in labor controversies. So it was assumed in Maglasang v. Ople. 2 It was explicitly announced in San Miguel Corporation v. Secretary of Labor, 3 the opinion being penned by Justice Aquino. Accordingly, cases of that character continue to find a place in our docket. 4 The present suit is of that category. Petitioner labor union would impugn the holding of a certification election ordered by respondent Director of Bureau of Labor Relations, Carmelo C. Noriel,5 it being alleged that there was a failure to comply with the thirty percent requirement in the petition for certification and that it was filed after the sixty-day period provided for by law. In the comment of Acting Solicitor General Vicente V. Mendoza, treated as the answer, it was pointed out that the first objection was factual, the determination by respondent Noriel being entitled to respect and that the other was not supported by a reasonable interpretation of the sixty-day period being unduly restrictive and failing to carry out its basic purpose. The weakness of the petition is thus apparent. certiorari does not lie. The certification election must be held. The facts are undisputed. On February 6, 1976, private respondent Federation of Free Workers, La Suerte Chapter, filed a petition for certification election alleging that out of a bargaining unit of more or less 3,500, there were 1,068 signatories. The previous certified collective bargaining agreement between the employer La Suerte Cigar and Cigarette Factory and petitioner labor union terminated on December 5, 1975. There was, eleven days later, a motion to intervene filed by petitioner followed on March 1, 1976 by a motion to dismiss on the ground that respondent Union had not complied with the thirty percent consent requirement and that the petition for certification was filed beyond the sixty-day period to the expiration of the collective bargaining contract. When a few days later the employer submitted a list of the rank and file employees numbering 4,055, private respondent countered with an additional list of signatories, 331 in number, making a total of 1,399 signatories. Private respondent
thereafter opposed the motion to dismiss, stating that there was compliance With the thirty percent consent requirement and that the filing was within the period allowed by law. On April 6, 1976, MedArbiter Eusebio M. Jimenez issued an order denying the motion to dismiss and granting the petition for certification election filed by private respondent, the choice being between petitioner and respondent unions, with employees likewise being given the opportunity to vote for "No Union." An appeal was taken to respondent Noriel as Director of the Bureau of Labor Relations. Then came on October 23, 1976 an order from him, the dispositive portion of which is to the effect that the appeal was denied. A motion for reconsideration having proved futile, this petition for certiorari was filed. As stated at the outset, there is no showing of arbitrary or improvident exercise of authority to justify granting the writ of certiorari. The petition must be dismissed 1. The present Labor Code, as the former industrial Peace Act, rightfully stresses the importance of a certification election to ascertain which labor union should be the collective bargaining agent and thus assure the success of the collective bargaining procedure. This excerpt from the recent case of Philippine Association of Free Labor Unions v. Bureau of Labor Relations 6 finds pertinence: "Petitioner thus appears to be woefully lacking in awareness of the significance of a certification election for the collective bargaining process. It is the fairest and most effective way of determining which labor organization can truly represent the working force. It is a fundamental Postulate that the will of the majority, if given expression in an honest election with freedom on the part of the voters to make their choice, is controlling. No better device can assure the institution of industrial democracy with the two parties to a business enterprise, management and labor, establishing a regime of self-rule. As was pointed out by Chief Justice Castro in Rivera v. San Miguel Brewery Corporation, Inc., 'a collective bargaining agreement is the law of the plant., To the same effect is this explicit pronouncement in Mactan Workers Union v. Aboitiz: 'The terms and conditions of a collective bargaining contract- constitute the law between the parties.' What could be aptly stressed then, as was done in Compania Maritima v. Compania Maritima Labor Union, is 'the primacy to which the decision reached by the employees themselves is entitled.' Further, it was therein stated: 'That is in the soundest tradition of industrial democracy. For collective bargaining implies that instead of a unilateral imposition by management, the terms and conditions of employment should be the subject of negotiation between it and labor. Thus the two parties indispensable to the economy are supposed to take care of their respective interests.
Moreover, the very notion of industrial self-rule negates the assumption that what is good for either party should be left to the will of the other. On the contrary, there is an awareness that labor can be trusted to promote its welfare through the bargaining process. To it then must be left the choice of its agent for such purpose.' ... There is, it would appear, a decidedly unsympathetic approach by petitioner to the institution of collective bargaining at war with what has so often and so consistently decided by this Tribunal. 7 The above principle has been adhered to in subsequent decisions of this Court. 8 2. The objection of petitioner as to the alleged lack of the thirty percent requirement in the number of signatories according to the present Labor Code is without merit. 9 Private respondent, as noted in the comment, "filed the petition for certification supported by 1,068 signatories of the employees of the employer or more than 30% of the 3,500 rank and file employees of the employer. After the petition was filed, the employer however submitted a list of its regular rank and file employees with a total number of 4,055. Private respondent, in order to comply with the 30% consent requirement, submitted an additional list of 331 rank and file employees. Thus, the signatories totalled 1,399 or more than 30% of the 4,055 employees." 10 Even if, as contended by petitioner, there were among the signatories submitted 105 falsified or double entries and 7 came from those not qualified to vote or a total of 112, that would still leave 1,287 signatories or more than thirty percent of the 4,055 employees. 11 The matter is thus essentially factual in character, the determination by respondent Noriel being entitled to respect. 12 3. Any rate, as again noted in the comment, petitioner did miss the point that such a requirement of thirty percent of all the employees in the bargaining unit is relevant only when it becomes mandatory for respondent Noriel to conduct a certification election. So Article 258 explicitly provides. Petitioner ignored that respondent Noriel is likewise possessed of discretionary power whether or not a certification election should be held. In such a case, there is no such thirty percent requirement. So it was held in the above Philippine Association of Free Labor Unions decision. Thus: "Petitioner would minimize its failure to abide by what is settled law by invoking this provision in the New Labor Code: 'Any petition for certification election filed by any legitimate labor organization shall be supported by the written consent of at least 30% of all the employees in the bargaining unit. Upon receipt and verification of such petition, it shall be mandatory for the Bureau to conduct a certification election for the purpose of determining the representative of the employees in the appropriate bargaining unit and certify the winner as the exclusive collective bargaining representative of all the employees in the unit.' It cannot
change the outcome. It does not suffice to impress the petition with merit, ... Petitioner's contention to the effect that the 30% requirement should be satisfied suffers from an even graver flaw. If fails to distinguish between the right of a labor organization to be able to persuade 30% of the labor force to petition for a certification election, in which cage respondent Bureau is left with no choice but to order it, and the power of such governmental agency precisely entrusted with implementation of the collective bargaining process to determine, considering the likelihood that there may be several unions within a bargaining unit, to order such an election precisely for the purpose of ascertaining which of them shall be the exclusive collective bargaining representative. The decision of respondent Bureau of April 14, 1975 was intended for that purpose. To reiterate a thought already expressed, what could be more appropriate than such a procedure if the goal desired is to enable 'labor to determine which of the competing organizations should represent it for the purpose of a collective bargaining contract? 13 4. Nor was there any improvident or arbitrary exercise of authority when respondent Noriel ordered the certification election after the lapse of the sixty-day period provided for by law. The law cannot be any clearer. It argues against the pretension of petitioner. According to the Labor Code: "No certification election issue shall be entertained by the Bureau in any collective bargaining unit if a collective bargaining agreement exists between the employer and a legitimate labor organization, except within sixty (60) days prior to the expiration of the life of such certified collective bargaining agreement. 14 No other meaning can be attached to such provision, as applied to the present situation, except that the former collective bargaining agreement having expired on December 5, 1975, sixty days prior to that date, a petition for certification election could have been filed. It does not mean that after December 5, 1975, no such petition could be entertained by respondent Noriel, provided there was no certified collective bargaining agreement that had taken its place. It is undisputed that no subsequent certified collective contract was in existence at the time the petition for holding the certification election was filed by respondent union on February 6, 1976, There was no legal bar then to such a move. Moreover, the restrictive interpretation sought to be fastened on such a provision by petitioner would set at naught the basic objective of the Labor Code to institute a true system of industrial democracy, through the collective bargaining process with the representative of labor chosen after a free and honest certification election. This Court then is not prepared to accept the theory of petitioner, which is not only unsound in theory but pernicious in its consequences.
WHEREFORE, the petition for certiorari is dismissed. Respondent Noriel is directed to set the date for the holding of the certification election. This decision is immediately executory. Barredo, Antonio, Aquino and Fernandez, JJ., concur. Concepcion Jr., J., is on leave,
Footnotes 1 Presidential Decree No 442, as amended (1974). 2 L-38813, April 29, 1975, 63 SCRA 508. 3 L- 39195, May 16, 1975, 64 SCRA 56. 4 Cf-United Employees Union of Gelmart industries v. Noriel, L-40810, Oct. 3, 1975, 67 SCRA 267; Scott v. Inciong, L-38868, Dec. 29, 1975, 68 SCRA 473; Philippine Association of Free Labor Unions v. Bureau of Labor Relations, L-42115, Jan. 27, 1976, 69 SCRA 132; Mafinco Trading Corporation v. Ople, L-37790, March 25, 1976, 70 SCRA 139; Philippine Labor Alliance Council v. California Employees Labor Union, L-42155, May 31, 1976, 71 SCRA 214; Federacion Obrera v. Noriel, L-41937, July 6, 1976, 72 SCRA 24; Foamtex Labor Union v. Noriel, L-42359, Aug. 17, 1976, 72 SCRA 371; Philippine Association of Free labor Unions v. Bureau of Labor Relations, L-43760, Aug. 21, 1976, 72 SCRA 396Station DYRH v. Noriel, L-43731, Oct. 5, 1976, 73 SCRA 330; U.E. Automotive Employees v. Noriel, L-44350, Nov. 25, 1976; Philippine Labor Alliance v. Bureau of Labor Relations, L-41288, Jan. 31, 1977; Today's Knitting Free Workers Union v. Noriel, L-45057, Feb. 28, 1977; Benguet Exploration Miners Union v. Noriel, L-44110, March 29, 1977. 5 The private respondent is Federation of Free Workers (FFW La Suerte Chapter). 6 L-42115, January 27, 1976, 69 SCRA 132. 7 Ibid, 139-140. Rivera, L-26197, July 20, 1968, is reported in 24 SCRA 86; Mactan Workers Union, L-30241, June 30, 1972, in 45 SCRA 577; Compania Maritima, L-29504, Feb. 29, 1972, in 43 SCRA 464. Reference was made to fourteen cases starting from PLDT Employees Union v. PLDT Co., 97 Phil. 424 (1955) to Phil. Communications Workers Federation v. Court of Industrial Relations, L-34531, March 29, 1974, 56 SCRA 480.
8 Cf. Federacion Obrera v. Noriel, L-41937, July 6, 1976, 72 SCRA 24; U.E. Automotive Employees and Workers Union-Trade Unions of the Philippines and Allied Services v. Noriel, L-44350, Nov. 27, 1976; Philippine Labor Alliance Council v. Bureau of Labor Relations, L41288, Jan. 31, 1977; Today's Knitting Free Workers Union v. Noriel, L- 45057, Feb. 28, 1977; Benguet Exploration Miners' Union v. Noriel, L-44110, March 29, 1977. 9 Article 258 of the Labor Code reads as follows: "Requisites for certification election. Any petition for certification election filed by any legitimate labor organization shall be supported by the written consent of at least thirty percent (30%) of all the employees in the bargaining unit. Upon receipt and verification of such petition, it shall be mandatory for the Bureau to conduct a certification election for the purpose of determining the representative of the employees in the appropriate bargaining unit and certify the winner as the exclusive collective bargaining representative of all the employees in the unit. 10 Comment of Acting Solicitor General Vicente V. Mendoza, 6-7. 11 Cf. Ibid, 7. 12 Cf. Antipolo Highway Lines v. Inciong, L-38523, June 27, 1975, 64 SCRA 441; Jacqueline Industries v. National Labor Relations Commission, L-37034, Aug. 29,1975, 66 SCRA 397; Federacion Obrera v. Noriel, L-41937, July 1976, 72 SCRA 24. 13 69 SCRA 132. 140-141. 14 Article 257 of the Labor Code, 2nd par. \---!e-library! 6.0 Philippines Copyright 2000 by Sony Valdez---/ ([1977V175] KAPISANAN NG MGA MANGGAGAWA SA LA SUERTE FOITAF, petitioner, vs. THE HONORABLE CARMELO C. NORIEL, in his capacity as Director of the Bureau of Labor Relations, All officers acting in his behalf and FEDERACION OF FREE WORKERS (FFW-LA SUERTE CHAPTER), respondents., G.R. No. L-45475, 1977 Jun 20, 2nd Division)
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RENTAVOTER


I used the first runnings for my Russian Imperial Stout which I am predicting to be around 10% abv. I was going to cap off the mash (add grain) so the second runnings would make a beer about 1.050, but I had an issue and we will get to that later.
I almost had a disastrous moment as I emptied my entire strike volume into my mash tun. I was almost about to start doughing in the the grain when my brew angel started screaming "Shegogue... NOOOOO!" Quickly I realized why I could not proceed. I had forgotten to place my manifold in the mash tun! This could have been a horrific problem had it not been caught. I was able to runoff all the water back into my kettle, install the manifold and only lose about 15 minutes.
I collected my first runnings of 7 gallons of about 1.077 gravity and started my boil. I added 3 ounces of 15.8% AA Warrior hops to the kettle at 60 minutes and when about milling my additional 3lbs of grain for the second beer. I was using a great calculator from Brukaiser's website to approximate the gravity of my remaining runnings.
Unfortunately, as I was chilling down the wort from the Imperial Stout, my mash tun decided to fall over! Presenting hot stick wort ALL over the garage floor and my feet, ouch! I think I see a designated brewstand build in my future as that trash can clearly isn't cutting it. After salvaging what I could, and then cleaning up the mess, I was able to draw off about 3.5 gallons of 1.031 wort for a 2.5 gallon batch.
Anyways, it was about an 9 hour messy brew day. but I will get two different beers out of it, so well worth it. The two beers are happily fermenting in around 66 degrees with Safale S-05.