✪ Semantics ✪ Start Download Portable Document Format (PDF) and E-books (Electronic Books) Free Online Rating News  2016/2017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader.
☯ Full Synopsis : "The subject of semantics has been appropriated by various disciplines including linguistic philosophy, logic, cognitive psychology, anthropological linguistics, and computer technology. As a result, it is difficult to define the study of semantics as an actual discipline without discovering what each field using a semantic approach to its subject matter has contributed to the understanding of what words mean. This volume is a result of those discoveries. Primarily an introductory work, this volume outlines the approaches that various disciplines have taken to the subject, attempts to show their relationships and their limitations, and presents the more important aspects of each approach -- from psychosemantics to artificial intelligence -- using pertinent source material from psychology, philosophy, logic, linguistics, and sociology. For individuals coming to the study of semantics for the first time, or those who are interested in what the overall study may offer beyond their specialization, this volume will provide a helpful overview of the subject."Article| Robert A. Hipkiss| Statement ..."
☯ Full Synopsis : "Includes contributions by R.M.W. Dixon - A method of semantic description; K.L. Hale - A note on a Walbiri tradition of antonymy, both listed separetely in bibliography."Article| Danny D. Steinberg| Statement ..."
"Semantics and Syntax in Lexical Functional Grammar"
☯ Full Synopsis : "This introduction to and overview of the "glue" approach is the first book to bring together the research of the major contributors to the field."Article| Mary Dalrymple| Statement ..."
☯ Full Synopsis : "When the first edition of Semantics appeared in 1976, the developments in this aspect of language study were exciting interest not only among linguists, but among philosophers, psychologists and logicians. Professor Palmer's straightforward and comprehensive book was immediately welcomed as one of the best introductions to the subject. Interest in Semantics has been further stimulated recently by a number of significant, and often contriversial, theoretical advances; and the publication of this second edition has enabled Professor Palmer to bring his survey thoroughly up to date. There is also an important new chapter on 'Semantics and logic', showing clearly and simply the influence that logical models have had on the study of meaning. Professor Palmer always illustrates his argument with helpful examples, and his non-technical explanations will be readily intelligible to the interested layman as well as to beginning students of language and linguistics."Article| Frank Robert Palmer| Statement ..."
"Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar"
© Publishing by ➵ Walter de Gruyter ♠ Genre ➳ Generative grammar.
☯ Full Synopsis : ""Article| Noam Chomsky| Statement ..."
☯ Full Synopsis : "Volume 1 provides a general and comprehensive introduction to semantics, synthesizing work on meaning and communication from many disciplines and setting semantics in the larger framework of semiotics."Article| John Lyons| Statement ..."
"Semantics : Primes and Universals"
☯ Full Synopsis : "This book provides a synthesis of Wierzbicka's theory of meaning, which is based on conceptual primitives and semantic universals, using empirical findings from a wide range of languages. While addressed primarily to linguists, the book deals with highly topical and controversial issues of central importance to several disciplines, including anthropology, psychology, and philosophy. - ;Conceptual primitives and semantic universals are the cornerstones of a semantic theory which Anna Wierzbicka has been developing for many years. Semantics: Primes and Universals is a major synthesis of her work, presenting a full and systematic exposition of that theory in a non-technical and readable way. It delineates a full set of universal concepts, as they have emerged from large-scale investigations across a wide range of languages undertaken by the author and her colleagues. On the basis of empirical cross-linguistic studies it vindicates the old notion of the 'psychic unity of mankind', while at the same time offering a framework for the rigorous description of different languages and cultures. - ;A major synthesis of Anna Wierzbicka's work -"Article| Anna Wierzbicka| Statement ..."
"A Study of Telugu Semantics"
☯ Full Synopsis : ""Article| G. N. Reddy| Statement ..."
☯ Full Synopsis : "The third edition of this popular textbook provides an engaging and accessible introduction to semantics for students new to the field. Explores the basic concepts and methods of the field and discusses some of the most important contemporary lines of research Contains new solutions to chapter exercises in order to familiarize the student with the practice of semantic description Completely revised and updated to reflect recent theoretical developments Includes new sections on classifiers and noun classes, as well as conceptual integration"Article| John I. Saeed| Statement ..."
☯ Full Synopsis : ""The semantics of grammar" presents a radically semantic approach to syntax and morphology. It offers a methodology which makes it possible to demonstrate, on an empirical basis, that syntax is neither "autonomous" nor "arbitrary," but that it follows from "semantics." It is shown that every grammatical construction encodes a certain semantic structure, which can be revealed and rigorously stated, so that the meanings encoded in grammar can be compared in a precise and illuminating way, within one language and across language boundaries. The author develops a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals or near-universals (and, ultimately, on a system of universal semantic primitives), and shows that the same semantic metalanguage can be used for explicating lexical, grammatical and pragmatic aspects of language and thus offers a method for an integrated linguistic description based on semantic foundations. Analyzing data from a number of different languages (including English, Russian and Japanese) the author explores the notion of ethnosyntax and, via semantics, links syntax and morphology with culture. She attemps to demonstrate that the use of a semantic metalanguage based on lexical universals makes it possible to rephrase the Humboldt-Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in such a way that it can be tested and treated as a program for empirical research."Article| Anna Wierzbicka| Statement ..."


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text:
Q: Cordova Android SMS plugin does not fire success or error callbacks I am using the following plugin for Cordova with Android:
https://github.com/aharris88/phonegap-sms-plugin
I can validate that the SMS application opens and that a message is sent but the JS success or error callbacks are never fired.
The code is implemented as per the plugin so I cannot think why this is not working to trigger the callbacks.  I am using it with Cordova 2.9 although re-written for 3.0 the plugin is compatible with a few modifications as follows.
In the sms JAVA file I had to update the dependencies like so:
import org.apache.cordova.api.CallbackContext;
import org.apache.cordova.api.CordovaPlugin;
import org.apache.cordova.api.PluginResult;

In the JS file i removed the following line:
module.exports = sms;

And just hook onto the sms global variable for now which is working.
My JS to call the SMS function follows the same as in the example provided:
        var number = '123456789';
        var message = 'foo!';
        var intent = "INTENT"; //leave empty for sending sms using default intent
        var success = function() {
            $.magnificPopup.close();
        };
        var error = function(e) {
            alert('Message Failed:' + e);
        };
        sms.send(number, message, intent, success, error);

UPDATE
If I remove the INTENT then the SMS is fired with the default SMS application automatically and things work as expected.
However, is there a way to trigger a JS call back when the message is sent from the SMS application?

A: The updated version should resolve your issue.
https://github.com/aharris88/phonegap-sms-plugin

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This outstanding-quality green tea from the Chinese village of Dragon Well (Long Jing in local parlance) has a distinguished shape: Its leaves are broad and flat, a result of laborious drying. Dragon Well tea is refreshingly smooth, sweet and delicate, among the very best of Chinese greens. This is our most prized tea.


Tiger Tales: A Detroit Tigers Blog: Stars Defeat Monarchs on Inge Blast.
The Detroit Stars defeated the Kansas City Monarchs tonight on a dramatic 10th inning homer by Brandon Inge. It was a wild game which saw the Stars leading the whole way until Todd Jones allowed 2 runs in the top of the 9th to make it 8-8. In the bottom of the 10th frame, Sean Casey reached first with a one out base hit to center field. Then Brandon Inge followed with a line drive homer to left and was met by a mob scene at the plate. It was the second time this week that Inge won a game with a hit in extra innings. The other one was on Thursday versus the Twins.
Despite the final line of 5 runs in 5 2/3 innings, Justin Verlander actually had some great stuff tonight. A combination of some wicked movement and Pudge Rodriguez not doing a great job blocking the plate led to 3 wild pitches and a passed ball. At least 3 and perhaps 4 of the runs would not have scored if not for the wild pitches and passed ball.
The Tigers have been getting pretty solid relief performances from their patchwork bullpen in recent weeks but today it got a bit sloppy. Jason Grilli got them out of the 6th despite throwing another wild pitch. Macay McBride gave up another run in the 8th to make it 8-6. Todd Jones, then entered the game in the 9th and allowed 3 singles and 2 runs for his 5th blown save of the year. Jones receives a lot of criticism from Stars fans but he had been unscored upon in 9 previous appearances before tonight. Thankfully, Chad Durbin kept the game tied with a perfect 10th giving the Tigers the opportunity to win it in the bottom of the inning.
There were other hitting heroes besides Inge for the Stars tonight. Craig Monroe who had been slumping badly for about 2 months returned from a back problem today to get a double, a homer and 4 RBI. The homer was his first since June 1. Ryan Raburn hit his Major League homer leading off the first inning for the Stars and Placido Polanco added a solo shot in the 7th. Gary Sheffield had 3 hits on the night.
The series finale will take place tomorrow afternoon at 1:05 with Nate Robertson opposing Brian Bannister.
Stars, Lee. Not Kings, stars.
Wow, I'm a moron. I guess I was too tired last night. Thanks, I fixed it.


text:
Q: Sql Server transform a select row into multiple rows base on time values Please look the following query:
SELECT ID, START, END FROM TABLEA

the result is:
ID       START                      END
1        2012-06-07 19:32:00        2012-06-08 06:00:00
2        2012-06-08 06:00:00        NULL

But I want really a result like this:
START                      END
2012-06-07 19:32:00        2012-06-07 23:59:59
2012-06-08 00:00:00        NULL

The id no matters.
And look at this example:
 ID       START                      END
    1        2012-06-06 19:32:00        2012-06-08 06:00:00
    2        2012-06-08 06:00:00        NULL

It Must be:
        START                      END
        2012-06-06 19:32:00        2012-06-06 23:59:59
        2012-06-07 00:00:00        2012-06-07 23:59:59
        2012-06-08 00:00:00        NULL

The idea is to generate rows with the start and end values within the same day.
Thanks in advance.

A: The following solution does everything you want, all in SQL. It merges overlapping and contiguous timespans (including wholly-overlapping timespans) and also breaks out multi-day timespans by date using a calendar table.
declare @TimeSheetEntries table
    (
    ID int identity not null primary key,
    [Start] datetime not null,
    [End] datetime null
    );

declare @CalendarTable table
(
    CalDate datetime
)

DECLARE @CurDate datetime = '2000-01-01 00:00:00';

WHILE @CurDate <= '2020-12-31'
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO @CalendarTable
    SELECT @CurDate;

    SELECT @CurDate = DATEADD(day,1,@CurDate);
END

insert into @TimeSheetEntries
    (
    [Start],
    [End]
    )
select
    '2012-06-06 19:32:00',
    '2012-06-08 06:00:00'
union all select
    '2012-06-08 06:00:00',
    NULL
union all select
    '2012-06-08 02:00:00',
    '2012-06-08 03:00:00'
union all select
    '2012-01-01 14:09:00',
    '2012-01-01 17:30:00'
union all select
    '2012-01-01 18:30:00',
    '2012-01-01 19:30:00';

WITH ClockData AS
(
    SELECT ID, [Start], [End] AS EffectiveEnd, [Start] AS LastStart, 1 AS NumTimespans
    FROM @TimeSheetEntries ts
    WHERE NOT EXISTS
    (
        SELECT tsWhere.ID FROM @TimeSheetEntries tsWhere
        WHERE
            tsWhere.ID <> ts.ID -- don't match yourself!
            AND tsWhere.[Start] < ts.[Start]
            AND
            (
                -- Three types of things we don't want our outer SELECT to return
                -- 1) Completed timespans with another appointment's end date sitting inside;
                -- 2) Incomplete timespans (NULL ClockedOut) with another appointment's end date after ClockedIn
                -- 3) Any timespan wholly inside another one
                (ts.[End] IS NULL AND tsWhere.[End] >= ts.[Start]) OR
                (ts.[End] IS NOT NULL AND tsWhere.[End] BETWEEN ts.[Start] AND ts.[End]) OR
                (tswhere.[End] > ts.[End])
            )
    )

    UNION ALL

    SELECT cd.ID, cd.[Start], ts.[End] AS EffectiveClockout, ts.Start AS LastStart, cd.NumTimespans + 1 AS NumTimespans
    FROM @TimeSheetEntries ts
    INNER JOIN ClockData cd
            ON ts.[Start] BETWEEN cd.[Start] AND cd.EffectiveEnd AND ts.ID <> cd.ID
                AND (ts.[End] IS NULL OR ts.[End] > cd.EffectiveEnd)
),
MergedTimespans AS
(
    SELECT [ID], [Start], [EffectiveEnd], [LastStart]
    FROM ClockData cd
    WHERE NumTimespans = (SELECT MAX(NumTimespans) FROM ClockData WHERE ID = cd.ID)
)
SELECT
    CASE
        WHEN mt.Start > cal.CalDate
            THEN mt.Start
        ELSE cal.CalDate
    END AS [Start],
    CASE
        WHEN (mt.EffectiveEnd IS NOT NULL AND mt.EffectiveEnd >= DATEADD(day,1,cal.CalDate)) OR (mt.EffectiveEnd IS NULL AND cal.CalDate < CAST(mt.LastStart AS date)) THEN DATEADD(second, -1,DATEADD(day,1,cal.CalDate))
        ELSE mt.EffectiveEnd
    END AS [End]
FROM MergedTimespans mt
    INNER JOIN @CalendarTable cal
        ON (mt.EffectiveEnd IS NULL AND cal.CalDate BETWEEN CAST(mt.Start AS date) AND mt.LastStart) -- Handle NULL end dates
         OR (mt.EffectiveEnd IS NOT NULL AND cal.CalDate BETWEEN CAST(mt.Start AS date) AND mt.EffectiveEnd)
ORDER BY Start

A:  with       cte
      AS ( SELECT   MIN(START) AS MinStart ,
                    MAX(START) AS MaxStart
           FROM     TableA
           UNION ALL
           SELECT   DATEADD(DAY, 1, MinStart) ,
                    MaxStart
           FROM     cte
           WHERE    DATEADD(DAY, 1, MinStart) BETWEEN MinStart AND MaxStart
         )
SELECT  MinStart AS START ,
        DATEADD(millisecond, -3, FLOOR(CAST(MinStart AS FLOAT)) + 1) AS [End]
FROM    cte


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text:
Hans Wolfgang Stichel (* 18. November 1898 in Schöneberg; † 31. Januar 1968 in Berlin-Hermsdorf) war ein deutscher Zoologe und Entomologe.

Leben
Wolfgang Stichel war der Sohn des zoologisch stark interessierten Eisenbahn-Oberinspektors und Privatgelehrten Hans Stichel, der auch mehrere neue Schmetterlingsarten beschrieb. Wolfgang nahm am Ersten Weltkrieg teil und wurde verwundet. Sein Versehrtheitsgrad wurde auf 75 % festgelegt. Nach dem Studium promovierte Wolfgang Stichel 1923 in Berlin zum Dr. phil. mit einer Arbeit über die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen innerhalb einer Unterfamilie der Laufkäfer. 1924 war Stichel durch seine Studie über die schützenswerte Flora und Fauna der Pfaueninsel maßgeblich an der Einrichtung des gleichnamigen Naturschutzgebietes beteiligt. Ab 1926 war er Assistent und stellvertretender Leiter der Forschungsstelle für Pelztierkunde bei Heinrich Prell an der Forstlichen Hochschule zu Tharandt (Sachsen), 1927 Kustos der Reichs-Zentrale für Pelztier- und Rauchwaren-Forschung zu Leipzig sowie nebenamtlich Dozent für Zoologie an der Deutschen Kürschner-Schule zu Leipzig, Zuchtbuch- und Geschäftsführer des Silberfuchs- und Edelpelztier-Züchterverbandes in Leipzig und Berlin, seit 1. Februar 1939 wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter und Hauptgeschäftsführer des Deutschen Siedlerbundes (Sitz Berlin), Sachverständiger für Kleingartenbau, Kleintierzucht und Schädlingsbekämpfung sowie für Pelzgewinnung und Pelzaufbewahrung. Stichel war darüber hinaus Herausgeber und Verleger zoologischer Zeitschriften, so zum Beispiel seit 1923 Herausgeber und Schriftleiter der "Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie" und der "Neuen Beiträge zur systematischen Insektenkunde" sowie Verleger der "Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde" seit ihrer Gründung 1926 bis zur letzten Kriegsausgabe 1942.

Wolfgang Stichel denunzierte 1943 seinen Kollegen Walter Arndt wegen kritischer Äußerungen zum Dritten Reich beim Personalsachbearbeiter der Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt. Letzterer gab eine entsprechende Meldung an die Gestapo weiter. Trotz mehrerer Gnadengesuche weiterer Kollegen Arndts, unter anderem von Hanns von Lengerken, Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Oskar Heinroth, Katharina Heinroth und Hans Hass, wurde Walter Arndt am 11. Mai 1944 vom Volksgerichtshof verurteilt und am 26. Juni im Zuchthaus Brandenburg-Görden hingerichtet.

Das Schwurgericht Moabit verurteilte Stichel in diesem Zusammenhang am 22. September 1949 zu acht Jahren Zuchthaus und acht Jahren Ehrverlust wegen Verbrechens gegen die Menschlichkeit. Von der Zuchthausstrafe verbüßte er sechs Jahre und acht Monate. 1951 wurde zusätzlich von der Spruchkammer Berlin ein Sühneverfahren gegen Stichel eröffnet. In diesem Verfahren wurde er 1953 zu einer Sühnefrist von eineinhalb Jahren und zur Zahlung einer Geldstrafe in Höhe von 2.000 DM verurteilt. Eine Berufung dagegen wurde 1954 von der Berufungsspruchkammer abgelehnt. Nach Entlassung aus dem Zuchthaus veröffentlichte er von 1955 bis 1962 weiterhin Bücher über Wanzen, hauptsächlich im Selbstverlag. 1966 erschien die von ihm verfasste Broschüre: Till Eulenspiegel, der Eulenspiegelhof in Kneitlingen und die Familie Stichel (Teil 1 der Bausteine zur Chronik und Genealogie der Familien Stichel (Stickel)). Teil 2 erschien nach seinem Tod.

Wissenschaftliche Leistungen
Wolfgang Stichel ist insbesondere bekannt für seine umfangreichen Arbeiten an Wanzen. Zwischen 1925 und 1938 entstand sein Werk "Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Deutschen Wanzen". In den Jahren 1955 bis 1962 entstand Band II des Werkes über die Wanzen in Europa. Stichel verfasste 35 Aufsätze über Säugetiere, insbesondere Pelztiere, 50 Aufsätze über Insekten und 8 selbstständige Broschüren und Werke. Ferner arbeitete er an Meyers Lexikon, an Rohstoffe des Tierreichs und am Nomenclator generum et subgenerum mit.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher
Zoologe
Geboren 1898
Gestorben 1968
Mann

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text:
Bernhard Henry "Benno" Singer (28 February 1875 – 17 May 1934) was a Hungarian-born British entertainment administrator.

He was born in Budapest, and settled in London from the age of eleven. He was married twice, first to Evelyn Mary Davis, and later to Mella Marie Schmidt. Singer was responsible for the entertainment at the 1914 Jubilee Exhibition in Kristiania, Norway. He was a central person in the entertainment industry in Kristiania from 1914. He established and managed the revue stage Theatre Moderne in Kristiania from 1914 to 1925. The first revue staged on Theatre Moderne was Futt from 1915, which is remembered for August Schønemann's breakthrough as comedian. Singer also established and managed the Opera Comique from 1918 to 1921. He died in Dublin in 1934.

References

1875 births
1934 deaths
Hungarian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Entertainers from London
English expatriates in Norway
Impresarios


Due to high number of delegates attending registration of conference is closed now. We apologize for this. Please contact Dr. Abhishek Rathore ( a.rathore@cgiar.org ) for more details.
ISAS70 is offering special registration fee for delegates from Developing Countries (DC) and students from all over world. For a list of qualifying Developing Countries (DC) please click here. Registration fee will include 1) Access to all Scientific Sessions, 2) Conference Kit and 3) Morning & Afternoon Tea/Coffee & Meals.
For any assistance please email us at isas70conf@gmail.com. For offline registration please download registration form.
If cancellation is processed before October 31, 2016 a processing charges of 20% will be deducted. However after October 31, 2016 one will not be eligible for any refund.


The Intercity, Travel Agency edition was devoted to the existence of temporariness. We made an object – an island, a collage spatial form which was a symbolic model of Migingo Island in Lake Victoria. This was also a pretext for the collage to literally step out into the space. The temporary object corresponded with the plan of creating an exhibition based on found material, which would be at the same time the main element of the display. The model as impermanent architecture, an organically growing city or a quasi-city, a vivid, dynamic structure that undergoes constant transformation and symbolises the temporariness and fragility fo life. The object was built from layers of carton, tropical fruit packaging etc. and was something between an experimental, architectural model and temporary buildings. The work was supposed to refer directly to the temporary, cheap architecture such as favela – expanding districts of poverty on the outskirts of large cities.


How to delete Skype account Permanently 2018: Sooner or later every person asks himself: how to delete skype account permanently? The reasons can be varied, mostly trying to delete old accounts so that no one confuses a new page with the old ones. I want to immediately note that there is no special button or other possibilities to delete. There are only certain tricks, and an official request to Skype, which can remove the entry.
First of all, let's consider the official request. This option may not work, because to delete an account you need only serious reasons that you specify, if something does not like, your account will not be deleted. But, we all still consider how to make a request in a phased manner.
Then you will see two options: "write a message", and "chat with customer support" – here we choose the second.
Your application will be subject to review, you will be able to find out the result on it in about two weeks.
The option cannot be called 100%, many are simply denied removal, this is related to the policy of skype on confidential information.
There is also a certain trick, related to the question of how to delete Skype account. As you understand, with the help of a special button we will not remove anything. However, we were left with the opportunity to erase all personal data and make the account null. So no one else can find your record, and you can safely forget about it.
If you have the "Automatic refill" option in the settings, you just need to uncheck it. If the account has money left, we write again to the support service, they will transfer your money to the right page without any problems.
Of all your data, you can not delete your date of birth, but it can be replaced by any other. If you submitted an application in Skype for the addition, it can not be deleted, it can only be done by the person who received it.
After you delete all your data you can do it and so that this account is nowhere to be found and does not pop up.
When you open the article, you can read it for the sake of interest, but we need to scroll to the bottom of the page and find the support button. Usually, it is highlighted in blue.
Throughout the month you will be removed from the directory.
When you have done this, your page will completely disappear. However, for users you already added, the page will be displayed. It will be lost only if you can complete the first part of our instructions.


Jack plays a mix of Rock and Roll from Bob Dylan to Van Morrison and everything in between.
He creates a great vibe wherever he plays, and we are very excited to have him back!
You can also see Jack in the SD based Rock & Roll band Horseplay, or check them out on Spotify.


text:
Intelligence Led Enforcement Training - Training of Trainers
This training course was conducted from the 27th to the 29th of February 2020 at the Traffic Police Training Institute, Saeedabad, Karachi, and had the following learning objectives for the participants:
Read Full Home Page
1. Understanding of the national, regional and global strategic context of the current road safety situation.
2. Identifying the key data required for evidence based road safety enforcement planning, implementation, and evaluation.
3. Understanding the importance of intelligence led and data driven road safety enforcement.
Consultations in Sindh
Members of the TA team meeting in Karachi on 4 December 2019 with Ghulam Abbas Detho, Secretary, Mass Transit and Transport. Useful discussions in relation to the draft model Road Safety Act covered a range of issues, including the integration of vehicle registration processes and safety concerns relating to large vehicles and passenger transport vehicles.
Consultations in Punjab
Consultation with Provincial Government agencies in relation to the draft model Road Safety Act is continuing. In early December 2019 team members met with senior officials of Punjab Province. The photographs show consultation meetings with Asad Rehman Gilani (Secretary Transport Department/Chairman Punjab Provincial Transport Authority) and members of his team, and with Wajiullah Kundi (Secretary, Excise and Taxation) and members of his team.
Consultations in AJK & Balochistan
Wide-ranging discussions with Provincial Government officials covered many issues of national and local importance.
In AJK team members met with Mr. Chaudhry Bashir, Secretary Transport Authority (first photograph) and Mr. Fayyaz Ali Abbasi, Secretary, Transport Department/Senior Member Board of Revenue (second photograph). Issues discussed included the particular road conditions in AJK and the difficulties of enforcement created by the topography of the Province.
The Ministry of Communications is leading the development of a new Model Road Safety Act for Pakistan. If adopted by Federal, Province and Territory Governments, it will modernise the road safety laws of Pakistan and harmonise federal and provincial law, replacing the 55 year laws currently still in force in many areas. The key issues that the model law will address include driver licensing, vehicle registration, commercial road transport regulation, law enforcement, road administration and post-crash response.
New road laws for Pakistan
Road laws are important for road safety. They set out the rules which everyone must comply with, for the benefit for all road users. Serious offences must be accompanied by strong penalties. We must ensure that drivers have the skills and knowledge necessary for safe driving, and that the vehicles they use are safe. Many other issues are dealt with in road laws, such as regulation of the road transport industry.
Federal Secretary Communications Furqan Bahadur Khan addressing the 3rd meeting of National Steering Committee on development of Road Safety Plan in NHA, Islamabad.
The 3rd National Steering Committee for 'Development of Road Safety Plan for National Highways & Motorways of Pakistan' on 10 April 2018 at the head office of the National Highway Authority (NHA) in Islamabad to deliberate on decisions to improve road safety on all roads across the country.
NTU's road safety team has held a five-day training course in road safety engineering. The training was provided for specialists of the National Highway Authority (NHA), National Highways & Motorways Police (NH&MP) and the Capital Development Authority (CDA) of Islamabad, and took place from the 20th-24th of November. The NTU led Road Safety Technical Assistance to Pakistan, administered by the Asian Development Bank, and financed by the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom delivered the training course.
A consultation workshop underscores the importance of a national road safety strategy and plan.
A national consultation workshop "Towards an Effective Partnership for Safer Road Travel" held on 10 May 2017 highlighted the importance of effective implementation of a comprehensive National Road Safety Strategy and Plan. The consultation organised by the Ministry of Communication, Government of Pakistan as part of the $15.4 million project under the Pakistan Economic Corridors Programme (PECP) administered by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
LAHORE: An international road safety delegation from the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Italy visited the Rescue 1122 Headquarters on Thursday and reviewed road safety legislation and action plan for establishment of the Punjab Road Safety Authority. The delegation was accompanied by Hameed Akhtar, Director Roads Federal Ministry of Communications, Pakistan.
International road safety experts visit Rescue 1122 Headquarters.
LAHORE: An international road safety delegation from the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Italy visited the Rescue 1122 Headquarters on Thursday and reviewed road safety legislation and action plan for establishment of the Punjab Road Safety Authority.
The members of the delegation included team leader and road safety policy specialist Lance Trevor Fogg, deputy team leader Khushal Khan, vehicle safety and post crash specialist Tony Bowis, road safety engineering specialist Edoardo Mazzia, road safety campaign specialist Stoiciu Andrei and local campaign specialist Muhammad Shahid. The delegation was accompanied by Federal Ministry of Communications Director (Roads) Hameed Ullah.
Int'l Road Safety Delegation Visits Rescue 1122 Headquarters.
LAHORE, (Pakistan Point News - 18th May, 2017 ): An international road safety delegation from the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Italy on Thursday visited Rescue 1122 Headquarters and met Director General Punjab Emergency Service & Punjab Road Safety Authority Dr Rizwan Naseer. The members of the delegation included Lance Trevor Fogg, Team Leader and Road Safety Policy Specialist, Khushal Khan, Deputy Team Leader, Tony Bowis, Vehicle Safety & Post Crash Specialist, Edoardo Mazzia, Road Safety Engineering Specialist, Stoiciu Andrei, Road Safety Campaign Specialist and Muhammad Shahid, Local Campaign Specialist.
Punjab Road Safety Authority to arrive soon
LAHORE: The government of Pakistan has the potential to deliver in every sector and hopefully Punjab will establish its first Road Safety Authority this year. This was stated by road safety policy specialist from the United Kingdom, Lance Trevor Fogg, on Thursday. He, along with an international road safety delegation from the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Italy, visited Rescue 1122 headquarters.

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About WN
A learn-learn situation for Scott
June 24, 2011 By Paul Mayne
While not from the world of academe, W. Iain Scott knows leadership is about appointing good people around you. Preparing to begin a five-year term as dean of the Faculty of Law this September, he is confident such guidance is already a part of the university structure.
Scott, who recently retired from an eight-year term as the first-ever chair and chief executive officer of one of Canada's largest law firms, McCarthy Tétrault LLP, succeeds Ian Holloway, who will complete his second five-year term as dean this summer.
A graduate of Yale and Queen's University, Scott specialized in commercial law from 1979 to 2002, developing an expertise in a financial restructuring and reorganization practice, acting for debtors, creditors and strategic investors involved in the forest products, manufacturing, financial services, and telecom sectors.
During his tenure as chair and CEO, Scott appointed and led a senior leadership team to oversee development of the firm's strategic plan which focused on building the strengths of McCarthy Tétrault's 600-plus lawyers and implementing a team-oriented approach to delivering exceptional legal services to the firm's national client base.
Western News reporter Paul Mayne sat down with Scott discuss his new role at the university.
So how long have you been retired from McCarthy Tétrault?
I had two four-year terms and I knew when I was appointed for my second renewal that I was going to be out of a job after that. So it was 2009 that I finished, but as a condition of my renewal term the firm wanted me to stay on for one more year to help with the transition. So, essentially I was at the firm through 2010 and resigned Jan. 1 of this year.
Were the plans to actually stay retired or were you looking for another opportunity?
Definitely not the retirement world. My options were I could have stayed with the firm; I didn't have to leave the firm, I just had to leave management. I could have returned to practice, but in my prior job as CEO it was also a condition of my accepting that role that I give up my practice. When my former employer adopted this new governance structure they wanted a CEO committed fully to the management of the firm and not also their practice.
For one who never contemplated the world of academe before, how was the process leading up to your hiring?
As I said to the committee, I did not have academe or any position like this on my list of possible things I was looking at quite frankly, because typically institutions like Western and others appoint from within the faculty or from faculties of like-minded institutions.
They asked it and I asked it – I didn't want to come into a position where I wouldn't be capable of making the contributions I know you need to make at an institution like Western. Like my former job, leadership is about appointing good people around you. I don't know of any leader who can do it all on their own and so if you have the right team around you, you achieve what you need to achieve.
In my case, and this is already contemplated by the existing structure, there are two associate dean roles – one on the academic side and one of the research and graduate studies side – where I know there are strong faculty members currently in the roles that will be able to round off the gaps in my experience. While that's an issue (academic experience), I think it's manageable and ultimately both Western and I concluded that it is manageable. I know I'll have support from people to help me through that and many of the faculty have already reached out to me with that support.
Could your background and experience in the area in law in some way bring new benefits to this role?
I will certainly bring an understanding of the practice and what clients expect from lawyers, if we just talk about the area of practice when the students graduate. I also bring a perspective on what firms, both in the U.S. and around the world, are doing and how Canadian lawyers and law firms are playing on those fields – or aren't.
I think there is an opportunity for Canadian law graduates to have a role in the continuing globalization of the practice of law, but partly it's going to start with the education and the experience they get, and part is obviously going to turn on the firms they end up working at.
The other aspect is that many lawyers that graduate don't always – and I'm proof of this – practice forever. There are other things lawyers are well trained to do. It's more about the educational experience, and the critical thinking and how you approach problems.
With perhaps a larger learning curve than most, coming into academe for the first time, do you see this as a learn-learn situation?
Once you get to my age, the minute you stop trying to learn and prove your game, you're just going to get left behind. In this world, as you know, it's very competitive and you want to surround yourself with smart people who are ambitious. That was key to me and Western filled that bill. You want to be at a great name and an institution with a great brand, and Western has that. These are aspects that ticked two of my key boxes, being smart people and good brand, and I get a chance to learn and hopefully impart some of my knowledge and experience to those around me.
At what point did you start to think the role of Western Law dean would be a good fit for you?
My dad always said 'never close doors behind you' and so when I got the call, even though my initial reactions was 'you got the wrong Iain Scott,' I said 'you know what, I'm going to go and listen.' I had a number of meeting with Janice Deakin (provost and vice-president, academic), who was very helpful and very committed to a successful outcome. Whether it was me or whoever, she did a great job running the process.
I listened to her and some of the other people on the selection committee and I began to actually see both the challenge and the opportunity, and I like challenge. I've done a lot of things over the last 30 years both in practice and in leadership, so I don't shy away from challenges. And so the more I thought about it, particularly the juncture that Western is now taking with Amit (Chakma) as president and Janice, there is a real focus on 'we're going to do better than we've been doing and we're all going to work together to achieve great things for the institution' and that appeals to me. It is very fortuitous timing. I'm about results and focus and I think we can do that, both for the broader Western community and hopefully raise the game at the law school.
While you don't begin your new role until September, have you thought ahead as to a strategic plan for the faculty and where you would like to see Western Law go in the years ahead?
The details of that will take some time. I do intend to spend a fair bit of time over the summer meeting with people and getting as much information in order to hit the ground running. I think, at a higher level, there are a couple things. One is the international focus, understanding which of the relations the law school has with quite a number of educational institutions around the world; and how that marries up with the curriculum needs of both the school and the students, being sure we have and are growing the right external relations so the students who want those broader experiences can get them. I think that's an area where it corresponds with the broader strategic direction of the university, but also can be more focus on the law school side.
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Remember 30: The École Polytechnique Massacre
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Ghazal Nourian: Absence of 'a great presence'
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Sajedeh Saraeian: Woman of 'a thousand hopes'
Hadis Hayatdavoudi: 'Like losing a family member'
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Results tagged ' Pat Burrell '
Phinally
For the first time in 15 years, the Philadelphia Phillies are in the World Series, and if you don't believe it, watch this:
When Carlos Ruiz squeezed that final out in Dodger Stadium last night, the Phils had beaten the Dodgers, 5-1, in Game 5, and locked up the National League pennant for the first time since 1993, when they lost a true Fall Classic to the Toronto Blue Jays.
Whoever the Phillies end up playing will have a lot to deal with: Jimmy Rollins showed how dangerous he can be last night, setting the tone for Game 5 with a leadoff homer.
And with NL Championship Series MVP Cole Hamels set to start Game 1 of the World Series, the American League team will have its hands full right away, just like the Dodgers did Wednesday night.
Then there's the Phillies offense, with table-setters Rollins and Shane Victorino and the heart of the powerful order, with Chase Utley, Pat Burrell and Ryan Howard. Oh, and then there's Brad Lidge, the closer who hasn't blown a save all year.
In other words, a lot to think about for the AL manager once he gets his team to where the Phillies are right now.
How do you think the Phillies stack up against the Rays or Red Sox? And will the Rays wrap it up tonight in Boston?
Tell me.
Tags: ALCS, Carlos Ruiz, Chase Utley, Cole Hamels, Dodgers, Jimmy Rollins, NLCS, October Gonzo, Pat Burrell, Phillies, Postseason, Rays, Red Sox, Ryan Howard, Shanen Victorino, World Series
NLCS drama, Take 1
One game down in the Championship Series round and one incredibly dramatic finish already in the books. I wonder if they'll all be like that. Probably, right?
PHILLIES 3, DODGERS 2
Just when you thought the Dodgers had Game 1 of the National League Championship Series all sewn up in a nice blue bow, the home team made some noise. You absolutely knew there would be some homers rocketing out of tiny Citizens Bank Park, and the locals didn't disappoint, with Chase Utley and Pat Burrell doing enough damage to hold serve.
http://freevideocoding.com/flvplayer.swf?file=http://mediadownloads.mlb.com/mlbam/2008/10/09/mlbtv_lanphi_1422144_800K.flv&autoStart=false
The tone was set with great pitching — Derek Lowe and Cole Hamels locked up in a classic October duel — and great defense. And then Brad Lidge continued his perfect season, nailing down another save.
What will happen tonight in St. Pete? Will it be the Rays or Red Sox getting it started on the right foot in the American League Championship Series?
I want to hear your thoughts about anything and everything related to the Championship Series.
Tags: ALCS, Chase Utley, Derek Lowe, Dodgers, NLCS, October Gonzo, Pat Burrell, Phillies, Postseason, Rays, Red Sox


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OGC seeks public comment on proposal to revise Indexed 3D Scene
Posted in CartoNews
OGC seeks public comment on proposal to revise Indexed 3D Scene Layers (I3S) Community Standard
I3S is used to stream 3D geospatial content of any size to mobile, web and desktop clients.
14 January 2021: The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) seeks public comment on the proposal for a revision to the OGC Indexed 3D Scene Layers (I3S) Community Standard. The proposed revision is defined in the I3S Version 1.2 Community Standard Work Item Justification[1] document. Comments are due by February 15, 2021.
I3S enables the streaming and storage of arbitrarily large amounts of 3D geographic data. An I3S dataset, referred to as a Scene Layer, can consist of millions of discrete 3D objects with attributes, integrated surface meshes, symbolized points, or billions of point cloud data covering vast geographic areas. Designed for performance and scalability, a scene layer enables the efficient encoding and transmission of various types of geospatial content for an interactive visualization experience on web browsers, mobile, and desktop apps for both offline and online access. A Scene Layer can be accessed in the form of a web service or Scene Layer Package (SLPK) – a file-based exchange format.
I3S is web and cloud friendly and is rooted...
Release of Free Magnetic Declination Diagram Service
St. Paul, Minnesota, January 14, 2021 – SharedGeo is pleased to announce it has created an open source solution to a longstanding cartographic problem by creating a free web service to generate a magnetic declination diagram.
In cartography, a declination diagram is used to provide a graphic representation of the variations between true north, grid north, and magnetic north on a map. True north is the center of the earth's rotation. Grid north is the orientation of the map projection coordinate system. Magnetic north is the point at which the earth's magnetic field points vertically downward in the northern hemisphere; a compass north needle points to this location. Magnetic north changes over time due to changes in the magnetic field of the core of the Earth. A declination helps a map user make adjustments in bearings when using a compass and a map for navigation.
Although many utilities exist for calculating the declination angles, creating a suitable declination diagram manually can be tedious, especially when creating a map series that spans a large area. This is because the declination diagram will be unique to each map, representing the differences between the three norths at the center of the map at a specific point in time. However, the SharedGeo web service creates a declination diagram automatically,...
Nationwide Survey Finds Utilities Lack the Analytics Needed to
Out of 100 utilities surveyed in an NV5 Geospatial study, only one-third are using locational data and 3D modeling to assist with evaluating asset health, preventing outages and managing vegetation.
HOLLYWOOD, Fla., Jan.14, 2021 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- NV5 Geospatial,[1] powered by Quantum Spatial, North America's largest geospatial data firm, today announced results of a recent survey showing that most utility companies are not taking advantage of advanced data and analytics to improve resilience and mitigate risk. The " Geospatial Analytics, Resilience and Extreme Weather Readiness[2]" survey of more than 100 utilities from across the United States revealed that even though almost all utilities have wildfire and storm mitigation strategies in place, only about one-third are using locational data and 3D modeling to assist with evaluating asset health, preventing outages and managing vegetation.
"In 2020 alone, 30 named Atlantic storms caused almost $40 billion in damages, while California experienced a record drought that resulted in rolling blackouts and spawned five of the six largest wildfires in history. These unpredictable challenges are difficult for utilities to manage, as are more predictable problems, such as vegetation growth around critical infrastructure. ," said Eric Merten, vice president and general manager, Commercial Markets at NV5 Geospatial. "Advanced data and analytics offer a proven way to improve risk mitigation and build...
Benefits of Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems
Satellite-Based augmentation system (SBAS) services provide capabilities to improve location data for global positioning system (GPS) devices.
The post Benefits of Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems appeared first on GIS Lounge.
Read more https://www.gislounge.com/benefits-of-satellite-based-augmentation-systems/
HERE spearheads private mapping offering empowering enterprises
HERE spearheads private mapping offering empowering enterprises to build custom maps
Unique mapping-as-a-service offering targeted at enterprises wanting to create differentiation and improve operational efficiency
Of particular benefit to T&L industry players wanting to build custom maps at scale
CES 2021 - HERE Technologies, the leading location data and technology platform, today announced the introduction of a unique mapping-as-a-service offering. The HERE private mapping offering is targeted at enterprises wanting to create differentiation and reduce operational costs through building, maintaining, and using unique map datasets for advanced analytics and services. The offering is enabled by advanced platform functionality coupled with industry-leading map creation, processing and delivery capabilities.
Available now, bundled as part of a professional services engagement, the first private mapping use cases relate to industrial yard mapping, leveraging probe data from private fleets of vehicles in order to create and update the map. Progressively through 2021, the aim is to enable enterprises to bring their own map data onto the HERE location platform and use it in combination with HERE map data and services which will increasingly be available as a self-serve experience. Enterprises will have the option to do this autonomously or can co-develop with the HERE professional services team, who provide a wide portfolio of globally scalable mapping-related services, to define a...
HERE Technologies makes EV driving a more seamless, personalized
EV Routing delivers the most optimal route including charging time
Trips and charging stops can be planned to take into account both static and dynamic data
CES 2021 – Range anxiety is a key concern for many drivers. Therefore, ensuring easy and fast access to chargepoints is essential to persuading drivers to switch to EV vehicles. At the same time, many players in the ride-hailing industry have pledged to electrify their whole fleets and some countries have committed to banning sales of conventional petrol and diesel engine cars. With that in mind, HERE Technologies is unveiling a new EV Routing feature to optimize both private and commercial electric vehicle routing while minimizing the number of charging stops and reducing battery charging times, based on the vehicle's consumption model.
EV Routing takes into account topography, road geometry, real time traffic information and traffic patterns while planning trips. It can be synced to the consumption model of the vehicle and can be adjusted to different driving styles, loads or weather conditions. EV Routing is a feature of a routing API built on top of HERE map and is included in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) products. It also leverages HERE EV Charge Points[1], a database that includes vehicle...
Red Cat partners with Skypersonic Completes Long Distance Drone
Pilot located in Orlando, Florida controls drone flying in Detroit, Michigan
ORLANDO, Fla., Jan. 11, 2021 — (PRNewswire) — Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (OTCQB:RCAT[1]) ("Red Cat" or the "Company"), a leading brand in the drone industry, announced that Fat Shark, a wholly owned subsidiary, had partnered with Skypersonic, the manufacturer of the Skycopter UAV, to complete a long distance drone flight remotely. The flight consisted of a pilot, located in Orlando, Florida, controlling a drone flying in Detroit, Michigan. The flight integrated Fat Shark's new digital technology, "Shark Byte" with Skypersonic's Skycopter and remote pilot software system. The pilot's flight instructions to the drone were transmitted through Skypersonic's servers located in Italy. The companies believe this represents the first commercial completion of a remote flight similar to how drones are used by military forces.
"The ability to control the flight of a drone from thousands of miles away should accelerate the commercial adoption of drone technology, expand the number of business services that can be provided by drones, and lower travel and training costs for companies deploying drones." stated Jeff Thompson, CEO of Red Cat. "The combination of our recently launched Shark Byte digital system and Skypersonic's patent pending software platform provides video resolution that will enable pilots to navigate more safely and execute commercial...
NV5 Geospatial Gains Momentum in Canada with Series of
Projects Include Largest Survey of Major Waterways in Montreal and Extensive Aerial Imagery Surveys of Rail Corridors in Northern Alberta
HOLLYWOOD, Fla., Jan. 11, 2021 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- NV5 Geospatial[1], powered by Quantum Spatial, North America's largest geospatial data firm, has dramatically expanded its Canadian operations in 2020, having been selected to provide lidar, aerial imagery and geospatial analytics for projects that span five provinces. Most recently, NV5 Geospatial won and began acquiring data for the largest riverine topobathymetric lidar project, spanning over 900 linear kilometers (nearly 560 miles) of 28 principal watercourses for the Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal (the Montréal Metropolitan Community).
"Canada presents a significant growth opportunity for the company," said Mark Abatto, president and COO, NV5 Geospatial. "With several successful Canadian projects under our belt, we look forward to bringing our proven expertise and experience in new disciplines, including topobathymetric lidar, thermal mapping and analytics, for use in transportation, utilities, emergency management, forestry, construction and other key applications."
The topobathymetric lidar survey in Montreal is just one of the several projects NV5 Geospatial has undertaken during the past year. Others include:
- Airborne topobathymetric lidar survey of the Chaudière, Petit-Saguenay, Saint-Jean, Batiscan and Sainte-Anne rivers for XEOS Imaging Inc. The data is destined to be used by the Quebec Ministry of Energy and
Placekey, the new standard identifier for physical locations
Placekey, the new standard identifier for physical locations embraced by the world's largest organizations, is now available for Snowflake
DENVER, Jan. 11, 2021 — (PRNewswire) — Placekey,[1] the universal standard identifier for physical places that launched in October with the backing of over 500 organizations, today announced an integration with Snowflake, the Data Cloud company, with launch of itsSnowflake External Function[2] as part of a larger goal to make Placekey's identifier available to a wider audience.
Placekey helps us increase flexibility and lower costs for prospective clients. -Zora Senat, VP Partnerships at Infutor
With this new integration, Snowflake[3] clients can now leverage Placekey's free and open physical places identification standard. Through the Snowflake External Function, the Placekey API will be accessible to Snowflake users without ever needing to leave Snowflake's platform.
This new addition to the growing list of Placekey third-party integrations[4] will help organizations derive insights by joining location-related datasets easily, while solving problems like address matching, POI normalization, deduplication, and entity resolution. This extension allows easy access to Placekeys by using database queries to interact with location data in Snowflake's Data Cloud - the global data network that enables organizations to easily unify, integrate, analyze, and share data from Snowflake's platform. Placekey's universality means it finds use...
GISCafe.com: Videos - GISCafe Bunker Broadcast : Brad Burgess,
OGC seeks public comment on new CityJSON Community Standard
GISCafe Voice Industry Predictions for 2021 – Part 1
Hub for Free Remote Sensing Materials


The Columbus Division of Fire offers multiple courses to the general public in CPR, AED, and First Aid.
• All classes require pre-registration.
• Please Arrive 15 minutes prior to the scheduled start time of class.
• Eighteen students maximum, for each class.
• Upon successful completion of the course participants are awarded a certification card.
• All classes are subject to cancellation.


It's that time of month again where we share our handy tips and tricks on how to create cute craft projects. This month we're taking a look at what you can create for the home and we have come up with this super easy tutorial on how to create a unique bowl out of buttons.
Firstly, you will need to take one balloon and blow it up to the size you want your bowl to be as you will create your bowl shape using the curve of the balloon.
Hold the balloon at the end with the knot and take your paint brush, dip it into your glue and cover the other end and sides (to the point where you want the bowl to end) in glue.
Let the glue dry completely, to do this place the knot end of the balloon in a cup or can to balance the balloon.
When the first layer is completely dry, apply a second coat of glue using your brush. Start at the top of the balloon and work your way down toward the knot. Attach buttons to this layer as close together as you can fit them.
When you are finished attaching all of your desired buttons turn your button covered balloon upside down in your cup or can so that the knot is in the air and the buttons are balanced on the cup.
When the second layer of glue and buttons is completely dry you will need to coat the buttons again with a third layer of glue.
When your bowl is completely dry use yours scissors to cut the knot on the balloon to slowly let the air out. Use your scissor to snip any unwanted glue bits away from the button edge and there you go, your very own button bowl!


This searchable database contains detailed reviews of measures utilized in the field of child traumatic stress, designed to allow comparison across measures. Users can access comprehensive clinical and research information to determine whether a measure is appropriate for a specific individual or group, while considering factors such as the purpose of the assessment, age, cultural and linguistic group, and trauma type. Tools reviewed include those that measure children's experiences of trauma, their reactions to it, and other mental health and trauma-related issues. The NCTSN is not able to provide free copies of all measures, nor do we include links for free inspection copies; contact information to inquire about or obtain the measure is listed within the review when it is available.
This database includes reviews of tools that measure children's experiences of trauma, their reactions to it, and other mental health and trauma-related issues.
The goal of the NCTSN Measures Review Database is to provide easy access to comprehensive clinical and research information to determine whether a measure is appropriate.


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Blog: Brain Boot Camp or Mindset Mastery
by kerminator
1912 Eighth Grade Test
** It is odd that, " What you would learn in the Eighth Grade " in the early 1900's would put most present day college students to shame! **
Date: 5/9/2014 7:57:29 PM ( 9 y ) ... viewed 1491 times
** How would you do taking this test in the Eighth grade?
1912 Eighth Grade Examination for Bullitt County Schools - Answers
The museum staff has put together the following answer sheet for the 1912 examination displayed on another page. As we noted on that page, the test focused on some things that were more relevant at that time than now, and it should not be used to compare student knowledge then and now.
Spelling, Reading, and Writing
Note that the spelling list contains a word that was incorrectly typeset: "eneeavor" should be "endeavor." We do not know what was required for reading and writing.
Question #1: Write in words the following:
.5764 = five thousand seven hundred sixty-four ten-thousandths;
.000003 = three millionths;
.123416 = one hundred twenty-three thousand four hundred (and) sixteen millionths;
653.0965 = six hundred fifty-three and nine hundred sixty-five ten-thousandths;
43.37 = forty-three and thirty-seven one-hundredths.
Question #2: Solve: 35.7 plus 4, 5.8 plus 5.14 - 59.112.
35.7 + 4 = 39.7
5.8 + 5.14 - 59.112 = -48.172
Question #3: Find cost at 12½ cents per sq. yd. of kalsomining the walls of a room 20 ft. long, 16 ft. wide and 9 ft. high, deducting 1 door 8 ft. by 4 ft 6 in. and 2 windows 5 ft. by 3 ft. 6 in. each.
The two long walls are 20' by 9' or 180 square feet each. The other two walls are 16' by 9' or 144 square feet each. The door space to be deducted is 8' by 4.5' or 36 square feet. The two window spaces to be deducted are 5' by 3.5' or 17.5 square feet each. Thus we have (180 × 2) + (144 × 2) - 36 - (17.5 × 2) which reduces to 360 + 288 - 36 - 35 or 648 - 71 = 577 square feet. Since a square yard = 9 square feet, we divide 577 by 9 and get 64.1 square yards. At 12.5 cents per square yard, the cost will be $8.01, rounded to the nearest cent.
By the way, "kalsomining" is whitewash, a calcium-based cheaper paint. A quote: "Too rich for whitewash, too poor for paint".
Question #4: A man bought a farm for $2400 and sold it for $2700. What percent did he gain?
$2700 - $2400 = $300. Divide the increase by the original amount, or 300 ÷ 2400 = .125 or 12.5%
Question #5: A man sold a watch for $180 and lost 16⅔%. What was the cost of the watch?
Assuming that "a/c" means percent, the solution is to divide the sale price of $180 by .833 [100% - 16.67% = 83.3% or .833]. Thus 180 ÷ .833 = 216.086 or $216.09 rounded to the nearest cent.
Alternately, if the student recognized that 16⅔% is ⅙ then $180 is ⅚ of the original price. Thus the original price was $180 divided by ⅚, which is exactly $216.00. No rounding is necessary.
Question #6: Find the amount of $50.30 for 3 yrs., 3 mo. and 3 days, at 8 percent.
Assuming that the question is asking for a total of the principal plus interest earned over the stated time period, the answer will be $63.41 using principal × rate × time.) with 3 years, 3 months, 3 days = 3.258 years. $50.30 × .08 × 3.258 = $13.11 interest.
Question #7: A school enrolled 120 pupils and the number of boys was two thirds of the number of girls. How many of each sex were enrolled?
Since the number of boys equals ⅔ of the number of girls, or B = ⅔G [or .67G], we can write the equation as 1.67G = 120. Divide both sides of the equation by 1.67 and the equation becomes G = 120 ÷ 1.67 which equals 71.856 which rounds to the whole number of 72. Since there are 72 girls, 120 - 72 = 48 boys.
Alternately, using just fractions, B = ⅔G and B + G = 120, we get (5/3)G = 120. Staying in fractions, we can multiple both sides of the equation by 3, giving 5G = 360, or G = 72, from which we can determine that B = 48. Rounding to whole numbers thus becomes unnecessary.
Question #8: How long a rope is required to reach from the top of a building 40 ft. high, to the ground 30 ft. from the base of the building?
The answer is 50 feet. Use the Pythagorean theorem (a2 + b2 = c2). Also, we have been reminded by Craig Siefkas of the rule for right triangles called the 3-4-5 rule. He said, "If you have a right triangle with one side being 3 units long, one side 4 units long, then the third and longest side will be 5 units long. In this case the unit is 10 feet. The reason this is such an important rule to many is that when you are building a barn, shed, or house, you must 'square' the building. Typically a farmer or carpenter's longest tape will be 50 feet long, so you run one wall out 30 feet, the second wall out 40 feet, and the building will be square when the distance between them is 50 feet. Of course, if you wish you can use 'units' of 5 feet, or 15 feet × 20 feet × 25 feet; or units of 3 feet giving you 9 feet × 12 feet × 15 feet; or any other length 'unit' you desire. Many a building has been squared up using this rule, with no knowledge of the Pythagorean Theorem." Thanks Craig.
Question #9: How many steps 2 ft. 4 in. each will a man take in walking 2¼ miles?
Assuming the question is saying 2¼ miles, 5280 feet (in a mile) times 2¼ miles = 11,880 feet. Divide that by the size of step (2⅓ feet) = 5,092 steps.
Question #10: At $1.62½ a cord, what will be the cost of a pile of wood 24 ft. long, 4 ft. wide and 6 ft. 3 in. high?
$7.62. A simple volume problem. One cord at 4 × 4 × 8 feet = 128 cubic feet. 24 × 4 × 6¼ = 600 cubic feet. Divide cord volume into measured volume; times $1.62½. (Interesting to note that a cord of wood was $1.62½ in 1912. What does it sell for today?)
Question #1: How many parts of speech are there? Define each.
Traditionally (and almost certainly in 1912) there were eight grammatical parts of speech identified this way (taken from Wikipedia)
Noun: any abstract or concrete entity; a person (police officer, Michael), place (coastline, London), thing (necktie, television), idea (happiness), or quality (bravery)
Pronoun: any substitute for a noun or noun phrase
Adjective: any qualifier of a noun
Verb: any action (walk), occurrence (happen), or state of being (be)
Adverb: any qualifier of an adjective, verb, clause, sentence, or other adverb
Preposition: any establisher of relation and syntactic context
Conjunction: any syntactic connector
Interjection: any emotional greeting (or "exclamation")
Other more recent sources separate the articles (a, an, the) as a part of speech, and drop the interjection. For example see the Purdue site.
"Most grammarians recognize eight parts of speech in classifying all the words in the language which are used in connected discourse. Some grammarians exclude the interjection from the list of parts of speech; others separate the articles (the, a, an) from the adjective division; and others classify the expletive as a full part of speech. ... School grammars generally recognize the traditional eight parts of speech." Taken from page 16 of Descriptive English Grammar by Homer C. House and Susan Emolyn Harmon; Second Edition; Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1950.
Question #2: Define proper noun; common noun. Name the properties of a noun.
A proper noun is the name of a specific person, place, or thing (such as "Tuesday").
A common noun refers to a person, place, or thing in a general sense (The "town" is not far away.)
The properties of a noun include...
1. Gender (masculine or feminine)
2. Number (singular, plural)
3. Person (first, second, or third)
4. Case (subject, object, or construct-possessive)
Question #3: What is a Personal Pronoun? Decline I.
A personal pronoun is a pronoun that refers to a particular person, group, or thing. The following chart is copied from Wikipedia.
Personal pronouns in standard Modern English
Singular Plural
Subject Object Possessive determiner Possessive pronoun Reflexive Subject Object Possessive determiner Possessive pronoun Reflexive
First I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves
Second you your yours yourself you your yours yourselves
Third Masculine he him his himself they them their theirs themselves
Feminine she her hers herself
Neuter it its - itself
"English personal pronouns have three inflections related to the purpose they serve in a sentence or phrase: nominative, accusative (objective), and possessive. For the first person singular, these are I, me, and mine, respectively." For more details, see this site.
Question #4: What properties have verbs? The properties of verbs are person, number, tense, voice, and mood.
Question #5: "William struck James." Change the Voice of the verb.
"William struck James." is in active voice. Passive voice would be "James was struck by William."
Question #6: Adjectives have how many Degrees of Comparison? Compare good; wise, beautiful. Adjectives have three degrees of comparison.
positive comparative superlative
good better best
wise wiser wisest
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
Question #7: Diagram: The Lord loveth a cheerful giver.
Question #8: Parse all the words in the following sentences:
"John ran over the bridge."
John is a proper noun used as the subject of the sentence.
Ran is an intransitive verb and forms the simple predicate of the sentence.
Over the bridge is a prepositional phrase that modifies the verb and answers the question Where did John run?
Over is the preposition; bridge is the object of the preposition, and the is an article adjective indicating which bridge.
"Helen's parents love her."
Parents is a common noun used as the subject of the sentence.
Helen's is a possessive noun used to identify the parents.
Love is a transitive verb and forms the simple predicate of the sentence.
Her is an objective pronoun used as the direct object of the verb's action.
Question #1: Define longitude and latitude.
Longitude and latitude are the imaginary lines that divide the Earth into measurable horizontal and vertical lines. Latitude lines are measured from the equator to the poles. Longitude lines extend from the north to south poles and are measured east and west from the prime meridian to the International Date Line.
Question #2: Name and give the boundaries of the five zones.
1. North Frigid Zone, north of the Arctic Circle; 2: North Temperate Zone, between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer; 3. Torrid Zone, between the Tropical Circles; 4. South Temperate Zone, between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle; 5. South Frigid Zone, south of the Antarctic Circle.
Question #3: Tell what you know of the Gulf Stream.
The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico parallel with the US coast toward Newfoundland, Canada, and then continues across the Atlantic Ocean toward northwestern Europe as the North Atlantic Drift.
For Question #5
Map courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin.
Question #4: Locate Erie Canal; what waters does it connect, and why is it important?
The Erie Canal is a waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. It was the first transportation system between the eastern seaboard (New York City) and the western interior (Great Lakes, Chicago) of the United States that did not require portage.
Question #5. Locate the following countries which border each other: Turkey [Ottoman Empire], Greece, Servia [Serbia today], Montenegro, Roumania [early spelling of Romania]. These are all in south-central Europe. See the map to the right.
Question #6: Name and give the capitals of States touching the Ohio River.
Kentucky (Frankfort); Ohio (Columbus); Indiana (Indianapolis); West Virginia (Charleston); Pennsylvania (Harrisburg); Illinois (Springfield).
Question #7: Locate these cities: Mobile, Quebec, Buenos Aires, Liverpool, Honolulu.
Mobile (Alabama); Quebec (Canada); Buenos Aires (Argentina); Liverpool (England); Honolulu (Hawaii).
Question #8: Name in order of their size three largest States in the United States.
Texas, California, Montana (at the time of the test; Alaska had not been made a state yet).
Question #9: Locate the following mountains: Blue Ridge, Himalaya, Andes, Alps, Wasatch.
Blue Ridge (eastern U.S. from Georgia to Pennsylvania), Himalaya (Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau), Andes (western South America extending from north to south through Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina), Alps (alpine countries in central Europe), Wasatch (Utah).
Question #10: Through what waters would a vessel pass in going from England through the Suez Canal to Manila?
A ship going from England to Manilla by way of the Suez Canal would pass through (perhaps) the English Channel, the North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay (possibly), Strait of Gibraltar, Mediterranean Sea, Suez Canal, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden/Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Gulf of Thailand (may have been called Gulf of Siam at that time), South China Sea.
Question #1: How does the liver compare in size with other glands in the human body? Where is it located? What does it secrete?
The liver is the largest gland in the body. It lies below the diaphragm in the abdominal-pelvic region of the abdomen. It secretes bile.
Question #2: Name the organs of circulation. The likely intent of this questions was to determine the elements of the human cardiovascular system which include the heart, lungs, and blood vessels.
Question #3: Describe the heart. The heart is the vital organ of the body that pumps the blood. It is about the size of a fist. The four sections of the human heart are the left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, and right ventricle.
Question #4: Compare arteries and veins as to function. Where is the blood carried to be purified?
Arteries distribute oxygenated blood throughout the body, while veins carry de-oxygenated blood to the heart. The liver and kidneys purify the blood. Note: H.L. King of Lexington KY points out that "arteries channel blood away from the heart, veins channel it toward the heart. The key is to note that the pulmonary artery channels oxygen-depleted blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. It then returns, oxygenated, to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins."
Question #5: Where is the chief nervous center of the body? The body's chief nervous center includes first the brain and then the spinal cord.
Question #6: Define Cerebrum; Cerebellum. The Cerebellum, located just above the brain stem, controls balance, equilibrium and fine movement coordination. The Cerebrum is located in the front portion of the forebrain, and determines intelligence, personality, interpretation of sensory impulses and motor function. It also helps with planning and organization as well as touch sensation.
Question #7: What are the functions (or uses) of the spinal column? The spinal column supports the body and provides protection for the spinal cord.
Question #8: Why should we study Physiology? We should study physiology so that we can better understand our body and how to better take care of it, as well as understand the functioning of other creatures. A good understanding of physiology (how the body works) is the basis of all medicine. Without knowing how the body works, how it is made up and how it can go wrong, we cannot even begin to design effective treatments and interventions, including surgery or new pharmaceutical drugs.
Question #9: Give at least five rules to be observed in maintaining good health. Eat right, exercise, get proper sleep, drink plenty of water, maintain proper hygiene (other answers possible).
Civil Government
Question #1: Define the following forms of government: Democracy, Limit Monarchy, Absolute Monarchy, Republic. Give examples of each.
While a "pure" democracy includes all of its people making all of its decisions as a group, as a practical matter this will not work except in quite small groups. Most countries that claim to be democracies normally have a representative form of government, as does our own nation which is better defined as a republic. A modern definition of democracy, taken from the "Democracy Building" web site is a "form of government, where a constitution guarantees basic personal and political rights, fair and free elections, and independent courts of law." It is quite likely that the expected example in 1912 was the United States itself.
(We understand that some have objected to our selection of the United States as the likely answer to this question, and we accept that it may be better classified as a republic, a representative democracy, or something similar. However, since there did not exist a single nation in 1912 that could be considered a pure democracy, we can't think of a better answer. If you disagree, you are welcome to do so. Please keep in mind that we do not have the original answers, and this page represents our best effort to provide answers.)
Limited or constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the guidelines of a constitution. The likely answer in 1912 would have been Great Britain.
In an absolute monarchy, the monarch wields unrestricted political power over the sovereign state and its people. Until 1905 the Tsars of Russia governed as absolute monarchs. Another possible example might have been Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Prussia.
A republic is a government where the head of state is not a monarch. Leadership positions are directly or indirectly elected or appointed rather than inherited. In 1912 an example might have been the Republic of France.
Question #2: To what four governments are students in school subjected? As citizens of the United States, the Commonwealth of Kentucky, the county of Bullitt, and the local school system, these students would be subject to the jurisdiction of the local school board, and the county, state, and federal governments.
Question #3: Name five county officers, and the principal duties of each.
The students may have been required to identify the current officers by name, but we will assume they were to identify them by office.
The county judge in 1912 served both as an executive head of county government and as a judicial judge. He was also a member of the county fiscal court, the legislative body of the county.
Magistrates served as members of the fiscal court, and also had minor judicial duties.
The sheriff and his deputies were responsible for enforcing the law within the county.
The county court clerk had multiple duties including serving as the county court's clerk and clerk of the fiscal court. He was also responsible for maintaining county records including deeds, marriage records, and wills.
The county jailer was responsible for overseeing the incarceration of prisoners.
Question #4: Name and define the three branches of the government of the United States.
The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative branch includes the Congress (Senate and House of Representatives) which is responsible for the passage of all federal laws as outlined in the Constitution. The executive branch includes the president and vice president along with the various executive cabinets. The president is the head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. He has the responsibility of negotiating treaties, and appointing cabinet members with the concurrence of the Senate. The judicial branch is responsible for interpretation of laws, and in determining the outcome of civil and criminal cases. It is headed by the Supreme Court.
Question # 5: Give three duties of the President. What is meant by the veto power?
The president is constitutionally obligated to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed." He appoints ambassadors, member of his Cabinet, and federal judges with the advice and consent of the Senate. He directs foreign policy and is commander in chief of the armed forces. He has the power of the veto whereby all bills passed by Congress must be presented to him. He may sign the bill, allowing it to become law; he may veto it and return it to Congress with his objections; or he may take no action. If he vetoes the bill, Congress may override his veto by voting two-thirds majority approval. If he takes no action for ten working days, and Congress is still in session, then the bill becomes law without his signature. However if Congress has adjourned, the bill does not become law. This is commonly known as a pocket veto.
Question #6: Name three rights given Congress by the Constitution and two rights denied Congress.
Only Congress can dec1are war. Only Congress can impeach (House), try (Senate), and remove office holders, including the President and Supreme Court Justices from office. Only Congress can raise and lower taxes.
Congress can not pass a law that turns an act into a crime after the act was committed; accept a title of nobility; suspend writ of habeas corpus (except under special circumstances); pass a Bill of Attainder (which means they can't punish anyone or group without a trial); tax any goods exported from any state; and Congress cannot vote themselves a pay raise during their current term in office.
(Note that this answer is not exactly correct for 1912. Constitutional amendments changed the Congressional powers over the years.)
Question #7: In the election of a president and vice-president, how many electoral votes is each State allowed?
Each state receives a number of presidential electors in the electoral college equal to the number of congressional districts in that state (which varies by state population, but is never less than one) plus the number of senators (always two). At the time of this test, Kentucky had 13 electoral votes out of 531 electoral votes nationwide. Today Kentucky has 8 electoral votes out of 538 nationwide.
Question #8: Give the eligibility of president, vice-president and Governor of Kentucky.
The president and vice-president of the United States must be a natural born citizen of the United States, be at least thirty-five years old, and have been a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years. The governor of Kentucky must be at least thirty years of age and have resided in the state for at least six years preceding the general election; and never fought a duel.
Question #9. What is a copyright? Patent right? Copyright is a legal concept, enacted by most governments, giving the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time. A patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention.
Question #10: Describe the manner in which the president and vice-president of the United States are elected.
The president and vice-president are selected by a group of electors known as the electoral college. Each state is granted a number of electors equal to the number of its members of the United States Congress (Senate and House of Representatives). To be elected, the president and vice-president, running as a team, must receive a majority of the electoral votes. If no one receives a majority, then the members of the House of Representatives sellect the president. Each state receives one vote, with its representatives voting as a bloc.
Although there is no legal requirement to do so, a state's electors almost always cast their ballots according to how the state's citizens voted in the general election.
Question #1. Who first discovered the following places: Florida, Pacific Ocean, Mississippi River, St. Lawrence River?
Juan Ponce de León made the first European expedition to Florida, which he named. Vasco Núñez de Balboa is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean. Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto became the first recorded European to reach the Mississippi River. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River.
These are likely the expected answers on the 1912 test. Although Native Americans were present in these places before the arrival of the Europeans, the names of their people who first visited these sites are lost in the mists of time.
Question #2: Sketch briefly Sir Walter Raleigh, Peter Stuyvesant. Sir Walter Raleigh was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy, and explorer. He is also well known for popularizing tobacco in England. In 1594, Raleigh heard of a "City of Gold" in South America and sailed to find it without success. For various reasons, he was executed in 1618.
Peter Stuyvesant served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City.
Question #3: By whom were the following settled: Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Florida?
In November 1732 the ship Anne sailed from Britain carrying 114 colonists, including General James Oglethorpe, who settled at what became Savannah, Georgia.
Maryland was first settled by mainly Roman Catholic families led by the Calvert family as a place where they could freely practice their faith.
The first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, established their settlement at Plymouth in 1620.
In 1636, Roger Williams, after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views, settled at the tip of Narragansett Bay, on land that would become Rhode Island. A number of non-Puritan colonists as well as those that believed in religious freedom joined him.
Florida has had a long history of immigration, including French and Spanish settlement during the 16th century, as well as entry of new Native American groups migrating from elsewhere in the South. Florida was under colonial rule by Spain and Great Britain during the 18th and 19th centuries before becoming a territory in 1822 of the United States.
Question #4: During what wars were the following battles fought: Brandywine, Great Meadows, Lundy's Lane, Antietam, Buena Vista?
The Battle of Brandywine was fought between the American army of Major General George Washington and the British army of General Sir William Howe on September 11, 1777 during the Revolutionary War.
The Battle of Fort Necessity, or the Battle of the Great Meadows took place on July 3, 1754 in Pennsylvania. The engagement was one of the first battles of the French and Indian War and George Washington's only military surrender.
The Battle of Lundy's Lane (also known as the Battle of Niagara Falls) was a battle of the War of 1812, which took place on 25 July 1814, in present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario.
The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was fought on Wednesday, September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, and was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on unlon soil.
The Battle of Buena Vista, on February 23, 1847, saw the United States Army use artillery to repulse the much larger Mexican army in the Mexican-American War.
Question #5: Describe the battle of Quebec. The Battle of Quebec was fought on December 31, 1775 between American Continental Army forces and the British defenders of the city of Quebec, early in the American Revolutionary War. The battle was the first major defeat of the war for the Americans, and it came at a high price. General Richard Montgomery was killed, Benedict Arnold was wounded, and Daniel Morgan and more than 400 men were taken prisoner.
Question #6: Give the cause of the War of 1812, and name an important battle fought during that war.
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions due to Britain's ongoing war with France, and the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy. One major battle was the Battle of Baltimore, during which the words to the National Anthem were penned.
Question #7: Name 2 presidents who have died in office; three who were assassinated.
Three Presidents who were assassinated (by the time of this 1912 test) were Lincoln, McKinley, & Garfield. Presidents who died in office (but not assassinated) were William Henry Harrison, and Zachary Taylor.
Question #8: Name the last battle of the Civil War; War of 1812; French and Indian War, and the commanders in each battle.
Civil War: Battle of Columbus, Georgia on 16 Apr 1865; commanders were unlon General James H. Wilson and Confederate Major General Howell Cobb. [See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Columbus_(1865)]
We are aware that a battle took place in Texas (Battle of Palmito Ranch) on May 12–13, 1865, shortly after the end of the American Civil War; but it occurred after Johnston's surrender to Sherman (April 26, 1865) and after the Confederacy dissolved on May 5.
War of 1812: By date, the last battle was in February 1815 at Fort Bowyer, Alabama in which a British force of at least 3000 attacked a smaller American force of fewer than 400 led by fort commander William Lawrence who surrendered on 11 Feb 1815. ** However the generally recognized last major important battle of the war was the Battle of New Orleans Jan. 1815 {which was with Gen. Andrew Jackson leading the Americans and Gen. Edward Pakenham {who was killed during the battle} commanding the British.
French and Indian War: Battle of Signal Hill on 15 Sep 1762 with British forces led by William Amherst and French forces led by Guillaume de Bellecombe.
[See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Signal_Hill]
Question #9: What president was impeached, and on what charge? Andrew Johnson (who succeeded Lincoln) for violating the "Tenure of Office Act", when he sought to remove his Secretary of War without Senate approval. Republicans were mad at him for being lenient to the South.
Question #10: Who invented the following: magneto, telegraph, cotton gin, sewing machine, telephone, phonograph?
Magneto - Faraday; telegraph - Samuel Morse; cotton gin - Eli Whitney; sewing machine - generally, Elias Howe, though disputed; telephone - Alexander Graham Bell; phonograph - Thomas Alva Edison.
We have received a number of requests for hard copies of the test and our answers. If you prefer to obtain them this way, you may purchase them from the museum by printing the form located at this link, and mailing the form and a check for $10.00 made out to the Bullitt County History Museum to the following address:
Bullitt County History Museum
Shepherdsville, Kentucky 40165
Did you notice any real changes in our education system?
How would you rank the difference between then and now?
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