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Tag Archives: boundary
Corpography in No-Man's Land | Re-inhabiting No-Man's Land.
From its first entrance into the English language, designating a mass burial site for 14th century victims of the Black Death, no-man's lands exhibit an often violent encounter between bodies and the materiality of the earth. So much so, that a distinction is no longer possible.
In his 1922 essay The Battle as Inner Experience, Ernst Jünger describes how the Fronterlebnis – life on the edges of no-man's land – dissolves the boundary between body and space, transforming the soldier into an integral part of a frontline ecology: "There, the individual is like a raging storm, the tossing sea and the rearing thunder. He has melted into everything"
The experience Jünger describes is not just a traumatic subjection of the body to mechanised war, but, as Jeffrey Herf notes, an almost erotic rebirth and transfiguration of men into a new, improved community of the trenches that will lead the creation of "new forms filled with blood and power [that] will be packed with a hard fist". Rather than resort to nostalgia for a pastoral pre-industrialised era, in the no-man's land Jünger discovers a landscape where body, machine and soil are fused to form "magnificent and merciless spectacles".
In Svetlana Alexievich's remarkable book of testimonies from Chernobyl, the wife of one of the firemen who was exposed to extreme levels of radiation described the bio-chamber in which he was placed during his hospitalization in Moscow, and the extensive quarantine measures that isolated the man from the medical staff. To complete his dehumanisation, one nurse referred to the dying man as "a radioactive object with a strong density of poisoning.[…] That's not a person anymore, that's a nuclear reactor". The radical unmaking of the human body to the extent that it is no longer distinguished from the original space of disaster, echoes the violent dissolution of distinctions between body and space that constituted the disastrous corpographies of WWI.
This entry was posted in Main and tagged borders, boundary, chernobyl, chernobyl exclusion zone, e 18, ernst junger, law, no-man's-land, space, trenches, urbanism, violence, war, world war i, wwi on 07/08/14 by russi4nblue.
Exploring No-Man's-Land in the 21st Century — War is Boring — Medium.
Barrier walls in the Palestinian territories in 2004. Lisa Nessan/Flickr photo
Following the end of World War I, Europe's intellectuals tried to understand and explain what everyone just went through. They also tried to grapple with the reality of industrialized warfare and the no-man's-lands it created.
Blasted, blown up and raked by machine gun fire. The no-man's-land was a place that people couldn't go without risking death.
Some thinkers on the political left saw no-man's-land as symbolic of the destruction of Europe's dying, traditional political order. However, intellectuals on the right saw the battlefield as a place where young men could be reborn into the fascist shock troops of Weimar Germany.
The fixed trenches of World War I are long gone. But the no-man's-land never really went away, according to Noam Leshem, a political geographer at Durham University in England who studies modern no-man's-lands.
From Cyprus, Western Sahara, the Palestinian territories to the Korean peninsula, no-man's-lands are now tourist attractions, environmental preserves and places to make money.
Leshem's work is available at Re-Inhabiting No-Man's Land, a collection of writing and research on modern dead zones.
Our concern began with the obvious no-man's-land of the First World War, but Alasdair reminded me the term was constantly being circulated in reference to very different sites.
So anything from other geopolitical areas like the demilitarized zones between the Koreas, the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, or even urban geopolitical no-man's-lands like the one that divided Jerusalem until 1967.
But even beyond the geopolitical vocabulary, what we saw was that no-man's land entered our lingo to refer to anything from gangland in the heart of North American cities to tax havens in the Caribbean.
When we started looking into this, one of our key goals was to try and understand the history of the term, and to our surprise the term is much older than 1915, i.e. the Battle of the Somme. It dates back to the 14th century and to London during the months preceding the plague, when the bishop of London buys a lot of land outside the city to prepare a mass grave ahead of the bubonic plague.
We found that relationship between a space and death to be kind of one of the key characteristics of no-man's-land throughout its history. And what we're trying to do today is two things, is first is continue to understand the history of the term beyond its sort of Anglo-Saxon origins, but also ask what do no-man's-lands in the 21st century mean?
RB: We often think no-man's-land as a sort of desolate environment. But in the Cyprus buffer zone there's actually a lot of stuff going on there.
NL: Absolutely. Cyprus is a great example. As you know, there's a lot of economic activity. There's a lot of farming going on in the designated U.N. buffer zone, but you also get newly constructed industrial zones that are rezoned by the U.N. for civilian use.
So what you get are sub-civilian spaces within the militarized space of the buffer zone designated for economic activity.
In addition you get a lot of smuggling—of drugs, people across the no-man's-land. And I would add to that: tourism. The buffer zone in Cyprus has become one of the key tourist attractions on the island. Beaches, good food and you get some buffer zone watchers.
So absolutely this is a very significant space economically and a space that is constantly inhabited, governed, monitored and practiced.
There are things happening in it that makes it a significant space rather than just this empty no-go zone.
RB: There's also environmental features to these spaces. The demilitarized zone in the Koreas is a famous wildlife sanctuary.
NL: Here's a funny anecdote from when we were in Cyprus a few weeks. One of our interviewees told us that Cypriots just absolutely love hunting, and although most of the wildlife on the island is completely extinct, he said if you want to find snakes, go to the buffer zone. If you want to find wildlife, go to the buffer zone.
That's the only place where animals have survived because hunting is not allowed there.
As you pointed out, the demilitarized zone between the Koreas is a very important Asian wildlife sanctuary. Chernobyl is famous for the resuscitation of natural habitats as a result of the withdrawal of human activity. The herds of wild horses that roam Chernobyl these days have become almost as famous as reactor number four.
However, there's again an interesting history because in 19th century notebooks of expeditions in North America, we find repeated references to the no-man's-land as a space between two warring tribes where wildlife game finds refuge.
So already that association between sanctuary and no-man's-land is made long before we designated the demilitarized zone in the Koreas as a sanctuary or the inadvertent creation of a wildlife sanctuary in Chernobyl.
There's a fantastic film on the community of bunnies that found refuge in Berlin between the two sides of the wall. So in the no-man's-land in Berlin, there was a huge community of bunnies.
It's really important issue. It sheds light on the interests that preserve these spaces. I think that's not just about preserving these spaces for the future, but the sense that the spaces are still a part of human concern.
RB: You had a recent post on your blog about [German war veteran and writer] Ernst Juenger. What were you trying to do there?
NL: Juenger was one of the most important thinkers that repeatedly returns in his writing and thinking to the no-man's-land. The no-man-land's for Juenger—contrary to the traditional definition of it as this desolate no-go zone—is a very productive space.
The no-man's-land is a space from which a new man emerges, a man that has fused with machine and with earth to create this new—almost cyborg—creature that has bettered himself to such an extent that he is a new kind of being.
Not only is this happening on an individual level, but also on a social level. He talks about there being a "community of the trenches."
But it's important to remember that Juenger was part of a very specific intellectual group traditionally positioned on the right in Weimar Germany that celebrated the no-man's-land, that romanticized it. On the other side, still in Weimar Germany, we see people like Walter Benjamin.
Benjamin was exempt from military service in the First World War, but he constantly returns to the no-man's-land as a space where a philosophical crisis happens. Benjamin repeatedly asks, what's the meaning of this space of destruction?
In the Second World War, that is transplanted from the trenches to the enclosed space of the gas chamber, or remotely through aerial bombardment. And what we have here is a change in status and no-man's-land is no longer applied to concrete spaces of warfare and death.
The U.N. buffer zone in Cyprus in December 2012. Athena Lao/Flickr photo
This entry was posted in Main and tagged architecture, berlin wall, border, borders, boundary, buffer, chernobyl, cyprus, death, demilitarized zone, dmz, enclave, grey zone, israel, korea, law, nature, no-man's-land, palestine, politics, reappropriation, reuse, sanctuary, space, urbanism, violence, wall, war, wildlife, world war i on 25/07/14 by russi4nblue.


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Linn, Kansas Centennial 1877-1977 history book. Softcover book measuring 8.5 x 11 inches with 100 pages.
Contents include history of Linn, local church history, local clubs, school group photos, mayors of Linn, family photos, building photos, business leaders, etc.
Condition is good with wear to covers. Including creasing, soiling and some small spots of paper loss. Interior pages are in very good condition with some light age toning along the edges.
Book measures 5 1/2 inches wide x 7 5/8 inches tall, with 384 pages plus another 42 pages of Latin-English Vocabulary.
Foreword: This is a new book. It presents Latin in such a way that the pupil will learn Latin and enjoy the process. It makes Latin a live subject without sacrificing scholarship. The subject matter is divided into 110 lessons, grouped by semesters. In general a lesson can be in a single recitation. Related subjects are treated together and every point is adequately explained.
86 illustrations. Map of Gaul and Parts of Germany, Spain, Italy, and Britain. Map of Italy (in colors).
Original green boards. Book is in good condition with some age toning, light soiling and some wear to covers. Former owners name written inside of cover. Binding is tight.
Book measures 5 1/8 inches wide x 7 1/2 inches tall, with 123 pages.
Foreword: Being a Full and Clear Description of the art of Building the Bodies, Carriages and Cases for All Kinds of Stairs and Steps. Together with Illustrations Showing the Manner of Laying Out Stairs, Forming Treads and Risers, Building Cylinders, Preparing Strings, with Instructions for Making Carriages For Common, Platform, Dog-Legged and Winding Stairs.
To Which is Added An Illustrated Glossary of Terms used in Stair Building,and Designs for Newels, Balusters, Brackets, Stair Mouldings and Sections of Hand Rails.
Inside first 4 pages, a previous owner has used a red hand stamp profusely.
Original green boards. Book is in good to very condition with some age toning, light soiling and wear to covers. Binding is tight.


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Yoga is not just a physical practice, it is a way of living your life. The first principle of yoga is Ahimsa which means literally non-violence to ourselves and others. We interpret this to mean treading lightly on our planet and caring for all sentient beings.
We love to partner with companies with eco-friendly products and that promote a healthy lifestyle. So, whether you use renewable energy to run your factory, manufacture using organic or reusable materials or give a percentage of your profits to plant more trees, just let us know and we will be happy to partner with you.
You have a service or product that we need to offer as a barter. Examples are tent or audio visual companies, PR and web support.
For a small business with items to sell that are eco-friendly and less than AED 100 each. For studios or businesses with more expensive items like yoga wear, mats etc. 3m x 3m space with tent in high traffic locations with more space to draw in the crowds Exclusive location to showcase your business and branding on our flyers You want the maximum exposure at the festival for your brand. On site location optional. We work on a profit share basis. You provide the stand and we provide electricity and space for a 3m x 3m stall.
Tell us about your ecofriendly products/services and share or share your environmental policy. Please write a brief description of your charity and what funds raised would be used for. We like to support children in need in this region.
Moonfest events are an excellent way to showcase your company, products and services to our clients and the perfect CSR opportunity to support a local charity.


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Luis Buñuel (director, screenwriter)
Joseph Kessel (novel)
Jean-Claude Carriere (screenwriter)
Catherine Deneuve, Jean Sorel, Michel Piccoli, Genevieve Page (starring)
Paris: Robert et Raymond Hakim, Circa 1967. Vintage reference photograph of Catherine Deneuve and Genevieve Page from the 1967 film. "Property of The New York Public Library," and "DUPL NYPL" stamps on verso.
Buñuel's first color film, about a bored and directionless young housewife who begins working in a brothel while her husband is at work, with tragic consequences for him and a jealous client involved in organized crime. Winner of the Golden Lion at the 1967 Venice Film Festival.
Set in and shot on location in Paris.
10.25 x 8 inches. Near Fine, with light edgewear at corners and small title annotation in holograph pencil in bottom margin.
Criterion Collection 593. Ebert I. Godard, Histoire(s) du cinema. Vogel, Film as a Subversive Art. Rosenbaum 1000.
See all items in: 1960s Cinema, Comedy, Directors, European Cinema, Film Still Photographs, Films with Literary Sources, French Cinema, Organized Crime, Photographs, Romance, Surrealism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home Publications Terms and Conditions
This page was last updated on 30th December 2022
Section 1 – General Terms and Conditions for the Supply of Services
Section 2 – Terms and Conditions Relating to the Services Offered by the VCA Technical Service
Section 3 – Terms and Conditions Relating to the Services Offered by the VCA Approval Authority
Section 4 – Terms and Conditions for the Supply of Conformity of Production Services
These terms and conditions govern the use of the services offered by VCA and by using these services you are agreeing to these terms. You may not use the services offered by VCA if you do not accept the terms and conditions relevant to your application. You can accept the terms by making an application for work.
The terms and conditions accepted by the customer when undertaking services from VCA are dependent on the application type and the work to be undertaken by VCA.
Section 1 applies to all customers and all applications for work with VCA.
Section 2 applies to customers applying for approval services through the VCA Technical Service, where testing or inspection of vehicles is involved.
Section 3 applies to customers who are obtaining an approval from VCA through the Type Approval Authority (TAA), whether this be in combination with the VCA Technical Service, an external Technical Service, or as a direct applicant.
Section 4 applies to all customers applying for Conformity of Production (CoP) services where a VCA Compliance Statement is held or obtained.
The personal information you have provided in this form has been provided to allow VCA to process your application. Details of how this data will be handled, stored and used can be found in our "Privacy Notice". If you are not completing this form electronically and would like us to send you a hard copy of the Notice, then please contact the Data Protection Manager, VCA, 1 The Eastgate Office Centre, Eastgate Road, Bristol BS5 6XX and we will be pleased to send you a copy.
Application for Work
All applications for work from customers must be made in writing on the VCA application form, available from the publications area of VCA's website, or through the VCA customer portal depending on the application type. Customers new to VCA must complete the above VCA application form, in order to establish a customer record and financial clearance. Existing customers must complete the VCA job number request form only. Submission of the application will be deemed to mean agreement to these terms and conditions by the customer and that the applicant warrants that all information on the application form is complete and correct. Application for type approval may be made either by the manufacturer or by a representative appointed by the manufacturer. The manufacturer must notify VCA of such an appointment in writing.
VCA fees will be charged in accordance with VCA's established fee schedules, based on time charges and/or fixed rates, dependent upon the service provided. The charging rate will be established in advance of work commencing. The fee may be agreed as a fixed contract price in advance of work commencing but, in that case, VCA reserves the right to amend the contract price to take into account any additional work that was not included in the contract work specification.
Customers known to VCA will be invoiced on completion of the work (usually after issue of the approval certificate). Customers not known to VCA will be subject to credit checking and may be required to pay estimated fees in advance of work commencing. Payment will be required within 30 days of invoicing. Should invoices remain unpaid, VCA reserves the right to refuse to undertake further work until payment is received, including payment in advance for further work.
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All information provided to VCA by the customer relating to an approval or other work will be regarded by as secret processes, designs and information of a technical nature, which necessitate a high degree of confidentiality. Both the customer and VCA acknowledge that disclosure of that information may prejudice the commercial interests of the customer and of VCA, such that both the customer and VCA are obliged to maintain that confidentiality.
However, once an approval has been issued, VCA will make available approval documentation and information, on request and without reference to the manufacturer or his representative, to the United Kingdom Department for Transport, other UK government Departments, the Police, Courts and other official enforcement bodies in the United Kingdom, and to other Approval Authorities and relevant official bodies in other countries, and to others as required by law or any professional or regulatory obligation.
If approvals are transferred to a new manufacturer from the declared manufacturer, VCA will require written confirmation of the transfer from a Solicitor, Liquidator, or Official Receiver before VCA will discuss the approval with the new manufacturer.
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Inclusion of a confidentiality clause within the contract between the VCA and any sub-contractor that it employs
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If you are aware of any conflicts of interest which may affect your nominated VCA inspector, auditor, or other employee, please raise your concern with the quality manager complaints@vca.gov.uk within 3 days of receiving confirmation. If no concerns are raised within 3 days, VCA will automatically consider the plan accepted.
Use of the VCA Name
The VCA logo must not be used by third parties.
The VCA name may be used in reference to Type Approval documents obtained from VCA, for example Type Approval Certificates, Test Reports or Facility Appraisals, and a link to the VCA website is permissible. Further information is available on the VCA website: https://www.vehicle-certification-agency.gov.uk/use-of-the-vca-logo/
Application in Law
VCA is an executive agency of the United Kingdom Department for Transport appointed by the Secretary of State for Transport. Hence, in the context of applicable Regulations, the Department for Transport and the Secretary of State for Transport shall be taken to include VCA.
Fees charged by VCA are governed by The Motor Vehicles (Type Approval and Approval Marks) (Fees) Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999 No. 2149) as amended by The Motor Vehicles (Type Approval and Approval Marks) (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1999 (S.I. 2003 No. 2258), and by other specific Regulations as are applicable. If there is any conflict between these terms and those Regulations, then the Regulations shall prevail.
These terms and conditions shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with English law and shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts of England and Wales.
Worst Casing and Variant Selection
VCA will endeavor to choose the "worst case" test sample for test i.e. the specification from a range of specifications that will exhibit the worst performance. If the worst case meets the required performance, then the range of specifications will be approved based on that one test. Worst casing is entirely at VCA discretion. The worst-case agreement will be documented and will form part of the agreement to work.
VCA will choose a variant from a range of variants for whole vehicle inspection on which to base approval of the whole vehicle type. Variant selection is entirely at VCA discretion. The variant selection agreement will be documented and form part of the agreement to work.
Test and inspection Facilities
Some test facilities at which VCA is required to witness or undertake tests or inspections will be subject to a facility appraisal by VCA prior to commencement of testing. VCA reserves the right to refuse to test or inspect at facilities that do not meet appropriate requirements, including VCA health and safety risk assessment requirements. Further information on facility appraisal requirements is available from VCA. Measuring equipment used will require calibration traceable to national or international standards in accordance with ILAC P10.
Test witnessing
VCA must witness or carry out all tests and inspections for approvals or reports that VCA is to issue. Acceptance of manufacturer or other test reports that have not been witnessed by VCA will be considered only by prior arrangement, and entirely at VCA discretion, in order to assist worst case decisions, where minor changes to existing approvals are required, or where the technical standard specifically permits unwitnessed tests.
It is required that inspectors from Accreditation bodies or Approval Authorities can attend testing for auditing of VCA inspectors.
Submission of Manufacturer Information Documents
Manufacturer Information documents, describing the product to be approved in the required format, must be submitted to VCA prior to test or inspection. VCA reserves the right to refuse to proceed with the test or inspection if this is not done. Information on the required format is available from VCA or listed in the relevant regulations.
Alterations to Approved Specification
Once a product has been approved by VCA, the specification of that product embodied in the approval documentation cannot be altered without re-approval by VCA. VCA must be notified of any deviation from that specification that the manufacturer wishes to implement and will consider whether retesting is necessary in order to approve the deviations. If VCA is not notified, then the deviations will not be covered by the approval.
Interpretations and advice
VCA interpretations and advice on type approval issues will be applicable only to approvals issued by VCA. VCA makes no commitment to VCA advice or interpretations being applicable to approvals issued by other Type Approval Authorities. In offering advice on draft legislation, VCA will not be liable for the effects of subsequent changes to that draft legislation. In interpreting the law, advice given by VCA can be seen only as VCA's opinion. Interpretation of the law in Great Britain is the prerogative of the Courts.
If the customer fails to satisfy any VCA requirements either prior to test or inspection such that VCA cannot proceed, or otherwise such that VCA cannot issue the required approval, report, or other documents, then VCA will not be liable for any costs caused to the manufacturer. The manufacturer will be liable for VCA costs. In the case of the customer cancelling the contract, the customer will be liable for any VCA costs incurred to date General liability falling to VCA through any fault or error in the service provided by VCA shall be limited to the monetary value of the contract for that service.
Dates agreed for completion of contracts are given in good faith, but VCA accepts no liability for late delivery no matter what the cause.
Conditions Relating to the Issue of GB, UK(NI) and United Nations (UN) Type Approvals
Type Approvals are issued by VCA under the terms of the applicable statutory Regulations and UN Regulations (under the terms of the United Nations 1958 Agreement) referenced therein:
The Motor Vehicles (Designation of Approval Marks) Regulations 1979 as amended; The Motor Vehicles (Type Approval) Regulations 1980 as amended;
The Motor Vehicles (Type Approval for Goods Vehicles) (Great Britain) Regulations 1982 as amended; The Motor Vehicles (Type Approval) (Great Britain) Regulations 1984 as amended;
The Agricultural or Forestry Tractor and Tractor Components (Type Approval) Regulations 1988 as amended; The Motor Vehicles (EC Type Approval) Regulations 1998 as amended;
The Motor Cycles Etc. (EC Type Approval) Regulations 1999 as amended;
The Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Emission of Gaseous and Particulate Matter) Regulations 1999 as amended;
The Road Vehicles (Approval) Regulations 2020 as amended;
The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 as amended;
The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022
In particular (but not to the exclusion of other requirements):
1.1 An Approval may be withdrawn at any time and while held is subject to the following conditions.
2. Conditions for Motor Vehicle Parts
2.1 The holder of the approval shall put the approval mark described in the Motor Vehicles (Designation of Approval Marks) Regulations 1979 as amended only on Motor Vehicle Parts that:
have been manufactured, assembled or completed in factories under his control and
conform in all material respects with the samples, which were tested before this approval was issued.
2.2 The holder of the approval shall mark his products in the manner set out in the relevant Regulation/Directive as given in the Motor Vehicles (Designation of Approval Marks) Regulations 1979 as amended together with:
the approval number allocated by the Secretary of State for Transport.
his name or trademark
any other markings specified in the appropriate international Regulation
2.3 The holder of the approval shall be prepared at any time to satisfy Department for Transport officials or agents of the Department, that the quality of the part being produced and marked or intended to be by him with the approval marking conforms in all material respects with that of the samples tested as the International Regulation requires.
2.4 The holder of the approval undertakes to admit duly authorised officials or agents of the Department at all reasonable times to any premises in which parts marked or intended to be marked are being manufactured, assembled or stored and to permit any such official or agent to inspect parts and all records relating to them and their production processes.
2.5 The approval may be suspended or withdrawn by the Secretary of State for Transport at any time without any particular length of notice being given and in the event of that being done the holder will absolve the Secretary of State from any claim for damages or compensation.
3. Conditions for Motor Vehicles
3.1 The holder of the approval shall put the approval mark described in the Motor Vehicles (Designation of Approval Marks) Regulation 1979 as amended only on Motor Vehicles fitted with Motor Vehicle parts which Motor Vehicles as fitted with such parts conform with the type of Motor Vehicle approved by as on behalf of the Secretary of State for Transport and only on Motor Vehicles that:
conform in all material respects with the type of Motor Vehicle, which was tested before an approval certificate was issued.
3.2 The holder of the approval shall mark motor vehicles of the type approved. In the matter set out in the relevant Regulation/Directive using the authorised approval mark as given in the Motor Vehicles (Designation of Approval Marks) Regulation 1979 as amended together with the approval number allocated by the Secretary of State for Transport.
3.3 The holder of the approval shall mark Motor Vehicles of the type approved in the manner set out in the relevant Regulation annexed to the United Nations agreement of 1958 as amended using the authorised approval mark which comprises a capital letter E followed by the number 11 within a circle together with the approval number allocated by the Secretary of State for Transport.
3.4 The holder of the approval shall be prepared at any time to satisfy Department for Transport officials or agents of the Department that Motor Vehicles of the type approved which have been produced and marked or that are intended to be marked by him conform in all material respects with the type of vehicle approved.
3.5 The holder of the approval undertakes to admit duly authorised officials or agents of the Department at all reasonable times to any premises in which the Motor Vehicles of the type approved which have been or are intended to be marked are manufactured, assembled or stored and to permit any such official or agent to inspect the Motor Vehicles and all records relating to them and their production processes.
3.6 The approval may be suspended or withdrawn by the Secretary of State for Transport at any time without any particular length of notice given and in the event of that being done the holder will absolve the Secretary of State from any claim for damages or compensation
Submission of Manufacturer Documents
Manufacturer information documents and appropriate supporting evidence, such as test reports, drawings or receipts of work undertaken, must be provided to VCA at the time of application. VCA reserves the right to refuse to proceed with work if this is not done, or the documentation is not of suitable quality, and approvals cannot be issued without suitable documentation and evidence being provided. Information on the required format is available from VCA or listed in the relevant regulations.
Once a product has been approved by VCA, the specification of that product embodied in the approval documentation cannot be altered without re-approval by VCA. VCA must be notified of any deviation from that specification that the manufacturer wishes to implement and will consider whether a new audit is required or whether scope needs to be updated prior to the change. If VCA is not notified, then the deviations will not be covered by the approval.
If the customer fails to satisfy any VCA requirements such that VCA cannot proceed, or otherwise such that VCA cannot issue the required approval, then VCA will not be liable for any costs caused to the manufacturer. The manufacturer will be liable for VCA costs. In the case of the customer cancelling the contract, the customer will be liable for any VCA costs incurred to date. General liability falling to VCA through any fault or error in the service provided by VCA shall be limited to the monetary value of the contract for that service. Dates agreed for completion of contracts are given in good faith, but VCA accepts no liability for late delivery no matter what the cause.
Audit witnessing
VCA must carry out all audits for approvals that VCA is to issue. Acceptance of a compliance statement from another Type Approval Authority will be considered only where is there is a legal basis to do so, and entirely at VCA discretion.
It is required that inspectors from Accreditation bodies or Approval Authorities can attend audits for auditing of VCA auditors.
Manufacturer documents, such as relating to the quality management system, control plans and other evidence, must be provided to VCA during the onsite audit as requested, or prior to any remote audit or document review taking place. VCA reserves the right to refuse to proceed with audit if this is not done. Information on the required format is available from VCA or listed in the relevant regulations.
If the customer fails to satisfy any VCA requirements either prior to inspection such that VCA cannot proceed, or otherwise such that VCA cannot issue the required approval, report, or other documents, then VCA will not be liable for any costs caused to the manufacturer. The manufacturer will be liable for VCA costs. In the case of the customer cancelling the contract, the customer will be liable for any VCA costs incurred to date. General liability falling to VCA through any fault or error in the service provided by VCA shall be limited to the monetary value of the contract for that service. Dates agreed for completion of contracts are given in good faith, but VCA accepts no liability for late delivery no matter what the cause.
PCAD-045 Revision 8


Useful Online Toolkit for helping organisations to implement travel work plans.
Nottingham City Council's draft specification for a joint sustainable taxi tender with fellow Nottingham organisations.
The University of Winchester Staff Travel and Transport Guide 2016/17.


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Q: Rails NoMethodError (undefined method `replies' for 52:Integer): Trying to create a reply to a Comment I receive an error
NoMethodError (undefined method `replies' for 52:Integer):

app/controllers/replies_controller.rb:29:in `create'

reply form
<%= form_with(model: @reply, url: [Comment.find(params[:id]), @reply]) do |form| %>

Replies Controller - Create
def create

@reply = @comment.replies.create(reply_params).permit(:reply)

  respond_to do |format|
  if @comment.replies.save
    format.html {redirect_to @reply, notice: 'Reply was successfully created.'}
    format.json {render :show, status: :created, location: @reply}
  else
    format.html {render :new}
    format.json {render json: @reply.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity}
  end
end
end

def set_comment
   @comment = Comment.find(reply_params[:post_id]).id
end

schema.rb
create_table "replies", force: :cascade do |t|
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
t.boolean "anonymous"
t.text "text"
t.integer "user_id"
t.integer "post_id"
t.string "title"
end

routes.rb
resources :comments do
  resources :replies
end

What I think might be the problem is the schema.
I've seen similar examples that have t.references: comment, index: true, foreign_key:true in their reply table

A: You are trying to get association object from id:
@comment = Comment.find(reply_params[:post_id]).id

You need an object:
def set_comment
   @comment = Comment.find(reply_params[:post_id])
end

UPDATE
Correct controller example:
def create
  @comment = Comment.find(reply_params[:post_id]) #In fact, it should look like this - params[:comment_id]
  @reply = @comment.replies.new(reply_params)

  respond_to do |format|
    if @reply.save
      format.html { redirect_to @reply, notice: 'Reply was successfully created.' }
      format.json { render :show, status: :created, location: @reply }
    else
      format.html { render :new }
      format.json { render json: @reply.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
    end
  end
end

private

  def reply_params
    params.require(:reply).permit(...) #Model attributes
  end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
His Life and Universe
A narrative portrait based on the complete body of Einstein's papers offers insight into how the iconic thinker's mind worked as well as his contributions to science, in an account that describes his two marriages, his receipt of the Nobel Prize, and the influence of his discoveries on his personal views about morality, politics, and tolerance. 500,000 first printing.
Blackwell North Amer
By the author of the acclaimed bestsellers Benjamin Franklin and Steve Jobs, this is the definitive biography of Albert Einstein.
How did his mind work? What made him a genius? Isaacson's biography shows how his scientific imagination sprang from the rebellious nature of his personality. His fascinating story is a testament to the connection between creativity and freedom.
Based on newly released personal letters of Einstein, this book explores how an imaginative, impertinent patent clerk—a struggling father in a difficult marriage who couldn't get a teaching job or a doctorate—became the mind reader of the creator of the cosmos, the locksmith of the mysteries of the atom, and the universe. His success came from questioning conventional wisdom and marveling at mysteries that struck others as mundane. This led him to embrace a morality and politics based on respect for free minds, free spirits, and free individuals.
These traits are just as vital for this new century of globalization, in which our success will depend on our creativity, as they were for the beginning of the last century, when Einstein helped usher in the modern age.
& Taylor
A narrative portrait based on the complete body of Einstein's papers offers insight into his contributions to science, in an account that describes the influence of his discoveries on his personal views about morality, politics, and tolerance.
The first full biography of Albert Einstein since all of his papers have become available shows how his scientific imagination sprang from the rebellious nature of his personality. Biographer Isaacson explores how an imaginative, impertinent patent clerk--a struggling father in a difficult marriage who couldn't get a teaching job or a doctorate--became the locksmith of the mysteries of the atom and the universe. His success came from questioning conventional wisdom and marveling at mysteries that struck others as mundane. This led him to embrace a morality and politics based on respect for free minds, free spirits, and free individuals. These traits are just as vital for this new century of globalization, in which our success will depend on our creativity, as they were for the beginning of the last century, when Einstein helped usher in the modern age.--From publisher description.
Publisher: New York : Simon & Schuster, c2007
Description: xxii, 675, [14] p. of plates : ill., ports. ; 25 cm
Branch Call Number: 530.092 Ein
Additional Contributors: Isaacson, Walter. Einstein
Read more reviews of Einstein at iDreamBooks.com
kwsmith Mar 29, 2019
"I have no special talent. I am only passionately curious." Einstein, arguably the most successful scientist of all time, formed most of his key insights when he was working a tedious desk job at the Swiss patent office after failing to find academic employment. His free spirited ways quickly led him into conflicts with established academics, but ultimately proved invaluable when he found success in theoretical physics by repeatedly questioning conventional wisdom. This detailed biography carefully explains Einstein's key theories within the context of world history. The book also spends considerable time detailing Einstein's challenging personal relationships with his family, friends, and peers.
moondog676 Jun 19, 2015
Amazing book about an amazing man. It not only explores Einstein's character but also helps us understand the theories that Einstein discovered in layman's terms.
kityojames Jan 31, 2015
It is this book that succinctly distinguishes Walter Isaacson as a master biographer. In writing the story of Einstein, not only does he coin the scientist's life as a litany of scientific realities derived from the cosmos, but also dwells deep into the character nuances of Einstein. We are shown his true self, his religion, foibles, humanness relative to his theories. Above all, this book shows that Einstein was a political animal, for which elements of the American civil liberties can jocund, and even the genesis of academic freedom and free speech may be traced. We cannot, but appreciate such an exposition of Albert Einstein, the Rebel and Loner who changed the understanding of the world beyond what we see now.
bhnation May 12, 2014
Excellent. Interweaves the personal life and the science very effectively. Comprehensive but engaging.
grandmamarianna Oct 27, 2013
What a great book. Full of cool inserts (copies of documents etc). Excellent info, beautifully arranged book.
neuroman43 Jun 10, 2013
Absolutely outstanding biography of Time magazines man of the 20th century. There have been many biographies of Einstein but none achieve what Isaacson has done by interweaving the science, personality of the man, and make it come alive during the fascinating era he lived through in history. It is a long book (550 or so pages of main text plus over 100 more of references and supporting material) but so worth the read. I hated when it came to its end. Throughout I laughed out loud at the many quotes from this genius. He truly was an amazing man, so worthy of learning about.
rspanny May 22, 2013
Wonderful comprehensive biography of arguably the greatest man in human history. Very readable and covers all aspects of Einstein's life. And what a storied and varied life the man led. I feel like I kinda know Albert Einstein personally, after reading this. I learned quite a lot about Einstein's science too. I should buy a copy of this book for my personal library. Definitely a keeper!
phyzwizz Jul 07, 2012
phyzwizz thinks this title is suitable for 12 years and over
demoa Apr 24, 2012
demoa thinks this title is suitable for 16 years and over
Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955
Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955 — Friends and Associates
Physicists — Biography
Relativity (Physics)
Unified Field Theories


Housemates guess who they think will face the public vote this week.
A number of the housemates have spent the morning speculating over today's nominations announcement.
Later this afternoon, Big Brother will reveal to the group who is up for eviction this week, before announcing the details of today's 'Save and Replace' task.
During a conversation in the bedroom, David and John James guessed who they thought would be up for the public vote.
"I reckon it'll be Rachel, Jo and maybe Mario," Dave said.
John James seemed slightly surprised that the Welshman had not included him in the list, declaring: "I'll be up every week now until I leave."
David said he didn't think that would be the case, before JJ moved the subject on to the 'Save and Replace' task.
The boxer claimed that it would be difficult to pick a third housemate to replace himself with if he was already playing against the two he had nominated initially. "It's hard if you're up, you win and the two people you've nominated are [already] there," he said.
John James disagreed, saying that he could have easily nominated three people yesterday: "I could have had a three-er this week."
Sam, who cannot be nominated or nominate this week, suggested that there could be a double eviction this Friday, going on to ask JJ how he felt about the announcement.
"I feel fine mate, I think I'll be up, though," he replied.
As Josie disagreed, JJ began to explain that being a new housemate was a hindrance.
"I don't think it's a hindrance for nominations, but I think it's a hindrance for face swapping," Andrew remarked, pointing out that JJ could be used as a 'replacement' for whoever wins this afternoon's contest.


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In addition to serving our local areas with propane delivery and services, we are committed to strengthening our community through contributions to local initiatives and fundraisers. We are a proud member of the Clinton-Sampson Chamber of Commerce and participate in many popular events, including the annual Clinton Downtown Street Fair and Barbecue Cook-off. Read more.
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Great looking pair of genuine old Pharmacy Bottles. At 24cms tall there is an etched Boots Bottle which once had The Emulsion inside. Second, we have a lovely green bottle at 23cms where the rather old label reads Solution of Chromium Trioxide dated 1963.


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text:
Brooks Institute Scholars Research Fellowship Awarded to Lori Gruen
Lori Gruen, a William Griffin Professor of Philosophy at Wesleyan University, has been awarded the Brooks Institute Scholars Research Fellowship.
The goal of the Scholars Research Fellowship is to support outstanding research that will advance the fields of animal law and policy. To be eligible for grants, principal investigators must be affiliated with an accredited academic institution or demonstrate a record of successful independent research. In addition to full-time faculty, graduate students and independent researchers are invited to apply. Applications are reviewed two times per year beginning after June 1 and December 1 (with submission deadlines of May 31 and November 30, respectively). The application for the May 2022 review period may be found here.
In keeping with the Brooks Institute's mission, Gruen's multi-pronged, multi-disciplinary project seeks to help push a paradigm shift and make empathy more central in the work we do for animals. Building on her 2015 book, Entangled Empathy: An Alternative Ethics for our Relationships with Animals (Lantern Publishing), the current project seeks to deepen the impact of empathy.
The new empathy project funded by this Scholars Research Fellowship will allow Gruen time to work on a follow-up monograph that explores what entangled empathy can illuminate in the specific contexts of prisons, meat-packing plants, zoos, and places where humans and animals are often denied the solicitude they deserve and that empathy can generate. The fellowship will also fund work exploring the ways that virtual reality (VR) can enhance empathy for animals which can in turn lead to positive changes in actions and policy. Gruen and her team will create comprehensive plans for two empathy-based VR experiences, one at a sanctuary for formerly farmed animals; the other that explores captivity for humans and other animals.
Upon learning she would be awarded the fellowship, Gruen said, "The Brooks Institute, in just a few short years, has become a powerful force for changing our relationships with animals. Their commitment to building networks of engagement has also changed relationships among those who work in animal law, animal studies, and animal protection more broadly. I am deeply honored to be recognized as the inaugural Research Fellowship from the Brooks Institute and look forward to producing work that further promotes the change we want to see."
For information about the Scholars Research Fellowship, please visit: https://thebrooksinstitute.org/fellowships


text:
Bucs need to bring back special-teams aces Russell Shepard, Josh Robinson
6yJenna Laine
NFL execs make predictions for 2023: Forecasting landing spots for top QBs and big names
4dJeremy Fowler
Buccaneers' offseason priorities center around Tom Brady, defense and run game
5dJenna Laine
Bucs fire OC Leftwich amid overhaul by Bowles
49ers' Brock Purdy would make history with win over Eagles
2dBrianna Williams
Brady: 'One day at a time' with future up in air
11dJenna Laine
Bucs' Gage in hospital for concussion after hit
Cowboys finally beat Tom Brady as Dallas routs Tampa Bay
11dTodd Archer and Jenna Laine
Jenna LaineESPN Staff Writer
Covered the Buccaneers since 2009
Joined ESPN in 2016
TAMPA, Fla. -- The Tampa Bay Buccaneers have 17 players scheduled to become unrestricted free agents when the new league year begins in March. In Part 1 of this series, I ranked the players who were the biggest priorities to re-sign -- defensive end William Gholston, running back Jacquizz Rodgers and center Joe Hawley.
Part 2 is a ranking of players 4-8 who are also priorities -- perhaps not quite as pressing as the first three but still an integral part of the team's 9-7 finish last year. It includes starters and players who have demonstrated the ability to step in and start, if needed.
4. WR/STs Russell Shepard: A captain on special teams, Shepard was pressed into action far more as a receiver last year, catching 23 passes for 341 yards and two touchdowns. He had a key fumble recovery in the Bucs' Week 5 win over the Carolina Panthers, when he knocked the ball loose from punt returner Ted Ginn Jr.
Shepard registered two special-teams tackles for the season after leading the team with 10 in 2015. He provides valuable leadership in the locker room and has shown excellent rapport with quarterback Jameis Winston, along with the ability to line up all over the field. That came in handy when the team was without both Cecil Shorts III and Adam Humphries in Week 14.
Russell Shepard served as a special-teams captain for the Bucs but was also valuable as a receiver. Kyle Terada/USA TODAY Sports
5. CB/STs Josh Robinson: In his first season in Tampa Bay, Robinson managed to lead the team with 12 special-teams tackles. He and Shepard may have well been the league's best tandem of gunners and were a big reason why the Bucs allowed only 5.6 yards per punt return, the fourth lowest mark this year and fourth best in team history.
Like Shepard, Robinson also forced a turnover on special teams when the San Francisco 49ers' Aaron Burbridge ran directly into teammate and punt returner Jeremy Kerley because of Robinson's hustle, with Keith Tandy making the recovery. Robinson didn't play a snap on defense but can line up on the outside or inside and can step in at safety in emergency situations.
6. DT Akeem Spence: Spence isn't a starter -- he was for 15 games under Greg Schiano during his rookie season -- but provides depth in the Bucs' defensive line rotation, finishing with 19 tackles and a half-sack in 2016. His best attribute is stuffing the run. The Bucs have Clinton McDonald as a starter lining up next to Gerald McCoy
7. S Bradley McDougald: The safety position was regarded as one of, if not the weakest on the Bucs' defense in 2016, although the group saw a late-season surge that helped propel a five-game win streak. McDougald had interceptions against the 49ers and the Seattle Seahawks, with the Seattle game possibly being the defense's finest performance of the year. He finished second on the team in tackles (79 solo, 92 combined) and in pass breakups (10).
8. S Chris Conte: The Bucs are expected to upgrade the safety position this offseason, but both McDougald and Conte could return. Conte was on a one-year contract last year worth $3 million. He's longed for a permanent home rather, but Keith Tandy's performance stepping in for Conte could have earned Tandy a starting job, or at least strong consideration.
Conte had a string of exceptional games last year, recording interceptions in back-to-back weeks, including a pick-6 against the Chicago Bears. He then suffered a scary chest injury that landed him in the hospital, but he was able to make it back for the season's final three games.


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text:
Shopping the New Forest way
You like to shop, yes? And you love the New Forest? So how about an experience that combines the two?
The Forest Store is a new on-line shop stocking unique or unusual gifts inspired by the New Forest National Park. Every purchase supports work to look after the landscape, wildlife and culture that make the place so special.
There are three distinctive ranges: Forest Life which includes clothing and gifts; Forest Tribe for the young and the young-at-heart; and Forest Active for the great outdoors. Items include:
Specially commissioned books, cards and canvas prints featuring beautiful photographs of the New Forest
Novel items such as a Forest trumps game, a recycled Frisbee and a magic photo mug that reveals a Forest picture when hot liquid is poured into it
Great outdoor items including a waterproof that doubles as a groundsheet, a welly bag, a bike-seat cover and an ice-scraper all with special New Forest messages
An attractive range of colourful T-shirts with chic designs inspired by the New Forest's plants and animals.
New Forest Mug - Puttles Bridge
The products are kind to the environment wherever possible – for example, the T-shirts use organic cotton and water-based inks, while the ice-scraper is made from recycled UK number plates!
Martin O'Neill, Director of Information and Visitor Services for the New Forest National Park Authority, said: 'I hope that The Forest Store will appeal to visitors and people who live and work here whether they are looking for memories to take home, gifts for friends or a treat for themselves.
'Every penny of profit from purchases will go back into the National Park Authority's work which includes support for commoning, helping to prevent animal accidents and safeguarding the landscape that we all enjoy.
'Each time you shop at the Forest Store you will be helping to look after the National Park too.'
The Forest Store is at http://www.foreststore.co.uk/
Labels: forest store, new forest attractions, new forest shopping
Halloween! What lurks in and around the Beaulieu River by darkness
Come join New Forest Activities if you dare throughout half term week, Monday-Friday 25th – 29th October, from 18.00-20.00 to see what lurks in and around the Beaulieu River by darkness.
Beaulieu is well known for its hauntings, with sightings of apparitions such as Monks and other unexplained phenomena. Maybe you will see Isabella, Countess of Beaulieu who died in 1786, and is often seen walking the area.
You'll be guided by Canoe from your base at Baileys Hard, down along the Beaulieu River, exploring its mysterious creeks along the way, until you reach Bucklers Hard, the old Maritime Village. From Bucklers Hard you'll abandon your Canoes and head back to Baileys Hard on foot through the haunted woods alongside the river. Hold on to your loved ones!
Guests are invited to come in fancy dress (Please be aware you will still need to put a buoyancy aid on), best dressed will win a prize!
A drink of blood will be available to all guests on briefing (Mulled wine or Blackcurrant!). A torch or pumpkin is required, good footwear. A sense of fun and an open mind essential!
Great for families and friends who are looking for a different way to enjoy Halloween!
For more information and to book please visit http://www.newforestactivities.co.uk/ or call 01590 612377.
Labels: beaulieu river, Halloween, new forest activities, new forest attractions
Swashbuckling half term holiday ideas
Are you looking for a new way to keep the children entertained this summer? And on a budget? New Forest Treasure Trails has the perfect solution. They have created 10 treasure hunt adventures in local towns and villages which will give you a fun and exciting day out, without the theme park price tag.
As every parent knows, finding activities to keep everybody in the family entertained can be a challenge and getting them to do something in the outdoors that is healthy and educational at the same time sounds too good to be true! For just £5 a Treasure Trail will engage the whole family in solving an intriguing mystery and will show you a multitude of fascinating, historical and unusual things about your town that you probably wouldn't have otherwise seen.
The Trails are completed in your own time and are Treasure Hunt, Murder Mystery and Spy Mission themed walks. An easy to follow route will take you to the most beautiful and interesting places in that area and answers to the clues are located on existing monuments and buildings. Gary Lineker is just one of the growing host of fans, having had lots of fun with his then fiancée Danielle on a Treasure Trail around Armagh last year.
Dawn Thomas and her family recently completed the Burley Treasure Trail and said 'What a great idea! We saw so much more of the Village than if we had just wandered around aimlessly. It was a great (and cheap!) way to get the family to visit somewhere new and have fun whilst learning a bit of history. Thanks, I'll be buying more!'
Tony & Lisa started Treasure Trails Hampshire in 2008 with the aim of getting local people and visitors to see and learn more about the area. He said 'We all know that British weather can be a bit unpredictable but walking, exploring and solving clues is just as much fun in the sunshine as in the rain! Treasure Trails are a great activity for the whole family to complete together as children, parents and grandparents can all get involved in finding and solving our exciting, innovative and fun mysteries.'
So if you are stuck for something to do this summer, whether at home or on holiday, for just £5 for your group a Treasure Trail will help the whole family explore and learn on an exciting adventure.
Go to http://www.treasuretrails.co.uk/ to find our more. Or telephone Lisa on 07787 453898 for more information.
Labels: new forest attractions, new forest information, new forest things to do, Treasure Trails Hampshire
New Forest Marque - a truly local experience
When you buy food that states it's local, you want a guarantee it really is.
The New Forest Marque does just that. It is the only contracted scheme of this type that audits its farmers and producers to ensure a minimum New Forest content. A series of stringent standards have to be adhered to before the product receives its 'marque' of approval.
Sarah Richards, New Forest Marque Manager, said: 'We work very hard to make the New Forest Marque a success and as far as we are aware it is the only scheme of its kind in the country. All our food and produce is locally sourced and is to a very high standard; it's disturbing to read recent press reports about mislabelled food claiming to be local.
'Buying Marque produce is important; it helps local farmers and businesses, supports the local economy, encourages people to buy 'local' and reassures the customer that they are getting a quality New Forest product.'
New Forest Marque produce can be found throughout the New Forest in shops, hotels, B&Bs and restaurants. There is also a cook-book featuring delicious New Forest recipes.
For more information on stockists and the recipe book visit www.newforestnpa.gov.uk/new-forest-produce
Labels: hampshire, national park, new forest, new forest information, things to do, tourism, uk
A project to remove old and intrusive road signs from a key New Forest road is moving to the next stage thanks to the New Forest National Park Authority and Hampshire Country Council.
Nine road signs are being removed from the B3054 (between Lymington and Dibden Purlieu) in order to make way for four new triangular warning signs and supplementary plates that have been designed to help reduce animal accidents on this busy road.
Each new warning sign will have a 'Wild Animals' triangular sign accompanied by a supplementary plate carrying a short message that will be changed every three months.
Nigel Matthews, Head of Visitor and Recreation Services at the New Forest National Park Authority, said: 'This scheme is aimed especially at those of us who use this route regularly.
'The current signs have been in place a long time - some were in bad condition and people travelling through the Forest were taking them for granted.
'The B3054 is one of the worst roads in the Forest for animal accidents. By changing the messages on the signs and keeping them topical we can remind drivers about the risks.
'In recent years there have been between 20-30 animal accidents on this road. Half of these accidents happen in daylight; animals sometimes step out in front of passing cars at the last moment - we need to give them a wide berth or be ready to stop.'
Councillor Mel Kendal, Hampshire County Council's Executive Member for Environment, said: 'The new road signs convey simple, clear messages. The background colour of each message will also be different, attracting the attention of local people who think 'it will never happen to them'.
'The Highway Authority is committed to removing old, ineffective signs as part of its programme of sign rationalisation. If the B3054 pilot project works, we'll look to extending it to other parts of the New Forest in future years.'
This scheme is a joint partnership between the New Forest National Park Authority and Hampshire County Council.
Labels: new forest national park hampshire uk
Gearing up for a two-wheeled weekend of family fun
in the New Forest National Park
Cyclists young and old are gearing up for a festival with a difference in the New Forest National Park.
As well as three popular on and off road events on 2 and 3 October - part of the nationwide Wiggle Super Series – the two-day cycle festival will appeal to beginners and experienced riders of all ages.
The festival will include children's competitions, live music, bike safety checks, face painting, fun cycling skills sessions, food and stalls at Brockenhurst College and is open to everyone.
Participants can choose from a mountain bike/cyclocross event, a hill climb event, and the main road sportive event, with three different levels of difficulty:
Saturday 2 October
Mountain bike/cyclocross riders will be able to choose from a 44-mile route, a 25-miler or a family fun 10-mile option.
The hill climb event on Saturday afternoon could be the perfect warm down for those in action earlier in the day – or a warm up for the road sportive riders. Prizes will be awarded to the top 10 riders in two categories (road and 'knobbly tyred') as they climb the 1km course near Brockenhurst. The event is being run in partnership with New Forest Cycling Club.
Sunday 3 October
The road sportive remains the main event. Three routes are on offer: the Epic 100-mile route, the Standard 66-miler or the 44-mile option. The course takes in some challenging but short hills such as the 25 per cent Blissford Hill.
Entry fees include electronic timing, feed stations, free sports nutrition, event photography, bike wash facilities, and well-signed courses. To sign up to these cycle events visit http://www.ukcyclingevents.co.uk/.
Chris Gregory, Transport and Tourism Officer at the New Forest National Park, said: 'We are pleased to be supporting the first New Forest Cycle Festival – a weekend of fun and excitement with superb cycling in the heart of the New Forest. There are opportunities to explore the best of the off-road gravel track network and to challenge yourself in the Wiggle Super Series road sportive. Back at the College there's a chance to celebrate cycling and to have fun while encouraging people to cycle safely.'
For more details about the cycling festival visit: www.newforestnpa.gov.uk/cyclefestival
Labels: cycling, new forest information, new forest national park hampshire uk
From Paraguay to the New Forest –
Natural History Museum experts explore rare habitats
The exotic country of Paraguay seems far removed from William the Conqueror's New Forest – a wildlife haven nestled between Bournemouth and Southampton.
Yet two teams from the Natural History Museum are focussing on these remarkable landscapes to map the hugely varied species that can be found there.
Supported by the New Forest National Park Authority and funded by public donations to the Museum, the first team has already started collating a New Forest inventory of the area's wildlife and environment. This will provide a snapshot in time of the New Forest against which changes over the next 10 years can be mapped.
Left to right: New Forest National Park Authority Ecologist Ian Barker Paul Eggleton,
Head of the Natural History Museum's Soil Biodiversity Group and
Museum researcher Dr Dan Carpenter collect samples in Whitley Wood, Lyndhurst.
The New Forest is one of the most important areas for wildlife in the UK as it is home to a wide range of species and habitats. This landscape's unique qualities are largely due to grazing by New Forest ponies who roam the ancient woodlands and heathlands as part of a traditional commoning system. Yet there are still huge gaps in our knowledge about the species that can be found here and how widespread they are.
New Forest National Park Ecologist Ian Barker said: 'The New Forest National Park is the most densely populated National Park in the UK and has over 13 million visitors each year.
'Despite these pressures, thanks to good management by a wide range of organisations, the New Forest continues to be a magnificent landscape with an abundance of really special wildlife.
'Over half the national park is designated as being internationally or nationally important for nature conservation – a higher density than any other national park in England.
'The team is studying some of the less popular aspects of the Forest ecology – insects, lichen and soils – which are the building blocks of biodiversity but are often overlooked because people are generally more interested in the bigger species such as birds.
'It is an exciting opportunity to obtain baseline data in a scientific way and the fact that it will be repeated and the information will be captured over five and 10 years is extremely useful.
'It is vitally important that we work with experts such as the Natural History Museum to find out as much information as possible about the habitats and wildlife here and to establish how we can best look after it.'
Paul Eggleton, insect expert and Head of the Museum's Soil Biodiversity Group, said: 'This is one of the most important areas for biodiversity in Britain. This will allow us for the first time to get a very good handle on what is happening to nature in the New Forest.'
Dr Dan Carpenter, of the Museum's Soil Biodiversity Group, said 40 plots within six habitats spread across the New Forest are being used to sample lichens, algae, insects and soil in order to document patterns of biodiversity across the forest.
He explained why the New Forest was chosen for the survey. He said: 'The New Forest is an ideal area to sample in this way because it is one of the most important areas of pasture woodland, heathland and valley mires in Europe. It is also a UK (and often European) biodiversity hotspot for many groups such as lichens, flowering plants, fungi, bats and birds. As it's in the south it is likely to be strongly affected by climate change, species invasion, land use change and pollution. The way it has been historically managed through commoning makes it even more interesting.'
Meanwhile another group of Museum scientists is preparing to embark on a fieldtrip to Paraguay in November to conduct a biodiversity survey, also funded by public donations. The area is the largest dry forest in South America and the continent's most extensive forested region after Amazonia. Very little is known of its flora and fauna.
They will be working in collaboration with Paraguayan counterparts and sharing skills and expertise both in the field and in the local Museum of Natural History.
Best season ever for New Forest Tour
The New Forest Tour has had its best season yet, with over 17,600 people choosing to leave their cars at home and explore the New Forest National Park from an open-top bus.
The Tour which finished on 12 September had an increase of 13% on passenger journey numbers in 2009 and carried 100 extra bikes, a staggering increase of 214%.
Visitor attractions en route, including the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu and Exbury Gardens and Steam Railway, have also seen similar increases in visitors dropped off by the New Forest Tour.
Chris Gregory, the New Forest National Park Authority's Transport and Tourism Officer, said: 'Despite poor weather in August, this is the Tour's fifth consecutive year of growth. It's great that visitors and local people are choosing to experience the National Park in this unique and exciting way.'
'This year we made it easier for people to join the tour, offering free travel on the 112 bus from Hythe to Beaulieu, and on selected routes from Bournemouth and Southampton.'
Stylish Events Fourth Spectacular Wedding Fair this coming Sunday 19th September
After three previous highly successful Wedding Shows, Stylish Events are holding a fourth at the stunning Legacy Botleigh Grange Hotel this coming Sunday, 19th September.
Highland cattle, stunning grounds including two magnificent lakes and horse drawn carriage previously greeted future Brides & Grooms at their past Wedding Fayres.
This coming event will feature Spectacular Fashion Shows by Times Two Productions. Pus every Bride will receive a Clanns Gift Bag and for the first 200 Brides, a free copy of Your Hampshire Wedding Magazine.
On the day potential Brides & Grooms are able to meet up to 45 different exhibitors offering a wide range of wedding services plus as the venue is licensed for weddings meet the very experienced in house team responsible for wedding bookings who will only be too delighted to discuss what The Legacy Botleigh Grange can do for you on your wedding day.
Venue details: The Legacy Botleigh Grange Hotel, Hedge End, Southampton. Sunday 19th September 2010. 11am till 4pm. Entry fee: £2.00 with free parking.
Further information visit: http://www.stylisheventsfayres.com/ or email: info@stylisheventsfayres.com
Labels: wedding fayre botleigh hampshire
New Forest National Park Authority reveals
what lies beneath the waves
People can find out about the New Forest National Park's rich coastal heritage whether they are below the waves, on the water or on the shore thanks to a unique underwater heritage trail.
The New Forest National Park Authority has placed four bright yellow buoys in the Solent to help reveal the area's fascinating maritime history. People sailing past can phone the number printed on the buoy to hear a recorded message revealing the history of the wrecks beneath.
Exploring the Margaret Smith Wreck
Soon divers will be able to take waterproof information 'slates' with them with advice about diving safely on the wrecks and revealing the historical significance of what they can discover on the seabed. The slates will be made available from local dive operators, clubs and shops.
Those confined to land are not excluded either. A leaflet giving more details about some of the 75 wrecks in the Solent along the National Park coastline is also available on the National Park's website (http://www.newforestnpa.gov.uk/), from dive shops and charter boats, and tourist information centres.
Buoy Marking - Margaret Smith Wreck
The team is also developing a dvd of underwater footage of the wrecks to take into schools.
James Brown, Maritime Archaeologist with the New Forest National Park Authority, said it is the only heritage trail in this country marking a series of wrecks.
He said : 'Archaeology is a window on the past and underwater archaeology has the greatest potential to add the most information as it's relatively unexplored – the underwater heritage trail is about finding the links to our history and telling the story of humans in times past.
'By increasing people's understanding and enjoyment of the National Park's coastal heritage, we hope people will appreciate it more and want to care for it for future generations.'
The four wrecks which have been marked with buoys are:
The Serrana – a steam ship torpedoed by a German U-boat in the First World War with the loss of five lives
The Fenna – a timber two-masted Dutch schooner which sank in bad weather in 1881
The Ceres – a steam barge which was caught out by strong winds and sank in 1898
The Margaret Smith - a dredger carrying a cargo of gravel which sunk in 1978. This represents the archaeology of the future, allowing archaeologists and divers to monitor how the ship deteriorates.
Labels: solent wrecks diving new forest national park authority
AFC Totton New Stadium Opening October
AFC Totton's New 3,000 capacity multi-purpose sports Soccer Stadium will be completed during October. Their goal is to turn the Stadium into one of the South's leading Sports facility.
This is going to be an exciting milestone in the Club's history and is already creating a massive buzz, not only with the local community, but across many southern counties in which the Teams play in their respective Leagues. Their website alone gets over 13,000 hits per week.
They anticipate a lot of media interest and would like to invite local businesses to share in their future success and media exposure. This can be achieved through a number of very attractive Sponsorship packages they have to offer. They would like the opportunity to make an appointment to visit companies within their catchment area and talk in person about how being part of AFC Totton can greatly benefit their business.
For further information, please contact Steve Lodge by email afctotton@gmail.com
AFC Totton Website: www.afctotton.co.uk/
Labels: afc totton soccer football hampshire uk
Celebrate the Bounty with Harvest VegEvent
Following on from the success of the Spring VegEvent held in February, Transition Fordingbridge is running a Harvest VegEvent on September 18th in the Victoria Rooms, Fordingbridge.
The objective is to celebrate the bounty of the season and to help anyone interested to grow, preserve, forage and eat more local produce. The Harvest VegEvent has a full programme kicking off with a talk on foraging at 10.30 am. by Lucy Cowles then at 11.30 am Natasha Moore of Perfect Preserves will demonstrate Pickles, Jams and Chutneys. Charles Dowding, author and commercial grower who was so well received at the Spring event will return at 1.30 pm to talk about extending the cropping season and storing vegetables for Winter consumption.
Throughout the event there will be stands offering relevant goods for sale and also small demonstrations such as apple juicing and seed saving. Emma Cooper, author and Blogger will be running a seed-swap. The only UK supplier of Kilner jar spares will be showing a selection of old preserving jars and selling the parts you need to get your dusty, rusty jars back into service. A number of other local suppliers will be there to show you their products and to answer questions.
Entry is free, however to help cover expenses donations for the talk by Charles Dowding will be welcome, this will be by way of a draw to win £50 worth of Garden Centre vouchers sponsored by Fairweathers of Beaulieu.
The already famous VegEvent stew will be served from 12am so that no one goes hungry during the day and of course there will be yummy cakes too.
Labels: harvest transition fordingbridge hampshire
War and Peace in the New Forest
A beautiful Autumn morning in the New Forest in Hampshire and a place where the biggest bomb ever to land in Britain was dropped in 1945. The site is now marked by the Ordance Survey as a Tumulus (OS GR SU200141). It's a good walk - but if you can't get there, just sit back and watch the video.
Many thanks to hawker121 on YouTube for a truely excellent video presentation on the New Forest.
Labels: new forest hampshire countryside bouncing bomb ashley cross nature
Halloween! What lurks in and around the Beaulieu R...
Gearing up for a two-wheeled weekend of family fun...
From Paraguay to the New Forest –Natural History M...
Stylish Events Fourth Spectacular Wedding Fair thi...
New Forest National Park Authority revealswhat lie...


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The Truth About Vietnamese Street Food, According To Jenny Lam - Exclusive
Craig Kinder
By Gene Gerrard/Sept. 15, 2021 1:28 pm EST
Jenny Lam appeared on Season 10 of "MasterChef Australia." Since then, Lam has enjoyed success with her restaurant, Bunn Mee, which she opened in Perth, Australia. Bunn Mee specializes in Vietnamese street food, and Lam's cookbook, "Eat Like A Viet," is an ode to the culture, food, and history of Vietnam. In an exclusive interview with Mashed, Lam told us that she has memories of her mother's delicious Vietnamese cooking and how it connected her family to their culture and heritage. Lam said that many of her friends who are Vietnamese-Australian can barely speak the language, let alone cook Vietnamese food, and she worries that their shared heritage could be lost.
Lam's cookbook is her attempt at preserving Vietnamese street food, which she fears is becoming too Westernized. "I want to pass it down, generation after generation. Hopefully, one day my kids can cook the food I grew up loving," she shared. While Lam and her photographer were shooting photos for the cookbook in Australia, she realized something was missing and that was Vietnam itself. So they flew to Vietnam and visited local markets, where Lam realized she needed to capture the Vietnamese food that her mother grew up with. And according to Lam, what you might think of as Vietnamese street food has actually been heavily influenced by French colonial rule.
Vietnamese street food is influenced by the country's history
Jenny Lam defines Vietnamese street food as "day-to-day ... humble peasant food." But some dishes were also influenced by France's decades-long occupation of Vietnam, which ended in 1954 (per Alpha History). According to Lam, the popular Vietnamese iced coffee was something the French left behind. It's an extra-strong brew with condensed milk, which, as Lam said "is definitely [a] French influence, and it's a permanent feature of the Vietnamese day-to-day life."
Another Vietnamese favorite is the bánh mì — the French baguette sandwich that Lam's restaurant is famous for — and is eaten in Vietnam any time of day for breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Lam added that "...the French really had a big influence on how Vietnam bakes." Although it might seem odd to find French puff pastry in Vietnam, it's been adapted into a savory snack with Asian flavors called bánh patê sô, a puff pastry pie stuffed with minced pork, water chestnuts, and fish sauce. "It's kind of odd," Lam said, "because you don't think that it would, but it works really well." As it turns out, much of Vietnamese street food is Asian and French fused together as its own unique cuisine.
For more information about Jenny Lam and her restaurant Bunn Mee, visit her Facebook page. Her cookbook "Eat Like A Viet" can be purchased as a Kindle version on Amazon.


text:
Thunderbolts members (Earth-12041), Masters of Evil members (Earth-12041), Sinister Six members (Earth-12041),
Secret Identity
Earth-12041 Characters
Single Characters
Alex Soto/Creator
Paul Dini/Creator
Living Characters
Abner Jenkins (Earth-12041)/Quotes
Armor Users
Abner Jenkins (Earth-12041)
Mach-IV
Abner Jenkins
Current Alias
Thunderbolts; formerly Masters of Evil Sinister Six
Base Of Operations
New York City, New York, United States of America
Adventurer, Formerly criminal
Earth-12041
Alex Soto, Paul Dini
"Beetle Mania"
Missed?! I never miss!
-- Beetle after missing his only shot on J. Jonah Jameson.
Abner Jenkins was a high team mercenary and assassin, he utilized the Beetle Armor a high tech suit that could fly and contained a whole host of weaponry. He is all business choosing not to talk on a mission. As an enemy of S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Coulson considered him his "favorite sparring partners".[1]
Beetle attacked the Daily Bugle to prevent J. Jonah Jameson from revealing his secret identity to the public. Spider-Man and his team of young heroes were put on Jamesons security detail. The Beetle planned to take Jameson before the released of his expose. In a security video it is shown that the Beetle released M.O.D.O.K. and provided stolen tech to Doctor Doom. The team boast on who can take down the Beetle, until Mary Jane Watson calls Peter to inform him she has a job interview with Jameson. They told him to stop her but Peter explained that she is the most stubborn people he knows. They form a plan to keep her away from Jameson, using Peter as a distraction, but it did not work. The team try to stop her from entering but she talks her way by them. A beetle drone knocks out Power Man and Iron Fist. Nova in the elevator tries to stop her but is tricked as well, only to have been knocked out by a Beetle drone. In the elevator the cable is cut and they go hurtling down, but it was only White Tiger try to keep Mary Jane safe, only to be taken out by the Beetle. Mary Jane decides to take the stairs instead, which to Peter's annoyance consisted of thirty flights. At the office they meet with Jameson's but Peter can not reach any of the others on his communicator. Peter's spider-sense goes office and he rushes her to Jameson's office, so he can change into Spider-Man. Spider-Man is attacked by a swarm of Beetle drones as the beetle attacks him from the elevator. Mary Jane had her interview as Spider-Man battled the Beetle outside. Using missiles the Beetles destroys the reception area. Using his webbing he flings him out the window only to be dragged behind as the Beetle used his jet pack. Spider-Man is knocked back into the building and the Beetle planned to blast Jameson's door, but the team arrive just in time to help. Five against one he prepares to launch all his weapons. The team struggles to fight him, until Spider-Man forms a plan inspired by the Trapster, using operation glue stick, which goes wrong. Nova is chased by a heat seeking missile. The missile is aimed by at the Beetle trapping him in ream of paper which he destroys. When he reaches Jameson's office he only finds Jameson on the Television screen, reporting from a secret location. The team take the Beetle away. [2]
Attack of the Beetle
Beetle was depicted as a highly capable criminal mercenary with a penchant for holding grudges. Out for revenge against Agent Coulson and fires a missile at May Parker but is deflected by Coulson using a tray and the patrons escape. They battle Beetle who attacks with Missiles while May is escorted to safety by Coulson. Spider-Man threw a piano at the Beetle to no avail, he attacks and the fight leads outside. Beetle then sets his eyes on Coulson again, but Spider-Man intervenes. Beetle attacks Coulson who shows his impressive fighting technique. He then disrupts the armor with a fork and smoke bombs the restaurant to escape, in that time he kidnaps May. Using the Spider-Cycle, they track Beetle to the USS Excelsior. They battle the Beetle on the ship but before he can fire a missile, May escapes and uses the jet engine to blast Beetle's armor off, allowing Coulson and Spider-Man to knock him out. He was then cuffed and S.H.I.E.L.D. was called to take him away.[1]
The site is attacked by Beetle out for revenge, he and Spider-Man fight, he escapes when Fury and backup arrive. Nick Fury teams Spider-Man up with former S.H.I.E.L.D. agent and Avenger Hawkeye. Now working together each tries to show off their technology and skill, when they heard word of Beetle. They raced across the city only to be attacked by a beetle drone. They take them out, only to be confronted with the real Beetle. They try to take him out but are bound together with Hawkeye adhesive arrow. They barely dodge his missiles but the Beetle escapes and are forced to get a cab to Jersey, much to the annoyance of the cab driver. At the construction site, Beetle is planning to destroy the Tri-Carrier. Now free from the adhesive binding them thanks to Beetle's laser, they are able to take him down, and he is taken away by S.H.I.E.L.D.[3]
Sinister Six
He joined Doctor Octopus's Sinister Six along with Electro, Rhino, Kraven the Hunter and Lizard. Spider-Man battled the six criminals but barely escaped into the sewer. The six tracked him, but split up allowing Spider-Man to capture Lizard and revert him back. But Doctor Octopus arrived and reverse the change and the Lizard escaped. With Spider-Man now captured they argued on who gets to kill him. Spider-Man escapes and leads them to the shipping yard, where they are filmed by the Daily Bugle Helicopter. Using the camera he called for help from the rest of the team. Fighting alone dodging each attack long enough, for everyone else to arrive. The two teams then battled, as they fight Spider-Man battles Lizard who is now free from Doc Ock's control escapes into the sewer. Spider-Man returns to the surface to destroys Doc Ock's robotic arms. The five criminals are then taken in custody by S.H.I.E.L.D. [4] For unknown reasons when the Sinister Six returned, Scorpion replaced Beetle, after he left for unknown reasons. [5]
The Beetle, under orders from Taskmaster, tracked Venom to Midtown High School and chases Flash. Spider-man stashes Flash into a locker to protect him, but Flash wanted to help. The suit activated, and Flash battles the Beetle. When Flash has him subdued, Spider-man tries to talk Flash into giving up the suit, and the two fight until Taskmaster arrived. Venom and Spider-man battled the Beetle and Taskmaster, Flash integrated parts of Beetle's suit, including rocket launchers and armor, and fully becoming Agent Venom.[6] The Beetle was later freed by Taskmaster during his attack on the Tricarrier.[7]
Beetle was one of the many villains kidnapped by the Collector to take part in the Contest of Champions. Working alongside Abomination and Executioner they are sent by Grandmaster to obtain Spider-Man for his contest against Collector. [8]
The Hydra update.
Beetle used an upgraded given to him by Doctor Octopus. He was taken down by the Web-Warriors before her could join the new Sinister Six.[9]
He joined the Masters of Evil along with Goliath, and Screaming Mimi. The team however was easily defeated by the Avengers.[10]
Baron Zemo
They team expanded to include Fixer, Moonstone but after an initial defeat they are later contacted by Baron Helmut Zemo who teleported them to his base in Brazil where he plans to improve the Masters of Evil. They start by attacking Avengers Tower while Hawkeye is the only one there during the time when the Avengers were handling a diversion at where the Masters of Evil were teleported to. Upon the Avengers returning, they help Hawkeye defeat the Masters of Evil. Baron Zemo escaped while the rest of the team was arrested.[11]
Baron Zemo disguised the team as the Thunderbolts taking one new identities becoming Citizen V, Mach-IV, Songbird, Atlas, Meteorite and Techno. They have been the debut superhero team that has been doing some heroics where they had a woman named Gabby as their publicist. The Thunderbolts are first seen when they help the Avengers take down Growing Man. The press ends up giving the Thunderbolts the credit. Iron Man later tracked them to their headquarters and had a brief altercation with them until a bomb sent by Justin Hammer nearly wiped them out. When it comes to three possible bunkers of Justin Hammer, each members of both teams went to them and fought each Mandroid. It was through one of them that Iron Man and Citizen V found that the Thunderbolts' publicist Gabby has connections with Justin Hammer. At the latest bunker, the Avengers and the Thunderbolts fought Justin Hammer in his Mega-Mandroid which had force field abilities. Thanks to Moonstone phasing through, the Mega-Mandroid was defeated with Justin Hammer being handed over to the authorities. Citizen V took the opportunity to fire Gabby as Iron Man is believed to think that the Thunderbolts are good guys after all. [12]
Ulysses Klaue was in the middle of a Vibranium heist until he ends up fighting the Avengers and the Thunderbolts. While fleeing from them, Klaw runs into Citizen V who was the one who secretly hired him to steal the Vibranium. Upon being defeated, Citizen V places a device on Klaw's unconscious body and some on the Vibranium containers. Later on, the device goes off which merges Klaw with the Vibranium turning him into a Vibranium version of himself. It took the Avengers and the Thunderbolts to defeat him. Suspicious of the Thunderbolts, Hawkeye finds out that they were the Masters of Evil and gets detected. Luckily for him, the Avengers showed up resulting a fight between the two groups. After being saved from death by Hawkeye during the robbery, and seeing what it's like be a hero, Songbird convinces the rest of the team to turn on Zemo. Together, the Avengers and Thunderbolts expose Zemo as Citizen V which leads to Zemo combining with the energies of Klaw to become an energy monster. Thanks to a strategy from Captain America and Songbird, the Thunderbolts were able to defeat the energy monster. While also stating that they might not have seen the last of Baron Zemo, Captain America advises to the other Thunderbolts members that they should turn themselves in and that they will become official heroes when they get out.[13]
Seemingly those of Abner Jenkins of Earth-616.
Beetle Armor: A notable trademark of this version of the character is the unusually large amount of fold-out rocket launchers hidden all over the surface of his armor.
Various high-tech weapons and gear.
His armor resembles his Ultimate counterpart.
Abner Jenkins is briefly seen in the imagination of White Tiger and Power Man of how they'd defeat the Beetle.[2]
Abner Jenkins is briefly shown beaten by Spider-Man and Dr. Curt Connors.[14]
18 Appearances of Abner Jenkins (Earth-12041)
Minor Appearances of Abner Jenkins (Earth-12041)
Media Abner Jenkins (Earth-12041) was Mentioned in
15 Images featuring Abner Jenkins (Earth-12041)
2 Quotations by or about Abner Jenkins (Earth-12041)
Character Gallery: Abner Jenkins (Earth-12041)
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Thunderbolts members (Earth-12041)
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text:
Die Buchenhöhle, auch Buchenloch genannt, bei Deutschfeistritz befindet sich in  im Kugelstein nördlich des Hauptortes von Deutschfeistritz, südlich von Badl und nordwestlich von Peggau, Steiermark in Österreich.

Lage
Die Buchenhöhle befindet sich im südwestlichen Hang des Kugelsteins, rund 20 Meter nordöstlich oberhalb der Fünffenstergrotte und östlich des Römerloches in einem Waldhang. Der Hauptzugang zur Höhle liegt etwas westlich oberhalb eines weiteren Einganges.

Beschreibung
Die rund 3 Meter lange Buchenhöhle hat zwei Eingänge bzw. Tagöffnungen. Im Bereich des Haupteinganges findet man eine große Auskolkung. Vom nordöstlichen Teil der Auskolkung zweigt ein 0,3 Meter hoher und 0,4 Meter breiter, dreieckiger Durchlass ab. Von diesem Durchlass führt ein 1,7 Meter hoher und 1 Meter breiter, an eine Kluft gebundener Gang etwa 2 Meter in den Berg hinein. Von diesem Gang gehen keine weiteren Verzweigungen ab.

Der Höhlenboden ist mit Frostschutt und Lehm bedeckt.

Quellen

Weblinks

Geographie (Deutschfeistritz)
Grazer Bergland
Orographie des Einzugsgebiets Mur

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia