text:
Hazard's United States Commercial and Statistical Register ..., Том 5
аутор(и): Samuel Hazard
THE FOREST.
AGRICULTURE.
Spirits from grain, beer, ale, and
porter....
Of the value of the exports of the growth, produce, and
Snuff and tobacco .
manufacture of the United States, during the year com-
Lead....
mencing on the 1st day of October, 1839, and ending Linseed oil
, and spirits of turpentine 63,348
on the 30th day of September, 1840.
Cordage...
Iron-pig, bar, and nails.
Fisheries-
Castings....
Dried fish, or cod fisheries ... $541,059
All manufactures of...
Pickled 6sh, or river fisheries,
Spirits from molasses
(herring, shad, salmon and
Sugar, refined..
mackerel)..
Whale and other fish oil 1,404,984
Gunpowder..
Sperinaceti oil ...
Copper and brass.
Whalebone.....
Medicinal drugs..
Spermaceti candles,
$3,198,370 Cotton piece goods—
Printed and colored..
White ...
Skins and furs....
$1,237,789 Nankeens...
Ginseng ....
Twist, yarn, and thread..... 31,445
Products of wood -
All other manufactures of ... 192,728
Staves, shingles, boards, hewn
timber ....
Other lumber..
Flax and hemp
Masts and spars.
Cloth and thread....
Oak bark, and other dye 229,510
Bags and manufactures of 1,128
All manufactures of wood... 596,305
Wearing apparel.
Naval stores, tar, pitch, rosin,
Combs and buttons
and turpentine....
Brushes ...
Ashes, pot and pearl. ...... 533,193
Billiard tables and apparatus
4,062,568 Umbrellas and parasols...
Leather and morocco skins not sold
per pound ....
Printing presses and type..
Fire engines and apparatus
Product of animals-
Musical instruments..
Beef, tallow, hides, horned
Books and maps..
cattle.....
Paper and stationery
Butter and cheese.
Paints and varnish.
Pork, (pickled,) bacon, lard,
Vinegar ...
live hogs..
Earthen and stone ware
Horses and mules.
Manufactures of glass..
Sheep......
Tin...
Pewter and lead. 15,296
Vegetable food-
Marble and stone 35,794
Wheat...
Gold and silver,
Flour ..
and gold leaf.. 1,965
Indian corn.
Gold and silver coin....... 2,235,073
Indian meal
Artificial flowers and jewellery
Rye meal....
Rye, oats, and other small
Trunks...
grain and pulse...... 113,393
Brick and lime.
Biscuit, or ship-bread..
Domestic salt
Apples..
Articles not enumerated-
Rice...
Manufactured...
$18,593.691
Tobacco......
9,883,957 TREASURY DEPARTMENT,
Cotton.
All other agricultural products —
Register's Office, June 8, 1841.
Flaxseed..
T. L. SMITH, Register.
Hops .....
Another Anthracite Furnace.
$177,384 The Crane Iron Company have commenced the erection
of another Anthracite Furnace in the vicinity of their pre-
sent works on the Lehigh, near Allentown. The new fur-
Soap, and tallow candles..
nace will be completed by about the middle of November,
Leather, boots and shoes
next. We are gratified to learn that the success of the fur-
Household furniture .
nace erected last year, has proved so satisfactory that the
Coaches and other carriages
proprietors have determined to increase their operations,
Hats ...
Every enterprise of this kind will aid in bringing into ope-
ration two of the greatest staples of Pennsylvania, Coal and
Wax.,
Iron,-Philadelphia Commercial List.
Brown sugar.
MAN OYACTURES.
BY JOEL MUXSELL.
Chronology and Statistics of Tobacco. masters. Europeans likewise already smoked it. We also
find from a passage in Cartier's Voyage, that it was used
in Canada. * The whole world, within the space of about three centu- In 1559, tobacco was introduced into Europe from St. ries, have become chewers, smokers and snuffers. The Chi. Domingo, by a Spanish gentleman named Hernandez de neso chews and smokes his opium, the East-Indian bis betel, Toledo, who brought a small quantity into Spain and Porand the European and American their tobacco. Against tugal. In the same year Jean Nicot, envoy from the court these practices it is useless to declaim. It was in vain that of France to Portugal, first transmitted thence to Paris, io the Parliament of England discouraged the flagrant delit Queen Catharine de Medicis, seeds of the tobacco plant; and of smoking ; in vain did James I. assure his subjects that the from this circumstance it acquired the name of Nicotiana. custom was " loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harm- : When tobacco began to be used in France, it was called ful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs and in the black herbe du grand prieure, from the grand prieure of the house stinking fume thereof, nearest resembling the horrible Sty of Lorraine, who was then very fond of it. It was also called gian smoke of the pit that is bottomless." The strong arm herbe de St. Croix, after Cardinal Prosper St. Croix, who, of the law opposed it; the priest and the physician, the mo- on his return from Portugal, where he had been nuncio from ralist and the philanthropist arrayed themselves against it; the Pope, introduced the custom of using tobacco. It was all to no purpose. Opposition only served to make prose- received at once in France and the Papal Siates with great lytes, and the custom has spread far and wide under perse. enthusiasm, in the form of powder, or snuff; it was somecution, till over the whole surface of the globe its fumes arise time after this period, that smoking became popular. constantly to the atmosphere, and it is at this moment, per- In 1565, Conrad Gesner became acquainted with tobacco. haps, the most general luxury in existence. In the city of At that time several botanists cultivated it in their gardens. New York alone, the consumption of cigars is computed at The same year Sir John Hawkins carried tobacco from ten thousand dollars a day—a sum greater than that which Florida to England, where "all men wondered what it its inhabitants pay for their daily bread; and in the whole meant." country the annual consumption of tobacco is estimated at
In 1570, they smoked in Holland out of conical tubes one hundred million pounds, being seven pounds to every composed of palm leaves, plaited together. man, woman and child, at an annual cost to the consumer,
In 1575, first appeared a figure of the plant in Andre of twenty millions of dollars !
Thevot's Cosmographie. It may be curious to mark by what gradations the use of i. In 1585, the English first saw pipes made of clay among tobacco has reached this grand crisis. The subject attracted the natives of Virginia, which had just been discovered by the attention of Prof. Beckmann of Gottingen, about the Sir Richard Grenville. It appears likewise that the English middle of the last century, who took great pains to ascertain soon after fabricated the first clay tobacco pipes in Europe. the dates of its introduction into the different countries of In 1590, Schah Abbas of Persia, prohibited the use of toEurope, and from whose work some of the following items bacco in his empire; but the practice had become so deepare gathered. He conjectures that even before the discovery rooted among his subjects, that many of them fled to the of the fourth quarter of the globe, a sort of tobacco was mountains, and abandoned everything else to enjoy the lux• smoked in Asia ; and this opinion was also entertained by ury of smoking. the celebrated traveller, M. Pallas, who says that, " Among In the beginning of the seventeenth century they began the Chinese, and among the Mogol tribes who had the most to cultivate tobacco in the East Indies. intercourse with them, the custom of smoking is so general, In 1604, James I. of England endeavored by means of 80 frequent, and become so indispensable a luxury; the to- heavy imposts, to abolish the use of tobacco, which he held bacco purse affixed to their belt so necessary an article of to be a noxious weed. dress ; the form of the pipes, from which the Dutch seem to In 1610, the smoking of tobacco was known at Constan. have taken the model of their's as original; and, lastly, the tinople. To render the custom ridiculous, a Turk, who bad preparation of the yellow leaves, which are merely rubbed to been found smoking, was conducted about the streets, with pieces and then put into the pipe, so peculiar, that we can- a pipe transfixed through his nose. For a long time after, not possibly derive all this by the way of Europe from Ame- the Turks purchased tobacco from the English, and that the rica, especially as India, where the habit of smoking tobacco refuse. It was late before they began to cultivate the plant is not so general, intervenes between Persia and China." It themselves. may be too late now to investigate the subject, even if it In 1615, tobacco began to be sown about Amersfort, in should be considered worth the trouble. But there is one Holland, which afterwards became famous for its cultivation. more important confirmation of Prof. Beckmann's conjec- In 1616, the colonists began to cultivate tobacco in Vir. ture to be adduced from Ulloa's Voyage to America, who ginia. It is not known whether the plant was indigenous, says: "It is not probable that the Europeans learned the or whether it came from a more southern country. It is supuse of tobacco from America; for as it is very ancient in the posed the seeds were from Tobago. But it seems to have eastern countries, it is natural to suppose that the knowledge been in use among the Virginia Indians at the time they of it came to Europe from those regions by means of the in- were visited by the English, and was called by them petun, tercourse carried on with them by the commercial states on or petum. Clavigero says, " tobacco is a name taken from the Mediterranean Sea. Nowhere, not even in those parts the Haitine language." Humboldt also derives it from the of America where the tobacco grows wild, is the use of it, same language, and says that the term was used to desigand that only for smoking, either general, or very frequent." nate the pipe, or instrument made use of by the natives in We have nothing, however, authentic, carlier than the fol- smoking the herb, which the Spaniards transferred to the lowing:
herb itself, and after them, the other nations of the old world. In 1496, Romanus Paine, a Spanish monk, whom Colum- In 1619, James I. wrote his Counterblast to Tobucco, bus, on his second departure from America had left in that and ordered that no planter in Virginia should cultivate country, published the first account of tobacco, with which he became acquainted in St. Domingo. He gave it the name There groweth a certain kind of herbe, whereof in of cohoba, cohabba, gioia.
summer they make great provision for all the yeere, and only In 1519, tobacco is said to have been discovered by the the men use of it; and first they cause it to be dried in the Spaniards near Tobasco, though it is assigned to the next sunne, then weare it about their neckes, wrapped in a little year.*
beastes skinne made like a little bagge, with a hollow peece In 1535, the negroes had already habituated themselves of stone or wood like a pipe; then when they please they to the use of it, and cultivated it on the plantations of their ' make poudre of it, and then put in one of the ends of the
said cornet or pipe, and laying a coal of fire upon it, at the *" Cette plante, (tabac,) acre et caustique, trouvee in other end sucke so long, that they fill their bodies full of 1520, pres de Tobasco dans le golfe du Mexique."-- Precis smoke, till that it cometh out of their mouth and nostrils, sur l'Amerique, p. 116.
even as out of the tonnell of a chimney."
more than one hundred pounds a year. He also prohibited In 1724, Pope Benedict XIV. revoked the Bull of excomits sale in England or Ireland until the custom should be munication published by Innocent, because he had acquired paid and the royal seal asfixed. Twenty thousand pound the habit of taking snuit. were exported this year from Virginia to England, the whole In 1732, tobacco was made a legal tender in Maryland, crop of the preceding year.
at one penny a pound. In 1620, ninety young women were sent over from Eng. In 1747, and the two years previous, there were annually land to America and sold to the planters for tobacco, at one exported to England from the American colonies, 40,000,hundred and twenty pounds each. The price at first was 000 pounds of tobacco, 7,600,000 of which was consumed one hundred pounds, which gradually increased to one hun. in England. The annual revenue was about $4,500,000. dred and fifty pounds. King James issued a proclamation In 1753, the King of Portugal farmed out the tobacco restraining the disorderly trade in this obnoxious article. In trade for about $2,500,000. The revenue of the King of the same year some English companies introduced the Spain from tobacco, amounted to $6,330,000. smoking of tobacco into Zittau, in Germany, and Robert In 1759, the duties on tobacco in Denmark, brought in Konigsman, a merchant, brought the tobacco plant from $40,000. England to Strasburg.
In 1770, the Empress of Austria received a revenue from In 1622, the annual import of tobacco into England from tobacco of $300,000. America, for the last seven years, was 142,085 pounds. In 1773, the duties on tobacco in the two Sicilies, amount
In 1624, the Pope published a decree of excommunica ed to $446,000. tion against all who should take snuff in the church, because In 1775, the annual export of tobacco from the Uniteul then already some Spanish ecclesiastics used it during the States, for the last four years, was one million pounds ; fur celebration of mass. King James restricted the culture of the last thirty years it averaged 40,000,000 pounds, of which tobacco to Virginia and the Somer isles, and forbade its im- 7,000,000 were consumed in Great Britain, and 33,000,000 portation from any other quarter, considering England and in the other European countries. Wales "as utterly unfyt in respect of the clymate, to cherish In 1780, the King of France received from tobacco a rethe same for any medicinall use, which is the only good to venue of about $7,250,000. be approved in yt."
In 1782, the annual export of tobacco during the precedIn 1631, smoking of tobacco was introduced into Misnia, ing seven years' war of the Revolution, had been 12,378,504 by some Swedish troops.
pounds. Of the total seven years' exportation, 33,974,949 In 1634, a tribunal, called the chamber of tobacco, was pounds were captured by the British. formed at Moscow, which prohibited smoking under pain of In 1787, the quantity imported into Ireland was 1,877,having the nose slit; and the Grand Duke defended the en. 579 ; in 1829, 4,124,742 pounds. trance of tobacco with the infliction of the knout for the first In 1789, the quantity exported from the United States, offence, and death for the second.
together with the two previous years, averaged about 90,In 1639, the grand assembly of Virginia passed a law that 000,000 pounds. all tobacco planted in that and the two succeeding years, In 1820, the quantity of tobacco grown in France had should be destroyed, except such a proportion to each plan- doubled in three years, being 32,887,500 pounds. ter as should make in the whole 120,000 pounds, and that In 1828, the revenue on tobacco in the State of Maryland the creditors of the planters should receive 40 pounds for was $27,275. every 100 pounds due them.
In 1830, the revenue on tobacco and snuff in Great Bri. In 1653, smoking began in the canton of Apenzell, in Swit- tain was nearly $13,000,000. zerland. At first the children ran after those who smoked In 1834, the value of tobacco used in the United States, in the streets. They were likewise cited before the council was estimated at $16,000,000; of which $9,000,000 were and punished, and the inn-keepers were ordered to inform supposed to have been for smoking Spanish cigars ; $6,500,against such as should smoke in their houses,
000 for smoking American tobacco and chewing; and $500,In 1661, the police regulation of Berne, in Switzerland, 000 for snuff. was made, which was divided according to the ten command
In 1838, the annual consumption of tobacco in the United ments. In it, the prohibition to smoke tobacco, stands under States was estimated at one hundred million pounds, valued the rubric, "thou shalt not commit adultery," and was con
at twenty million dollars cost to the consumers, being seven tinued in force until the middle of the last century.
pounds to each individual of the whole population. In 1669, the crimes of adultery and fornication, were punished in Virginia by a fine of from 500 to 1000 pounds
In 1840, it was ascertained by a committee appointed to of tobacco.
procure and report statistical information on the subject, that In 1670, and the two following years, smoking of tobacco about one million five hundred thousand persons were enwas punished in the canton of Glaurus, by a fine of one gaged in the manufacture and cultivation of tobacco in the crown Swiss money.
United States; one million of whom were in the States of In 1676, the whole custom on tobacco from Virginia, col- Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. Allowing the lected in England, was $600,000. In the same year two population of the whole country to be seventeen millions, it Jews first attempted the cultivation of tobacco in the mar
will be seen that nearly one-tenth are in some way engaged gravate of Brandenburg; but which, however, was not brought in the cultivation or manufacture of this article. The value to bear till 1681.
of the export during that year was nearly $10,000,000. In 1689, Jacob Francis Vicarius, an Austrian physician,
(.Northern Light. invented the tubes for tobacco pipes, which have capsules
Albany, September, 1841. containing bits of sponge ; however, about the year 1670, already pipes were used having glass globules appended to them, to collect the oily moisture exuding from the tobacco.
Efect of Enterprise. In 1690, Pope Innocent XII. excommunicated all who should be guilty of taking snuff or tobacco in the church of The Directors of the Great Western Railroad made a reSt. Peter at Rome.
port to the Legislature of Massachusetts last winter, in which In 1697, great quantities of tobacco already were produced they gave encouragement that this stupendous work would in the palatinate of Hesse.
be finished to the State line, thirty miles from the Hudson In 1709, the yearly exports of tobacco from America for river, during the nionth of May, 1842. Last Saturday week the last ten years, were 28,858,666 pounds; of which 11,- the work was completed, and for the first time the cars ran 260,659 pounds were annually consumed in Great Britain, direct from Boston to the Hudson river, a distance of about and 17,598.007 pounds in the countries of Europe. 160 miles! This has been accomplished eight months in
In 1719, the Senate of Strasburg prohibited the culture of advance of the time stipulated, a circumstance without a tobacco from an apprehension that it would diminish the parallel in the history of railroads, and will cause a saving growing of corņ,
of about $200,000 to the stockholders. -North American.
Steamship Clarion and Anthracite Coals.
Revolutionary Reminiscence.
This packet ship, provided, as our readers are aware, with
It has been stated in several of the papers that Mr. Squiers, an auxiliary steam power and the Erricson Propeller, made of Ashford, Connecticut, who died a few weeks since, was a trial excursion in the Bay last Saturday, the result of which the last of the survivors of the battle of Bunker Hill. This may be considered of sonie importance in connexion with is not correct. Philip Bagley, Esq. of this town, now cighty. the progress of American steam navigation.
Ii has long been urged by grave authorities, that nature six years of age, and enjoying a healthful old age, in the full has interposed an effectual barrier to prevent the United possession of all his faculties, was in that battle.' Being in States fro:n competing with Great Britain in steam naviga- which we have thrown together for the benefit of those of
our office the other day, we procured from him some facts tion, owing to the scarcity and inferior quality of our bituminous coals. The absurdity of this opinion was strikingly of the times of devoted and unselfish patriotism.
our readers who love to indulge in these old reminiscences illustrated in the trial alluded to.
Mr. Bagley was a private soldier in Capt. Sawyer's comThe public generally are not aware that the Clarion's boilers have been constructed for burning anthracite cuals pany, and Col. Frye's regiment of Massachusetts minute only, and that artificial draught is employed in order to dis He left Haverhill, on the Merrimack, at 1 o'clock on the
men, having enlisted in this regiment, in December 1774.pense with the usual tall and cumbrous smoke-pipe. Hith- 19th of April and arrived at Cambridge, at 10 o'clock the erto some difficulty has been experienced in keeping up a sufficient supply of steam in the Clarion;" but by the ad- next day. Nothing worthy of notice, he says, transpired dition of a small steam cylinder for working the blower ap. Col. Frye's regiment, together with Col. Dodge's of Con
until the evening, of the 16th of June. On that evening, plied to the boiler, this difficulty has now been most com necticut, crossed the neck, and went on to Bunker Hill, pletely removed, and nothing could be more perfect than the control which the engineer had over the steam during the where the British troops had previously halted on their retrial. By simply turning a stop-cock attached to the small treat from Concord, in April. "After remaining there about cylinder, the quantity and pressure of the steam in the boil- an hour, both regiments proceeded to Breed's Hill. Here
they commenced breaking grounds for their entrenchments, ers were raised at pleasure.
Considering the small quantity of stowage room required between 10 and 11 o'clock at night, working all night so hy anthracito coals, its cleanliness, powerful heating quali- secretly and silently that the Glasgow sloop of war, lying in asserting, after what we witnessed on board the " Clarion," from Copp's Hill and from the shipping. The Glasgow soon ties, and the perfect absence of smoke, we hazard nothing in the river at a short distance, did not discover them. At day
light they were discovered and a fire was opened upon them that so far from the United States laboring under any disad- hauled up the stream, in order to rake the Neck with her vantage respecting coals for steam navigation, we possess, shot, and prevent reinforcements from reaching the bill.-in our inexhaustible stores of anthracite coals, an absolute advantage over our transatlantic neighbors. And in warfare Notwithstanding the shot and shells continued to pour in
upon them, the Americans continued to work upon their enwe have an advantage of the most vital importance.
trenchments, and but one man was killed by the cannonade. Steamers burning bituminous coal can be " tracked " sea at least seventy miles before their hulls become visible Sentries were stationed to watch the flash from the gun, and by tho dense columns of black smoke pouring out of their on their calling out " shot !" the men would lie down flat pipes, and trailing along the horizon. It is a complete tell- upon the ground, and then rise and resume their work. This tale of their wherсabouts, which is not the case with those continued until the British troops landed at Charlestown,
when the Americans were compelled to leave the spade and burning anthracite coal, as the latter kind sends forth no smoke, Therefore all steamers like the " Clarion" and pick-axe, and resort to their guns. The first division of the "Kamschatka," are decidedly superior to all others in time British troops, on landing, halted till the second had crossed And we regret very much that our two new war der cover of the fire from Copp's Hill, and from the sloop of
the river, when both formed, and advanced up the hill, unsteamers, the " Missouri " and " Mississippi," have been
war and the gun boats. constructed to burn foreign bituminous coals only! We regret very much that the Board of Construction" bad so their fire, until the British were within a hundred yards,
As is well known to every reader, the Americans reserved little foresight. But this en passant. Having had the advantage of conversing with some twice repulsed them, and it was not until the third rally that
when they opened so deadly a tire upon them, that they thorough-bred engineers who were on board the Clarion, we the British succeeded in surrounding the lines, so as to rake cannot avoid noticing the performance of the propeller during the trial. The speed of the engine being accurately tried, the breast work, and compel the Americans to retreat. it was found to give 4,700 revolutions to the propeller in
Fisty years aster this memorable battle, Mr. Bagley was running over a space of 14 n.iles. Now, the propeller being present, with Lafayette, and other survivors of the
revolution, 64 feet in diameter; and its spiral plates being set at an an- the 10th of September, 1840, he was there again at the Great
at the laying of the corner stone of the Monument, and on gle of 46 degrees at the circumference, its progressive movement through the water will be precisely 20 feet for each re
Whig Convention, in the full vigor of manhood, and he volution ; had therefore the resistance of the water been per
hopes yet to live to see the top stone laid upon the monu.
mental fect, the vessel could only have passed over a space of 95,
pile.--Newburyport Herald. 900 feet.
Gold Mines in Georgia. But 14 miles is equal to 73,900—thus it will be seen that only 2-9ths was lost by slip on the receding of the water- We have been favored by a friend with the following exa remarkable fact, considering the large midship section of tract of the letter received a day or two since, from a gentlethe " Clarion," compared with the small dimension of the man of high respectability residing in the Cherokee Country. propeller.
Sixes, we are informed, is an old Indian town, where several Respecting the consumption of fuel in the "Clarion," it lots of land were found to have very rich surface, deposit and has now been fully ascertained 320 pounds per hour is the vein mines of gold. Some four years since we understand average, which is less than that required by a British steamer $12,000 was taken from a branch on its margin, and many of forty horse power.—New York Herald.
other lots near by were found to be valuable.
[Savannah Repub, oldest Man in New England. Deacon John Whitman was born in Bridgewater, March
Hickony Flats, Cher. Co.? 25, 1735, and entered upon his one hundred and seventh
October 1, 1841. 5 year last Friday, (March 26th.) His bodily health is good, The gold mine of Gerald's continues to be pretty good , and he is able to walk out without a cane. His mental fac- they have taken some 800 dwis. from it, one piece weighing ulties have failed him, and he has lost his eye-sight. He 18 dwts. About the Sixes they continue to take it with great has been a temperate man all his life; not having tasted ar- success—three hands frequently make from 50 to 100 dwts, dent spirits for the last fifty years.
of war.
more than one hundred pounds a year. He also prohibited In 1724, Pope Benedict XIV. revoked the Bull of excomits sale in England or Ireland until the custom should be munication published by Innocent, because he had acquired paid and the royal seal affixed. Twenty thousand pounds the habit of taking snuff. were exported this year from Virginia to England, the whole In 1732, tobacco was made a legal tender in Maryland, crop of the preceding year.
at one penny a pound. In 1620, ninety young women were sent over from Eng. In 1747, and the two years previous, there were annually land to America and sold to the planters for tobacco, at one exported to England from the American colonies, 40,000,hundred and twenty pounds each. The price at first was 000 pounds of tobacco, 7,000,000 of which was consumed one hundred pounds, which gradually increased to one hun in England. The annual revenue was about $4,500,000. dred and fifty pounds. King James issued a proclamation In 1753, the King of Portugal farmed out the tobacco restraining the disorderly trade in this obnoxious article. In trade for about $2,500,000. The revenue of the King of the same year some English companies introduced the Spain from tobacco, amounted to $6,330,000. smoking of tobacco into Zittau, in Germany, and Robert In 1759, the duties on tobacco in Denmark, brought in Konigsman, a merchant, brought the tobacco plant from $40,000. England to Strasburg.
In 1624, the Pope published a decree of excommunica ed to $446,000. tion against all who should take snuff in the church, because In 1775, the annual export of tobacco from the Uniteil then already some Spanish ccclesiasties used it during the States, for the last four years, was one million pounds ; for celebration of mass. King James restricted the culture of the last thirty years it averaged 40,000,000 pounds, of which tobacco to Virginia and the Somer isles, and forbade its im- | 7,000,000 were consumed in Great Britain, and 33,000,000 portation from any other quarter, considering England and in the other European countries. Wales "as utterly unfyt in respect of the clymate, to cherish In 1780, the King of France received from tobacco a rethe same for any medicinall use, which is the only good to venue of about $7,250,000. be approved in ye."
In 1782, the annual export of tobacco during the precedIn 1631, smoking of tobacco was introduced into Misnia, ing seven years' war of the Revolution, had been 12.378,504 by some Swedish troops.
together with the two previous years, averaged about 90,In 1639, the grand assembly of Virginia passed a law that000,000 pounds. all tobacco planted in that and the two succeeding years, In 1820, the quantity of tobacco grown in France had should be destroyed, except such a proportion to each plan- doubled in three years, being 32,887,500 pounds. ter as should make in the whole 120,000 pounds, and that In 1828, the revenue on tobacco in the State of Maryland the creditors of the planters should receive 40 pounds for was $27,275. every 100 pounds due them.
In 1830, the revenue on tobacco and snuff in Great BriIn 1653, smoking began in the canton of Apenzell, in Swit- tain was nearly $13,000,000. zerland. At first the children ran after those who smoked In 1834, the value of tobacco used in the United States, in the streets. They were likewise cited before the council was estimated at $16,000,000 ; of which $9,000,000 were and punished, and the inn-keepers were ordered to inform supposed to have been for smoking Spanish cigars ; $6,500,against such as should smoke in their houses.
000 for smoking American tobacco and chewing; and $500,In 1661, the police regulation of Berne, in Switzerland, 000 for snuff. was made, which was divided according to the ten command.
United States; one million of whom were in the States of In 1676, the wbole custom on tobacco from Virginia, col- Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. Allowing the lected in England, was $600,000. In the same year two population of the whole country to be seventeen millions, it Jews first attempted the cultivation of tobacco in the mar
(Northern Light. inrented the tubes for tobacco pipes, which have capsules
Albany, September, 1841. conlaining bits of sponge ; however, about the year 1670, already pipes were used having glass globules appended to them, to collect the oily moisture exuding from the tobacco.
Effect of Enterprise. In 1690, Pope Innocent XII. excommunicated all who should be guilty of taking snuff or tobacco in the church of The Directors of the Great Western Railroad made a reSt. Peter at Rome.
port to the Legislature of Massachusetts last winter, in which In 1697, great quantities of tobacco already were produced they gave encouragement that this stupendous work would in tho palatinate of Hesse.
be finished to the State line, thirty miles from the Hudson In 1709, the yearly exports of tobacco from America for river, during the n.onth of May, 1842. Last Saturday week the last ten years, were 28,858,666 pounds; of which 11,- the work was completed, and for the first time the cars ran 260,659 pounds were annually consumed in Great Britain, direct from Boston to the Hudson river, a distance of about and 17.698.007 pounds in the countries of Europe. 160 miles! This has been accomplished eight months in
In 1719, the Senate of Strasburg probibited the culture of advance of the time stipulated, a circumstance without a tobacco from an apprehension that it would diminish the parallel in the history of railroads, and will cause a saving growing of corn,
of about $200,000 to the stockholders.-North American.


Charlie, enjoying a quiet moment in our hotel, Shatili Tower.
In his excellent TedTalk on creating a movement, Derek Sivers illustrates how a 'lone nut,' in this case a crazy dancing guy at an outdoor concert, can become the leader of a movement. In the video, a man starts out dancing wildly on his own, but soon finds himself in the middle of an ecstatic crowd mimicking his moves.
I often showed this video when lecturing on social action in my Introduction to Sociology class. On a visit to the Republic of Georgia, I got to see this process in real life. I watched my friend Charlie, a community newspaper writer and editor from a small town in New Hampshire, create a movement. From a 'lone nut' moving rocks by hand on a washed-out mountain road, Charlie became a leader. Stranded but newly motivated strangers followed his lead, bent down alongside him, and moved rocks by hand. In the end, stone-by-stone, we all got home.


After desktop version of Windows 7, it's server counterpart finally got a day in the sun. Microsoft Vice President Bill Laing pointed out the obvious difference between the products that would use the server software, as compared to Netbooks and other PCs built on Windows 7.
"We actually use forklift devices to bring our toys," he said, pointing to several refrigerator-size servers that were on stage with him.
Next week, the company plans to launch the small and midsize business versions of its server products–Windows Small Business Server 2008 (formerly code-named Cougar) and Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (formerly code-named Centro).
But the main focus was on the server version of Windows 7, known as Windows Server 2008 R2. It's noteworthy because, on the server side, Microsoft is characterizing Windows 7 as a minor release, while the desktop Windows 7 is being called a major release–albeit one with fewer low-level changes than came with Vista.
As for Windows Server 2008 R2, Laing confirmed its statement that it will be 64-bit only.
Other features include support for more processors–256 compared to 64 in Windows Server 2008–as well as live migration and the next version of its PowerShell scripting language. Live migration was a feature originally planned for the first release of Windows Server 2008, but the plan was scrapped as Microsoft aimed to get the product out the door.


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Manchester United predicted XI and team news vs Wolves: Ole Gunnar Solskjaer likely to restore Pogba and Cavani to starting line-up
Date: 29th December 2020 at 11:06am
Written by: Dermot Turner
Manchester United extended their unbeaten run in the Premier League to eight matches with a 2-2 draw at Leicester City on Boxing Day.
The result leaves Ole Gunnar Solskjaer's side fourth in the table but having played at least one game less than the three sides above them.
Of those eight matches, the Red Devils have won six with the other draw coming at home against Manchester City.
Despite being in such a good run of form, the Norwegian boss will be wary that the majority of their wins have come away from home with just two from seven at Old Trafford.
United are on a great run of form.
But after beating Leeds 6-2 in their last outing at home, Solskjaer will now be aiming for another three points against a Wolves side which has lost four of their seven away matches.
With another match against in-form Aston Villa to come on Friday evening, it will be interesting to see what players the Red Devils boss picks to face Nuno Espirito Santo's side.
Here we predict the Manchester United starting XI to take on Wolves…
Goalkeeper:
Dean Henderson has had a few opportunities in the Premier League this term but Solskjaer will again stick with his first-choice, David De Gea. The Spaniard has only actually kept three clean sheets in the top-flight this term but will be hoping to make it four on Tuesday.
Solskjaer opted to play Eric Bailly alongside Harry Maguire on Boxing Day, pushing Victor Lindelof out to right-back. However, the Swede was substituted against Leicester due to his chronic back injury so is expected to be replaced for this one. Aaron Wan-Bissaka may not make the Wolves game after only returning to training on Monday meaning Axel Tuanzebe could get more minutes at right-back. At left-back, Luke Shaw and Alex Telles have rotated in recent games so we think the latter will play after the England international got the nod at Leicester.
Despite impressing in recent appearances, Paul Pogba had to settle for a substitute appearance against Leicester. However, the Frenchman should be back in the XI for the visit of Wolves with Nemanja Matic also expected to be recalled to rotate with Fred and Scott McTominay. One player who's simply undroppable and won't be rotated is Bruno Fernandes. The Portuguese grabbed another goal and assist on Boxing Day and will again play in the number 10 role.
United won 2-0 at Everton in the League Cup quarter-finals on Wednesday.
Edinson Cavani is expected to be back in the starting XI with Marcus Rahsford a doubt with a shoulder problem picked up against Leicester. Although the England star's problem isn't said to be too bad, Solskjaer may not want to risk him with so many games coming up. That means Cavani is likely to play in the central role with Anthony Martial shifting out to the left hand side. Dan James put in another good shift for United at Leicester but we're expecting Mason Greenwood to play on the right side against Wolves.
Predicted Manchester United XI vs Wolves; De Gea; Tuanzebe, Bailly, Maguire, Telles; Pogba, Matic, Fernandes; Greenwood, Martial, Cavani.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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After The Return
Forty years after its reversion, Okinawa has become Japan's democratic powder keg
By Metropolis | Posted on April 27, 2012
Originally published on metropolis.co.jp on April 2012
May 15, 2012 will mark the 40th anniversary of Okinawa's reversion to Japan after nearly three decades of occupation by the US. For many Okinawans, this day will not be a day of celebration, but a reminder of their ongoing struggle for self-determination. While most of the world believes that the Empire of Japan ended 65 years ago with the country's new constitution, Okinawa challenges that definition as the one colonized nation still under Japan's dominion. Since before the dawn of the nation-state era, the island kingdom has found itself at the center of devious power games played by much larger neighbors—and is now at a crossroads. Will it continue to be crushed between the interests of the world's heaviest contenders—or become the spark that ignites civil democracy in Japan and beyond?
"Okinawa" is the name of a Japanese prefecture, an archipelago and an island. The prefecture consists of about 160 islands belonging to the geographical formation known as the Ryukyu Arc, which spans from the coast of Kyushu to Taiwan. The prefecture's islands are often grouped into three archipelagos, the Okinawa Islands, Miyako Islands and Yaeyama Islands. The largest island, Okinawa, is the home of prefectural capital Naha.
Superficially, Okinawa might conjure images of creamy beaches and pastel skies punctuated by clots of unsightly US military bases—an island paradise with a few imperfections. However, the real picture is much more insidious. "Okinawa has been colonized so much that people forget it's a colony," observes Ryan Yokota, an Okinawan-American and University of Chicago PhD candidate specializing in post-WWII Okinawan nationalism.
Although it never formally established itself as a nation-state in the European sense, just 140 years ago the Ryukyu Kingdom (as Okinawa was known at the time) met several common nation-defining criteria: it had its own nobility, it was an established member of the Chinese tributary trade system (somewhat analogous to a cross between today's UN and WTO), and it had its own group of languages, distinct from its neighbors.
However, when nation-state fever swept through Asia at the end of the 19th century, the Kingdom had no discernable nationalist movement, making it an easy target for Empire-frenzied Japan. "There was no movement on the part of the Ryukyu royalty to institute a modern popular sense of nationalism," comments Yokota. "If you compare Hawaii for example, there was a [nation-state building] movement prior to its occupation by the US," he adds. "Even in Tibet you saw that." In contrast, the Ryukyu Kingdom already had an ambiguous tribute-trade relationship with both Japan and China. Under pressure from Japan, King Sho Tai abdicated, and was forced to move to Tokyo, to become a marquis under the kazoku peerage system of the Meiji Empire; with the Ryukyu Kingdom officially becoming Meiji Japan's Okinawa Prefecture in 1879.
The Ryukyuan court covertly appealed to the Qing court in China, provoking Chinese representatives, such as Viceroy Li Hongzhang, to try to obtain intervention from US President Ulysses S. Grant. A number of proposals were discussed; including some that could have allowed independence for the Ryukyuan state. However, any territorial hopes on the Chinese side, or hopes for independence on the Ryukyuan side, were dashed by the First Sino-Japanese War over Korea—sealing the fate of the Ryukyu nation until World War II.
Japan's defeat in the Pacific War freed other occupied nations like China and Korea, but Okinawa followed a different trajectory. While the bloody "Typhoon of Steel" (Battle of Okinawa) in 1945 wrested the island chain from the Emperor's clutches, in many ways the subsequent period of US occupation was even worse. After seeing their land destroyed, Okinawans saw it seized for military bases under US martial law, while the local economy languished. Some villagers were even relocated to Bolivia, as documented by Kozy Amemiya of the Japan Policy Research Institute.
By the 1950s it was clear that Japan's postwar growth "miracle" had begun, and yet while its quality of life soared, Okinawa was mired in a military economy characterized by "a subculture of bars, prostitutes and racism," in the words of scholar Chalmers Johnson. As a result many began to see reunification with their former colonial masters as the lesser of two evils. "They thought to themselves, 'If we go to Japan we can at least get under the peace constitution, regain our civil rights, and we can get rid of the bases,'" remarks Yokota. It wasn't just the Okinawans who wanted reunification. Japan saw Okinawa's reversion as symbolic closure to the war; while the US was happy to receive the generous financial incentives on offer.
In order to reunify, however, the Okinawans would need to first reinforce their "Japanese" identity. Accordingly, Japanese replaced the Ryukuan languages in public schools, with entire generations growing up ignorant of the languages. Although a recent movement has tried to revive, or at least preserve, what is left of them, the damage has been done. "By 2030 the last completely fluent speakers will be gone … and by 2080 nobody will be able to understand the Ryukuan languages," concedes linguistics professor Patrick Heinrich of Saitama's Dokkyo University.
Okinawa Peace Network Japan (Japanese)
Hawaii Okinawa Alliance
US for Okinawa Peace Action Network
Society of Okinawa Language Revitalization (Japanese)
Ultimately, reversion ended up being good business for all involved—except the Okinawans. While America returned official title, its bases remained. Today, about 75 percent of all US bases in Japan are located in Okinawa, covering an incredible 11 percent of the islands' total land area, and 18 percent on Okinawa Island itself. Local landowner opposition was bought off with handsome payments. "Viewed in the context of Japanese politics, this was a small price to pay for leaving mainland Japan relatively free of the American military presence… quarantining it if you will," explains Professor Mark Selden of Cornell University's East Asia Program.
Okinawa scholar Gavan McCormack, author of the upcoming Resistant Islands, argues that, "since the 'reversion' to Japan of 1972 … Okinawans have consistently struggled to regain their lands and to limit and remove the US military presence."
But this simmering dissatisfaction did not explode until 1995. The kidnap and rape of a 12-year-old Okinawan girl by three US servicemen fueled massive demonstrations and a modern nationalist movement calling for increased autonomy and reduced American presence. Then Governor Masahide Ota even refused to renew land leases for US bases (he was eventually forced to comply by Japan's Supreme Court). With a growing number of activist groups, organized protests, and local political dissent, the US attempted to diffuse tensions by relocating Futenma, its most notorious base, to a new location in less populated Henoko. However, opposition continued to amplify.
Rather than accept Futenma's relocation on the island, residents who had tired of seeing their environment degraded and society desecrated by American building projects pushed for a complete moratorium on any new construction, culminating in a protest of 90,000 Okinawans in April 2010 and sit-ins continuing at Henoko to this day. The dissent has been successful. Despite tremendous pressure from the Clinton, Bush and Obama administrations, as well from a slew of Japanese prime ministers, the US has been unable to move forward with its Henoko plans for the past 15 years.
In 2005, Professor John Lim at the University of the Ryukyus found that roughly a quarter of Okinawans wanted independence (from a sample of 1,000). But how does that play out in practical terms? Says Yokota, "The sentiment is there, the sense of difference is there, but it's a very difficult thing for any state to become independent."
Problems are enhanced by modern geopolitical forces. Okinawan independence doesn't just involve Japan and the US, but also the biggest regional player, China. Within academic and diplomatic circles, and in popular sentiment, there are fears that an independent Okinawa might find itself pulled into the irredentist claims of Beijing. Professor Xu Yong at Peking University, for example, has argued that the illegitimacy of the Japanese annexation of Okinawa bolsters China's right to the islands.
What's more, the Prefecture also administers the disputed Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, site of the 2010 Japanese Coastguard collision with a Chinese fishing trawler—almost guaranteeing future sovereignty disputes with China. Yet, McCormack qualifies any preconception that the Okinawan population might feel threatened by the Chinese juggernaut. "They have a half a millennium of history as part of the pre-modern Chinese 'tribute system' world," he says. For his part, Yokota doesn't see the possibility of any serious Chinese claim. "From a historical standpoint, it's as nonsensical as China asserting a claim over Korea," he says.
While complete independence may not be an option for Okinawa, the growing sense of national identity and an increased will to oppose the heavy hand of the US-Japan alliance give hope for a future where local voices are heard and respected. McCormack believes it could even result in, "the deepening of democracy; its extension from formal electoral democracy to actual, substantial popular sovereignty."
Yokota notes that Okinawans "know their situation is constrained. They continually try to push for more self-determination and control over decisions that affect their lives [such as base relocation]." Selden acknowledges that Okinawans have made progress. "It is extraordinary, however, that with both US and Japanese governments committed to honoring the agreement to build at Henoko, that it remains thwarted—I would say very likely dead in the water—after 15 years. It is difficult to think of another instance in which a prefecture could sustain such resistance."
"Citizen sovereignty is a principle of the [Japanese] constitution, but nowhere implements it like Okinawa. The ongoing struggles are of immense importance to the whole of Japan and beyond it, the region and the world," McCormack concludes.
Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power (Asian Voices): Laura Hein and Mark Selden, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003
Okinawa: Cold War Island: Chalmers Johnson Ed., Japan Policy Research Institute, 1999
Resistant Islands: Okinawa Confronts Japan and the United States: Gavan McCormack and Satoko Norimatsu, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, July 2012
About Metropolis
Metropolis is Japan's No. 1 English magazine, covering the nation's culture, fashion, entertainment and lifestyle for both local residents and aficionados abroad.


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Hazelwood Health Study Respiratory Stream Coordinator Brigitte Borg and respiratory scientists Tom McCrabb and Annie Makar.
Lung function health assessments in Sale have closed with the Hazelwood Health Study testing 173 residents.
Respiratory scientists from the Study have been testing Sale residents to find out whether exposure to smoke from the 2014 Hazelwood mine fire is associated with respiratory symptoms, or changes in lung health or asthma control.
Sale residents have been included as an important comparison community to Morwell residents who were more highly exposed. However, the research also provides vital information about the respiratory health profile of the Sale community. Testing completed in Sale on 16 March.
"On behalf of the Hazelwood Health Study, I would like to extend our thanks to the Sale community for their ongoing support and hospitality," Respiratory Stream Coordinator Brigitte Borg said.
"The members of this community have rallied to support these assessments, which have helped to ensure the ongoing success of the Study.
"Residents who participated in the testing will be invited to undergo the same assessments on two further occasions; once in three years and again in six years from now."
Results from the Sale assessments will be compared to tests completed in Morwell last year.
Cardiovascular health testing was also carried out in Sale last year with assessments currently underway in Morwell and expected to be completed by early May.
This research is funded by the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services.


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The Butterfly Sign Review
Sarah Ryan April 17, 2017
The Butterfly Sign is an adventure game with a heavy focus on narrative and investigations, it is a nice change of pace to the faster paced action games and countless open world adventure games we have recently seen. It's the first title from a small Ukrainian studio, Quantum Phoenix and definitely made for an interesting play-through
You take the role of Jack, the sole survivor of an attack on the asylum where he was being treated for memory loss with a highly experimental drug known as Rammex. You are also the main suspect of the crime and so, you are forced to travel back into your memories of the events at the asylum, by one of the asylum doctors, with the help of Rammex, to find out who did it. You aren't given any other context to the situation and are then thrown into the game, which both works well with the story and provides the player with enough information to be interested in exploring the world and finding out more about the story but not enough to know what to expect.
The whole situation you find yourself in makes you feel very uneasy very quickly and the game capitalises on that immediately, the first part of the game that you play has you making most of the long journey from the bottom of the hill the asylum rests upon on foot, in fog that doesn't let you see 5 metres ahead of you. Even though, this part of the game is largely uneventful it visually sets up a dramatic and rather beautiful environment, it is aided by very dramatic music and accurate environmental sound effects such as a strong wind. The sound design throughout the entire game is executed very well, as you explore, you may hear whispers of young girls, women crying or things being knocked over and moved which I found the scariest as it always makes you question if you are truly alone. Admittedly, at times, especially at the beginning of the game the environmental sound effects can be annoyingly loud but quickly adjusting my volume quickly solved that. During the game, you must solve puzzles such as connecting circuits together to provide electricity to something, these are surprisingly tricky which was a refreshing change to many games where the puzzles don't make you think very much. You also must collect pieces of evidence and interpret them, usually out of several ways. If you make too many wrong decisions you will die and must restart from a certain point. This is an underused mechanic in most games so it was nice to see it however, I felt a lot of the guesses were common sense and I never made more than 1 or 2 wrong guesses in the entire game, although on the hardest difficulty that is enough to send you all the way back to the beginning of the game
Although the story is intriguing, the pacing needs some work, it is a relatively slow paced game which doesn't feel right considering the game is also a thriller and constantly keeps you on edge. As a result, I found the game got less scary and thrilling as the story progressed and I realized the only real danger is me making enough wrong guesses to die.
In addition, the difficulty levels of the game need work, on the lowest difficulty, you cannot die no matter how many wrong guesses and you have unlimited concentration, which is used to highlight key objects in an environment if you get stuck, although key objects are very obvious and players like myself who tend to explore every nook and cranny of an environment won't need to use it at all. Whereas the highest difficulty gives you no concentration and a single wrong guess will kill you and send you to the beginning of the game. These difficulties are balanced and cater to different types of players; however, the 2 middle difficulties need tweaking. They give you 6 and 4 wrong guesses depending on whether you picked the one closer to the lowest or highest difficulty and concentration regenerates faster and slower respectively, I believe that 6 and 4 wrong guesses are still too many than the average player will need in their playthrough.
The Butterfly Sign continuously impresses with its visuals, the environments are very detailed, and the developers have made excellent use of particle effects to produce things such as fog, falling leaves and atmospheric lighting.
Players who like exploring game worlds, puzzles and are interested in a unique story that is revealed slowly as the game progresses will definitely enjoy this game and will most likely enjoy the other chapters that will be coming out over the course of this year.
The Butterfly sign is a carefully thought out game that forces the player to put pieces of the story together themselves in an engaging way, it creates a tense, uneasy environment without ever relying on jump scares, this is welcomed change. It's a strong start for the small studio and promises exciting things in the future.
REVIEW CODE: A complimentary PC code was provided to Brash Games for this review. Please send all review code enquiries to editor@brashgames.co.uk.
Tags:Action, adventure, Dennis Esie, Detective, indie, PC, PC Review, Quantum Phoenix Studio, Rating 8/10, The Butterfly Sign
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Segmenting your IP addresses is the process of separating and sending email traffic from different IP addresses based on different factors related to your email program. The objective of IP segmentation is to organize your email in such a way as to maximize performance to help ensure your email reaches the inbox. It also allows you to more easily troubleshoot deliverability issues related to a specific brand or email stream when they occur. Many mailbox providers such as Gmail and Yahoo! recommend IP segmentation as part of their best practice guidelines.
Take inventory of your email program: Determine what types of email you send and to whom you send it.
Check the volume and sending frequency of your email streams: Determine if some email streams have extreme high or low volumes and how often they are sent to subscribers.
Brands: Placing each of your brands onto separate IP addresses is often a good idea. Each brand will have a separate sending reputation and it will be easier to track brand performance and troubleshoot deliverability issues should they arise.
Email stream: Segmenting marketing and transactional email onto different IP addresses is popular with many senders and is suggested by many mailbox providers as a sending best practice. You also have the option of further segmenting based on specific email streams such as by welcome and onboarding email, newsletters, notifications, customer support and administrative.
Subscriber type: People have different needs during the customer lifecycle. Customers are typically more invested in your email program than leads or prospects and usually engage with your email more frequently. If the lead and prospect segments are performing poorly, it may be dragging down the performance of your customer segment. Customers that don't receive your email may miss important information about your product or service and may miss a chance to take advantage of important offers, leading to missed revenue.
Also explore segmenting your email list by subscriber type as an alternative to IP segmentation. In some cases, list segmentation can help you achieve better results.
Engagement level: Because engagement is an important component for reaching the inbox, sending to a large number of unengaged subscribers may be preventing email from reaching your engaged subscribers. Engagement may mean when they last read an email, clicked through to your website, logged into their account, attended a webinar or made a purchase. Look at the behavior of those customers that engage within 30/60/90/180/180+ days. You may find that after a certain time period, engagement decreases noticeably. Place less engaged subscribers on their own IP address. While deliverability on the less engaged subscriber IP address may be lower, your email on the other IP address has a greater chance of reaching your engaged subscribers and buyers.
Location: If you send email around the world, you may need separate IP addresses to comply with local or regional data and privacy laws. It also may make sense to segment IP addresses by location depending on your company's operations (such as separate marketing departments in the U.S. and Europe).
Volume: If you send a large amount of bulk email every day, you may run into problems deploying your email on time. Additional IP addresses can help you manage your resources with the mailbox providers. Be careful not to have too many IP addresses with low volume as you may be perceived as a snowshoe spammer.
Based on your selected approach, determine how many IP addresses are needed: More is not better. Try to keep the number of new IP addresses to a minimum as determined by your specific business need. Smaller businesses typically need fewer IP addresses than larger businesses.
Determine if you already have enough IP addresses: You may not need new IP addresses. If you already send from multiple IP addresses, you may be able to shift email traffic to the different IP addresses you already own.
Explore list segmentation for low volume and infrequently sent email streams: Sending low volumes of email infrequently from numerous IP addresses may lead mailbox providers to perceive you as a snowshoe spammer. You may be able to achieve good deliverability results simply by changing how you segment your email list.
Determine your IP address and domain warmup period and launch date: New IP addresses and domains take 30 days on average to be warmed up properly and establish a sending reputation. Not warming up your IP address and domain can lead to long-term deliverability problems.
Ensure your segmentation program is working as planned: Ensure the right email is being sent from the right IP addresses based on your plan.
Warm up your new IP addresses and domains: Follow your warm up plan.
Track your progress: Keep track of performance to ensure the segmentation program is helping you achieve your business goals.


Oki ES8473 A3 Colour Multifunction Laser Printer.
The Oki ES8473 copier comes with automatic duplex printing, scanning & copying, fast print speeds of 35ppm in colour and mono, as well as a large 300-sheet standard paper tray. It's designed to perform and offers secure and intuitive functionality that enables easy and efficient integration with your document workflow. Its customisable 7" touch screen makes user operation simple for your employees. Extend the ES8473 up to 2005-sheet max paper capacity with its range of accessories & why not add the wireless module too for simple printing from anywhere in the office.


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Deputy mayor assassinated in Kandahar
Apr 21, 2010 at 12:01 AM Apr 21, 2010 at 11:33 AM
KABUL, Afghanistan - Taliban militants burst into a mosque and gunned down the deputy mayor of Kandahar at his prayers, officials said yesterday.
Kandahar and its surrounding districts are the focus of an expected drive by coalition forces this spring and summer to try to expel the Taliban and establish credible governance in Afghanistan's second-largest population center. The operation is in its early stages.
In the meantime, serving as a local official in Kandahar has become one of the country's most hazardous occupations. Azizullah Yarmal, the deputy mayor who was killed Monday night, was the latest dignitary targeted in recent months by insurgents.
The assassination took place during evening prayers at the Sadozo Mosque, near one of the city's most crowded markets. Dozens of worshippers were present during the attack. Yarmal was shot multiple times, witnesses and officials said, and the assailants escaped.
The Taliban claimed responsibility and said more such killings would follow.
"We have already declared that those working for the government or helping the Americans will face such a fate," spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid said by telephone.
The attack came less than two months after gunmen killed Majid Babai, a popular cultural-affairs minister for Kandahar province. Assailants on a motorbike gunned him down as he walked on a Kandahar street Feb. 24.
Hours before Yarmal's assassination, attackers strapped a bomb onto a donkey and remotely detonated the device as the animal approached a police checkpoint. Three children younger than 12 were killed, provincial officials said.
Most of the 30,000 U.S. troops arriving in Afghanistan under President Barack Obama's buildup of forces are being deployed in the south, a longtime bastion of the insurgency. Previous offensives by U.S. Marines have sought to dislodge the Taliban from havens in Helmand province, and some militants are thought to have fled to Kandahar.
Meanwhile, indications grew yesterday that NATO forces might have accidentally killed Afghan civilians in Khost province, in the country's east.
NATO, without identifying the nationalities of those involved, said its troops on Monday evening had fired on a vehicle that ignored warnings to halt. The military identified two of the four dead as "known insurgents," but local officials said all four were civilians, three of them teenage boys.


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Wilkes' Head
Eastergate, PO20 3UT
A 200-year-old brick pub that may have had an off-sales hatch in front of you as you enter i.e. lost. Has a tiny room on...
William IV
Bletchingley, RH1 4QF
Country inn built as two cottages in 1850s and still with three little altered small bars despite the attempts of Youngs...
Highgate, N6 5BA
Built in 1881 (architect William B. Brown of Covent Garden) as part of a very distinctive parade of shops with housing...
South Kenton, HA9 8QT
A rare opportunity to see how a typical, large, inter-war suburban pub was planned and fitted out. Of the three bars, th...
Littleworth, RH13 8EJ
Old brick and tile hung building with a 1930s (or just post war) flat roof extension of brick on the front right side, w...
Kensington, W8 7AR
A refit in about 1933 created three small rooms in this early nineteenth century building, separated by screens; these d...
Winning Horse
Claygate, KT10 0JY
Built 1920's by Mann, Crossman & Paulin with a green glazed brick dado and still maintaining its 2 bars and an off sales...
Witchill Hotel
Barry, CF63 1BD
Victorian corner pub built in 1891 with some of the most ornate ceiling decoration in a pub in Wales; it still retains a...
Ruislip, HA4 7SE
What is remarkable about the Woodman is that it retains an intact two-room interior dating from about 1959 and with fitt...
Shrewsbury, SY1 2DZ
A brick and half-timbered pub, rebuilt in 1925, with the two shop windows around the jug & bottle door added in the 1960...
Birmingham, B5 5LG
Reopened in 2013 after restoration by sympathetic new owners. Built in 1896-7 for Ansells' Brewery, this is one of the f...
Woodside Inn
Falkirk, FK1 5QX
A popular stand-up drinkers' pub built 1898 with a U-shaped original counter that takes up an incredible amount of space...
Ipswich, IP4 2SH
Splendid four roomed pub with an 18th century brick front to an earlier building. The tiny snug at the front could have...
Woolpack Inn
Smeeth, TN25 6RX
Rebuilt by Fremlins of brick in 1937. Although much opened-up, you can clearly see the original plan of a public bar on...
Highgate, N6 4AA
Rebuilt in 1921. Now one L-shaped room, it was originally split into three bars (or two bars and an off sales?) at the f...
Wyggeston
Burton upon Trent, DE13 0UN
A Salt's brewery pub of 1904, this has a little altered public bar in a flat roof extension added in the inter-war times...
Wynnstay Arms
Llanrhaeadr, SY10 0JL
A hotel built c.1850 in Gothic style whose public bar had a fine refit in the 1950s and is barely changed since. In comm...
Llangollen, LL20 8PF
This is a traditional town hotel with four public rooms including a small unspoilt public bar. Probably built early 18th...
Yew Tree
Colwall, WR13 6ED
This old pub was fully refitted in the late 1950s by Cheltenham and Hereford Breweries Ltd, using oak fittings by Worces...
London, N1 8EQ
Late 18th or early 19th century three storey pub with a frontage of c1900 when it was refitted internally. The ground fl...
Ystalyfera Arms
Ystalyfera, SA9 2BS
The Ystalyfera Arms ('Pig') has some unusual pub room names: the lobby has 'Hall' on the door as you enter. On the left,...
Zetland Hotel
Middlesbrough, TS1 1EH
Currently closed but should re-open Summer 2018. Built c.1860 as a pub-cum-hotel, the real interest here is the spectacu...


text:
This project is no longer mantained.

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/orktes/atom-react.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/orktes/atom-react)

# Atom React.js support

Visit [orktes.github.io/atom-react](https://orktes.github.io/atom-react) for more information.

## Features

- Syntax highlighting
- Snippets
- Automatic indentation and folding
- JSX Reformatting
- HTML to JSX conversion
- Autocomplete

Contributions are greatly appreciated. Please fork this repository and open a pull request to add snippets, make grammar tweaks, etc.

Initially a port of [sublime-react](https://github.com/reactjs/sublime-react) for [Atom](https://github.com/atom/atom).

# Changelog (notable changes)

## v0.18.0 (19 February 2018)
- Fix plugin to work with latest Atom (v1.24.0)

## v0.17.0 (10 November 2017)
- Fix plugin to work with latest Atom (v1.22.0)

## v0.16.3 (30 October 2017)
- Update snippets

## v0.16.2 (29 December 2016)
- Fix highlighting issues caused by ternary operations and other `?` after updating to atom 0.12.7

## v0.16.1 (11 October 2016)
- Fix Atom 0.11 `TypeError: this.getRegexForProperty is not a function` error (restart atom after update)

## v0.16.0 (7 August 2016)
- Fix issues related to Atom versions newer than 1.8.0

## v0.15 (30 March 2016)
- Pump minor version to see if it helps with APM issue https://github.com/atom/apm/issues/529

## v0.14.2 (20 March 2016)
- Fix yet another regression caused by atom update. This time both rendering inside parenthesis and in function/method call arguments.
- Add required semicolon to static class properties snippet

## v0.14.1 (18 January 2016)
- Fix issue that caused `return (...);` to be tokenized as a function call.

## 0.14 (15 January 2016)
- Fixes related syntax highlighting inside functions and methods in atom 1.4

## 0.11 (5 April 2015)
- Closing tag auto-completion [in action](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/606347/6997161/28412172-dbb9-11e4-9719-2d58b0b79b3f.gif)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


[Sunday, 11/25/2018] Website Lazy G Ranch recently posted some interesting pictures of smoke trails that were seen over Groom Lake in Nevada (a.k.a. Area 51).
We observed some unusual activity over the world's favorite secret base that we can't easily rationalize. Initially, as we watched through binoculars, we were thinking it must be a Thunderbirds demonstration for some sort of families day at Groom Lake, except that there aren't any families living there. As events unfolded, it made us think it was more Thunderbirds (Gerry Anderson TV series) than Thunderbirds (USAF demo team).
After a year or so trying to coordinate time off work, the five of us set off well before dawn towards the Nellis ranges equipped with a loose leaf 1993 copy of Glenn Campbell's Area 51 Viewers Guide. Arriving at our viewing position on a beautiful clear morning we realized that it was 28F. Wearing every single item of clothing that we could find, we broke out the Wal-Mart garden chairs. And froze.
Like any good team we were assigned roles, two of us on comms (Roger and Nick), two of us on optics (Wiggy and Rick) and a photographer (Dave). After an hour, Dave asked whether the scanner batteries were flat as there was practically zero radio traffic. Now, Rick had loaded his scanner with a huge bank of frequencies from 1998, but mine were perhaps two or three years old. Folklore is that when there's little to listen to on the normal range frequencies (Blackjack etc) then something interesting may have booked the airspace. Around 9.15am, an inbound Janet was vectored around a 'small UAV' over the 'DAF' (Device Assembly Facility), another was held out and then asked to roll to the end of the runway after landing of runway 32.
We then noticed that there were a number of smoke trails in the Groom Lake direction. We watched for around 30 minutes before even thinking of taking some photos, as it looked initially like a Thunderbirds demo and we guessed that they may be either entertaining the inmates of the secret base or simply rehearsing near Indian Springs (metropolis | airbase).


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text:
Diána Póth (born 6 August 1981) is a Hungarian former competitive figure skater. She is a two-time Karl Schäfer Memorial silver medalist and a two-time Hungarian national champion. She also competed briefly for Austria.

Personal life
Póth was born on 6 August 1981 in Budapest, Hungary. She moved to Austria in 2001 and returned to Hungary in October 2002. Her mother is Austrian. Her father was a hockey player.

Póth is married to professional footballer Gábor Gyepes.

Career
Póth began figure skating at the age of four to combat her nerves. Her first coach was Tamara Téglássy, with whom she was most successful as a junior. After the 1998 Worlds Championships, where she finished 10th, she switched coaches and began to train with Andras Szaraz and Eszter Jurek. Póth achieved her best result, 4th, at a European Championships in 1999.

Póth won two Hungarian national titles in 1999 and 2000. She competed in the Austrian Championships in 2002.

After a couple of injuries, Póth switched coaches again and began training with Jeranjak Ipakjan and Gurgen Vardanjan. In April 2007, Poth retired from competition. She began coaching at a Cardiff skating club. One of her students won the junior national championship.

Programs

Results
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Series/Junior Grand Prix

References

External links

Navigation

1981 births
Living people
Hungarian female single skaters
Austrian female single skaters
Hungarian people of Austrian descent
Hungarian emigrants to Austria
Figure skaters from Budapest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
School Specialty Announces Fiscal Year 2016 Fourth Quarter and Year-end Financial Results
Q4 Revenues increased $9.6 million or 9.1% vs. 2015 Q4
Q4 Net loss of $13.8 million, an improvement of $8.8 million vs. 2015 Q4
FY 2016 Revenues increased $18.9 million or 3.0% vs. 2015
FY Net Income of $14.8 million vs. a net loss of $19.6 million in 2015, a $34.3 million improvement
GREENVILLE, Wis., March 15, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — School Specialty, Inc. (OTCQB:SCOO) ("School Specialty", "SSI" or "the Company"), a leading distributor of supplies, furniture and both curriculum and supplemental learning resources to the education, healthcare and other marketplaces, today announced financial results for its fiscal 2016 fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2016.
Joseph M. Yorio, President and Chief Executive Officer, stated, "We closed out 2016 strong and I'm pleased with what our team accomplished throughout the year. Our exceptional 9% growth in Q4 capped off a year in which we saw 3% growth overall. Achieving back-to-back years of growth is a strong step for our Company and we did so while lowering SG&A by over 4% and continuing to invest in our business. Operating Income increased by more than $21 million and Adjusted EBITDA for the fiscal year grew by 13.5%. While accommodating growth and driving cost reductions, our operational performance has been exceptional and our Fulfillment Centers and support departments continue to deliver exceptional service for our customers. As we enter the new fiscal year, our team remains laser-focused on strengthening our product assortment, deploying our innovative team-based sales model, and generating new revenue in existing categories and markets, as well as in new developing areas. Operationally, we continue to build Process Excellence into everything we do and it is having an impact; this is who we are and this is the culture we continue to build, evolve and embrace. We energetically enter fiscal 2017 with a strengthening platform upon which to continue building shareholder value."
Q4 Results (for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015)
Revenues were $115.2 million, an increase of $9.6 million or 9.1%, as compared to revenues of $105.6 million. Distribution segment revenues of $97.2 million increased by $9.1 million or 10.4%, as compared to $88.1 million. Furniture category revenues grew by $7.3 million or 20.6% and Supply category revenues grew by $2.7 million or 6.8%, reflecting strong demand for the Company's solutions and the benefits of the new sales coverage model, implemented in fiscal 2016. Additionally, Instructional Solutions category revenues grew by $0.4 million or 6.0%. These increases were offset by modest declines in the AV Tech and Agendas categories, which declined by $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Curriculum segment revenues of $18.0 million increased $0.5 million or 2.8%, as compared to revenues of $17.5 million in the comparable prior year quarter. Growth in Curriculum was driven by a $0.9 million or 23.0% increase in the Reading category, offset by a $0.4 million or 3.1% decline in the Science category.
Overall gross margin was 32.4% as compared to 33.3% in the fourth quarter of 2015, a decline of 90 basis points ("bps"). Distribution segment gross margin was 30.7% as compared to 30.4%, an increase of 30 bps. Gross margins for the majority of product categories within the Distribution segment increased year-over-year, offset by lower gross margins in the Agendas category and a modest decline in the Supplies category. Curriculum segment gross margin was 41.6% as compared to 48.1%, a decline of 650 bps. The decline in Curriculum segment gross margin was primarily due to incremental product development amortization, which adversely affected gross margins by $1.0 million or approximately 570 bps, with a shift in product mix contributing to the remaining decline.
Selling, General & Administrative ("SG&A") expenses were $50.3 million as compared to $54.0 million, a decrease of $3.8 million or 7.0%. This was primarily related to a $1.5 million decline in depreciation and amortization expense, as well as lower compensation and benefit costs compared to the prior year period. These reductions to SG&A were partially offset by higher transportation costs, and an increase in sales and marketing and catalog-related expenses. Additionally, the fiscal 2016 period included 14 weeks whereas the fiscal 2015 fourth quarter included 13 weeks, resulting in higher SG&A costs of approximately $1.5 million. As a percent of revenue, SG&A decreased from 51.2% for the three months ended December 26, 2015 to 43.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2016.
Operating loss was $14.0 million as compared to an operating loss of $19.4 million in the comparable year-ago period, an improvement of $5.4 million. Net loss was $13.8 million as compared to a net loss of $22.7 million, an improvement of $8.8 million. The Company recorded a benefit from income taxes in the fiscal 2016 fourth quarter of $4.5 million as compared to a benefit from income taxes of $1.1 million in the comparable fiscal 2015 period.
Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") was a loss of $5.6 million, as compared to an Adjusted EBITDA loss of $10.9 million in the comparable 2015 period, an improvement of $5.3 million.
Fiscal 2016 Year-End Results (for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015)
Revenues were $656.3 million, an increase of $18.9 million or 3.0%, as compared to revenues of $637.5 million. Distribution segment revenues of $550.9 million increased $8.6 million or 1.6%. Revenues from the Company's two largest product categories, Supplies and Furniture, increased by $5.5 million and $13.4 million, respectively, offsetting declines of $4.7 million and $4.5 million in the AV Tech and Agendas categories, respectively. Curriculum segment revenues of $105.5 million increased $10.3 million or 10.8%, as compared to revenues of $95.2 million for the fiscal 2015 twelve-month period. Strong demand for the Company's Next-Generation FOSS products helped drive a 13.6% increase in Science revenues, and new solutions launched in fiscal 2016, coupled with structural changes in the Reading Sales organization, led to a 2.8% increase in the Reading category.
Gross margin of 36.6% compared to 36.5% in the twelve-month period of 2015 was an increase of 10 basis points. Distribution segment gross margin was 33.7% as compared to 34.4%, a decline of 70 bps. This decline was directly related to a shift in product mix and an increase in the volume of orders placed through strategic purchasing and co-operative agreements and higher e-tail sales, which tend to carry lower gross margins. Partially offsetting this was a 25 bps impact related to lower product development amortization in the Agendas product category. Curriculum segment gross margin was 51.4% as compared to 48.1%, an increase of 330 bps. The improvement in Curriculum segment gross margin was primarily related to $2.6 million of lower product development amortization in the current year, and higher product margins related to new Curriculum products. Partially offsetting this gain was a shift in mix towards the Science category.
SG&A expenses were $215.2 million as compared to $224.9 million, a decrease of $9.7 million or 4.3%. Driving the year-over-year improvements were lower overall compensation and benefit costs of $3.5 million, which included the positive impact of $2.6 million less commission expense and the negative impact of $1.5 million of incremental payroll costs associated with an additional week in fiscal 2016, as compared to fiscal 2015. The balance reflects the impact of lower overall staffing levels. Additionally, depreciation and amortization expenses in SG&A were down approximately $4.6 million in fiscal 2016, as compared to the fifty-two week period ended December 26, 2015, due partially to the prior year write-off of the intangible asset associated with Agenda content. Finally, fiscal 2016 benefited from a net foreign currency gain of $0.7 million due to the Canadian dollar strengthening versus the U.S. dollar, as compared to a net foreign currency loss in the comparable 2015 period of $1.2 million. The above were partially offset by increases in non-wage and catalog-related Marketing & Selling activities of $1.9 million; an increase in net catalog costs of $0.7 million; and higher variable outbound transportation costs of $0.6 million, which are a direct result of higher revenue in fiscal 2016 compared to the prior year. As a percent of revenue, SG&A decreased from 35.3% for the fifty-two weeks ended December 26, 2015 to 32.8% for fiscal 2016.
Operating income was $23.0 million, as compared to operating income of $1.6 million in the comparable year-ago period, an improvement of $21.4 million. Net income was $14.8 million, as compared to a net loss of $19.6 million, an improvement of $34.3 million.
Adjusted EBITDA was $51.1 million, as compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $45.0 million, an improvement of $6.1 million or 13.5%.
Mr. Yorio continued, "Achieving balanced growth remains a top priority. The majority of our categories grew in fiscal 2016 compared to just two in 2015. Recent enhancements to our go-to-market strategy, coupled with an improving product offering, should help us continue to drive growth within Distribution in the coming year. Within the Curriculum segment, both Science and Reading grew in fiscal 2016, with Science and our FOSS Next Generation product as the primary driver. As we look at our opportunities moving into fiscal 2017, we expect Science to decline modestly with fewer state adoptions occurring this year, but our overall market position remains strong and we expect continued growth in open territory states. New products in our Reading portfolio are building momentum and we expect our growth rate to increase in 2017 and beyond. While our guidance calls for revenue growth of approximately 2.5%, with our new team-selling model we have the potential to exceed this with any material upticks in our base business and from new markets and categories, such as Healthcare and Safety & Security. Overall, we believe we're well positioned in the market, expanding our reach and winning share."
The Company today provided guidance for FY17 (January 1, 2017 – December 30, 2017). Total FY17 revenues are anticipated to be between $670 and $675 million, representing year-over-year growth of 2.1% to 2.8%. Reported overall gross profit margin is anticipated to be between 35.7% and 36.0%, representing a decrease of 60 to 90 basis points, driven primarily by a combination of lower product development amortization costs, a shift in mix between the Curriculum and Distribution segments and higher discounting associated with strategic purchasing cooperatives. SG&A expenses are expected to decline by approximately $4.0 million, representing an improvement of just less than 2%. The Company expects Adjusted EBITDA to be approximately $51 million to $54 million, indicating up to a 5.7% year-over-year improvement. Finally, the Company expects continued strong leveraged free cash flow of approximately $20 million for FY17, which is generally consistent with FY16 after taking into consideration the positive impact of the sale of an unconsolidated affiliate, which occurred in FY16. The Company's adjusted EBITDA and free cash outlook for FY17 are non-GAAP measures. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the nearest GAAP financial measures are presented in the following table.
Low End of
Adjusted EBITDA
Outlook High End of
Operating income $ 30.9 $ 32.9
Depreciation and amortization 17.3 17.3
Restructuring-related costs 1.0 2.0
Stock-based compensation expense 1.8 1.8
Adjusted EBITDA $ 51.0 $ 54.0
Cash provided by operations $ 39.0
Cash used in investing (19.0 )
Free cash flow $ 20.0
Additional information on the Company's outlook for 2017 can be found in the investor presentation on page 22, which will be published shortly under the Investor Relations section of the Company's website.
School Specialty will be hosting a teleconference and webcast on March 16, 2017 at 9:00 a.m. ET to discuss its results and outlook. Speaking from management will be Joseph M. Yorio, President and Chief Executive Officer and Ryan M. Bohr, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
Toll-free number: 844-882-7832 / International number: 574-990-9706 / Conference ID: 86350723
For those who will be unable to participate, a teleconference replay will be available approximately five hours after the completion of the call and will last for one week (3/16/17 – 3/23/17).
Replay Information
Replay: 855-859-2056 / International replay: 404-537-3406 / Conference ID: 86350723
Interested parties can also participate in the live webcast or can access the archived call shortly thereafter, by visiting the School Specialty website in the Investor Relations section at http://investors.schoolspecialty.com.
School Specialty is a leading distributor of innovative and proprietary products, programs and services to the education marketplace. The Company designs, develops, and provides educators with the latest and very best school supplies, furniture and both curriculum and supplemental learning resources. Working in collaboration with educators, School Specialty reaches beyond the scope of textbooks to help teachers, guidance counselors and school administrators ensure that every student reaches his or her full potential. Through its SSI Guardian subsidiary, the Company is also committed to school, healthcare and corporate workplace safety by offering the highest quality curriculum, training and safety and security products. Through its recently launched SOAR Life Products brand, the Company offers thousands of products that sharpen cognitive skills and build physical and mental strength in fun and creative ways. From childhood through adulthood, they help individuals live life to the fullest – engaged, happy and well. SOAR Life Products is a customized offering for hospitals, long-term care, therapeutic facilities, home care, surgery centers, day care centers, physician offices, and clinics. For more information about School Specialty, visit www.schoolspecialty.com.
Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Information
Any statements made in this press release about School Specialty's future financial condition, results of operations, expectations, plans, or prospects, including the information under the heading "Financial Outlook" constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements also include those preceded or followed by the words "anticipates," "believes," "could," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "projects," "should," "targets" and/or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on School Specialty's current estimates and assumptions and, as such, involve uncertainty and risk. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements because of a number of factors, including the risk factors described in Item 1A of School Specialty's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, which risk factors are incorporated herein by reference. Any forward-looking statement in this release speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except to the extent required under the federal securities laws, School Specialty does not intend to update or revise the forward-looking statements.
Non-GAAP Financial Information
This press release includes references to Adjusted EBITDA and leveraged/unleveraged free cash flow, non-GAAP financial measures. Adjusted EBITDA represents net income adjusted for: provision for (benefit from) income taxes; restructuring costs; restructuring-related costs included in SG&A/COGS; gain on sale of unconsolidated affiliate; change in fair value of interest rate swap; loss on early extinguishment of debt; early termination fee; depreciation and amortization expense; amortization of development costs; impairment charges; net interest expense; and stock-based compensation. Unleveraged free cash flow represent Adjusted EBITDA adjusted for: capital expenditures; product development expenditures; proceeds from asset sales; unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses; restructuring and other expenditures; and changes in working capital. Leveraged free cash flow represents unleveraged free cash flow adjusted for cash interest and cash taxes.
The Company considers Adjusted EBITDA a relevant supplemental measure of its financial performance and leveraged free cash flow a relevant supplemental measure of liquidity. The Company believes these non-GAAP financial results provide useful supplemental information for investors regarding trends and performance of our ongoing operations and are useful for year-over-year comparisons of such results. We also use these non-GAAP financial measures in making operational and financial decisions and in establishing operational goals. The Company assesses its operating performance using both GAAP operating income and non-GAAP adjusted operating income in order to better isolate the impact of certain, material items that may not be comparable between periods. The Company believes that free cash flow provides a meaningful measure of its ability to generate cash and improve liquidity. In addition, the Company believes it provides investors a useful basis for assessing the Company's ability to fund both its operating activities and reinvestments into the business, as well as service its debt, including debt repayments.
In summary, we believe that providing these non-GAAP financial measures to investors, as a supplement to GAAP financial measures, helps investors to (i) evaluate our operating and financial performance and future prospects, (ii) compare financial results across accounting periods, (iii) better understand the long-term performance of our core business, and (iv) evaluate trends in our business, all consistent with how management evaluates such performance and movements.
Adjusted EBITDA does not represent, and should not be considered, an alternative to net income or operating income as determined by GAAP, and our calculation may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Leveraged/unleveraged free cash flow does not represent, and should not be considered, an alternative to cash flow from operations.
SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
December 31, 2016 Three Months Ended
December 26, 2015 Twelve Months Ended
Revenues $ 115,170 $ 105,557 $ 656,322 $ 637,464
Cost of revenues 77,864 70,370 416,394 405,123
Gross profit 37,306 35,187 239,928 232,341
Selling, general and administrative expenses 50,250 54,004 215,227 224,937
Facility exit costs and restructuring 1,098 599 1,740 3,117
Impairment charges – – – 2,714
Operating income (loss) (14,042 ) (19,416 ) 22,961 1,573
Other expense:
Interest expense 4,349 4,429 17,682 18,838
Early termination of long-term indebtedness – – – 200
(Gain) on sale of unconsolidated affiliate (88 ) – (9,178 ) –
Loss on early extinguishment of debt – – – 877
Change in fair value of interest rate swap – (84 ) (271 ) (125 )
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes (18,303 ) (23,761 ) 14,728 (18,217 )
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes (4,461 ) (1,111 ) (36 ) 1,348
Net income (loss) $ (13,842 ) $ (22,650 ) $ 14,764 $ (19,565 )
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Diluted 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Net Loss per Share:
Basic $ (13.84 ) $ (22.65 ) $ 14.76 $ (19.57 )
Diluted $ (13.84 ) $ (22.65 ) $ 14.76 $ (19.57 )
Adjusted Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation,
amortization, bankruptcy-related costs, restructuring and impairment
charges (EBITDA) reconciliation:
Restructuring costs 1,098 599 1,740 3,117
Restructuring-related costs incl in SG&A/COGS 1,299 1,590 3,442 6,397
Gain on sale of unconsolidated affiliate (88 ) – (9,178 ) –
Early termination fee – – – 200
Depreciation and amortization expense 3,149 4,649 13,863 18,610
Amortization of development costs 2,459 1,463 7,488 11,490
Net interest expense 4,349 4,429 17,682 18,838
Stock-based compensation 449 261 1,615 1,135
Adjusted EBITDA $ (5,588 ) $ (10,854 ) $ 51,109 $ 45,037
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(In Thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents $ 35,097 $ 12,865
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts
of $1,159 and $1,077, respectively 61,713 58,370
Inventories, net 73,649 76,199
Deferred catalog costs 5,235 6,527
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 11,976 13,111
Refundable income taxes 728 9
Total current assets 188,398 167,081
Property, plant and equipment, net 28,684 27,127
Goodwill 21,588 21,588
Intangible assets, net 35,049 38,652
Development costs and other 13,703 19,321
Deferred taxes long-term 185 5
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate – 715
Total assets $ 287,607 $ 274,489
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current maturities – long-term debt $ 5,493 $ 1,821
Accounts payable 22,078 20,076
Accrued compensation 12,008 10,488
Deferred revenue 2,922 2,705
Other accrued liabilities 14,909 14,794
Total current liabilities 57,410 49,884
Long-term debt – less current maturities 131,994 142,438
Other liabilities 84 561
Total liabilities 189,488 192,883
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 500,000
shares authorized; none outstanding – –
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 2,000,000 shares
authorized; 1,000,004 shares outstanding 1 1
Capital in excess of par value 120,855 119,240
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,784 ) (1,919 )
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) (20,953 ) (35,716 )
Total stockholders' equity 98,119 81,606
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 287,607 $ 274,489
Ryan M. Bohr
Glenn Wiener
gwiener@GWCco.com
School Specialty, Inc
By |2017-03-15T08:30:30+00:00March 15th, 2017|investor-news|0 Comments


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