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Sacred Texts Christianity Early Church Fathers Index Previous Next
Homily LI.
Matt. XV. 1.
"Then came to Jesus Scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem, saying, Why do Thy disciples," etc. 1978
Then; when? when He had wrought His countless miracles; when He had healed the infirm by the touch of the hem of His garment. For even with this intent doth the evangelist mark the time, that He might signify their unspeakable wickedness, by nothing repressed.
But what means, "The Scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem?" 1979 In every one of the tribes were they scattered abroad, and divided into twelve parts; but they who occupied the chief city were worse than the others, as both enjoying more honor, and having contracted much haughtiness.
But mark, I pray thee, how even by the question itself they are convicted; in not saying, "Why do they transgress the law of Moses," but, "the tradition of the elders." Whence it is evident that the priests were inventing many novelties, although Moses, with much terror and with much threatening, had enjoined neither to add nor take away. "For ye shall not add," saith he, "unto the word which I command you this day, and ye shall not take away from it." 1980
But not the less were they innovating; as in this instance, that one ought not to eat with unwashen hands, that we must wash cups and brazen vessels, that we must wash also ourselves. Thus, when men were henceforth, as time advanced, to be freed from their observances, at that very time they bound them with the same in more and more instances, fearing lest any one should take away their power, and wishing to strike more dread, as though they were themselves also lawgivers. The thing in fact proceeded so far in enormity, that while their own commandments were kept, those of God were transgressed; and they so far prevailed, that the matter had actually become a ground of accusation. Which was a twofold charge against them, in that they both invented novelties, and were so strict exactors on their own account, while of God they made no reckoning.
And omitting to speak of the other things, the pots and the brazen vessels (for it was too ridiculous), what seemed more reasonable than the rest, that they bring forward, wishing, as seems at least to me, in that way to provoke Him to anger. Wherefore also they made mention of the elders, in order that He, as setting them at nought, might give occasion against Himself.
But it were meet first to inquire, why the disciples ate with unwashen hands. Wherefore then did they so eat? Not as making a point of it, but as overlooking henceforth the things that are superfluous, and attending to such as are necessary; having no law to wash or not to wash, but doing either as it happened. For they that despised even their own necessary food, how were they to hold these things worth much consideration? This then having often happened unintentionally,—for instance, when they ate in the wilderness, when they plucked the ears of corn,—is now put forward as a charge by these persons, who are always transgressing in the great things, and making much account of the superfluous.
2. What then saith Christ? He did not set Himself against it, neither made He any defense, but straightway blames them again, plucking down their confidence, and signifying that he who commits great sins ought not to be strict with others concerning small matters. "What? when you ought to be blamed," saith He, "do ye even blame?"
But do thou observe, how when it is His will to set aside any of the things enjoined by the law, He does it in the form of an apology; and so He did in that case. For by no means doth He proceed at once to transgress it, nor doth He say, "It is nothing;" for surely He would have made them more audacious; but first He clean cuts away their boldness, bringing forward the far heavier charge, and directing it upon their head. And He neither saith, "they do well in transgressing it," lest He should give them a hold on Him; nor doth He speak ill of their proceeding, lest He should confirm the law: nor again, on the other hand, doth He blame the elders, as lawless and unholy men; for doubtless they would have shunned Him as a reviler and injurious: but all these things He gives up, and proceeds another way. And He seems indeed to be rebuking the persons themselves who had come to Him, but He is reprehending them that enacted these laws; nowhere indeed making mention of the elders, but by His charge against the Scribes casting down them also, and signifying that their sin is twofold, first in disobeying God, next in doing so on men's account; as though He had said, "Why this, this hath ruined you, your obeying the elders in all things."
Yet He saith not so, but this is just what He intimates, by answering them as follows:
"Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God by 1981 your tradition? For God commanded, saying, Honor thy father and thy mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death. But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me, and 1982 honor not his father or his mother 1983 —And ye have made void the commandment 1984 of God by your tradition. 1985
And He said not, "the elders' tradition," but "your own." And, "ye say;" again He said not, "the elders say:" in order to make His speech less galling. That is, because they wanted to prove the disciples transgressors of the law, He signifies that they themselves are doing so, but that these are free from blame. For of course that is not a law, which is enjoined by men (wherefore also He calls it "a tradition"), and especially by men that are transgressors of the law.
And since this had no shade of contrariety to the law, to command men to wash their hands, He brings forward another tradition, which is opposed to the law. And what He p. 306 saith is like this. "They taught the young, under the garb of piety, to despise their fathers." How, and in what way? "If one of their parents said to his child, Give me this sheep that thou hast, or this calf, or any such thing, they used to say, 'This is a gift to God, whereby thou wouldest be profited by me, and thou canst not have it.' And two evils hence arose: on the one hand they did not bring them to God, on the other they defrauded their parents under the name of the offering, alike insulting their parents for God's sake, and God for their parents' sake." But He doth not say this at once, but first rehearses the law, by which He signifies His earnest desire that parents should be honored. For, "honor," saith He, "thy father and thy mother, that thou mayest live long upon the earth." 1986 And again, "He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death." 1987
But He, omitting the first, the reward appointed for them that honor their parents, states that which is more awful, the punishment, I mean, threatened to such as dishonor them; desiring both to dismay them, and to conciliate such as have understanding; and He implies them to be for this worthy of death. For if he who dishonors them in word is punished, much more ye, who do so in deed, and who not only dishonor, but also teach it to others. "Ye then who ought not so much as to live, how find ye fault with the disciples?"
"And what wonder is it, if ye offer such insults to me, who am as yet unknown, when even to the Father ye are found doing the like?" For everywhere He both asserts and implies, that from Him they began with this their arrogance.
But some do also otherwise interpret, "It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me;" that is, I owe thee no honor, but it is a free gift from me to thee, if indeed I do honor thee. But Christ would not have mentioned an insult of that sort.
And Mark again makes this plainer, by saying, "It is Corban, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me;" 1988 which means, not a gift and present, but properly an offering.
Having then signified that they who were trampling on the law could not be justly entitled to blame men for transgressing a command of certain elders, He points out this same thing again from the prophet likewise. Thus, having once laid hold of them severely, He proceeds further: as on every occasion He doth, bringing forward the Scriptures, and so evincing Himself to be in accordance with God.
And what saith the prophet? "This people honoreth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. But in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men." 1989
Seest thou a prophecy in exact accordance with His sayings, and from the very first proclaiming beforehand their wickedness? For what Christ laid to their charge now, of this Isaiah also spake from the very first; that the words of God they despise, "for in vain do they worship me," saith He; but of their own they make much account, "teaching," saith He, "for doctrines the commandments of men." Therefore with reason the disciples keep them not.
3. Having, you see, given them their mortal blow; and from the facts first, then from their own suffrage, then from the prophet having aggravated the charge, with them indeed He discourses not at all, incorrigibly disposed as they are now come to be, but directs His speech to the multitudes, so as to introduce His doctrine, great and high, and full of much strictness; and taking occasion from the former topic, He proceeds to insert that which is greater, casting out also the observance of meats.
But see when. When He had cleansed the leper, when He had repealed the Sabbath, when He had shown Himself King of earth and sea, when He had made laws, when He had remitted sins, when He had raised dead men, when He had afforded them many proofs of His Godhead, then He discourses of meats.
For indeed all the religion of the Jews is comprised in this; if thou take this away, thou hast even taken away all. For hereby He signifies, that circumcision too must be abrogated. But of Himself He doth not prominently introduce this (forasmuch as that was older than the other commandments, and had higher estimation), but He enacts it by His disciples. For so great a thing was it, that even the disciples after so long a time being minded to do it away, first practise it, and so put it down. 1990
But see how He introduces His law: how "He called the multitude, and said unto them, Hear and understand." 1991
Thus He doth by no means simply reveal it to them, but by respect and courtesy, first, He makes His saying acceptable (for this the evangelist declares by saying, "He called p. 307 them unto Him"): and secondly, by the time also; in that after their refutation, and His victory over them, and the accusation by the prophet, then He begins His legislation, when they too would more easily receive His sayings.
And He doth not merely call them unto Him, but also makes them more attentive. For "understand," saith He, that is, "consider, rouse yourselves; for of that sort is the law now about to be enacted. For if they set aside the law, even unseasonably, for their own tradition, and ye hearkened; much more ought ye to hearken unto me, who at the proper season am leading you unto a higher rule of self restraint."
And He did not say, "The observance of meats is nothing, neither that Moses had given wrong injunctions, nor that of condescension He did so;" but in the way of admonition and counsel, and taking His testimony from the nature of the things, He saith: "Not the things that go into the mouth, defile the man, but the things that go out of the mouth;" 1992 resorting to nature herself both in His enactment and in His demonstration. Yet they hearing all this, made no reply, neither did they say, "What sayest Thou? When God hath given charges without number concerning the observance of meats, dost thou make such laws?" But since He had utterly stopped their mouths, not by refuting them only, but also by publishing their craft, and exposing what was done by them in secret, and revealing the secrets of their mind; their mouths were stopped, and so they went away.
But mark, I pray thee, how He doth not yet venture distinctly to set Himself with boldness against the meats. Therefore neither did He say "the meats," but, "the things that enter in defile not the man;" which it was natural for them to suspect concerning the unwashen hands also. For He indeed was speaking of meats, but it would be understood of these matters too.
Why, so strong was the feeling of scruple about the meats, that even after the resurrection Peter said, "Not so, Lord, for I have never eaten anything common or unclean." 1993 For although it was for the sake of others that He said this, and in order to leave Himself a justification against his censurers, by pointing out that he actually remonstrated, and not even so was excused, nevertheless it implies the depth of their impression on that point.
Wherefore you see He Himself also at the beginning spake not openly concerning meats, but, "The things that go into the mouth;" and again, when He had seemed afterwards to speak more plainly, He veiled it by His conclusion, saying, "But to eat with unwashen hands defileth not the man:" 1994 that He might seem to have had His occasion from thence, and to be still discoursing of the same. Therefore He said not, "To eat meats defileth not a man," but is as though He were speaking on that other topic; that they may have nothing to say against it.
4. When therefore they had heard these things, "the Pharisees," it is said, "were offended," 1995 not the multitudes. For "His disciples," so it is said, "came and said unto Him, Knowest thou that the Pharisees were offended, when they heard the saying?" Yet surely nothing had been said unto them.
What then saith Christ? He did not remove the offense in respect of them, but reproved them, saying, "Every plant which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up." 1996 For He is wont both to despise offenses, and not to despise them. Elsewhere, for example, He saith, "But lest we should offend them, cast an hook into the sea:" 1997 but here He saith, "Let them alone, they be blind leaders of the blind: and if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch." 1998
But these things His disciples said, not as grieving for those men only, but as being themselves also slightly perplexed. But because they durst not say so in their own person, they would fain learn it by their telling Him of others. And as to its being so, hear how after this the ardent and ever-forward Peter came to Him, and saith, "Declare unto us this parable," 1999 discovering the trouble in his soul, and not indeed venturing to say openly, "I am offended," but requiring that by His interpretation he should be freed from his perplexity; wherefore also he was reproved.
What then saith Christ? "Every plant which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up."
This, they that are diseased with the Manichæan pest affirm to be spoken of the law; but their months are stopped by what had been said before. For if He was speaking of the law, how doth He further back defend it, and fight for it, saying, "Why do ye transgress the commandments of God for your tradition?" And how doth He bring for p. 308 ward the prophet? But of themselves and of their traditions He so speaks. For if God said, "Honor thy father and thy mother," how is not that of God's planting, which was spoken by God?
And what follows also indicates, that of themselves it was said, and of their traditions. Thus He added, "They are blind leaders of the blind." Whereas, had He spoken it of the law, He would have said, "It is a blind leader of the blind." But not so did He speak, but, "They are blind leaders of the blind:" freeing it from the blame, and bringing it all round upon them.
Then to sever the people also from them, as being on the point of falling into a pit by their means, He saith, "If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch."
It is a great evil merely to be blind, but to be in such a case and have none to lead him, nay, to occupy the place of a guide, is a double and triple ground of censure. For if it be a dangerous thing for the blind man not to have a guide, much more so that he should even desire to be guide to another.
What then saith Peter? He saith not, "What can this be which Thou hast said?" but as though it were full of obscurity, he puts his question. And he saith not, "Why hast thou spoken contrary to the law?" for he was afraid, lest he should be thought to have taken offense, but asserts it to be obscure. However, that it was not obscure, but that he was offended, is manifest, for it had nothing of obscurity.
Wherefore also He rebukes him, saying, "Are ye also yet without understanding?" 2000 For as to the multitude, they did not perhaps so much as understand the saying; but themselves were the persons offended. Wherefore, whereas at first, as though asking in behalf of the Pharisees, they were desirous to be told; when they heard Him denouncing a great threat, and saying, "Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up," and, "They are blind leaders of the blind," they were silenced. But he, always ardent, not even so endures to hold his peace, but saith, "Declare unto us this parable." 2001
What then saith Christ? With a sharp rebuke He answers, "Are ye also yet without understanding? Do ye not yet understand?"
But these things He said, and reproved them, in order to cast out their prejudice; He stopped not however at this, but adds other things also, saying, "That whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth into the belly, and is cast out into the draught; but those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart, and they defile the man. For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, blasphemies, false-witnessings: and these are the things that defile the man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not the man." 2002
Seest thou how sharply He deals with them, and in the way of rebuke?
Then He establishes His saying by our common nature, and with a view to their cure. For when He saith, "It goeth into the belly, and is cast out into the draught," he is still answering according to the low views of the Jews. For He saith, "it abides not, but goes out:" and what if it abode? it would not make one unclean. But not yet were they able to hear this.
And one may remark, that because of this the lawgiver allows just so much time, as it may be remaining within one, but when it is gone forth, no longer. For instance, at evening He bids you wash yourself, and so be clean; measuring the time of the digestion, and of the excretion. 2003 But the things of the heart, He saith, abide within, and when they are gone forth they defile, and not when abiding only. And first He puts our evil thoughts, a kind of thing which belonged to the Jews; and not as yet doth He make His refutation from the nature of the things, but from the manner of production from the belly and the heart respectively, and from the fact that the one sort remains, the other not; the one entering in from without, and departing again outwards, while the others are bred 2004 within, and having gone forth they defile, and then more so, when they are gone forth. Because they were not yet able, as I said, to be taught these things with all due strictness.
But Mark saith, that "cleansing the meats," 2005 He spake this. He did not however express it, nor at all say, "but to eat such and such meats defileth not the man," for neither could they endure to be told it by Him thus distinctly. And accordingly p. 309 His conclusion was, "But to eat with unwashen hands defileth not the man." 2006
5. Let us learn then what are the things that defile the man; let us learn, and let us flee them. For even in the church we see such a custom prevailing amongst the generality, and men giving diligence to come in clean garments, and to have their hands washed; but how to present a clean soul to God, they make no account.
And this I say, not forbidding them to wash hands or mouth; but willing men so to wash as is meet, not with water only, but instead of water, with all virtues. For the filth of the mouth is evil speaking, blasphemy, reviling, angry words, filthy talking, laughter, jesting: if then thou art conscious to thyself of uttering none of them, neither of being defiled with this filth, draw near with confidence; but if thou hast times out of number received these stains, why dost thou labor in vain, washing thy tongue indeed with water, but bearing about on it such deadly and hurtful filth? For tell me, hadst thou dung on thy hands, and mire, wouldest thou indeed venture to pray? By no means. And yet this were no hurt; but that is ruin. How then art thou reverential in the different things, but in the forbidden remiss?
What then? should not we pray? saith one. We should indeed, but not while defiled, and having upon us mire of that sort.
"What then, if I have been overtaken?" saith one. Cleanse thyself. "How, and in what way?" Weep, groan, give alms, apologize to him that is affronted, reconcile him to thyself hereby, wipe clean thy tongue, lest thou provoke God more grievously. For so if one had filled his hands with dung, and then should lay hold of thy feet, entreating thee, far from hearing him, thou wouldest rather spurn him with thy foot; how then durst thou in such sort draw nigh to God? Since in truth the tongue is the hand of them that pray, and by it we lay hold on the knees of God. Defile it not therefore, lest to thee also He say, "Though ye make many prayers, I will not hearken." 2007 Yea, and "in the power of the tongue are death and life;" 2008 and, "By thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned." 2009
I bid thee then watch thy tongue more than the apple of thine eye. The tongue is a royal steed. If then thou put a bridle on it, and teach it to pace orderly, the King will rest and take His seat thereon; but if thou suffer it to rush about unbridled and leap wantonly, it becomes a beast for the devil and bad spirits to ride on. And while thou, fresh from the company of thine own wife, darest not pray, although this is no blame at all; dost thou lift up thine hands, fresh from reviling and insult, which brings after it no less than hell, before thou hast well cleansed thyself? And how dost thou not shudder? tell me. Hast thou not heard Paul, saying, "Marriage is honorable, and the bed undefiled?" 2010 But if on rising from the undefiled bed, thou darest not draw nigh in prayer, how dost thou coming from the bed of the devil call on that awful and terrible name? For it is truly the devil's bed, to wallow in insults and reviling. And like some wicked adulterer, wrath dallies with us in great delight, casting into us deadly seed, and making us give birth to diabolical enmity, and doing all things in a way opposite to marriage. For whereas marriage causes the two to become one flesh, wrath severs into many parts them that were united, and cleaves and cuts in pieces the very soul.
That thou mayest therefore with confidence draw nigh to God, receive not wrath, when it comes in upon thee, and desires to be with thee, but drive it away like a mad dog.
For so Paul too commanded: his phrase being, "lifting up holy hands without wrath and disputing." 2011 Dishonor not then thy tongue, for how will it entreat for thee, when it hath lost its proper confidence? but adorn it with gentleness, with humility, make it worthy of the God who is entreated, fill it with blessing, with much almsdoing. For it is possible even with words to do alms. "For a word is a better thing than a gift," 2012 and "answer the poor man peaceably with meekness." 2013 And all the rest of thy time too adorn it with the rehearsing of the laws of God; "Yea, let all thy communication be in the law of the Most High." 2014
Having thus adorned ourselves, let us come to our King, and fall at His knees, 2015 not with the body only, but also with the mind. Let us consider whom we are approaching, and on whose behalf, and what we would accomplish. We are drawing nigh unto God, whom the seraphim behold and turn away their faces, not bearing His brightness; at sight of whom the earth trembles. We draw nigh unto God, "who dwelleth in the light, which no man can approach unto." 2016 And we draw nigh unto Him for deliverance from hell, for remission of sins, for escape from those in p. 310 tolerable punishments, for attaining to the Heavens, and to the good things that are there. Let us, I say, fall down before Him both in body and in mind, that He may raise us up when we are down; let us converse with all gentleness and meekness.
And who is so wretched and miserable, one may say, as not to become gentle in prayer? He that prays with an imprecation, and fills himself with wrath, and cries out against his enemies.
6. Nay, if thou wilt accuse, accuse thyself. If thou wilt whet and sharpen thy tongue, let it be against thine own sins. And tell not what evil another hath done to thee, but what thou hast done to thyself; for this is most truly an evil; since no other will really be able to injure thee, unless thou injure thyself. Wherefore, if thou desire to be against them that wrong thee, approach as against thyself first; there is no one to hinder; since by coming into court against another, thou hast but the greater injury to go away with.
And what injury at all hast thou really to mention? That such an one insulted and spoiled thee by violence, and encompassed thee with dangers? Nay, this is receiving not injury, but if we be sober, the very greatest benefit; the injured being he that did such things, not he that suffered them. And this is more than any one thing the cause of all our evils, that we do not so much as know at all who is the injured, and who the injurious person. Since if we knew this well, we should not ever injure ourselves, we should not pray against another, having learnt that it is impossible to suffer ill of another. For not to be spoiled, but to spoil, is an evil. Wherefore, if thou hast spoiled, accuse thyself; but if thou hast been spoiled, rather pray for him that spoiled thee, because he hath done thee the greatest good. For although the intent of the doer was not such, yet thou hast received the greatest benefit, if thou hast endured it nobly. For him, both men, and the laws of God declare to be wretched, but thee, the injured party, they crown, and proclaim thy praise.
For so if any one sick of a fever had violently taken from any other a vessel containing water, and had had his fill of his pernicious desire, we should not say that the despoiled had been injured, but the spoiler; for he has aggravated his fever, and made his disease more grievous. Now in this way I bid thee reason concerning him also that loves wealth and money. For he too, having a far worse fever than the other, has by this rapine fanned the flame in himself.
Again, were some madman to snatch a sword from any one, and destroy himself, which again is the injured? He that hath been robbed, or the robber? It is quite clear, he that did the robbery.
Well then, in the case of seizing property also, let us give the same suffrage. For what a sword is to a madman, much the same is wealth to a covetous man; nay, it is even a worse thing. For the madman, when he has taken the sword, and thrust it through himself, is both delivered from his madness, and hath no second blow to receive; but the lover of money receives daily ten thousand wounds more grievous than his, without delivering himself from his madness, but aggravating it more exceedingly: and the more wounds he receives, the more doth he give occasion for other more grievous blows.
Reflecting then on these things, let us flee this sword; let us flee the madness; though late, let us become temperate. For this virtue too ought to be called temperance, not less than that which is used to be so called among all men. For whereas there the dominion of one lust is to be struggled against, here we have to master many lusts, and those of all kinds.
Yea, nothing, nothing is more foolish 2017 than the slave of wealth. He thinks he overcomes when he is overcome. He thinks he is master, when he is a slave, and putting bonds on himself, he rejoices; making the wild beast fiercer, he is pleased; and becoming a captive, he prides himself, and leaps for joy; and seeing a dog rabid and flying at his soul, when he ought to bind him and weaken him by hunger, he actually supplies him with abundance of food, that he may leap upon him more fiercely, and be more formidable.
Reflecting then on all these things, let us loose the bonds, let us slay the monster, let us drive away the disease, let us cast out this madness; that we may enjoy a calm and pure health, and having with much pleasure sailed into the serene haven, may attain unto the eternal blessings; unto which may we all attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might, now and always, and world without end. Amen.
[In the Oxford edition verses 3–6 are printed here in full from the A.V. But in the Greek text of the Homily only the first part of ver. 1 appears. As the larger part of the other verses is given below, and as several questions of text and interpretation arise, the passage has been printed here to correspond with the Greek.—R.]
[R.V., "from Jerusalem Pharisees and Scribes." But Chrysostom's text is as above, agreeing with the received. The omission of the article affects the sense, as indicated in the R.V.—R.]
Deut. iv. 2.
[R.V., "because of."]
[Chrysostom read κα, with the rec. text, thus making the sentence break off. The A.V. supplies "he shall be free." R.V., omitting "and," with the best authorities, makes this clause the conclusion: "he shall not honor," etc.—R.]
[R.V. text omits "and his mother."]
[So rec. text, but R.V. reads "word" in the text, with "law" in the margin.—R.]
Matt. xv. 3-6. [R.V., "because of your tradition."]
Exod. 20:12, Eph. 6:1, 2.
Exod. xxi. 17.
Mark vii. 11.
Matt. 15:8, 9, Isa. 29:13. [R.V., "teaching as their doctrines the precepts of men."]
Acts xvi. 3.
Matt. xv. 11.
Acts x. 14.
Matt. xvii. 27.
Matt. xv. 14. [So rec. text. The R.V. follows a briefer reading, but properly substitutes "a pit" for "the ditch."—R.]
Matt. xv. 17-20.
Lev. 11:24, 25.
[τκτεται; the Oxford edition has "bad," which is probably a misprint for "bred."—R.]
Mark vii. 19. Origen in his commentary on this passage of St. Matthew, refers also to St. Mark, where he reads as St. Chrysostom here, καθαρζων instead of καθαρζον. The word "cleansing" or "purging" is therefore referred to our Lord, and our Saviour's words will stand as a parenthesis. See Field in loc. [The translator doubtless means that this view makes our Lord's own words a parenthetical explanation of the evangelist. So the R.V. gives the clause. That καθαρζων is the correct reading is quite certain, but German commentators refer it to ἀφδρνα, accepting a change of construction. The evangelist Mark rarely inserts explanations. The citation from Origen will be found in Tischendorf, VIII., note on Mark vii. 19. Despite the authority of Origen and Chrysostom, the rendering of the R.V. is of doubtful propriety.—R.]
Is. i. 15.
Prov. xviii. 21.
Matt. xii. 37.
Heb. xiii. 4.
1 Tim. ii. 8.
Ecclesiasticus 18.16.
Ecclesiasticus 4.8.
Ecclesiasticus 9.15.
[ππτωμεν π γνατα, "fall on our knees" seems to be the more probable sense, as the context indicates. Compare the last sentence in the paragraph.—R.]
1 Tim. vi. 16.
ἀφρονστερον opposed to σωφροσνη.
Next: Homily LII


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One of the Bridesmaids No More: Kristen Wiig Is Engaged to Boyfriend Avi Rothman
The engagement comes after three years of dating.
By Chelsey Sanchez
Aug 16 2019, 1:15 pm EDT
Kristen Wiig is engaged and has reportedly been wearing her engagement ring for months!
Wiig and her fiancé, actor Avi Rothman, first sparked dating rumors in 2016, when they were spotted together on a Hawaiian rendezvous.
Kristen Wiig is officially engaged to her longtime boyfriend, actor Avi Rothman, according to reports from TMZ.
In fact, the two have apparently been engaged for months. Wiig was first spotted sporting a diamond engagement ring during a screening of Booksmart at The Theatre at Ace Hotel in Los Angeles. Posing for a photo with Friends star Lisa Kudrow, the engagement rock is just barely visible at Wiig's side.
It's unsurprising that the news of Wiig and Rothman's engagement comes months after he (or she—it's the 21st century, after all) popped the question. The happy couple is famously private about their relationship. When they were first spotted together during a trip to Hawaii that sparked rumors of Wiig's new "mystery man," Rothman was hardly new. At that point, Wiig and Rothman had been seeing each other for months.
Leslie Jones, Kristen Wiig, and Avi Rothman attend the American Museum of Natural History's 2016 Museum Gala at American Museum of Natural History on November 17, 2016, in New York City.
Jared SiskinGetty Images
A source from People reportedly said that the Bridesmaids actress and her new beau were "secretly dating for a few months," adding that "they're really happy together."
Rothman—although lesser known than his former Saturday Night Live star fiancée—has an impressive filmography to boast. He has writing and producing credits for television movies like Codependents (2014) and Partners (2007). He is also known for his roles in movies like Love, Sex and Missed Connections (2012).
Meanwhile, Wiig has also been busy making herself a household name. She's costarring with Cate Blanchett in Where'd You Go, Bernadette, a dramedy directed by Richard Linklater and in theaters now.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Vaccine ingredient DENIALISM, it seems, is alive and well across the fakestream media.
As Natural News correctly reported, one of the many animal-derived ingredients used in vaccines and openly admitted by the CDC is African Green Monkey kidney cells. Apparently, this realization was just too much for the scientifically illiterate media (and wholly dishonest vaccine pushers) who insisted it couldn't possibly be true.
Now, CDC has confirmed the Natural News story to be 100% accurate and true through several documents posted on the CDC website which openly admit that African Green Monkey kidney cells are used in vaccines approved by the CDC for immunizations across America.
Here's the irrefutable proof, which also demonstrates that the mainstream media is pushing fake news about vaccines while Natural News is one of the very few journalism organizations that dares to publish real news about vaccines.
As you can see from the screen shots of the document, below, the list of excipient ingredients is "current as of January 6, 2017," according to the CDC.
Note the inclusion of African Green Monkey kidney cells in the list. And note carefully that the entire mainstream media is calling Natural News a liar for accurately citing this CDC document.
As you can see form this list, these CDC-approved vaccines are deliberately formulated with all sorts of highly toxic and questionable ingredients, including acetone, a toxic solvent, aluminum, artificial coloring chemicals, human blood components, dextrose (probably from GMO corn), cow blood components and a whole lot more.
Are these vaccines made with African Green Monkey kidney cells and aborted human fetal cells really used in the United States?
This page from the FDA lists all the vaccines which are "licensed for use in the United States," and it includes the vaccines containing African Green Monkey kidney cells and the WI-38 aborted human fetal cells.
LIVE Smallpox viruses grown in monkey kidneys, then harvested to be injected into YOU!
In addition to the CDC confirming Natural News is 100% correct through the documents listed above, the vaccine insert sheet itself also describes the use of African Green Monkey kidney cells.
Click the following link for a backup copy on Natural News servers.
ACAM2000, Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine, Live, is a live vaccinia virus derived from plaque purification cloning from Dryvax® (Wyeth Laboratories, Marietta, PA, calf lymph vaccine, New York City Board of Health Strain) and grown in African Green Monkey kidney (Vero) cells and tested to be free of adventitious agents. ACAM2000 is provided as a lyophilized preparation of purified live virus containing the following non-active excipients: 6-8 mM HEPES (pH 6.5-7.5), 2% human serum albumin USP, 0.5 – 0.7% sodium chloride USP, 5% mannitol USP, and trace amounts of neomycin and polymyxin B.
Myocarditis and pericarditis (suspect cases observed at a rate of 5.7 per 1000 primary vaccinees (95% CI: 1.9-13.3)), encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, encephalopathy, progressive vaccinia, generalized vaccinia, severe vaccinial skin infections, erythema multiforme major (including STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME), eczema vaccinatum resulting in permanent sequelae or death, ocular complications, blindness and fetal death, have occurred following either primary vaccination or revaccination with live vaccinia virus smallpox vaccines. These risks are increased in certain individuals and may result in severe disability, permanent neurological sequelae and/or death [see Warnings and Precautions (5)].
Note the mention of "death" several times, and the shockingly high rate of serious adverse events at 5.7 per 1000 vaccinees. Notice also that this vaccine can cause permanent blindness, spontaneous abortions and severe neurological damage.
For yet more irrefutable proof of the use of African Green Monkey kidney cells in CDC-approved vaccines, refer to this 2016 science paper published on the CDC.gov website entitled Use of Vaccinia Virus Smallpox Vaccine in Laboratory and Health Care Personnel at Risk for Occupational Exposure to Orthopoxviruses — Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2015.
ACAM2000 is a vaccinia virus vaccine derived from a plaque-purified clone of the same New York City Board of Health strain that was used to manufacture Dryvax vaccine. ACAM2000 is grown in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells and tested to be free of known adventitious agents (4). Safety data from ACAM2000 clinical trials indicate a similar safety profile to Dryvax, including a risk for serious adverse events (e.g., progressive vaccinia, postvaccinial encephalitis, and eczema vaccinatum) (5,6). Myopericarditis has also been associated with ACAM2000 and is estimated to occur at a rate of 5.7 per 1,000 primary vaccinees based on clinical trial data (6).
#1) CDC excipients sheet from January 6, 2017, documenting the use of African Green Monkey kidney cells in vaccines.
#2) The Smallpox ACAM2000 vaccine insert sheet, also openly discussing how live viruses are grown in African Green Monkey kidneys, then harvested for use in vaccines.
#3) CDC.gov science paper that further confirms and discusses the use of African Green Monkey kidneys in vaccines.
Yet, astonishingly, there isn't a single corporate-run media outlet in the world that will acknowledge this irrefutable fact. Instead, they attack it and label it "fake news" for the simple reason that they don't want you to know what's really in vaccines.
It's clear at this point that the corporate-run media owes Natural News an apology… and they owe their audiences an explanation. More importantly, now that you know about this particular cover-up, you're also probably smart enough to know that they're lying to you about everything else related to vaccines, too.
Don't believe a single thing the corporate-run media tells you about vaccines. They are knowingly lying all the time. Stay informed at Vaccines.news and Natural News.


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Hiplife
Kevin Spacey Freed From Sex Assault Case
By Daily Guide
LISTEN AUG 6, 2019
Prosecutors in the State of Massachusetts, United State of America (USA), have dropped a criminal case against Kevin Spacey.
Mr Spacey, 59, was accused of groping an 18-year-old man at a bar in 2016.
The indecent assault and battery charges were dropped on Wednesday after the accuser refused to testify about a missing phone, which the defence said could prove the actor's innocence.
Mr Spacey has faced several sexual misconduct accusations but this was the only one to result in a criminal case.
The claims date back three years, when the accuser says Mr Spacey bought him alcohol and groped him at a bar on the island of Nantucket, Massachusetts.
The accuser was ordered to take to the stand this month after he said he lost the phone he had used on the night of the alleged assault. Mr Spacey's lawyers had accused the man of deleting text messages and said the phone could be used to prove their client's innocence.
However, he invoked his Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination and refused to testify.
In a statement on Wednesday, the Cape and Islands District Attorney's Office said the "unavailability of the complaining witness" had led them to drop the case.
The announcement comes after the accuser earlier this month said he was dropping a civil case against the actor.
The accuser's lawyer, Mitchell Garabedian, said in a statement on Wednesday that his client had "shown an enormous amount of courage under difficult circumstances."
The allegations in the case came after an actor accused a then 26-year-old, Mr Spacey of climbing on top of him on a bed when he was just 14 years old.
Mr Spacey apologised for any inappropriate conduct, which he said he could not remember.
In May, Mr Spacey was questioned over allegations of sexual assault in the UK between 1996 and 2013. Metropolitan Police officers travelled to the US to speak to him. Inquiries in the case are ongoing.
Amid multiple allegations of misconduct, the Oscar-winning actor was dropped from Netflix series House of Cards in 2017 and had his scenes edited out of the film "All the Money in the World." The Nantucket case was one of few criminal cases to be brought as a result of Hollywood's #MeToo scandal.
-BBC


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High schoolers who wore masks during homophobic graffiti spree identified by auto-connect wi-fi
PinkNews Reporter July 12, 2019
The four wore masks but were identified by the wi-fi network. (Howard County Police)
A group of students in Maryland, US, who covered their school in racist, homophobic and anti-Semitic graffiti the night before graduation have been identified.
According to local reports, the four teens wore makeshift masks during the vandalism spree in an attempt to hide their identities.
This is an act of violence that rips the fabric of our community.
However, their plan was thwarted when their mobile phone automatically connected to the school's wi-fi network.
The four teens, later identified as Joshua Shaffer, Seth Taylor, Matthew Lipp, and Tyler Curtiss, wore t-shirts over their faces as they spray painted offensive language across Glenelg High School campus on May 23 last year.
A still from the school's CCTV footage. (via The Washington Post)
The graffiti included homophobic and anti-Semitic slurs as well as a direct attack on school Principal David Burton, who is black.
According to The Washington Post, students at Glengelg must log in from their phones with unique IDs in order to connect to the internet. After the initial login the devices then continue to 'automatically connect whenever they are on campus'.
The group were sentenced to probation, community service and consecutive weekends in jail ranging from nine to 18 weeks.
At a press conference following the sentencing Attorney Rich Gibson said: "This was something that was 50 separate acts of hate, you have anti-Semitic graffiti, you have racist graffiti, racist graffiti that targeted Principal Burton by name, you have homophobic references that were made.


Our office offers a variety of services to assess all your dental needs. We take pride in being able to work one on one with you, to provide you with the best treatment that will help you maintain a health smile. See the links below for a brief explanation of each service or ask our staff – we'll be happy to answer any questions.


Jimmy Riddle is an experienced Comedy Entertainers, Singer and Musician who plays many instruments including keyboards guitar and banjo - he has many years experience working in a wide variety of care homes for the elderly and disabled and can entertain a wide variety of age groups in Carehomes near Berkswell or any nearby locations throughout the West Midlands.
Jimmy's Berkswell shows are always fun filled with a wide mixture of music and family friendly comedy. Jimmy's singing voice is able to adapt to many different types of songs both old and new. Jimmy loves to get out to his audience encouraging them to join in and sing along in any capacity that they can. It's always heart warming to see the residents having a fabulous time. Jimmy also likes to entertain the staff too - if they are game for a laugh. This all helps to raise the atmosphere and enjoyment for all to help generate a fun filled atmosphere!


More than 20 emergency vehicles responded to a trucking accident involving multiple vehicles near the interchange of Mounts Road in the southbound lanes of Interstate 5 on Monday.
Unfortunately this wreck resulted in at least one death, and several additional people suffered significant injuries in the accident. Investigators believe the collision occurred after a pickup truck lost control while it was towing a rental trailer which veered off the northbound highway, over the median and onto the southbound lanes.
Immediately the pickup collided into an oncoming box truck which caused the box truck to spin out of control. Then the vehicle spinning out of control was hit again by semi-truck headed southbound. The force of impact between the two large, destructive trucks caused them to burst into flames.
The semi-truck driver was unable to escape from his vehicle and was tragically killed in the crash as a result, but the occupants in the box truck were able to escape and survive with sustainable injures. The driver of the pickup truck also reportedly suffered serious injuries and was taken to Madigan Army Hospital following the crash.
Police are continuing to investigate the cause of the initial collision, as they want to know why it crossed over the median and into oncoming traffic in the first place. A full investigation has been launched to find the cause of the collision, but officials believe it could take some time.
Responding troopers from the Washington State Patrol (WSP) took samples of the pickup truck driver's blood in order to determine whether or not he was impaired at the time of the crash. There was reportedly no evidence of impairment at the scene, but troopers will wait for the results of the blood tests before making any determinations.
It was mentioned in news reports that the driver of the semi-truck was likely on the job when the accident occurred, which has a significant impact on the legal options for his surviving family members and loved ones.
In Washington State, a person who is injured – or killed, in this case – in the course of employment will typically have to file a claim with the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries to be compensated for their injuries, medical bills, lost wages and more. However, since the event that caused the victim's death was the result of the negligence of a third-party (the at-fault driver), his surviving loved ones could pursue a wrongful death claim against the at-fault driver's insurance company.
Clearly, this will be a very complicated legal case for all parties involved, as there were additional injured victims from other vehicles in the accident. Anyone who finds themselves in a situation like this would likely benefit from consulting with a personal injury attorney because of the complexity of the accident and the evidence that will need to be produced in order to support a claim.


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BlogBlog » Home » Win a pair of Apple AirPods in our latest Prize Draw
Enter our latest Prize Draw to #WIN a pair of AirPods with Wireless Charging Case & Free Engraving worth £199.
Simply like our @newfoxit page and share the prize draw post on our Social Media platforms for your chance to win!
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The new AirPods deliver the wireless headphone experience, reimagined. Just pull them out of the charging case and they're ready to use with your iPhone, Apple Watch, iPad or Mac. After a simple, one-tap setup, AirPods work like magic. They're automatically on and always connected. AirPods can even sense when they're in your ears and pause when you take them out.
Win a pair of AirPods Prize Draw Terms & Conditions
The Win a pair of AirPods prize draw will run from 01/07/2019 until 31/07/2019. The winner will be drawn at random on Thursday 01/08/2019. Entrants who use Twitter, Facebook, Instagram & LinkedIn will be counted as individual entries. This prize draw is in no way endorsed Twitter, Facebook, Instagram or LinkedIn.
The promoter of this prize draw is Newfox Ltd, Elmfield Road, Morley, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS27 0EL a company registered in England and Wales, Company Registration Number 5236863
Entry to the prize draw is deemed acceptance of these terms and conditions.
Entry is open to residents of the UK excluding Channel Islands or the Isle of Man, except employees (and their families) of Newfox Ltd, the supplier of the prize and any other companies associated with either Newfox Ltd or the prize draw.
The winner will be contacted directly to arrange home delivery. The majority of prizes are delivered within 7 working days. However, in some instances there may be a delivery or collection waiting period of up to 2-4 weeks.
Only one entry per person, per social media platform will be accepted. Entrants must only enter in their own name and the promoter reserves the right to request proof. If no suitable proof is provided, the winner will forfeit the prize.
Prizes are as stated, non-exchangeable, non-transferable, and are not redeemable for cash or other prizes.
Reasonable efforts will be made to contact the winner(s). If the winner(s) cannot be contacted, or are unable to comply with these terms and conditions within 30 days from the winner(s) being announced, the Promoter reserves the right to offer the prize to the next eligible entrant drawn at random, or in the event that the promotion is being judged the Promoter reserves the right to offer the prize to the runner(s) up.
Failure to respond and/or provide an address for delivery, or failure to meet the eligibility requirements may result in forfeiture of the prize.
The winner agrees to the use of their name, photograph and disclosure of county of residence and will co-operate with any other reasonable requests by Newfox Ltd relating to any postwinning publicity.
Your personal details will not be passed on to any third parties.
By entering this prize draw you are also agreeing to be contacted by Newfox for marketing and sales purposes. You reserve the right to unsubscribe from our marketing emails at any time.
The Promoter reserves the right to cancel or amend the prize draw and these rules at any time without prior notice.
£20 Amazon Gift Voucher Prize Draw Terms & Conditions
One winner will be chosen at random from new followers of the account every time we reach 1000 new followers on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram & LinkedIn. We will then announce the winner on the relevant social media channel.
The £20 Amazon Gift Voucher prize draw will run from 01/07/2019 until 31/07/2019.
We reserve the right to amend these rules at any time.


Colombians on Twitter anxiously awaited the performance of BMX cyclist Mariana Pajón. Hashtags like ORO ("gold"), #ÁnimoMariana ("Go Mariana"), or Mariana Pajón became local Trending Topics before and after Pajón won the gold medal. With this achievement, Colombia ratifies the country's historic performance at the this year's Olympics and now ranks number 33 in the current medal count.


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The future of omnichannel strategies
By Silvio Kutic published 4 January 17
Instant messaging, chatbots, and traditional SMS central to omnichannel strategies of the future
(Image credit: Image Credit: PopTika / Shutterstock)
The messaging landscape has seen big changes in 2016, and its evolution is set to continue over the next 12 months. Omnichannel has been around for a while but this year, in particular has seen the concept truly take flight and become a key player in the growth of messaging. With instant messaging apps making more noise, and adding larger enterprises to their commercial list, the developments in chatbots, and ever-expanding IoT, 2017 is set to see more activity in the communications ecosystem than ever before.
Here are some of the things that will happen over the next 12 months, to shape omnichannel strategies of the future.
Messaging apps opening to enterprise
Instant messaging apps will muscle into the application-to-person (A2P) messaging space, continuing a trend we've seen throughout 2016. Since the first SMS text message was sent in 1992, the mobile messaging space has undergone radical change. Person-to-person (P2P) communication over the last few years has been dominated by instant messaging apps like WhatsApp, Line and Viber. So with consumers already interacting via instant messaging platforms, why not with businesses too?
In 2017 we're likely to see moves by large retailers, fashion, and automotive brands to add messaging apps to their marketing mix. For many, this will form part of a wider multichannel or omnichannel strategy with the aim of improving customer experience and driving sales.
Adding a 'sexy' messaging app to their communications suite is an appealing prospect for enterprises. The next step will be for these messaging apps to open up their tools to third party integration or API access. OTT giant WhatsApp has already jumped on the bandwagon this year, announcing its intention to open up A2P communication – potentially giving us a look into what is to come in 2017 as more instant messaging apps take the leap towards A2P. Users of these apps stand to benefit, with use cases including contact from their bank about a potentially fraudulent transaction, or getting notification from an airline about a delayed flight. However, making this a reality might be more of challenge for OTT companies than expected.
It's unlikely an instant messaging app will be successful as a standalone tool for business communications. For OTT companies to be most successful in the A2P messaging space they will need to become part of an integrated platform that supports the wider omnichannel experience. This might lead OTT messengers to seeking partnerships with established business messaging providers which will in turn help them put their best foot forward and attract potential enterprise users.
The rise of omnichannel
Considering the enterprise potential, businesses of all sizes will embrace the omnichannel opportunity in 2017. Juniper Research has predicted 160 trillion mobile and online messages will be sent each year by 2019, and omnichannel messaging will drive a significant amount of these. Different communications channels will be brought together, with new approaches to managing this technology and more simplified methods of integration introduced.
Businesses will be beefing up their communication strategies by integrating several messaging platforms – including SMS, voice, email, push notifications and messaging apps. Enterprises will need to put the consumer at the forefront of their omnichannel strategy and consider how they can successfully use the variety of communication options available. Consumers expect on-demand contact and interaction with their friends and colleagues at any time, on whichever platform they choose. Businesses should not forget this, and will increasingly seek to tailor their own communication options to specific consumers, allowing different communication channels to be used depending on the time, location and purpose.
With the explosion in omnichannel messaging we'll see in 2017, enterprises will move past thinking about the individual channel that delivers the message and will instead shift their focus to building consumer engagement. Businesses will need to take a holistic approach to understanding consumer communications, and this will require a similarly holistic method for building and delivering the tools for engagement. Without a centralised approach, an omnichannel platform will not allow a business to offer a fully consistent, joined up customer experience.
Bots will drive business
Customer service taken over by robots? A scenario which may have seemed far-fetched a few years ago will be closer than ever to the reality in 2017.
Chatbots have been the most talked about area of messaging development in recent months and, while it is unlikely that AI will completely replace human customer support services, developments in the technology will increase markedly next year. Rather than businesses forcing customers to wait to speak to someone in a call-centre, or closing customer support service outside of office hours, bot technology could help drive business efficiency and improve customer satisfaction.
The bot technology in general has benefited greatly from the advances in machine learning and natural language processing. The adoption at different points in business processes and communications can be expected to accelerate in 2017. Enterprises will likely seek and use a much wider variety of "intelligent" bots and bot logic to improve different aspects of consumer communications, but also other types of automated processes.
Furthermore, bots can be seen as the next big step in the extension and development of communications platforms, with a potential to have an impact on the entire ecosystem. The potential for platform-agnostic integration of this technology will open up new space for innovation, improvement in user experience and business efficiency through the increasingly intelligent automation.
Ever-expanding IoT to fuel SMS API integrations
The excitement surrounding the growth and future potential of IoT has been marred this year by a spate of high profile IoT-related hacks and security breaches. Consumers and businesses alike will become increasingly cautious of the technology unless robust security measures are implemented next year. Yet, nothing can stop the IoT trend, with companies increasingly seeking ways to connect devices in homes, cars, and our pockets. 2017 will see the professional SMS channel become the trusted delivery mechanism for many of these connected devices. Whether supporting mission-critical infrastructure for the industry, driving connected cities, or for IoT applications with a high threat level, such as connected health devices, SMS channel will be essential for prompt and secure message delivery.
It's already being used for a variety of consumer- and industry-facing cases in the emerging IoT world. From SMS alerts being sent to alert an owner their car battery is full to technicians being made aware of an equipment malfunction in the field, these examples are already wide ranging. Next year the potential for SMS APIs will grow even further, with the IoT driving demand for the integration of an SMS messaging component at various points in the ecosystem.
Image Credit: PopTika / Shutterstock
Silvio Kutic
Silvio Kutic, founder and CEO at Infobip, earned a MSc degree at the University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing. Silvio took over responsibilities at Infobip as CEO in 2006 and since then, has been the driving force behind the company's rapid growth and the strategic shift towards enterprise and MNO solutions.
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Rodrigo Duterte, also called Digong, (born March 28, 1945, Maasin, Philippines), Filipino politician who was elected president of the Philippines in 2016.
Duterte's father served as governor of the province of Davao, and his mother was a community activist who had a prominent role in the "people power" movement that deposed the authoritarian president Ferdinand Marcos and restored democratic rule to the Philippines. Duterte earned a political science degree (1968) from Lyceum of the Philippines University in Manila and a law degree (1972) from San Beda College. In 1977 he joined the Davao City prosecutor's office, where he remained until he was appointed (1986) vice mayor of that city.
Duterte was elected mayor in 1988, and he was reelected to that post twice over the subsequent decade. Because of term-limit restrictions, he was barred from seeking reelection in 1998, but he successfully ran for a seat representing Davao in the Philippines House of Representatives. Upon the completion of that term in 2001, he returned to Davao City and was once more elected mayor. Because the term-limit restriction again came into force in 2010, he was elected vice mayor, and his daughter Sara served as mayor. In 2013 Duterte returned to the mayor's office, this time with his son Paolo ("Pulong") serving as vice mayor.
During his more than two decades as mayor of Davao City, the controversial politician transformed the city from a haven of lawlessness into one of the safest areas in Southeast Asia. Duterte's harsh crime-fighting tactics earned him the nicknames "the Punisher" and "Duterte Harry" (in reference to the film character Dirty Harry, the ruthlessly effective police inspector portrayed by actor Clint Eastwood), but critics such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch claimed that Duterte was responsible for more than 1,000 extrajudicial killings. Rather than denying such allegations, he embraced them. The death squads that had carried out the killings operated with an impunity that implied official sanction, and Duterte openly praised both their methods and their apparent results. In that way he cultivated the image of a coarse pistol-toting vigilante in the months leading up to the presidential election. His antiestablishment message took hold among a Filipino public weary of official corruption, and his brash over-the-top rhetoric led to comparisons with U.S. Republican presidential hopeful Donald Trump.
Duterte's position on the contested Spratly Islands—arguably the Philippines' most-pressing foreign policy issue—caused consternation among the country's allies. He wavered unpredictably between a negotiated settlement with China and a claim that he would ride a jet ski to one of the disputed islands and plant a Filipino flag on it. On May 9 nearly 80 percent of eligible voters turned out for the election, and Duterte captured nearly as many votes as his two closest competitors combined. Within days of his landslide victory, Duterte vowed to reintroduce the death penalty—abolished in the Philippines in 2006—in concert with his promise to "fatten all the fish" in Manila Bay with the bodies of criminals. In a televised address in June, he endorsed vigilantism by members of the public, stating that he would personally reward anyone who shot and killed a drug dealer.
On June 30, 2016, Duterte was inaugurated as president of the Philippines. In his first six months in office, more than 6,000 people were killed in Duterte's "war on drugs." A fraction of those deaths occurred during police operations. The overwhelming majority were extrajudicial killings by death squads. Metro Manila's funeral parlours were strained beyond capacity, and hundreds of unidentified or unclaimed bodies were interred in mass burials. Human rights organizations and Roman Catholic officials spoke out against the bloodshed, but Duterte responded by accusing the church of corruption and the sexual abuse of children.
When Western governments expressed concern over the rampant vigilantism, Duterte said that the West could offer the Philippines only "double talk," and he sought to strengthen ties with Russia and China. The United States had suspended the sale of 26,000 assault rifles to the Philippines as a result of the human rights abuses, and in May 2017 Duterte met with Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin to discuss the prospect of an arms deal. While Duterte was in Moscow, a series of deadly clashes erupted in Marawi between Filipino troops and Islamist fighters linked to the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL; also called ISIS). Duterte cut short his trip and declared a state of martial law covering the entire island of Mindanao.


Have you got a great idea for an innovative project in MK? Enter the Our MK Citizen Ideas Competition for a chance to win funding to run your project!
Our MK is bringing together communities, data and enterprise to transform Milton Keynes. We want your innovative ideas for transport, energy, water, health and environment in our city, and to support you to develop these ideas into citizen-led projects. Could you use up to £5k to get your project off the ground?
The deadline for the first round of this competition funding is 16th August 2015, and support to develop your project will be given at workshops being held in Milton Keynes 22nd and 29th July. Further details of these will follow shortly on mksmart.org/events.
For further information about how you can apply, visit ourmk.org/competition.


Traveling alone can be rewarding and exciting: it is important to take personal time in your daily life. Planning an individual tour can be stressful, especially if you are not familiar with your destination. Use these tips to make your next individual trip fun and relaxing, and also to ensure safety.
Tour operators, such as Classic Journeys, plan trips for individual travelers. Classic Journeys states that approximately one third of your guests travel alone, which is why you are likely to have new friends in your travel group.
The tourism industry is ready to serve people in pairs, so single travelers often receive prizes. You almost always have to pay an additional fee for any tour or cruise when you book it yourself, so look for a tour where this rate is minimal.
One of the best ways to stay safe and not attract the attention of a tourist is to know the country you are visiting. Research online or with modern shanghai travel tours singapore to find out what the locals use, where they eat, how they speak and how they act, and about local laws and customs.
Traveling individually can be fun … but it can be lonely. If you travel alone, especially with a group of tourists, you should always try to make new friends with your fellow travelers, as well as with your guide and other locals.


LOS ANGELES — "It was a great year for movies" is one of those phrases that gets trotted out annually around this time, as bloggers whip up their top 10 lists and prestige films start preening for awards attention. On the whole, it can't always be true.
It pains me to say it, but this is one of those years when it's not. 2014 just wasn't all that great for movies, and that means creatively, at the box office and for the overall health of the business — three factors that always seem to run in a pack.


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ment believes a person has fully cooperated.
#1 von tujue , 30.07.2018 10:50
Calling the practice "at odds with modern day societal norms Kevin Shattenkirk Jersey ," Formula 1 on Wednesday announced it no longer would employ "grid girls," models who perform various promotional duties during races.
"Over the last year, we have looked at a number of areas which we felt needed updating so as to be more in tune with our vision for this great sport," Sean Bratches, Formula 1's managing director for commercial operations, said in a statement on the circuit's website. "While the practice of employing grid girls has been a staple of Formula 1 Grands Prix for decades, we feel this custom does not resonate with our brand values and clearly is at odds with modern day societal norms. We don't believe the practice is appropriate or relevant to Formula 1 and its fans, old and new, across the world."
The decision did not sit well with some grid girls, who railed against what they see as an overreach of political correctness.
"Ridiculous that women who say they are 'fighting for women's rights' are saying what others should and shouldn't do, stopping us from doing a job we love and are proud to do. PC gone mad," now-former grid girl Rebecca Cooper wrote on Twitter.
Michelle Westby, meanwhile, wrote on Facebook that her experience as a grid girl helped pave the way for her entrance to the male-dominated world of stunt and drift competition driving. She also said a lot of women will lose a source of income, thanks to "feminists."
"I'm now retired from it all but to think girls have now lost a lot of important income because feminists think they know best when they haven't a clue is really frustrating, we have our own voice, we loved doing the job, this is all basically because some men can't control what comes out their mouth and nothing to do with the girls," she wrote Thursday on Facebook. "I can walk past a building site and get the same comments so why suddenly a job should be taken away due to some unwanted male attention is a joke. What's next? No female magazines, commercials ….. where does it end."
"It's upsetting, and I'm rather disgusted that F1 have given in to the minority to be politically correct," a former grid girl named Charlotte Gash told BBC Radio 5 live. "I'm one of the lucky ones that I don't rely on this as a main source of income, but there are girls out there who do. I know the grid girls are there to look pretty when they're out on the grid, but my role was interacting with the crowd and we were there as an advertisement for the sponsors. We love doing it, and we don't want it taken away from us."
Formula 1's announcement followed a similar edict by Professional Darts Corporation, which said last week it no longer employ "walk-on girls" who escort male competitors to the stage. Female models still are used as eye candy at cycling events and during boxing and mixed martial arts competitions.
"We strongly encourage sports such as cycling, boxing and UFC to follow darts and Formula 1 and reconsider the use of podium girls, ring girls and octagon girls," the Women's Sport Trust said in a statement.
"This is not a matter of feminists versus models, which seems to be the way many people want to portray this story. These changes are taking place because global businesses are making a considered choice about how women should be valued and portrayed in their sports in 2018. They deserve significant credit for doing so."(Agencies)
The top Democrat on the House intelligence committee says a vote earlier this week to release a classified memo to the public is invalid because Republicans changed part of the document before sending it to the White House for review.
California Rep. Adam Schiff sent a letter to House intelligence committee chairman Devin Nunes late Wednesday that charged the document had been "secretly altered" by Republicans after the vote. Schiff did not detail the changes. A spokesman for Nunes did not immediately return a request for comment.
The panel voted Monday to publicly release the memo, part of a GOP effort to prove improper use of surveillance by the FBI in its Russia investigation. President Donald Trump has five days from the vote to review the document.
The FBI has declared that it has "grave concerns" about the accuracy of a classified memo on the Russia election investigation that President Donald Trump wants released.
The FBI's short and sharp statement Wednesday lays bare a Trump administration conflict that has played out mostly behind closed doors in meetings between top Justice Department and White House officials.
The agency's stance on the memo means that Trump would be openly defying his hand-picked FBI director by continuing to push for the memo's disclosure.
The four-page memo was drafted by Republicans on the House intelligence committee.
The Republicans have said the memo reveals surveillance abuses by the FBI and the Justice Department in the early stages of the investigation into potential ties between Russia and the 2016 Trump presidential campaign.
Special counsel Robert Mueller and attorneys for Michael Flynn say they're not ready for the former national security adviser to be sentenced because of the current status of the investigation.
The attorneys disclosed the information in a filing in federal court in Washington. Flynn has been cooperating with Mueller's investigators since December, when he pleaded guilty to a felony charge of making false statements.
The charge stemmed from an FBI interview in which Flynn lied about his contacts with Russia's ambassador to the U.S.
It's common for sentencing hearings to be delayed until the government believes a person has fully cooperated.
Document requests and recent witness interviews show Mueller is keenly interested in Flynn's time in the White
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Basement foundations are often specified on sloped lots where the additional floorspace is desirable. They provide maximum use of the available footprint and can house garages, utilities, laundry areas, or can be further improved to include living space. With basements certain conditions must be considered, as in the location of utilities such as sewer height. Water does not flow uphill. Several factors including lot slope will influence the final layout of the basement, primarily the location of the front wall below grade.
We offer a series of standard plans featuring elevators, with and without basements. The basement plans may be built on a conventional foundation for no additional charge. If the elevator is not desired the space may be used for dumbwaiters or simply as storage space. Our portfolio includes those featured here as well as other basement designs without elevator option included in the design.


Content has always been king and it is not about to step down the throne anytime soon. There is a reason why so many digital marketers have been so eager to try out new techniques that work in garnering better engagement on content.
When we talk about buyer content consumption it simply means the steps that your potential customer undertakes before making a decision to buy a product such as researching, checking out reviews, going over comments regarding the item, or asking pertinent questions. Consuming content or information for a buyer may also mean listening to a testimony, interacting with other buyers in a forum or going over a case study included in a printed material.
Being mindful of these stages helps you to better understand the behavior of consumers and the effectiveness of your marketing content. If they immediately proceeded to press the "buy" button and complete the transaction within the same day, you must have surely done something right with your campaign. If you have abandoned carts or if potential customers are taking too long to complete the transaction, there may be a need to clarify some aspects of your campaign or rethink the whole thing for that matter.
#1 Consumers possibly go over them using their mobile phones while they are on the go.
Having this in mind, your content must be designed and sequenced in such a way that it is easy to read even when the reader is mobile. Whether your potential client is on a train on his way to work or walking the street on his way to get his daily caffeine fix, you would still want to have the ability to catch the person's attention.
Getting a customer's attention does not end with a catchy phrase offering a valuable product that is within the person's budget. The challenge also lies in presenting all the important details the person needs to know about your product or service in just a short read. You would want the reader to be satisfied with your content. It should be written in such a way that it leaves no room for grey areas, leaving your potential buyer wondering about something you cannot readily answer unless he sends you a message.
#2 They mostly want you to get down to business right away.
Long marketing campaigns or sales letters worked in the past. Up to some degree, they can still work in this present generation most especially if you are trying to sell something that requires a lengthy explanation. However, knowing the short attention span of your readers must compel you to be more creative. This means, present what you are trying to sell to the reader sooner than expected without really sounding like you are trying to do so.
Consumers easily get bored. Most people do not want to spend so much time reading historical accounts and the like unless really necessary. Keep your words simple and clear. Some online shoppers have mastered the unique ability to scan content and make a decision after a few minutes of viewing the campaign.
#3 Your content must be something they can easily read on their smartphones.
Design your content in such a way that it suits the standard size of a smartphone. Do not inconvenience your reader by requiring them to open another site in order for them to read all the details they need to know. Prepare your content in such a way that it provides them the ease of simply scrolling up or down and then end by clicking the "buy" button.
#4 They use popular search engines such as Google.
Knowing that Google is such a popular place to look for reliable data, it is very helpful for your business of you have a high ranking. This is made possible with the help of an SEO specialist.
#5 Buyers always check other sources of the product.
Okay, so your content is fine. But then again, there will be those who would opt to check other potential sources of the product to see if they can get it for a lesser price. Make sure that your prices are competitive and reasonable.
Strategize and rethink the way you use content with your marketing tactics and strategies today!


GARDAI are appealing for witnesses and information in relation to a number of incidents of theft and criminal damage in Tralee, Camp and Castleisland.
On Saturday night, a window at a business premises on Bridge Street was broken between 7pm and 7.30pm. Gardaí are appealing for witnesses.
At 4.30pm on Friday, a car was damaged in the Rahoonane area of town, while another car was damaged on Maine Street, near Radio Kerry, on Monday, February 4 at 4.30pm.
Gardaí are hoping students in IT Tralee will be able to help them with a case of theft there. A student left his wallet in a classroom and when he went back to retrieve it, it had been taken.
There was a considerable amount of cash in the wallet and while it was handed into lost and found at the college a week later, the cash was missing.
Gardaí in Castleisland are looking for information after bags of coal were taken from a coal truck which was parked up in Garvey's Supervalu between 11.30am and 11.45am on Friday last.
Out in Camp, a mobile home was broken into and a quantity of cash taken. The mobile home was vacant between January 23 and February 6. Contact Tralee Garda Station on 066-7102300 if you have information relating to any of the above incidents.


Want it or not, we are quickly going to fall and the stores consequently start bringing warmer and cozier pieces. Thus Spanish label Stradivarius already diverges away from pastel shades and light fabrics and goes for more subdued tones and fall-appropriate materials. Still, we just love the charm and uniqueness of the looks presented in the latest Stradivarius August 2012 lookbook! Filled with effortless chic and on-trend outfits and accessories, the latest Stradivarius catalog inspires young fashionisers to put together show-stopping combinations and make the traffic stop.
No wonder, Stradivarius is one of fashionisers' favorite labels, as it manages to cover the hottest trends of the season at much pocket-friendly prices. The Spanish label constantly comes up with fashion-forward collections to match the style needs of every girl, who loves styling and who is creative. The brand's latest lookbook presents amazing transitional clothing pieces, which you can wear now, at the end of summer, and in fall, during the chilly days.
Put an end to boring dressing and go all creative this year! Opt for oversized pearl tops, sweaters featuring stripes, two-toned structured jackets, asymmetrical skirts, shorts with contrasting waistbands, studded denim shirts, floral printed blazers, parkas with faux leather sleeves, printed skinny jeans, denim shorts, lovely blouses and shirts, as well as covetable accessories, including clutches, studded belts, lace-up leather ankle boots and spiked and pearl bracelets. And if you lack creativeness on how to put together these pieces, just take a look at the Stradivarius August 2012 lookbook!


The choir began its career in 1955 as the Choral Union of St. Paul's Church, Macclesfield, Cheshire under their choir master Percy Broadhurst. When Alf Hyde took over in 1959, membership was increased by the inclusion of outside members and so became the Macclesfield Male Voice Choir in 1961, with Mrs Lily Davenport J.P., O.B.E. as President. In 1987 Roy Cumberlidge was appointed Musical Director of the choir but retired as Musical Director in 1997. In September of that year the choir was lucky enough to acquire the services of the vastly experienced Alan Herbert, thirty-five years a choral conductor including fourteen years directing Male Voice Choirs. Alan demanded the highest standards and under his inspirational leadership the choir began to perform from memory – no music allowed on stage! He also arranged some pieces for the choir; arrangements we still use today. Choir tours were initiated and we participated in more fundraising Massed Male Voice Choir events at the Bridgwater Hall, the MEN arena and Winter Gardens Blackpool amongst others.
Following an invitation from Lon Dhoo Male Voice Choir (Isle of Man) in 2000, the Choir were guests at two concerts during the late Spring Bank Holiday. The time spent in the Isle of Man with their friends from Lon Dhoo Male Voice Choir was a wonderful trip with many happy memories of a beautiful country, its warm and friendly folk, stunning views, great comradeship and happy times together which will remain in the choir's memories forever. In 2001, the Choir returned from a concert tour of Canada, a joint venture again with Lon Dhoo Male Voice Choir, after giving concerts in Toronto, Niagara, Kingston and London.
David Court was appointed Musical Director in 2005 and was assisted by Mrs Pauline Davies who was the Associate Musical Director until the family moved south in 2013.
The Prague Advent Contest was another proud moment for the Choir when they were awarded a bronze award by the judges in competition with choirs from across the world.
The Choir was invited to sing at the Royal Albert Hall in 2009 at the Festival of Brass and Voices, a concert featuring over 1000 voices , under the musical directorship of the great William Relton, to raise money for Cancer Research.
A visit to Macclesfield's twin town of Eckenforde in Germany in 2010 was another successful tour, singing in three concerts in Germany and one in Denmark. Their rendition of "Let there be Peace on Earth" in the underground chamber of the "Laboe Peace Monument" was an extremely emotion experience and will always be remembered by those present.
In 2014 the Choir was invited to represent England at the "Voices of the Commonwealth Concert" in Glasgow (a precursor to the Commonwealth Games). This took place in The Royal Concert Hall in Glasgow with an audience of over 6000 people. Our Choir sang two solo items before joining the massed Choirs for the rest of the concert. Their performance of "The African Prayer" received a standing ovation from a very appreciative audience.


HARD & CONFUSING Sentences For Me PLEASE HELP ME?
Could you please help me correct these sentences please?
1 He's hard to figure (out). You never know what he's thinking.
2 I have no advice to give them other than/apart from that.
4 He's not good enough an actor to play this part.
5 Actors these day have taken to the new trend.
6 An actor has to be able to act in the way the script describes the character.
7 Every style of clothing is a trend. Whether the trend was in the 80s or today is a different question.
8 Was it monday that/when you got into a fight.
10 The wait to see a doctor could be 2 hours just as it can be 5 hours. I don't know what the wait will be.
11 While doing what you did was dangerous, not doing is would have been suicidal.
12 The other players don't think he has as strong a card as he has. Look how casual he looks compared to how the amateur player looked when he had a strong card.
13 Can a dog tell who's a child and who's an adult./who the adult is and who the child is?
14 He left just as I was about to call him./Just as he was getting ready to leave, I called him.
15 Between what day and what day is the tournament?/Between what time and what time are you at lunch/From when to when is your lunch?
Too many in one post! Our volunteers look at all this work and give up, preferring to answer the shorter posts!
1 He's hard to figure (out). You never know what he's thinking. OK with out. Unusual without out.
2 I have no advice to give them other than/apart from that. apart from is OK, but isn't used that much.
5 Actors these days have taken to the new trend. As corrected.
6 An actor has to be able to act (in) the way the script describes the character. OK in optional.
7 Every style of clothing is represents a trend. Whether the trend was in the 80s or today is a different question. OK. My preference shown.
8 Was it Monday that/when you got into a fight? Both OK.
9 Just as there could/might be no fat in your filet, there also could/might also be a lot. It depends on the cow. OK. My preference shown.
10 The wait to see a doctor could be 2 hours just as it can be 5 hours. I don't know what the wait will be. OK. Numbers less than 10 are spelled out: two, five.
12 The other players don't think he has as strong a card as he has. Look how casual he looks compared to how the amateur player looked when he had a strong card. OK. Contorted, but OK.
13 Can a dog tell who's a child and who's an adult./who the adult is and who the child is? Both OK.
14 He left just as I was about to call him. OK. /Just as he was getting ready to leave, I called him. OK.
15 Between what day and what day is the tournament?/Between what time and what time are you at lunch/From when to when is your lunch? All unusual but OK.
As you stated I looked at all of that and moved on.
Can someone please help me with these questions?
Dave Phillips's reply was promoted to an answer.
Need Help With These Hard Sentences?


text:
Harrachova louka je subalpinská louka v Krkonoších. Rozkládá se mezi Pančavskou loukou, Hančovou loukou, náhorní planinou U Čtyř pánů a svahy hory Kotel spadající do Kotelních jam. Na Harrachově louce je rozeseto množství bunkrů, vzniklých při mobilizaci v roce 1938. Součástí louky je také skalní útvar zvaný Harrachovy kameny. Nedaleko Harrachovy louky pramení řeka Mumlava.

Okrajem louky prochází trojice značených turistických stezek. První, červená, míří od Růženčiny zahrádky na Vrbatovo návrší, dále žlutá turistická od bývalých Jestřábích bud na rozcestí u Čtyř pánů a následně k prameni Labe. Poslední turistická stezka, zelená, vede od rozcestí U Čtyř pánů k rozcestí U Růženčiny zahrádky. Přes rozcestí U Čtyř pánů navíc prochází i modrá značka od Krakonošovy snídaně na Labskou boudu.

Louky v Krkonoších
Louky v Libereckém kraji
Náhorní plošiny v Krkonoších
Vítkovice (okres Semily)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A Casa da Esperança é uma organização não-governamental (ONG), fundada em Fortaleza em 1993. É notória por ter sido uma das primeiras associações de autismo fundada no Brasil.

Fundada pela médica e ativista Fátima Dourado com mais oito mulheres, a Casa da Esperança foi criada depois que dois de seus filhos, ambos autistas, foram excluídos da escola regular. Mais tarde, a organização foi ganhando projeção pelo atendimento de autistas e por participar do cenário geral do autismo no país, como eventos e palestras com nomes nacionais e internacionais, como Jim Sinclair e Ami Klin.

A Casa da Esperança também foi uma das primeiras associações de autismo no Brasil a fazer uso de recursos da internet, como sites informativos e até podcasts. O primeiro podcast sobre autismo do país foi a Rádio Autismo, produzido pela associação, de 2007. Em 2014, a organização também criou o Autismo Brasil Podcast, ativo até 2017. Por outro lado, a instituição sofreu com problemas financeiros ao longo do tempo. Estima-se que a associação, em 2019, acumulava R$ 4 milhões de dívidas.

Até meados de 2007, a Casa da Esperança era afiliada a Associação Brasileira de Autismo (Abra). Após divergências ideológicas entre membros da Casa e a Abra, ativistas ligados à Casa da Esperança fundaram a Associação Brasileira para Ação por Direitos das Pessoas Autistas (Abraça) em 2008.

Ver também
Autismo no Brasil

Autismo no Brasil
Organizações relacionadas ao autismo
Fundações no Brasil em 1993


do you have those verses memorized?
As many of you already know by using the internet, it�s all about [bleeped!]. We are here to procreate. Like any other animal, we reproduce not just for ourselves but for our type species. So go forth and multiple, unless your gay then please go forth... And inseminate, unless your gay and male then go forth and adopt.. you get the picture.... .
P.S. sorry admins did not mean to breach the TOS there, I was making a point... my bad.
Interests:I am interested in the following:

being, rationalizing, emoting, life, christianity, philosophy, science.
I believe that the purpose in life is fellowship with the lord, and the meaning behind this is being a loving person.
No, we live to die.
If you don't survive, you'll die, of course.
But, if you survive, you'll die too.
Life ends with death anyway, so we live to die.
Thats what I also think the meaning of life is, once I have a family of my own my life quest is complete. I also like 42 as the answer to life, all we have to do now is find the meaning of 42.
I believe that living a purposeful life should be the purpose of a meaningful life! Don't you guys agree?
There is no purpose. Empty and meaningless. Make up your own purpose if you want, but as far as a universal purpose for us all - there is none.
Claire... Why say so? Why doesn't the universe has a purpose? perhaps its existence allow humans to find their own purposes.
Why do I say so? - it is obvious. With out evidence a 'theory' or speculation as to a purpose for life is just a guess, or a wish, or a hope. It is not founded in reality, just ideals. Examine the facts and they do not support the theory.
It has been the creation of a theory or ideals without verification that clouds thinking. Start with a theory, look for experimental evidence or verification. It is exists, fine. If there is no evidence - throw out the theory - for it is WRONG.
We exist; we can find / make up our own purposes; we can speculate and project purposes; but in actuality - none (at some higher level) exists.
I see no problem with that line of reasoning. I see wholesale problems with the assumption that life has a purpose that is based on myth or assumptions that can't be grounded in reality or facts.
If your thought is that the purpose of existence is to allow humans to find their own purposes, well that is nonsense. There is no purpose to existence. Second point (but not connected to the first) is that was can find our own personal purpose - but that is not the purpose of life - just an outcome.
Existence does allow us to find our own purpose - but that is not the purpose of life or existence.
Most people in the world can't accept that reality - so they make up the theory (or simply accept old popular theories - same thing) that god exists. They create god - not the other way around (that god created them). They create a belief system that god exists, has some purpose and created life. All nonsense and theory with no facts or reality to support the notion.
42 of course. The problem is what the question is.
That stopped being clever about 15 posts ago (and 15 years ago as well).


text:
(en allemand ), décédé en 1380, est comte de Nassau-Beilstein de 1341 à 1380.

Famille

Il est le fils de  (mort en 1343) et de Adélaïde von Sponheim-Heinsberg.

En 1339,  épouse Imagina von Westerburg (†1388). Trois enfants naissent de cette union :

 , comte de Nassau-Beilstein ;

 Richard de Nassau-Beilstein, co-comte de Nassau-Beilstein de 1380 à 1412 ;

 Adélaïde de Nassau-Beilstein (†1365) ; en 1335 elle épouse  (†1368).

 appartient à la troisième branche de la Maison de Nassau, issue de la seconde branche. La lignée de Nassau-Beilstein appartient à la tige Ottonienne qui donna des stathouders à la Flandre, la Hollande, les Provinces-Unies, un roi à l'Angleterre et l'Écosse, des rois aux Pays-Bas.

La lignée de Nassau-Beilstein s'éteint en 1564 à la mort de .

Liens internes

Article dont une information diffère dans l'infobox
Henri 01
Décès en 1380