text:
Max Karl Liebmann describes arrival at and conditions in the Gurs camp
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Because he was Jewish, Max could not join the army when World War II began. Instead, he had to perform labor service. In October 1940, Max and his mother were deported to the Gurs camp in France. In Gurs, Max met his future wife, Hanne. In 1941, with the help of the Children's Aid Society (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants; OSE), Hanne left the camp. Max followed in July 1942. He escaped to Switzerland through the French Alps and was in internment and refugee camps throughout the war. Hanne reached Switzerland in 1943. Max and Hanne married in 1945 and immigrated to the United States in 1948.
Well, the beginning of course, was very chaotic. We didn't, and the first night, we didn't even have our luggage. The luggage was brought the next morning. It was just dumped in the rain and we had to pull our, you know, was lying, uh, in a big pile and we had to find our luggage. And, which I did for both myself and my mother. And so my mother was in one block and I was in the other, and there was nothing to do, of course. We could not get out of the block. Uh...and I was, uh, here and my mother was a few, uh, hundred, uh, yards further north in another block with the women. And by the time, uh, all of the transports had finally arrived, uh, there were over 7,000 or 8,000 people in the, in, in the camp for which the, uh, authorities had, of course, very little advance warning because nobody knew we were coming. Well, eventually things settled down. Uh, every time it rained, uh, people would fall in the mud, particularly the old people. Uh, the food was abominable. Uh, we had very little to eat. The French had nothing to eat, so we had even less. Uh, and since a friend of my father was the vice-chief of the block where I was in, I managed eventually to get myself occupied by working in the office, in the, um, each block had its own administrative office and I managed to work in the office. The one advantage of this was, uh, that it was warm. There was no heating material but the offices had, of course, more heat so during the day I was reasonably warm while I was working there.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Ubuntu does not seem to be auto-mounting NTFS drives despite the settings claiming so. How can I resolve this? I have a 1TB NTFS hard drive that I'd like Ubuntu to mount on startup. The settings here seem to suggest it should.

But when I try to access it from another program, it claims that it's not accessible.

In Nautilus, you can see it's unmounted and (unseen here) it prompts me to mount it by clicking.

When I click on it, it mounts it (as you can see since I can now eject it).

And after doing this, it's accessible in the other program.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This biography, written by James Belich, was first published in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography in 1990, and updated in April, 2011.
Titokowaru was born near Okaiawa, in South Taranaki, probably about 1823. He belonged to Ngati Manuhiakai hapu of Nga Ruahine, a section of Ngati Ruanui. He traced his descent from Turi and Rongorongo, and from Manuhiakai. One of his great-grandfathers was Tu-nui-a-moa, and he was related to the higher ranking chief Tamati Hone Oraukawa, who preceded him as principal leader of Nga Ruahine. Titokowaru's mother, who died before 1854, was of the Tangahoe people.
He was also connected, through family marriages, with Ngati Maru of Te Ati Awa. His paternal grandmother was of Nga Rauru, and his father may have taken another wife from Nga Rauru, since Etapu, of that tribe, was Titokowaru's half-brother. There was also a younger Nga Ruahine brother or half-brother, Rapata Te Rangiora Nuku, and at least two sisters, Pare and Makawe. Etapu had at least one daughter, Wairoa, and Pare and Makawe had many children. Titokowaru himself was said to have had none, although some Ngati Ruanui now living claim direct descent from him. When he adopted the deserter Kimble Bent, he took him as a grandson.
Titokowaru's father, Hori Kingi Titokowaru, was a principal leader of Ngati Ruanui in the 1830s and 1840s. He was prominent in the repulse of Waikato at Waimate pa, at the mouth of the Kapuni Stream, in 1836, an achievement sometimes credited to his youthful son, and he appears as principal chief of Nga Ruahine in CMS missionary Richard Taylor's list of 1845. The elder Titokowaru saved the life of a chief of Te Ati Haunui-a-Paparangi of Wanganui after an engagement with that tribe in 1840, an act of mercy which was to stand his son in good stead. He was baptised into the Methodist church as Hori Kingi (George King) a few years later. He may have taken the wise precaution of becoming an Anglican as well, since a Titokowaru Te Teira was baptised by Taylor in 1843. His death, from influenza, on 22 February 1848, was important enough to make some impact even on Pakeha records.
During his first 20 years the younger Titokowaru was probably known as Riwha, the name Titokowaru being reserved for his father. In infancy he survived the measles and influenza epidemic known as Te Ariki; the first Pakeha he ever saw was probably three-year-old John Guard, who lived with Ngati Ruanui as a hostage for several months in 1834; the first Christian sermon he heard, in 1837, was probably given by the great Maori missionary Wiremu Nera Ngatai. Titokowaru's life was always a dialectic between peace and war, and it was war which dominated these early years. Between 1826 and 1836 Ngati Ruanui and their neighbours were frequently raided from the north, especially by the Waikato tribes. Some of his peers were killed, or taken north as prisoners, and all grew up in the shadow of war. Titokowaru may have received formal training as a tohunga, perhaps through the renowned Nga Ruahine priest-historian Tauke Te Hapimana.
Titokowaru was probably too young to have fought in the wars of the 1820s and 1830s, but these musket wars, and an engagement with British troops from the Alligator in 1834, began his military education. His first experience as a warrior is likely to have been in 1840, against Te Ati Haunui-a-Paparangi. But about 1842 he made the first of three conversions to peace, on this occasion in association with a conversion to Christianity. Like his father, he was baptised a Methodist by John Skevington of Heretoa. His baptismal name was Hohepa Otene (Joseph Orton), after the Wesleyan mission's superintendent in New South Wales. He visited Auckland with Skevington in September 1845, and the busy capital increased his knowledge of things Pakeha. He quickly learned to write in Maori. His first known letter, dated 27 September 1845, was an appeal for a replacement for Skevington, who had died in Auckland. 'Had Mr Skevington not settled among us my people [would have] all gone over to the Church of outward shows [the Church of England]'.
Between 1850 and 1854, however, like most of his tribe, Titokowaru turned away from pacifism and missionary Christianity. He became part of the Maori nationalist movement characterised by opposition to land-selling and efforts to set up a Maori king. At the seminal meeting at Manawapou in May 1854, he was among those who signed the great oath, 'the man first; the land afterward'. His speech lost its pious hue, though not its metaphoric power. 'My mother is dead but I was nourished by her milk. Let our land be kept by us as milk for our children'. He is said to have been suggested as Maori king in 1857. Dozens of such nominations were made, and Oraukawa was a more serious Nga Ruahine candidate. Still, the possibility that he was nominated does imply that Titokowaru's mana was already substantial.
Titokowaru may have taken part when Ngati Ruanui intervened in Te Ati Awa land feuds in 1856 and 1858, but his first known experience as a war leader came in the Taranaki war of 1860–61 against Pakeha. He was probably the Hohepa who, with Hori Kiwi, led the raiding party which killed Captain William Cutfield King near New Plymouth on 8 February 1861. He would have acquired at this time his great practical mastery of field engineering. Titokowaru may also have participated in the Waikato war of 1863–64, conceivably in Waikato itself, but more likely in North Taranaki. On 30 April 1864 he took part in the disastrous attack on Te Morere (Sentry Hill), where a glancing blow on the brow from an Enfield bullet (or, according to another account, a shell splinter) cost him the sight of his right eye.
Titokowaru's role in the terrible campaign of 1865–66, when Duncan Cameron, Trevor Chute, and Thomas McDonnell tore South Taranaki apart, is unknown. The defence of Pungarehu, his home, on 4 October 1866, bears some of his military characteristics, yet it is Toi who appears in contemporary records as Nga Ruahine's war leader. This probably reflects Titokowaru's renewed pacifism.
The attack on Sentry Hill was influenced by a misinterpretation of the new Pai Marire religion, whose founder, Te Ua Haumene, had considerable influence on Titokowaru. The two may have been old acquaintances – both were assistants of Skevington – and it was Te Ua who brought about Titokowaru's second conversion to peace. Te Ua's death in late 1866 coincides exactly with Titokowaru's rise to a new level of eminence. He can be seen as Te Ua's successor, together with Te Whiti-o-Rongomai III, of Parihaka. However, the religion which Titokowaru now began to develop was not precisely the same as Te Ua's. Pai Marire was one element, but it was superimposed on Christianity, which in turn had been superimposed on traditional Maori religion. Traditional religion was more important for Titokowaru's creed than for Te Ua's or Te Whiti's.
We know most about this religion in the context of war, when Titokowaru, partly for propaganda reasons, adopted the Whangai Hau ceremony (offering up the heart of a slain enemy to Tu) and ritual cannibalism, sometimes associated with Uenuku. But Uenuku, the rainbow god, had kinder aspects, and it is certain that Titokowaru's religion, like Te Ua's and Te Whiti's, was originally directed towards reconciliation, and peace. On taking up Te Ua's mantle in late 1866 Titokowaru, like Te Whiti, abandoned his baptismal names, and adopted his father's. He rebuilt the village of Te Ngutu-o-te-manu, near Okaiawa, just north of the Waingongoro River, as his base. It contained 58 houses, a large marae, and the large and beautifully decorated meeting house Wharekura. For ever associated in Pakeha minds with later bloody deeds, Te Ngutu-o-te-manu was originally a centre of peace, comparable to Te Whiti's Parihaka and initially more important.
At the beginning of 1867 Titokowaru began his great peace campaign, symbolised by his proclamation: 'This is the year of the daughters, this is the year of the lamb'. Its context could hardly have been more adverse. Imperial troops, Wanganui government supporters, colonial settlers and civil and military authorities all had to be placated in different ways. The local Maori were divided into various shades of resistance, neutrality, and collaboration, as well as by tribal enmities. No sooner was compromise reached than it was overturned by the colonists' taking a fresh bite of Maori land – the process of 'creeping confiscation'. Yet, by the summer of 1867–68, Titokowaru had apparently succeeded in untangling this Gordian knot. One means was a series of at least five large peace meetings (early January, 14 February, 25 May and 28–29 November 1867, and 25 March 1868), held at Te Ngutu-o-te-manu and attended by all factions. Another was the dispatch of envoys to North Taranaki and farther afield, preaching peace in Titokowaru's name. A third was a remarkable peace march, undertaken in June and July 1867 by Titokowaru and 140 of his people. It began on 10 June at Camp Waihi, the colonial military base, where Titokowaru was entertained in the officers' mess; passed through Tangahoe, Pakakohe, and Nga Rauru villages, as well as the towns of Patea and Wanganui; and ended at Pipiriki, among Te Ati Haunui-a-Paparangi.
Titokowaru's constant theme in all these proceedings was peace, even at a price. He toasted Queen Victoria when colonial officers insisted on it; ultimately renounced his cherished connection with the Maori King, who in Pakeha eyes was still a symbol of intransigence; accepted the loss of some Nga Ruahine land, and persuaded other groups to do likewise – 'as for the lands, let them go, I wish to live in peace'. At the same time he orchestrated non-violent resistance to the extension of confiscation, always stopping short of renewed hostilities, frustrating but never alienating the colonial authorities. Patea Resident Magistrate James Booth summed up his achievement: 'he has shown the most untiring energy in his efforts to bring other tribes to make peace. He has visited all the hapus between Taranaki and Wanganui, and has now succeeded in bringing them in.' Often wrongly portrayed as having been a cover for preparation for conflict, Titokowaru's Peace was in fact as remarkable, and unsung, an achievement as Titokowaru's War.
Despite Titokowaru's efforts, war broke out again on 9 June 1868 when, on his orders, Nga Ruahine killed three military settlers on disputed land at Ketemarae. Indirectly the cause was yet another renewal of creeping confiscation in March and April 1868, which gave local Maori a choice between war and starvation. Titokowaru opposed this with a campaign of punitive plunder without bloodshed, but the colonial authorities would not tolerate it. Booth made several increasingly threatening police raids on Te Ngutu-o-te-manu, seizing allegedly stolen goods and taking random hostages. Finally, on 7 June, a Nga Ruahine hostage escaped from Waihi gaol, and Titokowaru went to war rather than hand him over.
The war consisted of five campaigns: Te Ngutu-o-te-manu (June–September 1868), Moturoa (September–November 1868), Tauranga-ika (November 1868–February 1869), the pursuit from Tauranga-ika (February–April 1869), and the hunt for Titokowaru's supporters (March–November 1869). At the outset, the odds against Titokowaru were immense, twelve to one in fighting men, and the chances of victory minuscule. Yet Titokowaru and his people destroyed one colonist army (at Te Ngutu-o-te-manu on 7 September 1868); comprehensively defeated another (at Moturoa on 7 November 1868); and scored several lesser victories (including Turuturumokai on 12 June 1868, and Te Karaka and Otautu on 3 February and 13 March 1869). Their least successful tactical performance was a drawn battle at Te Ngutu-o-te-manu on 21 August 1868, and it could be argued that even this was a strategic success. This remarkable record cannot be attributed to the incompetence of the bested leaders – Thomas McDonnell, Gustavus von Tempsky, George Whitmore and Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui were all able men. Nor can it be attributed solely to Titokowaru's genius: his achievements must not be allowed to obscure those of his lieutenants, including Toi, Haowhenua, Kokiri, Hakopa Te Matauawa, and especially Wiremu Katene Tuwhakaruru, or the brave men and women of his rank-and-file following. But his military genius was certainly felt.
Titokowaru's greatly inferior numbers meant he seldom had the option of a conventional offensive. But he still competed for the initiative by seeking to provoke his enemies into premature attack on positions prepared in advance. Raids or threatened raids into settled areas were the main means of provocation, but his occasional use of well-publicised ritual cannibalism and written propaganda can also be understood as provocations in this context. He was a fine military engineer, capable of technical virtuosity, but not bound by it. His Tauranga-ika pa, whose meeting house was named Tutahi, was a symmetrical masterpiece of military architecture, yet, at Te Ngutu-o-te-manu, the pa itself was weak and Otautu was defended from natural features. Technically, Titokowaru had his peers among other Maori leaders. His special trademarks were, first, the creation of an illusion in the minds of his enemy: a false target, an apparent weakness, an inviting route of approach – all deadly traps in fact. Titokowaru never built a fortification that was what it seemed. Second, he used his defence of pa as only one part of a complete battle-plan. Other Maori leaders repulsed attacks with equal brilliance, but few, if any, used such success as a springboard for counter-attack. Using bush concealment to compensate for low numbers, Titokowaru would carefully but vigorously pursue the beaten foe, causing more casualties and damaging morale.
In the mid summer of 1868–69, at the peak of his success, Titokowaru had reconquered an 80 mile tract of territory from the Waingongoro River to the Wanganui River. His victories had brought the colony to its knees, forcing the colonial government to consider peace with the hated Te Kooti (so it could concentrate its forces against Titokowaru); the abandonment of responsible government (in return for imperial troops); and the return of all confiscated land. His following had increased from 150 people, mainly Nga Ruahine, to 1,000, including most of Ngati Ruanui and Nga Rauru, as well as some Taranaki and Te Ati Awa (especially Ngati Maru), and a few Waikato. He had strong sympathisers in the Manawatu; and his victories were overcoming the King movement's reluctance to assist him. On 3 February 1869 the King's forces intervened on his behalf with an attack on Pukearuhe redoubt in North Taranaki.
But the Kingite attack on Pukearuhe came too late, for Titokowaru had already abandoned Tauranga-ika, near Waitotara, and withdrawn north, his army disintegrating as he went. Various explanations have been offered for this: that he was frightened out by the imminent colonist attack or that he made a strategic withdrawal; that he ran out of food or ammunition; that he had had an affair with Pouarauranga, wife of a subordinate, which estranged his allies and destroyed his mana-tapu. The last is the most likely, but is not entirely satisfactory, and some mystery remains. Titokowaru's retreat from Tauranga-ika to Kawau, near Totara, among his Ngati Maru friends, was itself a military epic. He and his people suffered great privations, but made good their escape. Some of his followers are said to have been allowed to escape by Te Ati Haunui-a-Paparangi, who thus made good their debt to his father. So Titokowaru lost his war, although the colonists can hardly be said to have won it. Later in 1869, when a tohunga ritually absolved him of the sin of Tauranga-ika, his mana and following began to recover.
Titokowaru remained in Ngati Maru country until 1871, when he reoccupied his old territories, building villages at Omutarangi and Taikatu, and, subsequently, at Okaiawa, where his new meeting house was named Te Aroha Kainga. He came to a tacit understanding with the government that neither would molest the other; organised a highly successful commercial enterprise selling cocksfoot grass-seed to settlers and making £3,000 a year; and established an increasingly close alliance with Te Whiti and Tohu Kakahi at Parihaka. This involved his third conversion to peace; as Te Whiti put it, 'the lion shall lie down with the lamb'. But, as the native minister, Donald McLean, admitted, it was Titokowaru's military reputation which protected central Taranaki as an independent Maori state through most of the 1870s.
By 1878 Pakeha fear of Titokowaru had faded sufficiently for creeping confiscation to begin again. At first Titokowaru did not actively oppose the surveys, and accepted government payments to the value of at least £900 under the names Hohepa, Pikirapu, and Rangipokau, and the title Kohi Rangitira. But the money went to the common fund at Parihaka, and by 1879 Titokowaru was orchestrating a campaign of active but non-violent resistance: the removal of survey parties and their gear, the ploughing-up of disputed land, and eventually the overloading of government resources through the peaceful acceptance of mass arrest. Titokowaru himself suffered the first of three imprisonments at this time, although he was soon released. This remarkable feat of resistance is usually associated with Te Whiti, but it was Titokowaru who led the people of Parihaka as well as his own people. Te Whiti and Tohu deliberated policy, and Titokowaru carried it out.
The campaign was initially successful, but in November 1881 the native minister, John Bryce, mounted an invasion of central Taranaki with 2,500 men. He brought so large an army for fear of Titokowaru, but the prophet's commitment to peace was now absolute, although his reputation did cost the invaders a few sleepless nights. All three leaders were seized and imprisoned; the town itself was destroyed; and much of central Taranaki became Pakeha farmland. Titokowaru spent eight months in gaol, giving up a hunger strike only when preparations were made to force-feed him.
He was released on 14 July 1882, in a state of increasing ill health. In the mid 1870s he had survived a bout of pneumonia and he had severe rheumatism, a legacy of his campaigns. By the 1880s he had asthma, heart disease, and a kidney complaint. Despite this, he continued to be active, mounting a great round of peace and reconciliation pilgrimages in 1885 and 1886, with as many as 1,200 followers. Again, these are credited mainly to Te Whiti, but they precisely follow the pattern established by Titokowaru in 1867. In 1885 he visited Patea, New Plymouth, Mokau and Opunake, among other places; he was at Patea again on 14 July 1886. Everywhere he preached his message of peace: 'I will shower peace upon the people until the end of time'.
But, as in 1867, peace and goodwill did not mean supine acquiescence. Titokowaru refused to accept rents from those of his lands compulsorily leased through the public trustee, and he still took part in various protests. After one of these, at A. J. Hastie's farm near Manaia on 18 July 1886, he was imprisoned for a month, despite his age and severe illness. His health declined still further and on 17 July 1888 he died at his home at Okaiawa. His funeral, attended by 2,000 Maori, was an occasion of unparalleled lamentation, and he was buried secretly.
Physically Titokowaru in middle age was 'a stern, commanding man', without moko and somewhat disfigured by his blind eye. 'He was about five feet nine in height and somewhat spare and muscular, with fine bone, an alert active man, but by no means good-looking'. In old age he was frail and thin, with a long black beard, and disappointed Pakeha who expected to find a giant. His immediate charisma came less from his face than from his deep and clear voice, which inspired awe in his followers. Before the war he sometimes wore a full European suit, complete with boots and bowler-hat; after it, his dress was a more conventional synthesis of Maori and European.
In his youth Titokowaru had a reputation for personal prowess as a warrior, and even in middle age he was noted for strength and endurance. During his war he normally directed operations from a safe command post, but often led parties in emergencies. At the first attack on Te Ngutu-o-te-manu, on 21 August 1868, he had to be forced to leave Wharekura by his followers. But, after 1864, he never used a weapon himself, carrying only his sacred staff, Te Porohanga. The only story of personal violence during the war described his breaking a colonist soldier's neck with his bare hands. He had a great white horse, Niu Tirene (New Zealand), which both Maori and Pakeha held in some awe. As this suggests, he was credited with super-human attributes: the ability to stop artillery shells by command; divinely inspired prescience; and control of the wind, through Uenuku – 'Even the winds of Heaven are Titoko's'.
Titokowaru's private life is even harder to uncover than his public, but some hints remain among the caricatures of grim villain and grim hero. Although sometimes taciturn, he was 'very friendly and hospitable', 'very sociable', 'genial in the extreme', even to Pakeha. He was fond of humour, rum, and whisky, although he gave up drinking after an unfortunate incident in a pub in Manaia about 1879. There is some evidence that he had liaisons with numerous women. He was capable of great kindness, and had a sensitive touch with those in self-doubt, as his treatment of Katene, Kimble Bent, and Charles Kane shows. His reputation for mercilessness during his war was partly well founded, but on at least five occasions he spared enemy Pakeha. It was the government, not Titokowaru, who killed unarmed women and children.
When death itself is dead, I shall be alive.


text:
13 valid Offers to Singapore
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Lufthansa & Swiss From Kiev: FIRST at €1,307 & Business at €870
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Singapore Airlines: Upgrade on Bangkok-Singapore When Paying With Mastercard
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Bangkok & Singapore: NOK 14,233 / €1,401 Qatar Airways Business Class from Oslo
KLM Business Class: €389 for Return Flights between Singapore and Bali
Hilton Sale: Up to 25% Discount in Asia, Australia, New Zealand & Oceania
Singapore: The Fullerton Hotel incl. Breakfast, Upgrade & Lounge Access from €268
23. Jul
3. May
Home › Dealz › Asia › Southeast Asia › Singapore
The city-state of Singapore is a financial metropolis in Southeast Asia. Especially its geographical location is responsible for its rise. Singapore is one of the largest air traffic hubs in Asia and therefore very well connected to the rest of the world. Various airlines offer good deals to Singapore.
The climate is best suited for visits in autumn and spring. Summers are sweltering and the rainy season starts in November and lasts until January. You have to be prepared for high temperatures and humidity all year round.
Entry & Visa
Most European citizens can enter Singapore without a visa and with a passport only. A residence permit for 90 days will be issued upon arrival.
From the airport to the city center
Singapore Changi Airport is connected to the city center by metro. A ride to City Hall takes about 40 minutes and costs S$ 2,30€. Taking a taxi will cost about S$ 20-30.
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East Asia: Premium Eco at €648pp, Business at €1,202pp – Lufthansa/Swiss Partner Sale from Copenhagen
Business Class, Premium Economy


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text:
Sanity Check bezeichnet in der Informatik eine Plausibilitätsprüfung. Sanity Checks umfassen beispielsweise Plausibilitätsprüfung von Werten,  einfache modellbasierte Prüfungen, aber auch Konsistenzprüfungen von Anforderungen.

Die Validierung eines Software-Systems beginnt häufig mit Sanity Checks. Für die vollständige Verifikation eines komplexeren Systems müssen in einem zweiten Schritt zusätzliche Modellprüfungen durchgeführt werden.

Beispiel Wertprüfungen Im Eingabedialog wird als Sanity Check die Plausibilität des Eingabewerts bezüglich Datentyp und zulässigen Wertebereich geprüft. Diese kann aber  zur endgültigen Entscheidung über die Zulässigkeit eines Wertes (Verifikation) nicht ausreichen. Hierzu kann ein Model Checking gegen den aktuellen Modelzustand nötig sein.

Beispiel für Use Cases Um einen Sanity Check der Use Cases durchzuführen kann eine Robustness Analysis durchgeführt werden.

Softwaretechnik

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Monday 15 July 2019 | UK News feed
Half of children 'are not ready to start school'
Children left damaged by parenting which lacks cuddles and conversation, experts warn, as major study finds half are not 'ready for school' by the age of five
The report found just 52 per cent of those starting school were able write a letter to Father Christmas Photo: Alamy
By Laura Donnelly, Health Editor
12:01AM BST 23 Sep 2014
Almost half of children in this country are not developed enough to be "ready for school" at the age of five according to a major study.
Experts said child development in Britain is languishing behind most western countries, with standards of literacy, numeracy and physical skills far behind those of almost every western country.
Researchers from University College London's Institute of Health Equity said the study shows too many children being left damaged by early years in which they did not get enough time cuddling, chatting or reading with their parents.
The report examined Government data on child performance aged five, and international league tables examining education throughout childhood.
It found just 52 per cent of those starting school had reached a "good level of development" – meaning they were able to accomplish tasks such as being able to count to 20, or write a letter to Father Christmas.
In Baby P's case, actions speak louder than words
Warning: no more than one glass of juice a day
Schools under fire for offering STD tests during lessons
Fruit drinks fuelling tooth decay among under 3s
The worst teeth in England: first ever map of toddlers' dental health reveals 'shameful' variations
In some areas just 28 per cent of children reached this level, the data shows.
The international data ranked Britain's educational performance as 5th bottom of 29 western countries, worse than Estonia, Slovakia, Lithuania and Poland.
Professor Sir Michael Marmot, director of the Institute, said researchers were shocked by the data.
"How can it be the case in England, one of the richest countries in the world with our long history of being a brainy country, that only 52 per cent of children can have a good level of development?" he said. "It is unacceptable."
Previous figures in 2011 showed 59 per cent of children reached a good level of development, he said, but changes in the way performance is measured made it hard to compare the figures, researchers said.
Sir Michael said the quality of parenting, and the amount of time adults spent interacting with children was critical to their development.
"Of course, some children will do better than others because it's in their genes or things of that nature but we know the quality of parenting is crucial," he said.
"We know input from parents or other carers on talking to children or reading to children, playing with children, singing with children and warmth - emotion, cuddling, loving - are all vital to children's development."
He said poor performance was also closely linked to levels of deprivation and the quality of services to support children and their parents before they start school.
In the best performing area, Greenwich in south east London, 69 per cent of children age five had reached their expected level of development.
But in Leicester just 27.7 per cent attained this.
"However good or bad the school is, which will of course have an impact on children's performance, children's level of development as they enter the school is a potent predictor," Sir Michael said.
"That measure gets worse and worse the lower down the social hierarchy they are."
Compared to other western countries England is "bumping along the bottom" in the rankings for child development and educational performance, he said. "We are doing really badly".
He criticised the closure of Sure Start centres in recent years, saying services were needed to help support parents.
The international league tables showed best educational performance and participation in the Netherlands, followed by Belgium and Germany.
The UCL study also examined levels of happiness in different parts of the country, finding those living in Surrey were most likely to be satisfied with life. Just 3.4 per cent of Surrey residents had low levels of satisfaction. Those living in Knowsley, Merseyside, were least likely to be happy with their lot, with 10.1 per cent of those surveyed having low levels of satisfaction.
The ten local authorities with the lowest percentage of children with 'good' development, aged five
Leicester - 27.7%
Gateshead - 34.3%
Halton - 37%
Wigan - 37.7%
Middlesbrough - 38.2%
Blackburn with Darwen - 39.8%
Nottingham - 39.9%
Hounslow - 40.3%
Sutton - 40.8%
Derby - 40.9%
The ten local authorities with highest percentage of children with 'good' development, aged five
Greenwich - 69%
Lewisham - 67.9%
South Gloucestershire - 67%
Lincolnshire - 65.4%
Bexley - 64.1%
Devon - 63.8%
North Somerset - 63.7%
City of London - 63.6%
Kent - 63.4%
Trafford - 61.2 %
Secondary education »
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ACCEPTED

#### According to
The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
W. H. Emory, Not. milit. reconn. 149. 1848

#### Original name
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### Remarks
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text:
Robert Lory, author of The Dracula Horror Series, born today 1936
Some classics from Robert Lory's nine-volume The Dracula Horror Series, which began April 1973, with the aptly-titled Dracula Returns. The covers for the US editions published by Pinnacle featured at first traditional opera-caped Drac, bats, sexy vampire brides, and full moons. As the series progressed you saw other pulp/horror icons like the zombie and the mummy, and then-hot fads like cults, pyramids, and lost civilizations. Artist Harry Borgman illustrated the first four, a "J. Thompson" did number five, and Victor Valla did the last bunch. All have their groovy charms, but I think my favorites are the first two. Read full, positive reviews of the series here.
Labels: '70s, dracula, pinnacle books, pulp horror, robert lory, unread, vampires, victor valla
Rod Serling Born Today, 1924
Without Rod Serling's iconic TV show "The Twilight Zone," the genres of horror, science fiction, and fantasy would probably be less a part of pop culture than they are. By installing the weird, the uncanny, the awesome and the dreadful in middle American living rooms throughout the '50s and '60s - and on into eternity - Serling made this kind of entertainment acceptable fare for all. He got us to see that our lives were in thrall to powers beyond our control, that what was strange, bewildering, horrific for some was the normal course of things for others. Sometimes these moments of realization led to acceptance of human foibles; as often, they led to death and despair.
Joey Ramone enjoys some Serling, 1977
Of course Serling also helped the careers of writers Richard Matheson and Charles Beaumont (not to mention the countless actors and actresses that got their start on the show) for which we must be thankful. I read quite a few of these Bantam "Twilight Zone" paperbacks, originally published throughout the 1960s, as they were reprinted through the late 1970s and '80s. Of course I even tried my hand at my own versions of TZ stories when I was a pre-teen. Serling and "Twilight Zone" were indeed my introduction, my gateway, to all of horror fiction!
Labels: '60s, '70s, bantam books, dark fantasy, read, rod serling, science fiction horror, short stories, twilight zone
Horror Fiction Help XI
Once again I'm asking my readers for help in ID-ing some forgotten horror novels. The following are descriptions which I've received in emails from folks eager to lay their hands upon tomes read long ago...
1. A demon that controls people minds in the jungles of Africa and sucks the blood of the victims through the eyes of the person with two tentacles. Leading character is taken to a village to talk to a man who was blinded by the demon but was able to survive because he had a tumor. the demon is transported to the united states before he can be killed. It turns out that the leading character is a distant relative to a hero who fought the demon a long time ago, thus the demon cannot control his mind. This was found out after he was hypnotized.
2. Remember finding this old hardcover book on the library shelf with an possibly embossed sort of melting eye on the cover. It freaked me out so I had to read it but the only memory seems to be about a some students? or a couple? that for some reason enter an old mansion and find some secret passage going deep into the earth.
3. A child who was hanged for witchcraft in the 1700's and consequently, sells her soul before she dies so she can avenge herself upon the descendents of the ones who hanged her. She is reincarnated as a child in modern times and draws pictures of gallows poles while she is in school. Throughout the book, she lives with her religious driven father who doesn't allow her to watch tv while she carries out acts of vengeance against those around her who are the bloodline of her accusers. The book ends with her being adopted out by a family who is the sole remaining descendent she intends to kill.
4. Some kids who go into an old house in the middle of nowhere and they know the old story about the owner of the property being a witch. The old lady is some kind of witch and spells the souls of children into the bodies of all the old dolls she has in and around her property. I think the setting for this story maybe the Bayou, but I can't remember much more.
5. A guy who falls in love/gets married to a woman who has some sort of dark secret.
I think her family home is a big mansion in the woods... maybe not. Eventually it turns out, if I'm remembering correctly, that the woman is promised to the devil. So when she reaches a certain age he will come for her. There are sinister hints about her father (who is dead or missing I think) and a mysterious trunk that is eventually opened to reveal photos documenting their incestuous relationship and devil worship. It's all kind of subtle and I don't remember a lot of 'action'... not a lot of murders or gruesome scenes... just a building apprehension.
6. The cover was a light yellow, I believe. Nothing too fancy except I think a creepy kid on the cover. Kid scared the bejesus out of me. White glowing eyes. The story had something to do with a kid conceived by insects. Insect kid. That's all I have. I think the mom gets raped by insects out in the forest, but that could just be me. I can't recall if the boy on the cover has antennae or not.
Any help is much appreciated. I'm halfway through two different horror novels this holiday season, so should have some good new reviews up soon!
Labels: horror fiction help
Stephen King: The Signet Paperback Covers
You know 'em, you love 'em - well, probably you do - these are the classic early novels from Stephen King, all published by Signet/New American Library. The bold, striking, even iconic original first-edition paperback cover art for The Stand (Jan 1980) is by Don Brautigam, and is (mostly) superior in every way to all the countless King reprints that have followed. The short novels in Different Seasons (August 1983) are my favorites of these, followed very closely by The Dead Zone (August 1980), while Cujo (August 1982) and Firestarter (August 1981/art for both by Stephen Stroud) I've always felt were somewhat minor works. I haven't reviewed any of these titles here yet but they provided me hours upon hours of pure horror entertainment, and there's not much more I want!
(Check out other first-edition paperback covers of earlier King classics: Carrie, 'Salem's Lot, The Shining, and Night Shift. I loves 'em all.)
Labels: '80s, bestsellers, classic, don brautigam, favorite, novel, read, signet books, stephen king
Count Saint-Germain: The Signet Paperback Covers
Must plead complete ignorance of Chelsea Quinn Yarbro's long ongoing series about the Count Saint-Germain, a vampire she based on a real-life personage of dubious nature; I haven't read a word of them. However I find the cover art an intriguing mix of sweeping historical romance and traditional Gothic/vampire horror imagery, the whole heaving breasts and ripped bodices thing, and tall, dark, vaguely threatening men in full Lugosi-style vampire garb (cover artist unknown).
The prolific Yarbro began the Saint-Germain story with 1978's Hotel Transylvania (Signet paperback, Jan 1979) which takes place in the court of King Louis XV. Next was The Palace (Signet Dec 1979), set in Florence during the Renaissance. Blood Games (Signet Sep 1980) goes all the way back to Nero's Rome, while Path of the Eclipse (Signet 1982) has the Count under the 13th century Mongolian reign of Genghis Khan. Finally we get to the 20th century with Tempting Fate (Signet Nov 1982), in which the Count witnesses the rise of Nazi Germany before WWII. Whew. Epic.
Not sure which audience the publisher wanted to snag, either: the ever-discerning fans of Kathleen Woodiwiss and Rosemary Rogers, or the Anne Rice crowd - but since Yarbro's vampire "reimagining" predates Rice's, there might not have been a huge horror fiction fanbase for such books. So I wonder if these were shelved with the romance novels or the horror novels? Burning questions for all the ages, no doubt.
Labels: '70s, '80s, chelsea quinn yarbro, gothic horror, historical horror, novel, signet books, unread, vampires
Psycho by Robert Bloch (1959): Motel Money Murder Madness
Then the horror wasn't in the house... it was in his head.
Modern horror entertainment would not be what it is today were it not for the seminal work Psycho, the sixth novel by the vastly prolific Robert Bloch. The book's main character, Norman Bates, has become an immortal symbol of the madness hiding behind the banal, the prosaic, the mundane. It is horror rooted in the everyday; it does not haunt a crumbling Gothic castle, nor does it reside outside space and time. It's here and it's now and it's coming through the bathroom door...
Famously inspired by the Ed Gein case, Bloch pieced together the vague details he'd heard about his fellow Wisconsinite and created Bates, a fellow with, shall we say, mother issues. In the novel, Bates is balding, overweight, a voracious reader and somewhat of a drunk - one of the few changes Hitchcock and screenwriter Joseph Stefano made when they adapted Psycho for film. Another is - probably a major disappointment for readers hungry for violence; I know I was when I first read Psycho as a teenager - the infamous shower murder. Bloch dispatches the character in a single lurid, pulpy sentence; there is nothing that even hints of what Hitchcock would put on the screen.
And I must admit I found it difficult to keep from picturing Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, Martin Balsam, etc., in my head. Suspense and mystery are mostly muted when reading Psycho because of that classic movie. That's why I appreciated seeing how Bloch concealed the fact that Mother Bates is dead; I think those who read it before the movie would never have suspected she's an exhumed corpse. Bloch takes us right inside Bates's head, understanding the origins of his homicidal rage and impotent fury. The conversations between mother and son are ultimately one-sided, her vicious beratements taking on a pathetic poignancy, knowing as we do that they're Norman's own thoughts:
"I'm the one who has the strength. I've always had it. Enough for both of us. That's why you'll never rid of me, even if you really wanted to. Of course, deep down, you don't want to. You need me, boy. That's the truth, isn't it?"
Young Bloch in undated photo, from www.wisconsinhistory.org
One of my favorite parts was when Lila Crane is sneaking through the Bates home, looking for clues to her sister's disappearance, and finds Norman's library:
Here Lila found herself pausing, puzzling, then peering in perplexity at the incongruous contents of Norman Bates's library. A New Model of the Universe, The Extension of Consciousness, The Witch-Cult in Western Europe, Dimension and Being. These were not the books of a small boy, and there were equally out of place in the home of a rural motel proprietor. She scanned the shelves rapidly. Abnormal psychology, occultism, theosophy. Translations of La Bas, Justine. And here, on the bottom shelf, a nondescript assortment of untitled volumes, poorly bound. Lila pulled one out at random and opened it. The illustration that leaped out at her was almost pathologically pornographic.
Warner Books reprint (with stepback), 1982
We get some of Bloch's famous word play in that first line, as well as the "forbidden books" trope so popular in weird pulp fiction. Bloch wrote an unassuming little thriller that shows touches of real-life horror in places, and one that's as singularly important to the horror genre - pre-King of course - as anything by Lovecraft or Matheson or Levin. That it's overshadowed by its unparalleled film adaptation is no inherent fault, and Psycho should still be read and savored today. See more paperback editions here.
Posted by Will Errickson at 6:36 AM 13 comments:
Labels: '50s, '60s, alfred hitchcock, classic, crest books, crime horror, novel, psychological horror, read, robert bloch, slasher
Off Season by Jack Ketchum (1981): At Night Everything Hunts
You see that tagline up there, bold white against the starkest of blacks, a not-so-discreet arrow of crimson, a barely-visible title? It says The Ultimate Horror Novel. This kind of thing makes me, has always made me, skeptical. Not even skeptical; when I see that encomium so obviously from the PR dept of a paperback publisher, it's not even something worth considering as truth in the first place. In fact, it puts me in the opposite direction: this is hype to cover hackwork, and I walk away. But. That tagline...
Ketchum today
It's not so far wrong, actually. Surprised? I was, some. But considering it the ultimate horror novel in no wise means it's to be considered the best horror novel. Which is fine. But Off Season, the first novel from Jack Ketchum (long-standing pen name of Dallas Mayr) and published in July 1981 by Ballantine, features some of the most primal images of human fear in the starkest terms - just like that cover art - so primal that they are nearly mythic. Off Season can be seen as an ur-text for the horror genre in that it reduces all fears to their simplest form. In this way it could be the ultimate horror novel. However it gets this aspect from its adherence to the structure and style of films like Night of the Living Dead, Texas Chainsaw Massacre, The Hills Have Eyes, I Spit on Your Grave, et. al. So if you crave the utmost originality in your horror fiction, Off Season might not be your season. But according to Ketchum himself, these films were the impetus for his novel: "It seemed to me that there was something the movies were doing that the books were not doing. And that was going at the violence very directly and in your face."
And that's just what Ketchum sets about doing in Off Season.This is not a pulpy roller-coaster ride or a cozy chiller. This is horror that knows few, if any, bounds, with nary a whisper of the supernatural or the Gothic. It's a highly disturbing and graphic novel that lulls you with well-sketched characters and then hammers you with breathtaking horror, never flinching or blinking in the face of utmost atrocity. Then it ends. It bears almost no resemblance to any horror fiction before it. The Sawney Bean-inspired cannibal clan is so unlikely as to be almost supernatural; credulity may be strained.
1991 sequel
I don't really feel it necessary to get into the plot and character specifics; you can find those in reviews all over the internet. I'd rather talk more generally about what's going on in the novel, how Ketchum's style, even in this debut work, is careful, measured; at rare moments it even achieves a dark thoughtful poetry. Power lies in its matter-of-factness, in the precise control he has over what the reader experiences. The long character-driven build-up works well, and the conflicts and desires in his young people are rooted in an experiential reality (you'd be surprised - or perhaps you wouldn't - how many horror novelists, if their writing is to be taken at face value, have no idea how humans talk, think, behave, and interact; if they have had those experiences then their writing shows nothing of it, shows only what they've learned through TV commercials). You believe in these characters, for the most part, and it's so satisfying to read a writer who can convey that easily. These aren't Stephen King-style characterizations, of course, but for a paperback original, they're something unexpected.
1999 Overlook Connection hardcover, unexpurgated edition
Off Season's horror is the realization we are nothing but meat to a bizarre cannibal tribe, that the identities we cradle within our skulls are invisible and worthy of no consideration. The horror is in the full awareness of our impending death by dismemberment, of a violation so beyond the realms of human decency as to be dizzying. Watch as your severed limbs are piled around you, your mind reeling. Watch as your friends and lovers are broken before you and set aflame. Watch as you are eaten alive. Then, when you have the chance to retaliate, watch as you become as vile, as depraved, as degenerated as your enemy.
He was keeping her alive as long as he could, and she participated in her torture by her body's blind attempts to survive it. Didn't she know that it was better to be dead now? What awful fraud animated her? Her will to live was as cruel as he was.
Ketchum in '81
Ballantine Books printed up hundreds of thousands of copies of Off Season, even sending out this advance reader's edition (above) to booksellers in January 1981, along with other promotional items. And the outcry was immediate: no bookseller wanted to sell what they considered "violent pornography." Ketchum's career as a novelist was almost over before it'd begun. While it gained some word-of-mouth sales and became a cult title, it wasn't till the advent of the internet that the author's work became better known. The republication of it in 1999 included material excised by the publisher originally for being too violent. I can't even imagine what that'd be!
2006 Leisure Books reprint, unexpurgated edition
As with his The Girl Next Door, I read Off Season in one go; it's got a merciless propulsion to it, a sense of doom that will not be avoided, like a clockwork collision course. Can I recommend it? I'm not sure: it's the kind of book that can get you wondering just why we read books like this: there is no enjoyment in it, no secret thrill (god, I hope not), no escape, nor does it inspire you to get other people to read it. It's an endurance test, really, and when you get to the end, what have you gained? Simply a badge that states "I Survived Off Season"? I don't really have an answer other than: you do it to see if you can take it.
As they stood in the kitchen facing each other nobody said a word for a few minutes. There was nothing left to do but what they had said they would do, and now that seemed enormous and filled them up with a kind of awe.
Labels: '80s, ballantine books, graphic horror, jack ketchum, leisure books, novel, read
Books of Blood, Vol. 6 by Clive Barker (1985): Only the Living Are Lost
Originally published in paperback by Sphere Books in the UK in July 1985, Books of Blood Vol. VI completed Clive Barker's era-defining collection of short stories. Written in the evenings by hand after working days in London's underground theater circuit, these 30 stories in total were '80s horror fiction's watershed and its high-water mark. This final volume can stand with the rest; before turning to his unique brand of epic dark fantasy novels, Barker ended his Books on a high and inspired note of horror, a talent fully matured (these stories weren't published in the United States till 1988, when they appeared in hardcover under the title Cabal, the name of Barker's then-latest work, which they accompanied).
Barker's own handwritten ms. for the Books of Blood
Readers and publishers loved to compare Barker to King and - gack! - Koontz back in the day, and that has always seemed an ill-fitting comparison to me. While Barker may, at least in these early writings, have lacked the human warmth and bestseller plotting mechanics that gave K&K their huge middle-America audience, Barker is worlds ahead of them when it comes to style and imagination; he is also literary in a way those guys aren't. Barker easily employs irony and wit to his horrors; an erotic and perverse sexuality is threaded throughout; the metaphysics, if you will, of his stories aren't borne out of old monster movies or tawdry thriller novels but from ancient mythology, classic European art and philosophy, and obscure religious history (bet you didn't know a cenobite was a real thing!). Not content to simply scare us, Barker's world is one in which characters confront death, confront monsters, and learn to accept that sometimes banishing "the other" will result only in a world less worth living in, one that's been sanitized and banalized till it's fit for consumption only by toothless children.
The first story is "The Life of Death," and one might think it a trite title but the tale itself lives up to that literalization. It also is a perfect example of how facing fears enables us to see the world afresh... even as we see it for the last time.The world of Elaine Rider, a 34-year-old woman who's just had a hysterectomy and almost died twice during the surgery, has now become wintry and dull; she cries all the time and feels utterly bereft. That is until she happens upon the excavation of a 17th century church, All Saints, and meets near the underground crypts an interesting man, Kavanaugh, who piques her curiosity about whatever lies within those walls. He had legitimised her appetite with his flagrant enthusiasm for things funereal. Now, with the taboo shed, she wanted to go back to All Saints and look Death in its face. But it won't be as simple as all that, of course, not with Barker at the helm.
The jungles of South America, and the greedy foreign interlopers looking to exploits its riches, feature in "How Spoilers Bleed." Confrontation between those deceitful men and a tribal chieftan ends in death; curse is imposed; watch the bodies felled. But it is the precision of the curse, its nightmare delicacy, that unsettles:
In the antiseptic cocoon of his room Stumpf felt the first blast of unclean air from the outside world. It was no more than a light breeze... but it bore upon its back the debris of the world. Soot and seeds, flakes of skin itched off a thousand scalps, fluff and sand and twists of hair; the bright dust from a moth's wing... each a tiny, whirling speck quite harmless to most living organisms. But this cloud was lethal to Stumpf; in seconds his body became a field of tiny, seeping wounds.
Oh, that's not going to end well at all.
One of Barker's strengths, I think, is that he never dipped into that seemingly bottomless well known as the Cthulhu mythos. He wasn't above mixing genres, however, in several of his stories he went to other wells - here, hardboiled crime fiction in "The Last Illusion," and Cold War spy fiction in "Twilight at the Towers." The latter has spies, no strangers to shedding and changing skins, subjugating personalities that, upon discovery, could get them killed. Surely there is power in that half-forgotten personality, power still within reach? Ballard is sent on the trail of potential KGB defector Mironenko, but petty bureaucracy and petty, angry men seem always in the way. Mironenko, Ballard will find, has more in common with him that he thought, and the defector will show that beneath the skin - ever-changing - the two are brothers. Becoming a spy, Ballard lost a part of himself, but the thing he was becoming would not be named; nor boxed; nor buried. Never again.
1992 French paperback
Harry D'Amour is one of Barker's few characters that spans stories and novels and movies, and he appears in "The Last Illusion," a New York City detective in the classic world-weary Bogart tradition. But D'Amour is otherworldly-weary, dealing as he does - for a price, of course - with real magic and real demons. The Castrato is one of those:
It did not carry the light with it as it came: it was the light. or rather, some holocaust blazed in its bowels, the glare of which escaped through the creature's body by whatever route it could. It had once been human; a mountain of a man with the belly and the breasts of a neolithic Venus. But the fire in its body had twisted it out of true, breaking out through its palms and its navel, burning its mouth and nostrils into one ragged hole. It had, as its name implied, been unsexed; from that hole too, light spilled.
Sept 1989 Pocket Books paperback - probably the worst of Barker's book covers
A short-short tale ends Volume VI, one that didn't appear in Cabal; it is "The Book of Blood (a postscript): On Jerusalem Street," and it brings the entire story arc back to the beginning, the very first tale told in Volume I, quite nicely. I hadn't read this volume in well over 20 years; in fact, I'd never finished "The Last Illusion," and the only one I recalled anything about was "How Spoilers Bleed," and that because of its perfectly abrupt ending. Again, Barker in no way let me down as I found these final pieces a fitting end to perhaps '80s horror fiction's greatest artistic achievement. Volume VI might not be my favorite - to be fair my favorite tales are spread across all the Books - but it is, as virtually all of Barker's '80s output, essential horror reading.
The dead have highways.
Only the living are lost.
Labels: '80s, books of blood, british, classic, clive barker, favorite, pocket books, read, short stories, sphere books
Robert Lory, author of The Dracula Horror Series, ...
Psycho by Robert Bloch (1959): Motel Money Murder ...
Off Season by Jack Ketchum (1981): At Night Everyt...
Books of Blood, Vol. 6 by Clive Barker (1985): Onl...


Explore the undeveloped natural beauty of the Niagara Falls State Park, as your guide takes you through the paths of the park arriving at the Niagara Falls Observation Tower. Once there you'll descend 250 feet to the base of the American Falls to board onto the world-famous Maid of the Mist Boat Cruise.. The Maid of the Mist brings you into the belly of the Horseshoe Falls, so you can experience its refreshing spray and the unforgettable roar of water rushing over its cliffs. Hang on tight as you feel the magnitude of the churning water below you, as it makes its way down the Niagara River. As an added bonus, you may go to the base of the falls and climb a series of stairs to the Crow's Nest. The view from the Crow's Nest provides yet another multi-sensory experience of the Falls. The exploration continues as you're guided onto Goat Island where the Cave of the Winds will take you closer to the Falls than ever before. Once you're 175 feet deep into the Gorge you'll put on the provided attire (bright yellow poncho and specialized footwear)and hike a series of wooden walkways up to the famous "Hurricane Deck." This is where you're face to face with the fierce base of the Bridal Veil Falls, and where rainbows are spotted day and night.
The adventure doesn't stop here! You'll also enjoy views from above the Falls at various lookout spots including Prospect Point, Terrapin Point, and more. All of this, while your guide provides an ongoing commentary of the rich history and mystery of the Niagara Region.
If pick up is in Canada, you must have a valid passport to cross the border.


BH came to us from Texas after he was surrendered to a kill shelter. He is absolutely stunning and has the prettiest eyes! BH is a little nervous when he first meets people, but it doesn't take him long to warm up and then he's your best friend! He has done wonderful with every dog he meets, so a home with another dog would be ideal. BH loves going for walks and getting treats. He does a goofy little dance when you're about to give him a treat! BH appears to be house trained and he is wonderful in a crate, but we think he'd prefer the bed or the couch ;) We don't know why his name is BH, but he was surrendered with that name and seems to know it. He is neutered, up to date on vaccines, and microchipped.


text:
H. Rannikko
Retaining winners: Can policy boost high-growth entrepreneurship?
By E. Autio, H. Rannikko
"We analysed the growth impact delivered by a high-growth entrepreneurship policy initiative over a six-year period. Using an eight-year panel that started two years before the initiative was launched and propensity score matching to control selection bias, we found that the initiative had more than doubled the growth rates of treated firms. The initiative had delivered a strong impact also on value-for-money basis. In addition to producing the first robust evidence on the growth impact delivered by a high-growth entrepreneurship initiative, we contribute to public sponsorship theory with the notion of capacity-boosting activities to complement previously discussed buffering and bridging activities."
Research, Capacity Development, English