Ian Paisley isn't the type of politician to go quietly into the night whatever the scandal or crisis facing him.
Within hours of petition of recall letters arriving in households across North Antrim yesterday, he tweeted two photographs of himself on motorbikes.
The first was at the launch party for Ireland's first indoor electric motocross track in Moira. That was followed by a picture of Paisley on a classic Norton at the Ulster Grand Prix vintage ride out.
It was a typical bold, brash move from the North Antrim MP which will draw dramatically different responses from critics and fans. One person's cheek is another's chutzpah.
But what the photos seem to suggest is that the eating of humble pie approach in Paisley's House of Commons speech last month is over. It's business as usual from now on for the son of the DUP founder.
The rally being organised next week by Causeway Coast and Glens councillor John Finlay in support of the MP is another sign of the fightback.
Finlay is a Paisley man through and through and very much on the party's fundamentalist wing. In June he accused Arlene Foster of "flouting the Lord's Day" due to her presence at the Ulster GAA Final - so he's not scared to make his voice heard.
Other DUP councillors also threw their weight behind the MP when contacted by the Belfast Telegraph yesterday, although some wouldn't comment on whether they'd attend the rally, and others said they'd be away.
There was silence from DUP headquarters on whether party representatives attending the meeting would face sanction, but it is highly unlikely they would.
Given the strength of the Paisley brand in North Antrim, any councillors punished would surely fancy their chances as independents in next year's local government elections.
The big question will be whether local DUP MLAs Meryvn Storey and Paul Frew attend the rally, or if they'll find themselves with other engagements that night.
With a petition of recall viewed by most political observers as likely to succeed, next Monday's event is effectively Paisley rallying the troops around him for an autumn election.
If he has a strong team on the ground, he doesn't need voices of support from the DUP leadership. In North Antrim the Paisley name carries a lot more weight than that of Foster or Dodds.
The DUP top brass believe, with justification, that Paisley's Sri Lankan holiday scandal has harmed the party with its base outside of his home turf.
But given the MP's popularity in the constituency, he's still in the driving seat for now.


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Bradlaugh (in comments) on unbelief and totalitarianism
Posted on December 11, 2008 by Walter Olson
Bradlaugh, in comments, responding to "Panopaea", who'd invoked the old chestnut assigning collective blame to religious unbelievers for the Twentieth Century rise of totalitarianism:
Das, was der Mensch von dem Tier voraushat, der veilleicht wunderbarste Beweis für die Überlegenheit des Menschen ist, dass er begriffen hat, dass es eine Schöpferkraft geben muss. ("An advantage humans enjoy over animals, and what may be the best proof of their superiority, is that they have grasped there must be the power of a creator.") — Tischgespräche, Feb. 1942.
Hitler and Stalin both had excellent religious educations. (Stalin was a seminarian: the frequent occurrence of expressions like "Bog velyel" — "God willing" — in his speeches was the cause of much secret amusement.) Their people remained largely religious: the Germans noted how captured Russian POWs invariably had religious medallions and such secreted under their uniforms. (This is in Nikolai Tolstoy's book.)
So — it looks as though religious education produced terrorist dictators, and religious populaces are rather easily subdued by those dictators. Doesn't it? And why was not the most emphatically Christian nation in Europe — Franco's Spain — emphatically on the Allies' side in WW2? Etc., etc.
And there either are gods, or there aren't. If there aren't, what is your point?
[end of quote from Bradlaugh]
About Walter Olson
Fellow at a think tank in the Northeast specializing in law. Websites include overlawyered.com. Former columnist for Reason and Times Online (U.K.), contributor to National Review, etc.
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40 Responses to Bradlaugh (in comments) on unbelief and totalitarianism
Panopaea says:
My response to Bradlaugh's comment, which was directed at me, is here:
http://secularright.org/wordpress/?p=736 along with other comments on this subject which would be difficult to duplicate – as in go over again – in this thread. So the field is open to the atheists who like to have an open field to run down, but for anybody else interested in the truth told in no lukewarm language follow the link above.
y81 says:
I guess as soon as militant atheists stop blaming Christianity for the Inquisition, militant Christians will stop blaming atheism for the Gulag and the Holocaust. I'm not holding my breath.
About this website: I see a lot of "secular," but not a lot of "right." Where is the conservative part, as opposed to the atheist part? Right now, this website seems a lot like a table in the CUNY lunchroom, circa 1935, with mad partisans railing not against fascism or capitalism, but against the real enemy, Trotskyite deviationists.
Walter Olson says:
>the field is open to the atheists who like to have an open field to run down
I don't think it would actually be all that difficult to repost on this thread the handful of relevant comments from the earlier thread, but if you would rather have the grievance to nurse, I understand and will respect that.
Blode0322 says:
The subject of whether or not religion is (partly or wholly) responsible is hotly debated. There are good points on both sides.
One of the better points contra what you've said looks not at totalitarian leaders, but their voters. In Leftism Revisited, Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn looks closely at voting patterns in the late Weimar Republic. While there was a general lack of Zogby / Gallup-type opinion polling at the time, in certain cases (e.g. the meteoric rise of a party coincidental with the collapse of other parties, and stable voting patterns for still others) you can pretty much tell what type of voter is voting for whom. As a certified anti-leftist, I'm sure he'd love to prove that most Nazi votes came from Communist and Social Democratic parties, but it's not true so he doesn't.
If I remember correctly (where is my copy of that book? I can't exactly pray for it!) the parties that collapsed as the Nazis grew were the DDP (left-liberal), the Economy Party (centrist-liberal), and the German People's Party (right-liberals). A pretty ugly verdict for self-described liberals, including right-liberals like myself! The thing these parties have in common, in K-L's view, was that they had no fixed ideology. The parties that held the line – nasty leftists, watery leftists, and the (Catholic) Center Party (guess which one K-L likes) – had fixed ideologies that made their members resistant to The Brown Menace.
For folks who may not be familiar with mid-Century European political terminology, the thing that makes liberals liberals in that time and place is, put simply, anti-clerical and pro-capitalist stances. A few decades previously, they'd have been distinguished by their support of moderate extensions of the franchise (with radicals supporting universal suffrage, and conservatives generally content with the narrow franchise).
This is not a slam on the secular right. I love the secular right. Conservatism and skepticism (particularly, skepticism about the ability of the state to perfect man) should combine to defeat revolutionary thinking of both the brown and red varieties. It's just that, the question of Did the church sit on its hands and/or support the totalitarians, is pretty complex and demands a nuanced answer. The leaders of the Nazis came disproportionately from the conservative Catholic south. Their voters came disproportionately from the liberal Protestant north.
(As to the Russian example, well, I know comparatively little about Stalin. The Orthodox Church was both steadfast and unsuccessful in its attempts to stop Bolshevism. Also a complex topic.)
Grant Canyon says:
"I guess as soon as militant atheists stop blaming Christianity for the Inquisition, militant Christians will stop blaming atheism for the Gulag and the Holocaust."
Hmmm, let's see, the Inquisition was run by an actual office of the Catholic Church, so you want people to stop blaming Christianity (of which the largest branch is the aforementioned Catholic Church) for it?
Oh, and to blame atheism for the gulag is misguided. To blame atheism for the Holocaust — especially given the Christianity-based European anti-Semetism which lay at its base and the religous motivations of the National Socialists — is peverse.
y81 :About this website: I see a lot of "secular," but not a lot of "right." Where is the conservative part, as opposed to the atheist part?
I'm wondering the same thing, actually. I'd like to know more if and how secular rightists differ from religious rightists on other issues. I imagine the two camps largely agree on taxes and gun control, but what about immigration, affirmative action, etc.? Were I a contributor I'd start a poll to that effect (hint!)
Where is the conservative part, as opposed to the atheist part? Right now, this website seems a lot like a table in the CUNY lunchroom, circa 1935, with mad partisans railing not against fascism or capitalism, but against the real enemy, Trotskyite deviationists.
I think your impression is mainly due to the fact that there are a large number of theists in the comments section constantly espousing numerous variations on the "Unless you share my precise religious beliefs, you're not a conservative" meme that has got the right into so much trouble in the States.
A-Bax says:
y81: "About this website: I see a lot of "secular," but not a lot of "right." Where is the conservative part, as opposed to the atheist part?
Two responses:
1) The GOP, and the Right is general, is kind of fractured at the moment as to whether the RR, in all it's oogedy-boodgey Bush/Huckabee/Palin glory, has turned off large swaths of America (and contributed mightily to our the recent bloodletting), or whether the fiscal-cons, metro-cons, and generally all-except-social/religious-cons are more responsible.
Now, one might characterize this as a silly debate, and I'm not saying that this blog is "blaming" the RR for the recent bloodletting, but this site has become a bit of a lightning-rod for the intra-mural squabble that already exists between socio/religious-cons and other sorts of conservatives.
2) Since we are all (from what I can tell) more or less on the Right (or libertarian moderate….or just non-Lefty in general), there isn't all that much to squabble about in terms of left-right politics (yet). Perhaps falling out of the above, there IS alot more to squabble about along the secular-religious spectrum.
Plus, we've been inundated by representatives of the RR, and are simply pushing back against them. If we were inundated by the Kossacks, we'd push back against their liberal politics too. But we haven't, and it's natural to wonder why…
My guess? The RR figures that Liberals are not really worth the effort to "save" since they're already so far away from "The Truth" in terms of idea-space. They're a lost cause, so to speak. But, on the other hand, we on the Secular-Right have got at least one part of the formula correct (so the RR thinks), so maybe it might be worth their while to whittle away at the secular part.
It will be interesting to see if denizens of the Secular-Left begin infiltrating the comments section, pulling us in the other direction ("See?", they might say, "look at what all these crazy religious nut-jobs are pushing….join forces with us!".)
But, I'm confident that those who feel at home of the Secular Right will have the stones to resist the temptation to give up "secular" or "right", regardless of proselytizing from either direction.
Caledonian says:
I for one would like Our Hosts to explicitly state their definitions for 'conservative', as that word has been associated with many different ideas; it is difficult to compare and contrast meanings when people use it in different ways.
Polichinello says:
So — it looks as though religious education produced terrorist dictators, and religious populaces are rather easily subdued by those dictators. Doesn't it?
If they were acting in accord with religious education, you'd have a point. In Franco's case, there's something to be said for that point, and there's a stronger case in Romania.
The problem, though, is that a lot of these movements pushed anti-Christian agendas. Hitler's theism was more akin, really, to the silly pagans you see running around these days. Himmler even had a similar preoccupation with the witches.
While I agree that trying to indict all atheists or atheism per se for the 20th century is wrong, I think it's worth noting that simply destroying or undermining traditional religion without an alternative can be disastrous, because you don't know what's going to follow. This is, I believe, the big error of many of the 19th Century classically liberal atheists, who assumed they could get rid of Christ, but keep the social tenets of Christianity.
This feeds into Calendonian's point: instead of attacking the religious (which their comments here, I admit, make tempting), it would be more productive to come up with a core of principles that secular conservatives could agree on. What should be conserved? The ideas of free speech, free markets and limited republican government are probably a good start, but there should be more to say than just that.
Well, what I'm looking for, but haven't seen, is to know what a conservative atheist position would be on Gramm-Leach-Bliley, or the war in Iraq, or extraordinary rendition, or waterboarding, or abortion, or gay marriage, or the scope of an economic stimulus package, or something. As it stands, all I learn here is that conservative atheists believe in evolution. And, if I have understood her correctly, that Heather MacDonald thinks the poor could use a little more sexual self-discipline, though no one seems to have much of a plan for how that might be imposed.
"Hitler's theism was more akin, really, to the silly pagans you see running around these days."
That's simply not true. While he was enamored of ancient German folk relgion (probably more in tone than in substance), he was clearly not a pagan as Himmler is believed to have professed to be. He was absolutely a monotheist of the Christian stripe, and was a life-long member of the Catholic Church. However, his beliefs were not orthodox (or Orthodox) in any sense of the word. He had distain for organized Christianity, but did believe in God and in Jesus.
All that said, religion, per se, was not a driving or motivating factor in Hitler's actions. His irrational ideas about race and ethnic supremecy were.
y81 :
And, if I have understood her correctly, that Heather MacDonald thinks the poor could use a little more sexual self-discipline, though no one seems to have much of a plan for how that might be imposed.
See, now that's the problem right there. Effective social change is not imposed. We cannot force anyone do to anything.
Note: when I say this, I do not mean that it is possible but cannot be permitted. I mean that it isn't possible in the first place.
If you're still looking for someone or something to fix all the broken parts of society, you're already on the wrong track. Everyone fixes themselves. Some members of the poor may restrain themselves, some may not. The key is not to interfere with the natural rewards and punishments of reality. Do not lay a heavier burden on those who act wisely, and do not lift the burden from those who act foolishly.
gene berman says:
I don't think there can be any question but that the leadership and the official position of both the Nazis and the Bolshevik/Communists were
atheist, despite whatever might have been the upbringing of either the leaders or the followers. There's no case to be made that their belligerency and warmaking were inspired or particularly informed by atheism—just that, in both cases, their sought-for utopias were envisioned as devoid of and untroubled by religion. The truth of the foregoing is not lessened by leaders' appeals to existing prejudices on the part of those exhorted nor even of accomodations reached in some cases with religious leaders. Politics and pragmatism always count to those in or seeking power.
mtraven says:
It has always seemed to me that totalitarian states (Nazi Germany, Stalinist USSR, Mao's China, North Korea) tend to organize themselves into personality cults that are themselves religious in nature, elevating the leader into something of a god-king in the manner of Pharonic Egypt.
This is not to blame Stalin on either religion or atheism, but to observe that religiosity is a human tendency that will manifest itself as it will, despite the official labeling of a regime as atheist.
While he was enamored of ancient German folk relgion (probably more in tone than in substance), he was clearly not a pagan as Himmler is believed to have professed to be.
But neither the Nazis or the current crop of "pagans" truly adhere to the older paganisms in the truer sense. They view divine essence as a some sort of theosophistic, life-affirming force that always–mirabile dictu–affirms their own whims. So Hitler's monotheism is far closer to today's silly "polytheism", which usually isn't very "poly" when examine it closely, as it reduces to simple nature worship.
Tulse says:
gene berman :
Actually, in the case of the Nazis, there can indeed be question — consider, for example, that Wehrmacht soldiers wore belt buckles with the slogan "Gott mit uns" ("God with us") emblazoned on them.
in both cases, their sought-for utopias were envisioned as devoid of and untroubled by religion
Again, not so much with the Nazis — many of their leadership held various odd mythic/supernatural/occult views about the German race.
I think it is clear that the Nazis were not motivated by mainstream Christianity, but that is hardly the same as saying they were atheist.
A-Bax :
Since we are all (from what I can tell) more or less on the Right
Actually, to out myself here, I am definitely not in that category. The reason I am here is out of a hope to re-engage in genuine dialogue with those on the right, unencumbered by the shouting matches and idiocy that permeates the Religious Right.
Tulse: Damn!!! A deep-cover operative…. 😉
Kudos to your "fessing up", so to speak. I hope the RR commenters haven't disabused you of your notion that we can be reasonable over here on this side.
◄Dave► says:
So the field is open to the atheists who like to have an open field to run down, but for anybody else interested in the truth told in no lukewarm language follow the link above.
Panopaea, et al
I am rather curious as to your motive for coming here to pester us. I, for one, am uninterested in debating atheism vs. Christianity anymore – been there, done that, more often than I care to admit. I can only speak for myself; but I would venture to guess that most hereabouts are more interested in discussing ways of promoting individual Liberty, and limiting the influence of government over our lives and endeavors.
Most of us would agree with the conservative principles enumerated in the recently discussed "The Sharon Statement" of 1960. In what way would you not?
If one accepts the Left/Right dichotomy perpetuated by the politicians (I do not), does that not place us to the Right of center? Shouldn't this make us allies in the battle against the statist Progressives who are now clearly winning? I should think so, for they have just attained virtually complete control of the levers of power in our country, and I fear we soon shall not recognize it as the land of our fathers.
Some of us think that the pitched moral battle, between the Politically Correct dogma of the Left, and the Piously Correct dogma of the Right, are not proper matters for the Federal government to address. In a word, we want a minimal secular government that cannot enforce any particular moral code on non-adherents to the doctrine that espouses it. I hope you can acknowledge that this is not an alien concept to our country's founding principles and documents.
It happens that some, but by no means all, of the libertarian and/or conservative anti-Marxist secularists attracted to this website are not Christians. Why does that bother you so? Yes, some of us are even godless; but we are not militant ACLU type atheists bent on suppressing your public displays of piety. We are focused on the evil of Marxism, and the threat that doctrine poses to our individual Liberty, and free market capitalism.
While not pious, chances are that our personal moral codes are not all that different from yours. Yet, you seem more agitated by our disbelief in your preferred god, than those who would force their alien morality upon you, given half a chance. How can this be?
Please understand that we did not come here to do battle with Christianity. There are almost unlimited venues available for those inclined to enjoy twisting fundamentalists in knots. There are also a multitude of Progressive websites where activist Progressive atheists, who seem to live for ranting about, demonizing, and challenging the beliefs of Christians, could do with an articulate proponent of your faith, to smack them around a bit.
One wonders why someone of your talents chooses to waste them on pointless criticism of potential allies, who have demonstrated remarkable restraint in responding to you, rather than to better effect among your real enemies. Surely, you do not harbor any illusion that you could talk us out of our reasoned secular viewpoints, much less into adopting your faith. Will you please explain your motive? ◄Dave►
I hope the RR commenters haven't disabused you of your notion that we can be reasonable over here on this side.
Absolutely not — it is my fervent hope that places like this are an indication that such reasonableness is possible. As much fun as schadenfreude might be, I think it is hugely unhealthy for a democracy to have two parties that effectively are incapable of rational, "good-faith" discussions (however ironic that term may be in this context). I think it is vitally necessary for the right in the US to remove the grip of evangelicals on its levers of control in order for it to be able to engage in such dialogue (while admitting that the left has some problems of its own in this regard).
I also think that it is necessary in general for conservatives in the US to reclaim their intellectual heritage, instead of (to use an admittedly biased characterization) wallowing in anti-intellectual populism, the nadir of which was Sarah Palin. I think these issues of religion and anti-intellectualism are intimately related, although others of course may disagree (or may not buy the anti-intellectualism charge in general).
Dave: Thank you for your most recent comment. It was very subdued and well-written. Perfect tone.
You ask: "And there either are gods, or there aren't. If there aren't, what is your point?"
I guess the "point" is this: (1) society is better if people practice religion, (2) people are more likely to practice religion if they believe that their assigned god actually exists, (3) the more athiests out there poking holes in people's faith, the more people will start to lose faith, So… (4) stop talking like there is no god or we could end up with a really big vacuum to fill!
Xenocles says:
Panopaea :
To continue the metaphor, you're the kicker and you've already missed the tackle. The open field naturally follows after that.
I think it's pretty funny that you use Soviet Russia as an example of evil that Christian nations have fought against. In this universe at least, the only Christian nations to actually kill Soviet troops on the battlefield were, ironically enough, Nazi Germany and her puppets. All the others seem to have been animists (Japanese), Muslims (Afghans, Chechens), or something else. Actually, if memory serves, the "Christian nations" that you claim were responsible for defending freedom actually fought alongside the Soviets when the two were actually on the same battlefield.
Actually, if memory serves, the "Christian nations" that you claim were responsible for defending freedom actually fought alongside the Soviets when the two were actually on the same battlefield.
Actually, the European West did fight the Soviets when it half-heartedly intervened in the Russian Civil War.
"wallowing in anti-intellectual populism, the nadir of which was Sarah Palin"
I think anyone who believes that is letting the New York Times do his thinking for him. There is no particular evidence that Sarah Palin is dumber than, say, Joe Biden, who was 75th in a class of 85 at, God help us, Syracuse Law School. The man is a total moron who couldn't have gotten an interview at Harriet Miers's or Michael Mukasey's law firms. Similarly, George Bush had higher grades than John Kerry at Yale; John Ashcroft went to Yale and Chicago, and thus stacks up fine against Eric Holder, Hank Paulsen has a Harvard MBA and was the freaking CEO of Goldman Sachs, etc. Nonetheless, the Sandy Levinsons and Paul Krugmans of the world will always believe, and proclaim loudly, that liberals are smarter than conservatives. Those who identify intelligence with academic appointments or jobs at newspapers will always be persuaded by that claim. There is nothing the Republicans can do to change that, and it isn't worth trying.
TBC says:
Despite being an atheist conservative, I must agree with our theistic friends against Bradlaugh's comment. So the crimes of socialism, "national" and otherwise, are to be placed at the door of religion because of Stalin's verbal tics, Hitler's Deism and the Wehrmacht's morale-raising slogans. Come on, this is strawman at its worst. The files of religion and Christianity are already filled with crimes (as are of most human institutions), there's no need to blame them for the ones they did not commit.
The swipe at Spain at the end is particularly unjust. May I suggest a few reasons?
1st) Spain was devastated by the civil war and militarily worthless. If Franco declared war on anyone, he'd lose, and he knew it. And yet he had the nerve of denying Hitler's demand for Spain to join the Axis at Hendaye. That was much more helpful for the Allies than having Spain openly side with them – for the result of this would be an easy Nazi conquest of Spain and the opening of yet another front for the Allied war effort.
2nd) MYOB. Why would Spain enter a war in which it did not have an interest? Whatever the Nazis, the Reds, and everyone else, did, as long as it was outside of Spain and respectful of Spanish sovereignty, it was not Franco's damned business.
Polichinello :
Fair enough. So for a moment at the beginning of the Soviet era, western Europeans fought actively against the Soviets. For the rest of history, they joined them, paid others to fight, or were just mad at them.
Achh, Poland also fought a sharp war with the Bolsheviks in 1920-21[?].
There is no particular evidence that Sarah Palin is dumber than, say, Joe Biden…
Palin's problem was and is that she's provincial. She knows Alaska well enough, but, until a few months ago, hadn't really given serious thought to national issues. Further, she had to back up a man whose political philosophy was more incoherent than Battlestar Galactica's plot arc. Very few people could keep that many balls in the air, even with all sorts of experience and smarts.
Tulse, welcome aboard. I hope to have many well-grounded, friendly and good-spiriting sparrings with you over many matters!
Cascadian says:
@◄Dave►
For the rest of history, they joined them, paid others to fight, or were just mad at them.
Given the examples of Napoleon and Hitler, I don't see what else they could have done. Given the problems with Communist ideology, something seen by many as early as the 50s, waiting them out, with a bit of proxy fighting, was the most prudent and least bloody solution.
Ditto to what Tulse said. I'm definitely not of the right, and while my background is pretty hardcore scientific and secular I am becoming more open to sane versions of religious ideas. My goal in commenting here is to get into intelligent arguments with intelligent people. Or get them to come on over to my blog and do it on my own turf.
kurt9 says:
The way I see it, the memes line up in the following order in terms of the number of people they have killed:
1) Communism
2) Nazism
3) Christianity
4) Islam
5) Imperial Japan
Totalitarian worldviews come in many different flavors, secular and religious. The common root that I have noticed about all totalitarianism is the assumption that the individual does not own his or her own self. That the individual does not have the right to pursue his or own dreams and goals in life and to live life on their own terms. That the individual exists as part of and to serve some greater whole or entity.
It was precisely this line of reasoning that drove me to reject all non-libertarian philosophies and religions at the tender age of 17. I became a libertarian before I even knew what libertarianism was. I still subscribe to this worldview today.
I think anyone who believes that is letting the New York Times do his thinking for him. There is no particular evidence that Sarah Palin is dumber than, say, Joe Biden
I bet Joe could name at least one national newspaper.
Let me be clear — I am not saying that the right does not have a long and established intellectual tradition, or that there are not currently very smart and thoughtful adherents of conservatism. For example, I would put our congenial hosts into that category. But seriously, Palin is a phenomenal lightweight, barely able to string together coherent sentences, much less articulate complex policy. And to pretend that there is not at present a strong populist and anti-intellectual streak in the Republican party is to doom your party to irrelevance.
>Let me be clear — I am not saying that the right does not have a long and established intellectual tradition, or that there are not currently very smart and thoughtful adherents of conservatism.
Oh, go ahead and say it. Chances are you've read zero of them anyway.
>For example, I would put our congenial hosts into that category.
That's why you – a self-identified liberal – are over here, because you detect sharp conservative minds, and this is what you crave and need to keep your intellect alive.
>But seriously, Palin is a phenomenal lightweight, barely able to string together coherent sentences, much less articulate complex policy.
Like Ronald Reagan she knows which direction is up. That puts her ahead of the curve right there. As for articulating complex policy… Less taxes more revenue. There, I just articulated complex policy. Maybe you're not able to recognize complex policy.
>And to pretend that there is not at present a strong populist and anti-intellectual streak in the Republican party is to doom your party to irrelevance.
Good God, did you see the documentary and accompanying Zogby poll on the average Obama voter? You can be illiterate and be a liberal. Show me your birth certificate, OK, you're a liberal.
Read Paul Johnson on Intellectuals for a good initial take. That's what we're anti.
Tulse :
y81 : But seriously, Palin is a phenomenal lightweight, barely able to string together coherent sentences, much less articulate complex policy. And to pretend that there is not at present a strong populist and anti-intellectual streak in the Republican party is to doom your party to irrelevance.
This is right. Palin simply could not articulate coherent thoughts. (As her abysmal debate performance attested. She made Joe Biden look erudite, which is no small feat.) She may have been brighter than she appeared, and possessed of better instincts than she evidenced, but her lack of ability to articulate her stance(s), beyond "paint-by-numbers" boilerplate conservatism, does not speak well for the GOP and conservatives in general.
I think McCain was a terrible candidate, and likely would've lost anyway. (He was barely conservative himself.) But….the Palin nomination was naked identity-politics-of-the-Right, and it was depressing to see the GOP basically capitulate to this aspect of Leftist-thinking.
The RR has a hostility towards science, due to their unwillingness to accept reality when it comes to evolution. This hostility is metastasizing into hostility towards intellectual achievement in general, and is (powerfully) contributing to the marginalization of the GOP. We on the right would do well to face this squarely, and do what it takes to correct the situation.
I have some sympathy with the RR's instincts on resisting the Academy, as it is thoroughly lefty-liberal in a nearly religious way itself, but they overshoot the mark here, throwing the baby out with the bathwater.
We can reject many of the conclusions of today's academic intellectuals without reverting to an embarrassing anti-intellectualism. To do the latter is to concede the mental high-ground to the Left, and open ourselves to the sorts of nonsense that W, Huckabee, and yes, Palin, represented.
Richard Saunders says:
You would agree with Plato and Leo Strauss, then, on the utility of the "noble lie"?
My personal experience has been that religious people do not act any better than non-religious people. These experiences are also reflected in national statistics as well. Oregon and Washington are considered the least religious parts of the U.S. Yet, crime and other anti-social acts are not any higher here than any other part of the country and may, in fact, be lower. In surveys where people are asked if they consider religion important in their lives, East Asians have the lowest level of positive responses to this question, African Americans have the highest level of positive responses to this question.
I do not think the evidence supports the contention that religious people behave better than non-religious people.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Climbing kids
Every time I wonder if I'm asking too much of my main characters, eight-ish and ten-ish years old (Mars time is complicated), something like this comes along to reassure me. Kudos to Sam!
(And, yes, there is climbing in the next book.)
8-year-old boy becomes youngest person to climb California's El Capitan | CNN
An 8-year-old boy became the youngest person to finish climbing El Capitan in California's Yosemite National Park on Friday, according to his father, who has been by his side and cheering him on since the pair began their journey earlier this week.
Water flowing
I had a goal of 10,000 words by the start of my kids' Fall Break.
Things are going well.
Ice sounds
Here's the soundtrack I play in my office lately while I write. I don't know how a collapsing glacier on Mars would sound to those stuck within, but I imagine it wouldn't be too far from this.
The lights have gone out. The tunnels have broken and shifted around you. And these sounds constantly rumble and zing up through your feet and the thin atmosphere outside your helmet. Do you have enough air to find your way out?
My gosh, this book might be too scary for kids!
Martian dungeon
How do you write a Martian dungeon crawl? First, you have to make a model dungeon (abandoned ice mine), so you can keep track of where everybody's at.
Martian glaciers
Of relevance to my next book, Water, is the question of subglacial water.
Here's reporting on a recent study that modeled glacial movement on Mars. It has been assumed that most glaciers on Mars have been frozen to their beds for quite some time. The question has been, did they ever move or have they always been stuck? This study suggests that they may have been able to move in the past, though more slowly than glaciers on Earth.
It's an interesting piece, but doesn't help my case. For Water, I need a significant reservoir of subglacial water in the present. This is where I'm going to have to exercise some creative license and claim that remnants of ancient vulcanism have kept my fictional ice sheet wet at the bottom. At some point in any work of science fiction, one must lean into the fiction part. This is where that happens for Water.
Glaciers flowed on ancient Mars, but slowly
The weight and grinding movement of glaciers has carved distinctive valleys and fjords into Earth's surface. Because Mars lacks similar landscapes, researchers believed ancient ice masses on the Red Planet must have been frozen firmly to the ground. New research suggests they were not stuck in place, but just moved very slowly.
This week, I wrote the first 943 words of the next Generation Mars book, Water. Oh, I've written many more over the past months in the form of developmental notes to myself: 14,000 or so. But these 943 are the first words I've written of the book itself. They are the climax, no less, and it's a whopper. I wish I could tell you about it, but you'll just have to wait till I get up that mountain.
Iceland?
Recent study suggests early Mars may have been very much like Iceland.
Was early Mars wet and warm, or dry and cold? Yes.
New evidence from the Curiosity rover shows ancient Mars was like present-day Iceland: Cold and wet.
SYFY Official Site
Where is Dawn Colony?
A while back I posted about how the writing of science fiction is a race with the progress of science. Here's a perfect example: where is Dawn Colony? I've been hesitant to place it at a specific location on Mars because the more specific I get, the more likely it is I'll be wrong. Perhaps they live near the southern end of one of the study areas mentioned in this article.
I'm open to other suggestions.
SWIM Project Maps Potential Sources of Mars Water
The Subsurface Water Ice Mapping project is currently studying large expanses of the northern hemisphere of Mars to identify potential shallow water-ice resources. Work is focused in the four outlined regions, all of which exhibit evidence of ice such as Lineated Valley Fill (LVF) and Lobate Debris Aprons (LDA). Credit: Gareth Morgan Tucson, Ariz.
Planetary Science Institute
Christmas crater
Here's a nice Christmas card from Mars: a crater filled with water ice.
Mars Express gets festive: A winter wonderland on Mars
This image shows what appears to be a large patch of fresh, untrodden snow – a dream for any lover of the holiday season. However, it's a little too distant for a last-minute winter getaway: this feature, known as Korolev crater, is found on Mars, and is shown here in beautiful detail as seen by…
www.esa.int
Evidence of liquid water
Evidence detected of lake beneath the surface of Mars | CNN
A lake of liquid water has been detected by radar beneath the southern polar ice cap of Mars, according to a new study by Italian researchers from the Italian Space Agency, published Wednesday in the journal Science.
Generation Mars is a series of children's books that follows the first group of kids born on Mars as they grow into their own.
Mars Express
Planetary geology
Promo clip series
Resource utilization
Rumination


text:
What Year Was James Madison Re Elected President
The earliest two-termers — George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and. the first four years to ensure that the country wants a president back for more. Some presidents who championed.
At 5 feet and 9-1/2 inches, Jimmy Carter was our shortest president since Harry Truman, who was 5-foot-9. Abraham Lincoln was the tallest president ever at 6-4, and James Madison the shortest. and.
James Madison and some other framers favored some manner of popular vote for president. presidential election to the House of Representatives. But these days, electors are not the.
President Trump Goes on Twitter Rampage Against James Comey: "All Lies!" The tweets came less than 24 hours after the release of the former FBI director's congressional testimony.
And Dolley Madison needs a fact check.] The school that would become JMU was founded in 1908 as a women's college, more than 30 years. elected president in 1808. He later described the arrival in.
The school that would become JMU was founded in 1908 as a women's college, more than 30 years after. soon after Madison was elected president in 1808. He later described the arrival in his book, "A.
James Monroe was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825) and the last President from the Founding Fathers. On New Year's Day, 1825, at the last of his annual White House.
Ronald Reagan An American Life Zion Briddle-Fredericks, an 8-year old in second grade at Ronald Reagan Academy in Elizabeth. a discussion of the "1932 Survey of Negro Life in New Jersey" that presented a picture of. When Ronald Reagan took the oath of office as America's 40th President on January 20, 1981, the country was experiencing some of bleakest economic
James Madison (1751-1836) was a founding father of the United States and the fourth American president, serving in office from 1809 to 1817. An advocate for a strong federal government, the.
William Howard Taft Jobs Before Presidency The Republican William Howard Taft worked as a judge in Ohio Superior Court and in the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals before accepting a post as the first. As U.S. president from 1909 to 1913 and chief justice of the U.S. Supreme. Articles Of Confederation Signers The year was 1787. The place: the State
Here he talks about why the two sides went to war, what Presidents James Madison and. In Britain, you're a household name. For those outside the U.K., can you tell us about the Swingometer? I.
Barney Frank announced this week that he would not seek re-election next year. can blame James Madison. In America, unlike England, unlike Israel, unlike Japan, other democracies, we have elections.
explains how James Madison thought ambition. in the way officeholders were to be elected. Representatives were elected by the people; senators by state legislatures (later by direct elections); and.
And we're afforded glimpses of his romantic life: of the socially awkward 32-year-old courting 15-year-old Kitty. the ideal venue for his particular brand of dry wit.'' After James Madison was.
said Eitan, my 8-year. James Madison have said about Thomas Jefferson? What would John Adams have done had he been elected for a second term in office? Authenticity lends well to student engagement.
James Madison Timeline Timeline Description: James Madison was an American politician who became the fourth President of the United States. He was hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" and, along with Thomas Jefferson, formed the Democratic-Republican Party.
The destiny of republican government, Madison believed, is staked on the vigilance of the American people to tend "the sacred fire of liberty."[2] James Madison. their public stances and votes.
James Madison University (also known as JMU, Madison, or James Madison) is a public research university in Harrisonburg, Virginia.Founded in 1908 as the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, the institution was renamed Madison College in 1938 in honor of President James Madison and then James Madison University in 1977. The university is situated in the.
Facts About Abraham Lincoln Kids Jun 11, 2009. Abraham Lincoln was born into a racist family, in a racist region of our country, Piety toward his memory suppressed that fact for generations. Here are a few fun facts about our state to help celebrate Michigan's. The term many of use and love today was coined by none other than Abraham
Eisenhower White House 1953 – 1961 Explore Life & Work in the Executive Mansion See More Collections
James Madison was born on March 16, 1751. He was the co-author, along with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton of the Federalist Papers and is viewed by many as the 'father of the Constitution'.
Kearns III for a one-year. James Madison University (VA) and his law degree from the University of Bridgeport (CT) Law School. He was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in the Fourth.
Click on image to view a larger version. Quotes on the Second Amendment: "The Constitution preserves "the advantage of being armed which Americans possess over the people of almost every other nation.(where) the governments are afraid to trust the people with arms."
The Connecticut Compromise of 1787 created the structure of the House and Senate, and it was that same compromise that.
NEW YORK — The number has been repeated so often by presidential prognosticators that it's an article of faith: No president. in the three years leading up to the election. But there are misfires.
Are All Schools Closed On Martin Luther King Day Here is a list of government offices and school divisions that will be closed for Lee-Jackson Day on Friday and Martin Luther King Jr. Day on Monday. » All of the school divisions — King William, King. Jan 6, 2019. Martin Luther King Jr. Day in Champaign-Urbana: What is Open, What is Closed. January 6,
Awards include Gold Council of the Year, the highest recognition at the state level, and two first place honors at SCASC convention
Noi.org Malcom X Speechs And this is a unique speech — it's not like others he. forge their own identities and culture. At the time, Malcolm X, 35, was a loyal supporter of the black separatist movement Nation of Islam. He. And this is a unique speech — it's not like others he. forge their own identities and culture.
Table 1 THE 20 YEAR US PRESIDENTIAL DEATH CYCLE 1840-1960. Elected President. Died. 1800 Jefferson. Survived. Died July 4, 1826. 1820 Monroe
Madison's Trouble in the West. When Thomas Jefferson announced his retirement, his secretary of state and the 'Father of the Constitution,' James Madison, was easily elected the fourth president.
Every four years, millions of Americans head to the ballot box. They think they're picking the next president of the United States. "Such democracies," wrote James Madison in 1787, "have in general.
Fourth of July Celebrations Database Top 5% in K-12 Education Researched, Compiled, and Arranged by James R. Heintze. American University, Washington, D.C.
The Institute criticized President Roosevelt as a propagandist. Instead, it's what we now call polarization, but what founding father James Madison referred to as "faction." Cover of an Institute.
James Knox Polk, the eleventh U.S. President, and one of the most highly acclaimed U.S. Presidents, was born in Mecklenburg, North Carolina to a family of ten.
Several luminaries were in favor of an executive council: Franklin and James Madison and George Mason. would all be done by the Senate. So the president, two weeks until the end, the president was.
Polish General American Revolution
African American Civil War Museum Dc


text:
Q: Создание квадратного View через xml Знаете те ли вы способ создать квадратное (высота = ширине) view через файл xml разметки (именно через xml, через КОД НЕ НАДО).
Есть три ImageView растянуты на всю ширину экрана. есть ли способ сделать их квадратными через
xml разметку? что указать в качестве высоты, что бы они были квадратные или друго способ?
activity_main.xml
<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"   //???
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" //???
        android:layout_weight="1"
        app:srcCompat="@android:drawable/ic_menu_camera" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView2"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" //???
        android:layout_weight="1"
        app:srcCompat="@android:drawable/ic_menu_camera" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView3"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  //???
        android:layout_weight="1"
        app:srcCompat="@android:drawable/ic_menu_camera" />

</LinearLayout>

A: Как-то так должно сработать
<androidx.constraint.ConstraintLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <View
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="1:1" />

</androidx.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
TV TATTLE
RuPaul's Drag Race announces Season 14 cast that includes its first-ever straight male contestant
Posted by Norman Weiss
Thursday 12/02/21 at 8:59PM EST
VH1 unveiled the 14 queens who will be vying for the $100,000 grand prize starting on Jan. 7, including Maddy Morphosis, the first-ever heterosexual, cisgender male contestant. As Variety's Adam B. Vary notes, "bringing a straight man into the Drag Race workroom ...marks the first time someone who does not identify as LGBTQ has participated on the show that has been celebrated for bringing queer identities into the mainstream." Vary points out that in recent years, "the Drag Race franchise has expanded its vision of what defines a drag queen," including RuPaul's Drag Race UK recently having the franchise's first-ever cisgender woman, Victoria Scone, who identifies as a lesbian. Last year, Drag Race featured its first trans male contestant, Gottmik, who identifies as pansexual. In an interview with EW, Maddy Morphosis says her place in the drag community is one she feels "privileged" to have, and gave her a sense of belonging during her formative years of feeling "different" and "enamored" by viewing the world through a feminine perspective versus assimilating into the heteronormative culture that pervaded the rural town she grew up in. "I started to question myself. Who was I? I wasn't into things that were traditionally masculine. Am I trans? Does that mean I'm gay?" she says of life before Maddy. Maddy adds that she was addicted to the confidence drag gave her. "I learned I can take a lot of those aspects and apply it to my daily life," she says. "As far as the gender stuff, I learned that all the things related to gender are arbitrary. I identify as a cisgender straight man, but I'm gender non-conforming in my presentation. I can go out, do drag, put on makeup and heels, but it doesn't alter who I am as a person or shape who or what I am."
TOPICS: RuPaul's Drag Race, VH1, Maddy Morphosis, LGBTQ, Reality TV
More RuPaul's Drag Race on Primetimer:
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RuPaul's Drag Race announces its first international all-star edition
RuPaul's Drag Race reveals its guest-judges, teases a Jennifer Lopez virtual appearance
RuPaul's Drag Race winner Sharon Needles accused of terrorizing a 15-year-old superfan
Dive Deeper: Visit the RuPaul's Drag Race page
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text:
How can Yoda identify Darth Bane?
In the final episode of season 6 of The Clone Wars, (spoilers)
The mystical priestesses conjure up an illusion of Darth Bane, the ancient Sith Lord who started the Rule of Two. Just by visual inspection, Yoda knows the ancient Sith Lord's name and that he was the one who started the Rule of Two.
Darth Bane was around roughly a century before Yoda was born. It also seems like all of the Jedi who ever encountered him did not live long enough to talk about it (for example, the duel on Typhon). By the time Darth Zannah took the mantle as Dark Lord of the the Sith, the Jedi were convinced that the Sith were extinct.
This question explains how the Jedi found out about the Rule of Two, but it doesn't explain how Yoda was able to learn about the identities of the members of the Order of the Sith Lords.
red_eightred_eight
I'm sure there were non-Jedi who saw Bane's appearance and lived to tell the fact. – DVK-on-Ahch-To Mar 31 '14 at 17:07
@DVK He was actually rather reclusive because of a condition he had. He sent Zannah out to do his bidding almost always. I don't recall any civilians living to talk about him either. On top of that, according to the question that I linked to, the Jedi did not find out about the Rule of Two until about 800 years after Bane died. So even if anyone who met him survived, they would have died long before the Jedi could find out about him. The only explanation I can think of, is that his existence was leaked by future Sith somehow. – red_eight Mar 31 '14 at 17:22
Darth Bane got his start before the Sith were so secretive, he was a leading member of the Brotherhood of Darkness which openly fought the Jedi. The book The Jedi Path, a guide to the Jedi Order supposedly written by some Jedi about a decade after the New Sith Wars and read by Yoda (whose annotations appear in the book along with those of other Jedi), has a section on Darth Bane on p. 148 which includes a picture, so it doesn't seem his appearance was a secret. The book does indicate that the Jedi thought he had died at the battle on Ruusan, saying:
In the war's last decade, Bane rose through the ranks of the Brotherhood of Darkness to challenge the leadership of Sith Lord Kaan. From the Sith prisoners in custody on Akrit'tar, we have learned that many of them considered Bane to be the Sith'ari—the culmination of a prophecy that foretold the rise of a perfect being. This divination, an inverted mirror of the Jedi prophecy of the Chosen One, reflected the Sith need to cast their hopes upon a savior as the Jedi Army of Light closed in on them. Bane's popularity split the ranks of the Sith Lords, causing them to lose focus and to surrender key ground at Ruusan. Ultimately, Lord Kaan knew he could not win and triggered a Thought Bomb. This unspeakable dark side weapon scorched the surface of Ruusan and drew the spirits of every combatant, Jedi and Sith, into its bottomless singularity.
Bane died with the rest of the Sith Lords on Ruusan, proving that not even the Sith'ari could sustain an order founded on aggression and greed.
HypnosiflHypnosifl
This is a good answer. It explains how Yoda knows about Darth Bane. But how does Yoda know that Darth Bane was the one who started the Rule of Two? – jliv902 Apr 4 '14 at 18:28
@jliv902 - good question. The "Rule of Two" article at starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Rule_of_Two says "Around 188 BBY, during the Dark Jedi Conflict, Kibh Jeen warned the Jedi that the Sith had survived and were operating utilizing the Rule of Two"--maybe Jeen also told them Bane was the originator? Certainly Yoda apparently knew of the Rule of Two at the time of Phantom Menace, and starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Kibh_Jeen says that the character was actually created to resolve a continuity conflict between that movie and the later idea that Bane created the Rule of Two as a secret. – Hypnosifl Apr 4 '14 at 18:49
@Hypnosifl +1, but as for jliv902's question, Kibh Jeen wasn't around until 800 years after Darth Bane died. The only explanation I can think of, is that his existence was leaked by future Sith somehow. – red_eight Apr 5 '14 at 4:32
@red_eight - I was assuming that if Kibh Jeen knew about the Rule of Two he must have heard it from a Sith (or someone else who heard it from a Sith, etc.), so that Sith could have told him that Bane started it as well. – Hypnosifl Apr 5 '14 at 16:54
This is just an idea, as there isn't an official answer yet, but I think a cool explanation would be that, given 188 BBY would about the time Darth Tenebrous would've been just plotting to overthrow his master and find his own apprentice, he could have learned about the dark Jedi conflict and sought Jeen out as his apprentice, revealing to him Darth Bane's new Sith order, but is forced to take on Plagueis instead when Jeen is killed. That way, Jeen's insane confessional to the Jedi on his death bed could contain all the knowledge necessary to make Yoda's recognizing of Darth Bane make sense.
Nick MoralesNick Morales
My guess is because Yoda was exceptionally skilled in seeing the past and future also spent much time in the Council unto which he could find him in the archives; for not all Jedi died from Darth Bane.
I don't know exactly who survived his carnage but there was one if not two who barely escaped with their lives. Yoda with his skill in the force could easily have foretold their past and then learned about Darth Bane.
Möoz
Anakin skywalkerAnakin skywalker
In the Darth Plagueis book, he explains to Palpatine that one of the later successors to Bane had a change of heart and babbled to the jedi about it all, but was ultimately defeated by his twiilek apprentice who carried on the Rule of Two legacy.
Gallifreyan
MaliMali
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged star-wars or ask your own question.
Is There A Canon Reason Why Yoda could Identify Darth Bane
When & how did Yoda come to know about the Rule of Two?
Does the "Rule of Two" actually exist in G or T Canon?
How did Mace Windu conclude that Darth Maul was a Sith?
How does Yoda know that the name of other Sith is Darth Sidious?
Is the title "Dark Lord of the Sith" reserved for the Sith Master?
Is Snoke associated with the Sith?
Was it really in "perfect accordance" with Darth Bane's teachings for Zannah to bring an ambush?
Why was the "No Darkside Ghosts" rule broken with the Nightsisters?
Was the ancient Sith Order as secretive as the Banite Sith Order?


text:
{ "291349": { "url": "/topic/international-trade", "shareUrl": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/international-trade", "title": "International trade" ,"gaExtraDimensions": {"3":"false"} } }
Mercantilism
Resurgence of protectionism
The "new" mercantilism
The theory of international trade
Comparative-advantage analysis
Simplified theory of comparative advantage
Amplification of the theory
Sources of comparative advantage
Factor endowments: the Heckscher-Ohlin theory
Economies of large-scale production
The product cycle
State interference in international trade
Methods of interference
How tariffs work
Measuring the effects of tariffs
Nontariff barriers
Protectionism in the less-developed countries
Arguments for and against interference
Protection of domestic industry
The infant-industry argument
The terms-of-trade argument
Balance-of-payments difficulties
Contemporary trade policies
Bilateral trade agreements
The most-favoured-nation clause
The "national treatment" clause
Multilateral agreements after World War II
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
The World Trade Organization
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Economic integration
Forms of integration
Intranational integration
Integration of colonial empires
The Zollverein
The Benelux Economic Union
The European Coal and Steel Community
The constitution of the community
Later developments
The European Economic Community
Formation of a customs union
Development of a common agricultural policy
Toward a harmonization of policies
The European Community
Operation of EFTA
EFTA's record
Economic integration in Latin America
The Central American Common Market
The Latin American Free Trade Association and the Latin American Integration Association
The Andean Group and the Andean Community of Nations
The Association of South East Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Regional arrangements and WTO rules
Patterns of trade
Degrees of national participation
Trade among developed countries
Trade between developed and developing countries
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Difficult problems frequently arise out of trade between developed and developing countries. Most less-developed countries have agriculture-based economies, and many are tropical, causing them to rely heavily upon the proceeds from export of one or two crops, such as coffee, cacao, or sugar. Markets for such goods are highly competitive (in the sense in which economists use the term competitive)—that is, prices are extremely sensitive to every change in demand or in supply. Conversely, the prices of manufactured goods, the typical exports of developed countries, are commonly much more stable. Hence, as the price of its export commodity fluctuates, the tropical country experiences large fluctuations in its "terms of trade," the ratio of export prices to import prices, often with painful effects on the domestic economy. With respect to almost all important primary commodities, efforts have been made at price stabilization and output control. These efforts have met with varied success.
Trade between developed and less-developed countries has been the subject of great controversy. Critics cite exploitation of foreign labour and of the environment and the abandonment of native labour needs as multinational corporations from developed countries transport business to countries with cheaper labour pools and relatively little economic or political clout. Especially after 1999, when trade talks were disrupted by globalization protesters during the WTO ministerial conference in Seattle, the work of the WTO came under increasing scrutiny from its critics. These critics voiced a number of concerns about the power and scope of the WTO, with the gravest criticisms clustering around issues such as environmental impact, health and safety, the rights of domestic workers, the democratic nature of the WTO, national sovereignty, and the long-term wisdom of endorsing commercialism and free trade to the neglect of other values.
Romney Robinson The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Service industry, an industry in that part of the economy that creates services rather than tangible objects. Economists divide all economic activity into two broad categories, goods and services. Goods-producing industries are agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and construction; each of them creates some kind of tangible object. Service industries include everything…
India: Trade
The volume of India's foreign trade, given the diversity of its economic base, is low. There is, moreover, a chronic and large foreign trade deficit, which is aggravated by substantial imports of smuggled goods, mostly luxuries.…
China: Trade
Trade has become an increasingly important part of China's overall economy, and it has been a significant tool used for economic modernization. The direction of China's foreign trade has undergone marked changes since the early 1950s. In 1950 some three-fourths of the total was…
France: Trade
Despite the Islamic conquests, Mediterranean commerce did not decline abruptly. In Gaul, goods such as papyrus, oil, and spices were imported from the East, and there were numerous colonies of Syrians. Currency continued to be based on the gold standard, and imperial units were…
Italy: Trade
Italy has a great trading tradition. Jutting out deeply into the Mediterranean Sea, the country occupies a position of strategic importance, enhancing its trading potential not only with eastern Europe but also with North Africa and the Middle East. Italy has historically maintained active…
International Monetary Fund - International Trade: Commerce Among Nations
The Library of Economics and Liberty - International Trade
international trade - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)


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The heroes wait patiently at the factory. To be more exact, they're waiting impatiently! Odd is late with no explanation. Fortunately he arrives with a concrete excuse; one of his classmates had managed to crack the newest game release, not even commercially available. Jeremy scoffs the announcement and announces good news to the group: he and Aelita have reprogrammed the Skidbladnir. In a short while, the heroes will be able to return to the network and go to the supposed Replika housing XANA.
Leaving via the tunnel in the park, the heroes come across William. He is indignant. He had completely understood that his "friends" were returning to the factory and he suspects something was wrong with XANA.
Then came their disappointing announcement, while he thought he had proven himself, Ulrich and Odd treated him very coldly, reminding him of his stupid behaviour during his first mission on Lyoko and the fact that he was "captured like a rookie." The group disperses but Yumi feels bad about the way the others have treated William.
Upon returning to Kadic, Odd goes to a secret meeting in the shadow of the cafeteria. He buys his hacked game for €20. However, while his contact disappears, Odd is trapped in the room by Jim, coming to close the door. Out of simple bad luck, his phone wasn't receiving any reception.
At the factory, out of patient, the others decide to go in without him. Yumi, Ulrich and Aelita travel to Sector Five. Moved, they find the Skid for the first time since its destruction by the Kolossus. They then go to the Digital Sea. Rapidly traversing the vast expanses of the network through a hub, they quickly arrive in view of the virtual world in while Jeremy had detected activity from XANA. This is unusual; its outer shell is covered with growths of all kinds, as if it was bristling with spikes. Jeremy cracks the entry code without much trouble. The heroes enter.
At the same time, Odd, still trapped in the cafeteria, is heard by William. The captive asks Dunbar to tell someone so he can be let out. William, still hurt by their exchange that very morning, retorts ironically not to worry. He leaves, having understood that Odd's concern is because the rest of the group is in the factory on a mission.
The Lyoko Warriors, exiting the Digital Sea, discover the new virtual world: the Cortex. It was no ordinary Replika; this world was composed of one unique sector. It didn't correspond with anything they'd seen before. Immense floating platforms were organised around a large sphere resembling a nucleus. The visit commences. A serious and dark noise resonates throughout the sector. It then begins to move. The platforms diverge and come together, merge and separate.
Yumi crashes with her Overwing into a wall which had suddenly appeared in front of her. Her devirtualisation is immediate. She does not appear back in the scanners. Jeremy realises that they need to get the codes to allow them to return the Japanese girl to Earth. Ulrich and Aelita hurry on the Overbike in the direction of the core of the Cortex. On the way, the floor opens up just in front of the Overbike. The motorbike crashes against a wall, Ulrich falls to the floor and is devritualised like Yumi; Aelita, all alone, is in flight thanks to her wings.
At Kadic, Jim finally frees Odd from the cafeteria. When the teacher tells the boy that William never came to see him, Odd runs to the factory in rage, realising what William had done. Jim takes out his notebook and gives ten hours of detention to Della Robbia.
The situation returns to focus on Aelita. As well as the sector moving, Krabes had come to block her way. Nonetheless, the arrival of William made a massive effect. The ex-XANA warrior destroys all the monsters in record time with superb martial arts forms and sweeping blows with his sword and Supersmoke.
William and Aelita then approach the core, closed by a powerful door. Not even William's sword can damage it…but after attempting, the door opens all by itself.
New Krabes appear. William sends Aelita into the core while he stays to take care of the Krabes. He's then joined by Odd and the battle commences on several fronts. On one hand, Odd and William give the monsters a good beating, on the other, Odd wants so much to do it to William as well that the two almost end up fighting, not hesitating to make low blows.
In the core, Aelita uses teleporters that take her to a nebula-like room. She there discovers an interface and connects to find the rematerialisation codes for her friends. Dozens of images begin to flash before her eyes. These are images of the real world. While Aelita finds the codes, an image appears and stays on the screen; a photo of Franz Hopper, her late father.
The door of the core starts to close again and Aelita is conflicted to leave. On Earth, the codes work; Ulrich and Yumi reappear in the scanners.
Upon return to the real world, the heroes make a reluctant reconciliation with William. Aelita asks herself why a photo of her father had appeared in the Cortex.
- XANA has survived in a virtual world called the Cortex. The heroes reprogram the Skidbladnir to access it. The Cortex is very different from Lyoko, composed of moving platforms and a Core.
- Once the Skid is inside the Cortex, the heroes can virtualise directly into the virtual world using the Skid as a relay.
- During Yumi's virtualisation sequence, she's already wearing her Transwatch while Jeremy programs them in the next episode.
- Odd pays for the pirated game with a 20 Euro note.
- The code used to unlock the entryway to the Cortex is 25062003. This is a date: 25th of June 2003. It's revealed later that this date is significant.
> See the episode file in question.
Jeremy: I'm programming you a vehicle.
William: No need… I've got something better… I think I kept a little souvenir from my time with XANA.
Ulrich: You don't know what you're missing, Odd… Come on, hurry up and join us!
Aelita: I think I have the Core in my sights.
William: The Cortex is amazing! But where's Aelita?
Aelita: He saved my life and I'm on the brink of attacking him with a ball of energy… That was close!
Odd: Here I come!!! William, you'd better hide!
Aelita: All this data…these images…could it be…?


text:
"Indian Society Has Been Constructed to Systemically Benefit Upper Castes": Yashica Dutt
Having hidden her identity for years, Yashica Dutt revealed her caste publicly in solidarity with fellow Dalits at the receiving end of casteism.
By Neha Kirpal
In 2016, New York-based writer-journalist Yashica Dutt 'came out' on Facebook as a Dalit in response to Hyderabad PhD scholar Rohith Vemula's suicide, which many have labelled an "institutional murder" after he protested against the casteist policies of Hyderabad University. In 2019, she wrote her memoir Coming Out as Dalit (Aleph Book Company) about growing up with the inhumane label of being low caste looming over her family.
She talks to us about how the book came about, her thoughts on coming to terms with her Dalit identity, and the existence of caste discrimination in modern society.
What triggered you to write your book?
Rohith Vemula left a very moving suicide note which I read while living in New York. It made me question my own privilege as a Dalit person who was able to hide her identity. I questioned myself about what I was doing with all my education and experience as a journalist. I decided to change the narrative of how Dalits were discussed.
Until even five years ago, the only way Dalits were talked about was via reservation [in education and government jobs] – whether it should or should not be there, or in terms of atrocities against them. If you looked at any mainstream newspaper or website until then, all the comments under Dalit conversations were just trolls.
As a journalist, I wanted to create a story that was different, a story that was owned by us, where Dalits could dictate how we wanted to be written about – in a human way, not a unidimensional one. That's why I launched the blog The Documents of Dalit Discrimination.
It was meant to be a safe space where Dalits like myself could talk about our stories, our traumas, our histories and take pride in it and talk about what it feels like to be a Dalit person living in India, hiding our identity all our lives and feeling ashamed for it. I got a lot of responses from Dalits who said their story was similar to mine and how being Dalit had forced them to change their professions, cities, sometimes hiding, and even giving up their relationships.
Until then, I too was hiding my past. So, I decided to come out on a Facebook note, which went viral. After that, I wrote a bunch of articles about what it means to be a Dalit person, a journalist who is Dalit. Finally, the book happened.
How hard was it for you to announce your Dalit identity to your friends?
I announced my identity when I was in New York where my caste didn't matter much. But when I was back home in Delhi, very few of my friends knew I was lower caste. I was very insecure that they wouldn't want to be my friend if they found out.
I remember sitting with a friend of mine and telling her about my identity. She started laughing when I told her, and asked if that was my big secret. "You sound like you committed murder and need help with burying a body!" she exclaimed. That gave me a lot of courage and I felt supported in who I was. It was one of the first times I felt like I didn't have to be ashamed.
There were negative experiences as well. When I was 15, a friend of mine stopped speaking to me when I told her and her parents that I was from a Scheduled Caste.
Yashica signing copies of her book in Delhi
What was the reaction your book got?
Of course, people trolled me online and said that I am doing this for attention. But I'm just doing my job as a journalist, writing the story that I feel matters to me the most, a story that needs to be told. The positive reactions to the book have been overwhelming from both Dalits and non-Dalits. I wanted to write a book that a 15-year-old Dalit can use as a resource to stand up for themselves when they are being bullied for availing reservation.
Fortunately, that's what happened. A lot of children in high schools and colleges wrote to me and said that this is the first time they are able to understand and articulate why what others are saying is a wrong, invalid argument. It was the first time they read something that made them proud and gave them courage, and they saw themselves being represented positively in media or culture.
Yashica Dutt with academician and social scientist Kancha Ilaiah
What are some of the instances of discrimination you have faced in workplaces in urban India?
Casteism is present everywhere, whether in rural or urban India, especially now. You have to just open a newspaper to see how casteist things are, especially matrimonial ads. There are also Brahmin-only restaurants that claim to serve 'pure food', which means vegetarian. Very often, people don't allow a person who collects garbage inside their homes or kitchens. In some workplaces, people don't want to share food with a Dalit colleague. Lots of Dalit people have issues in finding houses for rent. Such discrimination has become so normalised that it doesn't even strike us as caste-based discrimination.
Your writings have shown that the evils of casteism have spread in modern society. Is our education system to be blamed?
I think it's a societal problem and how modern Indian society has been constructed to systemically benefit and favour upper castes – whether it's the laws, university structures, who we are giving business loans to, and who are the bureaucrats. The evils of casteism were always there, they never went away. The education system doesn't teach much about what systemic caste system or racism looks like, but I wouldn't entirely blame education. The media too is to be blamed in how they cover these issues.
Yashica in conversation with author Keshava Guha at Tata Steel Kolkata Literary Meet in January 2020
What do you think of the relevance of Dr BR Ambedkar's writings today?
Ambedkar wrote about ideas that were centuries ahead of him. In his first paper about the caste system, he wrote in detail about how it is rooted in religion, and why it spread the way it has in India. He did all that research more than a hundred years ago. Even back then, he talked about the absolute equality of all human beings – no matter what religion or caste they belong to. These are modern ideas that have not lost their currency just because we are in 2020.
In fact, look at what's happening in India right now. The Constitution that was mostly framed by Dr Ambedkar is the most relevant document in India till date. But thanks to the upper-class bias in education, Dr Ambedkar has been sidelined to the backlogs of history for a long time. I'm really glad that people are rediscovering that and understanding how and why Ambedkar has always been relevant.
Why do you think modern young Indian writers, except for a few, have failed to write on the complexities of the caste system and Dalit subjugation?
Unless casteism is causing violence or Dalits to lose their lives, Indian societies don't fully acknowledge just how dangerous caste system is. Most upper-caste people never have to confront the reality of being Dalit. We as Dalits should be telling more individual stories about our family histories and the histories of our community.
First published in eShe's February 2020 issue
Tagsactivist • author • book • br ambedkar • brahmin • caste discrimination • caste system • castesim • coming out • dalit • discrimination • education • india • Indian women • lower caste • neha kirpal • religion • rohith vemula • speaking out • subjugation • suicide • upper caste • urban india • women's magazine • women's voices • yashica dutt
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Q: Sort a 2-dimensional array I have a 2-dimensional double array and I want to sort it based on the second column. I wrote this code, but I got this error in the last line "double can not be dereferenced". It seems it works with string but not for array. any help appreciated.
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class Sort {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        //Array to sort
        double[][] X = new double[][]{
                {1.2,2,1,3.1},
                {1,2.7,3.3},
                {1,2.3,3.1},
                {1.5,3.2,2.4};

        //Sort the array by column 2
        Arrays.sort(X, new ColumnComparator(2));
    }
}

//Class that extends Comparator
class ColumnComparator implements Comparator {
    int columnToSort;
    ColumnComparator(int columnToSort) {
        this.columnToSort = columnToSort;
    }
//overriding compare method
    public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
        double[] row1 = (double[]) o1;
    double[] row2 = (double[]) o2;
    //compare the columns to sort
    return row1[columnToSort].compareTo(row2[columnToSort]);
}

A: I suppose you forgot, in the code you wrote, to switch back to double in your comparator... (I mean, as you said you tried with String and it worked, I suppose that is why there remains some strange String[] that clearly should not be there)
If I assume I should read double[] row1 = (double[])o1, then the problem is that you can't call .compareTo on a double. You should just substract the values.

A: public class SecondColumnComparator implements Comparator<double[]> {
    @Override
    public int compare(double[] row1, double[] row2) {
        return Double.compare(row1[1], row2[1]);
        // or, before Java 7:
        // return Double.valueOf(row1[1]).compareTo(Double.valueOf(row2[1]));
    }
}


text:
Home Sports Basketball Tony Bailey Named CAU Women's Basketball Acting Head Coach
Tony Bailey Named CAU Women's Basketball Acting Head Coach
Clark Atlanta University assistant women's basketball coach Tony Bailey has been named acting head coach for the Lady Panthers while head coach Yolanda Moore remains on an official leave of absence.
Bailey was Moore's lead assistant during a 2017-2018 season in which the Lady Panthers won the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference East Division regular season title and the SIAC Women's Basketball Tournament championship. The Lady Panthers earned an NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament bid and finished the season with a 20-9 record.
Before coming to CAU, Bailey spent three seasons as an assistant women's basketball coach at his alma mater, the University of West Georgia. A native of Villa Rica, Ga., Bailey was a national NJCAA All-American and All-Region player for East Central Community College (MS) from 1991-1992 before going to Murray State University and then the University of West Georgia. At West Georgia, Bailey was the nation's third-leading scorer, averaging 25.2 points per game and helping West Georgia to a conference championship and an NCAA tournament appearance in 1994.
Bailey earned his bachelor's degree in sport management and psychology from West Georgia and his master's degree in sport management with a concentration in Athletic Administration from Southern New Hampshire University.
Clark Atlanta University
Tony Bailey
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