text:
\section{Introduction}

Accurate prediction of atomic properties is crucial for many
applications, ranging from tests of fundamental physics
\cite{Yb,PruRamPor15} to building ultra-precise atomic clocks
\cite{Sr}. In recent years, atoms and ions with more complicated
electronic structure, including lanthanides and actinides
were in the focus of many studies
\cite{lli,hol,er1,Dy-alpha2,lu,cf,SDFS14}. In particular,
highly-charged ions (HCI) with open $nf$-shells have been suggested
for the design of high-precision atomic clocks and the search for the
variation of the fine-structure constant \cite{BDF10,BerDzuFla11b}.
These applications require  accurate predictions of transition
wavelengths and other atomic properties, motivating further
development of high-precision atomic methodologies.

It is well known that three-particle interactions play important
role in nuclear physics. Such interactions arise, for example,
because of the internal structure of the nucleons, see
\Fref{fig_3n}.a. If the nucleon $c$ polarizes the nucleon $b$, then
interaction of the latter with the third nucleon $a$ is modified. In
atomic physics we deal with point-like electrons and such mechanism
of generating effective three-particle interactions is absent.
However, atoms have electronic shell structure and interactions
between valence electrons are modified by the stronger bound core
electrons, which form a kind of inhomogeneous dielectric medium.
This is known as the core-polarization, or the screening effect and is
described by the diagrams of the type of \Fref{fig_3n}.b. The loop
in this diagram includes the sums over  all core states $n$ and all
possible states $\alpha$ above the core. However, some of the states
$\alpha$ can be occupied by valence electrons and should be excluded
due to the Pauli principle. This leads to the diagram
\Fref{fig_3n}.c, which cancels contributions of the states
$\alpha=b,b'$ in the diagram \Fref{fig_3n}.b. Therefore we can say
that three-electron interactions (TEI) between valence electrons
appear because core polarizability depends on the presence of the
valence electrons. Note that TEI are also considered in
condensed matter physics, see, e.~g.\ \cite{MaHo12}.

The diagram \Fref{fig_3n}.c (and its possible permutations) is the
only three-electron diagram in the second order of the many-body
perturbation theory (MBPT) in residual two-electron interaction. In
the case of initial three electron state $(a,b,c)$ and final state
$(a',b',c')$ there are 36 diagrams, which differ by permutations of
these states. This number rapidly grows with the number of valence
electrons and the number of valence configurations, which are
included in the calculation. As a result, the total contributions of
such diagrams for polyvalent atoms may be large.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{./3n-diagram}
\hfill
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{./2e-diagram}
\hfill
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{./3e-diagram}
\end{center}
\caption{Effective interactions. (a) Complex particles: the particle $c$
polarizes the particle $b$, which then interacts with the particle $a$; (b)
Screened interaction: the particle $c$ polarizes the core and interacts
with the particle $a$; (c) The particles $a$, $b$, and $c$ interact through
the excitation of the core.} \label{fig_3n}
\end{figure}

Effective TEI described by the diagram \Fref{fig_3n}.c were
introduced in Ref.\ \cite{DFK96b} within the CI+MBPT approach. This
approach combines the configuration interaction (CI) method for treating
valence correlations with MBPT for core-valence and core-core
correlations. Since then this method was used for calculations of
various properties of polyvalent atoms with several closed core
shells \cite{DFKP98,KP99,KPJ01,SJ02,Dzu05a,Dzu05b,Sav16}. Later, a
CI+AO (all order) method was developed in
\cite{Koz04,SKJJ09,PKST16}. It includes higher-order core valence
correlations by combining configuration interaction and linearized
coupled-cluster approach.

In Ref.\ \cite{DFK96b} neutral Tl was calculated as a three-valence atom and
TEI contribution to the valence energy was found to be very small, on the order of
10 cm$^{-1}$, leading to the omission of TEI contributions in a vast majority of
later calculations. The reason for the suppression of the TEI contribution is
clear from Fig.\ \ref{fig_3n}.c: valence orbitals $b$ and $b'$ typically have
very small overlap with all core orbitals $n$. However, this is not always the
case. When valence $d$, or $f$ shells are filled, they may have relatively
large overlap with the outermost core shell, which in these cases has the same
principal quantum number. In Ref.\ \cite{BFK08} TEI corrections to the
transitions frequencies of Ti$^+$ were found to be from 100 to 200 cm$^{-1}$. The
ground configuration of Ti$^+$ is $3d^2 4s$ and the outermost core shell is
$3p$. The $3d$ and $3p$ shells are not spatially separated and have
significant overlap, resulting in the enhancement of the TEI contributions.

As we noted above, there is significant recent interest in HCI with
optical transitions between the states of configurations with $4f$
and $5f$ electrons \cite{BDF10,BerDzuFla11b}. Two very important
experimental steps toward development of new frequency standards
with these systems and subsequent application to the search for a
possible variation of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ were
recently completed. First,  predicted $5s$ - $4f$ transitions were
detected in a number of HCI \cite{WLBO15}. Second, sympathetic
cooling of Ar$^{13+}$ with Be$^+$ was demonstrated
\cite{SchVerSch15} paving the way to placing the highly-charged ions
on the same footing as the singly-charged ions such as Al$^+$
currently used for optical atomic clocks \cite{CHKW10}.

Recent work \cite{SDFS14} identified 10 HCI with very narrow optical
transitions, where high precision spectroscopy is possible. All
these ions have atomic cores with 46 electrons $[1s^2\dots 4d^{10}]$
and one to four valence electrons from the $4f$, $5s$, and $5p$
shells. Five ions from this list have three valence electrons:
Ce$^{9+}$, Pr$^{10+}$, Nd$^{11+}$, Sm$^{13+}$, and Eu$^{14+}$. Their
ground configurations are either $5s^2 5p$, or $5s^2 4f$. Pr$^{9+}$
and Nd$^{10+}$ have four valence electrons with ground state
configurations $5s^2 5p^2$ and $5s^2 4f^2$, respectively. We expect
that valence $4f$ orbitals have large overlap with the core shell
$4d$, significantly enhancing three-particle interactions. Since
prediction of accurate transition energies in these highly-charged
ions is crucial for rapid experimental progress, it is important to
evaluate the TEI contributions in these systems, which have been so
far omitted in all relevant HCI calculations.

In this paper we study the role of such effective three-electron interactions
in the spectra of polyvalent atoms and ions. Below we calculate TEI
corrections to transition frequencies of the following ions: Ce$^{9+}$,
Pr$^{9+,10+}$, Nd$^{10+,11+}$, Sm$^{13+}$, and Eu$^{14+}$. We also calculate properties of
the U$^{2+}$ ion as an example of the tetravalent system with the partially filled
$5f$ shell \cite{SaSaSa16}. We find that TEI corrections to the valence
energies are typically of the order of few hundred cm$^{-1}$ in these systems,
but may exceed a thousand cm$^{-1}$. In some cases this is enough to change
the order of low-lying levels significantly affecting theoretical predictions.

\section{Theory}

We use Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian in the no-pair approximation
\cite{Suc80,LKD93}. Low-lying levels of ions are found with the CI+AO method
\cite{SKJJ09}. In this method, the core-valence and core-core correlations are
treated using the linearized coupled-cluster method in the single-double
approximation \cite{BJS91,SJD99} instead of the second order MBPT used in the
CI+MBPT approach. A complete treatment of the TEI at the CI+AO level involves
modification of the TEI diagrams in Fig.\ \ref{fig_3n}.c to the form presented
in Fig.\ \ref{fig_3cluster}, where one Coulomb-Breit interaction is
substituted by the respective cluster core-valence amplitude \cite{Koz04}.
However, we find it sufficient to carry out CI+AO calculations of
the wavefunctions and then treat TEI corrections within the second
order MBPT for the systems of interest.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{./3e-cluster}
\end{center}
\caption{The effective three-electron interaction in the coupled-cluster
approximation. Double vertical line corresponds to the two-electron
core-valence cluster amplitude. Such amplitudes are found by solving
standard cluster equations \cite{SKJJ09}. Then, the TEI diagrams are
evaluated using the resulting cluster amplitudes.}
\label{fig_3cluster}
\end{figure}

Our initial approximation corresponds to the Hartree-Fock potential
of the core, $V^{N_c}$, where $N_c$ is the number of core electrons.
Such approximation completely neglects interactions between valence
electrons and may be too crude for some neutral polyvalent atoms
\cite{PKST16}, but is sufficiently good for HCIs. Next, we form an
effective Hamiltonian for valence electrons:
\begin{equation}
 H_{\rm eff}(E) = H_{\rm FC} + \Sigma(E), \label{Heff1}
\end{equation}
where $H_{\rm FC}$ is the Hamiltonian in the frozen-core
approximation, which includes Coulomb-Breit interactions between
valence electrons and the core potential $V^{N_c}$.

The energy-dependent operator $\Sigma(E)$ accounts for the core polarization
effects, such as in Fig.\ \ref{fig_3n}.b. In the second order of MBPT this
operator is a three-electron operator. In higher orders it is the
$N_v$-electron operator, where $N_v$ is the number of valence electrons (we
assume that $N_v\ge 3$ and $N=N_c+N_v$ is the total number of electrons in the
system). At this stage we neglect three-electron and many-electron
interactions and consider operator $\Sigma$ as a two-electron operator.
Explicit expressions for $\Sigma$ are given in Refs.\ \cite{DFK96b,SKJJ09}.
We use the Davidson algorithm to find $L$ lowest eigenvalues and
eigenfunctions of the operator $H_{\rm eff}$ (typically $L\sim 10$).

Selection rules for three-electron matrix elements are much weaker
than for two-electron ones and the number of nonzero matrix elements
of the effective Hamiltonian drastically increases. Consequently,
the matrix becomes less sparse. Forming and diagonalizing such
matrix in a complete configurational space is impractically
time-consuming. Instead, we include TEI by forming a small $L\times
L$ matrix using eigenfunctions from the previous stage of the
computation. Diagonalization of this matrix gives us eigenvalues
with TEI corrections. This approach radically reduces the number of
required three-electron diagrams without significant loss of
accuracy.

\section{Results and discussion}

\subsection{In-like and Sn-like HCI with narrow optical transitions}

For In-like Ce$^{9+}$, Pr$^{10+}$, Nd$^{11+}$, Sm$^{13+}$, and
Eu$^{14+}$ ions (49 electrons) and for Sn-like Pr$^{9+}$ and
Nd$^{10+}$ ions (50 electrons) we use the results of previous CI+AO
calculations with Dirac-Coulomb-Breit two-electron effective
Hamiltonian described in detail in Refs.\ \cite{SDFS14a} and
\cite{SDFS14b} respectively. In-like ions were calculated in
\cite{SDFS14a} in two approximations, either as systems with  one,
or three valence electrons. Similarly, Sn-like ions were treated in
\cite{SDFS14b} as systems with two, or four valence electrons.
Calculations with three and four valence electrons include
correlations more completely and are expected to be more accurate.
On the other hand, in these approximations we need to include TEI
contributions. In this work, we use eigenfunctions obtained in
\cite{SDFS14,SDFS14a,SDFS14b} and add TEI corrections as discussed
above.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[c] {30mm}
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{./3e-block}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[c] {30mm}
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{./3e_example}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
 $\,$
\end{center}
\caption{TEI for the case of the valence $4f$ electron and the $4d$ core
shell. Left panel: selection rules for the $4d$-$4f$ vertex require odd
multipoles $K,K'$ for the Coulomb interaction. Right panel: example of the
nonzero diagram for the configuration $5s4f^2$. Selection rules for the $5s^2
4f$ and $4f^3$ configurations require even multipoles and prohibit vertexes
with $4d$ core shell electrons; thus, for these configuration the $4d$
contribution to TEI diagrams vanishes.}
 \label{fig_3example}
\end{figure}

Trivalent ions considered in this work  have the following low-lying
valence configurations with $4f$ electrons: $5s^2 4f$, $5s4f^2$, and
$4f^3$. Fig.\ \ref{fig_3example} illustrates that the contribution
from the uppermost $4d$ core shell in TEI diagrams vanishes for the
$5s^2 4f$ and $4f^3$ configurations. Therefore, we can expect large
TEI corrections only for the $5s4f^2$ configuration. In Ce$^{9+}$,
Pr$^{10+}$, and Nd$^{11+}$ this configuration lies very high and is
not of interest  to clock applications. Only in Sm$^{13+}$ this
configuration is within the optical range transition from the ground
configuration $5s^2 4f$. In Eu$^{14+}$ the $5s4f^2$ configuration
becomes the ground one. Consequently, the TEI corrections to the
energies of the low-lying levels of Ce$^{9+}$, Pr$^{10+}$, and
Nd$^{11+}$ are rather small, but become much larger for Sm$^{13+}$
and Eu$^{14+}$. For the former group of ions these corrections are
on the order of 100 cm$^{-1}$ or less, but for the latter group they
exceed 500 cm$^{-1}$.

\begin{figure*}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{./Nd10-3e}
\hfill
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{./Eu15-3e}
\hfill
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{./U2-3e}
\end{center}
\caption{(color online) Level diagrams of Nd$^{10+}$, Eu$^{14+}$, and U$^{2+}$
ions with and without TEI corrections. Solid red lines -- levels of even
parity; dashed blue -- odd parity. Vertical arrow in the central panel shows
two strongly interacting levels.}
 \label{fig_U2spectrum}
\end{figure*}

Results of our calculations for HCI with three valence electrons are
presented in Table \ref{Tab_3e_HCI}. The spectrum of Eu$^{14+}$ is also
shown in the central panel of Fig.\ \ref{fig_U2spectrum}. The TEI
corrections shift levels of the odd parity down by approximately 500
cm$^{-1}$, with the only exception of one level at the top of the
plot. For this level there is large non-diagonal TEI interaction
with the lower level of the same $J$ and parity. This interaction
is shown by the vertical arrow.

\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{Calculated low-lying levels of Ce$^{9+}$, Pr$^{10+}$,
Nd$^{11+}$, Sm$^{13+}$, and Eu$^{14+}$. Column 4 lists excitation
energies in the CI+AO approximation from Ref.\ \cite{SDFS14a}. TEI
corrections to the valence energy and respective shifts relative to
the ground state are given in columns 5 and 6. Last column
presents final calculated spectra. All values are in cm$^{-1}$.}
 \label{Tab_3e_HCI}
 \begin{tabular}{cccrrrr}
 \hline\hline
 \multicolumn{1}{c}{Ion}
 &
 \multicolumn{1}{c}{Config.}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$J$}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{CI+AO}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{TEI}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\Delta_\mathrm{TEI}$}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Total}
 \\
 \hline\\[-3mm]
 Ce$^{9+}$ & $5s^2 5p$ & $\tfrac12$  &     0 &$  171$&$    0$&     0 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p$ & $\tfrac32$  & 33436 &$  177$&$    6$& 33442 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f$ & $\tfrac52$  & 55694 &$  126$&$  -45$& 55649 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f$ & $\tfrac72$  & 58239 &$  121$&$  -50$& 58189 \\[0.5mm]
 \hline\\[-3mm]
 Pr$^{10+}$& $5s^2 5p$ & $\tfrac12$  &     0 &$  183$&$    0$&     0 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f$ & $\tfrac52$  &  4496 &$  147$&$  -36$&  4460 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f$ & $\tfrac72$  &  7817 &$  141$&$  -42$&  7776 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p$ & $\tfrac32$  & 39127 &$  190$&$    7$& 39134 \\[0.5mm]
 \hline\\[-3mm]
 Nd$^{11+}$& $5s^2 4f$ & $\tfrac52$  &     0 &$  167$&$    0$&     0 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f$ & $\tfrac72$  &  4173 &$  160$&$   -7$&  4167 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p$ & $\tfrac12$  & 52578 &$  198$&$   31$& 52609 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p$ & $\tfrac32$  & 97945 &$  205$&$   39$& 97984 \\[0.5mm]
 \hline\\[-3mm]
 Sm$^{13+}$& $5s^2 4f$ & $\tfrac52$  &     0 &$  205$&$    0$&     0 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f$ & $\tfrac72$  &  6165 &$  197$&$   -8$&  6157 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ &$\tfrac{11}2$& 22521 &$  530$&$  326$& 22847 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ &$\tfrac32   $& 24774 &$  531$&$  326$& 25100 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ &$\tfrac{13}2$& 28135 &$  527$&$  322$& 28458 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ & $\tfrac52$  & 31470 &$  528$&$  324$& 31794 \\[0.5mm]
 \hline\\[-3mm]
 Eu$^{14+}$& $5s 4f^2$ & $\tfrac72$  &     0 &$  574$&$    0$&     0 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ & $\tfrac92$  &  2592 &$  575$&$    1$&  2593 \\[0.5mm]
           & $   4f^3$ & $\tfrac72$  &  4235 &$ -126$&$ -700$&  3535 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ &$\tfrac{11}2$&  6694 &$  569$&$   -4$&  6690 \\[0.5mm]
           & $   4f^3$ &$\tfrac{11}2$&  8348 &$ -115$&$ -689$&  7659 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ &$\tfrac32   $&  9664 &$  571$&$   -3$&  9662 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ &$\tfrac{13}2$& 11259 &$  565$&$   -9$& 11250 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s 4f^2$ & $\tfrac52$  & 11410 &$  570$&$   -3$& 11407 \\[0.5mm]
           & $   4f^3$ &$\tfrac{11}2$& 12583 &$ -110$&$ -684$& 11900 \\[0.5mm]
 \hline\hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{Calculated low-lying levels of Pr$^{9+}$ and Nd$^{10+}$
(cm$^{-1}$). Notations are the same as in  Table \ref{Tab_3e_HCI}.}
 \label{Tab_4e_HCI}
 \begin{tabular}{cccrrrr}
 \hline\hline
 \multicolumn{1}{c}{Ion}
 &
 \multicolumn{1}{c}{Config.}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\,\,J\,$}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{CI+AO}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{TEI}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\Delta_\mathrm{TEI}$}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Total}
 \\
 \hline\\[-3mm]
 Pr$^{9+}$ & $5s^2 5p^2$ & 0 &     0 &$  571$&$    0$&     0 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p4f$ & 3 & 22918 &$  544$&$  -28$& 22891 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p4f$ & 2 & 25022 &$  874$&$  303$& 25325 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p4f$ & 3 & 28023 &$  692$&$  121$& 28143 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p^2$ & 1 & 28422 &$  606$&$   34$& 28456 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p4f$ & 4 & 30370 &$  396$&$ -175$& 30195 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p^2$ & 2 & 36459 &$  720$&$  149$& 36607 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p4f$ & 3 & 56234 &$  869$&$  298$& 56532 \\[0.5mm]
 \hline\\[-3mm]
 Nd$^{10+}$& $5s^2 5p4f$ & 3 &     0 &$  534$&$    0$&     0 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f^2$ & 4 &   454 &$ 1115$&$  581$&  1035 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f^2$ & 2 &  3580 &$  828$&$  293$&  3873 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f^2$ & 5 &  3512 &$ 1104$&$  569$&  4081 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p4f$ & 3 &  5910 &$  772$&$  238$&  6147 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f^2$ & 6 &  6669 &$ 1093$&$  559$&  7228 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 5p4f$ & 4 &  7316 &$  698$&$  164$&  7480 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5s^2 4f^2$ & 2 &  8320 &$  975$&$  441$&  8761 \\[0.5mm]
 \hline\hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{table}

Tetravalent Pr$^{9+}$ and Nd$^{10+}$ ions have low-lying $5s^2
5p^2$, $5s^2 5p4f$, and $5s^2 4f^2$ configurations. There are no contributions of the
uppermost core shell $4d$ to the TEI diagrams for the pure $5s^2 5p^2$
configuration. On the other hand, the configuration interaction for these ions is
stronger than for three electron ions and the $4d$ shell contributes even to those
levels, which nominally belong to the $5s^2 5p^2$ configuration. Moreover, the
number of permutations of the TEI diagrams for four-electron ions is larger
leading to an additional enhancement of the TEI corrections. Our results are
presented in Table \ref{Tab_4e_HCI}. Spectrum of Nd$^{10+}$ is also shown in
Fig.\ \ref{fig_U2spectrum}. We see that TEI corrections for all configurations
are positive and large, on the order of 1000 cm$^{-1}$. Respective energy shifts
relative to the ground state are significantly smaller, about 600 cm$^{-1}$, or
less. We conclude that the size of TEI corrections for Pr$^{9+}$ and
Nd$^{10+}$ is not so sensitive to the leading configuration and, therefore, is
less predictable based on the selection rule arguments, since it is
significantly affected by the configuration interaction.

\subsection{The U$^{2+}$ ion}

\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{Calculated levels of U$^{2+}$ (cm$^{-1}$). Eight lowest levels of
each parity are listed. Notations are the same as in Table \ref{Tab_3e_HCI}.}
 \label{Tab_U2}
 \begin{tabular}{cccrrrr}
 \hline\hline
 \multicolumn{1}{c}{Ion}
 &
 \multicolumn{1}{c}{Config.}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\,\,J\,$}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{CI+AO}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{TEI}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\Delta_\mathrm{TEI}$}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Total}
 \\
 \hline\\[-3mm]
  U$^{2+}$ & $6d   5f^3$ & 6 &     0 &$  679$&$    0$&     0 \\[0.5mm]
           & $6d   5f^3$ & 5 &   567 &$  680$&$  -13$&   568 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^4     $ & 4 &  2294 &$  -45$&$ -724$&  1571 \\[0.5mm]
           & $6d   5f^3$ & 3 &  3890 &$  972$&$  130$&  4184 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^3 7s  $ & 7 &  4324 &$  698$&$   80$&  4344 \\[0.5mm]
           & $6d   5f^3$ & 4 &  3769 &$ 1393$&$  333$&  4483 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^4     $ & 5 &  5238 &$  -44$&$ -723$&  4515 \\[0.5mm]
           & $6d   5f^3$ & 6 &  4698 &$  704$&$ -181$&  4724 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^3 7s  $ & 5 &  4771 &$ 1482$&$  145$&  5575 \\[0.5mm]
           & $6d   5f^3$ & 4 &  6276 &$  352$&$  304$&  5949 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^4     $ & 6 &  7886 &$  -48$&$ -727$&  7159 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^4     $ & 7 & 10221 &$  -76$&$ -755$&  9466 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^4     $ & 4 & 10722 &$  149$&$ -529$& 10192 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^4     $ & 3 & 11677 &$  369$&$ -309$& 11368 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^4     $ & 8 & 12345 &$ -115$&$ -794$& 11551 \\[0.5mm]
           & $5f^4     $ & 3 & 12660 &$  355$&$ -324$& 12336 \\[0.5mm]
 \hline\hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{table}

In this section we consider U$^{2+}$ as an example of an ion with the partially
filled $5f$ shell. This ion has 4 valence electrons and the $[1s^2 \dots
5d^{10} 6s^2 6p^6]$ core. Low-lying configurations include $5f^3 6d$, $5f^3
7s$, and $5f^4$. Here, two valence orbitals have large overlap with the core:
$5f$ overlaps with the $5d$ shell, while $6d$ overlaps with the $6p$ shell. As a
result, the TEI corrections are very large for the $5f^3 6d$ and $5f^3 7s$
configurations. For the $5f^4$ configuration selection rules for multipoles
suppress the TEI corrections. We use results from Ref.\ \cite{SaSaSa16} as a
starting point for our calculation. In Table \ref{Tab_U2} we present the
calculated spectrum of U$^{2+}$ from Ref.\ \cite{SaSaSa16} and our TEI
corrections to the energies. Both spectra are also shown in the right panel of
Fig.\ \ref{fig_U2spectrum}.

We see that TEI corrections in U$^{2+}$ are large and significantly
differ even for levels of the same configuration. This can be
explained by the large number of diagrams for  the four-electron system
which can either add coherently or  cancel each
other. As expected, TEI corrections for the levels
of the $5f^4$  configuration are several times smaller than for two
other configurations due to selection rules.

The U$^{2+}$ ion has the very dense spectrum with a typical level spacing of few
hundred cm$^{-1}$\ even near the ground state. This is much smaller than the average TEI
correction. Moreover, the dispersion of TEI corrections is also larger than
the typical level spacing. Thus, it is not surprising that the order of levels
appears to be significantly different when TEI corrections are taken into
account (see the right panel of Fig.\ \ref{fig_U2spectrum}). We note, however,
that TEI corrections are insufficient to significantly improve agreement
between our theory and the experiment for U$^{2+}$.

\subsection{Accuracy analysis}

Let us briefly discuss how accurately we account for TEI interactions.
Potentially there are three sources of errors:\\
\textit{(1) Incompleteness of the one-electron basis set.} It is clear from
\Fref{fig_3n}.c that in TEI diagrams we do not sum over intermediate states
(the only sum is over core states), so there is no error associated with the
final basis set.
\\
\textit{(2) The truncation of the contributions from the subdominant
configurations.} We neglect small contributions to the eigenfunctions when
calculating TEI corrections. Typically, the configurational mixing accounts for 10\%
correction to the binding energy. Main part of this corrections comes from
the small number of leading configurations, which we take into account. We
estimate the neglected part of this correlation correction to be on the order
of 2~--~3\% of the largest TEI correction.
\\
\textit{(3) High-order corrections to TEI diagrams.} We calculate TEI
corrections within the second order MBPT, \Fref{fig_3n}.c, instead of using
more accurate expression \Fref{fig_3cluster}. Higher-order terms typically
give 5~--~10\% corrections to the second order diagrams. As long as the
cluster amplitudes in the diagram \Fref{fig_3cluster} are the same as in
two-electron valence diagrams, we can expect similar size of the high-order
corrections here, i.e.\  5~--~10\%.

We conclude that our error for the TEI contribution can be up to 10\%.
According to this estimate we can assign the TEI error bar to be ~50~cm$^{-1}$\ for
three-electron ions from Table \ref{Tab_3e_HCI} and about 100~cm$^{-1}$\ for
four-electron ions from Table \ref{Tab_4e_HCI}. For U$^{2+}$ both CI and
high-order errors are the largest. We can assume here a conservative error bar
of 200 cm$^{-1}$. All these error bars for TEI corrections are smaller than the
total theoretical errors, so they do not affect the overall accuracy of the
theory.

\section{Conclusions}

We calculated corrections to the energies of several heavy
polyvalent ions from the effective three-electron interactions
induced by the core polarization. We find that these corrections may
be on the order of 1000 cm$^{-1}$ for systems with partially filled $4f$,
or $5f$ shells. Atoms and ions with the partly filled $f$-shell usually
have very dense spectrum and TEI corrections can change the
predicted order of energy levels. Large TEI diagrams obey specific
selection rules. For some configurations these selection rules
cannot be satisfied suppressing the TEI corrections for levels of
such configurations.

The number of TEI diagrams rapidly grows with the number of valence
electrons and Hamiltonian matrix becomes less sparse. This makes it
very difficult to account for TEI corrections accurately when they
become large. Here we used relatively simple approximation when we
calculated TEI corrections only in a small subspace spanned by lower
eigenvectors of the unperturbed problem. This method works for the
eigenvalues, but may be insufficient for other observables.

Finally, we  note that ions considered here are sufficiently heavy for QED
corrections to be important. In fact, QED corrections appear to be of the same
order as TEI corrections considered here. Therefore, accurate calculations
have to account for both types of corrections. However, an accurate treatment
of QED corrections in many-electron systems is highly non-trivial
\cite{FlaGin05,STY13,STY15,GiBe16} and this topic is studied elsewhere
\cite{TKSSD16}.

\acknowledgements

This work is partly supported by Russian Foundation for Basic
Research Grant No.\ 14-02-00241 and by U.S. NSF Grants No.\
PHY-1404156 and No. \ PHY-1520993. One of us (IT) acknowledges
support from Grant SPbSU No.\ 11.38.261.2014.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Episode 137: Annemarie Ní Churreáin!
31 Saturday Jan 2015
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Episode, Irish Literature, Kerouac House, Poetry
Annemarie Ní Churreáin, Will Garland
Episode 137 of The Drunken Odyssey, your favorite podcast about creative writing and literature is available on iTunes, or right click here to download.
In this week's episode, I talk to Annemarie Ní Churreáin about the Irish language, poetry, and the allure of nature,
Photo by Kimberly Lojewski.
plus Will Garland reads his essay, The Art of Telling a Story About Southern Family Living in a Small Southern Town.
The music used with The Art of Telling a Story About Southern Family Living in a Small Southern Town is "Color Cave" by Noveller, a one person band, that band being Sarah Lipstate. Check out the link for more info on her upcoming show at The Tinnitus Music Series in Brooklyn.
Orlando Shakespeare Theaters production of The Merry Wives of Windsor begins this week.
The Curator of Schlock #74: Zapped!
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Film, The Curator of Schlock
Albert Einstein, Charles in Charge, Eddie Deezen, Scatman Crothers, Scott Baio, Zapped!
The Curator of Schlock #74 by Jeff Shuster
Placing an exclamation point in your title really makes it stand out!
Your Curator of Schlock has long had the wish for a Chucky vs. Leprechaun movie. Another dream of mine is to one day see a Scanners vs. Highlanders movie. Oooh. Maybe the movie could even feature a Scanner-Highlander hybrid. Such a Highlander would only have to explode the heads of the other immortals he was fighting instead of all of that pointless swordplay. That's my pitch. I'll sell it to any Hollywood studio for 10% of the gross. Are you listening Mr. Cronenberg?
Anyway, I'm fresh out of Scanners movies seeing as how Scanner Cop is proving hard to find. Never fear, I discovered this movie called Zapped! and it's all about telekinesis!
Plus, it stars Scott Baio. That's the guy who played Chachi on Happy Days for all of you oldsters out there. Some of you younglings may know him from the hit sitcom Charles in Charge. Buddy is so funny. Why can't the idiots who live next door in real life be so funny?
Oh my! The actor who played Buddy is also in this movie! This like Charles in Charge: The Early Years! In fact, I'm going to call the characters by their Charles in Charge names for the rest of this review. Anyway, Charles (Scott Baio) plays a nerdy high school science geek who likes to experiment on mice.
Scatman Crothers pops in the lab every now and then to give him some sage words of advice like "First come the woman. Then the whiskey."
Buddy (Willie Aames) is a rich kid and the school photographer who takes pictures of cheerleaders in compromising positions. I think he's also having an affair with one of the school secretaries.
Anyway, the mice turn telekinetic from Charles's telekinesis juice, he spills some chemicals, and gets zapped. His parents think he's on drugs or something. That something happens to be telekinesis. He could become one of the X-Men if only Professor Xavier admitted non-mutants! Anyway, Charles's newfound powers allow him to do all sorts of things like levitate glass beakers, breaking the glasses of nosy school reporters, and control the flight of baseballs so his school can win the big game. Someone call Arnold Rothstein!
Oh, yeah: Jeffrey Shuster (episode 47, episode 102, episode 124, and episode 131) is an MFA candidate at the University of Central Florida.Scatman Crothers has a pot-induced fantasy where he rides bicycles with Albert Einstein.
That's all well and good, but I have yet to see one head explode! The crusty old school principal is just waiting to get humiliated in front of the student body, but the joke is on us after we see him go on a sleazy blind date. Ewwww! Charles and Buddy go to a fraternity casino party so they can tele-cheat on a roulette wheel. Eddie Deezen is present at this party (why am I not surprised.) Charles spins the wheel too fast and it levitates off the table. Will the frat learn Charles's secret and exploit it for their own use? Will Charles throw up pea soup in front of a couple of priests? Did I mention this movie has a flying ventriloquist dummy in it?
Five Things I Learned from Zapped!
They make diving suits for mice!
You could grow pot in high schools back in the 80s.
Power ballads really slow a movie down.
Eddy Deezen really lights up a room.
Carrie could have so easily been a comedy.
Photo by Leslie Salas
Jeffrey Shuster (episode 47, episode 102, episode 124, and episode 131) is an MFA candidate at the University of Central Florida.
The Lists #16: Notable Zombie Movies
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Film, Horror, The Lists
28 Days Later, Bill Murray, Dan O'Bannon, Dawn of the Dead, Don Calfa, George A. Romero, Jesse Eisenberg, Linnea Quigley, Night of the Living Dead, Night of the Living Dead 3D, Nightmare City, Planet Terror, Rachel McAdams, Return of the Living Dead, Rose McGowan, Ryan Gosling, Shaun of the Dead, Sig Haig, The Notebook, Woody Harrelson, Zombieland
The Lists #16 by John King
Notable Zombie Movies
Night of the Living Dead (1968):George A. Romero basically invents the genre in a low budget masterpiece that used actually news reporters to report on the zombie apocalypse in the film and used actual real entrails as props. A little zombie girl who looks like she's having a bad acid trip kills and eats her parents. A black man is not monster-fodder, but in fact the chief hero of the film. This movie still rocks.
Dawn of the Dead (1978): Zombies invent mall-walking.
Nightmare City (1980): Zombies have machine guns. Cf. The Curator of Schlock.
Return of the Living Dead (1985): Don Calfa has an awesome supporting role as the woebegone mortician, Ernie. Linnea Quigley plays the punk girl Trash, who spontaneously gets naked and later will be the hottest zombie you've ever seen devour someone's brains. The zombies can talk. The zombies can talk. They will tell you that they want: "Braiiiinsss!" Dan O'Bannon, auteur, thank you.
28 Days Later (2002): Zombies can run.
Shaun of the Dead (2004): Very British. For the first half-hour, Shaun doesn't notice that the zombie apocalypse is happening.
The Notebook (2004): A sultry prole zombie (Ryan Gosling) is enamored of a hottie among the upper-class undead (Rachel McAdams) when the entire world is consumed with boredom and the wet dreaming of bad ideas.
Night of the Living Dead 3D (2006): This quasi-reboot of Night of the Living Dead is awfully blasé except for one thing: Sid Haig as Gerald Tovar, Jr., a funeral home director with both a sensitive side and a rather dark secret.
Planet Terror (2007): On Rose McGowan, a machine gun prosthetic leg looks sexy—so sexy I don't even feel that stupid for saying so. I think there were zombies, too.
Zombieland (2009): The greatest date movie ever. Jesse Eisenberg gives a primer on post-apocalyptic survival, Woody Harrelson reminds us of the glory of Deliverance, and Bill Murray seems like a really nice guy.
John King (Episode, well, all of them) is a podcaster, writer, and ferret wrangler.
Heroes Never Rust #78: Ink
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Comic Books, Heroes Never Rust
Chasing Amy, David Lloyd, Inkers, War Story: Nightingale
Heroes Never Rust #78 by Sean Ironman
When discussing comics, many people, including myself, usually refer to the writer and the artist as the creators of the comic, but "artist" may not be the correct word. The term, to me, simplifies the process, as if the visual elements were the job of one person. Typically, three different positions affect the visual side of comics: penciller, inker, and colorist. One may argue (me again) that the letterer, the person who actually adds the dialogue and narration captions to the page, also adds to the visual side of a comic, but for the sake of this blog post, I'll look at just the other three. We'll save the art of lettering for another day. While the penciller, inker, and colorist may be separate people, sometimes in work from a major publisher (and usually in work from smaller, independent publishers) one person may fill multiple roles. In War Story: Nightingale, David Lloyd (V For Vendetta) fills the three roles. This helps each aspect of art work in sync with one another, giving a dark dread to the story's proceedings.
The inks are so heavy, darkness seems ready to overtake the Navy men aboard the Nightingale as they help protect convoys against the Axis forces. There's a scene at a comic book convention in Kevin Smith's film Chasing Amy in which a fan accosts Jason Lee because he is an inker, or a "tracer" as the fan calls him.
But, the inking stage is much more complex than many people believe, including that so-called fan. The inker must interpret the penciller's intent (almost like a translator of prose) and give form and dimension to an image. Like a screenplay is only an outline of a finished film, penciled artwork is only an early step toward the finished product. Without a strong inker, not only make the final image not be as strong, but the penciller's work could be ruined. As an example of how much inked pencils add to an image, take the following images:
Not only is detail and shading added to the image to create more realistic and rounded characters, the image now has mood, has feeling. Even without color, the images become as close to real as they can. Because of the importance of an inker, pencillers tend to work with the same inkers throughout their career, having built a trusting relationship. Some people may say that since David Lloyd is penciling and inking in War Story: Nightingale, he has an easier time. I'm not entirely familiar with his process, and I haven't been able to find details on it either, but sometimes, an artist who must do both chooses to combine the steps and draw entirely in ink. The work is not made easier by having one person do the job of two, just as any job is not made easier by giving one person two jobs. The only effect is that one person has more work to do. If I had to translate this blog from English to French, I would still have a hell of a time.
Many of the pages are covered more with black ink than with anything else. The Nightingale ship seems to emerge from darkness on page one, as if the men are already in the afterlife, ghosts at sea. The ship looks dead, frozen in time. The sea is desolate and dangerous. There's no hope for the men aboard. They are surrounded by darkness and it's no surprise that the men are either torn apart onboard or drown in the dark waters. When one young sailor is sliced in half, his organs and blood are so dark, he looks as if he's being pulled into some other place, some place far away, into the black inks.
Even in daylight, the men are drawn so thick with ink that they look weathered, old. The sky may be blue and bright, but the war has taken its toll. The wrinkles on men's faces are as thick as their eyebrows. Their faces, especially their eyes, are typically shown in shadow. They are stressed, beaten, haggard. Yet, they fight. They fight against submarines, monsters deep in the black ocean in which they cannot see. The men know that it is hopeless, but they fight. And die. And are swallowed by the inks. Without David Lloyd's heavy inks, the comic would be too simple. He adds so much style with his pen. Perhaps war stories have been told too much. Perhaps there's little to add. But, we can say that about nearly every type of story, can't we? Maybe we just need the story to be well-told, to be told with style. Hopefully, more readers understand the importance of an inker. An inker is as much of the artist of a comic as the penciller. No tracers here.
Photo by John King
Sean Ironman (Episode 102) earned his MFA at the University of Central Florida. Currently, he teaches creative nonfiction and digital media at the University of Central Arkansas as a visiting professor. His work can be read in The Writer's Chronicle, Redivider, and Breakers: A Comics Anthology, among others.
Buzzed Books #19: The Satanic Children's Big Book of Activities
27 Tuesday Jan 2015
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Buzzed Books
Brett Pribble, The Satanic Children's Big Book of Activities
Buzzed Books #19 by Brett Pribble
The Satanic Children's Big Book of Activities
Do you love children? I don't. To me they are perfect offerings for the dark lord Satan. So when I discovered The Satanic Children's Big Book of Activities I was ecstatic. I wondered what different recipes it would provide on baking and boiling the little creatures into edible delights. Well, my brethren, I'm here to tell you that I found no such directions. The book is actually written for children! It aims to teach them valuable lessons about math and science. I was beside myself with repugnance.
It begins with two nearly identical drawings of a little girl doing a satanic ritual in front of her class. I wet my mouth in anticipation of bloodshed, but the ritual is actually meant to spread knowledge. The girl performs a science experiment, not slitting a chicken's throat. It's a jab at creationism, facetiously comparing science to Satanism. The book instructs the reader to find six differences between the two drawings—a way to teach memory skills. I don't know why you'd want to teach children anything, but I suppose if you love children this will suffice while also providing social commentary for adults.
This Satanic book of bullshit activities also contains word puzzles that teach how to use inclusive language. The only words children need to learn are "yes" and "please," but this offers a much broader vocabulary. Yep. Coloring philosophy novels, navigating mazes, and connecting dots (to form a pentagram) are all part of this blasphemous baby. It teaches children to dream big. There is even a sketch of a sleeping puppy named Cerberus with a thought bubble above his head, which you can draw-in what he's dreaming about. Personally, I'd draw little Bobby or Susie hung over a pentagram with their intestines torn out, but I guess if you love your children this could be for you.
Pair with: Blueberry Capri-Sun and vodka.
Brett Pribble teaches writing courses in Orlando, Florida. He's afraid of sharks and often isn't sure whether or not he's dreaming. He was previously published in Saw Palm and The Molotov Cocktail.
Episode 136: Walter Mosley and Petra Mason!
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Craft of Fiction Writing, Episode, Photography
Amiri Baraka, Bettie Page: Queen of Curves, Bunny Yeager, Petra Mason, Rose Gold, Walter Mosley
In this week's episode, I talk to Walter Mosley about crime fiction, characterization, the subconscious work of the writer, and the radical aesthetics of Amiri Baraka,
Photo by David-Burnett.
and I also talk to Petra Mason about Bettie Page, Bunny Yeager, and the legacy of pin up culture.
Photo by Janette Valentine at Terribly Girly.
Plus, Rose Tran reads her personal essay, "Intermission."
Photo by Jon Findell.
TEXTS DISCUSSED
For more information about the Terribly Girly studio, check out their website.
In England, the ban on books being sent to prisoners is being lifted, according to The Guardian.
Shakespearing #27: Measure for Measure
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Shakespearing, Theater
David Foley Measure for Measure, Measure for Measure, Shakespeare
Shakespearing #27 by David Foley
When I was in college, I was robbed at gunpoint coming home from buying a pint of ice cream. They took my coat, they took my watch, they took the ice cream, and when they discovered I had only a few dollars on me, one of them pressed the gun to my temple and threatened to blow my brains out. But they let me go.
A policewoman came by our apartment to take a report. She drawled, "You were lucky. We found a guy last night with half his head blown away. Needless to say, his family's making funeral arrangements."
It so happened that, for someone's directing class project, I was acting in the Isabel/Claudio scene from Measure for Measure.
Ay, but to die, and go we know not where,
To lie in cold obstruction and to rot,
This sensible warm motion to become
A kneaded clod…
It was probably the best performance of my brief acting career.
It helps that it's a great scene, as are Isabel's scenes with Angelo. You remember what Shakespeare can teach you about writing a scene which pulses with shift and counter-shift, discovery and response. Angelo and Isabel make a great matched set of opponents, and the Duke is charmingly beneficent, and there are unexpected plot twists, and all this makes Measure for Measure play better than it reads.
When you read it, you really notice how weird it is.
For one thing, the Duke seems much less beneficent when you slow him down. His reasons for leaving Angelo in charge are pretty bad (essentially, he wants Angelo to be the meanie). He never seriously questions the justice of Claudio's sentence, only its mercy. And he lets Isabel believe that Claudio's dead because it's better for her soul or something. He makes a shaky moral center for the play.
All this could just be the strangeness of a moral world four centuries removed from ours, but when you read Measure for Measure in presumed sequence with Troilus and All's Well, it's hard not to feel that Shakespeare himself is thrashing about morally. After Hamlet and Twelfth Night, he seems to have plunged into a moral wilderness. Perhaps we can't get a handle on the moral world of these plays because Shakespeare can't. The sense you sometimes get in Shakespeare—that he's spouting the party line but feels deep down that something's wrong with it—here produces what feel like painful fractures.
Or perhaps we can't get a handle on it because Shakespeare himself is, of necessity, disguising his own meanings. At the beginning, the Duke hints that the play intends "[o]f government the properties to unfold," and it's possible to trace a steady critique of authority throughout the play. It's no accident that the executioner, representing the power of the state at its most brutal, is named Abhorson (ab-whoreson), or that he's put on the same level as a brothel-keeper. Moreover, this is the third play in a row which has a character who provides a comic counter-narrative to the poses of authority. Like Parolles in All's Well, Lucio unwittingly slanders a noble character to his face, burlesquing the illusions of nobility. Lucio may be the moral center of the play: genial, mendacious, venal, and for all that well-intentioned. He's the one who fetches Isabel to plead for Claudio and urges her on when she does. He becomes a real-world corrective to the Duke's complacent platitudes. As he says to him, "Nay, friar, I am a kind of burr; I shall stick."
David Foley is a playwright and fiction writer living in Brooklyn. His plays include Cressida Among the Greeks, Paradise, Nance O'Neil, The Murders at Argos, A Hole in the Fence, and Sad Hotel, among others. His novel The Traveler's Companion is available on Amazon. He teaches at New York University.
Heroes Never Rust #77: "Down" Time
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Heroes Never Rust, War
The war in Europe winds down. Germans surrender. U.S. soldiers wait on the decision of whether they are heading home or heading to the war in the Pacific. Sergeant Brewer should be happy. He survived. As a soldier in the Hundred and First Airborne Division, he parachuted in the night before D-Day. He fought his way through the whole western front of the war and came out on the other side. But, he's haunted, not by what he has done to survive but by the deaths of the soldiers around him. His last mission is to take three others who were with him on the night before D-Day, the last three left alive and uninjured, and check out a nearby mansion for when the general comes the next week. Brewer takes the opportunity, destroys his radio equipment, and allows his men a few days of relaxation (and enjoying the company of a few female locals happy to have the Americans arrive). But, he can't relax, not completely. He's tired, not physically—mentally. As he tells one of his men, "I ain't stupid. I know men have to die. It's the goddamn waste of it that pisses me off."
He hates the army. He hates regulations. He hates how no one knows what they are doing and soldiers die because of it. And he remembers every man who died under his command.
Most of the comic is laid out like one thinks a comic should be laid out—multiple panels with a thin, white gutter between them. A small amount of time passes between panels so that whole conversations take place in a page and characters interact with one another. But, between scenes, are one-page shots of an earlier moment in war, a moment of destruction and death. The reader is in the middle of a conversation and when he or she turns the page, there is an image of a soldier being blown apart with his intestines hanging out. No dialogue or sound effects are used on these pages. Silent images of soldiers, who were once under Brewer's command, dying awful deaths. This is something that only comics can do.
I think it's important for a writer (or in this case a writer and an artist) to use everything at his or her disposal for the genre or medium they are working in. A good comic should be a good comic, not a good screenplay that was drawn. A good short story should be a good short story, not a smaller section of a novel. Because comics are a visual medium, a strong image can create a faster impact than a paragraph of text. The reader doesn't get a section break, and then a paragraph describing a soldier being blown apart or being crushed by a tank. The single comic book page can show it, can show the horrified faces of the soldiers left standing.
The images come quick, sporadically. Sometimes, the reader has a few pages of the storyline's present day before being shocked back to death. Sometimes it's only a page. The present-day story is light and fun. A German soldier hangs himself, but it's not shown, only briefly mentioned. Even in Eden—a mansion, wine, women—Brewer can't escape what he has seen, what he has been apart of. Men gunned down. Dismembered. Shot through the head. Impaled by a piece of a building while parachuting. Bleeding out and reaching for help as a city explodes around them.
By having these images appear out of nowhere with no dialogue or sound, the comic recreates the experience for the reader. The reader is placed in Brewer's mind. This is how he experiences these memories, these flashes. He's taking a bath and getting a blowjob from a local beauty, and when he closes his eyes he sees Doyle, Fisher, Marks, Linehan, and man whose name is long forgotten being shot to death by enemy planes, not standing a change out in the open. He opens the doors to the mansion and tells his men to check the place out, and then he flashes to Normandy and Little Benny, Murtagh, Grier, and a few others being stabbed and shot in close combat with Nazis.
Nothing happens to stop these images. Nothing can stop them. Brewer will live with them forever. He gives his men a few days of fun, perhaps in an effort to give them something good about the war to remember. But to him, he lives with it. Of course, in the end, the general arrives, sees Brewer and his men and the fun they have been having. And in a repeat of the first panel of the comic, we are given a close-up of Brewer's face as he responds to the general's complaints. Unlike the beginning, his face is no longer presented in shadow. We can see every detail of his face, of his tired eyes, of his stubble. And he tells the general, "So why don't you stick your authority up your ass?" What else is he going to do? He's damned for the rest of his life. At least, he doesn't back down from his superior officer. He's done with the army, at least as done as one can be. He'll be stuck with the past, but he won't be creating any new memories, won't be watching any more men die for nothing.
Shakespearing #26: All's Well That Ends Well
In the Riverside chronology, All's Well That Ends Well sits uneasily between Troilus and Cressida and Measure for Measure. More problematic than even those plays, there's nevertheless something chrysalis-like about All's Well, as if something were stickily emerging, wings still wrinkled and folded.
One thing that's emerging is a fairy tale element that blooms in the late romances, but is even present in Lear. This element is not the fairy mischief of A Midsummer Night's Dream but more what I described in my Lears posting: the way the simplicity of the tale points to wells of hidden knowing. It occurs to me only as I'm writing this that a central flaw of Into the Woods may be the assumption that you can make fairy tales darker than they are. You don't even need the grimmer aspects of the Grimms—birds pecking out the stepsisters' eyes—to get at the way that a fairy tale, by its very simplicity, by its sparseness of explanation, places us in relation with elemental things. Or as Lafew puts it in All's Well, "Hence is it that we make trifles of terrors, ensconcing ourselves into seeming knowledge when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear." Fairy tales submit us to the unknown fears.
The most obvious fairy-tale aspect of All's Well is Helen's healing of the King and her bargain for Bertram. All of the scenes surrounding Helen's dealings with the King have the formal, direct rhetoric of a fairy tale, plunked out in rhyming couplets: "Then thou shalt give me with thy kingly hand/What husband in thy power I will command." This is striking because elsewhere the play continues Troilus's movement towards more complex and difficult language, as if Shakespeare were pushing to make language do more or as if he could count on a company of actors who knew how to ride the caprices of his lines. The Folger notes are full of perhapses, where scholars are still guessing at Shakespeare's meaning. Try this: "The reasons of our state I cannot yield/But like a common and an outward man/That the great figure of a council frames/By self-unable motion."
So we have the simplicity of a fairy tale combined with something else. But what? The most obvious answer is Bertram. If All's Well is a problem play, Bertram is the problem. He's awful! Shakespeare can't even figure out a way to redeem him at the end. He just brings Helen back and rushes everyone off stage, hoping we won't notice that Bertram remains every bit as much of an asshole as he was at the start of the play.
What's going on here? The hero is a villain, and the villain—the comic Parolles—ends up being far more likable. Or as one characters says, "He has out-villained villainy so far that the rarity redeems him." Parolles' scene with his fake captors has echoes of Thersites in Troilus. His accusations against the lords are meant (I think) to be lies, but they provide a counter-narrative to noble pretensions. As does Bertram. This sequence of plays seems infused with bitterness about human nature, particularly in men, and even more particularly in men in power.
It's left to women to redeem them. As if in apology, Shakespeare gives the name of Troilus's "whore" to his heroine, and then gives her the strangest line in the play: Bertram "is too good and fair for death and me." As if she had the magic to redeem him not just from his own nature, but from death itself. Just like a fairy tale.
Episode 135: A Craft Discussion About James Wood's How Fiction Works, with Vanessa Blakeslee!
Posted by thedrunkenodyssey in Craft of Fiction Writing, Episode
Amy Penne, David Foster Wallace, How Fiction Works, James Wood, John King, Vanessa Blakeslee
In this week's episode, I talk about James Wood's How Fiction Works with Vanessa Blakeslee,
Plus Amy Penne writes about how David Foster Wallace's Consider the Lobster and Other Essays changed her life.
On Tuesday, January 20th, 7 P.M., Leslie Salas will lead a workshop on imagery at the Orlando Public Library, Herndon Branch.
On Saturday, January 24th, 11 A.M., J. Bradley will host a love poem workshop at the Orlando Public Library.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Seven score and ten years ago, our forefather stood before a gathering of citizens on hallowed ground to dedicate the National Cemetery at Gettysburg.
You know his speech to be the Gettysburg Address. President Abraham Lincoln spoke only 270 words in what is regarded to be perhaps the most famous and most excellent of American speeches to have ever been made.
Approximately 40 yards away from this memorial was the traditional site of Lincoln's address.
That was 150 years ago today. November 19, 1863, President Lincoln summarized the Civil War in ten sentences. Appropriate, sincere, poignant.
It was indeed chilling and surreal to walk those hallowed grounds of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg.
Now, 150 years later, we still remember Lincoln's words. They ring in our ears as we fight different (yet the same) wars both abroad and at home. His words are immortal.
Let me move you from historical to personal.
If you knew that in 150 years your words would still be alive, would you speak differently?
I probably wouldn't have spouted off when I got parked in this afternoon.
I don't think I would have said that sarcastic quip about my current living situation.
And I might not have allowed that complaint to find its way out of my pen onto my notebook.
In 150 years, what will your words be remembered for?
My prayer is that mine will be "always gracious, seasoned with salt" (Colossians 4:6), and "only what is good for building up as fits the occasion, that it may give grace to those who hear" (Ephesians 4:29).
In 150 years, what will you be remembered for?
Excellent thoughts… penetrating question… it should make us think twice; speak once… more often.


text:
California snowpack at 18 percent of average
By BY Examiner Staff • May 1, 2014 12:00 am
AP Photo/Rich Pedroncelli
Frank Gehrke
With summer approaching state water managers say California's snowpack is at 18 percent of average for the date.
The Department of Water Resources on Thursday said the season's final survey of the Sierra Nevada snowpack found more bare ground than snow.
The Sierra snowpack is an essential element of California's water supply — it accounts for about one-third of the state's water.
The last measurement was on April 1, considered the peak of the snow season. It showed that the state's snowpack was about 32 percent of average water content.
Tyrone Jue, the spokesperson for the SFPUC, said that snowpack for the Hetch Hetchy watershed, from which San Francisco gets its water, was at 38 percent of normal levels as of April 1.
DWR Director Mark Cowin says the dire results reaffirm that every drop of water in the state needs to be saved.
Jue echoed Cowin's warning, asking San Franciscans to conserve as much water as possible. "We need everyone to do their part this summer to reduce water use," Jue said. SFPUC has asked its 2.6 million water users to cut consumption by 10 percent.
"We have the possibility to take more stringent actions if the voluntary call is not sufficient," Jue added. If water is not conserved, the SFPUC has the option to instate mandatory water rationing for the Bay Area.
"Conservation is going to be a key way for us to stretch our water supplies," Jue said.
California suffered its last major drought in 2007. That year, the April 1 measurement showed snowpack at approximately 50 percent of normal levels.
A chart provided by SFPUC shows snowpack levels for the Hetch Hetchy watershed in 2007, 2013, and 2014, as well as the median snowpack levels.
Although mandatory water rationing is not yet on the horizon for San Francisco, it may become a reality in other parts of the state. State water managers are set to order farmers and other big water users to limit the water they take from rivers for the first time since 1977.
The State Water Resources Control Board projected that curtailment letters would be sent out later this month for water users on 10 different rivers and their watersheds.
While no letters have yet been sent, the prospect is extremely likely, water officials said.
The orders will be delivered first to junior water-rights holders — those who obtained their water rights after 1914 and whose ability to take water is second behind pre-1914 senior rights holders. Senior holders would still be able to take water initially, and only be ordered to curtail if conditions became even more extreme.
The rare measure of ordering curtailments comes amid the third year of withering drought conditions.
Tags: Bay Area News, California, drought, SFPUC, Snowpack, WATER


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Fines Involving Speeding Are Without Judicial Discretion as Speeding Fines Are Statutorily Mandated
Print Version (PDF) Home / / / Fines, speeding charges
Can a Judge Reduce the Fine For a Speeding Ticket?
The Fine For Speeding Is Determined By a Mandatory Calculation Based Upon the Speed That Was Charged. As a Statutory Fine Calculation a Judge or Justice of the Peace Is Without the ower to Lower, Reduce, or Alter, the Fine.
A Helpful Guide on How to Understand the Law Relating to Statutory Minimum Fines for Speeding Tickets
With tens of thousands of traffic tickets issued for violations of the Highway Traffic Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8 ("HTA") and in accordance to Part I of the Provincial Offences Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. P.33 ("POA") each year, driving offences are likely the most common types of charges that occur in Ontario. As a means of handling the volume of these charges, especially speeding violations, the prosecutors are often willing to negotiate deals during a pre-Trial process known as an Early Resolution Meeting at which the accused person may choose to agree to an amended charge and a certain agreeable fine, among other things. For example, a person charged with the serious charge of 'careless driving', which will usually pose risk of extreme insurance implications, may be agreeable to reducing the charge to 'following to close' and a certain fine or penalty that the Prosecutor and the accused person agree is appropriate. Following negotiation of the plea terms, the deal is then brought into a courtroom for reading onto the court record and registering of a conviction. With careless driving charges, where an accused person may be willing to accept a substantial fine while receving the benefit of a less serious charge and therefore less implications to insurance premiums, among other things, the Prosecutor and the accused person may negotiate within a discretionary range ($500 to $2,000) for the fine; however, with speeding charges per s. 128 of the HTA, fines are without a discretionary range and are instead statutorily prescribed. Accordingly, whereas the fines are a mathematical formula statutorily prescribed by the government rather than a discretionary range, a Judge or Justice is without jurisdiction to allow a speeding conviction with a fine that varies from the mathematical formula.
The lacking of jurisdiction to allow a speeding conviction with a fine that varies from the mathematical formula prescribed by the government was recently detailed in the case of Greater Sudbury (City) v. Balli, 2019 ONCJ 364 wherein it was stated:
[9] For the purposes of clarity, the following analysis is limited to the speeding fines arising from s.128 of the HTA, notably s. 128 (14). There are different applicable fines for such situations as speeding in a community safety zone or a construction zone where a worker is present. Their discussion is left for another day.
[10] To understand how speeding fines are applied, it is essential to accept that the legislature has decided to strictly limit judicial discretion with respect to the imposition of speeding fines and that the Legislature may lawfully do so: York (Regional Municipality) v. Winlow, 2009 ONCA 643 (CanLII), at para. 33.
[11] By design, there are only two types of speeding fines that may be imposed by a justice of the peace. The 'set fine' is the first. At its core, a 'set fine' is a reduced fine that is available where a matter settles without the scheduling of a trial or if the defendant fails to attend a scheduled Part I trial (s. 9.1 POA). The fixed fine is the second type. It applies upon conviction after a trial or a guilty plea on the day set for trial: see Winlow; R. v. Weber, 2003 CanLII 72341 (ON SC), [2003] O.J. No. 1491 (ONCJ); R. v. Powell, [2010] ONCJ 302; R. v. Appiah, 2012 ONCJ 754 (CanLII); R. v. Garwal, 2016 ONCJ 217 (CanLII).
Within the Greater Sudbury (City) case it is also stated:
[18] Sentencing options within the 'early resolution' process are set out in s. 5.1 (9) of the POA. The provision reads as follows:
(9) Upon receiving the plea and submissions under subsection (8), the justice may,
(a) require the prosecutor to appear and speak to the submissions, if the submissions were submitted under clause (8) (b); and
(b) enter a conviction and impose the set fine or such other fine as is permitted by law in respect of the offence for which the plea was entered. [Emphasis added]
[19] This provision imposes important limitations on sentencing. With respect to the offence of speeding, the presiding judicial officer has only two sentencing options. First, he or she may impose the applicable 'set fine'. Second, he or she may impose the applicable 'fixed fine' in s. 128 (14). There is simply no other fine "as is permitted by law" with respect to the offence of speeding.
[20] It is common for the HTA to provide a range of fines for an offence. For example, the fine for disobeying a red light can range from "not less than $200 and not more than $1,000": s. 31.2.1 HTA. The Legislature has provided for no such discretion with respect to speeding even within the context of the 'early resolution' process.
[21] Every sentence—even one jointly submitted—must be permitted at law. In the context of the 'early resolution' process, the only lawful speeding fine is either the applicable 'set fine' or the applicable 'fixed fine'.
[22] The prosecution and defence cannot on consent or by joint submission create a statutory penalty, grant judicial discretion or confer statutory jurisdiction where it does not exist. For greater certainty, In Winlow, the Court of Appeal, at para. 33, stated:
Justices of the peace and provincial court judges belong to tribunals created by statute. Therefore, their jurisdiction to impose a penalty is limited by their authorizing legislation. Neither has any inherent power. The governing principle, now well established, is that justices of the peace and provincial court judges have only the powers expressly or impliedly granted to them by the legislature: see R. v. 974649 Ontario Inc., 2001 SCC 81 (CanLII), [2001] 3 S.C.R. 575, [2001] S.C.J. No. 79, at p. 589 S.C.R. See, also, s. 17(1) of the Justices of the Peace Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. J.4. A corollary of [page346] this principle is that although sentencing judges ordinarily have a discretion to exercise, the legislature can limit that discretion or eliminate it altogether: see R. v. Wu, 2003 SCC 73 (CanLII), [2003] 3 S.C.R. 530, [2003] S.C.J. No. 78.
[23] In R. v. Anthony-Cook, 2016 SCC 43 (CanLII), the Supreme Court confirmed that a judicial officer may only reject a joint submission where the proposed sentence would bring the administration of justice into disrepute or would otherwise be contrary to the public interest.
[24] In the present cases, the jointly submitted sentences are not legal. Giving effect to the joint submissions would necessarily bring the administration of justice into disrepute and be contrary to the public interest.
Per the Greater Sudbury (City) case cited above, and the cases and statute law cited within, the flexibility for negotiating plea deals involving speeding charges may be diminished. While at first glance this may seem to benefit those charged with speeding violations, the loss of flexibility may inhibit negotiations, especially where an accused person may be quite willing to accept a lesser charge and a greater fine such as situations where the insurance effects, among other things, of the original charge may be significant.
United Legal Services fights among other traffic ticket charges for clients located in Markham, Newmarket, Greater Toronto Area, Oshawa, Brampton, among other places!
Improper Passing of a School Bus Per Section 175 of the Highway Traffic ...
Automobile Insurance; Rating Method is Affected By, Among Other Things, ...
Getting a Traffic Ticket Charge Reduced; When You Are Probably Guilty ...
Serious Traffic Ticket Charges; Including Careless Driving, Distracted ...
Major Charges; Including Speeding 30-49 Km Over Limit, Fail to Stop for ...
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Off-street parking is limited. We recommend that you park in the Jefferson Street Parking Garage, 53 S Jefferson St, Pensacola, FL 32502, then walk over to the building. 4th Floor, Suite 412.
Take I-10 Exit 12. South on I-110 to Exit 1C, Garden Street, U. S. Business Route 98. Stay on Garden to 3 W. Garden Street on the left (2nd traffic light).
I'm a huge fan of Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Gaugin, Emile Bernard and Maurice Denis. I consider these artists to be the founding fathers of Modern Art. My paintings come with a certificate of authenticity.
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Emile Bernard, 'Madeleine in the Lovers Wood 54" x 64", Acrylic.
Picasso, 'Dora Marr' 30" x 40", Acrylic.
Matisse, 'Red Room' 34" x 43", Acrylic.
Don Parker, 'Garbage Can', 30" x 40", mixed media.
Lee Reynolds, 'Nautilus', 40" x 50", mixed media/framed.
D. Chance, 'untitled' 30" x 40", oil/framed.
Frank Zappa, 'Orchestral Favorites', 36" x 37", Acrylic.
Frank Zappa, 'Studio Tan', 30" x 36", Acrylic.
Frank Zappa, 'Waka Jawaka', 24" x 48", Acrylic.
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Frank Zappa, 'Hot Rats' 16" x 20", Acrylic.
Van Gogh, 'Starry Night', 31" x 36", Acrylic.
Van Gogh, 'Cafe Terrace at Night', 24" x 36", Acrylic.
Van Gogh, 'Wheatfield with Crows', 16" x 20", framed, Acrylic.
Van Gogh, 'Vase with 12 Sunflowers', 18" x 24", Acrylic.
Maurice Denis, 'Landscape with Green Trees', Acrylic.
Don Parker, 'Sunflower Field', 20" x 30", Acrylic & Framed.
Don Parker, 'River view', 20" x 32", Acrylic & Framed.
Don Parker, 'Land and Sea', 26" x 30", oil & Framed.
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Don Parker, 'Auburn Tigers', 18" x 24", Acrylic.
Don Parker, 'Red Sunset', 16" x 20", Acrylic & Lighted.
Erte, 'L'AMOUR', 16" X 22", gold foil lithograph.
Zoe Mac, 'Pieces for String' 24" x 36", off-set lithograph.
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text:
Q: how to get custom role provider with a custom user principal long time lurker first time poster..
trying to implement a simple custom role and membership provider for MVC.
Have implemented the role and membership provider classes and hooked them into my web.config. added code to validate my users against a custom database and it works fine.
However, I dont like the way my roleprovider hits the database on each request so I added some code to try and read this from the authentication ticket as follows:
custom role provider:
public override string[] GetRolesForUser(string username)
   {
       if (HttpContext.Current.User != null)
       {
           return ((UserPrincipal)HttpContext.Current.User).Roles.ToArray();
       }
       else
       {
           UserPrincipal user = orchestrator.GetUserByLoginID(username);
           return user.Roles.ToArray();
       }
   }

then I added this code in global.asax to persist the roles and some other useful user info into the cookie using a custom user principal object:
protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        HttpCookie authCookie = Request.Cookies[FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName];

        if (authCookie != null)
        {
            FormsAuthenticationTicket authTicket =      FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(authCookie.Value);

            JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();

            UserPrincipalModel userFromTicket = serializer.Deserialize<UserPrincipalModel>(authTicket.UserData);

            UserPrincipal newUser = new UserPrincipal();
            newUser.UserId = userFromTicket.UserId;
            newUser.FullName = userFromTicket.Fullname;
            newUser.Email = userFromTicket.Email;
            newUser.Roles = userFromTicket.Roles;
            newUser.Identity = new GenericIdentity(userFromTicket.Username);

            HttpContext.Current.User = newUser;
        }
    }

my user principal class:
  public class UserPrincipal : IPrincipal
{
    public UserPrincipal() { }
    public UserPrincipal(int userId, string userName, string fullName, string password)
    {
        UserId = userId;
        UserName = userName;
        FullName = fullName;
        Password = password;
    }
    public virtual int UserId { get; set; }
    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }
    public virtual string FullName { get; set; }
    public virtual string Email { get; set; }
    public virtual string Password { get; set; }
    public virtual IEnumerable<string> Roles { get; set; }

    public virtual IIdentity Identity { get; set; }

    public virtual bool IsInRole(string role)
    {
        if (Roles.Contains(role))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

   //public string[] GetRolesForUser()
   //{
   //    return Roles;
   //}
}

However when i run this I get the following error when the role provider tries to access the custom UserPrincipal object in the cookie
"Unable to cast object of type 'System.Web.Security.RolePrincipal' to type 'MyApp.Domain.UserPrincipal'"
Its like the custom role provider is overwriting the custom user principal im storing in the ticket with its own Role specific principal.
Just wondering if what I'm trying to do is flawed or if theres an easier way. Dont want to reinvent the wheel.
Anyone got an example of a custom role provider that does not hit the db on each request for roles?

A: Change this right here:
protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)

To this right here:
protected void Application_PostAuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

Basically the inner workings of the default role provider are setting the HttpContext.Current.User property after you set it, thus overwriting what you did.
You can also try and clear the default role provider, it seems to work in mvc3 and asp.net web forms but fails in mvc 4.
<membership>
  <providers>
    <clear />
  </providers>
</membership>
<profile>
  <providers>
    <clear />
  </providers>
</profile>
<roleManager enabled="false">
  <providers>
    <clear />
  </providers>
</roleManager>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A team of researchers led by scientists in Vienna, Dresden and Heidelberg has decoded the entire genetic information of the Mexican salamander axolotl. The axolotl genome, which is the largest genome ever to be sequenced, will be a powerful tool to study the molecular basis for re-growing limbs and other forms of regeneration. The journal NATURE publishes the news in its current issue.
One of the largest axolotl-colonies is maintained by the team of Elly Tanaka, now at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna. The Tanaka-group that was based at the DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) at the TU Dresden and the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG) until 2016 is studying the molecular cell biology of limb and spinal cord regeneration and how these mechanisms evolved. Over the years, the team has developed an extensive molecular toolkit for the axolotl, including comprehensive transcriptome data that reveal protein-coding sequences in the animal's genome. Using these tools, Elly Tanaka and her colleagues were able to identify the cells that initiate regeneration and describe molecular pathways that control the process.


mStore is yet another Cydia alternative that offers installation of Cydia tweaks without jailbreaking iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch running on iOS 11, iOS 11.3 and iOS 11.4. It even supports iOS 12 beta.
This app is packed with limited number of Cydia tweaks and modified plus apps. However, the numbers are increasing. In order to install mStore for iOS 11 without jailbreak, you will need to have functional Cydia Impactor installed on your PC or Mac.
After installation of Cydia Impactor, it is fairly easy to proceed with mStore installation on your iOS device.
Download mStore for iOS 11 .ipa file from here.
Let us know which Cydia tweak or plus app you installed using mStore, Cydia alternative without jailbreak for iOS 11.3 and iOS 11.4.


In this review of Newtra Burn Forskolin Pills, we'll be taking a look at this formula to see if you want to try it out! Weight loss isn't easy. Everyone can agree on this! It's hard to find the right diet that works for you. And it's difficult to get into a crazy cardio exercise routine to take the pounds off fast. But you can try natural diet pills to see if they can help you out when combined with your other efforts. So who should try this one? Well, if you think your metabolism needs a boost, maybe it would be worth it to try a forskolin supplement. We'll talk about why this is below.
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Newtra Burn Forskolin Ingredients come from the Ayurvedic plant called Indian Coleus. Ayurveda is that ancient Indian medicinal traditions that has been around for thousands of years. Forskolin has been used for ancient medicine for helping with respiratory issues, for instance. But now people are thinking it can help with weight loss by providing metabolic retooling. This may be possible through increases in Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate and Adenylate Cyclase. If you want to try it out, just tap the button above to see our favorite forskolin diet pill and get a great offer on it while supplies last!
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Newtra Burn Diet Forskolin pills come with them the same risk of side effects as any other supplement. That said, the use of forskolin for weight loss is kind of new. So the research is limited on side effects in humans. Your best bet is to take it as directed, for the short term as a tool, and stop taking it if you have a negative reaction. You can also talk to your doctor if you have concerns. You might have to educate them though because forskolin is a new supplement ingredient.


SRINAGAR: Director General of Police, Shri Dilbag Singh, IPS has sanctioned DGP's Special Rewards in favour of eight wards of police personnel for qualifying different competitive exams. Rupees ten thousand each has been sanctioned for these wards who have qualified MBBS, B.Tech, BUMS and BDS courses.
The wards of serving police personnel who have been granted special reward are Jaskaran Singh S/o Follower Surinder Kour Tabasum Fikrdous D/o HC Firdous Ahmad and Salma Mohabbat D/o HC Mohabbat Hussain for qualifying MBBS, Meena Kataria D/o Ramesh Kumar, Harish Hameed D/o SI(M) Abdul Hameed and Sativa Wangnoo S/o Inspr. (S) Usha Ji Pandita for qualifying B.Tech. Ansiba Fayaz D/o SI(M) Fayaz Ahmad for qualifying BDS and Rabia Syed D/o Dy.SP (S) Mohd. Syed Shah for qualifying BUMS.
Police Headquarters has been sanctioning scholarships and rewards for wards of martyred and serving Police personnel under different schemes to boost the morale of the wards of the police personnel.


text:
These Affordable Fashion Brands Are Packed With Savvy, Stylish Finds
So good, we can't help but share.
Photo Courtesy of IMAX Tree
We'll let you in on a secret: you don't need to break the bank to serve runway-ready looks. While household names such as Louis Vuitton and Saint Laurent might lead you to believe that glamour comes at a lofty price, we're here to let you know that true style doesn't have to be costly. The rise in affordable fashion brands over the last 10 years proves this. Staud, House of Sunny, and Frankie Shop, to name just a few, have raised the bar for (and lowered the cost of) everyday glamour. Their unique pieces, such as the Frankie Shop's Faux-Leather Blazer and Coach's Pillow Tabby Bag, mean you can create a fashion-forward wardrobe that will see you through the seasons, without overextending your hard-earned paycheck.
That's just a snippet of what's out there, though—keep reading to discover affordable fashion brands that promise great quality at an accessible price point.
You have probably unwittingly seen Staud's Large Moon Bag or a pair of its luscious shearling shoes on your Instagram feed. The brand has become the label for anyone who is anyone—including Kendall Jenner and Sophie Turner. Combining Californian bohemia with '90s flair, Staud's accessories and ready-to-wear collections feature go-to pieces for anyone who wants effortless style. The beauty of the label's products, aside from its affordable price tag, is how they can work in all aspects of life. Take, for instance, the Crown Long Sleeve Polo Maxi Dress—its knit fabrication complements the wearer's natural shape. You can wear as is while strolling around European cities this spring or dress it up with a Balenciaga belt and Saint Laurent pumps for a comfortable evening look. The appeal of Staud lies in its versatility.
Have you got what it takes to be a #GanniGirl? Since husband-and-wife duo Ditte and Nicolaj Reffstrup took creative control of the label in 2009, the Scandinavian brand has positioned itself as the ultimate style destination for contemporary shoppers. Its penchant for pastel, minimalist hues that are balanced out by loud ruffles and cottagecore-esque silhouettes have become the uniform for the new-fangled style set. What's more: the label's laser-focus on sustainability, which coincides with consumer's eco-conscious values. In terms of styling, one Ganni garment is all you need to make a statement (see the Printed Cotton Poplin Shirtdress). Net net: Ganni's an affordable fashion brand that's not going anywhere anytime soon.
With a focus on the power of dressing, London-based brand Rejina Pyo creates clothes for women who want to curate a timeless and thought-provoking wardrobe. Balloon-sleeved dresses and garments with rock-inspired fastenings have become brand signatures, with influencers and editors such as Eva Chen taking a shine to their individualistic air. Having always had a taste for luxury fashion, Pyo wanted to produce clothes for the everyday woman that are stylish, versatile (you can wear the Pleated-Collar Cotton Poplin Blouse to coffee and cocktails), and most importantly, affordable.
When long-time friends Paloma Lunna and Tana Latorre launched their 50 sweatshirt capsule collection in 2014, they didn't expect they would sell out—let alone be worn by everyone from Kaia Gerber to Gigi Hadid. Created on the premise of community and intentionality, Paloma Wool's psychedelic knits and trippy pants have garnered a cult following. All of its pieces are created in small batches by local manufacturers in Spain and Portugal, proving that affordability and sustainability can go hand-in-hand.
If you can't fly to Paris, then a quick purchase from Rouje is the next best thing. Created by Jeanne Damas in 2016, Rouje encapsulates the best parts of Parisian women: their style and blasé attitude. Her vast range of ready-to-wear clothes (we encourage you to try the relaxed jeans), accessories, shoes, are made to work with the wearer, not against them. This isn't just another French brand made for wannabe-Jane-Birkins. No, Rouje is about the celebration of women from all walks of life. This is demonstrated in Rouje's ever-growing product selection, which now includes makeup, and the label's editorial vertical, entitled Portraits of Women, which shines a spotlight on the illustrious lives of many women. It's this personable aspect that keeps loyal shoppers coming back for more.
Combining retro patterns with optimistic colors, such as lime and sky blue, House of Sunny is the affordable designer brand you didn't know you needed. The brainchild of creative director Sunny Williams, the East London label resides in its own lane: between old styles and our new eco-conscious mindsets. Its ready-to-wear collections, which are produced on a "shop-it-before-we-drop-it" basis, consist of the fur-trimmed and flared pants that gained popularity in the '70s and '90s. This thoughtful approach has made it a favorite affordable brand amongst Gen Z shoppers and Kardashians alike—Kendall Jenne's adoption of the Hockney Dress boosted the label's Instagram followers and frequent shoppers.
For a fresh-off-the-runway appearance at an affordable price, look no further than Zara. The Spanish brand's ability to keep up with changing trends while offering a core collection of staple pieces has made it one of the most successful brands on the market. However, its fast-paced business model hasn't affected its garment's quality or its mission to promote a more sustainable future. Zara's Join Life label, which was founded on 35 percent of its total product range in 2020, includes products ensure the wellbeing of workers and use materials that are good for the environment.
Paris Georgia is an affordable fashion label created by women, for women. Launched in 2015, the New Zeland-based brand offers staples pieces constructed from luxury materials such as cashmere and silk. These slip dresses have become a favorite amongst the stye set (actress Phoebe Tonkin regularly sports the brand) for their seductive appeal and made-to-last construction. Season after season, Paris Georgia proves that everyday elegance can be found in a select number of fine, affordable pieces.
As one of the leading brands in American fashion, Coach has developed a reputation for high-quality designs at affordable prices. The 80-year-old brand's first line consisted of 12 handbags, which were inspired by baseball gloves and their supple and durable designs. Fast-forward to the present day and the luxury brand is still setting the style agenda. The Coach Pillow Tabby Bag became one of the must-have style companions of last year for its soft silhouette, minimalist appeal, and endearing colorways. It's Coach's ability to change with the times which makes it such a household name today.
After heading the design at Ralph Lauren, Nili Lotan took her understanding of everyday elegance and decided to go it alone in 2003, launching her own namesake brand. Refusing to cave to the rise of logomania, Lotan focused her attention on creating luxury pieces that could work as the backbone of your wardrobe (think: bootcut jeans and tailored shirts). It was a move that proved to be successful for Lotan, as she generated over $250,000 two months after opening her first Tribeca store in 2006. 15 years later, her designs are a key part of American women's closets.
Founded by Rikki Baumgarten and Helle Hetsehave, the Scandinavian fashion label merges more than just their names, but also the designer duo's aesthetics. While the brand's collections consist of clashing colors and different patterns, their products don't look out of place or at war with each other. Instead, they work cohesively. Staple products such as rain boots and prairie dresses showcase this by fusing romantic silhouettes with pragmatic fabrications that you can easily incorporate into your everyday wardrobe. Don't believe us? Try it for yourself.
What started as a vintage outlet in 2009 has turned into a brand in its own right. By keeping sustainability at the core of its vision, Reformation has fostered a community of thoughtful shoppers and eco-friendly products at affordable prices. Using deadstock fabrics and low-impact materials, each one of Reformations garments, from its minidresses to maxi skirts, are made to be as good for the environment. This is your one-stop shop for guilt-free affordable fashion.
In 2017, model, muse, and all-around it-girl, Alexa Chung decided to go from simply wearing the hottest designs to making them with the launch of her eponymous brand: Alexachung. Characterized by its quintessentially British aesthetic (see: crisp shirts and tweed coats), Chung's product offering looks like it comes directly from her own wardrobe. Though, maybe this is because the fashion icon can be seen wearing samples of her collections on Instagram. However, it isn't all just straight-line tailoring; romantic pussy-bow blouses, '60s-inspired mini skirts, and flared jeans are emblems of Chung's personality and inherent style. With products starting at $200, Chung proves that high-quality fashion can be attainable.
For understated luxury straight from California, look no further than Vince. Built on the premise of comfortable and effortless style, Vince offers a wardrobe that's equally on-trend as it is utilitarian. Whether you need a linen-blend playsuit for frolicking throughout the summer or a turtleneck to combat the colder seasons, this American brand has a gained reputation for reliable essentials that do not disappoint.
Minimalist dressers, this one's for you. Created with the city girl in mind, the Frankie Shop takes the best parts of French style and reimagines it in a way that appeals to all fashion-forward urbanites from New York to London. The label's collection of necessary basics, such as polished ivory blazers and crewnecks made for layering, makes everyday style feel attainable and not bank-breaking.
Category: Luxury Timepieces
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