Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are sometimes considered a challenge, or even a threat, for persons with disabilities. The poor design of many ICT-based devices, which do not take into account the requirements of a disabled user, risks indeed to generate a form of "digital divide" among those who can and those who cannot access the device itself. A renewed effort is required to contrast this tendency.
This Special Session however also wants to look at this topic the other way around, in terms of the creation of a "digital multiply" effect. That is, we aim to emphasize what ICT already does and can do in the near future for persons with disabilities. Private and public research laboratories, and even international organizations like UNESCO  are engaged in this effort. If ICT has been considered in the last several years a key enabling technology for almost all the fields of research, it must be such in particular for the case we are considering.
We can mention a few case studies, without claiming to provide an exhaustive list. Assistive tools based on the so-called sensory substitution approach are very often based on ICTs. For example, in the last decades computer vision-based techniques have been designed to help the blind and the visually impaired, by translating visual information to audio or haptic form . In particular, mobility and independent life of the blind have been addressed, and equipment has been designed that can recognize obstacles in the way or relevant objects, or can read text . Fast Web connections permit the users to avail themselves of volunteers who, using live video, are organized to provide real-time answer to their questions . Wearable face recognition systems can help the social interaction of a blind person by identifying those who are close . Positioning and localization techniques may be used to track the position of people with disabilities, for assisted healthcare or for fall detection, but may also support the mobility of blind people, or people with severe visual impairments.
Even if many ICT assistive devices have already reached the users' market, only few of them have found widespread use; these often are the simplest ones, like text-to-speech phone Apps. This fact indicates that several important requirements have not yet been met by more sophisticated equipment that is presently being studied. The most apparent requirements are reliability and user-friendliness, but also conspicuousness and weight, or power consumption and speed of response should be considered. Contributions in this Special Session will address these and other related themes.
 UNESCO: Web site. http://en.unesco.org/partnerships/partnering/icts-persons-living-disabilities (accessed 14 May 2016). See also "UNESCO Global Report: Opening New Avenues for Empowerment - ICTs to Access Information and Knowledge for Persons with Disabilities", 2013.


text:
High School Student Achieves Perfect Score on AP Capstone Project with Simulation
ANSYS BLOG
Chris Zhou, a current senior at McDowell High School in Erie, Pennsylvania, is among just 306 students across the world to attain a perfect score on his AP Capstone Project, making him part of just 1% to achieve such a milestone.
With those odds, it's no surprise that Zhou chose simulation to research his AP project. Simulation is all about odds, probability, and possibility.
To embark on his project, CFD Analysis on the Carotid Artery Bifurcation, Zhou downloaded Ansys Student — free student software made available through the Ansys Academic Program — to investigate the odds of artery blockage.
With Ansys Student, Zhou accessed Ansys Fluent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and Ansys SpaceClaim 3D modeling software to analyze and model blood flow in the carotid artery.
Today, with a perfect score, real-world simulation experience, and a better understanding of hemodynamics, Zhou is deciding which college to pursue his studies and explore career possibilities, which at this point in the analysis, appear limitless.
High school student Chris Zhou shown here presenting his AP Capstone project, CFD Analysis on the Carotid Artery Bifurcation, to his AP Research class last year.
Simulating to Prevent Artery Plaque
Last year, Zhou began his junior year with a full course load, yet just one class would prove to be life changing: AP Research. The class is part of the AP Capstone program, a diploma program offered through College Board to develop students' skills in research, analysis, writing, and more.
The core requirement of the class is for students to select a topic to research in depth throughout the year and then share their findings at the end of the term with a presentation and paper.
At the time, Zhou was interested in the medical field and participating in a job-shadowing opportunity at nearby UPMC Hamot Hospital. Through this experience, Zhou was exposed to several labs, piquing his interest in blood flow.
Coupled with this, Zhou's father, Jun Zhou, is an engineering professor at Penn State Behrend and familiar with CFD. With encouragement from his dad, Zhou decided to use CFD to dive deeper into artery blood flow, particularly the carotid artery bifurcation. This is the point where the common carotid artery ends and splits into the internal and external carotid arteries that go on to supply blood to the head and neck. To begin, he explored available CFD tools online and discovered Ansys Student for free.
A base model of the carotid artery was simulated in Ansys Fluent.
Ansys Fluent simulation illustrates the carotid artery's velocity flow during stage three of plaque buildup.
Robert Hodgson, Zhou's AP teacher — who also encouraged his research — commends the program for offering students these tools.
"This enables students to do work that they otherwise would not be able to do without access to much more expensive equipment," says Hodgson. "It increases the accessibility and ability for students to do high-level work like Chris did, which would not be possible without access to programs like this."
For Zhou's project, he used CFD to observe the carotid arteries of the neck, which tend to have a lot of plaque buildup, he says.
"The main issue is that modern imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans sometimes can't fully or accurately depict if there is plaque buildup within these veins," says Zhou. "So, instead I used CFD and Ansys to build a two-dimensional model and then run simulations of the blood flowing through the vessel."
In addition to working on the project during class, Zhou conducted research at home and also participated in Cornell's popular edX course, "A Hands-on Introduction to Engineering Simulation," which includes online simulation resources and tutorials for supplementary learning outside of the classroom.
Due to privacy restraints, time constraints, and limitations through the local Institutional Review Board (IRB) — which requires projects to meet certain guidelines of research — Zhou could not use patient-specific data for his testing. Instead, Zhou conducted his research on previous studies and publicly available models.
A main challenge in investigating the carotid artery bifurcation, he says, is that the vessels are thin and small and plaque buildup accumulates over a very long time, which makes it difficult to physically monitor, test, or see.
After reading past examinations, Zhou learned that previous researchers used CFD to build more accurate models, frequently based on actual models gained from hospitals and patient case studies. By comparing the improved models to actual cases, researchers determined patterns in blood velocity pressure and things such as wall shear stress. These analyses enabled them to determine if the patient was in fact building up plaque or developing any other complications.
To expand upon these concepts, Zhou used Fluent to create geometry, meshing, and boundary conditions to make predictively accurate models to understand blood flow characteristics and study the correlations between healthy flowing arteries and arteries in which blockage is forming.
The class runs the length of the school year, so after nearly 10 months of research, Zhou submitted his completed project to College Board in late May. The program requires a two-part submission, consisting of a 20-minute research presentation — 15 minutes for the presentation and five minutes for an oral defense from the panel of judges— and a paper of approximately 4,000 – 5,000 words.
He received his first installment of good news in late July, learning his project landed a five out of the one-to-five general scoring range, but did not know specifics such as any problems missed or minor points deducted. However, in September, Zhou received an additional e-mail from College Board informing him of his perfect score.
Simulating for the Future
Although Zhou is not sure which college he will attend, he has a clearer idea of what he will pursue and is applying to Ivy League schools, including Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Cornell University.
"Originally, I wasn't sure what I wanted to do, torn between either going into a medical-based career or maybe more of an engineering aspect," says Zhou. "But with this project, I was able to combine the two into one area, having the medical part of blood vessels and hemodynamics, and the engineering part using Ansys software and computer simulation. This really helped me get a better idea of what I would like to do in the future and how I can blend both of my interests."
This image demonstrates the cumulative overlap of all stages and models of plaque buildup in the carotid artery.
Based on his parallel passions, Hodgson and Zhou's father have encouraged him to consider a dual doctorate and Ph.D. track incorporating biology and other science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) subjects so he can enter the medical field as a practicing physician, while pursuing research and experiments.
With no prior experience using simulation, Zhou felt at ease using the tools crediting the Cornell edX course, Ansys, his dad, and teacher for the support and resources. His dad, however, passes any credit over to the Ansys Academic Program.
"I think Ansys made this all possible for a high school student and did a great job," says Jun Zhou. "Otherwise, I don't see that it would be possible at this level but Ansys provides these tools to students and enables them to think from a big-picture view and that stimulates further interest."
Zhou agrees with his dad, and now that he has experienced simulation firsthand, he's a big proponent of it for the future of healthcare.
"A lot of the times in the medical field, research or tests need to be run on actual subjects, which places constraints on if you can find the subject and if they're willing to do the experiment," he says. "But with simulation you take all of that out of play and can run everything by yourself or with a couple of colleagues and a lab where everything is controlled by you and you can just keep retrying and retesting until you think you get to your final solution."
He's also grateful for the Ansys Academic Program for supplying simulation to students at no cost, which gives many students like him valuable opportunities.
"If I tried to do this without simulation, I would need access to things only found in hospitals used by professionals such as expensive imaging technology, MRI machines, or CT scanners," he says. "It wouldn't be feasible, especially for someone at my level. But this program was completely free and very accessible. I'm just a typical high school student who was able to run all of these tests and simulations from the comfort of my own home, even on my own computer. I think that's really nice because if any student has the passion and wants to do this, they have the opportunity to."
Visit the Ansys Academic page to learn more about Ansys student incentives, free software downloads, and additional resources.
Director Academic and Startup Programs, Ansys
Subscribe to the Ansys Blog for email notifications.
"I think Ansys made this all possible for a high school student and did a great job. Otherwise, I don't see that it would be possible at this level, but Ansys provides these tools to students and enables them to think from a big-picture view and that stimulates further interest."
Ansys Student
Ansys Academic Program

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}
     \label{S-Introduction}
Magnetic flux tubes couple the different layers of the solar
atmosphere, and waves propagating along the magnetic-field lines are a
possible source of the mechanical-energy transport required to heat
the chromosphere and corona. The waves also provide a helioseismic
means of constraining the properties of the magnetic tubes which is
complementary to observational studies with SOHO/MDI data
\citep{Duvall06} and \textit{Hinode} \citep{Fujimura09}. In the latter work the
authors found that the observed Poynting flux is substantial when
compared to the flux required to heat the chromosphere and
corona. Unfortunately with observations at a single height they were
unable to identify what mixture of $m=0$, axisymmetric sausage-modes,
and $m=1, $ kink-modes, they were observing. Theoretical studies of the interaction of flux tubes and waves have been performed in the past, for example \cite{Roberts79},  \cite{Wilson80}, \cite{Spruit81}, \cite{Spruit82}, \cite{Knolker89}, \cite{Solanki93},
\cite{Bogdan96},
\cite{Hasan99}, \cite{Tirry00}, \cite{Gizon06}, \cite{Jain08}, \cite{Hanasoge08a},

\cite{Hanasoge09}.
It is now well established that slender magnetic flux tubes permit the
propagation of the two basic types of magnetohydrodynamic waves: The
longitudinal tube waves (sausage modes) with azimuthal wave number $m$
= 0, which are axisymmetric, excited by pressure fluctuations. The
transversal tube waves (kink modes) with $m$ =$\pm$ 1, which are
non-axisymmetric and describe the incompressible undulations of the
tube, supported by magnetic tension. However, in these various
papers, simplifying assumptions were used, such as the thin-flux-tube
approximation, isothermal or unstratified atmospheres, and the neglect
of higher-$m$ modes.
\cite{Hanasoge08a}
included a stratified atmosphere and used the thin-flux-tube approximation  to
evaluate the scattering matrix associated with an $f$-mode wave
interacting with a flux tube. The thin-flux-tube approximation works
when the radius of the tube is smaller than it scale height which was $260$ km. For this
reason the largest tube that they considered was 160 km. Numerical treatment of flux tubes of
arbitrary size is straightforward and robust. The approach is already yielding interesting
results in the context of sunspots, see {\it e.g.} \cite{Cameron07},
\cite{Hanasoge08},  \cite{Khomenko08}, \cite{Cameron08}, \cite{Khomenko09}.

In this paper we use numerical simulations to explore the response of vertical, small scale
flux-tubes with radii between 200 km and 3 Mm. The paper is structured as
follows: In Section 2 we  present the background model and the
equations describing the wave propagation. In Section 3 we present the
results of a series of convergence tests. These are essential since we
are considering tubes with small radii. In Section 4 we study the scattered wave field, Section 5 is devoted to mode conversion, before discussing
the results in Section 6.

\section{Simulation Model}
      \label{S-Simulation model}

 We use a slightly modified version of the \textit{SLiM} (\textit{Semi spectral
 Linear MHD}) code described in \cite{Cameron07} to propagate linear waves through an enhanced polytropic
 atmosphere.
The enhanced polytropic atmosphere we use was constructed by following  \cite{Cally97}.
Specifically we follow those authors in considering a 4820~G purely vertical flux tube
along the axis of which the pressure, density, and temperature vary as a polytrope.
The polytropic index is set as 1.5, the density at a depth of 1 Mm is set to $10^{-5}$ g cm$^{-3}$.
The sound speed is set to be equal to the Alfven speed at depth of 400 km. The external
atmosphere is the enhanced polytrope obtained by requiring that the total (gas and magnetic)
pressure be horizontal uniform, and by that the density is that of the original polytrope.
Since the magnetic pressure is independent of height this
means that away from the flux tube the pressure is increased by a comstant which is
independent of height and thus does not affect the vertical hydrostatic force balance. We emphasise that this is the same formulation as was used by \cite{Cally97} and is a
reasonable approximation for qualitatively studying wave propagation in the upper part
of the convection zone.
 Figure~\ref{profiles} show a comparison between the vertical profiles of the sound speed, pressure, and acoustic velocity for the standard solar model S by Christensen-Dalsgaard and those on the flux-tube axis. We note that with our boundary conditions waves are strongly reflected from the upper boundary
which restricts us to considering waves below the acoustic cut-off frequency.
As in \cite{Cally97}, we restrict ourselves to purely vertical flux tubes. In our case this is partly motivated by
the fact that we are considering only small tubes (not sunspots) which are expected to
be almost vertical until they expand into the overlying atmosphere.
We thus are considering relatively small flux tubes of different sizes and are including
the full three-dimensional geometry.

Our code solves the linearized, ideal MHD equations in three dimensions. We write the magnetic, velocity,
pressure, and density perturbation in terms of the displacement vector [$\bxi$]. The background is assumed
to be time independent. The primed quantities in the equations are the Eulerian perturbation, whereas the
background variables are subscripted with 0. The gravitational acceleration  [$\bg$]  is constant, and there
is no background steady flow.

The equation governing the displacement vector is:

\begin{equation}
\rho_{0}\frac{\partial^{2}
\bxi}{\partial t^{2}}  = - {\bf \nabla }  p'+ \rho'\bg+ \frac{1}{4\pi} ( \vec j'\times \vec B_{0}+ \vec j_{0}\times \vec B')
\end{equation}

The perturbed quatities:  density [$\rho$], pressure [$p$], magnetic
field [$ \vec B$]. Electric current [$ \vec j$] are written as functions of [$\bxi$]  as follow:

\begin{equation}
\rho'=- {\bf \nabla }  \cdot(\rho_{0}\bxi) ,
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\label{pip}
p'=c_{0}^2 (\rho'+\bxi\cdot {\bf \nabla } \rho_{0})-\bxi\cdot {\bf \nabla }  p_{0} ,
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\label{Bip}
 \vec B'=
 {\bf \nabla} \times(\bxi\times \vec B_{0}) ,
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\label{Jip}
 \vec j'=
 {\bf \nabla} \times \vec B' ,
\end{equation}

A flux tube that is almost evacuated at the surface and that has a
radial profile is superposed on the background atmosphere. The
magnetic flux tubes have a top-hat profile given by $ B(r) = B_{0} \exp(- r^4/ r_0^4) $ where $r_{0}$
is the tubes radius, and $B_{0}$ = 4820 G  \citep{Cally97}. We use a local Cartesian geometry defined by the
horizontal coordinates $x$ and $y$. The vertical coordinate is $z$, and the simulation covers the height range from 0.2~Mm to 6~Mm below the solar surface. Note that the convention adopted here is that $z$ incresaes with depth.
The horizontal extent of the domain is $x$  $\in$ [-20,20] Mm and  $y$  $\in$ [-10,10] Mm.
The axis of the vertical flux tube passes through the point $x$ = -7 Mm, $y$ = 0.

At $t_0 = 0$, an $f$-mode wave packet with a Gaussian profile in Fourier
space is situated at $x_0 $ = -20 Mm and it propagates from left to right
in the $x$-direction.

Specifically the initial condition is constructed
from individual $f$-modes each of which has the usual (wavenumber-dependent)
exponential dependence on height. The phase of the each eigenmode is
set so that the waves are all in phase at $x = -20$ Mm.
The distance from the initial
condition and the sunspot was chosen as the result of a compromise: On the one hand
it is desirable for the initial wavepacket to be close to the sunspot (so that the
wave attenuation before the wave reaches the sunspot is minimized), on the other hand
there is a relationship between the wavepacket and cross covariance from random sources
\citep{Cameron08,Gizon10} which only applies outside the ``near field''
of the initial condition.
The frequency of each mode is $\sqrt{g k}$ where $k$ independently
of the details of the background quiet-Sun model. The vertical component of the
velocity, $\partial_t\xi_z$, at the upper surface is our main diagnostic, as it is closely
related to the observable Doppler velocity at disk centre. The amplitude of the
different modes in the initial condition depends on their eigenfrequency. The amplitudes
of the surface velocity is a Gaussian with a central frequency and the half width of the wave packet are 3 mHz and 1.18 mHz respectively.

The top boundary also corresponds to that of \cite{Cally97} and has
also been previously described in \cite{Cameron08}. It corresponds to a free surface in the non-magnetic
regions and hence is effective in reflecting waves. This means that the effective acoustic cut-off of the
model is infinite. Our initial condition has very little energy ($\approx$ 0.06\% above 5.3 mHz).

We have also performed a simulation without the flux tube being present, that is
with the enhanced polytrope being used everywhere and with $B_{0}=0$. This simulation
acts as a reference and allows us to construct the scattered wave field as the difference
between the simulations with and without the flux tube.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{Pressure_bg.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{rho_bg.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Cs_bg.eps}
\caption{ The vertical profiles of the pressure, density and acoustic velocity for the background model. Red plots are the profiles for the standard solar model S by Christensen-Dalsgaard (with $z = 0$ corresponding to the height of 400 km in model S). Blue plots are for the polytrope along the flux-tube axis, and the black plots are for the enhanced polytrope in quiet the Sun.}
\label{profiles}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.36\textwidth,clip=]{scat320.ps}
\vspace{0.02\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth,clip=]{scat600.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth,clip=]{scat800.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth,clip=]{fulxy320.ps}
\vspace{0.05\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth,clip=]{fulxy600.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth,clip=]{fulxy800.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.34\textwidth,clip=]{fz320.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.31\textwidth,clip=]{fz600.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.31\textwidth,clip=]{fz800.ps}

\caption{ Wave propagation at three times (1600, 3000, and 4000 seconds
  after the start of the simulation), in the presence of a 500 km
  magnetic flux tube. The top panel shows the scattered component of
  the wave field near the ``solar surface'', the middle panel shows
  the full wave field whilst the lower panel is a vertical cut. The
  location and size of the tube is indicated by the circle at $x$ = -7 Mm, $y$ = 0. The point ``A'' is the location at which the
  resolution test analysis was performed (Section~\ref{S-Resolution test}). Notice that the simulation is
periodic in the horizontal directions, which can be seen in the scatterd wave field at later times.}
\label{hr500}
\end{figure}

An example of the wave interacting with a tube with a radius of 500 km is shown in Figure~\ref{hr500}.
For a tube of this size, the scattered wave is almost circular, with a significant amount of back scattering. The \textit{SLiM} code assumes that the box is periodic, which accounts for the wave fronts coming in from the side of the box after 4000 seconds. It is to be noted that the diameter of the tube is neither small nor large with respect to the wavelength of the incoming waves, so that various types of tube modes will be excited.

\section{Resolution Test}
\label{S-Resolution test}
Our simulation box has a length of 40 Mm in the direction in which the
wave is propagating. The radii [$r_o$] of the flux tubes we are
interested in vary from 200 km to 3 Mm. Furthermore, since we have used a
top-hat profile [$ B(r) = B_{0} \exp(- r^4/ r_0^4) $] the ``sidewalls''
of the tube are even thinner. This raises the question of how many
Fourier modes are required in the simulation to resolve the
flux tubes. In the vertical direction we have found that 200 grid
points are sufficient for all the flux tubes, probably because the flux tubes have no special structure in the $z$-direction. The tubes radii we have considered are 200 km, 500 km, 1 Mm, and 3 Mm.
We have considered three different choices for the number of horizontal Fourier modes: 50$\times$25, 100$\times$50, 200$\times$100. The data of the scattered wave field at the point ``A'' is shown as a function of time in the top four panels of Figure~\ref{restx}. The three different resolutions are shown using different colors.
It is apparent that the scattered wave at ``A'' is resolved for $r_0$
equal to 1 Mm and 3 Mm for all three choices of the number of Fourier
modes. The degree of convergence in the $r_0=500$ km case
is reasonable, especially for the two higher resolutions.
The case where $r_0 = 200$ km is clearly a long way from convergence for
at least the two lower resolutions. At the lowest resolution, the flux
tube is significantly smaller than $40$ Mm$/50$ modes $=800$ km, for this reason the simulated waves apparently do not even see the tube and the scattered wave is absent. With 100 modes, the simulation appears more reasonable but the amplitude is only about 1/2 of that of the simulation with 200 modes. The results using 200 modes should be much closer to the converged value: The relative resolution is similar to the case where we used 100 modes for the 500 km tube.
The four lower panels of Figure~\ref{restx} show the scattered wave along the line $y=0$ as a function of $x$ at a fixed time. The convergence properties are the same as we found for fixed position ``A''.
To quantify the errors we introduce a measure for the difference between the simulations. Again concentrating on the point ``A'', we compare the time series of the vertical velocity from either the low or medium-resolution simulations [$v_z$] with the high resolution simulation [$v_z^h$]:

\begin{equation}
\epsilon=\frac{\sum_{t}[v_{z}(t)-v_{z}^{h}(t)]^{2}}{\sum_{t}v_{z}^{h}(t)^{2}}   ,
\end{equation}

We can also construct a measure of the error based upon the cuts at fixed time (\textit{i.e.} the lower four panels of Figure~\ref{restx}). The error in this case is
taken to be

\begin{equation}
\epsilon=\frac{\sum_{x}[v_{z}(x)-v_{z}^{h}(x)]^{2}}{\sum_{x}v_{z}^{h}(x)^{2}}   ,
\end{equation}

Figure~\ref{restx2} shows these measures of the error in various ways. In the left panels we see that the  error decreases rapidly as the tube increases in radius. The panels on the right show that increasing the resolution by a factor of two decreases this measure of the error by a factor of about ten. This would suggest that the error associated with the highest resolution (200 modes) when applied to the smallest flux tube (200 km radius) should be approximately 3\% (\textit{i.e.} a factor of ten better than the simulation with 100 modes which has a 30 \% error).

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{vzt.ps}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{vzx.ps}
\caption{\ Comparison of results at different resolutions for various
  sizes flux tubes. The top four panels show the scattered component of
  the wave at a fixed point (``A''in Figure~\ref{hr500}) as a function of
  time. The lower four panels show the scattered wave component at
  different locations along the $x$-axis at fixed time (corresponding to
  the middle panels in Figure~\ref{hr500} )}
\label{restx}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{t7Mmres.ps}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{x75minres.ps}
\caption{\ The error function for scattered wave field of vertical velocity, top panel at 7 Mm from tube center along $y$ = 0, bottom panel at time = 75 minutes along  $y$ = 0.  Curve with stars at left correspond to the difference low \textit{vs} high resolutions, curve with cross is for the difference medium \textit{vs} high resolutions. The right curves shows the variation of the error for the different radius when the horizontal resolution increases.}
\label{restx2}
\end{figure}

\section{Scattering of Tubes }
\label{S-Scattering of tubes}
The dependence of the magnitude of the scattering on radius can be
seen in Figure~\ref{4rxy} where the full and the scattered wave field
are shown for tubes with radii 200 km, 500 km, 1 Mm, and 3 Mm. A vertical
cut through the spot, along the $x$-axis, is shown in Figure~\ref{3z}, for tubes with radii 200 km, 1 Mm, and 3Mm. For the two larger tubes, some mode conversion is apparent.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.51\textwidth,clip=]{r200.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.44\textwidth,clip=]{r500.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.51\textwidth,clip=]{fullhr200.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.445\textwidth,clip=]{fulhr600.ps}

\vspace{0.05\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.51\textwidth,clip=]{r1.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.44\textwidth,clip=]{r3.ps}

\includegraphics[width=0.51\textwidth,clip=]{fullhr1.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.445\textwidth,clip=]{fullhr3.ps}
\caption{ Wave propagation through tubes of different sizes. The
  images are from snapshots taken 3000 seconds after the start of the
  simulation. The upper four panels show vertical velocity scattered wave
  field (at the top) and the full wave field (at the bottom) for tubes
  with radii 200 km and 500 km, the lower four panels are for tubes with
  radii 1 Mm and 3 Mm. The circles indicate the sizes of these tubes. The simulation is
periodic in the horizontal directions which can be seen in the scattered wave field.}
\label{4rxy}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{zvx200hr.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{zvx1hr.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{zvx3hr.ps}
\vspace{0.05\textwidth}
\caption{\ The $x$-component of the velocity near the photosphere; a vertical cut passing through the centre of the tubes 200 km, 1 Mm, 3 Mm. All panels are from a snapshot at $t$ = 2000 seconds.}
\label{3z}
\end{figure}

Naturally the simulations give us the full vector-velocity field and hence we can look simultaneously at all three components of the velocity field as shown in Figure~\ref{9xyvall}. This figure makes it clear that the scattered  field consists mainly of different mixtures of $m=0$ and $m=1$ modes for different radii.
From this figure we can see that tubes with radius between 500 km and 2 Mm are excited primarily in the  $m$ = 0 mode, the upper part of the cylinder moving inward or outward (sausage modes). For the $z$-component of velocity, tubes with radii less than 500 km are excited with $m = \pm$1 dipole oscillation whereas tubes between 500 km and 2 Mm oscillate with a mixture of $m=0$ and $m=1$ modes. It is more difficult to identify the oscillation of 3 Mm tube radius,
which presumably has substantial energy in higher $m$ components.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\vspace{0.05\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.36\textwidth]{R200velX53.ps}
\vspace{0.02\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.31\textwidth]{R200veloY55.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.31\textwidth]{R200velZ.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.36\textwidth]{R500velX55.ps}
\vspace{0.02\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.31\textwidth]{R500velY50.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.31\textwidth]{R500velZ55.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.36\textwidth]{R3velX50.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.31\textwidth]{R3velY50.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.31\textwidth]{R3velZ.ps}

\vspace{-0.63\textwidth}
     \centerline{\bf
      \hspace{0.13\textwidth}  \color{black}{$(V_{x})$}
      \hspace{0.26\textwidth}  \color{black}{$(V_{y})$}
      \hspace{0.25\textwidth}  \color{black}{$(V_{z})$}
         \hfill}
     \vspace{0.6\textwidth}

\caption{  Scattered wave field for different tubes
  radii taken 3000 seconds after the start of the simulation. Radius
  from top to bottom: 200 km, 500 km, 3 Mm. Velocity component
  from left to right: $V_{x}$, $V_{y}$, $V_{z}$. Note that different
  gray-scales are used for each frame so that only the structure
  of the scattered wavefield is significant}
\label{9xyvall}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.51\textwidth]{alltime33min-200km.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{alltime33min-3Mm.ps}
\caption{\  Horizontal displacement in arbitrary units in the $x$-direction of
  the tube axis and the
  background as a function of the depth [$z$].  The curves are taken
  2000 seconds after the start of the simulation for 200 km tube
  radius, left, and 3 Mm tube radius, right.}
\label{2rxz}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.505\textwidth]{im.27-200km-RL.ps}
\vspace{0.01\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{im.27-500km-RL.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.505\textwidth]{im.27-1Mm-RL.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{im.27-3Mm-RL.ps}
\caption{\  Horizontal displacement in arbitrary units in the $x$-direction
  of the tube axis (dashed
  line at the center) and the tube cross sections (full line right and
  left) as a function of the depth [$z$]. The curves are taken
  1600 seconds after the start of the simulation for different tubes
  radii: 200 km, 500 km, 1 Mm, and 3 Mm respectively.}
\label{4xzrl}
\end{figure}

To procede further we consider the displacement of the tube with
respect to its surroundings. The idea is illustrated in
Figure~\ref{2rxz}: Thinner flux tubes (radius smaller than 500 km) are
effectively coupled to the motion of the surrounding plasma by the
drag force, while larger tubes (radius larger than 500 km) can move relative to the surrounding plasma owing to the action of the magnetic force, similar to a flexible solid body immersed in a fluid \citep{Solanki06}. This result was expected, but is still nice to see in the simulations.

To better understand the $m$ modes that have been excited in the
tube, we look at the total $x$-displacement not only along axis of the
tube but also near its edges. This is shown in Figure~\ref{4xzrl}. Consistent with the above description, we see that the perturbations are coherent across small tubes. The change in behavior around 500 km corresponds to the fact that this is near the characteristic length-scale of the $f$ mode ($g/\omega^2$) of 771 km for the 3 mHz centered wave packet. For larger tubes, higher-$m$ modes begin to dominate because there is little coherence of the incoming wave across the tube.

\section{Mode Conversion}
As in  \cite{Cally97}, we find that the magnetic flux tubes convert some of the incoming
waves into slow-magnetoacoustic modes which propagate along the field-lines.
This can be seen in Figure~\ref{2rxz}, where the horizontal displacement of the flux
with respect to the background is shown. The vertical oscillations shown here are one
signature of downward propagating slow mode waves. The magnetic nature of these waves can be
easily seen in Figure~\ref{f9} where a component of the magnetic-field perturbation is shown.
We comment that the mode conversion removes energy from the incoming waves.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{dbx-xz38min-3Mm.ps}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{dbx-yz38min-3Mm.ps}
\vspace{0.1\textwidth}
\caption{\  The $x$-component of the perturbation of the magnetic field
introduced by the passage of the wave, shown in the $x-z$ (left)
and $y-z$ (right) planes passing through the axis of the sunspot. The downward-propagating oscillations correspond to the slow-acoustic mode propagating along
the fieldlines. This figure is for $t = 2280$~seconds and the 3~Mm flux tube.}
\label{f9}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
\label{S-Conclusions}
We have carried out a series of numerical simulations of plane-wave propagation through flux tubes of different sizes. In the first part of this study, we
tested the convergence in order to determine the minimum-sized tube that we could reliably simulate with the resolutions that we had available. We then investigated how different-sized tubes interacted with an incoming $f$-mode wavepacket. Different scattered wave-field patterns were observed for flux tubes with different radii. In agreement with previous suggestions, we found that when the flux tube was small compared with the wavelength of the incoming wave, mainly the $m=1$ kink modes were excited. For mid-ranged tubes both the $m=1$ kink and $m=0$ sausage modes were excited, and for large tubes numerous $m$ and radial order modes were excited. Our results demonstrate that numerical simulations are an efficient, robust, and straightforward method to treat the action of flux tubes on waves regardless of their size. The simulations are a rich source of information, which can be used to better understand the observations in future studies.

\bibliographystyle{spr-mp-sola}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home > Vol 84, No 1 (2019) >	Bulut
The Medicinal and Wild Food Plants of Batman City and Kozluk District (Batman-Turkey)
Gizem BULUT, Ahmet DOĞAN, İsmail ŞENKARDEŞ, Rojda AVCI, Ertan TUZLACI
This paper reports an ethnobotanical investigation carried out in 2012 to record medicinal and wild food plants of Batman City and Kozluk District. Totally, forty-one plants are recorded as used as traditional folk medicine for the region, and twenty of these are also used as a source of wild food. The most commonly used plants in the region as medicinal remedies were Malva nicaeensis, Pistacia khinjuk, Plantago major subsp. intermedia and Teucrium polium. Plants are mostly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal system diseases, respiratory system diseases and diabetes. The species most commonly used for food are: Gundelia tournefortii, Pistacia khinjuk and Rhus coriaria. This ethnobotanical study conducted in both districts will enable the traditional use of wild plants both as food sources and herbal remedies to be passed on to future generations.
ethnobotany, Traditional medicine, Wild food plants, Batman, Turkey


Baking with kids will teach them about food, food safety, and cooking techniques. They'll learn all kinds of things, from what ingredients do to how to use kitchen appliances. You can bake cakes, cookies, and even savoury dishes if you like. Kids love helping grown ups cook, so make sure you let them!
Gardening is a great hobby for kids to try, as they get to plant things and watch them grow. Why not take them to the shop and let them pick some seeds to plant in the garden? Watering them and watching them transform will be so much fun for your child. They'll feel a great sense of accomplishment too. You could even get them a ready grown potted plant and help them transfer it to your garden soil.
If you have a pet, why not teach them how to groom it and help look after it? They'll learn all kinds of important things about animals, how to treat them, and how to keep them in good shape. This will also take some of the pressure off you, as you won't be the only one taking care of your pet. You know they'll be great pet owners later in life too.
Collecting can come in many shapes and sizes. Work out what your child's interests are and go from there. They may like to collect dinky cars, or even dolls. Having a collection is very exciting for a child, even if it's just a collection of pogs or trading cards.
Drawing will help your child to peak their inner artist. Make sure you let them draw whatever they like, and encourage any originality. Don't make a big deal if they draw a dog with no legs - praise their originality.
Writing is so much fun for kids and will teach them all about the English language. Encourage them to write different kinds of stories and poems to read to you and see what they come up with. They might shock you!
Sewing is a great skill to have, although you will need to supervise your child with the needle. There are sewing kits available especially for kids, so you could start them off by making their very own sock bunny. They could even use cross stitch to create a picture of their favourite cartoon character. Whatever they create, make sure you display it proudly and praise them for it!
These hobbies will all teach your kids valuable things about life. You can be sure that they'll grow up to be creative, well rounded individuals if you encourage them to do things like this from a young age. Good luck!


text:
HomeArizonaDucey Shuts Down Testimony By Jeffries, Loftus On DES Debacle
Ducey Shuts Down Testimony By Jeffries, Loftus On DES Debacle
March 22, 2017 ADI News Services
Arizona State Capitol Executive Tower [Wikimedia Commons]
On Tuesday, Tim Jeffries, former director of the Department of Economic Security for Arizona was scheduled to appear before the House Committee on Federalism, Property Rights and Public Policy to discuss the massive software failure and associated costs of the State's benefits program. Jeffries' appearance was canceled after Governor Doug Ducey, through the House leadership made his opposition to the appearance known.
Jeffries was scheduled to appear with long-time and well-respected law enforcement veteran Charles Loftus, who served in the Department of Economic Security (DES) Office of Inspector General's Office. The two men were invited to appear before the Committee by its chair, Representative Bob Thorpe.
Loftus was prepared to testify that the governor's office was interfering with fraud investigations when known donors and suspected friends of the Governor came under investigation. Loftus with concurrence from his supervisors took the case to the Arizona Attorney General's office for investigation and prosecution. Loftus was abruptly terminated along with Director Jeffries by Kirk Adams, Governor Ducey's Chief of Staff and rumored dark money coordinator shortly after taking the case to the AG's Office.
According to sources, the governor was afraid of being embarrassed by what Jeffries and Loftus had to report. Ignoring the separation of powers, House Majority Leader John Allen advised Thorpe that the testimony was not welcome in the House. Instead the Governor's Office offered an appearance by Morgan Reed, the State's CIO.
On Tuesday, Reed notified Thorpe that he was unable to make the meeting as well.
Jeffries, a fearless and devout man of faith, appeared on the James T. Harris show to discuss the matter.
[Listen to the interview here]
"I was invited by Representative Bob Thorpe, to speak before the Committee regarding the multi-million dollar failure and debacle that is a major software system for our state. Last week, I was invited. Yesterday I was disinvited. Yesterday the State's CIO was invited, and today the State's CIO said he could not appear. The net-net of this is unfortunately folks in the Executive Tower," said Jeffries referring to the Governor's Office "are not open to the transparency our citizens deserve and demand."
Harris asked Jeffries about the fact that the governor was rumored to be afraid of being embarrassed. Jeffries said, "As you recall, I served as the director of Economic Security for 633 days, and on day 500, which would be July 13, 2016, I had an excellent meeting with the governor and his Chief of Operations, Henry Darwin. And in that meeting, I briefed them at the end about this massive failure – and I believe -scandal of this major software system. So at that time, I recommended quite enthusiastically, that the vendor be terminated and we stop the incineration of taxpayer dollars." Jeffries said he thought at the time that the governor willing to tackle the issue. "Well here it is eight months later, and best I can tell $50 million more has been paid to this inept vendor; wasting taxpayer dollars. That $50 million does not even include time and materials; so we probably burned another $75 million of taxpayer funds because we don't have a spine to do the right thing."
Harris had asked Jeffries about legislation that Thorpe had hoped to pass that would limit time and material contract awards like that which was used for the development of the HEAPlus software system to facilitate the State's Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act. Jeffries explained to Harris why those contracts, as is the case with HEAPlus, are so reckless. "Amazingly, when Arizona moved down the road to bring in a new Medicaid system, which would be integrated with food stamps and welfare payments, when AHCCCS (the State's welfare system) signed the agreement with this vendor (SIS, LLC) it was not a contract. It did not have deliverables, or milestones, or timelines, or claw backs. It was purely a time and materials agreement. Basically the State said – with taxpayer money –'go to work,' and the vendor said the initiative would take 20 months and cost $47 million. Okay; well that sounds like a short time, but a lot of money. When I briefed the governor and Chief Darwin on this we were at approximately 52 months and $102 million. And of course now we are rapidly approaching 60 months and well over $150 million, and that's $100 million over projection and the system is only a third done."
"It is breathtaking, and sickening to the core. The system was initiated as a result of the passage of Obamacare and the expansion of Medicaid in Arizona, and I won't take any issue with that, but America knows that the federal government failed with the Obamacare system. Most of America knows that any number of states failed with their respective systems. We were just building a Medicaid expansion system basically, and we're one of the big failures in the country, and no one knows it. And that's ridiculous. I was in a meeting any number of months ago prior to my "resignation" from the Agency and a very well-intended deputy of AHCCCS said to me, as I was losing my mind about the money, the well-intended AHCCCS person said, 'Director Jeffries this is federal money,' and I said 'yes, but that's our money; that's not free money. Federal money is not free money. It's the most expensive money, and so even though the general fund investment in this rapidly approaching $200 million debacle – even with the bulk of it is federal funds – those are still federal funds expended, and it's all out of our pockets."
Harris asked Jeffries if it was true that "DES alone has projected at least $80 million in state employee time invested in the 'solutioning' and trouble-shooting the SIS system that DES eligibility workers darkly refer to as "HEAminus?" Jeffries replied, "I tasked a team, that I was privilege to lead for those 633 days in the spring and summer of last year, to give me an estimate of how much time just DES had burned on the system. The estimate was; DES time invested was upwards of $80 million, and that also includes not fully the lost time for system outages, for system delays, not to mention the suffering we subject our clients to because if you don't mind me saying so government sucks."
Harris asked about the fact that it is now well-known It is a well-known fact that Jeffries was targeted by the governor due to his desire to clean up the system and expose the corruption. Jeffries responded, "This is a sad, tragic, non-transparent, wholly unnecessary failure that most Americans citizens are hardwired to believe happens every day, which in government it does happen every day. Well, at least for our system it is happening every day. Because eight months ago our top rate IT team recommended we get out of the system. I recommended it to the governor; eight months later we're still burning state and federal dollars on it."
Harris asked Jeffries if he was surprised by the governors "heavy-handed approach" to the House Committee on Tuesday. Harris said, "It's looking like telephone calls were made, orders were given, and this thing was shut-the-hell-down. Jeffries responded, "It was shut-the-hell-down and that is not only inept; it's scandalous and bordering on corrupt because our citizens deserve better. I care for the governor. I still love him like a brother; big time. I place a lot of this on his Chief of Staff Kirk Adams; the master puppeteer, who never lead a large organization in his life. The governor trusts him to get stuff done and based on sources – I have sources because I'm still pretty connected at the Capital – more than a few people were dialed up and were told – directed – to not let this hearing happen. What's interesting to me is one; it's heavy handed, and two; what happened to the separation of powers in our state? Members of the House and Senate serve at the pleasure of our citizens; not at the pleasure of our governor. I'm hopeful that our House members and senators engage on this because we are wasting money, and it's not the only thing that I know where tens of millions of dollars of being wasted."
"Government should be better," concluded Jeffries, "and it can be. I just paid my taxes and I looked at that Arizona line, and I thought wow -that's great – some of that is going to HEAPlus and isn't that a great an investment. It's ridiculous."
Rep. Mark Finchem stated, "I am deeply disturbed by these events. Many of my colleagues and I work diligently to hunt down waste, fraud and inefficiencies in our state government. Frankly speaking, I don't care where hearings on such matters go, as long as we get to an honest & ethical conclusion."
"It is our job to question, examine and hear testimony about the things that happen in all four branches of Arizona government. That is a big part of the purpose behind separation of powers. Right now I have many questions that will not be resolved until answered," concluded Finchem.
Testimony Before the House Intelligence Committee
Court Rejects Cases On Navajo Generating Station Impact
jdfast says:
Seems like our illustrious governor and his cronies and minions are in full CYA mode. I must give Jeffries props for telling it like it is. Federal funds are taxpayer dollars, you know, yours and mine that are pissed away continually to enrich a crony or minion. SSDD in our worthless government. I would expect nothing different on the local, state or national level. Just look at Pima County, the COT and the State. What don't we understand about the politicians work for us and not we work for them?
Gov Ducey, like Obama, knows that the media will not hold him or any other establishment politician to account, so it became critical to him to do whatever was necessary to muzzle Jeffries by denying him the opportunity to bring his concerns to the high profile forum of the State House. The fact that House Majority leader Allen and Rep.Thorp are colluding with Ducey on this coverup is the real story and confirms suspicions that the AZ GOP is as corrupt as the AZ Dem. Pty., given that Ducey`s fear of transparency should not be news to anyone.
Timothy Jeffries, former Director of Arizona DES says:
Justice takes vigilance. Justice takes action.
BS says:
Thank you Timothy Jefferies for doing what is right even when all around you are not.
David Thompson says:
Ducey must have pictures on the entire legislature, apparently no one has sufficient courage to serve the public that elected them to their office.
It is no wonder Arizona is consistently rated among the worst legislatures in the country.
DES PSE 3 says:
So, we received an email at work from the interim Director Darwin stating that we will not be receiving merrit payments/bonuses durring this evaluation due to severe budget cuts. WOW, and where is the money going???
This interim Director also sent an email at the beginning of his assignment Mocking and stating that he will not give us any "pep talks" and that things will now be how they were before Director Jeffries. Now, those DES Values that Jeffries enforced are not even mentioned any more by any of the high management and now I see why. Diirector Jeffries found money that was being misused, he fixed a lot of issues with the agency as well as started fixing the HEA problem. Pontius, or should I say Ducey, needs to open his eyes to reality and get rid of that Darwin Clown and bring back real change.
What DES PSE 3 says is absolutely true. Director J was able to keep on top of the budget sufficiently to provide merit bonuses both years he was in charge. These were bonuses based on performance, not just showing up to work, and would be considered in any organization appropriate spending to meet desired goals (i.e. productivity and efficiency while prioritizing customer care). Now that Director J is gone, high performers and slackers are all treated the same and the tax dollars go to paying nonstop for computer systems that will never be functional.
I can also verify the tone of the email sent from the interim Director when he came on board; shameful. I would like to add a side-note to all this though: a few weeks ago the Manager of my Department (which shall remain anonymous) sent out a department-wide email that had a Smiley Face at the end of it. I guess he didn't get the memo that Mr. Smiley was exited from DES along with Director J! 🙂
Mark White says:
As an employee of DES, yes, we got an email from our interim Director stating we couldn't get our merit bonuses, and he continued on by saying how important it is to be mindful of taxpayer dollars. That's laughable, considering the millions of dollars that have been sunk into a non-sustainable system like HEA. How about some backbone Mr. Darwin. Better yet, how about some backbone, Governor Ducey. Your day will come. The way you treated Tim Jeffries will be coming back to you. I guarantee it
The Oracle of Tucson says:
A big "Thank you" to Mr. Jeffries for trying to do the right thing. The day will come and the secrets will be revealed and the truth will shine on those who decided to lie, steal and act in the shadows of deceit.
Aric says:
I wrote a letter to ducey about his opposition and the cancelling of Jeffries testimony, he certainly got an earful from me, but I know he doesn't care one bit. I am just somebody he considers a nobody and of course silence, not even a emailed " thank you for writing our "illustrious" governor. But I got my frustration off my chest. Business as usual in Arizona.
Damsel in distress says:
I don't normally comment on stuff like this but I'm heart broken. 4 months ago my husband was the sole provider for our family and everything was perfect. Tragedy hit our home when our eldest son, passed away, December 2016 at 3 years old and our second son was to be born in March. My husband and I have hardly been able to function as our lives are crumbling before our eyes. In January, my husband was convienently laid off from his job putting us in an even tighter spot. I went to the local DES office to apply for TANF, medical assistance, and nutrition assistance and was denied any services because my husband's income from the last 60 days was too high. I spoke with another office and they said I was denied because of my current pregnancy. I asked to speak with a supervisor and she told me the system (I'm assuming is HEA Plus) said I was denied but neither of those reasons were accurate and the real reason I was denied was because I didn't have any children at that point in time and they are only accepting parents with children under 18. Talk about a stab in the heart. I requested a 'fair hearing' based on their results. I was absolutely devastated and unsure of what the real reason is that I was denied and in the meantime my husband was admitted to the hospital on suicide watch. Two days later, the stress forced me to have an emergency c-section 3 weeks early, and have since received a $41k bill from the hospital. The day I was released from the hospital I went to back to my local DES office, waited 3 hours to be told I missed the hearing and they can't backdate their services to cover the birth. I told them I never received any letters and they said I was supposed to check on their website regularly.
I can't stop crying I don't even want to finish. The point is… to date, I was told by a DES employee I should have been approved and it's a common glitch in the system but unfortunately, there was nothing they could do. I've lost my house, my husband, and my child. I've lost my life. My tragedy is not DES fault and I'm not entitled to any assistance. I just wonder where my life would be if I did receive it when I applied the first time. I heard that Vermont, Maryland and Pennsylvania care deeply about the people that live in their state and would right their wrongs. I don't want to leave Arizona but I need someone to care about me.
Frontier Adds Service From Sky Harbor To San Diego, Salt Lake City, Detroit, Fargo
Oro Valley Police Identify Teen Killed In Collision


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Sushma Swaraj reaches Tokyo for 9th India-Japan Strategic Dialogue
March 28, 2018 by Sameer
Tokyo: External Affairs Minister (EAM) Sushma Swaraj reached Tokyo on Wednesday to attend the ninth India-Japan Strategic Dialogue with Japanese Foreign Taro Kono.
The strategic dialogue between Swaraj and Kono is scheduled to take place on Thursday.
Swaraj is on a three-day visit to Tokyo from 28-30 March 2018.
As per an official release by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), the two sides will review all aspects of bilateral relations and exchange views on regional and international issues of common interest.
The MEA further said that the visit of Japanese Prime Minister to India in 2017 gave 'fresh impetus' to the bilateral ties between the two countries.
"Bilateral relations have been strengthened in diverse sectors in recent years. The visit of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to India in September 2017 has given fresh impetus to the ties," the MEA said.
"Japan is today one of the largest investors in India, with a growing presence in infrastructure projects, manufacturing, financial markets and capacity-building, among others," it added.
Earlier in 2014, India and Japan concluded a Special Strategic and Global Partnership during the landmark visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Japan. (ANI)
Categories India Tags EAM, Sushma Swaraj Post navigation
Baloch people are victims of Pak war crimes: Activist
128,000 civilians leave Syria's Eastern Ghouta


Fortnite could use a trial ground like that to settle disputes between friends or online trash talkers. this idea on reddit and it got me thinking about what this mode would look like.
Obviously, players can already go 1v1 in the playground, but that mode can be much different than the game itself.
Fortnite already has a massive map with many key points of interest. Each named location could just as well be a directory and players could set preferences and ban maps before playing.
More players would probably have to start out with a partial loadout, maybe just a rare AR and tactical shotgun.
Players would also need to start out with materials, but not so much that farming is completely unnecessary.
v1, that would become easier.
The ultimate problem could be that Epic prefers not have a ranked system. These allow players to feel the anniversary when they win, and let's be honest, probably some players they are better than they really are.
A ranked mode takes all subjectivity out of it. That may not be the direction Epic hopes to take Fortnite.
What do you think? Do you want this fashion? If you do, how would you look?


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Home » Music » Nerd Dreams: LEGO Depeche Mode Robots
Nerd Dreams: LEGO Depeche Mode Robots
Written by Jenna Rose Robbins Published on August 16, 2014 Updated on March 3, 2019 in Music
Although this video doesn't have quite the cute factor that the South American Depeche Mode-loving family has, it's still rather impressive — and appealing to us nerds. How long did it take this guy to set up everything? I have nowhere near as much patience.
If you're wondering more about the artist, this is from their website (minus the grammar issues):
Toa Mata Band is known as the world's first LEGO robotic band, controlled by Arduino Uno, which is hooked up to a MIDI sequencer.
Jenna Rose Robbins has ghostwritten more than 12 books, including two New York Times bestsellers, and is the author of Faithful and Devoted: Confessions of a Music Addict, which was a finalist for the BookLife Prize. After graduating from the University of Michigan, Jenna earned her Master's of Professional Writing from the University of Southern California. When she's not getting eyestrain at her computer, Jenna can generally be found trying to avoid emergency rooms around the world.
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text:
A shame this story on licensing reform isn't from North Carolina
by Jon Sanders
Research Editor and Senior Fellow, Regulatory Studies, John Locke Foundation
North Carolina is partly responsible for the de-licensing revolution going on in other states. But oddly enough, so far we've been sitting it out.
So the Wall Street Journal writes about "Arizona's Licensing Liberation." Locker Room readers will be familiar with some of these reforms. They've been discussed here and here.
Here are snippets from the WSJ:
The new legislation applies to more than 40 professions, from cosmetologists and court reporters to psychologists and surgeons. Newcomers often had to pay hundreds of dollars and spend thousands of hours in training before they could practice their occupation in Arizona—even if they had done the same job safely for years elsewhere.
They'll now receive an Arizona license as long as they've held a comparable one in another state for at least a year. …
Arizona has long required hair stylists to complete a minimum of 1,000 hours of training, even if they never handle chemicals or scissors. … Now Arizona will allow salon workers to do blowouts, straightening, curling or other basic styling after they complete a simple course from the state Board of Cosmetology on sanitation and preventing infectious disease. The reform opens up an appealing job option for low-skilled workers who otherwise would have had to pay between $8,000 and $15,000 for schooling to do the same work, says Republican state Sen. Michelle Ugenti-Rita.
The WSJ list of Arizona reforms includes a new one:
On April 1, Gov. Ducey signed the Ice Cream Freedom Bill, which loosens licensing for mom-and-pop restaurants and vendors that make their own small-batch ice cream for customers to eat on-site. The old rules drew no distinction between these small outfits and major ice-cream manufacturers. Establishments like Churn—a Phoenix shop whose largest ice-cream batch is eight gallons—could be ordered to buy industrial repasturization equipment that costs tens of thousands of dollars and consumes enormous amounts of electricity.
Under the new rules, they have to pass a simple inspection. The legislation affects a handful of small businesses, but GOP state Rep. Jeff Weninger, says it's part of a larger message: "We are open for business, and we're trying to cut back on red tape here in the state of Arizona."
Arizona's reforms are in line with JLF's recommendations
Requiring inspections in lieu of licensing when an inspection is all that's needed to address the safety concern? How liberating. And it's directly in line with what we've been promoting in North Carolina for years.
From my report on "Modernizing North Carolina's Outdated Occupational Licensing Practices":
Placing state entry regulations on some people's chosen fields of labor should be a regulation of last resort, reserved only for the most extreme regulatory concerns. A state that recognizes its people have a constitutional right to "the enjoyment of the fruits of their own labor" should be extra careful its laws don't tread on that right.
The state's involvement in an occupation should be conformed to the legitimate issue at hand, and then go no further. What would that mean?
Matching regulation to concern
It means if there's a significant concern about protecting consumers from fraud, then enhance the powers of the attorney general and the deceptive trade practices act.
If the significant concern is over cleanliness, then require inspections.
If it's damage to third parties, require bonding.
If it's shady, fly-by-night providers, require registration.
And if it's insurance reimbursement or a knowledge imbalance, require certification.
Unlike licensing, none of those policies would preclude North Carolinians from enjoying their self-evident right to the enjoyment of their own labor.
Jon Sanders
Serving as Senior Fellow of Regulatory Studies and also Research Editor at Locke, Jon researches a broad range of areas, including energy and electricity policy, occupational licensing, red tape and overregulation, executive orders and overreach, emerging ideas and economic growth, cronyism and other public-choice problems, alcohol policy, poverty and opportunity, and other issues as they arise.
The House Budget Had Good Ideas for Opticians, and the Final Budget Can, Too
How an Overzealous Licensing Board's Threat Shows the Need for Structural Licensing Reform
We Can Help Military Spouses. Here's How.


Trimming and preparing primals for processing.
Following and being aware of the Departmental SOP's.
Maintaining the fast pace environment in line with production needs.
Working with the Production Managers and Team Leaders to achieve the Department targets.
Ensuring Customer and Company specifications are achieved.
Working to a Clean As You Go policy, ensuring your work area is kept clean at all times.
Promoting and maintaining Health, Safety and Hygiene standards in accordance with Company rules and regulations.
The above is not an exhaustive list of the duties and responsibilities of these positions but aims to give a general overview of the positions.
Will display a positive and pro- active attitude towards work and colleagues.
Possess the necessary knife skills.
Maintain pride in their work.
Work well to meet deadlines.
Will be committed to working within the Company values.
Full training will be given for these roles to include manual handling, health and safety, and basic food hygiene.
A vacancy has arisen for a Hygiene Operative to work on the night shift in Felinfach. The main function of the role is to ensure that the production areas are cleaned adequately, through pressure washing, for production to commence without delay.
Removal of all loose debris from all surfaces.
Dismantling appropriate parts of the machinery to allow cleaning/pressure washing to reach difficult areas.
Pressure washing of all machinery and all surfaces within the designated area.
Re-cleaning of any area found not to have been cleaned to the required standards identified at the final inspection.
Replenishing all dispensers (soap, sanitising gel, paper towels, bin bags) in the hygiene points within the designated areas.
Conducting deep cleaning as required.
Completion and sign off of all relevant documentation (cleaning schedules, cleaning diary etc.).
General hygiene/day cleaning duties when required.
General dry and wet cleaning in site amenities when required.
The above is not an exhaustive list of the duties and responsibilities of this role, but aims to give a general overview of the position.
The successful candidate will have experience of cleaning and excellent attention to detail.
Good communication skills, particularly with the supervisor.
Committed to working within the company values.
Full training will be given for this role to include manual handling, health and safety, and basic food hygiene.
The production department is the hub of the business and the Team Leaders play an integral part of the operational process. The role encompasses the responsibility for the efficient, safe and hygienic operation of the production line, quality of product, and supervising staff. The Production Team Leaders play an essential part in improvement initiatives through team motivation and leading by example.
Liaising with Production Managers to ensure correct preparation for the forthcoming production run, including documentation, packaging, and labels.
Making sure that all machines are set up as per Product Specifications.
Ensuring that all orders are completed on time in accordance with the production schedule and record accurate times and packs produced on template.
Ensuring that line standards are fully understood, adhered to and communicated to your team to include Labour (Crew size), PPM, Yield & Giveaway & that you and your team follow Company and legislative regulations on Health, Safety and Hygiene at all times.
Raw material checks, such as fat content.
Product quality checks such as appearance & eating quality.
Temperature monitoring & ensuring gas checks are undertaken.
Completion of all relevant documentation to ensure customer specifications & requirements are met.
Good working and practical knowledge of production equipment with the ability to problem solve and offer solutions when required to do so.
Excellent communication skills and the ability to interact with customers.
Proficiencies in Microsoft Office, in particular MS Excel.
Ideally working in a fast paced environment.
All candidates must be flexible and may be requested to work additional hours when required to meet customer demands. Essentially we are seeking determined, self-motivated individuals who can make a positive contribution to the Company's future growth.
The production department is the hub of the business and the Machine Minders play an integral part of the operational process, encompassing responsibility for the efficient and safe operation of the production machinery.
Supporting the Team Leader to ensure production targets are met within deadlines, without compromising product quality.
Ensuring that Quality, H&S and other Company policies are adhered to.
Working with others and following the Team Leader's instructions.
Meeting efficiency, yield and packs per minute targets.
Discussing issues and also raising new ideas for improving the business with the Team Leaders.
Operating the machinery as required.
Having full SOP awareness of the machine.
Working with the Team Leader to ensure operational efficiency of the machine, and that it is ready for production.
Ensuring smooth operation of product change overs.
Identifying basic faults, being mindful of machinery issues and reporting any failures.
Full training will be given for these roles to include manual handling, health& safety and basic food hygiene.
A vacancy has arisen for an Accounts Assistant at one of our clients in Llangadog. The successful candidate will be required to work as part of a team and to provide skilled support to the Finance function.
Possess strong planning skills with the ability to implement processes and procedures and to track progress. Attention to detail, commitment and the ability to accept responsibility are key in this role.
A vacancy has arisen for an Operator in one of our Client. The main function of the role is to use our Handling System and Retort Cookers. The candidate will need experience with operating machinery.
Receiving Cans onto Cage Loader and Can Cage unloader to Warehouse.
Inputting recipes into touch screen computer.
Ensuring smooth and continuous running of Can Handling System.
Ability to use initiative and adapt to changing situations.
The Opportunity: CSA Recruitment are looking to hear from Chefs who are looking for the next step on the career ladder. We are the largest independent recruiter in the South Wales area and have been running for over 20 years.
We work with a number of clients across South Wales on a range of different positions.
CSA Recruitment specialise in specialist recruitment across South Wales. We are always looking for skilled candidates, if you are looking to develop yourself and are looking to take the next step on the career ladder then call 01554 746 746.
We are currently looking to recruit General Operatives to work in the food production areas in our client in Cross Hands.
The above is not an exhaustive list of the duties and responsibilities of that position but aims to give general overview of the position.
Provide shift rosters for all CSA staff with the objective of ensuring parity of hours.
Liaison with Our Client Managers to ensure that any issues are highlighted and actioned immediately.
To monitor and administer absences and holidays ensuring they are remain within set parameters.
To ensure that return to work interviews following periods of sickness or unauthorised absences are conducted.
Identify and co-ordinate med screening on CSA employees.
To provide welfare support for CSA staff.
Arrange and conduct induction for new starters, ensuring that the correct documentation is checked and processed.
Ensure that all leavers return locker keys and swipe cards and have followed set procedures and exit interviews.
Daily monitoring meeting with Our Client Managers to discuss shift allocations, order deadlines, shift requirements and transfers etc.
Attend weekly meetings with Our Client Managers and CSA On Site Operations Manager to look at variations, Managers issues, holiday planning etc.
Implement the company's Human Resource procedures.
Organisation of internal staff transfers, and providing the appropriate documentation.
Ensure CSA staff comply with site hygiene and Health & Safety procedures.
All employees are engaged on the principle that due to pressure of work, or other fluctuating circumstances, they may be asked to carry out any reasonable task.
THIS DESCRIPTION IS NOT INTENDED TO ESTABLISH A TOTAL DEFINITION OF THE JOB, BUT AN OUTLINE OF THE MAIN DUTIES.
Dissection of the carcasses to the elements, using the saw or knife.
Compliance with standards and specifications set by the clients.
Keep meat yield and quality standard at the current level.


Find fun tours & activities around Korcula!
Korcula Island (pronounced kor chula) is one of the most delightful in southern Dalmatia. Nearly 47km long and 8km wide, it's blanketed with dense woods and fringed with indented coves. The interior is lush and hilly, rich with vineyards, olive groves and peaceful villages.
The jewel of the island is undoubtedly Korcula town, a cluster of remarkable Venetian-gothic architecture on a narrow peninsula. Lustrous Korcula stone formed the basis for a highly refined stone-carving tradition evident in the balustrades and reliefs of Korcula town. Often called a "little Dubrovnik", Korcula town is nowhere near as crowded as Dubrovnik and noticeably more peaceful than Hvar town on nearby Hvar island.
Its heritage is celebrated each week with the colourful Moreska Sword Dance. From Korcula, it's easy to day trip to lovely Badija Island.
Much of Korcula's economy is devoted to producing olive oil and wine. The grk grape, grown outside Lumbarda is used to make a popular dessert wine of the same name. Thousands of old olive trees on the island are carefully tended; the resulting oil is rich and fruity. Citrus fruit, figs, almonds, carob and vegetables are also grown. The island is a great place to visit in autumn when islanders return from tending tourists and harvest their grapes and olives.
Lumbarda is a small village only a few kilometres outside Korcula town known for its sandy beaches.
Racisce is the village of choice for local seamen. Lying 13km west of Korcula town along a large bay, Racisce makes a good cycling destination from Korcula and a relaxing place to stay. There are also two small beaches near town.
Pupnat is a hill village overlooking one of the most beautiful bays on the Adriatic, Pupnatska Luka. It can be quite crowded in summer and difficult to find parking as the road to the beach is lined with cars. It's possible to dine, drink and rent beach chairs and umbrellas.
Blato is a large town of about 4000 people that boasts an elegant 14th century church.
Brna is a small fishing village that hosts the fabulous four-star Aminess Lume Hotel.
Vela Luka is one of the island's main port of entries and a good alternative base for exploring the island.
Dive centres sometimes organise scuba diving excursions to nearby Te Vega off Susac.
Staying on Korcula Island is very much a seasonal affair as many hotels, inns and guesthouses close between November and March. Find out more about accommodation on Korcula Island.
Like other southern Dalmatian islands, Korcula first attracted the Greeks who gave way to the Romans in the 1st century. The Slavs eventually settled the island and, for a brief period it fell under the rule of Ragusa (Dubrovnik). The Venetians ruled the island from 1420 to 1797 and built Korcula Town in the 15th century. The builders cleverly took advantage of the windy climate by running the west streets straight to open the city to the westerly maestral winds and curving the east streets to protect the town from the cold, north-easterly bura winds. Find out more about Korcula history.
There's no airport (yet) on Korcula Island so at some point you'll have to cross the water by car ferry, passenger ferry, shuttle or bus. Getting back and forth to Dubrovnik is a straightforward trip on a passenger ferry but only from around June to September. Also seasonal is a shuttle bus direct from Dubrovnik airport and various passenger ferries that run from Split to Dubrovnik, stopping at Korcula and other islands. A car ferry from Split runs year-round. Find out more about getting to Korcula.
The Korcula Island tourist office (tel 020-715 701) is at obala Tudmana 4, Korcula town.


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Although every student at KHS sits at the same desks and walks the same halls, each individual does not necessarily have equal educational opportunities. A 2015 KSD task force report, co-chaired by previous school board president Darnel Frost and assistant superintendent Dr. Bryan Painter revealed academic achievement gaps between white and African American students.
According to the KSD task force report, on average white students score proficient or advanced 27.7 percent more on the English 2 End of Course Exam than African American students. Continually, African American students score lower on EOC tests and other academic evaluations than their white peers.
KSD organized this task force in 2015 to address the academic gap, as well as to make recommendations to the school board for closing it. They did so by listening to the community and members of KSD. The discussions and evaluations were conducted for the purpose of understanding and eliminating the achievement gap.
Within the task force, a diverse group of over 70 community members and faculty met to address the various aspects of the achievement gap. They started with general meetings and breaking into smaller, more concentrated groups, which met and produced a report with a comprehensive evaluation of the gap.
Havener believes in the importance of pushing minority students, especially African American students, into higher-level classes as a way to close the gap. He also realizes that no one answer will solve the problem, as the achievement gap is a complex issue.
Jim Cibulka, physics teacher, shares this opinion, yet realizes the challenges presented in pushing these higher-level classes, and making them accessible and welcoming for all students. Cibulka is hopeful that the efforts made by KSD to close the achievement gap will pay off.
In addition to addressing how advanced placement and higher level classes can be made more accessible for African American and other minority students, the task force also took the approach of evaluating how the buildings themselves can better reflect the diversity of the students through a program called Equity Walks, one of the proudest accomplishments of the task force. Individuals of various races and ethnic groups participated in walks throughout KSD buildings to evaluate them. Walk participants evaluated the representation of minority and African American students in photographs and decorations throughout the building, as well as other aspects.
However, this is not the first time that KSD has attempted to address the gap. They attempted to address this gap in 1990 and again in 2003, with "little meaningful change" according to the report.
"I cannot really pinpoint exactly why we were pretty unsuccessful." "There's a lot of things you can look at, you can go to class issues, you can go to so many things," Frost said.


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text:
Russia Criticizes U.S. Over Biological Weapons Report
August 01, 2005 21:21 GMT
31 August 2005 -- Russia today criticized a U.S. report that suggests Moscow maintains an offensive biological weapons program.
The Russian Foreign Ministry said in an statement that Russia is dedicated to the strict adherence to the Biological
and Toxin Weapons Convention.
The statement came one day after the release of a U.S. State Department report that says Russia "continues to
maintain" an offensive biological weapons program, in violation of the convention.
The U.S. report also accuses Iran, North Korea, and Syria of maintaining biological-weapons programs.
The U.S. State Department says the cases addressed in the report were limited to countries for which the most evidence exists of actual or potential noncompliance with the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.
Week in Russia Region Widget-GR-1878
Top Trending Russia
The Search For The Russian Assets Of The Kazakh President's Family


Cardenio and Sibila are a brother and sister team looking for new accommodations. Sibila, a cute tuxie girl, is a shy and gentle lady who is easy to love. Cardenio, a handsome black male, is an affectionate, social outgoing guy who is very dog-like. Sibila and Cardi enjoy napping and playing, and both are great with children.


text:
Q: Combining set with set operators When working with set operators (UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, EXCEPT), I realized that :

*

*they use distinctness-based comparison and not equality based.

*Because these operators are set operators and not cursor operators,
the individual queries are not allowed to have ORDER BY clauses.

I want to understand these two points.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Han Solo lies carbon-frozen in the hands of the hideous gangster, Jabba the Hutt. As Luke and Leia race to the rescue, the Rebel commanders are planning the next move against the Empire.
Even as the Rebel ships mass to form a giant armada, the Galactic Emperor orders construction to begin on a new space station, many times more powerful than the dreaded Death Star. . .
Or find "Return of The Jedi" on VHS and DVD / BluRay at Amazon.


Alpha Industries Black Top Gun Flight Jacket.
The Alpha Industries famous MA-1 Youths Flight Jacket is a mid-weight nylon jacket with water resistance and scads of versatility and is the same as the adults MA-1 Navy fighter pilot jacket which was the first military flight jacket to cross over into civilian fashion.
This jacket features all the same authentic features of the adults MA-1 including the reversible bright orange lining. This nylon flight jacket includes knit cuffs, a knit collar and waistband, as well as a strong front zipper with storm flap for warmth and includes 8 embroidered sewn on patches.


Since Gmail changed its inbox layout, many marketers find their emails appearing under the "Promotions" tab in Gmail, instead of the recipient's inbox.
The tabs are optional for Gmail users, but many recipients are choosing to take advantage of them, to make sorting their mail easier. This isn't all bad news for marketers, however, as Return Path have done a study of 3 million Gmail users, which shows that emails now have a higher deliverability, read and open rate than before, and less mails are ending up in the spam folder.
If you do want to ensure that your messages end up in the inbox, rather than the promotions tab, you'll need to speak to your subscribers.
Here are our tips for ensuring that your mails appear in the right place.
Make sure that your mails are completely relevant to your recipients, and that you maintain a high delivery and interaction rate.
Ask your subscribers to add your email address to their address book.
Ask your subscribers to move your emails to their primary inbox.


The School partners with parents and guardians in the education of their children by providing a high quality school that prepare students for lives of leadership, accomplishment, and exemplary character.
Clay Avenue Community School is a charter elementary school. The School provides an alternative to public schools that have been ineffective in meeting certain family and student learning needs and is an alternative to cost-prohibitive private schools. The School traditionally serves students who have either been displaced or underserved by traditional public schools.
Would you recommend Clay Avenue Community School?


BIG game calls for a BIG party at the Double Deuce! Join us on February 3rd to watch the Los Angeles Rams vs. New England Patriots at your favorite Gaslamp Quarter bar for four rooms, two levels and one KICK @$$ party!
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We are committed to making on-going improvements to our Online Safeguarding provision within school and you can view our policy below.
These websites are suitable for children. Please share them with your child.
Advice and information about online safety.
E-Safety advice, games and songs for kids.
Working to make the Internet a great and safe place for children.
A website which is all about kids supporting kids online. Contains useful support and advice for reporting problems.
For E-Safety advice and guidance for parents and carers please look at the web links below.
Guidance on helping keep children and young people safe online.
View and download copies of this magazine which includes great advice and tips for parents.
Please visit the CEOP You Tube Video page which contains a variety of videos for Parents and Carers about different aspects of E-Safety.
As part of our E-Safety teaching we ensure that we use safe search engines that are suitable for children. Here are some examples of the different search engines that are available. Please have a look and encourage your child to use these when searching the Internet at home.
Safer Internet Guidance This website provides some great advice and guidance for safer internet surfing.


text:
Q: Alguém sabe qual erro no Script do INNER JOIN que faz com que o valor se repita por toda tabela? Vez ou outra me pego batendo cabeça ao pensar o por que o meu INNER JOIN repete valores por toda coluna, mesmo sem correspondência entre as tabelas pela coluna selecionada.
SELECT notas_fiscais.NUMERO, tabela_de_clientes.NOME, tabela_de_clientes.CPF
FROM
    notas_fiscais INNER JOIN tabela_de_clientes
    ON notas_fiscais.CPF = tabela_de_clientes.CPF;

tabela trazendo todos os números das notas fiscais e repetindo o cliente e seu CPF por toda coluna.

A: Tenta assim! O left outer join traz apenas resultados que se equivalem.
SELECT notas_fiscais.NUMERO, tabela_de_clientes.NOME, tabela_de_clientes.CPF
FROM notas_fiscais
LEFT OUTER JOIN tabela_de_clientes ON notas_fiscais.CPF = tabela_de_clientes.CPF;


Rehab | Jesus Still Heals Today!
A guy I met today told me how he had been desperate because of the effect heroin drug addiction was having on his life.
My friend accepted he was the author of his own downfall. However, he doesn't want to get back into the dark place he was in before. His mother has told him she will have nothing to do with him if he goes back the way he was.
I told him I knew a local church which had a support group for people with addictions. I gave him the details and he was really pleased. We then went outside where I offered to pray for him and he agreed. He was really grateful after the prayer and thanked me most profusely.
I gave him my website details and invited him to contact me if he wanted a chat.
This entry was posted in Addiction, Alcohol, Evangelism, New Christian, Rehab and tagged cry for help, drug addiction, dry house, heroin, Jesus, Prayer, rehab on August 30, 2013 by jesushealstoday99.
This entry was posted in Addiction, Alcohol, ChristianTract, Evangelism, Rehab, Suicide and tagged hope, Jesus, peace, rehab, suicide on July 13, 2013 by jesushealstoday99.


Additionally, the committee replaced old dilapidated signs with new modern ones and was instrumental in getting miles of roads repaved and sidewalks repaired.
Steve says that many people from the city government helped Carrollwood Village along the way including County Commissioner Ken Hagen, County Transportation Program Manager Bob Campbell and County Traffic Engineer Mike Flick and the support of the Highway Patrol and the Hillsborough County Sherriff's Office.
On May 12 Carrollwood Village will be honored at the 15th Annual Neighborhoods Recognition Awards Luncheon as this year's recipient of the "Neighborhood Improvement" Award. This award is given annually to a neighborhood or individual that demonstrates their dedication and talent to their community. The prestigious honor recognizes the best of the best within Hillsborough County. In choosing the winner, several things were considered, including the quality and sustainability of a project and leadership and character of the individual or neighborhood.


text:
GM chickens that don't transmit bird flu developed
by University of Cambridge
(PhysOrg.com) -- Chickens genetically modified to prevent them spreading bird flu have been produced by researchers at the Universities of Cambridge and Edinburgh.
The scientists have successfully developed genetically modified (transgenic) chickens that do not transmit avian influenza virus to other chickens with which they are in contact. This genetic modification has the potential to stop bird flu outbreaks spreading within poultry flocks. This would not only protect the health of domestic poultry but could also reduce the risk of bird flu epidemics leading to new flu virus epidemics in the human population.
The study, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), is to be published in the Friday, 14 January issue of the journal Science.
Dr Laurence Tiley, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Virology from the University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, said: "Chickens are potential bridging hosts that can enable new strains of flu to be transmitted to humans. Preventing virus transmission in chickens should reduce the economic impact of the disease and reduce the risk posed to people exposed to the infected birds. The genetic modification we describe is a significant first step along the path to developing chickens that are completely resistant to avian flu. These particular birds are only intended for research purposes, not for consumption."
Professor Helen Sang, from The Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh, said, "The results achieved in this study are very encouraging. Using genetic modification to introduce genetic changes that cannot be achieved by animal breeding demonstrates the potential of GM to improve animal welfare in the poultry industry. This work could also form the basis for improving economic and food security in many regions of the world where bird flu is a significant problem."
To produce these chickens, the Cambridge and Edinburgh scientists introduced a new gene that manufactures a small "decoy" molecule that mimics an important control element of the bird flu virus. The replication machinery of the virus is tricked into recognising the decoy molecule instead of the viral genome and this interferes with the replication cycle of the virus.
When the transgenic chickens were infected with avian flu, they became sick but did not transmit the infection on to other chickens kept in the same pen with them. This was the case even if the other chickens were normal (non-transgenic) birds.
Dr Tiley continued, "The decoy mimics an essential part of the flu virus genome that is identical for all strains of influenza A. We expect the decoy to work against all strains of avian influenza and that the virus will find it difficult to evolve to escape the effects of the decoy. This is quite different from conventional flu vaccines, which need to be updated in the face of virus evolution as they tend only to protect against closely matching strains of virus and do not always prevent spread within a flock."
Professor Douglas Kell, BBSRC Chief Executive, said: "Infectious diseases of livestock represent a significant threat to global food security and the potential of pathogens, such as bird flu, to jump to humans and become pandemic has been identified by the Government as a top level national security risk. The BBSRC funds world-class research to help to protect the UK from such eventualities and the present approach provides a very exciting example of novel approaches to producing disease-resistant poultry."
Japanese scientists track bird flu strains
More information: The paper 'Suppression of avian influenza transmission in genetically modified chickens' will be published in the 14 December 2011 edition of Science.
Provided by University of Cambridge
Citation: GM chickens that don't transmit bird flu developed (2011, January 13) retrieved 28 January 2020 from https://phys.org/news/2011-01-gm-chickens-dont-transmit-bird.html
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