text:
34 Abstract available
33 Full text available
30 Free full text available
34 Vitamin D
5 Vitamins
5 SARS-CoV-2
2 Zinc
2 Ascorbic Acid
2 Vitamin D Deficiency
2 Nutrition Therapy
2 Melatonin
1 Calcium
1 Oxidative Stress
1 Inflammation
1 Bone Density Conservation Agents
1 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
1 Magnesium
1 Micronutrients
1 Selenium
1 Vitamin B 12
1 Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
1 Lung
1 Glutamine
1 Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
1 Immunologic Factors
1 Respiratory Tract Infections
1 Calcifediol
1 Inositol
Results for 'Covid-19' • 34 results
1. Supplementation with vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic?
Hadizadeh, F
Nutrition reviews. 2021;(2):200-208
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 has high transmissibility and could result in acute lung injury in a fraction of patients. By counterbalancing the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is the fusion receptor of the virus, plays a protective role against the development of complications of this viral infection. Vitamin D can induce the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and regulate the immune system through different mechanisms. Epidemiologic studies of the relationship between vitamin D and various respiratory infections were reviewed and, here, the postulated mechanisms and clinical data supporting the protective role of vitamin D against COVID-19-mediated complications are discussed.
2. [Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19: expert consensus and guidelines].
Annweiler, C, Souberbielle, JC
Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement. 2021;(1):20-29
After 12 months of viral circulation, the SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people around the world, leaving hundreds of thousands dead. With the lack of effective therapy and vaccination against COVID-19, focusing on the immediate repurposing of existing drugs gives hope of curbing the pandemic. Vitamin D is a possible candidate discussed in a high amount of publications. Randomized clinical trials show that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces the risk of respiratory infections. There are also many evidences that hypovitaminosis D is an independent (and easily modifiable) risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19 and death. Vitamin D supplementation is a simple, safe and inexpensive measure, which is effective in correcting hypovitaminosis D found in 40-50% of the French population and in more than 80% of adults with COVID-19. In this position paper, we propose simple regimens (adapted to the pharmaceutical forms currently available in France) for vitamin D supplementation in adults with or without COVID-19.
3. Potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of severe coronavirus disease 2019: An ally for Latin America (Review).
Turrubiates-Hernández, FJ, Sánchez-Zuno, GA, González-Estevez, G, Hernández-Bello, J, Macedo-Ojeda, G, Muñoz-Valle, JF
International journal of molecular medicine. 2021;(4)
Currently, the world is under a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). This disease is characterized by a respiratory syndrome that can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. To date, limited effective therapies are available for the prevention or treatment of COVID‑19; therefore, it is necessary to propose novel treatment options with immunomodulatory effects. Vitamin D serves functions in bone health and has been recently reported to exert protective effects against respiratory infections. Observational studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and a poor prognosis of COVID‑19; this is alarming as vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. In Latin America, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unknown, and currently, this region is in the top 10 according to the number of confirmed COVID‑19 cases. Supplementation with vitamin D may be a useful adjunctive treatment for the prevention of COVID‑19 complications. The present review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID‑19 and sets out vitamin D recommendations for the Latin American population.
Ingenta plc
4. COVID-19 and IL-6: Why vitamin D (probably) helps but tocilizumab might not.
Silberstein, M
European journal of pharmacology. 2021;:174031
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), which is involved in the cytokine storm phenomenon, is a therapeutic target in COVID-19, but monoclonal receptor antibody therapeutic agents such as tocilizumab have demonstrated mixed results. Could Vitamin D, which modulates IL-6, be more effective than currently deployed IL-6 antagonists, including tocilizumab, thereby presenting a useful therapeutic option in COVID-19? A narrative review of published trials examining the effect of Vitamin D administration in COVID-19 patients was conducted, and the theoretical basis for the use of tocilizumab as an IL-6 antagonist was compared with the immunomodulatory effect of Vitamin D on IL-6 production. Four of the six included studies reported a positive effect of Vitamin D on outcomes. While tocilizumab non-selectively blocks both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory actions of IL-6, Vitamin D lowers immune cell IL-6 production, potentially reducing pro-inflammatory effects, but does not specifically target IL-6 receptors, avoiding any deleterious effect on the anti-inflammatory actions of IL-6. Vitamin D may have advantages over tocilizumab as an IL-6 immunomodulator, and, given that it is safe if administered under clinical supervision, there is a strong rationale for its use.
5. Oral high dose vitamin D for the treatment of diabetic patients with COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nie, X, Chen, J, Ye, F, Wang, H, Tang, L, Wang, L
Medicine. 2021;(9):e24517
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with infections experience severe vitamin D deficiency. High-dose vitamin D is applied to the treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by some researchers, and good results have been achieved. However, the efficacy of vitamin D in the treatment of infections in COVID-19 patients with diabetes remains unclarified. This study aims to explore the effect of oral high-dose vitamin D in the treatment of diabetic patients with COVID-19. METHODS Randomized controlled trials about the application of high-dose vitamin D in the treatment of diabetic patients with COVID-19 will be retrieved from such electronic databases as Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chinese Wanfang database and Chinese Biomedical Literature database. The retrieval time is from their inception to December 2020. According to the pre-designed inclusion/exclusion criteria, the data will be extracted independently by two researchers. The risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed by the Cochrane collaboration's tool. Meta-analysis will be conducted by using Revman 5.3 software. RESULTS A high-quality and comprehensive evaluation of oral high-dose vitamin D for the treatment of diabetic patients with COVID-19 will be made. CONCLUSION The article will provide more convincing evidence and evidence-based guidance for clinical practice. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The private information of individuals will not be made public, and this systematic evaluation will also not infringe on the rights of participants. Ethical approval is not required. Research results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020214284.
6. Vitamin D and COVID-19: A review on the role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19 infection.
Abdrabbo, M, Birch, CM, Brandt, M, Cicigoi, KA, Coffey, SJ, Dolan, CC, Dvorak, H, Gehrke, AC, Gerzema, AEL, Hansen, A, et al
Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society. 2021;(11):2206-2220
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pathogenic coronavirus causing COVID-19 infection. The interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, both of which contain several cysteine residues, is impacted by the disulfide-thiol balance in the host cell. The host cell redox status is affected by oxidative stress due to the imbalance between the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and antioxidants. Recent studies have shown that Vitamin D supplementation could reduce oxidative stress. It has also been proposed that vitamin D at physiological concentration has preventive effects on many viral infections, including COVID-19. However, the molecular-level picture of the interplay of vitamin D deficiency, oxidative stress, and the severity of COVID-19 has remained unclear. Herein, we present a thorough review focusing on the possible molecular mechanism by which vitamin D could alter host cell redox status and block viral entry, thereby preventing COVID-19 infection or reducing the severity of the disease.
7. Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc.
Corrao, S, Mallaci Bocchio, R, Lo Monaco, M, Natoli, G, Cavezzi, A, Troiani, E, Argano, C
More than one year has passed since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 coronavirus were reported in Wuhan (China), rapidly evolving into a global pandemic. This infectious disease has become a major public health challenge in the world. Unfortunately, to date, no specific antivirals have been proven to be effective against COVID-19, and although a few vaccines are available, the mortality rate is not decreasing but is still increasing. One therapeutic strategy has been focused on infection prevention and control measures. In this regard, the use of nutraceutical supports may play a role against some aspect of the infection, particularly the inflammatory state and the immune system function of patients, thus representing a strategy to control the worst outcomes of this pandemic. For this reason, we performed an overview including meta-analyses and systematic reviews to assess the association among melatonin, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc supplementation and inflammatory markers using three databases, namely, MEDLINE, PubMed Central and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews. According to the evidence available, an intake of 50,000 IU/month of vitamin D showed efficacy in CRP. An amount of 1 to 2 g per day of vitamin C demonstrated efficacy both in CRP and endothelial function, and a dosage of melatonin ranging from 5 to 25 mg /day showed good evidence of efficacy in CRP, TNF and IL6. A dose of 50 mg/day of elemental zinc supplementation showed positive results in CRP. Based on the data reported in this review, the public health system could consider whether it is possible to supplement the current limited preventive measures through targeted nutraceutical large-scale administration.
8. "Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
Rawat, D, Roy, A, Maitra, S, Shankar, V, Khanna, P, Baidya, DK
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2021;(4):102189
BACKGROUND Vitamin-D is an immune-modulator which might be linked to disease severity by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Meta-analysis of RCTs and quasi-experimental studies, evaluating the role of vitamin-D supplementation in COVID patients was done. RESULTS Total 5 studies (3 RCTs and 2 Quasi-experimental) including n = 467 patients were included. Vitamin D didn't reduce mortality (RR 0.55, 95%CI 0.22 to 1.39, p = 0.21), ICU admission rates (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.01-4.26, p = 0.3) and need for invasive ventilation (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.01-7.89, p = 0.42). CONCLUSION No significant difference with vitamin-D supplementation on major health related outcomes in COVID-19. Well-designed RCTs are required addressing this topic.
9. Can Optimum Solar Radiation Exposure or Supplemented Vitamin D Intake Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms?
Abraham, J, Dowling, K, Florentine, S
International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021;(2)
The foremost mortality-causing symptom associated with COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A significant correlation has been identified between the deficiency in vitamin D and the risk of developing ARDS. It has been suggested that if we can reduce or modify ARDS in COVID-19 patients, we may significantly reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and associated mortality rates. The increased mortality of dark-skinned people, who have a reduced UV absorption capacity, may be consistent with diminished vitamin D status. The factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, such as old age, ethnicity, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, are all found to be linked with vitamin D deficiency. Based on this review and as a precautionary measure, it is suggested that the adoption of appropriate and safe solar exposure and vitamin D enriched foods and supplements should be considered to reduce the possible severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Safe sun exposure is deemed beneficial globally, specifically in low and middle-income countries, as there is no cost involved. It is also noted that improved solar exposure and vitamin D levels can reduce the impact of other diseases as well, thus assisting in maintaining general human well-being.
10. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials.
Jolliffe, DA, Camargo, CA, Sluyter, JD, Aglipay, M, Aloia, JF, Ganmaa, D, Bergman, P, Bischoff-Ferrari, HA, Borzutzky, A, Damsgaard, CT, et al
The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2021;(5):276-292
BACKGROUND A 2017 meta-analysis of data from 25 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) revealed a protective effect of this intervention. We aimed to examine the link between vitamin D supplementation and prevention of ARIs in an updated meta-analysis. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry for studies listed from database inception to May 1, 2020. Double-blind RCTs of vitamin D3, vitamin D2, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) supplementation for any duration, with a placebo or low-dose vitamin D control, were eligible if they had been approved by a research ethics committee, and if ARI incidence was collected prospectively and prespecified as an efficacy outcome. Studies reporting results of long-term follow-up of primary RCTs were excluded. Aggregated study-level data, stratified by baseline 25(OH)D concentration and age, were obtained from study authors. Using the proportion of participants in each trial who had one or more ARIs, we did a random-effects meta-analysis to obtain pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs to estimate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of having one or more ARIs (primary outcome) compared with placebo. Subgroup analyses were done to estimate whether the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of ARI varied according to baseline 25(OH)D concentration (<25 nmol/L vs 25·0-49·9 nmol/L vs 50·0-74·9 nmol/L vs >75·0 nmol/L), vitamin D dose (daily equivalent of <400 international units [IU] vs 400-1000 IU vs 1001-2000 IU vs >2000 IU), dosing frequency (daily vs weekly vs once per month to once every 3 months), trial duration (≤12 months vs >12 months), age at enrolment (<1·00 years vs 1·00-15·99 years vs 16·00-64·99 years vs ≥65·00 years), and presence versus absence of airway disease (ie, asthma only, COPD only, or unrestricted). Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020190633. FINDINGS We identified 1528 articles, of which 46 RCTs (75 541 participants) were eligible. Data for the primary outcome were obtained for 48 488 (98·1%) of 49 419 participants (aged 0-95 years) in 43 studies. A significantly lower proportion of participants in the vitamin D supplementation group had one or more ARIs (14 332 [61·3%] of 23 364 participants) than in the placebo group (14 217 [62·3%] of 22 802 participants), with an OR of 0·92 (95% CI 0·86-0·99; 37 studies; I2=35·6%, pheterogeneity=0·018). No significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of having one or more ARIs was observed for any of the subgroups defined by baseline 25(OH)D concentration. However, protective effects of supplementation were observed in trials in which vitamin D was given in a daily dosing regimen (OR 0·78 [95% CI 0·65-0·94]; 19 studies; I2=53·5%, pheterogeneity=0·003), at daily dose equivalents of 400-1000 IU (0·70 [0·55-0·89]; ten studies; I2=31·2%, pheterogeneity=0·16), for a duration of 12 months or less (0·82 [0·72-0·93]; 29 studies; I2=38·1%, pheterogeneity=0·021), and to participants aged 1·00-15·99 years at enrolment (0·71 [0·57-0·90]; 15 studies; I2=46·0%, pheterogeneity=0·027). No significant interaction between allocation to the vitamin D supplementation group versus the placebo group and dose, dose frequency, study duration, or age was observed. In addition, no significant difference in the proportion of participants who had at least one serious adverse event in the vitamin supplementation group compared with the placebo group was observed (0·97 [0·86-1·07]; 36 studies; I2=0·0%, pheterogeneity=0·99). Risk of bias within individual studies was assessed as being low for all but three trials. INTERPRETATION Despite evidence of significant heterogeneity across trials, vitamin D supplementation was safe and overall reduced the risk of ARI compared with placebo, although the risk reduction was small. Protection was associated with administration of daily doses of 400-1000 IU for up to 12 months, and age at enrolment of 1·00-15·99 years. The relevance of these findings to COVID-19 is not known and requires further investigation. FUNDING None.


Theresa May has been busy setting rules on UK migration after Brexit. Freedom of movement was, of course, one of the contentious issues that led to Brexit in the first place. In this week's Debunking Economics Podcast Phil Dobbie talks to Prof Steve Keen about the pros and cons of migration, where you draw the line and policies to manage it.


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Mercury Retrograde—A Time to Turn Inward
Today Daniel Giamario, founder of the Shamanic Astrology Mystery School, was a guest on my Hay House radio show Flourish! Because the planet Mercury has just gone into retrograde, people are concerned about what to do.
First a little background. Planets can and do affect human behavior. That's the basis for the science of astrology. The moon rules the flow of fluid in our bodies and also the tides. This has been well established. It's foolish to think that the other planets have no effect. They do. That's the basis for astrology as a tool for self-realization. Astrology helps us work with the seasons of our lives over the years. And that's what my show with Daniel was about.
But back to Mercury. The planet Mercury affects communication (you know Mercury—he's the guy with the wings on his feet). Anyway, Daniel had received a letter just before our show from a guy who said, "It's so exhausting to hear about Mercury going retrograde. What am I supposed to do?" This guy was operating under the common impression (and experience) that when mercury goes retrograde, communications are bound to be screwed up, emails won't get there, contracts shouldn't be signed, and travel will be a nightmare. Since mercury goes into retrograde about four times a year, it's certainly not helpful to dread these times.
So Daniel set us all straight on what Mercury retrograde really is and how to make this time work for you. He said that when Mercury goes retrograde, communication works in the opposite way than we expect. Let me explain.
In our culture, we assume that the logical, left-brained approach to things rules and is "correct." But the truth is, we live in a quantum universe in which our own energy fields affect everything we do. And, in fact, our energy fields even affect the function of inanimate objects. (This is known as resistentialism—the tendency of inanimate objects to act in hostile ways toward humans. Believe it or not, this has been studied. It explains why falling toast lands jam side down only on really expensive carpets. But that's another story.)
Anyway, during Mercury retrograde periods, communication becomes more right brained. Flow reverses.
During our radio show, we experienced a classic mercury retrograde moment. I had connected with a caller from Washington, D.C., who wanted to know if an astrologic chart can predict the time of one's death. And Daniel and I were about to answer her question. Suddenly, another woman entirely, whose call wasn't even on the boards, began talking to us about an entirely different subject. How this happened was a mystery to the engineers at Hay House. But to Daniel and me, who were both born when mercury was retrograde, this wasn't at all surprising. We laughed because we were given a very direct mercury retrograde event as part of our teaching.
Okay—so what do you do when mercury goes retrograde?
You do inner work. You give up your expectations of how things will go. You prepare to be surprised. And you leave more time in your schedule for when things don't go according to plan. And you also don't sign any major contracts that don't include escape clauses. This is a time to kick back, do journaling, get an astrologic update, and simply go with the flow. Difficult for left-brained types, I know. But trust me, mercury retrograde is not trying to mess with you. It's playfully trying to get you to lighten up!
astrology communication flourish left-brained mercury retrograde right-brained Shamanic Astrology Mystery School
re-connect, re-boot, re-birth. What a special time!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Results for social isolation | WHO Regional Office for Europe - WHO Europe 1 - 10 of 354 sorted by relevance / date
An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness
Remove: PubMed source - 12 September 2017 - Publisher: Public Health
OBJECTIVES: Social isolation and loneliness have been associated with ill health and are common in the developed world. A clear...
- More: Systematic Reviews
Interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness among older people: an integrative review
Remove: PubMed source - 13 July 2016 - Publisher: Health & Social Care In The Community
Loneliness and social isolation are major problems for older adults. Interventions and activities aimed at reducing social...
Social Isolation and Cognitive Function in Later Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Remove: PubMed source - 24 October 2018 - Publisher: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
BACKGROUND There is some evidence to suggest that social isolation may be associated with poor cognitive function in later life....
Interventions targeting loneliness and social isolation among the older people: An update systematic review
Remove: PubMed source - 30 November 2017 - Publisher: Experimental Gerontology
effectiveness of the existing interventions for alleviating loneliness and social isolation among older persons. A search of PubMed, ISI...
Systematic review of interventions addressing social isolation and depression in aged care clients
Remove: PubMed source - 08 December 2015 - Publisher: Quality Of Life Research : An International Journal Of Quality Of Life Aspects Of Treatment, Care And Rehabilitation
review was undertaken of studies reporting interventions for reducing social isolation and depression in older people receiving aged...
The Effect of Information Communication Technology Interventions on Reducing Social Isolation in the Elderly: A Systematic Review
Remove: PubMed source - 01 January 2016 - Publisher: Journal Of Medical Internet Research
societies in every developed country. Based on clinical and empirical data, social isolation is found to be prevalent among elderly...
The effectiveness of interventions for reducing subjective and objective social isolation among people with mental health problems: a systematic review.
Remove: PubMed source - 19 November 2019 - Publisher: Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
PURPOSE Subjective and objective social isolation are important factors contributing to both physical and mental health problems,...
The impact of perceived and objective social isolation on hospital readmission in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Remove: PubMed source - 04 July 2019 - Publisher: General hospital psychiatry
readmission in heart failure (HF) patients. However, the impact of social isolation (SI) on the rate of readmission is unclear....
Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies
Remove: PubMed source - 18 April 2016 - Publisher: Heart (british Cardiac Society)
BACKGROUND: The influence of social relationships on morbidity is widely accepted, but the size of the risk to cardiovascular health is...
Social Interventions Targeting Social Relations Among Older People at Nursing Homes: A Qualitative Synthesized Systematic Review.
Remove: PubMed source - 01 March 2019 - Publisher: Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing
Social relations are part of the complex set of factors affecting health and well-being in old age. This systematic review seeks to...


If you are Nokia mobile device's users and just purchased a new device or a charger recently, then you may be interested with this piece of news. Nokia has just announced a new exchange program with intention to replace all the potential faulty charger units manufactured by its vendor, BYD in the market due to safety reason.
The issue is believed to be due to the exterior plastic cover that become loosen overtime, exposing internal electric circuitry that potentially pose electric shock to its users. Although there is no real incident being reported yet, but the Finland based company has taken initiative to replace all of them voluntarily as a benefit to all. The impacted models includes AC-3U, AC-3E and AC-4U manufactured in certain date ranges. AC-3U and AC-3E manufactured between June 15 until August 9 2009 as well as AC-4U manufactured between April 13 until October 2009 are believed to be affected so it is advisable to stop using them immediately while waiting for free exchange.
Since these charges could be bundled in the mobile phone package or sold separately as an optional accessory, so unless you are pretty sure that you have purchased the charger model before April 13, else it would be good to check it at Nokia official website for free exchange. In order to check if your Nokia charger is impacted, be ready to get your charger on hand and just look at the printed label for AC-3U, AC-3E or AC-4U with manufacturer name of Huizhou BYD Electronics Co. Ltd, followed by the exact identification number as highlighted in the label.


You've probably put a lot of work into strengthening your upper body to make lifting, pushing, and pulling heavy loads a cinch. But what about your grip strength? Chances are, unless you're doing forearm workouts, it's relatively weak.
"The forearm flexors — wrist flexors, really — are the same muscles that help us grip everything from a barbell to a doorknob," explains Neal Pire, C.S.C.S., F.A.C.S.M., New Jersey-based trainer and national director of wellness services at Castle Connolly Private Health Partners.
"From bags for work, to kids, to suitcases, to furniture, we all have to carry things. Having forearm strength, and therefore grip strength, means you have the ability to pick up heavy stuff and move it around," says San Diego-based trainer Pete McCall, C.S.C.S., founder of the All About Fitness podcast.
Building strong forearms is especially important for serious weightlifters: "The stronger your grip, the more you can lift in moves like overhead presses, deadlifts, kettlebell swings, clean-and-jerks, biceps curls, and bench presses," McCall adds.
Of course, it's not solely about lifting heavier loads — working on grip strength (specifically forearm exercises) can also increase the size of your forearms, Popeye-style, adds Openfit fitness specialist Cody Braun.
The forearms are made up of a bunch of smaller muscles that move in four main ways, Pire explains: wrist flexion (bending your palm inward), wrist extension (raising the back of your hand), forearm pronation (rotating the palm down), and forearm supination (rotating the palm up). Working all ranges of motion will help better balance forearm development, and therefore help with everything from opening jars to swinging a golf club, he adds.
Keep in mind, though, you're probably building your forearms a bit without even realizing it. "Any exercise that involves gripping and more specifically pulling, is going to place huge demands on the flexors of the fingers and wrists," Pire adds.
We've rounded up some of the most effective exercises to improve grip strength and help develop bigger forearms. Braun suggests slotting a few in at the end of an upper body workout as a burnout for grip strength. That way you can maximize your lifting potential during exercises that also build grip strength, he explains.
Benefits: Don't be deceived by how easy this move sounds — this simple motion helps target and strengthen your wrist flexors, which are crucial in building grip strength.
Sit on the edge of a bench or chair holding a dumbbell in your right hand, and place your right forearm on your right thigh, with the back of your right wrist on top of your right kneecap.
Moving just your hand, slowly lower the dumbbell as far as you can, maintaining a tight grip throughout the movement.
Without lifting your arm off of your thigh, curl the dumbbell up toward your bicep, and slowly lower the dumbbell back to neutral.
Repeat to fatigue, then switch sides, performing equal reps on each.
Benefits: The inverse of the wrist flexion move, this extension exercise helps add size and strength to your wrist extensor muscles.
Sit on the edge of a bench or chair holding a dumbbell in your right hand, and place your right forearm on your right thigh, palm down, with your right wrist on top of your right kneecap.
Without lifting your arm off your thigh, curl the dumbbell up as far as you can towards your bicep, maintaining a tight grip throughout the movement.
Slowly lower the dumbbell back to neutral.
Repeat to fatigue, and then switch sides, performing equal reps on each.
Benefits: Here, you'll work two crucial forearm muscles, the brachioradialis and pronator teres, as well as the brachialis, an assisting muscle that will help build elbow flexion.
Benefits: This move builds the wrist and finger flexors, as well as engaging just about every other muscle in your body. The best part? It's a super functional move, and will definitely give you a new appreciation for how many groceries you can really carry at once.
Stand with feet hip width apart, holding a pair of heavy dumbbells at your sides, palms facing in.
Keeping your core braced and your spine straight, walk in a straight line with your shoulders engaged for distance or steps.
Benefits: This bodyweight exercise helps build not just your wrist and finger flexors, but it's a great lead-in to tackling scapular pull-ups and other pull-up variations.
Grab a pull-up bar with a shoulder-width grip, palms facing forward.
Hang at arm's length for 30 seconds with your arms straight and your ankles crossed behind you.
Benefits: Similar to the pull-up bar hang, dangling with a towel also works your wrist adductors, forcing a different — and, arguably harder — grip angle and intensity.
Drape two small workout towels, shoulder-width apart, over a pull-up bar.
Reach up and grab a towel in each hand with a tight grip.
Engage your core and lift your feet off the floor, hanging with your your ankles crossed behind you for as long as you can.


This is the question posed to fourth year technical college students this week in a role play activity where students will decide whether or not to permit self-driving technology onto the streets of Japan. This activity was introduced as a means to help students get comfortable voicing opinions, arguing points, and acting out a professional meeting with a cross-cultural component. Students first read some adapted news about Google's self-driving car and legislation regarding automated vehicle technology in the United States, and watched the video below. Next, they were given role cards outlining their new roles as members of an important Japanese committee, consisting of people from the Japanese and United States business, technology, government, and civilian sectors. Each candidate is either for or against allowing self-driving technology on the roads of Japan, and must argue their perspective. Each member is also tasked with challenging or responding to another team member. After each member states their case, we will vote. Look back to see what our mock committee thinks about an automated vehicle future!
Also, check out this TedTalk (in less than 6 minutes) where Google's engineer Sebastian Thrun discusses his mission in making the car. Japanese subtitles are available.
We voted today. The majority of students voted for the acceptance of self-driving technology in Japan, in and out of their roles. Please add comments below for why you are for or against self-driving technology.
I worryed about selfdriving car for Japan, because in Japan earthquake happen ofthen especialy near the Tokyo. I guess selfdribving car would be useless in the stuation like the Tohoku earthquake.
So, I disagree with selfdriving system.
I'm agree this opinion because we can drive a car easely and safety.but also we should carfully about car crash.
because it's too new technology. so people can't believe machine can drive safely.
I don't want to allow the self driving car on the public load, because it is too new technology. I think there are lots of problem to it run on the public load. in the movie, people who is blind was on the self driving car, but if some problem happen to the car, he can't notice or solve the problem. it is very dangerous. so, i want to develop more this technology before the car on the public load.
I want self driving technology, because, in the future, we have to go around by car by works, I want to use my driving time to work or do something.
because it is easy to drive. and during driving we can do another things.
I worried about self driving car.
It is too dangerous. Because If machine is breake, It will breake car. So, it not good tecnology.


Coonatto Station is a family owned and operated 12,000 acre property located in the Southern Flinders Ranges about 300 km north of Adelaide. Coonatto Station has been in the Lock family since 1912. It is currently managed by John and his wife Erica and their 3 children Morgan, Nicole and Dylan. It is a sheep grazing property and also the home of Van Gelder Friesians. We offer accommodation in our shearers' quarters. The shearers' quarters can accommodate up to 10 people, it consists of a dining / lounge room, fully equipped kitchen and bathroom with 2 showers and 1 toilet. 1 bedroom with a double bed and 2 bedrooms with 4 single beds each. Our property is a great destination for camping, bush walking, picnics, 4 wheel drive tours or just relaxing and enjoying the peace and quiet, the beautiful scenery and wildlife.
Copyright © 2016 Coonatto Station. All Rights Reserved.


The bihar college examination board is likely to declare bseb magnificence 12 inter effects 2017 and bseb class 10 matric outcomes 2017 in the remaining week of may and mid-june, said multiple reviews. These exam had been carried out from march 1 to march eight, 2017 across extraordinary centres in bihar. Once announced, the outcomes can be to be had at bihar.Indiaresults.Com.
Final yr, bseb elegance 12 inter results 2017 for humanities, trade and technology were introduced on distinctive dates – science on may additionally 5, commerce on can also 16 and arts on may additionally 28. Bseb elegance 10 matric results 2017 had been declared on may also 29, 2016.
In step with reports, not like beyond 12 months, whilst consequences for one of a kind streams have been introduced on different dates, this 12 months, the board will announce intermediate end result for all 3 streams. Once the results are announced, the admission manner for undergraduate will start in bihar university and faculties.
The bihar school exam board conduct annual secondary faculty examination within the month of february/march and supplementary faculty exam in the month of august/september. It is the nodal business enterprise for undertaking tests and prescribing syllabus and recognising schools in bihar.
In recent past the board has been in the news for all incorrect reasons. Closing year, a mega rip-off broke out main to arrest of many senior officials together with its chairman.
The scam popularly known as bihar toppers rip-off got here into limelight on 31 may 2016 while the bihar college examination board (bseb) arts and humanities topper ruby rai, technology topper saurabh shrestha and 1/3 topper in technology circulate rahul kumar were interviewed through television channels and that they have been not able to reply simple questions.
Ruby rai, student of vishun roy college, kiratpur raja ram village in vaishali district suggested political technology as 'prodigal technological know-how' and defined it as a subject related to cooking. Science topper saurabh shrestha changed into ignorant of electron and proton and wrongly stated that aluminium is the most reactive detail.
So as to ensure that no terrible reporting takes place, in february 2017, secretary of the bihar school examination board (bseb), anup kumar sinha had directed all of the district magistrates and superintendent of police to hold the media out of the exam facilities.
In keeping with reviews, board is presently making ready the topper list and it does no longer want to copy anything like closing year.


text:
Premier League transfer news and rumours
Everton Transfer News & Rumours
CONFIRMED: Everton sign goalkeeper Asmir Begovic
The veteran becomes the second player to join the Blues after the appointment of Rafa Benitez
By Calvin and Tom Mallows Jul 20, 2021, 7:11pm BST
Share All sharing options for: CONFIRMED: Everton sign goalkeeper Asmir Begovic
Everton have taken their time getting going in the summer transfer window, but with a new manager in place and a couple of closed-doors preseason friendlies later, the club have now made a couple of quick signings under Rafa Benitez. Earlier on Tuesday the Blues announced winger Andros Townsend has signed on.
Now, 34-year-old goalkeeper Asmir Begovic has joined the Toffees on a free transfer from AFC Bournemouth, signing a one-year deal with the option of a further year after passing his medical on Saturday. The Bosnia native was raised in Germany and Canada, and has represented the North American nation at the youth level before making his debut for the Bosnian national team where he has picked up 63 caps.
He has also featured for Chelsea, AC Milan, Bournemouth, Stoke City and Portsmouth among others in his career, making over 250 appearances in the Premier League and lifting the title in 2016-17 under Antonio Conte as the understudy to Thibaut Courtois.
Welcome, @asmir1! pic.twitter.com/VRV9mKpWSX
— Everton (@Everton) July 20, 2021
Speaking at his signing, Begovic said -
"When I first heard of the possibility of joining Everton, I was really excited.
"Opportunities like this don't come around every day so I'm honoured and pleased to be here.
"The ambition is to get this club to where it belongs. We want to be challenging for those European spots, challenging for trophies and being in that upper echelon of the league.
"With the squad we have, the fan base, and the tradition of the club, everything is in place for us to be successful.
"Just in my first couple of conversations with the manager, it's clear he has a massive knowledge of the game. He has an incredible track record in terms of what he's achieved and accomplished. To work for those sorts of managers, it's something that's very good for me."
Begovic will be charged with providing a steadying influence on Everton and England #1 Jordan Pickford, who has been in the best form of his life, especially in the latter half of last season having overcome the media scrutiny and public harassment following his collision with Liverpool defender Virgil van Dijk early last season.
With the 34-year-old now in the squad, it'll be interesting to see if youngsters Joao Virginia and Harry Tyrer are both moved out on loan to continue to gain first team experience or if Benitez and goalkeeping coach Alan Kelly will choose to keep them in-house for now.
Speaking about his role in the squad, Begovic added:
"Jordan is a world-class goalkeeper. I think the goalkeeping group here is fantastic.
"We're going to push each other every single day and set those standards in training.
"We also have a great goalkeeping coach in Alan Kelly.
"I'm definitely here to compete [for a place] and to try to help this team in any way I can."
The veteran goalie is expected to be part of the traveling party later this week as the squad heads stateside to take part in the Florida Cup, with games against Millonarios and then Inter Milan or Arsenal scheduled for next week.


HomePosts Tagged "Better Restaurant Operations"
Employee Turnover is at an all-time high but employee tenure is the more important measure to understand. Tenure is how long our employees are staying in their jobs.
Because the average employee is staying such a short amount of time we have to re-design how we onboard, train, and operate our restaurants to minimize the effects of this turnover and their associated costs.
Checklists are a key component in reducing employee training costs and running more consistent daily restaurant operations. The only checklists that actually work are ones that are managed through a Checklist App where you have visibility and accountability.
7 Shifts, the Scheduling Company, compiled 7 Restaurant Scheduling Stats of 2017. Click on the image below to see the whole infographic. The facts were crazy but these on how long employees on average stay in a job really stood out to me as scary.
High restaurant turnover is an all-encompassing thing, I know this because I've lived it. When you have high turnover you don't have time to think about anything else, you're constantly engaged in hiring, training, and backfilling positions. All other pro-active things that you want to do for your restaurant get neglected. How can you work on that new menu or special when you have 3 open positions for tonight's dinner rush. It's brutal.
The reality is, you have 57 days with a server, 54 days with a cook, and 124 days with your most expensive employee, your manager. These numbers really paint a picture of what restaurant operators are facing. Add to that the lowest unemployment in decades in the US and things are bleak for restaurant hiring.
Now that you see what the average tenure of an employee is; do you still think it is prudent to spend 4 or 5 days on-boarding/training a person that is only going to be around 54 days? That training time for a server/cook could equate to 10% of their entire employment period at a higher than normal hourly wage.
Here is what we have to do in the industry to minimize these effects.
You have an employee that is going to stay 55 days. The difference between 3 to 5 days of initial training is significant. 3 Days of training is 5.4% of their tenure vs. 9% at 5 days. Think about the ROI jump on that employee when you get them productive quicker.
Cutting all superfluous training out of the curriculum and focus 100% on must-have job role knowledge. Ex: Cooks need to know recipes, servers need to know how to use the POS and steps of service. Get new hires into their stations contributing to sales ASAP.
Systematize Everything: Anything that is repeatable has to be in a checklist or in-station Job Aid. You can't spend a second training people how to remember to do a repeatable task. Instead, you need to teach them that there are systems available to guide them through these tasks as they are doing them and how to use these systems.
Shift to More Daily Training: You have to shift training from a front-loaded multi-day activity and move the non-job role must-have items to a daily format. Pre-shift meetings for all members of the restaurant are a way to still deliver this culture and non-job specific training in a short couple of minute sessions. Repeating this training over time is very effective.
Simplify as much as you can. For instance, and a lot of people have done this, put allergen, gluten, health information right on your menu. That makes it easy for customers to find out what items they can eat and reduces the amount of training you have to provide FOH employees on the menu. For the BOH, reduce as many steps as possible for prep and in your recipes. Anywhere you can find efficiency without compromising quality, you should make the change. A great example is a lot of quick-service restaurants have assembly cards in the different cooking stations, this helps with consistency but can also reduce upfront training time because there is a job aid right in their station. You have to do that because your employees aren't around long enough to learn super complex processes.
Use your employee's phones to your advantage: Nothing infuriates me more than wanting something from an employee at a restaurant, waiting for them to see me, and they are looking at their phone. I get it. Phones can distract people from doing their jobs and there should be consequences when that happens. On the flip side, tablets are expensive. Cheap Android tablets with cases cost around $125 to $200. iPads can cost $400 to $1000's of dollars. 99% of your employees have smartphones that can be used on your Wifi for free to engage in training and to complete checklists. You can't mandate that they use their own phones, you have to provide an alternative, but you can allow them to use their devices to make your business better and their jobs easier and more convenient. Treat their devices as a force multiplier.
Most Pilot checklists are 5 or so questions. Turing the engines on isn't one 50 question checklist that takes an hour, it might be 3 5-question short checklists with high-level items on them. We have a chain client that has a 30 to 40 total, 5 to 6 question checklists for every station. They take a minute to complete but they cover the most important items from a shift readiness perspective for each station. Their readiness went through the roof when they implemented this system.
Short checklists get done at higher percentages of compliance than longer checklists. You are always going to have a need to have some very thorough checklists and they tend be longer, line checks, food safety checks spring to mind and that is fine. Focus on making a lot of your checklists, short and easy to complete. Also, if you have long checklists, make sure you choose an app that supports real-time collaboration where multiple people can work simultaneously on the same checklist, that will help speed it up and drive higher compliance.
You should use checklists for tasks/processes that require multiple steps or multiple items. Job Aids should be used for single steps. You would use a checklist for setting up the beverage station because it involves multiple steps and multiple items. You would use a job aid to show how to make the Iced Tea.
The concept of multi=checklist and single=job aid can be applied to all departments. Also, use common sense when it comes to creating job aids. You don't need a job aid on how to clean the front door with windex. You may want one on how to cut lemons because lemon slice size affects food cost and customer satisfaction.
Your restaurant's team is constantly turning over. In a lot of restaurants, the most senior person could have 4 months of tenure or less. Everyone is new all the time and you are constantly training and on-boarding new employees.
You need to create systems that they have to follow so you can ensure food safety, shift readiness, and consistent customer experiences. You need systems that can be easily updated and centrally managed so that changes to operations can be quickly implemented at a minimum cost.
You also need a way to hold the team accountable for using the checklists and systems you have created. Because institutional knowledge of your operations in this environment can be very low, you need a way to bubble up issues to upper management in real-time and an ability to view what is happening at any location from any device.
Don't forget about deep clean and preventative maintenance. You need to bring those activities into your checklist system so you track them. To make sure you are doing those activities so you don't incur unnecessary repair costs, downtime, and losses. Also, because of the short tenure of employees, the current employees won't have a clue if the last maintenance activities happened before they worked for you.
The entire restaurant industry has managed itself with paper checklists for years. The problem is, paper checklists don't get done and there is no way for an above store leader to manage operations with them easily and effectively. We all know that our paper checklists are getting pencil whipped, 94% of managers surveyed said they knew their employees weren't following them.
The OpsAnalitica Platform is the perfect platform to replace your paper checklists with. As the low-cost leader in the restaurant digital checklist space, we can provide your team with the platform that will replace your paper checklists for a cost that is less than the Red Book per month per location.
Our platform will provide you with real-time visibility, enhanced accountability, and critical notifications, in a fully customizable app that works on any Android or iOS device.
As the overall economy continues to grow, as the labor pool continues to shrink, restaurant employee turnover is going to stay a concern for the near future. As restaurant operators, we need to look for ways to streamline our hiring, on-boarding, training, and daily operation processes so that we can minimize the effect of this high turnover on our teams and on our customer satisfaction. One of the easiest and quickest ways to do this is to move your paper checklists, that aren't getting done, to an app where you can hold your teams accountable to following your ops procedures.
Islam Ahmed shares his experience in the restaurant industry and his passion for running great operations. He discusses his time with Chipotle and what he believes has contributed to their recent struggles. Tommy gets a little bit of a different perspective from a less seasoned restaurant industry evangelist.


The Juan Lopez Seleccion No.2 is a Cuban classic, a delightful medium Robusto, 4.9" (124mm) long, of 50 ring gauge, and comes in a 50 cigars cabinet.
The Juan Lopez Seleccion No.2 is one of the best examples of a Robusto and for many connoisseurs, this vitola may be classified in the "Top 5 Robustos".
• Take the time to discover the Juan Lopez Seleccion No.2, and you will have a delightful experience.
• The flavor of the blend makes it an attractive choice for those who seek medium bodied and complex Habanos in a shorter smoke time.
The robusto size smoker will really appreciate this cigar. The burn is even, slow and the amounts of smoke released are copious and thick.
The Seleccion No 2 is a well presented cigar. It has a smooth reddish brown wrapper with a few soft veins. The wrapper seems to be nice and thin, and silky smooth. It has a nice loose bunch and feels spongy on its whole length. The triple cap is rounded and well applied.
There is strong aromas of cedar and earth, as expected from its spongy feel. It leaves a saltiness on the lips.
In the beginning the cigar delivers a great amount of thick white smoke with a long roasted nut finish. The draw is easy and smooth, the ash is grey and flaky and stays on the cigar for the first third.
On the first draw the cigar has the flavor of hot pepper, which gradually disappears, leaving a taste of moss, grass and earth, and a medium to full body.
During the second third the No 2 turns sweeter with mango and pineapple and floral flavors joining the mix.
Finishes off with a taste of earth and roasted nuts.
In summary, this is an amazing cigar that is practically unknown for the masses - a real dark horse in the humidor.


Do you find beautiful dining room. Use this opportunity to see some photos for your need, may you agree these are inspiring galleries. We like them, maybe you were too. Perhaps the following data that we have add as well you need.
We hope you can make similar like them. We added information from each image that we get, including set of size and resolution. You can click the picture to see the large or full size photo. If you think this collection is useful to you, or maybe your friends let's hit like/share button, so other people can inspired too. Right here, you can see one of our beautiful dining room gallery, there are many picture that you can surf, do not miss them.
The opposite three walls now needed to offer the sunshine and convey out the warmth of the fuchsia. So far as bedroom decorating ideas go, these two colours ought to have clashed, however they did not - because the lilac-pink mirrored sufficient light to liven up the pure light and to pick out the fuchsia pigments within the accent wall. As much less natural light entered this room mint green was chosen for all 4 partitions, offset by a white ceiling. Furnishings for any bedroom will again mirror your personal tastes and might vary from rustic French armories to the inbuilt simplicity of white melamine. With white paintwork and the white fitments of the built-in cupboards, this supplied a deliciously warm room which was both mild and sunny. For the accent wall three long mirrors had been bought which have been hooked up to the wall in the horizontal plane, just to replicate light in that room. The effect was dramatic and calming, warm and mild - with a feeling of warmth as you enter the room, as if the walls have been enfolding you.
The impact is beautiful - you stroll into the room and find you're catching your breath. If you loved this article therefore you would like to obtain more info relating to 800 kindly visit the internet site. You stroll in right here and are enfolded in an ambiance of complete serenity. Listed below are some ideas ideas to make a this house pleasurable. Others - and that i embody adults right here as effectively - like to express their humorous aspect, sarah feather design with a bedroom that displays such a predilection. Bedroom decorating ideas ought to replicate a way of peace and tranquility, allure and charm. Same house, totally different bedroom, utterly completely different really feel as you walk into this room: the ethos is calming peace. Meanwhile, in an adjacent bedroom, the bedroom decorating ideas had been different and the theme was softer and gentler. For example of bedroom decorating ideas that work, a bedroom was lately decorated which had, as its solely non-negotiable characteristic, a vibrant, cherry-purple blind which was a really expensive, made-to-measure blind manufactured to fit solely that window. There are as many bedroom decorating ideas as there are folks's personalities - and that is simply to the great. To some folks a bedroom that reflects warmth and which creates a way of rustic charm is essential when planning their personal haven.
Bedrooms ought to mirror the character of the bedroom's occupant, creating a haven for retreat the place the occupier can unwind and de-stress at the top of the day. Again, beds are available in all shapes and sizes and might be present in something from the luxurious of king size, pocket-spring divan to the simplicity of a futon which doubles up as a settee when not in use. When selecting the carpet it might have been easy to come unstuck but, following by means of the pink-lilac shades, a salmon-pink carpet was laid and fitted into the bedroom. Rather than discard a wonderfully good blind, this bedroom was decorated round this feature. You could enter a bedroom and be ensconced in a butterfly world or one where flowers abound. Sometimes large residence buildings do have an entrance foyer, however for many apartments and small-scale homes, a residing room is one in all the key interior spaces to settle for. Hence it becomes needed to consider the convenience with which the visitors and members of the family will journey inside the house. So little experimentation can provide you with tons of information and experience in house decorating if you actually need to do it.
These are the little things that make a major distinction. There are now many metallic mattress frames to select from. For example a metal statue could be a free standing within the corner formed after the sofas are positioned. For these three partitions a lilac-pink was chosen which, in itself, was not classed as a real pastel. A wall instantly opposite the window was chosen to be an accent wall, towards which the top of the mattress can be positioned. This wall was painted a deep, wealthy fuchsia colour - like a really dark plum. It was a color in its personal right, a particular shade of pink with a distinct hint of lilac. The design theme of a this room will enormously be responsible to create a lasting impression in the guests mind. This room is still a work in progress, however the blinds can be a matching mint-green and a large lime inexperienced rug is intended to finish the room off.
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text:
'use strict';

/* jshint ignore:start */
/**
 * This code was generated by
 * \ / _    _  _|   _  _
 *  | (_)\/(_)(_|\/| |(/_  v1.0.0
 *       /       /
 */
/* jshint ignore:end */

var _ = require('lodash');  /* jshint ignore:line */
var Holodeck = require('../../../../holodeck');  /* jshint ignore:line */
var Request = require(
    '../../../../../../lib/http/request');  /* jshint ignore:line */
var Response = require(
    '../../../../../../lib/http/response');  /* jshint ignore:line */
var RestException = require(
    '../../../../../../lib/base/RestException');  /* jshint ignore:line */
var Twilio = require('../../../../../../lib');  /* jshint ignore:line */

var client;
var holodeck;

describe('Application', function() {
  beforeEach(function() {
    holodeck = new Holodeck();
    client = new Twilio('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa', 'AUTHTOKEN', {
      httpClient: holodeck
    });
  });
  it('should generate valid create request',
    function() {
      holodeck.mock(new Response(500, '{}'));

      var opts = {
        friendlyName: 'friendlyName'
      };
      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications.create(opts);
      promise = promise.then(function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      }, function(error) {
        expect(error.constructor).toBe(RestException.prototype.constructor);
      });
      promise.done();

      var solution = {
        accountSid: 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
      };
      var url = _.template('https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/<%= accountSid %>/Applications.json')(solution);

      var values = {
        FriendlyName: 'friendlyName',
      };
      holodeck.assertHasRequest(new Request({
          method: 'POST',
          url: url,
          data: values
      }));
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid create response',
    function() {
      var body = JSON.stringify({
          'account_sid': 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
          'api_version': '2010-04-01',
          'date_created': 'Mon, 22 Aug 2011 20:59:45 +0000',
          'date_updated': 'Tue, 18 Aug 2015 16:48:57 +0000',
          'friendly_name': 'Application Friendly Name',
          'message_status_callback': 'http://www.example.com/sms-status-callback',
          'sid': 'APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
          'sms_fallback_method': 'GET',
          'sms_fallback_url': 'http://www.example.com/sms-fallback',
          'sms_method': 'GET',
          'sms_status_callback': 'http://www.example.com/sms-status-callback',
          'sms_url': 'http://example.com',
          'status_callback': 'http://example.com',
          'status_callback_method': 'GET',
          'uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications/APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.json',
          'voice_caller_id_lookup': false,
          'voice_fallback_method': 'GET',
          'voice_fallback_url': 'http://www.example.com/voice-callback',
          'voice_method': 'GET',
          'voice_url': 'http://example.com'
      });

      holodeck.mock(new Response(201, body));

      var opts = {
        friendlyName: 'friendlyName'
      };
      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications.create(opts);
      promise = promise.then(function(response) {
        expect(response).toBeDefined();
      }, function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      });

      promise.done();
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid remove request',
    function() {
      holodeck.mock(new Response(500, '{}'));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications('APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa').remove();
      promise = promise.then(function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      }, function(error) {
        expect(error.constructor).toBe(RestException.prototype.constructor);
      });
      promise.done();

      var solution = {
        accountSid: 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
        sid: 'APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
      };
      var url = _.template('https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/<%= accountSid %>/Applications/<%= sid %>.json')(solution);

      holodeck.assertHasRequest(new Request({
        method: 'DELETE',
        url: url
      }));
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid delete response',
    function() {
      var body = JSON.stringify(null);

      holodeck.mock(new Response(204, body));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications('APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa').remove();
      promise = promise.then(function(response) {
        expect(response).toBe(true);
      }, function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      });

      promise.done();
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid fetch request',
    function() {
      holodeck.mock(new Response(500, '{}'));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications('APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa').fetch();
      promise = promise.then(function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      }, function(error) {
        expect(error.constructor).toBe(RestException.prototype.constructor);
      });
      promise.done();

      var solution = {
        accountSid: 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
        sid: 'APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
      };
      var url = _.template('https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/<%= accountSid %>/Applications/<%= sid %>.json')(solution);

      holodeck.assertHasRequest(new Request({
        method: 'GET',
        url: url
      }));
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid fetch response',
    function() {
      var body = JSON.stringify({
          'account_sid': 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
          'api_version': '2010-04-01',
          'date_created': 'Mon, 22 Aug 2011 20:59:45 +0000',
          'date_updated': 'Tue, 18 Aug 2015 16:48:57 +0000',
          'friendly_name': 'Application Friendly Name',
          'message_status_callback': 'http://www.example.com/sms-status-callback',
          'sid': 'APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
          'sms_fallback_method': 'GET',
          'sms_fallback_url': 'http://www.example.com/sms-fallback',
          'sms_method': 'GET',
          'sms_status_callback': 'http://www.example.com/sms-status-callback',
          'sms_url': 'http://example.com',
          'status_callback': 'http://example.com',
          'status_callback_method': 'GET',
          'uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications/APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.json',
          'voice_caller_id_lookup': false,
          'voice_fallback_method': 'GET',
          'voice_fallback_url': 'http://www.example.com/voice-callback',
          'voice_method': 'GET',
          'voice_url': 'http://example.com'
      });

      holodeck.mock(new Response(200, body));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications('APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa').fetch();
      promise = promise.then(function(response) {
        expect(response).toBeDefined();
      }, function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      });

      promise.done();
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid list request',
    function() {
      holodeck.mock(new Response(500, '{}'));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications.list();
      promise = promise.then(function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      }, function(error) {
        expect(error.constructor).toBe(RestException.prototype.constructor);
      });
      promise.done();

      var solution = {
        accountSid: 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
      };
      var url = _.template('https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/<%= accountSid %>/Applications.json')(solution);

      holodeck.assertHasRequest(new Request({
        method: 'GET',
        url: url
      }));
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid read_full response',
    function() {
      var body = JSON.stringify({
          'applications': [
              {
                  'account_sid': 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
                  'api_version': '2010-04-01',
                  'date_created': 'Fri, 21 Aug 2015 00:07:25 +0000',
                  'date_updated': 'Fri, 21 Aug 2015 00:07:25 +0000',
                  'friendly_name': 'd8821fb7-4d01-48b2-bdc5-34e46252b90b',
                  'message_status_callback': null,
                  'sid': 'APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
                  'sms_fallback_method': 'POST',
                  'sms_fallback_url': null,
                  'sms_method': 'POST',
                  'sms_status_callback': null,
                  'sms_url': null,
                  'status_callback': null,
                  'status_callback_method': 'POST',
                  'uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications/APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.json',
                  'voice_caller_id_lookup': false,
                  'voice_fallback_method': 'POST',
                  'voice_fallback_url': null,
                  'voice_method': 'POST',
                  'voice_url': null
              }
          ],
          'end': 0,
          'first_page_uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications.json?PageSize=1&Page=0',
          'last_page_uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications.json?PageSize=1&Page=35',
          'next_page_uri': null,
          'num_pages': 36,
          'page': 0,
          'page_size': 1,
          'previous_page_uri': null,
          'start': 0,
          'total': 36,
          'uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications.json?PageSize=1&Page=0'
      });

      holodeck.mock(new Response(200, body));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications.list();
      promise = promise.then(function(response) {
        expect(response).toBeDefined();
      }, function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      });

      promise.done();
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid read_empty response',
    function() {
      var body = JSON.stringify({
          'applications': [],
          'end': 0,
          'first_page_uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications.json?PageSize=1&Page=0',
          'last_page_uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications.json?PageSize=1&Page=35',
          'next_page_uri': null,
          'num_pages': 36,
          'page': 0,
          'page_size': 1,
          'previous_page_uri': null,
          'start': 0,
          'total': 36,
          'uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications.json?PageSize=1&Page=0'
      });

      holodeck.mock(new Response(200, body));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications.list();
      promise = promise.then(function(response) {
        expect(response).toBeDefined();
      }, function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      });

      promise.done();
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid update request',
    function() {
      holodeck.mock(new Response(500, '{}'));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications('APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa').update();
      promise = promise.then(function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      }, function(error) {
        expect(error.constructor).toBe(RestException.prototype.constructor);
      });
      promise.done();

      var solution = {
        accountSid: 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
        sid: 'APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
      };
      var url = _.template('https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/<%= accountSid %>/Applications/<%= sid %>.json')(solution);

      holodeck.assertHasRequest(new Request({
        method: 'POST',
        url: url
      }));
    }
  );
  it('should generate valid update response',
    function() {
      var body = JSON.stringify({
          'account_sid': 'ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
          'api_version': '2010-04-01',
          'date_created': 'Mon, 22 Aug 2011 20:59:45 +0000',
          'date_updated': 'Tue, 18 Aug 2015 16:48:57 +0000',
          'friendly_name': 'Application Friendly Name',
          'message_status_callback': 'http://www.example.com/sms-status-callback',
          'sid': 'APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa',
          'sms_fallback_method': 'GET',
          'sms_fallback_url': 'http://www.example.com/sms-fallback',
          'sms_method': 'GET',
          'sms_status_callback': 'http://www.example.com/sms-status-callback',
          'sms_url': 'http://example.com',
          'status_callback': 'http://example.com',
          'status_callback_method': 'GET',
          'uri': '/2010-04-01/Accounts/ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/Applications/APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.json',
          'voice_caller_id_lookup': false,
          'voice_fallback_method': 'GET',
          'voice_fallback_url': 'http://www.example.com/voice-callback',
          'voice_method': 'GET',
          'voice_url': 'http://example.com'
      });

      holodeck.mock(new Response(200, body));

      var promise = client.api.v2010.accounts('ACaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa')
                                    .applications('APaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa').update();
      promise = promise.then(function(response) {
        expect(response).toBeDefined();
      }, function() {
        throw new Error('failed');
      });

      promise.done();
    }
  );
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Following Street Fighter V's launch in February, the fighting game has received criticism for its lack of content. Capcom have now responded to this backlash.
The games in our list of best RPGs have single-player modes, you know.
In an interview with Game Informer, Street Fighter V's executive producer, Yoshinori Ono, responded to player concerns and talked about plans to address them.
He went on to explain how it's been almost eight years since the last Street Fighter, and how Capcom plan to support this sequel a similar length of time, as they see it as a evolving service.
Ono was also asked if the game launched so incomplete back in February so it was out in time for competitive gaming league Capcom Pro Tour.
"The Capcom Pro Tour wasn't the only reason for why the game was released when it was," he responded. "We understand that if we had more features ready at launch, it probably would've been better received by some of our more casual fans who tend to enjoy Street Fighter more via single-player content, as opposed to competitive play.


It is my first time as a "Global Seoul-mate" ~ a group of bloggers/SNS supporters appointed by the Seoul City government. I didn't learn that my application was accepted until I received a "gift" from the mail and an accompanying welcome note a few days before I left for my summer vacation.
I'm originally from Angeles City in the Philippines, but I've been living in Seoul for the past 11 years a few months after getting married to my Korean husband. We have one son who is now in second grade at an elementary school in Seoul. We spent the first 8 years of our marriage life in Jongro-gu and we transferred to Dongdaemun-gu three years ago.
I'm currently a full-time mom and homemaker. I do volunteer work with my friends at "The 601 Habit".
What is S.E.O.U.L to me?
I took this photo at the playground of Hongneung Park in Dongdaemun-gu. The slide is S-shaped and as you can see, boys will be boys. What I love most about Seoul is that it's a relatively safe city. And because of this I don't have any worry about my son going to the playground and playing like I did more than three decades ago. I also like that other parents would watch your child when you're not around.
Anyone who has been to Seoul would rave about its efficient transportation system. You can take the subway or bus to go around the city ~ even in the middle of the night. Since the city started the night bus service, I was able to come home twice riding a public bus at two o'clock in the morning! I love that I don't need to have a car to survive in this big city ~ less pollution, less expenses.
The mix of old and modern makes the city "unique" with unlimited things to do and explore. And when I get tired of exploring, I sit down with a cup of hot tea using this old-fashioned celadon tea cup bought from a store in a modern building in Dongdaemun.
I was folding this plastic bag of chips into a tight square. I just feel lucky to be living in Seoul. Life here is not perfect but over the years, I have learned to adjust to both its old and modern ways. I feel safe here and this is the city where I see myself living until I'm old.
As a member of the Global Seoul-Mate, I hope to present a well-rounded view of what it is like to live in Seoul. I hope to be able to participate in its cultural activities ~ like what I've been doing for the past decade.


Browse & Shop our large selection of Crazy Bird from most popular online stores as seen on April 20, 2019.
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ALEXANDRIA, VA. — One resident was found dead when a fire broke out in Old Town Alexandria early Wednesday.
The Alexandria Fire Department responded to the 300 block of South Pitt Street around 12:34 a.m. Units found fire coming from the second floor of the townhouse and rescued a man. Firefighters found another resident dead in the home.
NBC Washington reported the victim was an elderly woman. The other resident, her husband, went to the hospital. Firefighters also rescued a dog and cat from the home.
Investigators say the cause was an electrical cord in contact with a mattress and other combustibles. Damages are estimated to be $150,000.


Then, use the appropriate preset wrench or adjust an adjustable wrench to the proper torque value. Insert the wrench's bit into the socket of the bolt or part and turn until you hear or feel the... Check out our range of Socket Sets products at your local Bunnings Warehouse. Visit us today for the widest range of Sockets, Spanners & Wrenches products. Visit us today for the widest range of Sockets, Spanners & Wrenches products.
All About Wrenches. By Bob the points of the nut or bolt head. All wrenches are available in many sizes, and can be purchased individually or in sets. A small set may have six to 10 wrenches top 10 interview questions and how to answer 8/04/2011 · * "Acople rapida" or "liberacion rapida" = quick change, i. e., with the button on the head that releases the socket from the rachet. * "Reversible" = will work clockwise and counterclockwise.
26/04/2017 · Hi, in this DIY episode I'm making some plug wrenches out of socket head screws and some scrap steel. how to change office 365 language To change direction of the torque arm, simply remove the socket head and flip it over so the socket points out the other side of the wrench. This one allows it as the openings in the plate and the head are identical, others might not depending on design.
Change a standard wrench handle into a ratcheting wrench. Factory-Set Torque-Limiting Socket Adapters Adapters are set to a specific torque and cannot be adjusted.
In a beam type torque wrench, the pointer beam is attached to the wrench's head. When the wrench is used to apply torque, the beam stays in the place and the scale beneath the pointer indicates the amount of torque being applied.


The present invention relates to fastener portions including loops adapted to be releasably engaged by mating fastener portions which may include hooks or headed stems.
Fastener portions including loops (called loop fastener portions herein) adapted to be releasably engaged by other fastener portions which may include hooks or headed stems are well known in the art. Typically, such a loop fastener portion comprises a soft flexible sheet-like fibrous structure having a multiplicity of loops along a first major surface, which fibrous structure may be formed by any of several methods such as weaving, knitting, warp knitting, weft insertion knitting, stitch-sewing or the known methods for making nonwoven structures. Such loop fastener portions may also include adhesive coatings (e.g., thickened or foamed latex) to help bond together their fibers at their contact points both to restrict the loops on the loop fastener portions from enlarging and to restrict the fastener portions from tearing when tension is applied to the loops by mating fastener portions with which the looped fastener portions are engaged, such as upon the disengagement of such fastener portions.
Some such loop fastener portions are intended to be sewn in place, particularly where they are used on articles (e.g., clothing) that will be washed or dry cleaned. Other such loop fastener portions include a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive on their surface opposite their loops, which is often the preferred method of attaching loop fastener portions to objects that do not require launderability or that cannot be sewn.
Both of these methods of attachment have certain disadvantages, however. Sewing typically is labor intensive and can decrease the area of the fastener portion that can be engaged by a mating fastener portion. Also to facilitate sewing the fibrous structure of the loop fastener portion should have sufficient internal strength and integrity so that it can be held in place with a reasonable number of stitches, and thus it is impractical to sew certain types of loop fastener portions that may have, for example, nonwoven fibrous structures. When pressure sensitive adhesives are used, the fibrous structures must be sufficiently nonporous to prevent the loops from sticking to the adhesives and thus becoming unavailable for engagement with mating fastener portions. Also, prior to use, pressure sensitive adhesives on such loop fastener portions must be protected as by a liner which must be removed before the loop fastener is attached to an object.
FR-A-2,198,712 discloses a female fastener element which consists of a substrate having first and second major surfaces, with a multiplicity of loops perpendicular to one of the major surfaces and a film or layer of plastic covering the second of the major surfaces. The plastic layer is a low melting point thermoplastic adhesive resin, which is softened by the application of heat to attach the female fastener portion, for example to a garment.
US-A-3,694,867 discloses a female fastener portion consisting of a high-loft, non-woven fabric having first and second major surfaces, with a multiplicity of loops along a first major surface for releasable engagement by a male fastener portion. During manufacture an intaglio pattern of thermoplastic resin is applied to the second major surface, and the cooperative action of a drum and gathering blade consolidates the open adhesive pattern into a layer of adhesive with random openings therethrough. Before application of the adhesive the fabric web has sufficient internal strength to enable it to be placed under tension.
The present invention provides a loop fastener portion including a fibrous structure and a simple means by which it may be fastened to an object which allows the loop fastener portion to be easily attached, bonds together the filaments of the fibrous structure to anchor the loops, sufficiently anchors the filaments to the backing so that even fibrous structures with relatively low internal strength and integrity can be used and will still provide loops that will provide shear and peel strengths comparable with loops from tightly woven fibrous structures, and does not present the possibility that loops will become adhered to it even when the fibrous structure is relatively porous.
a layer of thermoplastic resin adhered to the second major surface of said fibrous structure, said layer of thermoplastic resin anchoring said loops in said fibrous structure and being softenable by the application of heat to afford adhering said fastener portion to a substrate, characterized in that said layer of thermoplastic resin is a continuous layer, said fibrous structure is a lofty non-woven fibrous structure with initial low web integrity or internal strength, and said thermoplastic resin provides the fibrous structure with sufficient internal strength and integrity for use.
adhering the layer of thermoplastic resin to a substrate.
The thermoplastic resin may be of any conventional type such as polyethylene, polypropylene, blends and copolymers thereof, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, nylon copolymers, or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers and can be applied in any one of several methods such as by extrusion or roll coating of molten thermoplastic material directly onto the fibrous structure or by adhering thermoplastic film to the fibrous structure by hot nip lamination (i.e., softening only one surface portion of the thermoplastic film, pressing that softened surface against the fibrous structure, and allowing it to cool). After application, the thermoplastic resin will bond together the filaments of the fibrous structure to anchor the loops and will anchor the filaments and add sufficient internal strength and integrity to the loop fastener portion so that even very porous non-woven structures are usable to form the loops.
The thermoplastic resin can be simultaneously applied both to the fibrous structure and to a substrate and thus used to adhere the fibrous structure to a substrate, as may be useful in making the coated abrasive structures described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 4,609,581. Alternatively the thermoplastic resin can first be allowed to solidify and adhere to the fibrous structure and can subsequently be softened along its surface opposite the fibrous structure by exposure to heat, as by contact with a heated surface or from an infrared source of radiation, so that it will adhere quickly and securely to a substrate with which it is brought in contact (i.e., the polymeric outer layer of a disposable diaper) and the thermoplastic resin can add sufficient strength so that the loop fastener portion can be handled and applied to such a substrate at a high speeds by automated equipment even when the fibrous structure by itself would have insufficient internal strength to afford such handling.
Figure 3 schematically illustrates application of a loop fastener portion according to the present invention to a substrate.
Referring now to Figure 1 there is shown a loop fastener portion according to the present invention generally designated by the reference numeral 10.
The fastener portion 10 includes a soft flexible sheet-like non-woven fibrous structure 12 having a multiplicity of loops 14 along a first surface 16 adapted to be releasably engaged by a mating fastener portion (not shown); and a layer 18 of thermoplastic resin adhered to a second major surface 20 of the fibrous structure. Thermoplastic resin in the layer 18 anchors the loops 14 in the non-woven fibrous structure 12 and is softenable by the application of heat to adhere the fastener portion 10 to a substrate such as the substrate 22 which may be a polymeric outer sheet of a diaper.
Referring now to Figure 2 there is schematically illustrated one method for applying a layer 50 of thermoplastic resin to a second surface 51 of a fibrous structure 52 having a plurality of loops along a first surface 53 to provide a laminate 60 that could be cut into pieces to provide fastener portions like those described above. As illustrated, the fibrous structure 52 is pulled from a supply roll 54 around a guide roller 55 around a first chrome plated application roll 56 and through a nip between the first application roll 56 and a second rubber covered application roll 57. A drop die 58 from an extruder 59 deposits molten thermoplastic material along the nip between the second surface 51 of the fibrous structure 52 and the second application roll 57. The layer 50 of thermoplastic material is adhered to the fibrous structure 52 at the nip between the application rollers 56 and 57, and the layer 50 passes with the fibrous structure 52 around a portion of the periphery of the second application roll 57, around a second guide roll 61 and onto a wind up roll 62.
Figure 3 schematically illustrates the subsequent application to a substrate 70 of the laminate 60 of the fibrous structure 52 and the layer 50 of thermoplastic material. That laminate 60 is pulled from a supply roll 75 through the nip between spaced application rolls 71 and 72 around a portion of the periphery of the application roll 71 with the layer 50 of thermoplastic material facing outwardly where it will be heated and softened by an infrared heater 73 adjacent the application roll 71. The substrate 70 is pulled from a supply roll 74 and passes through the nip adjacent the softened layer 50 of thermoplastic material where it is pressed into contact with and is adhered to by that layer 50. The resulting composite 80 is then wound on a wind up roller 76.
It will be appreciated that the method illustrated in Figure 3 can easily be modified by known means to cut and apply predetermined lengths of the laminate 60 of the fibrous structure 52 and the layer 60 of thermoplastic material to provide loop fastener portions, and can include subsequent steps of separating the substrate into predetermined lengths of a desired shape after those lengths are applied as may, for example, be done in applying such lengths to disposable diapers.
The following is an example of a laminate 60 suitable for loop fastener portions that have been made using the method illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
A fibrous structure 52 in the form of a carded non-woven web was prepared as follows. Staple fibers (3.175 cm (1¼ inch) cut lengths of 4.75 denier crimped polyester) and binder fibers (3.175 cm (1¼ inch) cut lengths of 8 denier amorphous polyester) were blended at a ratio of 70% to 30% by weight, opened and fed to an even feeder that forms a fiber mat, and then processed in a roller top twin master card which constructed a non-woven web having a basis weight of 101.7 g/m² (3 oz/yd). The web was then thermally set in a hot air oven to provide a lofty non-woven fibrous structure 52 with low web integrity or internal strength.
The fibrous structure 52 was then extrusion coated by the method shown in Figure 2 with an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin. The resultant laminated structure 60 could be readily attached to a substrate using the method illustrated in Figure 3.
a layer (18) of thermoplastic resin adhered to the second major surface (20) of said fibrous structure, said layer (18) of thermoplastic resin anchoring said loops (14) in said fibrous structure (12) and being softenable by the application of heat to afford adhering said fastener portion (10) to a substrate (22), characterized in that said layer (18) of thermoplastic resin is a continuous layer, said fibrous structure (12) is a lofty non-woven fibrous structure with initial low web integrity or internal strength, and said thermoplastic resin (18) provides the fibrous structure with sufficient internal strength and integrity for use.
A structure according to claim 1 wherein said substrate (22) is the polymeric outer layer of a disposable diaper.
said adhering step includes softening the layer of thermoplastic resin by the application of heat and pressing the softened layer of thermoplastic resin (50) against the substrate (70) to adhere the fastener portion to the substrate.
A method according to claim 3 wherein said adhering step is performed simultaneously with said extruding step.
FR2856896A1 (en) * 2003-07-04 2005-01-07 Aplix Sa Complex is a film and a knit or non-woven for self-gripping, especially for diaper.
BE1014191A3 (en) † 2001-05-21 2003-06-03 Picanol Nv WIRE CLAMP a weaving loom AND CONTAINING SUCH WIRE CLIP.
KR200470389Y1 (en) * 2012-01-02 2013-12-11 이영호 A method of using a new type of fabric adhesive tape which made of Polyester textile and adhesive tapes which melt with heated when make the fabric materials connected without sewing and knitting.
Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO ROMA S.P.A.