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Basic Texts. of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 2017 EDITION
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1 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Diversity of Cultural Expressions Basic Texts of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 2017 EDITION
2 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Diversity of Cultural Expressions Basic Texts of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions
3 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Diversity of Cultural Expressions Diversity of Cultural Expressions Section Culture Sector UNESCO 7, place de Fontenoy Paris 07 SP, France Fax: Published in 2017 by UNESCO Designed and produced by MH DESIGN, France UNESCO 2017 Printed by UNESCO All the terms used in this Basic Texts to designate the person discharging duties or functions are to be interpreted as implying that men and women are equally eligible to fill any post or seat associated with the discharge of these duties and functions. CLT-2017/WS/22 ( )
4 Contents Foreword by the Director-General of UNESCO V 1. Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural 1 Expressions 2. Operational Guidelines 23 Measures to Promote Cultural Expressions 26 Measures to Protect Cultural Expressions Special Situations 29 Information Sharing and Transparency 32 Annex Framework for Quadrennial Periodic Reports on Measures to 35 Protect and Promote the Diversity of Cultural Expressions Education and Public Awareness 52 Role and Participation of Civil Society 55 Annex Set of Criteria for Admission of Civil Society Representatives at 57 the Meetings of the Organs of the Convention Promotion of International Cooperation 58 Integration of Culture in Sustainable Development 59 Cooperation for Development 62 Modalities for Partnerships 66 Preferential Treatment for Developing Countries 69 Guidelines on the Use of the Resources of the International 75 Fund for Cultural Diversity Exchange, Analysis and Dissemination of Information 84 Measures to Ensure the Visibility and the Promotion of the Convention 87 Guidelines on the Use of the Emblem of the Convention 90 Guidelines on the Implementation of the Convention in the Digital Environment Rules of Procedure of the Conference of Parties to the 2005 Convention Rules of Procedure of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection 115 and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions 5. Financial Regulations of the Special Account for the International Fund for 129 Cultural Diversity 6. Annexes 135 a. Model instrument of Ratification 137 b. Sessions of the Conference of Parties to the 2005 Convention 138 c. Sessions of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection and 139 Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions
5 Foreword V Foreword Since its adoption, the 2005 UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions has filled a vacuum with regards to culture in international law. It has become a reference point for international negotiations and on the role of cultural goods and services for development. Culture is more than a commodity. Films, books, the visual arts and the diversity of contemporary cultural expressions carry our ideas, our identities and our aspirations. They also create jobs, lead to development and innovation. This dual dimension, both cultural and economic, is central to current debates on sustainable development. The Convention recognizes the sovereign right of governments to adopt public policies and preferential treatment measures that nurture creativity, provide access for artists to domestic and international markets and ensure that their works are accessible to the public at large, and in an equitable manner. The majority of the 193 UNESCO Member States have now ratified the Convention. This 2017 edition of the Basic Texts includes new operational guidelines for the implementation of the Convention in the digital environment, which has changed the ways in which cultural goods and services are consumed, produced and distributed. In this new digital era, these guidelines will strengthen our action, modernize UNESCO s normative instruments and respond to the challenges of digital and cultural divides. More than 10 years after its adoption, the 2005 Convention remains a pioneer treaty. These Basic Texts frame and determine the environment in which dynamic cultural sectors
6 VI Foreword can emerge and develop. More than ever, we need to support this unique Convention. It provides an important focus for the implementation of the new United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Drawing on all culture resources, it provides an essential part of UNESCO s work to build more prosperous, more inclusive and more peaceful societies. Audrey Azoulay Director-General of UNESCO
7 The Convention 1 1. The Convention 1 CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE DIVERSITY OF CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS
8 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions The Convention 3 1. The Convention Paris, 20 October 2005 The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, meeting in Paris from 3 to 21 October 2005 at its 33rd session, Affirming that cultural diversity is a defining characteristic of humanity, Conscious that cultural diversity forms a common heritage of humanity and should be cherished and preserved for the benefit of all, Being aware that cultural diversity creates a rich and varied world, which increases the range of choices and nurtures human capacities and values, and therefore is a mainspring for sustainable development for communities, peoples and nations, Recalling that cultural diversity, flourishing within a framework of democracy, tolerance, social justice and mutual respect between peoples and cultures, is indispensable for peace and security at the local, national and international levels, Celebrating the importance of cultural diversity for the full realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other universally recognized instruments, Emphasizing the need to incorporate culture as a strategic element in national and international development policies, as well as in international development cooperation, taking into account also the United Nations Millennium Declaration (2000) with its special emphasis on poverty eradication, Taking into account that culture takes diverse forms across time and space and that this diversity is embodied in the uniqueness and plurality of the identities and cultural expressions of the peoples and societies making up humanity, Recognizing the importance of traditional knowledge as a source of intangible and material wealth, and in particular the knowledge systems of indigenous peoples, and its positive contribution to sustainable development, as well as the need for its adequate protection and promotion, Recognizing the need to take measures to protect the diversity of cultural expressions, including their contents, especially in situations where cultural expressions may be threatened by the possibility of extinction or serious impairment,
9 4 The Convention Emphasizing the importance of culture for social cohesion in general, and in particular its potential for the enhancement of the status and role of women in society, Being aware that cultural diversity is strengthened by the free flow of ideas, and that it is nurtured by constant exchanges and interaction between cultures, Reaffirming that freedom of thought, expression and information, as well as diversity of the media, enable cultural expressions to flourish within societies, Recognizing that the diversity of cultural expressions, including traditional cultural expressions, is an important factor that allows individuals and peoples to express and to share with others their ideas and values, Recalling that linguistic diversity is a fundamental element of cultural diversity, and reaffirming the fundamental role that education plays in the protection and promotion of cultural expressions, Taking into account the importance of the vitality of cultures, including for persons belonging to minorities and indigenous peoples, as manifested in their freedom to create, disseminate and distribute their traditional cultural expressions and to have access thereto, so as to benefit them for their own development, Emphasizing the vital role of cultural interaction and creativity, which nurture and renew cultural expressions and enhance the role played by those involved in the development of culture for the progress of society at large, Recognizing the importance of intellectual property rights in sustaining those involved in cultural creativity, Being convinced that cultural activities, goods and services have both an economic and a cultural nature, because they convey identities, values and meanings, and must therefore not be treated as solely having commercial value, Noting that while the processes of globalization, which have been facilitated by the rapid development of information and communication technologies, afford unprecedented conditions for enhanced interaction between cultures, they also represent a challenge for cultural diversity, namely in view of risks of imbalances between rich and poor countries, Being aware of UNESCO s specific mandate to ensure respect for the diversity of cultures and to recommend such international agreements as may be necessary to promote the free flow of ideas by word and image, Referring to the provisions of the international instruments adopted by UNESCO relating to cultural diversity and the exercise of cultural rights, and in particular the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity of 2001, Adopts this Convention on 20 October 2005.
10 I. Objectives and guiding principles The Convention 5 1. The Convention Article 1 Objectives The objectives of this Convention are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) to protect and promote the diversity of cultural expressions; to create the conditions for cultures to flourish and to freely interact in a mutually beneficial manner; to encourage dialogue among cultures with a view to ensuring wider and balanced cultural exchanges in the world in favour of intercultural respect and a culture of peace; to foster interculturality in order to develop cultural interaction in the spirit of building bridges among peoples; to promote respect for the diversity of cultural expressions and raise awareness of its value at the local, national and international levels; to reaffirm the importance of the link between culture and development for all countries, particularly for developing countries, and to support actions undertaken nationally and internationally to secure recognition of the true value of this link; to give recognition to the distinctive nature of cultural activities, goods and services as vehicles of identity, values and meaning; to reaffirm the sovereign rights of States to maintain, adopt and implement policies and measures that they deem appropriate for the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions on their territory; to strengthen international cooperation and solidarity in a spirit of partnership with a view, in particular, to enhancing the capacities of developing countries in order to protect and promote the diversity of cultural expressions. Article 2 Guiding principles 1. Principle of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms Cultural diversity can be protected and promoted only if human rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of expression, information and communication, as well as the ability of individuals to choose cultural expressions, are guaranteed. No one may invoke the provisions of this Convention in order to infringe human rights and fundamental freedoms as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or guaranteed by international law, or to limit the scope thereof. 2. Principle of sovereignty States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to adopt measures and policies to protect and promote the diversity of cultural expressions within their territory.
11 6 The Convention 3. Principle of equal dignity of and respect for all cultures The protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions presuppose the recognition of equal dignity of and respect for all cultures, including the cultures of persons belonging to minorities and indigenous peoples. 4. Principle of international solidarity and cooperation International cooperation and solidarity should be aimed at enabling countries, especially developing countries, to create and strengthen their means of cultural expression, including their cultural industries, whether nascent or established, at the local, national and international levels. 5. Principle of the complementarity of economic and cultural aspects of development Since culture is one of the mainsprings of development, the cultural aspects of development are as important as its economic aspects, which individuals and peoples have the fundamental right to participate in and enjoy. 6. Principle of sustainable development Cultural diversity is a rich asset for individuals and societies. The protection, promotion and maintenance of cultural diversity are an essential requirement for sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations. 7. Principle of equitable access Equitable access to a rich and diversified range of cultural expressions from all over the world and access of cultures to the means of expressions and dissemination constitute important elements for enhancing cultural diversity and encouraging mutual understanding. 8. Principle of openness and balance When States adopt measures to support the diversity of cultural expressions, they should seek to promote, in an appropriate manner, openness to other cultures of the world and to ensure that these measures are geared to the objectives pursued under the present Convention. II. Scope of application Article 3 Scope of application This Convention shall apply to the policies and measures adopted by the Parties related to the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions.
12 III. Definitions The Convention 7 1. The Convention Article 4 Definitions For the purposes of this Convention, it is understood that: 1. Cultural diversity Cultural diversity refers to the manifold ways in which the cultures of groups and societies find expression. These expressions are passed on within and among groups and societies. Cultural diversity is made manifest not only through the varied ways in which the cultural heritage of humanity is expressed, augmented and transmitted through the variety of cultural expressions, but also through diverse modes of artistic creation, production, dissemination, distribution and enjoyment, whatever the means and technologies used. 2. Cultural content Cultural content refers to the symbolic meaning, artistic dimension and cultural values that originate from or express cultural identities. 3. Cultural expressions Cultural expressions are those expressions that result from the creativity of individuals, groups and societies, and that have cultural content. 4. Cultural activities, goods and services Cultural activities, goods and services refers to those activities, goods and services, which at the time they are considered as a specific attribute, use or purpose, embody or convey cultural expressions, irrespective of the commercial value they may have. Cultural activities may be an end in themselves, or they may contribute to the production of cultural goods and services. 5. Cultural industries Cultural industries refers to industries producing and distributing cultural goods or services as defined in paragraph 4 above. 6. Cultural policies and measures Cultural policies and measures refers to those policies and measures relating to culture, whether at the local, national, regional or international level that are either focused on culture as such or are designed to have a direct effect on cultural expressions of individuals, groups or societies, including on the creation, production, dissemination, distribution of and access to cultural activities, goods and services. 7. Protection Protection means the adoption of measures aimed at the preservation, safeguarding and enhancement of the diversity of cultural expressions. Protect means to adopt such measures.
13 8 The Convention 8. Interculturality Interculturality refers to the existence and equitable interaction of diverse cultures and the possibility of generating shared cultural expressions through dialogue and mutual respect. IV. Rights and obligations of Parties Article 5 General rule regarding rights and obligations 1. The Parties, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations, the principles of international law and universally recognized human rights instruments, reaffirm their sovereign right to formulate and implement their cultural policies and to adopt measures to protect and promote the diversity of cultural expressions and to strengthen international cooperation to achieve the purposes of this Convention. 2. When a Party implements policies and takes measures to protect and promote the diversity of cultural expressions within its territory, its policies and measures shall be consistent with the provisions of this Convention. Article 6 Rights of parties at the national level 1. Within the framework of its cultural policies and measures as defined in Article 4.6 and taking into account its own particular circumstances and needs, each Party may adopt measures aimed at protecting and promoting the diversity of cultural expressions within its territory. 2. Such measures may include the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) regulatory measures aimed at protecting and promoting diversity of cultural expressions; measures that, in an appropriate manner, provide opportunities for domestic cultural activities, goods and services among all those available within the national territory for the creation, production, dissemination, distribution and enjoyment of such domestic cultural activities, goods and services, including provisions relating to the language used for such activities, goods and services; measures aimed at providing domestic independent cultural industries and activities in the informal sector effective access to the means of production, dissemination and distribution of cultural activities, goods and services; measures aimed at providing public financial assistance; measures aimed at encouraging non-profit organizations, as well as public and private institutions and artists and other cultural professionals, to develop and promote the free exchange and circulation of ideas, cultural expressions and cultural activities, goods and services, and to stimulate both the creative and entrepreneurial spirit in their activities;
14 (f) (g) (h) measures aimed at establishing and supporting public institutions, as appropriate; The Convention 9 measures aimed at nurturing and supporting artists and others involved in the creation of cultural expressions; measures aimed at enhancing diversity of the media, including through public service broadcasting. 1. The Convention Article 7 Measures to promote cultural expressions 1. Parties shall endeavour to create in their territory an environment which encourages individuals and social groups: (a) to create, produce, disseminate, distribute and have access to their own cultural expressions, paying due attention to the special circumstances and needs of women as well as various social groups, including persons belonging to minorities and indigenous peoples; (b) to have access to diverse cultural expressions from within their territory as well as from other countries of the world. 2. Parties shall also endeavour to recognize the important contribution of artists, others involved in the creative process, cultural communities, and organizations that support their work, and their central role in nurturing the diversity of cultural expressions. Article 8 Measures to protect cultural expressions 1. Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 5 and 6, a Party may determine the existence of special situations where cultural expressions on its territory are at risk of extinction, under serious threat, or otherwise in need of urgent safeguarding. 2. Parties may take all appropriate measures to protect and preserve cultural expressions in situations referred to in paragraph 1 in a manner consistent with the provisions of this Convention. 3. Parties shall report to the Intergovernmental Committee referred to in Article 23 all measures taken to meet the exigencies of the situation, and the Committee may make appropriate recommendations. Article 9 Information sharing and transparency Parties shall: (a) (b) provide appropriate information in their reports to UNESCO every four years on measures taken to protect and promote the diversity of cultural expressions within their territory and at the international level; designate a point of contact responsible for information sharing in relation to this Convention;
15 10 The Convention (c) share and exchange information relating to the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions. Article 10 Education and public awareness Parties shall: (a) (b) (c) encourage and promote understanding of the importance of the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions, inter alia, through educational and greater public awareness programmes; cooperate with other Parties and international and regional organizations in achieving the purpose of this Article; endeavour to encourage creativity and strengthen production capacities by setting up educational, training and exchange programmes in the field of cultural industries. These measures should be implemented in a manner which does not have a negative impact on traditional forms of production. Article 11 Participation of civil society Parties acknowledge the fundamental role of civil society in protecting and promoting the diversity of cultural expressions. Parties shall encourage the active participation of civil society in their efforts to achieve the objectives of this Convention. Article 12 Promotion of international cooperation Parties shall endeavour to strengthen their bilateral, regional and international cooperation for the creation of conditions conducive to the promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions, taking particular account of the situations referred to in Articles 8 and 17, notably in order to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) facilitate dialogue among Parties on cultural policy; enhance public sector strategic and management capacities in cultural public sector institutions, throughprofessional and international cultural exchanges and sharing of best practices; reinforce partnerships with and among civil society, non-governmental organizations and the private sector in fostering and promoting the diversity of cultural expressions; promote the use of new technologies, encourage partnerships to enhance information sharing and cultural understanding, and foster the diversity of cultural expressions; encourage the conclusion of co-production and co-distribution agreements.
16 Article 13 Integration of culture in sustainable development The Convention The Convention Parties shall endeavour to integrate culture in their development policies at all levels for the creation of conditions conducive to sustainable development and, within this framework, foster aspects relating to the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions. Article 14 Cooperation for development Parties shall endeavour to support cooperation for sustainable development and poverty reduction, especially in relation to the specific needs of developing countries, in order to foster the emergence of a dynamic cultural sector by, inter alia, the following means: (a) (b) (c) (d) the strengthening of the cultural industries in developing countries through: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) creating and strengthening cultural production and distribution capacities in developing countries; facilitating wider access to the global market and international distribution networks for their cultural activities, goods and services; enabling the emergence of viable local and regional markets; adopting, where possible, appropriate measures in developed countries with a view to facilitating access to their territory for the cultural activities, goods and services of developing countries; providing support for creative work and facilitating the mobility, to the extent possible, of artists from the developing world; encouraging appropriate collaboration between developed and developing countries in the areas, inter alia, of music and film; capacity-building through the exchange of information, experience and expertise, as well as the training of human resources in developing countries, in the public and private sector relating to, inter alia, strategic and management capacities, policy development and implementation, promotion and distribution of cultural expressions, small-, medium- and micro-enterprise development, the use of technology, and skills development and transfer; technology transfer through the introduction of appropriate incentive measures for the transfer of technology and know-how, especially in the areas of cultural industries and enterprises; financial support through: (i) (ii) (iii) the establishment of an International Fund for Cultural Diversity as provided in Article 18; the provision of official development assistance, as appropriate, including technical assistance, to stimulate and support creativity; other forms of financial assistance such as low interest loans, grants and other funding mechanisms.
17 12 The Convention Article 15 Collaborative arrangements Parties shall encourage the development of partnerships, between and within the public and private sectors and non-profit organizations, in order to cooperate with developing countries in the enhancement of their capacities in the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions. These innovative partnerships shall, according to the practical needs of developing countries, emphasize the further development of infrastructure, human resources and policies, as well as the exchange of cultural activities, goods and services. Article 16 Preferential treatment for developing countries Developed countries shall facilitate cultural exchanges with developing countries by granting, through the appropriate institutional and legal frameworks, preferential treatment to artists and other cultural professionals and practitioners, as well as cultural goods and services from developing countries. Article 17 International cooperation in situations of serious threat to cultural expressions Parties shall cooperate in providing assistance to each other, and, in particular to developing countries, in situations referred to under Article 8. Article 18 International fund for cultural diversity 1. An International Fund for Cultural Diversity, hereinafter referred to as the Fund, is hereby established. 2. The Fund shall consist of funds-in-trust established in accordance with the Financial Regulations of UNESCO. 3. The resources of the Fund shall consist of: (a) voluntary contributions made by Parties; (b) funds appropriated for this purpose by the General Conference of UNESCO; (c) contributions, gifts or bequests by other States; organizations and programmes of the United Nations system, other regional or international organizations; and public or private bodies or individuals; (d) (e) (f) any interest due on resources of the Fund; funds raised through collections and receipts from events organized for the benefit of the Fund; any other resources authorized by the Fund s regulations. 4. The use of resources of the Fund shall be decided by the Intergovernmental Committee on the basis of guidelines determined by the Conference of Parties referred to in Article 22.
18 The Convention The Intergovernmental Committee may accept contributions and other forms of assistance for general and specific purposes relating to specific projects, provided that those projects have been approved by it. 6. No political, economic or other conditions that are incompatible with the objectives of this Convention may be attached to contributions made to the Fund. 7. Parties shall endeavour to provide voluntary contributions on a regular basis towards the implementation of this Convention. 1. The Convention Article 19 Exchange, analysis and dissemination of information 1. Parties agree to exchange information and share expertise concerning data collection and statistics on the diversity of cultural expressions as well as on best practices for its protection and promotion. 2. UNESCO shall facilitate, through the use of existing mechanisms within the Secretariat, the collection, analysis and dissemination of all relevant information, statistics and best practices. 3. UNESCO shall also establish and update a data bank on different sectors and governmental, private and nonprofit organizations involved in the area of cultural expressions. 4. To facilitate the collection of data, UNESCO shall pay particular attention to capacitybuilding and the strengthening of expertise for Parties that submit a request for such assistance. 5. The collection of information identified in this Article shall complement the information collected under the provisions of Article 9. V. Relationship to other instruments Article 20 Relationship to other treaties: mutual supportiveness, complementarity and non-subordination 1. Parties recognize that they shall perform in good faith their obligations under this Convention and all other treaties to which they are parties. Accordingly, without subordinating this Convention to any other treaty, (a) (b) they shall foster mutual supportiveness between this Convention and the other treaties to which they are parties; and when interpreting and applying the other treaties to which they are parties or when entering into other international obligations, Parties shall take into account the relevant provisions of this Convention.
19 14 The Convention 2. Nothing in this Convention shall be interpreted as modifying rights and obligations of the Parties under any other treaties to which they are parties. Article 21 International consultation and coordination Parties undertake to promote the objectives and principles of this Convention in other international forums. For this purpose, Parties shall consult each other, as appropriate, bearing in mind these objectives and principles. VI. Organs of the Convention Article 22 Conference of parties 1. A Conference of Parties shall be established. The Conference of Parties shall be the plenary and supreme body of this Convention. 2. The Conference of Parties shall meet in ordinary session every two years, as far as possible, in conjunction with the General Conference of UNESCO. It may meet in extraordinary session if it so decides or if the Intergovernmental Committee receives a request to that effect from at least one-third of the Parties. 3. The Conference of Parties shall adopt its own rules of procedure. 4. The functions of the Conference of Parties shall be, inter alia: (a) (b) (c) (d) to elect the Members of the Intergovernmental Committee; to receive and examine reports of the Parties to this Convention transmitted by the Intergovernmental Committee; to approve the operational guidelines prepared upon its request by the Intergovernmental Committee; to take whatever other measures it may consider necessary to further the objectives of this Convention. Article 23 Intergovernmental committee 1. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, hereinafter referred to as the Intergovernmental Committee, shall be established within UNESCO. It shall be composed of representatives of 18 States Parties to the Convention, elected for a term of four years by the Conference of Parties upon entry into force of this Convention pursuant to Article The Intergovernmental Committee shall meet annually.
20 The Convention The Intergovernmental Committee shall function under the authority and guidance of and be accountable to the Conference of Parties. 4. The Members of the Intergovernmental Committee shall be increased to 24 once the number of Parties to the Convention reaches The election of Members of the Intergovernmental Committee shall be based on the principles of equitable geographical representation as well as rotation. 6. Without prejudice to the other responsibilities conferred upon it by this Convention, the functions of the Intergovernmental Committee shall be: (a) to promote the objectives of this Convention and to encourage and monitor the implementation thereof; (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) to prepare and submit for approval by the Conference of Parties, upon its request, the operational guidelines for the implementation and application of the provisions of the Convention; to transmit to the Conference of Parties reports from Parties to the Convention, together with its comments and a summary of their contents; to make appropriate recommendations to be taken in situations brought to its attention by Parties to the Convention in accordance with relevant provisions of the Convention, in particular Article 8; to establish procedures and other mechanisms for consultation aimed at promoting the objectives and principles of this Convention in other international forums; to perform any other tasks as may be requested by the Conference of Parties. 7. The Intergovernmental Committee, in accordance with its Rules of Procedure, may invite at any time public or private organizations or individuals to participate in its meetings for consultation on specific issues. 8. The Intergovernmental Committee shall prepare and submit to the Conference of Parties, for approval, its own Rules of Procedure. 1. The Convention Article 24 UNESCO secretariat 1. The organs of the Convention shall be assisted by the UNESCO Secretariat. 2. The Secretariat shall prepare the documentation of the Conference of Parties and the Intergovernmental Committee as well as the agenda of their meetings and shall assist in and report on the implementation of their decisions.
21 16 The Convention VII. Final clauses Article 25 Settlement of disputes 1. In the event of a dispute between Parties to this Convention concerning the interpretation or the application of the Convention, the Parties shall seek a solution by negotiation. 2. If the Parties concerned cannot reach agreement by negotiation, they may jointly seek the good offices of, or request mediation by, a third party. 3. If good offices or mediation are not undertaken or if there is no settlement by negotiation, good offices or mediation, a Party may have recourse to conciliation in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Annex of this Convention. The Parties shall consider in good faith the proposal made by the Conciliation Commission for the resolution of the dispute. 4. Each Party may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that it does not recognize the conciliation procedure provided for above. Any Party having made such a declaration may, at any time, withdraw this declaration by notification to the Director-General of UNESCO. Article 26 Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by member states 1. This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by Member States of UNESCO in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures. 2. The instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Director-General of UNESCO. Article 27 Accession 1. This Convention shall be open to accession by all States not Members of UNESCO but members of the United Nations, or of any of its specialized agencies, that are invited by the General Conference of UNESCO to accede to it. 2. This Convention shall also be open to accession by territories which enjoy full internal self-government recognized as such by the United Nations, but which have not attained full independence in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), and which have competence over the matters governed by this Convention, including the competence to enter into treaties in respect of such matters.
22 The Convention The following provisions apply to regional economic integration organizations: (a) This Convention shall also be open to accession by any regional economic integration organization, which shall, except as provided below, be fully bound by the provisions of the Convention in the same manner as States Parties; (b) (c) (d) (e) In the event that one or more Member States of such an organization is also Party to this Convention, the organization and such Member State or States shall decide on their responsibility for the performance of their obligations under this Convention. Such distribution of responsibility shall take effect following completion of the notification procedure described in subparagraph (c). The organization and the Member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Convention concurrently. In addition, regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their rights to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their Member States that are Parties to this Convention. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its Member States exercises its right, and vice-versa; A regional economic integration organization and its Member State or States which have agreed on a distribution of responsibilities as provided in subparagraph (b) shall inform the Parties of any such proposed distribution of responsibilities in the following manner: (i) (ii) in their instrument of accession, such organization shall declare with specificity, the distribution of their responsibilities with respect to matters governed by the Convention; in the event of any later modification of their respective responsibilities, the regional economic integration organization shall inform the depositary of any such proposed modification of their respective responsibilities; the depositary shall in turn inform the Parties of such modification; Member States of a regional economic integration organization which become Parties to this Convention shall be presumed to retain competence over all matters in respect of which transfers of competence to the organization have not been specifically declared or informed to the depositary; Regional economic integration organization means an organization constituted by sovereign States, members of the United Nations or of any of its specialized agencies, to which those States have transferred competence in respect of matters governed by this Convention and which has been duly authorized, in accordance with its internal procedures, to become a Party to it. 4. The instrument of accession shall be deposited with the Director-General of UNESCO. 1. The Convention
23 18 The Convention Article 28 Point of contact Upon becoming Parties to this Convention, each Party shall designate a point of contact as referred to in Article 9. Article 29 Entry into force 1. This Convention shall enter into force three months after the date of deposit of the thirtieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, but only with respect to those States or regional economic integration organizations that have deposited their respective instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession on or before that date. It shall enter into force with respect to any other Party three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 2. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by Member States of the organization. Article 30 Federal or non-unitary constitutional systems Recognizing that international agreements are equally binding on Parties regardless of their constitutional systems, the following provisions shall apply to Parties which have a federal or non-unitary constitutional system: (a) (b) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation of which comes under the legal jurisdiction of the federal or central legislative power, the obligations of the federal or central government shall be the same as for those Parties which are not federal States; with regard to the provisions of the Convention, the implementation of which comes under the jurisdiction of individual constituent units such as States, counties, provinces, or cantons which are not obliged by the constitutional system of the federation to take legislative measures, the federal government shall inform, as necessary, the competent authorities of constituent units such as States, counties, provinces or cantons of the said provisions, with its recommendation for their adoption. Article 31 Denunciation 1. Any Party to this Convention may denounce this Convention. 2. The denunciation shall be notified by an instrument in writing deposited with the Director-General of UNESCO.
24 The Convention The denunciation shall take effect 12 months after the receipt of the instrument of denunciation. It shall in no way affect the financial obligations of the Party denouncing the Convention until the date on which the withdrawal takes effect. 1. The Convention Article 32 Depositary functions The Director-General of UNESCO, as the depositary of this Convention, shall inform the Member States of the Organization, the States not members of the Organization and regional economic integration organizations referred to in Article 27, as well as the United Nations, of the deposit of all the instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession provided for in Articles 26 and 27, and of the denunciations provided for in Article 31. Article 33 Amendments 1. A Party to this Convention may, by written communication addressed to the Director- General, propose amendments to this Convention. The Director-General shall circulate such communication to all Parties. If, within six months from the date of dispatch of the communication, no less than one half of the Parties reply favourably to the request, the Director-General shall present such proposal to the next session of the Conference of Parties for discussion and possible adoption. 2. Amendments shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of Parties present and voting. 3. Once adopted, amendments to this Convention shall be submitted to the Parties for ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 4. For Parties which have ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to them, amendments to this Convention shall enter into force three months after the deposit of the instruments referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article by two-thirds of the Parties. Thereafter, for each Party that ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to an amendment, the said amendment shall enter into force three months after the date of deposit by that Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 5. The procedure set out in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall not apply to amendments to Article 23 concerning the number of Members of the Intergovernmental Committee. These amendments shall enter into force at the time they are adopted. 6. A State or a regional economic integration organization referred to in Article 27 which becomes a Party to this Convention after the entry into force of amendments in conformity with paragraph 4 of this Article shall, failing an expression of different intention, be considered to be: (a) (b) Party to this Convention as so amended; and a Party to the unamended Convention in relation to any Party not bound by the amendments.
25 20 The Convention Article 34 Authoritative texts This Convention has been drawn up in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish, all six texts being equally authoritative. Article 35 Registration In conformity with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, this Convention shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations at the request of the Director-General of UNESCO.
26 Annex Conciliation Procedure The Convention The Convention Article 1 Conciliation commission A Conciliation Commission shall be created upon the request of one of the Parties to the dispute. The Commission shall, unless the Parties otherwise agree, be composed of five members, two appointed by each Party concerned and a President chosen jointly by those members. Article 2 Members of the commission In disputes between more than two Parties, Parties in the same interest shall appoint their members of the Commission jointly by agreement. Where two or more Parties have separate interests or there is a disagreement as to whether they are of the same interest, they shall appoint their members separately. Article 3 Appointments If any appointments by the Parties are not made within two months of the date of the request to create a onciliation Commission, the Director-General of UNESCO shall, if asked to do so by the Party that made the request, make those appointments within a further twomonth period. Article 4 President of the commission If a President of the Conciliation Commission has not been chosen within two months of the last of the members of the Commission being appointed, the Director-General of UNESCO shall, if asked to do so by a Party, designate a President within a further two-month period. Article 5 Decisions The Conciliation Commission shall take its decisions by majority vote of its members. It shall, unless the Parties to the dispute otherwise agree, determine its own procedure. It shall render a proposal for resolution of the dispute, which the Parties shall consider in good faith. Article 6 Disagreement A disagreement as to whether the Conciliation Commission has competence shall be decided by the Commission.
28 Operational Guidelines Measures to Promote Cultural Expressions Operational Guidelines OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES
29 Operational Guidelines 25 Operational Guidelines Approved by the Conference of Parties at its second session (Paris, June 2009), third session (Paris, June 2011), fourth session (Paris, June 2013), fifth session (Paris, June 2015) and sixth session (Paris, June 2017) Measures to Promote Cultural Expressions Measures to Protect Cultural Expressions Special Situations Information Sharing and Transparency Annex Framework for Quadrennial Periodic Reports on Measures to Protect and Promote the Diversity of Cultural Expressions Education and Public Awareness Role and Participation of Civil Society Annex Set of Criteria for Admission of Civil Society Representatives at the Meetings of the Organs of the Convention Promotion of International Cooperation Integration of Culture in Sustainable Development Cooperation for Development Modalities for Partnerships Preferential Treatment for Developing Countries Guidelines on the Use of the Resources of the International Fund for Cultural Diversity Exchange, Analysis and Dissemination of Information Measures to Ensure the Visibility and the Promotion of the Convention Guidelines on the Use of the Emblem of the Convention Guidelines on the Implementation of the Convention in the Digital Environment 2. Operational Guidelines
30 26 Operational Guidelines Measures to Promote Cultural Expressions Measures to Promote Cultural Expressions Article 7 Measures to Promote Cultural Expressions 1. Parties shall endeavour to create in their territory an environment which encourages individuals and social groups: (a) to create, produce, disseminate, distribute and have access to their own cultural expressions, paying due attention to the special circumstances and needs of women as well as various social groups, including persons belonging to minorities and indigenous peoples; (b) to have access to diverse cultural expressions from within their territory as well as from other countries of the world. 2. Parties shall also endeavour to recognize the important contribution of artists, others involved in the creative process, cultural communities, and organizations that support their work, and their central role in nurturing the diversity of cultural expressions. Principles 1. Cultural policies and measures developed by Parties to promote the diversity of cultural expressions should: 1.1 be part of an integrated approach at the appropriate level and in accordance with the constitutional frameworks; 1.2 be based upon the guiding principles as set forth in Article 2 of the Convention; 1.3 foster the full participation and engagement of all members of society contributing to the diversity of cultural expressions, particularly persons belonging to minorities, indigenous peoples and women; 1.4 take into account the provisions of other international legal instruments in the field of culture which are applicable thereto; 1.5 foster the emergence of a dynamic cultural sector, taking into account all aspects of the cultural activities, goods and services in their diverse modes of creation, production, dissemination, distribution and access, whatever the means and technologies used. 1.6 aim, more specifically to: at the stage of creation, support artists and creators in their efforts to create cultural activities, goods and services;
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United Nations Convention on the Law of Treaties, Signed at Vienna 23 May 1969, Entry into Force: 27 January 1980 United Nations (UN) Copyright 1980 United Nations (UN) ii Contents Contents Part I - Introduction


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Home › News › Overseas Cash Couriers
Overseas Cash Couriers
Published by Daniel Lennox on 31 August 2022
Both the Charity Commission and Counter Terror Police have recently issued warnings to remind the charity sector of the dangers of using overseas cash couriers and have again advised against using them altogether unless there is an exceptional need to do so. The Regulator has stated that cash 'continued to be a high risk for terrorist financing and money laundering', with it continuing to see cases 'involving cash seizures from individuals who have indicated that they are carrying cash on behalf of a charity for charitable purposes.'
There have been numerous cases of late, involving the seizure of charitable cash by police and border patrol officers, following recent changes to the laws around carrying cash. Cash of £10,000 or more must be declared to UK customs before it leaves the UK. This is not £10,000 per individual, but £10,000 per group that is travelling. Failure to adhere to these regulations results in a £5,000 fine and potential confiscation of the cash being transported as well. Any such fines and seizures must be reported to the Charity Commission, through their serious incident reporting procedures, at the earliest opportunity. This responsibility falls upon the charity trustees. This must also then be adequately disclosed within the charity's financial statements.
If proven to be legitimate funds, charities will potentially be able to secure the return of any seized cash. However, the Charity Commission have warned that this can take a significant amount of time, cost, and inconvenience, which may not just impact upon the short-term cashflow position of the charity but could also lead to potential reputational damage in the eyes of the wider sector and the public.
From an audit perspective carrying significant sums of cash is very high risk, mainly due to there being a lack of regulations around its use and so there is less assurance about reliability. Often we see a lack of sufficient record-keeping, which makes it very difficult for trustees and management to prove that funds have been used entirely for the charitable purposes for which they were intended.
Charities can take out insurance to cover them for the potential of any funds to go missing whilst in transit, but it's important that if doing so they check the small print, to fully understand what they are and, just as importantly, are not covered for. This is whilst also ensuring continued adherence to the local rules and regulations governing the country in which the money is being transported.
The Regulator acknowledges that there is a need for charities which work internationally to move money across borders. Rather than taking the risk of using cash couriers, charities should use regulated banking systems, to minimise the potential risks to their charitable funds, and it will also ensure completeness of the audit trail. Additional administrative costs are not an adequate excuse for failing to use regulated banking systems, as the threats posed by using cash couriers far exceed the administrative costs.
There may be instances whereby cash couriers must be used by the charity. In such circumstances it is essential that proper due diligence is carried out. As a minimum this should include:
Having a written agreement in place with the agent, clearly setting out the agreed terms and conditions, with the relevant currencies disclosed.
Written details on the process of delivering the funds, who the funds will be paid too, and how much will be paid over.
Ensuring consideration and compliance with any local legal requirements that may exist when taking cash into the destination country.
Nevertheless, should regulated bank systems be available and the Management and/or the Trustees still make the decision to go ahead with the use of cash courier, then there must be detailed transparent evidence to clarify the rationale behind such channels being made use of, as well as evidencing the above stated risk management processes that were implemented. The failure to conduct and document such considerations opens the trustees up to the potential for the Charity Commission to deduce that they have acted without reasonable care, committing misconduct and/or mismanagement of the Charity.
The Charity Commission offer specific guidance to assist charities with these processes, which can be found here.
This guidance also includes the following useful tools that charities can complete and adopt:
Using intermediaries – risk management checklist
Physical cash transfers – checklist of key controls
Cash courier agreement form
Cash payments record form
In a world where we regularly hear that "Cash is King", charities must ensure they have the necessary financial controls and procedures in place to ensure they protect their funds from risk.
For more information about the topics explored in this article, contact us here
Daniel Lennox FMAAT
Susan Robinson BA FCA MCMI FCIE DChA
Accounts and Audit Partner, and Head of Charities and Not for Profit
Email Susan[email protected]
Email Susan
Lucy Hammond FCA DChA
Partner in Audit & Assurance
Email Lucy[email protected]
Email Lucy
18th January 2023 Government's new 'Energy Bill' support for UK businesses and charities welcomed
17th January 2023 New annual return questions for charities
5th January 2023 The year ahead for the charity sector

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Q: Windows 10 Universal In-App Feedback Mechanism Can anyone suggest me some good ways to add In-App Feedback mechanism for users, such as contact information(via email/or website)?
Please answer simple and in easy way, as I am new to development Thanks.

A: Add this reference
http://aka.ms/store-em-sdk
Check
if (Microsoft.Services.Store.Engagement.Feedback.IsSupported)
{
 this.feedbackButton.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
}

and then call this method
private async void feedbackButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
      await Microsoft.Services.Store.Engagement.Feedback.LaunchFeedbackAsync();
        }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Proper food pairing: pancakes and waffles, obviously.
We're of the opinion that real maple syrup (meaning the natural, kinda runny stuff) is one of the greatest substances known to mankind. Lawson's uses two gallons per barrel of the stuff to make its beloved Fayston Maple Imperial Stout. The rum barrel-aged version adds flavors of baked apple skin, vanilla beans and funky cane sugar to the maple-rich base before smooth dark chocolate and smoked raisins dry out the swallow. Also keep an eye out for the brewery's Maple Tripple, a 2016 World Beer Cup silver medalist made with maple sap and aged in oak barrels that once held maple liqueur.
Sweet black cherries roll down a slide of vanilla and green oak into a pool of maple syrup and orange juice in the aroma of this 8% cherry ale aged in barrels that were used to age bourbon and maple syrup; it almost comes across like a fruitier, less bourbony old fashioned. Sips are tangy up front, though the tart cherries quickly give way to soft notes of vanilla and toasted coconut. The sweet/tart swallow flashes with even more bright red cherries before a finish of baked apple, warm maple syrup and vanilla beans.
The barrel-aged version of RaR's breakfast stout brewed with cacao nibs, coffee, Vermont maple syrup and smoked malts does not mess around: Maple and moist brown sugar are all over the aroma. Sweet almond milk leads the sip, with syrup and marzipan arriving soon after. Blackberry-accented coffee and hints of chocolate-covered raisin and marshmallow appear at the finish. Though it certainly leans sweet, soft, bacony smokiness does an admirable job tempering the sugars.
Despite additions of cinnamon, vanilla and maple syrup, this 8.8% imperial stout avoids intense sweetness. In fact, it's quite dry and even a little smoky, with flavors of bittersweet chocolate and spicy sarsaparilla shifting to caramel and raisin midpalate. A lift of vanilla and maple syrup right at the swallow subsides slowly as the creamy, chewy body slides off the tongue, and lingering smokiness makes each sip like a bite of a bacon waffle sandwich.
Maple Long Johns, bacon strips, marshmallow lattes, nutty coffee and toast combine in the nose of this porter from Floridian adjunct masters Funky Buddha, while a sip adds in smoke and peanutty roasted malts. The soft, dry finish is both surprising and welcome, making the 6.4% ale as drinkable at the start of your day as at the end of it.
Originally a tricked-out version of Dogfish's classic Chicory Stout available only on draft, Beer for Breakfast was called up to bottles in January. Guatemalan cold-brew coffee, Massachusetts maple syrup and spiced scrapple—that's pig scraps—combine for a surprisingly dry flavor melding raisins, maple, dark chocolate and next-morning coffee grounds. The finish is where you get the meat and smoke; it's like a log of burnt alder wood with a slice of spam on top.
Bennington's aroma of smooth maple, oatmeal, lactose and pancake batter would be overwhelmingly sugary if not for smoothing cocoa powder notes courtesy of Dutch cocoa. It's much more balanced on the tongue, where maple syrup and chocolate-covered raisins arrive in tandem while oats and lactose smooth out the edges. The maple is low and woody—thankfully avoiding a supersweet Mrs. Butterworth quality—and the swallow dries out dramatically, with burnt toast and high-percentage cacao lingering through the roasty finish.
Along with the deluge of bourbon-aged stout the brewery now sends out of its Chicago brewery each year, Goose Island also releases a special version of BCS just for its home market, with the recipe changing annually. Proprietor's 2016 was aged in maple syrup bourbon barrels and infused with chipotle peppers and cocoa nibs, and it was … divisive. Mainly because the peppers were powerful contributors to the flavor, adding roasted vegetable notes and a red pepper flake heat that accented rich cocoa qualities like creamy, sticky mole.
Atlanta-based Second Self brews this imperial stout with oatmeal and coffee, then ages it in maple syrup bourbon barrels from funky food producer BLiS Gourmet for a flavor that shifts mischievously between espresso grounds, cocoa-dusted pomegranate, vanilla and natural maple syrup before a spicy coffee-and-cola finish. This is but the first in a series, and more Manic Pixie Dreams are to come, the brewery says, "in extremely limited quantities and only when a recipe is particularly outstanding and worthy of the name."
Maple syrup and fenugreek deliver a gigantic maple character to the aroma of this 7.6% ABV Baltic porter, and it's of the variety you're probably most familiar with: Log Cabin. Let it sit and the aroma leans sweet, with milk chocolate and moist Mounds bars leading the charge. A swirl brings out black licorice, barbecued meat and the more vegetal aspects of the fenugreek. Grape jelly, toasted coconut and maple syrup emerge on the sweet sip, while the swallow finds the fenugreek and hints of peppercorn, celery and fennel before a smooth, pleasant dark chocolate ashiness settles in between sips.
This spinoff of Manayunk's popular Crunch porter exchanges that beer's peanut butter infusion for cinnamon, vanilla and maple syrup. The latter is far and away the most noticeable of the three additives, contributing low-sugar maple and maple wood flavors to accent bittersweet chocolate chips and burnt toast.
Both the regular and imperial versions of Mikerphone's Nirvana-themed stout thread together Vermont maple syrup and varying varieties of coffee in a sugary power chord.
Brewers pour maple syrup right into the kettle when brewing this imperial porter, which helps boost its ABV up to 12.5% while adding intense raisin and syrup notes to balance burnt toast and black licorice flavors. Ten months' rest in bourbon barrels results in notes of vanilla, nougat, drying oak and toasted coconut.
If a maple tree went rogue and started dropping apples from its branches, this is what they would probably taste like. Straightforward semi-sweet apple flavor leads the charge, revealing hints of cinnamon before the mostly dry finish; the Vermont maple syrup added to the cider is noticeable as subtle, warm, pancakey fumes that float in the air above the liquid on the palate.
Hi there! I enjoyed flipping through your great selection of beers in this article. Second Self's Manic Pixie Dream Beer stuck out because it is listed as a Creature Comforts beer in the title, but, correctly, as a Second Self beer in the body. Cheers!
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Call us for a Free Quote. Local: 630.637.9935 | Toll Free: 800.678.5340|Serving Churches & Schools for 30 years
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From Dust To Glory
A Story of Rest & Peace in Jesus Christ
How God Redeemed Andy Kumar…
Hi, my name is Andy Kumar; owner and founder of City Express Travel. It's an honor to serve Churches & Christian schools across the USA since 1986. I now have the privilege to serve along with both of my sons; Simeon & Tim Kumar.
In 1976, at the age of 19 the Lords' people visited our town in India and shared the beautiful gospel of Jesus. The GRACE of God freed me forever. I am humbled to realize that our family run business is involved in sending the Lord's people across the Globe, every single day, to all 4 corners of the world.
Please let me know how we can assist you in planning your trip. We'll handle all the complex travel planning details, so you can focus on achieving the "big picture" of your mission. All of you are very special to me and my family!
Andy Kumar, CEO & Founder, City Express Travel
Andy & his Bride, Naila Kumar
"I consider Andy a true friend, brother, and partner in the Gospel. For over 30 Years Andy and his team have helped us serve the world, and travel to the darkest of places to share the Good News of Christ. I cannot imagine planning a mission trip & not calling my dear brother Andy. What a testimony!"
Pastor Jim J, Crestview Church of Christ
CLICK TO READ MORE CUSTOMER TESTIMONIALS!
Read The Complete Story Of Andy Kumar
The sun rose over the north Indian plains and brought life to the small villages and towns that dotted the fertile lands of Punjab. A young mother held a newborn baby in her arms as she looked out of her open door. Extreme poverty was all around her: an open sewer ran by the house, and people were crammed…
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into tiny dwellings with no hope of ever seeing any improvement in their lives. The mother looked towards the sky and uttered a prayer to a god – any god – that her baby boy would not have to live his whole life in the midst of such deprivation and degradation. The boy, named Ashok Kumar, spent his childhood in this poverty-stricken area, which became even more intense when his father died, leaving a young widow to take care of her children alone. Like many young men of that time and place, Ashok contemplated on the two main options to get away from poverty: joining the communist party or a life of crime…On top of this, Ashok's religious experience at the time consisted of idols, adoration of the spirits, and the idea that all gods were a passage to enlightenment. However, a marvelous event changed his family's life: a team of missionaries arrived in the area to the good news of Jesus Christ, and Ashok's mother converted to the saving faith.
A new hope soon came into the family. The mother began to disciple her son, and her son let go of the dreams of wealth that would come from a life of crime. Years later, that same child became a man and had the new name of Andy Kumar. He devoted his life to assisting those who brought the message of the God and Father of Our Lord, Jesus Christ, to villages, just like his own, around the world.
Andy then moved to Birmingham, England for an arranged marriage to a young woman in the local Indian community. He found himself in a foreign, unfamiliar country with a wife and extended family he had yet to meet. Despite getting to know her for some time, Andy's wife passed away just months after the birth of their only child, a daughter. The long nights of doubt and mourning nearly broke his spirit and his faith, but once again he was presented with an opportunity for a fresh start.
He moved to Chicago and secured an entry-level job in the travel industry. It was then Andy met Naila, a beautiful Pakistani-American woman who he eventually married. His daughter had a mother once again, and the newlywed couple also had two sons of their own. During this time, a dream began to form in his mind. He thought about his homeland and the images of sharing the good news of Jesus Christ, which brought a smile to his face. Could he create a business that would send out missionaries to people just like those who served his own family? It seemed impossible at the time. He didn't have a business background and capital funding, and yet the dream developed into a vision.
A vision was cast from the Lord, and with fear and apprehension, Ashok and Naila opened a bank account and put a phone in the front room of their home. City Express Travel was born in the early 1980s. The duo started to contact churches about low-cost short-term missionary airfares, and more than 30 years later, thousands of short-term workers were sent around the world to bring the message of an omnipotent God, and He has given reconciliation to sinful people by the Blood of the Cross of Calvary.
Over the years, City Express Travel has grown into a successful international travel agency. Today, the company features a team of skilled travel professionals, and Andy and his family now live in the suburbs of Chicago. The tiny hut, open sewer, and life surrounded by extreme poverty and crime seems more like a distant memory. Andy's new goal is to continue work with those that travel to the dark corners of the world where little children and adults look to a god – any god – and show them the Light of Christ.
Andy is available & would LOVE to share his story on your next mission conference at your church, school, college, or organization!
If interested, please contact Andy directly at Andy@cityexpresstravel.net or call us at 800-678-5340
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