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A blossoming bouquet of Laois Rose contestants
Entries still being accepted for the Laois Rose Selection night
By Lynda Kiernan lynda.kiernan@leinsterexpress.ie @laoisnews
Lots of excited new contestants for the 2017 Laois Rose competition have already signed up, after a busy information day at Laois Shopping Centre last Friday.
A delighted Sinead O'Neill, 23, from Clonaslee, cannot wait for her moment to shine as a Rose contestant, at the final in Portlaoise Heritage Hotel on April 30.
"When I was little I used to dress up in my communion dress and watch it with my cousins, we'd be lined up on the couch all dressed up," she said.
Her sponsor is Fallons Pub in Clonaslee, and she joined up after the co-ordinators called in to Born boutique in the Shopping Centre where she works.
"I had thought about it before but never applied. My mother is just delighted, and my father is telling everyone," she said.
A lifetime Irish dancer who hopes to one day open her own school, Sinead will be performing on stage in the Laois Final at Portlaoise Heritage Hotel in April, but organisers insist that party pieces are not necessary.
"A lot of girls coming up to us ask us if they need a talent, but you are not required to do a piece at all. We are just looking for modern warm confident women who are ambitious, intellectual, socially responsible and proud of their Irish heritage," said Lyn Moloney from Laois Rose Centre.
"There is lots of interest today and we have had several girls sign up," she said.
Laois Rose Kate Hyland was there to offer advice for new contestants.
"It's an incredible contest. Where else would you get the chance to travel Ireland with 64 strangers, and end up being such good friends? You have the ability to bring awareness to issues close to your heart, as well as having a bucket load of craic along the way," she said.
Shortly off to volunteer in Belarus with a group of Roses, she will end her year by taking part in the New York St Patrick's Day parade representing her county proudly.
"I've had an unbelievable year, one that has given me many opportunities. I feel I've been able to help certain causes and bring awareness to many areas," she said.
Watching the Laois Rose contestants pose for photos at Laois Shopping Centre was young Mary Grehan, 12 from Derrylamogue NS, with her auntie Carmel Lynch.
"I always stay up to watch it. I actually thought they were picking the Laois Rose today. I watched the parade when it was in Portlaoise, and I met all the Roses after, they were lovely and friendly," said Mary, who wants to enter herself when she turns 18.
Sarah Dunne, 25, from Portarlington works as a pharmacy technician in Boots chemist and is still working on finding a sponsor.
"I hope it will increase my confidence and be a way of meeting new people, and I'd be proud to represent my county. When I was growing up i always wanted to do it, it's kind of a dream come true," said Sarah, who hopes her macra on-stage training will stand to her for the live interview on Selection night.
Also at the launch was Phillippa Allan, aged 19 from Raheen, studying healthcare in Portlaoise College.
"I always watched it, then my cousin Sarah Jane went for it two years ago, and she told me to go for it. I am actually so excited now I can't wait," she said.
There is still time to apply for the chance to represent Laois at the International Rose of Tralee this August.
To enter: log on to www.roseoftralee.ie/apply and fill out the application form or contact Lyn or Steve at the Laois Rose Centre or find them on facebook.
They are inviting clubs, societies, associations, businesses, family or friends to nominate a contestant.
Contact Lyn on 083 4631611 or Steve on 086 2505791 Email Laoisroseoftralee@gmail.com or steve@roseoftralee.ie


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The Official Blog
Delivery & Logistics
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How taxi apps can reduce driver cancellation rates
Indhumathi D
Despite the increasing need for private transit, driver ride cancellation is considered as one of the major issues that hinder the growth of the ride-hailing segment. In fact, 36% of passengers in India claim driver cancellation to be the biggest drawback in booking on-demand taxis. Besides causing inconvenience for customers, it affects the overall business productivity for taxi owners which, in turn, cuts short the cash flow into their businesses.
Significance of social-media influencers to promote your ride-hailing taxi business
Social media influencers are those who make use of social media platforms to promote a product and engage their long reach of audience and followers. Using their online presence to promote businesses and its services to a larger market is called influencer marketing. This type of marketing is on the rise when compared to other traditional marketing strategies. Below are some of the reasons why social media influencers are essential to promote your ride-hailing taxi business.
6 benefits of participating in ride-hailing conferences
Conferences are the life force of the ride-hailing industry however, very few show interest towards them. Here is why you need to take time to attend ride-hailing conferences.
Know the industry better
Ride-hailing conferences are the most authentic channels through which you can get to know the updates in the industry. There are, of course, a lot of sources on the internet.
Do You Know Facebook Analytics Can Improve the Downloads of Your Ride-hailing App?
Facebook is a community of two billion users and a platform that has more active users than any other social media. Facebook Analytics is a typical tool, and its insights driven from the preferences and suggestions mean a lot for businesses. The authentication of such insights must be great and are reliable to take important decisions.
Why Do You Buy a Standard Product? Build Your Own Custom Taxi Software!
The exponential growth of the ride-hailing industry creates a lot of opportunities for service providers. In order to acquire more business and sustain in the field, several traditional taxi business owners are buying some random, standard, and native taxi booking and dispatching apps, which may not work in the current scenario. As it is a highly competitive landscape, you must swim against the tide.
3 Ways to Take up Ride-sharing Business in Egypt
Ride-hailing business is booming across the world irrespective of the region or country. Egypt attracts a huge range of tourists every year and is likely to welcome an increased number of international tourists by 2020. Moreover, people rely mostly on taxis for their daily commutes, airport transfers, visiting attractions, and so on. So, the doors are wide open for taxi startups to emerge in Egypt, which would be the potential landscape for the taxi business to grow.
Ride-hailing Services, Technology, and Regulations in Singapore–Malaysia Market
Taxi market in Singapore and Malaysia has been dominated by the world's leading ride-hailing service providers. Being the hubs of attractions, Singapore and Malaysia fascinate tourists with its alluring beauty. In Singapore, rationalization of the competitive landscape has stabilized revenue from the ride-hailing business.
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What she did: Krueger, who will continue her soccer career at Sam Houston State, recorded her 17th and 18th shutouts of the season during playoff wins over Birdville and Burleson.
Against Birdville in the 5A Region I area round, the Broncos and Hawks went scoreless before Krueger made three saves during the penalty kicks.
Legacy defeated Burleson 3-0 in the regional quarterfinal to clinch a spot in the regional tourney for the fourth time in five years. The Broncos will play Aledo on Friday in Wichita Falls.
Oklahoma signee Taylor Tufts made a 25-yarder early in overtime as Southlake Carroll beat Coppell 3-1 in the 6A Region I quarterfinals. Video credit Paul Lee.
What he did: Hernandez scored twice including the game-winning goal in the 69th minute to beat Birdville 3-2 in the 5A Region I quarterfinals and send the Elks to the regional tourney for the first time since 1998.
Burleson, which also beat Brewer in the area round, will play EP Bel Air on Friday in Wichita Falls.
Hernandez has scored 16 goals this season.
Jose Ortiz, Sam Houston: Scored two goals each time vs. Midland and Frenship.
DFW area girls soccer regional preview; Who will punch their ticket to Georgetown?


In this post we are going to see how you can leverage Lenses and SQL (Lenses SQL - our own SQL layer solution for Apache Kafka called Lenses SQL) to create, execute and monitor Kafka Streams application defined with SQL.
If you've worked with data before, a lot of time is allocated to extracting and massaging the data from various sources, and enhancing them into the required format.
Lenses SQL Engine for Apache Kafka makes your ETL challenges a quick and integrated experience. Lenses SQL covers the full capabilities of Kafka Streams API while providing enhanced and unique functionality not yet available on other implementations: topology view, full Avro support from day one, joins on key as well as joins on multiple value fields and more.
Consider a Kafka topic receiving sensor data. This is a common use case for Internet Of Things(IoT).
A requirement we came across at one of our clients is identifying hot sensors and push those records to a different topic while cherry picking some of the fields. We take this scenario a bit further and while we pick the temp field we convert the value from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
A SQL processor can be provisioned via Lenses UI where you also get to visualize the Kafka Stream flow topology.
The processor above is executed with 1 runner (more on this later on), auto-creates the target topic (if it does not exist), and associates the result of this query with an Avro schema, and executes this unbounded data query.
Both sensors and hot_sensors topics contain the entire history of the time-series. What if an application is only interested in the latest state of the world without having to read all the records ?
This time, we are creating the target topic explicitly while specifying the partition, replication-factor and cleanup.policy. Lenses SQL allows you to configure any of the settings available for a Kafka Streams application including consumers, producers and rocksdb specific parameters.
The source topic might have Billions / Trillions of metrics, but the target topic is compacted and contains the latest message from each sensor as long as the record key is set to the sensor identifier.
Another use case could be highlighting those sensors for which at least X messages have been sent to the sensor topic within a time window of 1 minute. The Lenses SQL code below groups all the messages received within a 1-minute time window by the sensor identifier (the stream record key is the sensor unique identifier) and counts the number of messages received from that source but only pushes the results to the output topic if the computed value is at least 5.
Where is Lenses SQL executed and how does Lenses SQL perform ?
By default Lenses runs the Kafka Streams applications resulted from Lenses SQL inside its own process. This is what the developer version (which is free!) comes with. However we support two additional modes targeting enterprise customers where scalability is important: KUBERNETES and CONNECT.
A single runner runners=1 (in the UI) means that a single instance of the resulting Kafka Streams application will be run.
The above code running on one of our 3-brokers Kafka cluster handles 100-135 K msg / second. But we can do better by tweaking a few knobs. Executing the same query with runners=2 the throughput reaches 200-270 K msg / sec.
Having 5 runners and higher partition count, on the same cluster the SQL processor managed to handle 500 - 570 K msg / sec.
We run the same processor on a larger kafka-cluster with the output topic having 30 partitions and executing the SQL with 10 runners Lenses SQL has reached the 1 M msg / sec rate.
How can i run my streaming system at 10 - 20 M msg / sec ?
Running one instance of Lenses (maybe with HA enabled) could be enough for some projects, but what happens when fault tolerance, performance and processing guarantees are important?
For that we would need to scale our Kafka cluster, as well as scale the processing. Lenses integrates with your Kubernetes cluster or your Kafka Connect cluster and allows you to scale and orchestrate your stream processing engines.
Lenses SQL is packaged in 'containers' ready for your Kubernetes cluster. Lenses is fully integrated with Kubernetes, and allows you to architect your streaming ETL.
Lenses SQL is also provided as a connector for Kafka Connect; this option is more suitable for a VM based infrastructure, rather than container based. Once the connector is installed in the classpath of your Kafka-Connect distributed workers, Lenses will automatically integrate with it.
How does Lenses SQL work?
Lenses SQL draws from the experience of working over many years with distributed execution engines, from Map/Reduce to Spark and Flink, and applies the same practices and principles to KStreams. It first builds the physical topology and then prepares and optimizes the execution plan.
You might have noticed in the above topology, Lenses SQL even handles re-partition of topics - a mandatory step required by Kafka Streams API in order for the join to happen when the topics involved do not share the same partition count number. With monitoring and alerting also provided as part of Lenses, you end up with a complete and enterprise-ready SQL solution for Apache Kafka.
When dealing with Avro payloads, Lenses SQL is able to perform static validation leveraging the existing Avro schema(-s) involved. Therefore when the field selection is not in sync with the schema the validation will raise an error which will be displayed in the UI thus making for a better environment to write SQL on Kafka.
Lenses makes streaming analytics accessible to everyone. It empowers users, both technical and non-technical, to run comprehensive, production-quality streaming analytics using Structured Query Language (SQL). Getting started with processing streaming data with Kafka Streams requires heavy development and infrastructure work to be done. With Lenses we are getting all the hassle of setting up your applications as well as scale them out in a containerized or VM environment. The Lenses SQL engine capabilities are complemented by an easy to use web interface, that visualizes the topology of the processor, but also a rest endpoint to register processors as part of your CI or further integration.
Lenses for Kafka Development The easiest way to start with Lenses for Apache Kafka is to get the Development Environment, a docker that contains Lenses, Kafka, Zookeeper, Schema Registry, Kafka Connect, and a collection of 25+ Kafka Connectors and example streaming data.


Music Sets 1–4 include worship, holiday, and kids' songs, so you can minister year round!
• Your church will be surprised and delighted when kids perform special music during services.
• With the wide variety of music available, kids can minister whether it's Cradle Roll Sunday, Mother's or Father's Day, pastor appreciation, July 4, or the Christmas and Easter seasons.
• Throw Jesus a birthday party and invite the community; then do a musical presentation. Handbell Music Set 4 includes "Happy Birthday!" along with traditional Christmas carols.
• Take the show on the road! A handbell choir is a great way to minister at nursing homes, hospitals, or malls.
• Having difficulty turning the cards quickly enough? Try this user tip: Attach paper clips to each card to form a row down the side of the cards (think tabs on file folders). The paper clips will serve as tabs for the cards!
• Use Handbell Music as a prelude or intermission.
• Have more kids than roles in your pageant? Make a heavenly noise with angels who play bells instead of singing. It's especially great for young kids who have trouble remembering lines!
• Wow parents and grandparents when their "musically-challenged" little one is part of a beautiful handbell choir.
• Give children self-confidence and build discipline when you incorporate bells into your regular lesson.
• Add a little musical fun to your next assembly.


Deciding how to price your services is an interesting process. We all know that the price we set needs to at least cover our costs — and hopefully bring some profit as well. But how do you determine that profit margin and how do you put a value on your time?
That's the problem I encountered a year ago, when I was approached by a company who wanted to sponsor some videos for my YouTube channel. I loved their mission and our values aligned, so I was happy to do that - but how much money was I going to ask for? It's a nice problem to have, but it left me startled.
After some time and A LOT of internal debate, I arrived at a number: $300 per five minute video. I felt confident and empowered — but little did I know,I was undervaluing myself and my time.
I always thought that I knew my worth and that I wouldn't make the classic mistake of asking for less money than others, but I was wrong. After I shared the exciting news with my friend who had more experience with how YouTube creators priced their work, she told me that I should go higher — that $500 felt right.
I stopped. That felt way too high: me? Charging $750 per video? Insanity.
But he explained that I should be ready for a negotiation: this is a number that the conversation will anchor from, and not only it would improve my chances of getting paid more, but it would also communicate my confidence in the value I'd be providing them.
When the moment of truth came, I put on my confident face (while shaking inside) and said the number: "$750 per video." I was prepared for a negotiation, but I had decided that I was not going lower than $500.
The company agreed to that price straight away. And just like that, I was going to earn two and a half times more than what I originally was going to ask for!
The moral of the story is: when valuing your time and services, be bold and go higher than what your gut is telling you, and ask trusted friends and colleagues for their input. And benchmark — with both men and women. This is the only way to get a realistic picture that's not biased by self-doubts. And get ready to set the anchor for your negotiations — let the other side know your value. And if it doesn't feel right at first, fake it till you make it!
Masha is the founder of Coding Blonde, a blog dedicated to empowering women in technology and breaking stereotypes. She creates videos showing that tech can be fun and doesn't have to be intimidating. Her background is in Marketing and Market Research and learning how to code is her hobby. She is passionate about learning how everything works - along with cooking, travelling and discovering new things.
Masha is originally from Russia and has recently moved to the US from London, where she worked at Google for a couple of years.


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Toronto FC feeling heathier ahead of Atlanta visit after international break
soccernews — October 16, 2021 0 comment
TORONTO — Jozy Altidore and Alejandro Pozuelo could both see some playing time Saturday when Toronto FC returns to action against visiting Atlanta United after the international break.
While coach Javier Perez was not definitive on either designated player taking the field, he said there was a chance.
"This international break has been really good for us because we have had time to work with players that have been out for a long time" he told reporters in a virtual availability Friday. "The other thing is we have to remember that some of these players have been out for a long time and it takes a little bit of time for them to get into the fifth gear they need to (be in). But it's all good news."
Both players have been training with the team this week.
Altidore has not played since Aug. 7, missing the last 11 games in all competitions. He underwent surgery on his right ankle on Aug. 19 in New York with the club saying at the time his recovery would take six weeks.
Sidelined by a lower body injury that has dogged him all year, Pozuelo last saw action Aug. 27 in a 3-1 loss to Montreal. The Spanish playmaker, the league's reigning MVP, has not played in the seven matches since although he was on the bench for Toronto's last game, a 3-1 home win over Chicago on Oct. 3.
Altidore and Pozuelo, whose salaries this year total US$8.25 million, have appeared in a combined 23 matches this season with three goals and four assists between them.
There is also a question-mark over winger Yeferson Soteldo, the team's other designated player. He saw 14 minutes off the bench in Venezuela's 1-0 loss to visiting Paraguay in Merida on Wednesday, with a long journey home and a health issue.
Perez said while Soteldo had been feeling "some discomfort," the club's medical staff says it's not as severe as initially thought. He will be evaluated prior to the match.
"At the moment, he's questionable for (Saturday)," said Perez.
While Toronto (6-15-7) is unbeaten in its last five games in all competitions (4-0-1), it stands 13th in the 14th-team Eastern Conference — 15 points out of the playoffs. A loss Saturday will eliminate it from post-season contention, as will a tie if certain other results occur.
That would mark just the second time since 2015 that Toronto failed to make the playoffs. Toronto, which first took the field in 2007, missed the post-season in its first eight campaigns — also exiting after the regular season in 2018.
TFC had lost six straight and gone winless in nine (0-7-2) prior to the current unbeaten run. Its hopes now are pinned on the Canadian Championship with a Nov. 3 semifinal against Pacific FC.
"We want to win that," said Toronto defender Kemar Lawrence. "I feel like every game right now is just getting us sharper and sharper for that. So we want to end the year with a trophy. Now we can't get MLS Cup but a trophy's a trophy.
"So we'll take what we can get at this point and that's the only thing out there right now. We win that, we hold our heads up and we get ready for next season."
Like Altidore, striker Dom Dwyer and centre back Chris Mavinga have been upgraded to questionable ahead of the Atlanta game. Ayo Akinola, Tsubasa Endoh, Ralph Priso and Luke Singh are out.
Toronto's Mark Delgado, Richie Laryea and Soteldo are all one yellow card away from a suspension.
Eighth-place Atlanta (10-9-9) arrives on the cusp of the playoffs — 14 points ahead of Toronto.
"Every game is a final," defender Brooks Lennon said of the club's remaining six matches
"It's a tough place to play, no matter what time of year it is," Lennon said of Toronto. "They've got a quality team. It doesn't matter where they are in the standings or the table … We're not going there and thinking we're just going to run all over these guys."
Atlanta has lost two of its last three, including a 2-1 defeat in Montreal last time out. But prior to the Montreal defeat, it had lost just two of 11 matches (8-2-1) — a run that included a 1-0 victory over visiting Toronto on Aug. 18.
The club is 4-3-0 under Mexican coach Gonzalo Pineda who was hired in August in the wake of Gabriel Heinze's firing. Atlanta went 2-4-7 this season under Heinze, an Argentine who had a falling out with star striker Josef Martinez.
Martínez is back in the fold although he did not practise Thursday, suffering from hamstring/knee soreness. Pineda says the Venezuelan is day-to-day.
"He's doing more every day," Pineda explained.
"In Josef's case, he's so important to the team that if he's available, if he has even 30 minutes in his legs to impact the game, I might be willing to take him," he added.
Atlanta midfielder Tyler Wolff is out with a toe issue.
The club trained this week using several formations, ranging from deploying a false No. 9 to using veteran Mexican Erick Torres up top.
"I think there might be one that adjusts better for the opponent, which I won't share for sure," Pineda said with a smile. "But there is my favourite specifically for Toronto that I think we can cause them some problems. But at the same time that takes away some things too."
Martinez, the league's MVP in 2018, scored his 100th goal for Atlanta in the 1-0 win over Inter Miami on Sept. 29, becoming the fastest player in MLS history to reach 100 goals. He did it in 125 games. Robbie Keane is the next fastest, scoring his first 100 goals for the Los Angeles Galaxy in 156 outings.
The 28-year-old Martinez has 10 goals in 19 appearances this season.
Defenders Miles Robinson and George Bello are back with the team after international duty with the U.S.
Atlanta is 2-6-6 on the road this season
Follow @NeilMDavidson on Twitter
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 15, 2021.
Neil Davidson, The Canadian Press
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The Goal of Project Honor is memorialize the lives of Our Fallen Warriors, individually, in the words of those that knew them. There is no deadline for "completion" and updates to each are likely. Our Fallen deserve to be remembered for their Victories and Character in life, not only the moment the enemy got lucky. They are not mere names nor numbers to be used in a political campaign.
LCpl Cody Roberts: When three becomes two
Boise, Idaho, 8/31/2010, Helmand province, Afghanistan. 2/6, 2nd Marine Division
My Fallen Soldier: In Memory of Pfc Shane Reifert
« Honoring LCpl Liam Tasker & Theo | Main | Honouring CSgt Alan "Cammy" Cameron »
Honoring Lance Corporal Stephen McKee
Lance Corporal Stephen McKee
Lance Corporal McKee, aged 27, came from Banbridge in County Down, Northern Ireland. In 2003 he joined 3rd Battalion, The Royal Irish Regiment as a part-time soldier. When the Home Service were disbanded he decided to transfer to 1st Battalion, The Royal Irish Regiment and he joined them at Tern Hill, Shropshire, in April 2007.
Lance Corporal McKee was posted to B Company, where he served with distinction for 3 years before moving to the Machine Gun Platoon in D Company in 2010. He first deployed on Op HERRICK 8 in March 2008 and was quickly recognised as a fine soldier, trustworthy and courageous.
Lance Corporal McKee always had time for everyone. He was a family-man and showed enormous strength, particularly during a very difficult time last year when his two-day-old daughter passed away. Lance Corporal McKee had strong family connections with the regiment, with two brothers, a cousin and his father-in-law all serving in the First Battalion, and with another brother serving in the Second Battalion.
Lance Corporal McKee's loss is profound. It has affected this Battalion and the wider Regimental family most deeply. He leaves behind his wife Carley, his parents Heather and Bobby, his brothers Michael, Gareth and Robert, and his sisters Kelly and Rebecca, our thoughts are with them all at this sad time.
The wife of Lance Corporal McKee, Carley McKee, said:
"You will always be my hero and every step I take in life, I will have my two angels looking after me. You truly are the best husband, father, son and brother anyone could ask for. Till we meet again. Love you always."
Lieutenant Colonel Colin Weir, Commanding Officer, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"The death of Lance Corporal Stephen McKee has sent a wave of shock and sadness through this Battlegroup. Everyone knows the McKees. Everyone respects the McKees. The McKees are in the First Battalion and the McKees are in the Second Battalion.
"It is families like the McKees that make this Regiment what it is; they are the fibre that runs through us and what gives us our fighting spirit. It is because of families like the McKees that we are the winners in this fight.
"Stephen McKee was the finest of men; he was irrepressible, he was utterly reliable and he was a fearsome warrior. As part of the Operations Company he fought the long battle to drive the enemy out of the Nad-e'Ali Canal zone and into the desert.
"And it was into the desert that Stephen and his comrades followed, in pursuit of the enemy. When he died, he was attacking the insurgent in his bases there, harassing him, capturing his weapons and destroying his explosives.
"Not only was he the finest of Irish soldiers, he was a man with great depths of resilience. I had the privilege of spending a little while with him and his wife Carley after their baby daughter passed away unexpectedly last year.
"His parents and his brothers and sisters had closed around the grieving couple. Their strength and the unshakeable of bonds of this wonderful family were truly humbling. Please God be with them all now. Faugh A Ballagh."
Major Gregory Murphy, Officer Commanding D Company, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"The death of Lance Corporal Stephen McKee comes as a most profound loss. Rarely would you find someone as conscientious, generous, hard working and as professional as Stephen. I remember my first meeting with him on Salisbury Plain when he was commanding the opposing force on my Company exercise.
"The first thing that struck me was his disarming smile, the second that unflaggingly positive character of his. Regardless of his own discomfort or the adverse conditions crippling those around him, there would be Stephen with that bloody grin of his. He was a popular and endeared leader within the Company and whilst he was easy to like, he was a man that was even easier to respect.
"Lance Corporal McKee joined Machine Gun Platoon in early 2010 but has always been closely linked with the Regimental Bugles, Pipes and Drums. He was destined for greater things and had just completed his Machine Gun Section Commanders Course before deploying to Afghanistan at the end of January 2011.
"After rejoining the Company he pushed himself immediately to the front and that is where he continued to lead from. He was employed as a Patrol second-in-command and had already taken part in numerous air assault operations. On the day of his death he was taking part in a cordon and search of a small Kalay (village).
"He was determined to do the best he could, to stand shoulder to shoulder with his mates and to serve his country proudly. And this he did.
"Stephen gave his life doing the job he loved. He was a committed, brave and selfless leader that thought nought of himself and everything of those around him. He was a loving husband to Carley and a totemic man of the Regiment. The tragedy has deeply hit the men, not just of D Company, but across the Battalion. That grin of his will be hard to replace."
"Brave, selfless, stoic and good craic with it – these are just some of the accolades lauded on Lance Corporal Stephen McKee by his fellow soldiers. They are the mainstay of every Irish soldier and he was their very embodiment."
Captain Quinton Lenegan Royal Marines
Captain Quinton Lenegan Royal Marines, Machine Gun Platoon Commander, D Company, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"Stephen's death is a terrible and heart-felt loss. In my time with 1 R IRISH he certainly had an impact on me. From the moment he joined my Platoon I realised that Stevie was special and I was truly inspired by the motivation he displayed in all aspects of his job.
"He was a selflessly committed work and family man who faced every challenge head on and never faltered. His friendly 'happy go lucky' attitude made him extremely popular and he was embraced by the Platoon.
"Lance Corporal McKee was a man who was destined to excel; Stephen had just passed his Machine Gun Section Commanders course and was due to play a key role in the forging of a new Fire Support Platoon.
"The excitement that he displayed when we discussed the prospects of forming a new Platoon was truly inspiring and is testament to the utter professional that he was. His commitment to the Battalion and loyalty to his brothers in arms was humbling. Stephen was not willing to rest on his laurels after his Machine Gun course but instead deployed on Op HERRICK 13 and joined his Platoon.
"Stephen joined the men he loved and has paid the ultimate sacrifice for us, his Battalion and his country. Stephen will live on in my memories and his wife Carley and his family will be in my thoughts during this turbulent time. Rest in Peace Steve."
Captain Benjamin Cox, 11 Platoon Commander, D Company, 1st Battalion, The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"Brave, selfless, stoic and good craic with it – these are just some of the accolades lauded on Lance Corporal Stephen McKee by his fellow soldiers. They are the mainstay of every Irish soldier and he was their very embodiment. He comes from a strong line of Royal Irish stock and it showed. He consistently exceeded what was asked of him and did so in good mirth. He was truly inspiring.
"Lance Corporal McKee came to Ops Company and 11 Platoon at the end of January. He had completed his course in Brecon and was chomping at the bit to command and join his fellow Rangers on operations.
"He joined an experienced Ops Company with many an Air Assault operations to its name and settled into the pace without missing a step. From the off he added value, and that he continued to do so throughout all of this is testament to his fine character.
"The Platoon's thoughts and prayers are with Carley, Stephen's wife, and with his brothers and cousin in the Battalion: Gareth, Michael and Richie. He will be sorely missed by one and all in this close knit Battalion and his memory will live on."
"I could start by saying he was a rough-cut diamond and everyone would know what this means, but not with Stephen. He was not a rough-cut diamond or a bit of a rogue – he was genuinely a nice guy and a doting husband and as such I feel privileged to have known him."
Warrant Officer Class 2 John Brennan
Warrant Officer Class 2 John Brennan, Company Sergeant Major, D Company, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"I could start by saying he was a rough-cut diamond and everyone would know what this means, but not with Stephen. He was not a rough-cut diamond or a bit of a rogue – he was genuinely a nice guy and a doting husband and as such I feel privileged to have known him.
"In work he was always enthusiastic; a happy go lucky soldier with a budding career ahead of him, having just passed a Machine Gun Section Commander's course. Lance Corporal McKee will be truly missed, not just by me – he has left a huge hole within the Machine Gun Platoon and even more so throughout the whole Company, but it does not stop there – If you did not know Lance Corporal McKee you would have most certainly heard of the McKee name within the Battalion.
"It is not the first time I have served with one of the McKee family, and I feel extremely fortunate to have done so; this is a sentiment that is shared throughout the Company and the Battalion.
"I would like to mention his brothers Lance Corporal Michael McKee and Ranger Gareth McKee, of whom I had the pleasure of serving alongside on the last Operation in 2008, and his cousin Corporal Richie McKee whom I have yet to serve with.
"I feel honoured to have met Lance Corporal McKee's parents and I can see why the McKee family, through their parents, have earned themselves the reputation of being such genuine people.
"Lance Corporal McKee has made the ultimate sacrifice, however, in our memories he will live on. Our thoughts at this most difficult time are with his wife, Carley, whom he has left behind. I also extend them to his parents, Heather and Bobby and the wider McKee family. These words will bring little solace but we as a family Regiment are feeling his loss most keenly."
Lance Corporal Jason Orr, Machine Gun Platoon, D Company, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"I first met Stephen through his brother Michael. It didn't take me long to realise what a warm hearted and true all round good lad Stephen was. When he asked me to be part of the guard of honour at his marriage to Carley, I was delighted and proud to do it. Although, I did tell him that I was worried about whether I would fit into my Number 2 Uniform in time for the occasion.
"At the beginning of 2010 Stephen and I both moved to Machine Gun Platoon. He was the type of guy who was always there to lend a hand and the first to volunteer to help out. He never complained with his lot.
"He just knuckled down and got on with the job, but always kept an eye out for others. It was his nature that he would never see you stuck and would be right by your side when you needed him.
"Professionally he was brilliant. He loved his soldiering and was keen to continue his career. He enjoyed the challenge of the machine gun section commander's course and couldn't wait to join his mates on the front line. He hated the idea of not being able to help his mates.
"My thoughts and prayers go out to his wife Carley, his parents Heather and Bobby and his brothers and sisters Michael, Gareth, Robert, Rebecca & Kelly. I know Stephen was a big family man and loved them all dearly.
"I've lost a true friend but I know he's looking down on us now with that big loveable smile of his."
"Stevie was a true friend. I'll remember him as the quiet man but when he spoke he had me on my knees in laughter, he was an utter gentleman and I'll miss him always."
Lance Corporal Glen Crooks
Corporal William Haighton, Javelin Platoon, D Company, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"My thoughts are with you Carley, Richie, Michael, Gareth and the rest of the McKee family. You were a true hero and a loyal friend - reunited with your daughter, RIP mate; gone too soon!"
Lance Corporal Glen Crooks, Javelin Platoon, D Company, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"Stevie was a true friend. I'll remember him as the quiet man but when he spoke he had me on my knees in laughter, he was an utter gentleman and I'll miss him always. My thoughts go out to the McKee family especially Carley, and the McKee brothers."
Lance Corporal David Pepper, D Company, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"My thoughts are with all the McKee family through this hard time. Stevie was a good friend and we had many good times while we were in B Company together. He will be sadly missed by everyone in the Company."
Ranger Wayne McCreery, Machine Gun Platoon, D Company, 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment, said:
"My thoughts are with the McKee family at this sad time in their lives. I had the privilege of being with Stephen on the whole of his last day with us. He was a true gentleman who made our time here a lot easier and when you worked with Stephen you always knew the job was being done right.
"We had many laughs together and our last few weeks here won't be the same without him. Stephen is and always will be a credit to the McKee family and we will sorely miss him. Rest in peace mate. You were a good friend and you won't be forgotten."
Secretary of State for Defence, Dr Liam Fox, said:
"I was deeply saddened to learn of the death of Lance Corporal Stephen McKee. The tributes of those he served alongside describe an exemplary soldier who was committed to his duty and his friends within The Royal Irish. I send my deepest condolences to his family and to those with whom he served so ably."
Posted by tankerbrosbrat on 03/11/2011 at 07:30 PM | Permalink
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101st Air Assault
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Sandoval on Honoring SFC Barry Edward Jarvis
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Jim Hitt, CEO of American IRA LLC-a National Provider of Self-Directed IRAs says, "There are misconceptions in the recent Mitt Romney article by Time Moneyland". Mr. Hitt explains those misconceptions.
The article goes on to explain that the mistake that was made is that Romney should have held high-tax investments such as real estate investment trusts, rental properties, bonds and other income generating investments, instead of low tax investments such as stocks in his IRA.
A further point within the article states that investing in an IRA and or 401k doesn't work with limited resources.
Mr. Hitt strongly disagrees stating "I have seen countless examples of clients that started out with very small self-directed IRAs and then, through their determination, careful research, and due diligence, grew those accounts to substantial amounts. The amount you start with isn't important; anyone can be successful with a self-directed retirement account. What is important is that they have the drive to succeed and the willingness to invest in areas they know well or the willingness to bring in experts (i.e. accountants, tax advisors, financial advisors) when they are investing in an area they are not familiar with.
Mr. Hitt concludes, "Given the annual contribution limits one has to reason that Mr. Romney has experienced extraordinary gains within his IRA, no argument there. No one can say with certainty what type of investments netted him those gains. While TimeMoneyland cites that he must have invested in stocks and other high-yield investments, the truth of the matter is that I have watched clients experience a very high return on real estate investments many times over. It is entirely possible that Mr. Romney did invest in some lucrative real estate or other high-tax investments within his IRA.


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Needless to say, in such today advanced Tech Age, an unlimited flow of data is being collected from customers daily and this massive amount is certainly being analyzed by organizations to gain more insight about its clients' behavior. Due to such situation, the need for a protection law to govern how personal data should be used is inevitable, hence Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) is established in Singapore.
Particularly, it sets out rules regarding the collection, use, disclosure and care of personal data. The Act recognizes not only the need of businesses to collect, use and disclose information but also the rights of individuals to access and correct their personal data.
Almost all organizations in Singapore, including business entities, have to comply with the Act. Thus, in this blog, BBCIncorp will provide you with PDPA Singapore guidelines which summarize what to obey and suggest some common practices to follow.
1. Overview of the Singapore Personal Data Protection Act
1.1. Data to be covered by the Singapore PDPA
1.2. Targets to be applied by the Singapore PDPA
2. The PDPA Checklist for Businesses
2.1. Main Principles to Comply
2.2. Consequences for non-compliance
3. Common Practice
3.1. Using Checking Tool
3.2. Appointing Data Protection Officers
4. Summarized Main Points
Let's have an insight into the scope of this Act:
In general, personal data stored in both electronic and non-electronic forms is covered by the Singapore Personal Data Protection Act. An unit of data can be considered as personal data when an individual can be identified:
From that data; or
From that data and other data that an organization has or likely to have access to.
However, the following types are not subject to the Act:
Personal data about an individual kept in a record that has been existing for at least 100 years;
Personal data about a deceased individual who has passed away for more than 10 years.
Business contact information of an individual which is not provided for personal purposes such as name, business position title, business phone number and email address.
The Personal Data Protection Act imposed obligations regarding the collection, use, disclosure and care of personal data on nearly every business and organization in Singapore, except for:
Individual acting in a personal or domestic capacity;
Employees acting in the course of their employment with an organization;
Public agency or an organization acting on behalf of a public agency in respect of collecting, using or disclosing personal data;
A data intermediary is also exempted from the imposed obligations, but only partly, for its personal data processing on behalf of and for the purpose of another organization under a contract. To be more specific, personal data protection and retention obligations are still applied. In regard to definition, data intermediary is an organization which processes personal data on behalf of another organization but does not include employees of that other organization.
Business organizations have to comply with Part II to VI of the Personal Data Protection Act. Below is the summary, the full detail can be found here.
A. Consent
An entity can collect, use or disclose personal data only when:
An individual gives a consent to such action; or
The action is required or authorized under this Act or any other written law; or
An individual voluntarily provides personal data to the organization for a purpose.
At any time, a person may withdraw a given consent with a reasonable notice. An organization can inform and explain to that person the possible consequences of such withdrawing, however, cannot prohibit the individual from doing so.
B. Purpose
An organization can collect, use or disclose personal data about an individual only for purposes:
That is appropriate to a reasonable person in given circumstances; and
That is informed to that individual, if applicable.
Regarding notification of purpose, the following information shall be informed to an individual:
The purpose for the collection, use or disclosure of the personal data on or before the action takes place;
The business contact information of a person who can answer related questions on behalf of the entity, if requested.
An organization, in case of collecting personal data about a person from another entity without the consent of the individual, must still provide sufficient information of the purpose for the collection to that other entity for consideration.
C. Access to personal data
An individual can make a request to receive from an organization:
The personal data of the individual that is possessed and controlled by the organization; and
Information on how such data has been used in the last one year.
Please note that an organization can still turn down the request if the provision of personal data is expected to:
Threaten or do harm physically or mentally to any person, including the one making request;
Breach another person's data;
Be against the national interest;
There are many more exceptions from access requirements which are mentioned in the Fifth Schedule of the Personal Data Protection Act in Singapore.
D. Personal data correction
An individual can also make a request to correct an error or omission regarding personal data. Unless there is a valid reason that such correction should not be made, an organization has to:
Correct the data as soon as possible;
Send the corrected data to the other entities to which the data was disclosed in the last 1 year.
E. Accuracy of personal data
The personal data collected must be accurate and complete if it is likely to be:
Used to make decisions that affect the individual to whom the data relates; or
Disclosed to another organization.
F. Protection of personal data
There should be a reasonable database security for risk avoidance such as unauthorized access, unwanted modification and hacking.
G. Retention of personal data
An organization shall stop to retain or remove the personal data when it is reasonable to assume that the retention is no longer necessary for legal or business purposes.
H. Overseas transfer
An organization can only transfer personal data to a foreign country or territory which has at least the same level of protection as the Personal Data Protection Act in Singapore.
The organization not complying with any provision in Part III to VI of the Act must follow one or all of the following directions determined by the Commission which is The Info-communications Media Development Authority:
Ceasing to collect, use or disclose personal data that violates the Act;
Destroying personal data collected that violates the Act;
Comply with any other direction of the Commission (to correct personal data, to make a refund and to provide data access to a complainant);
Paying a penalty of an amount not exceeding $1 million which is determined by the Commission.
You can use the PDPA Assessment Tool for Organizations (PATO) to check whether your business entity has fully complied with all the PDPA provisions or not. It is a helpful and also easy-to-use tool which provides questionnaire and questions on your business's personal data protection and policies.
All business organizations, including sole proprietorship, are legally required to appoint at least one Data Protection Officer (DPO). The DPO's function is to ensure that the entity is complying with the Personal Data Protection Act by reviewing and updating your business's policies in line with the latest regulation.
Furthermore, a Data Protection Officer also has to deal with complaint regarding PDPA requirements. Thus, it is also required that the business information of at least one DPO must be available and reachable to the public.
Since it is not stated in the PDPA where the DPO should be based, the DPO can either be an employee of your organization or an outsourcing third-party. It may be ideal for a person whose work relates to data protection to take on the role of DPO as one of his/her responsibilities.
Arranging an efficient data management framework will also be a good practice to well align your organization with the PDPA requirements. Such processes and policies in place are of great benefits for your entity in regard to relevant activities such as easier to assess as well as process the access or correction complaints, prepare detailed timelines for the retention or cease retention if there are such cases, ensure the sufficiency of data protection policies and review the engagement of your entity and your third parties under your control and compliance with the PDPA.
Personal Data Protection Act in Singapore is applied to almost all organizations in the city-state, covering nearly all kinds of personal data.
Personal Data Protection Act in Singapore Guidelines for businesses:
To grant consents before data collection, use, or disclosure
To have appropriate purposes for data collection, use, or disclosure
To provide data access when requested
To correct false data when requested
To collect complete and accurate data
To have secured protection for database
To stop data retention when it is no longer served the business purposes
To transfer data overseas when only there is a standard protection level comparable to the Singapore PDPA
Common practices to comply with the Singapore Personal Data Protection Act:
Using the PDPA Assessment Tool for Organizations
Appointing Data Officers or Offices
Should you have any related questions, feel free to message us! BBCIncorp is always willing to help!
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Once again, Virnalis Arvelo's Miami Lakes K-8 Center eighth grade language arts students earn a perfect 10 on the Florida Standards Assessments (FSA) text-based writing. Every year, Arvelo promises to take her top writers out to dinner, and this year was no exception as they celebrated at Shula's 2. (Pictured from left) Eduardo Lacau, Madelin Yi, Virnalis Arvelo, Mia Concepcion and Nicole DelRio.


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Die Geschichtswissenschaft ist die methodisch gesicherte Erforschung und Rekonstruktion von Aspekten der Menschheitsgeschichte oder Geschichte auf der Basis einer kritisch analysierten und interpretierten Überlieferung (Quellen) unter einer spezifischen Fragestellung. Historische Forschung wird in vielerlei Teildisziplinen geleistet und von den Historischen Hilfswissenschaften unterstützt. Ansätze zur Gliederung der Geschichte in spezifische Zeitabschnitte oder Epochen sind Gegenstand der Periodisierung.

Definition und Aufgaben
Die Geschichtswissenschaft ist eine Kultur- bzw. Geisteswissenschaft, die sich mit der Geschichte von Menschen und menschlichen Gemeinschaften beschäftigt, während die Naturgeschichte zu den einzelnen Naturwissenschaften gehört. Heute gilt die Geschichtswissenschaft, insbesondere mit entsprechenden Fragestellungen (Historische Anthropologie), daher auch als ein Sonderbereich der Anthropologie.

Die Geschichtswissenschaft zeichnet sich durch eine kritische Methode aus, das heißt, ihre Voraussetzungen, Methoden, Gedankengänge und Ergebnisse müssen rational diskutierbar bzw. intersubjektiv nachprüfbar (und zumindest prinzipiell falsifizierbar) sein, und man geht stets prüfend und mit dem Streben nach weitgehender Objektivität vor (siehe Historisch-kritische Methode (Geschichtswissenschaft)). Die Grundlage bilden historische Quellen, die im Rahmen einer Recherche gesammelt und dann nach den Regeln des Faches ausgewertet werden. Hierbei stehen die schriftlichen Zeugnisse im Mittelpunkt. Eng verwandt ist die Geschichtswissenschaft auch mit der Archäologie, die aber hauptsächlich nicht-schriftliche Quellen auswertet, und der Politikwissenschaft. Aufgrund der besonderen Bedeutung von Texten und Hermeneutik für die historische Forschung gibt es daneben auch Berührungspunkte mit der Literaturwissenschaft.

Historikern geht es weniger darum, das vorhandene Wissen über die Vergangenheit des Menschen nur zu bewahren und zu verbreiten, sondern vor allem darum, es zu mehren. Die Geschichtswissenschaft unterscheidet sich von anderen Wissenschaften allerdings insofern, als ihr Gegenstand, die Vergangenheit, nicht mehr existiert. Daher sind abschließende Beweise für historische Rekonstruktionen unmöglich zu erbringen. Der historische Stoff und das historische Material sind prinzipiell unendlich, da immer neue Quellen und Sichtweisen auf die Vergangenheit entstehen. Vor allem Letzteres sorgt dafür, dass durch veränderte Fragestellungen und Paradigmenwechsel auch in Hinblick auf weit zurückliegende Epochen immer wieder neue Erkenntnisse erzielt und ältere Positionen revidiert werden. Dabei steht insbesondere der Versuch im Mittelpunkt, plausible Kausalitäten zu rekonstruieren. Die Quellen – schriftliche wie materielle – bedürfen in diesem Zusammenhang stets zwingend der Interpretation, sie sprechen nicht für sich selbst. Dabei sind methodische Regeln zu beachten, die die moderne Geschichtswissenschaft im Verlauf von zwei Jahrhunderten formuliert hat, um plausible und logisch zulässige von unzulässigen Interpretationen trennen zu können. Der spätere Nobelpreisträger Theodor Mommsen formulierte prägnant, das Ziel der Geschichtswissenschaft sei das "Erkennen des Gewesenen aus dem Gewordenen mittelst der Einsicht in die Gesetze des Werdens".

Erforschen, Interpretieren, Verknüpfen und Vertiefen stehen im Vordergrund der Arbeit von Historikern. Stets geht der Forscher
 mit einem bestimmten Erkenntnisinteresse, einer Fragestellung, an seinen Gegenstand heran,
 sammelt und sichtet dann die verfügbaren Quellen,
 interpretiert diese nach den methodischen Regeln des Faches
 und stellt zuletzt seine Ergebnisse dar, um sie in der Öffentlichkeit zur Diskussion zu stellen.

Wie in jeder Wissenschaft besteht Erkenntniszuwachs dabei auch in dem Versuch, Irrtümer und Einseitigkeiten früherer Forscher aufzudecken und zu korrigieren (Forschungsgeschichte). Die Fragen, die an die Vergangenheit gestellt werden, ändern sich im Laufe der Zeit. Oft hängen sie mit neuen kultur- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Theorien zusammen, in deren Licht sich die Quellen und Zusammenhänge anders deuten lassen. Im Zusammenhang mit der Globalisierung gehört es für Jörn Rüsen zu den "fundamentalen Einsichten in die Kontextabhängigkeit des historischen Denkens und in die Logik seiner Vernunftansprüche", sich der Herausforderung interkultureller Kommunikation zu stellen. Der in der westlichen Wissenschaftstradition mächtige Impuls der Rationalisierung des historischen Denkens sei nicht unbesehen für transkulturell wirksam anzusehen. Gleichwohl gebe es im gemeinsamen Menschsein begründete kulturübergreifende Wahrheitskriterien, mit denen sich methodische Rationalität transkulturell begründen lasse. "Kulturelle Differenz sollte als Inspiration und nicht als Grenze der historischen Erkenntnis zur Geltung gebracht werden."

Geschichtswissenschaftler werden Historiker genannt (von altgr. Historie/Historia = "Erkundung, Erforschung"). Ein Teilgebiet der Geschichtswissenschaft, das sich mit den Grundlagen des Fachs Geschichte befasst, ist die Historik. Das Fach wird weltweit vornehmlich an Universitäten sowie an spezialisierten Instituten betrieben, zudem an größeren und lokalen Museen. Es gibt auch viele Menschen, die sich außerhalb ihres Berufes auf wissenschaftlichem Niveau historisch betätigen, z. B. in der Regional- und Lokalgeschichte. Hinzu kommen zahlreiche historisch interessierte Laien, die zwar mitunter wichtige Beiträge leisten, denen aber aufgrund methodischer Mängel nicht selten auch gravierende Irrtümer unterlaufen.

In einer Grauzone zur Geschichtswissenschaft stehen populärwissenschaftliche Darstellungen, die sich ohne genaue Belege an ein breiteres Publikum richten. Dabei kann es vorkommen, dass sie die Geschichte zu sehr vereinfachen oder (absichtlich oder unabsichtlich) gar verfälschen. Mitunter ist bei populärwissenschaftlichen Arbeiten die Grenze zur Pseudowissenschaft fließend, die auf methodisch unzulässige Weise arbeitet und so wissenschaftlich unhaltbare Ergebnisse produziert. Gute populärwissenschaftliche Werke hingegen verbreiten historisches Wissen außerhalb der Fachwelt. Im Idealfall können sie einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit auch verdeutlichen, dass das aktuelle Bild von der Vergangenheit stets eine mehr oder weniger plausible (Re-)Konstruktion und Interpretation ist. Manche Historiker wie Golo Mann sind sogar der Auffassung, gute Geschichtsschreibung sei eher eine literarische Kunst als eine Wissenschaft, allerdings eine Kunst, die auf den Erkenntnissen der Wissenschaft aufbaut.

Geschichte der Geschichtswissenschaft

Die Geschichtswissenschaft hat ihre eigene Geschichte. In der Geschichte der Geschichtsschreibung geht es um frühere Historiker, um deren Werke, teilweise um die Umstände, unter denen früher Geschichtsschreibung betrieben wurde, und auch darum, wie sich die Interessen und Fragestellungen gewandelt haben. Herodot gilt als der Vater der Geschichtsschreibung. Die seine folgte allerdings noch nicht den Regeln moderner Forschung, sondern verstand sich primär als literarisch-philosophisches Kunstwerk. Schon in der Antike hat die Geschichtsschreibung zwar mit Autoren wie Thukydides und Polybios manche Maßstäbe gesetzt, auf die Giambattista Vico in der Frühen Neuzeit zurückgegriffen hat. Aber erst im 19. Jahrhundert (Historismus) begannen Geschichtsforscher in Europa, sich verstärkt unter Beachtung wissenschaftlicher Kriterien (Heuristik, Quellenkritik, Textkritik, Objektivität) mit der menschlichen Vergangenheit befassen. Im Zuge dieser Professionalisierung kam es zu einer Spezialisierung, zunächst nach chronologischen (Alte, Mittlere und Neue Geschichte), dann auch nach geographischen und inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten.

Im 20. Jahrhundert öffnete sich das Fach dann insbesondere kulturwissenschaftlichen und soziologischen Fragestellungen und Methoden. In den 1920er Jahren begann sich zudem in Frankreich unter der Ägide von Marc Bloch und Lucien Febvre die einflussreiche Annales-Schule zu etablieren, die heute stark mit der École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) in Paris zusammenhängt. Diese gibt noch immer die von den beiden Historikern gegründete Zeitschrift heraus und tritt für eine Geschichtswissenschaft ein, bei der die Rekonstruktion der Ereignisgeschichte zugunsten der Betrachtung langfristiger Entwicklungen in den Hintergrund treten soll. Der sozialwissenschaftlichen "Wende" der Geschichtswissenschaft in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren folgten weitere Anstöße zur Ausweitung des Forschungsspektrums seitens der Kulturanthropologie, die in Richtung einer kulturgeschichtlichen bzw. kulturwissenschaftlichen "Wende" gehen.

Historik, Geschichtsdidaktik und -methoden

Historik

Die Theorie der Geschichte (Historik) befasst sich auf theoretischer Ebene mit den Grundlagen des Fachs, vor allem mit der Frage, wie historisches Wissen möglich ist, wie es zustande kommt und wozu es dient. Durch das Erkennen seiner eigenen, oft unbewussten Vorannahmen, kann ein Historiker Fehler vermeiden.

Geschichtsdidaktik

Die Geschichtsdidaktik gehört zur Geschichtswissenschaft, nicht zur Pädagogik, weil die Belehrung der Zeitgenossen über die Geschichte das ursprüngliche Anliegen der Historiker gewesen ist. Sie befasst sich vor allem mit der Weise, wie das Geschichtsbewusstsein in schulischen und außerschulischen Bildungsprozessen sowie in der Geschichtskultur mit Vergangenheit und Überlieferung umgeht.

Methoden der Geschichtswissenschaft
Die historisch-kritische Methode wurde in Auseinandersetzung mit den schriftlichen Quellen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert entwickelt und verfeinert. Nach wie vor stehen Texte klar im Zentrum der Geschichtswissenschaft. Für viele historische Sachverhalte fehlen aber Schriftquellen.

Über sie hinaus gehen sozialwissenschaftliche Methoden (wozu insbesondere auch die Statistik zählt), die auch Massenphänomene quantitativ erfassen können. Des Weiteren ergänzen naturwissenschaftliche Methoden – z. B. die C14-Methode, die Dendrochronologie und die DNA-Analyse (insbesondere für Grabfunde) – zunehmend die geschichtswissenschaftliche Methodik. Neue und/oder verbesserte Datenanalysen wurden zudem mit der Erfindung und stetigen Weiterentwicklung des modernen Computers möglich. Komplexe statistische Verfahren der Zeitreihenanalyse gewinnen in Geschichtswissenschaften zunehmend an Bedeutung.

Das Gebiet der verschiedenen angewendeten Methoden der Geschichtswissenschaft ist dabei nicht zu verwechseln mit der Geschichtsmethodik, die eine Teildisziplin der Geschichtsdidaktik darstellt.

Räumliche und zeitliche Abschnitte

Räumlich-geografisch kann man die Geschichte gliedern in die Weltgeschichte und Geschichte einzelner Erdteile (Europas, Amerikas, Asiens, Afrikas, Australiens). Darunter stehen zahllose Nationalgeschichten, Regionalgeschichten und Lokalgeschichten sowie Migrationsgeschichten wie die Völkerwanderung oder die Ostsiedlung.

Zeitlich gliedert man Geschichte in Epochen.
 Die Ur- und Frühgeschichte umfasst den Zeitraum zwischen den ersten bewusst hergestellten Steingeräten vor etwa 2,5 Millionen Jahren bis zu den ersten schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen. Als Fach zählt sie nicht zur Geschichtswissenschaft, sondern zu den Archäologien: Erst bei Vorliegen von (lesbaren) Schriftdokumenten spricht man von Geschichte im engeren Sinne. Das Ende der Urgeschichte liegt dabei in jeder Kultur zu einem unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkt, je nach dem, wann die Schrift eingeführt bzw. entwickelt wurde.
 Erste Schriftdokumente finden sich in der Phase der Hochkulturen ab ca. 4000 v. Chr.
 Seit Christoph Cellarius (1638–1707) wird die Geschichte Europas und des Mittelmeerraums in die Zeiträume der Alten Geschichte, der Mittelalterlichen Geschichte und der Neueren Geschichte unterteilt. Diese europäische Periodisierung in Antike, Mittelalter und Neuzeit (aus ursprünglich protestantischer Sicht) ist heute umstritten und lässt sich nicht ohne weiteres anwenden auf außereuropäische Hochkulturen, etwa auf die chinesische Geschichte oder auf die Japans, Indiens oder Mittel- und Südamerikas.

Die drei großen Epochen der europazentrierten Geschichtswissenschaft sind
 Alte Geschichte (Griechen, Römer und ihre Nachbarvölker; ca. 800 v. Chr. bis ca. 600 n. Chr.),
 Mittelalterliche Geschichte (ca. 600 bis ca. 1500 n. Chr.) und
 Neuzeit (seit ca. 1500). Die Neuzeit wird wiederum eingeteilt in die Abschnitte
 Frühe Neuzeit (bis ca. 1789)
 Neuere und Neueste Geschichte (ca. 1789 bis ca. 1945)
 Zeitgeschichte (seit ca. 1945; mit lebenden Zeitzeugen)

Entsprechend spezialisiert sich die Geschichtswissenschaft.

Teildisziplinen
Weltgeschichte bedeutet den Versuch, die Menschheitsgeschichte in Gänze jenseits nationaler oder sektoraler Beschränkungen darzustellen. Allerdings ist die konkrete Darstellung immer nach Zeit und Raum gegliedert (siehe unten). Ein aktueller Versuch für das 19. Jahrhundert liegt vor bei Jürgen Osterhammel.

Von allgemeiner Geschichte wird gesprochen, wenn die Geschichte ohne thematische Aufteilung gemeint ist.

Wichtige Teilgebiete sind:
 Politikgeschichte
 Sozialgeschichte
 Rechtsgeschichte
 Militärgeschichte
 Kulturgeschichte
 Mediengeschichte
 Geschlechtergeschichte
 Bildungsgeschichte
 Ideengeschichte
 Wirtschaftsgeschichte
 Technikgeschichte
 Sportgeschichte
 Mathematikgeschichte
Die Themen sind oft zugleich Gegenstand einer Fachwissenschaft, so gehört die Wirtschaftsgeschichte auch zur Wirtschaftswissenschaft. Oft hängt es von der Tradition ab, ob ein Gebiet eher bei der Geschichtswissenschaft vertreten ist (z. B. Sozialgeschichte) oder bei der Fachwissenschaft (Sozialwissenschaft). Besonders die Zeitgeschichte kann kaum von der Politikwissenschaft getrennt werden.

Die Archäologie, Volkskunde und die Kunstgeschichte erfordern für ihre Gegenstände – nicht-schriftliche Zeugnisse – andere Methoden, ihre Ergebnisse können aber von der Geschichtswissenschaft aufgegriffen werden.

Quellen, Sekundärliteratur und Hilfsmittel

Grundlage für die Arbeit eines Historikers sind Quellen; aus dieser Beschäftigung kommt neues Wissen. Seine Forschungsergebnisse veröffentlicht man in Monografien und Artikeln in Fachzeitschriften, das heißt als Sekundärliteratur ("Darstellungen"). Drittens verwendet man Hilfsmittel. Zu den Nachschlagewerken gehören:

 Bibliografien
 Gesamtdarstellungen und Handbücher wie das Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte oder das Handbuch der historischen Stätten
 Handwörterbücher wie die Geschichtlichen Grundbegriffe
 Fachlexika wie das Lexikon der Alten Welt
 Geschichtsatlanten wie Putzger historischer Weltatlas
 Bestimmte chronikalische und thematische Übersichten, Tabellen und Statistiken wie das Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit von Hermann Grotefend

Siehe auch

Literatur
 Marc Bloch: Apologie der Geschichtswissenschaft oder Der Beruf des Historikers. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2002.
 Egon Boshof/Kurt Düwell/Hans Kloft: Grundlagen des Studiums der Geschichte. Eine Einführung. 5. Auflage. Böhlau, Köln/Weimar/Wien 1997 (= Böhlau-Studien-Bücher), ISBN 3-412-15296-X (Einstiegsliteratur mit zahlreichen weiterführenden Literaturhinweisen).
 Gunilla Budde/Dagmar Freist/Hilke Günther-Arndt (Hrsg.): Geschichte. Studium – Wissenschaft – Beruf. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-05-004435-4 (= Akademie Studienbücher – Geschichte Basisbuch).
 Joachim Eibach/Günther Lottes (Hrsg.): Kompass der Geschichtswissenschaft. Ein Handbuch. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2002 (= UTB für Wissenschaft: Uni-Taschenbücher, Bd. 2271), ISBN 3-8252-2271-3.
 Ulrich Enderwitz: Kritik der Geschichtswissenschaft. Der historische Relativismus, die Kategorie der Quelle und das Problem der Zukunft in der Geschichte. Ça Ira, Wien 1988, ISBN 3-925789-09-X.
 Christoph Cornelißen (Hrsg.): Geschichtswissenschaften. Eine Einführung. 2. Auflage. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2000 (Fischer-Taschenbuch, Bd. 14566), ISBN 3-596-14566-X.
 Hans-Jürgen Goertz (Hrsg.): Geschichte. Ein Grundkurs. 2. Auflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2001 (= Rowohlts Enzyklopädie; rororo, Bd. 55576), ISBN 3-499-55576-X.
 Hans-Werner Goetz: Moderne Mediävistik. Stand und Perspektiven der Mittelalterforschung. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1999.
 Bettina Hitzer, Thomas Welskopp (Hrsg.): Die Bielefelder Sozialgeschichte. Klassische Texte zu einem geschichtswissenschaftlichen Programm und seinen Kontroversen. Bielefeld 2010, ISBN 978-3-8376-1521-0.
 Peter Lambert/Phillip Schofield (Hrsg.): Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of a Discipline. Routledge, London 2004, ISBN 0-415-24255-X.
 Paul Nolte: Wozu Geschichtswissenschaft? In: Florian Keisinger u. a. (Hrsg.): Wozu Geisteswissenschaften? Kontroverse Argumente für eine überfällige Debatte. Frankfurt am Main/New York 2003, ISBN 3-593-37336-X.
 Lutz Raphael: Geschichtswissenschaft im Zeitalter der Extreme. Theorien, Methoden, Tendenzen von 1900 bis zur Gegenwart. Beck, München 2003.
 Pietro Rossi (Hrsg.): Theorie der modernen Geschichtsschreibung. Frankfurt am Main 1987.
 Jörn Rüsen: Historik. Theorie der Geschichtswissenschaft. Böhlau, Köln, Weimar, Wien 2013, ISBN 978-3-412-21110-3 (sehepunkte-Rezension).
 Theodor Schieder: Geschichte als Wissenschaft. Eine Einführung. 2. Auflage. München/Wien 1968.
 Winfried Schulze (Hrsg.): Geschichte in Wissenschaft und Unterricht 60, 2009/3 (Themenheft zur Einheit der Geschichte).
 Thomas Wozniak, Jürgen Nemitz, Uwe Rohwedder (Hrsg.): Wikipedia und Geschichtswissenschaft. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin u. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-037634-0, e-ISBN 978-3-11-037635-7.
 Georg Eckert/Thorsten Beigel: Historisch arbeiten. Handreichung zum Geschichtsstudium. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-8252-5039-3.

Teildisziplinen
 Volker Depkat, Matthias Müller, Andreas Urs Sommer (Hrsg.): Wozu Geschichte(n)? Geschichtswissenschaft und Geschichtsphilosophie im Widerstreit. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-515-08419-3.
 Andrea Griesebner: Feministische Geschichtswissenschaft. Eine Einführung. Löcker, Wien 2005, ISBN 3-85409-410-8.
 Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller: Einführung in die Historiographie der Homosexualitäten. edition diskord, Tübingen 1999, ISBN 3-89295-678-2.
 Guido Koller: Geschichte digital. Historische Welten neu vermessen. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-17-028929-1.
 Gabriele Lingelbach, Harriet Rudolph: Geschichte studieren. Eine praxisorientierte Einführung für Historiker von der Immatrikulation bis zum Berufseinstieg. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-531-14557-6.
 Lutz Raphael: Geschichtswissenschaft im Zeitalter der Extreme. Theorien, Methoden, Tendenzen von 1900 bis zur Gegenwart. Beck, München 2003, ISBN 3-406-49472-2.
 Philipp Sarasin: Geschichtswissenschaft und Diskursanalyse. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-518-29239-0.
 Uwe Danker, Astrid Schwabe: Geschichte im Internet. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-17-022433-9.

Bibliografien
 Historical Abstracts – erfasst seit 1955 erschienene, überwiegend englischsprachige Literatur
 Historische Bibliographie
 Druckausgabe: Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, seit 1974 [Erscheinen eingestellt]
 online: Historische Bibliografie und Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung online

Geschichtsschreibung
 Horst W. Blanke: Zum Verhältnis von Historiographiegeschichte und Historik. Eine Analyse der Tagungsbände "Theorie der Geschichte" und "Geschichtsdiskurs". In: Tel Aviver Jahrbuch für deutsche Geschichte, 29, 2000, S. 55–84.
 Michel de Certeau: Das Schreiben der Geschichte. Campus, Frankfurt 1991.
 Eduard Fueter: Geschichte der neueren Historiographie. Zürich 1985 (Reprint der 3. Aufl. 1936).
 Günter Johannes Henz: Leopold von Ranke in Geschichtsdenken und Forschung. 2 Bde. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2014.
 Hayden White: Das Problem der Erzählung in der modernen Geschichtstheorie. In: Pietro Rossi (Hrsg.): Theorie der modernen Geschichtsschreibung. Frankfurt 1987.
 Giambattista Vico: Prinzipien einer neuen Wissenschaft über die gemeinsame Natur der Völker. Bde. 1–2, Scienza nuova, (Ersterscheinung 1721) Übersetzt und herausgegeben von Vittorio Hösle und Christoph Jermann, PhB Sonderausgabe, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7873-1932-9.

Geschichtsschreibung in Deutschland
 Nicolas Berg: Der Holocaust und die westdeutschen Historiker. Erforschung und Erinnerung. Wallstein, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-89244-610-5.
 Ulrich Enderwitz: Kritik der Geschichtswissenschaft. Der historische Relativismus, die Kategorie der Quelle und das Problem der Zukunft in der Geschichte. Medusa-Verlag, Berlin/Wien 1983, ISBN 3-88602-061-4.
 Ernst Engelberg: Theorie, Empirie und Methode in der Geschichtswissenschaft. Gesammelte Aufsätze. Hrsg. von Wolfgang Küttler und Gustav Seeber. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1980, .
 Alexander Fischer, Günther Heydemann (Hrsg.): Geschichtswissenschaft in der DDR. 2 Bde. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1988/1990, ISBN 3-428-06560-3.
 Daniel Fulda: Wissenschaft aus Kunst. Die Entstehung der modernen deutschen Geschichtsschreibung 1760–1860. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1996, ISBN 3-11-015014-X.
 Ewald Grothe: Zwischen Geschichte und Recht. Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichtsschreibung 1900–1970. Oldenbourg, München 2005 (= Ordnungssysteme, 16), ISBN 3-486-57784-0.
 Günther Heydemann: Geschichtswissenschaft im geteilten Deutschland. Entwicklungsgeschichte, Organisationsstruktur, Funktionen, Theorie- und Methodenprobleme in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in der DDR. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-8204-6179-5.
 Georg Iggers: Deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft. Eine Kritik der traditionellen Geschichtsauffassung von Herder bis zur Gegenwart. 3. Auflage. Böhlau, Köln/Weimar/Wien 1997, ISBN 3-205-98681-4.
 Ulrich Pfeil (Hrsg.): Die Rückkehr der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft in die »Ökumene der Historiker«. Ein wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Ansatz. Oldenbourg, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58795-1 ().
 Martin Sabrow: Das Diktat des Konsenses. Geschichtswissenschaft in der DDR 1949–1969. Oldenbourg, München 2001, ISBN 3-486-56559-1.
 Peter Schöttler (Hrsg.): Geschichtsschreibung als Legitimationswissenschaft 1918–1945. Suhrkamp (stw), Frankfurt/Main 1997.
 Ernst Schulin (Hrsg.): Deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg (1945–1965) (= Schriften des Historischen Kollegs, Bd. 14). Oldenbourg, München 1989, ISBN 3-486-54831-X.(online).
 Winfried Schulze: Deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft nach 1945. Oldenbourg, München 1989, ISBN 3-486-54811-5.
 Winfried Schulze, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): Deutsche Historiker im Nationalsozialismus. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-596-14606-2.
 Wolfgang Weber: Priester der Klio. Historisch-sozialwissenschaftliche Studien zur Herkunft und Karriere deutscher Historiker und zur Geschichte der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft 1800–1970. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1984, ISBN 3-8204-7435-8.

Geschichtsschreibung in Frankreich
 Gabriele Lingelbach:  Klio macht Karriere. Die Institutionalisierung der Geschichtswissenschaft in Frankreich und in den USA in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, Göttingen 2003.
 Lutz Raphael: Die Erben von Bloch und Febvre: Annales-Geschichtsschreibung und nouvelle histoire in Frankreich. 1945–1980, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1994.
 Philippe Poirrier: Aborder l'histoire. Seuil, Paris 2000.
 Philippe Poirrier: Les enjeux de l'histoire culturelle. Seuil, Paris 2004.
 Arnd Hoffmann: Zufall und Kontingenz in der Geschichtstheorie. Mit zwei Studien zu Theorie und Praxis in der Sozialgeschichte. Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3-465-03369-1.
 Peter Schöttler: Die "Annales"-Historiker und die deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-16-153338-9.

Geschichtsschreibung in Großbritannien
 Roger Charles Richardson: The debate on the English Revolution. 3. ed., Manchester [u. a.]: Manchester Univ. Press, 1998.

Geschichtsschreibung in Lateinamerika
 Mark Thurner: Yet another history of history, in: Latin American Research Review, Vol. 41, No. 3, Oktober 2006, pp. 164–174.

Geschichtsschreibung in der Schweiz
 Boris Schneider (Hrsg.): Geschichtsforschung in der Schweiz. Bilanz und Perspektiven. Schwabe, Basel 1992.

Geschichtsschreibung in den USA
 Peter Novick, That Noble Dream: The "Objectivity Question" and the American Historical Profession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
 The state of U.S. history, ed. by Melvyn Stokes, Oxford [u. a.]: Berg, 2002.
 Eric Foner: Who owns history? Rethinking the past in a changing world. New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 2002.
 Dirk Hoerder: From National History to Many Texts. Deprovincialized / Transcultural / Internationalized Historiographies of the United States. In: Amerikastudien/American Studies 48.1 (2003), S. 11–32.
 Michael Wachholz: Entgrenzung der Geschichte. Eine Untersuchung zum historischen Denken der amerikanischen Postmoderne. Heidelberg: Winter, 2005.
 Gerard Serrade: Leere Zeiten – oder: Das abstrakte Geschichtsbild. Logos, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-89722-016-4.
 John Higham/Leonard Krieger/Felix Gilbert: History, Englewood Cliffs 1965.

Geschichtsschreibung in Japan
 Hans Martin Krämer/Tino Schölz/Sebastian Conrad (Hrsg.): Geschichtswissenschaft in Japan. Themen, Ansätze und Theorien. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 978-3-525-36297-6.

Feministische Geschichtsschreibung
 Gisela Bock: Geschichte, Frauengeschichte, Geschlechtergeschichte. In: Geschichte und Gesellschaft 14 (1988), S. 364–391.
 Andrea Griesebner: Feministische Geschichtswissenschaft. Eine Einführung. Wien: Löcker 2005, ISBN 3-85409-410-8.
 Karin Hausen: Geschichte als patrilineare Konstruktion und historiographisches Identifikationsangebot. Ein Kommentar zu Lothar Gall, Das Bürgertum in Deutschland, Berlin 1989. In: L'Homme. Zeitschrift für feministische Geschichtswissenschaft. 8. Jg./Heft 2, 1997, S. 109–131.
 Uta C. Schmidt: Vom Rand zur Mitte. Aspekte einer feministischen Perspektive in der Geschichtswissenschaft. Edition Ebersbach im eFeF-Verlag, Zürich/Dortmund 1994, ISBN 3-905493-58-6 (Dissertation, Universität Bielefeld 1994, Inhaltsverzeichnis).
 Joan W. Scott: Gender. Eine nützliche Kategorie der historischen Analyse. In: Nancy Kaiser: SELBST BEWUSST Frauen in den USA. Leipzig: Reclam, 1994, S. 27–75.
 Mary Spongberg: Writing women's history since the Renaissance. Basingstoke [etc.]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Jüdische Geschichtsschreibung
 Jüdische Geschichte lesen. Texte der jüdischen Geschichtsschreibung im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Hrsg. und kommentiert von Michael Brenner, Beck, München 2003.
 Historikerstreit in Israel. Die 'neuen' Historiker zwischen Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit. Hrsg. von Barbara Schäfer, Frankfurt am Main [u. a.]: Campus-Verlag, 2000.
 Jüdische Geschichtsschreibung heute. Themen, Positionen, Kontroversen. Hrsg. von Michael Brenner und David N. Myers, Beck, München 2002.
 Michael Brenner: Propheten des Vergangenen. Jüdische Geschichtsschreibung im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Beck, München 2006.
 Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi: Zachor: Erinnere Dich! Jüdische Geschichte und jüdisches Gedächtnis, Berlin: Wagenbach, 1988.

Siehe auch
 Geschichtsforschung in Hamburg
 Geschichtsphilosophie

Weblinks

 Humanities and Social Sciences online – Hnet – Zugang zu zahlreichen spezialisierten Mailinglisten und zu Rezensionen
 sehepunkte – monatliches Rezensionsjournal
 H-Soz-Kult – aktuelle Diskussionen und kompetente Rezensionen
 Chronicon – Fachportal Geschichte
 Clio-online – Fachportal für die Geschichtswissenschaften
 Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung
 Zeitgeschichte-online
 Zeithistorische Forschungen
 Historicum.net – Geschichtswissenschaften im Internet, umfangreiche wissenschaftliche Texte und Linkliste
 eStudies – virtueller Fach-, Kommunikations- und Publikationsraum für Studierende und Nachwuchswissenschaftler der Geschichtswissenschaft
 Geschichtswissenschaft.de
 gleichsatz.de – Das historische Werturteil
 Hartmut Kaelble: Historischer Vergleich, Version: 1.0, in: Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte, 14. August 2012
 Katja Stopka: Zeitgeschichte, Literatur und Literaturwissenschaft, Version: 1.0, in: Docupedia-Zeitgeschichte, 11. Februar 2010

Anmerkungen

Wissenschaftliches Fachgebiet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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File photo of USS Reagan aircraft carrier. Photo by Mate 3rd Class Elizabeth Thompson, DoD, Wikipedia Commons.
1 World News
USS Reagan Aircraft Carrier Approaches Korean Peninsula For Drills With South Korea
October 7, 2017 RT 0 Comments
By RT
The USS Ronald Reagan aircraft carrier along with a guided-missile cruiser and a nuclear-powered submarine are on their way to the Korean Peninsula to prepare for a potential war with North Korea, while Pyongyang reportedly plans new missiles tests.
As of Friday afternoon, the USS Ronald Reagan, with nearly 80 aircraft on board, was in the South China Sea on its way to the shores of US ally South Korea.
The two allies will conduct joint drills to detect, track, and intercept ballistic missiles, in addition to anti-submarine warfare training, Yonhap News agency reported, citing an unnamed South Korean official.
The official said the military exercises will likely be held around October 20.
The drills are to prepare the US military to defend its allies as well as maintain stability in the area, Rear Admiral Marc Dalton, commander of the USS Ronald Reagan's strike group, told the South China Morning Post.
"The United States has been very clear about leveraging all options in order to get North Korea to change its path," Dalton said.
Meanwhile, Russian lawmakers who visited North Korea this week said Pyongyang told them that it is planning to test a new long-range missile.
"They even gave us mathematical calculations that they believe prove that their missile can hit the west coast of the United States," Anton Morozov, a member of the Russian parliament's international affairs committee, said Friday, according to RIA Novosti.
"As far as we understand, they intend to launch one more long-range missile in the near future. And in general, their mood is rather belligerent," Morozov said.
Ahead of previous US-South Korea drills in August, Pyongyang threatened "merciless retaliation," saying that the exercises, which it claims are an invasion rehearsal, could lead to an "uncontrollable phase of a nuclear war."
Washington dismissed calls to pause or downsize the drills amid heightened tensions, saying it has every right to carry out exercises with its allies and "that's just not going to change."
North Korea has carried out a series of nuclear tests over the past few months, in response to which the UN Security Council (UNSC) imposed several rounds of harsh sanctions against Pyongyang.
Having approved the sanctions and condemned the North's nuclear tests, UNSC permanent members Russia and China have recommended that all sides avoid provocative actions.
In summer, Moscow and Beijing offered to try to strike a deal with the North, under which Pyongyang would cease nuclear tests and missile launches in exchange for the US and South Korea halting joint military drills in the region. Washington rejected the proposal.
US President Donald Trump and the North Korean leader have since exchanged a series of threats, with Trump saying the US could "totally destroy" the North if attacked, and that Kim Jong-un, who he often refers to as 'Little Rocket Man,' "won't be around much longer!" Pyongyang responded in kind, calling it a declaration of war and threatening to shoot down American planes and unleash a nuclear attack on the US and its allies.
"All sides must ease rhetoric and find ways for face-to-face dialogue between the United States and North Korea, as well as between North Korea and countries in the region," Russian President Vladimir Putin said Wednesday. "Only this would help find balanced and reasonable decisions."
"We've been clear that now is not the time to talk," White House spokeswoman Sarah Sanders told reporters Tuesday.
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RT, previously known as Russia Today, is a global multilingual television news network based in Russia. RT was the first all-digital Russian TV network.


text:
Giovanni Contarini (Velence, 1549 – 1604 előtt) itáliai festő.

Élete
A "dalla Valonia" becenevet viselő Francesco fia volt, talán azért, mert Vallóniában élt (kereskedőként?), vagy egy vegytisztítóban használt anyag nevéből. Apja a bölcsészettudományra irányította volna, és jegyző lett volna Giovanni Francesco Crivelli mellett, aki később festő is lett.

Különösen Tiziano utánzójaként volt híres, amit annyira jól művelt, hogy az eredetit nem lehetett megkülönböztetni a hamisítványtól. Munkái lágyak, finomak, szépek és nagyon élénk színűek.

Művei
Leghíresebb festményét a Louvre-ban állítják ki, eltávolították a velencei Dózsa-palotából. Szűz Máriát ábrázolja a gyermek Jézussal, Szent Márkkal és Szent István vértanúval, valamint a térdeplő velencei dózse Marino Grimanival.

Egyéb művei a berlini, firenzei, milánói (Pinacoteca di Brera) és bécsi múzeumokban, valamint számos velencei templomban találhatók. Nagyon aktív volt a 16. században, és szeretett olyan témákat festeni, amelyek görög és római mítoszokon alapulnak. Kifestette néhány velencei palota mennyezetét, és pár évig II. Rudolf német-római császár látta vendégül mint kedvenc művészét, s lovagját.

Híres a velencei Paolai Szent Ferenc-templomban található Krisztus feltámadása című festménye. A Carrara Akadémia kiállítja Éva teremtését a Salvatore Orsetti gyűjteményéből származó hagyatékból.

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

Bibliográfia

 Annalisa Bristot: Un artista nella Venezia del secondo cinquecento: Giovanni Contarini, in Saggi e memorie di storia dell'arte, n. 12, Firenze, Olschki, 1980, 34-77, 125-136.
 Eliška Zlatohlávková: Giovanni Contarini, un pittore misterioso alla corte di Rodolfo II, in Arte Documento, n. 32, Venezia, Marcianum Press, Velence, 2016, 156-163.

1549-ben született személyek
Olasz festők
A 17. században elhunyt személyek


Faster Cable System is the new submarine infrastructure that connects the United States and Japan via 3 "landing points". As the project evolves, it will also extend to some hubs along the coast of the two countries. Made of optical fibre, it cost approximately 300 million dollars and was promoted by a consortium which included the giant Google.
A record-breaking network of nine thousand kilometres of fibre. This is how Faster Cable System connects Japan to the North Western coast of the United States, passing under the Pacific Ocean, reconciling the need for high performance and coverage of large distances. This infrastructure, made of optical fibre, will make it possible to transmit data from one coast to the other using 60 terabits per second. This is the first and only trans-Pacific system able to provide broadband of this magnitude.
The work, which costs about 300 million dollars, was announced in August 2014 and took 2 years to complete. Faster Cable System is a project which came about as a result of the initiative of a consortium comprising the giant Google, together with some of the largest international operators in the field of ITC and networking, such as China Mobile International, China Telecom Global, Global Transit, KDDI and SingTel (as reported by website Submarine Networks).
There are three "landing points", i.e. The points used to anchor the cables. One is located in Oregon for the US coast and two are in the Japanese prefectures of Chiba and Mie. As ictbusiness.it explains, the entire system will be extended to a number of hubs along the West Coast of America to directly involve, for example, areas such as Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Portland and Seattle, as well as some cities in Japan.


I love Cat Deely... I think I need more sequins and colors in my outfit. Love the sequin shorts.
she looks damn hot and I really like the sequin shorts!
AWESOME! I'm totally loving all these pieces, I'm drooling over the lace and sequins!!
LOVE Cat Deeley--total crush on her. She's definitely one of the best things about So You Think You Can Dance!
I love those booties! Her outfits are amazing, thanks for posting!
I really like that lace mini dress she is wearing!
Cool! I need to get myself a pair of sequin shorts!
aah, that haute hippie dress is amazing!
She does have fabulous style- love that last mini dress!
She does have amazing style! Especially for her evening looks! Thank you for sharing!
i love her lace dress in the middle picture... wow, gorgeous!
She's got such beautiful style. Thanks for sharing!
it makes you look forward to watching the show just to see what she'll be wearing next!
That great gatsby dress is to DIE for. Ugh I wish it was spring and I could have parties in my backyard and wear that and feel fluttery.
I've never noticed, but she does have great style. I definitely need to start watching more TV.
O I love this post idea! That woman does have some good style and some killer legs.


Mazda has unveiled the 2011 BT-50 which is their version of the new Ford Ranger. It features unique styling and a high-class interior.
Mazda has unveiled the 2011 BT-50 pickup at the Australian International Motor Show.
Based on the Ford Ranger, the BT-50 features a distinctive front fascia, prominent fenders, and wrap-around taillights. Overall, it remains pretty faithful to Mazda's outgoing Nagare design language.
While the Ranger's interior is rather bland, the cabin in the BT-50 is sporty and elegant. Notable highlights include a car-like center console, metallic trim, and sophisticated climate / radio controls.
Mazda is staying mum on engine specifications, but choices will likely include a 110 kW (150 PS / 148 hp) 2.2-liter Duratorq TDCi I4, a 147 kW (200 PS / 197 hp) 3.2-liter Duratorq TDCi I5, and a 122 kW (166 PS / 164 hp) 2.5-liter Duratec I4 petrol.
More information will be released later this year, so stay tuned for details.