text:
(function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
var maps = require("./keymaps")
var EventEmitter = require('wolfy87-eventemitter');

var make_key_updown_string = function(event) {
    var primary = maps.lower[event.keyCode];
    var upper_case = false;
    if (!primary || event.shiftKey) {
        if (maps.upper[event.keyCode]) {
            primary = maps.upper[event.keyCode]
            upper_case = true;
        }
    }
    var mods = [];
    if (primary != maps.mods.shift && !upper_case && event.shiftKey) {
        mods.push(maps.mods.shift);
    }
    if (primary != maps.mods.ctrl && event.ctrlKey) {
        primary = primary.toUpperCase();
        mods.push(maps.mods.ctrl);
    }
    if (primary != maps.mods.alt && event.altKey) {
        mods.push(maps.mods.alt);
    }
    if (primary != maps.mods.meta && event.metaKey) {
        mods.push(maps.mods.met);
    }

    return [mods.join(" "), primary].join(" ").trim();
}

var make_key_press_string = function(event) {
    var str = String.fromCharCode(event.which);
    if (event.which < 32) {
        str = "ctrl " + String.fromCharCode(event.which + 64);
    } else if (event.which == 127) {
        str = "delete"
    }
    if (maps.pressed[str]) {
        str = maps.pressed[str];
    }
    return str;
}

var is_number_key = function(str) {
    return !isNaN(parseInt(str));
}

var emit = function(e, str){
        e.emit(str);
        if (is_number_key(str)) {
            e.emit("0-9", parseInt(str));
        }
        e.emit("any_key", str);
}

var entry = function(domElement) {
    var domElement = domElement || document;

    // make three event emitters for the various key event types
    var pressed = new EventEmitter();
    var down = new EventEmitter();
    var up = new EventEmitter();

    var on_key_down = function(event) {
        var str = make_key_updown_string(event);
        emit(down, str);
    }
    var on_key_up = function(event) {
        var str = make_key_updown_string(event);
        emit(up, str);
    }
    var on_key_pressed = function(event) {
        var str = make_key_press_string(event);
        emit(pressed, str);

    }

    domElement.addEventListener("keydown", on_key_down, false);
    domElement.addEventListener("keyup", on_key_up, false);
    domElement.addEventListener("keypress", on_key_pressed, false);

    return {
        pressed: pressed,
        down: down,
        up: up
    }
  }

if (typeof module !== 'undefined') {
  module.exports = entry;
}
else {
    window.key_emit = entry;
}

},{"./keymaps":2,"wolfy87-eventemitter":4}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
var mods = {
    shift: "shift",
    ctrl: "ctrl",
    alt: "alt",
    meta: "meta"
}

var pressed = {
    "ctrl M": "enter",
    " ": "space",
}

var lower = {
    8: "backspace",
    9: "tab",
    13: "enter",
    16: "shift",
    17: "ctrl",
    18: "alt",
    19: "pause/break",
    20: "capslock",
    27: "escape",
    32: "space",
    33: "pageup",
    34: "pagedown",
    35: "end",
    36: "home",
    37: "left",
    38: "up",
    39: "right",
    40: "down",
    45: "insert",
    46: "delete",
    48: "0",
    49: "1",
    50: "2",
    51: "3",
    52: "4",
    53: "5",
    54: "6",
    55: "7",
    56: "8",
    57: "9",
    65: "a",
    66: "b",
    67: "c",
    68: "d",
    69: "e",
    70: "f",
    71: "g",
    72: "h",
    73: "i",
    74: "j",
    75: "k",
    76: "l",
    77: "m",
    78: "n",
    79: "o",
    80: "p",
    81: "q",
    82: "r",
    83: "s",
    84: "t",
    85: "u",
    86: "v",
    87: "w",
    88: "x",
    89: "y",
    90: "z",
    91: "leftwindow",
    92: "rightwindow",
    93: "select",
    96: "0",
    97: "1",
    98: "2",
    99: "3",
    100: "4",
    101: "5",
    102: "6",
    103: "7",
    104: "8",
    105: "9",
    106: "*",
    107: "+",
    109: "-",
    110: ".",
    111: "/",
    112: "f1",
    113: "f2",
    114: "f3",
    115: "f4",
    116: "f5",
    117: "f6",
    118: "f7",
    119: "f8",
    120: "f9",
    121: "f10",
    122: "f11",
    123: "f12",
    144: "numlock",
    145: "scrolllock",
    186: ";",
    187: "=",
    188: ",",
    189: "-",
    190: ".",
    191: "/",
    192: "`",
    219: "[",
    220: "\\",
    221: "]",
    222: "'"
};

var upper = {
    48: ")",
    49: "!",
    50: "@",
    51: "#",
    52: "$",
    53: "%",
    54: "^",
    55: "&",
    56: "*",
    57: "(",
    65: "A",
    66: "B",
    67: "C",
    68: "D",
    69: "E",
    70: "F",
    71: "G",
    72: "H",
    73: "I",
    74: "J",
    75: "K",
    76: "L",
    77: "M",
    78: "N",
    79: "O",
    80: "P",
    81: "Q",
    82: "R",
    83: "S",
    84: "T",
    85: "U",
    86: "V",
    87: "W",
    88: "X",
    89: "Y",
    90: "Z",
    186: ":",
    187: "+",
    188: "<",
    189: "_",
    190: ">",
    191: "?",
    192: "~",
    219: "{",
    220: "|",
    221: "}",
    222: "\""
};

exports.upper = upper;
exports.lower = lower;
exports.mods = mods;
exports.pressed = pressed;
},{}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
window.key_emit = require(".");
},{".":1}],4:[function(require,module,exports){
/*!
 * EventEmitter v4.2.11 - git.io/ee
 * Unlicense - http://unlicense.org/
 * Oliver Caldwell - http://oli.me.uk/
 * @preserve
 */

;(function () {
    'use strict';

    /**
     * Class for managing events.
     * Can be extended to provide event functionality in other classes.
     *
     * @class EventEmitter Manages event registering and emitting.
     */
    function EventEmitter() {}

    // Shortcuts to improve speed and size
    var proto = EventEmitter.prototype;
    var exports = this;
    var originalGlobalValue = exports.EventEmitter;

    /**
     * Finds the index of the listener for the event in its storage array.
     *
     * @param {Function[]} listeners Array of listeners to search through.
     * @param {Function} listener Method to look for.
     * @return {Number} Index of the specified listener, -1 if not found
     * @api private
     */
    function indexOfListener(listeners, listener) {
        var i = listeners.length;
        while (i--) {
            if (listeners[i].listener === listener) {
                return i;
            }
        }

        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Alias a method while keeping the context correct, to allow for overwriting of target method.
     *
     * @param {String} name The name of the target method.
     * @return {Function} The aliased method
     * @api private
     */
    function alias(name) {
        return function aliasClosure() {
            return this[name].apply(this, arguments);
        };
    }

    /**
     * Returns the listener array for the specified event.
     * Will initialise the event object and listener arrays if required.
     * Will return an object if you use a regex search. The object contains keys for each matched event. So /ba[rz]/ might return an object containing bar and baz. But only if you have either defined them with defineEvent or added some listeners to them.
     * Each property in the object response is an array of listener functions.
     *
     * @param {String|RegExp} evt Name of the event to return the listeners from.
     * @return {Function[]|Object} All listener functions for the event.
     */
    proto.getListeners = function getListeners(evt) {
        var events = this._getEvents();
        var response;
        var key;

        // Return a concatenated array of all matching events if
        // the selector is a regular expression.
        if (evt instanceof RegExp) {
            response = {};
            for (key in events) {
                if (events.hasOwnProperty(key) && evt.test(key)) {
                    response[key] = events[key];
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            response = events[evt] || (events[evt] = []);
        }

        return response;
    };

    /**
     * Takes a list of listener objects and flattens it into a list of listener functions.
     *
     * @param {Object[]} listeners Raw listener objects.
     * @return {Function[]} Just the listener functions.
     */
    proto.flattenListeners = function flattenListeners(listeners) {
        var flatListeners = [];
        var i;

        for (i = 0; i < listeners.length; i += 1) {
            flatListeners.push(listeners[i].listener);
        }

        return flatListeners;
    };

    /**
     * Fetches the requested listeners via getListeners but will always return the results inside an object. This is mainly for internal use but others may find it useful.
     *
     * @param {String|RegExp} evt Name of the event to return the listeners from.
     * @return {Object} All listener functions for an event in an object.
     */
    proto.getListenersAsObject = function getListenersAsObject(evt) {
        var listeners = this.getListeners(evt);
        var response;

        if (listeners instanceof Array) {
            response = {};
            response[evt] = listeners;
        }

        return response || listeners;
    };

    /**
     * Adds a listener function to the specified event.
     * The listener will not be added if it is a duplicate.
     * If the listener returns true then it will be removed after it is called.
     * If you pass a regular expression as the event name then the listener will be added to all events that match it.
     *
     * @param {String|RegExp} evt Name of the event to attach the listener to.
     * @param {Function} listener Method to be called when the event is emitted. If the function returns true then it will be removed after calling.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.addListener = function addListener(evt, listener) {
        var listeners = this.getListenersAsObject(evt);
        var listenerIsWrapped = typeof listener === 'object';
        var key;

        for (key in listeners) {
            if (listeners.hasOwnProperty(key) && indexOfListener(listeners[key], listener) === -1) {
                listeners[key].push(listenerIsWrapped ? listener : {
                    listener: listener,
                    once: false
                });
            }
        }

        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Alias of addListener
     */
    proto.on = alias('addListener');

    /**
     * Semi-alias of addListener. It will add a listener that will be
     * automatically removed after its first execution.
     *
     * @param {String|RegExp} evt Name of the event to attach the listener to.
     * @param {Function} listener Method to be called when the event is emitted. If the function returns true then it will be removed after calling.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.addOnceListener = function addOnceListener(evt, listener) {
        return this.addListener(evt, {
            listener: listener,
            once: true
        });
    };

    /**
     * Alias of addOnceListener.
     */
    proto.once = alias('addOnceListener');

    /**
     * Defines an event name. This is required if you want to use a regex to add a listener to multiple events at once. If you don't do this then how do you expect it to know what event to add to? Should it just add to every possible match for a regex? No. That is scary and bad.
     * You need to tell it what event names should be matched by a regex.
     *
     * @param {String} evt Name of the event to create.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.defineEvent = function defineEvent(evt) {
        this.getListeners(evt);
        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Uses defineEvent to define multiple events.
     *
     * @param {String[]} evts An array of event names to define.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.defineEvents = function defineEvents(evts) {
        for (var i = 0; i < evts.length; i += 1) {
            this.defineEvent(evts[i]);
        }
        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Removes a listener function from the specified event.
     * When passed a regular expression as the event name, it will remove the listener from all events that match it.
     *
     * @param {String|RegExp} evt Name of the event to remove the listener from.
     * @param {Function} listener Method to remove from the event.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.removeListener = function removeListener(evt, listener) {
        var listeners = this.getListenersAsObject(evt);
        var index;
        var key;

        for (key in listeners) {
            if (listeners.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                index = indexOfListener(listeners[key], listener);

                if (index !== -1) {
                    listeners[key].splice(index, 1);
                }
            }
        }

        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Alias of removeListener
     */
    proto.off = alias('removeListener');

    /**
     * Adds listeners in bulk using the manipulateListeners method.
     * If you pass an object as the second argument you can add to multiple events at once. The object should contain key value pairs of events and listeners or listener arrays. You can also pass it an event name and an array of listeners to be added.
     * You can also pass it a regular expression to add the array of listeners to all events that match it.
     * Yeah, this function does quite a bit. That's probably a bad thing.
     *
     * @param {String|Object|RegExp} evt An event name if you will pass an array of listeners next. An object if you wish to add to multiple events at once.
     * @param {Function[]} [listeners] An optional array of listener functions to add.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.addListeners = function addListeners(evt, listeners) {
        // Pass through to manipulateListeners
        return this.manipulateListeners(false, evt, listeners);
    };

    /**
     * Removes listeners in bulk using the manipulateListeners method.
     * If you pass an object as the second argument you can remove from multiple events at once. The object should contain key value pairs of events and listeners or listener arrays.
     * You can also pass it an event name and an array of listeners to be removed.
     * You can also pass it a regular expression to remove the listeners from all events that match it.
     *
     * @param {String|Object|RegExp} evt An event name if you will pass an array of listeners next. An object if you wish to remove from multiple events at once.
     * @param {Function[]} [listeners] An optional array of listener functions to remove.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.removeListeners = function removeListeners(evt, listeners) {
        // Pass through to manipulateListeners
        return this.manipulateListeners(true, evt, listeners);
    };

    /**
     * Edits listeners in bulk. The addListeners and removeListeners methods both use this to do their job. You should really use those instead, this is a little lower level.
     * The first argument will determine if the listeners are removed (true) or added (false).
     * If you pass an object as the second argument you can add/remove from multiple events at once. The object should contain key value pairs of events and listeners or listener arrays.
     * You can also pass it an event name and an array of listeners to be added/removed.
     * You can also pass it a regular expression to manipulate the listeners of all events that match it.
     *
     * @param {Boolean} remove True if you want to remove listeners, false if you want to add.
     * @param {String|Object|RegExp} evt An event name if you will pass an array of listeners next. An object if you wish to add/remove from multiple events at once.
     * @param {Function[]} [listeners] An optional array of listener functions to add/remove.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.manipulateListeners = function manipulateListeners(remove, evt, listeners) {
        var i;
        var value;
        var single = remove ? this.removeListener : this.addListener;
        var multiple = remove ? this.removeListeners : this.addListeners;

        // If evt is an object then pass each of its properties to this method
        if (typeof evt === 'object' && !(evt instanceof RegExp)) {
            for (i in evt) {
                if (evt.hasOwnProperty(i) && (value = evt[i])) {
                    // Pass the single listener straight through to the singular method
                    if (typeof value === 'function') {
                        single.call(this, i, value);
                    }
                    else {
                        // Otherwise pass back to the multiple function
                        multiple.call(this, i, value);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            // So evt must be a string
            // And listeners must be an array of listeners
            // Loop over it and pass each one to the multiple method
            i = listeners.length;
            while (i--) {
                single.call(this, evt, listeners[i]);
            }
        }

        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Removes all listeners from a specified event.
     * If you do not specify an event then all listeners will be removed.
     * That means every event will be emptied.
     * You can also pass a regex to remove all events that match it.
     *
     * @param {String|RegExp} [evt] Optional name of the event to remove all listeners for. Will remove from every event if not passed.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.removeEvent = function removeEvent(evt) {
        var type = typeof evt;
        var events = this._getEvents();
        var key;

        // Remove different things depending on the state of evt
        if (type === 'string') {
            // Remove all listeners for the specified event
            delete events[evt];
        }
        else if (evt instanceof RegExp) {
            // Remove all events matching the regex.
            for (key in events) {
                if (events.hasOwnProperty(key) && evt.test(key)) {
                    delete events[key];
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            // Remove all listeners in all events
            delete this._events;
        }

        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Alias of removeEvent.
     *
     * Added to mirror the node API.
     */
    proto.removeAllListeners = alias('removeEvent');

    /**
     * Emits an event of your choice.
     * When emitted, every listener attached to that event will be executed.
     * If you pass the optional argument array then those arguments will be passed to every listener upon execution.
     * Because it uses `apply`, your array of arguments will be passed as if you wrote them out separately.
     * So they will not arrive within the array on the other side, they will be separate.
     * You can also pass a regular expression to emit to all events that match it.
     *
     * @param {String|RegExp} evt Name of the event to emit and execute listeners for.
     * @param {Array} [args] Optional array of arguments to be passed to each listener.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.emitEvent = function emitEvent(evt, args) {
        var listeners = this.getListenersAsObject(evt);
        var listener;
        var i;
        var key;
        var response;

        for (key in listeners) {
            if (listeners.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                i = listeners[key].length;

                while (i--) {
                    // If the listener returns true then it shall be removed from the event
                    // The function is executed either with a basic call or an apply if there is an args array
                    listener = listeners[key][i];

                    if (listener.once === true) {
                        this.removeListener(evt, listener.listener);
                    }

                    response = listener.listener.apply(this, args || []);

                    if (response === this._getOnceReturnValue()) {
                        this.removeListener(evt, listener.listener);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Alias of emitEvent
     */
    proto.trigger = alias('emitEvent');

    /**
     * Subtly different from emitEvent in that it will pass its arguments on to the listeners, as opposed to taking a single array of arguments to pass on.
     * As with emitEvent, you can pass a regex in place of the event name to emit to all events that match it.
     *
     * @param {String|RegExp} evt Name of the event to emit and execute listeners for.
     * @param {...*} Optional additional arguments to be passed to each listener.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.emit = function emit(evt) {
        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
        return this.emitEvent(evt, args);
    };

    /**
     * Sets the current value to check against when executing listeners. If a
     * listeners return value matches the one set here then it will be removed
     * after execution. This value defaults to true.
     *
     * @param {*} value The new value to check for when executing listeners.
     * @return {Object} Current instance of EventEmitter for chaining.
     */
    proto.setOnceReturnValue = function setOnceReturnValue(value) {
        this._onceReturnValue = value;
        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Fetches the current value to check against when executing listeners. If
     * the listeners return value matches this one then it should be removed
     * automatically. It will return true by default.
     *
     * @return {*|Boolean} The current value to check for or the default, true.
     * @api private
     */
    proto._getOnceReturnValue = function _getOnceReturnValue() {
        if (this.hasOwnProperty('_onceReturnValue')) {
            return this._onceReturnValue;
        }
        else {
            return true;
        }
    };

    /**
     * Fetches the events object and creates one if required.
     *
     * @return {Object} The events storage object.
     * @api private
     */
    proto._getEvents = function _getEvents() {
        return this._events || (this._events = {});
    };

    /**
     * Reverts the global {@link EventEmitter} to its previous value and returns a reference to this version.
     *
     * @return {Function} Non conflicting EventEmitter class.
     */
    EventEmitter.noConflict = function noConflict() {
        exports.EventEmitter = originalGlobalValue;
        return EventEmitter;
    };

    // Expose the class either via AMD, CommonJS or the global object
    if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
        define(function () {
            return EventEmitter;
        });
    }
    else if (typeof module === 'object' && module.exports){
        module.exports = EventEmitter;
    }
    else {
        exports.EventEmitter = EventEmitter;
    }
}.call(this));

},{}]},{},[3]);


Last November, I wrote a blog post about the potential for building relationships with #GivingTuesday. In 2012, #GivingTuesday was an idea to build a day dedicated to giving, and an opening of the door to a movement. I understood that it was an initial experiment, but I wanted more: I wanted a place where we could converse about giving, provide input into the day, go beyond being a receiver or giver of donations, and find community.
I think it's come a long way in a year: from an interesting experiment in social awareness, to something that has tremendous brand awareness and widespread involvement. A year ago, most nonprofit organizations hadn't heard of the day. This year, word went out far and wide. I suspect that if you were using social media at all on December 3rd, you encountered #GivingTuesday in some way: prominent on the Google homepage, trending on Twitter, the many blog posts, a #GivingTuesday tweet, among others. Not to mention the appeals you may have received by email from nonprofit organizations. Overall donations increased 162% in 2013, average donation size increased, and the number of nonprofit partners far exceeded those in 2012.
#GivingTuesday worked hard to develop awareness and build a strong seasonal campaign; it recruited many prominent brand ambassadors, corporate and nonprofit partners, and social media ambassadors. The website offers campaign support with toolkits and guides of all sorts for nonprofits, fundraisers, partners and individuals. #GivingTuesday's Facebook page grew to over over 25,000 Likes, there are over 15,000 Twitter followers, and fans on Pinterest, Instagram, Google Plus and YouTube.
It's a brand. It's a campaign. Where's the community?
That remains to be seen. Colleague Beth Kanter argues that it is a movement. It is certainly open enough to become what any stakeholder wants it to be: develop and promote it using the hashtag and power of the brand. I'd argue that a real movement needs a place for stakeholder engagement and leadership.
What's missing is the town square: a place to chat, converse, plan, learn…and meet. When that happens, then you have a connected community. Remember Occupy Wall Street in 2011? That was a connected, passionate community movement across the country.
I want a place for us to talk about what we want #GivingTuesday to be, to share what it means to each of us, to discuss what #GivingTuesday means to global philanthropy, and to feel like we have a stake in its future. I want a community-driven conversation.
Connected community + movement = tremendous power.
An online conversation platform for nonprofits participating in #GivingTuesday to learn and share ideas and practices.
An online community space promoting conversation about #GivingTuesday: why is it important, what does giving mean, what does it mean for Americans to give after Black Friday, who are the givers, why we give, etc. What a place it could be!
A way to connect nonprofits with each other, developing #GivingTuesday mentorship.
More Hangouts! The Google Plus Hangouts were fabulous, and the day-long Hangout On Air offered a promise of "community." Let's go beyond this short series of Hangouts and hold monthly Hangouts that build this community year-round.
Did you feel part of a movement on #GivingTuesday? What would create a connected #GivingTuesday community for you? Please weigh in with your comments.


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Attosecond nonlinear polarization and light–matter energy transfer in solids
A. Sommer1 na1,
E. M. Bothschafter1,2 na1 nAff8,
S. A. Sato3,
C. Jakubeit1,
T. Latka1,
O. Razskazovskaya1,
H. Fattahi1,
M. Jobst1,
W. Schweinberger1,2,
V. Shirvanyan1,
V. S. Yakovlev1,4,
R. Kienberger5,
K. Yabana3,6,
N. Karpowicz1,
M. Schultze1,2 &
F. Krausz1,2
Nature volume 534, pages 86–90 (2016)Cite this article
Ultrafast photonics
Electric-field-induced charge separation (polarization) is the most fundamental manifestation of the interaction of light with matter and a phenomenon of great technological relevance. Nonlinear optical polarization1,2 produces coherent radiation in spectral ranges inaccessible by lasers and constitutes the key to ultimate-speed signal manipulation. Terahertz techniques3,4,5,6,7,8 have provided experimental access to this important observable up to frequencies of several terahertz9,10,11,12,13. Here we demonstrate that attosecond metrology14 extends the resolution to petahertz frequencies of visible light. Attosecond polarization spectroscopy allows measurement of the response of the electronic system of silica to strong (more than one volt per ångström) few-cycle optical (about 750 nanometres) fields. Our proof-of-concept study provides time-resolved insight into the attosecond nonlinear polarization and the light–matter energy transfer dynamics behind the optical Kerr effect and multi-photon absorption. Timing the nonlinear polarization relative to the driving laser electric field with sub-30-attosecond accuracy yields direct quantitative access to both the reversible and irreversible energy exchange between visible–infrared light and electrons. Quantitative determination of dissipation within a signal manipulation cycle of only a few femtoseconds duration (by measurement and ab initio calculation) reveals the feasibility of dielectric optical switching at clock rates above 100 terahertz. The observed sub-femtosecond rise of energy transfer from the field to the material (for a peak electric field strength exceeding 2.5 volts per ångström) in turn indicates the viability of petahertz-bandwidth metrology with a solid-state device.
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Figure 1: Attosecond spectroscopy of the nonlinear polarization.
Figure 2: Sub-femtosecond-resolved optical Kerr effect in silica.
Figure 3: The nonlinear optical polarization response of silica at critical field strengths.
Figure 4: Energy exchange between strong optical fields and electrons in real time.
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We acknowledge discussions with M. Stockman and V. Apalkov. This work was supported by the Max Planck Society and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence: Munich Centre for Advanced Photonics (http://www.munich-photonics.de). M.S. was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF). E.M.B. acknowledges funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 290605 (PSI-FELLOW/COFUND) and from the Swiss National Science Foundation through NCCR MUST. This research is based upon work supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-16-1-0073 and used computational resources of the K computer provided by the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science through the HPCI System Research project (Project ID: hp140103).
E. M. Bothschafter
Present address: †Present address: Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villingen, Switzerland.,
A. Sommer and E. M. Bothschafter: These authors contributed equally to this work.
Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
A. Sommer, E. M. Bothschafter, C. Jakubeit, T. Latka, O. Razskazovskaya, H. Fattahi, M. Jobst, W. Schweinberger, V. Shirvanyan, V. S. Yakovlev, N. Karpowicz, M. Schultze & F. Krausz
Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
E. M. Bothschafter, W. Schweinberger, M. Schultze & F. Krausz
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
S. A. Sato & K. Yabana
Center for Nano-Optics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30303, Georgia, USA
V. S. Yakovlev
Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
R. Kienberger
Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
K. Yabana
A. Sommer
S. A. Sato
C. Jakubeit
T. Latka
O. Razskazovskaya
H. Fattahi
M. Jobst
W. Schweinberger
V. Shirvanyan
N. Karpowicz
M. Schultze
F. Krausz
F.K. and M.S. initiated, conceived and supervised the study. A.S. and E.M.B. developed the experimental method. A.S., E.M.B. and C.J. (in close cooperation with T.L., O.R., M.J., W.S. and V.S.) prepared and performed the experiment. S.A.S., H.F., K.Y. and N.K. accomplished the theoretical modelling. A.S., E.M.B., V.S.Y., R.K., N.K., M.S. and F.K. analysed and interpreted the experimental data. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
Correspondence to M. Schultze or F. Krausz.
This file contains Supplementary text and Data, Supplementary Figures 1-16 and Supplementary References. (PDF 2139 kb)
PowerPoint slide for Fig. 1
Sommer, A., Bothschafter, E., Sato, S. et al. Attosecond nonlinear polarization and light–matter energy transfer in solids. Nature 534, 86–90 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17650
Issue Date: 02 June 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17650
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Kotaro Nakagawa
Hideki Hirori
Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
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Attosecond clocking of correlations between Bloch electrons
J. Freudenstein
M. Borsch
R. Huber
Doyeong Kim
Adrian N. Pfeiffer
Yohei Kobayashi
Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers
Tobias Boolakee
Christian Heide
Peter Hommelhoff
Editorial Summary
Petahertz-bandwidth metrology in silica
Recent years have seen an increased interest in light–matter interactions in solid-state systems at ultrafast timescales. Ferenc Krausz and colleagues study the nonlinear polarization of silica in response to intense infrared light fields with a spectroscopy method in the attosecond time range. The method makes it possible to unravel details of the reversible and irreversible energy exchange between infrared light and electrons and points to the feasibility of using light-based switching techniques for signal processing in solid-state devices above 100 terahertz.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


AT&T and Verizon have been shamelessly defending data caps ever since they first imposed them on subscribers. For years, they've argued that network congestion made data caps a necessary evil (which has been disputed), and insisted that most users would never exceed their limits anyway. It was one thing to say that in 2012, when monthly data consumption averaged around 700MB, but that amount nearly doubled in 2013 (1.2GB per month), and is expected to double again this year. Unless data caps get a "Cost of Living Adjustment" this year, Verizon and AT&T are going to clean up on overage charges, at the expense of their customers.
Anticipating this fallout, AT&T announced a new "solution" to data caps—"Sponsored Data"—that would put the onus of access onto the shoulders of content providers, instead of the carrier. AT&T will "allow" content providers to pay for their content to be accessible even when a mobile user has exceeded his or her monthly data, with no additional charge to that user. Essentially, they've created Data Cap Insurance.
Many in the industry remain unconvinced, however. "This definitely violates the spirit of network neutrality," said John Bergmayer, of Public Knowledge. "Once you have a data cap, set artificially low, that opens the door to all kinds of shenanigans." Not only does Sponsored Data suddenly invalidate the "network congestion" defense of data caps, it permits AT&T (and the carriers that are bound to imitate the model, if it's successful) to double-charge for data. They've called it "win-win" for content providers and subscribers, but the only clear winner here is AT&T itself.
What will happen now that Net Neutrality has been abolished, pending appeal? Will Sponsored Data become the norm, and eventually give way to tiered levels of Internet access, as so many fear? Tell us what you think in the comments!


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2018.06.15 Island Inns that Feel Like Home
Exploring Setouchi #2
The Setouchi Triennale made Teshima known to the world. Charmed by the island's beauty, the artworks and the kindness of the local people, many visitors want to stay overnight.
In response, a movement has been launched to convert empty houses or unused rooms into accommodations where visitors can experience the island lifestyle and culture, including farming and fishing.
There are now nine of these establishments, and their owners are happy to teach guests how to cook traditional local foods or let them try their hand at fishing or farming. What has this experience been like for the islanders? We interviewed two of them to find out.
Until the Triennale, Teshima rarely had visitors of any kind but now people of all ages come from every part of Japan as well as from overseas to enjoy the island's art. And the islanders really look forward to meeting them. Yaeko Yamane (77), for example, is nurturing a warm connection with Australia.
"Just the other day, a guest from Australia who stayed here five years ago came and stayed again," she told us happily.
Yaeko and her husband run a store on the island, but when she heard about the idea of turning homes into inns, she thought of using the house her parents once lived in.
Now, when she has guests, she leaves her husband to run the store on his own, while she takes care of the inn.
"At first I was a little nervous, wondering what kind of people would come," she said. Her very first guests were not even from Japan but from Australia.
"When they reserved, they said they didn't need any meals. But when I saw that they had bought instant noodles to eat in their room, I just had to do something. I whipped up some okonomiyaki for them on the spot."
Those guests never forgot Yaeko's kindness, and five years later one of them brought her whole family to visit.
Yaeko treasures a notebook with messages from all the guests who have stayed with her. Some are written in Japanese and express gratitude for the great food and hospitality. But some are long letters written in foreign languages.
Although Yaeko only understands Japanese, thanks to the translation function on her guests' cell phones, she has no problem communicating.
Since she started running this inn, Yaeko has started to farm her fields more. Now that she has guests to cook for, she wants to feed them fresh vegetables and fruits year-round.
"It's more work, but I still grow my crops from seeds. The soil here is so rich that everything grows really well. Everyone loves what I make from the things I grow."
Yaeko raises chickens in her fields as well so her guests can have fresh eggs for breakfast.
"My husband runs the store and I run the inn. It keeps us from going senile," Yaeko laughs. It's clear from her well-tended fields that she spares no effort to feed her guests delicious meals.
Kiyoto Ikuta (56) returned to Teshima from the neighboring island of Shodoshima. "The Setouchi Triennale and the inns gave me an opportunity to come back," he says.
He had been living on Shodoshima with his family, but for some time had been longing to return to Teshima, which he still loved. Thanks to the Triennale, he was able to come back and now makes a living from fishing and from taking care of luggage storage at the port.
Between these two jobs, he also runs an inn, which means that from spring to fall he's very busy. But according to him, just to hear his guests rave about Teshima fish makes it all worthwhile.
Any guests that want to can join him when he goes fishing and then help transform their catch into the evening meal. He loves the fact that when he teaches guests how to fillet and cook fish like a true fishermen, they come to really appreciate just how good the seafood in this area is.
Another reason he's glad that he started running an inn is the opportunity to meet people from the city.
"I've always lived in the country, so it's interesting to meet city people. I've set up a couple of social media accounts and websites, but it was visitors from places like Tokyo that taught me how. Now it's really easy to share information online. This inn has given me opportunities to meet people I never would have met otherwise."
Kiyoto makes a point of sharing his personal experiences with his guests, such as how he helped artists make works for the Triennale. He also shares the island's traditional culture. That way, his guests can experience a side of Teshima that they would never discover just by wandering around the island. That's probably why many of his clientele are repeaters who come back regularly, sometimes as often as once a month. He makes sure that when they walk in the door, they feel like they're coming home.
There are many other island inns that offer unique experiences, such as cooking with local ingredients, jam-making or the old-fashioned Japanese goemonburo, a deep iron bath with a wooden lid which you must stand on when sinking into the water so as not to burn yourself on the hot metal sides.
There are two ports in Teshima that connect the island to such places as Takamatsu, Naoshima and Shodoshima. It's nice to spend a day touring the Setouchi Triennale and then return to Teshima for the night and share your adventures with your "family" at the inn.
Staying at an inn on Teshima makes you feel right at home.


SACRAMENTO, Calif. — Sacramento State Director of Athletics Mark Orr announced today that Matt Vincent has been hired as the Associate AD for Compliance.
In his role with the Hornets, Vincent will serve on the department's executive administration team and will also make sure Sacramento State is meeting NCAA eligibility standards. Along with the staff in the compliance department, he will conduct rules education for coaches and student-athletes, prepare and submit waivers to the NCAA and work with partners on campus and in conference offices.
"I am excited about becoming a part of the Sacramento State athletics family," Vincent said. "I look forward to being a resource for the coaches, student-athletes, staff, faculty and alumni. It is great to be back in my home state and have the opportunity to work for a great University and athletics program."
A native of Northern California, Vincent returns to his home state after serving as the Assistant Athletics Director for Compliance at Liberty University in Lynchburg, Va. With the Flames, he was the primary compliance contact for men's basketball, men's soccer, field hockey, women's lacrosse and women's tennis.
"We are excited to have Matt join our staff," Orr said. "He brings a lot of experience in compliance and has also been a student-athlete and coach himself which allows him to have a well-rounded perspective of intercollegiate athletics."
Vincent was raised in Turlock, Calif., and graduated from Saint Mary's with a degree in kinesiology. He played three seasons of football for the Gaels as an offensive lineman before transferring to New Mexico State for his senior season after SMC discontinued the sport. He added a master's in higher education from Southeast Missouri State where he also served as a graduate assistant coach.
Matt and his wife Erika, who played basketball at Saint Mary's, have two children: Uma and Magnus.


A member of the Bloods street gang, who began using the street name "Gotti" after being exonerated at state trials for attempted murder and murder was sentenced Monday in federal court to 15 years and 10 months on racketeering charges, officials said.
The racketeering charges stemmed from crimes Carl Perryman committed to enhance his position in the gang, said Eastern District federal prosecutors James Miskiewicz and Grace Cucchissi. Perryman, of Rockville Centre, pleaded guilty in August to assault with a dangerous weapon, the shooting of a person he suspected of being an informant, and the shooting of a person he suspected of being a member of the rival Crips gang. Both victims survived their wounds, court papers said.
The suspected member of the rival Crips was identified as Kelly Baldwin, who was shot after he did what was described as a "Crips dance" to taunt members of the Bloods in March 2011 by the Old Mill Court housing complex in Rockville Centre, according to court papers.
The suspected informant was identified in court papers as John Bush, who was shot by Perryman on July 2009, also near the Old Mill Court complex, according to the papers.
Perryman's attorney, Matthew Brissenden, of Garden City, said his client apologized to both victims before he was sentenced Monday in Central Islip by U.S. District Judge Arthur Spatt. Prosecutors Miskiewicz and Cucchissi declined to comment.
Perryman was acquitted in Nassau County Court in 2010 for the Bush shooting, court papers said. In a separate case, he was acquitted in 2009 in Nassau County Court of murdering a man identified as David Baez.
Two witnesses to the Baez killing, who initially tied him to that crime, recanted and testified for Perryman, according to the court papers. Those witnesses were subsequently convicted of perjury and sentenced to jail, the papers said. A third witness did not appear for trial because she had been intimidated by Perryman, the papers said.


In recent years, the federal government has pushed clinics and hospitals to adopt electronic medical records systems. Proponents argued that the systems would make medical practices more efficient and reduce the risk of doctor errors. Others, however, weren't so sure. They worried that new electronic systems could lead to a whole slew of inadvertent mistakes.
Thankfully, these fears are not coming true. In fact, a recent study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine showed that doctors who use electronic medical records are actually 84 percent less likely to be sued for medical malpractice than doctors who use traditional paper records.
Electronic records systems can help speed diagnoses and reduce confusion, since they allow doctors to easily share patient information. More sophisticated systems can even analyze a patient's medical history to determine whether a particular drug could cause a negative reaction.
Still, electronic medical records systems are not without their risks. Many medical providers see an uptick in errors shortly after the systems are introduced. This can be largely attributed to user error, especially from older doctors who are less experienced with computerized systems.
The jury is still out on what role electronic medical records will play in future medical malpractice lawsuits. The fact that records are more accessible may mean that lawyers and plaintiffs will have better evidence to use at trial.
Even though electronic medical records can reduce the risk of error, nothing can completely eliminate the chance that a doctor will make a negligent mistake. Patients who are harmed by a negligent medical professional should talk to an attorney who can help them understand their rights.
Source: Reuters, "Electronic records tied to fewer malpractice claims," Genevra Pittman, June 27, 2012.
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The hole in Josh Hawley's economic argument
Who does his attack on the "cosmopolitan consensus" ultimately serve?
Illustrated | -slav-/iStock, AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, str33tcat/iStock
byJeff Spross
Earlier this month, freshman Republican Senator Josh Hawley set off a minor firestorm among the liberal commentariat. His speech at the "National Conservatism" conference indicted an elite class in America that lives by what Hawley called the "cosmopolitan consensus."
"On economics, this consensus favors globalization — closer and closer economic union, more immigration, more movement of capital, more trade on whatever terms," Hawley said. But this consensus has also left everyday working Americans "with flat wages, with lost jobs, with declining investment and declining opportunity. We don't make things here anymore — at least, not the kinds of things a normal person without a fancy degree can build with his hands."
"If Bernie Sanders or Elizabeth Warren delivered those lines, no one would have thought twice," my colleague Damon Linker said of Hawley's speech. Which is more or less correct. So why, he asks, did liberals get so riled up over it?
There are a few reasons. First, there's a genuinely dark historical precedent for the particular fusion of arguments Hawley is making. Second, Hawley may represent a Trump 2.0 future for the GOP that the still fractured and disjointed American left is simply unequipped to handle. But most importantly — and what no one has really addressed head on yet — is the basic hollowness of Hawley's supposed anti-elite populism.
Half truths are always far more effective than outright lies though, so let's start with what Hawley gets right.
There is indeed a class of elites who largely run the major institutions of western power, and who constitute a kind of globe-trotting international blob — think of the crowd that attends the annual Davos conference. This class also favors a set of economic and corporate practices — free movement of capital, free trade, austerity and tight money to promote investment, relentless pursuit of efficiency and shareholder value — that really has decimated working-class jobs and communities in America and elsewhere. Moral cover is provided for these practices with a kind of half-baked "we are the world" meritocratic ethic that views, say, defending American jobs against Chinese competition as mere ugly xenophobia and that invokes a belief in progress and meritocracy to justify leaving smaller and more rural communities behind.
But Hawley also jams together whole swaths of people under the "cosmopolitan" umbrella that really need to be pulled apart.
There's the outright capitalist elite — not even the top 1 percent, but the top 0.1 percent or top 0.01 percent — described above. Then there's what you might call the college-educated professional upper class — the top 10 percent or so, made up of academics and journalists and lawyers and Wall Street accountants and so forth. These two groups do largely share the "cosmopolitan" cultural ethos that Hawley describes, but they are economically distinct. Hawley also lumps the bustling, multicultural, multiethnic experience of city life under the "cosmopolitan" umbrella, even though that's an experience shared by vast numbers of Americans up and down the entire income and wealth spectrum. "Hawley's cosmopolitan-versus-nationalist framework doesn't neatly map on to actual class or cultural divisions in the real world," Jeet Heer wrote at The Nation.
This is where observers on the left begin to get suspicious. To put it bluntly, the particular lumping together Hawley is doing here bears a real similarity to the basic structure of fascist politics.
Historical and sociological observers like Karl Polanyi described fascism as a kind of perverse response to the very real problems of elite capitalist exploitation of the working population. But fascism is also a last ditch effort to protect the elites against any real challenge. It takes economic resentments against those elites and re-channels them into cultural resentment against foreign "others" and the broader liberal upper class — a process that almost inevitably requires uniting an ethnically homogenous middle-class majority under an authoritarian government. On top of that, the term "rootless cosmopolitan" has a well-known history as an anti-Semitic slur in authoritarian rhetoric, with the Jewish people cast as the cultural elite out to undermine the common people.
Ultimately, as Heer argued, accusing Hawley of anti-Semitism is "a stretch." The Anti-Defamation League simply concluded that Hawley might want to pick his words more carefully. The fact is, "cosmopolitan" is a pretty widely used term that really does describe a particular cultural ethos that lots of people really do profess. (Even President Obama used it in a 2018 speech, though his criticism was gentler.)
Hawley's use of the word probably set off alarm bells because of the larger fascist-adjacent structure of his argument. Because, while Hawley's rhetoric may have been strikingly anti-elite, his substantive policy positions remain largely that of a standard pro-oligarchy Republican.
Hawley supports the right-to-work laws that have helped gut unions. He's skeptical of the minimum wage. He does support wage subsidies, but absent any serious commitment to full employment, wage subsidies do little more than paper over inequality and employers' power to exploit their workers. Hawley, like any good Republican, is a devout austerian who supports a balanced budget amendment — which would make full employment impossible. Hawley defends the massive giveaway to the rich that was the 2017 tax cut, he thinks the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is unconstitutional, and he has happily participated in particularly craven legal efforts to dismantle ObamaCare.
Hawley only risks genuinely inconveniencing elites in areas such as tech regulation, student debt, and drug pricing. The first two happen to intersect with targets of right-wing cultural grievance (colleges, for incubating aggressive social progressivism, and big tech, for supposedly curtailing conservative speech) and the third is so universally reviled it's like shooting fish in a barrel. Unlike Elizabeth Warren or Bernie Sanders, both of whom present relatively comprehensive plans for challenging elite power, Hawley's ostensible populism is culture war-driven cafeteria-style.
Meanwhile, his speech also did a lot of work to muck up the distinction between economic grievances and cultural ones. "They [the cosmopolitan class] subscribe to a set of values held by similar elites in other places: things like the importance of global integration and the danger of national loyalties; the priority of social change over tradition, career over community, and achievement and merit and progress," Hawley continued. "They regard our inherited traditions as oppressive and our shared institutions — like family and neighborhood and church — as backwards."
As New York's Eric Levitz argued, this comes close to implying that anyone who's socially progressive, who's not big on church, who's glad they left their hometown, who likes city life and its polyglot multicultural bustle, must also have a college degree and earn six figures. Which is patently absurd.
None of this is to imply that Hawley is somehow the second coming of Francisco Franco. It's more like he's irresponsibly playing with dynamite. Nor is it just him; it's the entire Republican Party and conservative movement. Obfuscating the difference between the professional upper class and the genuine capitalist elites, pitching anti-elite populism in cultural rather than economic terms — these are tricks going back at least to the George W. Bush administration and the Gingrich revolution of the 1990s. The most prominent conservative who avoids challenging the capitalist elites by casting upper class cosmopolitan liberals as the real problem is the New York Times' David Brooks. Hawley's implication that "social liberationism" is an elite plot to undermine the working class was pioneered years ago by the Times' Ross Douthat.
The aim here is not to end the working class' suffering; they aim to preserve and channel it to power their own preferred political project. Hawley is not an innovator in this regard. He's a particularly erudite presenter of a fusionist strategy long in the making.
The question of why many white middle- and working-class Americans vote against their own economic interests is well explored. Less appreciated is that the liberal professional upper class suffers from much the same problem. This group may share many cultural values with the capitalist elites, but they certainly do not share concrete economic interests. The total reorganization of American commerce around the needs of those at the very top has brought the upper class some ancillary benefits — like cheaper consumables and services. But it's also entrapped them in a genuinely debilitating and endless financial rat race that extends extraordinarily high up the economic ladder.
Yet, just like the white working class, the professional upper class often votes to entrench its own suffering: Hillary Clinton's victory over Bernie Sanders in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary can be seen as the mobilization of cosmopolitan cultural loyalties in defense of elite economic interests. The results of the 2016 general election certainly didn't defend cosmopolitan values, but for the capitalist elites that was never the point. Once the choice was Clinton or Trump — "a battle between cosmopolitan finance capitalism and ethno-nationalist backlash," as MSNBC's Chris Hayes put it — the capitalist elites were guaranteed a win either way.
More to the point, this is what gives Hawley and his ilk a patina of plausibility when they claim the cultural power of the urban liberal upper class, as opposed to the economic power of the 0.01 percent, is the real problem.
The American working class' suffering at the hands of the super-rich is very real. As Polanyi has written, the body politic will respond to that suffering one way or another, with a descent into ethno-nationalist authoritarianism being one of the very real options. Matt Stoller noted that a lot of liberals' disdain for Hawley was driven by the belief that "fascism is what lives in an individual soul." But fascism is an aggregate social event more than an individual creed — it's human politics' equivalent to an ecological collapse once the material stresses become too great.
What is needed in response is not so much cosmopolitan liberalism but cosmopolitan populism: a genuine and broad-reaching populism that can unite everyone, working- and upper-class both, against the capitalist elite.
Therein lies the trouble. Warren and Sanders are both offering something at least in the general vicinity of this strategy, as are the freshman Democratic congresswomen colloquially known as "the Squad" — Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.), Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.), Ayanna Pressley (D-Mass.), and Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.). But it's entirely possible neither Warren nor Sanders will be the Democratic nominee in 2020. And Democratic House leadership has been in more or less open war with Ocasio-Cortez and her compatriots.
It simply isn't obvious the Democrats are willing or able to confront the particular threat that Hawley represents. That's probably the most fundamental reason the left is freaking out over him.
Jeff Spross
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Johno Morisano and Mashama Bailey opened The Grey in 2014 and immediately landed themselves and Savannah on the national food map receiving a number of accolades that include, among a long list of others, a James Beard semi-finalist nod as Best New Restaurant in America, Eater.com's Restaurant of the Year for 2017/18 and Time Magazine's Top 100 Places in the World in 2018. Mashama received her first James Beard nomination as Best Chef – Southeast in 2018.
With The Grey as their foundation and New York City as their heritage, Johno and Mashama have finally found the time to bring their second offering to their adopted city of Savannah. The Grey Market combines their love for New York City bodegas, the true lifeblood of any New Yorker, with the history and convenience of the Southern lunch counter. Tapping into much of what she learned in creating the menu at The Grey, Mashama and chef de cuisine Brian Fiasconaro are making food that will fill your belly and your soul. With convenience, quality and honesty as the driving forces behind The Grey Market, you are sure to leave satisfied and supplied.
Need that bacon, egg and cheese on a roll at four o'clock in the afternoon? You got it.
Just noticed you forgot your toothbrush? We've got your back.
Rotisserie chicken for dinner? Easy peasy.
Picnic basket for a day at the beach? Yup, got that too.
Romantic evening? – House-made baguette, hunk of stinky cheese and a bottle of red should do the trick.
So, grab a seat at our lunch counter where everyone is welcome, pick up some deliciousness to go, or grab those things you need to live your life well.
We are here for you Savannah.


Hell yes! I am most definitely a suede fan... if done correctly, of course.
I'm not a huge fan but the idea is intriguing.
I love strapless for spring/summer, so I am definitely pro off-the-shoulder sleeves!
Heals out and comfy flats in?
Heals are fun but come on, flats are practical, comfortable and awesome!
Again, when done right I am a HUGE fan, I think it's fun and reminds me of Flappers... and Flappers were fabulous so I'm in for this trend!


text:
OneWeb partners with Kazakhstan government, local partners to provide broadband to country's remote areas
April 2021 | Infrastructure News, Internet & Broadband News, Network and Equipment, News
Bharti group-backed OneWeb has extended its partnership with the Kazakhstan government and local partners to provide broadband to remote areas in the country. This will be done using OneWeb's low-latency satellite connectivity, localisation of the supply chain for OneWeb's low earth orbit satellites, and building a ground station to provide connectivity to Central Asian countries.
In this regard, OneWeb signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with subsidiaries of the Ministry of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry: national satellite operator Republican Centre of Space Communications JSC, National Company Kazakhstan Gharysh Sapary and Ghalam LLP, a spacecraft component supplier.
According to OneWeb, it has also received its certificate of incorporation for OneWeb Kazakhstan Limited registered in Astana International Financial Centre. This subsidiary company will facilitate the establishment of a low earth orbit Centre of Excellence in the country and enable OneWeb's service delivery across the whole of Central Asia.
OneWeb plans to demonstrate the networks in June 2021. The satellite broadband company is reportedly planning to launch its services in India in May-June 2022, while from October 2021, it will provide services in 50 degrees north, including all of the UK, Northern Europe, Polar and Alaska and northern part of Russia.
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text:
/**
 * Created by gkarak on 7/10/2016.
 */

angular
  .module('gaPaginate')
  .component('gaPaginate', {
    templateUrl: 'ng-gentelella/gentelella/ga-paginate/ga-paginate.template.html',
    bindings: {
      paginateId: '@', // a unique html id
      paginatePage: '=', // current page number
      paginateSize: '=', // current page size
      paginateInitialSize: '<', // initial page size
      paginateSizes: '<', // an array of page sizes
      paginateCount: '<', // total number of records
      paginateEllipsis: '@', // number of pages to show if too many
      onPaginate: '&' // call on page change to fetch data
    },
    transclude: true,
    controller: [
      /**
       * Paginate controller
       */
      function GaPaginateController() {
        var self = this;

        /**
         * Return an array of `len` items used for html ng-repeat range
         * @param len
         * @returns {Array}
         */
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          var range = [];
          for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) range.push(i);
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        /**
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          self.paginatePage = self.paginatePage || 1;
          self.itemIdx = 0;
          self.paginateEllipsis = parseInt(self.paginateEllipsis) || 5;
        };

        /**
         * Re-calculate pagination on size or value change
         * When user clicks, then force a fetch data
         * @param dataRefresh: true to fetch data
         */
        self.rePaginate = function (dataRefresh) {
          self.pages = Math.ceil(self.paginateCount / self.paginateSize);
          self.paginate(Math.ceil(self.itemIdx / self.paginateSize), dataRefresh);
        };

        /**
         * Because initialization happens before data is fetched and angular fails to detect the changes
         * Keep a previous value to skip calculations if no change
         * Also fetch data only if a previousCount exists (not first) to avoid initial double fetch #16
         */
        self.$doCheck = function () {
          if (self.previousCount != self.paginateCount) {
            self.paginateCount = parseInt(self.paginateCount);
            self.paginateEllipsis = parseInt(self.paginateEllipsis);
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            self.previousCount = self.paginateCount;
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            self.lowEllipsis = Math.min(self.lowEllipsis, Math.max(self.pages - self.paginateEllipsis, 1));
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


My teen child has never been able to ride a bike, feel the wind in her face, explored her community as most children do, on bikes.
She would love to see other people on the bike trail, and possibly make a new friend. I want her to have that special feeling I rembever from my childhood.
My teen child has never been able to ride a bike, feel the wind in her face, explored her community as most children do, on bikes. She would love to see other people on the bike trail, and possibly make a new friend. I want her to have that special feeling I rembever from my childhood.


text:
Naija Poets
...where poetic analysis exudes the power of poets
About Naijapoets
Shameless Season 11 Episode 1 Review: This Is Chicago
samueldpoetry
After months of delays, Shameless is back and more uneven than ever.
Shameless Season 11 Episode 1 picked up with the Gallaghers in a COVID-19 world, but it was probably the emptiest episode in the series' history.
If you watch Shameless online, you know the root of the show has always been how the Gallaghers struggle by being not as well off as your typical TV characters.
In fact, that's probably been part of the allure of the series for so long, and with shows embracing the pandemic, Shameless is the show I pegged to do it the best.
These characters are genuinely struggling to make ends meet, but somehow, the premiere's execution managed to butcher much of the character development they've endured.
Narratively speaking, there was no direction. A show in its final season should have set up conflicts that need to be resolved by the time the series finale arrives.
In the case of Shameless, all of those conflicts were seemingly resolved at the close of Shameless Season 10, making "This Is Chicago" feel like a sketch show, filled with scenes of characters doing stupid stuff.
The only character who felt like their usual self was Carl, and it's because his storyline actually has a purpose.
He strives for change in the South Side and can bring the skills he has attained growing up in what can only be described as one of the highest crime areas in the U.S.
He may not be the smartest character, but he knows how to do the right thing when the opportunity presents itself.
Debbie's storyline, on the other hand, bordered on offensive. Her sexual encounters with an underage teenager landed her on the sex offender's register and a criminal record.
It was bad enough that the people who updated her records missed out on the "1," and everyone thought she had sex with a seven-year-old, but for her new girlfriend to pop up and make Debbie go viral for being "wrongfully convicted" was even more offensive.
The whole experience should have been a teaching moment for Debbie. Instead, she slept with an underage teenager and is now being made out to be some sort of Saint on Instagram.
Shameless is no stranger to pushing the envelope, and, boy, we've witnessed some wild moments throughout its 10-year-run, but it's hard to see the humor in this storyline.
Debbie is adapting to the new life, but being made famous for committing a crime is simply lazy writing in an attempt to get people talking about the show again.
Ian and Mickey's marital bliss imploding was always in the cards. They are two very complicated human beings, but did we really need the side dose of convoluted drama?
We waited years for them to get together, so for them to bicker over whether to be monogamous and whether to share their money felt like a slap in the face.
The way they decided to choose whether to have sex with other people or not felt like another forced way to make us doubt what Mickey really wants.
We know he's not the brightest, but we should have been told what he had written on the piece of paper without all of the ambiguity.
Cameron Monaghan and Noel Fisher exited Shameless a few years ago and returned last season because they felt there were still stories to tell for their counterparts.
They found their happiness on Shameless Season 10 Episode 12, and somehow, it's been ripped away from them.
Where is the logic in that? They used to be fun to watch on-screen together, but it's one stupid scene after another with them nowadays.
Frank is his usual self, and that's part of a wider problem with the series. He likes the sound of his own voice, so being fed liquor for implying the Gallaghers created the South Side was just par for the course.
William H. Macy is at the stage in which he's being wasted on the series. There's no progression for the character, which makes me not want to watch any of his scenes.
There used to be an element of fun nestled into his arc, but nothing Frank does is remotely exciting or worth talking about these days.
Gentrification on the South Side has been on the horizon for years on the series, and the pandemic is only further accelerating it.
I appreciate that Frank is worried about where that leaves him and the people he's grown up there with, but his plan to destroy gentrification will only end in disaster.
There's a lot of money at stake, and the property developers are not going to roll over for a man who is quite simply the worst.
Kev and V selling marijuana and keeping the bar open during the pandemic were not in the least bit surprising. They've broken many rules over the years.
And I dare say their decision to keep the bar opened on the down-low is due to the crippling financial burden closing up shop puts on them.
Even though they have the gym and the bar, they still struggle to make ends meet at the best of times.
What did you think of the return? Are you digging the new storylines, or do you feel like the show has run its course?
Hit the comments.
Shameless continues Sundays at 9/8c on Showtime.
source https://www.tvfanatic.com/2020/12/shameless-season-11-episode-1-review-this-is-chicago/
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Die Theologie der Evangelikalen driftet auseinander – Hanniel bloggt.
The problem with post-conservative Meliorism is not just what its leaders are now saying; it is that their approach will lead both themselves and their students further and further afield from historic orthodoxy. There are three reasons for this. First, Meliorists exalt experience at the expense of cognitive understanding or doctrine. Olson says that the essence of authentic faith is a distinctive spirituality "rather than" correct doctrine. Orthopraxy is "prior to" orthodoxy, the main purpose of revelation is transformation rather than information, and doctrine is "secondary" to evangelical experience. Leading Meliorist thinkers speak of experience as "confirming" belief rather than supplying it, but this exaltation of experience over doctrine may lead them to look to experience as a source of doctrine, thus travelling by the experiential expressivist route to liberal Protestantism.
Es beelendet mich, wenn ich diese Entwicklung in unseren Gemeinden mitverfolge. Manchmal fürchte ich mich vor der neuen Generation von Predigern, welche die neuen Dogmen enthusiastisch lehren. Und die Schäfchen, der Bibel schon länger entwöhnt und an Programme gewöhnt, folgen brav.
Wie sieht ein Schul-Curriculum aus, das Gottes Geschichte mit dem Menschen zum Zentrum macht?


text:
Second to Safety - Esther
February 22, 2020 By Casey Gallenberger in Reviews | 2 Comments
Label: Independent
Draw the Blinds
Monachopsis
To Be Beautiful
I am Ralph Waldo Emerson, Descending from Moksha
Nestled in the south hills of Pittsburgh sits the home of Second to Safety, an unassuming group of punk rockers with a penchant for philosophy and a sound that blends elements of math rock, pop punk, and dreamy lofi.
Second to Safety's sound has continued to adapt and change over the years, but their roots can be traced back to Geneva College in the mid-2010s when principle members Zack Bowman and Sean Dekonty, both vocalists and guitarists, met and bonded over a shared love for music and the deeper things in life.
Esther is simply one fruit of this season. Morning Approaches, the band's debut album, was noisy, rambunctious, unrestrained. However, Esther is more focused, self-aware, and intentional. The album exist in three acts, each consisting of three songs. The album's title, as well as lyrical themes, are tied to Geneva College professor Esther Lightcap Meek's writings. And yes, she knows about the album (and endorses it).
The album opens with the sound of birds chirping – it's something that's tied into the artwork and is also present at the end, ultimately creating a cyclical listening experience. It seems appropriate for a song called "Signs of Life" – that is, until you get to the chorus. "There are no signs of life here," the band notes. The track oscillates between fear and forced hopefulness, and that's reflected in the music as well. Most of the song is upbeat and pretty catchy, but there's a pseudo-breakdown with a bit of screaming that comes in from left field to help reinforce some of the intensity of the lyrics. The world is in disrepair and no one wants to face it. The result is a cognitive dissonance that resounds in "Then I guess I need to be the one to act."
"Draw the Blinds" was the first single off the album, released last fall. Musically, it's not too distant from the sound found on the band's Fine EP (2018). A technical, heavy intro bleeds into a stripped-back first verse peppered with tight drums. The chorus is high-energy, mixing whirlwind guitars, a tight rhythm section, and the distressed refrain, "You spend your whole life on the couch." Much like its predecessor, it acknowledges the passivity of life and the duplicitous nature of people regarding their beliefs and stances on issues. It's certainly one of the more aggressive tracks, but fans of skate punk and post-hardcore will feel at home.
Things take an interesting turn on "Monachopsis", a track whose backbone frankly doesn't feel far from "lofi beats to study to". It's fairly barren with minimalist drums and jazzy guitar. Once again, the lyrics are centered on brokenness and the inability to escape a fallen world. "Everything around me falls apart." A spoken word segue leads into a full-band end that is quite certainly the heaviest moment on the whole album. In fact, it's the sort of thing you'd expect from The Chariot.
Act II takes a turn from some of the heavier elements, opting more for an indie rock sound. It's this part of the album that is arguably packed with the catchiest bits of the albums. "August 2004" is a Motherfolk-esque track that, while still bearing its teeth at times, is bound to be an instant favorite. "Alone" is another track that plays off the lofi sound, this time with a piano as the lead instrument, but it toys with xylophone and ethereal vocal harmonies for a result that almost has a Sparrow Sleeps vibe. "To Be Beautiful" is the flagship single and certainly holds its spot as one of the tightest, catchiest songs on the album.
"Esther" opens with a tight, staccato guitar harmony that solidifies it as one of the most compelling guitar lines on the album. In fact, this track thrives off intricacy. Falsetto and vocal harmonies are sprinkled in which add an extra layer of depth to already-strong parts. The gang vocal feels more like a choir than a group of people shouting. It's a dynamic track that has no trouble passing between crescendos and quieter parts.
"I am Ralph Waldo Emerson, Descending from Moksha" is the most experimental track track by far. The instrumentation is an alien-like bed of electronic sounds, feedback, and indiscernible noise. This is paired with an a capella vocal part the is paired with layers of harmony at its close. It's the third track so far that deviates from the band's more conventional rock formula, and while it does fit thematically, it arguably is one of the weaker points to the album.
Of course, to argue the band is cutting corners is null and void when it comes to the closing track, "Copperhead". This behemoth is over 12 minutes long, and it more than makes up for the brevity of some of these other tracks. In fact, it feels like something that could have potentially been broken up into multiple songs given the band's penchant for seamlessly blending one song into another. Nonetheless, it works as one solid piece that naturally covers a LOT of ground. Expansive instrumental parts are juxtaposed against sections that manage to cover the entire spectrum of the band's sound. The lyrics speak to taking flight, again calling back to the bird imagery that we see on the album art. It's also a thematic contrast to the first act and the feelings of being defeated and stuck without hope. One of the last segments of the track is a reprise of "Signs of Life", swapping in new lyrics to augment this hopefulness. Then, just as the album began, birds chirp as the music fades out.
Esther is the sort of album that's worth waiting for, and I say this as someone who has heard it for the first time months ago. There's so much to unpack on each track, but at its core, it's an album that is intuitively good, even if it's hard to articulate why. It's thoughtful, it has a cohesive narrative and recurring motifs, it's relevant, and it isn't afraid to take risks. While I can't help but question some of the choices on the album, I still respect them and have enough sensibility to see how they align with the greater picture of the album's story. Esther is much more than a passable rock record; instead, it's bound to be a highlight release of the year with its mix of technicality, pop sensibility, lofi experimentation, and high production. Hopefully, this is the release that skyrockets Second to Safety into the public eye.
Esther will be available on 2/28.
Noah Hardwick
I got to say I wasn't expecting this album to be quite so diverse and experimental.
You hit the nail on the head with the Motherfolk comparison on August 2004 by the way.
I've never listened to them before, but hearing "To Be Beautiful" now coupled with your review, I'm super excited for this!
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10. Every time we bless someone by our giving…it raises our level of living.
8. Confidence will take you places doubt never will. Confidence in Him makes you a winner in life…no matter…what you're facing.
7. What we believe on the inside…will determine what we achieve on the outside.
6. If you don't like the way your world is at the moment, change it. God has given you the ability to do just that through His Word.
4. When you increase what you know…there's no limit to where you can go.
3. Time is the currency of your life…spend it wisely.