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IPB Office Berlin
Disarmament for Development
Sign: Diplomacy, No to War on the Korean Peninsula
Diplomacy, No to War on the Korean Peninsula
1. IPB condemns U.S., North Korean and other nations' development possession and threats to initiate nuclear war, as well as any threats to initiate so-called "conventional" war. We demand a diplomatic and non-coercive resolution of the U.S.-Korean crisis.
2. The current U.S.-DPRK crisis and the unacceptable humanitarian consequences of wars and nuclear war lead us to urgently call for an end to military threats and for diplomatic resolution of the crisis. There are no military solutions to this nuclear confrontation.
IPB has long opposed the development, possession, threat and use of nuclear weapons by any state. It has demanded and pressed for the complete elimination of nuclear weapons as called for in the United Nations General Assembly's first resolution, in numerous subsequent General Assembly resolutions, Article VI of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, the International Court of Justice's 1996 Advisory Opinion on the Use and Threatened Use of Nuclear weapons, and in the Nuclear Weapons Prohibition Treaty. It has similarly opposed militarism, wars of intervention, and coercion designed to establish or to reinforce hegemonic rule by foreign nations.
These commitments lead the IPB to strongly condemn North Korea's nuclear and missile testing, US nuclear intimidation, provocative military exercises and threats to initiate nuclear or other preemptive military attacks against North Korea.
The cycle of reciprocal provocations and rhetorical threats by the U.S. and North Korean governments risk moving beyond control. Such threats can create political dynamics that lead governmental officials to escalate tensions or to initiate military actions. In the context of heightened nuclear alerts, the danger of nuclear accidents or miscalculation greatly increases the dangers of war and nuclear war. In the Northeast Asian context, a U.S.-North Korean military conflict could have disastrous consequences in South Korea, Japan and other Asian and Pacific nations. It could also draw in other nuclear-armed states, Russia, China, and NATO.
With growing fears arising from the crisis, there are increasing and dangerous calls by sectors of elites and popular opinion in Japan and South Korea for their countries to become nuclear powers. North East Asia is now the region in greatest danger of nuclear proliferation. Such developments would increase the possibility of nuclear war and seriously undermine the nonproliferation regime.
3. Diplomacy and mutual restraint are now imperative. Additional nuclear weapons tests by North Korea threaten the release of poisonous radioactive materials that would impact its people, and those of neighboring nations and beyond. Further threats and greater isolation of North Korea through ratcheting up sanctions will obstruct rather than encourage diplomatic engagement and solutions.
The 6 Party talks on Korean denuclearisation are the only existing multilateral framework for negotiations. IPB supports any bilateral or multilateral initiatives to resume these or other talks to advance their key aims.
Securing regional stability also depends on negotiation of a peace treaty to end the Korean war and, ultimately, negotiation of a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in North East Asia.
IPB appreciates that some level of communication between the U.S. and North Korean governments is being maintained via North Korea's delegation to the United Nations. It welcomes the U.N. Secretary-General's offer to assist in negotiations and his call for the resumption of the Six Party Talks, as well as those of the European Union, and the Chinese and Russian governments.
Russia and China, and much of civil society have called for a "freeze for freeze" with the US and Allies suspending military rehearsals for war and North Korea halting its missile and nuclear weapons tests. This appears to be the most promising path to reducing tensions and creating the environment in which negotiations can proceed to finally end the Korean War, and lead to the full implementation of previous agreements for the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. These in turn can contribute to the further negotiation of a new regional security mechanism to address the security concerns of all and to a Northeast Asia Nuclear Weapons Free Zone.
4. IPB therefore urgently demands that:
* the U.S. and North Korean governments unconditionally agree to engage in negotiations to defuse the crisis
* governments around the world, and the United Nations explicitly reject a military solution to the Korean conflict, oppose the ongoing accumulation of military assets and forces on and around the peninsula; oppose sanctions with damaging humanitarian consequences, and call for mutual restraint as a necessary first step back towards diplomacy and the resumption of the Six Party Talks.
5. We call on IPB member organizations to take up the issue as a matter of urgency, and encourage their members to endorse this statement with its call for mutual restraint through a 'freeze for freeze' and a return to diplomacy to achieve denuclearisation and a peace settlement.
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Securing regional stability also depends on negotiation of a peace treaty to end to the Korean war and, ultimately, negotiation of a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in North East Asia.
IPB appreciates that some level of communication between the U.S. and North Korean governments is being maintained via North Korea's delegation to the United Nations. It welcomes the U.N. Secretary-General's offer to assist in negotiations and his call for the resumption of the Six Party Talks, as well as those of those of the European Union, and the Chinese and Russian governments.
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Baltimore Car Accident Lawyer
Bicycle and Pedestrian Accidents in Maryland and Washington, D.C.
Bicycle and pedestrian accidents are among the types of accidents that are most likely to result in death or catastrophic injury. In theory, personal injury law provides accident victims with the right to full compensation for their injuries. Nevertheless, a loophole exists in Maryland law that can make it quite difficult for the victim of a bicycle or pedestrian accident to recover any damages at all. D.C. recently revised its law to remove this loophole.
Contributory Negligence and Shared Fault Scenarios
Both Maryland and D.C, along with only a handful of other U.S. jurisdictions, apply the doctrine of contributory negligence to personal injury law. Under contributory negligence doctrine, the victim is denied all compensation if he was even slightly at fault for the accident.
Suppose, for example, that a pedestrian waited for the ?walk? signal before entering the crosswalk and was struck by a car. Would the fact that it was nighttime and the pedestrian was wearing dark clothing mean that the accident was at least one percent his fault? If so, he would recover nothing under Maryland law.
D.C., by contrast, has limited contributory negligence for victims of pedestrian and bicycle accidents. What this means is that, in D.C., a pedestrian or a bicyclist may only be barred from recovering damages if his own negligence was (1) a proximate cause of the injury and (2) greater than the negligence of the defendant. This exception applies only to pedestrians, bicyclists, and users of non-motorized vehicles. If the driver of the car that hit the pedestrian also suffered damages, she would likely be barred from recovery under the standard contributory negligence rule.
Causes of Bicycle Accidents
Some of the most common causes of bicycle accidents include:
The cyclist was in the motorist?s blind spot (if you can?t see his mirrors, he can?t see you!)
The motorst did not see the bicyclist because of inattention
?Road hog? motorists
The motorist turned left without signaling
The cyclist tried to pass the motorist
The cyclist ignored the rules of the road (by running stop lights, etc.)
Causes of Pedestrian Accidents
Some of the most common causes of pedestrian accidents include:
Failure to stop before the crosswalk
Failure to see the pedestrian
Failure to look in the rear-view mirror when backing up
Speeding or driving too fast for the conditions (in icy weather, for example)
Running a stop sign or a red light
Pedestrian jaywalking (especially near university campuses)
If a bicyclist or pedestrian dies in an accident caused by someone else, a wrongful death claim may arise in favor of his probate estate and close surviving family members. Damages in wrongful death cases can be substantial. Nevertheless, contributory negligence still applies in Maryland.
What kind of insurance covers bicycle accidents?
Cyclists injured in bicycle accidents frequently recover compensation from:
Automobile insurance;
Homeowners? insurance; or
Health insurance.
Check your policy language for details. If you were hit by a car, you might also be able to recover from the automobile insurance policy of the at-fault driver via a third-party claim.
Does the accident victim automatically win by proving that the defendant was intoxicated at the time of the accident?
Not necessarily, although a victim does improve his chances of victory by proving intoxication. Two defenses might be available to the defendant: (i) the victim was partly at fault for the accident (see the discussion on contributory negligence above), or (ii) the defendant?s intoxication did not cause the accident (for example, a pedestrian victim darted out into the street chasing a basketball, so quickly that even a sober driver would not have had time to stop).
Does the victim have to prove his case beyond a reasonable doubt?
No. ?Beyond a reasonable doubt? is the standard for a criminal prosecution where the defendant?s liberty may be at stake, not a civil lawsuit where only money is at stake. A plaintiff in a civil case must only prove his case ?by a preponderance of the evidence,? which is close to a ?51 percent likelihood? or ?more likely than not? standard.
The defendant was acquitted in criminal court. Can the victim still win a civil lawsuit?
Yes, it is possible, although acquittal in a criminal court is certainly not good news. Because of the different standard of proof between a criminal prosecution and a civil trial (see above), it is possible to win a civil lawsuit even after an acquittal. This happened in the famous O.J. Simpson cases in the 1990s.
If you have suffered a bicyclist or pedestrian accident, contact Henderson Law, as soon as possible by contacting us online or calling (410) 721-1979. We handle cases throughout Maryland (including Baltimore and Annapolis) and Washington D.C.

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News Exposure provides robust and comprehensive TV and radio broadcast monitoring, Internet monitoring, LexisNexis/print monitoring, media intelligence and PR analysis. We also offer a media contacts database solution. News Exposure provides reports (including Nielsen audience numbers and Nielsen Radio numbers), TV clips, radio clips and Internet clips, as well as transcripts in Spanish, English and other languages.
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Q: Why is the first BIOS instruction located at 0xFFFFFFF0 ("top" of RAM)? I know that BIOS loads its first instruction from 0xFFFFFFF0, but why this specific address? I've a bunch of questions and hope you can help me with some of them, at least.
My questions:

*

*Why is the first BIOS instruction located at the "top" of a 4 GB RAM?

*What would happen if my computer only has 1 GB of RAM?

*What about systems with more than 4 GB of RAM (for example, 8 GB, 16 GB, etc.)?

*Why is the stack initialized with some value (in this case, a value located at 0xFFFFFFF0)?

I've read about that this afternoon, and I still don't get it.

A: 0xFFFFFFF0 is where an x86-compatible CPU starts executing instructions when it's powered on. That's a hardwired, unchangeable (without extra hardware) aspect of the CPU and different types of CPUs behave differently.

Why the first BIOS instruction is located at the "top" of a 4 GB RAM?

It's located at the "top" of 4 GB address space - and on power-on the BIOS or UEFI ROM is set to respond to reads of those addresses.
My theory on why this is:
Just about everything in programming works better with contiguous addresses. The CPU designer does not know what a system builder will want to do with the CPU, thus it's a bad idea for the CPU to require addresses smack in the middle of the space be required for various purposes. It's better to keep that "out of the way" at the top or bottom of the address space. Of course, keep in mind this decision was made when the 8086 was new, which did not have an MMU.
In the 8086, interrupt vectors existed at memory location 0 and above. Interrupt vectors need to be at known addresses and were desired to be in RAM for flexibility - yet it was not possible for the CPU designer to know how much RAM was going to be in a system. So starting from 0 and working up made sense for those (because no system in 1978 when the 8086 was invented would have 4 Gbytes of RAM - so expecting RAM to be at 0xFFFFFFF0 was not a good idea), and then ROM would have to be at the upper boundary.
Of course, starting with at least the 80286, interrupt vectors could be moved to a different starting location other than 0, but modern 64-bit x86 CPUs still boot up in 8086 mode, so everything still works the old way for compatibility (as ridiculous as it sounds in 2015 to still need your x86 CPU to be able to run DOS).
So since interrupt vectors start from 0 and work upward, ROM would have to start from the top and work downward.

What would happen if my computer has only 1 GB of RAM?

A 32-bit CPU has 4,294,967,296 addresses, numbered 0 (0x00000000) to 4294967295 (0xFFFFFFFF). ROM can live in some addresses and RAM can live in others. With the CPU's MMU this can even be switched on the fly. RAM does not have to live at all addresses.
With only 1 GB of RAM, some addresses will not have anything responding when they are read or written to. This can cause invalid data to be read when such addresses are accessed or a system lockup.

What about systems with more than 4 GB of RAM (e.g: 8 GB, 16 GB, etc.)?

Keeping it somewhat simple: 64-bit CPUs have more addresses (which is one of the things that makes them 64-bit - e.g. 0x0000000000000000 through 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) for example, so the extra RAM "fits". Assuming the CPU is in long mode. Until then the RAM is there, just not addressable.

Why is stack initialized with some value (in this case, a value located at 0xFFFFFFF0)?

I can't immediately find anything on what x86 assigns the stack pointer at power-on, but it would eventually have to be reassigned by an initialization routine anyway once that routine finds out how much RAM is in the system.  (@Eric Towers in the comments below reports that it is set to zero on power up.)

A: upon RESET an 8088/8086 compatible cpu executes the instructions at 0FFFF0, which is 16 bytes below the 1 megabyte limit. normally the ROM at this location (in PC implementations) would be the BIOS, so at the end of the BIOS ROM, there is a jump to the start of the BIOS rom.
shown here: start vector and 'date' signature behind it, IBM 5150 PC 8KB eprom dump bios date: 10/19/1981
00001FEE  FF                db 0xff
00001FEF  FF                db 0xff
00001FF0  EA5BE000F0        jmp word 0xf000:0xe05b
00001FF5  3130              xor [bx+si],si
00001FF7  2F                das
00001FF8  3139              xor [bx+di],di

note that the addressing are of an 8KB $2000 rom, which places the start address (the absolute far JMP, to whichever other location, in this case within the 8KB rom itself, although not the lowest possible address within that rom) at $FFFF:$0 segmented or $FFFF0 linear.
as for compatibility: if some 'future' or current processor 'expects' it to have a whole lot more F's in front of the address, that doesn't matter. for compatibility of newer cpus in older systems the additional address lines remain unconnected and therefore the data on the databus is exactly the same. as long as the least significant bits remain FFFF0.
(in a system with just 1mb ram and the rom positioned in the end of that ram, and nothing else, it'll happily 'think' it's talking to the higher address yet get the exact same data, because those implementations have never heard of address lines higher than A19)
take note that the world is not just 'pcs'... the ibm pc was an 'accident', these processors were never specifically designed for 'pcs' and go into a whole lot of more things than just pcs (such as satellites, weapons sytems, etc). 32 and 64bit protected mode are usually -not- desired. (virtual 8086 mode is a lot more interesting as a reason to pick a newer (386+) version for example). therefore there is a lot more to 'backwards compatibility' than just 'will it run dos'.

A: My teory is because we are using negative logic the digital one (1) is no tension at all (O volts) We only have to put tension on the last 4 bits at initialization so the program counter (or Instruction pointer) lacates at 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000. We don't have to address the upper 28 bits since most (old) cpu's) were 16 bits and the lower nibbles can be addressed by a single address chip in the old days. Now since we have 64 bits with compatibility to 32 bits and 32 bits to 16 bits, the hardware couild have been improved but the method stays.  Also bioses aren't always 64 bits or 32 bits programmed.
My opinion is also since memories aren't always the same, the bios must be located at the same first segment.  The way we see the bios addressed isn't the real address all the time.
Just a taught of me ...

A: It isn't located at the top of RAM; it is located in ROM whose address is at the top of the memory address space, along with any memory on expansion cards, like Ethernet controllers.  It is there so that it won't conflict with RAM, at least until you have 4 GB installed. Systems that have 4 GB or more of RAM can do two things to resolve the conflict. Cheap motherboards simply ignore the parts of RAM that conflict with where the ROM is located. Decent ones remap that RAM to appear to have an address above the 4 GB mark.
I'm not sure what you are asking about the stack. It certainly isn't initialized to be in ROM. When the CPU resets, it is initially in "real mode", where it acts just like the original 8086 and uses 16-bit segmented addressing, allowing it only to access 1 MB of memory. The BIOS code is located at top of that 1 MB. The BIOS picks somewhere in RAM to set up the stack and loads and executes the first sector of the first bootable drive. It is up to the OS to switch into 32 or 64-bit mode once it takes over and set up its own stacks (one per task/thread).

A: First, this has nothing to do with RAM, really. We're talking about address space here - even if you only have 16 MiB of memory, you still have the full 32 bits of address space on a 32-bit CPU.
This already answers your first question, really - at the time this was designed, real world PCs had nowhere near the full 4 GiB of memory; they were more in the range of 1-16 MiB of memory. The address space was, for all intents and purposes, free.
Now, why 0xFFFFFFF0 exactly? The CPU doesn't know how much of the BIOS there is. Some BIOSes may only take a few kilobytes, while others may take full megabytes of memory - and I'm not even getting into the various optional RAMs. The CPU must be hardwired to some address to start on - there's noöne to configure the CPU. But this is only a mapping of the address space - the address is mapped directly into the BIOS ROM chip (yes, this means you don't get access to the full 4 GiB of RAM at this point if you do have that many - but that isn't anything special, many devices require their own range in address space). On a 32-bit CPU, this address gives you full 16 bytes to do the very basic initialization - which is enough to setup your segments and, if needed, address mode (remember, x86 boots in 16-bit real mode - the address space isn't flat) and do a jump to the real boot "procedure". At this point, you don't use RAM at all - it's all just mapped ROM. In fact, RAM isn't even ready to be used at this point - that's one of the jobs of the BIOS POST! Now, you might be thinking - how does a 16-bit real mode access the address 0xFFFFFFF0? Sure, there's segments, so you have 20-bit address space, but that still isn't good enough. Well, there's a trick to it - the 12 high bits of the address are set until you execute your first long jump, giving you access to the high address space (while rejecting access to anything lower than 0xFFF00000 - until you execute a long jump).
All this are the things that are mostly hidden from programmers (not to mention users) on modern operating systems. You usually don't have any access to anything so low level - some things are already beyond salvage (you can't switch CPU modes willy-nilly), some are exclusively handled by the OS kernel.
So a nicer view comes from old-school coding on MS DOS. Another typical example of device memory being directly mapped to address space is direct access to video memory. For example, if you wanted to write text to the display fast, you wrote directly to address B800:0000 (plus offset - in 80x25 text mode, this meant (y * 80 + x) * 2 if my memory serves me right - two bytes per character, line by line). If you wanted to draw pixel-by-pixel, you used a graphics mode and the start address of A000:0000 (typically, 320x200 at 8 bits per pixel). Doing anything high-performance usually meant diving into device manuals, to figure out how to access them directly.
This survives to this day - it's just hidden. On Windows, you can see the memory addresses  mapped to devices in the Device manager - just open properties of something like your network card, go to the Resources tab - all the Memory Range  items are mappings from device memory to your main address space. And on 32-bit, you'll see that most of those devices are mapped above the 2 GiB (later 3 GiB) mark - again, to minimize conflicts with user-useable memory, though this is not really an issue with virtual memory (applications don't get anywhere near the real, hardware address space - they have their own virtualized chunk of memory, which might be mapped to RAM, ROM, devices or the page file, for example).
As for the stack, well, it should help to understand that by default, stack grows from the top. So if you do a push, the new stack pointer will be at 0xFFFFFEC - in other words, you're not trying to write to the BIOS init address :) Which of course means that the BIOS init routines can use the stack safely, before remapping it somewhere more useful. In old-school programming, before paging became the de facto default, the stack usually started on the end of RAM, and "stack overflow" happened when you started overwriting your application memory. Memory protection changed a lot of this, but in general, it maintains backwards compatibility as much as possible - note how even the most modern x86-64 CPU can still boot MS DOS 5 - or how Windows can still run many DOS applications that have no idea about paging.

A: In addition to the other points mentioned, it may be helpful to understand what an address is.  While newer architectures complicate things, historically a machine would on each memory cycle output the desired address on 20 to 32 wires (depending upon the architecture, with some special tricks to note whether it needed to a pair or foursome of bytes simultaneously); various parts of the memory system would examine the state of those wires and activate themselves when they saw certain combinations of high and low values.
If a machine with 32 address wires only needed to use 1MB of RAM and 64KB
of ROM [quite plausible for some embedded controllers] it might activate
the RAM for all addresses where the top address wire was low and the ROM
for all addresses where it was high.  The bottom 20 address wires would
then be tied to the RAM to select one of 1,048,576 bytes and the bottom
16 would be wired to the ROM as well, to select one of 65,536 bytes.
The remaining 11 address wires would simply be not be connected to
anything.
On such a machine, accesses to addresses 0x00100000-0x001FFFFF would be
equivalent to accesses to RAM addresses 0x00000000-0x000FFFFF.  Likewise
with addresses 0x000200000-0x0002FFFFF, or 0x7FF00000-0x7FFFFFFFF.
Addresses above 0x80000000 would all read ROM, with a 64K pattern
repeating throughout the space.
Even though the processor has a 4,294,967,296-byte address space, there's
no need to have hardware recognize that many distinct addresses.  Putting
the reset vector near the top of the address space is a design that will
work well regardless of how much or how little RAM and ROM the system
has and avoids the need to fully decode the address space.

A: The motherboard ensures that the instruction at the reset vector is a jump to the memory location mapped to the BIOS entry point. This jump implicitly clears the hidden base address present at power up. All of these memory locations have the right contents needed by the CPU thanks to the memory map kept by the chipset. They are all mapped to flash memory containing the BIOS since at this point the RAM modules have random crap in them.

A: the iAPx86 family is a generic chipset that went into a whole lot of other things besides the ibm pc (which kinda randomly decided to simply buy intels chipset (although not the complete set as intel intended it to be used) and build a pc out of it.
having the start address at the top (the start address should always be rom) removes the need to decode the additional address lines (you can simply take an 8088, some bus demultiplexing logic, and a 512 bytes (yes that's bytes, not kilo or mega ;) rom, hook it up from $0000-$0200 and the start address will still be $001F0 (topmost bits all '1', least significant nibble all zeros). simply leaving the rest of the address bus unconnected.
the vast majority of cpu families have reset vectors or a starting address at the highest address locations as in systems which don't just have rom but ram as well you normally place the ram at the bottom and the rom at the top. (if the system is supposed to be expandable in either aspect, leaving a gap in the middle ;)
i/o has it's own selection pin and instructions (IN/OUT) and thus is not part of normal address space in most intel iAPx86 implementations.
but anyway. short story: 1111111111111110000 is always 'some 1's followed by 4 zeroes. thus the highest address-16 you have in your rom. if the cpu wants '111111111111110000' and you only have '111110000' lines connected, that's still the same to the cpu. no need to decode the rest of the bus pins whatsoever.

A: Because when the address space increase in hardware, the bios program doesn't have to be updated. Even if the memory on the bios itself is increased, no need to update bios code. This is an exploit of the fact that address bus is pulled to ground and will be 1's if the address decoder doesn't pull them up to VCC. Logically 1's are electrically 0 and logically 0's are electrically 1's on the address bus.

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If you examine almost any sport today, you will see that strength training plays a prominent role. There are many reasons for this, but the bottom line is that athletes and coaches have found that you can perform better with greater strength.
For years runners have been told to run more in order to get in shape and to improve their performance. One merely has to look in most running magazines and books to see that for the most part they only recommend some form of running. For example, to improve speed they may recommend hill running, tempo running, sprint running, interval training; to improve endurance, they recommend long runs, and so on.
Doing more running training to improve running, however, often leads to injury because the running does not make muscles stronger; its main benefits are in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. For beginners, running will enhance strength of the muscles as the body adapts to the new activity. Once the runner achieves a steady running pace in his workouts, however, there will not be any further increases in strength.
When runners undertake to run more or to run faster, they often become injured because the muscles are not prepared for the increased intensity of the activity. This is why it is especially important to physically prepare the muscles for any increase in running speed or distance.
When you go beyond your physical abilities and become injured, it will set you back in your running more than if you took a little extra time to do some strength training to prevent injury. All too often runners undertake a strength training program only when forced to do so in rehabilitation. Once rehabilitated, they begin to run at their regular speed and ignore the strength training. In time, they begin to feel so good from development of their aerobic abilities, they push themselves to go farther or faster, only to once again get injured.
In addition to preventing injury, strength training, particularly specialized strength training, has other benefits. If you are a serious runner and would like to run faster or farther you need greater strength endurance—especially of the hip flexor muscles—to be able to drive the thigh forward the same way and through the same range of motion (ROM) on each stride in order to maintain your speed. From analyzing hundreds of runners from the 1500 meters and longer, the number-one reason for slowing down is the inability to continually drive the thigh forward through the same ROM. As a result, stride length decreases and the pace becomes slower. Thus, even doing just one exercise to strengthen the hip flexor muscles as they perform in running will enhance your running greatly. Doing other exercises for some of the other key joint actions will likewise improve your performance.
To run faster and/or farther you should do joint-specific strength exercises. It is not pure strength that you should seek but strength endurance, i.e. the ability to continually execute the joint actions over the distance in the same manner. In this case you do higher numbers of repetitions with ample resistance.
When discussing strength, it is necessary to separate general from specialized strength training. In the former you develop the muscles in a general manner. Your main objective is to strengthen all of the major muscles of the body. General exercises make you more fit and are the ones typically done by runners who go on a strength training program. Many find that it improves their running mainly because of their better fitness.
To have the greatest improvement in your running performance, however, you should do specialized strength training in which the exercises duplicate the same neuromuscular pathways that occur in the running stride. For example, in a forward knee-drive exercise, using rubber tubing for resistance, the thigh moves in the same pathway (movement pattern) as it does during the run, i.e. from behind the body to in front of the body. However, a common general exercise to strengthen the hip flexors is done by raising the thigh directly upward. This strengthens the hip flexors, but not as they are involved in the run.
The exercise must also develop strength over the same range of motion as is displayed in the running stride. For example, development of hip-flexor strength should begin with the thigh behind the body moving to approximately 45 degrees in front of the body. This is the range over which the muscles act in the run. It is also why hill running does not directly improve your running on level ground. It strengthens the hip flexors mostly in a thigh-upward rather than a thigh-forward driving action.
The strength exercise must involve the same type of muscular contraction as that used in the running stride. In the case of the hip flexors, this means that you must drive the thigh forward quickly at the beginning of the movement, after which it moves forward via momentum. It is not slow strength that you need to develop (although this is beneficial in the initial stages of training), but a more powerful muscular contraction at the initiation of the movement.
Strength training can also be used to attain, modify or change running technique. For example, a coach may tell you to assume an erect posture with the chest out. However, if you do not have sufficient lower back strength, it is impossible to maintain an erect running posture, and the recommendation is wasted.
When you do specialized strength training, in particular the conjugate method in which you work on certain aspects of technique together with strength, you get immediate improvement. For example, my analysis shows that Deena Kaster, our premier marathoner, has a flaw in her running technique; a pronounced heel hit in comparison with others of her caliber. If she did the pawback exercise (hip extension), she could develop the strength needed to pull the leg down and back to make contact with the ground as it occurs in effective running. She would also develop a feel for the action so that it could then be more easily incorporated into the total run. In this case, the exercise not only helps with what proper technique feels like, but also the strength needed to execute the movements required to improve your running performance.
If you are not interested in becoming a better runner, then you should just continue doing what you are doing now. If you want to become a better runner, capable of running faster and/or farther without injury, you should strength train. General strength training has value, but specific strength training that enhances the ability of the muscles to perform as they do in running, is the most effective.
Michael Yessis, Ph.D., is a professor emeritus in biomechanics and kinesiology at California State University, Fullerton and author of Explosive Running and Build a Better Athlete.
In promoting strength training for distance runners, Dr. Yessis has missed the central issue—he makes no mention of the role oxygen delivery and use plays in running performance. Physiologists have known since the 1920s that the ability of muscles to perform endurance work depends on the delivery of oxygen to those muscles and their capacity to use the available oxygen. Strength training, with or without specific running movements, will not improve your 10K time. Increasing your running training has a greater chance of doing so.
Repeating the idea that "doing more running training to improve running often leads to injury," Dr. Yessis assumes that injury is an inevitable result of running more. However, if you train smart by increasing your mileage and intensity in small increments and adequately recover between workouts, injury is not inevitable. Some coaches believe that injuries are unavoidable since the only way to find where the subtle line between doing the most you can do to improve your performance and becoming injured is to cross it. When viewed from this perspective, becoming injured is not necessarily a bad thing, as it provides you with important knowledge.
Dr. Yessis limits running's benefits to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. But there are many musculoskeletal benefits as well, including increases in mitochondrial and capillary density, muscular endurance, and bone density, and the increase in muscle power that comes from running intervals.
Dr. Yessis seems to confuse the cause and effect of fatigue, stating that " . . . the number one reason for slowing down is the inability of the runner to continually drive the thigh forward through the same range of motion (ROM). As a result, stride length decreases and the run becomes slower." Runners do not slow down because of their inability to drive the thigh forward. They slow down because both central nervous system fatigue and the prevailing metabolic condition caused by running fast (including acidosis and other metabolic byproducts implicated by researchers in causing muscle fatigue) diminish muscle fiber recruitment and contraction. The decreased ability to drive the thigh forward and the resulting decrease in stride length are merely the observable effects of this fatigue. While Dr. Yessis seems to think that strength training is the antidote to shortened stride length, improving your cardiorespiratory system's ability to supply more oxygen to your muscles is a more powerful antidote.
Dr. Yessis assumes that his method of strength training will increase muscle mass. You will only increase your muscle mass if you lift heavy weights, which contradicts his recommendation and, as a distance runner, you don't want to gain strength by adding more muscle mass since that would increase the metabolic cost of running. There's a reason why the best distance runners in the world are very light. You want to increase strength (or rather, power) by training your neuromuscular system to recruit more muscle fibers more quickly. That's why plyometrics are effective.
Dr. Yessis promulgates the often-heard advice that runners should "do higher numbers of repetitions with ample resistance." But research does not support this type of strength training to improve running performance, especially for runners who are already highly trained. Certainly, running 40 compared to 20 miles a week provides enough repetitions to improve muscular endurance.
If you really want to improve your running performance, ask yourself if you're currently running as much or incorporating all the different types of running you could. Strength training may have its place, but not until you have already maximized your running or cannot physically handle any more.


text:
PDC*line Pharma opens last cohort of PDC-LUNG-101 clinical trial
B2 cohort (high dose added to anti-PD-1) of the PDC-LUNG-101 trial with PDC*lung01 therapeutic cancer vaccine candidate for non-small cell lung cancer has been opened and first patients were dosed
Liège, Belgium and Grenoble, France, November 4, 2021 – PDC*line Pharma, a clinical stage biotech company developing a new class of potent and scalable active immunotherapies for cancers, today announces that the last cohort of patients has been opened and the first patients were dosed, in the PDC-LUNG-101 phase I/II clinical trial (NCT03970746) with PDC*lung01, the company's therapeutic cancer vaccine candidate for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
PDC*lung01 is a cell suspension of a mix, in the same proportion, of seven active agents - made of irradiated human plasmacytoïd dendritic cells (PDC*line), loaded separately with a distinct synthetic human leukocyte antigen serotype-restricted peptide - (HLA-A*02:01), encoded by a tumor antigen. PDC*line is a potent professional antigen-presenting cell that is able to prime and boost the antitumor cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells in the patient's immune system.
The objectives of the phase I/II trial (PDC-LUNG-101) are to assess the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and preliminary clinical activity of the drug candidate PDC*lung01, associated or not with anti-PD-1 treatment in NSCLC patients. PDC*lung01 will be administered to 62 evaluable HLA-A*02:01 positive NSCLC patients at two dose levels in two different settings: as a single agent to adjuvant patients (A1: Low Dose, A2: High Dose), or added to standard of care anti-PD-1 monotherapy to patients with first-line stage IV (metastatic) NSCLC disease (B1: Low Dose, B2: High Dose).
Following the completion of the first three cohorts (A1, A2 and B1), the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) assessed all safety parameters. As no dose-limiting toxicity or other safety signals were observed, it allowed the opening of the last cohort, B2.
This cohort of 42 evaluable patients will assess PDC*lung01 at 'High Dose' added to pembrolizumab in monotherapy in a first line Stage IV setting.
The first patient dosed in the B2 cohort is under the supervision of Dr Kristof Cuppens, medical oncologist at the Jessa Ziekenhuis Hospital in Hasselt (Belgium). Currently, there are clinical sites open in France, Belgium and Germany.
"This is a very interesting trial with PDC*lung01 vaccine, especially thanks to the potential to administer it in combination with anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Early data from the first three cohorts show a very mild safety profile and good patient acceptance," said Prof Vansteenkiste, head of clinic – respiratory oncology unit and trial unit - department of respiratory diseases (KU Leuven / Belgium) and chair of the DSMB.
"We are delighted to have achieved this new milestone in our NSCLC clinical trial, which is progressing well - despite the Covid-19 pandemic. We look forward to completing the B2 cohort, in order to assess the preliminary clinical activity of our vaccine in association with anti-PD1 immunotherapy in the target NSCLC population," said Eric Halioua, CEO of PDC*line Pharma.
"I would like to thank both the investigators and patients for their continued participation in the study. We are encouraged by the favorable safety profile, also in combination with anti-PD1. We are looking forward to opening new clinical centers in The Netherlands and Poland; ensuring a continued smooth enrolment for this target trial population," said Dr. Channa Debruyne, medical director of PDC*line Pharma.
See below the link for the PDF of the French and English versions of the Press Release
/sites/default/files/images/211104 PDCline last cohort B2_FR.pdf
/sites/default/files/images/211104 PDCline last cohort B2_EN.pdf


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Colthrop is a suburb of the town of Thatcham in the English county of Berkshire, England.

Geography
Colthrop is part of the civil parish of Thatcham. The settlement lies on the A4 road, and is the location of numerous industrial parks and haulage depots due to the area's proximity to Thatcham railway station. The industrial area was previously the site of the Colthrop paper mills.

Motor Insurers' Automotive Research Centre
The motor insurers' automotive research centre was established by the UK motor insurance industry in 1969. Its aim is to reduce or contain the cost of motor insurance claims in the UK whilst maintaining safety standards. It is based at Colthrop in Thatcham. The 'Thatcham categories' issued by the centre for vehicle immobilisers and alarms have become an industry standard since their launch in the 1990s.

References

External links

Thatcham
Villages in Berkshire
West Berkshire District

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Published: Monday 15 July 1996
Deer populations of Brazil have been on a steady decline due to loss of habitat and poaching by colonists. In the largest reservation of the South American continent in central-west Brazil, Xavante Indians occupy a natural area of 229,000 ha, bordering the Rio das Mortes, a principal tributary of the Araguaya river in the state of Mato Grosso.
This reservation, known as the Rio das Mortes Avante Reservation of Pimental Barbosa, stands as a model of preservation of natural areas through the use of-indigenous, traditional empirical knowledge. It shelters four species of deer - marsh deer, pampas deer, red-brocket and grey-brocket deer. Ninety per cent of the area's physiology is intact, but deer is one of the main diet of the Xavante and therefore it is hunted throughout the year.
A study carried out in 1991-93 found that hunting was concentrated in 30 per cent of the territory for many years and mainly two species of deer, the marsh and pampas deers were affected due to hunting. The tribal council voted against a hunting ban for certain species, and hunting was restricted to the borders of the territory or kept at a distance from the overhunted area. A rotative hunting system and tax exemption incentives will also be introduced. These initiatives have improved conditions for the recovery of the deer populations.
Brazil Deer Habitat Poaching The Fortnight The Fortnight The Fortnight The Fortnight


text:
@interface UIImage (ResizeMagick)

- (UIImage *) resizedImageByMagick: (NSString *) spec;
- (UIImage *) resizedImageByWidth:  (NSUInteger) width;
- (UIImage *) resizedImageByHeight: (NSUInteger) height;
- (UIImage *) resizedImageWithMaximumSize: (CGSize) size;
- (UIImage *) resizedImageWithMinimumSize: (CGSize) size;

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to pause while the media scanner is running I have an application that shows, plays and delete videos. I want to know that how to pause the current thread or processing while the media scanner is running. it takes about 4 to 7 seconds for media scanner to complete its activity..
any suggestions

A: If I understood you correctly you just need to implement the OnScanCompletedListener.
If not, add some code to clarify your question.

A: So if you want to know when the media scanner is done you have to register BroadcastReceiver which will listen for ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_FINISHED. Here is good presentation that gives good explanation of Intent, IntentFilter and BroadcastReceiver.

A: I use this code:)
while(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
                System.out.println("wait sdcard mount.");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }


Smith-Edwards-Dunlap, one of Philadelphia's most comprehensive commercial printing companies, offers high-end sell sheet printing, which promotes your company's products or services through bold and artistic design. The human eye is attracted to prominent visual displays that convey information quickly through effective layout. Any information that a potential customer could want is immediately available in a SED-printed sell sheet.
At Smith-Edwards-Dunlap, we design dynamically for clients who do not provide their own designs. SED houses experienced designers, layout artists, and commercial printers who work with you for the purpose of understanding what you want and how to highlight your company's qualities in the best manner possible. Not only can SED design and print visually appealing sell sheets, but we do it at the speed you need to market effectively. From start to finish, Smith-Edwards-Dunlap ensures that your sell sheets are designed and printed with precision and care.
A professionally designed sell sheet printed with precision and clarity will get your business the attention it deserves.
At Smith-Edwards-Dunlap, we print sell sheets to your exact specifications. Matte or glossy stock, aqueous or high-gloss coating: What you want is what we print. However, we are pleased to offer clients our many years of technical know-how. SED's expert staff members can advise you as to what colors will work best or what type of coating, such as aqueous coating or varnish, might be most appealing to your customers.


text:
REACH Team Reaches Out To Victims of Gun Violence
By Catalina Villegas Watts
PUBLISHED 5:01 PM ET Feb. 14, 2019 PUBLISHED 5:01 PM EST Feb. 14, 2019
Jazlene is a studious 9-year-old with a passion for math; and the lessons she's learned in the classroom have made her wise beyond her years.
Pilot program takes a proactive approach to responding to gun violence
Program provides mental health services and care packages to children exposed to trauma
Partnered with Children's Institute, LAPD, and City Attorney's office
"Even if you make a mistake, there is always next time to do something better or see if you understand it or see if you can go back," says Jazlene.
That's exactly what the City of Los Angeles is trying to do; fix the mistakes of the past and do better for children like Jazlene that have been exposed to gun violence.
Her mother, Yvette grew up in Watts, and the gun violence she was exposed to has marked her life for years.
"When I was 5-years-old we would sleep on the floor, not because we didn't have bed, but because we would do it for safety reasons because of the drive-bys," says Yvette.
That's where the REACH Team comes in.
The pilot program takes a proactive approach to healing, by responding within 24 hours to an area where a child was affected by a shooting. The team literally reaches out to them, gives them care packages and informs them of this new free mental health service available to help children with this type of trauma.
The program was announced in September of 2018 through the city attorney's office, when they secured a $150,000 grant. They then partnered with Children's institute and Los Angeles Police Department.
Lt. Brooks of the LAPD says this program will help change the culture of the Watts community:
"Normally when we respond, we're looking for the victim to take care of, for the suspect to take them in to custody, and we're walking by all these little casualties of war who have seen it, and what we realize now is that hurt people hurt others."
To keep them from doing so, the REACH Team has signed up nine children so far and are on their way to reach their goal of 50.
Yvette has decided to raise her daughter in the same area as she grew up in, but she says that she strives every day to create a different normal for her daughter than the one she grew up with.
"South L.A. is a beautiful community and it has so much to offer its residents … I want her to grow up loving and being proud of being a resident of South L.A," said Yvette.


text:
37 U.S. 1 (1838) United States v. Laub
37 U.S. 11 (1838) Lessee of Swayze v. Burke
37 U.S. 27 (1838) United States v. Woolsey
37 U.S. 32 (1838) Bank of the United States v. Daniel
37 U.S. 59 (1838) Bradstreet v. Thomas
37 U.S. 66 (1838) McKinney v. Carroll
37 U.S. 72 (1838) United States v. Coombs
37 U.S. 84 (1838) M'Niel v. Holbrook
37 U.S. 91 (1838) Georgetown v. Alexandria Canal Company
37 U.S. 101 (1838) West v. Brashear
37 U.S. 102 (1838) Beaston v. Farmers' Bank of Delaware
37 U.S. 140 (1838) Heirs of Wilson v. Life and Fire Insurance Company of New York
37 U.S. 143 (1838) Sarghet v. United States
37 U.S. 145 (1838) Scott v. Lloyd
37 U.S. 151 (1838) Zacharie v. Franklin
37 U.S. 164 (1838) Clarke Administrator of Wetmore v. Mathewson
37 U.S. 178 (1838) Clarke v. White
37 U.S. 201 (1838) Stelle v. Carroll
37 U.S. 207 (1838) Cunningham v. Jones
37 U.S. 215 (1838) United States v. Mills' Heirs
37 U.S. 218 (1838) Levy v. Arredondo
37 U.S. 221 (1838) Sons v. Batchelor
37 U.S. 234 (1838) Lyon v. Auchincloss
37 U.S. 238 (1838) White v. Turk
37 U.S. 241 (1838) Jenkins v. Pye
37 U.S. 264 (1838) Galloway v. Finley
37 U.S. 300 (1838) Toland v. Sprague
37 U.S. 339 (1838) Ex Parte Story
37 U.S. 345 (1838) Hepburn v. Dubois Lessee Wolcott
37 U.S. 378 (1838) Bradlie v. Maryland Insurance Company
37 U.S. 410 (1838) Strother v. Lucas
37 U.S. 472 (1838) Ex Parte Poultneys
37 U.S. 476 (1838) United States v. Kingsley
37 U.S. 488 (1838) Ex parte Sibbald
37 U.S. 497 (1838) Reynolds v. Douglass
37 U.S. 507 (1838) Choteau v. Marguerite
37 U.S. 511 (1838) Garcia v. Lee
37 U.S. 524 (1838) Kendall v. United States
37 U.S. 654 (1838) United States v. Delespine's Heirs Lazarus
37 U.S. 657 (1838) Rhode Island v. Massachusetts
37 U.S. 755 (1838) Massachusetts v. Rhode Island


text:
Published on Sunday Examiner (http://sundayex.catholic.org.hk)
Home > Hong Kong's historic saltpans receive heritage award
Hong Kong's historic saltpans receive heritage award
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BANGKOK (SE): The historic saltpans on Yim Tin Tsai Island off the coast of Sai Kung have been listed in the 2015 Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards by UNESCO (United Nations Organisation for Education, Science and Culture).
The conservation work carried out on the saltpans to restore them to functioning condition was coordinated by members of the Chan family, who are descendants of early residents of the island.
Their work earned an award of distinction from the UNESCO judges.
This is a special moment for the vicar general of the diocese of Hong Kong, Father Dominic Chan Chi-ming, who is a member of the Chan family and counts Yim Tin Tsai as his roots and ancestral home.
He told the Sunday Examiner that he believes this is an important award for the island, as the ingenuity the local people used in bygone times to create the pans is something that should be remembered and understood today.
He added that since the area is now used as an educational hub for students and an eco-tourist destination, recognition of its uniqueness by UNESCO should help to promote what is an important part of Hong Kong history.
Father Chan believes that by restoring the saltpans to functioning condition using the same innovative technology that his forebears used in creating them in the first place, will help to rekindle an interest in the history of the early development of the special administrative region.
He added that it sets an innovative approach to industrial and heritage conservation.
In the citation released by the UNESCO office in Bangkok, Thailand, says, "The revitalisation of the saltpans of Yim Tin Tsai Island in a rural area of Hong Kong celebrates an overlooked form of industrial heritage and contributes to pushing the envelope of conservation practice."
It adds that although there was little historical documentation to support the claim to great ingenuity, this was overcome by using a field-based methodology to inform the conservation process.
The citation says, "The conservation work employed simple local building materials and techniques to return the saltpans to functioning condition."
Tim Curtis, the chairperson and head of UNESCO's Bangkok Culture Unit, said that he was impressed with the quality of entries received this year, as well as the geographical expanse they covered.
He said he believes that they reflect the importance of the message that the awards carry about cultural preservation, which he thinks is gaining momentum in the Asia-Pacific Region.
Apart from the saltpans, Hong Kong also received an honorary mention for the YHA Mei Ho House Youth Hostel.
China received an honorary mention for the Sanfang Qixiang, in Fujian, as well as an award of merit for the Cangdong Heritage Education Centre in Guangdong and the Ping Yao Courtyard House in Shanxi.
The awards recognise cultural heritage conservation efforts of private individuals and organisations that have successfully restored and conserved structures and buildings of heritage value.
Awards are given on the basis of how well projects reflect the spirit of the place, technical advancement and contribution to the surrounding environment.
Father Chan said that Yim Tin Tsai also boasts a natural stations of the cross, which uses the beauty of nature and the environment to inspire meditation and reflection on the place of human beings in the reality of God's creation.
Sat, 10/10/2015 - Fri, 10/16/2015
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Source URL: http://sundayex.catholic.org.hk/node/2290
[1] http://sundayex.catholic.org.hk/print/2290
[2] http://sundayex.catholic.org.hk/printmail/2290
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[4] http://sundayex.catholic.org.hk/hongkong
[5] http://sundayex.catholic.org.hk/node/2289
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Hey everybody here is a reminder that the 2018 census is live. Since you're already reading this go ahead and scroll to the top of the page on the left hand side you will see a blue link that says complete your census. Click on the link and it will take you to the census and just fill in the questions that it asks.
Please make sure to select the correct box at the very bottom of the census form.
That's it! It literally takes one minute to complete. You have until April to accomplish this, but sooner is always better.
Thanks! Lets keep that spirit going !
Cajun Jedi Knight Reporting for Duty.


text:
Q: Gradle sync failed: com.android.tools.idea.gradle.project.sync.idea.issues.SdkPlatformNotFoundException: Module: 'app' platform 'android-29' not found Installed Android 4.1 on Ubuntu 20.04. Getting the following error:
Gradle sync failed: com.android.tools.idea.gradle.project.sync.idea.issues.SdkPlatformNotFoundException: Module: 'app' platform 'android-29' not found.
On opening the SDK manager I get the following screen:

I also executed
$ANDROID_HOME/cmdline-tools/tools/bin/sdkmanager --licenses
How to fix this?
------ edit ---------
This is what shows in the SDK Platforms tab. Unchecking the "Hide Obsolete Packages" doesn't change anything.

A: Go to  File -> Project Structure -> Modules(Properties Tab) -> Change the compile Sdk Version and Build Tools Version to the the latest version available at the time
img

A: As the error is saying. Install the SDK Platform with API Level 29. YOu need to switch to the tab " SDK Platforms and install the right API Level:

-----------edit--------------
maybe you changed accidently your SDK location.
Mine is on C:\Users\elmo\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk
Pay attention: using it on windows.

A: go to the "sdk platforms" you can find it by click on navigate->find anywhere than enter "sdk"
than what you need is to find the api level you need (29 in your case) and check the box near it.


GRAND RAPIDS, Mich — A body has been discovered on the city's Southwest side near Wealthy and Garfield.
At this time the Grand Rapids Police Department is saying that the death does not appear to be suspicious. A forensics team is currently on the scene investigating.
Fox 17 News will have more information, when it becomes available.


text:
Beauty And The Dirt
Welcome to Mimi's world, you might never want to leave...
Style Icons Of Football
Football is a sport that's full of stylish young men love their labels and making fashion statements off the field. This has become a big part of the modern era of the sport. Its biggest stars are courted by the fashion labels who all want their huge fab base to see their clothing on them. Not every footballer is fit for a GQ cover, but in their own different ways most of them do have a unique sense of style.
These players in particular have essentially become fashion icons, even while they've thrived as world-class athletes.
More often than not, the style icons on the football scene double as the most visible on-field stars: the goalscorers and ball distributors, who sign £100 million deals and ink sponsorship agreements with massive companies. Héctor Bellerín is a bit of an exception – a star in his own right, but a defensive player for Arsenal and thus someone who sees less of the spotlight. This makes it all the more impressive that he's become recognised as one of the most fashionable athletes alive. Indeed, while as we mentioned not every footballer gets his own GQ cover, the magazine did do a write-up of 2018's most stylish footballers, and it was headlined by Bellerín. He's proven to be able to make everything from surf style, to his own brand of quirky-street-chic, to formalwear pop.
We'll mention Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang next because he's effectively the fashion icon you'd expect to see from Arsenal. Bellerín's teammate, Aubameyang is the player who soaks up much of the on-field glory, standing as one of two primary goalscorers on one of the most high-profile football teams in the world. He too made the aforementioned GQ piece, which noted his propensity for flashier fashions. Indeed, the striker has a way of making bold ideas look like brilliant, if slightly eccentric styles.
Image from the CR7 collection
Cristiano Ronaldo more or less embodies the full idea of a celebrity sports figure. To start with, he's one of the best players of all time in his sport. Even presently, as his Juventus team has been eliminated from Champions League competition, you can keep an eye on football scores and see him dominating in virtually every match, consequential or not. Ronaldo just never stops producing, and has cemented himself as one of the most relentless goalscorers in history. This has naturally helped him to become a larger-than-life star, and he's embraced the public spotlight in part by showcasing impeccable style sense. Ronaldo is always fashion-forward, in trendy and tailored looks. He's modelled for various brands over the years, and now has his own shop of custom footwear online as well.
We can basically repeat most of what we just said about Ronaldo for Neymar. There are differences of course. Neymar plays for Paris St.-Germain and the Brazilian national team, and is also many years Ronaldo's junior. But he's a similarly electric star who's become a similarly visible celebrity, and like Ronaldo he's known for his fashion. He hasn't gone quite so far as to release his own footwear just yet, but Neymar has shined in a variety of looks: designer jackets at fashion events, form-fitting shirts and jeans heading to matches, the suit-and-shorts look that seemed to get trendy among athletes in 2018, etc. The man just always looks sharp.
Paul Pogba, the French star who plays for Manchester United and won a World Cup in 2018, is another player who has to be mentioned here. Pogba doesn't have an elevated or formal fashion appeal the way Ronaldo or Bellerín can demonstrate on occasion, but he's specifically known for making athleisure look as stylish as possible. Beauty & The Dirt has covered sports-luxe before, and while that coverage was geared more toward the female audience, anyone who appreciates this kind of style ought to keep an eye on Pogba. Not many people do casual better than he does.
Azzedine Alaia: The Couturier Exhibition
Pop Up Screens Outdoor Lineup!
BATD TV


Take your seats in Proud's majestic venue for an unforgettable night of cabaret, accompanied by a delightful cocktail or a glass of prosecco each.
Choose from one of three fantastic shows. There's the breathtaking Lady Marmalade, where incredible choreography with high kicks and French splits takes centre stage; Big Top Cabaret, where you'll experience the fantasy world of circus, with contortion, fire breathing and gravity defying skill; or, if you're feeling particularly daring, leave your inhibitions at the door and step inside for a risqué evening of dark and provocative cabaret at the Secret Burlesque Society.
Pair your entertainment with a cocktail from a choice of a Bellini, Dark 'n' stormy, Rum Punch or a glass of prosecco. After the show, the venue opens up into a 750-person capacity nightclub, where you can enjoy more live entertainment and dance until the early hours of the morning.
On the night of your chosen show, arrive at Proud Embankment between 18.30 and 20.15, ready for the show to start at 21.00. Make sure you arrive early if you want to see the fabulous pre-sing.
The two of you can settle back and enjoy a night of unforgettable entertainment along with your choice of delicious cocktail or glass of prosecco. The fun doesn't have to stop after the show; the venue opens into a nightclub, where you can enjoy fantastic live entertainment.
The experience runs on selected Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays with a different theme depending on the chosen night.
Please allow 3 hours for the full show with additional time to enjoy the night club.
The actual show was fab, sadly the poor organisation when we arrived totally spoilt the evening! We were told all seats in the venue were fully reserved and that we would have to stand for 5 hours! We then had to complain so that they found us a seat! As it happened none of the reserved seats were even taken!!! Disappointing start! The cabaret was hilarious and the acts are seriously talented! If you go, ring and reserve a seat!
Hi Wendy, thank you for your review and we are very sorry to hear that certain aspects of the experience had spoiled your evening. We are happy to hear that you did bring this up to the suppliers on the day and they was able to provide you with a resolution.
Really disappointing. Seated in balcony, no visibility of stage. Only one cocktail offered - rum and ginger beer! Advised to arrive early, but then waited an hour and a half before show started late. Poor service at the bar. Evening over-subscribed so people seated on stairs (health and safety issue?). People stood in front of our table in order to see and to film with phones.
This was a special birthday gift - it was a shoddy experience.
We had a "Cocktail and Cabaret" vouchers via virgin experiences - the cocktail turned out to only be a glass of Prosecco, we (along with everyone else with vouchers it seemed) were given seats with no view of the show. Also we were told to get there at 7.30pm when the show didn't start until 9pm - it felt like we were made to get there early to spend money on the extortionate drinks (£34 for 2 G&Ts)!! Honestly was very very disappointed as I had high hopes for this but we left halfway through.
We sincerely apologise that the experience failed to meet your expectations and that you did not receive the advertised cocktail. We do not like to see our customers disappointed, so we are grateful that you have raised your concerns regarding your experience with us and provided valuable feedback. We will also ensure that the supplier is made aware of all your comments, especially regarding the voucher inclusions.
"Good fun and great acts"
The venue itself is really nice, and easy to find. The compère was very funny and I thought did a great job at lifting the crowd. The acts looked stunning and were very impressive, although from some areas of the balcony (which we were only allowed to sit, I am guessing because we had a voucher) had restricted views. The negatives though were the fact that the "cocktail" that came with the voucher was just a prosecco or bellini, and the staff were not very welcoming.
After having some trouble finding the place, we got to the Proud City venue and it was stunning. The basement where the show is is decked out in beautiful 1920s fashion with booths and tables. The experience day included a cocktail on arrival, we ended up having to ask the waitress for this but the cocktail was lovely!
The entertainment varied from singing to hoola hoops, burlesque dancing to fire dancing. It was brilliant!
Would thoroughly recommend to groups or couples.


text:
Bringing more diverse voices to the world
by Ann Lewnes, Executive Vice President and CMO
Creativity has the power to create change in the world in big and small ways. It has the power to unite us, help us cope, inspire us and drive positive change in the world. But, creativity needs to be more accessible to, and celebrated by, every one of us—regardless of race, ethnicity, ability, gender or sexual orientation. At Adobe, we believe it is our responsibility to give diverse voices a greater platform to share their stories, especially in this unprecedented moment.
In that spirit, we are proud to share some of the new programmes we are doing to elevate and amplify diverse voices, including some exciting initiatives focused on female creators.
Today, Adobe is launching a new campaign showcasing the vibrant spectrum of perspectives from female creators from all around the world, including the work of; illustrator, Malika Favre; 3D and graphic artist, Jordan Moss; and photography and video artist, Rose Marie Cromwell.
As a part of this effort, we're excited to present The New York Times' T Magazine's special digital issue, "T Presents: The 15 Creative Women for Our Time," that is inspired by and dedicated to women all over the world.
Within the issue, branded content will feature some creators from our very own Adobe community, including; illustrator, Octavia Bromell; grassroots data storyteller, Jessica Bellamy; and Nike VP/ Creative Director of Women's Footwear, Georgina James.
Creating opportunity + mentorship in film
Today's announcements build on our long-standing commitment to elevate underrepresented creators through mentorship, programmes, grants and more. Earlier this year, we launched the inaugural Women at Sundance | Adobe Fellowship — Adobe is the first-ever brand to create a woman-focused fellowship with Sundance Institute.
We are excited to announce the inaugural Women at Sundance fellows for this year's program, 11 female-identifying filmmakers that will receive bespoke support to create bold, new work across diverse disciplines. The fellowship includes year-round mentorship from Sundance Institute and Adobe executives, participation in Sundance Institute Labs and programs, and a $5k cash grant to advance current projects.
Creativity for All
Finally, we are launching a dedicated place for diverse voices, where everyone can be inspired, learn, and share their creativity. Here we will be highlighting the voices of different creators, sharing resources (e.g., scholarships and fellowships) and more. Please check it out: Adobe.com Diverse Voices.
At Adobe, we are committed to supporting, elevating and amplifying underrepresented creators, so the world can see, learn and benefit from diverse perspectives.
As Marian Wright Edelman once said: "You can't be what you can't see."
Learn more about the ways we're coming together and empowering diverse voices:
Adobe.com Diverse Voices Page
Celebrating and Empowering Women Today—and Everyday
Nurturing Diverse Voices in Film
Topics: Creativity, Adobe, UK, UK Exclusive, Creative EMEA
Products: Creative Cloud


Indiana bats mate during fall before they enter caves to hibernate. Females store the sperm through winter and become pregnant in spring soon after they emerge from the caves.
Indiana bats eat a variety of flying insects found along rivers or lakes and in uplands. Like all insect-eating bats, they benefit people by consuming insects that are considered pests or otherwise harmful to humans.


text:
Custom commands are extensions to the management script, and are used in the same
way you use `foreground` or `remote_console`, in other words, they have the
appearance of being part of the release command line interface. Like hooks, they have access to
the management scripts helper functions and environment.

## Example Usage

Given a config like the following:

```elixir
use Distillery.Releases.Config

environment :default do
  set commands: [
    echo: "rel/commands/echo"
  ]
end

release :myapp do
  set version: current_version(:myapp)
end
```

And the command script under `rel/commands/echo`:

```shell
echo "$1"
```

When you build your release, you can then call your command like so:

```
> _build/dev/rel/myapp/bin/myapp echo hi
hi
```

## Mix Tasks

Since Mix Tasks have not been supported in releases, it can feel frustrating to have to write two
interfaces for one task. Distillery now provides tools to make this no longer an issue:

First, you should define your Mix task as you would normally. The entry point for your task will
then be something like `Mix.Tasks.MyTask.run/1`.

!!! warning
    You can reuse Mix tasks this way, but you must avoid the use of Mix APIs, as they depend on Mix being
    started, as well as having the project context available, which is not the case in releases.

Now add a custom command to your release like so:

```elixir
release :myapp do
  set commands: [
    my_task: "rel/commands/my_task"
  ]
end
```

And here's how you invoke your Mix task from the release (in `rel/commands/my_task`):

```shell
#!/usr/bin/env bash

release_ctl eval --mfa "Mix.Tasks.MyTask.run/1" --argv -- "$@"
```

Now, when you run `bin/myapp my_task foo bar`, your Mix task will be invoked like so:

```elixir
Mix.Tasks.MyTask.run(["foo", "bar"])
```

That's all there is to it!

!!! warning
    You should use `release_remote_ctl rpc` rather than `release_ctl eval` though,
    if your task needs to execute in the context of the running release.

You have access to anything defined in the management scripts environment, see
[Shell Scripts](shell_scripts.md) for details.


Socialism has failed in every application from the first day it was invented to the 21st century. So, it gives one pause to consider why world leaders in the EU as well as in America are hell-bent to install socialism on Western society. The main premise of modern socialists being that; "Printing money does not cause inflation!" The secondary and other ideas are "Tax the Rich," "Pay your fair Share," along with scores of bumper sticker mentality slogans. These are slogans for the dim-witted. The premise that taxing the rich will solve our problems is stupid, the proposed by Obama taxes on the upper 2% of wage earners will run the government for a total of 8 days. We don't have a taxing problem we have a spending problem. The concept that paper has no value in the first place and that printing more of it will not cause inflation is wrong. Fabian economics. According to this theory the Weimar, French, Zimbabwe, Argentinian, and all the scores of other financial failures were the result of unknown issues and the proponents of it according to me have college degrees in advanced sophistry.
Understanding socialist mentality of progressive Democrats is a simple matter. (Progressive is another word for socialist) Politicians first and only desire is election and reelection. There are only two ways that this can be accomplished. First by soliciting and getting funds from wealthy contributors to be repaid by political favors, and two by providing free stuff to those who vote for you. The prime providers are now banking companies, the second is providing unemployment benefits, food stamps, Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, Welfare and a score of such services to a large portion of the population, now in America about 110 million citizens. These are primarily wealth redistribution schemes. In true socialist demeanor, it is taking from those who produce and giving to those who loaf.
The fact that the top 2% of earners pay 47% of all collected by government taxes seems to evade the understanding of the population. The Republocrats demonstrating their adherence to the "System" never drive this fact to public consideration and the socialist media, the ever-heeling watchdog of socialism complies implicitly. Likewise the amount of taxes for the top 2% that would by "their fair share" be fair and proper is never ever mentioned by either of the two parties. That is of course why we need another party. Not a third party because we now have only one party, the Republocrats, but a second party.
While the situation in America is very serious the EU socialist model is doomed to collapse sooner than us. Led by two socialists, Germany's Merkel and Frances, Hollande the party is about to end. All EU national members are to large degree socialist governments. In desperation both counties followed by the Obama administration are now engaged in trying to get at the accounts of people who have funds in tax havens. These are located in the Caribbean islands and Panama, Cyprus, Gibraltar, Luxemburg and Switzerland in Europe, some smaller number in the Middle East and various islands. All are under full assault to provide information on account holders to the EU, and America. Considering that the possible total collected amount for America is below 10 billion not even enough to run the government for one-day, the abject desperation is demonstrated.
It goes without saying that Venezuela's Hugo Chavez, Cuba's Rau'l Castro, along with Merkel and Hollande and CPUSA (1) and DSA (2) all endorsed Obama and the progressives. If there is one-thing communists and socialist do it's sticking together for mutual benefit, it is their greatest advantage over capitalists, free marketers, and republicans.
The EU has exceeded its abilities of capability to save the EURO and to prevent collapse of the currency. The individual debt loads of Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, when combined with those of Eastern Europe make the continuation of German bailouts impossible. The German people who are hard workers refuse to further finance pensions of people, who retire at 58, have life long government paid healthcare without participant contribution, free public transport for pensioners, and all the rest of the provided benefits accumulated at the expense of German taxpayers. The only remaining question is not will the Euro collapse but when will it collapse? Overstepping the boundaries of financial ability to repay is the 21st centuries primary monitory problem, from Washington to Brussels. From California to New York 126 individual state pension funds are underfunded by $800 billion and that was in 2010. According to the same source (3) 54% of all state, municipal, and public employee pension funds will be financially exhausted by 2034. The estimated present shortfall in municipal government pensions is $4 trillion nationally in 2012.
From the EU to Washington, socialists follow the identical program. Spend money you don't have, by printing more fiat paper, hire more government employees to reduce the unemployed rolls. In the four years of Obama, government employment has risen by 6% while private sector employment has fallen by 2%. We, in winter 2012 have 430,000 fewer private sector employees than we had in 2008 when Obama took office. In Greece for example people retire at age 58 with full pensions, full healthcare, free public transport and the endless list continues. In California the state is to build a high-speed rail system from San Diego to Sacramento and San Francisco with $3.2 billion federal funding (that they don't have) $4.7 billion in bonds, (that have not been sold) and $2.6 billion for the first leg that is provided by the inevitable San Francisco fairy. California has a current budget shortfall of $15.7 billion, and is $335 billion in debt. So, with a total debt load into 2013 of $ 350.7 the idiot state legislature and captain Moon Beam (4) their governor, they allocate another debt of $10.5 billion to build a high-speed rail system. Hey, they know exactly what they are doing, Obama will bail out California, Moon Beam knows it, socialist always stick together. Need I point out that you will wind up behind the proverbial 8-ball and pay for it.
In a joint speech last week, Merkel and Hollande articulated the EU situation in very clothed words, by which they clearly state that Germany and France are the only viable financial parties left, which I think is wrong. France is no longer viable financially. The telling statement was "each participant [EU] is to meet its financial obligations according to its sphere of competence." In other words, Guys you're on your own. If only the Obama administration had the veracity to address the individual state's in the same manner. There is one other issue that cannot be overlooked; the ten financially and socially worst cities in America are and have been run by Democrats (progressive socialists) in all cases by over ten years. The ten states with the greatest financial burdens and the largest deficits and greatest debts are all Democrat run with the exception of two, which recently elected Republicans. In the EU all nations that are financially kaput are socialist. Socialism does not work and never in history has worked.
(4) So named by Ronald Reagan when he beat him for governor.


text:
The Horror of Australia's Refugee Detention Centers
Nauru's centers are designed to remove all hope
By Nathan Appleman
Last week, the tiny island of Nauru in the Pacific Ocean made the headlines again, as politicians from several countries, including Australia and Denmark who intended on visiting a refugee detention camp on the island, were denied visas.
With a detainee population of 543 asylum seekers, many of whom had come from Somalia or Iran, Nauru is one of several small Pacific islands harboring offshore Australian immigration detention facilities.
Under Australia's policy of mandatory immigration detention, whereby any illegal refugee can be detained for up to 5 years, these sites are witness to countless cases of human rights violations, many involving child abuse.
The operation of offshore detention centers, authorized since 2001 under several agreements between the Australian government and other small Pacific nations, is shrouded in an abnormal amount of secrecy, especially concerning the treatment of detainees.
Peaceful protest in Nauru ?
Day 176✊
Never give up ✊
Every single day ? pic.twitter.com/uVhx7MbUm1
— ELI SHAKIBA (@elahe_zivardar) September 11, 2016
Both parties in fact benefit hugely from the continuation of these programs, as Australia sends a strong message to asylum seekers and prevents many from making boat journeys, while islands such as Nauru receive generous financial support in exchange for their cooperation.
It is in fact thanks to the Australian government's support that Nauru has been able to shield itself from scrutiny, as NGOs and journalists alike are consistently being denied access. While visits by UNHCR representatives are permitted, the resulting reports urging Australian and Nauruan officials to end the program have so far amounted to very little.
A story of wide-scale systemic abuse
Still, despite tightly controlled media access to the refugee camps on Nauru, the Guardian managed last August to get its hands on a leaked database containing over 2,000 reported 'incidents' between 2013 and 2015 only. More than half of the reports involved minors, with notably:
59 reports of assault on children
30 of self-harm involving children
159 of attempted self-harm on children
Perhaps even more terrifying is thinking about what is not being reported in these documents. A vast majority of the leaked files showed self-inflicted harm or prisoner-on-prisoner abuse, and none ever mentioned harm caused by staffers on detainees. Broadspectrum Limited, the company that was contracted out by the Australian government to run facilities such as those on Nauru, has itself admitted at a Senate hearing that it had received 67 allegations of child abuse up until May 2015, 30 of which were against detention centre staff. Interviews conducted by the Guardian and Al Jazeera with some of the refugees on Nauru showed unimaginable levels of cruelty and gruesomeness to which refugees were exposed systematically.
Wilson Security to pull out of Aussie offshore detention centers on Manus Island & Nauru https://t.co/OJfUy2e5BX pic.twitter.com/orzhxwkSOA
— China Xinhua News (@XHNews) September 2, 2016
It is this never-ending abuse which has motivated so many to lose all hope, leading some detainees to carry out desperate actions. Earlier this year, a 23 year-old Iranian man set himself on fire at the centre during a visit by UNHCR officials. He later died from his injuries. More generally, the number of cases of self-immolation and suicide attempts has risen dramatically over the past 12 months. Psychiatrist Peter Young, who worked with Australian offshore detention centers between 2011 and 2014 told Al Jazeera in an interview: "The whole system of detention is geared towards removing hope for people, so they agree to go back to where they came from."
Another major cause for concern concerns the living conditions of refugees outside the camp. Since January this year, the detention centre on Nauru has allowed refugees to go out on the island, leading to only more abuse against them, only this time by Nauru residents themselves, with many children facing brutality at school, while 3 sexual assaults on refugee women outside of the camp were reported.
A beacon for hope?
Despite several allegations of international law violations made against the Australian and Nauruan governments, very little has changed in recent times, which goes to show once more the limits of the international system for resolving human rights abuses in the Western world. The solution, however, may well come from an unexpected actor.
Earlier this year, Ferrovial, a Spanish company which previously acquired 90% of Broadspectrum Limited, the company which had been contracted out by the Australian government to run its offshore detention centers, released a statement in which it declared it would not bid for a new mandate over the centre. As the public pressure for closing the centre in Nauru is incredibly high, companies are less and less likely to take up a contract which, by associating their name with human rights violations and atrocities, may not only hurt their image, but also their business prospects.
Furthermore, the Australian and Papua New Guinean governments have both confirmed this summer that the Manus Island offshore facility, also managed by Broadspectrum, would close. This followed a decision by the PNG supreme court.
Though no one knows yet how and when said closure would happen, or what will happen to the inmate population, this decision hopefully will pave the way for Nauru's centers to close as well.
Australia, Human Rights, nauru, refugee
Nathan Appleman
Nathan Appleman is a French-American master's student based in Berlin. He holds a particular interest for issues relating to the energy sector and European politics. He has previously worked both in the public and non-profit sector, in France, Germany and the United Kingdom, where he furthermore completed a Bachelor's in International Politics at King's College London.
How 9/11 Could Have Been Avoided by Clinton and Bush
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text:
Majority of Harris County voters will support $2.5 billion flood bond, UH study finds
Local // Houston Politics
Zach Despart Aug. 6, 2018 Updated: Aug. 6, 2018 10:14 p.m.
Matt Zeve, Harris County Flood Control District director of operations, speaks with residents about the bond program.
Photo: Melissa Phillip, Staff / Houston Chronicle
A majority of Harris County voters say they will support a $2.5 billion flood infrastructure bond at the polls later this month, according to University of Houston research released Monday.
Sixty-two percent of residents who said they are certain to vote said they will support the bond, compared to 55 percent of all respondents. Just 10 percent said they oppose the bond, while one-third remain unsure.
"People see flooding as a Houston and Harris County problem, not a problem affecting only certain neighborhoods or people," Jim Granato, executive director of UH's Hobby School of Public Affairs, said in a statement. "They believe the region's future will be decided, at least in part, by how we respond."
The bond would be the largest local investment in flood management post-Hurricane Harvey and include channel improvements, detention basins, drainage projects and thousands of home buyouts in the floodplain.
The Hobby School of Public Affairs polled 815 residents between June 26 and July 31. The margin of error is 3.4 percent. Only 36 percent of residents said they will definitely cast a ballot.
MORE: Residents give flood control officials an earful at flood bond public meetings
Residents who sustained property damage from Hurricane Harvey were slightly more likely to support the bond than those who remained dry, 60 percent to 52 percent.
Partisanship appears to play little role in residents' views on the bond, as 58 percent of Republicans and 63 percent of Democrats support the proposal, which has wide support elected officials from both parties.
Sixty-nine percent of college-educated residents said they'll vote yes, while the poll found residents 65 and older support the bond to the tune of 58 percent. Seniors whose homes are worth less than $200,000, as well as residents who are disabled, would not see their taxes rise because of the bond.
Just 18 percent of the youngest polling cohort, residents 18 to 25, said they support the bond, though 59 percent professed they remain unsure.
PREPPING PROPOSAL: Harris County pieces together flood bond projects, millions at a time, in Harvey's wake
JUDGE'S PLEDGE: Emmett promises public will have input on $2.5B flood bond
Harris County residents found most agreement when asked whether Austin should help the region's recovery by tapping into the state's Rainy Day Fund. Almost 88 percent said the Abbott administration should.
The Hobby School also polled residents on flood mitigation strategies in February. In that round of questions, a third of residents said they sustained serious flood damage from Harvey, and more than half said the monster storm negatively affected their household finances.
Early voting on the bond begins Wednesday, and Election Day is Aug. 25 — the one-year anniversary of Hurricane Harvey. The Harris County Flood Control District said it plans to release a final list of projects that would be funded by the bond on Monday.
Pablo Pinto, director of the Center for Public Policy at the Hobby School, said in a statement that the polling suggests residents are accepting that flooding has become a regular, persistent problem in the region.
"They are worried that the image of roads and houses submerged by floodwaters will make Houston less attractive to future residents and businesses," he said. "This really is a change in attitude."
Zach Despart covers Harris County for the Chronicle. You can follow him on Twitter or email him at zach.despart@chron.com.
Zach Despart covers Harris County for the Chronicle, including Commissioners Court and flood control. He came to Houston from the Burlington Free Press in Vermont and was also the managing editor of the Houston Press. In 2017 he won the Best Feature award from the Association of Alternative Newsmedia for his feature on Venezuelan corruption in Houston and Miami. He is a New York native and graduate of the University of Vermont. Follow him on Twitter or email him at zach.despart@chron.com.
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